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[ { "answer": "Guadalajara", "id": 608132, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Christian Sánchez >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "North America", "id": 508773, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "#1 >> continent" }, { "answer": "John Cabot", "id": 85832, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Cabot", "id": 745702, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "#3 >> child" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500.", "title": "Exploration of North America" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia (1770 in Genoa – September 7, 1845 in Paris) was an explorer, navigator and Italian Egyptologist. He was one of the pioneers of Egyptian archeology of his time. He was influential in the excavation of the Sphinx of Giza near Cairo.", "title": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón (; Palos de la Frontera, Spain, c. 1462 – after 1514) was a Spanish navigator, explorer, and \"conquistador\", the younger of the Pinzón brothers. Along with his older brother, Martín Alonso Pinzón (\"c.\" 1441 – \"c.\" 1493), who captained the \"Pinta\", he sailed with Christopher Columbus on the first voyage to the New World, in 1492, as captain of the \"Niña\".", "title": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Christian Emmanuel Sánchez Narváez (born April 4, 1989 in Guadalajara, Jalisco) is a Mexican football defender who plays for Alebrijes de Oaxaca in Ascenso MX. Sánchez was a member of the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship squad that won the championship. Sánchez was transferred to Monarcas Morelia on December 14, 2009 but was released after the season.", "title": "Christian Sánchez (Mexican footballer)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 on an expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias. Just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of Manuel I of Portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continuing to the eastern coast of Africa to Malindi to sail across the Indian Ocean to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast. in south India -- the capital of the local Zamorin rulers. The wealth of the Indies was now open for the Europeans to explore; the Portuguese Empire was the earliest European seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade.", "title": "Spice trade" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pedro Álvares Cabral (European Portuguese: (ˈpeðɾu ˈaɫvɐr (ɨ) ʃ kɐˈβɾaɫ) or Brazilian Portuguese: (ˈpedɾu ˈawvaɾis kaˈbɾaw); c. 1467 or 1468 -- c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil. In 1500 Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal. While details of Cabral's early life remain unclear, it is known that he came from a minor noble family and received a good education. He was appointed to head an expedition to India in 1500, following Vasco da Gama's newly - opened route around Africa. The undertaking had the aim of returning with valuable spices and of establishing trade relations in India -- bypassing the monopoly on the spice trade then in the hands of Arab, Turkish and Italian merchants. Although the previous expedition of Vasco da Gama to India, on its sea route, had recorded signs of land west of the southern Atlantic Ocean (in 1497), Cabral is regarded as the first captain who ever touched four continents, leading the first expedition that united Europe, Africa, America, and Asia.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile. Sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site 'San Miguel'. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sent to map the California coast. Arriving on his flagship San Diego, Vizcaíno surveyed the harbor and what are now Mission Bay and Point Loma and named the area for the Catholic Saint Didacus, a Spaniard more commonly known as San Diego de Alcalá. On November 12, 1602, the first Christian religious service of record in Alta California was conducted by Friar Antonio de la Ascensión, a member of Vizcaíno's expedition, to celebrate the feast day of San Diego.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.", "title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.", "title": "John Cabot" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frederick de Houtman (1571 – 21 October 1627), or Frederik de Houtman, was a Dutch explorer who sailed along the Western coast of Australia en route to Batavia, known today as Jakarta in Indonesia. He made observations of the southern stars and possibly contributed to the creation of 12 new southern constellations.", "title": "Frederick de Houtman" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.", "title": "Paula Santiago" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.", "title": "David Melgueiro" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pennell Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. To the west of Cape Williams lies Oates Coast, and to the east and south of Cape Adare lies Borchgrevink Coast. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Lieutenant Harry Pennell, Royal Navy, commander of the Terra Nova, the expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Pennell engaged in oceanographic work in the Ross Sea during this period. In February 1911 he sailed along this coast in exploration and an endeavor to land the Northern Party led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell.", "title": "Pennell Coast" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration.", "title": "Wilkins Runway" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.", "title": "History of the west coast of North America" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the month and date of Jesus' birth are unknown, by the early - to - mid fourth century the Western Christian Church had placed Christmas on December 25, a date that was later adopted in the East. Today, most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar, which has been adopted almost universally in the civil calendars used in countries throughout the world. However, some Eastern Christian Churches celebrate Christmas on December 25 of the older Julian calendar, which currently corresponds to January 7 in the Gregorian calendar, the day after the Western Christian Church celebrates the Epiphany. This is not a disagreement over the date of Christmas as such, but rather a preference of which calendar should be used to determine the day that is December 25. Moreover, for Christians, the belief that God came into the world in the form of man to atone for the sins of humanity, rather than the exact birth date, is considered to be the primary purpose in celebrating Christmas.", "title": "Christmas" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The recorded history of Maryland dates back to when Europeans began exploring the area, starting with the Italian / Venetian John Cabot (c. 1450 -- c. 1500), exploring the coast of the continent of North America for England in 1498. The first European settlements were made in 1634, when the English arrived in significant numbers and created a permanent colony. Maryland was notable for having been established with religious freedom for Roman Catholics. Like other colonies of the Chesapeake Bay, its economy was based on tobacco as a commodity crop, cultivated primarily by African slave labor, although many young people came from Britain as indentured servants in the early years.", "title": "History of Maryland" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Markus Zusak", "id": 58323, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "who wrote the book thief soon to appear as a film" }, { "answer": "Australia", "id": 375563, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "#1 >> country of citizenship" }, { "answer": "New Zealand", "id": 161848, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "What country located near #2 was a first time participant in these games?" }, { "answer": "the first Sunday in April", "id": 83118, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "when does daylight saving end in #3" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"The Times of India\" gave the film 1.5 stars out of 5 and wrote, \"\"Pattaya Kelappanum Pandiyaa\" is very much a film from the 1990s. The problem is that it hews closer to the dreary ones from the decade. It is the kind of film that stops for the director to utter a punchline to a joke before displaying his name in the credit\". \"The New Indian Express\" wrote, \"The narration could have been crisper towards the latter part. \"Pattaya...\" may not have the best of screenplays, but it’s a fairly watchable and a clean wholesome family entertainer thanks to humour quotient\". Onlykollywood wrote: \"\"Pattaiya Kelapanum Paandiya\" is just another Tamil film which glorifies barbaric stalking in the first half and renders an atrocious justification in the second half. The only saving grace in the film is its occasional situational comedies appearing out of nowhere\".", "title": "Pattaya Kelappanum Pandiya" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "BST begins at 01: 00 GMT on the last Sunday of March and ends at 01: 00 GMT (02: 00 BST) on the last Sunday of October. Since 22 October 1995, the starting and finishing times of daylight saving time across the European Union have been aligned -- for instance Central European Summer Time begins and ends on the same Sundays at exactly the same time (that is, 02: 00 CET, which is 01: 00 GMT). Between 1972 and 1995, BST began and ended at 02: 00 GMT on the third Sunday in March (or second Sunday when Easter fell on the third) and fourth Sunday in October.", "title": "British Summer Time" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albania first participated at the Summer Olympic Games in 1972. They missed the next four games, two of them due to the 1980 and 1984 boycotts, but returned for the 1992 games in Barcelona. They have appeared in all games since then. They made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 2006. Albania normally competes in events that include swimming, athletics, weightlifting, shooting and wrestling. The country has not yet won an Olympic medal, and along with Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is the only European non-microstate without an Olympic medal. They have been represented by the Albanian National Olympic Committee since 1972.", "title": "Albania at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.", "title": "The Messenger (Zusak novel)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daylight saving time starts on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November, with the time changes taking place at 2: 00 a.m. local time. With a mnemonic word play referring to seasons, clocks ``spring forward, fall back ''-- that is, in springtime the clocks are moved forward from 2: 00 a.m. to 3: 00 a.m. and in fall they are moved back from 2: 00 a.m. to 1: 00 a.m. Daylight saving time lasts for a total of 34 weeks (238 days) every year, about 65% of the entire year.", "title": "Daylight saving time in the United States" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Australia Oceania Austral / South First Sunday October First Sunday April Main article: Daylight saving time in Australia DST used only in Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Lord Howe Island.", "title": "Daylight saving time by country" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.", "title": "1952 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mexico adopted daylight saving time (Spanish: horario de verano) nationwide in 1996, even in its tropical regions, because of its increasing economic ties to the United States. Although the United States has changed the schedule for DST beginning in 2007, only the municipalities located less than 20 km from the border have adopted the change. Daylight saving time for Mexico begins the first Sunday of April and ends last Sunday of October; and is usually referred to as the ``Summer Schedule ''(Horario de Verano). Add one hour.", "title": "Daylight saving time in Mexico" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During summer months -- from the last Sunday in September until the first Sunday in April -- daylight saving time is observed and clocks are advanced one hour. New Zealand Daylight Time (NZDT) is 13 hours ahead of UTC, and Chatham Daylight Time (CHADT) 13 hours 45 minutes ahead.", "title": "Time in New Zealand" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The choice of whether to use daylight saving time (DST) in Australia is a matter for the individual states and territories. However, during World War I and World War II all states and territories had daylight saving. In 1968 Tasmania became the first state since the war to practise daylight saving. In 1971, New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, and the Australian Capital Territory followed Tasmania by observing daylight saving. Western Australia and the Northern Territory did not. Queensland abandoned daylight saving time in 1972. Queensland and Western Australia have observed daylight saving over the past 40 years from time to time on trial bases.", "title": "Daylight saving time in Australia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Demon Thief is a book in Darren Shan's \"Demonata\" series. Though it is the second book in the series, it is a prequel to \"Lord Loss\", the first book in the series. The protagonist is also different from that of the first book. The narrator here is a new character called Kernel Fleck, as opposed to Grubbs Grady, the protagonist of the first book. Demon Thief takes place about thirty years before \"Lord Loss\" so most of the characters from the first book did not appear, though a few did. It was also actually the sixth book of the Demonata to be written, although it was the second released.", "title": "Demon Thief" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams.", "title": "The Book Thief (film)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As explained by Richard Meade in the English Journal of the (American) National Council of Teachers of English, the form daylight savings time (with an \"s\") was already in 1978 much more common than the older form daylight saving time in American English (\"the change has been virtually accomplished\"). Nevertheless, even dictionaries such as Merriam-Webster's, American Heritage, and Oxford, which describe actual usage instead of prescribing outdated usage (and therefore also list the newer form), still list the older form first. This is because the older form is still very common in print and preferred by many editors. (\"Although daylight saving time is considered correct, daylight savings time (with an \"s\") is commonly used.\") The first two words are sometimes hyphenated (daylight-saving[s] time). Merriam-Webster's also lists the forms daylight saving (without \"time\"), daylight savings (without \"time\"), and daylight time.", "title": "Daylight saving time" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Book Thief Theatrical release poster Directed by Brian Percival Produced by Karen Rosenfelt Ken Blancato Screenplay by Michael Petroni Trudy White (novel) Based on The Book Thief by Markus Zusak Starring Geoffrey Rush Emily Watson Sophie Nélisse Narrated by Roger Allam Music by John Williams Cinematography Florian Ballhaus Edited by John Wilson Production company Fox 2000 Pictures Sunswept Entertainment Studio Babelsberg TSG Entertainment Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date October 3, 2013 (2013 - 10 - 03) (Mill Valley Film Festival) November 27, 2013 (2013 - 11 - 27) (United States) Running time 130 minutes Country United States Germany Language English German Budget $19 million Box office $76.6 million", "title": "The Book Thief (film)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the U.S., daylight saving time starts on the second Sunday in March and ends on the first Sunday in November, with the time changes taking place at 2: 00 a.m. local time. With a mnemonic word play referring to seasons, clocks ``spring forward, fall back ''-- that is, in springtime the clocks are moved forward from 2: 00 a.m. to 3: 00 a.m. and in fall they are moved back from 2: 00 a.m. to 1: 00 a.m. Daylight saving time lasts for a total of 34 weeks (238 days) every year, about 65% of the entire year.", "title": "Daylight saving time in the United States" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brazil won the tournament after beating Italy 3 -- 2 in a penalty shootout at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California near Los Angeles, after the game had ended 0 -- 0 after extra time. It was the first World Cup final to be decided on penalties. The victory made Brazil the first nation to win four World Cup titles. Greece, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia made their first appearances at the tournament, as did Russia, following the breakup of the Soviet Union. A united Germany team took part in the tournament, as the country was reunified in 1990, a few months after West Germany's victory in the 1990 World Cup.", "title": "1994 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the Energy Policy Act of 2005, daylight saving time (DST) was extended in the United States beginning in 2007. As from that year, DST begins on the second Sunday of March and ends on the first Sunday of November. In years when April 1 falls on Monday through Wednesday, these changes result in a DST period that is five weeks longer; in all other years the DST period is instead four weeks longer. In 2008 daylight saving time ended at 2: 00 a.m. DST (0200) (1: 00 a.m. ST) on Sunday, November 2, and in 2009 it began at 2: 00 a.m. (3: 00 a.m. DST) on Sunday, March 8. Wyoming Senator Michael Enzi and Michigan Representative Fred Upton advocated the extension from October into November especially to allow children to go trick - or - treating in more daylight.", "title": "Daylight saving time in the United States" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfred Mayssonnié, nicknamed \"Maysso\" (10 February 1884 – 6 September 1914), was a French rugby union player who appeared three times for the country's national team, and was also the first rugby international from any country to die in action in World War I. A native of Lavernose, a village near Toulouse, he played as scrum-half and fly-half and is credited to this day by Stade Toulousain as the strategist of the club's first great teams in the early 20th century.", "title": "Alfred Mayssonnié" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A record total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 member nations of the Asian Games Federation participated in the Games. The number of participating countries was also greatest in comparison to the first two editions of the Games.", "title": "1958 Asian Games" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forty - three countries participated in the contest, equalling the record of the 2008 and 2011 editions. Russia returned after their absence from the previous edition, and for the first time since 2011, no country withdrew from the contest.", "title": "Eurovision Song Contest 2018" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Maria Theresa", "id": 370129, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Marie Antoinette >> mother" }, { "answer": "Hungary", "id": 621192, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "#1 of Austria >> country of citizenship" }, { "answer": "Poland", "id": 10659, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Along with #2 , where did many expelled French Jews relocate to?" }, { "answer": "Medical University of Warsaw", "id": 42311, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "What is the largest medical school in #3 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Historical records show evidence of Jewish communities north of the Alps and Pyrenees as early as the 8th and 9th century. By the 11th century Jewish settlers, moving from southern European and Middle Eastern centers, appear to have begun to settle in the north, especially along the Rhine, often in response to new economic opportunities and at the invitation of local Christian rulers. Thus Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, invited Jacob ben Yekutiel and his fellow Jews to settle in his lands; and soon after the Norman Conquest of England, William the Conqueror likewise extended a welcome to continental Jews to take up residence there. Bishop Rüdiger Huzmann called on the Jews of Mainz to relocate to Speyer. In all of these decisions, the idea that Jews had the know-how and capacity to jump-start the economy, improve revenues, and enlarge trade seems to have played a prominent role. Typically Jews relocated close to the markets and churches in town centres, where, though they came under the authority of both royal and ecclesiastical powers, they were accorded administrative autonomy.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Duchess Marie Antoinette of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, also \"Manette\" (Marie Antoinette Margarethe Mathilde; 28 May 1884 – 26 October 1944) was the second daughter of Duke Paul Frederick of Mecklenburg and the Austrian-born Princess Marie of Windisch-Graetz.", "title": "Duchess Marie Antoinette of Mecklenburg" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The University of Warsaw was established in 1816, when the partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential Polish academic center, in Kraków. Warsaw University of Technology is the second academic school of technology in the country, and one of the largest in East-Central Europe, employing 2,000 professors. Other institutions for higher education include the Medical University of Warsaw, the largest medical school in Poland and one of the most prestigious, the National Defence University, highest military academic institution in Poland, the Fryderyk Chopin University of Music the oldest and largest music school in Poland, and one of the largest in Europe, the Warsaw School of Economics, the oldest and most renowned economic university in the country, and the Warsaw University of Life Sciences the largest agricultural university founded in 1818.", "title": "Warsaw" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Medical College of Georgia (often referred to as MCG) is the flagship medical school of the University System of Georgia, the state's only public medical school, and one of the top 10 largest medical schools in the United States. Established in 1828 as the Medical Academy of Georgia, MCG is the oldest and founding school of Augusta University. It is the third - oldest medical school in the Southeast and the 13th oldest in the nation. With 22 departments, it offers both a Doctor of Medicine (MD) as well as MD - PhD, MD - MPH, and MD - MBA degrees. Its ranking in research is # 83, and its ranking in primary care is Not Published.", "title": "Medical College of Georgia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1988 Imperial merged with St Mary's Hospital Medical School, becoming The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. In 1995 Imperial launched its own academic publishing house, Imperial College Press, in partnership with World Scientific. Imperial merged with the National Heart and Lung Institute in 1995 and the Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Royal Postgraduate Medical School (RPMS) and the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in 1997. In the same year the Imperial College School of Medicine was formally established and all of the property of Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, the National Heart and Lung Institute and the Royal Postgraduate Medical School were transferred to Imperial as the result of the Imperial College Act 1997. In 1998 the Sir Alexander Fleming Building was opened by Queen Elizabeth II to provide a headquarters for the College's medical and biomedical research.", "title": "Imperial College London" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "France's blended Jewish community is typical of the cultural recombination that is going on among Jews throughout the world. Although France expelled its original Jewish population in the Middle Ages, by the time of the French Revolution, there were two distinct Jewish populations. One consisted of Sephardic Jews, originally refugees from the Inquisition and concentrated in the southwest, while the other community was Ashkenazi, concentrated in formerly German Alsace, and speaking mainly Yiddish. The two communities were so separate and different that the National Assembly emancipated them separately in 1790 and 1791.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "London is home to five major medical schools – Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (part of Queen Mary), King's College London School of Medicine (the largest medical school in Europe), Imperial College School of Medicine, UCL Medical School and St George's, University of London – and has a large number of affiliated teaching hospitals. It is also a major centre for biomedical research, and three of the UK's five academic health science centres are based in the city – Imperial College Healthcare, King's Health Partners and UCL Partners (the largest such centre in Europe).", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Foreign students' department for Armenian diaspora established in 1957 later was enlarged and the enrollment of foreign students began. Nowadays the YSMU is a Medical Institution corresponding to international requirements, trains medical staff for not only Armenia and neighbor countries, i.e. Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Georgia, but also many other leading countries all over the world. A great number of foreign students from India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, the USA and Russian Federation study together with Armenian students. Nowadays the university is ranked among famous higher Medical Institutions and takes its honorable place in the World Directory of Medical Schools published by the WHO.", "title": "Armenia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts of the German language and elements of other European languages into a mixed language known as Yiddish. However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language.", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lyall Stuart Scott was educated at the High School of Glasgow and Strathallan School, Perthshire; graduating from the University of Glasgow in 1943. Thereafter, he joined the Royal Army Medical Corps, serving in Italy and Austria, where he was appointed Deputy Assistant Director of Medical Services for the Eighth Army.", "title": "Lyall Stuart Scott" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anne-Antoinette Diderot (born Anne-Antoinette Champion 22 February 1710 – 10 April 1796) was the wife of the pioneer encyclopedist Denis Diderot and the mother of his only surviving child, Marie-Angélique Diderot (1753–1824).", "title": "Anne-Antoinette Diderot" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "After having served in the Army, he was appointed in 1756 ambassador in Vienna, to emperor Francis I and to queen Maria Theresa of Hungary. In 1761, he was plenipotentiary to the Augsburg convention.", "title": "César Gabriel de Choiseul" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Rabeeya is an Iraqi Jew born in Baghdad, Iraq. He and his family later moved to Israel in about 1951. In about 1970, he moved to the United States. Over the years, Dr. Rabeeya has taught countless students, in all schooling environments-high school, university, and elementary school. He has grown to accept all different cultures and religions over his lifetime, as an Arab Jew. A prolific author, Dr. Rabeeya has written many books on many subjects, but they tend to focus on the Middle East and the relationship between Jews and other groups. He currently works as a teacher for Middle and High School students.", "title": "David Rabeeya" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emmanuel Louis Marie Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest (1789 – February 26, 1881), was a French politician and diplomat during the Bourbon Restoration. He was the son of François-Emmanuel Guignard, comte de Saint-Priest, one of King Louis XVI of France's last ministers. Born during the opening days of the French Revolution, he was the godson of Queen Marie Antoinette.", "title": "Emmanuel Louis Marie Guignard, vicomte de Saint-Priest" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences (BUFHS), also known as the Busitema University Medical School (BUMS) and the Busitema University School of Medicine (BUSM), is the school of medicine of Busitema University, one of Uganda's public universities. The medical school is one of the newer medical schools in the country, having been part of university since 2013. The school provides medical education at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.", "title": "Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most famous passage in Burke's Reflections was his description of the events of 5–6 October 1789 and the part of Marie-Antoinette in them. Burke's account differs little from modern historians who have used primary sources. His use of flowery language to describe it, however, provoked both praise and criticism. Philip Francis wrote to Burke saying that what he wrote of Marie-Antoinette was \"pure foppery\". Edward Gibbon, however, reacted differently: \"I adore his chivalry\". Burke was informed by an Englishman who had talked with the Duchesse de Biron, that when Marie-Antoinette was reading the passage, she burst into tears and took considerable time to finish reading it. Price had rejoiced that the French king had been \"led in triumph\" during the October Days, but to Burke this symbolised the opposing revolutionary sentiment of the Jacobins and the natural sentiments of those who shared his own view with horror—that the ungallant assault on Marie-Antoinette—was a cowardly attack on a defenceless woman.", "title": "Edmund Burke" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Liège, Belgium, to Antoine, comte de Mercy-Argenteau, and entered the diplomatic service of Austria in Paris in the train of Reichsfürst Kaunitz. He became Austrian minister in Turin at the court of King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, in St. Petersburg at the court of Catherine the Great, and then Paris at the court of King Louis XV of France in 1766. In Paris, his first work was to strengthen the alliance between France and Austria, which was cemented in 1770 by the marriage of the dauphin, afterwards Louis XVI, with Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria, youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa, afterwards known as Queen Marie Antoinette. When Louis and Marie Antoinette ascended the throne of France in 1774, Mercy-Argenteau became one of the most powerful personages at the French court due to his influence over Marie-Antoinette, which made her unpopular with the French nobility and French people. He was in Paris during the turbulent years that led up to the French Revolution, and gave powerful aid to the finance ministers Loménie de Brienne and Necker. In 1792, he became governor-general of the Austrian Netherlands, which had just been reduced to obedience by Austria. There, his ability and experience made him a very successful ruler. Although at first in favor of moderate courses, Mercy-Argenteau supported the action of Austria in making war upon its former ally after the outbreak of the French Revolution, and in July 1794, he was appointed Austrian ambassador to Britain, but he died a few days after his arrival in London.", "title": "Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Françoise Marie Antoinette Saucerotte, called Mlle Raucourt (3 March 1756 – 15 January 1815) was a French actress, engaged at the Comédie Française in 1772-1799, where she became famous as a tragedienne.", "title": "Mlle Raucourt" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marie-Jeanne Rose Bertin (2 July 1747, Abbeville, Picardy, France – 22 September 1813, Épinay-sur-Seine) was a French milliner (\"Marchandes de modes\"), known as the dressmaker to Queen Marie Antoinette. She was the first celebrated French fashion designer and is widely credited with having brought fashion and \"haute couture\" to the forefront of popular culture.", "title": "Rose Bertin" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Papa Roach", "id": 387712, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Jacoby Shaddix >> member of" }, { "answer": "California", "id": 132409, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "What city was #1 formed in?" }, { "answer": "San Diego", "id": 371500, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Veoh >> headquarters location" }, { "answer": "third-largest", "id": 35031, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "In the top five largest urban areas in #2 , where does #3 rank?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many Fortune 500 corporations are headquartered in New York City, as are a large number of foreign corporations. One out of ten private sector jobs in the city is with a foreign company. New York City has been ranked first among cities across the globe in attracting capital, business, and tourists. This ability to attract foreign investment helped New York City top the FDi Magazine American Cities of the Future ranking for 2013.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blue Springs is a city located in the U.S. state of Missouri and within Jackson County. Blue Springs is located 19 miles (31 km) east of downtown Kansas City, Missouri and is the eighth largest city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 United States Census the population was 52,575, tying it for 10th largest city in the state of Missouri with St. Peters. In 2010, CNN / Money Magazine ranked Blue Springs 49th on its list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States.", "title": "Blue Springs, Missouri" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population. The population grew following the 2010 Census, with the population estimated to have increased to 620,602 as of July 2014. As of 2014, the Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,322,429, and the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,459,758 (Chamber of Commerce) residents, making it Oklahoma's largest metropolitan area. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county or borough).", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Veoh is an Internet television company based in San Diego, California. It allows users to find and watch major studio content, independent productions and user-generated material. The company is a subsidiary of Israeli start-up Qlipso.", "title": "Veoh" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stretching west from the Blue Ridge for approximately 55 miles (89 km) is the Ridge and Valley region, in which numerous tributaries join to form the Tennessee River in the Tennessee Valley. This area of Tennessee is covered by fertile valleys separated by wooded ridges, such as Bays Mountain and Clinch Mountain. The western section of the Tennessee Valley, where the depressions become broader and the ridges become lower, is called the Great Valley. In this valley are numerous towns and two of the region's three urban areas, Knoxville, the 3rd largest city in the state, and Chattanooga, the 4th largest city in the state. The third urban area, the Tri-Cities, comprising Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport and their environs, is located to the northeast of Knoxville.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kathmandu(/ˌkɑːtmɑːnˈduː/; Nepali pronunciation: [kɑʈʰmɑɳɖu]) is the capital and largest municipality of Nepal. It also hosts the headquarters of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). It is the only city of Nepal with the administrative status of Mahanagar (Metropolitan City), as compared to Upa-Mahanagar (Sub-Metropolitan City) or Nagar (City). Kathmandu is the core of Nepal's largest urban agglomeration located in the Kathmandu Valley consisting of Lalitpur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi, Bhaktapur and a number of smaller communities. Kathmandu is also known informally as \"KTM\" or the \"tri-city\". According to the 2011 census, Kathmandu Metropolitan City has a population of 975,453 and measures 49.45 km2 (19.09 sq mi).", "title": "Kathmandu" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jakarta (/ dʒ əˈkɑːrtə /, Indonesian pronunciation: (dʒaˈkarta)), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, is the capital of Indonesia, which was formerly known as Batavia during Dutch East Indies and Sunda Kelapa during Sunda Kingdom. Located on the northwest coast of the world's most populous island of Java, Jakarta is the center of economics, culture and politics of Indonesia, with a population of 10,075,310 as of 2014. Greater Jakarta metropolitan area, which is known as Jabodetabek (a name formed by combining the initial syllables of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi), is the second largest urban agglomeration and 2nd largest city area in the world after Tokyo, with a population of 30,214,303 inhabitants as of 2010 census. Jakarta's business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over the Indonesian archipelago, making it a melting pot of many communities and cultures. Jakarta is officially a province with special capital region status, yet is commonly referred to as a city. The Jakarta provincial government administers five administrative cities and one administrative regency.", "title": "Jakarta" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther.", "title": "Papa Roach" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States, and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008[update], the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the 44th-largest in the world.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2017 population of 8,622,698 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles (784 km), New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world's most populous megacities, with an estimated 20,320,876 people in its 2017 Metropolitan Statistical Area and 23,876,155 residents in its Combined Statistical Area. A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, and sports. The city's fast pace defines the term New York minute. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charleston is the oldest and largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston -- North Charleston -- Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper rivers. Charleston had an estimated population of 134,385 in 2016. The estimated population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties, was 761,155 residents in 2016, the third - largest in the state and the 78th - largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miami (/maɪˈæmi/; Spanish pronunciation: [maiˈami]) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the seat of Miami-Dade County. The 44th-most populated city proper in the United States, with a population of 430,332, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the Miami metropolitan area, and the second most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States after Washington, D.C. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the eighth-most populous and fourth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Baylor College of Medicine has annually been considered within the top ten medical schools in the nation; likewise, the MD Anderson Cancer Center has consistently ranked as one of the top two U.S. hospitals specializing in cancer care by U.S. News & World Report since 1990. The Menninger Clinic, a renowned psychiatric treatment center, is affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital System. With hospital locations nationwide and headquarters in Houston, the Triumph Healthcare hospital system is the third largest long term acute care provider nationally.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Shaddix served as the host of the MTV show \"Scarred\" for the entirety of the show's cycle, presenting both seasons and all 20 episodes of the show, which spanned from April 10 to September 18, 2007. Shaddix would ultimately leave the show due to touring demands with Papa Roach. The name of the show was based on the Papa Roach song \"Scars\".", "title": "Jacoby Shaddix" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dharwad is the district headquarters of Dharwad district in the state of Karnataka, India. It was merged with the city of Hubballi in 1961 to form the twin cities of Hubballi-Dharwad. It covers an area of 200.23 km² and is located 430 km northwest of Bengaluru, on NH-48, between Bengaluru and Pune.", "title": "Dharwad" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city management and urban policy program was ranked first in the nation, and the special education program second, by U.S. News & World Report's 2016 rankings. USN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U.S. universities.", "title": "University of Kansas" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Southern California consists of a heavily developed urban environment, home to some of the largest urban areas in the state, along with vast areas that have been left undeveloped. It is the third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis. Much of southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways. The dominant areas are Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, and Riverside-San Bernardino, each of which is the center of its respective metropolitan area, composed of numerous smaller cities and communities. The urban area is also host to an international metropolitan region in the form of San Diego–Tijuana, created by the urban area spilling over into Baja California.", "title": "Southern California" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2017 population of 8,622,698 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles (784 km), New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world's most populous metacities, with an estimated 20.3 million people in its 2017 Metropolitan Statistical Area and 23.7 million residents in its Combined Statistical Area. A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, and sports. The city's fast pace defines the term New York minute. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ranipet also known as Ranipettai (lit. Queen's colony) is a suburb town and industrial hub of Vellore city in the state of Tamil Nadu in southern India. It is a medium-sized community located about 20 kilometers from the Vellore city center (from Vellore Fort) and also Ranipet is a part of vellore metropolitan area and 100 kilometers from Chennai, the fourth largest urban area in India. It is a major industrial town located on NH 4 Chennai-Bangalore highway.", "title": "Ranipet" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Guadalajara", "id": 606685, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Sergio Villanueva >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "North America", "id": 508773, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "#1 >> continent" }, { "answer": "John Cabot", "id": 85832, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Cabot", "id": 745702, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "#3 >> child" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón (; Palos de la Frontera, Spain, c. 1462 – after 1514) was a Spanish navigator, explorer, and \"conquistador\", the younger of the Pinzón brothers. Along with his older brother, Martín Alonso Pinzón (\"c.\" 1441 – \"c.\" 1493), who captained the \"Pinta\", he sailed with Christopher Columbus on the first voyage to the New World, in 1492, as captain of the \"Niña\".", "title": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pennell Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. To the west of Cape Williams lies Oates Coast, and to the east and south of Cape Adare lies Borchgrevink Coast. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Lieutenant Harry Pennell, Royal Navy, commander of the Terra Nova, the expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Pennell engaged in oceanographic work in the Ross Sea during this period. In February 1911 he sailed along this coast in exploration and an endeavor to land the Northern Party led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell.", "title": "Pennell Coast" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea. After that, Janszoon crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea into the Gulf of Carpentaria, without being aware of the existence of Torres Strait. The Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in February 1606, a few months before Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through it. On 26 February 1606, Janzoon made landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of Cape York in Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea.", "title": "Willem Janszoon" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The recorded history of Maryland dates back to when Europeans began exploring the area, starting with the Italian / Venetian John Cabot (c. 1450 -- c. 1500), exploring the coast of the continent of North America for England in 1498. The first European settlements were made in 1634, when the English arrived in significant numbers and created a permanent colony. Maryland was notable for having been established with religious freedom for Roman Catholics. Like other colonies of the Chesapeake Bay, its economy was based on tobacco as a commodity crop, cultivated primarily by African slave labor, although many young people came from Britain as indentured servants in the early years.", "title": "History of Maryland" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gibbs Point, a rock point on the Antarctic Peninsula, the most northern area of the continent of Antarctica, was named for African American Antarctic explorer, George W. Gibbs, Jr. on September 2, 2009. On that date, the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (U.S. Board on Geographic Names) confirmed the place name in Antarctica for Gibbs as the first black explorer to set foot on the continent. Gibbs Point is a rock point forming the northwest entrance to Gaul Cove, on the northeast of Horseshoe Island, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula.", "title": "Gibbs Point" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.", "title": "David Melgueiro" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500.", "title": "Exploration of North America" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pedro Álvares Cabral (European Portuguese: (ˈpeðɾu ˈaɫvɐr (ɨ) ʃ kɐˈβɾaɫ) or Brazilian Portuguese: (ˈpedɾu ˈawvaɾis kaˈbɾaw); c. 1467 or 1468 -- c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil. In 1500 Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal. While details of Cabral's early life remain unclear, it is known that he came from a minor noble family and received a good education. He was appointed to head an expedition to India in 1500, following Vasco da Gama's newly - opened route around Africa. The undertaking had the aim of returning with valuable spices and of establishing trade relations in India -- bypassing the monopoly on the spice trade then in the hands of Arab, Turkish and Italian merchants. Although the previous expedition of Vasco da Gama to India, on its sea route, had recorded signs of land west of the southern Atlantic Ocean (in 1497), Cabral is regarded as the first captain who ever touched four continents, leading the first expedition that united Europe, Africa, America, and Asia.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Notable Greek seafarers include people such as Pytheas of Marseilles, Scylax of Caryanda who sailed to Iberia and beyond, Nearchus, the 6th century merchant and later monk Cosmas Indicopleustes (Cosmas who sailed to India) and the explorer of the Northwestern passage Juan de Fuca. In later times, the Romioi plied the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean and controlled trade until an embargo imposed by the Roman Emperor on trade with the Caliphate opened the door for the later Italian pre-eminence in trade.", "title": "Greeks" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia (1770 in Genoa – September 7, 1845 in Paris) was an explorer, navigator and Italian Egyptologist. He was one of the pioneers of Egyptian archeology of his time. He was influential in the excavation of the Sphinx of Giza near Cairo.", "title": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.", "title": "History of the west coast of North America" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.", "title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.", "title": "John Cabot" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sergio Villanueva (born 21 September 1988 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican professional boxer in the Featherweight division. Villanueva is promoted by current WBC Champion, Mexican Saúl Álvarez' company Canelo Promotions.", "title": "Sergio Villanueva" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sergio Furlan (born 29 February 1940) is an Italian former sailor who competed in the 1964 Summer Olympics. Aged 24, he represented Italy in the Mixed Three Person Keelboat where his team placed 6th.", "title": "Sergio Furlan" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.", "title": "Paula Santiago" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Guadalajara", "id": 711773, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Manuel Balbi >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "North America", "id": 508773, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "#1 >> continent" }, { "answer": "John Cabot", "id": 85832, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Cabot", "id": 745702, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "#3 >> child" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.", "title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pennell Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. To the west of Cape Williams lies Oates Coast, and to the east and south of Cape Adare lies Borchgrevink Coast. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Lieutenant Harry Pennell, Royal Navy, commander of the Terra Nova, the expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Pennell engaged in oceanographic work in the Ross Sea during this period. In February 1911 he sailed along this coast in exploration and an endeavor to land the Northern Party led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell.", "title": "Pennell Coast" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.", "title": "History of the west coast of North America" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Balbi Holy Conversation (, also known as Titian Madonna and Child with Sts Catherine and Dominic and a Donor) is an oil painting by the Italian late Renaissance painter Titian, dated to around 1513, and now held at the Fondazione Magnani-Rocca in Traversetolo, near Parma, northern Italy.", "title": "Balbi Holy Conversation" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The recorded history of Maryland dates back to when Europeans began exploring the area, starting with the Italian / Venetian John Cabot (c. 1450 -- c. 1500), exploring the coast of the continent of North America for England in 1498. The first European settlements were made in 1634, when the English arrived in significant numbers and created a permanent colony. Maryland was notable for having been established with religious freedom for Roman Catholics. Like other colonies of the Chesapeake Bay, its economy was based on tobacco as a commodity crop, cultivated primarily by African slave labor, although many young people came from Britain as indentured servants in the early years.", "title": "History of Maryland" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.", "title": "David Melgueiro" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.", "title": "Paula Santiago" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón (; Palos de la Frontera, Spain, c. 1462 – after 1514) was a Spanish navigator, explorer, and \"conquistador\", the younger of the Pinzón brothers. Along with his older brother, Martín Alonso Pinzón (\"c.\" 1441 – \"c.\" 1493), who captained the \"Pinta\", he sailed with Christopher Columbus on the first voyage to the New World, in 1492, as captain of the \"Niña\".", "title": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Manuel Balbi (born March 13, 1978, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico), is a Mexican actor, known for Seres: Genesis (2010), Casi treinta (2014) and Agua y aceite (2002).", "title": "Manuel Balbi" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frederick de Houtman (1571 – 21 October 1627), or Frederik de Houtman, was a Dutch explorer who sailed along the Western coast of Australia en route to Batavia, known today as Jakarta in Indonesia. He made observations of the southern stars and possibly contributed to the creation of 12 new southern constellations.", "title": "Frederick de Houtman" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Notable Greek seafarers include people such as Pytheas of Marseilles, Scylax of Caryanda who sailed to Iberia and beyond, Nearchus, the 6th century merchant and later monk Cosmas Indicopleustes (Cosmas who sailed to India) and the explorer of the Northwestern passage Juan de Fuca. In later times, the Romioi plied the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean and controlled trade until an embargo imposed by the Roman Emperor on trade with the Caliphate opened the door for the later Italian pre-eminence in trade.", "title": "Greeks" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration.", "title": "Wilkins Runway" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.", "title": "John Cabot" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea. After that, Janszoon crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea into the Gulf of Carpentaria, without being aware of the existence of Torres Strait. The Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in February 1606, a few months before Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through it. On 26 February 1606, Janzoon made landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of Cape York in Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea.", "title": "Willem Janszoon" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pedro Álvares Cabral (European Portuguese: (ˈpeðɾu ˈaɫvɐr (ɨ) ʃ kɐˈβɾaɫ) or Brazilian Portuguese: (ˈpedɾu ˈawvaɾis kaˈbɾaw); c. 1467 or 1468 -- c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil. In 1500 Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal. While details of Cabral's early life remain unclear, it is known that he came from a minor noble family and received a good education. He was appointed to head an expedition to India in 1500, following Vasco da Gama's newly - opened route around Africa. The undertaking had the aim of returning with valuable spices and of establishing trade relations in India -- bypassing the monopoly on the spice trade then in the hands of Arab, Turkish and Italian merchants. Although the previous expedition of Vasco da Gama to India, on its sea route, had recorded signs of land west of the southern Atlantic Ocean (in 1497), Cabral is regarded as the first captain who ever touched four continents, leading the first expedition that united Europe, Africa, America, and Asia.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia (1770 in Genoa – September 7, 1845 in Paris) was an explorer, navigator and Italian Egyptologist. He was one of the pioneers of Egyptian archeology of his time. He was influential in the excavation of the Sphinx of Giza near Cairo.", "title": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Markus Zusak", "id": 58323, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "who wrote the book thief soon to appear as a film" }, { "answer": "Australia", "id": 375563, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "#1 >> country of citizenship" }, { "answer": "New Zealand", "id": 161848, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "What country located near #2 was a first time participant in these games?" }, { "answer": "four", "id": 67585, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "how many stars feature on the flag of #3" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forty - three countries participated in the contest, equalling the record of the 2008 and 2011 editions. Russia returned after their absence from the previous edition, and for the first time since 2011, no country withdrew from the contest.", "title": "Eurovision Song Contest 2018" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tucker was born in Arizona and graduated from New York University. After the short subject film \"The Mountain King\", which was screened at over 31 international festivals, he wrote and directed his first feature film, \"Transamerica\". His book \"Many Fish\" is published by Ascent, and his photos and pictures are exhibited at many New York art galleries.", "title": "Duncan Tucker" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of countries and territories with a flag that incorporates the Union Jack. Six Commonwealth nations have the Union Jack on their national flag. The first Commonwealth country to drop the Union Jack was Canada in 1965, after adopting a new national flag. The most recent country to drop the Union Jack from its flag was South Africa in 1994, after adopting a new national flag. The only overseas territory without the Union Jack on its current flag is Gibraltar.", "title": "List of countries and territories with the Union Jack displayed on their flag" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kamilla and the Thief (\"Kamilla og Tyven\") is a Norwegian family movie from 1988 directed by Grete Salomonsen and produced by her husband Odd Hynnekleiv. The movie is an adaption from a Norwegian children's novel by Kari Vinje, and is the first feature film of renowned Norwegian actor Dennis Storhøi and also stars 1980s pop idol Morten Harket in a minor role. \"Kamilla and the Thief\" was a huge success in Norway, selling half a million tickets (in a country of about 4 million people). It was so popular that a sequel was made, Kamilla and the Thief II, which was released the year after. In 2005 both movies were digitally restored and released on DVD.", "title": "Kamilla and the Thief" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The flag of Israel, depicting a blue Star of David on a white background, between two horizontal blue stripes was adopted on October 28, 1948, five months after the country's establishment. The origins of the flag's design date from the First Zionist Congress in 1897; the flag has subsequently been known as the ``flag of Zion ''.", "title": "Star of David" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Many flags of the Islamic world are green, as the color is considered sacred in Islam (see below). The flag of Hamas, as well as the flag of Iran, is green, symbolizing their Islamist ideology. The 1977 flag of Libya consisted of a simple green field with no other characteristics. It was the only national flag in the world with just one color and no design, insignia, or other details. Some countries used green in their flags to represent their country's lush vegetation, as in the flag of Jamaica, and hope in the future, as in the flags of Portugal and Nigeria. The green cedar of Lebanon tree on the Flag of Lebanon officially represents steadiness and tolerance.", "title": "Green" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.", "title": "The Messenger (Zusak novel)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams.", "title": "The Book Thief (film)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The book was published in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury and in the United States by Scholastic; in both countries the release date was 8 July 2000, the first time a book in the series was published in both countries at the same time. The novel won a Hugo Award, the only Harry Potter novel to do so, in 2001. The book was made into a film, which was released worldwide on 18 November 2005, and a video game by Electronic Arts.", "title": "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Helen Epstein (born 1961) is an American writer, molecular biologist, and independent consultant specializing in public health in developing countries. She has conducted research on reproductive health and AIDS in Africa for such organizations as the Rockefeller Foundation, the Population Council, and Human Rights Watch, and her articles have appeared in \"The New York Review of Books\", \"The New York Times Magazine\", \"Granta Magazine\", and many other publications. Her research interests include the right to health care in developing countries and the relationship between poverty and health in industrialized countries.", "title": "Helen Epstein (HIV/AIDS journalist)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Book Thief Theatrical release poster Directed by Brian Percival Produced by Karen Rosenfelt Ken Blancato Screenplay by Michael Petroni Trudy White (novel) Based on The Book Thief by Markus Zusak Starring Geoffrey Rush Emily Watson Sophie Nélisse Narrated by Roger Allam Music by John Williams Cinematography Florian Ballhaus Edited by John Wilson Production company Fox 2000 Pictures Sunswept Entertainment Studio Babelsberg TSG Entertainment Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date October 3, 2013 (2013 - 10 - 03) (Mill Valley Film Festival) November 27, 2013 (2013 - 11 - 27) (United States) Running time 130 minutes Country United States Germany Language English German Budget $19 million Box office $76.6 million", "title": "The Book Thief (film)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.", "title": "1952 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A record total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 member nations of the Asian Games Federation participated in the Games. The number of participating countries was also greatest in comparison to the first two editions of the Games.", "title": "1958 Asian Games" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1923, the National Flag Conference called for the words ``my Flag ''to be changed to`` the Flag of the United States,'' so that new immigrants would not confuse loyalties between their birth countries and the US. The words ``of America ''were added a year later. Congress officially recognized the Pledge for the first time, in the following form, on June 22, 1942:", "title": "Pledge of Allegiance" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "New Zealand Use National flag and state ensign Proportion 1: 2 Adopted 24 March 1902 In use since 1869 Design A Blue Ensign with the Southern Cross of four white - edged red five - pointed stars centered on the outer half of the flag.", "title": "Flag of New Zealand" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China became a red flag with a large star symbolizing the Communist Party, and smaller stars symbolizing workers, peasants, the urban middle class and rural middle class. The flag of the Communist Party of China became a red banner with a hammer and sickle, similar to that on the Soviet flag. In the 1950s and 1960s, other Communist regimes such as Vietnam and Laos also adopted red flags. Some Communist countries, such as Cuba, chose to keep their old flags; and other countries used red flags which had nothing to do with Communism or socialism; the red flag of Nepal, for instance, represents the national flower.", "title": "Red" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Being the host nation, Australia sent a contingent of 474 athletes, participating in all of the 18 sports staged. Though only 469 competed. This was the highest number of athletes to represent Australia in a Commonwealth Games ever, eclipsing their previous record of 417 athletes at the 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games. Hockey athlete Mark Knowles was the country's flag bearer during the opening ceremony.", "title": "Australia at the 2018 Commonwealth Games" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Ticks ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in March 2007 as the first single from the album 5th Gear. It reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart and was featured as a downloadable track for the video game Guitar Hero: World Tour. Paisley wrote this song with Kelley Lovelace and Tim Owens.", "title": "Ticks (song)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Demon Thief is a book in Darren Shan's \"Demonata\" series. Though it is the second book in the series, it is a prequel to \"Lord Loss\", the first book in the series. The protagonist is also different from that of the first book. The narrator here is a new character called Kernel Fleck, as opposed to Grubbs Grady, the protagonist of the first book. Demon Thief takes place about thirty years before \"Lord Loss\" so most of the characters from the first book did not appear, though a few did. It was also actually the sixth book of the Demonata to be written, although it was the second released.", "title": "Demon Thief" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each country's delegation is led by a sign with the name of their country and by their nation's flag. Traditionally, Greece always enters first and leads the parade because of its historical status as the progenitor of the Olympics, and the host nation enters last. All other participating teams enter after Greece and before the host nation, in order according to a language selected by the organizing committee for those games, which is usually the dominant language in the area of the host city. Announcers announce each country's name in English, French and the dominant language of the area of the host city, if neither English nor French is the dominant language.", "title": "Olympic Games ceremony" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Markus Zusak", "id": 58323, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "who wrote the book thief soon to appear as a film" }, { "answer": "Australia", "id": 375563, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "#1 >> country of citizenship" }, { "answer": "New Zealand", "id": 161848, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "What country located near #2 was a first time participant in these games?" }, { "answer": "submerged continent of Zealandia", "id": 61344, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "#3 is a part of what continent" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Continent Makers is a science fiction novella by American writers L. Sprague de Camp, part of his \"Viagens Interplanetarias\" series. It was first published in the magazine \"Thrilling Wonder Stories\" in the issue for April, 1951. It first appeared in book form in the collection \"The Continent Makers and Other Tales of the Viagens\", published in hardcover by Twayne Publishers in 1953, and in paperback by Signet Books in 1971. It has also been translated into Portuguese, Dutch, and Italian.", "title": "The Continent Makers" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Penstrowed near Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Lewis was educated at Levana School, Wimbledon, and Westfield College, London. She had a long period of work on the \"Sunday Times\", where she became assistant editor, and from 1944 until her death in 1979 she also wrote for the magazine \"Country Life\".", "title": "Eiluned Lewis" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Book Thief Theatrical release poster Directed by Brian Percival Produced by Karen Rosenfelt Ken Blancato Screenplay by Michael Petroni Trudy White (novel) Based on The Book Thief by Markus Zusak Starring Geoffrey Rush Emily Watson Sophie Nélisse Narrated by Roger Allam Music by John Williams Cinematography Florian Ballhaus Edited by John Wilson Production company Fox 2000 Pictures Sunswept Entertainment Studio Babelsberg TSG Entertainment Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date October 3, 2013 (2013 - 10 - 03) (Mill Valley Film Festival) November 27, 2013 (2013 - 11 - 27) (United States) Running time 130 minutes Country United States Germany Language English German Budget $19 million Box office $76.6 million", "title": "The Book Thief (film)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Ticks ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in March 2007 as the first single from the album 5th Gear. It reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart and was featured as a downloadable track for the video game Guitar Hero: World Tour. Paisley wrote this song with Kelley Lovelace and Tim Owens.", "title": "Ticks (song)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.", "title": "1952 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brazil won the tournament after beating Italy 3 -- 2 in a penalty shootout at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California near Los Angeles, after the game had ended 0 -- 0 after extra time. It was the first World Cup final to be decided on penalties. The victory made Brazil the first nation to win four World Cup titles. Greece, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia made their first appearances at the tournament, as did Russia, following the breakup of the Soviet Union. A united Germany team took part in the tournament, as the country was reunified in 1990, a few months after West Germany's victory in the 1990 World Cup.", "title": "1994 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The book was published in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury and in the United States by Scholastic; in both countries the release date was 8 July 2000, the first time a book in the series was published in both countries at the same time. The novel won a Hugo Award, the only Harry Potter novel to do so, in 2001. The book was made into a film, which was released worldwide on 18 November 2005, and a video game by Electronic Arts.", "title": "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Where Dead Voices Gather is a book by Nick Tosches. It is, in part, a biography of Emmett Miller, one of the last minstrel singers. Just as importantly, it depicts Tosches' search for information about Miller, about whom he initially wrote in his book \"Country: The Twisted Roots of Rock and Roll\". It is also a study of minstrelsy and its connection to American folk music, country music, the blues and ultimately, rock and roll. In that way, it is a companion volume to his other books of music journalism, \"Country\" and \"Unsung Heroes of Rock N' Roll\".", "title": "Where Dead Voices Gather" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Demon Thief is a book in Darren Shan's \"Demonata\" series. Though it is the second book in the series, it is a prequel to \"Lord Loss\", the first book in the series. The protagonist is also different from that of the first book. The narrator here is a new character called Kernel Fleck, as opposed to Grubbs Grady, the protagonist of the first book. Demon Thief takes place about thirty years before \"Lord Loss\" so most of the characters from the first book did not appear, though a few did. It was also actually the sixth book of the Demonata to be written, although it was the second released.", "title": "Demon Thief" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of island countries. An island is a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists of thousands of islands). Others consist of a single island, such as Nauru, or part of an island, such as Haiti. Although Australia is designated as a continent, it is often referred to as an island, as it has no land borders. Some declared island countries are not universally recognized as politically independent, such as Northern Cyprus. Some states, such as Taiwan, officially claim to hold continental territories but are de facto limited to control over islands.", "title": "List of island countries" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The participating countries were Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay thus making this the first edition in which more than five teams took part of the event.", "title": "1937 South American Championship" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forty - three countries participated in the contest, equalling the record of the 2008 and 2011 editions. Russia returned after their absence from the previous edition, and for the first time since 2011, no country withdrew from the contest.", "title": "Eurovision Song Contest 2018" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, appearing only in the Winter Olympic Games that year. Eight years later in 1972, the nation first participated at the Summer Olympic Games. Since then, the nation has appeared in every Summer Games, except when North Korea joined the Soviet - led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea.", "title": "North Korea at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "New Zealand is not part of the continent of Australia, but of the separate, submerged continent of Zealandia. New Zealand and Australia are both part of the Oceanian sub-region known as Australasia, with New Guinea being in Melanesia. The term Oceania is often used to denote the region encompassing the Australian continent and various islands in the Pacific Ocean that are not included in the seven - continent model.", "title": "Australia (continent)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams.", "title": "The Book Thief (film)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A record total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 member nations of the Asian Games Federation participated in the Games. The number of participating countries was also greatest in comparison to the first two editions of the Games.", "title": "1958 Asian Games" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.", "title": "The Messenger (Zusak novel)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albania first participated at the Summer Olympic Games in 1972. They missed the next four games, two of them due to the 1980 and 1984 boycotts, but returned for the 1992 games in Barcelona. They have appeared in all games since then. They made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 2006. Albania normally competes in events that include swimming, athletics, weightlifting, shooting and wrestling. The country has not yet won an Olympic medal, and along with Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is the only European non-microstate without an Olympic medal. They have been represented by the Albanian National Olympic Committee since 1972.", "title": "Albania at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Soon\" is a song written by Bob Regan and Casey Kelly, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. It was released in October 1993 as the first single and title track from the album \"Soon\". The song reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "title": "Soon (Tanya Tucker song)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfred Mayssonnié, nicknamed \"Maysso\" (10 February 1884 – 6 September 1914), was a French rugby union player who appeared three times for the country's national team, and was also the first rugby international from any country to die in action in World War I. A native of Lavernose, a village near Toulouse, he played as scrum-half and fly-half and is credited to this day by Stade Toulousain as the strategist of the club's first great teams in the early 20th century.", "title": "Alfred Mayssonnié" } ]

[ "Zealandia" ]

[ { "answer": "Papa Roach", "id": 373573, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Still Swingin' >> performer" }, { "answer": "California", "id": 132409, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "What city was #1 formed in?" }, { "answer": "San Diego", "id": 223216, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Pathology >> location of formation" }, { "answer": "third-largest", "id": 35031, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "In the top five largest urban areas in #2 , where does #3 rank?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City is the principal city of the eight-county Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area in Central Oklahoma and is the state's largest urbanized area. Based on population rank, the metropolitan area was the 42nd largest in the nation as of 2012.", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miami (/maɪˈæmi/; Spanish pronunciation: [maiˈami]) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the seat of Miami-Dade County. The 44th-most populated city proper in the United States, with a population of 430,332, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the Miami metropolitan area, and the second most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States after Washington, D.C. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the eighth-most populous and fourth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States, and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008[update], the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the 44th-largest in the world.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population. The population grew following the 2010 Census, with the population estimated to have increased to 620,602 as of July 2014. As of 2014, the Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,322,429, and the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,459,758 (Chamber of Commerce) residents, making it Oklahoma's largest metropolitan area. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county or borough).", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Orange County is included in the Los Angeles - Long Beach - Anaheim, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area. Thirty - four incorporated cities are located in the county; the newest is Aliso Viejo, which was incorporated in 2001. Anaheim was the first city, incorporated in 1870, when the region was still part of neighboring Los Angeles County. Whereas most population centers in the United States tend to be identified by a major city, there is no defined urban center in Orange County. It is mostly suburban except for some traditionally urban areas at the centers of the older cities of Anaheim, Fullerton, Huntington Beach, Orange, and Santa Ana. There are several edge city - style developments such as Irvine Business Center, Newport Center, and South Coast Metro.", "title": "Orange County, California" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prior to moving its headquarters to Chicago, aerospace manufacturer Boeing (#30) was the largest company based in Seattle. Its largest division is still headquartered in nearby Renton, and the company has large aircraft manufacturing plants in Everett and Renton, so it remains the largest private employer in the Seattle metropolitan area. Former Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels announced a desire to spark a new economic boom driven by the biotechnology industry in 2006. Major redevelopment of the South Lake Union neighborhood is underway, in an effort to attract new and established biotech companies to the city, joining biotech companies Corixa (acquired by GlaxoSmithKline), Immunex (now part of Amgen), Trubion, and ZymoGenetics. Vulcan Inc., the holding company of billionaire Paul Allen, is behind most of the development projects in the region. While some see the new development as an economic boon, others have criticized Nickels and the Seattle City Council for pandering to Allen's interests at taxpayers' expense. Also in 2006, Expansion Magazine ranked Seattle among the top 10 metropolitan areas in the nation for climates favorable to business expansion. In 2005, Forbes ranked Seattle as the most expensive American city for buying a house based on the local income levels. In 2013, however, the magazine ranked Seattle No. 9 on its list of the Best Places for Business and Careers.", "title": "Seattle" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KMJQ, (Majic 102.1), is an Urban Adult Contemporary-formatted radio station located in Houston, Texas. Owned by Radio One, it is one of the most well-programmed heritage urban contemporary stations in the U.S. and has a strong listenership repertoire among listeners in Houston. Co-owned with KBXX and KROI, its studios are located in the Greenway Plaza district, and its 100 kW transmitter is based outside Missouri City, Texas. It is one of the high-ranking stations in Greater Houston, commanding a Top 5 position according to Arbitron, with KMJQ sometimes reaching number-one on many reports.", "title": "KMJQ" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WEBZ is a commercial Urban Adult Contemporary radio station located in Mexico Beach, Florida (Panama City metro). Owned by iHeartMedia, the station broadcasts at 99.3 MHz. WEBZ airs an Urban Adult Contemporary format branded as \"99-3 The Beat\".", "title": "WEBZ" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blue Springs is a city located in the U.S. state of Missouri and within Jackson County. Blue Springs is located 19 miles (31 km) east of downtown Kansas City, Missouri and is the eighth largest city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 United States Census the population was 52,575, tying it for 10th largest city in the state of Missouri with St. Peters. In 2010, CNN / Money Magazine ranked Blue Springs 49th on its list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States.", "title": "Blue Springs, Missouri" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chinatown (Chinese: 雪梨華埠 or 悉尼唐人街) is an urban locality in the southern part of the Sydney central business district, in New South Wales, Australia. It is located in Haymarket, between Central station and Darling Harbour. It is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney and is Australia's largest Chinatown.", "title": "Chinatown, Sydney" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther.", "title": "Papa Roach" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KKSS (97.3 FM) is a commercial radio station located in Santa Fe, New Mexico, broadcasting to the Santa Fe and Albuquerque, New Mexico, area. KKSS airs an urban-leaning rhythmic Top 40 music format branded as \"Kiss 97.3\". Owned by American General Media, its studios are located in Northeast Albuquerque (a mile north of Central Avenue) and the transmitter tower is located west of Los Alamos.", "title": "KKSS" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jakarta (/ dʒ əˈkɑːrtə /, Indonesian pronunciation: (dʒaˈkarta)), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, is the capital of Indonesia, which was formerly known as Batavia during Dutch East Indies and Sunda Kelapa during Sunda Kingdom. Located on the northwest coast of the world's most populous island of Java, Jakarta is the center of economics, culture and politics of Indonesia, with a population of 10,075,310 as of 2014. Greater Jakarta metropolitan area, which is known as Jabodetabek (a name formed by combining the initial syllables of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi), is the second largest urban agglomeration and 2nd largest city area in the world after Tokyo, with a population of 30,214,303 inhabitants as of 2010 census. Jakarta's business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over the Indonesian archipelago, making it a melting pot of many communities and cultures. Jakarta is officially a province with special capital region status, yet is commonly referred to as a city. The Jakarta provincial government administers five administrative cities and one administrative regency.", "title": "Jakarta" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city management and urban policy program was ranked first in the nation, and the special education program second, by U.S. News & World Report's 2016 rankings. USN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U.S. universities.", "title": "University of Kansas" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Still Swingin' is a song by the American rock band Papa Roach released as the first single from their album \"The Connection\" on June 24, 2012. The single was well received by the fans for the return of the rap-style vocals of the band's early work. The track was produced by Tylias, an indie dubstep and hip-hop producer from the underground of the music scene. The embrace of this aggregate had polarized opinions, some calling it new and fresh to the songs and another calling it an aberration of their style and even the band, but mostly it was well received. A music video was released on August 30 as lead singer Jacoby Shaddix recovered from a vocal surgery.", "title": "Still Swingin'" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pathology is an American death metal band from San Diego, California, formed in 2006 by drummer Dave Astor (previously with The Locust and Cattle Decapitation). The band were signed to Victory Records for an over three-year period, but now are currently signed to Sevared Records, an independent New York-based death metal label.", "title": "Pathology (band)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Southern California consists of a heavily developed urban environment, home to some of the largest urban areas in the state, along with vast areas that have been left undeveloped. It is the third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis. Much of southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways. The dominant areas are Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, and Riverside-San Bernardino, each of which is the center of its respective metropolitan area, composed of numerous smaller cities and communities. The urban area is also host to an international metropolitan region in the form of San Diego–Tijuana, created by the urban area spilling over into Baja California.", "title": "Southern California" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lorain City School District is a public school district serving the city of Lorain, Ohio, which is located 25 miles west of Cleveland. The district is the tenth largest urban school district in the State of Ohio.", "title": "Lorain City School District" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The state has one city with a population exceeding one million: Ciudad Juárez. Ciudad Juárez is ranked eighth most populous city in the country and Chihuahua City was ranked 16th most populous in Mexico. Chihuahua (along with Baja California) is the only state in Mexico to have two cities ranked in the top 20 most populated. El Paso and Ciudad Juárez comprise one of the largest binational metropolitan areas in the world with a combined population of 2.4 million. In fact, Ciudad Juárez is one of the fastest growing cities in the world in spite of the fact that it is \"the most violent zone in the world outside of declared war zones\". For instance, a few years ago the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas published that in Ciudad Juárez \"the average annual growth over the 10-year period 1990–2000 was 5.3 percent. Juárez experienced much higher population growth than the state of Chihuahua and than Mexico as a whole\". Chihuahua City has one of the highest literacy rates in the country at 98%; 35% of the population is aged 14 or below, 60% 15-65, and 5% over 65. The growth rate is 2.4%. The 76.5% of the population of the state of Chihuahua live in cities which makes the state one of the most urbanized in Mexico.", "title": "Chihuahua (state)" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Guadalajara", "id": 341777, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Eduardo Cuervo >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "North America", "id": 508773, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "#1 >> continent" }, { "answer": "John Cabot", "id": 85832, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Cabot", "id": 745702, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "#3 >> child" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.", "title": "Paula Santiago" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration.", "title": "Wilkins Runway" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The recorded history of Maryland dates back to when Europeans began exploring the area, starting with the Italian / Venetian John Cabot (c. 1450 -- c. 1500), exploring the coast of the continent of North America for England in 1498. The first European settlements were made in 1634, when the English arrived in significant numbers and created a permanent colony. Maryland was notable for having been established with religious freedom for Roman Catholics. Like other colonies of the Chesapeake Bay, its economy was based on tobacco as a commodity crop, cultivated primarily by African slave labor, although many young people came from Britain as indentured servants in the early years.", "title": "History of Maryland" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Eduardo Cuervo (born August 2, 1977 in Guadalajara, Jalisco) is a Mexican actor. Best known for his participation in various telenovelas produced by Televisa, such as Abrázame muy fuerte, Amigas y Rivales, and Mujer de Madera.", "title": "Eduardo Cuervo" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frederick de Houtman (1571 – 21 October 1627), or Frederik de Houtman, was a Dutch explorer who sailed along the Western coast of Australia en route to Batavia, known today as Jakarta in Indonesia. He made observations of the southern stars and possibly contributed to the creation of 12 new southern constellations.", "title": "Frederick de Houtman" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 on an expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias. Just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of Manuel I of Portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continuing to the eastern coast of Africa to Malindi to sail across the Indian Ocean to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast. in south India -- the capital of the local Zamorin rulers. The wealth of the Indies was now open for the Europeans to explore; the Portuguese Empire was the earliest European seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade.", "title": "Spice trade" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón (; Palos de la Frontera, Spain, c. 1462 – after 1514) was a Spanish navigator, explorer, and \"conquistador\", the younger of the Pinzón brothers. Along with his older brother, Martín Alonso Pinzón (\"c.\" 1441 – \"c.\" 1493), who captained the \"Pinta\", he sailed with Christopher Columbus on the first voyage to the New World, in 1492, as captain of the \"Niña\".", "title": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea. After that, Janszoon crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea into the Gulf of Carpentaria, without being aware of the existence of Torres Strait. The Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in February 1606, a few months before Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through it. On 26 February 1606, Janzoon made landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of Cape York in Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea.", "title": "Willem Janszoon" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.", "title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.", "title": "History of the west coast of North America" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Notable Greek seafarers include people such as Pytheas of Marseilles, Scylax of Caryanda who sailed to Iberia and beyond, Nearchus, the 6th century merchant and later monk Cosmas Indicopleustes (Cosmas who sailed to India) and the explorer of the Northwestern passage Juan de Fuca. In later times, the Romioi plied the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean and controlled trade until an embargo imposed by the Roman Emperor on trade with the Caliphate opened the door for the later Italian pre-eminence in trade.", "title": "Greeks" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pennell Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. To the west of Cape Williams lies Oates Coast, and to the east and south of Cape Adare lies Borchgrevink Coast. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Lieutenant Harry Pennell, Royal Navy, commander of the Terra Nova, the expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Pennell engaged in oceanographic work in the Ross Sea during this period. In February 1911 he sailed along this coast in exploration and an endeavor to land the Northern Party led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell.", "title": "Pennell Coast" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500.", "title": "Exploration of North America" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the founding of the colony of New South Wales in 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland, under the administration of the colonial government in Sydney. The first European settlement in the area later known as Victoria was established in October 1803 under Lieutenant-Governor David Collins at Sullivan Bay on Port Phillip. It consisted of 402 people (5 Government officials, 9 officers of marines, 2 drummers, and 39 privates, 5 soldiers' wives, and a child, 307 convicts, 17 convicts' wives, and 7 children). They had been sent from England in HMS Calcutta under the command of Captain Daniel Woodriff, principally out of fear that the French, who had been exploring the area, might establish their own settlement and thereby challenge British rights to the continent.", "title": "Victoria (Australia)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For centuries, European explorers sought a navigable passage as a possible trade route to Asia. An ice - bound northern route was discovered in 1850 by the Irish explorer Robert McClure; it was through a more southerly opening in an area explored by the Scotsman John Rae in 1854 that Norwegian Roald Amundsen made the first complete passage in 1903 -- 1906. Until 2009, the Arctic pack ice prevented regular marine shipping throughout most of the year. Arctic sea ice decline has rendered the waterways more navigable for ice navigation.", "title": "Northwest Passage" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.", "title": "John Cabot" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Markus Zusak", "id": 58323, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "who wrote the book thief soon to appear as a film" }, { "answer": "Australia", "id": 375563, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "#1 >> country of citizenship" }, { "answer": "New Zealand", "id": 161848, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "What country located near #2 was a first time participant in these games?" }, { "answer": "1989", "id": 53331, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "when was death penalty abolished in #3" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A record total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 member nations of the Asian Games Federation participated in the Games. The number of participating countries was also greatest in comparison to the first two editions of the Games.", "title": "1958 Asian Games" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Ticks ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in March 2007 as the first single from the album 5th Gear. It reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart and was featured as a downloadable track for the video game Guitar Hero: World Tour. Paisley wrote this song with Kelley Lovelace and Tim Owens.", "title": "Ticks (song)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the Act of Parliament defining high treason remains on the United Kingdom's statute books, during a long period of 19th - century legal reform the sentence of hanging, drawing, and quartering was changed to drawing, hanging until dead, and posthumous beheading and quartering, before being abolished in England in 1870. The death penalty for treason was abolished in 1998.", "title": "Hanged, drawn and quartered" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.", "title": "1952 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the United States, currently used by 31 states and the federal government. Its existence can be traced to the beginning of the American colonies. The United States is the only Western country currently applying the death penalty, one of 57 countries worldwide applying it, and was the first to develop lethal injection as a method of execution, which has since been adopted by five other countries.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Demon Thief is a book in Darren Shan's \"Demonata\" series. Though it is the second book in the series, it is a prequel to \"Lord Loss\", the first book in the series. The protagonist is also different from that of the first book. The narrator here is a new character called Kernel Fleck, as opposed to Grubbs Grady, the protagonist of the first book. Demon Thief takes place about thirty years before \"Lord Loss\" so most of the characters from the first book did not appear, though a few did. It was also actually the sixth book of the Demonata to be written, although it was the second released.", "title": "Demon Thief" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.", "title": "The Messenger (Zusak novel)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In a game dominated by the Belgians, but still goalless through the first 90 minutes thanks to U.S. goalkeeper Tim Howard, U.S. striker Chris Wondolowski missed a great chance in stoppage time from less than five yards out. Thus, the game went to extra time and Belgium took the lead within two minutes. Romelu Lukaku, who came off the bench at the start of extra time, crossed from the right into the penalty area, Matt Besler failed to clear the ball, and Kevin De Bruyne shot low into the far corner from the right of the penalty area. Near the end of extra time first half, De Bruyne's through ball from the right set up Lukaku to extend the lead with a left footed shot to the net. The United States pulled one back early in extra time second half, when substitute Julian Green volleyed in Michael Bradley's lobbed pass with his right foot from near the penalty spot. Minutes later, the U.S. nearly equalised on a set piece routine that saw Clint Dempsey through on goal, but his first touch was too hard and the ball was corralled by Belgian goalkeeper Thibaut Courtois. Belgium held on for the win, and advanced to the quarter - finals to face Argentina.", "title": "2014 FIFA World Cup knockout stage" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Democratic Governor Pat Quinn signed legislation on March 9, 2011 to abolish the death penalty in Illinois to go into effect July 1, 2011, and commuted the death sentences of the fifteen inmates on Illinois' death row to life imprisonment. Quinn was criticized for signing the bill after saying that he supported the death penalty during the 2010 gubernatorial campaign after which he defeated the Republican candidate with 50.4% of the vote.", "title": "Capital punishment in Illinois" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the United States, currently used by 31 states, the federal government, and the military. Its existence can be traced to the beginning of the American colonies. The United States is the only Western country currently applying the death penalty, one of 54 countries worldwide applying it, and was the first to develop lethal injection as a method of execution, which has since been adopted by five other countries.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams.", "title": "The Book Thief (film)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Penstrowed near Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Lewis was educated at Levana School, Wimbledon, and Westfield College, London. She had a long period of work on the \"Sunday Times\", where she became assistant editor, and from 1944 until her death in 1979 she also wrote for the magazine \"Country Life\".", "title": "Eiluned Lewis" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Puerto Rico's constitution expressly forbids capital punishment, stating \"The death penalty shall not exist\", setting it apart from all U.S. states and territories other than Michigan, which also has a constitutional prohibition (eleven other states and the District of Columbia have abolished capital punishment through statutory law). However, capital punishment is still applicable to offenses committed in Puerto Rico, if they fall under the jurisdiction of the federal government, though federal death penalty prosecutions there have generated significant controversy.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment in New Zealand first appeared in a codified form when it became a British territory in 1840, and was first employed in 1842. It was last used in 1957, abolished for murder in 1961, and abolished altogether, including for treason, in 1989. During the period that it was in effect, 85 people were executed.", "title": "Capital punishment in New Zealand" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albania first participated at the Summer Olympic Games in 1972. They missed the next four games, two of them due to the 1980 and 1984 boycotts, but returned for the 1992 games in Barcelona. They have appeared in all games since then. They made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 2006. Albania normally competes in events that include swimming, athletics, weightlifting, shooting and wrestling. The country has not yet won an Olympic medal, and along with Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is the only European non-microstate without an Olympic medal. They have been represented by the Albanian National Olympic Committee since 1972.", "title": "Albania at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Somalia sent a delegation to compete at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. The country's participation at Beijing marked its seventh in the Summer Olympics since its debut in 1972 Games. The delegation included two track and field athletes: sprinter Samiya Yuusf Omar and long-distance runner Abdinasir Said Ibrahim. Neither athlete progressed past the first round of their respective competitions. Omar's story, having trained in Mogadishu during the Somali Civil War, was covered by the media at the time, and later featured in a graphic novel following her death.", "title": "Somalia at the 2008 Summer Olympics" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thomas Trantino (born February 11, 1938) is an American convicted murderer who was sentenced to life in prison for the execution style shooting deaths in 1963 of two police officers in Lodi, New Jersey. He was sentenced to death by electrocution, which was commuted to life in prison after the death penalty was abolished in the 1970s. This began a long battle for parole, which continued until his release from prison in 2002.", "title": "Thomas Trantino" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brazil won the tournament after beating Italy 3 -- 2 in a penalty shootout at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California near Los Angeles, after the game had ended 0 -- 0 after extra time. It was the first World Cup final to be decided on penalties. The victory made Brazil the first nation to win four World Cup titles. Greece, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia made their first appearances at the tournament, as did Russia, following the breakup of the Soviet Union. A united Germany team took part in the tournament, as the country was reunified in 1990, a few months after West Germany's victory in the 1990 World Cup.", "title": "1994 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forty - three countries participated in the contest, equalling the record of the 2008 and 2011 editions. Russia returned after their absence from the previous edition, and for the first time since 2011, no country withdrew from the contest.", "title": "Eurovision Song Contest 2018" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, appearing only in the Winter Olympic Games that year. Eight years later in 1972, the nation first participated at the Summer Olympic Games. Since then, the nation has appeared in every Summer Games, except when North Korea joined the Soviet - led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea.", "title": "North Korea at the Olympics" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Papa Roach", "id": 673447, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Infest >> performer" }, { "answer": "California", "id": 132409, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "What city was #1 formed in?" }, { "answer": "San Diego", "id": 223216, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Pathology >> location of formation" }, { "answer": "third-largest", "id": 35031, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "In the top five largest urban areas in #2 , where does #3 rank?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kathmandu is located in the northwestern part of the Kathmandu Valley to the north of the Bagmati River and covers an area of 50.67 km2 (19.56 sq mi). The average elevation is 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) above sea level. The city is directly bounded by several other municipalities of the Kathmandu valley: south of the Bagmati by Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City (Patan) with which it today forms one urban area surrounded by a ring road, to the southwest by Kirtipur Municipality and to the east by Madyapur Thimi Municipality. To the north the urban area extends into several Village Development Committees. However, the urban agglomeration extends well beyond the neighboring municipalities, e. g. to Bhaktapur and just about covers the entire Kathmandu valley.", "title": "Kathmandu" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Katrineholm ( ) is a locality and the seat of Katrineholm Municipality, Södermanland County, Sweden with 21,993 inhabitants in 2010. It is located in the inland of Södermanland and is the third largest urban area in the county after Eskilstuna and county seat Nyköping.", "title": "Katrineholm" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KKSS (97.3 FM) is a commercial radio station located in Santa Fe, New Mexico, broadcasting to the Santa Fe and Albuquerque, New Mexico, area. KKSS airs an urban-leaning rhythmic Top 40 music format branded as \"Kiss 97.3\". Owned by American General Media, its studios are located in Northeast Albuquerque (a mile north of Central Avenue) and the transmitter tower is located west of Los Alamos.", "title": "KKSS" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jakarta (/ dʒ əˈkɑːrtə /, Indonesian pronunciation: (dʒaˈkarta)), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, is the capital of Indonesia, which was formerly known as Batavia during Dutch East Indies and Sunda Kelapa during Sunda Kingdom. Located on the northwest coast of the world's most populous island of Java, Jakarta is the center of economics, culture and politics of Indonesia, with a population of 10,075,310 as of 2014. Greater Jakarta metropolitan area, which is known as Jabodetabek (a name formed by combining the initial syllables of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi), is the second largest urban agglomeration and 2nd largest city area in the world after Tokyo, with a population of 30,214,303 inhabitants as of 2010 census. Jakarta's business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over the Indonesian archipelago, making it a melting pot of many communities and cultures. Jakarta is officially a province with special capital region status, yet is commonly referred to as a city. The Jakarta provincial government administers five administrative cities and one administrative regency.", "title": "Jakarta" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stretching west from the Blue Ridge for approximately 55 miles (89 km) is the Ridge and Valley region, in which numerous tributaries join to form the Tennessee River in the Tennessee Valley. This area of Tennessee is covered by fertile valleys separated by wooded ridges, such as Bays Mountain and Clinch Mountain. The western section of the Tennessee Valley, where the depressions become broader and the ridges become lower, is called the Great Valley. In this valley are numerous towns and two of the region's three urban areas, Knoxville, the 3rd largest city in the state, and Chattanooga, the 4th largest city in the state. The third urban area, the Tri-Cities, comprising Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport and their environs, is located to the northeast of Knoxville.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KMJQ, (Majic 102.1), is an Urban Adult Contemporary-formatted radio station located in Houston, Texas. Owned by Radio One, it is one of the most well-programmed heritage urban contemporary stations in the U.S. and has a strong listenership repertoire among listeners in Houston. Co-owned with KBXX and KROI, its studios are located in the Greenway Plaza district, and its 100 kW transmitter is based outside Missouri City, Texas. It is one of the high-ranking stations in Greater Houston, commanding a Top 5 position according to Arbitron, with KMJQ sometimes reaching number-one on many reports.", "title": "KMJQ" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chinatown (Chinese: 雪梨華埠 or 悉尼唐人街) is an urban locality in the southern part of the Sydney central business district, in New South Wales, Australia. It is located in Haymarket, between Central station and Darling Harbour. It is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney and is Australia's largest Chinatown.", "title": "Chinatown, Sydney" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The state has one city with a population exceeding one million: Ciudad Juárez. Ciudad Juárez is ranked eighth most populous city in the country and Chihuahua City was ranked 16th most populous in Mexico. Chihuahua (along with Baja California) is the only state in Mexico to have two cities ranked in the top 20 most populated. El Paso and Ciudad Juárez comprise one of the largest binational metropolitan areas in the world with a combined population of 2.4 million. In fact, Ciudad Juárez is one of the fastest growing cities in the world in spite of the fact that it is \"the most violent zone in the world outside of declared war zones\". For instance, a few years ago the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas published that in Ciudad Juárez \"the average annual growth over the 10-year period 1990–2000 was 5.3 percent. Juárez experienced much higher population growth than the state of Chihuahua and than Mexico as a whole\". Chihuahua City has one of the highest literacy rates in the country at 98%; 35% of the population is aged 14 or below, 60% 15-65, and 5% over 65. The growth rate is 2.4%. The 76.5% of the population of the state of Chihuahua live in cities which makes the state one of the most urbanized in Mexico.", "title": "Chihuahua (state)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lorain City School District is a public school district serving the city of Lorain, Ohio, which is located 25 miles west of Cleveland. The district is the tenth largest urban school district in the State of Ohio.", "title": "Lorain City School District" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blue Springs is a city located in the U.S. state of Missouri and within Jackson County. Blue Springs is located 19 miles (31 km) east of downtown Kansas City, Missouri and is the eighth largest city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 United States Census the population was 52,575, tying it for 10th largest city in the state of Missouri with St. Peters. In 2010, CNN / Money Magazine ranked Blue Springs 49th on its list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States.", "title": "Blue Springs, Missouri" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Southern California consists of a heavily developed urban environment, home to some of the largest urban areas in the state, along with vast areas that have been left undeveloped. It is the third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis. Much of southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways. The dominant areas are Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, and Riverside-San Bernardino, each of which is the center of its respective metropolitan area, composed of numerous smaller cities and communities. The urban area is also host to an international metropolitan region in the form of San Diego–Tijuana, created by the urban area spilling over into Baja California.", "title": "Southern California" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pathology is an American death metal band from San Diego, California, formed in 2006 by drummer Dave Astor (previously with The Locust and Cattle Decapitation). The band were signed to Victory Records for an over three-year period, but now are currently signed to Sevared Records, an independent New York-based death metal label.", "title": "Pathology (band)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charleston is the oldest and largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston -- North Charleston -- Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper rivers. Charleston had an estimated population of 134,385 in 2016. The estimated population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties, was 761,155 residents in 2016, the third - largest in the state and the 78th - largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population. The population grew following the 2010 Census, with the population estimated to have increased to 620,602 as of July 2014. As of 2014, the Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,322,429, and the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,459,758 (Chamber of Commerce) residents, making it Oklahoma's largest metropolitan area. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county or borough).", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city management and urban policy program was ranked first in the nation, and the special education program second, by U.S. News & World Report's 2016 rankings. USN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U.S. universities.", "title": "University of Kansas" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther.", "title": "Papa Roach" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Infest is the second studio album and major-label debut by the American rock band Papa Roach. It was released on April 25, 2000 through DreamWorks Records, and became the 20th highest-selling album of 2000 in the United States. The sound of the album is nu metal and rap metal. Many of the album songs contains rapping and hip hop influences. It was certified 3× Platinum in the U.S. on July 18, 2001, and peaked at  5 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart. This album earned the band a Grammy nomination for Best New Artist. \"Infest\" has sold more than seven million copies worldwide with three million in U.S. and is their best-selling album to date.", "title": "Infest (album)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ranipet also known as Ranipettai (lit. Queen's colony) is a suburb town and industrial hub of Vellore city in the state of Tamil Nadu in southern India. It is a medium-sized community located about 20 kilometers from the Vellore city center (from Vellore Fort) and also Ranipet is a part of vellore metropolitan area and 100 kilometers from Chennai, the fourth largest urban area in India. It is a major industrial town located on NH 4 Chennai-Bangalore highway.", "title": "Ranipet" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City is the principal city of the eight-county Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area in Central Oklahoma and is the state's largest urbanized area. Based on population rank, the metropolitan area was the 42nd largest in the nation as of 2012.", "title": "Oklahoma City" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Newport News", "id": 39871, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Along with Williamsburg, what city's rail traffic uses the Main Street Station?" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "id": 314549, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity" }, { "answer": "Atlantic Ocean", "id": 131976, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "Which is the body of water by #2 ?" }, { "answer": "Milwaukee Deep", "id": 90181, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "what is the deepest part of #3" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Montclair-Boonton Line is a commuter rail line of New Jersey Transit Rail Operations in the United States. It is part of the Hoboken Division. The line is a consolidation of three individual lines: the former Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad's Montclair Branch, which ran from Hoboken Terminal to Bay Street, Montclair; the Erie Railroad's Greenwood Lake Division (segment from Montclair to Mountain View-Wayne), which originally ran from the Erie's Jersey City Terminal to Greenwood Lake, NY; and the former Lackawanna Boonton Line, which ran from Hoboken to Hackettstown, New Jersey. The Montclair-Boonton line was formed when the Montclair Connection opened on September 30, 2002. The line serves 28 active rail stations in New Jersey along with New York Pennsylvania Station. It crosses through six counties, serving six stations in the township of Montclair, two in the town of Bloomfield, and one in the city of Newark. Trains along the Montclair-Boonton Line heading eastward usually originate at Hackettstown, Mount Olive, Lake Hopatcong, Dover, or Montclair State University, bound for either Hoboken Terminal or New York Penn Station.", "title": "Montclair-Boonton Line" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Villa District, also known as Villa Historic District, () is a historic district in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is located on Chicago's Northwest Side within the community area of Irving Park. Its borders are along Pulaski Road to the west, the Union Pacific/Northwest rail line to the north, Hamlin Avenue to the east, and Addison Street to the south. Located directly north of the Wacławowo area of Avondale, the Villa District is serviced by the Blue Line's Addison street station.", "title": "Villa District" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Refugio is a station on line 1 of the Guadalajara light rail system in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Mexico. The station is located just north of the Parish Church of Our Lady of Refuge (La Parroquia de Nuestra Señora del Refugio) on Del Federalismo between Joaquín Angulo and Herrera y Cairo streets in the city centre.", "title": "Refugio (SITEUR)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Monongahela City Bridge spans the Monongahela River from the City of Monongahela in Washington County, Pennsylvania to Forward Township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. It was constructed to replace a bridge which was 1/4 of a mile north of its location at First and Main Streets, and it opened to traffic in 1990.", "title": "Monongahela City Bridge" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is located entirely within the county of Cumbria, and all the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, respectively Wast Water and Windermere.", "title": "Lake District" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "San Juan is located along the north - eastern coast of Puerto Rico. It lies south of the Atlantic Ocean; north of Caguas and Trujillo Alto; east of and Guaynabo; and west of Carolina. The city occupies an area of 76.93 square miles (199.2 km), of which, 29.11 square miles (75.4 km) (37.83%) is water. San Juan's main water bodies are San Juan Bay and two natural lagoons, the Condado and San José.", "title": "San Juan, Puerto Rico" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Metropolitan Avenue/Lorimer Street is an underground New York City Subway station complex shared by the BMT Canarsie Line and the IND Crosstown Line. Located in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, the complex is served by the G and L trains at all times.", "title": "Metropolitan Avenue/Lorimer Street station" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway is a railway line in Finland. The line is owned and maintained by the Finnish Rail Administration. It connects the city of Oulu to station at Kontiomäki, which is a junction of five railway lines in Paltamo municipality, approximately north from the city of Kajaani. The line is single-tracked and electrified with a total length of . The traffic is controlled via centralized traffic control by the operator located in Oulu rail traffic control center at Oulu railway station. The line follows the south shore of Oulu River.", "title": "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nizamuddin हज़रत निज़ामुद्दीन Rapid transit, Light rail, Commuter rail & Regional rail station Location New Delhi, Delhi India 28 ° 35 ′ 21 ''N 77 ° 15 ′ 15'' E  /  28.58917 ° N 77.25417 ° E  / 28.58917; 77.25417 Elevation 206.7 metres (678 ft) Platforms 7 Construction Structure type Standard (on ground station) Parking Yes Other information Status Functioning Station code NZM Zone (s) Northern Railway zone Division (s) Delhi Electrified Yes Traffic Passengers (Daily) 360,000 + Location Nizamuddin Location within Delhi", "title": "Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Virginia has a total area of , including of water, making it the 35th-largest state by area. Virginia is bordered by Maryland and Washington, D.C. to the north and east; by the Atlantic Ocean to the east; by North Carolina to the south; by Tennessee to the southwest; by Kentucky to the west; and by West Virginia to the north and west. Virginia's boundary with Maryland and Washington, D.C. extends to the low-water mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, though surveyor error led to deviations of as much as three arcminutes. The border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U.S. Supreme Court.", "title": "Virginia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Melbourne rail network has its origins in privately built lines from the 1850s gold rush era, and today the suburban network consists of 209 suburban stations on 16 lines which radiate from the City Loop, a partially underground metro section of the network beneath the Central Business District (Hoddle Grid). Flinders Street Station is Melbourne's busiest railway station, and was the world's busiest passenger station in 1926. It remains a prominent Melbourne landmark and meeting place. The city has rail connections with regional Victorian cities, as well as direct interstate rail services to Sydney and Adelaide and beyond which depart from Melbourne's other major rail terminus, Southern Cross Station in Spencer Street. In the 2013–2014 financial year, the Melbourne rail network recorded 232.0 million passenger trips, the highest in its history. Many rail lines, along with dedicated lines and rail yards are also used for freight. The Overland to Adelaide departs Southern Cross twice a week, while the XPT to Sydney departs twice a day.", "title": "Melbourne" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Puerto Rico Trench is located on the boundary between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The oceanic trench is associated with a complex transition between the Lesser Antilles subduction zone to the south and the major transform fault zone or plate boundary, which extends west between Cuba and Hispaniola through the Cayman Trench to the coast of Central America. The trench is 800 kilometres (497 mi) long and has a maximum depth of 8,648 metres (28,373 ft) or 5.373 miles at Milwaukee Deep, which is the deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean and the deepest point not in the Pacific Ocean.", "title": "Puerto Rico Trench" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Addison Transit Center is a bus-only station located along Quorum Drive and Addison Road in Addison, Texas (USA). The station opened in 1999. This transit center will become a future rail station on the Silver Line as part of DART's 2030 Transit System Plan.", "title": "Addison Transit Center" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tottenham railway station is located on the Sunbury line in Victoria, Australia. It serves the western Melbourne suburbs of Tottenham and West Footscray, opening on 2 March 1891. It is located above the Ashley Street rail overpass, which provides station access.", "title": "Tottenham railway station" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Newport News is included in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It is at the southeastern end of the Virginia Peninsula, on the northern shore of the James River extending southeast from Skiffe's Creek along many miles of waterfront to the river's mouth at Newport News Point on the harbor of Hampton Roads. The area now known as Newport News was once a part of Warwick County. Warwick County was one of the eight original shires of Virginia, formed by the House of Burgesses in the British Colony of Virginia by order of King Charles I in 1634. The county was largely composed of farms and undeveloped land until almost 250 years later.", "title": "Newport News, Virginia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Waban is a surface-level light rail station on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's Green Line \"D\" Branch, located just south of Beacon Street at Waban Square in the Waban section of Newton, Massachusetts. The station is located below grade; access to both platforms is via Wyman Street on the outbound side of the tracks or a stairway from Beacon Street. Waban is not accessible.", "title": "Waban station" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dallas Municipal Building is a Dallas Landmark located along S. Harwood Street between Main and Commerce Street in the Main Street District of downtown Dallas, Texas that served as the city's fourth City Hall. The structure is also a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark and a contributing property in the Harwood Street Historic District, located across the street from Main Street Garden Park.", "title": "Dallas Municipal Building" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all service to and from all points south including, Raleigh, Durham, Savannah, Newport News, Williamsburg and Florida. Richmond's only railway station located within the city limits, the historic Main Street Station, was renovated in 2004. As of 2010, the station only receives trains headed to and from Newport News and Williamsburg due to track layout. As a result, the Staples Mill Road station receives more trains and serves more passengers overall.", "title": "Richmond, Virginia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mosaic Dallas, formerly Fidelity Union Life Insurance Building, is a residential development in the City Center District of downtown Dallas, Texas (USA), adjacent to Thanks-giving Square. The complex is located at 300 North Akard Street, across the street from DART's Akard Station, which serves its , and light rail lines.", "title": "Mosaic Dallas" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kipling GO Station is a GO Transit railway station along the Milton line rail corridor in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 27 St. Albans Road in the Islington-City Centre West neighbourhood of Toronto (formerly Etobicoke), near Dundas Street. It is connected to the TTC's Kipling station on the Bloor-Danforth subway line which is right underneath it.", "title": "Kipling GO Station" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Papa Roach", "id": 312119, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Getting Away with Murder >> performer" }, { "answer": "California", "id": 132409, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "What city was #1 formed in?" }, { "answer": "San Diego", "id": 223216, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Pathology >> location of formation" }, { "answer": "third-largest", "id": 35031, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "In the top five largest urban areas in #2 , where does #3 rank?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Missing You ''is a song performed by Diana Ross. The third single released (in 45 - rpm format) from her 1984 album Swept Away, the song had been written, composed, and produced by Lionel Richie as a tribute to Marvin Gaye, who was murdered by his father earlier that year.", "title": "Missing You (Diana Ross song)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chinatown (Chinese: 雪梨華埠 or 悉尼唐人街) is an urban locality in the southern part of the Sydney central business district, in New South Wales, Australia. It is located in Haymarket, between Central station and Darling Harbour. It is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney and is Australia's largest Chinatown.", "title": "Chinatown, Sydney" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther.", "title": "Papa Roach" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jakarta (/ dʒ əˈkɑːrtə /, Indonesian pronunciation: (dʒaˈkarta)), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, is the capital of Indonesia, which was formerly known as Batavia during Dutch East Indies and Sunda Kelapa during Sunda Kingdom. Located on the northwest coast of the world's most populous island of Java, Jakarta is the center of economics, culture and politics of Indonesia, with a population of 10,075,310 as of 2014. Greater Jakarta metropolitan area, which is known as Jabodetabek (a name formed by combining the initial syllables of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi), is the second largest urban agglomeration and 2nd largest city area in the world after Tokyo, with a population of 30,214,303 inhabitants as of 2010 census. Jakarta's business opportunities, as well as its potential to offer a higher standard of living, attract migrants from all over the Indonesian archipelago, making it a melting pot of many communities and cultures. Jakarta is officially a province with special capital region status, yet is commonly referred to as a city. The Jakarta provincial government administers five administrative cities and one administrative regency.", "title": "Jakarta" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Blue Springs is a city located in the U.S. state of Missouri and within Jackson County. Blue Springs is located 19 miles (31 km) east of downtown Kansas City, Missouri and is the eighth largest city in the Kansas City Metropolitan Area. As of the 2010 United States Census the population was 52,575, tying it for 10th largest city in the state of Missouri with St. Peters. In 2010, CNN / Money Magazine ranked Blue Springs 49th on its list of the 100 Best Places to Live in the United States.", "title": "Blue Springs, Missouri" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charleston is the oldest and largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston -- North Charleston -- Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper rivers. Charleston had an estimated population of 134,385 in 2016. The estimated population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties, was 761,155 residents in 2016, the third - largest in the state and the 78th - largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pathology is an American death metal band from San Diego, California, formed in 2006 by drummer Dave Astor (previously with The Locust and Cattle Decapitation). The band were signed to Victory Records for an over three-year period, but now are currently signed to Sevared Records, an independent New York-based death metal label.", "title": "Pathology (band)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Getting Away with Murder is an American television and web series, which airs on the IFC in the United States.", "title": "Getting Away with Murder (web series)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kathmandu is located in the northwestern part of the Kathmandu Valley to the north of the Bagmati River and covers an area of 50.67 km2 (19.56 sq mi). The average elevation is 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) above sea level. The city is directly bounded by several other municipalities of the Kathmandu valley: south of the Bagmati by Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City (Patan) with which it today forms one urban area surrounded by a ring road, to the southwest by Kirtipur Municipality and to the east by Madyapur Thimi Municipality. To the north the urban area extends into several Village Development Committees. However, the urban agglomeration extends well beyond the neighboring municipalities, e. g. to Bhaktapur and just about covers the entire Kathmandu valley.", "title": "Kathmandu" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City is the capital and largest city of the state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population. The population grew following the 2010 Census, with the population estimated to have increased to 620,602 as of July 2014. As of 2014, the Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,322,429, and the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,459,758 (Chamber of Commerce) residents, making it Oklahoma's largest metropolitan area. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county or borough).", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ranipet also known as Ranipettai (lit. Queen's colony) is a suburb town and industrial hub of Vellore city in the state of Tamil Nadu in southern India. It is a medium-sized community located about 20 kilometers from the Vellore city center (from Vellore Fort) and also Ranipet is a part of vellore metropolitan area and 100 kilometers from Chennai, the fourth largest urban area in India. It is a major industrial town located on NH 4 Chennai-Bangalore highway.", "title": "Ranipet" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "KMJQ, (Majic 102.1), is an Urban Adult Contemporary-formatted radio station located in Houston, Texas. Owned by Radio One, it is one of the most well-programmed heritage urban contemporary stations in the U.S. and has a strong listenership repertoire among listeners in Houston. Co-owned with KBXX and KROI, its studios are located in the Greenway Plaza district, and its 100 kW transmitter is based outside Missouri City, Texas. It is one of the high-ranking stations in Greater Houston, commanding a Top 5 position according to Arbitron, with KMJQ sometimes reaching number-one on many reports.", "title": "KMJQ" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city management and urban policy program was ranked first in the nation, and the special education program second, by U.S. News & World Report's 2016 rankings. USN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U.S. universities.", "title": "University of Kansas" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miami (/maɪˈæmi/; Spanish pronunciation: [maiˈami]) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the seat of Miami-Dade County. The 44th-most populated city proper in the United States, with a population of 430,332, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the Miami metropolitan area, and the second most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States after Washington, D.C. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the eighth-most populous and fourth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States, and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008[update], the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the 44th-largest in the world.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Southern California consists of a heavily developed urban environment, home to some of the largest urban areas in the state, along with vast areas that have been left undeveloped. It is the third most populated megalopolis in the United States, after the Great Lakes Megalopolis and the Northeastern megalopolis. Much of southern California is famous for its large, spread-out, suburban communities and use of automobiles and highways. The dominant areas are Los Angeles, Orange County, San Diego, and Riverside-San Bernardino, each of which is the center of its respective metropolitan area, composed of numerous smaller cities and communities. The urban area is also host to an international metropolitan region in the form of San Diego–Tijuana, created by the urban area spilling over into Baja California.", "title": "Southern California" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Stretching west from the Blue Ridge for approximately 55 miles (89 km) is the Ridge and Valley region, in which numerous tributaries join to form the Tennessee River in the Tennessee Valley. This area of Tennessee is covered by fertile valleys separated by wooded ridges, such as Bays Mountain and Clinch Mountain. The western section of the Tennessee Valley, where the depressions become broader and the ridges become lower, is called the Great Valley. In this valley are numerous towns and two of the region's three urban areas, Knoxville, the 3rd largest city in the state, and Chattanooga, the 4th largest city in the state. The third urban area, the Tri-Cities, comprising Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport and their environs, is located to the northeast of Knoxville.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "\"Getting Away with Murder\" is the first single from the band Papa Roach's third album, \"Getting Away with Murder\". The song shows the band's new sound, the sound of the song is hard rock instead of their previous nu metal sound. The song also features no rapping at all, something that was used in Papa Roach's previous singles. The video is performance-based, showing the band playing in a Stock Exchange Hall with references filled with fans (including sexual imagery which led the band's lead singer Jacoby Shaddix to describe the video as \"stocks and bondage\" in an MTV2 interview). It was directed by Motion Theory. The song is also the former theme song for \"WWE Tough Enough\". It was featured in the 2004 video game \"\" It was also featured in the video game \"MX vs. ATV Unleashed\" in 2005. A \"clean\" remix of the song called \"Getting Away With... (Gran Turismo 4 Vrenna/Walsh Remix)\" was featured in \"Gran Turismo 4\"; it was a bit faster, had the heavily distorted guitars toned down, and had a backing whisper of the words \"getting away\" instead of \"..with murder\".", "title": "Getting Away with Murder (song)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma City is the principal city of the eight-county Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area in Central Oklahoma and is the state's largest urbanized area. Based on population rank, the metropolitan area was the 42nd largest in the nation as of 2012.", "title": "Oklahoma City" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Scott County", "id": 364476, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Winchester >> located in the administrative territorial entity" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "id": 439408, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity" }, { "answer": "Atlantic Ocean", "id": 131976, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Which is the body of water by #2 ?" }, { "answer": "Milwaukee Deep", "id": 90181, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "what is the deepest part of #3" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bogotá (/ ˈboʊɡətɑː /, / ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː /, / ˌboʊ - /; Spanish pronunciation: (boɣoˈta) (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.", "title": "Bogotá" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is located entirely within the county of Cumbria, and all the land in England higher than 3,000 feet (910 m) above sea level lies within the National Park, including Scafell Pike, the highest mountain in England. It also contains the deepest and longest bodies of water in England, respectively Wast Water and Windermere.", "title": "Lake District" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Municipio XIX was an administrative subdivision of the city of Rome. Following the administrative reform of 11 March 2013, it was suppressed and merged into the new, and coextensive, Municipio XIV. Its territory is situated to the north-west part of the municipality of Rome.", "title": "Municipio XIX" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paea is a commune in the suburbs of Papeete in French Polynesia, an overseas territory of France in the southern Pacific Ocean. Paea is located on the island of Tahiti, in the administrative subdivision of the Windward Islands, themselves part of the Society Islands. At the 2017 census it had a population of 13,021.", "title": "Paea" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A union territory is a type of administrative division in the Republic of India. Unlike states, which have their own elected governments, union territories are ruled directly by the Union Government (central government), hence the name ``union territory ''. Union territories in India qualify as federal territories, by definition.", "title": "Union territory" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1949, the Territory and the Territory of New Guinea were established in an administrative union by the name of the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of Papua at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity; it was a Possession of the Crown whereas the Territory of New Guinea was initially a League of Nations mandate territory and subsequently a United Nations trust territory. This important legal and political distinction remained until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea in 1975.", "title": "Territory of Papua" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nigerian State is a federated political entity, which shares sovereignty with the Federal Government of Nigeria, There are 36 States in Nigeria, which are bound together by a federal agreement. There is also a territory called the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), which is not a state, but a territory, under the direct control of the Federal Government. The States are further divided into a total of 774 Local Government Areas. Under the Nigerian Constitution, states have the power to ratify constitutional amendments.", "title": "States of Nigeria" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Tarnów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tarnów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the city of Tarnów, although the city is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Tarnów" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Puerto Rico Trench is located on the boundary between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The oceanic trench is associated with a complex transition between the Lesser Antilles subduction zone to the south and the major transform fault zone or plate boundary, which extends west between Cuba and Hispaniola through the Cayman Trench to the coast of Central America. The trench is 800 kilometres (497 mi) long and has a maximum depth of 8,648 metres (28,373 ft) or 5.373 miles at Milwaukee Deep, which is the deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean and the deepest point not in the Pacific Ocean.", "title": "Puerto Rico Trench" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Bełchatów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Bełchatów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Bełchatów, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Bełchatów" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Winchester is a city in and the county seat of Scott County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,650 at the 2000 census. Winchester is part of the Jacksonville Micropolitan Statistical Area.", "title": "Winchester, Illinois" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Ozorków is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the town of Ozorków, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Ozorków" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Virginia has a total area of , including of water, making it the 35th-largest state by area. Virginia is bordered by Maryland and Washington, D.C. to the north and east; by the Atlantic Ocean to the east; by North Carolina to the south; by Tennessee to the southwest; by Kentucky to the west; and by West Virginia to the north and west. Virginia's boundary with Maryland and Washington, D.C. extends to the low-water mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, though surveyor error led to deviations of as much as three arcminutes. The border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U.S. Supreme Court.", "title": "Virginia" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each state and major mainland territory has its own parliament — unicameral in the Northern Territory, the ACT and Queensland, and bicameral in the other states. The states are sovereign entities, although subject to certain powers of the Commonwealth as defined by the Constitution. The lower houses are known as the Legislative Assembly (the House of Assembly in South Australia and Tasmania); the upper houses are known as the Legislative Council. The head of the government in each state is the Premier and in each territory the Chief Minister. The Queen is represented in each state by a governor; and in the Northern Territory, the Administrator. In the Commonwealth, the Queen's representative is the Governor-General.The Commonwealth Parliament also directly administers the following external territories: Ashmore and Cartier Islands; Australian Antarctic Territory; Christmas Island; Cocos (Keeling) Islands; Coral Sea Islands; Heard Island and McDonald Islands; and Jervis Bay Territory, a naval base and sea port for the national capital in land that was formerly part of New South Wales. The external territory of Norfolk Island previously exercised considerable autonomy under the Norfolk Island Act 1979 through its own legislative assembly and an Administrator to represent the Queen. In 2015, the Commonwealth Parliament abolished self-government, integrating Norfolk Island into the Australian tax and welfare systems and replacing its legislative assembly with a council. Macquarie Island is administered by Tasmania, and Lord Howe Island by New South Wales.", "title": "Australia" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Located in northern Canada, the territory borders Canada's two other territories, Yukon to the west and Nunavut to the east, as well as three provinces: British Columbia to the southwest, and Alberta and Saskatchewan to the south. It possibly meets Manitoba at a quadripoint to the extreme southeast, though surveys have not been completed. It has a land area of 1,183,085 km2 (456,792 sq mi).Geographical features include Great Bear Lake, the largest lake entirely within Canada, and Great Slave Lake, the deepest body of water in North America at 614 m (2,014 ft), as well as the Mackenzie River and the canyons of the Nahanni National Park Reserve, a national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Territorial islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago include Banks Island, Borden Island, Prince Patrick Island, and parts of Victoria Island and Melville Island. Its highest point is Mount Nirvana near the border with Yukon at an elevation of 2,773 m (9,098 ft).", "title": "Northwest Territories" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ap Lo Chun () is a small island in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is located in Ap Chau Bay () between Ap Chau in the east and Sai Ap Chau in the west, with the islet of Ap Tan Pai nearby in the northeast. It is under the administration of North District.", "title": "Ap Lo Chun" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Gorlice is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Gorlice County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. Its seat is the town of Gorlice, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Gorlice" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Elbląg is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. Its seat is the town of Elbląg, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina.", "title": "Gmina Elbląg" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gmina Lubawa is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Iława County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It takes its name from the town of Lubawa, although the town is not part of the territory of the gmina. The administrative seat of the gmina is the village of Fijewo, which lies close to Lubawa.", "title": "Gmina Lubawa" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Daniel Dean Trial of Scott County, Virginia was a trial that took place in the town of Estiville (Gate City), Virginia in July 1877. What makes this trial unique is that it was the first and only time that an individual was convicted of murder in the state of Virginia based solely on circumstantial evidence.", "title": "Trial of Daniel Dean" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Guadalajara", "id": 512794, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Armando Robles >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "North America", "id": 508773, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "#1 >> continent" }, { "answer": "John Cabot", "id": 85832, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Cabot", "id": 745702, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "#3 >> child" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Armando Segato (; 3 May 1930 – 19 February 1973) was an Italian footballer and manager who played as a midfielder.", "title": "Armando Segato" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 on an expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias. Just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of Manuel I of Portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continuing to the eastern coast of Africa to Malindi to sail across the Indian Ocean to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast. in south India -- the capital of the local Zamorin rulers. The wealth of the Indies was now open for the Europeans to explore; the Portuguese Empire was the earliest European seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade.", "title": "Spice trade" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.", "title": "David Melgueiro" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration.", "title": "Wilkins Runway" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Armando \"Chato\" Robles (born January 9, 1978 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican boxer in the Welterweight division and is the current Mexican National Light Welterweight Champion.", "title": "Armando Robles" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pennell Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. To the west of Cape Williams lies Oates Coast, and to the east and south of Cape Adare lies Borchgrevink Coast. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Lieutenant Harry Pennell, Royal Navy, commander of the Terra Nova, the expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Pennell engaged in oceanographic work in the Ross Sea during this period. In February 1911 he sailed along this coast in exploration and an endeavor to land the Northern Party led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell.", "title": "Pennell Coast" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.", "title": "John Cabot" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gibbs Point, a rock point on the Antarctic Peninsula, the most northern area of the continent of Antarctica, was named for African American Antarctic explorer, George W. Gibbs, Jr. on September 2, 2009. On that date, the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (U.S. Board on Geographic Names) confirmed the place name in Antarctica for Gibbs as the first black explorer to set foot on the continent. Gibbs Point is a rock point forming the northwest entrance to Gaul Cove, on the northeast of Horseshoe Island, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula.", "title": "Gibbs Point" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.", "title": "History of the west coast of North America" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The recorded history of Maryland dates back to when Europeans began exploring the area, starting with the Italian / Venetian John Cabot (c. 1450 -- c. 1500), exploring the coast of the continent of North America for England in 1498. The first European settlements were made in 1634, when the English arrived in significant numbers and created a permanent colony. Maryland was notable for having been established with religious freedom for Roman Catholics. Like other colonies of the Chesapeake Bay, its economy was based on tobacco as a commodity crop, cultivated primarily by African slave labor, although many young people came from Britain as indentured servants in the early years.", "title": "History of Maryland" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea. After that, Janszoon crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea into the Gulf of Carpentaria, without being aware of the existence of Torres Strait. The Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in February 1606, a few months before Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through it. On 26 February 1606, Janzoon made landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of Cape York in Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea.", "title": "Willem Janszoon" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.", "title": "Paula Santiago" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia (1770 in Genoa – September 7, 1845 in Paris) was an explorer, navigator and Italian Egyptologist. He was one of the pioneers of Egyptian archeology of his time. He was influential in the excavation of the Sphinx of Giza near Cairo.", "title": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.", "title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500.", "title": "Exploration of North America" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frederick de Houtman (1571 – 21 October 1627), or Frederik de Houtman, was a Dutch explorer who sailed along the Western coast of Australia en route to Batavia, known today as Jakarta in Indonesia. He made observations of the southern stars and possibly contributed to the creation of 12 new southern constellations.", "title": "Frederick de Houtman" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Guadalajara", "id": 320457, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "Ulises Solís >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "North America", "id": 508773, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "#1 >> continent" }, { "answer": "John Cabot", "id": 85832, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Cabot", "id": 745702, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "#3 >> child" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For centuries, European explorers sought a navigable passage as a possible trade route to Asia. An ice - bound northern route was discovered in 1850 by the Irish explorer Robert McClure; it was through a more southerly opening in an area explored by the Scotsman John Rae in 1854 that Norwegian Roald Amundsen made the first complete passage in 1903 -- 1906. Until 2009, the Arctic pack ice prevented regular marine shipping throughout most of the year. Arctic sea ice decline has rendered the waterways more navigable for ice navigation.", "title": "Northwest Passage" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pedro Álvares Cabral (European Portuguese: (ˈpeðɾu ˈaɫvɐr (ɨ) ʃ kɐˈβɾaɫ) or Brazilian Portuguese: (ˈpedɾu ˈawvaɾis kaˈbɾaw); c. 1467 or 1468 -- c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil. In 1500 Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal. While details of Cabral's early life remain unclear, it is known that he came from a minor noble family and received a good education. He was appointed to head an expedition to India in 1500, following Vasco da Gama's newly - opened route around Africa. The undertaking had the aim of returning with valuable spices and of establishing trade relations in India -- bypassing the monopoly on the spice trade then in the hands of Arab, Turkish and Italian merchants. Although the previous expedition of Vasco da Gama to India, on its sea route, had recorded signs of land west of the southern Atlantic Ocean (in 1497), Cabral is regarded as the first captain who ever touched four continents, leading the first expedition that united Europe, Africa, America, and Asia.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the founding of the colony of New South Wales in 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland, under the administration of the colonial government in Sydney. The first European settlement in the area later known as Victoria was established in October 1803 under Lieutenant-Governor David Collins at Sullivan Bay on Port Phillip. It consisted of 402 people (5 Government officials, 9 officers of marines, 2 drummers, and 39 privates, 5 soldiers' wives, and a child, 307 convicts, 17 convicts' wives, and 7 children). They had been sent from England in HMS Calcutta under the command of Captain Daniel Woodriff, principally out of fear that the French, who had been exploring the area, might establish their own settlement and thereby challenge British rights to the continent.", "title": "Victoria (Australia)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea. After that, Janszoon crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea into the Gulf of Carpentaria, without being aware of the existence of Torres Strait. The Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in February 1606, a few months before Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through it. On 26 February 1606, Janzoon made landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of Cape York in Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea.", "title": "Willem Janszoon" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frederick de Houtman (1571 – 21 October 1627), or Frederik de Houtman, was a Dutch explorer who sailed along the Western coast of Australia en route to Batavia, known today as Jakarta in Indonesia. He made observations of the southern stars and possibly contributed to the creation of 12 new southern constellations.", "title": "Frederick de Houtman" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gibbs Point, a rock point on the Antarctic Peninsula, the most northern area of the continent of Antarctica, was named for African American Antarctic explorer, George W. Gibbs, Jr. on September 2, 2009. On that date, the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (U.S. Board on Geographic Names) confirmed the place name in Antarctica for Gibbs as the first black explorer to set foot on the continent. Gibbs Point is a rock point forming the northwest entrance to Gaul Cove, on the northeast of Horseshoe Island, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula.", "title": "Gibbs Point" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.", "title": "History of the west coast of North America" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pennell Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. To the west of Cape Williams lies Oates Coast, and to the east and south of Cape Adare lies Borchgrevink Coast. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Lieutenant Harry Pennell, Royal Navy, commander of the Terra Nova, the expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Pennell engaged in oceanographic work in the Ross Sea during this period. In February 1911 he sailed along this coast in exploration and an endeavor to land the Northern Party led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell.", "title": "Pennell Coast" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.", "title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 on an expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias. Just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of Manuel I of Portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continuing to the eastern coast of Africa to Malindi to sail across the Indian Ocean to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast. in south India -- the capital of the local Zamorin rulers. The wealth of the Indies was now open for the Europeans to explore; the Portuguese Empire was the earliest European seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade.", "title": "Spice trade" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.", "title": "John Cabot" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The recorded history of Maryland dates back to when Europeans began exploring the area, starting with the Italian / Venetian John Cabot (c. 1450 -- c. 1500), exploring the coast of the continent of North America for England in 1498. The first European settlements were made in 1634, when the English arrived in significant numbers and created a permanent colony. Maryland was notable for having been established with religious freedom for Roman Catholics. Like other colonies of the Chesapeake Bay, its economy was based on tobacco as a commodity crop, cultivated primarily by African slave labor, although many young people came from Britain as indentured servants in the early years.", "title": "History of Maryland" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500.", "title": "Exploration of North America" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "José Ulises Solís Perez (born August 28, 1981 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican professional boxer and is the current IBF light Flyweight champion. He recently got into a street fight with light middleweight champ Saul Alvarez and had his jaw broken. He plans on pressing charges against Alvarez. His brother also is current WBA Super Featherweight Champion Jorge Solís.", "title": "Ulises Solís" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration.", "title": "Wilkins Runway" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.", "title": "Paula Santiago" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Guadalajara", "id": 726675, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "César Gaytan >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "North America", "id": 508773, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "#1 >> continent" }, { "answer": "John Cabot", "id": 85832, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Cabot", "id": 745702, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "#3 >> child" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.", "title": "History of the west coast of North America" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea. After that, Janszoon crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea into the Gulf of Carpentaria, without being aware of the existence of Torres Strait. The Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in February 1606, a few months before Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through it. On 26 February 1606, Janzoon made landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of Cape York in Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea.", "title": "Willem Janszoon" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pedro Álvares Cabral (European Portuguese: (ˈpeðɾu ˈaɫvɐr (ɨ) ʃ kɐˈβɾaɫ) or Brazilian Portuguese: (ˈpedɾu ˈawvaɾis kaˈbɾaw); c. 1467 or 1468 -- c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil. In 1500 Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal. While details of Cabral's early life remain unclear, it is known that he came from a minor noble family and received a good education. He was appointed to head an expedition to India in 1500, following Vasco da Gama's newly - opened route around Africa. The undertaking had the aim of returning with valuable spices and of establishing trade relations in India -- bypassing the monopoly on the spice trade then in the hands of Arab, Turkish and Italian merchants. Although the previous expedition of Vasco da Gama to India, on its sea route, had recorded signs of land west of the southern Atlantic Ocean (in 1497), Cabral is regarded as the first captain who ever touched four continents, leading the first expedition that united Europe, Africa, America, and Asia.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia (1770 in Genoa – September 7, 1845 in Paris) was an explorer, navigator and Italian Egyptologist. He was one of the pioneers of Egyptian archeology of his time. He was influential in the excavation of the Sphinx of Giza near Cairo.", "title": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The recorded history of Maryland dates back to when Europeans began exploring the area, starting with the Italian / Venetian John Cabot (c. 1450 -- c. 1500), exploring the coast of the continent of North America for England in 1498. The first European settlements were made in 1634, when the English arrived in significant numbers and created a permanent colony. Maryland was notable for having been established with religious freedom for Roman Catholics. Like other colonies of the Chesapeake Bay, its economy was based on tobacco as a commodity crop, cultivated primarily by African slave labor, although many young people came from Britain as indentured servants in the early years.", "title": "History of Maryland" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the founding of the colony of New South Wales in 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland, under the administration of the colonial government in Sydney. The first European settlement in the area later known as Victoria was established in October 1803 under Lieutenant-Governor David Collins at Sullivan Bay on Port Phillip. It consisted of 402 people (5 Government officials, 9 officers of marines, 2 drummers, and 39 privates, 5 soldiers' wives, and a child, 307 convicts, 17 convicts' wives, and 7 children). They had been sent from England in HMS Calcutta under the command of Captain Daniel Woodriff, principally out of fear that the French, who had been exploring the area, might establish their own settlement and thereby challenge British rights to the continent.", "title": "Victoria (Australia)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "César Gaytan (born July 15, 1993 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is an undefeated Mexican professional boxer in the Bantamweight division.", "title": "César Gaytan" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Notable Greek seafarers include people such as Pytheas of Marseilles, Scylax of Caryanda who sailed to Iberia and beyond, Nearchus, the 6th century merchant and later monk Cosmas Indicopleustes (Cosmas who sailed to India) and the explorer of the Northwestern passage Juan de Fuca. In later times, the Romioi plied the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean and controlled trade until an embargo imposed by the Roman Emperor on trade with the Caliphate opened the door for the later Italian pre-eminence in trade.", "title": "Greeks" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.", "title": "Paula Santiago" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For centuries, European explorers sought a navigable passage as a possible trade route to Asia. An ice - bound northern route was discovered in 1850 by the Irish explorer Robert McClure; it was through a more southerly opening in an area explored by the Scotsman John Rae in 1854 that Norwegian Roald Amundsen made the first complete passage in 1903 -- 1906. Until 2009, the Arctic pack ice prevented regular marine shipping throughout most of the year. Arctic sea ice decline has rendered the waterways more navigable for ice navigation.", "title": "Northwest Passage" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.", "title": "John Cabot" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gibbs Point, a rock point on the Antarctic Peninsula, the most northern area of the continent of Antarctica, was named for African American Antarctic explorer, George W. Gibbs, Jr. on September 2, 2009. On that date, the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (U.S. Board on Geographic Names) confirmed the place name in Antarctica for Gibbs as the first black explorer to set foot on the continent. Gibbs Point is a rock point forming the northwest entrance to Gaul Cove, on the northeast of Horseshoe Island, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula.", "title": "Gibbs Point" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 on an expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias. Just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of Manuel I of Portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continuing to the eastern coast of Africa to Malindi to sail across the Indian Ocean to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast. in south India -- the capital of the local Zamorin rulers. The wealth of the Indies was now open for the Europeans to explore; the Portuguese Empire was the earliest European seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade.", "title": "Spice trade" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration.", "title": "Wilkins Runway" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.", "title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.", "title": "David Melgueiro" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Newport News", "id": 39871, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Along with Williamsburg, what city's rail traffic uses the Main Street Station?" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "id": 314549, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity" }, { "answer": "Atlantic Ocean", "id": 131976, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Which is the body of water by #2 ?" }, { "answer": "usually in the summer or fall", "id": 56103, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "when do hurricanes occur in #3" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The interchange consists of a National Rail station, a London Underground station and two bus stations, all interconnected. The main entrances are by the eastern bus station on Station Place. The National Rail ticket office here lies in between one entrance marked by the Underground roundel symbol, while the other is marked by the National Rail symbol, and provides direct access to the main line platforms. There is another exit by the western bus station along Wells Terrace, incorporating the Underground ticket office, plus a narrow side entrance to the south on the A503 Seven Sisters Road. The complex is located in Travelcard Zone 2.", "title": "Finsbury Park station" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dallas Municipal Building is a Dallas Landmark located along S. Harwood Street between Main and Commerce Street in the Main Street District of downtown Dallas, Texas that served as the city's fourth City Hall. The structure is also a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark and a contributing property in the Harwood Street Historic District, located across the street from Main Street Garden Park.", "title": "Dallas Municipal Building" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "San Juan is located along the north - eastern coast of Puerto Rico. It lies south of the Atlantic Ocean; north of Caguas and Trujillo Alto; east of and Guaynabo; and west of Carolina. The city occupies an area of 76.93 square miles (199.2 km), of which, 29.11 square miles (75.4 km) (37.83%) is water. San Juan's main water bodies are San Juan Bay and two natural lagoons, the Condado and San José.", "title": "San Juan, Puerto Rico" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway is a railway line in Finland. The line is owned and maintained by the Finnish Rail Administration. It connects the city of Oulu to station at Kontiomäki, which is a junction of five railway lines in Paltamo municipality, approximately north from the city of Kajaani. The line is single-tracked and electrified with a total length of . The traffic is controlled via centralized traffic control by the operator located in Oulu rail traffic control center at Oulu railway station. The line follows the south shore of Oulu River.", "title": "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McCarren Park is a public park in Brooklyn, New York City. It is located in both Williamsburg, Brooklyn and Greenpoint, Brooklyn and is bordered by Nassau Avenue, Bayard Street, Lorimer Street and North 12th Street. It is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Opened in 1906 and originally named Greenpoint Park, the park was renamed McCarren Park in 1909 after State Senator Patrick H. McCarren (1849–1909), who began work as a cooper at Williamsburg sugar refineries and eventually became the Democratic boss of Brooklyn. The park is a popular destination for recreational softball, volleyball, soccer, handball, and other games. It is also used for sunbathing and dog-walking. In late 2004, the park's track was resurfaced and has been a popular destination for running enthusiasts.", "title": "McCarren Park" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kipling GO Station is a GO Transit railway station along the Milton line rail corridor in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 27 St. Albans Road in the Islington-City Centre West neighbourhood of Toronto (formerly Etobicoke), near Dundas Street. It is connected to the TTC's Kipling station on the Bloor-Danforth subway line which is right underneath it.", "title": "Kipling GO Station" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mosaic Dallas, formerly Fidelity Union Life Insurance Building, is a residential development in the City Center District of downtown Dallas, Texas (USA), adjacent to Thanks-giving Square. The complex is located at 300 North Akard Street, across the street from DART's Akard Station, which serves its , and light rail lines.", "title": "Mosaic Dallas" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Melbourne rail network has its origins in privately built lines from the 1850s gold rush era, and today the suburban network consists of 209 suburban stations on 16 lines which radiate from the City Loop, a partially underground metro section of the network beneath the Central Business District (Hoddle Grid). Flinders Street Station is Melbourne's busiest railway station, and was the world's busiest passenger station in 1926. It remains a prominent Melbourne landmark and meeting place. The city has rail connections with regional Victorian cities, as well as direct interstate rail services to Sydney and Adelaide and beyond which depart from Melbourne's other major rail terminus, Southern Cross Station in Spencer Street. In the 2013–2014 financial year, the Melbourne rail network recorded 232.0 million passenger trips, the highest in its history. Many rail lines, along with dedicated lines and rail yards are also used for freight. The Overland to Adelaide departs Southern Cross twice a week, while the XPT to Sydney departs twice a day.", "title": "Melbourne" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Virginia has a total area of , including of water, making it the 35th-largest state by area. Virginia is bordered by Maryland and Washington, D.C. to the north and east; by the Atlantic Ocean to the east; by North Carolina to the south; by Tennessee to the southwest; by Kentucky to the west; and by West Virginia to the north and west. Virginia's boundary with Maryland and Washington, D.C. extends to the low-water mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, though surveyor error led to deviations of as much as three arcminutes. The border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U.S. Supreme Court.", "title": "Virginia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The State Railways Administration of Uruguay (AFE) operates three commuter rail lines, namely the Empalme Olmos, San Jose and Florida. These lines operate to major suburban areas of Canelones, San José and Florida. Within the Montevideo city limits, local trains stop at Lorenzo Carnelli, Yatai (Step Mill), Sayago, Columbus (line to San Jose and Florida), Peñarol and Manga (line Empalme Olmos) stations. The historic 19th century General Artigas Central Station located in the neighbourhood of Aguada, six blocks from the central business district, was abandoned 1 March 2003 and remains closed. A new station, 500 metres (1,600 ft) north of the old one and part of the Tower of Communications modern complex, has taken over the rail traffic.", "title": "Montevideo" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Waban is a surface-level light rail station on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's Green Line \"D\" Branch, located just south of Beacon Street at Waban Square in the Waban section of Newton, Massachusetts. The station is located below grade; access to both platforms is via Wyman Street on the outbound side of the tracks or a stairway from Beacon Street. Waban is not accessible.", "title": "Waban station" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Newport News is included in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It is at the southeastern end of the Virginia Peninsula, on the northern shore of the James River extending southeast from Skiffe's Creek along many miles of waterfront to the river's mouth at Newport News Point on the harbor of Hampton Roads. The area now known as Newport News was once a part of Warwick County. Warwick County was one of the eight original shires of Virginia, formed by the House of Burgesses in the British Colony of Virginia by order of King Charles I in 1634. The county was largely composed of farms and undeveloped land until almost 250 years later.", "title": "Newport News, Virginia" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Refugio is a station on line 1 of the Guadalajara light rail system in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Mexico. The station is located just north of the Parish Church of Our Lady of Refuge (La Parroquia de Nuestra Señora del Refugio) on Del Federalismo between Joaquín Angulo and Herrera y Cairo streets in the city centre.", "title": "Refugio (SITEUR)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "An Atlantic hurricane or tropical storm is a tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean, usually in the summer or fall. A hurricane differs from a cyclone or typhoon only on the basis of location. A hurricane is a storm that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean, a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, and a cyclone occurs in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean.", "title": "Atlantic hurricane" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tottenham railway station is located on the Sunbury line in Victoria, Australia. It serves the western Melbourne suburbs of Tottenham and West Footscray, opening on 2 March 1891. It is located above the Ashley Street rail overpass, which provides station access.", "title": "Tottenham railway station" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kera is a station on the VR commuter rail network located in Karamalmi, a district of the city of Espoo in Finland. It is situated between stations Kilo railway station and Kauniainen railway station. It is located about to the northwest/west of Helsinki Central railway station.", "title": "Kera railway station" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Metropolitan Avenue/Lorimer Street is an underground New York City Subway station complex shared by the BMT Canarsie Line and the IND Crosstown Line. Located in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, the complex is served by the G and L trains at all times.", "title": "Metropolitan Avenue/Lorimer Street station" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A typhoon differs from a cyclone or hurricane only on the basis of location. A hurricane is a storm that occurs in the Atlantic Ocean and northeastern Pacific Ocean, a typhoon occurs in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, and a cyclone occurs in the south Pacific or Indian Ocean.", "title": "Typhoon" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Monongahela City Bridge spans the Monongahela River from the City of Monongahela in Washington County, Pennsylvania to Forward Township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. It was constructed to replace a bridge which was 1/4 of a mile north of its location at First and Main Streets, and it opened to traffic in 1990.", "title": "Monongahela City Bridge" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all service to and from all points south including, Raleigh, Durham, Savannah, Newport News, Williamsburg and Florida. Richmond's only railway station located within the city limits, the historic Main Street Station, was renovated in 2004. As of 2010, the station only receives trains headed to and from Newport News and Williamsburg due to track layout. As a result, the Staples Mill Road station receives more trains and serves more passengers overall.", "title": "Richmond, Virginia" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Newport News", "id": 39871, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Along with Williamsburg, what city's rail traffic uses the Main Street Station?" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "id": 314549, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity" }, { "answer": "Atlantic Ocean", "id": 131976, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "Which is the body of water by #2 ?" }, { "answer": "around 140 million years ago", "id": 44892, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "when did #3 start to open" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Booval railway station is located on the Main line in Queensland, Australia. It serves the suburb of Booval in City of Ipswich. It opened in 1876.", "title": "Booval railway station" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Addison Transit Center is a bus-only station located along Quorum Drive and Addison Road in Addison, Texas (USA). The station opened in 1999. This transit center will become a future rail station on the Silver Line as part of DART's 2030 Transit System Plan.", "title": "Addison Transit Center" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nizamuddin हज़रत निज़ामुद्दीन Rapid transit, Light rail, Commuter rail & Regional rail station Location New Delhi, Delhi India 28 ° 35 ′ 21 ''N 77 ° 15 ′ 15'' E  /  28.58917 ° N 77.25417 ° E  / 28.58917; 77.25417 Elevation 206.7 metres (678 ft) Platforms 7 Construction Structure type Standard (on ground station) Parking Yes Other information Status Functioning Station code NZM Zone (s) Northern Railway zone Division (s) Delhi Electrified Yes Traffic Passengers (Daily) 360,000 + Location Nizamuddin Location within Delhi", "title": "Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Newport News is included in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It is at the southeastern end of the Virginia Peninsula, on the northern shore of the James River extending southeast from Skiffe's Creek along many miles of waterfront to the river's mouth at Newport News Point on the harbor of Hampton Roads. The area now known as Newport News was once a part of Warwick County. Warwick County was one of the eight original shires of Virginia, formed by the House of Burgesses in the British Colony of Virginia by order of King Charles I in 1634. The county was largely composed of farms and undeveloped land until almost 250 years later.", "title": "Newport News, Virginia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kennedytunnel is an important road, rail and bicycle tunnel to the south of Antwerp, Belgium under the Scheldt river. The road tunnel forms a part of Highway R1, the not yet completed inner ring motorway surrounding the city. Opened to road traffic on 31 May 1969, and to rail traffic on 1 February 1970, the tunnel was named after John F. Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States.", "title": "Kennedytunnel" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Montclair-Boonton Line is a commuter rail line of New Jersey Transit Rail Operations in the United States. It is part of the Hoboken Division. The line is a consolidation of three individual lines: the former Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad's Montclair Branch, which ran from Hoboken Terminal to Bay Street, Montclair; the Erie Railroad's Greenwood Lake Division (segment from Montclair to Mountain View-Wayne), which originally ran from the Erie's Jersey City Terminal to Greenwood Lake, NY; and the former Lackawanna Boonton Line, which ran from Hoboken to Hackettstown, New Jersey. The Montclair-Boonton line was formed when the Montclair Connection opened on September 30, 2002. The line serves 28 active rail stations in New Jersey along with New York Pennsylvania Station. It crosses through six counties, serving six stations in the township of Montclair, two in the town of Bloomfield, and one in the city of Newark. Trains along the Montclair-Boonton Line heading eastward usually originate at Hackettstown, Mount Olive, Lake Hopatcong, Dover, or Montclair State University, bound for either Hoboken Terminal or New York Penn Station.", "title": "Montclair-Boonton Line" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Virginia has a total area of , including of water, making it the 35th-largest state by area. Virginia is bordered by Maryland and Washington, D.C. to the north and east; by the Atlantic Ocean to the east; by North Carolina to the south; by Tennessee to the southwest; by Kentucky to the west; and by West Virginia to the north and west. Virginia's boundary with Maryland and Washington, D.C. extends to the low-water mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, though surveyor error led to deviations of as much as three arcminutes. The border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U.S. Supreme Court.", "title": "Virginia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Monongahela City Bridge spans the Monongahela River from the City of Monongahela in Washington County, Pennsylvania to Forward Township in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. It was constructed to replace a bridge which was 1/4 of a mile north of its location at First and Main Streets, and it opened to traffic in 1990.", "title": "Monongahela City Bridge" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oslo West Station () or Oslo V, is a former railway station located in Vika in Oslo, Norway. It was the terminus of the Drammen Line between 1872 and 1980, until the Oslo Tunnel opened. The station remained in use until 1989, when all traffic was moved to the new Oslo Central Station. Until its closure it was the main station for trains on the Sørland Line, the Drammen Line and the Vestfold Line. There was no passenger rail connection to Oslo Ø, the eastern station that served the eastern lines and trains to Bergen. The only connection was the Oslo Port Line that went partially through some of the most trafficked streets in Oslo.", "title": "Oslo West Station" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Metropolitan Avenue/Lorimer Street is an underground New York City Subway station complex shared by the BMT Canarsie Line and the IND Crosstown Line. Located in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, the complex is served by the G and L trains at all times.", "title": "Metropolitan Avenue/Lorimer Street station" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "San Juan is located along the north - eastern coast of Puerto Rico. It lies south of the Atlantic Ocean; north of Caguas and Trujillo Alto; east of and Guaynabo; and west of Carolina. The city occupies an area of 76.93 square miles (199.2 km), of which, 29.11 square miles (75.4 km) (37.83%) is water. San Juan's main water bodies are San Juan Bay and two natural lagoons, the Condado and San José.", "title": "San Juan, Puerto Rico" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rocks from the North Atlantic Igneous Province have been found in Greenland, the Irminger Basin, Faroe Islands, Vøring Plateau (off Norway), Faroe - Shetland Basin, Hebrides, Outer Moray Firth and Denmark. The supercontinent known as Pangea existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras and began to rift around 200 million years ago. Pangea had three major phases of breakup. The first major phase began in the Early - Middle Jurassic, taking place between North America and Africa. The second major phase of breakup began in the Early Cretaceous. The South Atlantic Ocean opened around 140 million years ago as Africa separated from South America, and about the same time, India separated from Antarctica and Australia, forming the central Indian Ocean. The final major phase of breakup occurred in the early Cenozoic, as Laurentia separated from Eurasia. As the two plates broke free from each other, the Atlantic Ocean continued to expand.", "title": "Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Navigation Road is a station that serves both Northern and Manchester Metrolink located in the east of Altrincham, in Greater Manchester, England. It consists of a Northern-operated heavy rail station on the Mid-Cheshire Line, and an adjoining light rail stop on the Altrincham Line of Greater Manchester's Metrolink network. The original heavy rail element of the station was opened by the Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway in 1931, and the Metrolink element opened in 1992. A level crossing operates at the southern end of the station.", "title": "Navigation Road station" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kipling GO Station is a GO Transit railway station along the Milton line rail corridor in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 27 St. Albans Road in the Islington-City Centre West neighbourhood of Toronto (formerly Etobicoke), near Dundas Street. It is connected to the TTC's Kipling station on the Bloor-Danforth subway line which is right underneath it.", "title": "Kipling GO Station" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dallas Municipal Building is a Dallas Landmark located along S. Harwood Street between Main and Commerce Street in the Main Street District of downtown Dallas, Texas that served as the city's fourth City Hall. The structure is also a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark and a contributing property in the Harwood Street Historic District, located across the street from Main Street Garden Park.", "title": "Dallas Municipal Building" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The interchange consists of a National Rail station, a London Underground station and two bus stations, all interconnected. The main entrances are by the eastern bus station on Station Place. The National Rail ticket office here lies in between one entrance marked by the Underground roundel symbol, while the other is marked by the National Rail symbol, and provides direct access to the main line platforms. There is another exit by the western bus station along Wells Terrace, incorporating the Underground ticket office, plus a narrow side entrance to the south on the A503 Seven Sisters Road. The complex is located in Travelcard Zone 2.", "title": "Finsbury Park station" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all service to and from all points south including, Raleigh, Durham, Savannah, Newport News, Williamsburg and Florida. Richmond's only railway station located within the city limits, the historic Main Street Station, was renovated in 2004. As of 2010, the station only receives trains headed to and from Newport News and Williamsburg due to track layout. As a result, the Staples Mill Road station receives more trains and serves more passengers overall.", "title": "Richmond, Virginia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Melbourne rail network has its origins in privately built lines from the 1850s gold rush era, and today the suburban network consists of 209 suburban stations on 16 lines which radiate from the City Loop, a partially underground metro section of the network beneath the Central Business District (Hoddle Grid). Flinders Street Station is Melbourne's busiest railway station, and was the world's busiest passenger station in 1926. It remains a prominent Melbourne landmark and meeting place. The city has rail connections with regional Victorian cities, as well as direct interstate rail services to Sydney and Adelaide and beyond which depart from Melbourne's other major rail terminus, Southern Cross Station in Spencer Street. In the 2013–2014 financial year, the Melbourne rail network recorded 232.0 million passenger trips, the highest in its history. Many rail lines, along with dedicated lines and rail yards are also used for freight. The Overland to Adelaide departs Southern Cross twice a week, while the XPT to Sydney departs twice a day.", "title": "Melbourne" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tanum Tunnel () is double-track railway tunnel on the Asker Line, between Jong in Bærum and Åstad in Asker, Norway. It was built as part of the first stage of the Asker Line, between Asker and Sandvika; construction started in February 2002 and the tunnel opened on 27 August 2005. The tunnel was built by AF Gruppen for the Norwegian National Rail Administration. Most of the tunneling was conducted using the drilling and blasting method, although the easternmost were built using the cut-and-cover method. After the tunnel opened, there have been problems with leaks damaging the superstructure. The tunnel has double track, is electrified and allows for a maximum speed of . The cost to build the tunnel, excluding the superstructure, was 370 million Norwegian krone (NOK). The tunnel will accelerate intercity and regional traffic west of Oslo and free up capacity for the Oslo Commuter Rail on the Drammen Line.", "title": "Tanum Tunnel" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway is a railway line in Finland. The line is owned and maintained by the Finnish Rail Administration. It connects the city of Oulu to station at Kontiomäki, which is a junction of five railway lines in Paltamo municipality, approximately north from the city of Kajaani. The line is single-tracked and electrified with a total length of . The traffic is controlled via centralized traffic control by the operator located in Oulu rail traffic control center at Oulu railway station. The line follows the south shore of Oulu River.", "title": "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Newport News", "id": 39871, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Along with Williamsburg, what city's rail traffic uses the Main Street Station?" }, { "answer": "Virginia", "id": 314549, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity" }, { "answer": "Atlantic Ocean", "id": 131976, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Which is the body of water by #2 ?" }, { "answer": "Florida Straits", "id": 44528, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "where does the gulf and #3 meet" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Herbesthal railway station was the Prussian/German frontier station on the main railway from Germany into Belgium between 1843 and 1920. It opened to rail traffic on 15 October 1843, and was thereby the oldest railway station frontier crossing in the world. It lost its border status on 10 January 1920, however, as a result of changes mandated in the Treaty of Versailles, which left Herbesthal more than 10 km (6 miles) inside Belgium.", "title": "Herbesthal railway station" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The State Railways Administration of Uruguay (AFE) operates three commuter rail lines, namely the Empalme Olmos, San Jose and Florida. These lines operate to major suburban areas of Canelones, San José and Florida. Within the Montevideo city limits, local trains stop at Lorenzo Carnelli, Yatai (Step Mill), Sayago, Columbus (line to San Jose and Florida), Peñarol and Manga (line Empalme Olmos) stations. The historic 19th century General Artigas Central Station located in the neighbourhood of Aguada, six blocks from the central business district, was abandoned 1 March 2003 and remains closed. A new station, 500 metres (1,600 ft) north of the old one and part of the Tower of Communications modern complex, has taken over the rail traffic.", "title": "Montevideo" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The interchange consists of a National Rail station, a London Underground station and two bus stations, all interconnected. The main entrances are by the eastern bus station on Station Place. The National Rail ticket office here lies in between one entrance marked by the Underground roundel symbol, while the other is marked by the National Rail symbol, and provides direct access to the main line platforms. There is another exit by the western bus station along Wells Terrace, incorporating the Underground ticket office, plus a narrow side entrance to the south on the A503 Seven Sisters Road. The complex is located in Travelcard Zone 2.", "title": "Finsbury Park station" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mälartorget () is a public square in Gamla stan, the old town in central Stockholm, Sweden, named after its location on the western waterfront of the old town facing Lake Mälaren. Connected to the square are the streets and alleys Munkbrogatan, Schönfeldts Gränd, Tyska Brinken, and Lejonstedts Gränd, while the traffic route Munkbroleden separates its from the quay. The main exit of the Gamla stan metro station is located on Mälartorget.", "title": "Mälartorget" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mosaic Dallas, formerly Fidelity Union Life Insurance Building, is a residential development in the City Center District of downtown Dallas, Texas (USA), adjacent to Thanks-giving Square. The complex is located at 300 North Akard Street, across the street from DART's Akard Station, which serves its , and light rail lines.", "title": "Mosaic Dallas" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dallas Municipal Building is a Dallas Landmark located along S. Harwood Street between Main and Commerce Street in the Main Street District of downtown Dallas, Texas that served as the city's fourth City Hall. The structure is also a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark and a contributing property in the Harwood Street Historic District, located across the street from Main Street Garden Park.", "title": "Dallas Municipal Building" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Refugio is a station on line 1 of the Guadalajara light rail system in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, Mexico. The station is located just north of the Parish Church of Our Lady of Refuge (La Parroquia de Nuestra Señora del Refugio) on Del Federalismo between Joaquín Angulo and Herrera y Cairo streets in the city centre.", "title": "Refugio (SITEUR)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Virginia has a total area of , including of water, making it the 35th-largest state by area. Virginia is bordered by Maryland and Washington, D.C. to the north and east; by the Atlantic Ocean to the east; by North Carolina to the south; by Tennessee to the southwest; by Kentucky to the west; and by West Virginia to the north and west. Virginia's boundary with Maryland and Washington, D.C. extends to the low-water mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, though surveyor error led to deviations of as much as three arcminutes. The border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U.S. Supreme Court.", "title": "Virginia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Villa District, also known as Villa Historic District, () is a historic district in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is located on Chicago's Northwest Side within the community area of Irving Park. Its borders are along Pulaski Road to the west, the Union Pacific/Northwest rail line to the north, Hamlin Avenue to the east, and Addison Street to the south. Located directly north of the Wacławowo area of Avondale, the Villa District is serviced by the Blue Line's Addison street station.", "title": "Villa District" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tottenham railway station is located on the Sunbury line in Victoria, Australia. It serves the western Melbourne suburbs of Tottenham and West Footscray, opening on 2 March 1891. It is located above the Ashley Street rail overpass, which provides station access.", "title": "Tottenham railway station" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Newport News is included in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. It is at the southeastern end of the Virginia Peninsula, on the northern shore of the James River extending southeast from Skiffe's Creek along many miles of waterfront to the river's mouth at Newport News Point on the harbor of Hampton Roads. The area now known as Newport News was once a part of Warwick County. Warwick County was one of the eight original shires of Virginia, formed by the House of Burgesses in the British Colony of Virginia by order of King Charles I in 1634. The county was largely composed of farms and undeveloped land until almost 250 years later.", "title": "Newport News, Virginia" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Melbourne rail network has its origins in privately built lines from the 1850s gold rush era, and today the suburban network consists of 209 suburban stations on 16 lines which radiate from the City Loop, a partially underground metro section of the network beneath the Central Business District (Hoddle Grid). Flinders Street Station is Melbourne's busiest railway station, and was the world's busiest passenger station in 1926. It remains a prominent Melbourne landmark and meeting place. The city has rail connections with regional Victorian cities, as well as direct interstate rail services to Sydney and Adelaide and beyond which depart from Melbourne's other major rail terminus, Southern Cross Station in Spencer Street. In the 2013–2014 financial year, the Melbourne rail network recorded 232.0 million passenger trips, the highest in its history. Many rail lines, along with dedicated lines and rail yards are also used for freight. The Overland to Adelaide departs Southern Cross twice a week, while the XPT to Sydney departs twice a day.", "title": "Melbourne" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McCarren Park is a public park in Brooklyn, New York City. It is located in both Williamsburg, Brooklyn and Greenpoint, Brooklyn and is bordered by Nassau Avenue, Bayard Street, Lorimer Street and North 12th Street. It is operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Opened in 1906 and originally named Greenpoint Park, the park was renamed McCarren Park in 1909 after State Senator Patrick H. McCarren (1849–1909), who began work as a cooper at Williamsburg sugar refineries and eventually became the Democratic boss of Brooklyn. The park is a popular destination for recreational softball, volleyball, soccer, handball, and other games. It is also used for sunbathing and dog-walking. In late 2004, the park's track was resurfaced and has been a popular destination for running enthusiasts.", "title": "McCarren Park" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kipling GO Station is a GO Transit railway station along the Milton line rail corridor in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 27 St. Albans Road in the Islington-City Centre West neighbourhood of Toronto (formerly Etobicoke), near Dundas Street. It is connected to the TTC's Kipling station on the Bloor-Danforth subway line which is right underneath it.", "title": "Kipling GO Station" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Richmond area also has two railroad stations served by Amtrak. Each station receives regular service from north of Richmond including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and New York. The suburban Staples Mill Road Station is located on a major north-south freight line and receives all service to and from all points south including, Raleigh, Durham, Savannah, Newport News, Williamsburg and Florida. Richmond's only railway station located within the city limits, the historic Main Street Station, was renovated in 2004. As of 2010, the station only receives trains headed to and from Newport News and Williamsburg due to track layout. As a result, the Staples Mill Road station receives more trains and serves more passengers overall.", "title": "Richmond, Virginia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nizamuddin हज़रत निज़ामुद्दीन Rapid transit, Light rail, Commuter rail & Regional rail station Location New Delhi, Delhi India 28 ° 35 ′ 21 ''N 77 ° 15 ′ 15'' E  /  28.58917 ° N 77.25417 ° E  / 28.58917; 77.25417 Elevation 206.7 metres (678 ft) Platforms 7 Construction Structure type Standard (on ground station) Parking Yes Other information Status Functioning Station code NZM Zone (s) Northern Railway zone Division (s) Delhi Electrified Yes Traffic Passengers (Daily) 360,000 + Location Nizamuddin Location within Delhi", "title": "Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics. The Gulf's basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km; 930 mi) wide and floored by sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km (615,000 sq mi). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km or 600,000 cu mi).", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Waban is a surface-level light rail station on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's Green Line \"D\" Branch, located just south of Beacon Street at Waban Square in the Waban section of Newton, Massachusetts. The station is located below grade; access to both platforms is via Wyman Street on the outbound side of the tracks or a stairway from Beacon Street. Waban is not accessible.", "title": "Waban station" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kera is a station on the VR commuter rail network located in Karamalmi, a district of the city of Espoo in Finland. It is situated between stations Kilo railway station and Kauniainen railway station. It is located about to the northwest/west of Helsinki Central railway station.", "title": "Kera railway station" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway is a railway line in Finland. The line is owned and maintained by the Finnish Rail Administration. It connects the city of Oulu to station at Kontiomäki, which is a junction of five railway lines in Paltamo municipality, approximately north from the city of Kajaani. The line is single-tracked and electrified with a total length of . The traffic is controlled via centralized traffic control by the operator located in Oulu rail traffic control center at Oulu railway station. The line follows the south shore of Oulu River.", "title": "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway" } ]

[ "FL", "Florida" ]

[ { "answer": "Guadalajara", "id": 483807, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Hugo Casillas >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "North America", "id": 508773, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "#1 >> continent" }, { "answer": "John Cabot", "id": 85832, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Cabot", "id": 745702, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "#3 >> child" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frederick de Houtman (1571 – 21 October 1627), or Frederik de Houtman, was a Dutch explorer who sailed along the Western coast of Australia en route to Batavia, known today as Jakarta in Indonesia. He made observations of the southern stars and possibly contributed to the creation of 12 new southern constellations.", "title": "Frederick de Houtman" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cosette is a fictional character in the novel \"Les Misérables\" by Victor Hugo and in the many adaptations of the story for stage, film, and television. Her birth name, Euphrasie, is only mentioned briefly. As the orphaned child of an unmarried mother deserted by her father, Hugo never gives her a surname. In the course of the novel, she is mistakenly identified as \"Ursule\", \"Lark\", or \"Mademoiselle Lanoire\".", "title": "Cosette" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pedro Álvares Cabral (European Portuguese: (ˈpeðɾu ˈaɫvɐr (ɨ) ʃ kɐˈβɾaɫ) or Brazilian Portuguese: (ˈpedɾu ˈawvaɾis kaˈbɾaw); c. 1467 or 1468 -- c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil. In 1500 Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal. While details of Cabral's early life remain unclear, it is known that he came from a minor noble family and received a good education. He was appointed to head an expedition to India in 1500, following Vasco da Gama's newly - opened route around Africa. The undertaking had the aim of returning with valuable spices and of establishing trade relations in India -- bypassing the monopoly on the spice trade then in the hands of Arab, Turkish and Italian merchants. Although the previous expedition of Vasco da Gama to India, on its sea route, had recorded signs of land west of the southern Atlantic Ocean (in 1497), Cabral is regarded as the first captain who ever touched four continents, leading the first expedition that united Europe, Africa, America, and Asia.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.", "title": "History of the west coast of North America" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde, explored the African coast, colonized selected areas of Africa, discovered an eastern route to India via the Cape of Good Hope, discovered Brazil, explored the Indian Ocean, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia, and sent the first direct European maritime trade and diplomatic missions to China and Japan.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gibbs Point, a rock point on the Antarctic Peninsula, the most northern area of the continent of Antarctica, was named for African American Antarctic explorer, George W. Gibbs, Jr. on September 2, 2009. On that date, the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (U.S. Board on Geographic Names) confirmed the place name in Antarctica for Gibbs as the first black explorer to set foot on the continent. Gibbs Point is a rock point forming the northwest entrance to Gaul Cove, on the northeast of Horseshoe Island, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula.", "title": "Gibbs Point" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.", "title": "Paula Santiago" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For centuries, European explorers sought a navigable passage as a possible trade route to Asia. An ice - bound northern route was discovered in 1850 by the Irish explorer Robert McClure; it was through a more southerly opening in an area explored by the Scotsman John Rae in 1854 that Norwegian Roald Amundsen made the first complete passage in 1903 -- 1906. Until 2009, the Arctic pack ice prevented regular marine shipping throughout most of the year. Arctic sea ice decline has rendered the waterways more navigable for ice navigation.", "title": "Northwest Passage" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.", "title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration.", "title": "Wilkins Runway" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hugo Casillas (born December 8, 1981 in Guadalajara, Jalisco) is a Mexican soccer player who currently plays defense for Anaheim Bolts of the Professional Arena Soccer League.", "title": "Hugo Casillas" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pennell Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. To the west of Cape Williams lies Oates Coast, and to the east and south of Cape Adare lies Borchgrevink Coast. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Lieutenant Harry Pennell, Royal Navy, commander of the Terra Nova, the expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Pennell engaged in oceanographic work in the Ross Sea during this period. In February 1911 he sailed along this coast in exploration and an endeavor to land the Northern Party led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell.", "title": "Pennell Coast" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500.", "title": "Exploration of North America" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Notable Greek seafarers include people such as Pytheas of Marseilles, Scylax of Caryanda who sailed to Iberia and beyond, Nearchus, the 6th century merchant and later monk Cosmas Indicopleustes (Cosmas who sailed to India) and the explorer of the Northwestern passage Juan de Fuca. In later times, the Romioi plied the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean and controlled trade until an embargo imposed by the Roman Emperor on trade with the Caliphate opened the door for the later Italian pre-eminence in trade.", "title": "Greeks" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea. After that, Janszoon crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea into the Gulf of Carpentaria, without being aware of the existence of Torres Strait. The Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in February 1606, a few months before Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through it. On 26 February 1606, Janzoon made landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of Cape York in Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea.", "title": "Willem Janszoon" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.", "title": "John Cabot" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón (; Palos de la Frontera, Spain, c. 1462 – after 1514) was a Spanish navigator, explorer, and \"conquistador\", the younger of the Pinzón brothers. Along with his older brother, Martín Alonso Pinzón (\"c.\" 1441 – \"c.\" 1493), who captained the \"Pinta\", he sailed with Christopher Columbus on the first voyage to the New World, in 1492, as captain of the \"Niña\".", "title": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Markus Zusak", "id": 58323, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "who wrote the book thief soon to appear as a film" }, { "answer": "Australia", "id": 375563, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "#1 >> country of citizenship" }, { "answer": "New Zealand", "id": 161848, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "What country located near #2 was a first time participant in these games?" }, { "answer": "Michael Joseph Savage", "id": 44231, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "who was the leader of #3 during ww2" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfred Mayssonnié, nicknamed \"Maysso\" (10 February 1884 – 6 September 1914), was a French rugby union player who appeared three times for the country's national team, and was also the first rugby international from any country to die in action in World War I. A native of Lavernose, a village near Toulouse, he played as scrum-half and fly-half and is credited to this day by Stade Toulousain as the strategist of the club's first great teams in the early 20th century.", "title": "Alfred Mayssonnié" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kamilla and the Thief (\"Kamilla og Tyven\") is a Norwegian family movie from 1988 directed by Grete Salomonsen and produced by her husband Odd Hynnekleiv. The movie is an adaption from a Norwegian children's novel by Kari Vinje, and is the first feature film of renowned Norwegian actor Dennis Storhøi and also stars 1980s pop idol Morten Harket in a minor role. \"Kamilla and the Thief\" was a huge success in Norway, selling half a million tickets (in a country of about 4 million people). It was so popular that a sequel was made, Kamilla and the Thief II, which was released the year after. In 2005 both movies were digitally restored and released on DVD.", "title": "Kamilla and the Thief" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The games of the first genre are mostly single - screen platform / action puzzle types, featuring Donkey Kong as the opponent in an industrial construction setting. Donkey Kong first made his appearance in the 1981 arcade machine called Donkey Kong, in which he faced Mario, now Nintendo's flagship character. This game was also the first appearance of Mario, pre-dating the well - known Super Mario Bros. by four years. In 1994, the series was revived as the Donkey Kong Country series, featuring Donkey Kong and his clan as protagonists in their native jungle setting versus a variety of anthropomorphic enemies, usually against the Kremlings, a clan of crocodiles, and their leader King K. Rool. These are side - scrolling platform games. Titles outside these two genres have included rhythm games (Donkey Konga), racing games (Diddy Kong Racing), and edutainment (Donkey Kong Jr. Math).", "title": "Donkey Kong" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Demon Thief is a book in Darren Shan's \"Demonata\" series. Though it is the second book in the series, it is a prequel to \"Lord Loss\", the first book in the series. The protagonist is also different from that of the first book. The narrator here is a new character called Kernel Fleck, as opposed to Grubbs Grady, the protagonist of the first book. Demon Thief takes place about thirty years before \"Lord Loss\" so most of the characters from the first book did not appear, though a few did. It was also actually the sixth book of the Demonata to be written, although it was the second released.", "title": "Demon Thief" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2nd African Cross Country Championships was an international cross country running competition for African athletes which was held on 18 March 2012 in Cape Town's Keurboom Park in South Africa. Organised by the Confederation of African Athletics and Athletics South Africa, it was the first time that the competition represented that year's foremost event in the sport, as the IAAF World Cross Country Championships was not held. Twenty-one nations entered athletes into the event and 160 runners participated in the races.", "title": "2012 African Cross Country Championships" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Mask (published in some countries as Raffles: Further Adventures of the Amateur Cracksman) is the second collection of stories written by Ernest William Hornung in the A. J. Raffles series concerning a gentleman thief in late Victorian London. It was first published in 1901.", "title": "The Black Mask" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Where Dead Voices Gather is a book by Nick Tosches. It is, in part, a biography of Emmett Miller, one of the last minstrel singers. Just as importantly, it depicts Tosches' search for information about Miller, about whom he initially wrote in his book \"Country: The Twisted Roots of Rock and Roll\". It is also a study of minstrelsy and its connection to American folk music, country music, the blues and ultimately, rock and roll. In that way, it is a companion volume to his other books of music journalism, \"Country\" and \"Unsung Heroes of Rock N' Roll\".", "title": "Where Dead Voices Gather" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A record total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 member nations of the Asian Games Federation participated in the Games. The number of participating countries was also greatest in comparison to the first two editions of the Games.", "title": "1958 Asian Games" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.", "title": "The Messenger (Zusak novel)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albania first participated at the Summer Olympic Games in 1972. They missed the next four games, two of them due to the 1980 and 1984 boycotts, but returned for the 1992 games in Barcelona. They have appeared in all games since then. They made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 2006. Albania normally competes in events that include swimming, athletics, weightlifting, shooting and wrestling. The country has not yet won an Olympic medal, and along with Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is the only European non-microstate without an Olympic medal. They have been represented by the Albanian National Olympic Committee since 1972.", "title": "Albania at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Ticks ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in March 2007 as the first single from the album 5th Gear. It reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart and was featured as a downloadable track for the video game Guitar Hero: World Tour. Paisley wrote this song with Kelley Lovelace and Tim Owens.", "title": "Ticks (song)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forty - three countries participated in the contest, equalling the record of the 2008 and 2011 editions. Russia returned after their absence from the previous edition, and for the first time since 2011, no country withdrew from the contest.", "title": "Eurovision Song Contest 2018" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, appearing only in the Winter Olympic Games that year. Eight years later in 1972, the nation first participated at the Summer Olympic Games. Since then, the nation has appeared in every Summer Games, except when North Korea joined the Soviet - led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea.", "title": "North Korea at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.", "title": "1952 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zimbabwe participated for the first time at the Olympic Games under its current name in 1980, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then. Previously, it competed at the Games under the name Rhodesia in 1928, 1960 and 1964. The 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi marked Zimbabwe's first participation at the Winter Olympic Games, with Oskar Hauser, the Austrian born Zimbabwean, participating in the biathlon.", "title": "Zimbabwe at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brazil won the tournament after beating Italy 3 -- 2 in a penalty shootout at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California near Los Angeles, after the game had ended 0 -- 0 after extra time. It was the first World Cup final to be decided on penalties. The victory made Brazil the first nation to win four World Cup titles. Greece, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia made their first appearances at the tournament, as did Russia, following the breakup of the Soviet Union. A united Germany team took part in the tournament, as the country was reunified in 1990, a few months after West Germany's victory in the 1990 World Cup.", "title": "1994 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams.", "title": "The Book Thief (film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Book Thief Theatrical release poster Directed by Brian Percival Produced by Karen Rosenfelt Ken Blancato Screenplay by Michael Petroni Trudy White (novel) Based on The Book Thief by Markus Zusak Starring Geoffrey Rush Emily Watson Sophie Nélisse Narrated by Roger Allam Music by John Williams Cinematography Florian Ballhaus Edited by John Wilson Production company Fox 2000 Pictures Sunswept Entertainment Studio Babelsberg TSG Entertainment Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date October 3, 2013 (2013 - 10 - 03) (Mill Valley Film Festival) November 27, 2013 (2013 - 11 - 27) (United States) Running time 130 minutes Country United States Germany Language English German Budget $19 million Box office $76.6 million", "title": "The Book Thief (film)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Penstrowed near Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Lewis was educated at Levana School, Wimbledon, and Westfield College, London. She had a long period of work on the \"Sunday Times\", where she became assistant editor, and from 1944 until her death in 1979 she also wrote for the magazine \"Country Life\".", "title": "Eiluned Lewis" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "There was also a strong sentimental link between the former British colony and the United Kingdom, with many seeing Britain as the ``mother country ''or`` Home''. The New Zealand Prime Minister of the time Michael Joseph Savage summed this up at the outbreak of war with a broadcast on 5 September (largely written by the Solicitor - General Henry Cornish) that became a popular cry in New Zealand during the war:", "title": "Military history of New Zealand during World War II" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Guadalajara", "id": 271272, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Francisco Vázquez >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "North America", "id": 508773, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "#1 >> continent" }, { "answer": "John Cabot", "id": 85832, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Cabot", "id": 745702, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "#3 >> child" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Melgueiro (Porto, ? – Porto, 1673?) is supposed to have been a Portuguese navigator and explorer. He allegedly sailed across the Northeast Passage in 1660 by travelling from Japan to Portugal through the Arctic Ocean at a time when Portuguese vessels were banned from Japan.", "title": "David Melgueiro" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frederick de Houtman (1571 – 21 October 1627), or Frederik de Houtman, was a Dutch explorer who sailed along the Western coast of Australia en route to Batavia, known today as Jakarta in Indonesia. He made observations of the southern stars and possibly contributed to the creation of 12 new southern constellations.", "title": "Frederick de Houtman" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francisco de Eliza y Reventa (1759 – February 19, 1825) was a Spanish naval officer, navigator, and explorer. He is remembered mainly for his work in the Pacific Northwest. He was the commandant of the Spanish post in Nootka Sound on Vancouver Island, and led or dispatched several exploration voyages in the region, including the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Strait of Georgia.", "title": "Francisco de Eliza" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Notable Greek seafarers include people such as Pytheas of Marseilles, Scylax of Caryanda who sailed to Iberia and beyond, Nearchus, the 6th century merchant and later monk Cosmas Indicopleustes (Cosmas who sailed to India) and the explorer of the Northwestern passage Juan de Fuca. In later times, the Romioi plied the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean and controlled trade until an embargo imposed by the Roman Emperor on trade with the Caliphate opened the door for the later Italian pre-eminence in trade.", "title": "Greeks" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Francisco H. Vázquez (born June 11, 1949 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican-American scholar and public intellectual. Vázquez is currently a tenured professor of the history of ideas and director of the Hutchins Institute for Public Policy Studies and Community Action at the nationally known Hutchins School of Liberal Studies at Sonoma State University. He is also the director of the Hutchins Institute for Public Policy Studies and Community Action. He co-authored the prominent book \"Latino/a Thought: Culture, Politics, and Society\", (Rowman & Littlefield) with University of California Irvine professor Rodolfo D. Torres in 2003. A second edition by Vázquez alone was issued on December 2008.", "title": "Francisco H. Vázquez" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.", "title": "John Cabot" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500.", "title": "Exploration of North America" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.", "title": "Paula Santiago" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gibbs Point, a rock point on the Antarctic Peninsula, the most northern area of the continent of Antarctica, was named for African American Antarctic explorer, George W. Gibbs, Jr. on September 2, 2009. On that date, the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (U.S. Board on Geographic Names) confirmed the place name in Antarctica for Gibbs as the first black explorer to set foot on the continent. Gibbs Point is a rock point forming the northwest entrance to Gaul Cove, on the northeast of Horseshoe Island, Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula.", "title": "Gibbs Point" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.", "title": "History of the west coast of North America" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.", "title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francisco de Orellana (; 1511 – November 1546) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador. He completed the first known navigation of the entire length of the Amazon River, which initially was named \"Rio de Orellana.\" He also founded the city of Guayaquil in what is now Ecuador.", "title": "Francisco de Orellana" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pedro Álvares Cabral (European Portuguese: (ˈpeðɾu ˈaɫvɐr (ɨ) ʃ kɐˈβɾaɫ) or Brazilian Portuguese: (ˈpedɾu ˈawvaɾis kaˈbɾaw); c. 1467 or 1468 -- c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil. In 1500 Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal. While details of Cabral's early life remain unclear, it is known that he came from a minor noble family and received a good education. He was appointed to head an expedition to India in 1500, following Vasco da Gama's newly - opened route around Africa. The undertaking had the aim of returning with valuable spices and of establishing trade relations in India -- bypassing the monopoly on the spice trade then in the hands of Arab, Turkish and Italian merchants. Although the previous expedition of Vasco da Gama to India, on its sea route, had recorded signs of land west of the southern Atlantic Ocean (in 1497), Cabral is regarded as the first captain who ever touched four continents, leading the first expedition that united Europe, Africa, America, and Asia.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pennell Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. To the west of Cape Williams lies Oates Coast, and to the east and south of Cape Adare lies Borchgrevink Coast. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Lieutenant Harry Pennell, Royal Navy, commander of the Terra Nova, the expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Pennell engaged in oceanographic work in the Ross Sea during this period. In February 1911 he sailed along this coast in exploration and an endeavor to land the Northern Party led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell.", "title": "Pennell Coast" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration.", "title": "Wilkins Runway" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea. After that, Janszoon crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea into the Gulf of Carpentaria, without being aware of the existence of Torres Strait. The Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in February 1606, a few months before Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through it. On 26 February 1606, Janzoon made landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of Cape York in Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea.", "title": "Willem Janszoon" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 on an expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias. Just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of Manuel I of Portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continuing to the eastern coast of Africa to Malindi to sail across the Indian Ocean to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast. in south India -- the capital of the local Zamorin rulers. The wealth of the Indies was now open for the Europeans to explore; the Portuguese Empire was the earliest European seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade.", "title": "Spice trade" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Markus Zusak", "id": 58323, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "who wrote the book thief soon to appear as a film" }, { "answer": "Australia", "id": 375563, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "#1 >> country of citizenship" }, { "answer": "New Zealand", "id": 161848, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "What country located near #2 was a first time participant in these games?" }, { "answer": "Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand", "id": 28750, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Where was Popper's academic appointment in #3 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forty - three countries participated in the contest, equalling the record of the 2008 and 2011 editions. Russia returned after their absence from the previous edition, and for the first time since 2011, no country withdrew from the contest.", "title": "Eurovision Song Contest 2018" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, appearing only in the Winter Olympic Games that year. Eight years later in 1972, the nation first participated at the Summer Olympic Games. Since then, the nation has appeared in every Summer Games, except when North Korea joined the Soviet - led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea.", "title": "North Korea at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.", "title": "The Messenger (Zusak novel)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Demon Thief is a book in Darren Shan's \"Demonata\" series. Though it is the second book in the series, it is a prequel to \"Lord Loss\", the first book in the series. The protagonist is also different from that of the first book. The narrator here is a new character called Kernel Fleck, as opposed to Grubbs Grady, the protagonist of the first book. Demon Thief takes place about thirty years before \"Lord Loss\" so most of the characters from the first book did not appear, though a few did. It was also actually the sixth book of the Demonata to be written, although it was the second released.", "title": "Demon Thief" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Soon\" is a song written by Bob Regan and Casey Kelly, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. It was released in October 1993 as the first single and title track from the album \"Soon\". The song reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "title": "Soon (Tanya Tucker song)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert J. Bach (born December 31, 1961), commonly known as Robbie Bach, was the President of Entertainment & Devices Division at Microsoft. He led the division that was responsible for the Xbox, Xbox 360, Zune, Games for Windows, Windows Phone and the Microsoft TV platform. After 22 years at Microsoft, Robbie announced his retirement from Microsoft effective in the fall of 2010. Robbie now speaks to corporate, academic and civic groups across the country and in 2015 completed his first book, Xbox Revisited: A Game Plan for Corporate and Civic Renewal.", "title": "Robert J. Bach" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams.", "title": "The Book Thief (film)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kamilla and the Thief (\"Kamilla og Tyven\") is a Norwegian family movie from 1988 directed by Grete Salomonsen and produced by her husband Odd Hynnekleiv. The movie is an adaption from a Norwegian children's novel by Kari Vinje, and is the first feature film of renowned Norwegian actor Dennis Storhøi and also stars 1980s pop idol Morten Harket in a minor role. \"Kamilla and the Thief\" was a huge success in Norway, selling half a million tickets (in a country of about 4 million people). It was so popular that a sequel was made, Kamilla and the Thief II, which was released the year after. In 2005 both movies were digitally restored and released on DVD.", "title": "Kamilla and the Thief" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The book was published in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury and in the United States by Scholastic; in both countries the release date was 8 July 2000, the first time a book in the series was published in both countries at the same time. The novel won a Hugo Award, the only Harry Potter novel to do so, in 2001. The book was made into a film, which was released worldwide on 18 November 2005, and a video game by Electronic Arts.", "title": "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Book Thief Theatrical release poster Directed by Brian Percival Produced by Karen Rosenfelt Ken Blancato Screenplay by Michael Petroni Trudy White (novel) Based on The Book Thief by Markus Zusak Starring Geoffrey Rush Emily Watson Sophie Nélisse Narrated by Roger Allam Music by John Williams Cinematography Florian Ballhaus Edited by John Wilson Production company Fox 2000 Pictures Sunswept Entertainment Studio Babelsberg TSG Entertainment Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date October 3, 2013 (2013 - 10 - 03) (Mill Valley Film Festival) November 27, 2013 (2013 - 11 - 27) (United States) Running time 130 minutes Country United States Germany Language English German Budget $19 million Box office $76.6 million", "title": "The Book Thief (film)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1937, Popper finally managed to get a position that allowed him to emigrate to New Zealand, where he became lecturer in philosophy at Canterbury University College of the University of New Zealand in Christchurch. It was here that he wrote his influential work The Open Society and its Enemies. In Dunedin he met the Professor of Physiology John Carew Eccles and formed a lifelong friendship with him. In 1946, after the Second World War, he moved to the United Kingdom to become reader in logic and scientific method at the London School of Economics. Three years later, in 1949, he was appointed professor of logic and scientific method at the University of London. Popper was president of the Aristotelian Society from 1958 to 1959. He retired from academic life in 1969, though he remained intellectually active for the rest of his life. In 1985, he returned to Austria so that his wife could have her relatives around her during the last months of her life; she died in November that year. After the Ludwig Boltzmann Gesellschaft failed to establish him as the director of a newly founded branch researching the philosophy of science, he went back again to the United Kingdom in 1986, settling in Kenley, Surrey.", "title": "Karl Popper" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1923 International Cross Country Championships was held in Maisons-Laffitte, France, at the Hippodrome de Maisons-Laffitte on March 25, 1923. Athletes from Belgium were participating for the first time. A report on the event was given in the Glasgow Herald.", "title": "1923 International Cross Country Championships" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Mask (published in some countries as Raffles: Further Adventures of the Amateur Cracksman) is the second collection of stories written by Ernest William Hornung in the A. J. Raffles series concerning a gentleman thief in late Victorian London. It was first published in 1901.", "title": "The Black Mask" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfred Mayssonnié, nicknamed \"Maysso\" (10 February 1884 – 6 September 1914), was a French rugby union player who appeared three times for the country's national team, and was also the first rugby international from any country to die in action in World War I. A native of Lavernose, a village near Toulouse, he played as scrum-half and fly-half and is credited to this day by Stade Toulousain as the strategist of the club's first great teams in the early 20th century.", "title": "Alfred Mayssonnié" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 120th and current Governor is the Canadian Mark Carney, appointed in 2013. He is the first non-Briton to be appointed to the post, but made a commitment to the Prime Minister to take up British citizenship.", "title": "Governor of the Bank of England" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Penstrowed near Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Lewis was educated at Levana School, Wimbledon, and Westfield College, London. She had a long period of work on the \"Sunday Times\", where she became assistant editor, and from 1944 until her death in 1979 she also wrote for the magazine \"Country Life\".", "title": "Eiluned Lewis" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Ticks ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in March 2007 as the first single from the album 5th Gear. It reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart and was featured as a downloadable track for the video game Guitar Hero: World Tour. Paisley wrote this song with Kelley Lovelace and Tim Owens.", "title": "Ticks (song)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.", "title": "1952 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2004, philosopher and psychologist Michel ter Hark (Groningen, The Netherlands) published a book, called Popper, Otto Selz and the rise of evolutionary epistemology, in which he claimed that Popper took some of his ideas from his tutor, the German psychologist Otto Selz. Selz never published his ideas, partly because of the rise of Nazism, which forced him to quit his work in 1933, and the prohibition of referring to Selz' work. Popper, the historian of ideas and his scholarship, is criticised in some academic quarters for his rejection of Plato, Hegel and Marx.", "title": "Karl Popper" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zimbabwe participated for the first time at the Olympic Games under its current name in 1980, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then. Previously, it competed at the Games under the name Rhodesia in 1928, 1960 and 1964. The 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi marked Zimbabwe's first participation at the Winter Olympic Games, with Oskar Hauser, the Austrian born Zimbabwean, participating in the biathlon.", "title": "Zimbabwe at the Olympics" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Markus Zusak", "id": 58323, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "who wrote the book thief soon to appear as a film" }, { "answer": "Australia", "id": 375563, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "#1 >> country of citizenship" }, { "answer": "New Zealand", "id": 161848, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "What country located near #2 was a first time participant in these games?" }, { "answer": "13 December 1642", "id": 84681, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "when did the dutch come to #3" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A record total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 member nations of the Asian Games Federation participated in the Games. The number of participating countries was also greatest in comparison to the first two editions of the Games.", "title": "1958 Asian Games" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Penstrowed near Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Lewis was educated at Levana School, Wimbledon, and Westfield College, London. She had a long period of work on the \"Sunday Times\", where she became assistant editor, and from 1944 until her death in 1979 she also wrote for the magazine \"Country Life\".", "title": "Eiluned Lewis" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Demon Thief is a book in Darren Shan's \"Demonata\" series. Though it is the second book in the series, it is a prequel to \"Lord Loss\", the first book in the series. The protagonist is also different from that of the first book. The narrator here is a new character called Kernel Fleck, as opposed to Grubbs Grady, the protagonist of the first book. Demon Thief takes place about thirty years before \"Lord Loss\" so most of the characters from the first book did not appear, though a few did. It was also actually the sixth book of the Demonata to be written, although it was the second released.", "title": "Demon Thief" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albania first participated at the Summer Olympic Games in 1972. They missed the next four games, two of them due to the 1980 and 1984 boycotts, but returned for the 1992 games in Barcelona. They have appeared in all games since then. They made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 2006. Albania normally competes in events that include swimming, athletics, weightlifting, shooting and wrestling. The country has not yet won an Olympic medal, and along with Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is the only European non-microstate without an Olympic medal. They have been represented by the Albanian National Olympic Committee since 1972.", "title": "Albania at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Upon its theatrical release, the film received generally positive reviews, particularly for its color and CinemaScope wide - screen cinematography of Italian filming locations. In his review in The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote, ``Three Coins in the Fountain is quite clearly a film in which the locale comes first. However, the nonsense of its fable tumbles nicely within the picture frame. ''Crowther underscored the film's visual appeal to the audiences of his time.", "title": "Three Coins in the Fountain (film)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Soon\" is a song written by Bob Regan and Casey Kelly, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. It was released in October 1993 as the first single and title track from the album \"Soon\". The song reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "title": "Soon (Tanya Tucker song)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zimbabwe participated for the first time at the Olympic Games under its current name in 1980, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then. Previously, it competed at the Games under the name Rhodesia in 1928, 1960 and 1964. The 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi marked Zimbabwe's first participation at the Winter Olympic Games, with Oskar Hauser, the Austrian born Zimbabwean, participating in the biathlon.", "title": "Zimbabwe at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fast Times at Ridgemont High is a 1982 American coming - of - age comedy film directed by Amy Heckerling and written by Cameron Crowe, adapted from his 1981 book of the same name. Crowe went undercover at Clairemont High School in San Diego and wrote about his experiences.", "title": "Fast Times at Ridgemont High" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Mask (published in some countries as Raffles: Further Adventures of the Amateur Cracksman) is the second collection of stories written by Ernest William Hornung in the A. J. Raffles series concerning a gentleman thief in late Victorian London. It was first published in 1901.", "title": "The Black Mask" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.", "title": "1952 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The history of New Zealand dates back at least 700 years to when it was discovered and settled by Polynesians, who developed a distinct Māori culture centred on kinship links and land. The first European explorer to sight New Zealand was Dutch navigator Abel Tasman on 13 December 1642. The Dutch were also the first non-natives to explore and chart New Zealand's coastline. Captain James Cook, who reached New Zealand in October 1769 on the first of his three voyages, was the first European explorer to circumnavigate and map New Zealand. From the late 18th century, the country was regularly visited by explorers and other sailors, missionaries, traders and adventurers. In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi was signed between the British Crown and various Māori chiefs, bringing New Zealand into the British Empire and giving Māori the same rights as British subjects. There was extensive British settlement throughout the rest of the century and into the early part of the next century. War and the imposition of a European economic and legal system led to most of New Zealand's land passing from Māori to Pākehā (European) ownership, and most Māori subsequently became impoverished.", "title": "History of New Zealand" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Where Dead Voices Gather is a book by Nick Tosches. It is, in part, a biography of Emmett Miller, one of the last minstrel singers. Just as importantly, it depicts Tosches' search for information about Miller, about whom he initially wrote in his book \"Country: The Twisted Roots of Rock and Roll\". It is also a study of minstrelsy and its connection to American folk music, country music, the blues and ultimately, rock and roll. In that way, it is a companion volume to his other books of music journalism, \"Country\" and \"Unsung Heroes of Rock N' Roll\".", "title": "Where Dead Voices Gather" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Ticks ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in March 2007 as the first single from the album 5th Gear. It reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart and was featured as a downloadable track for the video game Guitar Hero: World Tour. Paisley wrote this song with Kelley Lovelace and Tim Owens.", "title": "Ticks (song)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"When I Could Come Home to You\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Steve Wariner. It was released in October 1989 as the third single from the album \"I Got Dreams\". The song reached #5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. Wariner wrote the song with Roger Murrah.", "title": "When I Could Come Home to You" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alfred Mayssonnié, nicknamed \"Maysso\" (10 February 1884 – 6 September 1914), was a French rugby union player who appeared three times for the country's national team, and was also the first rugby international from any country to die in action in World War I. A native of Lavernose, a village near Toulouse, he played as scrum-half and fly-half and is credited to this day by Stade Toulousain as the strategist of the club's first great teams in the early 20th century.", "title": "Alfred Mayssonnié" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forty - three countries participated in the contest, equalling the record of the 2008 and 2011 editions. Russia returned after their absence from the previous edition, and for the first time since 2011, no country withdrew from the contest.", "title": "Eurovision Song Contest 2018" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams.", "title": "The Book Thief (film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, appearing only in the Winter Olympic Games that year. Eight years later in 1972, the nation first participated at the Summer Olympic Games. Since then, the nation has appeared in every Summer Games, except when North Korea joined the Soviet - led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea.", "title": "North Korea at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brazil won the tournament after beating Italy 3 -- 2 in a penalty shootout at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California near Los Angeles, after the game had ended 0 -- 0 after extra time. It was the first World Cup final to be decided on penalties. The victory made Brazil the first nation to win four World Cup titles. Greece, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia made their first appearances at the tournament, as did Russia, following the breakup of the Soviet Union. A united Germany team took part in the tournament, as the country was reunified in 1990, a few months after West Germany's victory in the 1990 World Cup.", "title": "1994 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.", "title": "The Messenger (Zusak novel)" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Markus Zusak", "id": 58323, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "who wrote the book thief soon to appear as a film" }, { "answer": "Australia", "id": 375563, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "#1 >> country of citizenship" }, { "answer": "New Zealand", "id": 161848, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "What country located near #2 was a first time participant in these games?" }, { "answer": "Abel Tasman", "id": 20546, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Who discovered #3 for the Dutch?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During his voyage, Cook also visited New Zealand, first discovered by Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1642, and claimed the North and South islands for the British crown in 1769 and 1770 respectively. Initially, interaction between the indigenous Māori population and Europeans was limited to the trading of goods. European settlement increased through the early decades of the 19th century, with numerous trading stations established, especially in the North. In 1839, the New Zealand Company announced plans to buy large tracts of land and establish colonies in New Zealand. On 6 February 1840, Captain William Hobson and around 40 Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi. This treaty is considered by many to be New Zealand's founding document, but differing interpretations of the Maori and English versions of the text have meant that it continues to be a source of dispute.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albania first participated at the Summer Olympic Games in 1972. They missed the next four games, two of them due to the 1980 and 1984 boycotts, but returned for the 1992 games in Barcelona. They have appeared in all games since then. They made their Winter Olympic Games debut in 2006. Albania normally competes in events that include swimming, athletics, weightlifting, shooting and wrestling. The country has not yet won an Olympic medal, and along with Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is the only European non-microstate without an Olympic medal. They have been represented by the Albanian National Olympic Committee since 1972.", "title": "Albania at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Black Mask (published in some countries as Raffles: Further Adventures of the Amateur Cracksman) is the second collection of stories written by Ernest William Hornung in the A. J. Raffles series concerning a gentleman thief in late Victorian London. It was first published in 1901.", "title": "The Black Mask" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1964, appearing only in the Winter Olympic Games that year. Eight years later in 1972, the nation first participated at the Summer Olympic Games. Since then, the nation has appeared in every Summer Games, except when North Korea joined the Soviet - led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and when they boycotted the 1988 Games in Seoul, South Korea.", "title": "North Korea at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Book Thief Theatrical release poster Directed by Brian Percival Produced by Karen Rosenfelt Ken Blancato Screenplay by Michael Petroni Trudy White (novel) Based on The Book Thief by Markus Zusak Starring Geoffrey Rush Emily Watson Sophie Nélisse Narrated by Roger Allam Music by John Williams Cinematography Florian Ballhaus Edited by John Wilson Production company Fox 2000 Pictures Sunswept Entertainment Studio Babelsberg TSG Entertainment Distributed by 20th Century Fox Release date October 3, 2013 (2013 - 10 - 03) (Mill Valley Film Festival) November 27, 2013 (2013 - 11 - 27) (United States) Running time 130 minutes Country United States Germany Language English German Budget $19 million Box office $76.6 million", "title": "The Book Thief (film)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Thirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.", "title": "1952 Winter Olympics" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The book was published in the United Kingdom by Bloomsbury and in the United States by Scholastic; in both countries the release date was 8 July 2000, the first time a book in the series was published in both countries at the same time. The novel won a Hugo Award, the only Harry Potter novel to do so, in 2001. The book was made into a film, which was released worldwide on 18 November 2005, and a video game by Electronic Arts.", "title": "Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forty - three countries participated in the contest, equalling the record of the 2008 and 2011 editions. Russia returned after their absence from the previous edition, and for the first time since 2011, no country withdrew from the contest.", "title": "Eurovision Song Contest 2018" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mother Country: Britain, the Welfare State, and Nuclear Pollution (1989) is a work of nonfiction by Marilynne Robinson that tells the story of Sellafield, a government nuclear reprocessing plant located on the coast of the Irish Sea. The book shows how the closest village to Sellafield suffers from death and disease due to decades of waste and radiation from the plant. \"Mother Country\" was a National Book Award finalist for Nonfiction in 1989. While on sabbatical in England, Robinson's interest in the environmental ramifications of the plant began when she discovered a newspaper article detailing its hazards.", "title": "Mother Country: Britain, the Welfare State, and Nuclear Pollution" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beyond the Grave is the fourth book in \"The 39 Clues\" series first published in June 2, 2009 and written by Jude Watson. Thematically the novel uses Biblical knowledge, prophecy, and spiritual topics to explore the afterlife. Amy and Dan Cahill, the protagonists, travel to Egypt because of a clue they discovered in \"The Sword Thief\". The symbols in the middle of the book translate \"Alistair was there the night they died.\"", "title": "Beyond the Grave" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Ticks ''is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Brad Paisley. It was released in March 2007 as the first single from the album 5th Gear. It reached the top of the Billboard Hot Country Songs Chart and was featured as a downloadable track for the video game Guitar Hero: World Tour. Paisley wrote this song with Kelley Lovelace and Tim Owens.", "title": "Ticks (song)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Penstrowed near Newtown, Montgomeryshire, Lewis was educated at Levana School, Wimbledon, and Westfield College, London. She had a long period of work on the \"Sunday Times\", where she became assistant editor, and from 1944 until her death in 1979 she also wrote for the magazine \"Country Life\".", "title": "Eiluned Lewis" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.", "title": "The Messenger (Zusak novel)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Soon\" is a song written by Bob Regan and Casey Kelly, and recorded by American country music artist Tanya Tucker. It was released in October 1993 as the first single and title track from the album \"Soon\". The song reached #2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "title": "Soon (Tanya Tucker song)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A record total of 1,820 athletes representing 20 member nations of the Asian Games Federation participated in the Games. The number of participating countries was also greatest in comparison to the first two editions of the Games.", "title": "1958 Asian Games" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brazil won the tournament after beating Italy 3 -- 2 in a penalty shootout at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California near Los Angeles, after the game had ended 0 -- 0 after extra time. It was the first World Cup final to be decided on penalties. The victory made Brazil the first nation to win four World Cup titles. Greece, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia made their first appearances at the tournament, as did Russia, following the breakup of the Soviet Union. A united Germany team took part in the tournament, as the country was reunified in 1990, a few months after West Germany's victory in the 1990 World Cup.", "title": "1994 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zimbabwe participated for the first time at the Olympic Games under its current name in 1980, and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then. Previously, it competed at the Games under the name Rhodesia in 1928, 1960 and 1964. The 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi marked Zimbabwe's first participation at the Winter Olympic Games, with Oskar Hauser, the Austrian born Zimbabwean, participating in the biathlon.", "title": "Zimbabwe at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Where Dead Voices Gather is a book by Nick Tosches. It is, in part, a biography of Emmett Miller, one of the last minstrel singers. Just as importantly, it depicts Tosches' search for information about Miller, about whom he initially wrote in his book \"Country: The Twisted Roots of Rock and Roll\". It is also a study of minstrelsy and its connection to American folk music, country music, the blues and ultimately, rock and roll. In that way, it is a companion volume to his other books of music journalism, \"Country\" and \"Unsung Heroes of Rock N' Roll\".", "title": "Where Dead Voices Gather" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tranquille River is a river located in the Thompson Country region of British Columbia. The river is located on the north side of Kamloops Lake almost west of Kamloops, near Tranquille, Kamloops. The river was discovered as gold-bearing in 1852. The river has been mined and the total value of gold mined is estimated at $250,000.", "title": "Tranquille River" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams.", "title": "The Book Thief (film)" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Warsaw Pact", "id": 373866, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "People's Socialist Republic of Albania >> member of" }, { "answer": "Hungary", "id": 5186, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "In which country did the #1 dissolution meeting take place?" }, { "answer": "Poland", "id": 10659, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Along with #2 , where did many expelled French Jews relocate to?" }, { "answer": "Soviet", "id": 23296, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Who invaded #3 after the Nazi’s?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, frequently shortened to Red Army, was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established immediately after the 1917 October Revolution. The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations (especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. Beginning in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of \"Soviet Army\", until its dissolution in December 1991. The former official name \"Red Army\" continued to be used as a nickname by both sides throughout the Cold War.", "title": "Red Army" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alexandre Martin (27 April 1815 – 28 May 1895), nicknamed Albert l'Ouvrier (\"Albert the Worker\"), was a French socialist statesman of the French Second Republic. He was the first member of the industrial working class to be in French government.", "title": "Alexandre Martin" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "That said, an important number of genetic and other historical studies point out to the predominance of the Amazighs in Tunisia. An Ottoman influence has been particularly significant in forming the Turco-Tunisian community. Other peoples have also migrated to Tunisia during different periods of time, including West Africans, Greeks, Romans, Phoenicians (Punics), Jews, and French settlers. By 1870 the distinction between the Arabic-speaking mass and the Turkish elite had blurred.From the late 19th century to after World War II, Tunisia was home to large populations of French and Italians (255,000 Europeans in 1956), although nearly all of them, along with the Jewish population, left after Tunisia became independent. The history of the Jews in Tunisia goes back some 2,000 years. In 1948 the Jewish population was an estimated 105,000, but by 2013 only about 900 remained.The first people known to history in what is now Tunisia were the Berbers. Numerous civilizations and peoples have invaded, migrated to, or have been assimilated into the population over the millennia, with influences of population from Phoenicians/Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Arabs, Spaniards, Ottoman Turks and Janissaries, and French. There was a continuing inflow of nomadic Arab tribes from Arabia.After the Reconquista and expulsion of non-Christians and Moriscos from Spain, many Spanish Muslims and Jews also arrived. According to Matthew Carr, \"As many as eighty thousand Moriscos settled in Tunisia, most of them in and around the capital, Tunis, which still contains a quarter known as Zuqaq al-Andalus, or Andalusia Alley.\"", "title": "Tunisia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Fornovo took place southwest of the city of Parma on 6 July 1495. The Holy League, an alliance comprising notably the Republic of Venice, was able to temporarily expel the French from the Italian Peninsula. It was the first major battle of the Italian Wars.", "title": "Battle of Fornovo" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dissolution of Czechoslovakia (Czech: Rozdělení Československa, Slovak: Rozdelenie Česko - Slovenska), which took effect on 1 January 1993, was an event that saw the self - determined split of the federal state of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, entities that had arisen before as the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic in 1969 within the framework of Czechoslovak federalisation.", "title": "Dissolution of Czechoslovakia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The film follows Norman H. Gershman, an American photographer as he travels to Albania, a mostly Muslim country, interviewing and photographing families who rescued Jews during World War II. Along the way Gershman meets Rexhep Hoxha, a Muslim shopkeeper. Rexhep seeks to fulfill a promise made by his father to the Jewish family they sheltered during Nazi occupation. With Gershman's help, Rexhep embarks on a journey across cultural and religious divides to return a set of mysterious books written in Hebrew to the original owners. On his quest, Rexhep discovers the unknown story of his father’s astonishing act of bravery and selflessness.", "title": "God's House (film)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of Tecala, where most of Proof of Life is set, is a fictional South American country. Tecala has long been the scene of an internal conflict between its government forces and the Liberation Army of Tecala (ELT). The ELT was originally a Marxist guerrilla group supported by the Soviet Union, but after the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991, the ELT's primary source of funding fell through, and they began kidnapping people for ransom to fund their operations. A map seen in the film is that of Ecuador. The country's capital Quito was chosen along with the eastern jungle and the nearby city of Baños de Agua Santa in the Ecuadorian Andes.", "title": "Proof of Life" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 25 February 1991, the Pact was declared at an end at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from the remaining member states meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, the Czechoslovak President Václav Havel formally declared an end to the Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance which had been established in 1955. The USSR itself was dissolved in December 1991.", "title": "Warsaw Pact" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Florjon Prokop Mima is a member of the Assembly of the Republic of Albania for the Democratic Party of Albania.", "title": "Florjon Mima" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Albert Bedouce (8 January 1869, Toulouse – 4 August 1947) was a French politician. He joined at first the French Workers' Party (POF), which in 1902 merged into the Socialist Party of France (PSdF), which in turn merged into the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1905. Bedouce was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1906 to 1919 and from 1924 to 1940. He was Minister of Public Works from 1936 to 1937. In the 1939 presidential election Bedouce was the candidate of the SFIO, but lost to Albert Lebrun, the candidate of the Democratic Republican Alliance. On 10 July 1940, he voted in favour of granting the Cabinet presided by Marshal Philippe Pétain authority to draw up a new constitution, thereby effectively ending the French Third Republic and establishing Vichy France. For this he was expelled from the SFIO after the Liberation of France. In 1945 he joined, with his associate Émile Berlia, the newly founded Democratic Socialist Party (PSD).", "title": "Albert Bedouce" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.", "title": "Warsaw Pact" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The French invaded Morocco in 1912 and established a protectorate. The French administrator of Morocco, General Hubert Lyautey, decided to relocate the country's capital from Fez to Rabat. Among other factors, rebellious citizens had made Fez an unstable place. Sultan Moulay Youssef followed the decision of the French and moved his residence to Rabat. In 1913, Gen. Lyautey hired Henri Prost who designed the Ville Nouvelle (Rabat's modern quarter) as an administrative sector. When Morocco achieved independence in 1955, Mohammed V, the then King of Morocco, chose to have the capital remain at Rabat.", "title": "Rabat" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The stated clauses of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact were a guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other, and a written commitment that neither party would ally itself to, or aid, an enemy of the other party. In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol that divided territories of Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland into German and Soviet \"spheres of influence\", anticipating potential \"territorial and political rearrangements\" of these countries. Thereafter, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. After the Soviet–Japanese ceasefire agreement took effect on 16 September, Stalin ordered his own invasion of Poland on 17 September. Part of southeastern (Karelia) and Salla region in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union after the Winter War. This was followed by Soviet annexations of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertza region). Concern about ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians had been proffered as justification for the Soviet invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, as it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence agreed with the Axis.", "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts of the German language and elements of other European languages into a mixed language known as Yiddish. However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language.", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Georgia, formally the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (Georgian SSR; ; ), was one of the republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991. Coterminous with the present-day republic of Georgia, it was based on the traditional territory of Georgia, which had existed as a series of independent states in the Caucasus prior to annexation by the Russian Empire in 1801. Independent again as the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918, it was annexed by Soviet forces, who invaded it in 1921. The Georgian SSR was subsequently formed, though from 1922 until 1936 it was a part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, which existed as a union republic within the USSR. From November 18, 1989, the Georgian SSR declared its sovereignty over Soviet laws. The republic was renamed the Republic of Georgia on November 14, 1990, and subsequently became independent before the dissolution of the Soviet Union on April 9, 1991, whereupon each former SSR became a sovereign state.", "title": "Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Historical records show evidence of Jewish communities north of the Alps and Pyrenees as early as the 8th and 9th century. By the 11th century Jewish settlers, moving from southern European and Middle Eastern centers, appear to have begun to settle in the north, especially along the Rhine, often in response to new economic opportunities and at the invitation of local Christian rulers. Thus Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, invited Jacob ben Yekutiel and his fellow Jews to settle in his lands; and soon after the Norman Conquest of England, William the Conqueror likewise extended a welcome to continental Jews to take up residence there. Bishop Rüdiger Huzmann called on the Jews of Mainz to relocate to Speyer. In all of these decisions, the idea that Jews had the know-how and capacity to jump-start the economy, improve revenues, and enlarge trade seems to have played a prominent role. Typically Jews relocated close to the markets and churches in town centres, where, though they came under the authority of both royal and ecclesiastical powers, they were accorded administrative autonomy.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 20th century, Russian was mandatorily taught in the schools of the members of the old Warsaw Pact and in other countries that used to be satellites of the USSR. In particular, these countries include Poland, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Albania, former East Germany and Cuba. However, younger generations are usually not fluent in it, because Russian is no longer mandatory in the school system. According to the Eurobarometer 2005 survey, though, fluency in Russian remains fairly high (20–40%) in some countries, in particular those where the people speak a Slavic language and thereby have an edge in learning Russian (namely, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Bulgaria).", "title": "Russian language" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hero of Socialist Labour () was an honorary title in Albania and other Warsaw Pact countries. It was the highest degree of distinction for exceptional achievements in national economy and culture. It provided a similar status to the title People's Hero of Albania that was awarded for heroic deeds, but unlike the latter, was awarded to citizens who contributed to the development of Albania's industry, agriculture, transportation, trade, science and technology and promoted the might and the glory of Albania.", "title": "Hero of Socialist Labour (Albania)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vincenzo Lavarra (born January 27, 1954) is an Italian politician and a Member of the European Parliament. He is a member of the Democrats of the Left (DS), which is a part of the Socialist Group in the European Parliament. Lavarra is a member of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy and the delegation for relations with the countries of Southeast Asia and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. He is a substitute on the Committee on Agriculture and Rural Development and the delegation for relations with the People's Republic of China.", "title": "Vincenzo Lavarra" } ]

[ "USSR", "the Soviet Union", "SU", "the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics", "Soviet Union", "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" ]

[ { "answer": "Maria Theresa", "id": 370129, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "Marie Antoinette >> mother" }, { "answer": "Hungary", "id": 621192, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "#1 of Austria >> country of citizenship" }, { "answer": "Poland", "id": 10659, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Along with #2 , where did many expelled French Jews relocate to?" }, { "answer": "Kaliningrad Oblast", "id": 59955, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "what country is in between #3 and lithuania" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anne-Antoinette Diderot (born Anne-Antoinette Champion 22 February 1710 – 10 April 1796) was the wife of the pioneer encyclopedist Denis Diderot and the mother of his only surviving child, Marie-Angélique Diderot (1753–1824).", "title": "Anne-Antoinette Diderot" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Françoise Marie Antoinette Saucerotte, called Mlle Raucourt (3 March 1756 – 15 January 1815) was a French actress, engaged at the Comédie Française in 1772-1799, where she became famous as a tragedienne.", "title": "Mlle Raucourt" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Country # France 702 Belgium 471 Italy 268 Netherlands 171 Spain 127 Germany 87 Luxembourg 70 United Kingdom 67 Country # Switzerland 60 Australia 30 Denmark 18 United States 18 Norway 17 Colombia 16 Portugal 12 Ireland 11 Country # Russia 11 Slovakia 9 Uzbekistan 9 Kazakhstan 5 Poland 5 Austria Estonia Ukraine Country # Czech Republic Mexico Latvia Brazil Canada South Africa Sweden Lithuania Slovenia", "title": "Tour de France records and statistics" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since the existence of the earliest Jewish diaspora, many Jews have aspired to return to \"Zion\" and the \"Land of Israel\", though the amount of effort that should be spent towards such an aim was a matter of dispute. The hopes and yearnings of Jews living in exile are an important theme of the Jewish belief system. After the Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, some communities settled in Palestine. During the 16th century, Jewish communities struck roots in the Four Holy Cities—Jerusalem, Tiberias, Hebron, and Safed—and in 1697, Rabbi Yehuda Hachasid led a group of 1,500 Jews to Jerusalem. In the second half of the 18th century, Eastern European opponents of Hasidism, known as the Perushim, settled in Palestine.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts of the German language and elements of other European languages into a mixed language known as Yiddish. However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language.", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pierre Goldman was born near the end of World War II, the illegitimate son of Alter Mojze Goldman and Janine Sochaczewska, who were active in the FTP-MOI Resistance movement. After the liberation of France, his parents separated, and his father, in concert with a group of former FTP-MOI members, kidnapped him. At that time, Alter said that he took Pierre so that he would not grow up in the country that had seen the elimination of so many Jews. Thereafter, he had only sporadic contact with his mother, who returned to Poland.", "title": "Pierre Goldman" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is one whose ancestry can be traced to the Jews who settled in Central Europe. For roughly a thousand years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe, despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Human geneticists have argued that genetic variations have been identified that show high frequencies among Ashkenazi Jews, but not in the general European population, be they for patrilineal markers (Y-chromosome haplotypes) and for matrilineal markers (mitotypes). However, a 2013 study of Ashkenazi mitochondrial DNA, from the University of Huddersfield in England, suggests that at least 80 percent of the Ashkenazi maternal lineages derive from the assimilation of mtDNAs indigenous to Europe, probably as a consequence of conversion. Since the middle of the 20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities and with people of other nations and faiths.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "France's blended Jewish community is typical of the cultural recombination that is going on among Jews throughout the world. Although France expelled its original Jewish population in the Middle Ages, by the time of the French Revolution, there were two distinct Jewish populations. One consisted of Sephardic Jews, originally refugees from the Inquisition and concentrated in the southwest, while the other community was Ashkenazi, concentrated in formerly German Alsace, and speaking mainly Yiddish. The two communities were so separate and different that the National Assembly emancipated them separately in 1790 and 1791.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The most famous passage in Burke's Reflections was his description of the events of 5–6 October 1789 and the part of Marie-Antoinette in them. Burke's account differs little from modern historians who have used primary sources. His use of flowery language to describe it, however, provoked both praise and criticism. Philip Francis wrote to Burke saying that what he wrote of Marie-Antoinette was \"pure foppery\". Edward Gibbon, however, reacted differently: \"I adore his chivalry\". Burke was informed by an Englishman who had talked with the Duchesse de Biron, that when Marie-Antoinette was reading the passage, she burst into tears and took considerable time to finish reading it. Price had rejoiced that the French king had been \"led in triumph\" during the October Days, but to Burke this symbolised the opposing revolutionary sentiment of the Jacobins and the natural sentiments of those who shared his own view with horror—that the ungallant assault on Marie-Antoinette—was a cowardly attack on a defenceless woman.", "title": "Edmund Burke" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marie-Jeanne Rose Bertin (2 July 1747, Abbeville, Picardy, France – 22 September 1813, Épinay-sur-Seine) was a French milliner (\"Marchandes de modes\"), known as the dressmaker to Queen Marie Antoinette. She was the first celebrated French fashion designer and is widely credited with having brought fashion and \"haute couture\" to the forefront of popular culture.", "title": "Rose Bertin" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "After having served in the Army, he was appointed in 1756 ambassador in Vienna, to emperor Francis I and to queen Maria Theresa of Hungary. In 1761, he was plenipotentiary to the Augsburg convention.", "title": "César Gabriel de Choiseul" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Historical records show evidence of Jewish communities north of the Alps and Pyrenees as early as the 8th and 9th century. By the 11th century Jewish settlers, moving from southern European and Middle Eastern centers, appear to have begun to settle in the north, especially along the Rhine, often in response to new economic opportunities and at the invitation of local Christian rulers. Thus Baldwin V, Count of Flanders, invited Jacob ben Yekutiel and his fellow Jews to settle in his lands; and soon after the Norman Conquest of England, William the Conqueror likewise extended a welcome to continental Jews to take up residence there. Bishop Rüdiger Huzmann called on the Jews of Mainz to relocate to Speyer. In all of these decisions, the idea that Jews had the know-how and capacity to jump-start the economy, improve revenues, and enlarge trade seems to have played a prominent role. Typically Jews relocated close to the markets and churches in town centres, where, though they came under the authority of both royal and ecclesiastical powers, they were accorded administrative autonomy.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kaliningrad (Russian: Калининград, IPA: (kəljɪnjɪnˈɡrat); former German name: Königsberg; Yiddish: קעניגסבערג, Kenigsberg; Russian: Кёнигсберг, tr. Kyonigsberg; Old Prussian: Twangste, Kunnegsgarbs, Knigsberg) is the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea.", "title": "Kaliningrad" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Liège, Belgium, to Antoine, comte de Mercy-Argenteau, and entered the diplomatic service of Austria in Paris in the train of Reichsfürst Kaunitz. He became Austrian minister in Turin at the court of King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, in St. Petersburg at the court of Catherine the Great, and then Paris at the court of King Louis XV of France in 1766. In Paris, his first work was to strengthen the alliance between France and Austria, which was cemented in 1770 by the marriage of the dauphin, afterwards Louis XVI, with Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria, youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa, afterwards known as Queen Marie Antoinette. When Louis and Marie Antoinette ascended the throne of France in 1774, Mercy-Argenteau became one of the most powerful personages at the French court due to his influence over Marie-Antoinette, which made her unpopular with the French nobility and French people. He was in Paris during the turbulent years that led up to the French Revolution, and gave powerful aid to the finance ministers Loménie de Brienne and Necker. In 1792, he became governor-general of the Austrian Netherlands, which had just been reduced to obedience by Austria. There, his ability and experience made him a very successful ruler. Although at first in favor of moderate courses, Mercy-Argenteau supported the action of Austria in making war upon its former ally after the outbreak of the French Revolution, and in July 1794, he was appointed Austrian ambassador to Britain, but he died a few days after his arrival in London.", "title": "Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The origins of the Ashkenazim are obscure, and many theories have arisen speculating about their ultimate provenance. The most well supported theory is the one that details a Jewish migration through what is now Italy and other parts of southern Europe. The historical record attests to Jewish communities in southern Europe since pre-Christian times. Many Jews were denied full Roman citizenship until 212 CE, when Emperor Caracalla granted all free peoples this privilege. Jews were required to pay a poll tax until the reign of Emperor Julian in 363. In the late Roman Empire, Jews were free to form networks of cultural and religious ties and enter into various local occupations. But, after Christianity became the official religion of Rome and Constantinople in 380, Jews were increasingly marginalized.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rohingya people have consistently faced human rights abuses by the Burmese regime that has refused to acknowledge them as Burmese citizens (despite some of them having lived in Burma for over three generations)—the Rohingya have been denied Burmese citizenship since the enactment of a 1982 citizenship law. The law created three categories of citizenship: citizenship, associate citizenship, and naturalised citizenship. Citizenship is given to those who belong to one of the national races such as Kachin, Kayah (Karenni), Karen, Chin, Burman, Mon, Rakhine, Shan, Kaman, or Zerbadee. Associate citizenship is given to those who cannot prove their ancestors settled in Myanmar before 1823, but can prove they have one grandparent, or pre-1823 ancestor, who was a citizen of another country, as well as people who applied for citizenship in 1948 and qualified then by those laws. Naturalized citizenship is only given to those who have at least one parent with one of these types of Burmese citizenship or can provide \"conclusive evidence\" that their parents entered and resided in Burma prior to independence in 1948. The Burmese regime has attempted to forcibly expel Rohingya and bring in non-Rohingyas to replace them—this policy has resulted in the expulsion of approximately half of the 800,000 Rohingya from Burma, while the Rohingya people have been described as \"among the world's least wanted\" and \"one of the world's most persecuted minorities.\" But the origin of ‘most persecuted minority’ statement is unclear.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a historical Jewish population, they belong to the same ethnic group. The research demonstrates the endogamy of the Jewish population in Europe and lends further credence to the idea of Ashkenazi Jews as an ethnic group. Moreover, though intermarriage among Jews of Ashkenazi descent has become increasingly common, many Haredi Jews, particularly members of Hasidic or Hareidi sects, continue to marry exclusively fellow Ashkenazi Jews. This trend keeps Ashkenazi genes prevalent and also helps researchers further study the genes of Ashkenazi Jews with relative ease. It is noteworthy that these Haredi Jews often have extremely large families.", "title": "Ashkenazi Jews" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the end of World War I, Renault FTs were exported to many countries (Belgium, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Estonia, Finland, Iran, Japan, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, and Yugoslavia). Renault FT tanks were used by most nations having armoured forces, generally as their prominent tank type.", "title": "Renault FT" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kaunas County () is one of ten counties of Lithuania. It is in the centre of the country, and its capital is Kaunas. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished .", "title": "Kaunas County" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Winyah Bay", "id": 710473, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Sampit River >> mouth of the watercourse" }, { "answer": "Atlantic Ocean", "id": 354093, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "#1 >> mouth of the watercourse" }, { "answer": "Central America", "id": 254885, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "El Valle >> continent" }, { "answer": "Ferdinand de Lesseps", "id": 76356, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "who pushed for a canal across #3 linking #2 and the pacific ocean" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tomaga River rises about northeast of Mogo Hill and flows generally southwest and then southeast, joined by one minor tributary, before reaching its mouth at the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean at Mossy Point. The river descends over its course.", "title": "Tomaga River" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hobcaw Barony is a tract on a peninsula called Waccamaw Neck between the Winyah Bay and the Atlantic Ocean in Georgetown County, South Carolina. Much of Hobcaw Barony is south of US Highway 17. The land was purchased by the investor, philanthropist, presidential advisor, and South Carolina native Bernard M. Baruch between 1905 and 1907 for a winter hunting retreat. Later, his eldest child, Belle W. Baruch, began purchasing the property from her father beginning in 1936. By 1956, Belle owned Hobcaw Barony entirely. Upon her death in 1964, the property was transferred to the Belle W. Baruch Foundation for a nature and research preserve. The property includes more than 37 historic buildings and structures representative of the eras of both 18th & 19th century rice cultivation and 20th century winter retreats. Hobcaw Barony was named to the National Register of Historic Places on November 2, 1994.", "title": "Hobcaw Barony" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Little River, a watercourse that is part of the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment, is located in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Little River (Wingecarribee)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Winyah Bay is a coastal estuary that is the confluence of the Waccamaw River, the Pee Dee River, the Black River, and the Sampit River in Georgetown County, in eastern South Carolina. Its name comes from the Winyaw, who used to inhabit the region during the eighteenth century. The historic port city of Georgetown is located on the bay, and the bay generally serves as the terminating point for the Grand Strand.", "title": "Winyah Bay" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pambula River rises in timbered highlands near the locality of Lochiel and flows generally east, flowing through Pambula Lake, before reaching its mouth into the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean near the locality of Pambula Beach. The river descends over its course.", "title": "Pambula River" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coxs Creek, a watercourse of the Cooks River catchment, is located in the Inner West of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Coxs Creek (Belfield, New South Wales)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "El Valle is a stratovolcano in central Panama and is the easternmost volcano along the Central American Volcanic Arc which has been formed by the subduction of the Nazca Plate below Central America. Some time prior to 200,000 years ago, the volcano underwent a huge eruption event that caused the top of the volcano to collapse into the empty magma chamber below forming a large caldera. Several lava domes have developed inside the caldera since the collapse—forming Cerro Pajita, Cerro Gaital and Cerro Caracoral peaks. Prior to research in the early 1990s, it was thought that no active volcanism existed within Panama. But radioactive dates from El Valle show that the volcano last erupted as recently as 200,000 years ago.", "title": "El Valle (volcano)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cabramatta Creek, an urban watercourse of the Georges River catchment, is located in the south-western region of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Cabramatta Creek" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bardwell Creek, an urban watercourse of the Cooks River catchment, is located in the southern suburbs of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Bardwell Creek" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Venice (/ ˈvɛnɪs /, VEN - iss; Italian: Venezia (veˈnɛttsja) (listen); Venetian: Venesia, Venexia (veˈnɛsja)) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by 400 bridges. The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave rivers (more exactly between the Brenta and the Sile). Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings, their architecture, and artwork. The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "title": "Venice" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Reconquista River (Spanish, Río Reconquista) is a small river in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Together with the Riachuelo, it is one of the most contaminated watercourses in the country.", "title": "Reconquista River" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It originates from Mount Ishikari in the Daisetsuzan Volcanic Group and flows through Asahikawa and Sapporo. Major tributaries of the river include the Chūbetsu, Uryū, Sorachi and Toyohira rivers. Until 40,000 years ago, it flowed into the Pacific Ocean near Tomakomai. Lava from the volcanic Shikotsu mountains dammed the river and moved its mouth to the Ishikari Bay.", "title": "Ishikari River" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hargrave River is a river in the Arctic Ocean drainage basin in Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. It is on the Kent Peninsula, and has its mouth on Dease Strait.", "title": "Hargrave River (Nunavut)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Toongabbie Creek, an urban watercourse that is part of the Parramatta River catchment, is located in Greater Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Toongabbie Creek" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Formed by the confluence of the Mumbulla Creek and Dry River, approximately southeast by south of Quaama, the Murrah River flows generally east, before flowing into Murrah Lagoon and reaching its mouth into the Tasman Sea of the South Pacific Ocean north of Murrah Beach. The length of the course of the river varies between and .", "title": "Murrah River" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wolli Creek () is an urban watercourse of the Cooks River catchment located in the southern suburbs of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Wolli Creek" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wallingat River, a watercourse of the Mid-Coast Council system, is located in the Mid North Coast district of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Wallingat River" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lansdowne River, a watercourse of the Manning River catchment, is located in the Mid North Coast district of New South Wales, Australia.", "title": "Lansdowne River" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "By the late nineteenth century, technological advances and commercial pressure allowed construction to begin in earnest. Noted canal engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps led an initial attempt by France to build a sea - level canal. Beset by cost overruns due to the severe underestimation of the difficulties in excavating the rugged Panama land, heavy personnel losses in Panama due to tropical diseases, and political corruption in France surrounding the financing of the massive project, the project succeeded in only partially completing the canal.", "title": "History of the Panama Canal" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Moche River is one of the rivers of the Pacific Ocean slope, located in the northern coast of Peru, in La Libertad Region. On both sides of this river is the milenary Moche Valley. The Moche river goes through east to west the metropolitan area of Trujillo and its mouth is located in the Pacific Ocean in the limits of Moche and Victor Larco both towns of Trujillo city.", "title": "Moche River" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Guadalajara", "id": 455862, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Ignacio Esparza >> place of birth" }, { "answer": "North America", "id": 508773, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "#1 >> continent" }, { "answer": "John Cabot", "id": 85832, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2" }, { "answer": "Sebastian Cabot", "id": 745702, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "#3 >> child" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ignacio Esparza Lozano (born June 4, 1977 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican professional boxer in the Cruiserweight division. He's the former Mexican National and WBA Fedebol Cruiserweight Champion.", "title": "Ignacio Esparza" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pedro Álvares Cabral (European Portuguese: (ˈpeðɾu ˈaɫvɐr (ɨ) ʃ kɐˈβɾaɫ) or Brazilian Portuguese: (ˈpedɾu ˈawvaɾis kaˈbɾaw); c. 1467 or 1468 -- c. 1520) was a Portuguese nobleman, military commander, navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil. In 1500 Cabral conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal. While details of Cabral's early life remain unclear, it is known that he came from a minor noble family and received a good education. He was appointed to head an expedition to India in 1500, following Vasco da Gama's newly - opened route around Africa. The undertaking had the aim of returning with valuable spices and of establishing trade relations in India -- bypassing the monopoly on the spice trade then in the hands of Arab, Turkish and Italian merchants. Although the previous expedition of Vasco da Gama to India, on its sea route, had recorded signs of land west of the southern Atlantic Ocean (in 1497), Cabral is regarded as the first captain who ever touched four continents, leading the first expedition that united Europe, Africa, America, and Asia.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His fleet of 13 ships sailed far into the western Atlantic Ocean, perhaps intentionally, where he made landfall on what he initially assumed to be a large island. As the new land was within the Portuguese sphere according to the Treaty of Tordesillas, Cabral claimed it for the Portuguese Crown. He explored the coast, realizing that the large land mass was probably a continent, and dispatched a ship to notify King Manuel I of the new territory. The continent was South America, and the land he had claimed for Portugal later came to be known as Brazil. The fleet reprovisioned and then turned eastward to resume the journey to India.", "title": "Pedro Álvares Cabral" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first known landing in Australia by Europeans was by Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606. Twenty - nine other Dutch navigators explored the western and southern coasts in the 17th century, and dubbed the continent New Holland. Macassan trepangers visited Australia's northern coasts after 1720, possibly earlier. Other European explorers followed until, in 1770, Lieutenant James Cook charted the east coast of Australia for Great Britain and returned with accounts favouring colonisation at Botany Bay (now in Sydney), New South Wales.", "title": "History of Australia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496 King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead a voyage to discover a route to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the European discovery of America, and although he successfully made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland (mistakenly believing, like Christopher Columbus, that he had reached Asia), there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but nothing was heard of his ships again.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón (; Palos de la Frontera, Spain, c. 1462 – after 1514) was a Spanish navigator, explorer, and \"conquistador\", the younger of the Pinzón brothers. Along with his older brother, Martín Alonso Pinzón (\"c.\" 1441 – \"c.\" 1493), who captained the \"Pinta\", he sailed with Christopher Columbus on the first voyage to the New World, in 1492, as captain of the \"Niña\".", "title": "Vicente Yáñez Pinzón" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia (1770 in Genoa – September 7, 1845 in Paris) was an explorer, navigator and Italian Egyptologist. He was one of the pioneers of Egyptian archeology of his time. He was influential in the excavation of the Sphinx of Giza near Cairo.", "title": "Giovanni Battista Caviglia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Notable Greek seafarers include people such as Pytheas of Marseilles, Scylax of Caryanda who sailed to Iberia and beyond, Nearchus, the 6th century merchant and later monk Cosmas Indicopleustes (Cosmas who sailed to India) and the explorer of the Northwestern passage Juan de Fuca. In later times, the Romioi plied the sea-lanes of the Mediterranean and controlled trade until an embargo imposed by the Roman Emperor on trade with the Caliphate opened the door for the later Italian pre-eminence in trade.", "title": "Greeks" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Explorers flying the flag of Spain reached the New World beginning in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus. Spanish expeditions colonized and explored vast areas in North and South America following the grants of the Pope (contained in the 1493 papal bull Inter caetera) and rights contained in the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas and 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza. These formal acts gave Spain the exclusive rights to colonize the entire Western Hemisphere (excluding eastern Brazil), including all of the west coast of North America. The first European expedition to actually reach the west coast was led by the Spaniard Vasco Núñez de Balboa, who reached the Pacific coast of Panama in 1513. In an act of enduring historical importance, Balboa claimed the Pacific Ocean for the Spanish Crown, as well as all adjoining land and islands. This act gave Spain exclusive sovereignty and navigation rights over the entire west coast of North America.", "title": "History of the west coast of North America" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pennell Coast is that portion of the coast of Antarctica between Cape Williams and Cape Adare. To the west of Cape Williams lies Oates Coast, and to the east and south of Cape Adare lies Borchgrevink Coast. Named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) in 1961 after Lieutenant Harry Pennell, Royal Navy, commander of the Terra Nova, the expedition ship of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-13. Pennell engaged in oceanographic work in the Ross Sea during this period. In February 1911 he sailed along this coast in exploration and an endeavor to land the Northern Party led by Lieutenant Victor Campbell.", "title": "Pennell Coast" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair.", "title": "Paula Santiago" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.", "title": "John Cabot" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The recorded history of Maryland dates back to when Europeans began exploring the area, starting with the Italian / Venetian John Cabot (c. 1450 -- c. 1500), exploring the coast of the continent of North America for England in 1498. The first European settlements were made in 1634, when the English arrived in significant numbers and created a permanent colony. Maryland was notable for having been established with religious freedom for Roman Catholics. Like other colonies of the Chesapeake Bay, its economy was based on tobacco as a commodity crop, cultivated primarily by African slave labor, although many young people came from Britain as indentured servants in the early years.", "title": "History of Maryland" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wilkins Runway is a single runway aerodrome operated by Australia, located on upper glacier of the ice sheet Preston Heath, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, on the continent of Antarctica, but southeast of the actual coast. It is named after Sir Hubert Wilkins, a pioneer of Antarctic aviation and exploration.", "title": "Wilkins Runway" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the founding of the colony of New South Wales in 1788, Australia was divided into an eastern half named New South Wales and a western half named New Holland, under the administration of the colonial government in Sydney. The first European settlement in the area later known as Victoria was established in October 1803 under Lieutenant-Governor David Collins at Sullivan Bay on Port Phillip. It consisted of 402 people (5 Government officials, 9 officers of marines, 2 drummers, and 39 privates, 5 soldiers' wives, and a child, 307 convicts, 17 convicts' wives, and 7 children). They had been sent from England in HMS Calcutta under the command of Captain Daniel Woodriff, principally out of fear that the French, who had been exploring the area, might establish their own settlement and thereby challenge British rights to the continent.", "title": "Victoria (Australia)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 18 November 1605, the Duyfken sailed from Bantam to the coast of western New Guinea. After that, Janszoon crossed the eastern end of the Arafura Sea into the Gulf of Carpentaria, without being aware of the existence of Torres Strait. The Duyfken was actually in Torres Strait in February 1606, a few months before Spanish explorer Luís Vaz de Torres sailed through it. On 26 February 1606, Janzoon made landfall at the Pennefather River on the western shore of Cape York in Queensland, near what is now the town of Weipa. This is the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent. Janszoon proceeded to chart some 320 km (200 mi) of the coastline, which he thought was a southerly extension of New Guinea.", "title": "Willem Janszoon" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Italian navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (known in English as John Cabot) is credited with the discovery of continental North America on June 24, 1497, under the commission of Henry VII of England. Though the exact location of his discovery remains disputed, the Canadian and United Kingdom governments' official position is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. The English presence through Giovanni Caboto was signaled in Juan de la Cosa's map of 1500.", "title": "Exploration of North America" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frederick de Houtman (1571 – 21 October 1627), or Frederik de Houtman, was a Dutch explorer who sailed along the Western coast of Australia en route to Batavia, known today as Jakarta in Indonesia. He made observations of the southern stars and possibly contributed to the creation of 12 new southern constellations.", "title": "Frederick de Houtman" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.", "title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first country to attempt to circumnavigate Africa was Portugal, which had, since the early 15th century, begun to explore northern Africa under Henry the Navigator. Emboldened by these early successes and eyeing a lucrative monopoly on a possible sea route to the Indies the Portuguese first crossed the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 on an expedition led by Bartolomeu Dias. Just nine years later in 1497 on the orders of Manuel I of Portugal, four vessels under the command of navigator Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope, continuing to the eastern coast of Africa to Malindi to sail across the Indian Ocean to Calicut, on the Malabar Coast. in south India -- the capital of the local Zamorin rulers. The wealth of the Indies was now open for the Europeans to explore; the Portuguese Empire was the earliest European seaborne empire to grow from the spice trade.", "title": "Spice trade" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "the Red Sea", "id": 40970, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "Where have herbivorous fishes been seen feeding on gelatinous zooplankton?" }, { "answer": "the Red Sea was parted by God", "id": 90367, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "role of god in crossing #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An adult blue whale can eat up to 40 million krill in a day. The whales always feed in the areas with the highest concentration of krill, sometimes eating up to 3,600 kilograms (7,900 lb) of krill in a single day. The daily energy requirement of an adult blue whale is in the region of 1.5 million kilocalories (6.3 GJ). Their feeding habits are seasonal. Blue whales gorge on krill in the rich waters of the Antarctic before migrating to their breeding grounds in the warmer, less-rich waters nearer the equator. The blue whale can take in up to 90 times as much energy as it expends, allowing it to build up considerable energy reserves.Because krill move, blue whales typically feed at depths of more than 100 metres (330 ft) during the day and only surface-feed at night. Dive times are typically 10 minutes when feeding, though dives of up to 21 minutes are possible. The whale feeds by lunging forward at groups of krill, taking the animals and a large quantity of water into its mouth. The water is then squeezed out through the baleen plates by pressure from the ventral pouch and tongue. Once the mouth is clear of water, the remaining krill, unable to pass through the plates, are swallowed. The blue whale also incidentally consumes small fish, crustaceans and squid caught up with krill.", "title": "Blue whale" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NGC 1806 is a globular cluster located within the Large Magellanic Cloud within the constellation of Dorado (the dolphin-fish), an area of the sky best seen from the Earth's southern hemisphere. It was discovered in 1836 by the British astronomer John Herschel.", "title": "NGC 1806" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As the patron of Delphi (Pythian Apollo), Apollo was an oracular god—the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle. Medicine and healing are associated with Apollo, whether through the god himself or mediated through his son Asclepius, yet Apollo was also seen as a god who could bring ill-health and deadly plague. Amongst the god's custodial charges, Apollo became associated with dominion over colonists, and as the patron defender of herds and flocks. As the leader of the Muses (Apollon Musegetes) and director of their choir, Apollo functioned as the patron god of music and poetry. Hermes created the lyre for him, and the instrument became a common attribute of Apollo. Hymns sung to Apollo were called paeans.", "title": "Apollo" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dvaita Vedanta is a dualistic interpretation of the Vedas, espouses dualism by theorizing the existence of two separate realities. The first and the only independent reality, states the Dvaita school, is that of Vishnu or Brahman. Vishnu is the supreme Self, in a manner similar to monotheistic God in other major religions. The distinguishing factor of Dvaita philosophy, as opposed to monistic Advaita Vedanta, is that God takes on a personal role and is seen as a real eternal entity that governs and controls the universe. Like Vishishtadvaita Vedanta subschool, Dvaita philosophy also embraced Vaishnavism, with the metaphysical concept of Brahman in the Vedas identified with Vishnu and the one and only Supreme Being. However, unlike Vishishtadvaita which envisions ultimate qualified nondualism, the dualism of Dvaita was permanent.", "title": "Hindu philosophy" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jell-O is a registered trademark of Kraft Foods for varieties of gelatin desserts (fruit-flavored gels), puddings, and no-bake cream pies. The original Jell-O gelatin dessert (genericized as jello) is the signature of the brand.", "title": "Jell-O" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus is God's only direct creation, that everything else was created by means of Christ, and that the initial unassisted act of creation uniquely identifies Jesus as God's \"only-begotten Son\". Jesus served as a redeemer and a ransom sacrifice to pay for the sins of humanity. They believe Jesus died on a single upright post rather than the traditional cross. They believe that references in the Bible to the Archangel Michael, Abaddon (Apollyon), and the Word all refer to Jesus. Jesus is considered to be the only intercessor and high priest between God and humanity, and appointed by God as the king and judge of his kingdom. His role as a mediator (referred to in 1 Timothy 2:5) is applied to the 'anointed' class, though the 'other sheep' are said to also benefit from the arrangement.", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Feeding of the 5,000 is also known as the ``miracle of the five loaves and two fish '', because the Gospel of John reports that five barley loaves and two small fish supplied by a boy were used by Jesus to feed a multitude. According to Matthew's gospel, when Jesus heard that John the Baptist had been killed, he withdrew by boat privately to a solitary place. Luke specifies that the place was near Bethsaida. The crowds followed Jesus on foot from the towns. When Jesus landed and saw a large crowd, he had compassion on them and healed their sick. As evening approached, the disciples came to him and said,`` This is a remote place, and it's already getting late. Send the crowds away, so they can go to the villages and buy themselves some food.''", "title": "Feeding the multitude" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ctenophores may be abundant during the summer months in some coastal locations, but in other places they are uncommon and difficult to find. In bays where they occur in very high numbers, predation by ctenophores may control the populations of small zooplanktonic organisms such as copepods, which might otherwise wipe out the phytoplankton (planktonic plants), which are a vital part of marine food chains. One ctenophore, Mnemiopsis, has accidentally been introduced into the Black Sea, where it is blamed for causing fish stocks to collapse by eating both fish larvae and organisms that would otherwise have fed the fish. The situation was aggravated by other factors, such as over-fishing and long-term environmental changes that promoted the growth of the Mnemiopsis population. The later accidental introduction of Beroe helped to mitigate the problem, as Beroe preys on other ctenophores.", "title": "Ctenophora" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Azure, three ships with three masts, rigged and under full sail, the sails, pennants and ensigns Argent, each charged with a cross Gules; on a chief of the second a pale quarterly Azure and Gules, on the 1st and 4th a fleur-de-lis or, on the 2nd and 3rd a leopard or, between two roses Gules seeded Or barbed Vert.\" The shield had as a crest: \"A sphere without a frame, bounded with the Zodiac in bend Or, between two pennants flottant Argent, each charged with a cross Gules, over the sphere the words DEUS INDICAT\" (Latin: God Indicates). The supporters were two sea lions (lions with fishes' tails) and the motto was DEO DUCENTE NIL NOCET (Latin: Where God Leads, Nothing Hurts).", "title": "East India Company" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mansergh Snowfield () is a snowfield in Antarctica feeding the central portion of Starshot Glacier, separating the Surveyors Range and Holyoake Range. It was seen by the Holyoake, Cobham and Queen Elizabeth Ranges party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (1964–65) and named for G. Mansergh, a geologist with the party.", "title": "Mansergh Snowfield" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bouchard's nodes are hard, bony outgrowths or gelatinous cysts on the proximal interphalangeal joints (the middle joints of fingers or toes). They are seen in osteoarthritis, where they are caused by formation of calcific spurs of the articular (joint) cartilage. Much less commonly, they may be seen in rheumatoid arthritis, where nodes are caused by antibody deposition to the synovium.", "title": "Bouchard's nodes" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grazing organisms may also kill their prey species, but this is seldom the case. While some herbivores like zooplankton live on unicellular phytoplankton and therefore, by the individualized nature of the organism, kill their prey, many only eat a small part of the plant. Grazing livestock may pull some grass out at the roots, but most is simply grazed upon, allowing the plant to regrow once again. Kelp is frequently grazed in subtidal kelp forests, but regrows at the base of the blade continuously to cope with browsing pressure. Animals may also be 'grazed' upon; female mosquitos land on hosts briefly to gain sufficient proteins for the development of their offspring. Starfish may be grazed on, being capable of regenerating lost arms.", "title": "Predation" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Feeding of the 5,000 is also known as the ``miracle of the five loaves and two fish '', because the Gospel of John reports that five barley loaves and two small fish supplied by a boy were used by Jesus to feed a multitude. According to Luke's Gospel, when Jesus heard that John the Baptist had been killed, he withdrew by boat privately to a solitary place near Bethsaida. The crowds followed Jesus on foot from the towns. When Jesus landed and saw a large crowd, he had compassion on them and healed their sick. As evening approached, the disciples came to him and said,`` This is a remote place, and it's already getting late. Send the crowds away, so they can go to the villages and buy themselves some food.''", "title": "Feeding the multitude" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Almost all ctenophores are predators – there are no vegetarians and only one genus that is partly parasitic. If food is plentiful, they can eat 10 times their own weight per day. While Beroe preys mainly on other ctenophores, other surface-water species prey on zooplankton (planktonic animals) ranging in size from the microscopic, including mollusc and fish larvae, to small adult crustaceans such as copepods, amphipods, and even krill. Members of the genus Haeckelia prey on jellyfish and incorporate their prey's nematocysts (stinging cells) into their own tentacles instead of colloblasts. Ctenophores have been compared to spiders in their wide range of techniques from capturing prey – some hang motionless in the water using their tentacles as \"webs\", some are ambush predators like Salticid jumping spiders, and some dangle a sticky droplet at the end of a fine thread, as bolas spiders do. This variety explains the wide range of body forms in a phylum with rather few species. The two-tentacled \"cydippid\" Lampea feeds exclusively on salps, close relatives of sea-squirts that form large chain-like floating colonies, and juveniles of Lampea attach themselves like parasites to salps that are too large for them to swallow. Members of the cydippid genus Pleurobrachia and the lobate Bolinopsis often reach high population densities at the same place and time because they specialize in different types of prey: Pleurobrachia's long tentacles mainly capture relatively strong swimmers such as adult copepods, while Bolinopsis generally feeds on smaller, weaker swimmers such as rotifers and mollusc and crustacean larvae.", "title": "Ctenophora" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lobata have a pair of lobes, which are muscular, cuplike extensions of the body that project beyond the mouth. Their inconspicuous tentacles originate from the corners of the mouth, running in convoluted grooves and spreading out over the inner surface of the lobes (rather than trailing far behind, as in the Cydippida). Between the lobes on either side of the mouth, many species of lobates have four auricles, gelatinous projections edged with cilia that produce water currents that help direct microscopic prey toward the mouth. This combination of structures enables lobates to feed continuously on suspended planktonic prey.", "title": "Ctenophora" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "According to the Exodus account, Moses held out his staff and the Red Sea was parted by God. The Israelites walked on the exposed dry ground and crossed the sea, followed by the Egyptian army. Moses again moved his staff once the Israelites had crossed and the sea closed again, drowning the whole Egyptian army.", "title": "Crossing the Red Sea" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The European pilchard (\"Sardina pilchardus\") is a species of ray-finned fish in the monotypic genus Sardina. The young of the species are among the many fish that are sometimes called sardines. This common species is found in the northeast Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Black Sea at depths of . It reaches up to in length and mostly feeds on planktonic crustaceans. This schooling species is a batch spawner where each female lays 50,000–60,000 eggs.", "title": "European pilchard" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Christianity, the gospel (Greek: εὐαγγέλιον euangélion; Old English: gospel), or the Good News, is the news of the coming of the Kingdom of God (Mark 1: 14 - 15). Paul's gospel is of Jesus's death on the cross and resurrection to restore people's relationship with God. It may also include the descent of the Holy Spirit upon believers and the second coming of Jesus.", "title": "The gospel" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ctenophores used to be regarded as \"dead ends\" in marine food chains because it was thought their low ratio of organic matter to salt and water made them a poor diet for other animals. It is also often difficult to identify the remains of ctenophores in the guts of possible predators, although the combs sometimes remain intact long enough to provide a clue. Detailed investigation of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, showed that these fish digest ctenophores 20 times as fast as an equal weight of shrimps, and that ctenophores can provide a good diet if there are enough of them around. Beroids prey mainly on other ctenophores. Some jellyfish and turtles eat large quantities of ctenophores, and jellyfish may temporarily wipe out ctenophore populations. Since ctenophores and jellyfish often have large seasonal variations in population, most fish that prey on them are generalists, and may have a greater effect on populations than the specialist jelly-eaters. This is underlined by an observation of herbivorous fishes deliberately feeding on gelatinous zooplankton during blooms in the Red Sea. The larvae of some sea anemones are parasites on ctenophores, as are the larvae of some flatworms that parasitize fish when they reach adulthood.", "title": "Ctenophora" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Level 1: Plants and algae make their own food and are called producers. Level 2: Herbivores eat plants and are called primary consumers. Level 3: Carnivores that eat herbivores are called secondary consumers. Level 4: Carnivores that eat other carnivores are called tertiary consumers. Level 5: Apex predators that have no predators are at the top of the food chain.", "title": "Trophic level" } ]

[ "The red sea", "Red Sea" ]

[ { "answer": "Pakistan", "id": 106864, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "What is the country Bedari is from?" }, { "answer": "207.77 million people", "id": 80460, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "what is the current population of #1 2017" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Country Music Association Award for Entertainer of the Year Country United States Presented by Country Music Association First awarded 1967 Currently held by Garth Brooks (2017)", "title": "Country Music Association Award for Entertainer of the Year" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indian Premier League (IPL) Countries India Administrator IPL Governing Council, BCCI Format Twenty20 First tournament 2008 Last tournament 2017 Next tournament 2018 Tournament format Double round - robin league and Playoffs Number of teams 8 Current champion Mumbai Indians (3rd title) Most successful Mumbai Indians (2013, 2015, 2017) Most runs Suresh Raina (4540) Most wickets Lasith Malinga (154) TV List of broadcasters Website iplt20.com 2017 IPL season", "title": "List of Indian Premier League seasons and results" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ram Nath Kovind (born 1 October 1945) is the 14th and current President of India, in office since 25 July 2017. Previously he had served as the Governor of Bihar from 2015 to 2017 and was a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from 1994 to 2006. Kovind was nominated as a presidential candidate by the ruling NDA coalition and won the 2017 presidential election, becoming the second Dalit to be elected to the post of President.", "title": "Ram Nath Kovind" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Awarded for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Country United States Presented by Academy of Television Arts & Sciences First awarded 1954 Currently held by John Lithgow, The Crown (2017) Website emmys.com", "title": "Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ethiopia's population has grown from 33.5 million in 1983 to 87.9 million in 2014. The population was only about 9 million in the 19th century. The 2007 Population and Housing Census results show that the population of Ethiopia grew at an average annual rate of 2.6% between 1994 and 2007, down from 2.8% during the period 1983–1994. Currently, the population growth rate is among the top ten countries in the world. The population is forecast to grow to over 210 million by 2060, which would be an increase from 2011 estimates by a factor of about 2.5.", "title": "Ethiopia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Challenge Cup Current season or competition:: 2017 Challenge Cup Sport Rugby league Instituted 1896 Inaugural season 1896 -- 97 Number of teams 100 + Countries England Wales Scotland France Canada Winners Hull (5th title) (2017) Most titles Wigan (19 titles) Website challenge cup Broadcast partner Sky Sports BBC Related competition Super League Championship League 1 National Conference League", "title": "Challenge Cup" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In New Zealand, the Speaker of the House of Representatives (Māori: Te Mana Whakawā o te Whare) is the individual who chairs the country's legislative body, the New Zealand House of Representatives. The individual who holds the position is elected by members of the House from among their number in the first session after each general election. The current Speaker is Trevor Mallard, who was initially elected on 7 November 2017.", "title": "Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Solar power in India is a fast developing industry. The country's solar installed capacity reached 23 GW as of 30 June 2018. India expanded its solar - generation capacity 8 times from 2,650 MW on 26 May 2014 to over 20 GW as on 31 January 2018. The 20 GW capacity was initially targeted for 2022 but the government achieved the target four years ahead of schedule. The country added 3 GW of solar capacity in 2015 - 2016, 5 GW in 2016 - 2017 and over 10 GW in 2017 - 2018, with the average current price of solar electricity dropping to 18% below the average price of its coal - fired counterpart.", "title": "Solar power in India" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "10 most populous countries Rank Country / Territory Population Date Approx.% of world population Source China 1,390,040,000 March 29, 2018 18.3% India 1,329,760,000 March 29, 2018 17.5% United States 326,870,000 March 29, 2018 4.29% Indonesia 261,600,000 October 31, 2016 3.44% 5 Pakistan 211,059,000 March 29, 2018 2.77% 6 Brazil 208,846,000 March 29, 2018 2.74% 7 Nigeria 188,500,000 October 31, 2016 2.48% 8 Bangladesh 164,237,000 March 29, 2018 2.16% 9 Russia 146,773,226 June 1, 2017 1.93% 10 Japan 126,670,000 September 1, 2017 1.66%", "title": "World population" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In demographics, the world population is the total number of humans currently living. The world population was estimated to have reached 7.6 billion as of December 2017. The United Nations estimates it will further increase to 11.8 billion by the year 2100.", "title": "World population" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "IIFA Award for Best Actress Awarded for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role Country India Presented by International Indian Film Academy First awarded Aishwarya Rai, Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam (2000) Currently held by Alia Bhatt, Udta Punjab (2017) Website IIFA Awards", "title": "IIFA Award for Best Actress" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In demographics, the world population is the total number of humans currently living. The world population was estimated to have reached 7.6 billion as of October 2017. The United Nations estimates it will further increase to 11.2 billion by the year 2100.", "title": "World population" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The population of Fresno grew from a 1960 census population of 134,000 to a 2000 census population of 428,000. With a census - estimated 2017 population of 527,438, Fresno is the fifth-most populous city in California, the most populous city in the Central Valley, the most populous inland city in California, and the 34th-most populous city in the nation.", "title": "Fresno, California" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Memorial Day or Decoration Day is a federal holiday in the United States for remembering the people who died while serving in the country's armed forces. The holiday, which is currently observed every year on the last Monday of May, was held on May 29, 2017. The holiday was held on May 30 from 1868 to 1970. It marks the start of the unofficial summer vacation season, while Labor Day marks its end.", "title": "Memorial Day" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In demographics, the world population is the total number of humans currently living. The world population was estimated to have reached 7.6 billion as of December 2017. The India estimates it will further increase to 11.8 billion by the year 2100.", "title": "World population" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Currently, the Bureau of Prisons is headed by Hugh Hurwitz, who is the current acting director. Mark S. Inch held the post from September 2017 until May 2018.", "title": "Federal Bureau of Prisons" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pakistan's estimated population as of August 25, 2017 was 207.77 million people, making it the world's fifth-most - populous country, just behind Indonesia and slightly ahead of Brazil. During 1950 -- 2011, Pakistan's urban population expanded over sevenfold, while the total population increased by over fourfold. In the past, the country's population had a relatively high growth rate that has been changed by moderate birth rates. Between 1998 - 2017, the average population growth rate stood at 2.40%.", "title": "Demographics of Pakistan" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Bedari, a Pakistani Urdu black and white film, was a classic melodious film of 1956.This film had an identical plot and the songs like Indian film Jagriti (1954), with replacement of some words, and music were taken directly from Jagriti as well. Rattan Kumar (Syed Nazir Ali), who had moved to Pakistan with his family, acted in Bedari also. When 'Bedari' was released in Pakistan in 1956, it too made fabulous business in the first few weeks of exhibition. However, it dawned upon the Pakistani cinemagoers that they were watching a plagiarized film. There was a mass uproar that caused public demonstrations against exhibition of the plagiarized film. The Censor Board of Pakistan immediately put a ban on this film.", "title": "Bedari" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2017, total world crude steel production was 1,691.2 million tonnes (Mt). The biggest steel producing country is currently China, which accounted for 49.2% of world steel production in 2017. In 2008, 2009, 2015 and 2016 output fell in the majority of steel - producing countries as a result of the global recession. In 2010 and 2017, it started to rise again.", "title": "List of countries by steel production" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Suraż, which has a long and rich history, and was a royal town in the Kingdom of Poland, currently is one of the smallest municipalities of the country, with a population of only 1012 (as of June 30, 2012).", "title": "Suraż" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Tucson", "id": 145203, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "Where was Ulysses Kay born in?" }, { "answer": "Tucson Raceway Park", "id": 34088, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Where does #1 hold NASCAR races?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Clyde ``Chase ''Elliott II (born November 28, 1995) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full - time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 9 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Hendrick Motorsports, and part - time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 88 for JR Motorsports and No. 23 for GMS Racing. He is the son of 1988 Winston Cup Series champion Bill Elliott.", "title": "Chase Elliott" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carl Michael Edwards II (born August 15, 1979) is an American former professional stock car racing driver. He last competed in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, driving the No. 19 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing. Prior to that, he drove the No. 99 Ford Fusion for Roush Fenway Racing. He won the 2007 NASCAR Busch Series championship and nearly won the 2011 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series title, but lost by a tiebreaker to Tony Stewart. Edwards is well known for doing a backflip off his car to celebrate a victory, which was a result of saving himself from a potential fall when he had his first win.", "title": "Carl Edwards" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kevin Michael Harvick (born December 8, 1975) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full - time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 4 Ford Fusion for Stewart - Haas Racing and part - time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 98 Ford Mustang for SHR in an alliance with Biagi - DenBeste Racing. Harvick is the former owner of Kevin Harvick Incorporated, a race team that fielded cars in the Xfinity and Camping World Truck Series between 2004 and 2011. He is the 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series champion and a two - time Xfinity Series champion. Harvick holds the all - time record for Cup Series wins at Phoenix International Raceway with nine wins. Harvick is also the third winningest driver in Xfinity Series history with 47 wins.", "title": "Kevin Harvick" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Burney Lamar (born August 21, 1980) is an American stock car racing driver. He has driven in both the NASCAR Xfinity Series and Camping World Truck Series.", "title": "Burney Lamar" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Advance Auto Parts Clash is a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on February 11, 2018, at Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida. Contested over 75 laps, it was the first exhibition race of the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season.", "title": "2018 Advance Auto Parts Clash" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barney Hall (June 24, 1932January 26, 2016) was an American sports commentator for Motor Racing Network, formerly calling NASCAR races. Hall broadcast races for over 50 years. Hall is considered as one of the best NASCAR commentators of all-time. MRN director David Hyatt stated, \"Motor Racing Network is ‘The Voice of NASCAR’ and Barney Hall is the voice of MRN.\"", "title": "Barney Hall" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ronnie Silver (born July 20, 1951) is a former American stock car racer and crew chief. He raced in the NASCAR Busch Series for eight seasons, winning two races.", "title": "Ronnie Silver" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Ulysses Simpson Kay (January 7, 1917 in Tucson, Arizona – May 20, 1995 in Englewood, New Jersey) was an African-American composer. His music is mostly neoclassical in style.", "title": "Ulysses Kay" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Matt Carter (born May 13, 1981) is an American race car driver and the son of former NASCAR Sprint Cup Series car owner Travis Carter.", "title": "Matt Carter (racing driver)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gregory Jack Biffle (born December 23, 1969) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He is inactive as of 2017, last driving in the No. 16 Ford Fusion for Roush Fenway Racing. After racing in the NASCAR Winter Heat Series in the mid-1990s, he was recommended to Jack Roush by former announcer Benny Parsons. He was the 1998 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series Rookie of the Year. He won the 2000 Craftsman Truck championship. He reprised this progression in the NASCAR Busch Series, winning the 2001 Rookie of the Year, immediately followed by winning the 2002 championship. Biffle drove in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series for Roush from 2003 until 2016, winning 19 races in the No. 16 Ford. He currently is an analyst for NBC Sports' show NASCAR America.", "title": "Greg Biffle" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aric A. Almirola (born March 14, 1984) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently drives the No. 43 Ford Fusion for Richard Petty Motorsports in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series. He also drives the No. 98 Ford Mustang for Biagi - DenBeste Racing in the NASCAR Xfinity Series on a part - time basis. Almirola attended the University of Central Florida to work on a degree in mechanical engineering before leaving to pursue a career in racing. He is nicknamed ``The Cuban Missile ''due to his Cuban heritage.", "title": "Aric Almirola" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tracks include Tucson Raceway Park and Rillito Downs. Tucson Raceway Park hosts NASCAR-sanctioned auto racing events and is one of only two asphalt short tracks in Arizona. Rillito Downs is an in-town destination on weekends in January and February each year. This historic track held the first organized quarter horse races in the world, and they are still racing there. The racetrack is threatened by development. The Moltacqua racetrack, was another historic horse racetrack located on what is now Sabino Canyon Road and Vactor Ranch Trail, but it no longer exists.", "title": "Tucson, Arizona" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Dennis Alan ``Denny ''Hamlin (born November 18, 1980) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He currently competes full - time in the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 11 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing, and part - time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 20 Camry for JGR. He has won 30 NASCAR Cup Series races, including the Daytona 500 in 2016, where he also posted the smallest winning margin in that race's history.", "title": "Denny Hamlin" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NASCAR RaceDay (also known as NASCAR RaceDay fueled by Sunoco) is an American pre-race television show on Fox Sports 1 that precedes all NASCAR Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race broadcasts. Part of the \"Fox NASCAR\" series, the show previously aired on Fox Sports Net and Speed. \"NASCAR RaceDay\" is hosted by Shannon Spake with analysis from Bobby Labonte and Jamie McMurray from the Fox Sports studio in Charlotte, North Carolina. Alan Cavanna and Kaitlyn Vincie report from the track", "title": "NASCAR RaceDay" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael Dokken (born June 4, 1971 in Clearwater, Florida) is a retired American stock car racing driver, and a former competitor in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series.", "title": "Michael Dokken" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wendell Oliver Scott (August 29, 1921 – December 23, 1990) was an American stock car racing driver. He was one of the first African-American drivers in NASCAR, and the first African-American to win a race in the Grand National Series, NASCAR's highest level.", "title": "Wendell Scott" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brett Moffitt (born August 7, 1992) is an American professional stock car racing driver who currently competes full-time in the NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series, driving the No. 24 Chevrolet Silverado for GMS Racing, and part-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 8 Chevrolet Camaro for JR Motorsports. He won Rookie of the Year Honors in 2015 in the Cup Series, and won the 2018 NASCAR Camping World Truck Series Championship.", "title": "Brett Moffitt" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Mickel (born 28 January 1971, in Cambridge, England), is a stock car racer and commentator. He has raced in NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series and Pickup Truck Racing with TorqueSpeed. He was also a commentator for Sky Sports' coverage of NASCAR racing through 2008-9.", "title": "John Mickel" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wendy Venturini (born January 30, 1979 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American reporter for the Performance Racing Network (PRN). She works as broadcaster for Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series races and sometimes as a pit reporter for races on PRN. She had been a pit reporter in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series, and reporter for NASCAR Race Day. Venturini is a 2000 graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.", "title": "Wendy Venturini" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jeff Krogh (born March 21, 1972 in Kamiah, Idaho) is a former American professional race car driver, who competed in the NASCAR Busch Grand National Series and the NASCAR Winston West Series. He was seriously injured in a crash during the 1999 Busch Grand National season and never returned to competition.", "title": "Jeff Krogh" } ]

[ "Tucson, Arizona", "Tucson" ]

[ { "answer": "South Carolina", "id": 89632, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "where did they film the movie the patriot" }, { "answer": "Charleston Orange district", "id": 40480, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Where in #1 did Huguenot nobility settle?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 31 December 1687 a group of Huguenots set sail from France as the first of the large scale emigration of Huguenots to the Cape of Good Hope, which took place during 1688 and 1689. In total some 180 Huguenots from France, and 18 Walloons from the present - day Belgium, eventually settled at the Cape of Good Hope. A notable example of this is the emigration of Huguenots from La Motte d'Aigues in Provence, France. After this large scale emigration, individual Huguenot immigrant families arrived at the Cape of Good Hope as late as the first quarter of the 18th century, and the state - subsidised emigration of Huguenots was stopped in 1706.", "title": "Huguenots in South Africa" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenot families of Norman and Carolingian nobility and descent, including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk England from the Humphrey de Bohun line of French royalty descended from Charlemagne, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations.", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis XIV gained the throne in 1643 and acted increasingly aggressively to force the Huguenots to convert. At first he sent missionaries, backed by a fund to financially reward converts to Catholicism. Then he imposed penalties, closed Huguenot schools and excluded them from favored professions. Escalating, he instituted dragonnades, which included the occupation and looting of Huguenot homes by military troops, in an effort to forcibly convert them. In 1685, he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau, revoking the Edict of Nantes and declaring Protestantism illegal.[citation needed]", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adefrsew Yenadu(1873 - 1950) was an army commander, a member of the nobility of the Ethiopian Empire, and a patriot.", "title": "Adafersaw Yenadu" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mid-20th century movies set in the Bronx portrayed densely settled, working-class, urban culture. Hollywood films such as From This Day Forward (1946), set in Highbridge, occasionally delved into Bronx life. Paddy Chayefsky's Academy Award-winning Marty was the most notable examination of working class Bronx life was also explored by Chayefsky in his 1956 film The Catered Affair, and in the 1993 Robert De Niro/Chazz Palminteri film, A Bronx Tale, Spike Lee's 1999 movie Summer of Sam, centered in an Italian-American Bronx community, 1994's I Like It Like That that takes place in the predominantly Puerto Rican neighborhood of the South Bronx, and Doughboys, the story of two Italian-American brothers in danger of losing their bakery thanks to one brother's gambling debts.", "title": "The Bronx" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Traitor or Patriot (Original French-language title: Traître ou Patriote) is a Quebec documentary produced by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB) in 2000. It is directed by and starring Jacques Godbout. Its style belongs to the Quebec cinéma direct school of filmmaking.", "title": "Traitor or Patriot" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Williamsburg: the Story of a Patriot, often called The Patriot, is an orientation film produced by Paramount Pictures and the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation in 1957. It has the distinction of being the longest-running motion picture in history, having been shown continually in the Colonial Williamsburg Visitor Center for over five decades. On September 20, 2002, it was seen by the 30 millionth viewer.", "title": "Williamsburg: the Story of a Patriot" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some Huguenots fought in the Low Countries alongside the Dutch against Spain during the first years of the Dutch Revolt (1568–1609). The Dutch Republic rapidly became a destination for Huguenot exiles. Early ties were already visible in the \"Apologie\" of William the Silent, condemning the Spanish Inquisition, which was written by his court minister, the Huguenot Pierre L'Oyseleur, lord of Villiers. Louise de Coligny, daughter of the murdered Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny, married William the Silent, leader of the Dutch (Calvinist) revolt against Spanish (Catholic) rule. As both spoke French in daily life, their court church in the Prinsenhof in Delft held services in French. The practice has continued to the present day. The Prinsenhof is one of the 14 active Walloon churches of the Dutch Reformed Church. The ties between Huguenots and the Dutch Republic's military and political leadership, the House of Orange-Nassau, which existed since the early days of the Dutch Revolt, helped support the many early settlements of Huguenots in the Dutch Republic's colonies. They settled at the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and New Netherland in North America.", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "One of the most prominent Huguenot refugees in the Netherlands was Pierre Bayle. He started teaching in Rotterdam, where he finished writing and publishing his multi-volume masterpiece, Historical and Critical Dictionary. It became one of the 100 foundational texts of the US Library of Congress. Some Huguenot descendants in the Netherlands may be noted by French family names, although they typically use Dutch given names. Due to the Huguenots' early ties with the leadership of the Dutch Revolt and their own participation, some of the Dutch patriciate are of part-Huguenot descent. Some Huguenot families have kept alive various traditions, such as the celebration and feast of their patron Saint Nicolas, similar to the Dutch Sint Nicolaas (Sinterklaas) feast.", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Individual Huguenots settled at the Cape of Good Hope from as early as 1671 with the arrival of François Villion (Viljoen). The first Huguenot to arrive at the Cape of Good Hope was however Maria de la Queillerie, wife of commander Jan van Riebeeck (and daughter of a Walloon church minister), who arrived on 6 April 1652 to establish a settlement at what is today Cape Town. The couple left for the Far East ten years later. On 31 December 1687 the first organised group of Huguenots set sail from the Netherlands to the Dutch East India Company post at the Cape of Good Hope. The largest portion of the Huguenots to settle in the Cape arrived between 1688 and 1689 in seven ships as part of the organised migration, but quite a few arrived as late as 1700; thereafter, the numbers declined and only small groups arrived at a time.", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peppino e la vecchia signora (also known as \"Peppino e la nobile dama\") is a 1954 Italian comedy film directed by Emma Gramatica and Piero Ballerini.", "title": "Peppino e la vecchia signora" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The film was shot entirely on location in South Carolina, including Charleston, Rock Hill -- for many of the battle scenes, and Lowrys -- for the farm of Benjamin Martin, as well as nearby Fort Lawn. Other scenes were filmed at Mansfield Plantation, an antebellum rice plantation in Georgetown, Middleton Place in Charleston, South Carolina, at the Cistern Yard on the campus of College of Charleston, and Hightower Hall and Homestead House at Brattonsville, South Carolina, along with the grounds of the Brattonsville Plantation in McConnells, South Carolina. Producer Mark Gordon said the production team ``tried their best to be as authentic as possible ''because`` the backdrop was serious history,'' giving attention to details in period dress. Producer Dean Devlin and the film's costume designers examined actual Revolutionary War uniforms at the Smithsonian Institution prior to shooting.", "title": "The Patriot (2000 film)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Son of India is a Bollywood film of 1962. The film was written and directed by the leading Director of those days- Mehboob Khan. The film had the leading cast including Kamaljit, Simi Garewal, Sajid Khan, Jayant and Kumkum. The music of this film is by Naushad and the lyrics by Shakeel Badayuni. The movie is still remembered for its melodious music even after such a long span of time. One of the patriotic songs especially for the children- \"Nanha Munna Rahi Hoon Desh Ka Sipahi Hoon\" became quite popular. The film was a box office bomb.", "title": "Son of India (1962 film)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "No. Date Location Winning team Losing team Score Series Attendance October 4, 2010 Sun Life Stadium Patriots Patriots 41 -- 14 Patriots 1 -- 0 69,090 January 2, 2011 Gillette Stadium Patriots Dolphins 38 -- 7 Patriots 2 -- 0 68,756 September 12, 2011 Sun Life Stadium Patriots Dolphins 38 -- 24 Patriots 3 -- 0 66,860 December 24, 2011 Gillette Stadium Patriots Dolphins 27 -- 24 Patriots 4 -- 0 68,756 5 December 2, 2012 Sun Life Stadium Patriots Dolphins 23 -- 16 Patriots 5 -- 0 72,114 6 December 30, 2012 Gillette Stadium Patriots Dolphins 28 -- 0 Patriots 6 -- 0 68,736 7 October 27, 2013 Gillette Stadium Patriots Dolphins 27 -- 17 Patriots 7 -- 0 68,736 8 December 15, 2013 Sun Life Stadium Dolphins Patriots 24 -- 20 Patriots 7 -- 1 71,863 9 September 7, 2014 Sun Life Stadium Dolphins Patriots 33 -- 20 Patriots 7 -- 2 70,630 10 December 14, 2014 Gillette Stadium Patriots Dolphins 41 -- 13 Patriots 8 -- 2 68,756 11 October 29, 2015 Gillette Stadium Patriots Dolphins 36 -- 7 Patriots 9 -- 2 66,829 12 January 1, 2016 Sun Life Stadium Dolphins Patriots 20 -- 10 Patriots 9 -- 3 62,918 13 October 8, 2016 Gillette Stadium Patriots Dolphins 31 -- 24 Patriots 10 -- 3 68,756 14 January 1, 2017 Hard Rock Stadium Patriots Dolphins 35 -- 14 Patriots 11 -- 3 66,163 15 October 21, 2017 Gillette Stadium Patriots Dolphins 35 -- 17 Patriots 12 -- 3 65,878 16 December 23, 2017 Hard Rock Stadium Dolphins Patriots 27 -- 20 Patriots 12 -- 4 65,548 17 September 21, 2018 Gillette Stadium Patriots Patriots 38 -- 7 Patriots 13 -- 4 65,878", "title": "Dolphins–Patriots rivalry" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Polish nobility differed in many respects from the nobility of other countries. The most important difference was that, while in most European countries the nobility lost power as the ruler strove for absolute monarchy, in Poland the reverse process occurred: the nobility actually gained power at the expense of the king, and the political system evolved into an oligarchy.", "title": "Szlachta" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first Huguenots to leave France sought freedom from persecution in Switzerland and the Netherlands.[citation needed] A group of Huguenots was part of the French colonisers who arrived in Brazil in 1555 to found France Antarctique. A couple of ships with around 500 people arrived at the Guanabara Bay, present-day Rio de Janeiro, and settled in a small island. A fort, named Fort Coligny, was built to protect them from attack from the Portuguese troops and Brazilian Native Americans. It was an attempt to establish a French colony in South America. The fort was destroyed in 1560 by the Portuguese, who captured part of the Huguenots. The Portuguese threatened the prisoners with death if they did not convert to Catholicism. The Huguenots of Guanabara, as they are now known, produced a declaration of faith to express their beliefs to the Portuguese. This was their death sentence. This document, the Guanabara Confession of Faith, became the first Protestant confession of faith in the whole of the Americas.[citation needed]", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, invited Huguenots to settle in his realms, and a number of their descendants rose to positions of prominence in Prussia. Several prominent German military, cultural, and political figures were ethnic Huguenot, including poet Theodor Fontane, General Hermann von François, the hero of the First World War Battle of Tannenberg, Luftwaffe General and fighter ace Adolf Galland, Luftwaffe flying ace Hans-Joachim Marseille, and famed U-boat captain Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière. The last Prime Minister of the (East) German Democratic Republic, Lothar de Maizière, is also a descendant of a Huguenot family, as is the German Federal Minister of the Interior, Thomas de Maizière.", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barred by the government from settling in New France, Huguenots led by Jessé de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland (later incorporated into New York and New Jersey); as well as Great Britain's colonies, including Nova Scotia. A number of New Amsterdam's families were of Huguenot origin, often having emigrated as refugees to the Netherlands in the previous century. In 1628 the Huguenots established a congregation as L'Église française à la Nouvelle-Amsterdam (the French church in New Amsterdam). This parish continues today as L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit, part of the Episcopal (Anglican) communion, and welcomes Francophone New Yorkers from all over the world. Upon their arrival in New Amsterdam, Huguenots were offered land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbor at the end of Newtown Creek, becoming the first Europeans to live in Brooklyn, then known as Boschwick, in the neighborhood now known as Bushwick.", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacques Varennes (September 6, 1894 – November 8, 1958) was a French film actor who appeared in around seventy films during his career. He appeared in Maurice Tourneur's 1938 historical film \"The Patriot\".", "title": "Jacques Varennes" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Note that the Polish landed gentry (ziemianie or ziemiaństwo) was composed of any nobility that owned lands: thus of course the magnates, the middle nobility and that lesser nobility that had at least part of the village. As manorial lordships were also opened to burgesses of certain privileged royal cities, not all landed gentry had a hereditary title of nobility.", "title": "Szlachta" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "South Carolina", "id": 130508, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "What state is Borough House Plantation located?" }, { "answer": "College of Charles Towne", "id": 32379, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "What is the oldest college in #1 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fairhope Plantation is a historic Carpenter Gothic plantation house and historic district, located one mile east of Uniontown, Alabama, USA. The -story wood-framed main house was built in the Gothic Revival style in the late 1850s. The plantation historic district includes six other contributing buildings, in addition to the main house. It was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on December 19, 1991 and subsequently to the National Register of Historic Places on May 29, 1992, due to its architectural and historical significance.", "title": "Fairhope Plantation" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Union Oyster House, open to diners since 1826, is amongst the oldest operating restaurants in the United States of America, and the oldest that has been continuously operating since being opened. It is located at 41 -- 43 Union Street, Boston, Massachusetts. The building was listed as a National Historic Landmark on May 27, 2003.", "title": "Union Oyster House" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Staten Island / ˌstætən ˈaɪlənd / is the southernmost and westernmost of the five boroughs of New York City in the U.S. state of New York. Located in the southwest portion of the city, Staten Island is the southernmost part of both the city and state of New York, with Conference House Park located at the southern tip of the island. The borough is separated from New Jersey by the Arthur Kill and the Kill Van Kull, and from the rest of New York by New York Bay. With a 2017 Census -- estimated population of 479,458 Staten Island is the least populated of the boroughs but is the third - largest in land area at 58.5 sq mi (152 km). The borough is coextensive with Richmond County and until 1975 was referred to as the Borough of Richmond. Its flag was later changed to reflect this. Staten Island has sometimes been called ``the forgotten borough ''by inhabitants who feel neglected by the city government.", "title": "Staten Island" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "As Charles Town grew, so did the community's cultural and social opportunities, especially for the elite merchants and planters. The first theatre building in America was built in 1736 on the site of today's Dock Street Theatre. Benevolent societies were formed by different ethnic groups, from French Huguenots to free people of color to Germans to Jews. The Charles Towne Library Society was established in 1748 by well-born young men who wanted to share the financial cost to keep up with the scientific and philosophical issues of the day. This group also helped establish the College of Charles Towne in 1770, the oldest college in South Carolina. Until its transition to state ownership in 1970, this was the oldest municipally supported college in the United States.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ayr Mount is a Federal style plantation house located east of Hillsborough, in Orange County, North Carolina, the United States of America.", "title": "Ayr Mount" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bellevue is a historic plantation house located at 200 Manning Road East, in Accokeek, Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. This Greek Revival style home was constructed in about 1840. It is one of only three surviving examples in Prince George's County of the once-popular Tidewater house style, typical of successful small plantations of that period. Bellevue is in excellent condition, and retains its freestanding chimneys with brick pent, as well as a roughly contemporary kitchen wing. The house stands on a five-acre, partially wooded lot which exemplifies its original plantation setting.", "title": "Bellevue (Accokeek, Maryland)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Columbia University in New York City, United States, was founded in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of King George II of England. It is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York and the fifth oldest in the United States. The period leading up to the school's founding was marked in controversy, with various groups competing to determine its location and religious affiliation. Advocates of New York City met with success on the first point, while the Church of England prevailed on the latter. However, all constituencies agreed to commit themselves to principles of religious liberty in establishing the policies of the College.", "title": "History of Columbia University" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The film was shot entirely on location in South Carolina, including Charleston, Rock Hill -- for many of the battle scenes, and Lowrys -- for the farm of Benjamin Martin, as well as nearby Fort Lawn. Other scenes were filmed at Mansfield Plantation, an antebellum rice plantation in Georgetown, Middleton Place in Charleston, South Carolina, at the Cistern Yard on the campus of College of Charleston, and Hightower Hall and Homestead House at Brattonsville, South Carolina, along with the grounds of the Brattonsville Plantation in McConnells, South Carolina. Producer Mark Gordon said the production team ``tried their best to be as authentic as possible ''because`` the backdrop was serious history,'' giving attention to details in period dress. Producer Dean Devlin and the film's costume designers examined actual Revolutionary War uniforms at the Smithsonian Institution prior to shooting.", "title": "The Patriot (2000 film)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cuba Plantation is a historic plantation house located in Faunsdale, Alabama. It was built in 1850 by Andrew Pickens Calhoun as an overseer's house for this, his second plantation. He added about 420 acres to Cuba Plantation, purchased from William Henry Tayloe, son of John Tayloe III of The Octagon House-called Adventure. His primary plantation was the nearby Tulip Hill. Andrew Calhoun was the son of John C. Calhoun, seventh Vice President of the United States, who frequented the Octagon House while in Washington, D.C. as Secretary of War and later an independent outlier of the anti-Jacksonian Whig Party, later realigning himself with the Democrats' policies. It was sold in 1863 to Tristram Benjamin Bethea, who resided in Montgomery County, Alabama. Originally a one-story structure, the house was later enlarged on the ground floor and a second story added by the Bethea family. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 13, 1993, as a part of the Plantation Houses of the Alabama Canebrake and Their Associated Outbuildings Multiple Property Submission.", "title": "Cuba Plantation" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Borough House Plantation, also known as Borough House, Hillcrest Plantation and Anderson Place, is an historic plantation on South Carolina Highway 261, north of its intersection with U.S. Route 76/US Route 378 in Stateburg, in the High Hills of Santee near Sumter, South Carolina. A National Historic Landmark, the plantation is noted as the largest assemblage of high-style pisé (rammed earth) structures in the United States. The main house and six buildings on the plantation were built using this technique, beginning in 1821. The plantation is also notable as the home of Confederate Army General Richard H. Anderson.", "title": "Borough House Plantation" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Joseph D. Bernard House (also known as the Bernard-Bertrand House) is a historic house located in Rayne, Louisiana in the United States. The house is the former home of the first mayor of the city of Rayne, Joseph Bernard. As one of the oldest homes in Rayne. Today, the house serves as the Rayne Cultural Center.", "title": "Joseph D. Bernard House" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Providence Plantation and Farm, also known as Fogg House and Farm, is a historic plantation house located near Newtown, King and Queen County, Virginia. The main was built about 1826, and altered about 1840. It is a two-story, three bay, brick house with Federal style design influences. Also on the property are the contributing two-story Reconstruction-era granary and carriage house, and Great Depression-era hen laying house, two-story sweet potato shed, and mechanic's shop.", "title": "Providence Plantation and Farm" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "South Philipsburg is a census-designated place (CDP), formerly a borough, located in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is part of the State College, Pennsylvania Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 410 at the 2010 census. As of January 1, 2007, the borough government was dissolved and the area reverted to Rush Township.", "title": "South Philipsburg, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Belvoir, also known as the Saffold Plantation, is a historic plantation and plantation house near Pleasant Hill, Alabama, United States. The Greek Revival-style house features a Carolina-type, hexastyle portico with Doric columns. It was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on November 2, 1990.", "title": "Belvoir (Saffold Plantation)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Red Hill Patrick Henry National Memorial, in Charlotte County, Virginia near the Town of Brookneal, honors Patrick Henry, the fiery legislator and orator of the American Revolution. Henry bought Red Hill Plantation at his retirement in 1794 and occupied it until 1799, the year of his death. In addition to the main house, Henry used another building as his law office. There were also dependencies and slave quarters on the working 520-acre tobacco plantation. The plantation was located on the Staunton River for transportation.", "title": "Red Hill Patrick Henry National Memorial" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Waverly Plantation was a large cotton plantation of unknown size, located in southern Leon County, Florida, United States, owned by George Taliaferro Ward.", "title": "Waverly Plantation (Leon County, Florida)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Belle Mina, known as Belmina during the 19th century, is a historic plantation and plantation house in Belle Mina, Alabama, United States. Completed in 1826, the Late Georgian-style house was built for Alabama's second governor, Thomas Bibb.", "title": "Belle Mina" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Shirley Plantation is an estate located on the north bank of the James River in Charles City County, Virginia, USA. It is located on State Route 5, a scenic byway which runs between the independent cities of Richmond and Williamsburg. Shirley Plantation is the oldest active plantation in Virginia and is the oldest family-owned business in North America, dating back to 1614 with operations starting in 1638. The plantation was added to the National Register in 1969 and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970.", "title": "Shirley Plantation" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The William S. Simmons Plantation, also known as the Wesley House, is a Greek Revival brick home located in Cave Spring, Georgia, United States, North America. The home was built in the 1840s, prior to the American Civil War, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.", "title": "William S. Simmons Plantation" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ammerud is a part of Grorud Borough in Oslo, Norway known for its large Le Corbusier style housing blocks. The borough administration is located here.", "title": "Ammerud" } ]

[ "Charles Towne" ]

[ { "answer": "early 20th century", "id": 24441, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "When were young boys employed in the glass making industries?" }, { "answer": "United Kingdom and Prussia", "id": 36630, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "What countries found their economic growth in #1 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "London's largest industry is finance, and its financial exports make it a large contributor to the UK's balance of payments. Around 325,000 people were employed in financial services in London until mid-2007. London has over 480 overseas banks, more than any other city in the world. Over 85 percent (3.2 million) of the employed population of greater London works in the services industries. Because of its prominent global role, London's economy had been affected by the Late-2000s financial crisis. However, by 2010 the City has recovered; put in place new regulatory powers, proceeded to regain lost ground and re-established London's economic dominance. The City of London is home to the Bank of England, London Stock Exchange, and Lloyd's of London insurance market.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glass was used extensively during the Middle Ages. Anglo-Saxon glass has been found across England during archaeological excavations of both settlement and cemetery sites. Glass in the Anglo-Saxon period was used in the manufacture of a range of objects including vessels, beads, windows and was also used in jewelry. From the 10th-century onwards, glass was employed in stained glass windows of churches and cathedrals, with famous examples at Chartres Cathedral and the Basilica of Saint Denis. By the 14th-century, architects were designing buildings with walls of stained glass such as Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, (1203–1248) and the East end of Gloucester Cathedral. Stained glass had a major revival with Gothic Revival architecture in the 19th-century. With the Renaissance, and a change in architectural style, the use of large stained glass windows became less prevalent. The use of domestic stained glass increased until most substantial houses had glass windows. These were initially small panes leaded together, but with the changes in technology, glass could be manufactured relatively cheaply in increasingly larger sheets. This led to larger window panes, and, in the 20th-century, to much larger windows in ordinary domestic and commercial buildings.", "title": "Glass" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the early 20th century, thousands of boys were employed in glass making industries. Glass making was a dangerous and tough job especially without the current technologies. The process of making glass includes intense heat to melt glass (3133 °F). When the boys are at work, they are exposed to this heat. This could cause eye trouble, lung ailments, heat exhaustion, cut, and burns. Since workers were paid by the piece, they had to work productively for hours without a break. Since furnaces had to be constantly burning, there were night shifts from 5:00 pm to 3:00 am. Many factory owners preferred boys under 16 years of age.", "title": "Child labour" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Studies on income inequality and growth have sometimes found evidence confirming the Kuznets curve hypothesis, which states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases. Economist Thomas Piketty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945 wars and \"violent economic and political shocks\" reduced inequality. Moreover, Piketty argues that the \"magical\" Kuznets curve hypothesis, with its emphasis on the balancing of economic growth in the long run, cannot account for the significant increase in economic inequality throughout the developed world since the 1970s.", "title": "Economic inequality" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The economic liberalisation in India refers to the economic liberalisation, initiated in 1991, of the country's economic policies, with the goal of making the economy more market and service - oriented and expanding the role of private and foreign investment. Specific changes include a reduction in import tariffs, deregulation of markets, reduction of taxes, and greater foreign investment. Liberalisation has been credited by its proponents for the high economic growth recorded by the country in the 1990s and 2000s. Its opponents have blamed it for increased poverty, inequality and economic degradation. The overall direction of liberalisation has since remained the same, irrespective of the ruling party, although no party has yet solved a variety of politically difficult issues, such as liberalising labour laws and reducing agricultural subsidies. There exists a lively debate in India as to what made the economic reforms sustainable.", "title": "Economic liberalisation in India" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Valencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.", "title": "Valencia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since independence, Botswana has had one of the fastest growth rates in per capita income in the world. Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to an upper middle-income country. Although Botswana was resource-abundant, a good institutional framework allowed the country to reinvest resource-income in order to generate stable future income. By one estimate, it has the fourth highest gross national income at purchasing power parity in Africa, giving it a standard of living around that of Mexico.The Ministry of Trade and Industry of Botswana is responsible for promoting business development throughout the country. According to the International Monetary Fund, economic growth averaged over 9% per year from 1966 to 1999. Botswana has a high level of economic freedom compared to other African countries. The government has maintained a sound fiscal policy, despite consecutive budget deficits in 2002 and 2003, and a negligible level of foreign debt. It earned the highest sovereign credit rating in Africa and has stockpiled foreign exchange reserves (over $7 billion in 2005/2006) amounting to almost two and a half years of current imports.", "title": "Botswana" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 20th century, new types of glass such as laminated glass, reinforced glass and glass bricks have increased the use of glass as a building material and resulted in new applications of glass. Multi-storey buildings are frequently constructed with curtain walls made almost entirely of glass. Similarly, laminated glass has been widely applied to vehicles for windscreens. While glass containers have always been used for storage and are valued for their hygienic properties, glass has been utilized increasingly in industry. Optical glass for spectacles has been used since the late Middle Ages. The production of lenses has become increasingly proficient, aiding astronomers as well as having other application in medicine and science. Glass is also employed as the aperture cover in many solar energy systems.", "title": "Glass" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glass Beach is a beach in Eleele, an industrial area in Kauai, Hawaii that is made of sea glass. It is in Hanapepe Bay, near Port Allen Harbor. The beach's regular rock is basalt, but the sea glass formed after years of discarded glass.", "title": "Glass Beach (Eleele, Hawaii)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since the mid-1990s, Melbourne has maintained significant population and employment growth. There has been substantial international investment in the city's industries and property market. Major inner-city urban renewal has occurred in areas such as Southbank, Port Melbourne, Melbourne Docklands and more recently, South Wharf. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Melbourne sustained the highest population increase and economic growth rate of any Australian capital city in the three years ended June 2004. These factors have led to population growth and further suburban expansion through the 2000s.", "title": "Melbourne" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glass Geishas is a 2012 thriller novel by English author Susanna Quinn and was released on 1 June 2012 by Hodder & Stoughton. The book primarily focuses on a young English girl that becomes part of the Japanese hostess and sex industry. Of the novel, Quinn stated that she used her experiences as a hostess in Japan as inspiration for the book.", "title": "Glass Geishas" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nevertheless, the government was able to make wide-ranging economic reforms that paid off in dramatically lower inflation and steady growth. The 1994 cease-fire in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has also helped the economy. Armenia has had strong economic growth since 1995, building on the turnaround that began the previous year, and inflation has been negligible for the past several years. New sectors, such as precious-stone processing and jewellery making, information and communication technology, and even tourism are beginning to supplement more traditional sectors of the economy, such as agriculture.", "title": "Armenia" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "World War II (1939-1945) devastated the country's economy, but the high levels of economic growth that followed from 1950 to 1980 have been called the Greek economic miracle. From 2000 Greece saw high levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average, peaking at 5.8% in 2003 and 5.7% in 2006. The subsequent Great Recession and Greek government-debt crisis, a central focus of the wider European debt crisis, plunged the economy into a sharp downturn, with real GDP growth rates of −0.3% in 2008, −4.3% in 2009, −5.5% in 2010, −9.1% in 2011, −7.3% in 2012 and −3.2% in 2013. In 2011, the country's public debt reached €356 billion (172% of nominal GDP). After negotiating the biggest debt restructuring in history with the private sector, Greece reduced its sovereign debt burden to €280 billion (137% of GDP) in the first quarter of 2012. Greece achieved a real GDP growth rate of 0.7% in 2014 after 6 years of economic decline, but fell back into recession in 2015.", "title": "Economy of Greece" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some theories developed in the 1970s established possible avenues through which inequality may have a positive effect on economic development. According to a 1955 review, savings by the wealthy, if these increase with inequality, were thought to offset reduced consumer demand. A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has risen with increased income inequality. Some theories popular from the 1950s to 2011 incorrectly stated that inequality had a positive effect on economic development. Analyses based on comparing yearly equality figures to yearly growth rates were misleading because it takes several years for effects to manifest as changes to economic growth. IMF economists found a strong association between lower levels of inequality in developing countries and sustained periods of economic growth. Developing countries with high inequality have \"succeeded in initiating growth at high rates for a few years\" but \"longer growth spells are robustly associated with more equality in the income distribution.\"", "title": "Economic inequality" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Because of the global economic recession that began in 2007, the GDP of Estonia decreased by 1.4% in the 2nd quarter of 2008, over 3% in the 3rd quarter of 2008, and over 9% in the 4th quarter of 2008. The Estonian government made a supplementary negative budget, which was passed by Riigikogu. The revenue of the budget was decreased for 2008 by EEK 6.1 billion and the expenditure by EEK 3.2 billion. In 2010, the economic situation stabilized and started a growth based on strong exports. In the fourth quarter of 2010, Estonian industrial output increased by 23% compared to the year before. The country has been experiencing economic growth ever since.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "To encourage the growth of non-oil industries, an industrial city was established in the open space between the three cities. Now home to more than 124 factories, the industrial complex is completely engulfed by an urban mass. As a result, a second industrial city was established further away from the Dammam Area along the highway to Riyadh. Located on nearly 6,000 acres (24 km2) of land, the Second Industrial City is already home to 120 factories, with 160 others under construction. These plants manufacture a variety of consumer and industrial products that are marketed throughout the Kingdom and are exported to other countries around the world. Handling such exports, as well as imports from abroad, is the domain of shipping agents and commercial companies located in Dammam and Al-Khobar, making the Dammam Area not only a major oil producing and exporting area, but also a commercial and shipping center.", "title": "Dammam" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Over time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power. Others, such as Russia and Austria-Hungary, stagnated. At the same time, other states were emerging and expanding in power, largely through the process of industrialization. These countries seeking to attain great power status were: Italy after the Risorgimento, Japan after the Meiji Restoration, and the United States after its civil war. By the dawn of the 20th century, the balance of world power had changed substantially since the Congress of Vienna. The Eight-Nation Alliance was a belligerent alliance of eight nations against the Boxer Rebellion in China. It formed in 1900 and consisted of the five Congress powers plus Italy, Japan, and the United States, representing the great powers at the beginning of 20th century.", "title": "Great power" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While acknowledging the central role economic growth can potentially play in human development, poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, it is becoming widely understood amongst the development community that special efforts must be made to ensure poorer sections of society are able to participate in economic growth. The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction – the growth elasticity of poverty – can depend on the existing level of inequality. For instance, with low inequality a country with a growth rate of 2% per head and 40% of its population living in poverty, can halve poverty in ten years, but a country with high inequality would take nearly 60 years to achieve the same reduction. In the words of the Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki-Moon: \"While economic growth is necessary, it is not sufficient for progress on reducing poverty.\"", "title": "Economic inequality" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Glass remained a luxury material, and the disasters that overtook Late Bronze Age civilizations seem to have brought glass-making to a halt. Indigenous development of glass technology in South Asia may have begun in 1730 BCE. In ancient China, though, glassmaking seems to have a late start, compared to ceramics and metal work. The term glass developed in the late Roman Empire. It was in the Roman glassmaking center at Trier, now in modern Germany, that the late-Latin term glesum originated, probably from a Germanic word for a transparent, lustrous substance. Glass objects have been recovered across the Roman empire in domestic, industrial and funerary contexts.[citation needed]", "title": "Glass" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Research by Harvard economist Robert Barro, found that there is \"little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment\". According to work by Barro in 1999 and 2000, high levels of inequality reduce growth in relatively poor countries but encourage growth in richer countries. A study of Swedish counties between 1960 and 2000 found a positive impact of inequality on growth with lead times of five years or less, but no correlation after ten years. Studies of larger data sets have found no correlations for any fixed lead time, and a negative impact on the duration of growth.", "title": "Economic inequality" } ]

[ "United Kingdom", "UK" ]

[ { "answer": "Stalin", "id": 23297, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Who broke the agreement with the invasion of Bukovina?" }, { "answer": "reinforce a public affection for Germany", "id": 23366, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Why did #1 sign the pact?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The stated clauses of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact were a guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other, and a written commitment that neither party would ally itself to, or aid, an enemy of the other party. In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol that divided territories of Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland into German and Soviet \"spheres of influence\", anticipating potential \"territorial and political rearrangements\" of these countries. Thereafter, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. After the Soviet–Japanese ceasefire agreement took effect on 16 September, Stalin ordered his own invasion of Poland on 17 September. Part of southeastern (Karelia) and Salla region in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union after the Winter War. This was followed by Soviet annexations of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertza region). Concern about ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians had been proffered as justification for the Soviet invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, as it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence agreed with the Axis.", "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In an effort to demonstrate peaceful intentions toward Germany, on 13 April 1941, the Soviets signed a neutrality pact with Axis power Japan. While Stalin had little faith in Japan's commitment to neutrality, he felt that the pact was important for its political symbolism, to reinforce a public affection for Germany. Stalin felt that there was a growing split in German circles about whether Germany should initiate a war with the Soviet Union. Stalin did not know that Hitler had been secretly discussing an invasion of the Soviet Union since summer 1940, and that Hitler had ordered his military in late 1940 to prepare for war in the east regardless of the parties' talks of a potential Soviet entry as a fourth Axis Power.", "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The China–Pakistan Free Trade Agreement is a major free trade agreement signed between the People's Republic of China and Pakistan. It was concluded in 2006 and entered into effect in July 2007.", "title": "China–Pakistan Free Trade Agreement" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A region of Moldavia during the Middle Ages, the territory of what became known as Bukovina was, from 1774 to 1918, an administrative division of the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire, and Austria-Hungary. After World War I, Romania established its control over Bukovina. In 1940, the northern half of Bukovina was annexed by the Soviet Union in violation of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, and currently is part of Ukraine.", "title": "Bukovina" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi -- Soviet Pact, the German -- Soviet Non-aggression Pact or the Nazi German -- Soviet Pact of Aggression (officially: Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), was a neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939 by foreign ministers Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov, respectively. The pact was followed by the German - Soviet Commercial Agreement in February 1940.", "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In April 2007, Bintsamou signed a peace agreement with the central government in Brazzaville. Under the agreement, Bintsamou was to disband his militia in exchange for a position as a deputy minister responsible for peace and reparations.", "title": "Frédéric Bintsamou" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Barcelona was signed on 19 January 1493 between France and the Crown of Aragon. Based on the terms of the agreement, France returned Roussillon and Cerdagne to the Crown of Aragon. In return, the Crown of Aragon vowed to maintain neutrality during any French invasions of Italy.", "title": "Treaty of Barcelona (1493)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Molotov -- Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi -- Soviet Pact, the German -- Soviet Non-aggression Pact or the Nazi German - Soviet Pact of Aggression (officially: Treaty of Non-aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), was a neutrality pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union signed in Moscow on 23 August 1939 by foreign ministers Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov, respectively. The pact was followed by the German - Soviet Commercial Agreement in February 1940.", "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soviet propaganda and representatives went to great lengths to minimize the importance of the fact that they had opposed and fought against the Nazis in various ways for a decade prior to signing the Pact. Upon signing the pact, Molotov tried to reassure the Germans of his good intentions by commenting to journalists that \"fascism is a matter of taste\". For its part, Nazi Germany also did a public volte-face regarding its virulent opposition to the Soviet Union, though Hitler still viewed an attack on the Soviet Union as \"inevitable\".[citation needed]", "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion.", "title": "Warsaw Pact" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the Invasion of Poland in September 1939, German and Soviet troops divided the territory of Poland. Thus, Eastern Galicia and Volhynia with their Ukrainian population became part of Ukraine. For the first time in history, the nation was united.In 1940, the Soviets annexed Bessarabia and northern Bukovina. The Ukrainian SSR incorporated the northern and southern districts of Bessarabia, northern Bukovina, and the Hertsa region. But it ceded the western part of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to the newly created Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. These territorial gains of the USSR were internationally recognized by the Paris peace treaties of 1947.", "title": "Ukraine" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (with the participation of all Pact nations except Romania and Albania). The Pact failed to function when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Eastern Europe, beginning with the Solidarity movement in Poland and its success in June 1989.", "title": "Warsaw Pact" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. Joseph Stalin waited until 17 September before launching his own invasion of Poland. Part of southeastern (Karelia) and the Salla region of Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union after the Winter War. This was followed by Soviet annexations of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertza region). It was only in 1989 that the Soviet Union admitted the existence of the secret protocol of the Nazi - Soviet pact regarding the planned divisions of these territories. The invasion of Bukovina violated the Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact, as it went beyond the Soviet sphere agreed with the Axis.", "title": "Soviet Union in World War II" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gandhi Irwin Pact was a political agreement signed by Mahatma Gandhi and the then Viceroy of India, Lord Irwin on 5 March 1931 before the second Round Table Conference in London. Before this, the viceroy Lord Irwin announced in October 1929, a vague offer of 'dominion status' for India in an unspecified future and a Round Table Conference to discuss a future constitution. The second round table conference which was held in 1931.", "title": "Gandhi–Irwin Pact" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In September 1940, Japan decided to cut China's only land line to the outside world by seizing Indochina, which was controlled at the time by Vichy France. Japanese forces broke their agreement with the Vichy administration and fighting broke out, ending in a Japanese victory. On 27 September Japan signed a military alliance with Germany and Italy, becoming one of the three Axis Powers. In practice, there was little coordination between Japan and Germany until 1944, by which time the U.S. was deciphering their secret diplomatic correspondence.", "title": "Pacific War" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kellogg–Briand Pact (or Pact of Paris, officially General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy) is a 1928 international agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve \"disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them\". Parties failing to abide by this promise \"should be denied of the benefits furnished by [the] treaty\". It was signed by Germany, France, and the United States on 27 August 1928, and by most other states soon after. Sponsored by France and the U.S., the Pact renounced the use of war and calls for the peaceful settlement of disputes. Similar provisions were incorporated into the Charter of the United Nations and other treaties and it became a stepping-stone to a more activist American policy. It is named after its authors, United States Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg and French foreign minister Aristide Briand. The pact was concluded outside the League of Nations and remains in effect.", "title": "Kellogg–Briand Pact" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In August 1940, the Soviet Union briefly suspended its deliveries under their commercial agreement after their relations were strained following disagreement over policy in Romania, the Soviet war with Finland, Germany falling behind in its deliveries of goods under the pact and with Stalin worried that Hitler's war with the West might end quickly after France signed an armistice. The suspension created significant resource problems for Germany. By the end of August, relations improved again as the countries had redrawn the Hungarian and Romanian borders, settled some Bulgarian claims and Stalin was again convinced that Germany would face a long war in the west with Britain's improvement in its air battle with Germany and the execution of an agreement between the United States and Britain regarding destroyers and bases. However, in late August, Germany arranged its own occupation of Romania, targeting oil fields. The move raised tensions with the Soviets, who responded that Germany was supposed to have consulted with the Soviet Union under Article III of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.", "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pact of Espino Negro (1927) was an agreement developed by the United States to resolve the 1926-1927 civil war in Nicaragua.", "title": "Pact of Espino Negro" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The FATCA agreement is an international agreement signed between Canada and the United States that allows the implementation of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (an Act of the U.S. Congress) in Canada. It is one of 30 intergovernmental agreements the US has concluded with other countries to implement the FATCA.", "title": "FATCA agreement between Canada and the United States" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 22 August, one day after the talks broke down with France and Britain, Moscow revealed that Ribbentrop would visit Stalin the next day. This happened while the Soviets were still negotiating with the British and French missions in Moscow. With the Western nations unwilling to accede to Soviet demands, Stalin instead entered a secret Nazi–Soviet pact. On 24 August a 10-year non-aggression pact was signed with provisions that included: consultation, arbitration if either party disagreed, neutrality if either went to war against a third power, no membership of a group \"which is directly or indirectly aimed at the other\".", "title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact" } ]

[ "Germany", "de", "GER" ]

[ { "answer": "Georgia", "id": 71715, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "dukes of hazzard took place in what state" }, { "answer": "10,310,371 (2016 est.)", "id": 50429, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "what is the population of the state of #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dukes of Hazzard is an American action - comedy television series that aired on CBS from January 26, 1979, to February 8, 1985. The show aired for a total of 147 episodes spanning seven seasons. The series was inspired by the 1975 film Moonrunners, which was also created by Gy Waldron and had many identical or similar character names and concepts.", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Later on, the States of Cao and Song became hostile towards each other. Duke Jing of Song captured Duke Dao of Cao in 515 BC and held him prisoner until his death. Thereafter, disorder broke out in Cao and Duke Dao's successors Duke Sheng of Cao and Duke Yin of Cao were killed one after another. Duke Fei of Cao became ruler and betrayed the State of Jin by invading the State of Song. As a result, Duke Jing of Song attacked Cao. No troops from the State of Jin came to the rescue such that the State of Cao was exterminated in 487 BC after the capture of Duke Fei of Cao.", "title": "Cao (state)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lucas K. ``Luke ''Duke was born on November 6, 1951, Luke is a fictional character in the American television series The Dukes of Hazzard which ran from 1979 to 1985. Luke was played by Tom Wopat.", "title": "Luke Duke" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dukes of Hazzard Genre Action / Adventure Family Comedy - drama Created by Gy Waldron and Jerry Rushing Starring Tom Wopat John Schneider Catherine Bach Denver Pyle Rick Hurst Sonny Shroyer Ben Jones James Best Sorrell Booke Waylon Jennings Byron Cherry Christopher Mayer Narrated by Waylon Jennings Opening theme ``Good Ol 'Boys ''performed by Waylon Jennings Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons 7 No. of episodes 147 (list of episodes) Production Camera setup Single - camera Running time 45 -- 49 minutes Production company (s) Paul R. Picard Productions and Piggy Productions, Inc. (season 1) Lou Step Productions (seasons 2 -- 7) Warner Bros. Television Distributor Warner Bros. Television Distribution Release Original network CBS Audio format Mono Original release January 26, 1979 (1979 - 01 - 26) -- February 8, 1985 (1985 - 02 - 08) Chronology Followed by The Dukes The Dukes of Hazzard: Reunion! The Dukes of Hazzard: Hazzard in Hollywood The Dukes of Hazzard (film) The Dukes of Hazzard: The Beginning Related shows Moonrunners (movie) Enos External links Website www.warnervideo.com/dukesofhazzarddvd/", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trollkins is a 1981 animated series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions that aired for one season on CBS. The show was inspired from \"The Dukes of Hazzard\" and \"The Smurfs\". Essentially a cross between \"The Smurfs\" (which incidentally premiered the same day, September 12, 1981, in the same time slot at 8:30 ET) and \"The Dukes of Hazzard\", it followed the (mis)adventures of Blitz, Pixlee, and Flooky.", "title": "Trollkins" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tisbury is a town located on Martha's Vineyard in Dukes County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 3,949 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Tisbury, Massachusetts" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Saxon feud was a confrontation between the East Frisian Count Edzard I and George, Duke of Saxony in the years 1514-1517. The war took place predominantly on East Frisian soil and destroyed large parts of the region.", "title": "Saxon feud" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Second Utrecht Civil War took place between 1481 and 1483. It was a war between factions of the population of the Bishopric of Utrecht, influenced by the ongoing Hook and Cod wars in Holland. It was also a battle for control over Utrecht between the Dukes of Burgundy in the person of ruling Bishop David of Burgundy, and the Duchy of Cleves who wanted to replace him by Engelbert of Cleves.", "title": "Second Utrecht Civil War" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Grandson, which took place on 2 March 1476, was part of the Burgundian Wars, and resulted in a major defeat for Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, at the hands of the Swiss.", "title": "Battle of Grandson" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Richard Schneider (born April 8, 1960) is an American actor and country music singer. He is best known for his portrayal of Beauregard ``Bo ''Duke in the American television action / comedy series The Dukes of Hazzard, (opposite Tom Wopat, Catherine Bach and James Best), Jonathan Kent in the 2001 -- 11 TV series Smallville (an adaptation of Superman), and James`` Jim'' Cryer on the television series The Haves and the Have Nots, created by Tyler Perry.", "title": "John Schneider (screen actor)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "An election for the Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives took place on January 3, 2017, during the opening day of the 115th United States Congress. The incumbent speaker, Paul Ryan, was re-elected. The election took place following the Republican Party's victory in the United States House of Representatives elections, 2016.", "title": "2017 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cousins Bo (Seann William Scott), Luke (Johnny Knoxville), and Daisy Duke (Jessica Simpson) run a moonshine business for their Uncle Jesse (Willie Nelson) in Hazzard County, Georgia. The cousins' primary mode of transportation is an orange 1969 Dodge Charger that the boys affectionately refer to as the ``General Lee ''. Along the way, the family is tormented by corrupt Hazzard County Commissioner Jefferson Davis Hogg, widely known as`` Boss Hogg'' (Burt Reynolds), and his willing but dimwitted henchman, Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane (M.C. Gainey).", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard (film)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Catherine Bach (born Catherine Bachman; March 1, 1954) is an American actress. She is known for playing Daisy Duke in the television series The Dukes of Hazzard and Margo Dutton in African Skies. In 2012, she joined the cast of the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless as Anita Lawson.", "title": "Catherine Bach" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard (Good Ol 'Boys) ''Single by Waylon Jennings from the album Music Man B - side`` It's Alright'' Released August 1980 Format 7 ''Recorded 1980 Genre Country Length 2: 06 Label RCA 12067 Songwriter (s) Waylon Jennings Producer (s) Richie Albright Waylon Jennings singles chronology ``Clyde'' (1980)`` Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard (Good Ol' Boys) ''(1980) ``Storms Never Last'' (1981)`` Clyde ''(1980) ``Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard (Good Ol 'Boys)'' (1980)`` Storms Never Last ''(duet with Jessi Colter) (1981)", "title": "Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard (Good Ol' Boys)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Dukes of Hazzard follows the adventures of ``The Duke Boys, ''cousins Bo Duke (John Schneider) and Luke Duke (Tom Wopat) (including Coy and Vance Duke for most of season 5), who live on a family farm in fictional Hazzard County, Georgia, with their attractive female cousin Daisy (Catherine Bach) and their wise old Uncle Jesse (Denver Pyle). The Duke boys race around in their customized 1969 Dodge Charger stock car, dubbed (The) General Lee, evading crooked and corrupt county commissioner Boss Hogg (Sorrell Booke) and his bumbling and corrupt Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane (James Best) along with his deputy (s), and always managing to get caught in the middle of the various escapades and incidents that often occur in the area. Bo and Luke had previously been sentenced to probation for illegal transportation of moonshine; their Uncle Jesse made a plea bargain with the U.S. Government to refrain from distilling moonshine in exchange for Bo and Luke's freedom. As a result, Bo and Luke are on probation and not allowed to carry firearms -- instead, they often use compound bows, sometimes with arrows tipped with dynamite -- or to leave Hazzard County unless they get probation permission from their probation officer, Boss Hogg, although the exact details of their probation terms vary from episode to episode. Sometimes it is implied that they would be jailed for merely crossing the county line; on other occasions, it is shown that they may leave Hazzard, as long as they are back within a certain time limit. Several other technicalities of their probation also came into play at various times.", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richhill Township is a township in Greene County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 896 at the 2010 census, down from 1,062 at the 2000 census. Ryerson Station State Park is a Pennsylvania state park on Duke Lake in the township.", "title": "Richhill Township, Greene County, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A general election was held on Sunday, 21 March 2004 for members of the 11th Parliament of Malaysia. Voting took place in all 219 parliamentary constituencies of Malaysia, each electing one Member of Parliament to the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament. State elections also took place in 505 state constituencies in 12 out of 13 states of Malaysia (except Sarawak) on the same day.", "title": "2004 Malaysian general election" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After retrieving the General Lee before Rosco can, the Dukes go to Atlanta to visit a local university geology lab, meeting up with Katie - Lynn Johnson (Nikki Griffin), a Hazzard county girl and the Dukes' love interest, and her Australian roommate Annette (Jacqui Maxwell). At the lab, they discover Boss Hogg's intentions of turning the county into a strip coalmine. They are later arrested by Atlanta Police after running from campus police. Back in Hazzard, Daisy learns, with the help of Sheriff Deputy Enos Strate (Michael Weston), that Billy Prickett has been hired by Boss Hogg to participate in the Rally as a ringer. Boss Hogg then heads to Atlanta where he informs the Duke boys, in lock - up, that they are too late to stop him and reveals that the vote on Hogg's proposition is at the same time as the rally, explaining Billy Prickett's involvement. During a transfer from detainment, Daisy helps the boys escape from the patrol car and they speed home to try to inform the townsfolk, escaping Atlanta Police, and the Georgia State Patrol after Bo out - maneuvers the city cops.", "title": "The Dukes of Hazzard (film)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "State of Georgia Flag Seal Nickname (s): Peach State, Empire State of the South Motto (s): Wisdom, Justice, Moderation State song (s): ``Georgia on My Mind ''Official language English Spoken languages English, Spanish (7.42%) Demonym Georgian Capital (and largest city) Atlanta Largest metro Atlanta metropolitan area Area Ranked 24th Total 59,425 sq mi (153,909 km) Width 230 miles (370 km) Length 298 miles (480 km)% water 2.6 Latitude 30.356 -- 34.985 ° N Longitude 80.840 -- 85.605 ° W Population Ranked 8th Total 10,310,371 (2016 est.) Density 165 / sq mi (65.4 / km) Ranked 18th Median household income $50,768 (39th) Elevation Highest point Brasstown Bald 4,784 ft (1,458 m) Mean 600 ft (180 m) Lowest point Atlantic Ocean Sea level Before statehood Province of Georgia Admission to Union January 2, 1788 (4th) Governor Nathan Deal (R) Lieutenant Governor Casey Cagle (R) Legislature Georgia General Assembly Upper house State Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Johnny Isakson (R) David Perdue (R) U.S. House delegation 10 Republicans, 4 Democrats (list) Time zone Eastern: UTC − 5 / − 4 ISO 3166 US - GA Abbreviations GA, Ga. Website www.georgia.gov", "title": "Georgia (U.S. state)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Denver Dell Pyle (May 11, 1920 -- December 25, 1997) was an American film and television actor. He was known for portraying Briscoe Darling, Jr. in several episodes of The Andy Griffith Show, and playing Jesse Duke in The Dukes of Hazzard from 1979 - 85.", "title": "Denver Pyle" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Paris.", "id": 176, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Where did Beyoncé get pregnant?" }, { "answer": "September 3, 1783", "id": 51164, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "when did the treaty of #1 get signed" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Beyoncé is believed to have first started a relationship with Jay Z after a collaboration on \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\", which appeared on his seventh album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse (2002). Beyoncé appeared as Jay Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, which would further fuel speculation of their relationship. On April 4, 2008, Beyoncé and Jay Z were married without publicity. As of April 2014, the couple have sold a combined 300 million records together. The couple are known for their private relationship, although they have appeared to become more relaxed in recent years. Beyoncé suffered a miscarriage in 2010 or 2011, describing it as \"the saddest thing\" she had ever endured. She returned to the studio and wrote music in order to cope with the loss. In April 2011, Beyoncé and Jay Z traveled to Paris in order to shoot the album cover for her 4, and unexpectedly became pregnant in Paris.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day was released on September 5, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday. It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyoncé's second consecutive number-one album in the United States. The album's lead single \"Déjà Vu\", featuring Jay Z, reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The second international single \"Irreplaceable\" was a commercial success worldwide, reaching number one in Australia, Hungary, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States. B'Day also produced three other singles; \"Ring the Alarm\", \"Get Me Bodied\", and \"Green Light\" (released in the United Kingdom only).", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Liz (voiced by Catherine Thompson in the CD ROM games) is the class pet Jackson's chameleon who goes on most of the field trips with Ms. Frizzle and the students, often getting herself into dangerous comedic situations. She appears to get jealous when the bus receives more attention than she does. In the episode ``Gets Ants In Its Pants '', she is visibly annoyed and disappointed when she does not get the recognition she deserves.", "title": "List of The Magic School Bus characters" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beyoncé names Michael Jackson as her major musical influence. Aged five, Beyoncé attended her first ever concert where Jackson performed and she claims to have realised her purpose. When she presented him with a tribute award at the World Music Awards in 2006, Beyoncé said, \"if it wasn't for Michael Jackson, I would never ever have performed.\" She admires Diana Ross as an \"all-around entertainer\" and Whitney Houston, who she said \"inspired me to get up there and do what she did.\" She credits Mariah Carey's singing and her song \"Vision of Love\" as influencing her to begin practicing vocal runs as a child. Her other musical influences include Aaliyah, Prince, Lauryn Hill, Sade Adu, Donna Summer, Mary J. Blige, Janet Jackson, Anita Baker and Rachelle Ferrell.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A Nice Girl Like Me is a 1969 British comedy film directed by Desmond Davis. The plot revolves around a girl who lives with her shrewd aunts, goes on a trip, gets pregnant, and must lie to her aunts that the baby is not hers.", "title": "A Nice Girl Like Me" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beyoncé participated in George Clooney and Wyclef Jean's Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief telethon and was named the official face of the limited edition CFDA \"Fashion For Haiti\" T-shirt, made by Theory which raised a total of $1 million. On March 5, 2010, Beyoncé and her mother Tina opened the Beyoncé Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House, offering a seven-month cosmetology training course for men and women. In April 2011, Beyoncé joined forces with US First Lady Michelle Obama and the National Association of Broadcasters Education Foundation, to help boost the latter's campaign against child obesity by reworking her single \"Get Me Bodied\". Following the death of Osama bin Laden, Beyoncé released her cover of the Lee Greenwood song \"God Bless the USA\", as a charity single to help raise funds for the New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 6 February 1840, Hobson and about forty Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands. Copies of the Treaty were subsequently taken around the country to be signed by other chiefs. A significant number refused to sign or were not asked but, in total, more than five hundred Māori eventually signed.", "title": "History of New Zealand" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Harry runs into trouble when his dog - like pet 'Pickles' (Bill Irwin) from the Solomon's home planet somehow makes it to Rutherford - in human form. Meanwhile, Sally pretends to be pregnant to get in with a group of expecting women, but Officer Don finds out and panics.", "title": "3rd Rock from the Sun (season 3)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Threesome (stylised as threesome) is a British television sitcom written by Tom MacRae and starring Stephen Wight, Amy Huberman and Emun Elliott. The series is focused around three friends—Alice, Mitch and Richie—who return home from a night out celebrating Alice's birthday and end up having a threesome, which results in Alice getting pregnant. Instead of getting an abortion, the three friends decide to raise the baby as a trio. The series began airing on 17 October 2011 on Comedy Central and Comedy Central HD. It is the first original scripted comedy commissioned by Comedy Central and is produced by Big Talk Productions.", "title": "Threesome (TV series)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the final season, set during the weekend of Barney and Robin's wedding, Lily learns of Marshall's new job, and they get into a huge fight. She storms out, but returns and reconciles with Marshall upon learning that she is pregnant. Marshall turns the job down, and agrees to go to Italy with her. A flash forward scene reveals that Lily gives birth to a girl, Daisy.", "title": "Lily Aldrin" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On March 30, 2015, it was announced that Beyoncé is a co-owner, with various other music artists, in the music streaming service Tidal. The service specialises in lossless audio and high definition music videos. Beyoncé's husband Jay Z acquired the parent company of Tidal, Aspiro, in the first quarter of 2015. Including Beyoncé and Jay-Z, sixteen artist stakeholders (such as Kanye West, Rihanna, Madonna, Chris Martin, Nicki Minaj and more) co-own Tidal, with the majority owning a 3% equity stake. The idea of having an all artist owned streaming service was created by those involved to adapt to the increased demand for streaming within the current music industry, and to rival other streaming services such as Spotify, which have been criticised for their low payout of royalties. \"The challenge is to get everyone to respect music again, to recognize its value\", stated Jay-Z on the release of Tidal.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Woody Lee (born April 1, 1968, in Garland, Texas) is an American country music singer and songwriter. Signed to Atlantic Records in 1995, he released his debut album \"Get Over It\" that year. It produced the double-sided single \"Get Over It\"/\"I Like the Sound of That.\" Before the release of his album, he co-wrote \"I See It Now\" for fellow labelmate Tracy Lawrence. He also wrote Shenandoah's 1995 single \"Always Have, Always Will\".", "title": "Woody Lee" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Nöteborg, also known as the \"Treaty of Oreshek\" (, Russian: \"Ореховецкий мир,\" ), is a conventional name for the peace treaty signed at Orekhovets (, ) on 12 August 1323. It was the first settlement between Sweden and the Novgorod Republic regulating their border. Three years later, Novgorod signed the Treaty of Novgorod with the Norwegians.", "title": "Treaty of Nöteborg" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the season eight premiere Angela is married to Robert and pregnant. She is pregnant with her first child but she has a step son with Robert. Angela wanted to name her son ``Philip ''after her cat, but Pam (who is pregnant with her 2nd child) wanted the name`` Philip'' after her grandfather. Angela tried browbeating Pamela into giving up the name rights -- in a deleted scene, she said Jim would n't take care of the name because ``he ca n't even get a decent haircut! ''-- and after Pam rebuffed her, threatened to take the name first by having a C - section done (even though she would only be six months' pregnant at the time). In the end, both children are named Philip.", "title": "Angela Martin" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beyoncé has worked with Pepsi since 2002, and in 2004 appeared in a Gladiator-themed commercial with Britney Spears, Pink, and Enrique Iglesias. In 2012, Beyoncé signed a $50 million deal to endorse Pepsi. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPINET) wrote Beyoncé an open letter asking her to reconsider the deal because of the unhealthiness of the product and to donate the proceeds to a medical organisation. Nevertheless, NetBase found that Beyoncé's campaign was the most talked about endorsement in April 2013, with a 70 per cent positive audience response to the commercial and print ads.", "title": "Beyoncé" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Throughout the sixth season, Marshall and Lily try to get pregnant. Their first attempts are unsuccessful, however, and they worry that they will not be able to conceive. In the season finale, Lily finally gets pregnant. At the end of the seventh season, she gives birth to a son, Marvin.", "title": "Lily Aldrin" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While working as a production assistant in Hollywood, Serena makes a mistake while trying to impress her new boss (guest star Michael Michele). Chuck and Nate arrive in Los Angeles to visit Serena where Nate gets involved with a shady older woman (guest star Elizabeth Hurley) and Chuck has a meeting of minds with actress / stuntwoman Zoë Bell (playing herself) as he struggles to get over Blair. Meanwhile, Blair and Louis return to New York from Monaco after spending the summer planning their wedding. Louis' problem in supporting Blair's difficult choices and nearly impossible demands threatens their relationship when she begins to see him as weak. Also, Dan gets help from Louis in a desperate attempt to prevent his book from being published in a local magazine. It is revealed in this episode that Dorota is pregnant and expecting her second child. Towards the end of the episode, it is also hinted that Blair is the one that is pregnant in which Dorota lied for her. As she is fitted for her wedding dress, the dress fitter says that by the time of her wedding she will be showing. Also, Serena runs into Charlie in Los Angeles still unaware of her real identity: Ivy Dickens, who has moved to California with her boyfriend, Max.", "title": "Gossip Girl (season 5)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In season three, Celina meets and falls in love with Max, who in turn becomes enamored with her. They later consummate their relationship, resulting in Celina getting pregnant. Max accepts it and says he will be a responsible father because he loves Celina. Only Celina's father accepts her pregnancy with Max and her mother disowns her.", "title": "List of Rebelde characters" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States of America on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War. The treaty set the boundaries between the British Empire in North America and the United States, on lines ``exceedingly generous ''to the latter. Details included fishing rights and restoration of property and prisoners of war.", "title": "Treaty of Paris (1783)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Immediate Family is a 1989 drama film directed by Jonathan Kaplan. It stars Glenn Close and James Woods as a married childless couple who want a baby. They decide to adopt from a pregnant teenage girl played by Mary Stuart Masterson who later gets second thoughts.", "title": "Immediate Family (film)" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Great Britain", "id": 62311, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "who was the us at war with during the american revolution" }, { "answer": "10 July -- 31 October 1940", "id": 62279, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "when did germany launch an air attack on #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1941 - 06 - 22 Nazi Germany Italy Romania Soviet Union A timed - declaration of war was given by Germany at the time of the attack Invasion", "title": "Declarations of war during World War II" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The North American Aviation AGM-28 Hound Dog was a supersonic, turbojet-propelled, air-launched cruise missile developed in 1959 for the United States Air Force. It was primarily designed to be capable of attacking Soviet ground-based air defense sites prior to a potential air attack by B-52 Stratofortress long range bombers during the Cold War. The Hound Dog was first given the designation B-77, then redesignated GAM-77, and finally as AGM-28. It was conceived as a temporary standoff missile for the B-52, to be used until the GAM-87 Skybolt air-launched ballistic missile was available. Instead, the Skybolt was cancelled within a few years and the Hound Dog continued to be deployed for a total of 15 years until its replacement by newer missiles, including the AGM-69 SRAM and then the AGM-86 ALCM.", "title": "AGM-28 Hound Dog" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bell received a KBE knighthood for his war-time activities on behalf of British War Relief. Following the war, he then played an active part, for a private citizen, in creating the New Europe. Bell returned to Germany as a legal adviser to Brigadier General William H. Draper. Jr., Head of the Economics Division, in General Lucius Clay's U.S. Military Government in Germany OMGUS. Draper's group brokered US interests in post-war German corporations. In 1945 and 1946, Bell \"stalked the corridors of Foggy Bottom\" in a \"one-man crusade against 1067\" a US rule that proposed a \"barbarous\" dismantling of Germany. As president of the Alumni Association of Harvard University in June 1947 Laird Bell organized the commencement speeches where Secretary of State George Marshall launched the European Recovery Plan. (General Omar Bradley was the main speaker that day).", "title": "Laird Bell" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Commander Willis Bradley Haviland, (10 March 1890 – 28 November 1944) was a pioneer military pilot in World War I and a Naval Air Station Commanding Officer in World War II. As the sixteenth American volunteer in the Lafayette Escadrille, he was among the first air combat pilots to fight the Germans in World War I, before the United States officially entered the war. He would later become the first pilot to launch a plane from a battleship.", "title": "Willis Bradley Haviland" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Offensive Counterair (OCA) is defined as \"offensive operations to destroy, disrupt, or neutralize enemy aircraft, missiles, launch platforms, and their supporting structures and systems both before and after launch, but as close to their source as possible\" (JP 1-02). OCA is the preferred method of countering air and missile threats, since it attempts to defeat the enemy closer to its source and typically enjoys the initiative. OCA comprises attack operations, sweep, escort, and suppression/destruction of enemy air defense.", "title": "United States Air Force" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "December 11, 1941, the United States Congress declared war upon Germany (Pub. L. 77 -- 331, Sess. 1, ch. 564, 55 Stat. 796), hours after Germany declared war on the United States after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The vote was 88 -- 0 in the Senate and 393 -- 0 in the House.", "title": "United States declaration of war upon Germany (1941)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Concord\" was a wooden-hulled, three-masted sloop-of-war of the United States Navy and was launched on 24 September 1828 from the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine. She was the first US Navy vessel to bear the name 'Concord' and was so named after the town of Concord for its role at the beginning of the American Revolution. When empty, the vessel displaced a total of 700 tons. The \"Concord\" had a complement of 190 officers and seamen with an armament of 20 guns and saw service protecting American merchant ships and other interests in several places around the world. The ship and her crew, who also functioned as Marines, fought in the Seminole Wars in Florida. \"Concord\" ran aground while on a patrolling mission along the African coast. Despite determined efforts from the crew, with three losing their lives in the process, the \"Concord\" was unable to be refloated. It was the first ship christened by a woman. Sloop-of-war \"Concord\", launched in 1827, was \"christened by a young lady of Portsmouth.\" This is the first known instance of a woman sponsoring a United States Navy vessel. Unfortunately, the contemporary account does not name this pioneer female sponsor (Ceremonial ship launching).", "title": "USS Concord (1828)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The American Revolutionary War (1775 -- 1783), also known as the American War of Independence, was an 18th - century war between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies (allied with France) which declared independence as the United States of America.", "title": "American Revolutionary War" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Taurus KEPD 350 is a German air-launched cruise missile, manufactured by Taurus Systems and used by Germany, Spain, and South Korea. Taurus Systems GmbH is a partnership between MBDA Deutschland GmbH (formerly LFK) and Saab Bofors Dynamics.", "title": "KEPD 350" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jet Attack (also known as Jet Alert and released in the UK as Through Hell to Glory) is a 1958 American aviation war film set in the Korean War, featuring United States Air Force (USAF) aircraft.", "title": "Jet Attack" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Museum of the American Revolution (formerly The American Revolution Center) is a Philadelphia museum dedicated to telling the story of the American Revolution. The museum was opened to the public on April 19, 2017, the anniversary of the first battle of the war, Lexington and Concord, on April 19, 1775.", "title": "Museum of the American Revolution" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as \"measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites.\" In some armies the term All-Arms Air Defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by non-specialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th century include GBAD (Ground Based AD) with related terms SHORAD (Short Range AD) and MANPADS (\"Man Portable AD Systems\": typically shoulder-launched missiles). Anti-aircraft missiles are variously called surface-to-air missile, abbreviated and pronounced \"SAM\" and Surface to Air Guided Weapon (SAGW).", "title": "Anti-aircraft warfare" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The relieved British began to assess the impact of the Blitz in August 1941, and the RAF Air Staff used the German experience to improve Bomber Command's offensives. They concluded bombers should strike a single target each night and use more incendiaries because they had a greater impact on production than high explosives. They also noted regional production was severely disrupted when city centres were devastated through the loss of administrative offices, utilities and transport. They believed the Luftwaffe had failed in precision attack, and concluded the German example of area attack using incendiaries was the way forward for operations over Germany.", "title": "The Blitz" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Daube (8 February 1909, Freiburg, Germany – 24 February 1999, Berkeley, California) was the twentieth century's preeminent scholar of ancient law. He combined a familiarity with many legal systems, particularly Roman law and biblical law, with an expertise in Greek, Roman, Jewish, and Christian literature, and used literary, religious, and legal texts to illuminate each other and, among other things, to \"transform the position of Roman law\" and to launch a \"revolution\" or \"near revolution\" in New Testament studies.", "title": "David Daube" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The FGM-148 Javelin is an American man-portable fire-and-forget anti-tank missile fielded to replace the M47 Dragon anti-tank missile in US service. It uses an automatic infrared guidance that allows the user to seek cover immediately after launch, as opposed to wired-guided systems, like the Dragon, where the user has to actively guide the weapon throughout the engagement. The Javelin's HEAT warhead is capable of defeating modern tanks by attacking them from above where their armor is thinnest (see top-attack), and is also useful against fortifications in a direct attack flight.", "title": "FGM-148 Javelin" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Triple Alliance was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria - Hungary, and Italy. It was formed on 20 May 1882 and renewed periodically until it expired in 1915 during World War I. Germany and Austria - Hungary had been closely allied since 1879. Italy sought support against France shortly after it lost North African ambitions to the French. Each member promised mutual support in the event of an attack by any other great power. The treaty provided that Germany and Austria - Hungary were to assist Italy if it was attacked by France without provocation. In turn, Italy would assist Germany if attacked by France. In the event of a war between Austria - Hungary and Russia, Italy promised to remain neutral.", "title": "Triple Alliance (1882)" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Bulge (16 December 1944 -- 25 January 1945) was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II. It was launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in eastern Belgium, northeast France, and Luxembourg, towards the end of World War II. The surprise attack caught the Allied forces completely off guard. American forces bore the brunt of the attack and incurred their highest casualties of any operation during the war. The battle also severely depleted Germany's armored forces, and they were largely unable to replace them. German personnel and, later, Luftwaffe aircraft (in the concluding stages of the engagement) also sustained heavy losses.", "title": "Battle of the Bulge" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Battle of Britain Part of the Second World War An Observer Corps spotter scans the skies of London. Date 10 July -- 31 October 1940 (3 months and 3 weeks) Location British airspace Result British victory Belligerents United Kingdom Canada Germany Italy Commanders and leaders Hugh Dowding Keith Park T. Leigh - Mallory Quintin Brand Richard Saul L. Samuel Breadner Zdzisław Krasnodębski Hermann Göring Albert Kesselring Hugo Sperrle Hans - Jürgen Stumpff R.C. Fougier Units involved Royal Air Force Royal Canadian Air Force Foreign pilots from (show) Poland New Zealand Czechoslovakia Belgium Australia South Africa France Ireland United States Southern Rhodesia Jamaica Barbados Newfoundland Northern Rhodesia Luftwaffe Corpo Aereo Italiano Strength 1,963 serviceable aircraft 2,550 serviceable aircraft. Casualties and losses 1,542 aircrew killed 422 aircrew wounded 1,744 aircraft destroyed 2,585 aircrew killed and missing, 925 captured, 735 wounded 1,977 aircraft destroyed, 1,634 in combat and 343 non-combat Around 90,000 civilian casualties, 40,000 of them fatal.", "title": "Battle of Britain" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Space Launch Complex 8 (SLC-8), is a launch pad at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, United States. It is used by Minotaur rockets. It was originally part of the California Spaceport, and was known as the Commercial Launch Facility (CLF) or Space Launch Facility (SLF).", "title": "Vandenberg AFB Space Launch Complex 8" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some nations started rocket research before World War II, including for anti-aircraft use. Further research started during the war. The first step was unguided missile systems like the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch, which was fired in large numbers from Z batteries, and were also fitted to warships. The firing of one of these devices during an air raid is suspected to have caused the Bethnal Green disaster in 1943. Facing the threat of Japanese Kamikaze attacks the British and US developed surface-to-air rockets like British Stooge or the American Lark as counter measures, but none of them were ready at the end of the war. The Germans missile research was the most advanced of the war as the Germans put considerable effort in the research and development of rocket systems for all purposes. Among them were several guided and unguided systems. Unguided systems involved the Fliegerfaust (literally \"aircraft fist\") as the first MANPADS. Guided systems were several sophisticated radio, wire, or radar guided missiles like the Wasserfall (\"waterfall\") rocket. Due to the severe war situation for Germany all of those systems were only produced in small numbers and most of them were only used by training or trial units.", "title": "Anti-aircraft warfare" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "New Hampshire", "id": 131275, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Which state is Christian Science Pleasant View Home located?" }, { "answer": "Hillary Clinton", "id": 72870, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "who did #1 vote for in 2016" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United States presidential election in Colorado, 2016 ← 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 → Turnout 72.9% Nominee Hillary Clinton Donald Trump Gary Johnson Party Democratic Republican Libertarian Home state New York New York New Mexico Running mate Tim Kaine Mike Pence William Weld Electoral vote 9 0 0 Popular vote 1,338,870 1,202,484 144,121 Percentage 48.2% 43.3% 5.2% County Results Clinton 40 - 50% 50 - 60% 60 - 70% 70 - 80% Trump 40 - 50% 50 - 60% 60 - 70% 70 - 80% 80 - 90% Results by county showing number of votes by size and candidates by color President before election Barack Obama Democratic Elected President Donald Trump Republican", "title": "2016 United States presidential election in Colorado" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Today, with a long cultural tradition and strong support from local educational institutions, Nanjing is commonly viewed as a “city of culture” and one of the more pleasant cities to live in China.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pleasant Hill is an unincorporated community in Nevada County, Arkansas, United States. Pleasant Hill is located on Arkansas Highway 19, north-northwest of Prescott.", "title": "Pleasant Hill, Nevada County, Arkansas" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Vandergrift-Pleasant View was a census-designated place (CDP) in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,355 at the 2000 census. For the 2010 census, the area was split into two CDPs, North Vandergrift and Pleasant View.", "title": "North Vandergrift-Pleasant View, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jerry and Pleasant View are two adjacent unincorporated communities in Tyrrell County, North Carolina, United States; Jerry lies southeast of Pleasant View. Both communities lie at an elevation of 3 feet (1 m). Jerry is located at (35.8821078, -76.2268719), while Pleasant View is located at (35.8893301, -76.2327058).", "title": "Jerry and Pleasant View, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pleasant Hill is an unincorporated community in Saline County, Arkansas, United States. Pleasant Hill is north of Benton. The Pleasant Hill Methodist Church, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in Pleasant Hill. Pleasant Hill was established before the Civil War as an agricultural community. The church has historically served as a community center and hosts a community reunion on the third Sunday of July each year.", "title": "Pleasant Hill, Saline County, Arkansas" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The 2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire was won by Hillary Clinton by a 0.3 percentage point margin, on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 General Election. New Hampshire voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College by a popular vote.", "title": "2016 United States presidential election in New Hampshire" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Town of Mountain View is a home rule municipality located in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. Mountain View is situated west of, and adjacent to, the city and county of Denver. As of the 2010 census, the population of Mountain View was 507. The Denver Post Office (ZIP Code 80212) serves Mountain View.", "title": "Mountain View, Colorado" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Christian Science Pleasant View Home is a historic senior citizen residential facility located at 227 Pleasant Street in Concord, New Hampshire, in the United States, It was built in 1927 by the Christian Science Board of Directors as a retirement home for aged Christian Science practitioners and other workers in the cause of Christian Science and occupies the site of \"Pleasant View\", Mary Baker Eddy's last home before moving to Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, in 1908. It is now Pleasant View Retirement, a senior independent living facility. On September 19, 1984, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.", "title": "Christian Science Pleasant View Home" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United States presidential election, 2016 ← 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 → 538 members of the Electoral College 270 electoral votes needed to win Turnout 55.7% 0.8 pp Nominee Donald Trump Hillary Clinton Party Republican Democratic Home state New York New York Running mate Mike Pence Tim Kaine Electoral vote 304 227 States carried 30 + ME - 02 20 + DC Popular vote 62,984,825 65,853,516 Percentage 7001461000000000000 ♠ 46.1% 7001482000000000000 ♠ 48.2% Presidential election results map. Red denotes states won by Trump / Pence, blue denotes those won by Clinton / Kaine. Numbers indicate electoral votes allotted to the winner of each state. Faithless votes: Colin Powell 3 (WA), John Kasich 1 (TX), Ron Paul 1 (TX), Bernie Sanders 1 (HI), Faith Spotted Eagle 1 (WA) President before election Barack Obama Democratic Elected President Donald Trump Republican", "title": "2016 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McClimansville is an unincorporated community in Pleasant Township, Madison County, Ohio, United States. It is located at , at the intersection of Ohio State Route 323 and Ohio State Route 56, just north of Mount Sterling.", "title": "McClimansville, Ohio" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Point Pleasant Borough High School is a four-year comprehensive community public high school located on Laura Herbert Drive in Point Pleasant in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. The school serves students in ninth through twelfth grades, operating as the lone secondary school of the Point Pleasant School District. The mascot is the panther, and the school colors are black and gold.", "title": "Point Pleasant Borough High School" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pleasant View is a neighbourhood in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada that is located in the district of North York at the northern end of the city. It is bordered by Victoria Park to the East, Sheppard Avenue to the South, Highway 404 to the west and the Finch hydro corridor to the north (north of Finch Avenue). The neighbourhood is home to several high-rise apartment and condominium buildings, such as The Clippers.", "title": "Pleasant View, Toronto" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pleasant Lake is an unincorporated community in Jackson County, Michigan, United States. Pleasant Lake is located in Henrietta Township just south of the lake itself. Pleasant Lake has a post office with ZIP code 49272. In addition to the post office there is a party store, a gas station, and Christ Episcopal Church.", "title": "Pleasant Lake, Michigan" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "West Pleasant View is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,840 at the 2010 census.", "title": "West Pleasant View, Colorado" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2016 United States presidential election in Texas was won by Republican Donald Trump and his running mate Mike Pence by an 8.99% margin over Democrats Hillary Clinton and Tim Kaine, part of the November 8, 2016 General Election. Texas assigns its 38 Electoral College votes to the state's popular vote winner, but two faithless electors chose other candidates, making Texas the only state in 2016 to give Trump less than the assigned electoral votes.", "title": "2016 United States presidential election in Texas" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pleasant Grove is an unincorporated community in Woodruff County, Arkansas, United States. Pleasant Grove is located on Arkansas Highway 33, west of Tupelo.", "title": "Pleasant Grove, Woodruff County, Arkansas" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The two finalists were Kris Allen and Adam Lambert, both of whom had previously landed in the bottom three at the top five. Allen won the contest in the most controversial voting result since season two. It was claimed, later retracted, that 38 million of the 100 million votes cast on the night came from Allen's home state of Arkansas alone, and that AT&T employees unfairly influenced the votes by giving lessons on power-texting at viewing parties in Arkansas.", "title": "American Idol" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Highland View Academy is a private co-educational secondary boarding school located in Hagerstown, Maryland in the United States, and run by the Seventh-day Adventist Church. It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system. It is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools", "title": "Highland View Academy" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carson was the featured speaker at the 1997 National Prayer Breakfast. His widely publicized speech at the 2013 National Prayer Breakfast catapulted him to conservative fame for his views on social and political issues. On May 4, 2015, he announced he was running for the Republican nomination in the 2016 presidential election at a rally in his hometown of Detroit. In March 2016, following the Super Tuesday primaries, he suspended his campaign and announced he would be the new national chairman of My Faith Votes, a group that encourages Christians to exercise their civic duty to vote. He then endorsed the candidacy of Donald Trump.", "title": "Ben Carson" } ]

[ "Clinton", "Hillary" ]

[ { "answer": "Islam", "id": 68981, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "what is the most common religion in southeast asia" }, { "answer": "Hephthalite Empire,", "id": 39234, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "What empire brought #1 practices with them?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Interim Constitution provides for freedom of religion and permits the practice of all religious groups; however, there are some restrictions. The Interim Parliament declared the country a secular state in the Interim Constitution in January 2007. The previous constitution described the country as a ``Hindu Kingdom, ''although it did not establish Hinduism as the state religion. Article 23 of the Interim Constitution protects the rights of all religious groups by guaranteeing the individual the right`` to profess and practice his / her own religion as handed down to him / her from ancient times having due regard to traditional practices.'' It also states ``no person shall be entitled to convert another person from one religion to another and shall not take actions or behave in a way that would create disturbance in another's religion. ''", "title": "Freedom of religion in Nepal" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1517, Jerusalem was taken over by the Ottoman Empire and enjoyed a period of renewal and peace under Suleiman the Magnificent, including the construction of the walls of what is now known as the Old City of Jerusalem (although some foundations were remains of genuine antique walls). The rule of Suleiman and subsequent Ottoman Sultans brought an age of ``religious peace ''; Jew, Christian and Muslim enjoyed freedom of religion and it was possible to find a synagogue, a church and a mosque on the same street. The city remained open to all religions, although the empire's faulty management after Suleiman the Magnificent meant economical stagnation.", "title": "History of Jerusalem" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It has been pointed out that Khmer and Indonesian classical arts were concerned with depicting the life of the gods, but to the Southeast Asian mind the life of the gods was the life of the peoples themselves—joyous, earthy, yet divine. The Tai, coming late into Southeast Asia, brought with them some Chinese artistic traditions, but they soon shed them in favour of the Khmer and Mon traditions, and the only indications of their earlier contact with Chinese arts were in the style of their temples, especially the tapering roof, and in their lacquerware.", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (\"The School of the Elders\") and Mahayana (\"The Great Vehicle\"). Vajrayana, a body of teachings attributed to Indian siddhas, may be viewed as a third branch or merely a part of Mahayana. Theravada has a widespread following in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. Mahayana which includes the traditions of Pure Land, Zen, Nichiren Buddhism, Shingon, and Tiantai (Tendai) is found throughout East Asia. Tibetan Buddhism, which preserves the Vajrayana teachings of eighth century India, is practiced in regions surrounding the Himalayas, Mongolia and Kalmykia. Buddhists number between an estimated 488 million[web 1] and 535 million, making it one of the world's major religions.", "title": "Buddhism" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of Buddhism spans from the 5th century BCE to the present. Buddhism arose in the eastern part of Ancient India, in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha (now in Bihar, India), and is based on the teachings of Siddhārtha Gautama. This makes it one of the oldest religions practiced today. The religion evolved as it spread from the northeastern region of the Indian subcontinent through Central, East, and Southeast Asia. At one time or another, it influenced most of the Asian continent. The history of Buddhism is also characterized by the development of numerous movements, schisms, and schools, among them the Theravāda, Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna traditions, with contrasting periods of expansion and retreat.", "title": "History of Buddhism" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Religions and peoples are diverse in Southeast Asia and not one country is homogeneous. In the world's most populous Muslim nation, Indonesia, Hinduism is dominant on islands such as Bali. Christianity also predominates in the rest of the part of the Philippines, New Guinea and Timor. Pockets of Hindu population can also be found around Southeast Asia in Singapore, Malaysia etc. Garuda (Sanskrit: Garuḍa), the phoenix who is the mount (vahanam) of Vishnu, is a national symbol in both Thailand and Indonesia; in the Philippines, gold images of Garuda have been found on Palawan; gold images of other Hindu gods and goddesses have also been found on Mindanao. Balinese Hinduism is somewhat different from Hinduism practised elsewhere, as Animism and local culture is incorporated into it. Christians can also be found throughout Southeast Asia; they are in the majority in East Timor and the Philippines, Asia's largest Christian nation. In addition, there are also older tribal religious practices in remote areas of Sarawak in East Malaysia,Highland Philippines and Papua in eastern Indonesia. In Burma, Sakka (Indra) is revered as a nat. In Vietnam, Mahayana Buddhism is practised, which is influenced by native animism but with strong emphasis on Ancestor Worship.", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The arts of Southeast Asia have affinity with the arts of other areas. Dance in much of Southeast Asia includes movement of the hands as well as the feet, to express the dance's emotion and meaning of the story that the ballerina is going to tell the audience. Most of Southeast Asia introduced dance into their court; in particular, Cambodian royal ballet represented them in the early 7th century before the Khmer Empire, which was highly influenced by Indian Hinduism. Apsara Dance, famous for strong hand and feet movement, is a great example of Hindu symbolic dance.", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Southeast Asia has an area of approximately 4,000,000 km2 (1.6 million square miles). As of 2013, Around 625 million people lived in the region, more than a fifth of them (143 million) on the Indonesian island of Java, the most densely populated large island in the world. Indonesia is the most populous country with 255 million people as of 2015, and also the 4th most populous country in the world. The distribution of the religions and people is diverse in Southeast Asia and varies by country. Some 30 million overseas Chinese also live in Southeast Asia, most prominently in Christmas Island, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, and also, as the Hoa, in Vietnam.", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The art of carpet weaving was particularly significant in the Ottoman Empire, carpets having an immense importance both as decorative furnishings, rich in religious and other symbolism, and as a practical consideration, as it was customary to remove one's shoes in living quarters. The weaving of such carpets originated in the nomadic cultures of central Asia (carpets being an easily transportable form of furnishing), and was eventually spread to the settled societies of Anatolia. Turks used carpets, rugs and kilims not just on the floors of a room, but also as a hanging on walls and doorways, where they provided additional insulation. They were also commonly donated to mosques, which often amassed large collections of them.", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Puppetry and shadow plays were also a favoured form of entertainment in past centuries, a famous one being Wayang from Indonesia. The arts and literature in some of Southeast Asia is quite influenced by Hinduism, which was brought to them centuries ago. Indonesia, despite conversion to Islam which opposes certain forms of art, has retained many forms of Hindu-influenced practices, culture, art and literature. An example is the Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppet) and literature like the Ramayana. The wayang kulit show has been recognized by UNESCO on November 7, 2003, as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most of the subcontinent was conquered by the Maurya Empire during the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. From the 3rd century BC onwards Prakrit and Pali literature in the north and the Sangam literature in southern India started to flourish. Wootz steel originated in south India in the 3rd century BC and was exported to foreign countries. Various parts of India were ruled by numerous dynasties for the next 1,500 years, among which the Gupta Empire stands out. This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, is known as the classical or \"Golden Age of India\". During this period, aspects of Indian civilization, administration, culture, and religion (Hinduism and Buddhism) spread to much of Asia, while kingdoms in southern India had maritime business links with the Roman Empire from around 77 CE. Indian cultural influence spread over many parts of Southeast Asia which led to the establishment of Indianized kingdoms in Southeast Asia (Greater India).", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the 16th and 17th centuries, in particular at the height of its power under the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire was a multinational, multilingual empire controlling much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, the Caucasus, North Africa, and the Horn of Africa. At the beginning of the 17th century the empire contained 32 provinces and numerous vassal states. Some of these were later absorbed into the Ottoman Empire, while others were granted various types of autonomy during the course of centuries.[dn 4]", "title": "Ottoman Empire" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Military settlement within the empire and at its borders broadened the context of Romanitas. Rome's citizen-soldiers set up altars to multiple deities, including their traditional gods, the Imperial genius and local deities – sometimes with the usefully open-ended dedication to the diis deabusque omnibus (all the gods and goddesses). They also brought Roman \"domestic\" deities and cult practices with them. By the same token, the later granting of citizenship to provincials and their conscription into the legions brought their new cults into the Roman military.", "title": "Religion in ancient Rome" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Medieval Cholas rose to prominence during the middle of the 9th century C.E. and established the greatest empire South India had seen. They successfully united the South India under their rule and through their naval strength extended their influence in the Southeast Asian countries such as Srivijaya. Under Rajaraja Chola I and his successors Rajendra Chola I, Rajadhiraja Chola, Virarajendra Chola and Kulothunga Chola I the dynasty became a military, economic and cultural power in South Asia and South-East Asia. Rajendra Chola I's navies went even further, occupying the sea coasts from Burma to Vietnam, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Lakshadweep (Laccadive) islands, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia and the Pegu islands. The power of the new empire was proclaimed to the eastern world by the expedition to the Ganges which Rajendra Chola I undertook and by the occupation of cities of the maritime empire of Srivijaya in Southeast Asia, as well as by the repeated embassies to China. They dominated the political affairs of Sri Lanka for over two centuries through repeated invasions and occupation. They also had continuing trade contacts with the Arabs in the west and with the Chinese empire in the east. Rajaraja Chola I and his equally distinguished son Rajendra Chola I gave political unity to the whole of Southern India and established the Chola Empire as a respected sea power. Under the Cholas, the South India reached new heights of excellence in art, religion and literature. In all of these spheres, the Chola period marked the culmination of movements that had begun in an earlier age under the Pallavas. Monumental architecture in the form of majestic temples and sculpture in stone and bronze reached a finesse never before achieved in India.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The end of World War II in Asia occurred on 14 and 15 August 1945, when armed forces of the Empire of Japan surrendered to the forces of the Allies. The surrender came over three months after the surrender of the Axis forces in Europe and brought an end to World War II.", "title": "End of World War II in Asia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The common law -- so named because it was ``common ''to all the king's courts across England -- originated in the practices of the courts of the English kings in the centuries following the Norman Conquest in 1066. The British Empire spread its legal system to its historical colonies, many of which retain the common law system today. These`` common law systems'' are legal systems that give great precedential weight to common law, and to the style of reasoning inherited from the English legal system.", "title": "Common law" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, moved into the region and Arabs brought Islam in the early eighth century. Central Asia continued in its role as a commercial crossroads, linking China, the steppes to the north, and the Islamic heartland.", "title": "Tajikistan" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Country Population Christian Islam Irreligion Hindu Buddhist Folk religion Other religion Jewish Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Brunei 400,000 37,600 9.40 300,400 75.10 1,600 0.40 1,200 0.30 34,400 8.60 24,800 6.20 400 0.10 0 0.00 Burma 47,960,000 3,740,880 7.80 1,918,400 4.00 239,800 0.50 815,320 1.70 38,415,960 80.10 2,781,680 5.80 95,920 0.20 0 0.00 Cambodia 14,140,000 56,560 0.40 282,800 2.00 28,280 0.20 0 0.00 13,701,660 96.90 84,840 0.60 0 0.00 0 0.00 Indonesia 239,870,000 23,747,130 9.90 209,166,640 87.20 240,000 0.10 4,077,790 1.70 1,679,090 0.70 719,610 0.30 239,870 0.10 0 0.00 Laos 6,200,000 93,000 1.50 0 0.00 55,800 0.90 0 0.00 4,092,000 66.00 1,903,400 30.70 43,400 0.70 0 0.00 Malaysia 28,400,000 2,669,600 9.40 18,090,800 63.70 198,800 0.70 1,704,000 6.00 5,026,800 17.70 653,200 2.30 56,800 0.20 0 0.00 Philippines 105,000,000 89,000,000 85.00 5,127,000 5.50 7,350,000 7.00 10,000 0.00 1,758,000 1.50 1,398,900 1.50 93,260 0.10 28,473 0.03 Singapore 5,090,000 926,380 18.20 727,870 14.30 834,760 16.40 264,680 5.20 1,725,510 33.90 117,070 2.30 493,730 9.70 0 0.00 Thailand 69,120,000 622,080 0.90 3,801,600 5.50 207,360 0.30 69,120 0.10 64,419,840 93.20 60,000 0.09 0 0.00 0 0.00 Timor - Leste 1,120,000 1,115,520 99.60 1,120 0.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1,120 0.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 Vietnam 94,700,000 7,765,400 8.20 175,700 0.20 28,031,200 29.60 151,200 0.16 15,530,800 16.40 42,899,100 45.30 351,400 0.40 0 0.00 Total 593,410,000 116,571,210 21.33 245,594,630 40.38 31,903,260 4.70 6,932,110 1.17 143,582,660 24.20 47,540,670 8.01 1,374,780 0.23 28,437 0.00", "title": "Religion in Asia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Islam is the most widely practised religion in Southeast Asia, numbering approximately 240 million adherents which translate to about 40% of the entire population, with majorities in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia and in Southern Philippines with Indonesia as the largest and most populated Muslim country around the world. Countries in Southeast Asia practice many different religions. Buddhism is predominant in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Vietnam and Singapore. Ancestor worship and Confucianism are also widely practised in Vietnam and Singapore. Christianity is predominant in the Philippines, eastern Indonesia, East Malaysia and East Timor. The Philippines has the largest Roman Catholic population in Asia. East Timor is also predominantly Roman Catholic due to a history of Portuguese rule.", "title": "Southeast Asia" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Islam in Central Asia has existed since the beginning of Islamic history. Islam is the most widely practiced religion in Central Asia. The Hanafi school of thought of Sunnism is the most popular, with Shiism of Imami and Ismaili denominations predominating in the Pamir plateau and the western Tian Shan mountains (almost exclusively Ismailis), while boasting to a large minority population in the Zarafshan river valley, from Samarkand to Bukhara (almost exclusively Imamis). Islam came to Central Asia in the early part of the 8th century as part of the Muslim conquest of the region. Many well-known Islamic scientists and philosophers came from Central Asia, and several major Muslim empires, including the Timurid Empire and the Mughal Empire, originated in Central Asia. In the 20th century, severe restrictions on religious practice were enacted by the Soviet Union in Soviet Central Asia and the People's Republic of China in Xinjiang. Concerns about Islamic radicalism and religious freedom in the region persist to this day.", "title": "Islam in Central Asia" } ]

[ "Hephthalite Empire", "Ephthalite Empire" ]

[ { "answer": "American League", "id": 43283, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "who wins the all star game more often" }, { "answer": "New York Yankees", "id": 86694, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "who has the most wins in the #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Win with the Stars is an American game show that ran in syndication from 1968-1969. The host was Allen Ludden, and the series was sponsored by local supermarkets.", "title": "Win with the Stars" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "J-League Jikkyō Winning Eleven 2001 is a sports video game developed by Konami for the PlayStation exclusively in Japan on June 2001. It is an addition to the Winning Eleven J-League series, and the successor to the J-League Winning Eleven 2000. The game only features club teams (no national teams) and teams from both tiers of the J. League totalling 28 teams. The game also features seven foreign teams from the European football leagues.The game uses the ISS Pro Evolution 2 engine.", "title": "J.League Jikkyō Winning Eleven 2001" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Three points for a win is a standard used in many sports leagues and group tournaments, especially in association football, in which three (rather than two) points are awarded to the team winning a match, with no points awarded to the losing team. If the game is drawn, each team receives one point. The system places additional value on wins compared to draws such that teams with a higher number of wins may rank higher in tables than teams with a lower number of wins but more draws.", "title": "Three points for a win" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Most wins in a season (38 games): 30, Chelsea (2016 -- 17) Fewest wins in a season (38 games): 1, Derby County (2007 -- 08) Fewest home wins in a season (19 games): 1, joint record: Sunderland (2005 -- 06) Derby County (2007 -- 08) Most home wins in a season (19 games): 18, joint record: Chelsea (2005 -- 06) Manchester United (2010 -- 11) Manchester City (2011 -- 12) Most away wins in a season (19 games): 15, Chelsea (2004 -- 05) Fewest away wins in a season (19 / 21 games): 0, joint record: Leeds United (1992 -- 93) Coventry City (1999 -- 2000) Wolverhampton Wanderers (2003 -- 04) Norwich City (2004 -- 05) Derby County (2007 -- 08) Hull City (2009 -- 10) Most consecutive wins: 14, Arsenal (between 10 February 2002 and 24 August 2002) Most consecutive wins in a season (38 games): 13, joint record: Arsenal (2001 -- 02) Chelsea (2016 -- 17) Most consecutive games without a win: 32, Derby County (2007 -- 08) Most consecutive games without a win from beginning of season: 16, Queens Park Rangers (between 18 August 2012 and 8 December 2012) Most consecutive home wins: 20, Manchester City (between 5 March 2011 and 21 March 2012) Most consecutive away wins: 11, Chelsea (between 6 April 2008 and 7 December 2008)", "title": "Premier League records and statistics" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ali competed in the 100m, 200m and 400m in the 2000 and 2004 Summer Paralympics. Although he did not win any medals in the 2000 games he did win the bronze medal in the T37 400m in 2004.", "title": "Ali Al Ansari" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For much of the 20th century, the game was played every year in Birmingham at Legion Field, with Alabama winning 34 games and Auburn 19. Four games were played in Montgomery, Alabama, with each team winning two. Since 2000, the games have been played at Jordan -- Hare Stadium in Auburn every odd - numbered year and at Bryant -- Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa every even - numbered year. Auburn has a 9 -- 5 record in games played at Jordan -- Hare Stadium and a 7 -- 4 record in games played in Tuscaloosa, with 5 of those wins coming at Bryant - Denny.", "title": "Iron Bowl" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 -- 18 season was the most successful season since 2011 -- 12 as the team finished the regular season in third place in the Eastern Conference with a 52 -- 30 winning record and clinched a playoff spot. The season also saw the 76ers reaching a franchise record 16 - game winning streak. In the First Round of the playoffs, the Sixers defeated the Miami Heat, 4 games to 1, to win their first playoff series since the 2011 -- 12 season.", "title": "Philadelphia 76ers" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Eighty - nine Major League Baseball All - Star Games have been played since the inaugural one in 1933. The American League (AL) leads the series with 44 victories; two games ended in ties. The National League (NL) has the longest winning streak of 11 games from 1972 -- 1982; the AL held a 13 - game unbeaten streak from 1997 -- 2009 (including a tie in 2002). The AL previously dominated from 1933 to 1949, winning 12 of the first 16. The NL dominated from 1950 to 1987, winning 33 of 42 with 1 tie, including a stretch from 1963 to 1982 when they won 19 of 20. Since 1988 the AL has dominated, winning 24 of 31 with one tie. In 2018 the AL took their first lead in the series since 1963.", "title": "List of Major League Baseball All-Star Games" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "American League (AL) teams have won 65 of the 113 World Series played (57.5%). The New York Yankees have won 27 titles, accounting for 23.9% of all series played and 41.5% of the wins by American League teams. The St. Louis Cardinals have won 11 World Series, accounting for 9.7% of all series played and 23% of the 48 National League victories.", "title": "World Series" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The tournament was won by Brazil, which defeated another two - time former champion, Italy, 4 -- 1 in the final in Mexico City. The win gave Brazil its third World Cup title, which allowed them to permanently keep the Jules Rimet Trophy, and a new trophy was introduced in 1974. The victorious team, led by Carlos Alberto and featuring players such as Pelé, Gérson, Jairzinho, Rivellino, and Tostão, is often cited as the greatest - ever World Cup team. They achieved a perfect record of wins in all six games in the finals, as well as winning all their qualifying fixtures.", "title": "1970 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pro Evolution Soccer 2 (also known as World Soccer: Winning Eleven 6 and World Soccer: Winning Eleven 2002 in Japan, and World Soccer: Winning Eleven 6 International in North America) is the second installment of Konami's Pro Evolution Soccer football video game series. The Japanese version was succeeded by an updated and improved version called World Soccer: Winning Eleven 6 Final Evolution.", "title": "Pro Evolution Soccer 2" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "They began the season on April 4, 2016 at the Los Angeles Angels and finished the regular season on October 2, 2016 at the Cincinnati Reds. The Cubs finished with the best record in Major League Baseball and won their first National League Central title since the 2008 season, winning by 171⁄2 games. The team also reached the 100 - win mark for the first time since 1935 and won 103 total games, the most wins for the franchise since 1910.", "title": "2016 Chicago Cubs season" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The longest winning streak in Major League Baseball that does not include a tie is 22 games, achieved by the Cleveland Indians in 2017, which is also the longest winning streak in the American League. The National League record for consecutive wins without a tie is 21 games, by the 1935 Chicago Cubs.", "title": "Winning streak" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Goal Storm (known as World Soccer: Winning Eleven in Japan) is a football video game developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo. It was released for the Sony PlayStation game console in 1995 in North America and in 1996 in other regions. The cover is the same with J-League Jikkyou Winning Eleven, with different colours.", "title": "Goal Storm" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Constant-sum games correspond to activities like theft and gambling, but not to the fundamental economic situation in which there are potential gains from trade. It is possible to transform any game into a (possibly asymmetric) zero-sum game by adding a dummy player (often called \"the board\") whose losses compensate the players' net winnings.", "title": "Game theory" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ri was the first North Korean ever to win a gold medal on vault at the Asian Games, where he performed solidly at the 2006 Asian Games and was the first one for North Korea on that apparatus. He later went on to win a bronze medal on vault at the 2007 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships.", "title": "Ri Se-gwang" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Concentration is an American television game show based on the children's memory game of the same name. Matching cards represented prizes that contestants could win. As matching pairs of cards were gradually removed from the board, it would slowly reveal elements of a rebus puzzle that contestants had to solve to win a match.", "title": "Concentration (game show)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dominica first competed at the Olympic Games in 1996, and has participated in each Games since then. Dominica has yet to win any medals at the Olympic Games.", "title": "Dominica at the Olympics" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2016 Major League Baseball All - Star Game was the 87th edition of the Major League Baseball All - Star Game. The game was hosted by the San Diego Padres and was played at Petco Park on July 12, 2016. It was televised nationally on Fox. The American League All - Stars defeated the National League All - Stars by a score of 4 -- 2 to win home field advantage for the 2016 World Series (which went to the Cleveland Indians). This was also the last time home - field advantage for the World Series was determined by the outcome of the All - Star Game.", "title": "2016 Major League Baseball All-Star Game" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of the longest winning streaks in National Basketball Association (NBA) history. The list includes streaks that started at the end of one season and carried over into the following season. There are two lists, streaks that consist entirely of regular - season games and streaks made up of playoff games only. The Los Angeles Lakers hold the record for the longest winning streak in NBA history. They won 33 straight games in the 1971 -- 72 season, compiling a season - best 69 -- 13 record and went on to win the NBA Finals. In the 2016 -- 17 season, the Golden State Warriors posted a season - best 67 -- 15 regular - season record and began the 2017 playoffs with a 15 game win - streak, the most consecutive wins in NBA playoff history. They went on to win the NBA Championship with a 16 -- 1 (. 941 winning percentage) record, the best playoff record in NBA history.", "title": "List of National Basketball Association longest winning streaks" } ]

[ "Yankees" ]

[ { "answer": "Japan", "id": 33288, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Who was first to invade Manchuria?" }, { "answer": "Yamanote Line loop", "id": 157788, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "What is one railway line in #1 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "A series of international crises strained the League to its limits, the earliest being the invasion of Manchuria by Japan and the Abyssinian crisis of 1935/36 in which Italy invaded Abyssinia, one of the only free African nations at that time. The League tried to enforce economic sanctions upon Italy, but to no avail. The incident highlighted French and British weakness, exemplified by their reluctance to alienate Italy and lose her as their ally. The limited actions taken by the Western powers pushed Mussolini's Italy towards alliance with Hitler's Germany anyway. The Abyssinian war showed Hitler how weak the League was and encouraged the remilitarization of the Rhineland in flagrant disregard of the Treaty of Versailles. This was the first in a series of provocative acts culminating in the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and the beginning of the Second World War.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway is a railway line in Finland. The line is owned and maintained by the Finnish Rail Administration. It connects the city of Oulu to station at Kontiomäki, which is a junction of five railway lines in Paltamo municipality, approximately north from the city of Kajaani. The line is single-tracked and electrified with a total length of . The traffic is controlled via centralized traffic control by the operator located in Oulu rail traffic control center at Oulu railway station. The line follows the south shore of Oulu River.", "title": "Oulu–Kontiomäki railway" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground railway. Opened in 1863, it is now part of the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines; the first line to operate underground electric traction trains, the City & South London Railway in 1890, is now part of the Northern line. The network has expanded to 11 lines, and in 2016 -- 17 carried 1.379 billion passengers, making it the world's 11th busiest metro system. The 11 lines collectively handle approximately 4.8 million passengers a day.", "title": "London Underground" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Theebine railway station (formerly Kilkivan Junction) is a closed railway station on the North Coast railway line of Queensland, Australia at Theebine. Slightly south of the railway station is the junction between the main North Coast line and the Kingaroy branch, which continues into west Queensland. It is also the junction for the Dickabram line.", "title": "Theebine railway station" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kotri Junction station is among the oldest railway stations in Pakistan. It served as the northern terminus point of the Scinde Railway, which was established in March 1855. A railway line was to be constructed between Karachi and Kotri and work on the Karachi terminus commenced in April 1858. By 13 May 1861, the station opened to the public. This was the first railway line for public traffic between Karachi and Kotri, a distance of 108 miles (174 km).", "title": "Kotri Junction railway station" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yangmok Station is a railway station on the Gyeongbu Line, the most important railway line in South Korea and one of the oldest. It is located between Waegwan Station and Gumi Station.", "title": "Yangmok Station" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rail is the primary mode of transportation in Tokyo, which has the most extensive urban railway network in the world and an equally extensive network of surface lines. JR East operates Tokyo's largest railway network, including the Yamanote Line loop that circles the center of downtown Tokyo. Two different organizations operate the subway network: the private Tokyo Metro and the governmental Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation. The Metropolitan Government and private carriers operate bus routes and one tram route. Local, regional, and national services are available, with major terminals at the giant railroad stations, including Tokyo, Shinagawa, and Shinjuku.", "title": "Tokyo" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the end of the war with Japan, the Chinese Civil War resumed between the Chinese Communists and the Chinese Nationalists. While the Communists were struggling for supremacy in Manchuria, they were supported by the North Korean government with matériel and manpower. According to Chinese sources, the North Koreans donated 2,000 railway cars worth of matériel while thousands of Koreans served in the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) during the war. North Korea also provided the Chinese Communists in Manchuria with a safe refuge for non-combatants and communications with the rest of China.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spilsby railway station was a railway station in the market town of Spilsby, Lincolnshire, England. The station stood on a four mile long branch line between Spilsby and Firsby Junction, where it connected with the main line from Cleethorpes to London, and was opened on 1 May 1868. However, traffic on the line soon slumped, and the line was bought by the Great Northern Railway in 1890. In 1939 passenger services on the line were suspended, leaving only a goods service which itself ceased in 1958, when the railway station and line were closed.", "title": "Spilsby railway station" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Landsborough railway station was one of the main railway stations on the Navarre railway line in Victoria, Australia. The station was located 14½ miles (23 km) from its connection with the Avoca railway line and approximately 5 miles (7 km) west of the township of Landsborough which is situated in the Shire of Pyrenees, north west of Melbourne, Victoria. Originally the station was to be known as 'Warlip Station', but was changed to 'Landsborough Station', shortly before the line opened in May 1914.", "title": "Landsborough railway station, Victoria" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miles railway station is located on the Western line in Queensland, Australia. It serves the town of Miles. The station has one platform, opening in 1878.", "title": "Miles railway station" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first passenger train in India ran between Bombay (Bori Bunder) and Thane on 16 April 1853. The 14 - carriage train was hauled by three steam locomotives: Sahib, Sindh and Sultan. It could carry 400 people and ran on a line of 34 kilometres (21 mi) built and operated by GIPR. This line was built in 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge, which became the standard for railways in the country. In Eastern India, the first passenger railway train ran from Howrah (near Calcutta) to Hoogly on 15 August 1854. The 39 - kilometre (24 mi) line was built and operated by EIR. In May 1854 the Bombay -- Thane line was extended to Kalyan by building India's first railway bridge, the Dapoorie viaduct, over Ulhas river. The line was extended to Khopoli in 1855. In August 1855, EIR Express and Fairy Queen steam locomotives started hauling trains. The first passenger train in South India ran from Royapuram and Veyasarapady (Madras) to Wallajah Road (Arcot) on 1 July 1856 on a 97 - kilometre (60 mi) line built and operated by Madras Railway.", "title": "Rail transport in India" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The world's first underground railway, the Metropolitan Railway, which opened in 1863, is now part of the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines; the first line to operate underground electric traction trains, the City & South London Railway in 1890, is now part of the Northern line. The network has expanded to 11 lines, and in 2016 -- 17 carried 1.379 billion passengers, making it the world's 11th busiest metro system. The 11 lines collectively handle approximately 4.8 million passengers a day.", "title": "London Underground" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kensington Canal was a canal, about two miles long, opened in 1828 in London from the River Thames on the parish boundary between Chelsea and Fulham, along the line of Counter's Creek, to a basin near Warwick Road in Kensington. It had one lock near the Kensington Basin and wharves on the Fulham side, south of Lillie bridge. It was not commercially successful, and was purchased by a railway company, which laid a line along the route of the canal on the Fulham side. A second railway line followed in the filled-in littoral of the canal, thus one became London Underground's Wimbledon branch and the other, the West London Line.", "title": "Kensington Canal" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kifisias railway station () is a railway station located on Kifisias Avenue in Marousi, Athens, Greece. The station is served by Proastiakos trains. It is on the Athens Airport–Kiato railway line and was first opened on 30 July 2004. It is located in the middle of Motorway 6, at the interchange of Kifisias Avenue. the station is served by three trains per hour to the airport, two to Ano Liosia and one to Kiato.", "title": "Kifisias railway station" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tel Aviv HaShalom railway station () is one of the busiest railway stations in Israel, serving most lines of Israel Railways. It is located on HaShalom Interchange over Ayalon Highway in Tel Aviv. Opened in 1996, the station serves one of the most active business areas in Tel Aviv, as well as the HaKirya IDF base.", "title": "Tel Aviv HaShalom railway station" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The original route, abandoned in 1995, was one of the few narrow-gauge railways in South Korea. Opened by the privately owned Chosen Gyeongdong Railway in 1937, it connected Suwon to Namincheon via Ansan and Siheung; in 1942, it was taken over by another private railway, the Chosen Railway (the largest of colonial Korea's privately owned railway companies). The Chosen Railway owned the line until the nationalisation of all railways in Korea after 1945. However, since December 28, 2004, the Suin Line is being reconstructed with standard gauge and double tracking as an integral part of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway network and is opening in three phases.", "title": "Suin Line" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The is a railway loop line in Tokyo, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). It is one of Tokyo's busiest and most important lines, connecting most of Tokyo's major stations and urban centres, including Marunouchi, the Yūrakuchō/Ginza area, Shinagawa, Shibuya, Shinjuku, Ikebukuro and Ueno, with all but two of its 29 stations connecting to other railway or underground (subway) lines.", "title": "Yamanote Line" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Merrygoen is a small township in north-western New South Wales, Australia. The town is a junction point between railway lines to Troy Junction on the Coonamble railway line, and the Gwabegar railway line. The railway station is now closed, however wheat silos and several sidings remain in use. Merrygoen is in the Gap to Dubbo section of the Intrastate Network managed by the Australian Rail Track Corporation.", "title": "Merrygoen" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The usefulness of the canals was short-lived, though some have now been restored for recreation. The 19th century also saw the construction of railways to and through Somerset. The county was served by five pre-1923 Grouping railway companies: the Great Western Railway (GWR); a branch of the Midland Railway (MR) to Bath Green Park (and another one to Bristol); the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway, and the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR). The former main lines of the GWR are still in use today, although many of its branch lines were scrapped under the notorious Beeching Axe. The former lines of the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway closed completely, as has the branch of the Midland Railway to Bath Green Park (and to Bristol St Philips); however, the L&SWR survived as a part of the present West of England Main Line. None of these lines, in Somerset, are electrified. Two branch lines, the West and East Somerset Railways, were rescued and transferred back to private ownership as \"heritage\" lines. The fifth railway was a short-lived light railway, the Weston, Clevedon and Portishead Light Railway. The West Somerset Mineral Railway carried the iron ore from the Brendon Hills to Watchet.", "title": "Somerset" } ]

[ "Yamanote Line" ]

[ { "answer": "Texas", "id": 131455, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Which state is KZAR located?" }, { "answer": "JPMorgan Chase Tower", "id": 11960, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "What is the tallest building in #1 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "MarinaBlue, also known as Marina Blue, is a skyscraper in Miami, Florida, United States. It is located in northeastern Downtown, on Biscayne Bay along the west side of Biscayne Boulevard. The tower was one of the first buildings in Park West to be completed. Built by Hyperion Development, the developers of another building named Blue on the Bay further uptown, the building finished construction in May 2007. Marinablue is located across the street from the American Airlines Arena. The building rises , and contains 57 floors. Marinablue is almost all-residential, with some retail and office space on the lower floors. The building was opened to residential occupancy since the spring of 2008. The building currently stands as the 9th-tallest in Miami and the 10th-tallest in Florida, as well the 5th-tallest residential building in the city and the state.", "title": "Marinablue" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The world's tallest artificial structure is the 829.8 - metre - tall (2,722 ft) Burj Khalifa in Dubai (of the United Arab Emirates). The building gained the official title of ``Tallest Building in the World ''and the tallest self - supported structure at its opening on January 9, 2010. The second - tallest self - supporting structure and the tallest tower is the Tokyo Skytree. The tallest guyed structure is the KVLY - TV mast.", "title": "List of tallest buildings and structures" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kitahama is a residential building in Kitahama, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan. Rising 209m tall, it is the fourth tallest building in Osaka Prefecture, and the 22nd tallest building in Japan. It is also the tallest residential building in Japan. The closest train station to it is Kitahama Station.", "title": "The Kitahama" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Empire State Building stood as the world's tallest building for nearly 40 years, from its completion in early 1931 until the topping out of the original World Trade Center's North Tower in late 1970. Following the September 11 attacks in 2001, the Empire State Building was again the tallest building in New York, until One World Trade Center reached a greater height in April 2012. The Empire State Building is currently the fifth - tallest completed skyscraper in the United States and the 35th - tallest in the world. It is also the fifth - tallest freestanding structure in the Americas. When measured by pinnacle height, it is the fourth - tallest building in the United States.", "title": "Empire State Building" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The world's tallest artificial structure is the 829.8 m (2,722 ft) tall Burj Khalifa in Dubai (of the United Arab Emirates). The building gained the official title of ``Tallest Building in the World ''and the tallest self supported structure at its opening on January 9, 2010. The second tallest self - supporting structure and the tallest tower is the Tokyo Skytree. The tallest guyed structure is the KVLY - TV mast.", "title": "List of tallest buildings and structures" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1717 Broadway is a skyscraper located in Manhattan, New York City, United States. At 750 feet high, it is the tallest hotel in North America. The building contains two hotels, the Courtyard New York Manhattan/Central Park and the Residence Inn New York Manhattan/Central Park, with a total of 639 rooms. The glass-clad building is located on the Northwest corner of 54th Street and Broadway.", "title": "1717 Broadway" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Empire State Building is a 102 - story Art Deco skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon and completed in 1931, the building has a roof height of 1,250 feet (380 m) and stands a total of 1,454 feet (443.2 m) tall, including its antenna. Its name is derived from ``Empire State '', the nickname of New York. As of 2017 the building is the 5th - tallest completed skyscraper in the United States and the 28th - tallest in the world. It is also the 6th - tallest freestanding structure in the Americas.", "title": "Empire State Building" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Wuhan World Trade Tower () is a 273-meter (896 foot) tall skyscraper located in Wuhan, China. It became the tallest building in Wuhan after its completion. However, it was surpassed by the Minsheng Bank Building in 2007. As of September 2015 it is the 4th tallest in Wuhan measured up to the highest architectural point.", "title": "Wuhan World Trade Tower" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "KZAR (97.7 FM) is an Air 1 affiliate radio station licensed to McQueeney, Texas, United States. The station serves the San Antonio area with a Christian Worship format. The station is currently owned by Educational Media Foundation.", "title": "KZAR" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "1201 Third Avenue (formerly Washington Mutual Tower) is a , 55-story skyscraper in Downtown Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. It is the second-tallest building in the city, the eighth-tallest on the West Coast of the United States, and the 74th-tallest in the United States. Developed by Wright Runstad & Company, construction began in 1986 and finished in 1988. 1201 Third Avenue was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates and The McKinley Architects. The building was the world headquarters of the financial company Washington Mutual from the building's opening until 2006, when the company moved across the street to the WaMu Center (renamed the Russell Investments Center after the bank collapsed in 2008).", "title": "1201 Third Avenue" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Woolworth Building is an early American skyscraper located at 233 Broadway in Manhattan, New York City. Designed by architect Cass Gilbert, it was the tallest building in the world from 1913 to 1930, with a height of . More than a century after its construction, it remains one of the 100 tallest buildings in the United States as well as one of the 30 tallest buildings in New York City.", "title": "Woolworth Building" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The EMC Insurance Building is a high-rise office building located in downtown Des Moines, Iowa, United States. The building rises 19 floors and in height. It is currently tied with the HUB Tower as the 6th-tallest building in the city. Designed by Brooks Borg Skiles Architecture Engineering, the building was completed in 1997 for $54 million. The building was named one of the 50 Most Significant Iowa Buildings of the 20th Century by the American Institute of Architects Iowa chapter.", "title": "EMC Insurance Building" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hyperion Tower (Korean: 하이페리온 타워), also known as the Mok-dong Hyperion Towers, is a group of three buildings located in the Yangcheon-gu district of Seoul, South Korea, completed in 2003. The tallest of which, Tower A, is 69 storeys and 256 metres (840 feet) high, making it the second tallest building in Seoul and the world's 214th tallest building. The towers are used as residential housing. Tower A is the world's 19th tallest residential building. Below the building is the Hyundai Department store, a chain of high end department stores in South Korea. At the time of its completion, the building was the tallest in the country but was surpassed by Samsung Tower Palace 3 – Tower G in 2004.", "title": "Hyperion Tower" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "3300 North Central Avenue (also known as 3300 Tower) is a high-rise located along Central Avenue in Uptown Phoenix, Arizona, United States. The tower rises 27 floors and in height. Designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, 3300 North Central Avenue was built in 1980. Upon completion, it stood as the fourth-tallest building in Phoenix and the tallest building outside of Downtown Phoenix. Today, it stands as the 12th-tallest building in the city.", "title": "3300 North Central Avenue" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This list of tallest buildings in Baltimore ranks skyscrapers and high - rises in the U.S. city of Baltimore, Maryland by height. The tallest building in Baltimore is the 40 - story Transamerica Tower, which rises 529 feet (161 m) and was completed in 1973. It also stands as the tallest building in the state of Maryland and the tallest building on the East Coast between Philadelphia and Raleigh, after the RBC Plaza was built in 2008. The second - tallest building in the city and the state is the Bank of America Building (10 Light Street), which is 509 feet (155 m) high.", "title": "List of tallest buildings in Baltimore" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Willis Tower, built as and still commonly referred to as the Sears Tower, is a 110 - story, 1,450 - foot (442.1 m) skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, United States. At completion in 1973, it surpassed the World Trade Center towers in New York to become the tallest building in the world, a title it held for nearly 25 years and remained the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere until 2014 and the completion of a new building at the World Trade Center site. The building is considered a seminal achievement for its architect Fazlur Rahman Khan. The Willis Tower is the second - tallest building in the United States and the Western hemisphere -- and the 16th - tallest in the world. More than one million people visit its observation deck each year, making it one of Chicago's most popular tourist destinations. The structure was renamed in 2009 by the Willis Group as part of its lease on a portion of the tower's space.", "title": "Willis Tower" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Travelers Tower is a 24-story, skyscraper in downtown Hartford, Connecticut. Travelers Tower was the seventh tallest building in the world when it was constructed in 1919, and is currently the second tallest building in Hartford. Travelers Tower is the fourth headquarters of Travelers Insurance Company. The architect of Travelers Tower was Donn Barber, who also designed the Connecticut State Library, Supreme Court Building and The Hartford Times Building.", "title": "Travelers Tower" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The YPF tower is a corporate high-rise building designed by internationally recognized architect César Pelli constructed in the Puerto Madero \"barrio\" (district) of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Construction began in 2005, and the office building was completed in September 2008. The building is tall and has 44 floors. It was, upon completion in 2008, the tallest office building in Argentina, and the third tallest overall. The building is located on the corner of Macacha Güemes and Juana Manso streets, in the Puerto Madero ward.", "title": "Repsol-YPF tower" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The world's tallest artificial structure is the 829.8 - metre - tall (2,722 ft) Burj Khalifa in Dubai (of the United Arab Emirates). The building gained the official title of ``Tallest Building in the World ''and the tallest self - supported structure at its opening on January 9, 2010. The second - tallest self - supporting structure and the tallest tower is the Tokyo Skytree. The tallest guyed structure is the KVLY - TV mast. Breetsky was the third building, which was surpassed by Tokyo in 1987.", "title": "List of tallest buildings and structures" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the 1960s, Downtown Houston consisted of a collection of mid-rise office structures. Downtown was on the threshold of an energy industry–led boom in 1970. A succession of skyscrapers were built throughout the 1970s—many by real estate developer Gerald D. Hines—culminating with Houston's tallest skyscraper, the 75-floor, 1,002-foot (305 m)-tall JPMorgan Chase Tower (formerly the Texas Commerce Tower), completed in 1982. It is the tallest structure in Texas, 15th tallest building in the United States, and the 85th tallest skyscraper in the world, based on highest architectural feature. In 1983, the 71-floor, 992-foot (302 m)-tall Wells Fargo Plaza (formerly Allied Bank Plaza) was completed, becoming the second-tallest building in Houston and Texas. Based on highest architectural feature, it is the 17th tallest in the United States and the 95th tallest in the world. In 2007, downtown Houston had over 43 million square feet (4,000,000 m²) of office space.", "title": "Houston" } ]

[ "Texas Commerce Tower" ]

[ { "answer": "California", "id": 56270, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "where is the area code 951 coming from" }, { "answer": "more than 12 percent", "id": 68396, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "what percentage of the country lives in #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seattle's foreign-born population grew 40% between the 1990 and 2000 censuses. The Chinese population in the Seattle area has origins in mainland China, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, and Taiwan. The earliest Chinese-Americans that came in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were almost entirely from Guangdong province. The Seattle area is also home to a large Vietnamese population of more than 55,000 residents, as well as over 30,000 Somali immigrants. The Seattle-Tacoma area is also home to one of the largest Cambodian communities in the United States, numbering about 19,000 Cambodian Americans, and one of the largest Samoan communities in the mainland U.S., with over 15,000 people having Samoan ancestry. Additionally, the Seattle area had the highest percentage of self-identified mixed-race people of any large metropolitan area in the United States, according to the 2000 United States Census Bureau. According to a 2012 HistoryLink study, Seattle's 98118 ZIP code (in the Columbia City neighborhood) was one of the most diverse ZIP Code Tabulation Areas in the United States.", "title": "Seattle" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-1 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest. The official name of the standard is \"Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes\". It defines three sets of country codes:", "title": "ISO 3166-1" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Basbedo is a village in the Tenkodogo Department of Boulgou Province in south-eastern Burkina Faso. As of 2005, the village has a population of 951.", "title": "Basbedo" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Area code 780 is a telephone area code in the province of Alberta, encompassing the northern two - thirds of the province, including the Edmonton area. The code was established in 1999; prior to this date the entire province was served by the 403 area code. The 780 phone code started use on January 25, 1999. Permissive dialing of 403 continued throughout Alberta until May 18, 1999. Area code 780 is also the last new area code in Canada introduced by a split.", "title": "Area code 780" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Area code 951 is a California telephone area code that was split from area code 909 on July 17, 2004. It covers western Riverside County, including, Beaumont, Corona, Canyon Lake, Riverside, Temescal Canyon, Woodcrest, Arlington, Mira Loma, Moreno Valley, Perris, Sun City, Lake Elsinore, Wildomar, Murrieta, Temecula, San Jacinto, Hemet, Lakeview, Nuevo, Norco, Banning, Eastvale, Quail Valley, and Idyllwild.", "title": "Area code 951" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, special areas of geographical interest, and their principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states). The official name of the standard is Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions.", "title": "ISO 3166" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "As of 2006, California had an estimated population of 37,172,015, more than 12 percent of the U.S. population. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 1,557,112 people (that is 2,781,539 births minus 1,224,427 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 751,419 people. Immigration resulted in a net increase of 1,415,879 people, and migration from within the U.S. produced a net decrease of 564,100 people. California is the 13th fastest - growing state. As of 2008, the total fertility rate was 2.15. The most recent census reports the population of California is 39,144,818.", "title": "Demographics of California" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coordinates: 47 ° 00 ′ 01 ''N 109 ° 45 ′ 04'' W  /  47.00028 ° N 109.75111 ° W  / 47.00028; - 109.75111  (State of Montana) Area code 406 is the telephone area code covering the entire state of Montana. It has been Montana's area code since area codes were created in 1947.", "title": "Area code 406" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Area codes 208 and 986 are the North American telephone area codes for all of Idaho. 208 is the main area code, and is one of the 86 original area codes created in 1947. It was Idaho's sole area code until 2017, when 986 was added as an overlay for the entire state.", "title": "Area codes 208 and 986" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alamance is a village in Alamance County, North Carolina, United States. It is part of the Burlington, North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 951 at the 2010 census, up from 310 at the 2000 census.", "title": "Alamance, North Carolina" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ISO 3166-2 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for identifying the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1. The official name of the standard is \"Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 2: Country subdivision code\". It was first published in 1998.", "title": "ISO 3166-2" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Area code 575 is an area code in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It serves the remainder of the state outside the Albuquerque, Santa Fe, Farmington, and Gallup metropolitan and micropolitan areas, which remain in area code 505. The new code became effective on October 7, 2007, splitting from area code 505.", "title": "Area code 575" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Area code 404 of the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) identifies a numbering plan area (NPA) that covers Atlanta, Georgia and its closest suburbs, roughly the area encircled by Interstate 285. It is an enclave area code, completely surrounded by area code 770, which serves most of Atlanta's suburbs. Both 404 and 770 are overlaid by area codes 678 and 470.", "title": "Area code 404" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Besides Louisville and Frankfort, other cities within the 502 area code boundary include Georgetown, Shelbyville, and Bardstown. Georgetown is a long - distance call to other cities in the 502 area code, but is a free local call to Lexington, which is in the 859 area code.", "title": "Area code 502" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There have been 18 managers for the Padres franchise. The team's first manager was Preston Gómez, who managed for four seasons. Bruce Bochy is the franchise's all - time leader for the most regular - season games managed (1926), the most regular - season game wins (951), the most playoff games managed (24), and the most playoff - game wins (8). Bob Skinner is the Padres' all - time leader for the highest regular - season winning percentage, as he has only managed one game, which he won. Of the managers who have managed a minimum of 162 games (one season), Jack McKeon has the highest regular - season winning percentage with. 541, having managed for 357 games. Dick Williams, the only Padres manager to have been elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame, is the franchise's all - time leader for the highest playoff winning percentage with. 400. Williams and Bochy are the only managers to have won an NL Championship with the Padres, in 1984 and 1998 respectively. Bochy and Black are the only managers to have won a Manager of the Year Award with the Padres, in 1996 and 2010. Greg Riddoch and Jerry Coleman have spent their entire managing careers with the Padres.", "title": "List of San Diego Padres managers" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North American area code 432 is a state of Texas telephone area code in the Permian Basin area of the state including the cities of Midland and Odessa. It was created, along with area code 325, on April 5, 2003 in a split from area code 915.", "title": "Area code 432" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The initial 86 area codes were assigned in 1947 as routing codes for operator calls; the first cross-country Bell System direct distance dial call was made in 1951. The system was based on fixed - length numbers; a direct - dial long distance call consisted of a three - digit area code and a seven - digit local number. Numbers in 2L + 4N cities (such as Montréal and Toronto) were systematically lengthened to seven digits in the 1950's, a few exchanges at a time, so that all local numbers were seven digits when direct distance dialling finally came to town.", "title": "Seven-digit dialing" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Peasant society is much less documented than the nobility. Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century. Most the descriptions of the lower classes come from either law codes or writers from the upper classes. Landholding patterns in the West were not uniform; some areas had greatly fragmented landholding patterns, but in other areas large contiguous blocks of land were the norm. These differences allowed for a wide variety of peasant societies, some dominated by aristocratic landholders and others having a great deal of autonomy. Land settlement also varied greatly. Some peasants lived in large settlements that numbered as many as 700 inhabitants. Others lived in small groups of a few families and still others lived on isolated farms spread over the countryside. There were also areas where the pattern was a mix of two or more of those systems. Unlike in the late Roman period, there was no sharp break between the legal status of the free peasant and the aristocrat, and it was possible for a free peasant's family to rise into the aristocracy over several generations through military service to a powerful lord.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state. Israel is a representative democracy with a parliamentary system, proportional representation and universal suffrage. The prime minister serves as head of government and the Knesset serves as the legislature. Israel is a developed country and an OECD member, with the 35th-largest economy in the world by nominal gross domestic product as of 2015[update]. The country benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with the one of the highest percentage of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. The country has the highest standard of living in the Middle East and the fourth highest in Asia, and has one of the highest life expectancies in the world.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.", "title": "Republic of the Congo" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Venice", "id": 81268, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "what is the city in italy that is under water" }, { "answer": "260,897", "id": 85407, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "what was the population of the city of #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Bend is a city in Coos County, Oregon, United States with a population of 9,695 as of the 2010 census. North Bend is surrounded on three sides by Coos Bay, an S-shaped water inlet and estuary where the Coos River enters Coos Bay and borders the city of Coos Bay to the south. North Bend became an incorporated city in 1903.", "title": "North Bend, Oregon" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crescent City (Chetco-Tolowa: \"Taa-’at-dvn\", Yurok: \"Kohpey\", Wiyot: \"Daluwagh\" ) is the county seat of, and only incorporated city in, Del Norte County, California. Named for the crescent-shaped stretch of sandy beach south of the city, Crescent City had a total population of 7,643 in the 2010 census, up from 4,006 in the 2000 census. The population includes inmates at Pelican Bay State Prison, also within the city limits, and the former census-designated place Crescent City North annexed to the city. The city is also the site of the Redwood National Park headquarters, as well as the historic Battery Point Light. Due to the richness of the local Pacific Ocean waters and the related catch, and ease of access, Crescent City Harbor serves as home port for numerous commercial fishing vessels.", "title": "Crescent City, California" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Historically, Philadelphia sourced its water by the Fairmount Water Works, the nation's first major urban water supply system. In 1909, Water Works was decommissioned as the city transitioned to modern sand filtration methods. Today, the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) provides drinking water, wastewater collection, and stormwater services for Philadelphia, as well as surrounding counties. PWD draws about 57 percent of its drinking water from the Delaware River and the balance from the Schuylkill River. The public wastewater system consists of three water pollution control plants, 21 pumping stations, and about 3,657 miles of sewers. A 2007 investigation by the Environmental Protection Agency found elevated levels of Iodine-131 in the city's potable water.[citation needed] In 2012, the EPA's readings discovered that the city had the highest readings of I-131 in the nation. The city campaigned against an Associated Press report that the high levels of I-131 were the results of local gas drilling in the Upper Delaware River.[citation needed]", "title": "Philadelphia" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kempele is a municipality just south of the city of Oulu in Northern Finland. Historically it was in the province of Oulu, but today it is in the region of Northern Ostrobothnia. The population of Kempele is () and the municipality covers an area of (excluding sea), of which is inland waters (). The population density is (). The municipality of Kempele was founded in 1867.", "title": "Kempele" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Venice Italian: Venezia Comune Comune di Venezia A collage of Venice: at the top left is the Piazza San Marco, followed by a view of the city, then the Grand Canal, and (smaller) the interior of La Fenice and, finally, the Island of San Giorgio Maggiore. Flag Venice Location of Venice in Veneto Venice Venice (Italy) Venice Venice (Europe) Show map of Veneto Show map of Italy Show map of Europe Show all Coordinates: 45 ° 26 ′ 15 ''N 12 ° 20 ′ 9'' E  /  45.43750 ° N 12.33583 ° E  / 45.43750; 12.33583 Coordinates: 45 ° 26 ′ 15 ''N 12 ° 20 ′ 9'' E  /  45.43750 ° N 12.33583 ° E  / 45.43750; 12.33583 Country Italy Region Veneto Metropolitan city Venice (VE) Frazioni Chirignago, Favaro Veneto, Mestre, Marghera, Murano, Burano, Giudecca, Lido, Zelarino Government Mayor Luigi Brugnaro (independent) Area Total 414.57 km (160.07 sq mi) Elevation 1 m (3 ft) Population (2018) Total 260,897 Density 630 / km (1,600 / sq mi) Demonym (s) (it) Veneziano, pl. Veneziani (en) Venetian, pl. Venetians Time zone UTC + 1 (CET) Summer (DST) UTC + 2 (CEST) Postal code 30100 Dialing code 041 ISTAT code 027042 Patron saint St. Mark the Evangelist Saint day 25 April Website Official website", "title": "Venice" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chinese environmental activist and journalist Ma Jun warned in 2006 that China is facing a water crisis that includes water shortages, water pollution and a deterioration in water quality. Ma argued that 400 out of 600 cities in China are facing water shortages to varying degrees, including 30 out of the 32 largest cities. Furthermore, Ma argued, discharges of waste water have increased continually over the years 2001 - 2006, and that 300 million peasants' drinking water is not safe. He warned: ``In the north, due to the drying up of the surface water, the underground water has been over-extracted. The water shortage in the north could have drastic affects because almost half of China's population lives on only 15 percent of its water. The situation is not sustainable. Though the south has abundant water, there is a lack of clean water due to serious water pollution. Even water - abundant deltas like the Yangtze and the Pearl River suffer from water shortages. ''", "title": "Water resources of China" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nekoosa is a city in Wood County, Wisconsin, United States. Its name derives from the Ho-Chunk word, \"Nįįkuusra\", \"Nakrusa\", or \"Nįkusara\" which translates to \"running water.\" The population was 2,580 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Nekoosa, Wisconsin" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Squinzano (Salentino: ) is a town and \"comune\" in the province of Lecce in the Apulia region of south-east Italy. It is the twelfth-most populous city in the province of Lecce.", "title": "Squinzano" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Humaya River is a river in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, that connects to the Tamazula River in the city of Culiacán to form the Culiacán River. The source of the river is the Sierra Madre Occidental mountains. The water flows from the north of the city. The water then flows to the Pacific Ocean.", "title": "Humaya River" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city of Port - au - Prince is on the Gulf of Gonâve: the bay on which the city lies, which acts as a natural harbor, has sustained economic activity since the civilizations of the Arawaks. It was first incorporated under French colonial rule in 1749. The city's layout is similar to that of an amphitheatre; commercial districts are near the water, while residential neighborhoods are located on the hills above. Its population is difficult to ascertain due to the rapid growth of slums in the hillsides above the city; however, recent estimates place the metropolitan area's population at around 3.7 million, nearly half of the country's national population. The city was catastrophically affected by a devastating earthquake in 2010, with large numbers of structures damaged or destroyed. Haiti's government estimated the death toll to be 230,000.", "title": "Port-au-Prince" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city grew as the population did, coming up against the lake's waters. As the depth of the lake water fluctuated, Mexico City was subject to periodic flooding. A major labor draft, the desagüe, compelled thousands of Indians over the colonial period to work on infrastructure to prevent flooding. Floods were not only an inconvenience but also a health hazard, since during flood periods human waste polluted the city's streets. By draining the area, the mosquito population dropped as did the frequency of the diseases they spread. However, draining the wetlands also changed the habitat for fish and birds and the areas accessible for Indian cultivation close to the capital.", "title": "Mexico City" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sanpolino is a station of the Brescia Metro, in the city of Brescia in northern Italy. The station is located in the centre of Sanpolino, a densely populated modern and innovative suburb of Brescia.", "title": "Sanpolino (Brescia Metro)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is surrounded on the north, west, and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south and east by the American state of New York, whose water boundaries meet in the middle of the lake. Ontario, Canada's most populous province, was named for the lake. Many of Ontario's most populous cities, including Toronto, Canada's most populous city, and Hamilton, are on the lake's northern or western shores. In the Huron language, the name Ontarí'io means \"Lake of Shining Waters\". Its primary inlet is the Niagara River from Lake Erie. The last in the Great Lakes chain, Lake Ontario serves as the outlet to the Atlantic Ocean via the Saint Lawrence River. It is the only Great Lake not to border the state of Michigan.", "title": "Lake Ontario" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The population of Fresno grew from a 1960 census population of 134,000 to a 2000 census population of 428,000. With a census - estimated 2017 population of 527,438, Fresno is the fifth-most populous city in California, the most populous city in the Central Valley, the most populous inland city in California, and the 34th-most populous city in the nation.", "title": "Fresno, California" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Abuja (/ əˈbuːdʒə /) is the capital city of Nigeria located in the centre of the country within the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). It is a planned city and was built mainly in the 1980s, replacing the country's most populous city of Lagos as the capital on 12 December 1991. Abuja's geography is defined by Aso Rock, a 400 - metre (1,300 ft) monolith left by water erosion. The Presidential Complex, National Assembly, Supreme Court and much of the city extend to the south of the rock. Zuma Rock, a 792 - metre (2,598 ft) monolith, lies just north of the city on the expressway to Kaduna.", "title": "Abuja" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Venice (/ ˈvɛnɪs /, VEN - iss; Italian: Venezia (veˈnɛttsja) (listen); Venetian: Venesia, Venexia (veˈnɛsja)) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by 400 bridges. The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave rivers (more exactly between the Brenta and the Sile). Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings, their architecture, and artwork. The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.", "title": "Venice" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city is roughly bisected by the North Canadian River (recently renamed the Oklahoma River inside city limits). The North Canadian once had sufficient flow to flood every year, wreaking destruction on surrounding areas, including the central business district and the original Oklahoma City Zoo. In the 1940s, a dam was built on the river to manage the flood control and reduced its level. In the 1990s, as part of the citywide revitalization project known as MAPS, the city built a series of low-water dams, returning water to the portion of the river flowing near downtown. The city has three large lakes: Lake Hefner and Lake Overholser, in the northwestern quarter of the city; and the largest, Lake Stanley Draper, in the sparsely populated far southeast portion of the city.", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Southampton (i/saʊθˈæmptən, -hæmptən/) is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England, and is situated 75 miles (121 km) south-west of London and 19 miles (31 km) north-west of Portsmouth. Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the River Test and River Itchen, with the River Hamble joining to the south of the urban area. The city, which is a unitary authority, has an estimated population of 253,651. The city's name is sometimes abbreviated in writing to \"So'ton\" or \"Soton\", and a resident of Southampton is called a Sotonian.", "title": "Southampton" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed. As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration system, New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants. The Croton Watershed north of the city is undergoing construction of a US$3.2 billion water purification plant to augment New York City's water supply by an estimated 290 million gallons daily, representing a greater than 20% addition to the city's current availability of water. The ongoing expansion of New York City Water Tunnel No. 3, an integral part of the New York City water supply system, is the largest capital construction project in the city's history.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nairobi (/ naɪˈroʊbi /; locally (naɪˈroːbi)) is the capital and largest city of Kenya. The name comes from the Maasai phrase Enkare Nairobi, which translates to ``cool water '', a reference to the Nairobi River which flows through the city. The city proper has a population of 3,138,369, while the metropolitan area has a population of 6,547,547. The city is popularly referred to as the Green City in the Sun. Nairobi is famous for being the only city in the world that hosts a national park, the Nairobi national Park.", "title": "Nairobi" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Poland", "id": 160092, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "What country did Germany invade?" }, { "answer": "Lech Wałęsa", "id": 80144, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "who became the president of #1 in 1990" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hans Modrow (; born 27 January 1928) is a German left-wing politician, best known as the last communist premier of East Germany and the country's \"de facto\" leader from 1989 to 1990. He was convicted of electoral fraud by the Dresden District Court in 1995. He is currently the honorary Chairman of the Left Party.", "title": "Hans Modrow" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mátyás Szűrös (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmaːcaːʃ ˈsyːrøʃ]; born 11 September 1933 in Püspökladány) is a Hungarian politician. He served as provisional President of the Republic from 23 October 1989 to 2 May 1990. His presidency occurred during Hungary's transition from Communism to democratic government.Szűrös served as Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary from March 1989 to May 1990. In the fall of 1989, as part of an agreement between the Communists and the opposition to establish multiparty democracy, the 1949 Constitution was almost completely rewritten to remove its Communist character. The Presidential Council, the country's Communist-era collective presidency, was dissolved. Under the Constitution, Szűrös became provisional president until the election. Soon after taking office on 23 October he made the official proclamation that Hungary had removed the \"People's Republic\" from its constitutional name and was now the \"Republic of Hungary.\"", "title": "Mátyás Szűrös" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 1980s green became the color of a number of new European political parties organized around an agenda of environmentalism. Green was chosen for its association with nature, health, and growth. The largest green party in Europe is Alliance '90/The Greens (German: Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) in Germany, which was formed in 1993 from the merger of the German Green Party, founded in West Germany in 1980, and Alliance 90, founded during the Revolution of 1989–1990 in East Germany. In the 2009 federal elections, the party won 10.7% of the votes and 68 out of 622 seats in the Bundestag.", "title": "Green" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raymond Triboulet (3 October 1906 – 26 May 2006) was a French politician. He was a leading World War II resistance fighter who helped U.S., Canadian, and British troops invade France, which was then occupied by Nazi Germany.", "title": "Raymond Triboulet" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The German reunification (German: Deutsche Wiedervereinigung) was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic (GDR (German: DDR) / East Germany) became part of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG (German: BRD) / West Germany) to form the reunited nation of Germany, and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article 23. The end of the unification process is officially referred to as German unity (German: Deutsche Einheit), celebrated on 3 October (German Unity Day) (German: Tag der deutschen Einheit). Following German reunification, Berlin was once again designated as the capital of united Germany.", "title": "German reunification" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Friedrich Ebert Foundation (\"German: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung; Abbreviation: FES\") is a German political foundation associated with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), yet independent of it. Established in 1925 as the political legacy of Friedrich Ebert, Germany's first democratically elected President, it is the largest and oldest of the German party-associated foundations. It is headquartered in Bonn and Berlin, and has offices and projects in over 100 countries. It is Germany's oldest organisation to promote democracy, political education, and promote students of outstanding intellectual abilities and personality.", "title": "Friedrich Ebert Foundation" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Brazil won the tournament after beating Italy 3 -- 2 in a penalty shootout at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California near Los Angeles, after the game had ended 0 -- 0 after extra time. It was the first World Cup final to be decided on penalties. The victory made Brazil the first nation to win four World Cup titles. Greece, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia made their first appearances at the tournament, as did Russia, following the breakup of the Soviet Union. A united Germany team took part in the tournament, as the country was reunified in 1990, a few months after West Germany's victory in the 1990 World Cup.", "title": "1994 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Strategic bombing during World War II began on 1 September 1939 when Germany invaded Poland and the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) began bombing cities and the civilian population in Poland in an indiscriminate aerial bombardment campaign. As the war continued to expand, bombing by both the Axis and the Allies increased significantly. The RAF began bombing Germany in March 1940. In September 1940, the Luftwaffe began targeting British cities in 'The Blitz'. After the beginning of Operation Barbarossa in June 1941, the Luftwaffe attacked Soviet cities and infrastructure. From 1942 onward, the British bombing campaign against Germany became less restrictive and increasingly targeted industrial sites and eventually, civilian areas. When the United States began flying bombing missions against Germany, it reinforced these efforts and controversial firebombings were carried out against Hamburg (1943), Dresden (1945), and other German cities.", "title": "Strategic bombing during World War II" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Both Germanys were admitted as full members of the United Nations (UN) on 18 September 1973. The two countries eventually merged on 3 October 1990, signifying an end of the Cold war era. Today, Germany is the third largest contributor to the UN budget, after the United States and Japan, with 190 million US dollars, or roughly 8% of the UN budget for the 2010 - 11 biennial budget.", "title": "Germany and the United Nations" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``How Am I Supposed to Live Without You ''was supposed to be recorded by the duo Air Supply. But when Arista President Clive Davis asked for permission to change the lyrics of the chorus, Bolton refused, and Davis let go of the song. Subsequently Laura Branigan recorded it as written, and it became the first major hit for the two songwriters. Bolton's own rendition became a worldwide hit in early 1990.", "title": "How Am I Supposed to Live Without You" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vilhelm Aubert was born in Kristiania in 1922. He was the older brother of mathematician Karl Egil Aubert, born 1924. Vilhelm Aubert enrolled at the University of Oslo in 1940, the same year as Norway was invaded by Germany as a part of the Second World War. Aubert became a member of the illegal intelligence organization XU.", "title": "Vilhelm Aubert" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the internal and external evaluation of Germany's national image has changed. In the annual Nation Brands Index global survey, Germany became significantly and repeatedly more highly ranked after the tournament. People in 20 different states assessed the country's reputation in terms of culture, politics, exports, its people and its attractiveness to tourists, immigrants and investments. Germany has been named the world's second most valued nation among 50 countries in 2010. Another global opinion poll, for the BBC, revealed that Germany is recognised for the most positive influence in the world in 2010. A majority of 59% have a positive view of the country, while 14% have a negative view.", "title": "Germans" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The leader of the Solidarity movement, Lech Wałęsa, won the first round. However, he did not earn over 50% of the vote, which led to a runoff election. Wałęsa faced Polish - Canadian businessman Stanisław Tymiński in the second round, defeating him easily.", "title": "1990 Polish presidential election" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Gleiwitz incident was a part of a larger operation carried out by Abwehr and SS forces. Other orchestrated incidents were conducted along the Polish-German border at the same time as the Gleiwitz attack, such as a house burning in the Polish Corridor and spurious propaganda. The project was called Operation Himmler and comprised incidents giving the appearance of Polish aggression against Germany. German newspapers and politicians, including Adolf Hitler, had made accusations against Polish authorities for months before the 1939 invasion of organising or tolerating violent ethnic cleansing of ethnic Germans living in Poland. On 1 September 1939, the day following the Gleiwitz attack, Germany launched Fall Weiss (Case White) the invasion of Poland, which precipitated World War II in Europe. Hitler cited the border incidents in a speech in the Reichstag on the same day, with three of them called very serious, as justification for his invasion of Poland. Hitler had told his generals on 22 August, \"I will provide a propagandistic casus belli. Its credibility doesn't matter. The victor will not be asked whether he told the truth\".", "title": "Gleiwitz incident" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As the tide of the war turned against Germany and Allied forces invaded the country, most military football sides were disbanded. \"LSV Berlin\" was lost in September 1944, before the start of the 1944–45 season, its place in the Oberliga being taken by \"SG OrPo Berlin\".", "title": "LSV Berlin" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rolf Jähnichen joined the Christian Democratic Union (East Germany) in 1981. (Unlike its west German counterpart, the East German CDU, as part of the country's National Front alliance was effectively controlled by the country's ruling SED party.) Between 1984 and 1989 Jähnichen was a member of the local council in his hometown of , on the edge of Leipzig. Between 1989 and 1990 he was a member of the CDU party executive.", "title": "Rolf Jähnichen" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the final, Germany defeated Argentina 1 -- 0 to win the tournament and secure the country's fourth world title, the first after the German reunification in 1990, when as West Germany they also beat Argentina in the World Cup final. Germany became the first European team to win a World Cup staged in the Americas, and this result marked the third consecutive title won by a European team, after Italy in 2006 and Spain in 2010.", "title": "2014 FIFA World Cup" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Juan Mayr Maldonado (born 27 May 1952) is a Colombian photographer and environmentalist currently serving as Ambassador of Colombia to Germany. From 1993 to 1996, Mayr was elected Vice President of the World Conservation Union. In 1998 he became Minister of Environment of Colombia. He has also been president of the United Nations' conference on Biosafety.", "title": "Juan Mayr" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On national team level West Germany played its first post-war international on 22 November 1950 against Switzerland in Stuttgart, while East Germany played their first game against Poland on 21 September 1952 in Warsaw and its 293rd and last on 12 September 1990 against Belgium in Brussels. The two sides met just once on senior national team level, on 22 June 1974, in a group game of the 1974 FIFA World Cup, held in West Germany. The game in Hamburg, in front of 62,000, was won 1 -- 0 by the guest team courtesy to a goal by Jürgen Sparwasser. East Germany finished the tournament in sixth place while West Germany won the FIFA World Cup. For the East it was the only participation while the West won the 1954 and 1990 editions as well. The two countries never met again at this level despite West Germany frequently requesting a rematch but the East declining, despite strong interest from East German players, coaches and fans. With the German reunification a special game between the two former countries was planned for 21 November 1990 in Leipzig but was cancelled after a fatal shooting of a supporter at a game between FC Sachsen Leipzig and FC Berlin by the police on 3 November. West and East Germany had been drawn against each other for the qualifying of the 1992 UEFA European Football Championship but the latter was withdrawn because of the German reunification.", "title": "East Germany–West Germany football rivalry" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "NATO has added new members seven times since its founding in 1949, and since 2017 NATO has had 29 members. Twelve countries were part of the founding of NATO: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In 1952, Greece and Turkey became members of the Alliance, joined later by West Germany (in 1955) and Spain (in 1982). In 1990, with the reunification of Germany, NATO grew to include the former country of East Germany. Between 1994 and 1997, wider forums for regional cooperation between NATO and its neighbors were set up, including the Partnership for Peace, the Mediterranean Dialogue initiative and the Euro - Atlantic Partnership Council. In 1997, three former Warsaw Pact countries, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Poland, were invited to join NATO. After this fourth enlargement in 1999, the Vilnius group of The Baltics and seven East European countries formed in May 2000 to cooperate and lobby for further NATO membership. Seven of these countries joined in the fifth enlargement in 2004. The Adriatic States Albania and Croatia joined in the sixth enlargement in 2009, Montenegro in 2017.", "title": "Member states of NATO" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Jerusalem", "id": 158247, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "What was the proposed new destination for the embassy?" }, { "answer": "Abu Ubaidah", "id": 71142, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "who led the muslim forces that retook #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Both the Qing viceroy and the Taiping king resided in buildings that would later be known as the Presidential Palace. When Qing forces led by Zeng Guofan retook the city in 1864, a massive slaughter occurred in the city with over 100,000 estimated to have committed suicide or fought to the death. Since the Taiping Rebellion began, Qing forces allowed no rebels speaking its dialect to surrender. This policy of mass murder of civilians occurred in Nanjing.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Project Daedalus was a study conducted between 1973 and 1978 by the British Interplanetary Society to design a plausible unmanned interstellar spacecraft. Intended mainly as a scientific probe, the design criteria specified that the spacecraft had to use existing or near-future technology and had to be able to reach its destination within a human lifetime. Alan Bond led a team of scientists and engineers who proposed using a fusion rocket to reach Barnard's Star 5.9 light years away. The trip was estimated to take 50 years, but the design was required to be flexible enough that it could be sent to any other target star.", "title": "Project Daedalus" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1113 Toghtekin of Damascus, tired of the ravages by the Christian forces against his territories, appealed to Mawdud to join him to invade the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The two pillaged Galilee and besieged Tiberias, though without being able to capture it. On June 28, however, the Muslims defeated King Baldwin I of Jerusalem's army at the Battle of Al-Sannabra. Reinforcements saved the Christian forces from total annihilation and prevented the Muslim commanders from exploiting the victory, and ultimately forced them to retreat to Damascus due to a lack of supplies.", "title": "Mawdud" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and retook the Netherlands. The republican forces fled to France, but then successfully re-invaded alongside the army of the French republic. After the French Republic became the French Empire under Napoleon, the Batavian Republic was replaced by the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland.", "title": "Dutch Republic" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotiate for the release of the hostages, and a failed rescue attempt, helped force Carter out of office and brought Ronald Reagan to power. On Jimmy Carter's final day in office, the last hostages were finally set free as a result of the Algiers Accords.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kushla (Кушла) is a village in southern Bulgaria, Zlatograd municipality, Smolyan Province, located near the border with Greece. In the Ottoman times the town was called Ugurli in Turkish and Kotyli in Greek. In 1918 the village was part of the Satres (bulg. Sinikovo) community. Following Greek and Bulgarian independence, the former town and its 350 families was divided between the countries in the Neuilly treaty in 1922 until 1941 when the Axis powers opened the borders briefly up to 1944 when Greece retook Kotyli and the local Bulgarian Muslims were since schooled in Greek language. The other part of the village lies in the Xanthi regional unit of Greece as Kotyli (Kozludzha). The villages have a Pomak (Bulgarian Muslim) majority.", "title": "Kushla" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Siege of Germanicia or Marash was led by Muslim forces of the Rashidun Caliphate during their campaigns in Anatolia in 638. The city surrendered without much bloodshed. This expedition is important because it marks the end of the military career of the legendary Arab Muslim general Khalid ibn Walid, who was dismissed from the army a few months after his return from the expedition.", "title": "Siege of Germanicia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Over two centuries after the removal of the capital to Beijing, Nanjing was destined to become the capital of a Ming emperor one more time. After the fall of Beijing to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and then to the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in the spring of 1644, the Ming prince Zhu Yousong was enthroned in Nanjing in June 1644 as the Hongguang Emperor. His short reign was described by later historians as the first reign of the so-called Southern Ming dynasty.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city went through serious troubles in the mid-fourteenth century. On the one hand were the decimation of the population by the Black Death of 1348 and subsequent years of epidemics — and on the other, the series of wars and riots that followed. Among these were the War of the Union, a citizen revolt against the excesses of the monarchy, led by Valencia as the capital of the kingdom — and the war with Castile, which forced the hurried raising of a new wall to resist Castilian attacks in 1363 and 1364. In these years the coexistence of the three communities that occupied the city—Christian, Jewish and Muslim — was quite contentious. The Jews who occupied the area around the waterfront had progressed economically and socially, and their quarter gradually expanded its boundaries at the expense of neighbouring parishes. Meanwhile, Muslims who remained in the city after the conquest were entrenched in a Moorish neighbourhood next to the present-day market Mosen Sorel. In 1391 an uncontrolled mob attacked the Jewish quarter, causing its virtual disappearance and leading to the forced conversion of its surviving members to Christianity. The Muslim quarter was attacked during a similar tumult among the populace in 1456, but the consequences were minor.", "title": "Valencia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Formerly proposed for a launch in 2020, the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM) was a joint NASA/ESA proposal for exploration of Jupiter's moons. In February 2009 it was announced that ESA/NASA had given this mission priority ahead of the Titan Saturn System Mission. ESA's contribution still faced funding competition from other ESA projects. EJSM consisted of the NASA-led Jupiter Europa Orbiter, the ESA-led Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter, and possibly a JAXA-led Jupiter Magnetospheric Orbiter.", "title": "Callisto (moon)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Islamic conquests reached their peak in the mid-8th century. The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Poitiers in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty and its replacement by the Abbasid dynasty. The Abbasids moved their capital to Baghdad and were more concerned with the Middle East than Europe, losing control of sections of the Muslim lands. Umayyad descendants took over the Iberian Peninsula, the Aghlabids controlled North Africa, and the Tulunids became rulers of Egypt. By the middle of the 8th century, new trading patterns were emerging in the Mediterranean; trade between the Franks and the Arabs replaced the old Roman patterns of trade. Franks traded timber, furs, swords and slaves in return for silks and other fabrics, spices, and precious metals from the Arabs.", "title": "Middle Ages" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1499–1501) was a series of uprisings by the Muslim population of the Kingdom of Granada, Crown of Castile (formerly, the Emirate of Granada) against their Catholic rulers. They began in 1499 in the city of Granada in response to mass forced conversion of the Muslim population to the Catholic faith, which were perceived as violations of the 1491 Treaty of Granada. The uprising in the city quickly died down, but it was followed by more serious revolts in the nearby mountainous area of the Alpujarras. The Catholic forces, on some occasions led personally by King Ferdinand, succeeded in suppressing the revolts and inflicted severe punishment on the Muslim population.", "title": "Rebellion of the Alpujarras (1499–1501)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "United Nations Security Council resolution 862, adopted unanimously on 31 August 1993, after recalling resolutions 841 (1993), 861 (1993) and an agreement between the President of Haiti and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Haiti, the Council reaffirmed the international community's commitment to a solution in Haiti and discussed the establishment of a new police force in Haiti under a proposed United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH).", "title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 862" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "India -- South Korea relations India South Korea Diplomatic Mission Embassy of India, Seoul, South Korea Embassy of South Korea, New Delhi, India Envoy Ambassador of India to South Korea Sripriya Ranganathan Ambassador of South Korea to India Shin Bong - kil", "title": "India–South Korea relations" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The battle was fought on Saturday, 22 December 624 (7 Shawwal AH 3 in the Islamic calendar) at the valley located in front of Mount Uhud. It occurred between a force from the Muslim community of Medina led by the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and a force led by Abu Sufyan ibn Harb from Mecca, the town from which many of the Muslims had previously emigrated. The Battle of Uhud was the second military encounter between the Meccans and the Muslims, preceded by the Battle of Badr in 624, where a small Muslim army had defeated a larger Meccan army.", "title": "Battle of Uhud" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 6 December 2017, US President Donald Trump said that he would recognise Jerusalem as Israel's capital and begin the process of moving the embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. This was a departure from previous Security Council resolutions and prevailing international norms (where no state either recognises Jerusalem as a national capital nor has an embassy there).", "title": "United Nations General Assembly resolution ES-10/L.22" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 634, Abu Bakr died and was succeeded by Umar, who continued his own war of conquest. In May 636, Emperor Heraclius launched a major expedition to regain the lost territory, but his army was defeated decisively at the Battle of Yarmouk in August 636. Thereafter, Abu Ubaidah, the Muslim commander - in - chief of the Rashidun army in Syria, held a council of war in early October 636 to discuss future plans. Opinions of objectives varied between the coastal city of Caesarea and Jerusalem. Abu Ubaidah could see the importance of both these cities, which had resisted all Muslim attempts at capture. Unable to decide on the matter, he wrote to Caliph Umar for instructions. In his reply, the caliph ordered them to capture the latter. Accordingly, Abu Ubaidah marched towards Jerusalem from Jabiya, with Khalid ibn Walid and his mobile guard leading the advance. The Muslims arrived at Jerusalem around early November, and the Byzantine garrison withdrew into the fortified city.", "title": "Siege of Jerusalem (636–637)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The city remained in the hands of Christian troops until 1102, when the Almoravids retook the city and restored the Muslim religion. Although the self-styled 'Emperor of All Spain', Alfonso VI of León and Castile, drove them from the city, he was not strong enough to hold it. The Christians set it afire before abandoning it, and the Almoravid Masdali took possession on 5 May 1109. The event was commemorated in a poem by Ibn Khafaja in which he thanked Yusuf ibn Tashfin for the city's liberation.The declining power of the Almoravids coincided with the rise of a new dynasty in North Africa, the Almohads, who seized control of the peninsula from the year 1145, although their entry into Valencia was deterred by Ibn Mardanis, King of Valencia and Murcia until 1171, at which time the city finally fell to the North Africans. The two Muslim dynasties would rule Valencia for more than a century.", "title": "Valencia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By April 1945, China had already been at war with Japan for more than seven years. Both nations were exhausted by years of battles, bombings and blockades. After Japanese victories in Operation Ichi-Go, Japan were losing the battle in Burma and facing constant attacks from Chinese Nationalists forces and Communist guerrillas in the country side. The Japanese army began preparations for the Battle of West Hunan in March 1945. Japanese mobilized 34th, 47th, 64th, 68th and 116th Divisions, as well as the 86th Independent Brigade, for a total of 80,000 men to seize Chinese airfields and secure railroads in West Hunan by early April. In response, the Chinese National Military Council dispatched the 4th Front Army and the 10th and 27th Army Groups with He Yingqin as commander-in-chief. At the same time, it airlifted the entire Chinese New 6th Corps, an American-equipped corps and veterans of the Burma Expeditionary Force, from Kunming to Zhijiang. Chinese forces totaled 110,000 men in 20 divisions. They were supported by about 400 aircraft from Chinese and American air forces. Chinese forces achieved a decisive victory and launched a large counterattack in this campaign. Concurrently, the Chinese managed to repel a Japanese offensive in Henan and Hubei. Afterwards, Chinese forces retook Hunan and Hubei provinces in South China. Chinese launched a counter offensive to retake Guangxi which was the last major Japanese stronghold in South China. In August 1945, Chinese forces successfully retook Guangxi.[citation needed]", "title": "Pacific War" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Like other settled, agrarian societies in history, those in the Indian subcontinent have been attacked by nomadic tribes throughout its long history. In evaluating the impact of Islam on the sub-continent, one must note that the northwestern sub-continent was a frequent target of tribes raiding from Central Asia. In that sense, the Muslim intrusions and later Muslim invasions were not dissimilar to those of the earlier invasions during the 1st millennium. What does however, make the Muslim intrusions and later Muslim invasions different is that unlike the preceding invaders who assimilated into the prevalent social system, the successful Muslim conquerors retained their Islamic identity and created new legal and administrative systems that challenged and usually in many cases superseded the existing systems of social conduct and ethics, even influencing the non-Muslim rivals and common masses to a large extent, though non-Muslim population was left to their own laws and customs. They also introduced new cultural codes that in some ways were very different from the existing cultural codes. This led to the rise of a new Indian culture which was mixed in nature, though different from both the ancient Indian culture and later westernized modern Indian culture. At the same time it must be noted that overwhelming majority of Muslims in India are Indian natives converted to Islam. This factor also played an important role in the synthesis of cultures.", "title": "History of India" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Paris", "id": 146919, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Where did Marcel Bich live when he died?" }, { "answer": "Charles de Gaulle Airport", "id": 29244, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "What is the busiest airport in #1 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Los Cabos International Airport (IATA: SJD, ICAO: MMSD) is the sixth - busiest airport in Mexico, located at San José del Cabo in Los Cabos Municipality, Baja California Sur state, Mexico.", "title": "Los Cabos International Airport" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Casablanca's main airport is Mohammed V International Airport, Morocco's busiest airport. Regular domestic flights serve Marrakech, Rabat, Agadir, Oujda, Tangier, Al Hoceima, and Laayoune, as well as other cities.", "title": "Casablanca" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yinchuan Hedong International Airport is the primary airport serving Yinchuan, the capital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. It is located southeast of downtown Yinchuan in the town of Linghe of Lingwu City. A relatively small airport compared to many airports in China, it nevertheless is the autonomous region's main aviation gateway. Its name \"Hedong\" literally means \"East of the River\" and derives from the airport's location east of the Yellow River. It is connected to over 20 cities by either direct flights, or transferring in Xi'an and Beijing. The terminal building covers a total area of . In 2013, the airport handled 4,247,843 passengers, making it the 39th-busiest airport in China.", "title": "Yinchuan Hedong International Airport" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jones Airport is one of the busiest in the United States. In 2005, it had 347,000 operations, enough to rank it fourth among general aviation (GA) airports and thirtieth among all airports, according to a 2007 FAA report. It also was the busiest in Oklahoma, outranking both Will Rogers World Airport and Tulsa International.", "title": "Richard Lloyd Jones Jr. Airport" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Marcel Bich (; Turin, 29 July 1914 – Paris, 30 May 1994) was a manufacturer and co-founder of Bic, the world's leading producer of ballpoint pens.", "title": "Marcel Bich" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "London is a major international air transport hub with the busiest city airspace in the world. Eight airports use the word London in their name, but most traffic passes through six of these. London Heathrow Airport, in Hillingdon, West London, is the busiest airport in the world for international traffic, and is the major hub of the nation's flag carrier, British Airways. In March 2008 its fifth terminal was opened. There were plans for a third runway and a sixth terminal; however, these were cancelled by the Coalition Government on 12 May 2010.", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport (Indonesian: \"Bandar Udara Internasional Sultan Iskandar Muda\", Acehnese: \"Bandar Udara Antar Nanggroë Sultan Iskandar Muda\"), also called Banda Aceh International Airport (Indonesian: \"Bandar Udara Internasional Banda Aceh\") is the airport located 13,5 kilometres southeast of the capital of Aceh province, Banda Aceh. It is named after the twelfth sultan of Aceh, Iskandar Muda. This airport was formerly called Blangbintang Airport (Indonesian: Bandara Blangbintang), referred to its location in a subdistrict with same name. This airport is listed as the 23rd busiest airport in Indonesia.", "title": "Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heraklion International Airport \"Nikos Kazantzakis\" is the primary airport on the island of Crete, Greece, and the country's second busiest airport after Athens International Airport. It is located about 5 km east of the main city centre of Heraklion, near the municipality of Nea Alikarnassos. It is a shared civil/military facility. The airport is named after Heraklion native Nikos Kazantzakis, a Greek writer and philosopher. Nikos Kazantzakis Airport is Crete's main and busiest airport, serving Heraklion (Ηράκλειο), Aghios Nikolaos (Άγιος Νικόλαος), Malia (Mάλλια), Hersonissos (Χερσόνησος), Stalida (Σταλίδα), Elounda (Ελούντα) and other resorts.", "title": "Heraklion International Airport" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Paris is a major international air transport hub with the 4th busiest airport system in the world. The city is served by three commercial international airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Paris-Orly and Beauvais-Tillé. Together these three airports recorded traffic of 96.5 million passengers in 2014. There is also one general aviation airport, Paris-Le Bourget, historically the oldest Parisian airport and closest to the city centre, which is now used only for private business flights and air shows.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport (commonly known as Winnipeg International Airport or simply Winnipeg Airport) is an international airport located in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It is the seventh busiest airport in Canada by passenger traffic, serving 4,305,744 passengers in 2017, and the 11th busiest airport by aircraft movements. It is a hub for passenger airlines Calm Air, Perimeter Airlines, Flair Airlines, and cargo airline Cargojet. It is also a focus city for WestJet. The airport is co-located with Canadian Forces Base Winnipeg.", "title": "Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport (also called Tullamarine Airport), which is the second busiest in Australia, and the Port of Melbourne is Australia's busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo. Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the main regional train and coach terminus is Southern Cross Station. Melbourne is also home to Australia's most extensive freeway network and has the world's largest urban tram network.", "title": "Melbourne" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport is the busiest airport in the state of Montana, surpassing Billings Logan International Airport in the spring of 2013. Montana's other major Airports include Billings Logan International Airport, Missoula International Airport, Great Falls International Airport, Glacier Park International Airport, Helena Regional Airport, Bert Mooney Airport and Yellowstone Airport. Eight smaller communities have airports designated for commercial service under the Essential Air Service program.", "title": "Montana" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bonaero Park is a southeastern suburb of Kempton Park, Ekurhuleni, in Gauteng province, South Africa. It lies directly next to OR Tambo International Airport, the busiest airport in Africa. Bonaero Park was built in the 1960s to house employees from the nearby military aircraft factory owned by Atlas Aircraft Corporation. In 1992 Atlas was absorbed into a new entity known as Denel, becoming part of Denel Aviation.", "title": "Bonaero Park" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During his annual state-of-the-nation address on September 2, 2014, President of Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto unveiled plans for a new international airport to ease the city's notorious air traffic congestion, tentatively slated for a 2018 opening. The new airport, which would have six runways, will cost $9.15 billion and would be built on vacant federal land east of Mexico City International Airport. Goals are to eventually handle 120 million passengers a year, which would make it the busiest airport in the world.", "title": "Mexico City" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fukuoka Airport is the principal airport on the island of Kyushu and is the fourth busiest passenger airport in Japan. As of 2017, the airport is the fourth busiest single-runway airport in the world by passenger traffic (after Mumbai, London–Gatwick and İstanbul-Sabiha Gökçen). The airport is surrounded by residential areas; flights stop at 10 p.m. at the request of local residents and resume operation at 7 a.m. The domestic terminal is connected to the city by the Fukuoka City Subway, and a subway from the airport to the business district takes less than ten minutes. The international terminal is only accessible by road, although there is scheduled bus service to Hakata Station and the Tenjin area. Alternatives to access the Fukuoka area include Saga Airport and Kitakyushu Airport.", "title": "Fukuoka Airport" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miami International Airport serves as the primary international airport of the Greater Miami Area. One of the busiest international airports in the world, Miami International Airport caters to over 35 million passengers a year. The airport is a major hub and the single largest international gateway for American Airlines. Miami International is the busiest airport in Florida, and is the United States' second-largest international port of entry for foreign air passengers behind New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport, and is the seventh-largest such gateway in the world. The airport's extensive international route network includes non-stop flights to over seventy international cities in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.", "title": "Miami" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The City of Charleston is served by the Charleston International Airport. It is located in the City of North Charleston and is about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of downtown Charleston. It is the busiest passenger airport in South Carolina (IATA: CHS, ICAO: KCHS). The airport shares runways with the adjacent Charleston Air Force Base. Charleston Executive Airport is a smaller airport located in the John's Island section of the city of Charleston and is used by noncommercial aircraft. Both airports are owned and operated by the Charleston County Aviation Authority.", "title": "Charleston, South Carolina" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Purdue University Airport is a public-use airport in Tippecanoe County, Indiana, United States. Owned by Purdue University, the airport is southwest of the central business district of Lafayette, in West Lafayette. Because of the heavy traffic generated by Purdue University and its flight programs, Purdue University Airport is one of the busiest airports in Indiana, second only to Indianapolis International Airport.", "title": "Purdue University Airport" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Orly Airport, located in the southern suburbs of Paris, replaced Le Bourget as the principal airport of Paris from the 1950s to the 1980s. Charles de Gaulle Airport, located on the edge of the northern suburbs of Paris, opened to commercial traffic in 1974 and became the busiest Parisian airport in 1993. Today it is the 4th busiest airport in the world by international traffic, and is the hub for the nation's flag carrier Air France. Beauvais-Tillé Airport, located 69 km (43 mi) north of Paris' city centre, is used by charter airlines and low-cost carriers such as Ryanair.", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Central Wisconsin Airport , referred to as \"C-Way\", is a public airport located southeast of the central business district of Mosinee, in Marathon County, Wisconsin, United States. It is owned by Marathon County and Portage County. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2019–2023, in which it is categorized as a non-hub primary commercial service facility. It is the fifth busiest of eight commercial airports in Wisconsin in terms of passengers served.", "title": "Central Wisconsin Airport" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Australia", "id": 82378, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "where does most of the bauxite come from" }, { "answer": "The Australian Ballet", "id": 158266, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Name one ballet company in #1 ." } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Misty Danielle Copeland (born September 10, 1982) is an American ballet dancer for American Ballet Theatre (ABT), one of the three leading classical ballet companies in the United States. On June 30, 2015, Copeland became the first African American woman to be promoted to principal dancer in ABT's 75 - year history.", "title": "Misty Copeland" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tulsa Ballet is a professional American ballet company located in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The artistic mission of Tulsa Ballet is \"To preserve the tradition of classical ballet, promote the appreciation of contemporary dance, create works of superior and enduring quality, and educate through exemplary performances, training and outreach programs.\" The Company has toured throughout the United States and the world and has received consistent critical acclaim.", "title": "Tulsa Ballet" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tessa Earl is a ballet dancer who has performed as company dancer for many Christian dance companies including Ballet Rejoice and the United States' most well-known Christian dance company, Ballet Magnificat!.", "title": "Tessa Earl" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Laurent Hilaire (born 8 November 1962) is a French ballet dancer. Regarded as one of the greatest dancers to emerge from ballet over the past few decades, he was etoile (principal dancer) of the Paris Opera Ballet for 22 years. From 2011 he was the associate artistic director of the Paris Opera Ballet and a ballet master with the company from 2005 to 2014", "title": "Laurent Hilaire" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Australian literature grew slowly in the decades following European settlement though Indigenous oral traditions, many of which have since been recorded in writing, are much older. 19th-century writers such as Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson captured the experience of the bush using a distinctive Australian vocabulary. Their works are still popular; Paterson's bush poem \"Waltzing Matilda\" (1895) is regarded as Australia's unofficial national anthem. Miles Franklin is the namesake of Australia's most prestigious literary prize, awarded annually to the best novel about Australian life. Its first recipient, Patrick White, went on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1973. Australian winners of the Booker Prize include Peter Carey, Thomas Keneally and Richard Flanagan. Author David Malouf, playwright David Williamson and poet Les Murray are also renowned literary figures.Many of Australia's performing arts companies receive funding through the federal government's Australia Council. There is a symphony orchestra in each state, and a national opera company, Opera Australia, well known for its famous soprano Joan Sutherland. At the beginning of the 20th century, Nellie Melba was one of the world's leading opera singers. Ballet and dance are represented by The Australian Ballet and various state companies. Each state has a publicly funded theatre company.", "title": "Australia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Miami City Ballet is an American ballet company based in Miami Beach, Florida, led by artistic director Lourdes Lopez. MCB was founded in 1985 by Toby Lerner Ansin, a Miami philanthropist. Ansin and the founding board hired Edward Villella, former New York City Ballet principal dancer to be the founding artistic director.", "title": "Miami City Ballet" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He and Alicia joined the American Ballet Theatre in 1940, where they remained until 1948. They returned to Havana and were part of a group called the \"Alicia Alonso Ballet Company,\" where his wife co-founded her own company with him. It later became the Ballet Nacional de Cuba. He separated from Alicia in 1974. In 1975, after he and Alicia divorced. He took control of the Ballet de Camagüey in the city of Camagüey, where he remained until 1992.", "title": "Fernando Alonso (dancer)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kendawangan mine is a large mine located in Indonesia in the province of West Kalimantan. Kendawangan represents one of the largest bauxite reserve in Indonesia and one of the largest in Asia, having estimated reserves of 42 million tonnes.", "title": "Kendawangan mine" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marquise-Thérèse de Gorla, also known under her stage name \"Mademoiselle Du Parc\" (1633 – Paris, 11 December 1668), was a French actress and ballet dancer. She was one of the stars of Molière's company. She was also known for her love affairs and as an object of affection for many famous people.", "title": "Marquise-Thérèse de Gorla" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Coey-Mitchell Automobile Company was an American automobile manufacturer that built the Coey automobiles and operated a chain of American Driving Schools from 1913 to 1917 and was headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The company was founded under the name Coey-Mitchell Automobile Company by Charles A. Coey. The Coey family and their name come from Northern Ireland, where one still finds this name, for example in Comber.", "title": "Coey-Mitchell Automobile Company" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The state has a rich history in ballet with five Native American ballerinas attaining worldwide fame. These were Yvonne Chouteau, sisters Marjorie and Maria Tallchief, Rosella Hightower and Moscelyne Larkin, known collectively as the Five Moons. The New York Times rates the Tulsa Ballet as one of the top ballet companies in the United States. The Oklahoma City Ballet and University of Oklahoma's dance program were formed by ballerina Yvonne Chouteau and husband Miguel Terekhov. The University program was founded in 1962 and was the first fully accredited program of its kind in the United States.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Rank Country / Region Bauxite (thousand tonnes) World 300,000 Australia 83,000 China 68,000 Guinea 45,000 Brazil 36,000 India 19,000 6 Jamaica 9,800 7 Kazakhstan 5,500 8 Russia 5,300 9 Suriname 2,700 10 Venezuela 2,200 11 Greece 2,100 12 Guyana 1,800 13 Vietnam 1,000 14 Indonesia 500 Other Countries 4,760", "title": "List of countries by bauxite production" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ballet is a 1995 American documentary film directed by Frederick Wiseman. It portrays rehearsals, choreography, performances, business transactions, and other day-to-day life of the American Ballet Theatre. Much of the footage dates from the 1992 season. It also includes scenes from the company's European tour, namely in Greece and Copenhagen.", "title": "Ballet (film)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anna Pavlovna (Matveyevna) Pavlova (Russian: Анна Павловна (Матвеевна) Павлова; February 12 (O.S. January 31) 1881 -- January 23, 1931) was a Russian prima ballerina of the late 19th and the early 20th centuries. She was a principal artist of the Imperial Russian Ballet and the Ballets Russes of Sergei Diaghilev. Pavlova is most recognized for the creation of the role The Dying Swan and, with her own company, became the first ballerina to tour ballet around the world.", "title": "Anna Pavlova" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Les Rendezvous is a plotless one-act ballet created in 1933, with choreography by Frederick Ashton to the music of Daniel Auber (the ballet music from his opera \"L'enfant prodigue\") arranged by Constant Lambert and with designs by William Chappell. It was the first major ballet created by Ashton for the Vic-Wells company.", "title": "Les Rendezvous" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He studied at the Moscow ballet class at the theatre school of the Moscow Imperial troupe. In 1912 he was invited by Sergei Diaghilev to his troupe Ballets russes. Zverev participated in the Ballets russes from 1912 or 1913 to 1926. Among his roles were Slave (\"Scheherazade\", Michel Fokine’s ballet), Cossack Chief (La Boutique fantasque, 1919), one of the men (Les biches, 1924) etc.", "title": "Nicolas Zverev" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Violette Verdy (born Nelly Armande Guillerm; 1 December 1933 – 8 February 2016) was a French ballerina, choreographer, teacher, and writer who worked as a dance company director with the Paris Opera Ballet in France and the Boston Ballet in the United States. From 1958 to 1977 she was a principal dancer with the New York City Ballet where she performed in the world premieres of several works created specifically for her by choreographers George Balanchine and Jerome Robbins. She was Distinguished Professor of Music (Ballet) at the Jacobs School of Music, Indiana University, in Bloomington, and the recipient of two medals from the French government.", "title": "Violette Verdy" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hugh Laing (6 June 191110 May 1988) was one of the most significant dramatic ballet dancers of the 20th-century. He danced with Marie Rambert's Ballet Club and New York City Ballet. He was the partner of choreographer Antony Tudor.", "title": "Hugh Laing" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carmen is a ballet created by Roland Petit and his company 'Les Ballets de Paris' at the Prince's Theatre in London on 21 February 1949, which has entered the repertory of ballet companies in France and around the world. This version is in five scenes and represents a striking admixture of classical ballet, Spanish-style movement, mime, and freshly invented dramatic dance action.", "title": "Carmen (1949 ballet)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ballet Jörgen Canada (branded Canada's Ballet Jörgen) is Canada's fifth largest ballet company and the nation's only major ballet company with a repertoire consisting exclusively of original works. It was founded in 1987 by Susan Bodie and Bengt Jörgen and is based in Toronto, Ontario. The company also has hubs in Ottawa, Hamilton, Kitchener-Waterloo, and Halifax. Many of Canada's Ballet Jörgen ballets have earned national and international recognition propelling the company to the forefront of the North American dance scene.", "title": "Ballet Jörgen Canada" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Queen Victoria", "id": 15368, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Who did Elizabeth surpass in longest lived British monarch?" }, { "answer": "palace was seldom used, even neglected", "id": 17873, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "What happened to Buckingham after #1 left?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Final Frontier is the fifteenth studio album by British heavy metal band Iron Maiden. It was released on 13 August 2010 in Germany, Austria and Finland, 17 August in North America, 18 August in Japan, and 16 August worldwide. At 76 minutes and 34 seconds, it is the band's second-longest studio album to date, a duration surpassed only by 2015's \"The Book of Souls\".", "title": "The Final Frontier" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mahmut Celâl Bayar (16 May 1883 – 22 August 1986) was a Turkish politician, who was the third President of Turkey from 1950 to 1960; previously he was Prime Minister of Turkey from 1937 to 1939. Bayar, as the Turkish President, was decorated with the Legion of Merit by the President of the United States, as a result of Turkey's participation in the Korean War. He is considered to be the longest-lived former head of state and was the longest-lived state leader until 8 December 2008 (when he was surpassed by Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum). Celal Bayar died on 22 August 1986 at the age of 103 after a brief illness.", "title": "Celâl Bayar" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Canada's Constitution Act, 1982 was signed into law by Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada on April 17, 1982 on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Queen Elizabeth's constitutional powers over Canada were not affected by the Act, and she remains Queen and Head of State of Canada. Canada has complete sovereignty as an independent country, however, and the Queen's role as monarch of Canada is separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms.", "title": "Canada Act 1982" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elizabeth's many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and reciprocal visits to and from the Pope. She has seen major constitutional changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. She has also reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms. She is the world's oldest reigning monarch as well as Britain's longest-lived. In 2015, she surpassed the reign of her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-reigning British head of state and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history.", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since its debut on December 17, 1989, 639 episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast. Its 29th season began on October 1, 2017. It is the longest - running American sitcom and the longest - running American animated program, and, in 2009, it surpassed Gunsmoke as the longest - running American scripted primetime television series in terms of seasons and surpassed the Western in terms of episodes in 2018. The Simpsons Movie, a feature - length film, was released in theaters worldwide on July 27, 2007, and grossed over $527 million. On November 4, 2016, the series was renewed for a twenty - ninth and thirtieth season, extending the show to May 2019.", "title": "The Simpsons" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Royal Collection, which includes thousands of historic works of art and the Crown Jewels, is not owned by the Queen personally but is held in trust, as are her official residences, such as Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle, and the Duchy of Lancaster, a property portfolio valued in 2014 at £442 million. Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle are privately owned by the Queen. The British Crown Estate – with holdings of £9.4 billion in 2014 – is held in trust by the sovereign and cannot be sold or owned by Elizabeth in a private capacity.", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The oldest living U.S. president is George H.W. Bush, born June 12, 1924 (age 93 years, 261 days). On November 25, 2017, he also became the longest - lived president, surpassing the lifespan of Gerald Ford, who died at the age of 93 years, 165 days. The second oldest living president, Jimmy Carter, has the distinction of having the longest post-presidency in U.S. history, currently at 37 years, 39 days. He surpassed the previous record, held by Herbert Hoover (31 years, 230 days) on September 7, 2012. The youngest living president is Barack Obama, born August 4, 1961 (age 56 years, 208 days).", "title": "List of presidents of the United States by age" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: \"These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business.\" Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Queen Anne, the last monarch of the House of Stuart, died in 1714, with no living children. Under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701, she was succeeded by her second cousin George I of the House of Hanover, who was a descendant of the Stuarts through his maternal grandmother, Elizabeth, a daughter of James VI and I. The Hanoverian victory at Culloden halted the Jacobite intent to overthrow the House of Hanover and restore the House of Stuart to the British throne; Charles Stuart never again tried to challenge Hanoverian power in Great Britain. The conflict was the last pitched battle fought on British soil.", "title": "Battle of Culloden" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George III found St James's increasingly unsuitable. The Tudor palace was regarded as uncomfortable and too cramped for his ever - growing family. In 1762 George purchased Buckingham House -- the predecessor to Buckingham Palace -- for his queen, Charlotte of Mecklenburg - Strelitz The royal family began to spend the majority of their time at Buckingham House, with St James's being used for only the most formal of occasions; thrice - weekly levées and public audiences were still held there. In the late 18th century, George III refurbished the state apartments but neglected the living quarters. Queen Victoria formalised the move in 1837, ending St James's status as the primary residence of the monarch. It was nevertheless where Victoria married her husband, Prince Albert, in 1840, and where, eighteen years later, Victoria and Albert's eldest child, Princess Victoria, married her husband, Prince Frederick of Prussia.", "title": "St James's Palace" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dominion of Fiji was the official name of Fiji between October 1970 and 6 October 1987. When British rule ended in 1970, the Fijian Islands were given independence as a Dominion, in which the British monarch, Elizabeth II, remained head of state as Queen of Fiji, represented by the Governor-General. The Republic of Fiji, removing Elizabeth II as head of state, was proclaimed on 6 October 1987 after two military coups.", "title": "Dominion of Fiji" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as The Queen's House. During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At her Silver Jubilee in 1977, the crowds and celebrations were genuinely enthusiastic, but in the 1980s, public criticism of the royal family increased, as the personal and working lives of Elizabeth's children came under media scrutiny. Elizabeth's popularity sank to a low point in the 1990s. Under pressure from public opinion, she began to pay income tax for the first time, and Buckingham Palace was opened to the public. Discontent with the monarchy reached its peak on the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, though Elizabeth's personal popularity and support for the monarchy rebounded after her live television broadcast to the world five days after Diana's death.", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "When her father died in February 1952, she became Head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon. She has reigned through major constitutional changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation, and the decolonisation of Africa. Between 1956 and 1992, the number of her realms varied as territories gained independence and realms, including South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon (renamed Sri Lanka), became republics. Her many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and visits to or from five popes. Significant events have included her coronation in 1953 and the celebrations of her Silver, Golden, and Diamond Jubilees in 1977, 2002, and 2012 respectively. In 2017, she became the first British monarch to reach a Sapphire Jubilee. She is the longest - lived and longest - reigning British monarch as well as the world's longest - reigning queen regnant and female head of state, the oldest and longest - reigning current monarch and the longest - serving current head of state.", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The oldest living U.S. president is George H.W. Bush, born June 12, 1924 (age 93 years, 346 days). On November 25, 2017, he also became the longest - lived president, surpassing the lifespan of Gerald Ford, who died at the age of 93 years, 165 days. The second oldest living president, Jimmy Carter, has the distinction of having the longest post-presidency in U.S. history, currently at 37 years, 124 days. He surpassed the previous record, held by Herbert Hoover (31 years, 230 days) on September 7, 2012. The youngest living president is Barack Obama, born August 4, 1961 (age 56 years, 293 days).", "title": "List of presidents of the United States by age" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife (Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar; 20 February 1867 – 4 January 1931) was the third child and the eldest daughter of the British king Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark; she was a younger sister of George V. She was the eldest granddaughter of Christian IX of Denmark. In 1905, her father gave her the title of Princess Royal, which is usually bestowed on the eldest daughter of the British monarch if there is no living holder (e.g. the monarch's sister, designated in the previous reign).", "title": "Louise, Princess Royal" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Queen surpassed her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-lived British monarch in December 2007, and the longest-reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015. She was celebrated in Canada as the \"longest-reigning sovereign in Canada's modern era\". (King Louis XIV of France reigned over part of Canada for longer.) She is the longest-reigning queen regnant in history, the world's oldest reigning monarch and second-longest-serving current head of state after King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand.", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as \"The Queen's House\". During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 9 March 2016, The Sun's front page proclaimed that Queen Elizabeth II was backing \"Brexit\", a common term for a British withdrawal from the European Union. It claimed that in 2011 at Windsor Castle, while having lunch with Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg, the monarch criticised the union. Clegg denied that the Queen made such a statement, and a Buckingham Palace spokesperson confirmed that a complaint had been made to the Independent Press Standards Organisation over a breach of guidelines relating to accuracy.", "title": "The Sun (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The longest - lived British monarch and ruler is Queen Elizabeth II, the current monarch, who is aged 7004334780000000000 ♠ 91 years, 240 days.", "title": "List of British monarchy records" } ]

[ "palace", "Palace" ]

[ { "answer": "Pakistan", "id": 55129, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "who are the defending champions of champions trophy" }, { "answer": "207.77 million people", "id": 80460, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "what is the current population of #1 2017" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nikolay Strunnikov was defending champion and prolonged his title. He had the lowest number of points awarded, won all the four distances and became World champion.", "title": "1911 World Allround Speed Skating Championships" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 NFL season is the 98th and current season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42 -- 27 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season will conclude on February 4, 2018, with Super Bowl LII which will pit the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Philadelphia Eagles against the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots.", "title": "2017 NFL season" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 2016 -- 17 season, and the culmination of the 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion and defending Stanley Cup champion Pittsburgh Penguins defeated the Western Conference champion Nashville Predators, four games to two. Penguins captain Sidney Crosby was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as most valuable player of the playoffs for the second consecutive year.", "title": "2017 Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The defending world champion was Isolde Kostner of Italy, while Germany's Hilde Gerg was the defending World Cup Super G champion.", "title": "Alpine skiing at the 1998 Winter Olympics – Women's super-G" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Iván Pozo (born 26 August 1979, Vigo, Spain) is a retired Spanish professional boxer. Pozo is a former EBU European Flyweight champion and former WBO Inter-Continental Flyweight champion. He currently fights at bantamweight and defended his WBC Mundo Hispano title by defeating Adonis Rivas by unanimous decision on March 4, 2011.", "title": "Iván Pozo" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "ICC Champions Trophy Tournament logo Administrator International Cricket Council Format One Day International First tournament 1998 (Bangladesh) Last tournament 2017 (England, Wales) Next tournament 2021 (India) Tournament format Round - robin and knockout Number of teams 13 (all tournaments) 8 (most recent) Current champion Pakistan (1st title) Most successful Australia India (2 times winner each) India shared the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with Sri Lanka. Most runs Chris Gayle (791) Most wickets Kyle Mills (28) Website Official Website", "title": "ICC Champions Trophy" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 21 tournaments held, 79 nations have appeared at least once. Of these, 13 have made it to the final match, and eight have won. With five titles, Brazil is the most successful World Cup team and also the only nation to have participated in every World Cup finals tournament. Italy and Germany have four titles. Current champion France, along with past champions Uruguay and Argentina, have two titles each, while England and Spain have one each. The team that wins the finals receive the FIFA World Cup Trophy, and their name is engraved on the bottom side of the trophy.", "title": "List of FIFA World Cup finals" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "World Series The Commissioner's Trophy is awarded to the team that wins the World Series. First played 1903 Most recently played 2017 Current champions Houston Astros (2017) (1st title) Current runners - up Los Angeles Dodgers Most titles New York Yankees (27)", "title": "World Series" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 ICC Champions Trophy was the eighth ICC Champions Trophy, a cricket tournament for the eight top - ranked One Day International (ODI) teams in the world. It was held in England and Wales from 1 June to 18 June 2017. Pakistan won the competition for the first time with a 180 - run victory over India in the final at The Oval. The margin of victory was the largest by any team in the final of an ICC ODI tournament in terms of runs.", "title": "2017 ICC Champions Trophy" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "US Open Women's Singles Champions Location Queens -- New York City Unites States Venue USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center Governing body USTA Created 1887; 130 years ago (1887) Editions 130 (2017) Open Era: 50 (2017) Surface Grass (1887 -- 1974) Clay (1975 -- 1977) Hard (1978 -- present) Prize money Total: US $36,324,000 (2016) Winner: US $3,500,000 (2016) Trophy US Open Trophy Website Official website Most titles Amateur era 8: Molla Bjurstedt Mallory Open era 6: Chris Evert 6: Serena Williams Most consecutive titles Amateur era 4: Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 4: Helen Jacobs Open era 4: Chris Evert Current champion 2017: Sloane Stephens", "title": "List of US Open women's singles champions" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1st Conference of the 6th Season of the Philippines Shakey's V-League will start on April 19 at the Filoil Flying V Arena. Teams include defending champion and current NCAA champion San Sebastian, UAAP runner-up FEU, NCRAA champion Lyceum. Two Visayan teams, CESAFI champion USJ-R, and USLS, join at the quarterfinals. UAAP champion La Salle decided not to compete and took a leave of absence; UP replaced the Lady Archers to complete the eight-team elimination round roster.", "title": "V-League 6th Season 1st Conference" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tournament India Pakistan World Cup 2 (1983, 2011) 1 (1992) World Twenty20 1 (2007) 1 (2009) Champions Trophy 2 (2002, 2013) 1 (2017)", "title": "India–Pakistan cricket rivalry" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 NFL season is the 98th and current season in the history of the National Football League (NFL). The season began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42 -- 27 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season will conclude with Super Bowl LII, the league's championship game, on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "title": "2017 NFL season" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current champion is Jordan Spieth, who won the 146th Open at Royal Birkdale in 2017 with a score of 268.", "title": "The Open Championship" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Émilie Trimoreau is a French football defender currently playing for FCF Juvisy in the French First Division. She has also played the Champions League.", "title": "Émilie Trimoreau" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wimbledon Gentlemen's Singles Champions Location London United Kingdom Venue AELTC Governing body AELTC Created 1877 (established) Editions Tournaments staged: (132 editions) Open Era: 1968 (50 editions) Surface Grass (1877 -- present) Prize money £2,200,000 (2017) Trophy Gentleman's Singles Trophy Website wimbledon.com Most titles Amateur era 7: William Renshaw (challenge round) 3: Fred Perry (regular) Open era 8: Roger Federer Most consecutive titles Amateur era 6: William Renshaw (challenge round) 3: Fred Perry (regular) Open era 5: Björn Borg 5: Roger Federer Current champion Novak Djokovic (Fourth title)", "title": "List of Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champions" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Stanley Cup Finals was the championship series of the National Hockey League's (NHL) 2016 -- 17 season, and the culmination of the 2017 Stanley Cup playoffs. The Eastern Conference champion and defending Stanley Cup champion Pittsburgh Penguins defeated the Western Conference champion Nashville Predators, four games to two. Penguins captain Sidney Crosby was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs for the second consecutive year. The Penguins won the Stanley Cup in their opponent's rink, just like they did the previous four times.", "title": "2017 Stanley Cup Finals" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League finals European Cup / Champions League trophy Founded 1955 Region Europe (UEFA) Number of teams 32 (group stage) 2 (finalists) Current champions Real Madrid (12th title) Most successful club (s) Real Madrid (12 titles) 2017 -- 18 UEFA Champions League", "title": "List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League finals" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Pakistan's estimated population as of August 25, 2017 was 207.77 million people, making it the world's fifth-most - populous country, just behind Indonesia and slightly ahead of Brazil. During 1950 -- 2011, Pakistan's urban population expanded over sevenfold, while the total population increased by over fourfold. In the past, the country's population had a relatively high growth rate that has been changed by moderate birth rates. Between 1998 - 2017, the average population growth rate stood at 2.40%.", "title": "Demographics of Pakistan" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 NFL season, the 98th and current season in the history of the National Football League (NFL), began on September 7, 2017, with the Kansas City Chiefs defeating the defending Super Bowl LI champion New England Patriots 42 -- 27 in the NFL Kickoff Game. The season will conclude with Super Bowl LII, the league's championship game, on February 4, 2018, at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "title": "2017 NFL season" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "the Atlantic Ocean", "id": 80375, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "what ocean is off the east coast of the united states" }, { "answer": "Milwaukee Deep", "id": 90181, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "what is the deepest part of #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pacific Ocean, the moisture - laden air above it, and the storms moving from it over the Oregon coast, are major factors in the state's precipitation patterns. As humid ocean air flows east from the ocean and encounters the Coast Range, it rises steeply, cools, and loses moisture through condensation, which produces heavy rain. The heaviest precipitation in the state occurs at 2,000 to 4,000 feet (610 to 1,220 m) above sea level in these coastal mountains. At lower elevations along the coast, orographic precipitation is less intense but still produces 60 to 80 inches (1,500 to 2,000 mm) a year.", "title": "Climate of Oregon" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench, located in the western Pacific Ocean approximately 200 kilometres (124 mi) east of the Mariana Islands, is the deepest point in the world's oceans. It is a crescent - shaped trough in the Earth's crust averaging about 2,550 km (1,580 mi) long and 69 km (43 mi) wide. The maximum - known depth is 10,994 metres (36,070 ft) (± 40 metres (130 ft)) at the southern end of a small slot - shaped valley in its floor known as the Challenger Deep. However, some, unrepeated, measurements place the deepest portion at 11,034 metres (36,201 ft). For comparison: if Mount Everest were dropped into the trench at this point, its peak would still be over 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) underwater.", "title": "Mariana Trench" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "King Haakon VII Sea () is a proposed name for part of the Southern Ocean on the coast of East Antarctica.", "title": "King Haakon VII Sea" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The East Coast of the United States is the coastline along which the Eastern United States meets the North Atlantic Ocean. This area is also known as the Eastern Seaboard, the Atlantic Coast and the Atlantic Seaboard. The coastal states that have shoreline on the Atlantic Ocean are, from north to south, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida.", "title": "East Coast of the United States" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, an average of 200 kilometres (124 mi) to the east of the Mariana Islands, in the Western Pacific east of Philippines. It is a crescent - shaped scar in the Earth's crust, and measures about 2,550 km (1,580 mi) long and 69 km (43 mi) wide on average. It reaches a maximum - known depth of 10,994 metres (36,070 ft) (± 40 metres (130 ft)) at a small slot - shaped valley in its floor known as the Challenger Deep, at its southern end, although some unrepeated measurements place the deepest portion at 11,034 metres (36,201 ft). For comparison: if Mount Everest were dropped into the trench at this point, its peak would still be over 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) underwater. In 2009, the Marianas Trench was established as a United States National Monument.", "title": "Mariana Trench" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The climate of the United States varies due to differences in latitude, and a range of geographic features, including mountains and deserts. West of the 100th meridian, much of the US is semi-arid to desert in the far southwestern US, and Mediterranean along the California coast. East of the 100th meridian, the climate is humid continental in the northern areas east through New England, to humid subtropical in the Gulf and South Atlantic regions. Southern Florida is tropical, as is Hawaii and the US Virgin Islands. Higher - elevation areas of the Rocky Mountains, the Wasatch, Sierra Nevada, and Cascade Range are alpine. The West Coast areas in coastal Oregon and Washington are oceanic climate. The state of Alaska, on the northwestern corner of the North American continent, is largely subarctic climate, but with a subpolar oceanic climate in the southeast (Alaska Panhandle), southwestern peninsula and Aleutian Islands.", "title": "Climate of the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Siuslaw River ( ) is a river, about long, that flows to the Pacific Ocean coast of Oregon in the United States. It drains an area of about in the Central Oregon Coast Range southwest of the Willamette Valley and north of the watershed of the Umpqua River.", "title": "Siuslaw River" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient cycles dependent on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States. According to one of the researchers, \"You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are.\"", "title": "Bacteria" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hells Canyon is a 10 - mile (16 km) wide canyon located along the border of eastern Oregon, eastern Washington and western Idaho in the United States. It is part of the Hells Canyon National Recreation Area and is North America's deepest river gorge at 7,993 feet (2,436 m).", "title": "Hells Canyon" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Yaiza is a municipality on the island of Lanzarote in the Canary Islands, Spain. It lies in the southwest of the island and forms part of the province of Las Palmas. The municipality is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, south and east. To the north, the Timanfaya National Park is partly within the municipality. The eastern part of the municipality is mountainous and, south west of the mountains, the Rubicon plain stretches to the coast.", "title": "Yaiza (municipality)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The West Coast or Pacific Coast is the coastline along which the contiguous Western United States meets the North Pacific Ocean. As a region, this term most often refers to the coastal states of California, Oregon and Washington. More specifically, it refers to an area defined on the east by the Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada and Mojave Desert, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The U.S. Census groups the five states of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and Hawaii together as the Pacific States division. The west coast except Alaska is overwhelmingly liberal compared to the rest of the United States.", "title": "West Coast of the United States" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bullards Bridge (or simply Bullards Bridge) is a vertical-lift bridge that spans the Coquille River near where the river empties into the Pacific Ocean, just north of Bandon, Oregon, United States. One of only two vertical-lift bridges on the Oregon Coast Highway (U.S. Route 101), it was completed in 1954. The lift span is flanked by two camelback truss spans. It is located immediately east of Bullards Beach State Park.", "title": "Bullards Bridge" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Puerto Rico Trench is located on the boundary between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The oceanic trench is associated with a complex transition between the Lesser Antilles subduction zone to the south and the major transform fault zone or plate boundary, which extends west between Cuba and Hispaniola through the Cayman Trench to the coast of Central America. The trench is 800 kilometres (497 mi) long and has a maximum depth of 8,648 metres (28,373 ft) or 5.373 miles at Milwaukee Deep, which is the deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean and the deepest point not in the Pacific Ocean.", "title": "Puerto Rico Trench" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, an average of 200 kilometres (124 mi) to the east of the Mariana Islands, in the Western Pacific East of Philippines. It is a crescent - shaped scar in the Earth's crust, and measures about 2,550 km (1,580 mi) long and 69 km (43 mi) wide on average. It reaches a maximum - known depth of 10,994 metres (36,070 ft) (± 40 metres (130 ft)) at a small slot - shaped valley in its floor known as the Challenger Deep, at its southern end, although some unrepeated measurements place the deepest portion at 11,034 metres (36,201 ft). For comparison - if Mount Everest were dropped into the trench at this point, its peak would still be over 1.6 kilometres (1 mi) underwater. In 2009, Marianas Trench was established as a United States National Monument.", "title": "Mariana Trench" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sunda Trench, earlier known as, and sometimes still indicated as the Java Trench, is located near Sumatra, formed where the Australian Plate subducts under a part of the Eurasian Plate. With a length of 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi). The maximum depth of 7,725 metres (25,344 ft) (at 10 ° 19'S, 109 ° 58'E, about 320 km south of Yogyakarta), is the deepest point in the Indian Ocean. The trench stretches from the Lesser Sunda Islands past Java, around the southern coast of Sumatra on to the Andaman Islands, and forms the boundary between Indo - Australian Plate and Eurasian plate (more specifically, Sunda Plate). The trench is considered to be part of the Pacific Ring of Fire as well as one of a ring of oceanic trenches around the northern edges of the Australian Plate.", "title": "Sunda Trench" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pikes Peak Ocean to Ocean Highway was an early coast-to-coast highway in the United States. Begun early in 1912 the route went from New York City to Los Angeles. It was in direct competition with the Lincoln Highway and the National Old Trails Road. It route markers were marked PP-OO.", "title": "Pikes Peak Ocean to Ocean Highway" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The West Coast or Pacific Coast is the coastline along which the contiguous Western United States meets the North Pacific Ocean. As a region, this term most often refers to the coastal states of California, Oregon and Washington. More specifically, it refers to an area defined on the east by the Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada and Mojave Desert, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The U.S. Census groups the five states of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and Hawaii together as the Pacific States division.", "title": "West Coast of the United States" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wassaw Sound is a bay of the Atlantic Ocean on the coast of Georgia, United States near Savannah at the mouth of the Wilmington River.", "title": "Wassaw Sound" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "East Lake is one of the twin lakes that occupy part of the Newberry Crater or caldera in Central Oregon, United States. It is located in the Deschutes National Forest near the city of La Pine. The caldera was formed over 500,000 years ago from volcanic eruptions. East Lake's water comes from snow melt, rain fall, and hot springs only. The average depth is , at the deepest point, and covers . East Lake is about higher in elevation and is to the east of its twin, Paulina Lake.", "title": "East Lake (Oregon)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Gulf of Mexico (Spanish: Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. The U.S. states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida border the Gulf on the north, which are often referred to as the \"Third Coast\", in comparison with the U.S. Atlantic and Pacific coasts.", "title": "Gulf of Mexico" } ]

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[ { "answer": "early in the 20th century", "id": 9512, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "When were cog-railways built in the Alps?" }, { "answer": "United Kingdom and Prussia", "id": 36630, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "What countries found their economic growth in #1 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While acknowledging the central role economic growth can potentially play in human development, poverty reduction and the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, it is becoming widely understood amongst the development community that special efforts must be made to ensure poorer sections of society are able to participate in economic growth. The effect of economic growth on poverty reduction – the growth elasticity of poverty – can depend on the existing level of inequality. For instance, with low inequality a country with a growth rate of 2% per head and 40% of its population living in poverty, can halve poverty in ten years, but a country with high inequality would take nearly 60 years to achieve the same reduction. In the words of the Secretary General of the United Nations Ban Ki-Moon: \"While economic growth is necessary, it is not sufficient for progress on reducing poverty.\"", "title": "Economic inequality" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Over time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power. Others, such as Russia and Austria-Hungary, stagnated. At the same time, other states were emerging and expanding in power, largely through the process of industrialization. These countries seeking to attain great power status were: Italy after the Risorgimento, Japan after the Meiji Restoration, and the United States after its civil war. By the dawn of the 20th century, the balance of world power had changed substantially since the Congress of Vienna. The Eight-Nation Alliance was a belligerent alliance of eight nations against the Boxer Rebellion in China. It formed in 1900 and consisted of the five Congress powers plus Italy, Japan, and the United States, representing the great powers at the beginning of 20th century.", "title": "Great power" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Studies on income inequality and growth have sometimes found evidence confirming the Kuznets curve hypothesis, which states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases. Economist Thomas Piketty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945 wars and \"violent economic and political shocks\" reduced inequality. Moreover, Piketty argues that the \"magical\" Kuznets curve hypothesis, with its emphasis on the balancing of economic growth in the long run, cannot account for the significant increase in economic inequality throughout the developed world since the 1970s.", "title": "Economic inequality" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Daniel F. Spulber (born January 31, 1953) is the Elinor Hobbs Distinguished Professor of International Business and professor of strategy at the Kellogg School of Management (Northwestern University), where he has taught since 1990. Spulber is also professor of law at the Northwestern University School of Law and research director of the Searle Center on Law, Regulation, and Economic Growth. He is the founding editor-in-chief of the \"Journal of Economics & Management Strategy\".", "title": "Daniel F. Spulber" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The region is serviced by 4,200 km (2,600 mi) of roads used by 6 million vehicles. Train travel is well established in the Alps, with, for instance 120 km (75 mi) of track for every 1,000 km2 (390 sq mi) in a country such as Switzerland. Most of Europe's highest railways are located there. Moreover, plans are underway to build a 57 km (35 mi)-long sub-alpine tunnel connecting the older Lötschberg and Gotthard tunnels built in the 19th century.", "title": "Alps" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "LB&SCR D3 class was a 0-4-4T tank locomotive design, by Robert J. Billinton, built for the London Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) between 1892 and 1896. They were built for working passenger trains along country and main lines.", "title": "LB&SCR D3 class" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the early 1970s Portugal's fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles set the priority for improvements in transportation. Again in the 1990s, after joining the European Economic Community, the country built many new motorways. Today, the country has a 68,732 km (42,708 mi) road network, of which almost 3,000 km (1,864 mi) are part of system of 44 motorways. Opened in 1944, the first motorway (which linked Lisbon to the National Stadium) was an innovative project that made Portugal among one of the first countries in the world to establish a motorway (this roadway eventually became the Lisbon-Cascais highway, or A5). But, although a few other tracts were created (around 1960 and 1970), it was only after the beginning of the 1980s that large-scale motorway construction was implemented. In 1972, Brisa, the highway concessionaire, was founded to handle the management of many of the regions motorways. On many highways, toll needs to be paid, see Via Verde. Vasco da Gama bridge is the longest bridge in Europe.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Because of the global economic recession that began in 2007, the GDP of Estonia decreased by 1.4% in the 2nd quarter of 2008, over 3% in the 3rd quarter of 2008, and over 9% in the 4th quarter of 2008. The Estonian government made a supplementary negative budget, which was passed by Riigikogu. The revenue of the budget was decreased for 2008 by EEK 6.1 billion and the expenditure by EEK 3.2 billion. In 2010, the economic situation stabilized and started a growth based on strong exports. In the fourth quarter of 2010, Estonian industrial output increased by 23% compared to the year before. The country has been experiencing economic growth ever since.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Schneeberg Railway () is one of three rack railways in Austria still operating, and runs from the small town of Puchberg am Schneeberg in Lower Austria up to a plateau beneath the Schneeberg summit. At , the Schneeberg is the highest mountain in Lower Austria. The other two working cog railways in Austria are the Schafberg Railway (opened in 1893) and the Achensee Railway (opened in 1889).", "title": "Schneeberg Railway (cog railway)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The tourism industry began in the early 19th century when foreigners visited the Alps, traveled to the bases of the mountains to enjoy the scenery, and stayed at the spa-resorts. Large hotels were built during the Belle Époque; cog-railways, built early in the 20th century, brought tourists to ever higher elevations, with the Jungfraubahn terminating at the Jungfraujoch, well above the eternal snow-line, after going through a tunnel in Eiger. During this period winter sports were slowly introduced: in 1882 the first figure skating championship was held in St. Moritz, and downhill skiing became a popular sport with English visitors early in the 20th century, as the first ski-lift was installed in 1908 above Grindelwald.", "title": "Alps" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The history of Agriculture in India dates back to Indus Valley Civilization Era and even before that in some parts of Southern India. Today, India ranks second worldwide in farm output. Agriculture and allied sectors like forestry and fisheries accounted for 13.7% of the GDP (gross domestic product) in 2013, about 50% of the workforce. The economic contribution of agriculture to India's GDP is steadily declining with the country's broad - based economic growth. Still, agriculture is demographically the broadest economic sector and plays a significant role in the overall socio - economic fabric of India.", "title": "Agriculture in India" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "World War II (1939-1945) devastated the country's economy, but the high levels of economic growth that followed from 1950 to 1980 have been called the Greek economic miracle. From 2000 Greece saw high levels of GDP growth above the Eurozone average, peaking at 5.8% in 2003 and 5.7% in 2006. The subsequent Great Recession and Greek government-debt crisis, a central focus of the wider European debt crisis, plunged the economy into a sharp downturn, with real GDP growth rates of −0.3% in 2008, −4.3% in 2009, −5.5% in 2010, −9.1% in 2011, −7.3% in 2012 and −3.2% in 2013. In 2011, the country's public debt reached €356 billion (172% of nominal GDP). After negotiating the biggest debt restructuring in history with the private sector, Greece reduced its sovereign debt burden to €280 billion (137% of GDP) in the first quarter of 2012. Greece achieved a real GDP growth rate of 0.7% in 2014 after 6 years of economic decline, but fell back into recession in 2015.", "title": "Economy of Greece" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some theories developed in the 1970s established possible avenues through which inequality may have a positive effect on economic development. According to a 1955 review, savings by the wealthy, if these increase with inequality, were thought to offset reduced consumer demand. A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has risen with increased income inequality. Some theories popular from the 1950s to 2011 incorrectly stated that inequality had a positive effect on economic development. Analyses based on comparing yearly equality figures to yearly growth rates were misleading because it takes several years for effects to manifest as changes to economic growth. IMF economists found a strong association between lower levels of inequality in developing countries and sustained periods of economic growth. Developing countries with high inequality have \"succeeded in initiating growth at high rates for a few years\" but \"longer growth spells are robustly associated with more equality in the income distribution.\"", "title": "Economic inequality" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McGillivray Pass (1867 m or 6215 ft) is a mountain pass in the Pacific Ranges of southwestern British Columbia, Canada, located about 30 miles west of the town of Lillooet and immediately west of the upper end of Anderson Lake, above the former resort community of McGillivray (formerly McGillivray Falls). The pass connects the head of McGillivray Creek with the head of Standard Creek, a tributary of Cadwallader Creek and was used as a route by prospectors, miners and hunters heading for the upper Bridge River Country beyond the pass. The pass was proposed at one time for a cog railway to connect the mines at Bralorne and Pioneer with the Pacific Great Eastern Railway (now part of CN but the project never went forward. There are private ski cabins near the summit area of the pass, which is the division between the Bendor Range to the east and the Cadwallader Range to the west (part of the Birkenhead Ranges).", "title": "McGillivray Pass" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The extreme and stressful climatic conditions give way to the growth of plant species with secondary metabolites important for medicinal purposes. Origanum vulgare, Prunella vulgaris, Solanum nigrum and Urtica dioica are some of the more useful medicinal species found in the Alps.", "title": "Alps" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1993, Galor and Zeira showed that inequality in the presence of credit market imperfections has a long lasting detrimental effect on human capital formation and economic development. A 1996 study by Perotti examined the channels through which inequality may affect economic growth. He showed that, in accordance with the credit market imperfection approach, inequality is associated with lower level of human capital formation (education, experience, and apprenticeship) and higher level of fertility, and thereby lower levels of growth. He found that inequality is associated with higher levels of redistributive taxation, which is associated with lower levels of growth from reductions in private savings and investment. Perotti concluded that, \"more equal societies have lower fertility rates and higher rates of investment in education. Both are reflected in higher rates of growth. Also, very unequal societies tend to be politically and socially unstable, which is reflected in lower rates of investment and therefore growth.\"", "title": "Economic inequality" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "2013 Economics Nobel prize winner Robert J. Shiller said that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is the most important problem. Increasing inequality harms economic growth. High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth. Unemployment can harm growth not only because it is a waste of resources, but also because it generates redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty, constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility, and erodes self-esteem promoting social dislocation, unrest and conflict. Policies aiming at controlling unemployment and in particular at reducing its inequality-associated effects support economic growth.", "title": "Economic inequality" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Economic growth in Swaziland has lagged behind that of its neighbours. Real GDP growth since 2001 has averaged 2.8%, nearly 2 percentage points lower than growth in other Southern African Customs Union (SACU) member countries. Low agricultural productivity in the SNLs, repeated droughts, the devastating effect of HIV/AIDS and an overly large and inefficient government sector are likely contributing factors. Swaziland's public finances deteriorated in the late 1990s following sizeable surpluses a decade earlier. A combination of declining revenues and increased spending led to significant budget deficits.", "title": "Eswatini" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eisenbahnmuseum Bochum-Dahlhausen is a railway museum situated south of the city of Bochum in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was founded by DGEG, the German Railway History Company in 1977 and is based in a locomotive depot that was built between 1916 and 1918 and ceased operation in 1969. Then DGEG took over the whole area of 46,000 square metres and built up the biggest railway museum in Germany. In the middle of the museum, there is an engine shed with fourteen tracks. A preserved turntable, coaling, watering, and sanding facilities are still in operation. This museum is integrated into The Industrial Heritage Trail (\"Route der Industriekultur\") a route of monuments from the history of the industry.", "title": "Bochum Dahlhausen Railway Museum" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The country's first passenger train, which ran between Bombay's Bori Bunder station and Thane on 16 April 1853, was dedicated by Lord Dalhousie. The 14 - carriage train was hauled by three steam locomotives: the Sahib, Sindh, and Sultan. Travelling 34 kilometres (21 mi), the train carried 400 people. The passenger line was built and operated by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway (GIPR). It was built in 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge, which became the country's standard for railways.", "title": "History of rail transport in India" } ]

[ "United Kingdom" ]

[ { "answer": "Oregon", "id": 130984, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "What state is Sandy High School located?" }, { "answer": "the Coast Range", "id": 55721, "paragraph_support_idx": 7, "question": "where does it rain the most in #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cloverleaf High School is a public high school located in Westfield Township, between the villages of Lodi and Westfield Center in Medina County, Ohio, United States. It is the only high school in the Cloverleaf Local School District.", "title": "Cloverleaf High School" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "River Valley High School is the high school for the River Valley School District located in Three Oaks, Michigan, United States. River Valley High School houses grades 6-12.", "title": "River Valley High School (Michigan)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tamborine Mountain State High School (TMSHS) is a co-educational, state secondary school located on Tamborine Mountain, Queensland, Australia. Education Queensland has implemented an enrollment catchment area for Tamborine Mountain State High School.", "title": "Tamborine Mountain State High School" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Legend High School is a public high school in Douglas County School District RE-1. It is the first high school to be located within the city limits of Parker, Colorado, United States since Parker High School was closed in 1958.", "title": "Legend High School" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emmaus High School is a public high school located in Emmaus, Pennsylvania, in the United States. The school serves grades nine through 12 in Pennsylvania's East Penn School District in the Lehigh Valley region of the state. Emmaus High School is located immediately off Cedar Crest Boulevard, at 500 Macungie Avenue in Emmaus, a borough southwest of Allentown, Pennsylvania.", "title": "Emmaus High School" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Crestwood High School, on Colonel Drive (Dunwoody, Georgia, United States) in what is now known as Sandy Springs, opened in the Fall of 1972 to relieve overcrowding at nearby Roswell High School and North Springs High School.", "title": "Crestwood High School (Georgia)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Westerly High School is a public high school located in Westerly, Rhode Island, United States. The school is part of Westerly Public Schools.", "title": "Westerly High School" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Pacific Ocean, the moisture - laden air above it, and the storms moving from it over the Oregon coast, are major factors in the state's precipitation patterns. As humid ocean air flows east from the ocean and encounters the Coast Range, it rises steeply, cools, and loses moisture through condensation, which produces heavy rain. The heaviest precipitation in the state occurs at 2,000 to 4,000 feet (610 to 1,220 m) above sea level in these coastal mountains. At lower elevations along the coast, orographic precipitation is less intense but still produces 60 to 80 inches (1,500 to 2,000 mm) a year.", "title": "Climate of Oregon" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fenton High School, or FHS, is a public four-year high school located in Bensenville, Illinois, located on the western border of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is the only school in Community High School District 100.", "title": "Fenton High School (Illinois)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "East Ridge High School is one of two public high schools located in Woodbury, Minnesota, United States, the other being Woodbury High School. It is operated by South Washington County Schools.", "title": "East Ridge High School (Minnesota)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "October 29 -- 30, 2012: Hurricane Sandy crossed into Canada on October 29 through to early October 30, bringing heavy rain, high winds, and in some places, snow, to Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes.", "title": "List of Canada hurricanes" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deception Bay State High School is a co-educational, state run high school located in Deception Bay, Queensland, Australia. The School services the Deception Bay area's high school students- years 7 to 12.", "title": "Deception Bay State High School" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maria Carrillo High School is a public high school located in Santa Rosa, California, United States. It is managed by the Santa Rosa City Schools district. It opened in 1996 and is located in the Rincon Valley neighborhood of Santa Rosa.", "title": "Maria Carrillo High School" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maynard Evans High School is a high school located in Orlando, Florida, United States, served by Orange County Public Schools. The school's name is often shortened to \"Evans High School\" or \"E-HIGH\", and the mascot for the school are the Trojans.", "title": "Maynard Evans High School" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Sandy High School (formerly known as Sandy Union High School) is a public high school in Sandy, Oregon, United States, established in 1917. Originally located in a two-story schoolhouse, the high school was given its own standalone brick structure, used now as Cedar Ridge Middle School, in 1923, to accommodate a growing student body as the Portland metropolitan area and surrounding cities expanded in population.", "title": "Sandy High School" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hephzibah High School is a high school located in south Richmond County in the town of Hephzibah, Georgia, United States. It is the largest high school, by attendance, in the Richmond County School System. It is located in a rural area and its students generally live in a rural or suburban setting.", "title": "Hephzibah High School" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Middletown High School (MHS) is a small public high school located in Middletown, California, United States. It is the only comprehensive high school in the Middletown Unified School District.", "title": "Middletown High School (California)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maquoketa Community High School is a public high school in Maquoketa, Iowa, United States. It is located at 600 Washington, Maquoketa, Iowa.", "title": "Maquoketa Community High School" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eureka Springs High School is a public secondary school for students in grades nine through twelve located in Eureka Springs, Arkansas, United States. It is one of three public high schools located in Carroll County and the sole high school administered by the Eureka Springs School District.", "title": "Eureka Springs High School" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the summer of 1958, greaser Danny Zuko and sweet Australian girl Sandy Olsson meet at the beach and fall in love. When the summer comes to an end, Sandy, whose family is returning to Australia, worries that they might never meet again, but Danny tells her that their love is ``only the beginning. ''At the beginning of the new school year at Rydell High School (`` Grease''), Danny reunites with his fellow gang members, the T - Birds, of whom his best friend Kenickie, along with Doody, Sonny, and Putzie are members. Meanwhile, unbeknownst to Danny, Sandy arrives at school, with her family's plans having changed, with her new friend Frenchy, a member of the Pink Ladies. Other Pink Ladies Rizzo, Marty, and Jan also arrive, excited to be seniors, as does Patty Simcox, a high - achieving cheerleader.", "title": "Grease (film)" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Spain", "id": 107238, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "Which was the country for Glumpers?" }, { "answer": "President McKinley", "id": 64918, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "who was president when congress declared war on #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The newly founded country of the United States had to create a new government to replace the British Parliament. The U.S. adopted the Articles of Confederation, a declaration that established a national government with a one - house legislature. Its ratification by all thirteen colonies gave the second Congress a new name: the Congress of the Confederation, which met from 1781 to 1789. The Constitutional Convention took place during the summer of 1787, in Philadelphia. Although the Convention was called to revise the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset for some including James Madison and Alexander Hamilton was to create a new frame of government rather than amending the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the United States Constitution and the replacement of the Continental Congress with the United States Congress.", "title": "Founding Fathers of the United States" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Constitution also gives Congress an important role in national defense, including the exclusive power to declare war, to raise and maintain the armed forces, and to make rules for the military. Some critics charge that the executive branch has usurped Congress's Constitutionally - defined task of declaring war. While historically presidents initiated the process for going to war, they asked for and received formal war declarations from Congress for the War of 1812, the Mexican -- American War, the Spanish -- American War, World War I, and World War II, although President Theodore Roosevelt's military move into Panama in 1903 did not get Congressional assent. Presidents have initiated war without Congressional war declarations; Truman called the Korean War a ``police action ''and the Vietnam War lasted over a decade without a declaration of war. In 1970, Time magazine noted:`` All told, it has been calculated, U.S. presidents have ordered troops into position or action without a formal congressional declaration a total of 149 times'' before 1970. In 1993, one writer noted ``Congress's war power has become the most flagrantly disregarded provision in the Constitution, ''and that the`` real erosion (of Congressional authority to declare war) began after World War II.'' President George H.W. Bush claimed he could begin Operation Desert Storm and launch a ``deliberate, unhurried, post -- Cold War decision to start a war ''without Congressional approval. Critics charge that President George W. Bush largely initiated the Iraq War with little debate in Congress or consultation with Congress, despite a Congressional vote on military force authorization. Disagreement about the extent of congressional versus presidential power regarding war has been present periodically throughout the nation's history.", "title": "Powers of the United States Congress" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Congress declared war on Mexico on May 13, 1846 after only having a few hours to debate. Although President José Mariano Paredes's issuance of a manifesto on May 23 is sometimes considered the declaration of war, Mexico officially declared war by Congress on July 7. After the American invasion of New Mexico, Chihuahua sent 12,000 men led by Colonel Vidal to the border to stop the American military advance into the state. The Mexican forces being impatient to confront the American forces passed beyond El Paso del Norte about 20 miles (32 km) north along the Rio Grande. The first battle that Chihuahua fought was the battle of El Bracito; the Mexican forces consisting of 500 cavalry and 70 infantry confronted a force of 1,100–1,200 Americans on December 25, 1846. The battle ended badly by the Mexican forces that were then forced to retreat back into the state of Chihuahua. By December 27, 1846, the American forces occupied El Paso Del Norte. General Doniphan maintained camp in El Paso Del Norte awaiting supplies and artillery which he received in February 1847.", "title": "Chihuahua (state)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The last time the United States declared war on any nation was in 1942, when war was declared against Axis - allied Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania, because President Franklin Roosevelt thought it was improper to engage in hostilities against a country without a declaration of war. Since then, every American president has used military force without a declaration of war.", "title": "Declaration of war by the United States" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "President McKinley signed a joint Congressional resolution demanding Spanish withdrawal and authorizing the President to use military force to help Cuba gain independence on April 20, 1898.. In response, Spain severed diplomatic relations with the United States on April 21. On the same day, the U.S. Navy began a blockade of Cuba. On April 23, Spain stated that it would declare war if the US forces invaded its territory. On April 25, the U.S. Congress declared that a state of war between the U.S. and Spain had de facto existed since April 21, the day the blockade of Cuba had begun. The United States sent an ultimatum to Spain demanding that it surrender control of Cuba, but due to Spain not replying soon enough, the United States had assumed Spain had ignored the ultimatum and continued to occupy Cuba.", "title": "Spanish–American War" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence occurred primarily on August 2, 1776 at the Pennsylvania State House, Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The 56 delegates to the Second Continental Congress represented the 13 former colonies which had declared themselves the ``United States of America, ''and they endorsed the Declaration of Independence which the Congress had approved on July 4, 1776. The Declaration proclaimed that the former Thirteen Colonies then at war with Great Britain were now a sovereign, independent nation and thus no longer a part of the British Empire. The signers' names are grouped by state, with the exception of President of the Continental Congress John Hancock; the states are arranged geographically from north to south.", "title": "Signing of the United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fourteen men served as president of Congress. The first was Peyton Randolph, who was elected on September 5, 1774. The last president, Cyrus Griffin, resigned in November 1788. President John Hancock is remembered for his large, bold signature on the Declaration of Independence, which was adopted and signed during his presidency.", "title": "President of the Continental Congress" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On February 19, 1803, U.S. President Thomas Jefferson signed an act of Congress that approved Ohio's boundaries and constitution. However, Congress had never passed a resolution formally admitting Ohio as the 17th state. The current custom of Congress declaring an official date of statehood did not begin until 1812, with Louisiana's admission as the 18th state. Although no formal resolution of admission was required, when the oversight was discovered in 1953, Ohio congressman George H. Bender introduced a bill in Congress to admit Ohio to the Union retroactive to March 1, 1803, the date on which the Ohio General Assembly first convened. At a special session at the old state capital in Chillicothe, the Ohio state legislature approved a new petition for statehood that was delivered to Washington, D.C. on horseback. On August 7, 1953 (the year of Ohio's 150th anniversary), President Eisenhower signed a congressional joint resolution that officially declared March 1, 1803, the date of Ohio's admittance into the Union.", "title": "Ohio" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Glumpers is a CG animated television series by Motion Pictures, S.A.(Spain) co-produced with Televisió de Catalunya. The series currently consists of one season, which has 104 episodes of 2 minutes each.", "title": "Glumpers" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On April 2, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson asked a special joint session of the United States Congress for a declaration of war against the German Empire. Congress responded with the declaration on April 6.", "title": "United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The president is the civilian Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States. He has the authority to command them to take appropriate military action in the event of a sudden crisis. However, only the Congress is explicitly granted the power to declare war per se, as well as to raise, fund and maintain the armed forces. Congress also has the duty and authority to prescribe the laws and regulations under which the armed forces operate, such as the Uniform Code of Military Justice, and requires that all Generals and Admirals appointed by the president be confirmed by a majority vote of the Senate before they can assume their office.", "title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The State of the Union address is a speech presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, except in the first year of a new president's term. The address not only reports on the condition of the nation but also allows the President to outline his legislative agenda (for which he needs the cooperation of Congress) and national priorities. The address fulfills rules in Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically give Congress information on the ``state of the union ''and recommend any measures that he believes are necessary and expedient. During most of the country's first century, the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress. With the advent of radio and television, the address is now broadcast live across the country on most networks.", "title": "State of the Union" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "December 11, 1941, the United States Congress declared war upon Germany (Pub. L. 77 -- 331, Sess. 1, ch. 564, 55 Stat. 796), hours after Germany declared war on the United States after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The vote was 88 -- 0 in the Senate and 393 -- 0 in the House.", "title": "United States declaration of war upon Germany (1941)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For the United States, Article One, Section Eight of the Constitution says ``Congress shall have power to... declare War ''. However, that passage provides no specific format for what form legislation must have in order to be considered a`` declaration of war'' nor does the Constitution itself use this term. In the courts, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, in Doe v. Bush, said: ``(T) he text of the October Resolution itself spells out justifications for a war and frames itself as an 'authorization' of such a war. ''in effect saying an authorization suffices for declaration and what some may view as a formal Congressional`` Declaration of War'' was not required by the Constitution.", "title": "Declaration of war by the United States" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Declaration was passed on July 2 with no opposing votes. A committee of five had drafted it to be ready when Congress voted on independence. John Adams, a leader in pushing for independence, had persuaded the committee to select Thomas Jefferson to compose the original draft of the document, which Congress edited to produce the final version. The Declaration was a formal explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. Adams wrote to his wife Abigail, ``The Second Day of July 1776, will be the most memorable Epocha, in the History of America ''-- although Independence Day is actually celebrated on July 4, the date that the wording of the Declaration of Independence was approved.", "title": "United States Declaration of Independence" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Congress has several powers related to war and the armed forces. Under the War Powers Clause, only Congress may declare war, but in several cases it has, without declaring war, granted the President the authority to engage in military conflicts. Five wars have been declared in United States' history: the War of 1812, the Mexican -- American War, the Spanish -- American War, World War I and World War II. Some historians argue that the legal doctrines and legislation passed during the operations against Pancho Villa constitute a sixth declaration of war. Congress may grant letters of marque and reprisal. Congress may establish and support the armed forces, but no appropriation made for the support of the army may be used for more than two years. This provision was inserted because the Framers feared the establishment of a standing army, beyond civilian control, during peacetime. Congress may regulate or call forth the state militias, but the states retain the authority to appoint officers and train personnel. Congress also has exclusive power to make rules and regulations governing the land and naval forces. Although the executive branch and the Pentagon have asserted an ever - increasing measure of involvement in this process, the U.S. Supreme Court has often reaffirmed Congress's exclusive hold on this power (e.g. Burns v. Wilson, 346 U.S. 137 (1953)). Congress used this power twice soon after World War II with the enactment of two statutes: the Uniform Code of Military Justice to improve the quality and fairness of courts martial and military justice, and the Federal Tort Claims Act which among other rights had allowed military service persons to sue for damages until the U.S. Supreme Court repealed that section of the statute in a divisive series of cases, known collectively as the Feres Doctrine.", "title": "Article One of the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt officially pronounced 7 December 1941, as ``a date which will live in infamy ''and asked for a declaration of war on Japan before a joint session of Congress on 8 December 1941. The motion passed with only one vote against it, in both chambers. Just three days later, on 11 December 1941 Adolf Hitler declared war on the United States, and had already remarked on the evening of the date of the Japanese attack that`` We ca n't lose the war at all. We now have an ally which has never been conquered in 3,000 years''.", "title": "Military history of the United States during World War II" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On December 8, 1941, the United States Congress declared war (Public Law 77 - 328, 55 STAT 795) on the Empire of Japan in response to that country's surprise attack on Pearl Harbor the prior day. It was formulated an hour after the Infamy Speech of US President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Japan had sent a message to the United States to its embassy in Washington earlier, but because of problems at the embassy in decoding the very long message -- the high - security level assigned to the declaration meant that only personnel with very high clearances could decode it, which slowed down the process -- it was not delivered to the U.S. Secretary of State until after the Pearl Harbor attack. Following the U.S. declaration, Japan's allies, Germany and Italy, declared war on the United States, bringing the United States fully into World War II.", "title": "United States declaration of war on Japan" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "For the United States, Article One, Section Eight of the Constitution says ``Congress shall have power to... declare War. ''However, that passage provides no specific format for what form legislation must have in order to be considered a`` declaration of war'' nor does the Constitution itself use this term. In the courts, the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, in Doe v. Bush, said: ``(T) he text of the October Resolution itself spells out justifications for a war and frames itself as an 'authorization' of such a war. ''in effect saying an authorization suffices for declaration and what some may view as a formal Congressional`` Declaration of War'' was not required by the Constitution.", "title": "Declaration of war by the United States" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The address fulfills rules in Article II, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically ``give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient. ''During most of the country's first century, the President primarily only submitted a written report to Congress. After 1913, Woodrow Wilson, the 28th U.S. President, began the regular practice of delivering the address to Congress in person as a way to rally support for his agenda. With the advent of radio and television, the address is now broadcast live across the country on many networks.", "title": "State of the Union" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Japan", "id": 34734, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "What nation initiated hostilities?" }, { "answer": "1940", "id": 92852, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "when did the us stop trading with #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) was founded in 1969, in initial efforts to stop the commercial hunt for seal pups on the east coast of Canada.", "title": "International Fund for Animal Welfare" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By the end of 1957, Nasser nationalized all remaining British and French assets in Egypt, including the tobacco, cement, pharmaceutical, and phosphate industries. When efforts to offer tax incentives and attract outside investments yielded no tangible results, he nationalized more companies and made them a part of his economic development organization. He stopped short of total government control: two-thirds of the economy was still in private hands. This effort achieved a measure of success, with increased agricultural production and investment in industrialization. Nasser initiated the Helwan steelworks, which subsequently became Egypt's largest enterprise, providing the country with product and tens of thousands of jobs. Nasser also decided to cooperate with the Soviet Union in the construction of the Aswan Dam to replace the withdrawal of US funds.", "title": "Gamal Abdel Nasser" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia, forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages—the English, later British, East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1600 and 1602 respectively. The primary aim of these companies was to tap into the lucrative spice trade, an effort focused mainly on two regions; the East Indies archipelago, and an important hub in the trade network, India. There, they competed for trade supremacy with Portugal and with each other. Although England ultimately eclipsed the Netherlands as a colonial power, in the short term the Netherlands' more advanced financial system and the three Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th century left it with a stronger position in Asia. Hostilities ceased after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 when the Dutch William of Orange ascended the English throne, bringing peace between the Netherlands and England. A deal between the two nations left the spice trade of the East Indies archipelago to the Netherlands and the textiles industry of India to England, but textiles soon overtook spices in terms of profitability, and by 1720, in terms of sales, the British company had overtaken the Dutch.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Three other efforts to improve regulation of international pesticide trade are the United Nations London Guidelines for the Exchange of Information on Chemicals in International Trade and the United Nations Codex Alimentarius Commission.[citation needed] The former seeks to implement procedures for ensuring that prior informed consent exists between countries buying and selling pesticides, while the latter seeks to create uniform standards for maximum levels of pesticide residues among participating countries. Both initiatives operate on a voluntary basis.", "title": "Pesticide" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Beginning in 1938, the U.S. adopted a succession of increasingly restrictive trade restrictions with Japan. This included terminating its 1911 commercial treaty with Japan in 1939, further tightened by the Export Control Act of 1940. These efforts failed to deter Japan from continuing its war in China, or from signing the Tripartite Pact in 1940 with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, officially forming the Axis Powers.", "title": "Events leading to the attack on Pearl Harbor" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Marcus Álvarez is a fictional character on the FX television series Sons of Anarchy and its spinoff Mayans MC, played by Emilio Rivera. He initially serves as an antagonist on the show but gradually comes to a less hostile relation with the Sons of Anarchy. He is the leader of the Mayans, a Mexican - American outlaw motorcycle club.", "title": "Marcus Álvarez" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Caribbean initially provided England's most important and lucrative colonies, but not before several attempts at colonisation failed. An attempt to establish a colony in Guiana in 1604 lasted only two years, and failed in its main objective to find gold deposits. Colonies in St Lucia (1605) and Grenada (1609) also rapidly folded, but settlements were successfully established in St. Kitts (1624), Barbados (1627) and Nevis (1628). The colonies soon adopted the system of sugar plantations successfully used by the Portuguese in Brazil, which depended on slave labour, and—at first—Dutch ships, to sell the slaves and buy the sugar. To ensure that the increasingly healthy profits of this trade remained in English hands, Parliament decreed in 1651 that only English ships would be able to ply their trade in English colonies. This led to hostilities with the United Dutch Provinces—a series of Anglo-Dutch Wars—which would eventually strengthen England's position in the Americas at the expense of the Dutch. In 1655, England annexed the island of Jamaica from the Spanish, and in 1666 succeeded in colonising the Bahamas.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Gradually, new economic development projects and relocation of mainland Portuguese citizens into the overseas provinces in Africa were initiated, with Angola and Mozambique, as the largest and richest overseas territories, being the main targets of those initiatives. These actions were used to affirm Portugal's status as a transcontinental nation and not as a colonial empire.", "title": "Portugal" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The last time the United States declared war on any nation was in 1942, when war was declared against Axis - allied Hungary, Bulgaria, and Romania, because President Franklin Roosevelt thought it was improper to engage in hostilities against a country without a declaration of war. Since then, every American president has used military force without a declaration of war.", "title": "Declaration of war by the United States" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Embargo Act of 1807, adopted during the Napoleonic Wars, and the War of 1812 significantly curtailed Boston's harbor activity. Although foreign trade returned after these hostilities, Boston's merchants had found alternatives for their capital investments in the interim. Manufacturing became an important component of the city's economy, and by the mid-19th century, the city's industrial manufacturing overtook international trade in economic importance. Until the early 20th century, Boston remained one of the nation's largest manufacturing centers and was notable for its garment production and leather-goods industries. A network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Later, a dense network of railroads furthered the region's industry and commerce.", "title": "Boston" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Old Fort Providence, located near the mouth of Yellowknife Bay, Northwest Territories, Canada, was one of the first fur trading outposts on Great Slave Lake. Peter Pond of the North West Company first proposed trading with the Dene around Great Slave Lake in 1786. In 1789, Alexander Mackenzie initiated a period of trade with the Yellowknives and Tłı̨chǫ (formerly known as Dogrib) Dene and instructed his assistant, Laurent Leroux, to start a trading post in this area. The post was not a major centre for fur trading and was used primarily as a supply centre for other, more important trading posts or expeditions. It served, for example, as a base of supply for Sir John Franklin's Coppermine expedition towards the Arctic Ocean in 1820. It was located within a productive fishery used for generations by the Dene around Yellowknife Bay and helped supply meat and fish for traders at Great Slave Lake. The Hudson's Bay Company took over the post in 1821 after the demise of the North West Company, but the settlement was in decline and it closed in 1823. The buildings have long since decayed but the ruins were excavated in 1969-1971.", "title": "Old Fort Providence" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Somali Latin alphabet is an official writing script in the Federal Republic of Somalia and its constituent Federal Member States. It was developed by the Somali linguist Shire Jama Ahmed specifically for transcribing the Somali language, and is based on the Latin script. The Somali Latin alphabet uses all letters of the English Latin alphabet except \"p\", \"v\" and \"z\". There are no diacritics or other special characters, although it includes three consonant digraphs: DH, KH and SH. Tone is not marked and a word-initial glottal stop is also not shown. Capital letters are used for names and at the beginning of a sentence.", "title": "Somali Latin alphabet" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Indonesian functions as a symbol of national identity and pride, and is a unifying language among the diverse Indonesian ethnic groups. It also serves as a vehicle of communication among the Indonesian provinces and different regional cultures in Indonesia. The language is used as the national official language, the language of education, communication, transaction and trade documentation, the development of national culture, science, technology, and mass media in Indonesia.", "title": "Indonesian language" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Open Door Policy is a term in foreign affairs initially used to refer to the United States policy established in the late 19th century and the early 20th century that would allow for a system of trade in China open to all countries equally. It was used mainly to mediate the competing interests of different colonial powers in China. In more recent times, Open Door policy describes the economic policy initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1978 to open up China to foreign businesses that wanted to invest in the country. This later policy set into motion the economic transformation of modern China.", "title": "Open Door Policy" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beginning around 2005, drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea-Bissau, along with several neighboring West African nations, as a transshipment point to Europe for cocaine. The nation was described by a United Nations official as being at risk for becoming a \"narco-state\". The government and the military have done little to stop drug trafficking, which increased after the 2012 coup d'état.", "title": "Guinea-Bissau" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt, with support from other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel, on Yom Kippur. This renewal of hostilities in the Arab–Israeli conflict released the underlying economic pressure on oil prices. At the time, Iran was the world's second-largest oil exporter and a close US ally. Weeks later, the Shah of Iran said in an interview: \"Of course [the price of oil] is going to rise... Certainly! And how!... You've [Western nations] increased the price of the wheat you sell us by 300 percent, and the same for sugar and cement... You buy our crude oil and sell it back to us, refined as petrochemicals, at a hundred times the price you've paid us... It's only fair that, from now on, you should pay more for oil. Let's say ten times more.\"", "title": "1973 oil crisis" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained. Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of observation posts to report hostile aircraft flying over Britain. Initially radar was used for airspace surveillance to detect approaching hostile aircraft. However, the German Würzburg radar was capable of providing data suitable for controlling AA guns and the British AA No 1 Mk 1 GL radar was designed to be used on AA gun positions.", "title": "Anti-aircraft warfare" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "It is generally considered that the Pacific War began on 7/8 December 1941, on which date Japan invaded Thailand and attacked the British possessions of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong as well as the United States military bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam and the Philippines. Some historians contend that the conflict in Asia can be dated back to 7 July 1937 with the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War between the Empire of Japan and the Republic of China, or possibly 19 September 1931, beginning with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. However, it is more widely accepted that the Pacific War itself started in early December 1941, with the Sino-Japanese War then becoming part of it as a theater of the greater World War II.[nb 9]", "title": "Pacific War" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A major consideration was the possible Soviet reaction in the event that the US intervened. The Truman administration was fretful that a war in Korea was a diversionary assault that would escalate to a general war in Europe once the United States committed in Korea. At the same time, \"[t]here was no suggestion from anyone that the United Nations or the United States could back away from [the conflict]\". Yugoslavia–a possible Soviet target because of the Tito-Stalin Split—was vital to the defense of Italy and Greece, and the country was first on the list of the National Security Council's post-North Korea invasion list of \"chief danger spots\". Truman believed if aggression went unchecked a chain reaction would be initiated that would marginalize the United Nations and encourage Communist aggression elsewhere. The UN Security Council approved the use of force to help the South Koreans and the US immediately began using what air and naval forces that were in the area to that end. The Administration still refrained from committing on the ground because some advisers believed the North Koreans could be stopped by air and naval power alone.", "title": "Korean War" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pokémon Trading Card Game (ポケモンカードゲーム, Pokemon Kādo Gēmu, ``Pokémon Card Game ''), abbreviated to PTCG or Pokémon TCG, is a collectible card game, based on the Pokémon video game series, first published in October 1996 by Media Factory in Japan. In the US, it was initially published by Wizards of the Coast; Nintendo eventually took over publishing the card game alongside the video games in June 2003.", "title": "Pokémon Trading Card Game" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "After the Civil War", "id": 91248, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "when did the government get involved in healthcare" }, { "answer": "Albert Henry Woolson", "id": 84207, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "when did the last soldier of #1 die" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Oklahoma Woman is a 1956 film directed by Roger Corman, involving the return of Steve Ward (Richard Denning) to his hometown to claim his inheritance. Ward ends up getting involved in a local election and the ambitions of saloon owner, Marie \"Oklahoma\" Saunders (Peggie Castle).", "title": "The Oklahoma Woman" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "After the Civil War, the federal government established the first system of medical care in the South, known as the Freedmen's Bureau. The government constructed 40 hospitals, employed over 120 physicians, and treated well over one million sick and dying former slaves. The hospitals were short lived, lasting from 1865 to 1870. Freedmen's Hospital in Washington, DC remained in operation until the late nineteenth century, when it became part of Howard University.", "title": "History of health care reform in the United States" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Compromise of 1877 was a purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election. It resulted in the United States federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, and formally ended the Reconstruction Era. Through the Compromise, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House over Democrat Samuel J. Tilden on the understanding that Hayes would remove the federal troops whose support was essential for the survival of Republican state governments in South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana. The compromise involved Democrats who controlled the House of Representatives allowing the decision of the Electoral Commission to take effect. The outgoing president, Republican Ulysses S. Grant, removed the soldiers from Florida. As president, Hayes removed the remaining troops from South Carolina and Louisiana. As soon as the troops left, many white Republicans also left, and the ``Redeemer ''Democrats took control. They already dominated most other state governments in the South. What was exactly agreed is somewhat contested as the documentation is scanty.", "title": "Compromise of 1877" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums, or Higher Institute for Jewish Studies, was a rabbinical seminary, established in Berlin in 1872 and closed down by the Nazi government of Germany in 1942. Upon the order of the government, the name was officially changed (1883–1923 and 1933–42) to Lehranstalt für die Wissenschaft des Judentums.", "title": "Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Soltau () took place on 28 June 1519 and was the military climax of the Hildesheim Diocesan Feud which lasted from 1519–1523. Some sources describe it as \"the last knights' battle\" (\"Die letzte Ritterschlacht\").", "title": "Battle of Soltau" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Quality Assurance Journal was a quarterly peer-reviewed healthcare journal published by John Wiley & Sons. It covered quality assurance issues relating to the healthcare and environmental industries. It was established in 1997 and ceased publication at the end of 2011. The founding editor-in-chief was David Long and the last editors were Rita Hattemer-Apostel and Anthony B. Jones.", "title": "Quality Assurance Journal" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Let's Love and Laugh is a 1931 British-German comedy film directed by Richard Eichberg and starring Gene Gerrard, Muriel Angelus and Dennis Wyndham. A German-language version \"Die Bräutigamswitwe\" was made at the same time. Two philanderers get married to each other. It was based on the play \"Unwelcome Wife\".", "title": "Let's Love and Laugh" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Compromise of 1877 was a purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election. It resulted in the United States federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, and formally ended the Reconstruction Era. Through the Compromise, Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House over Democrat Samuel J. Tilden on the understanding that Hayes would remove the federal troops whose support was essential for the survival of Republican state governments in South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana. The compromise involved Democrats who controlled the House of Representatives allowing the decision of the Electoral Commission to take effect. The outgoing president, Republican Ulysses S. Grant, removed the soldiers from Florida. As president, Hayes removed the remaining troops from South Carolina and Louisiana. As soon as the troops left, many white Republicans also left, and the ``Redeemer ''Democrats took control. They already dominated most other state governments in the South. What was exactly agreed is somewhat contested as the documentation is insufficient.", "title": "Compromise of 1877" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Every major company selling the antipsychotics — Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson — has either settled recent government cases, under the False Claims Act, for hundreds of millions of dollars or is currently under investigation for possible health care fraud. Following charges of illegal marketing, two of the settlements set records last year for the largest criminal fines ever imposed on corporations. One involved Eli Lilly's antipsychotic Zyprexa, and the other involved Bextra. In the Bextra case, the government also charged Pfizer with illegally marketing another antipsychotic, Geodon; Pfizer settled that part of the claim for $301 million, without admitting any wrongdoing.", "title": "Pharmaceutical industry" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Black Heart of Jamaica is the fifth book in the Cat Royal series by British author Julia Golding. In this story the protagonist, Cat, becomes a pirate and gets involved with Pedro in a slave revolt.", "title": "Black Heart of Jamaica" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Die Another Day is a 2002 spy film, the twentieth film in the \"James Bond\" series produced by Eon Productions, as well as the fourth and final film to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond. The film follows Bond as he leads a mission to North Korea, during which he is betrayed and, after seemingly killing a rogue North Korean colonel, is captured and imprisoned. Fourteen months later, Bond is released as part of a prisoner exchange. Surmising that the mole is within the British government, he attempts to earn redemption by tracking down his betrayer and all those involved.", "title": "Die Another Day" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lazare Ponticelli (born Lazzaro Ponticelli, 24 December 1897, later mistranscribed as 7 December – 12 March 2008), Knight of Vittorio Veneto, was at 110, the last surviving officially recognized veteran of the First World War from France and the last \"poilu\" of its trenches to die.", "title": "Lazare Ponticelli" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to Der Spiegel credits given to European governments were disguised as \"swaps\" and consequently did not get registered as debt. As Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives, a German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that \"The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps,\" and \"In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank.\" These conditions had enabled Greek as well as many other European governments to spend beyond their means, while meeting the deficit targets of the European Union.", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The healthcare system is regulated by the Federal Joint Committee (Gemeinsamer Bundesausschuss), a public health organization authorized to make binding regulations growing out of health reform bills passed by lawmakers, along with routine decisions regarding healthcare in Germany.", "title": "Healthcare in Germany" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Albert Henry Woolson (February 11, 1850 -- August 2, 1956) was the last surviving member of the Union Army who served in the American Civil War. He was also the last surviving Civil War veteran on either side whose status is undisputed. At least three men who followed him in death claimed to be Confederate veterans, but one has been debunked and the other two are unverified. The last surviving Union soldier to see combat was James Hard (1843 -- 1953).", "title": "Albert Woolson" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Starting in 1910, the army began acquiring fixed-wing aircraft. In 1910, Mexico was having a civil war, peasant rebels fighting government soldiers. The army was deployed to American towns near the border to ensure safety to lives and property. In 1916, Pancho Villa, a major rebel leader, attacked Columbus, New Mexico, prompting a U.S. intervention in Mexico until 7 February 1917. They fought the rebels and the Mexican federal troops until 1918. The United States joined World War I in 1917 on the side of Britain, France, Russia, Italy and other allies. U.S. troops were sent to the Western Front and were involved in the last offensives that ended the war. With the armistice in November 1918, the army once again decreased its forces.", "title": "United States Army" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bertie Felstead (28 October 1894 – 22 July 2001) was a British soldier, World War I veteran and centenarian who gained fame at the end of his life as (or was believed so at the time to be) the last surviving soldier to have taken part in the Christmas truce of 1914.", "title": "Bertie Felstead" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States is often made by government, public health and public policy analysts. The two countries had similar healthcare systems before Canada changed its system in the 1960s and 1970s. The United States spends much more money on healthcare than Canada, on both a per - capita basis and as a percentage of GDP. In 2006, per - capita spending for health care in Canada was US $3,678; in the U.S., US $6,714. The U.S. spent 15.3% of GDP on healthcare in that year; Canada spent 10.0%. In 2006, 70% of healthcare spending in Canada was financed by government, versus 46% in the United States. Total government spending per capita in the U.S. on healthcare was 23% higher than Canadian government spending, and U.S. government expenditure on healthcare was just under 83% of total Canadian spending (public and private) though these statistics do n't take into account population differences.", "title": "Comparison of the healthcare systems in Canada and the United States" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States federal budget comprises the spending and revenues of the U.S. federal government. The budget is the financial representation of the priorities of the government, reflecting historical debates and competing economic philosophies. The government primarily spends on healthcare, retirement, and defense programs. The non-partisan Congressional Budget Office provides extensive analysis of the budget and its economic effects. It has reported that the U.S. is facing a series of long - term financial challenges, as the country ages and healthcare costs continue growing faster than the economy.", "title": "United States federal budget" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He graduated in Family Medicine at the Catholic University of Leuven in 1969 and in Occupational Healthcare at the University of Ghent in 1972. In addition he obtained a degree in the Management of Healthcare Data in 2003.", "title": "Jos Devlies" } ]

[ "Albert Woolson" ]

[ { "answer": "Barcelona", "id": 13574, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "What team has won the treble competitions twice?" }, { "answer": "five", "id": 13498, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "How many UEFA Super Cup awards does #1 have?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Barcelona won the treble in the 2014–2015 season, winning La Liga, Copa del Rey and UEFA Champions League titles, and became the first European team to have won the treble twice. On 17 May, the club clinched their 23rd La Liga title after defeating Atlético Madrid. This was Barcelona's seventh La Liga title in the last ten years. On 30 May, the club defeated Athletic Bilbao in the Copa del Rey final at Camp Nou. On 6 June, Barcelona won the UEFA Champions League final with a 3–1 win against Juventus, which completed the treble, the club's second in 6 years. Barcelona's attacking trio of Messi, Suárez and Neymar, dubbed MSN, scored 122 goals in all competitions, the most in a season for an attacking trio in Spanish football history.", "title": "FC Barcelona" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spanish side Real Madrid have won a record total of 21 titles in UEFA competitions, four more than Milan (Italy). The only team to have won every UEFA club competition is Juventus (Italy). They received The UEFA Plaque on 12 July 1988, in recognition of winning the three seasonal confederation trophies -- UEFA Cup in 1977, Cup Winners' Cup in 1984, and European Cup in 1985. Juventus then won their first Super Cup in 1984, their first Intercontinental Cup in 1985, and the Intertoto Cup in 1999.", "title": "List of UEFA club competition winners" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barcelona is the only European club to have played continental football every season since 1955, and one of three clubs to have never been relegated from La Liga, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first club in Spain to win the treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the Champions League. That same year, it also became the first football club ever to win six out of six competitions in a single year, thus completing the sextuple, comprising the aforementioned treble and the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. In the 2014–15 season, Barcelona won another historic treble, making them the first club in European football to win the treble twice.", "title": "FC Barcelona" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barça beat Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the 2009 Copa del Rey Final, winning the competition for a record-breaking 25th time. A historic 2–6 victory against Real Madrid followed three days later and ensured that Barcelona became La Liga champions for the 2008–09 season. Barça finished the season by beating the previous year's Champions League winners Manchester United 2–0 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome to win their third Champions League title and completed the first ever treble won by a Spanish team. The team went on to win the 2009 Supercopa de España against Athletic Bilbao and the 2009 UEFA Super Cup against Shakhtar Donetsk, becoming the first European club to win both domestic and European Super Cups following a treble. In December 2009, Barcelona won the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup, and became the first football club ever to accomplish the sextuple. Barcelona accomplished two new records in Spanish football in 2010 as they retained the La Liga trophy with 99 points and won the Spanish Super Cup trophy for a ninth time.", "title": "FC Barcelona" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "As of December 2015[update], Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, three Copa Eva Duarte[note 2] and two Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. They have also won five UEFA Champions League, a record four UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, a shared record five UEFA Super Cup and a record three FIFA Club World Cup trophies. They also won a record three Inter-Cities Fairs Cup trophies, considered the predecessor to the UEFA Cup-Europa League.", "title": "FC Barcelona" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Milan and Barcelona share the record for the most victories, each having won the competition five times since its inception. Two of Milan's wins were achieved in consecutive years (1989 and 1990), which makes them the only team to have retained the UEFA Super Cup. Barcelona have the most appearances (nine) and also the most runner - up finishes (four). Spanish teams have won the competition the most times, with thirteen wins, ahead of the nine wins by Italian teams. The current holders are Real Madrid, who beat 2016 -- 17 UEFA Europa League winners Manchester United 2 -- 1 in the 2017 edition.", "title": "List of UEFA Super Cup matches" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Real Madrid is the most successful club with 33 titles. The most recent club other than Real Madrid and Barcelona to win the league is Atlético Madrid in the 2013 -- 14 season. With their 30 May Copa del Rey defeat of Athletic Bilbao, Barcelona has won the Spanish version of The Double the most times, having won the league and cup in the same year six times in its history, breaking its tie with Athletic's five. Barcelona is the only Spanish team that has won the Treble, which includes the UEFA Champions League along with the league and Copa del Rey, and the only UEFA club to have won the treble twice after accomplishing that feat in 2015. The current champions are Barcelona, who won the 2017 -- 18 competition.", "title": "List of Spanish football champions" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also became the first football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, completing the sextuple in also winning the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. In 2011, the club became European champions again and won five trophies. This Barcelona team, which reached a record six consecutive Champions League semi-finals and won 14 trophies in just four years under Pep Guardiola, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In June 2015, Barcelona became the first European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice.", "title": "FC Barcelona" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "FC Bayern was founded in 1900 by 11 football players, led by Franz John. Although Bayern won its first national championship in 1932, the club was not selected for the Bundesliga at its inception in 1963. The club had its period of greatest success in the middle of the 1970s when, under the captaincy of Franz Beckenbauer, it won the European Cup three times in a row (1974 -- 1976). Overall, Bayern has reached ten European Cup / UEFA Champions League finals, most recently winning their fifth title in 2013 as part of a continental treble. Bayern has also won one UEFA Cup, one European Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one FIFA Club World Cup and two Intercontinental Cups, making it one of the most successful European clubs internationally and the only German club to have won both international titles. Since the formation of the Bundesliga, Bayern has been the dominant club in German football with 28 titles and has won 10 of the last 14 titles. They have traditional local rivalries with 1860 Munich and 1. FC Nürnberg, as well as with Borussia Dortmund since the mid-1990s.", "title": "FC Bayern Munich" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The competition in which the club has had the most success is the European Cup (now known as the UEFA Champions League); they have won three European Cups, the first of which came in 1968; this win made them the first English club to win the European Cup. The other two victories came in 1999 and 2008. The club has also won the Cup Winners' Cup, which they won in 1991; the Super Cup, also won in 1991; the Intercontinental Cup, which they won in 1999; and the Europa League, which they won in 2017.", "title": "Manchester United F.C. in European football" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ipswich have won the English league title once, in their first season in the top flight in 1961 -- 62, and have twice finished runners - up, in 1980 -- 81 and 1981 -- 82. They won the FA Cup in 1977 -- 78, and the UEFA Cup in 1980 -- 81. They have competed in the top two tiers of English football uninterrupted since 1957 -- 58. They have competed in all three European club competitions, and have never lost at home in European competition, defeating Real Madrid, A.C. Milan, Inter Milan, Lazio and Barcelona, among others.", "title": "Ipswich Town F.C." }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Swansea have won the League Cup once, the Football League Trophy twice and the Welsh Cup 10 times. They have also qualified for UEFA Cup Winners' Cup 7 times and the UEFA Europa League once. In 2011, Swansea became the first Welsh club to play in the Premier League.", "title": "List of Swansea City A.F.C. seasons" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Real Madrid hold the record for the most overall titles, with 22 followed by Milan's 17 titles. Spanish teams hold the record for the most wins in each of the three main UEFA club competitions: Real Madrid, with thirteen European Cup / UEFA Champions League titles; Sevilla, with five UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League titles; and Barcelona, with four Cup Winners' Cup titles. Milan share the most Super Cup wins (five) with Barcelona, and the most Intercontinental Cup wins (three) with Real Madrid. German clubs Hamburg, Schalke 04 and Stuttgart, and Spanish club Villarreal are the record holders by titles won in the UEFA Intertoto Cup (twice each).", "title": "List of UEFA club competition winners" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nogometni klub Interblock (), commonly referred to as NK Interblock or simply Interblock, is a Slovenian football club which plays in the city of Ljubljana. The club used the name NK IB Ljubljana in UEFA club competitions as UEFA doesn't allow sponsorship naming of clubs in their competitions. They won the Slovenian Cup twice and the Slovenian Supercup once.", "title": "NK Interblock" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Manchester United have won a record 20 League titles, 12 FA Cups, 5 League Cups and a record 21 FA Community Shields. The club has also won three UEFA Champions Leagues, one UEFA Europa League, one UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, one UEFA Super Cup, one Intercontinental Cup and one FIFA Club World Cup. In 1998 -- 99, the club became the first in the history of English football to achieve the treble of the Premier League, the FA Cup and the UEFA Champions League. In 2016 -- 17, by winning the UEFA Europa League, they became one of five clubs to have won all three main UEFA club competitions. In addition, they became the only professional English club to have won every ongoing honour available to the first team that is organised by a national or international governing body.", "title": "Manchester United F.C." }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s, winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times. This success was replicated in the league, where the club won five times in the space of seven years. This team, which consisted of players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano, Ferenc Puskás, Francisco Gento and Raymond Kopa, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In domestic football, the club has won 64 trophies; a record 33 La Liga titles, 19 Copa del Rey, 10 Supercopa de España, a Copa Eva Duarte, and a Copa de la Liga. In European and worldwide competitions, the club has won a record 25 trophies; a record 13 European Cup / UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Cups and four UEFA Super Cups. In international football, they have achieved a record six club world championships.", "title": "Real Madrid CF" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spanish side Real Madrid have won a record total of 21 titles in UEFA competitions, four more than Milan (Italy) and seven more than Barcelona (Spain). The only team to have won every UEFA club competition is Juventus (Italy). They received The UEFA Plaque on 12 July 1988, in recognition of winning the three seasonal confederation trophies -- UEFA Cup in 1977, Cup Winners' Cup in 1984, and European Cup in 1985. Juventus then won their first Super Cup in 1984, their first Intercontinental Cup in 1985, and the Intertoto Cup in 1999.", "title": "List of UEFA club competition winners" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Real Madrid hold the record for the most overall titles, with 21 followed by Milan's 17 titles. Spanish teams hold the record for the most wins in each of the three main UEFA club competitions: Real Madrid, with twelve European Cup / UEFA Champions League titles; Barcelona, with four Cup Winners' Cup titles; and Sevilla, with five UEFA Cup / UEFA Europa League titles. Milan share the most Super Cup wins (five) with Barcelona, and the most Intercontinental Cup wins (three) with Real Madrid. German clubs Hamburg, Schalke 04 and Stuttgart, and Spanish club Villarreal are the record holders by titles won in the UEFA Intertoto Cup (twice each).", "title": "List of UEFA club competition winners" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spanish side Real Madrid have won a record total of 22 titles in UEFA competitions, four more than Milan (Italy). The only team to have won every UEFA club competition is Juventus (Italy). They received The UEFA Plaque on 12 July 1988, in recognition of winning the three seasonal confederation trophies -- UEFA Cup in 1977, Cup Winners' Cup in 1984, and European Cup in 1985. Juventus then won their first Super Cup in 1984, their first Intercontinental Cup in 1985, and the Intertoto Cup in 1999.", "title": "List of UEFA club competition winners" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In June 2007, after eight years with Arsenal, he transferred to Barcelona for a fee of €24 million. In 2009, he was an integral part of the club's historic treble when they won La Liga, the Copa del Rey and the UEFA Champions League. He went on to achieve an unprecedented sextuple by also winning the Supercopa de España, the UEFA Super Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup. In total, Henry has been named in the UEFA Team of the Year five times. In 2010, he joined the New York Red Bulls of Major League Soccer, winning the Eastern Conference title with the team in 2010. He returned to Arsenal on loan for two months in 2012. In 2013, Henry with the New York Red Bulls won the MLS Supporters' Shield.", "title": "Thierry Henry" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "New England", "id": 80070, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "where is handmaid's tale supposed to take place" }, { "answer": "Maine", "id": 89752, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "what is the largest state in #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale is an American web television series created by Bruce Miller, based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Margaret Atwood. It was ordered by streaming service Hulu with a straight - to - series order of 10 episodes, with the production beginning in late 2016. The plot follows a dystopian future following a Second American Civil War where women, called ``Handmaids '', are forced into sexual and child - bearing servitude.", "title": "The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Seventeen: A Tale of Youth and Summer Time and the Baxter Family Especially William is a humorous novel by Booth Tarkington that gently satirizes first love, in the person of a callow 17-year-old, William Sylvanus Baxter. \"Seventeen\" takes place in a small city in the Midwestern United States shortly before World War I. It was published as sketches in the \"Metropolitan Magazine\" in 1914, and collected in a single volume in 1916, when it was the bestselling novel in the United States.", "title": "Seventeen (Tarkington novel)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale Genre Drama Dystopian fiction Created by Bruce Miller Based on The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood Starring Elisabeth Moss Joseph Fiennes Yvonne Strahovski Alexis Bledel Madeline Brewer Ann Dowd O.T. Fagbenle Max Minghella Samira Wiley Composer (s) Adam Taylor Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons No. of episodes 10 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Bruce Miller Warren Littlefield Reed Morano Daniel Wilson Fran Sears Ilene Chaiken Producer (s) Margaret Atwood Elisabeth Moss Location (s) Toronto, Ontario Hamilton, Ontario Cambridge, Ontario Running time 47 -- 60 minutes Production company (s) MGM Television White Oak Pictures The Littlefield Company Daniel Wilson Productions, Inc. Release Original network Hulu Original release April 26, 2017 (2017 - 04 - 26) -- present External links Website www.hulu.com/the-handmaids-tale", "title": "The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1990 Recopa Sudamericana was the second Recopa Sudamericana, an annual football match between the winners of the previous season's Copa Libertadores and Supercopa Sudamericana competitions. Originally, the title was to supposed to be disputed on a two-legged series. Due to security concerns on the eventual, first leg in Colombia and schedule congestion a neutral stadium was chosen for the match to take place. The Orange Bowl in Miami became the venue for this year's Recopa Sudamericana final.", "title": "1990 Recopa Sudamericana" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. The book was originally published in 1985. Set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian, Christian theonomy that has overthrown the United States government. The novel focuses on the journey of the handmaid Offred. Her name derives from the possessive form ``of Fred ''; handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, for whom they serve.", "title": "The Handmaid's Tale" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. The book was originally published in 1985. Set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian, Christian theonomy that has overthrown the United States government. The novel focuses on the journey of the handmaid Offred. Her name derives from the possessive form ``of Fred ''; handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, whom they serve.", "title": "The Handmaid's Tale" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ancilla College, near Donaldson, Indiana, is a two-year private liberal arts college that admits both men and women students. Ancilla College was founded by the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ in 1937 as an extension of DePaul University for the training of novices and candidates of the Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ. In 1966 the college started admitting the public as a private liberal arts community college. Ancilla College focuses on serving the seven surrounding counties of Indiana. Ancilla College grants associate degrees in multiple programs, from which Ancilla graduates may easily transfer to a four-year college or university, especially via the transfer agreements that Ancilla College has with 14 Indiana colleges and universities. The Latin word \"ancilla\" means \"handmaid or servant,\" a reference to the college's sponsor, The Poor Handmaids of Jesus Christ.", "title": "Ancilla College" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale Genre Drama Dystopian fiction Created by Bruce Miller Based on The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood Starring Elisabeth Moss Joseph Fiennes Yvonne Strahovski Alexis Bledel Madeline Brewer Ann Dowd O.T. Fagbenle Max Minghella Samira Wiley Composer (s) Adam Taylor Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons No. of episodes 10 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Bruce Miller Warren Littlefield Reed Morano Daniel Wilson Fran Sears Ilene Chaiken Producer (s) Margaret Atwood Elisabeth Moss Location (s) Toronto, Ontario Hamilton, Ontario Cambridge, Ontario Running time 47 -- 60 minutes Production company (s) Daniel Wilson Productions, Inc. The Littlefield Company White Oak Pictures MGM Television Hulu Originals Release Original network Hulu Original release April 26, 2017 (2017 - 04 - 26) -- present External links Website www.hulu.com/the-handmaids-tale", "title": "The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale Genre Drama Dystopian fiction Created by Bruce Miller Based on The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood Starring Elisabeth Moss Joseph Fiennes Yvonne Strahovski Alexis Bledel Madeline Brewer Ann Dowd O.T. Fagbenle Max Minghella Samira Wiley Amanda Brugel Composer (s) Adam Taylor Country of origin United States Original language (s) English No. of seasons No. of episodes 23 (list of episodes) Production Executive producer (s) Bruce Miller Warren Littlefield Reed Morano Daniel Wilson Fran Sears Ilene Chaiken Producer (s) Margaret Atwood Elisabeth Moss Production location (s) Toronto, Ontario Hamilton, Ontario Cambridge, Ontario Vaughan, Ontario Running time 47 -- 63 minutes Production company (s) Daniel Wilson Productions, Inc. The Littlefield Company White Oak Pictures MGM Television Release Original network Hulu Original release April 26, 2017 (2017 - 04 - 26) -- present (present) External links Website", "title": "The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. The book was originally published in 1985. Set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian, Christian theonomy that has overthrown the United States government. The novel is based around the journey of the handmaid Offred, an emphasis on the possessive form ``of Fred, ''as handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, for whom they serve.", "title": "The Handmaid's Tale" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale is set in the Republic of Gilead, a theonomic military dictatorship formed within the borders of what was formerly the United States of America.", "title": "The Handmaid's Tale" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Samira Wiley (born April 15, 1987) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Poussey Washington in the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black and for playing Moira in the Hulu series The Handmaid's Tale. She was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for the latter role.", "title": "Samira Wiley" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A rethinking of the genre of the \"western\", \"The Last Crossing\" is a tale of interwoven lives and stories taking place in the last half of the 19th century, travelling from England to the United States and the Canadian west.", "title": "The Last Crossing" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Samira Wiley (born April 15, 1987) is an American actress and model. She is best known for playing Poussey Washington in the Netflix series Orange Is the New Black and for playing Moira in the Hulu series The Handmaid's Tale, for which she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.", "title": "Samira Wiley" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood, originally published in 1985. It is set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian state resembling a theonomy, which has overthrown the United States government. The novel focuses on the journey of the handmaid Offred. Her name derives from the possessive form ``of Fred ''; handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, whom they serve.", "title": "The Handmaid's Tale" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale is a 1985 dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. Set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian, Christian theonomy that has overthrown the United States government, the novel explores themes of women in subjugation and the various means by which they gain individualism and independence. The novel's title echoes the component parts of Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales, which is a series of connected stories (``The Merchant's Tale '',`` The Parson's Tale'', etc.).", "title": "The Handmaid's Tale" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sure of You (1989) is the sixth book in the \"Tales of the City\" series by San Francisco novelist Armistead Maupin. The story takes place around the eve of the 1988 presidential election in the U.S., three years after the previous book \"Significant Others\". The book was written as the end to the Tales series and is the antithesis of the first book.", "title": "Sure of You" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The states of New England have a combined area of 71,991.8 square miles (186,458 km), making the region slightly larger than the state of Washington and larger than England. Maine alone constitutes nearly one - half of the total area of New England, yet is only the 39th - largest state, slightly smaller than Indiana. The remaining states are among the smallest in the U.S., including the smallest state -- Rhode Island.", "title": "New England" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale is an American television series created by Bruce Miller based on the 1985 novel of the same name by Canadian writer Margaret Atwood. It was ordered by streaming service Hulu with a straight - to - series order of 10 episodes, with the production beginning in late 2016.", "title": "The Handmaid's Tale (TV series)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New York metropolitan area is home to a self-identifying gay and bisexual community estimated at 568,903 individuals, the largest in the United States and one of the world's largest. Same-sex marriages in New York were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.", "title": "New York City" } ]

[ "ME" ]

[ { "answer": "Latin", "id": 19007, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Hokkien is sometimes written in what script?" }, { "answer": "St Jerome", "id": 60935, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "the first person to do a complete translation of the bible into #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 1990s, marked by the liberalization of language development and mother tongue movement in Taiwan, Taiwanese Hokkien had undergone a fast pace in its development. In 1993, Taiwan became the first region in the world to implement the teaching of Taiwanese Hokkien in Taiwanese schools. In 2001, the local Taiwanese language program was further extended to all schools in Taiwan, and Taiwanese Hokkien became one of the compulsory local Taiwanese languages to be learned in schools. The mother tongue movement in Taiwan even influenced Xiamen (Amoy) to the point that in 2010, Xiamen also began to implement the teaching of Hokkien dialect in its schools. In 2007, the Ministry of Education in Taiwan also completed the standardization of Chinese characters used for writing Hokkien and developed Tai-lo as the standard Hokkien pronunciation and romanization guide. A number of universities in Taiwan also offer Hokkien degree courses for training Hokkien-fluent talents to work for the Hokkien media industry and education. Taiwan also has its own Hokkien literary and cultural circles whereby Hokkien poets and writers compose poetry or literature in Hokkien on a regular basis.", "title": "Hokkien" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Authorized Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed in 1611. The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament.", "title": "King James Version" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Early Modern English Bible translations are of between about 1500 and 1800, the period of Early Modern English. This, the first major period of Bible translation into the English language, began with the introduction of the Tyndale Bible. The first complete edition of his New Testament was in 1526. Tyndale used the Greek and Hebrew texts of the New Testament (NT) and Old Testament (OT) in addition to Jerome's Latin translation. He was the first translator to use the printing press -- this enabled the distribution of several thousand copies of his New Testament translation throughout England. Tyndale did not complete his Old Testament translation. The first printed English translation of the whole bible was produced by Miles Coverdale in 1535, using Tyndale's work together with his own translations from the Latin Vulgate or German text. After much scholarly debate it is concluded that this was printed in Antwerp and the colophon gives the date as 4th October 1535. This first edition was adapted by Coverdale for his first ``authorised version '', known as the Great Bible, of 1539. Other early printed versions were the Geneva Bible (1560), notable for being the first Bible divided into verses; the Bishop's Bible (1568), which was an attempt by Elizabeth I to create a new authorised version; and the Authorized King James Version of 1611.", "title": "Bible translations into English" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Complete Fairy Tales of Hermann Hesse is a collection of 22 fairy tales written by Hermann Hesse between the years of 1904 and 1918 and translated by Jack Zipes. A list of the individual fairy tales and the year in which they were written follows. This collection was published in 1995 and is the first English translation for most of the tales.", "title": "The Complete Fairy Tales of Hermann Hesse" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Let there be light ''is an English translation of the Hebrew יְהִי אוֹר ‎ (yehi 'or) found in Genesis 1: 3 of the Torah, the first part of the Hebrew Bible. In Old Testament translations of the phrase, translations include the Greek phrase γενηθήτω φῶς (genēthētō phōs) and the Latin phrase fiat lux.", "title": "Let there be light" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Voice is an English translation of the Bible developed by Thomas Nelson (a subsidiary of News Corp) and the Ecclesia Bible Society. The Voice is a modern language, dynamic equivalent translation. The New Testament was released in November 2011, and the full Bible was released in April 2012.", "title": "The Voice (Bible translation)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New International Version (NIV) is an English translation of the Bible first published in 1978 by Biblica (formerly the International Bible Society). The NIV was published to meet the need for a modern translation done by Bible scholars using the earliest, highest quality manuscripts available. Of equal importance was that the Bible be expressed in broadly understood modern English.", "title": "New International Version" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first known translation of the Bible into Greek is called the Septuagint (LXX; 3rd -- 1st centuries BC). The LXX was written in Koine Greek. It contains the Hebrew Bible translated from Hebrew and Aramaic. It also includes several other documents which are considered to have differing levels of authority by various Christian churches. Some of these other documents are believed to have been written originally in Greek.", "title": "Bible translations into Greek" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The term Tyndale's Bible is not strictly correct, because Tyndale never published a complete Bible. That task was completed by Miles Coverdale who supplemented Tyndale's translations with his own to produce the first complete printed bible in English in 1535. Prior to his execution Tyndale had only finished translating the entire New Testament and roughly half of the Old Testament. Of the latter, the Pentateuch, Jonah and a revised version of the book of Genesis were published during his lifetime. His other Old Testament works were first used in the creation of the Matthew Bible and also heavily influenced every major English translation of the Bible that followed.", "title": "Tyndale Bible" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kleist joined with Joseph Lilly, C.M., to produce a more modern English translation of the Bible than the Douai Bible then in common usage among Catholics. Under their editorship the work was laid to produce to the \"Kleist-Lilly\" translation, published posthumously in 1954, although work was completed by Christmas 1948. It never gained widespread acceptance, though, and was later totally supplanted by the translations produced by the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, which culminated in the publication of the New American Bible in 1970.", "title": "James Kleist" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB) or simply the Authorized Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, begun in 1604 and completed / published in 1611. The books of the King James Version include the 39 books of the Old Testament, an intertestamental section containing 14 books of the Apocrypha, and the 27 books of the New Testament.", "title": "King James Version" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tyndale Bible generally refers to the body of biblical translations by William Tyndale (). Tyndale's Bible is credited with being the first English translation to work directly from Hebrew and Greek texts. Furthermore, it was the first English biblical translation that was mass-produced as a result of new advances in the art of printing.", "title": "Tyndale Bible" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Christoph Froschauer (ca. 1490 – 1 April 1564) was the first printer in Zurich, notably for printing the Froschauer Bible, the Zwinglian Bible translation. His workshop is the nucleus of the Orell Füssli publishing house.", "title": "Christoph Froschauer" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New Testament part of the Christian Bible was originally written in Koine Greek, as most of the Church and scholars believe, and is therefore not a translation (notwithstanding that some reference material may have been from Aramaic). However, like other living languages, the Greek language has developed over time. Therefore, various translations have been completed over the centuries to make it easier for Greek speakers to understand Holy Scripture. Translations of the Old Testament, which is the other part of the Christian Bible, have been completed for similar reasons.", "title": "Bible translations into Greek" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Russian Synodal Bible (Russian: Синодальный перевод, The Synodal Translation) is a Russian non-Church Slavonic translation of the Bible commonly used by the Russian Orthodox Church, Russian Baptists and other Protestant as well as Roman Catholic communities in Russia.", "title": "Russian Synodal Bible" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The New King James Version (NKJV) is a translation of the Bible published by HarperCollins (a subsidiary of News Corp). The New Testament was published in 1979, the Psalms in 1980, and the full Bible in 1982. It took seven years to complete. The anglicized edition was originally known as the Revised Authorized Version, but the NKJV title is now used universally.", "title": "New King James Version" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Partial Bible translations into languages of the English people can be traced back to the late 7th century, including translations into Old and Middle English. More than 450 translations into English have been written.", "title": "Bible translations into English" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Matthew Bible, also known as Matthew's Version, was first published in 1537 by John Rogers, under the pseudonym \"Thomas Matthew\". It combined the New Testament of William Tyndale, and as much of the Old Testament as he had been able to translate before being captured and put to death. Myles Coverdale's translations chiefly from German and Latin sources completed the Old Testament and Biblical apocrypha, except for the Prayer of Manasses which was Rogers'. It is thus a vital link in the main sequence of English Bible translations.", "title": "Matthew Bible" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The translation was largely the work of St Jerome, who in 382 had been commissioned by Pope Damasus I to revise the Vetus Latina (``Old Latin '') Gospels then in use by the Roman Church. Jerome, on his own initiative, extended this work of revision and translation to include most of the Books of the Bible, and once published, the new version was widely adopted and eventually eclipsed the Vetus Latina; so that by the 13th century, it took over from the former version the appellation of`` versio vulgata'' (the ``version commonly used '') or vulgata for short, and in Greek as βουλγάτα (`` Voulgata'').", "title": "Vulgate" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Hokkien, especially Taiwanese, is sometimes written in the Latin script using one of several alphabets. Of these the most popular is Pe̍h-ōe-jī (traditional Chinese: 白話字; simplified Chinese: 白话字; pinyin: Báihuàzì). POJ was developed first by Presbyterian missionaries in China and later by the indigenous Presbyterian Church in Taiwan; use of this alphabet has been actively promoted since the late 19th century. The use of a mixed script of Han characters and Latin letters is also seen, though remains uncommon. Other Latin-based alphabets also exist.", "title": "Hokkien" } ]

[ "Jerome" ]

[ { "answer": "Arizona", "id": 129499, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "In which state is Poachie Range located?" }, { "answer": "February 14, 1912", "id": 85379, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "when did #1 become a state in the us" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kaman HH-43 Huskie was a helicopter with intermeshing rotors used by the United States Air Force, the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps from the 1950s until the 1970s. It was primarily used for aircraft firefighting and rescue in the close vicinity of air bases, but was later used as a short range overland search and rescue aircraft during the Vietnam War.", "title": "Kaman HH-43 Huskie" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are currently about 55,000 wild grizzly bears total located throughout North America, most of which reside in Alaska. Only about 1,500 grizzlies are left in the lower 48 states of the US. Of these, about 800 live in Montana. About 600 more live in Wyoming, in the Yellowstone - Teton area. There are an estimated 70 -- 100 grizzly bears living in northern and eastern Idaho. Its original range included much of the Great Plains and the southwestern states, but it has been extirpated in most of those areas. Combining Canada and the United States, grizzly bears inhabit approximately half the area of their historical range.", "title": "Grizzly bear" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Troy Peak is the highest mountain in the Grant Range in northeastern Nye County, Nevada, United States. It is the thirty-sixth highest mountain in Nevada. Troy Peak also ranks as the third-most topographically prominent peak in Nye County and the fourteenth-most prominent peak in the state. The summit is located southwest of the city of Ely, within the Grant Range Wilderness of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest.", "title": "Troy Peak" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Igikpak is the highest peak in the Schwatka Mountains region of the Brooks Range. It is also the tallest mountain in Gates of the Arctic National Park, located in the US state of Alaska. Some sources list the height of its summit at 8,510'. Mount Igikpak is in the south central part of the national park, very close to the source of the Noatak River and not far from the Arrigetch Peaks.", "title": "Mount Igikpak" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "McKinley is a city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States; located within the Iron Range region of Minnesota. The population was 128 at the 2010 census.", "title": "McKinley, St. Louis County, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Worth State Park is a state park in Victoria, Australia. It is located 15 km south of Warragul in the western Strzelecki Ranges. It offers rainforest walking trails and scenic views of Gippsland as well as across the Latrobe Valley to the Great Dividing Range.", "title": "Mount Worth State Park" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "State of Arizona Flag Seal Nickname (s): The Grand Canyon State; The Copper State Motto (s): Ditat Deus (God enriches) State song (s): ``The Arizona March Song ''and`` Arizona'' Official language English Spoken languages As of 2010 English 74.1% Spanish 19.5% Navajo 1.9% Other 4.5% Demonym Arizonan Capital Phoenix Largest city Phoenix Largest metro Phoenix metropolitan area Area Ranked 6th Total 113,990 sq mi (295,234 km) Width 310 miles (500 km) Length 400 miles (645 km)% water 0.35 Latitude 31 ° 20 ′ N to 37 ° N Longitude 109 ° 03 ′ W to 114 ° 49 ′ W Population Ranked 14th Total 6,931,071 (2016 est.) Density 57 / sq mi (22 / km) Ranked 33rd Median household income $52,248 (33rd) Elevation Highest point Humphreys Peak 12,637 ft (3852 m) Mean 4,100 ft (1250 m) Lowest point Colorado River at the Sonora border 72 ft (22 m) Before statehood Arizona Territory Admission to Union February 14, 1912 (48th) Governor Doug Ducey (R) Secretary of State Michele Reagan (R) Legislature Arizona Legislature Upper house Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators John McCain (R) Jeff Flake (R) U.S. House delegation 5 Republicans, 4 Democrats (list) Time zones most of state Mountain: UTC − 7 (no DST) Navajo Nation Mountain: UTC − 7 / − 6 ISO 3166 US - AZ Abbreviations AZ, Ariz. Website www.az.gov", "title": "Arizona" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the US state of Virginia, some state highways have been specifically designated to serve state parks and state institutions. State Route 217 and the range of numbers from State Route 302 to State Route 399 are currently used (non-exclusively) for this purpose. For a list of very short Virginia primary state highways, see List of primary state highways in Virginia shorter than one mile.", "title": "State highways serving Virginia state institutions" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clarksburg State Park is a Massachusetts state park located in the town of Clarksburg. The park is made up of unspoiled northern hardwood forest, with views of the Hoosac Range, Mount Greylock and the Green Mountains. It is managed by the Department of Conservation and Recreation.", "title": "Clarksburg State Park" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The San Gabriel Mountains are a mountain range located in northern Los Angeles County and western San Bernardino County, California, United States. The mountain range is part of the Transverse Ranges and lies between the Los Angeles Basin and the Mojave Desert, with Interstate 5 to the west and Interstate 15 to the east. This range lies in, and is surrounded by, the Angeles National Forest, with the San Andreas Fault as the northern border of the range.", "title": "San Gabriel Mountains" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Poachie Range is a moderate length mountain range and massif in southeast Mohave County, Arizona, and the extreme southwest corner of Yavapai County; the range also abuts the northeast corner of La Paz County. The Poachie Range massif is bordered by the south-flowing Big Sandy River on its west, and the west-flowing Santa Maria River on its south; both rivers converge at the Poachie Range's southwest at Alamo Lake, the Alamo Lake State Park.", "title": "Poachie Range" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Red Mountain () is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Red Mountain is north of Rising Wolf Mountain.", "title": "Red Mountain (Glacier County, Montana)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sawtooth Range is a small mountain range in southeastern Alaska, United States, located just southwest of Warm Pass and on the north side of the East Fork of the Skagway River. It has an area of 97 km and is a subrange of the Boundary Ranges which in turn form part of the Coast Mountains.", "title": "Sawtooth Range (Alaska)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Halleck Range is a small mountain range in southeastern Alaska, United States, located on the Alaskan side of the Portland Canal. It has an area of 127 km and is a subrange of the Boundary Ranges which in turn form part of the Coast Mountains. The range is located within the Misty Fjords National Monument.", "title": "Halleck Range" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount James () is located in the Lewis Range, Glacier National Park in the U.S. state of Montana. Mount James is northeast of Triple Divide Peak.", "title": "Mount James" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Bendeleben is the highest peak in the Bendeleben Mountains of the Seward Peninsula in Nome Census Area, Alaska, United States. It is located on the western end of the range, southwest of Imuruk Lake.", "title": "Mount Bendeleben" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Toiyabe Range is a mountain range in Lander and Nye counties, Nevada, United States. Most of the range is included within the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest. The highest point in the range, near its southern end, is Arc Dome (11,788 feet, 3592 m), an area protected as the Arc Dome Wilderness. The highest point in Lander County, Bunker Hill, is also located within the Toiyabe Range. The range starts in northwestern Nye County north of Tonopah, Nevada and runs approximately 120 miles (190 km) north-northeast into southern Lander County, making it the second longest range in the state.", "title": "Toiyabe Range" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rousseau Range is a small mountain range in southeastern Alaska, United States, located just north of the Peabody Mountains. It has an area of 264 km and is a subrange of the Boundary Ranges which in turn form part of the Coast Mountains. The range is located entirely within Misty Fjords National Monument.", "title": "Rousseau Range" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mount Fitzpatrick () is located in the Salt River Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming. The peak is the highest in the Salt River Range.", "title": "Mount Fitzpatrick" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "It is estimated that between May 2004 and May 2005, approximately 1.2 million computer users in the United States suffered losses caused by phishing, totaling approximately US$929 million. United States businesses lose an estimated US$2 billion per year as their clients become victims.", "title": "Phishing" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Queen Victoria", "id": 77233, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "who abolished sati partha (practice) in india" }, { "answer": "a long period of prosperity for the British people", "id": 33207, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "What did the people consider #1 reign to be?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first governor - general during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950", "title": "Governor-General of India" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950", "title": "Governor-General of India" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sati is a Bengali film released in 1989 written and directed by Aparna Sen. Based on a story by Kamal Kumar Majumdar, the film is about mute orphan girl who is married to a Banyan tree because her horoscope suggests that she would be a sati, and her husband would die. The film had Shabana Azmi and Arun Banerjee in lead roles.", "title": "Sati (film)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sixteen people have been sworn into office as president. Following the ratification of the Malolos Constitution in 1899, Emilio Aguinaldo became the inaugural president of the Malolos Republic, considered the First Philippine Republic. He held that office until 1901 when he was captured by United States forces during the Philippine -- American War (1899 -- 1902). The American colonization of the Philippines abolished the First Republic, which led an American governor - general to exercise executive power.", "title": "List of presidents of the Philippines" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The British East India Company initially tolerated the practice, with William Carey noting 438 incidences within a 30 - mile (48 - km) radius of Calcutta, in 1803, despite its ban within Calcutta itself. Historian A.F. Salahuddin Ahmed states Company employees ``not only seemed to accord an official sanction, but also increased its prestige value '', in Bengal, through only prohibiting involuntary immolations in 1813. Between 1815 and 1818, the number of sati in Bengal province doubled from 378 to 839. Under sustained campaigning against sati by Christian missionaries such as William Carey and Brahmin Hindu reformers such as Ram Mohan Roy, the provincial government banned sati in 1829. This was followed up by similar laws by the authorities in the princely states of India in the ensuing decades, with a general ban for the whole of India issued by Queen Victoria in 1861. In Nepal, sati was banned in 1920. The Indian Sati Prevention Act from 1988 further criminalised any type of aiding, abetting, and glorifying of sati.", "title": "Sati (practice)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A regulation for declaring the practice of sati, or of burning or burying alive the widows of Hindus, illegal, and punishable by the criminal courts, passed by the governor - general in council on 4 December 1829, corresponding with the 20th Aughun 1236 Bengal era; the 23rd Aughun 1237 Fasli; the 21st Aughun 1237 Vilayati; the 8th Aughun 1886 Samavat; and the 6th Jamadi - us - Sani 1245 Hegira.", "title": "Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Victorian era of the United Kingdom was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from June 1837 to January 1901. This was a long period of prosperity for the British people, as profits gained from the overseas British Empire, as well as from industrial improvements at home, allowed a large, educated middle class to develop. Some scholars would extend the beginning of the period—as defined by a variety of sensibilities and political games that have come to be associated with the Victorians—back five years to the passage of the Reform Act 1832.", "title": "Modern history" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the 2011 census, 79.8% of the population of India practice Hinduism. Islam (14.2%), Christianity (2.3%), Sikhism (1.7%), Buddhism (0.7%) and Jainism (0.4%) are the other major religions followed by the people of India. Many tribal religions, such as Sarnaism, are found in India, though these have been affected by major religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity. Jainism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and the Bahá'í Faith are also influential but their numbers are smaller. Atheism and agnostics also have visible influence in India, along with a self-ascribed tolerance to other faiths. According to a study conducted by the Pew Research Centre, India will have world's largest populations of Hindus and Muslims by 2050. India is expected to have about 311 million Muslims making up around 19–20% of the population and yet about 1.3 billion Hindus are projected to live in India comprising around 76% of the population.", "title": "Culture of India" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Emperor of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950", "title": "Governor-General of India" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The break - up of the centralised Mughal empire by 1750, led to the creation of numerous semi-independent kingdoms (all provinces of the former Mughal empire). Nawab Siraj ud - Daulah was defeated by the British forces of Sir Robert Clive in the Battle of Plassey in 1757. Thereafter the Nawab of Bengal became a ``puppet ruler ''depending on military support from British East India company to secure their throne. Siraj - ud - Daulah was replaced by Mir Jaffer. He was personally led to the throne by Robert Clive, after triumph of the British in the battle. He briefly tried to re-assert his power by allying with the Dutch, but this plan was ended by the Battle of Chinsurah. After the defeat at Battle of Buxar and grant of the Diwani (revenue collection) of Bengal by the then Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, to the British East India Company in August 1765 and the appointment of Warren Hastings by the East India Company as their first Governor General of Bengal in 1773, the Nawabs authority became restricted. By 1773, British East India company asserted much authority and formed the Bengal Presidency over areas ruled by the Nawabs i.e. the Bengal subah, along with some other regions and abolished the system of Dual Government. In 1793 (during Nawab Mubarak ud - Daulah's reign), the Nizamat (military power, civil and criminal justice) was abolished, British East India company thus annexed this former Mughal province as part of their empire and took complete control of the region, and the Nawabs of Bengal became mere pensioners of the British East India Company. All the Diwan offices except the Diwan Ton were also abolished.", "title": "Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From the fifth century to the thirteenth, Śrauta sacrifices declined, and initiatory traditions of Buddhism, Jainism or more commonly Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism expanded in royal courts. This period produced some of India's finest art, considered the epitome of classical development, and the development of the main spiritual and philosophical systems which continued to be in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Emperor Harsha of Kannauj succeeded in reuniting northern India during his reign in the 7th century, after the collapse of the Gupta dynasty. His empire collapsed after his death.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the company rule was brought to an end, and the British India along with princely states came under the direct rule of the Crown. The Government of India Act 1858 created the office of Secretary of State for India in 1858 to oversee the affairs of India, which was advised by a new Council of India with 15 members (based in London). The existing Council of Four was formally renamed as the Council of Governor General of India or Executive Council of India. The Council of India was later abolished by Government of India Act 1935.", "title": "List of governors-general of India" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1950 national constitution of India legally abolished the practice of untouchability and provided measures for positive discrimination in both educational institutions and public services for Dalits and other social groups who lie within the caste system. These are supplemented by official bodies such as the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.", "title": "Untouchability" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Narasingha Malla Deb (22 January 1907 – 11 November 1976) was a member of the Parliament of India and the 16th ruler of Jhargram, which he led from 1916 until his royal powers were abolished by an amendment to the Constitution of India in 1954.", "title": "Narasingha Malla Deb" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the significant problems considered as solved, the Board of Longitude was abolished by Act of Parliament in 1828 and replaced by a Resident Committee for Scientific Advice for the Admiralty consisting of three scientific advisors: Thomas Young, Michael Faraday and Edward Sabine.", "title": "Board of Longitude" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kurza is a small village situated on the banks of the Wainganga River in Bhandara district, Maharashtra state, India. It is 5 km from Pauni. Educational facilities up to fourth standard ia available in ZP School and from fifth standard to tenth standard in Janata Highschool. One Primary Health Center is also available. Monday is a weekly Market Day. Temples of Hanuman, Baba Farid and Sati Benabai are very ancient. Every fourth Year the villagers celebrate \"Sati Benabai Jatra\". The village is also known as \"Benabai's Kurza\".", "title": "Kurza, India" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Capital punishment in New Zealand first appeared in a codified form when it became a British territory in 1840, and was first employed in 1842. It was last used in 1957, abolished for murder in 1961, and abolished altogether, including for treason, in 1989. During the period that it was in effect, 85 people were executed.", "title": "Capital punishment in New Zealand" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After the revolt of Kent under Eadberht III Præn was defeated in 798 by Coenwulf, Cuthred was established as a client king. During Cuthred's reign, the Archbishopric of Lichfield was formally abolished at the Council of Clovesho on 12 October 803, and the Archbishopric of Canterbury thus regained the status of which Offa of Mercia had sought to deprive it. Cuthred's reign also saw the first raids of Kent by the Vikings. After his death in 807, Cœnwulf seems to have acted as King of Kent.", "title": "Cuthred of Kent" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Huexotla is considered to hold vestiges of the most important ancient Acolhuacan reign in the east of the Mexico highlands plateau.", "title": "Huejotla" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rajendra Chola I or Rajendra I was a Chola emperor of India who succeeded his father Rajaraja Chola I to the throne in 1014 CE. He is considered as one of the greatest emperors of India. During his reign, he extended the influence of the Chola empire to the banks of the river Ganga in North India and across the Indian ocean to the West, making the Chola Empire one of the most powerful empires of India. Rajendra's conquests included Sri Lanka, Maldives, and he successfully invaded the territories of Srivijaya in Malaysia, Southern Thailand and Indonesia in South East Asia. The Cholas exacted tribute from Thailand and the Khmer kingdom of Cambodia. He defeated Mahipala, the Pala king of Bengal and Bihar, and to commemorate his victory he built a new capital city called Gangaikonda Cholapuram.", "title": "Rajendra Chola I" } ]

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[ { "answer": "During World War II", "id": 30390, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "When did Hayek start working on Abuse of Reason?" }, { "answer": "much of the European industrial infrastructure had been destroyed", "id": 92972, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "what was an economic effect of #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the \"sense data\" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During World War II, Hayek began the ‘Abuse of Reason’ project. His goal was to show how a number of then-popular doctrines and beliefs had a common origin in some fundamental misconceptions about the social science. In his philosophy of science, which has much in common with that of his good friend Karl Popper, Hayek was highly critical of what he termed scientism: a false understanding of the methods of science that has been mistakenly forced upon the social sciences, but that is contrary to the practices of genuine science. Usually, scientism involves combining the philosophers' ancient demand for demonstrative justification with the associationists' false view that all scientific explanations are simple two-variable linear relationships.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jason Altom (6 October 1971 – 15 August 1998) was a Ph.D. student working in the research group of Nobel laureate Elias James Corey at Harvard University. He killed himself by taking potassium cyanide in 1998, citing in his suicide note \"abusive research supervisors\" as one reason for taking his life. Altom was studying a complex natural product and felt enormous pressure to finish the molecule before starting his academic career.", "title": "Suicide of Jason Altom" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1929, Lionel Robbins assumed the helm of the London School of Economics (LSE). Eager to promote alternatives to what he regarded as the narrow approach of the school of economic thought that then dominated the English-speaking academic world (centred at the University of Cambridge and deriving largely from the work of Alfred Marshall), Robbins invited Hayek to join the faculty at LSE, which he did in 1931. According to Nicholas Kaldor, Hayek's theory of the time-structure of capital and of the business cycle initially \"fascinated the academic world\" and appeared to offer a less \"facile and superficial\" understanding of macroeconomics than the Cambridge school's.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While there is some dispute as to the matter of influence, Popper had a long-standing and close friendship with economist Friedrich Hayek, who was also brought to the London School of Economics from Vienna. Each found support and similarities in the other's work, citing each other often, though not without qualification. In a letter to Hayek in 1944, Popper stated, \"I think I have learnt more from you than from any other living thinker, except perhaps Alfred Tarski.\" Popper dedicated his Conjectures and Refutations to Hayek. For his part, Hayek dedicated a collection of papers, Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, to Popper, and in 1982 said, \"...ever since his Logik der Forschung first came out in 1934, I have been a complete adherent to his general theory of methodology.\"", "title": "Karl Popper" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arthur M. Diamond argues Hayek's problems arise when he goes beyond claims that can be evaluated within economic science. Diamond argued that: “The human mind, Hayek says, is not just limited in its ability to synthesize a vast array of concrete facts, it is also limited in its ability to give a deductively sound ground to ethics. Here is where the tension develops, for he also wants to give a reasoned moral defense of the free market. He is an intellectual skeptic who wants to give political philosophy a secure intellectual foundation. It is thus not too surprising that what results is confused and contradictory.”", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The principle of double effect -- also known as the rule of double effect; the doctrine of double effect, often abbreviated as DDE or PDE, double - effect reasoning; or simply double effect -- is a set of ethical criteria which Christian philosophers, and some others, have advocated for evaluating the permissibility of acting when one's otherwise legitimate act (for example, relieving a terminally ill patient's pain) may also cause an effect one would otherwise be obliged to avoid (sedation and a slightly shortened life). The first known example of double - effect reasoning is Thomas Aquinas' treatment of homicidal self - defense, in his work Summa Theologica.", "title": "Principle of double effect" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Also in 1931, Hayek critiqued Keynes's Treatise on Money (1930) in his \"Reflections on the pure theory of Mr. J. M. Keynes\" and published his lectures at the LSE in book form as Prices and Production. Unemployment and idle resources are, for Keynes, caused by a lack of effective demand; for Hayek, they stem from a previous, unsustainable episode of easy money and artificially low interest rates. Keynes asked his friend Piero Sraffa to respond. Sraffa elaborated on the effect of inflation-induced \"forced savings\" on the capital sector and about the definition of a \"natural\" interest rate in a growing economy. Others who responded negatively to Hayek's work on the business cycle included John Hicks, Frank Knight, and Gunnar Myrdal. Kaldor later wrote that Hayek's Prices and Production had produced \"a remarkable crop of critics\" and that the total number of pages in British and American journals dedicated to the resulting debate \"could rarely have been equalled in the economic controversies of the past.\"", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Supreme Court Economic Review is an academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press. The journal applies economic and legal scholarship to the work of the United States Supreme Court. Articles consider the implicit or explicit economic reasoning employed by the Court to reach its decisions, and explains the economic consequences of the Court's decisions. \"SCER\" is published in conjunction with the Law and Economics Center at the George Mason University School of Law.", "title": "Supreme Court Economic Review" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With regard to a safety net, Hayek advocated \"some provision for those threatened by the extremes of indigence or starvation, be if only in the interest of those who require protection against acts of desperation on the part of the needy.\" As referenced in the section on \"The economic calculation problem,\" Hayek wrote that \"there is no reason why... the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance.\" Summarizing on this topic, Wapshott writes \"[Hayek] advocated mandatory universal health care and unemployment insurance, enforced, if not directly provided, by the state.\" Bernard Harcourt says that \"Hayek was adamant about this.\" In the 1973 Law, Legislation, and Liberty, Hayek wrote:", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "At the end of the war, millions of people were dead and millions homeless, the European economy had collapsed, and much of the European industrial infrastructure had been destroyed. The Soviet Union, too, had been heavily affected. In response, in 1947, U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall devised the ``European Recovery Program '', which became known as the Marshall Plan. Under the plan, during 1948 -- 1952 the United States government allocated US $13 billion (US $139 billion in 2016 dollars) for the reconstruction of Western Europe.", "title": "Aftermath of World War II" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayek's principal investigations in economics concerned capital, money, and the business cycle. Mises had earlier applied the concept of marginal utility to the value of money in his Theory of Money and Credit (1912), in which he also proposed an explanation for \"industrial fluctuations\" based on the ideas of the old British Currency School and of Swedish economist Knut Wicksell. Hayek used this body of work as a starting point for his own interpretation of the business cycle, elaborating what later became known as the \"Austrian Theory of the Business Cycle\". Hayek spelled out the Austrian approach in more detail in his book, published in 1929, an English translation of which appeared in 1933 as Monetary Theory and the Trade Cycle. There he argued for a monetary approach to the origins of the cycle. In his Prices and Production (1931), Hayek argued that the business cycle resulted from the central bank's inflationary credit expansion and its transmission over time, leading to a capital misallocation caused by the artificially low interest rates. Hayek claimed that \"the past instability of the market economy is the consequence of the exclusion of the most important regulator of the market mechanism, money, from itself being regulated by the market process\".", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Friedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Gunnar Myrdal for his \"pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and ... penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena.\"", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayek is widely recognised for having introduced the time dimension to the equilibrium construction and for his key role in helping inspire the fields of growth theory, information economics, and the theory of spontaneous order. The \"informal\" economics presented in Milton Friedman's massively influential popular work Free to Choose (1980), is explicitly Hayekian in its account of the price system as a system for transmitting and co-ordinating knowledge. This can be explained by the fact that Friedman taught Hayek's famous paper \"The Use of Knowledge in Society\" (1945) in his graduate seminars.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayek's work on the microeconomics of the choice theoretics of investment, non-permanent goods, potential permanent resources, and economically-adapted permanent resources mark a central dividing point between his work in areas of macroeconomics and that of almost all other economists. Hayek's work on the macroeconomic subjects of central planning, trade cycle theory, the division of knowledge, and entrepreneurial adaptation especially, differ greatly from the opinions of macroeconomic \"Marshallian\" economists in the tradition of John Maynard Keynes and the microeconomic \"Walrasian\" economists in the tradition of Abba Lerner.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayek had made contact with many at the U. of Chicago in the 1940s, with Hayek's The Road to Serfdom playing a seminal role in transforming how Milton Friedman and others understood how society works. Hayek conducted a number in influential faculty seminars while at the U. of Chicago, and a number of academics worked on research projects sympathetic to some of Hayek's own, such as Aaron Director, who was active in the Chicago School in helping to fund and establish what became the \"Law and Society\" program in the University of Chicago Law School. Hayek, Frank Knight, Friedman and George Stigler worked together in forming the Mont Pèlerin Society, an international forum for libertarian economists. Hayek and Friedman cooperated in support of the Intercollegiate Society of Individualists, later renamed the Intercollegiate Studies Institute, an American student organisation devoted to libertarian ideas.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1984, he was appointed as a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom on the advice of the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his \"services to the study of economics\". Hayek had hoped to receive a baronetcy, and after he was awarded the CH he sent a letter to his friends requesting that he be called the English version of Friedrich (Frederick) from now on. After his 20 min audience with the Queen, he was \"absolutely besotted\" with her according to his daughter-in-law, Esca Hayek. Hayek said a year later that he was \"amazed by her. That ease and skill, as if she'd known me all my life.\" The audience with the Queen was followed by a dinner with family and friends at the Institute of Economic Affairs. When, later that evening, Hayek was dropped off at the Reform Club, he commented: \"I've just had the happiest day of my life.\"", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1950, Hayek left the London School of Economics for the University of Chicago, where he became a professor in the Committee on Social Thought. Hayek's salary was funded not by the university, but by an outside foundation. University of Chicago President Robert Hutchins was in the midst of a war with the U. of Chicago faculty over departmental autonomy and control, and Hayek got caught in the middle of that battle. Hutchins had been attempting to force all departments to adopt the neo-Thomist Great Books program of Mortimer Adler, and the U. of Chicago economists were sick of Hutchins' meddling. As the result the Economics department rejected Hutchins' pressure to hire Hayek, and Hayek became a part of the new Committee on Social Thought.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayek's influence on the development of economics is widely acknowledged. Hayek is the second-most frequently cited economist (after Kenneth Arrow) in the Nobel lectures of the prize winners in economics, which is particularly striking since his own lecture was critical of the field of orthodox economics and neo-classical modelisation. A number of Nobel Laureates in economics, such as Vernon Smith and Herbert A. Simon, recognise Hayek as the greatest modern economist. Another Nobel winner, Paul Samuelson, believed that Hayek was worthy of his award but nevertheless claimed that \"there were good historical reasons for fading memories of Hayek within the mainstream last half of the twentieth century economist fraternity. In 1931, Hayek's Prices and Production had enjoyed an ultra-short Byronic success. In retrospect hindsight tells us that its mumbo-jumbo about the period of production grossly misdiagnosed the macroeconomics of the 1927–1931 (and the 1931–2007) historical scene\". Despite this comment, Samuelson spent the last 50 years of his life obsessed with the problems of capital theory identified by Hayek and Böhm-Bawerk, and Samuelson flatly judged Hayek to have been right and his own teacher, Joseph Schumpeter, to have been wrong on the central economic question of the 20th century, the feasibility of socialist economic planning in a production goods dominated economy.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "South Carolina", "id": 129721, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "In which state is Zubly Cemetery located?" }, { "answer": "Edmund Bellinger", "id": 40482, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "From whom did the Huguenots in #1 purchase land from?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ute Cemetery, known as Evergreen Cemetery in the 19th century, is located on Ute Avenue in Aspen, Colorado, United States. It is a small, overgrown parcel with approximately 200 burials. In 2002 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "title": "Ute Cemetery" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Snoma Finnish Cemetery is a cemetery located about 3.5 miles southeast of Fruitdale, in Butte County, South Dakota, United States. In 1885, a small Finnish community called Snoma was founded nearby, and the residents built the cemetery. It was added to the National Register of Historical Places on November 13, 1985.", "title": "Snoma Finnish Cemetery" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Geelong Eastern Cemetery is a cemetery located in the city of Geelong, Victoria in Australia. The cemetery dates back to 1839.", "title": "Geelong Eastern Cemetery" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to the colony of Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County. When they arrived, colonial authorities offered them instead land 20 miles above the falls of the James River, at the abandoned Monacan village known as Manakin Town, now in Powhatan County. Some settlers landed in present-day Chesterfield County. On 12 May 1705, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown. Of the original 390 settlers in the isolated settlement, many had died; others lived outside town on farms in the English style; and others moved to different areas. Gradually they intermarried with their English neighbors. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, descendants of the French migrated west into the Piedmont, and across the Appalachian Mountains into the West of what became Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and other states. In the Manakintown area, the Huguenot Memorial Bridge across the James River and Huguenot Road were named in their honor, as were many local features, including several schools, including Huguenot High School.", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Millville Cemetery is located on East Shelby Road (Orleans County Route 18) in Millville, New York, United States. It was established in 1871 as a rural cemetery, expanding on an early burial ground.", "title": "Millville Cemetery" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The cemetery has had various titles including The Cemetery by the Common, Hill Lane Cemetery and is currently known as Southampton Old Cemetery. An Act of Parliament was required in 1843 to acquire the land from Southampton Common. It covers an area of and the total number of burials is estimated at 116,800. Currently there are 6 to 8 burials a year to existing family plots.", "title": "Southampton Old Cemetery" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fort Meade National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located near the city of Sturgis in Meade County, South Dakota. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses . It is maintained by Black Hills National Cemetery.", "title": "Fort Meade National Cemetery" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bukit Kiara Muslim Cemetery is a cemetery in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is located at Damansara near Taman Tun Dr Ismail. This cemetery can be seen from the Damansara Link of the Sprint Expressway. It is the final resting place of many prominent Malay personalities.", "title": "Bukit Kiara Muslim Cemetery" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hudson engaged in the insurance business in Lansing, Michigan. He was State purchasing agent in 1939 and State tax commissioner in 1940. Hudson died in Kalamazoo and was interred in Mount Hope Cemetery in Lansing.", "title": "Grant M. Hudson" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oakfield Cemetery (also known as the Old Burying Ground) is a 70 X 438 tract of land located on Oakfield Avenue in Wantagh, New York, in the United States. It is covered with grass and lined with sporadically placed oak trees, and is surrounded by residential homes. Backyard fencing of homes also surrounds the land on both sides. The cemetery is now kept locked to keep vandals out. It was first deeded as a cemetery on March 18, 1851, and is noted as the second cemetery in the area to be used by Black residents of Wantagh, many of whom were descendants of freed Jackson family slaves. It is most noted as being the final resting place of four black Civil War soldiers. The Town of Hempstead takes care of this property. It is nicknamed by area residents as \"Indian Burying Ground.\"", "title": "Oakfield Cemetery (Wantagh, New York)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Springfield National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in the city of Springfield, in Greene County, Missouri. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses , and as of the end of 2005, had 14,685 interments.", "title": "Springfield National Cemetery" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Presbyterian Burying Ground, also known as the Old Presbyterian Burying Ground, was a historic cemetery which existed between 1802 and 1909 in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., in the United States. It was one of the most prominent cemeteries in the city until the 1860s. Burials there tapered significantly after Oak Hill Cemetery was founded nearby in 1848. The Presbyterian Burying Ground closed to new burials in 1887, and about 500 to 700 bodies were disinterred after 1891 when an attempt was made to demolish the cemetery and use the land for housing. The remaining graves fell into extensive disrepair. After a decade of effort, the District of Columbia purchased the cemetery in 1909 and built Volta Park there, leaving nearly 2,000 bodies buried at the site. Occasional human remains and tombstones have been discovered at the park since its construction. A number of figures important in the early history of Georgetown and Washington, D.C., military figures, politicians, merchants, and others were buried at Presbyterian Burying Ground.", "title": "Presbyterian Burying Ground" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fort Scott National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located in Fort Scott, in Bourbon County, Kansas. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses , and as of 2014, had more than 7,000 interments. It is one of three national cemeteries in Kansas (the other two being Fort Leavenworth and Leavenworth).", "title": "Fort Scott National Cemetery" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Ganong Cemetery is a cemetery located in Westland, Michigan, USA. It is named after a local farmer who set aside a portion of his farm land for burials in 1832. It contains approximately 350 interments. It is currently owned by Wayne County and no longer open for further burials.", "title": "William Ganong Cemetery" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenot families of Norman and Carolingian nobility and descent, including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk England from the Humphrey de Bohun line of French royalty descended from Charlemagne, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations.", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The other large cemeteries are the Cementerio del Buceo, Cementerio del Cerro, and Cementerio Paso Molino. The British Cemetery Montevideo (Cementerio Británico) is another of the oldest cemeteries in Uruguay, located in the Buceo neighborhood. Many noblemen and eminent persons are buried there. The cemetery originated when the Englishman Mr. Thomas Samuel Hood purchased a plot of land in the name of the English residents in 1828. However, in 1884 the government compensated the British by moving the cemetery to Buceo to accommodate city growth. A section of the cemetery, known as British Cemetery Montevideo Soldiers and Sailors, contains the graves of quite a number of sailors of different nationalities, although the majority are of British descent. One United States Marine, Henry de Costa, is buried here.", "title": "Montevideo" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Silver Mount Cemetery is located at 918 Victory Boulevard on Staten Island, New York, United States. It was originally named Cooper Cemetery around 1866. It covers about 17 acres.", "title": "Silver Mount Cemetery" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A number of former cemeteries in Singapore were cleared of graves with the land redeveloped during the second half of the twentieth century. The cemeteries had closed when they were either full or were relocated. The records and histories of some of these cemeteries are now left.", "title": "Former cemeteries in Singapore" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Zubly Cemetery near Beech Island, South Carolina, which is a small community in Aiken County, South Carolina was established around 1790 by Swiss settlers of the nearby New Windsor Township. It illustrates the vernacular burial customs of the period. The town of New Windsor, settled in 1737, eventually became an outpost for Indian traders. Zubly Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 28, 2002.", "title": "Zubly Cemetery" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mulkey Cemetery is a small historic cemetery located in the south hills of Eugene, Oregon, United States, in the Hawkins Heights portion of the Churchill neighborhood.", "title": "Mulkey Cemetery" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Venice", "id": 147171, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "Where did Francesco Fontebasso live when he died?" }, { "answer": "for the conclave in Rome", "id": 27537, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Why did Roncalli leave #1 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sabatino was born in Naples and became one of the late baroque Neapolitan composers centred on the Music conservatories of Naples and the opera at the Teatro di San Carlo typified by Porpora, Leonardo Leo, Francesco Durante. In November 1774 Sabatino directed his own music for the funeral of Niccolò Jommelli.", "title": "Nicola Sabatino" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roncalli High School is a Catholic high school located in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is located on the south side of Indianapolis and run by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Roncalli is named for Pope John XXIII, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli.", "title": "Roncalli High School (Indiana)" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pope Saint John XXIII (Latin: Ioannes XXIII; Italian: Giovanni XXIII) born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli,[a] Italian pronunciation: [ˈandʒelo dʒuˈzɛppe roŋˈkalli]; 25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) reigned as Pope from 28 October 1958 to his death in 1963 and was canonized on 27 April 2014. Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was the fourth of fourteen children born to a family of sharecroppers who lived in a village in Lombardy. He was ordained to the priesthood on 10 August 1904 and served in a number of posts, including papal nuncio in France and a delegate to Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey. In a consistory on 12 January 1953 Pope Pius XII made Roncalli a cardinal as the Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca in addition to naming him as the Patriarch of Venice.", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 12 January 1953, he was appointed Patriarch of Venice and, accordingly, raised to the rank of Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca by Pope Pius XII. Roncalli left France for Venice on 23 February 1953 stopping briefly in Milan and then to Rome. On 15 March 1953, he took possession of his new diocese in Venice. As a sign of his esteem, the President of France, Vincent Auriol, claimed the ancient privilege possessed by French monarchs and bestowed the red biretta on Roncalli at a ceremony in the Élysée Palace. It was around this time that he, with the aid of Monsignor Bruno Heim, formed his coat of arms with a lion of Saint Mark on a white ground. Auriol also awarded Roncalli three months later with the award of Commander of the Legion of Honour.", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fornaretto of Venice (Italian:Il fornaretto di Venezia) is a 1939 Italian historical drama film directed by Duilio Coletti and starring Roberto Villa, Elsa De Giorgi and Clara Calamai. It is an adaptation of the 1846 play of the same title by Francesco Dall'Ongaro, which has been adapted into films on several occasions. It was made at the Cinecittà studios in Rome.", "title": "The Fornaretto of Venice" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "L'isola non trovata is an album of Italian singer-songwriter Francesco Guccini. It was released in December 1970 by EMI, under the nickname \"Francesco\".", "title": "L'isola non trovata" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Colonna was born at Marino in 1490, a fief of the Colonna family in the Alban Hills near Rome. She was the daughter of Fabrizio Colonna, grand constable of the kingdom of Naples, and of Agnese da Montefeltro, daughter of the Duke of Urbino. She was engaged in 1495 at the age of 3 years old to \"Ferrante\" Fernando Francesco d'Ávalos, son of the marquese di Pescara, at the insistence of Ferdinand, King of Naples.", "title": "Vittoria Colonna" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francesco Fausto Nitti (born 2 September 1899 in Pisa – died 28 May 1974, in Rome) was a journalist and fighter against fascism. His father Vincenzo (1871–1957) was evangelical preacher of the Italian Methodist Church. His mother was Paola Ciari (1870–1932).", "title": "Francesco Fausto Nitti" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roncalli was summoned to the final ballot of the conclave at 4:00 pm. He was elected pope at 4:30 pm with a total of 38 votes. After the long pontificate of Pope Pius XII, the cardinals chose a man who – it was presumed because of his advanced age – would be a short-term or \"stop-gap\" pope. They wished to choose a candidate who would do little during the new pontificate. Upon his election, Cardinal Eugene Tisserant asked him the ritual questions of whether he would accept and if so, what name he would take for himself. Roncalli gave the first of his many surprises when he chose \"John\" as his regnal name. Roncalli's exact words were \"I will be called John\". This was the first time in over 500 years that this name had been chosen; previous popes had avoided its use since the time of the Antipope John XXIII during the Western Schism several centuries before.", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Blind Woman of Sorrento (Italian:La cieca di Sorrento) is a 1953 Italian historical melodrama film directed by Giacomo Gentilomo and starring Antonella Lualdi, Paul Campbell and Enzo Biliotti. The film is based on the novel of the same title by Francesco Mastriani and is the third time that it has been filmed. It is set in the nineteenth century in Sorrento in southern Italy.", "title": "The Blind Woman of Sorrento (1952 film)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Louis François Antoine Arbogast (4 October 1759 – 8 April 1803) was a French mathematician. He was born at Mutzig in Alsace and died at Strasbourg, where he was professor. He wrote on series and the derivatives known by his name: he was the first writer to separate the symbols of operation from those of quantity, introducing systematically the operator notation \"DF\" for the derivative of the function \"F\". In 1800, he published a calculus treatise where the first known statement of what is currently known as Faà di Bruno's formula appears, 55 years before the first published paper of Francesco Faà di Bruno on that topic.", "title": "Louis François Antoine Arbogast" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francesco Paolo Bonifacio (May 3, 1923 in Castellammare di Stabia – March 14, 1989 in Rome) was an Italian politician and jurist, a Minister of Justice and President of the Constitutional Court of Italy.", "title": "Francesco Paolo Bonifacio" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After leaving Congress, he resumed the practice of his profession. He died in Hamilton Square on February 22, 1875, and was interred in the Presbyterian Church Cemetery.", "title": "George R. Robbins" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Montini and Angelo Roncalli were considered to be friends, but when Roncalli, as Pope John XXIII announced a new Ecumenical Council, Cardinal Montini reacted with disbelief and said to Giulio Bevilacqua: \"This old boy does not know what a hornets nest he is stirring up.\" He was appointed to the Central Preparatory Commission in 1961. During the Council, his friend Pope John XXIII asked him to live in the Vatican. He was a member of the Commission for Extraordinary Affairs but did not engage himself much into the floor debates on various issues. His main advisor was Monsignore Giovanni Colombo, whom he later appointed to be his successor in Milan The Commission was greatly overshadowed by the insistence of John XXIII to have the Council complete all its work in one single session before Christmas 1962, to the 400th anniversary of the Council of Trent, an insistence which may have also been influenced by the Pope's recent knowledge that he had cancer.", "title": "Pope Paul VI" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francesco Piranesi (; 1758/59 – 23 January 1810) was an Italian engraver, etcher and architect. He was the son of the more famous Giovanni Battista Piranesi and continued his series of engravings representing monuments and ancient temples. He worked for a long period in France, where he lived during the French Revolution.", "title": "Francesco Piranesi" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forever Mery (), is a 1989 Italian drama film directed by Marco Risi and released in 1989. It stars Michele Placido, Claudio Amendola, Alessandra Di Sanzo, Francesco Benigno, Roberto Mariano, Maurizio Prollo, Filippo Genzardi, Alfredo Li Bassi, Salvatore Termini, Luigi Maria Burruano, Gianluca Favilla, Giovanni Alamia and Tony Sperandeo.", "title": "Forever Mery" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "His sister Ancilla would soon be diagnosed with stomach cancer in the early 1950s. Roncalli's last letter to her was dated on 8 November 1953 where he promised to visit her within the next week. He could not keep that promise, as Ancilla died on 11 November 1953 at the time when he was consecrating a new church in Venice. He attended her funeral back in his hometown. In his will around this time, he mentioned that he wished to be buried in the crypt of Saint Mark's in Venice with some of his predecessors rather than with the family in Sotto il Monte.", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In February 1939, he received news from his sisters that his mother was dying. On 10 February 1939, Pope Pius XI died. Roncalli was unable to see his mother for the end as the death of a pontiff meant that he would have to stay at his post until the election of a new pontiff. Unfortunately, she died on 20 February 1939, during the nine days of mourning for the late Pius XI. He was sent a letter by Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, and Roncalli later recalled that it was probably the last letter Pacelli sent until his election as Pope Pius XII on 2 March 1939. Roncalli expressed happiness that Pacelli was elected, and, on radio, listened to the coronation of the new pontiff.", "title": "Pope John XXIII" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Francesco Fontebasso (4 October 1707 – 31 May 1769) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque or Rococo period of Venice. He first apprenticed with Sebastiano Ricci, but was strongly influenced by his contemporary, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo. In 1761, Fontebasso visited Saint Petersburg and produced ceiling paintings and decorations for the Winter Palace. Fontebasso returned to Venice in 1768. He helped decorate a chapel in San Francesco della Vigna.", "title": "Francesco Fontebasso" } ]

[ "Rome", "Roma" ]

[ { "answer": "in Houston", "id": 12039, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Where do most university graduates stay after acquiring a degree?" }, { "answer": "erosion of the Rocky Mountains", "id": 11957, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "What geological event caused the foundations of the land beneath #1 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Einars Repše graduated from Latvia State University (now known as University of Latvia) in 1986 with a degree in physics (specialisation – radio electronics).", "title": "Einars Repše" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ian Quayle Jones was educated at Strathallan School in Perthshire, Scotland and the University of Edinburgh, graduating with a degree in law.", "title": "Ian Quayle Jones" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The son of a prominent regional land developer, McNaughton is a native of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. He graduated Central Dauphin East High School in 1981. He earned a degree in management and finance from Elizabethtown College in 1985 and a law degree from Widener University School of Law in 2003.", "title": "Mark S. McNaughton" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Denise Nurse studied Law and graduated from the University of Liverpool in 1997. She then studied at University of Law for her professional degrees.", "title": "Denise Nurse" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Underpinning Houston's land surface are unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands up to several miles deep. The region's geology developed from river deposits formed from the erosion of the Rocky Mountains. These sediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic marine matter, that over time, transformed into oil and natural gas. Beneath the layers of sediment is a water-deposited layer of halite, a rock salt. The porous layers were compressed over time and forced upward. As it pushed upward, the salt dragged surrounding sediments into salt dome formations, often trapping oil and gas that seeped from the surrounding porous sands. The thick, rich, sometimes black, surface soil is suitable for rice farming in suburban outskirts where the city continues to grow.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Lagos, Nigeria, Samuel Oboh studied architecture at the Bendel State University - now Ambrose Alli University - for his bachelor's degree (B.Sc) and he earned a Master of Science degree in architecture from the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. He graduated from the University of Alberta with a Master of Arts where he was a recipient of the Herbert Marshall McLuhan Graduate Student Award.", "title": "Samuel Oboh" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A native of Sault Ste. Marie, she completed her studies in physiotherapy and occupational therapy at the University of Toronto and received a BSc degree at the University of Western Ontario and an MSc degree at McGill University. She also graduated as a Doctor of Philosophy in rehabilitation science at McGill.", "title": "Sharon Johnston" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Edeline Lee was born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and completed a Bachelor of Arts degree with First Class Joint Honors at McGill University in 1999. She completed her Foundation in Arts and Design at Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in 2000 and in 2006 graduated with a First from Central Saint Martins with a BA (Honours) Fashion Design Womenswear.", "title": "Edeline Lee" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Wayman attended Northwestern University where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in science engineering and a Master of Business Administration degree.", "title": "Robert Wayman" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Richard Rakowski graduated from Lehman College in 1973 with a bachelor's degree in political science. He then served as a Rotary Foundation ambassador of good will in Germany, where he studied the Holocaust.", "title": "Richard Rakowski" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rob Larter graduated from Durham University in 1982 with a degree in Geology. At the University of Birmingham he completed a PhD in Geological Sciences in 1991. He was a Research Associate with the Antarctic Marine Group at Birmingham University from 1983 to 1987.", "title": "Rob Larter" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The University of California, Irvine (UCI or UC Irvine) is a public research university located in Irvine, California. It is one of the 10 campuses in the University of California (UC) system. UC Irvine offers 87 undergraduate degrees and 129 graduate and professional degrees. The university is classified as a Research I university and in 2017 had $361 million in research and development expenditures, according to the National Science Foundation. UC Irvine became a member of the Association of American Universities in 1996 and is the youngest university to hold membership. It is considered to be one of the \"Public Ivies,\" meaning that it is among those publicly funded universities thought to provide a quality of education comparable to that of the Ivy League.", "title": "University of California, Irvine" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Moinuddin Ahmed Chowdhury passed his matriculation examination from Dinajpur Zilla School in the 1937 and acquired his B.A. degree in 1942 from Ripon College, Kolkata, Later, he acquired a master's degree in Islamic History from the University of Calcutta in 1945.", "title": "Moinuddin Ahmed Chowdhury" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The University of Houston System's annual impact on the Houston area's economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new funds attracted annually to the Houston area, $3.13 billion in total economic benefit and 24,000 local jobs generated. This is in addition to the 12,500 new graduates the U.H. System produces every year who enter the workforce in Houston and throughout the state of Texas. These degree-holders tend to stay in Houston. After five years, 80.5% of graduates are still living and working in the region.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mansour was born in Cairo. He graduated from Cairo University Law School in 1967, earned a postgraduate degree in law in 1969, studied economics and earned a postgraduate degree in management science from Cairo University in 1970. He later attended France's École nationale d'administration (ENA) and graduated in 1977.", "title": "Adly Mansour" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Burch graduated from the University of Kansas in 1999 with a degree in computer engineering and is married to Mary Burch.", "title": "Matt Burch" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michael Melkonian studied Biology at the University of Hamburg 1968–1978, receiving a Diploma degree in Botany in 1974. He remained in Hamburg to complete a doctorate in Botany (plant physiology) in 1978. In 1978 he moved, as an Assistant Professor to the Botany Department at the University of Münster, where he stayed until his appointment as Full Professor and Chair of Botany at the University of Cologne in 1988. In 1982 he was Visiting Assistant Professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University (Bronx, N.Y.). From 1986–1988 he was a Heisenberg Fellow of the German Research Foundation (DFG). Since 2001 Melkonian is also Director of the Culture Collection of Algae at the University of Cologne (CCAC).", "title": "Michael Melkonian" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Obi Emelonye, a former professional footballer and law professional graduated from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, with BA (Hons) Theatre Arts degree (1990). He went on to study for an LLB Law degree from the University of Wolverhampton (1998). He completed a post-graduate degree in Legal Practice from London Metropolitan University (2002) and practised Law for a few years before focusing on his first love: film.", "title": "Obi Emelonye" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The daughter of Minnesota Supreme Court Justice John E. Simonett, Anne Simonett received a degree in music from Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin. She received a masters degree in music performance, graduating \"magna cum laude\" from Yale University. She received her law degree from Harvard University in 1981.", "title": "Anne Simonett" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Lin graduated with a bachelor and master of commerce degree from the National Chengchi University in Taiwan. He earned his master of science degree from Georgetown University in the United States.", "title": "David Lin" } ]

[ "Rocky Mountains" ]

[ { "answer": "Queen Victoria", "id": 35566, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "Who did Martha Ann Ricks present the famed Liberian coffee tree to?" }, { "answer": "palace was seldom used, even neglected", "id": 17873, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "What happened to Buckingham after #1 left?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Martha Anne Smith (born October 16, 1952) is an American actress, model and real estate broker. Smith attended Michigan State University, where she acquired fluency in French and Italian.", "title": "Martha Smith" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Love Is a Racket (UK title: Such Things Happen) is a 1932 American pre-Code romantic comedy-drama film, starring Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. and Ann Dvorak. The movie was written by Courtney Terrett from the novel by Rian James, and directed by William A. Wellman.", "title": "Love Is a Racket" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ann Arbor was founded in 1824, named for wives of the village's founders and the stands of Bur Oak trees. The University of Michigan moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as a center for left-wing politics. Ann Arbor became a focal point for political activism and served as a hub for the civil-rights movement and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as various student movements.", "title": "Ann Arbor, Michigan" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tamanique is a municipality in the La Libertad department of El Salvador, about 17 miles northwest of El Puerto La Libertad. Tamanique is known for coffee growing and avocado trees. Its population is 5,000 (including surrounding areas).", "title": "Tamanique" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Liberia has a long, rich history in textile arts and quilting, as the settlers brought with them their sewing and quilting skills. Liberia hosted National Fairs in 1857 and 1858 in which prizes were awarded for various needle arts. One of the most well-known Liberian quilters was Martha Ann Ricks, who presented a quilt featuring the famed Liberian coffee tree to Queen Victoria in 1892. When President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf moved into the Executive Mansion, she reportedly had a Liberian-made quilt installed in her presidential office.", "title": "Liberia" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "They Dare Not Love is a 1941 romantic war drama film directed by James Whale and starring George Brent, Martha Scott and Paul Lukas. Whale left the picture before the end of production; it was the last film released to credit him as director.", "title": "They Dare Not Love" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olives are not native to the Americas. Spanish colonists brought the olive to the New World, where its cultivation prospered in present - day Peru and Chile. The first seedlings from Spain were planted in Lima by Antonio de Rivera in 1560. Olive tree cultivation quickly spread along the valleys of South America's dry Pacific coast where the climate was similar to the Mediterranean. Spanish missionaries established the tree in the 18th century in California. It was first cultivated at Mission San Diego de Alcalá in 1769 or later around 1795. Orchards were started at other missions, but in 1838, an inspection found only two olive orchards in California. Cultivation for oil gradually became a highly successful commercial venture from the 1860s onward. In Japan, the first successful planting of olive trees happened in 1908 on Shodo Island, which became the cradle of olive cultivation. An estimated 865 million olive trees are in the world today (as of 2005), and the vast majority of these are found in Mediterranean countries, with traditionally marginal areas accounting for no more than 25% of olive - planted area and 10% of oil production.", "title": "Olive" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Milady de Winter, often referred to as simply Milady, is a fictional character in the novel \"The Three Musketeers\" (1844) by Alexandre Dumas, père, set in 1625 France. She is a spy for Cardinal Richelieu and is one of the dominant antagonists of the story. Her role in the first part of the book is to seduce the English Prime Minister, the Duke of Buckingham, who is also the secret lover of Queen Anne of France. Hoping to blackmail the Queen, Richelieu orders Milady to steal two diamonds from a set of matched studs given to Buckingham by the Queen, which were a gift to her from her husband, King Louis XIII. Thwarted by d'Artagnan and the other musketeers, Milady's opposition of d'Artagnan carries much of the second half of the novel.", "title": "Milady de Winter" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ten years later, Marsh was mailed a promo copy of \"You Left the Water Running\" by Redding on Stone Records (the flipside was an instrumental called \"The Otis Jam\", which was produced by John Fred, of \"Judy in Disguise (with Glasses)\" fame). Marsh was fascinated by the song, and mentioned the new single to several friends, including his attorney, who also happened to represent the Redding estate. He soon found out that Stone Records had not obtained the Redding family's permission to release the long-lost demo recording, and demanded the single be pulled from circulation.", "title": "You Left the Water Running" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Xen Coffee is an independent siphon coffee bar in Hong Kong. Xen Coffee's first coffee shop was in Quarry Bay. Xen Coffee serves highly selective coffee varieties from Africa, Indonesia, Central and South Americas. Xen Coffee was awarded Best Fair Trade Cafe in Hong Kong for its effort as a pioneer in promoting Fair Trade products like chocolate from Ghana, organic coffee from Ethiopian Yirgacheffe and the rainforest of Guatemala in Hong Kong. \"Time Out\" magazine (Hong Kong edition) has selected Xen Coffee as one of Hong Kong's 20 Best Coffee Spots. Xen Coffee has also been covered in \"My Coffee Guide\" written by Moses Chan, a coffee geek and celebrity in Hong Kong. Helen Chow, the head Siphonist of Xen Coffee was awarded the title of World Siphonist by the Specialty Coffee Association of Japan (SCAJ) to honor her achievement as second runner-up in the World Siphonist Championship (WSC) 2010. The founder of Xen Coffee, Dixon Ip, is the first person in China to obtain certifications from both the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA) and Coffee Quality Institute (CQI) as SCAA Cupping Judge and CQI Licensed Q Grader. Xen Coffee focuses on educating the local community on coffee beyond espresso and promoting the concept of enjoying specialty coffee from single origins.", "title": "Xen Coffee" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Vestal Goodman died at the age 74 of complications from influenza while on Christmas vacation in Florida with her family. She died in the ambulance on the way to the hospital in Celebration, Florida. Her son Rick said it was very appropriate for her death that it would happen in a place called Celebration.", "title": "Vestal Goodman" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Coffee Day Global Limited Cafe Coffee Day logo Trading name Café Coffee Day Type Subsidiary of Coffee Day Enterprises Limited Traded as BSE: 539436 NSE: COFFEEDAY (parent company) ISIN INE335K01011 Industry Coffeehouse Founded 1996; 22 years ago (1996) Headquarters Coffee Day Square, Vittal Mallya Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Number of locations 1,556 (17 October 2015) Area served India, Austria, Czech Republic, Malaysia and Egypt Key people V.G. Siddhartha (Chairman) Products Coffee Tea Pastries cappuccino beverages Smoothies Revenue ₹13.26 billion (US $210 million) (2015) Number of employees 5000 + Parent Coffee Day Enterprises Limited Subsidiaries Café Emporio Coffee Day Fresh 'n Ground Coffee Day Xpress Coffee Day Take Away Coffee Day Exports Coffee Day Perfect Coffee Day Beverages Website www.cafecoffeeday.com", "title": "Café Coffee Day" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Martha Ansara (born 9 September 1942) is a documentary filmmaker whose films on social issues have won international prizes and been screened in Australia, the UK, Europe and North America. Ansara was one of the first women in Australia to work as a cinematographer, is a full member of the Australian Cinematographers Society (ACS) and was inducted into the ACS Hall of Fame in 2015. Martha is a Life Member of the Australian Directors Guild and a founding member of Ozdox, the Australian Documentary Forum. She has also worked as a film lecturer and film writer and has been active in the trade union, women's and peace movements.", "title": "Martha Ansara" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: \"These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business.\" Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dancing Trees (Partners in Crime) is a Canadian drama thriller film directed by Anne Wheeler and written by Joseph Nasser. Its cast features Brooke Burns, Katie Boland and Amanda Tapping.", "title": "Dancing Trees" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Anne Aston (born Anne Lloyd, 1 January 1948 in Glasgow, Scotland) is an actress and television presenter best known as the hostess of \"The Golden Shot\" in the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "title": "Anne Aston" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The origin and history of coffee dates back to the 10th century, and possibly earlier with a number of reports and legends surrounding its first use. The native (undomesticated) origin of coffee is thought to have been Ethiopia. The earliest substantiated evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree is from the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen. By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, South India (Coorg), Persia, Turkey, Horn of Africa, and northern Africa. Coffee then spread to the Balkans, Italy and to the rest of Europe, to South East Asia and then to America.", "title": "History of coffee" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Second Liberian Civil War Part of the Liberian Civil Wars Liberian government soldiers fighting in the Old Bridge in Monrovia. Date 21 April 1999 -- 18 August 2003 (4 years, 3 months and 4 weeks) Location Liberia Result LURD / MODEL victory Charles Taylor exiled to Nigeria Transitional Government of Liberia installed Accra Peace Agreement signed United Nations Mission in Liberia deployed Belligerents Liberian government Armed Forces of Liberia ATU SOD SSS NPFL militias RUF Rebel groups: LURD MODEL Supported by: Sierra Leone Guinea United Kingdom United States Commanders and leaders Charles Taylor Benjamin Yeaten Chucky Taylor Sam Bockarie Sekou Conneh Thomas Nimely Casualties and losses 150,000 -- 300,000 people killed", "title": "Second Liberian Civil War" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The University of Buckingham (UB) is a non-profit, private university in the UK and the oldest of the country's five private universities. It is located in Buckingham, England, and was founded as the University College at Buckingham (UCB) in 1973, admitting its first students in 1976. It was granted university status by royal charter in 1983. Buckingham offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees and doctoral degrees through five \"schools\" (or faculties) of study.", "title": "University of Buckingham" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buckingham Chantry Chapel (also known as the Old Latin School) is a 15th-century chapel and a National Trust property in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, England. The chapel is the oldest building in Buckingham and is noted in particular for its Norman doorway. Few buildings in Buckingham date to before the 18th century, as a large fire destroyed much of the town in 1725. The chapel is a Grade II* listed building, being added to the list by English Heritage on 13 October 1952.", "title": "Buckingham Chantry Chapel" } ]

[ "palace", "Palace" ]

[ { "answer": "Georgia", "id": 130404, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "What is the name of the state where WDXQ is located?" }, { "answer": "May 21, 1979", "id": 59180, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "when was devil went down to #1 written" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Deathless Devil () is a 1972 Turkish action film, co-written, produced and directed by Yılmaz Atadeniz, starring Kunt Tulgar as a young man who takes up his father's mantle as masked crimefighter Copperhead to defeat the evil Dr. Satan. The film, which went on nationwide general release on , was released in the US by Mondo Macabro in 2005 on a double-bill DVD with \"Tarkan Versus the Vikings\". The film is a remake of the 1940 serial \"Mysterious Doctor Satan\".", "title": "The Deathless Devil" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Devil Hole Run (also known as Devil's Hole Run) is a tributary of Little Fishing Creek in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately long and flows through Pine Township. The stream is mostly surrounded by forested land and it is part of a Locally Significant Area listed on the Columbia County Natural Areas Inventory. It has a single named tributary. Plantlife common in the vicinity of the stream include hemlock trees. Trout inhabit the stream itself.", "title": "Devil Hole Run" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "WDXQ (1440 AM) is a radio station licensed to Cochran, Georgia, United States. The station is currently owned by John Timms, through licensee Central Georgia Radio LLC. The station's programming is duplicated by FM translator W244CL, operating at 96.7 MHz.", "title": "WDXQ" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``Stay ''is a song by American rock band Black Stone Cherry, written by the band along with Joey Moi. Black Stone Cherry recorded it on their 2011 album Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea, produced by Howard Benson.", "title": "Stay (Black Stone Cherry song)" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Devil's Slide is a coastal promontory in California, United States. It lies on the San Mateo County coast between Pacifica and Montara.", "title": "Devil's Slide (California)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Devil's Angels (also known as The Checkered Flag) is a 1967 American outlaw biker film written by Charles B. Griffith and directed by Daniel Haller. It stars John Cassavetes.", "title": "Devil's Angels" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Devil Has Seven Faces (, also known as The Devil with Seven Faces) is a 1971 Italian giallo film directed and co-written by Osvaldo Civirani. It starred George Hilton, Carroll Baker and Luciano Pigozzi. The film has also been released on video as \"Bloody Mary\" (US) and \"Nights of Terror\" (UK).", "title": "The Devil Has Seven Faces" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dr. Devil and Mr. Hare is a Warner Bros. \"Merrie Melodies\" theatrical cartoon short released on March 28, 1964, starring Bugs Bunny and the Tasmanian Devil. It was directed by Robert McKimson. It was produced by David H. DePatie. The cartoon was animated by Ted Bonnicksen, Warren Batchelder, and George Grandpré. The cartoon was written by John Dunn.", "title": "Dr. Devil and Mr. Hare" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "``The Devil Went Down to Georgia ''Single by Charlie Daniels from the album Million Mile Reflections B - side`` Rainbow Ride'' Released May 21, 1979 Genre Bluegrass, country, country rock Length 3: 34 Label Epic Songwriter (s) Charlie Daniels Tom Crain ``Taz ''DiGregorio Fred Edwards Charles Hayward James W. Marshall Producer (s) John Boylan Charlie Daniels singles chronology`` Trudy'' (1978) ``The Devil Went Down to Georgia ''(1979)`` Mississippi'' (1979) ``Trudy ''(1978)`` The Devil Went Down to Georgia'' (1979) ``Mississippi ''(1979)", "title": "The Devil Went Down to Georgia" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Devil's Courthouse is a mountain in the Appalachian Mountains of western North Carolina in the United States of America. The mountain is located at the Western edge of the Pisgah National Forest about 10 miles (16 kilometers) northwest of Brevard and 28 miles (45 kilometers) southwest of Asheville. Located at milepost 422.4 (kilometer 679.8 km) of the Blue Ridge Parkway, the Devil's Courthouse has a moderate/strenuous trail climbing a half mile to its peak where panoramic views can be seen.", "title": "Devil's Courthouse" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Teufelsbäder (\"Devil's Baths\") is the name of a moor landscape near Osterode am Harz in the Harz Mountains of central Germany. It lies within the nature reserve of the same name southeast of Augustental on the B 243 federal road.", "title": "Teufelsbäder" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Race with the Devil is a 1975 American action horror film directed by Jack Starrett, written by Wes Bishop and Lee Frost, and starring Peter Fonda, Warren Oates, Loretta Swit, and Lara Parker. This was the second of three films Fonda and Oates would star in together (\"The Hired Hand\" (1971) was their first, and \"92 in the Shade\" (1975) was their third). \"Race with the Devil\" is a hybrid of the horror, action, and car chase genres.", "title": "Race with the Devil" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ramsey Crossing is an unincorporated community in Placer County, California. Ramsey Crossing is located in Long Canyon, north of Devil Peak. It lies at an elevation of 3681 feet (1122 m).", "title": "Ramsey Crossing, California" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Sea Devil\" (SSN-664), a \"Sturgeon\"-class attack submarine, was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named for the sea devil (\"Manta birostria\"), also known as the manta ray or devil ray, the largest of all living rays, noted for power and endurance.", "title": "USS Sea Devil (SSN-664)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Loup Garou (French for \"werewolf\") is an album released in 1995 by Willy DeVille. First released in Europe in 1995 on the EastWest label, it was released the following year in the United States on the Discovery label. It was recorded in Los Angeles and produced by John Philip Shenale, who also produced DeVille’s \"Backstreets of Desire\" album.", "title": "Loup Garou (album)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Black God, White Devil (; literally, God and the Devil in the Land of the Sun) is a 1964 Brazilian film directed and written by Glauber Rocha. The film stars Othon Bastos, Maurício do Valle, Yoná Magalhães, and Geraldo Del Rey. It belongs to the Cinema Novo movement, addressing the socio-political problems of 1960s Brazil. The film was released on DVD in North America for the first time by Koch-Lorber Films.", "title": "Black God, White Devil" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Devil's Highway is a 2005 American horror film directed by Fabien Pruvot, written by Jennifer Farrell, and starring Shane Brolly, Robert Miano, Al Sapienza, and Natassia Malthe as passengers on a bus who are targeted by a demon.", "title": "Devil's Highway (film)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "South Channel is a small channel in the United States located in Massachusetts Bay near Boston, Massachusetts. It runs alongside Devils Back and Aldridge Ledge from northeast of Ram Head to the western coast of Commissioners Ledge.", "title": "South Channel" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Devils Fork State Park is in northwestern South Carolina on the eastern edge of the Sumter National Forest at the edge of 7,500-acre (3,035 ha) Lake Jocassee. It is located three miles (5 km) off SC 11, the Cherokee Scenic Highway, near the town of Salem, South Carolina.", "title": "Devils Fork State Park" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Mollhausen Mountains are found in the Mojave Desert of California in the United States. The small range is found south of Interstate 15 southwest of the town of Baker. The mountains are located at the northwestern edge of the Devils Playground and south of the Soda Mountains.", "title": "Mollhausen Mountains" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Pakistan", "id": 161507, "paragraph_support_idx": 9, "question": "What country is this landmark in?" }, { "answer": "Mian Saqib Nisar", "id": 77849, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "who is the newly elected chief justice of #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Madras Presidency legislative council election, 1923 ← 1920 31 October - 10 November 1923 1926 → 98 seats in Madras Legislative Council First party Second party Third party Leader Sir P. Theagaroya Chetty C.R. Reddy S. Srinivasa Iyengar Party Justice Party Anti-Ministerialists SP Seats won 44 37 11 Seat change - 21 + 37 + 11 Chief Minister before election Panagal Raja Justice Party Elected Chief Minister Panagal Raja Justice Party", "title": "1923 Madras Presidency Legislative Council election" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chief Justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. As such, he is head of the United States federal court system, which functions as the judicial branch of the nation's federal government. The Chief Justice is one of nine Supreme Court justices; the other eight have the title Associate Justice.", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Jay resigned as Chief Justice on June 29, 1795, after being elected Governor of New York. The subsequent nomination of John Rutledge as Chief Justice was rejected by a vote of 10 -- 14 on December 15, 1795. Rutledge's strident and vocal opposition to the Jay Treaty may have been the main reason for his rejection. Because he had been a recess appointment, Rutledge served as Chief Justice for one term. Washington nominated Associate Justice William Cushing to replace him as Chief Justice, but Cushing declined the role. Washington then successfully appointed Oliver Ellsworth to serve as the next Chief Justice.", "title": "Unsuccessful nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The chief executive of West Virginia is the governor of West Virginia, who is elected to a four - year term at the same time as presidential elections. The governor is sworn in the January following the November election. A governor may only serve two consecutive terms. A governor may run for a third term, but an interceding election must occur. Democrat Jim Justice was elected governor in 2016, defeating Bill Cole in the general election.", "title": "Government of West Virginia" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dr Frank Themba Mdlalose was the first Premier of the newly renamed KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa, after the African National Congress (ANC) won the country's first all-inclusive general election in April 1994.", "title": "Frank Mdlalose" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The appeal was essentially one of judicial review and was heard at the King's Bench division by Lord Chief Justice Hewart. In a landmark and far - reaching judgement, Lord Hewart CJ said:", "title": "R v Sussex Justices, ex parte McCarthy" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 -- March 8, 1930) was the 27th President of the United States (1909 -- 1913) and the tenth Chief Justice of the United States (1921 -- 1930), the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected president in 1908, the chosen successor of Theodore Roosevelt, but was defeated for re-election by Woodrow Wilson in 1912 after Roosevelt split the Republican vote by running as a third - party candidate. In 1921, President Warren G. Harding appointed Taft to be chief justice, a position in which he served until a month before his death.", "title": "William Howard Taft" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan Incumbent Justice Sardar Muhammad Raza Khan since 06 December 2014 Term length 3 Years Formation 25 March 1956 First holder FM Khan Website Election Commission of Pakistan", "title": "Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, 17 persons have served as chief justice. The first was John Jay (1789 -- 1795). The current chief justice is John Roberts (since 2005). Four -- Edward Douglass White, Charles Evans Hughes, Harlan Fiske Stone, and William Rehnquist -- were previously confirmed for associate justice and subsequently confirmed for chief justice separately.", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Masherbrum (Urdu: ما شربرم ‎; formerly known as K1) is located in the Ghanche District, Gilgit Baltistan of Pakistan. At 7,821 metres (25,659 ft) it is the 22nd highest mountain in the world and the 9th highest in Pakistan. It was the first mapped peak in the Karakoram mountain range, hence the designation \"K1\".", "title": "Masherbrum" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Gauhati High Court High Court Building Established 5 April 1948 Country India Location Principal Seat: Guwahati, Assam Circuit Benches: Kohima, Aizawl & Itanagar Composition method Presidential with confirmation of Chief Justice of India and Governor of respective state. Authorized by Constitution of India Decisions are appealed to Supreme Court of India Judge term length mandatory retirement by age of 62 No. of positions 24 (17 + 7) Website www.ghconline.gov.in Chief Justice Currently Ajit Singh Since 5 March 2016", "title": "Gauhati High Court" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "India's independent union judicial system began under the British, and its concepts and procedures resemble those of Anglo-Saxon countries. The Supreme Court of India consists of the chief justice and 30 associate justices, all appointed by the president on the advice of the Chief Justice of India. The jury trials were abolished in India in the early 1960s, after the famous case KM Nanavati v. State of Maharashtra, for reasons of being vulnerable to media and public pressure, as well as to being misled.", "title": "Government of India" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Chief Justice of Singapore is the highest post in the judicial system of Singapore. The Chief Justice is appointed by the President, chosen from candidates recommended by the Prime Minister. The incumbent Chief Justice is Sundaresh Menon.", "title": "Chief Justice of Singapore" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Laura Denvir Stith (born October 30, 1953) has been a judge on the Supreme Court of Missouri since 2001. She was elected by her fellow Supreme Court justices to serve a two-year term as Chief Justice, from July 1, 2007, to June 30, 2009, becoming the second woman to serve as Missouri's highest-ranking jurist.", "title": "Laura Denvir Stith" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current Chief Justice is Sophia Akuffo. She succeeded Georgina Wood who was Ghana's first female Chief Justice. Akuffo was sworn in as Chief Justice by President Akufo - Addo on 19 June 2017.", "title": "Chief Justice of Ghana" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1966, a report by the Administrative Reforms Commission recommended the setting up of Lokpal at the federal level and Lokayukta in the states, for the redressal of citizen's grievances. Therefore, Maharashtra established its Lokayukta in 1971.   The Lokayukta Ordinance Act 1979, was excercised by D. Devaraj Urs, then Chief Minister of Karnataka, and the first Lokayukta to be appointed was then retired Chief Justice of Rajasthan High court, Justice C. Honniah. The same institution was abolished when R. Gundu Rao became the chief minister of Karnataka, after the demise of D. Devaraj Urs. The institution was again re introduced after Ramakrishna Hegde, became then Chief Minister of Karnataka, and introduced the Lokayukta and Upa Lokayukta Bill in the assembly as their 1983 election promise. It came into force through the Karnataka Lokayukta Act, 1984. Then, Mysore State Vigilance Commission which formed in 1965 to investigate corruption cases in the state was abolished. The pending cases before the commission was transferred to the newly formed Lokayukta. It had two jurisdictions: to investigate corruption and to probe government inaction.", "title": "Karnataka Lokayukta" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Justice Dipak Misra (born 3 October 1953) is the Chief Justice of India. He is the 45th Chief Justice of India (CJI), succeeding the 44th CJI, Justice J.S. Khehar. He is a judge of the Supreme Court of India and a former Chief Justice of the Patna and Delhi High Courts. He is the nephew of Justice Ranganath Mishra, who was the 21st CJI during 1990 - 91. He hails from the State of Odisha.", "title": "Dipak Misra" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This article is part of the series on the United States Supreme Court The Court Decisions Procedure History Court Building Current membership Chief Justice John Roberts Associate Justices Anthony Kennedy Clarence Thomas Ruth Bader Ginsburg Stephen Breyer Samuel Alito Sonia Sotomayor Elena Kagan Neil Gorsuch Retired Associate Justices John Paul Stevens Sandra Day O'Connor David Souter All members List of all members by court by seat by time in office by education Succession Timeline List of Chief Justices List of Associate Justices Specialty lists All nominations Unsuccessful nominations Nominations late in presidency Court demographics Justices who served in Congress Ideological leanings of justices Court functionaries Clerks Reporter of Decisions Supreme Court Police Other countries Law Portal", "title": "Chief Justice of the United States" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current Chief Justice is the Hon'ble Mr. Justice Mohammad Yaqoob Mir who took oath as Chief Justice on 21 May 2018.", "title": "Meghalaya High Court" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The first Chief Justice was Sir Abdul Rashid. The current Chief Justice is Mian Saqib Nisar; incumbent since 31 December 2016.", "title": "Chief Justice of Pakistan" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "During World War II", "id": 30390, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "When did Hayek start working on Abuse of Reason?" }, { "answer": "two alliances", "id": 36634, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "How many groups were involved in conflict of #1 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayek's work on the microeconomics of the choice theoretics of investment, non-permanent goods, potential permanent resources, and economically-adapted permanent resources mark a central dividing point between his work in areas of macroeconomics and that of almost all other economists. Hayek's work on the macroeconomic subjects of central planning, trade cycle theory, the division of knowledge, and entrepreneurial adaptation especially, differ greatly from the opinions of macroeconomic \"Marshallian\" economists in the tradition of John Maynard Keynes and the microeconomic \"Walrasian\" economists in the tradition of Abba Lerner.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "From 1962 until his retirement in 1968, he was a professor at the University of Freiburg, West Germany, where he began work on his next book, Law, Legislation and Liberty. Hayek regarded his years at Freiburg as \"very fruitful\". Following his retirement, Hayek spent a year as a visiting professor of philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he continued work on Law, Legislation and Liberty, teaching a graduate seminar by the same name and another on the philosophy of social science. Primary drafts of the book were completed by 1970, but Hayek chose to rework his drafts and finally brought the book to publication in three volumes in 1973, 1976 and 1979.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jason Altom (6 October 1971 – 15 August 1998) was a Ph.D. student working in the research group of Nobel laureate Elias James Corey at Harvard University. He killed himself by taking potassium cyanide in 1998, citing in his suicide note \"abusive research supervisors\" as one reason for taking his life. Altom was studying a complex natural product and felt enormous pressure to finish the molecule before starting his academic career.", "title": "Suicide of Jason Altom" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayek's principal investigations in economics concerned capital, money, and the business cycle. Mises had earlier applied the concept of marginal utility to the value of money in his Theory of Money and Credit (1912), in which he also proposed an explanation for \"industrial fluctuations\" based on the ideas of the old British Currency School and of Swedish economist Knut Wicksell. Hayek used this body of work as a starting point for his own interpretation of the business cycle, elaborating what later became known as the \"Austrian Theory of the Business Cycle\". Hayek spelled out the Austrian approach in more detail in his book, published in 1929, an English translation of which appeared in 1933 as Monetary Theory and the Trade Cycle. There he argued for a monetary approach to the origins of the cycle. In his Prices and Production (1931), Hayek argued that the business cycle resulted from the central bank's inflationary credit expansion and its transmission over time, leading to a capital misallocation caused by the artificially low interest rates. Hayek claimed that \"the past instability of the market economy is the consequence of the exclusion of the most important regulator of the market mechanism, money, from itself being regulated by the market process\".", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Australia, Saturday Night Footy (formerly as Saturday Night Football) is the broadcasting of Australian Football League (AFL) Saturday night matches on television. \"Saturday Night Footy\" is generally considered to be one of the biggest stages and generates publicity for the clubs involved. It is for this reason that clubs involved generally want to perform at their best to avoid large-scale criticism from the media. The Seven Network have the broadcast rights for the AFL starting from the 2012 season.", "title": "Saturday Night Footy" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1978, Hayek came into conflict with the Liberal Party leader, David Steel, who claimed that liberty was possible only with \"social justice and an equitable distribution of wealth and power, which in turn require a degree of active government intervention\" and that the Conservative Party were more concerned with the connection between liberty and private enterprise than between liberty and democracy. Hayek claimed that a limited democracy might be better than other forms of limited government at protecting liberty but that an unlimited democracy was worse than other forms of unlimited government because \"its government loses the power even to do what it thinks right if any group on which its majority depends thinks otherwise\".", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With regard to a safety net, Hayek advocated \"some provision for those threatened by the extremes of indigence or starvation, be if only in the interest of those who require protection against acts of desperation on the part of the needy.\" As referenced in the section on \"The economic calculation problem,\" Hayek wrote that \"there is no reason why... the state should not help to organize a comprehensive system of social insurance.\" Summarizing on this topic, Wapshott writes \"[Hayek] advocated mandatory universal health care and unemployment insurance, enforced, if not directly provided, by the state.\" Bernard Harcourt says that \"Hayek was adamant about this.\" In the 1973 Law, Legislation, and Liberty, Hayek wrote:", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayek had made contact with many at the U. of Chicago in the 1940s, with Hayek's The Road to Serfdom playing a seminal role in transforming how Milton Friedman and others understood how society works. Hayek conducted a number in influential faculty seminars while at the U. of Chicago, and a number of academics worked on research projects sympathetic to some of Hayek's own, such as Aaron Director, who was active in the Chicago School in helping to fund and establish what became the \"Law and Society\" program in the University of Chicago Law School. Hayek, Frank Knight, Friedman and George Stigler worked together in forming the Mont Pèlerin Society, an international forum for libertarian economists. Hayek and Friedman cooperated in support of the Intercollegiate Society of Individualists, later renamed the Intercollegiate Studies Institute, an American student organisation devoted to libertarian ideas.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During World War II, Hayek began the ‘Abuse of Reason’ project. His goal was to show how a number of then-popular doctrines and beliefs had a common origin in some fundamental misconceptions about the social science. In his philosophy of science, which has much in common with that of his good friend Karl Popper, Hayek was highly critical of what he termed scientism: a false understanding of the methods of science that has been mistakenly forced upon the social sciences, but that is contrary to the practices of genuine science. Usually, scientism involves combining the philosophers' ancient demand for demonstrative justification with the associationists' false view that all scientific explanations are simple two-variable linear relationships.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Friedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Gunnar Myrdal for his \"pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and ... penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena.\"", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Iraq War was a protracted armed conflict that began in 2003 with the invasion of Iraq by a United States - led coalition that overthrew the government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the occupying forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government. An estimated 151,000 to 600,000 or more Iraqis were killed in the first 3 -- 4 years of conflict. The U.S. became re-involved in 2014 at the head of a new coalition; the insurgency and many dimensions of the civil armed conflict continue. The invasion occurred as part of a declared war against international terrorism and its sponsors under the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush following the September 11 terrorist attacks.", "title": "Iraq War" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Kristian has been involved in audio for media since the early 1980s, when he first started work as an animation and experimental filmmaker at a New-Brunswick, Canada TV station. Upon relocating to Montreal, Kristian decided to abandon film-making in order to focus on a music career, first as a solo artist, then as the keyboardist and synthesist for the group Psyche, with whom he recorded \"The Influence\" in Germany.", "title": "David Kristian" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union controlled Allied policy and emerged as the \"Big Three\". The Republic of China and the Big Three were referred as a \"trusteeship of the powerful\" and were recognized as the Allied \"Big Four\" in Declaration by United Nations in 1942. These four countries were referred as the \"Four Policemen\" of the Allies and considered as the primary victors of World War II. The importance of France was acknowledged by their inclusion, along with the other four, in the group of countries allotted permanent seats in the United Nations Security Council.", "title": "Great power" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although Mali has enjoyed a reasonably good inter-ethnic relationships based on the long history of coexistence, some hereditary servitude and bondage relationship exist, as well as ethnic tension between settled Songhai and nomadic Tuaregs of the north. Due to a backlash against the northern population after independence, Mali is now in a situation where both groups complain about discrimination on the part of the other group. This conflict also plays a role in the continuing Northern Mali conflict where there is a tension between both Tuaregs and the Malian government, and the Tuaregs and radical Islamists who are trying to establish sharia law.", "title": "Mali" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading economic theorists in the world, and his development of the economics of processes in time and the co-ordination function of prices inspired the ground-breaking work of John Hicks, Abba Lerner, and many others in the development of modern microeconomics.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the University of Vienna, Hayek earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively; and he also studied philosophy, psychology, and economics. For a short time, when the University of Vienna closed, Hayek studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab, and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach, inspired Hayek's first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the \"sense data\" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The convergence of these various sources into a uniform theory of groups started with Camille Jordan's Traité des substitutions et des équations algébriques (1870). Walther von Dyck (1882) introduced the idea of specifying a group by means of generators and relations, and was also the first to give an axiomatic definition of an \"abstract group\", in the terminology of the time. As of the 20th century, groups gained wide recognition by the pioneering work of Ferdinand Georg Frobenius and William Burnside, who worked on representation theory of finite groups, Richard Brauer's modular representation theory and Issai Schur's papers. The theory of Lie groups, and more generally locally compact groups was studied by Hermann Weyl, Élie Cartan and many others. Its algebraic counterpart, the theory of algebraic groups, was first shaped by Claude Chevalley (from the late 1930s) and later by the work of Armand Borel and Jacques Tits.", "title": "Group (mathematics)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hayek's influence on the development of economics is widely acknowledged. Hayek is the second-most frequently cited economist (after Kenneth Arrow) in the Nobel lectures of the prize winners in economics, which is particularly striking since his own lecture was critical of the field of orthodox economics and neo-classical modelisation. A number of Nobel Laureates in economics, such as Vernon Smith and Herbert A. Simon, recognise Hayek as the greatest modern economist. Another Nobel winner, Paul Samuelson, believed that Hayek was worthy of his award but nevertheless claimed that \"there were good historical reasons for fading memories of Hayek within the mainstream last half of the twentieth century economist fraternity. In 1931, Hayek's Prices and Production had enjoyed an ultra-short Byronic success. In retrospect hindsight tells us that its mumbo-jumbo about the period of production grossly misdiagnosed the macroeconomics of the 1927–1931 (and the 1931–2007) historical scene\". Despite this comment, Samuelson spent the last 50 years of his life obsessed with the problems of capital theory identified by Hayek and Böhm-Bawerk, and Samuelson flatly judged Hayek to have been right and his own teacher, Joseph Schumpeter, to have been wrong on the central economic question of the 20th century, the feasibility of socialist economic planning in a production goods dominated economy.", "title": "Friedrich Hayek" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Poland", "id": 29191, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "Where was Frederic Chopin from?" }, { "answer": "Kaliningrad Oblast", "id": 59955, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "what country is in between #1 and lithuania" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit in Paris in 1839, Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. On 26 July 1840 Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale, composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution. Chopin was reportedly unimpressed with the composition.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mozart's Requiem was sung at the funeral; the soloists were the soprano Jeanne-Anais Castellan, the mezzo-soprano Pauline Viardot, the tenor Alexis Dupont, and the bass Luigi Lablache; Chopin's Preludes No. 4 in E minor and No. 6 in B minor were also played. The organist at the funeral was Louis Lefébure-Wély. The funeral procession to Père Lachaise Cemetery, which included Chopin's sister Ludwika, was led by the aged Prince Adam Czartoryski. The pallbearers included Delacroix, Franchomme, and Camille Pleyel. At the graveside, the Funeral March from Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2 was played, in Reber's instrumentation.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Krzysztof Wiesiołowski (died 1637) was a Polish nobleman, starost of Tykocin and Supraśl, Stolnik of Lithuania and Ciwun of Wilno before 1620, Court Marshal of Lithuania from 1619, Krajczy of Lithuania from 1620, and Grand Marshal of Lithuania from 1635.", "title": "Krzysztof Wiesiołowski" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for piano six of Chopin's Polish songs. A less fraught friendship was with Alkan, with whom he discussed elements of folk music, and who was deeply affected by Chopin's death.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The novel is divided into five sections. In the first, Frederic Henry, an American paramedic serving in the Italian Army, is introduced to Catherine Barkley, an English nurse, by his good friend and roommate, Rinaldi, a surgeon. Frederic attempts to seduce her; although he does n't want a serious relationship, his feelings for Catherine build. Frederic is wounded in the knee by a mortar on the Italian Front and sent to a hospital in Milan, where Catherine is also sent.", "title": "A Farewell to Arms" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kaunas County () is one of ten counties of Lithuania. It is in the centre of the country, and its capital is Kaunas. On 1 July 2010, the county administration was abolished .", "title": "Kaunas County" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin's music remains very popular and is regularly performed, recorded and broadcast worldwide. The world's oldest monographic music competition, the International Chopin Piano Competition, founded in 1927, is held every five years in Warsaw. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty societies world-wide devoted to the composer and his music. The Institute site also lists nearly 1,500 performances of Chopin works on YouTube as of January 2014.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Dūdlaukis (Jurbarkas, Lithuania) on March 13, 1951, Stoškus graduated in economics from the University of Vilnius in 1973. He has worked as a photographer since 1985, and since 1994 has worked for the National Museum of Lithuania.", "title": "Kęstutis Stoškus" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Storm ''is a short story written by American writer Kate Chopin in 1898. The setting of the story takes place during the 19th Century somewhere in the south where storms are frequent and dangerous. It did not appear in print in Chopin's lifetime, but it was published in The Complete Works of Kate Chopin in 1969. This story is the sequel to Chopin's`` At the 'Cadian Ball''.", "title": "The Storm (short story)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eurolot S.A. (previously styled as EuroLOT) was a Polish regional airline based in Warsaw. Apart from its own flights under the \"eurolot.com\" brand, it operated short-haul flights for LOT Polish Airlines, as well as ad-hoc charter flights. Its main base was Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport (when operating for LOT), whilst its own flights centre on its hubs at John Paul II Kraków Airport and Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport. The airline had its head office in the LOT Polish Airlines headquarters in Warsaw. Eurolot ended operations on 31 March 2015.", "title": "Eurolot" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1836, at a party hosted by Marie d'Agoult, Chopin met the French author George Sand (born [Amantine] Aurore [Lucile] Dupin). Short (under five feet, or 152 cm), dark, big-eyed and a cigar smoker, she initially repelled Chopin, who remarked, \"What an unattractive person la Sand is. Is she really a woman?\" However, by early 1837 Maria Wodzińska's mother had made it clear to Chopin in correspondence that a marriage with her daughter was unlikely to proceed. It is thought that she was influenced by his poor health and possibly also by rumours about his associations with women such as d'Agoult and Sand. Chopin finally placed the letters from Maria and her mother in a package on which he wrote, in Polish, \"My tragedy\". Sand, in a letter to Grzymała of June 1838, admitted strong feelings for the composer and debated whether to abandon a current affair in order to begin a relationship with Chopin; she asked Grzymała to assess Chopin's relationship with Maria Wodzińska, without realising that the affair, at least from Maria's side, was over.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the late 12th-century, a school of polyphony was established at the Notre-Dame. A group of Parisian aristocrats, known as Trouvères, became known for their poetry and songs. Troubadors were also popular. During the reign of Francois I, the lute became popular in the French court, and a national musical printing house was established. During the Renaissance era, the French Boleroroyals \"disported themselves in masques, ballets, allegorical dances, recitals, and opera and comedy\". Baroque-era composers include Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, and François Couperin and were popular. The Conservatoire de Musique de Paris was founded in 1795. By 1870, Paris had become an important centre for symphony, ballet and operatic music. Romantic-era composers (in Paris) include Hector Berlioz (La Symphonie fantastique), Charles Gounod (Faust), Camille Saint-Saëns (Samson et Delilah), Léo Delibes (Lakmé) and Jules Massenet (Thaïs), among others. Georges Bizet's Carmen premiered 3 March 1875. Carmen has since become one of the most popular and frequently-performed operas in the classical canon; Impressionist composers Claude Debussy ((La Mer) and Maurice Ravel (Boléro) also made significant contributions to piano (Clair de lune, Miroirs), orchestra, opera (Palléas et Mélisande), and other musical forms. Foreign-born composers have made their homes in Paris and have made significant contributions both with their works and their influence. They include Frédéric Chopin (Poland), Franz Liszt (Hungary), Jacques Offenbach (Germany), and Igor Stravinsky (Russia).", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Lithuania Propria and in Samogitia prior to the creation of the Kingdom of Lithuania by Mindaugas, nobles were named die beste leuten in sources that were written in German language. In the Lithuanian language nobles were named ponai. The higher nobility were named 'kunigai' or 'kunigaikščiai' (dukes)—i.e., loanword from Scandinavic konung. They were the established local leaders and warlords. During the development of the state they gradually became subordinated to higher dukes, and later to the King of Lithuania. Because of expansion of Lithuanian duchy into lands of Ruthenia in the mid of 14th century a new term appeared to denominate nobility bajorai—from Ruthenian (modern Ukrainian and Belarusian languages) бояре. This word to this day is used in Lithuanian language to name nobility, not only for own, but also for nobility of other countries.", "title": "Szlachta" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Klaipėda (German: Memel), an important seaport in East Prussia, was detached from Germany by Article 28 of the Treaty of Versailles and was governed by the Allies according to Article 99. France assumed administration of the region while Lithuania continued to lobby for its control, claiming that it should belong to Lithuania as it had a significant Lithuanian population (see Lithuania Minor) and was that country's only access to the Baltic Sea. Poland also laid claim to the territory. As the Allies were hesitant to make a decision and it seemed that the region would remain a free state much like the Free City of Danzig, Lithuania took the initiative and organized the Klaipėda Revolt in January 1923. Soviet Russia and Germany supported the action. The region, as an autonomous territory with its own parliament (Klaipėda Parliament), was attached to Lithuania. The region covered about 2,400 km² and had a population of approximately 140,000.During the 1920s, Lithuania and Germany maintained a relatively normal relationship as they were united by anti-Polish sentiment. In January 1928, after long and difficult negotiations, Germany and Lithuania signed a border treaty, which left Klaipėda on the Lithuanian side. However, tensions began rising in the 1930s after the Weimar Republic was replaced with Nazi Germany. An especially tense period came in February 1934 when the Lithuanian government arrested dozens of pro-Nazi activists. In response to these arrests and trials, Germany declared a boycott of Lithuanian agricultural imports. The boycott caused an economic crisis in Suvalkija (southern Lithuania), where farmers organized violent protests. However, after the plebiscite in Saar most of the pro-Nazi prisoners received amnesty. In the wake of the amnesties, Lithuanian prestige suffered both abroad and in Klaipėda, allowing Germany to strengthen its influence in the region.", "title": "1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rolandas Gimbutis (born 11 February 1981 in Vilnius, Lithuania) is a swimmer from Lithuania. He participated in the 2000, 2004, and 2008 Summer Olympics. National records holder.", "title": "Rolandas Gimbutis" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The British Library notes that \"Chopin's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era.\" The earliest recording was an 1895 performance by Paul Pabst of the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2. The British Library site makes available a number of historic recordings, including some by Alfred Cortot, Ignaz Friedman, Vladimir Horowitz, Benno Moiseiwitsch, Paderewski, Arthur Rubinstein, Xaver Scharwenka and many others. A select discography of recordings of Chopin works by pianists representing the various pedagogic traditions stemming from Chopin is given by Methuen-Campbell in his work tracing the lineage and character of those traditions.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frederic Jones (1832 – 8 September 1890) was a New Zealand politician. Originally from England, he settled in the colony in 1863 for health reasons.", "title": "Frederic Jones" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As a member of the European Union, Estonia is considered a high-income economy by the World Bank. The GDP (PPP) per capita of the country, a good indicator of wealth, was in 2015 $28,781 according to the IMF, between that of Slovak Republic and Lithuania, but below that of other long-time EU members such as Italy or Spain. The country is ranked 8th in the 2015 Index of Economic Freedom, and the 4th freest economy in Europe. Because of its rapid growth, Estonia has often been described as a Baltic Tiger beside Lithuania and Latvia. Beginning 1 January 2011, Estonia adopted the euro and became the 17th eurozone member state.", "title": "Estonia" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin's tombstone, featuring the muse of music, Euterpe, weeping over a broken lyre, was designed and sculpted by Clésinger. The expenses of the funeral and monument, amounting to 5,000 francs, were covered by Jane Stirling, who also paid for the return of the composer's sister Ludwika to Warsaw. Ludwika took Chopin's heart in an urn, preserved in alcohol, back to Poland in 1850.[n 9] She also took a collection of two hundred letters from Sand to Chopin; after 1851 these were returned to Sand, who seems to have destroyed them.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Kaliningrad (Russian: Калининград, IPA: (kəljɪnjɪnˈɡrat); former German name: Königsberg; Yiddish: קעניגסבערג, Kenigsberg; Russian: Кёнигсберг, tr. Kyonigsberg; Old Prussian: Twangste, Kunnegsgarbs, Knigsberg) is the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea.", "title": "Kaliningrad" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "New Zealand", "id": 51881, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "where is the lord of the rings filmed" }, { "answer": "after 1900", "id": 20590, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "When did #1 achieve self-government?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Considered to be one of the biggest and most ambitious film projects ever undertaken, with an overall budget of $281 million (some sources say $310 - $330 million), the entire project took eight years, with the filming for all three films done simultaneously and entirely in New Zealand, Jackson's native country. Each film in the series also had special extended editions released on DVD a year after their respective theatrical releases. While the films follow the book's general storyline, they do omit some of the novel's plot elements and include some additions to and deviations from the source material.", "title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elijah Jordan Wood (born January 28, 1981) is an American actor, voice actor, DJ, and producer. He is best known for his high - profile leading role as Frodo Baggins in Peter Jackson's epic film trilogy The Lord of the Rings (2001 -- 03).", "title": "Elijah Wood" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The music of The Lord of the Rings film series was composed, orchestrated, conducted and produced by Howard Shore. The scores are often considered to represent one of the greatest achievements in the history of film music in terms of length of the score, the size of the staged forces, the unusual instrumentation, the featured soloists, the multitude of musical styles and the number of recurring musical themes used.", "title": "Music of The Lord of the Rings film series" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Déagol is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. His story is related in \"The Fellowship of the Ring\", the first of three volumes comprising Tolkien's most famous novel, \"The Lord of the Rings\", in the chapter \"The Shadow of the Past\".", "title": "Déagol" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The One Ring is an artefact that appears as the central plot element in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (1954 -- 55). It is described in an earlier story, The Hobbit (1937), as a magic ring of invisibility. In the sequel, The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien ascribes to the Ring a darker character, with malevolent power going far beyond conferring invisibility: it was created by Sauron the Dark Lord as part of his design to win domination over Middle - earth. The Lord of the Rings concerns the quest to destroy the Ring to keep Sauron from fulfilling his design.", "title": "One Ring" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They are a New Zealand - American venture produced by WingNut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema.", "title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sarah McLeod (born 18 July 1971) is a New Zealand film and television actress. Her most notable role was in the Peter Jackson films The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King as Rosie Cotton, a female hobbit who marries Samwise Gamgee. Her daughter Maisy played Rosie and Sam's baby. McLeod also co-starred in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street as Cindy Watson from 2008 to 2009.", "title": "Sarah McLeod" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The One Ring was forged by the Dark Lord Sauron during the Second Age to gain dominion over the free peoples of Middle - earth. In disguise as Annatar, or ``Lord of Gifts '', he aided the Elven smiths of Eregion and their leader Celebrimbor in the making of the Rings of Power. He then forged the One Ring himself in the fires of Mount Doom.", "title": "One Ring" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andrew Clement Serkis (born 20 April 1964) is an English actor and director. He is best known for his performance capture roles comprising motion capture acting, animation and voice work for such computer - generated characters as Gollum in The Lord of the Rings film trilogy (2001 -- 2003) and The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012), King Kong in the eponymous 2005 film, Caesar in the Planet of the Apes reboot series (2011 -- 17), Captain Haddock / Sir Francis Haddock in Steven Spielberg's The Adventures of Tintin (2011), and Supreme Leader Snoke in the first two Star Wars sequel trilogy (Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015) and Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017)). Upcoming performance capture roles include Baloo in his self - directed film, Mowgli (2018).", "title": "Andy Serkis" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lord of the G-Strings: The Femaleship of the String is a 2003 American made for cable erotic film written and directed by Terry M. West. It is based on the novel \"The Lord of the Rings\" by J. R. R. Tolkien.", "title": "The Lord of the G-Strings: The Femaleship of the String" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The path to independence for the white colonies of the British Empire began with the 1839 Durham Report, which proposed unification and self-government for Upper and Lower Canada, as a solution to political unrest there. This began with the passing of the Act of Union in 1840, which created the Province of Canada. Responsible government was first granted to Nova Scotia in 1848, and was soon extended to the other British North American colonies. With the passage of the British North America Act, 1867 by the British Parliament, Upper and Lower Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were formed into the Dominion of Canada, a confederation enjoying full self-government with the exception of international relations. Australia and New Zealand achieved similar levels of self-government after 1900, with the Australian colonies federating in 1901. The term \"dominion status\" was officially introduced at the Colonial Conference of 1907.", "title": "British Empire" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Holm raised his profile in 1997 with two prominent roles, as the stressed but gentle priest Vito Cornelius in The Fifth Element and the tormented plaintiff's lawyer in The Sweet Hereafter. In 2001 he starred in From Hell as the physician Sir William Withey Gull. The same year he appeared as Bilbo Baggins in the blockbuster film The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, having previously played Bilbo's nephew Frodo Baggins in a 1981 BBC Radio adaptation of The Lord of the Rings. He reappeared in the trilogy in The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), for which he shared a SAG award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. He reprised his role as the elder Bilbo Baggins in the movie The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey and The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies.", "title": "Ian Holm" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Peter Jackson's The Hobbit film series, a prequel to The Lord of the Rings, the young Bilbo is portrayed by Martin Freeman while Ian Holm reprises his role as an older Bilbo in An Unexpected Journey (2012) and The Battle of the Five Armies (2014).", "title": "Bilbo Baggins" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Billy Boyd (born 28 August 1968) is a Scottish actor and musician. He played Peregrin ``Pippin ''Took in Peter Jackson's epic film trilogy The Lord of the Rings (2001 -- 2003), Barret Bonden in Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003) and Glen in Seed of Chucky.", "title": "Billy Boyd (actor)" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The music of The Lord of the Rings film series was composed, orchestrated, conducted and produced by Howard Shore. The scores are often considered to represent the greatest achievement in the history of film music in terms of length of the score, the size of the staged forces, the unusual instrumentation, the featured soloists, the multitude of musical styles and the number of leitmotifs used.", "title": "Music of The Lord of the Rings film series" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Through 2010, the party improved its vote in the Tasmanian and South Australian state elections and achieved state government in Victoria. In March 2011, the New South Wales Liberal-National Coalition led by Barry O'Farrell won government with the largest election victory in post-war Australian history at the State Election. In Queensland, the Liberal and National parties merged in 2008 to form the new Liberal National Party of Queensland (registered as the Queensland Division of the Liberal Party of Australia). In March 2012, the new party achieved Government in an historic landslide, led by former Brisbane Lord Mayor, Campbell Newman.", "title": "Liberal Party of Australia" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Billy Boyd (born 28 August 1968) is a Scottish actor. He played Peregrin ``Pippin ''Took in Peter Jackson's epic film trilogy The Lord of the Rings (2001 -- 2003), Barret Bonden in Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003) and Glen in Seed of Chucky.", "title": "Billy Boyd (actor)" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aragorn Middle - Earth character Full Name Aragorn II Elessar Telcontar Race Men Gender Male Kingdoms and Cultures Reunited Kingdom Dúnedain House of Isildur Númenórean Title (s) King of the Reunited Kingdom Birth 1 March, T.A. 2931 Death 1 March, F.A. 120 (age 210) Once Owned Andúril Ring of Barahir Sceptre of Annúminas Notable Aliases Elessar (Elfstone) Telcontar (``Strider '') Thorongil (`` Eagle of the Star'') Estel (``Hope '') Family Spouse (s) Arwen Parentage Arathorn II and Gilraen; Elrond (foster father) Children Eldarion, at least two daughters Other Notable Relations Isildur Anárion Elendil Elros Book Appearances The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Portrayed By Viggo Mortensen Major character in The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Portrayals in adaptations The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (film) The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (film) The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (film)", "title": "Aragorn" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings trilogy and The Hobbit prequel trilogy, Galadriel is played by Cate Blanchett. In the movies, other than possessing the Ring Nenya, Galadriel displays an ability to communicate with others telepathically and to assume a radiant and terrifying appearance.", "title": "Galadriel" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1957, The Lord of the Rings was awarded the International Fantasy Award. Despite its numerous detractors, the publication of the Ace Books and Ballantine paperbacks helped The Lord of the Rings become immensely popular in the United States in the 1960s. The book has remained so ever since, ranking as one of the most popular works of fiction of the twentieth century, judged by both sales and reader surveys. In the 2003 ``Big Read ''survey conducted in Britain by the BBC, The Lord of the Rings was found to be the`` Nation's best - loved book''. In similar 2004 polls both Germany and Australia also found The Lord of the Rings to be their favourite book. In a 1999 poll of Amazon.com customers, The Lord of the Rings was judged to be their favourite ``book of the millennium ''. The Lord of the Rings was awarded the Prometheus Hall of Fame Award in 2009.", "title": "The Lord of the Rings" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Barcelona", "id": 145282, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "Where was Paco Godia born?" }, { "answer": "built in the 15th century", "id": 21711, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "When was the Palau de la Generalitat in #1 constructed?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Public transport is provided by the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana (FGV), which operates the Metrovalencia and other rail and bus services. The Estació del Nord (North Station) is the main railway terminus in Valencia. A new temporary station, Estación de València-Joaquín Sorolla, has been built on land adjacent to this terminus to accommodate high speed AVE trains to and from Madrid, Barcelona, Seville and Alicante. Valencia Airport is situated 9 km (5.6 mi) west of Valencia city centre. Alicante Airport is situated about 170 km (110 mi) south of Valencia.", "title": "Valencia" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francisco Martínez Roca aka Paco Roca (born in 1969 on Valencia, Spain) is a Spanish strip cartoonist with experience in graphic novels and advertisement illustrations.", "title": "Paco Roca" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Los hombres de Paco (English: \"Paco's Men\") is a Spanish-produced television series, a drama, that originally aired from 9 October 2005 to 19 May 2010 on the Antena 3. The series has also been broadcast in Argentina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Morocco, Romania, Serbia, Italy, Slovakia and Turkey. It was created by Daniel Écija and Álex Pina, and starred numerous actors; primarily Paco Tous and Pepón Nieto.", "title": "Los hombres de Paco" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Museu d'Art Jaume Morera (Jaume Morera Art Museum) is a museum in Lleida (Catalonia) created by the Diputació de Lleida and the Lleida City Council (\"La Paeria\") with the collaboration of the painter Jaume Morera i Galícia. It is the museum of modern and contemporary art of the city of Lleida. Today is municipally owned and receives financial support from the \"Diputació de Lleida\" and the Department of Culture of the Generalitat of Catalonia. Its entrance is free.", "title": "Museu d'Art Jaume Morera" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As the principal and most remarkable feature of King Louis XIV of France's third building campaign of the Palace of Versailles (1678–1684), construction of the Hall of Mirrors began in 1678. To provide for the Hall of Mirrors as well as the \"salon de la guerre\" and the \"salon de la paix\", which connect the \"grand appartement du roi\" with the \"grand appartement de la reine\", architect Jules Hardouin Mansart appropriated three rooms from each apartment as well as the terrace that separated the two apartments.", "title": "Hall of Mirrors" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "World-renowned (and city-born) architect Santiago Calatrava produced the futuristic City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències), which contains an opera house/performing arts centre, a science museum, an IMAX cinema/planetarium, an oceanographic park and other structures such as a long covered walkway and restaurants. Calatrava is also responsible for the bridge named after him in the centre of the city. The Music Palace (Palau De La Música) is another noteworthy example of modern architecture in Valencia.", "title": "Valencia" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Pedro Madueño Palma (La Carlota, Córdoba, 1961) is a Spanish photographer. Graphic reporter for newspaper La Vanguardia (Barcelona) since 1983-2015. In 2015 he is appointed Deputy to the Director of La Vanguardia with responsibility for the image area of this newspaper. President of the jury of the Godó Prize for Photojournalism of the Conde de Barcelona Foundation. He has been associate professor at the University Pompeu Fabra, since 2008 he teaches graduate students at the Autonomous University of Barcelona. He is the author of the official image of Prince Felipe de Borbón y Grecia between 2002–2010, and he is also the author in 2010 of the official image of the President of the Generalitat de Catalunya, Artur Mas. He photographed Salvador Dalí during the last three years of the artist’s life.", "title": "Pedro Madueño" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Complexe Maisonneuve is an office building complex in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Complexe Maisonneuve is located on De la Gauchetière Street West between University Street and Beaver Hall Hill. It is situated facing Victoria Square in the Quartier international district of Downtown Montreal, and is linked to Montreal's Underground City and Square-Victoria-OACI Station on the Montreal Metro. The complex consists of two buildings, the Tour de la Banque Nationale and 700 de La Gauchetière. It was constructed in 1983, and the two towers share an underground base six floors deep.", "title": "Complexe Maisonneuve" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raffaele di Paco (6 July 1908–21 May 1996) was an Italian road racing cyclist, who won five stages in the 1931 Tour de France four stages in the 1932 Tour de France and two stages in the 1935 Tour de France, and wore the yellow jersey for a total of four days in 1931. One of these, after stage 5, he shared the lead with Charles Pélissier. Di Paco was born and died in Fauglia, Tuscany.", "title": "Raffaele di Paco" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Axel Oxenstierna palace in the Old Town of Stockholm was designed by architect Jean de la Vallée to Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna and the construction started in 1653.", "title": "Axel Oxenstierna palace" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Palais des Papes in Avignon is the best complete large royal palace, alongside the Royal palace of Olite, built during the 13th and 14th centuries for the kings of Navarre. The Malbork Castle built for the master of the Teutonic order is an example of Brick Gothic architecture. Partial survivals of former royal residences include the Doge's Palace of Venice, the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona, built in the 15th century for the kings of Aragon, or the famous Conciergerie, former palace of the kings of France, in Paris.", "title": "Gothic architecture" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Palau Güell (, ) is a mansion designed by the architect Antoni Gaudí for the industrial tycoon Eusebi Güell and built between 1886 and 1888. It is situated on the Carrer Nou de la Rambla, in the El Raval neighbourhood of the city of Barcelona in Catalonia, Spain. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site \"Works of Antoni Gaudí\".", "title": "Palau Güell" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lines L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L9, L10, L11 and the Funicular de Montjuïc are administered by Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB), the city's transit company. Lines L6, L7, L8 and L12 are in origin commuter train services with extended frequency and integrated into the metro network, numbered as such, and run by the public Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (FGC), which belongs to the Catalan government or Generalitat de Catalunya.", "title": "List of Barcelona Metro stations" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jean Vauquelin de la Fresnaye (or de La Fresnaye) (1536–1608) was a French poet born at the château of La Fresnaye-au-Sauvage in Normandy in 1536.", "title": "Jean Vauquelin de la Fresnaye" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Valencia has experienced a surge in its cultural development during the last thirty years, exemplified by exhibitions and performances at such iconic institutions as the Palau de la Música, the Palacio de Congresos, the Metro, the City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències), the Valencian Museum of Enlightenment and Modernity (Museo Valenciano de la Ilustracion y la Modernidad), and the Institute of Modern Art (Instituto Valenciano de Arte Moderno). The various productions of Santiago Calatrava, a renowned structural engineer, architect, and sculptor and of the architect Félix Candela have contributed to Valencia's international reputation. These public works and the ongoing rehabilitation of the Old City (Ciutat Vella) have helped improve the city's livability and tourism is continually increasing.", "title": "Valencia" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Pasqual Maragall Foundation for Research on Alzheimer was founded to answer publicly the commitment made by Pasqual Maragall, President of the Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia 2003–2006) and Mayor of Barcelona (1982–1997), in October 2007, when he announced that he had been diagnosed with the disease.", "title": "Pasqual Maragall Foundation" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Francisco Godia Sales, better known as Paco Godia (21 March 1921 – 28 November 1990) was a racing driver from Barcelona, Spain. He drove intermittently in Formula One between and , participating in 14 World Championship Grands Prix and numerous non-Championship races.", "title": "Paco Godia" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Francisco \"Paco\" Javier Clos Orozco (born 8 August 1960) is a Spanish retired professional footballer who played as a striker.", "title": "Paco Clos" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Palau Track and Field Team was a Palauan association football club which competed in the Palau Soccer League, the top level league in Palau, in the inaugural season in 2004, when they finished third. Due to fragmentary records, it is not known how many other seasons they competed.", "title": "Palau Track and Field Team" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Castillo de San Marcos is the oldest masonry fort in the continental United States. Located on the western shore of Matanzas Bay in the city of St. Augustine, Florida, the fort was designed by the Spanish engineer Ignacio Daza. Construction began in 1672, 107 years after the city's founding by Spanish Admiral and conquistador Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, when Florida was part of the Spanish Empire. The fort's construction was ordered by Governor Francisco de la Guerra y de la Vega after the destructive raid by the English privateer Robert Searles in 1668. Work proceeded under the administration of Guerra's successor, Manuel de Cendoya in 1671, and the first coquina stones were laid in 1672. The construction of the core of the current fortress was completed in 1695, though it would undergo many alterations and renovations over the centuries.", "title": "Castillo de San Marcos" } ]

[ "15th century" ]

[ { "answer": "Poland", "id": 9285, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "What was the nobilities commonwealth?" }, { "answer": "Medical University of Warsaw", "id": 42311, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "What is the largest medical school in #1 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Arthur Moore Lascelles VC MC (12 October 1880 – 7 November 1918) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was educated at Uppingham School and attended the University of Edinburgh but abandoned his medical studies in 1902 and emigrated to South Africa.", "title": "Arthur Moore Lascelles" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Medical College of Georgia (often referred to as MCG) is the flagship medical school of the University System of Georgia, the state's only public medical school, and one of the top 10 largest medical schools in the United States. Established in 1828 as the Medical Academy of Georgia, MCG is the oldest and founding school of Augusta University. It is the third - oldest medical school in the Southeast and the 13th oldest in the nation. With 22 departments, it offers both a Doctor of Medicine (MD) as well as MD - PhD, MD - MPH, and MD - MBA degrees. Its ranking in research is # 83, and its ranking in primary care is Not Published.", "title": "Medical College of Georgia" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1988 Imperial merged with St Mary's Hospital Medical School, becoming The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. In 1995 Imperial launched its own academic publishing house, Imperial College Press, in partnership with World Scientific. Imperial merged with the National Heart and Lung Institute in 1995 and the Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Royal Postgraduate Medical School (RPMS) and the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in 1997. In the same year the Imperial College School of Medicine was formally established and all of the property of Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, the National Heart and Lung Institute and the Royal Postgraduate Medical School were transferred to Imperial as the result of the Imperial College Act 1997. In 1998 the Sir Alexander Fleming Building was opened by Queen Elizabeth II to provide a headquarters for the College's medical and biomedical research.", "title": "Imperial College London" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "London is home to five major medical schools – Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry (part of Queen Mary), King's College London School of Medicine (the largest medical school in Europe), Imperial College School of Medicine, UCL Medical School and St George's, University of London – and has a large number of affiliated teaching hospitals. It is also a major centre for biomedical research, and three of the UK's five academic health science centres are based in the city – Imperial College Healthcare, King's Health Partners and UCL Partners (the largest such centre in Europe).", "title": "London" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are thirty three medical schools in the United Kingdom that are recognised by the General Medical Council and where students can study for a medical degree. There are twenty - five such schools in England, five in Scotland, two in Wales and one in Northern Ireland. All but Warwick Medical School and Swansea Medical School offer undergraduate courses in medicine. The Bute Medical School (University of St Andrews) and Durham Medical School offer undergraduate pre-clinical courses only, with students proceeding to another medical school for clinical studies. Although Oxford University and Cambridge University offer both pre-clinical and clinical courses in medicine, students who study pre-clinical medicine at one of these universities may move to another university for clinical studies. At other universities students stay at the same university for both pre-clinical and clinical work.", "title": "List of medical schools in the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Polish nobility enjoyed many rights that were not available to the noble classes of other countries and, typically, each new monarch conceded them further privileges. Those privileges became the basis of the Golden Liberty in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Despite having a king, Poland was called the nobility's Commonwealth because the king was elected by all interested members of hereditary nobility and Poland was considered to be the property of this class, not of the king or the ruling dynasty. This state of affairs grew up in part because of the extinction of the male-line descendants of the old royal dynasty (first the Piasts, then the Jagiellons), and the selection by the nobility of the Polish king from among the dynasty's female-line descendants.", "title": "Szlachta" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 3 May 1505 King Alexander I Jagiellon granted the Act of \"Nihil novi nisi commune consensu\" (Latin: \"I accept nothing new except by common consent\"). This forbade the king to pass any new law without the consent of the representatives of the nobility, in Sejm and Senat assembled, and thus greatly strengthened the nobility's political position. Basically, this act transferred legislative power from the king to the Sejm. This date commonly marks the beginning of the First Rzeczpospolita, the period of a szlachta-run \"Commonwealth\".", "title": "Szlachta" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Today the word szlachta in the Polish language simply translates to \"nobility\". In its broadest meaning, it can also denote some non-hereditary honorary knighthoods granted today by some European monarchs. Occasionally, 19th-century non-noble landowners were referred to as szlachta by courtesy or error, when they owned manorial estates though they were not noble by birth. In the narrow sense, szlachta denotes the old-Commonwealth nobility.", "title": "Szlachta" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The University of Kansas Medical Center features three schools: the School of Medicine, School of Nursing, and School of Health Professions. Furthermore, each of the three schools has its own programs of graduate study. As of the Fall 2013 semester, there were 3,349 students enrolled at KU Med. The Medical Center also offers four year instruction at the Wichita campus, and features a medical school campus in Salina, Kansas that is devoted to rural health care.", "title": "University of Kansas" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There were a number of avenues to upward social mobility and the achievement of nobility. Poland's nobility was not a rigidly exclusive, closed class. Many low-born individuals, including townsfolk, peasants and Jews, could and did rise to official ennoblement in Polish society. Each szlachcic had enormous influence over the country's politics, in some ways even greater than that enjoyed by the citizens of modern democratic countries. Between 1652 and 1791, any nobleman could nullify all the proceedings of a given sejm (Commonwealth parliament) or sejmik (Commonwealth local parliament) by exercising his individual right of liberum veto (Latin for \"I do not allow\"), except in the case of a confederated sejm or confederated sejmik.", "title": "Szlachta" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences (BUFHS), also known as the Busitema University Medical School (BUMS) and the Busitema University School of Medicine (BUSM), is the school of medicine of Busitema University, one of Uganda's public universities. The medical school is one of the newer medical schools in the country, having been part of university since 2013. The school provides medical education at undergraduate and postgraduate levels.", "title": "Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, the second oldest medical school in Thailand, was established in 1947 in accordance with the wishes of King Ananda Mahidol to educate a sufficient number of medical doctors to satisfy the public's demands. For more than half a century, this medical school has provided society with more than 5,000 medical doctors. The school accepts about 300 medical students and more than 100 for postgraduate residency training each year. It has been ranked as one of the best medical schools in Thailand in 2016.", "title": "Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Houston is the seat of the internationally renowned Texas Medical Center, which contains the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions. All 49 member institutions of the Texas Medical Center are non-profit organizations. They provide patient and preventive care, research, education, and local, national, and international community well-being. Employing more than 73,600 people, institutions at the medical center include 13 hospitals and two specialty institutions, two medical schools, four nursing schools, and schools of dentistry, public health, pharmacy, and virtually all health-related careers. It is where one of the first—and still the largest—air emergency service, Life Flight, was created, and a very successful inter-institutional transplant program was developed. More heart surgeries are performed at the Texas Medical Center than anywhere else in the world.", "title": "Houston" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Siddhartha Medical College is a medical school in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. It is one of the reputed medical schools providing undergraduate and graduate medical education in AP. Its address is Siddhartha Medical College, Gunadala, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh 520008 India.", "title": "Siddhartha Medical College" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "David Xavier Cifu (born July 17, 1962, New York City, New York) is an American physiatrist, researcher, and medical educator. He is the Associate Dean for Innovation and System Integration in the School of Medicine at Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, the chairman and Herman J. Flax M.D. Professor of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) in Richmond, Virginia, staff physiatrist at the Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center (HHM-VAMC), founding director of the VCU-Center for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering and senior TBI specialist in the Department of Veterans Affairs' Veterans Health Administration.", "title": "David Xavier Cifu" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The szlachta ([ˈʂlaxta] ( listen), exonym: Nobility) was a legally privileged noble class with origins in the Kingdom of Poland. It gained considerable institutional privileges between 1333 and 1370 during the reign of King Casimir III the Great.:211 In 1413, following a series of tentative personal unions between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown Kingdom of Poland, the existing Lithuanian nobility formally joined this class.:211 As the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) evolved and expanded in territory, its membership grew to include the leaders of Ducal Prussia, Podolian and Ruthenian lands.", "title": "Szlachta" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Within the city of Detroit, there are over a dozen major hospitals which include the Detroit Medical Center (DMC), Henry Ford Health System, St. John Health System, and the John D. Dingell VA Medical Center. The DMC, a regional Level I trauma center, consists of Detroit Receiving Hospital and University Health Center, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Harper University Hospital, Hutzel Women's Hospital, Kresge Eye Institute, Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Sinai-Grace Hospital, and the Karmanos Cancer Institute. The DMC has more than 2,000 licensed beds and 3,000 affiliated physicians. It is the largest private employer in the City of Detroit. The center is staffed by physicians from the Wayne State University School of Medicine, the largest single-campus medical school in the United States, and the United States' fourth largest medical school overall.", "title": "Detroit" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mbarara University School of Medicine (MUSM), also known as Mbarara University Medical School (MUMS) is the school of medicine of Mbarara University of Science and Technology, one of Uganda's public universities. The medical school was founded in 1989, the same year that the university was established.", "title": "Mbarara University School of Medicine" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Polish term \"szlachta\" designated the formalized, hereditary noble class of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In official Latin documents of the old Commonwealth, hereditary szlachta are referred to as \"nobilitas\" and are indeed the equivalent in legal status of the English nobility.", "title": "Szlachta" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The University of Warsaw was established in 1816, when the partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential Polish academic center, in Kraków. Warsaw University of Technology is the second academic school of technology in the country, and one of the largest in East-Central Europe, employing 2,000 professors. Other institutions for higher education include the Medical University of Warsaw, the largest medical school in Poland and one of the most prestigious, the National Defence University, highest military academic institution in Poland, the Fryderyk Chopin University of Music the oldest and largest music school in Poland, and one of the largest in Europe, the Warsaw School of Economics, the oldest and most renowned economic university in the country, and the Warsaw University of Life Sciences the largest agricultural university founded in 1818.", "title": "Warsaw" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Myanmar", "id": 103889, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "Where was Zaw Win Thet from?" }, { "answer": "1989", "id": 86452, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "when did burma change its name to #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Third Anglo-Burmese War, also known as the Third Burma War, was a conflict that took place during 7–29 November 1885, with sporadic resistance and insurgency continuing into 1887. It was the final of three wars fought in the 19th century between the Burmese and the British. The war saw the loss of sovereignty of an independent Burma under the Konbaung dynasty, whose rule had already been reduced to the territory known as Upper Burma, the region of Lower Burma having been annexed by the British in 1853, as a result of the Second Anglo-Burmese War.", "title": "Third Anglo-Burmese War" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1988, unrest over economic mismanagement and political oppression by the government led to widespread pro-democracy demonstrations throughout the country known as the 8888 Uprising. Security forces killed thousands of demonstrators, and General Saw Maung staged a coup d'état and formed the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC). In 1989, SLORC declared martial law after widespread protests. The military government finalised plans for People's Assembly elections on 31 May 1989. SLORC changed the country's official English name from the \"Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma\" to the \"Union of Myanmar\" in 1989.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "British rule in Burma lasted from 1824 to 1948, from the Anglo-Burmese wars through the creation of \"Burma\" as a Province of British India to the establishment of an independently administered colony, and finally independence. The region under British control was known as British Burma. Various portions of Burmese territories, including Arakan (Rakhine State), Tenasserim were annexed by the British after their victory in the First Anglo-Burmese War; Lower Burma was annexed in 1852 after the Second Anglo-Burmese War. The annexed territories were designated the \"minor\" province (a Chief Commissionership), \"British Burma\", of British India in 1862.", "title": "British rule in Burma" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The name was changed from Saxe - Coburg and Gotha to the English Windsor (from ``Windsor Castle '') in 1917 because of anti-German sentiment in the British Empire during World War I. There have been four British monarchs of the house of Windsor to date: three kings and the present queen, Elizabeth II. During the reign of the Windsors, major changes took place in British society. The British Empire participated in the First and Second World Wars, ending up on the winning side both times, but subsequently lost its status as a superpower during decolonisation. Much of Ireland broke with the United Kingdom and the remnants of the Empire became the Commonwealth of Nations.", "title": "House of Windsor" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tito also developed warm relations with Burma under U Nu, travelling to the country in 1955 and again in 1959, though he didn't receive the same treatment in 1959 from the new leader, Ne Win.", "title": "Josip Broz Tito" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Burma Convoy is a 1941 film about a truck convoy on the Burma Road directed by Noel M. Smith and starring Charles Bickford and Evelyn Ankers.", "title": "Burma Convoy" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dreams of a Life is a 2011 drama-documentary film, released by Dogwoof Pictures, directed by Carol Morley and starring Zawe Ashton as Joyce Carol Vincent, a London woman whose remains were discovered in her home in 2006, three years after she died.", "title": "Dreams of a Life" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Myinsaing Kingdom ( ) was the kingdom that ruled central Burma (Myanmar) from 1297 to 1313. Co-founded by three brothers from Myinsaing, it was one of many small kingdoms that emerged following the collapse of Pagan Empire in 1287. Myinsaing successfully fended off the second Mongol invasion in 1300–01, and went on to unify central Burma from Tagaung in the north to Prome (Pyay) in the south. The brothers' co-rule ended between 1310 and 1313, with the death of the two elder brothers. In 1315, the central Burmese state split into two rival states of Pinya and Sagaing. Central Burma would not be reunified until the rise of Ava five decades later.", "title": "Myinsaing Kingdom" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Phyo Ko Ko Thein (; born 24 January 1993) is a footballer from Burma, and a midfielder for the Myanmar national football team and Myanmar U23.", "title": "Phyo Ko Ko Thein" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dominica Progressive Party is a minor political party in Dominica. It contested the 1985 general elections under the name Dominica Progressive Force, receiving only 78 votes (0.2%) and failing to win a seat. It changed its name prior to the 1990 elections, but received only 74 votes (0.2%) and again failed to win a seat. Although it did not participate in the elections in 1995 and 2000, it returned for the 2005 elections in which it put forward three candidates but failed to win a seat. In the 2009 elections it received only 24 votes.", "title": "Dominica Progressive Party" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Seidenfadenia\" and another orchid genus, \"Gunnarella\", are named for Danish botanist Gunnar Seidenfaden. At present (June 2014), there is only one known species, Seidenfadenia mitrata, native to Thailand and to Myanmar (Burma).", "title": "Seidenfadenia" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom () was the kingdom that ruled Lower Burma and parts of Upper Burma from 1740 to 1757. The kingdom grew out of a rebellion by the Mon people, who then formed the majority in Lower Burma, against the Burman Toungoo Dynasty of Ava in Upper Burma. The rebellion succeeded in restoring the fallen Mon-speaking Kingdom of Hanthawaddy, which ruled Lower Burma from 1287 to 1539. Supported by the French, the upstart kingdom quickly carved out a space for itself in Lower Burma, and continued its push northward. In March 1752, its forces captured Ava, and ended the 266-year-old Toungoo dynasty.", "title": "Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In English, the country is popularly known as either \"Burma\" or \"Myanmar\" i/ˈmjɑːnˌmɑːr/. Both these names are derived from the name of the majority Burmese Bamar ethnic group. Myanmar is considered to be the literary form of the name of the group, while Burma is derived from \"Bamar\", the colloquial form of the group's name. Depending on the register used, the pronunciation would be Bama (pronounced: [bəmà]) or Myamah (pronounced: [mjəmà]). The name Burma has been in use in English since the 18th century.", "title": "Myanmar" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Zaw Win Thet (born 1 March 1991 in Kyonpyaw, Pathein District, Ayeyarwady Division, Myanmar) is a Burmese runner who competed in the 400 m event at the 2012 Summer Olympics. He was the flag bearer of Myanmar sports team at the opening ceremony.", "title": "Zaw Win Thet" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The airline was founded by the government before independence in 1946 as Union of Burma Airways. It initially operated domestic services only. International services were added in 1950. The name was changed to Burma Airways in December 1972, and then to Myanma Airways on April 1, 1989, following the renaming of the country from Burma to Myanmar. International services were transferred to Myanmar Airways International, which was set up in 1993.", "title": "Myanmar Airways International" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Myo Min Zaw studied English at the University of Yangon, where he became active in the pro-democracy group All Burma Federation of Student Unions (ABFSU). In December 1996, he participated in a student protest, and following the closing of Burma's universities, remaining involved in the pro-democracy movement.", "title": "Myo Min Zaw" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Carmen Maria Martinez (born 1950) is a United States diplomat and a career foreign service officer. She served as the United States Ambassador to Zambia from 2005 to 2008. Prior to that assignment, she was the Chargé d'Affaires ad interim to Burma from August 2002 to August 2005. Burma had no U.S. ambassador from 1990 until 2012, so Martinez, as \"chargé d'affaires\", was the senior diplomat in the embassy and the head of the mission.", "title": "Carmen Maria Martinez" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The official English name was changed by the country's government from the ``Union of Burma ''to the`` Union of Myanmar'' in 1989, and still later to the ``Republic of the Union of Myanmar '', which since then has been the subject of controversies and mixed incidences of adoption.", "title": "Names of Myanmar" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"Anawrahta\" class corvette is a class of corvettes operated by the Myanmar Navy. The UMS \"Anawrahta\" (771) was commissioned in 2001. The ship was built locally with Chinese assistance. The Anawrahta class corvette incorporates various electronic suites and weaponry systems from China, Israel and Russia. The lead ship of the class is named for Anawrahta, founder of the Pagan Dynasty of Myanmar (Burma).", "title": "Anawrahta-class corvette" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aung Thet Mann (, ; born 19 June 1977), also known as Shwe Mann Ko Ko (), is a Burmese businessman and currently CEO of Ayer Shwe Wah, a major Burmese company. Aung Thet Mann's father is Shwe Mann, a former military general and Speaker of the Pyithu Hluttaw. He graduated from the Yangon Institute of Economics. Aung Thet Mann is married to Khin Hnin Thandar.", "title": "Aung Thet Mann" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "New Zealand", "id": 53433, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "where did lord of the rings get filmed" }, { "answer": "6 February 1840", "id": 59035, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "when was #1 founded as a country" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They are a New Zealand - American venture produced by WingNut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema.", "title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The One Ring was forged by the Dark Lord Sauron during the Second Age to gain dominion over the free peoples of Middle - earth. In disguise as Annatar, or ``Lord of Gifts '', he aided the Elven smiths of Eregion and their leader Celebrimbor in the making of the Rings of Power. He then forged the One Ring himself in the fires of Mount Doom.", "title": "One Ring" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Considered to be one of the biggest and most ambitious film projects ever undertaken, with an overall budget of $281 million (some sources say $310 - $330 million), the entire project took eight years, with the filming for all three films done simultaneously and entirely in New Zealand, Jackson's native country. Each film in the series also had special extended editions released on DVD a year after their respective theatrical releases. While the films follow the book's general storyline, they do omit some of the novel's plot elements and include some additions to and deviations from the source material.", "title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lord of the Rings is an epic high fantasy novel written by English author and scholar J.R.R. Tolkien. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 fantasy novel The Hobbit, but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, The Lord of the Rings is one of the best - selling novels ever written, with over 150 million copies sold.", "title": "The Lord of the Rings" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lord of the Rings The poster for the series is a montage that features a range of characters and scenes from all three films Directed by Peter Jackson Produced by Peter Jackson Barrie M. Osborne Fran Walsh Tim Sanders Screenplay by Peter Jackson Fran Walsh Philippa Boyens Stephen Sinclair (The Two Towers) Based on The Lord of the Rings by J.R.R. Tolkien Starring Elijah Wood Ian McKellen Liv Tyler Viggo Mortensen Sean Astin Cate Blanchett John Rhys - Davies Bernard Hill Billy Boyd Dominic Monaghan Orlando Bloom Christopher Lee Hugo Weaving Miranda Otto David Wenham Brad Dourif Karl Urban John Noble Sean Bean Ian Holm Andy Serkis (See below) Music by Howard Shore Cinematography Andrew Lesnie Edited by John Gilbert (The Fellowship of the Ring) Michael J. Horton Jabez Olssen (The Two Towers) Jamie Selkirk (The Return of the King) Production company WingNut Films The Saul Zaentz Company Distributed by New Line Cinema Release date 19 December 2001 (2001 - 12 - 19) (The Fellowship of the Ring) 18 December 2002 (2002 - 12 - 18) (The Two Towers) 17 December 2003 (2003 - 12 - 17) (The Return of the King) Running time 558 minutes (theatrical edition length) Country New Zealand United States Language English Budget $281,000,000 Box office $2,917,506,956", "title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aragorn Middle - Earth character Full Name Aragorn II Elessar Telcontar Race Men Gender Male Kingdoms and Cultures Reunited Kingdom Dúnedain House of Isildur Númenórean Title (s) King of the Reunited Kingdom Birth 1 March, T.A. 2931 Death 1 March, F.A. 120 (age 210) Once Owned Andúril Ring of Barahir Sceptre of Annúminas Notable Aliases Elessar (Elfstone) Telcontar (``Strider '') Thorongil (`` Eagle of the Star'') Estel (``Hope '') Family Spouse (s) Arwen Parentage Arathorn II and Gilraen; Elrond (foster father) Children Eldarion, at least two daughters Other Notable Relations Isildur Anárion Elendil Elros Book Appearances The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Portrayed By Viggo Mortensen Major character in The Fellowship of the Ring The Two Towers The Return of the King Portrayals in adaptations The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (film) The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (film) The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (film)", "title": "Aragorn" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The music of The Lord of the Rings film series was composed, orchestrated, conducted and produced by Howard Shore. The scores are often considered to represent the greatest achievement in the history of film music in terms of length of the score, the size of the staged forces, the unusual instrumentation, the featured soloists, the multitude of musical styles and the number of leitmotifs used.", "title": "Music of The Lord of the Rings film series" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Holm raised his profile in 1997 with two prominent roles, as the stressed but gentle priest Vito Cornelius in The Fifth Element and the tormented plaintiff's lawyer in The Sweet Hereafter. In 2001 he starred in From Hell as the physician Sir William Withey Gull. The same year he appeared as Bilbo Baggins in the blockbuster film The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, having previously played Bilbo's nephew Frodo Baggins in a 1981 BBC Radio adaptation of The Lord of the Rings. He reappeared in the trilogy in The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), for which he shared a SAG award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. He reprised his role as the elder Bilbo Baggins in the movie The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey and The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies.", "title": "Ian Holm" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The music of The Lord of the Rings film series was composed, orchestrated, conducted and produced by Howard Shore. The scores are often considered to represent one of the greatest achievements in the history of film music in terms of length of the score, the size of the staged forces, the unusual instrumentation, the featured soloists, the multitude of musical styles and the number of recurring musical themes used.", "title": "Music of The Lord of the Rings film series" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Peter Jackson's films The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002) and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003), Treebeard is a combination of a large animatronic model and a CGI construct; his voice is performed by John Rhys - Davies, who also portrays Gimli. In The Two Towers, Merry and Pippin run into the Fangorn Forest in an attempt to escape a band of Uruk - hai and orcs that kidnapped them. There, they are pursued by one orc. Treebeard awakens, crushes the orc, and takes Merry and Pippin to the ``White Wizard ''(later revealed to be a revived Gandalf) to see if they were`` little orcs'' or not. Assured that they are not orcs, Treebeard keeps the hobbits with him for safety. The Ents at the Entmoot decline Merry and Pippin's request for help. Treebeard is carrying the Hobbits through Fangorn Forest when Pippin gets an idea: he asks Treebeard to carry them toward Isengard, because that is the ``last place ''Saruman would look for them. When Treebeard gets close to the forest's edge, he sees the devastation wrought by Saruman's Orcs. The trees have all been hacked down to serve as fuel for Saruman's war machines. In anger, Treebeard summons the other Ents, who emerge from the forest. They attack Isengard and flood it. Treebeard, in addition, sends the Huorns to attack Saruman's Orcs as they retreated from Helm's Deep. In a deleted scene, Treebeard mentions to the hobbits about the Entwives and how they literally were lost. He also rescues them from a tree that holds them captive (similar to a scene in the novel of The Fellowship of the Ring, with Tom Bombadil).", "title": "Treebeard" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1957, The Lord of the Rings was awarded the International Fantasy Award. Despite its numerous detractors, the publication of the Ace Books and Ballantine paperbacks helped The Lord of the Rings become immensely popular in the United States in the 1960s. The book has remained so ever since, ranking as one of the most popular works of fiction of the twentieth century, judged by both sales and reader surveys. In the 2003 ``Big Read ''survey conducted in Britain by the BBC, The Lord of the Rings was found to be the`` Nation's best - loved book''. In similar 2004 polls both Germany and Australia also found The Lord of the Rings to be their favourite book. In a 1999 poll of Amazon.com customers, The Lord of the Rings was judged to be their favourite ``book of the millennium ''. The Lord of the Rings was awarded the Prometheus Hall of Fame Award in 2009.", "title": "The Lord of the Rings" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 6 February 1840, Hobson and about forty Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands. Copies of the Treaty were subsequently taken around the country to be signed by other chiefs. A significant number refused to sign or were not asked but, in total, more than five hundred Māori eventually signed.", "title": "History of New Zealand" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The One Ring is an artefact that appears as the central plot element in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (1954 -- 55). It is described in an earlier story, The Hobbit (1937), as a magic ring of invisibility. In the sequel, The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien ascribes to the Ring a darker character, with malevolent power going far beyond conferring invisibility: it was created by Sauron the Dark Lord as part of his design to win domination over Middle - earth. The Lord of the Rings concerns the quest to destroy the Ring to keep Sauron from fulfilling his design.", "title": "One Ring" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sarah McLeod (born 18 July 1971) is a New Zealand film and television actress. Her most notable role was in the Peter Jackson films The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King as Rosie Cotton, a female hobbit who marries Samwise Gamgee. Her daughter Maisy played Rosie and Sam's baby. McLeod also co-starred in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street as Cindy Watson from 2008 to 2009.", "title": "Sarah McLeod" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lord of the G-Strings: The Femaleship of the String is a 2003 American made for cable erotic film written and directed by Terry M. West. It is based on the novel \"The Lord of the Rings\" by J. R. R. Tolkien.", "title": "The Lord of the G-Strings: The Femaleship of the String" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Aragorn II, son of Arathorn is a fictional character from J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. He is one of the main protagonists of \"The Lord of the Rings\". Aragorn was a Ranger of the North, first introduced with the name Strider at Bree, as the Hobbits continued to call him throughout \"The Lord of the Rings\". He was eventually revealed to be the heir of Isildur and rightful claimant to the thrones of Arnor and Gondor. He was also a confidant of Gandalf and an integral part of the quest to destroy the One Ring and defeat the Dark Lord Sauron.", "title": "Aragorn" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Elijah Jordan Wood (born January 28, 1981) is an American actor, voice actor, DJ, and producer. He is best known for his high - profile leading role as Frodo Baggins in Peter Jackson's epic film trilogy The Lord of the Rings (2001 -- 03).", "title": "Elijah Wood" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Déagol is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. His story is related in \"The Fellowship of the Ring\", the first of three volumes comprising Tolkien's most famous novel, \"The Lord of the Rings\", in the chapter \"The Shadow of the Past\".", "title": "Déagol" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ricochet Lost Worlds was developed by Reflexive Entertainment and is the sequel to \"Ricochet Xtreme\". It features several new bricks, power-ups and background art. It also has the new \"ring\" feature, where you try to collect all the rings on each level. If you collect all five rings on every level, you become \"Ring Master\" and get the trophy at the end of the game. It is possible to beat the game without getting every ring, but it is less challenging.", "title": "Ricochet Lost Worlds" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings trilogy and The Hobbit prequel trilogy, Galadriel is played by Cate Blanchett. In the movies, other than possessing the Ring Nenya, Galadriel displays an ability to communicate with others telepathically and to assume a radiant and terrifying appearance.", "title": "Galadriel" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Republicans", "id": 46862, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "political party that favored harsh punishment of southern states after civil war" }, { "answer": "the 2010 election", "id": 68042, "paragraph_support_idx": 6, "question": "when did the #1 gain control of the house" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "China Daily, a CCP-controlled news organization since 1981, states in a 2008 article that although there were dynastic changes after Tibet was incorporated into the territory of Yuan dynasty's China in the 13th century, \"Tibet has remained under the jurisdiction of the central government of China.\" It also states that the Ming dynasty \"inherited the right to rule Tibet\" from the Yuan dynasty, and repeats the claims in the Mingshi about the Ming establishing two itinerant high commands over Tibet. China Daily states that the Ming handled Tibet's civil administration, appointed all leading officials of these administrative organs, and punished Tibetans who broke the law. The party-controlled People's Daily, the state-controlled Xinhua News Agency, and the state-controlled national television network China Central Television posted the same article that China Daily had, the only difference being their headlines and some additional text.", "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Elections for the United States House of Representatives on 5 November 2002 was in the middle of President George W. Bush's first term. Although it was a midterm election, the Republican Party gained a net eight seats, solidifying their majority. Together with gains made in the Senate, it was one of the few mid-term elections that the party in control of the White House increased their number of seats in the House (the other such mid-term elections were in 1934 and 1998).", "title": "2002 United States House of Representatives elections" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cas Mudde (born 3 June 1967) is a Dutch political scientist who focuses on political extremism and populism in Europe and the United States. His research includes the areas of political parties, extremism, democracy, civil society and European politics.", "title": "Cas Mudde" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Thirteenth Amendment (Amendment XIII) to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865. The amendment was ratified by the required number of states on December 6, 1865. On December 18, 1865, Secretary of State William H. Seward proclaimed its adoption. It was the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments adopted following the American Civil War.", "title": "Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Party Control Committee oversaw the party discipline of the Party members and candidate Party members in terms of their observance of the programme and regulations of the Party, state discipline and Party ethics. It administered punishments, including expulsions from the Party. The Party Control Committee also considered the appeals of Party members punished by their local Party organizations.", "title": "Central Control Commission of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Nájera, also known as the Battle of Navarrete, was fought on 3 April 1367 near Nájera, in the province of La Rioja, Castile. It was an episode of the first Castilian Civil War which confronted King Peter of Castile with his half-brother Count Henry of Trastámara who aspired to the throne; the war involved Castile in the Hundred Years' War. Castilian naval power, far superior to that of France or England, encouraged the two polities to take sides in the civil war, to gain control over the Castilian fleet.", "title": "Battle of Nájera" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Republicans regained control of the chamber they had lost in the 2006 midterm elections, picking up a net total of 63 seats and erasing the gains Democrats made in 2006 and 2008. Although the sitting U.S. President's party usually loses seats in a midterm election, the 2010 election resulted in the highest loss of a party in a House midterm election since 1938, and the largest House swing since 1948. This also happened to be the Republicans' largest gain in House seats since 1938. Republicans gained the most in New York state where they picked up six seats, defeating five incumbents and winning an open Democratic district. The heavy Democratic Party losses were attributed to anger with President Obama, opposition to the Affordable Care Act, large budget deficits and the weak economy. This was also the third consecutive midterm election in a president's first term where the Republican Party has made gains in the House of Representatives, as well as the second consecutive midterm election where party control of the said chamber changed hands. Notable freshmen included future Senators Cory Gardner, Todd Young, James Lankford, and Tim Scott, future Governor of Delaware John Carney, future Director of the Office of Management and Budget Mick Mulvaney, future Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, future Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas Tim Griffin, and future Louisiana Attorney General Jeff Landry.", "title": "2010 United States House of Representatives elections" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The United States Marijuana Party (officially the U.S. Marijuana Party™) is a cannabis political party in the United States founded in 2002 by Loretta Nall specifically to end the war on drugs and to legalize cannabis. Their policies also include other socially libertarian positions. The party is active in Vermont, has local chapters in several other states, and is affiliated with international cannabis political parties.", "title": "United States Marijuana Party" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zebulon Baird Vance (May 13, 1830 – April 14, 1894) was a Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina, and U.S. Senator. A prolific writer, Vance became one of the most influential Southern leaders of the Civil War and postbellum periods. As a leader of the \"New South\", Vance favored the rapid modernization of the southern economy, railroad expansion, school construction, and reconciliation with the North.", "title": "Zebulon Baird Vance" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kansas -- Nebraska Act divided the nation and pointed it toward civil war. The Act itself virtually nullified the Missouri Compromise of 1820. The turmoil over the act split both the Democratic and Whig parties and gave rise to the Republican Party, which split the United States into two major political camps, the Republican North and the Democratic South.", "title": "Kansas–Nebraska Act" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Presidents Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson both took moderate positions designed to bring the South back into the union as quickly as possible, while Radical Republicans in Congress sought stronger measures to upgrade the rights of African Americans, including the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, while curtailing the rights of former Confederates, such as through the provisions of the Wade -- Davis Bill. Johnson followed a lenient policy toward ex-Confederates. Lincoln's last speeches show that he was leaning toward supporting the enfranchisement of all freedmen, whereas Johnson was opposed to this.", "title": "Reconstruction era" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kuomintang (Traditional Chinese: 中國國民黨; Simplified Chinese: 中国国民党; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng; Initials: KMT or GMD) is a Chinese political party that ruled China 1927 -- 48 and then moved to Taiwan. The name translates as ``China's National People's Party ''and was historically referred to as the Chinese Nationalists. The Party was initially founded on August 25, 1912, by Sun Yat - sen but dissolved in November 1913. It reformed on October 10th 1919, again led by Sun Yat - sen, and became the ruling party in China. After Sun's death, the party was dominated from 1927 to 1975 by Chiang Kai - shek. Though the KMT lost the civil war with the Communist Party of China in 1949, the party took control of Taiwan and remains a major political party of the Republic of China based in Taiwan.", "title": "History of the Kuomintang" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2012, the state elected a Republican Governor (Pat McCrory) and Lieutenant Governor (Dan Forest) for the first time in more than two decades, while also giving the Republicans veto-proof majorities in both the State House of Representatives and the State Senate. Several U.S. House of Representatives seats also flipped control, with the Republicans holding nine seats to the Democrats' four. In the 2014 mid-term elections, Republican David Rouzer won the state's Seventh Congressional District seat, increasing the congressional delegation party split to 10-3 in favor of the GOP.", "title": "North Carolina" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the United States House of Representatives, the majority leader is elected by U.S. Congressmen in the political party holding the largest number of seats in the House. While the responsibilities vary depending upon the political climate, the Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives typically sets the floor agenda and oversees the committee chairmen.", "title": "Majority leader" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Springfield Model 1861 was a Minié-type rifled musket shoulder-arm used by the United States Army and Marine Corps during the American Civil War. Commonly referred to as the \"Springfield\" (after its original place of production, Springfield, Massachusetts), it was the most widely used U.S. Army weapon during the Civil War, favored for its range, accuracy, and reliability.", "title": "Springfield Model 1861" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "James Buchanan Jr. (/ bjuːˈkænən /; April 23, 1791 -- June 1, 1868) was the 15th President of the United States (1857 -- 61), serving immediately prior to the American Civil War. Historians fault him for his failure to address the issue of slavery, bringing the nation to the brink of the Civil War. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the 17th United States Secretary of State and had served in the Senate and House of Representatives before becoming president.", "title": "James Buchanan" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Democratic Party of Oregon, based in Portland, is the official Oregon affiliate of the United States Democratic Party. It is recognized by the state of Oregon as a major political party, along with the Oregon Republican Party. The State Central Committee, made up of two delegates elected from each of Oregon's 36 counties and one additional delegate for every 15,000 registered Democrats, is the main authoritative body of the party. After Oregon was admitted into the Union in 1859, the Democratic party controlled the state. Oregon elected twice as many Democrats as Republicans between 1859 and 1879 in statewide elections for governor, secretary of state, state treasurer, and congressmen. The party holds 38 members in the State House that has 60 representatives total, and 18 members in the State Senate, out of 30 delegates total. The party also holds the Governor's office (Kate Brown), Attorney General (Ellen Rosenblum), Labor Commissioner (Val Hoyle), and State Treasurer (Tobias Read). The Democrats also have both U.S senate positions in their state and send four of the five U.S House representatives from Oregon to D.C.", "title": "Democratic Party of Oregon" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Imprisonment as a form of criminal punishment only became widespread in the United States just before the American Revolution, though penal incarceration efforts had been ongoing in England since as early as the 1500s, and prisons in the form of dungeons and various detention facilities had existed since long before then. Prison building efforts in the United States came in three major waves. The first began during the Jacksonian Era and led to widespread use of imprisonment and rehabilitative labor as the primary penalty for most crimes in nearly all states by the time of the American Civil War. The second began after the Civil War and gained momentum during the Progressive Era, bringing a number of new mechanisms -- such as parole, probation, and indeterminate sentencing -- into the mainstream of American penal practice. Finally, since the early 1970s, the United States has engaged in a historically unprecedented expansion of its imprisonment systems at both the federal and state level. Since 1973, the number of incarcerated persons in the United States has increased five-fold, and in a given year 7,000,000 people were under the supervision or control of correctional services in the United States. These periods of prison construction and reform produced major changes in the structure of prison systems and their missions, the responsibilities of federal and state agencies for administering and supervising them, as well as the legal and political status of prisoners themselves.", "title": "History of United States prison systems" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The First Party System is a model of American politics used in history and political science to periodize the political party system that existed in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1824. It featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party, created largely by Alexander Hamilton, and the rival Jeffersonian Democratic - Republican Party, formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, usually called at the time the ``Republican Party. ''The Federalists were dominant until 1800, while the Republicans were dominant after 1800.", "title": "First Party System" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Then the U.S. government gradually began supporting the French in their war effort, primarily through the Mutual Defense Assistance Act, as a means of stabilizing the French Fourth Republic in which the French Communist Party was a significant political force. A dramatic shift occurred in American policy after the victory of Mao Zedong's Communist Party of China in the Chinese Civil War. By 1949, however, the United States became concerned about the spread of communism in Asia, particularly following the end of the Chinese Civil War, and began to strongly support the French as the two countries were bound by the Cold War Mutual Defense Programme.", "title": "First Indochina War" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Paris", "id": 145220, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "Where was Camille Cottin born?" }, { "answer": "The Île de la Cité", "id": 58439, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "what part of #1 is notre dame in" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michigan -- Notre Dame football rivalry Michigan Wolverines Notre Dame Fighting Irish First meeting November 23, 1887 Michigan 8, Notre Dame 0 Latest meeting September 1, 2018 Notre Dame 24, Michigan 17 Next meeting October 26, 2019 Statistics Meetings total 43 All - time series Michigan leads 24 -- 18 -- 1 Largest victory Michigan, 38 -- 0 Longest win streak Michigan, 8 (1887 -- 1908) Current win streak Notre Dame, 2 (2014 -- present)", "title": "Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mei-Chi Shaw (; born 1955) is a professor of mathematics at the University of Notre Dame. Her research concerns partial differential equations.", "title": "Mei-Chi Shaw" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Camille Cottin () (born 1 December 1978) is a French film, television and stage actress. She became well-known in 2013 for playing her role in the series of comedy sketches of \"La Connasse\" on channel Canal+.", "title": "Camille Cottin" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Notre Dame-Siena College of Polomolok is a school in Polomolok, South Cotabato, Philippines. It started as Notre Dame of Polomolok (NDP) but changed its name to Notre Dame-Siena College of Polomolok from the opening of its college department in 2004. Notre Dame-Siena College of Polomolok has been a member of the Notre Dame Educational Association, a group of Notre Dame Schools in the Philippines under the patronage of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The college offers a complete pre-school, grade school, and high school education and a selected college education programs as follows:", "title": "Notre Dame-Siena College of Polomolok" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The \"Notre Dame Victory March\" is the fight song for the University of Notre Dame. It was written by two brothers who were Notre Dame graduates. The Rev. Michael J. Shea, a 1904 graduate, wrote the music, and his brother, John F. Shea, who earned degrees in 1906 and 1908, wrote the original lyrics. The lyrics were revised in the 1920s; it first appeared under the copyright of the University of Notre Dame in 1928. The chorus is, \"Cheer cheer for old Notre Dame, wake up the echos cheering her name. Send a volley cheer on high, shake down the thunder from the sky! What though the odds be great or small, old Notre Dame will win over all. While her loyal sons are marching, onward to victory!\"", "title": "University of Notre Dame" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Camille Cottin was born in Paris, but spent her teenage years in London before returning to France, where she became a high school English teacher. At the same time, she took classes at a theater and dramatic art school and then with the company \"Théâtre du Voyageur\". She played small roles in many films and television series. In 2009, she joined the \"Troupe à Palmade\". She appeared the same year in an advertisement for a Japanese telephone, directed by Wes Anderson with Brad Pitt, with music by Serge Gainsbourg with the song \"Poupée de cire, poupée de son\" sung by France Gall.", "title": "Camille Cottin" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John McGreevy is an American historian and the dean of the College of Arts & Letters at the University of Notre Dame from 2008 until 2018. McGreevy earned his B.A. from Notre Dame and his Ph.D. from Stanford University. He has been on the Notre Dame faculty since 1997.", "title": "John McGreevy" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Notre Dame claims national championships in an additional three seasons before the major poll era, for a total of 11. Notre Dame, however, is often credited with 13 consensus national championships in total. The 1938 and 1953 seasons are part of the reason for the discrepancy. In the 1938 season, 8 -- 1 Notre Dame was awarded the national championship by the Dickinson System, while Texas Christian (which finished 11 -- 0) was awarded the championship by the Associated Press. In the 1953 season, an undefeated Notre Dame team (9 -- 0 -- 1) was named national champion by every major selector except the AP and UPI (Coaches') polls, where the Irish finished second in both to 10 -- 1 Maryland. As Notre Dame has a policy of only recognizing AP and Coaches' Poll national championships post-1936, the school does not officially recognize the 1938 and 1953 national championships. The NCAA does not list 1938 and 1953 but does recognize 1919 and 1964, making Notre Dame a national champion selection in thirteen seasons: 1919, 1924, 1929, 1930, 1943, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1964, 1966, 1973, 1977, 1988. Notre Dame has been voted national champion by at least one selector in an additional nine seasons: 1920, 1927, 1938, 1953, 1967, 1970, 1989, 1993, and 2012 In short, Notre Dame has 3 National Champions selected by the Coaches' Poll (1950 -) and 8 selected by the AP Poll (1936 -). The program claims 11 championships, the NCAA recognizes them with 13, and they've been selected National Champions 21 times by all NCAA recognized ``major selectors. ''", "title": "Notre Dame Fighting Irish football" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monseigneur Claude Frollo ((klod fʁɔlo)) is the main antagonist from Victor Hugo's 1831 novel The Hunchback of Notre - Dame (known in French as Notre - Dame de Paris). He is the Archdeacon of Notre Dame.", "title": "Claude Frollo" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means \"Our Lady of the Lake\" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a suburban setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the \"Word of Life\" mural (commonly known as Touchdown Jesus), and the Basilica.", "title": "University of Notre Dame" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Rev. Edward Aloysius Malloy, C.S.C. (born May 3, 1941), nicknamed \"Monk\", served from 1987 to 2005 as the 16th president of the University of Notre Dame.", "title": "Edward Malloy" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This is a list of Notre Dame Fighting Irish football head coaches. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team is the football team of the University of Notre Dame, located in South Bend, Indiana, United States. The team competes as an Independent at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Notre Dame has produced more All - Americans than any other Football Bowl Subdivision school. Additionally, seven Fighting Irish football players have won the Heisman Trophy. Notre Dame is one of only two Catholic universities that field a team in the Football Bowl Subdivision, the other being Boston College, and one of a handful of programs independent of a football conference. The team plays its home games on Notre Dame's campus at Notre Dame Stadium, also known as the ``House that Rockne Built, ''which has a capacity of 80,795. The current head coach is Brian Kelly.", "title": "List of Notre Dame Fighting Irish head football coaches" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Walter George Patulski (born February 3, 1950) is a former American football defensive end at the University of Notre Dame and the National Football League.", "title": "Walt Patulski" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2017 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team represents the University of Notre Dame in the 2017 NCAA Division I FBS football season. The team is coached by Brian Kelly and plays its home games at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, Indiana. They compete as an independent.", "title": "2017 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dwayne Mars (born 9 February 1989) is a Barbadian international footballer who plays for Notre Dame SC, as a striker.", "title": "Dwayne Mars" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The game was the first played by a Notre Dame football team, and the Michigan team was credited with teaching the Notre Dame team the game before play began. The Notre Dame student newspaper, Scholastic, reported: ``It was not considered a match contest, as the home team had been organized only a few weeks, and the Michigan boys, the champions of the West, came more to instruct them in the points of the Rugby game than to win fresh laurels. ''The proceedings began with a tutorial session in which players from both teams were divided irrespective of college. For the first 30 minutes, the teams scrimmaged in a practice game with Michigan`` exchanging six men for the same number from Notre Dame.''", "title": "Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hunchback of Notre - Dame (French: Notre - Dame de Paris) is a French Romantic / Gothic novel by Victor Hugo, published in 1831. The original French title refers to Notre Dame Cathedral, on which the story is centered. English translator Frederic Shoberl named the novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame in 1833 because at the time, Gothic novels were more popular than Romance novels in England. The story is set in Paris, France in the Late Middle Ages, during the reign of Louis XI.", "title": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1988 Notre Dame vs. Miami football game, colloquially known as Catholics vs. Convicts, was played on October 15, 1988 at Notre Dame Stadium. Both the Notre Dame Fighting Irish and the Miami Hurricanes came into the game undefeated. Notre Dame won the closely contested game 31 -- 30.", "title": "1988 Notre Dame vs. Miami football game" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Île de la Cité remains the heart of Paris. All road distances in France are calculated from the 0 km point located in the Place du Parvis de Notre - Dame, the square facing Notre - Dame's pair of western towers.", "title": "Île de la Cité" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Michigan State -- Notre Dame football rivalry Michigan State Spartans Notre Dame Fighting Irish First meeting November 25, 1897 Latest meeting September 23, 2017 Next meeting 2026 Trophy Megaphone Trophy (from 1949) Statistics Meetings total 78 All - time series Notre Dame leads, 49 -- 29 -- 1 Trophy series Notre Dame leads, 35 -- 27 -- 1 Largest victory Notre Dame, 53 -- 0 (1898) Longest win streak Notre Dame, 8 (1897 -- 1909, 1987 -- 94), Michigan State, 8 (1955 -- 63) Current win streak Notre Dame, 1 (2017)", "title": "Michigan State–Notre Dame football rivalry" } ]

[ "île de la Cité", "Île de la Cité" ]

[ { "answer": "Ukraine", "id": 31995, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Where were Steven Spielberg's granparents from?" }, { "answer": "Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths", "id": 8583, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Who did the Slavs have contact with in #1 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Apart from being an ardent gamer Spielberg has had a long history of involvement in video games. He has been giving thanks to his games of his division DreamWorks Interactive most notable as Someone's in the Kitchen with script written by Animaniacs' Paul Rugg, Goosebumps: Escape from HorrorLand, The Neverhood (all in 1996), Skullmonkeys, Dilbert's Desktop Games, Goosebumps: Attack of the Mutant (all 1997), Boombots (1999), T'ai Fu: Wrath of the Tiger (1999), and Clive Barker's Undying (2001). In 2005 the director signed with Electronic Arts to collaborate on three games including an action game and an award winning puzzle game for the Wii called Boom Blox (and its 2009 sequel: Boom Blox Bash Party). Previously, he was involved in creating the scenario for the adventure game The Dig. In 1996, Spielberg worked on and shot original footage for a movie-making simulation game called Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair. He is the creator of the Medal of Honor series by Electronic Arts. He is credited in the special thanks section of the 1998 video game Trespasser. In 2013, Spielberg has announced he is collaborating with 343 Industries for a live-action TV show of Halo.", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Throughout their history, Slavs came into contact with non-Slavic groups. In the postulated homeland region (present-day Ukraine), they had contacts with the Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths. After their subsequent spread, they began assimilating non-Slavic peoples. For example, in the Balkans, there were Paleo-Balkan peoples, such as Romanized and Hellenized (Jireček Line) Illyrians, Thracians and Dacians, as well as Greeks and Celtic Scordisci. Over time, due to the larger number of Slavs, most descendants of the indigenous populations of the Balkans were Slavicized. The Thracians and Illyrians vanished from the population during this period – although the modern Albanian nation claims descent from the Illyrians. Exceptions are Greece, where the lesser numbered Slavs scattered there came to be Hellenized (aided in time by more Greeks returning to Greece in the 9th century and the role of the church and administration) and Romania where Slavic people settled en route for present-day Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria and East Thrace whereby the Slavic population had come to assimilate. Bulgars were also assimilated by local Slavs but their ruling status and subsequent land cast the nominal legacy of Bulgarian country and people onto all future generations. The Romance speakers within the fortified Dalmatian cities managed to retain their culture and language for a long time, as Dalmatian Romance was spoken until the high Middle Ages. However, they too were eventually assimilated into the body of Slavs.", "title": "Slavs" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to the game's designer Lawrence Holland, Chris Roberts told him at an industry conference that he had reverse-engineered \"Battlehawks 1942\" to create the game engine for \"Wing Commander\". Holland said: \"Many years ago, while working at Skywalker ranch on \"Battlehawks 1942\", I overheard two people talking over my shoulder about the game I was working on. Imagine my surprise when I turned around and saw Steven Spielberg and George Lucas discussing it and learning further that Steven Spielberg was playing and enjoying it. He was an early video game convert.\"", "title": "Battlehawks 1942" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Susan Backlinie (born Susan Jane Swindall on September 1, 1946) is a former actress and stuntwoman. She is known for her role as Chrissie Watkins, the first shark victim in Steven Spielberg's blockbuster Jaws (1975).", "title": "Susan Backlinie" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Color Purple is a 1985 American coming - of - age period drama film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Menno Meyjes, based on the Pulitzer Prize - winning novel of the same name by Alice Walker. It was Spielberg's eighth film as a director, and was a change from the summer blockbusters for which he had become famous. The film was also the first feature - length film directed by Spielberg for which John Williams did not compose the music. The film starred Danny Glover, Desreta Jackson, Margaret Avery, Oprah Winfrey (in her film debut), Adolph Caesar, Rae Dawn Chong, and featured Whoopi Goldberg (also in her film debut) as Celie Harris - Johnson.", "title": "The Color Purple (film)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heather Michele O'Rourke (December 27, 1975 -- February 1, 1988) was an American child actress. She was discovered by director Steven Spielberg when she was visiting MGM's studios. Spielberg cast her as Carol Anne Freeling in the horror film Poltergeist (1982), where she had the movie's most recognizable line: ``They're here! ''She reprised the role in the second and third installments.", "title": "Heather O'Rourke" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Slavs are customarily divided along geographical lines into three major subgroups: West Slavs, East Slavs, and South Slavs, each with a different and a diverse background based on unique history, religion and culture of particular Slavic groups within them. Apart from prehistorical archaeological cultures, the subgroups have had notable cultural contact with non-Slavic Bronze- and Iron Age civilisations.", "title": "Slavs" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Raiders of the Lost Ark (later marketed as Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark) is a 1981 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg, written by Lawrence Kasdan from a story by George Lucas and Philip Kaufman. It was produced by Frank Marshall for Lucasfilm Ltd., with Lucas and Howard Kazanjian as executive producers. The film originated from Lucas's desire to create a modern version of the serials of the 1930s and 1940s.", "title": "Raiders of the Lost Ark" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Land Before Time is a 1988 animated adventure drama film directed and produced by Don Bluth and executive produced by Steven Spielberg, George Lucas, Kathleen Kennedy, and Frank Marshall.", "title": "The Land Before Time" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, \"I met a real heartbreaker last night.\":293 Although she was too young for the role, she and Spielberg began dating and she eventually moved in to what she described as his \"bachelor funky\" house.:294 They lived together for four years, but the stresses of their professional careers took a toll on their relationship. Irving wanted to be certain that whatever success she attained as an actress would be her own: \"I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend,\" she said, and chose not to be in any of his films during those years.:295", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to Forbes' Most Influential Celebrities 2014 list, Spielberg was listed as the most influential celebrity in America. The annual list is conducted by E-Poll Market Research and it gave more than 6,600 celebrities on 46 different personality attributes a score representing \"how that person is perceived as influencing the public, their peers, or both.\" Spielberg received a score of 47, meaning 47% of the US believes he is influential. Gerry Philpott, president of E-Poll Market Research, supported Spielberg's score by stating, \"If anyone doubts that Steven Spielberg has greatly influenced the public, think about how many will think for a second before going into the water this summer.\"", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Color Purple is a 1985 American period drama film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Menno Meyjes, based on the Pulitzer Prize - winning novel of the same name by Alice Walker. It was Spielberg's eighth film as a director, and was a change from the summer blockbusters for which he had become famous. The film was also the first feature - length film directed by Spielberg for which John Williams did not compose the music. The film starred Danny Glover, Desreta Jackson, Margaret Avery, Oprah Winfrey (in her film debut), Adolph Caesar, Rae Dawn Chong, and featured Whoopi Goldberg (also in her film debut) as Celie Harris - Johnson.", "title": "The Color Purple (film)" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In October 2016 Amy Pascal won a bid for the rights to the screenplay The Post, written by Liz Hannah. In February 2017, Steven Spielberg had halted pre-production on The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara after a casting setback, and consequently opened his schedule to other potential films to direct. The following month, it was announced that Spielberg was in negotiations to direct and produce the film, with Meryl Streep and Tom Hanks in talks for the roles of Katharine Graham and Ben Bradlee, respectively. The Post is the first time that Spielberg, Streep, and Hanks had all worked together on a film.", "title": "The Post (film)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Spielberg's films often deal with several recurring themes. Most of his films deal with ordinary characters searching for or coming in contact with extraordinary beings or finding themselves in extraordinary circumstances. In an AFI interview in August 2000 Spielberg commented on his interest in the possibility of extra terrestrial life and how it has influenced some of his films. Spielberg described himself as feeling like an alien during childhood, and his interest came from his father, a science fiction fan, and his opinion that aliens would not travel light years for conquest, but instead curiosity and sharing of knowledge.", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Land Before Time, is an American franchise of animated adventure films by Universal Studios centered on dinosaurs. The series began in 1988 with the eponymous The Land Before Time, directed and produced by Don Bluth and executive produced by George Lucas and Steven Spielberg. It was followed by a total of thirteen direct - to - video musical sequels, TV series, video games, soundtracks and related merchandising. Neither the sequels nor the series involve the participation of Bluth, Lucas, or Spielberg. All 14 films were released in a Complete Collection DVD set on June 14, 2016.", "title": "The Land Before Time" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family. His mother, Leah (Adler) Posner (born 1920), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (born 1917), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s. In 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the family moved to Phoenix, Arizona.:548 Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis.", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heather O'Rourke (December 27, 1975 -- February 1, 1988) was an American child actress. She was discovered by director Steven Spielberg when she was visiting MGM's studios. Spielberg cast her as Carol Anne Freeling in the horror film Poltergeist (1982), where she had the movie's most recognizable line: ``They're here! ''She reprised the role in the second and third installments.", "title": "Heather O'Rourke" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Death Car on the Freeway is a 1979 American made-for-television crime thriller film starring Shelley Hack. In a plot similar to Steven Spielberg's \"Duel\", this tells the story of an unseen driver who is dubbed \"The Freeway Fiddler\".", "title": "Death Car on the Freeway" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Since the mid-1980s, Spielberg has increased his role as a film producer. He headed up the production team for several cartoons, including the Warner Bros. hits Tiny Toon Adventures, Animaniacs, Pinky and the Brain, Toonsylvania, and Freakazoid!, for which he collaborated with Jean MacCurdy and Tom Ruegger. Due to his work on these series, in the official titles, most of them say, \"Steven Spielberg presents\" as well as making numerous cameos on the shows. Spielberg also produced the Don Bluth animated features, An American Tail and The Land Before Time, which were released by Universal Studios. He also served as one of the executive producers of Who Framed Roger Rabbit and its three related shorts (Tummy Trouble, Roller Coaster Rabbit, Trail Mix-Up), which were all released by Disney, under both the Walt Disney Pictures and the Touchstone Pictures banners. He was furthermore, for a short time, the executive producer of the long-running medical drama ER. In 1989, he brought the concept of The Dig to LucasArts. He contributed to the project from that time until 1995 when the game was released. He also collaborated with software publishers Knowledge Adventure on the multimedia game Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair, which was released in 1996. Spielberg appears, as himself, in the game to direct the player. The Spielberg name provided branding for a Lego Moviemaker kit, the proceeds of which went to the Starbright Foundation.", "title": "Steven Spielberg" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Wins Director John Ford Frank Capra William Wyler Frank Borzage Clint Eastwood Miloš Forman Alejandro G. Iñárritu Elia Kazan David Lean Ang Lee Frank Lloyd Joseph L. Mankiewicz Leo McCarey Lewis Milestone Steven Spielberg George Stevens Oliver Stone Billy Wilder Robert Wise Fred Zinnemann", "title": "Academy Award for Best Director" } ]

[ "Sarmatians" ]

[ { "answer": "South Carolina", "id": 29339, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "Besides Georgia, what other state primary did Edwards win?" }, { "answer": "Edmund Bellinger", "id": 40482, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "From whom did the Huguenots in #1 purchase land from?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In March's Super Tuesday, Kerry won decisive victories in the California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island primaries and the Minnesota caucuses. Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. Sharpton followed suit a couple weeks later. Kuninch did not leave the race officially until July.", "title": "2004 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Georgia gubernatorial election will take place on November 6, 2018, concurrently with other statewide and local elections to elect the next Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia. Incumbent Republican Governor Nathan Deal is term - limited and thus can not seek reelection to a third consecutive term. The primary elections were held on May 22, 2018, and a primary runoff was held on July 24, 2018, between Republican candidates Casey Cagle and Brian Kemp. The Democratic nominee is Stacey Abrams, the Republican nominee is Brian Kemp, and the Libertarian nominee is Ted Metz.", "title": "2018 Georgia gubernatorial election" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The headquarters of the United Nations occupies a site beside the East River, on between 17 and 18 acres (6.9 and 7.3 ha) of land purchased from the real estate developer William Zeckendorf Sr. At the time, the site was part of Turtle Bay, which was filled with slaughterhouses and tenement buildings. By the 1910s, there was also a pencil factory and a gas company building in Turtle Bay, on the site of the current UN headquarters. The development of Sutton Place and Beekman Place, north of the current UN site, came in the 1920s. A yacht club on the site was proposed in 1925, but it proved to be too expensive.In 1946, Zeckendorf purchased the land with the intention to create an \"X City\" on the site. This complex was to contain an office building and a hotel, each 57 stories tall, and an entertainment complex between them. The X City would have also had smaller apartment and office towers. However, the $8.5 million ($72 million in 2018) for X City never materialized, and Nelson Rockefeller purchased an option for Zeckendorf's waterfront land in Turtle Bay. The purchase was funded by Nelson's father, John D. Rockefeller Jr.. The Rockefeller family owned the Tudor City Apartments across First Avenue from the Zeckendorf site. The city, in turn, spent $5 million ($43 million in 2018) on clearing the land.", "title": "Headquarters of the United Nations" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jared Irwin (1750 – March 1, 1818) served twice as elected Governor of Georgia (1796–1798) and (1806–1809). He first was elected to office as a reformer based on public outrage about the Yazoo land scandal. He signed a bill that nullified the Yazoo Act, which had authorized the land sales. Challenges to land claims purchased under the former act led to the United States Supreme Court's hearing the case \"Fletcher v. Peck\" (1810). In a landmark decision, the Court upheld the land contracts, and ruled that the state law was unconstitutional in trying to nullify valid contracts.", "title": "Jared Irwin" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alabama -- Georgia football rivalry Alabama Crimson Tide Georgia Bulldogs First meeting November 2, 1895 Georgia 30, Alabama 6 Latest meeting January 8, 2018 Alabama 26, Georgia 23 Statistics Meetings total 68 All - time series Alabama leads, 39 -- 25 -- 4 Largest victory Alabama, 36 -- 0 (1905, 1923) Longest win streak Alabama, 5 (1922 -- 26, 1949 -- 53, 1960 -- 64) Georgia, 5 (1910 -- 16) Current win streak Alabama, 4 (2008 -- present)", "title": "Alabama–Georgia football rivalry" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Florida -- Georgia football rivalry Florida Gators Georgia Bulldogs Sport Football First meeting November 6, 1915 (per Florida) October 15, 1904 (per Georgia) Georgia 37, Florida 0 (per Florida) Georgia 52, Florida 0 (per Georgia) Latest meeting October 28, 2017 Georgia 42, Florida 7 Next meeting October 27, 2018 Stadiums EverBank Field Statistics Meetings total 95 (per Florida) 96 (per Georgia) All - time series Georgia leads 50 -- 43 -- 2 (per Florida) Georgia leads 51 -- 43 -- 2 (per Georgia) Largest victory Georgia, 75 -- 0 (1942) Longest win streak Florida, 7 (1990 -- 1996) Georgia, 7 (1941 -- 1948) Current win streak Georgia, 1 (2017 -- present)", "title": "Florida–Georgia football rivalry" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charlie Bethel graduated cum laude in 1998 from the University of Georgia's Terry College of Business with a Bachelor of Business Administration in business management. He stayed with the University of Georgia, graduating with a Juris Doctor from the University of Georgia School of Law in 2001. Bethel was admitted to the State Bar of Georgia in 2001 and practiced law from 2003–2005. He is admitted to practice law in all of Georgia's state courts, the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, and the Supreme Court of the United States. Bethel was an assistant solicitor for the city of Dalton from 2003–2004.", "title": "Charlie Bethel" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States also collect money from hunting licenses to assist with management of game animals, as designated by law. A key task of federal and state park rangers and game wardens is to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting, including species protection, hunting seasons, and hunting bans.", "title": "Hunting" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1700 several hundred French Huguenots migrated from England to the colony of Virginia, where the English Crown had promised them land grants in Lower Norfolk County. When they arrived, colonial authorities offered them instead land 20 miles above the falls of the James River, at the abandoned Monacan village known as Manakin Town, now in Powhatan County. Some settlers landed in present-day Chesterfield County. On 12 May 1705, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act to naturalise the 148 Huguenots still resident at Manakintown. Of the original 390 settlers in the isolated settlement, many had died; others lived outside town on farms in the English style; and others moved to different areas. Gradually they intermarried with their English neighbors. Through the 18th and 19th centuries, descendants of the French migrated west into the Piedmont, and across the Appalachian Mountains into the West of what became Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, and other states. In the Manakintown area, the Huguenot Memorial Bridge across the James River and Huguenot Road were named in their honor, as were many local features, including several schools, including Huguenot High School.", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The following week, John Edwards won the South Carolina primary and finished a strong second in Oklahoma to Clark. Lieberman dropped out of the campaign the following day. Kerry dominated throughout February and his support quickly snowballed as he won caucuses and primaries, taking in a string of wins in Michigan, Washington, Maine, Tennessee, Washington, D.C., Nevada, Wisconsin, Utah, Hawaii, and Idaho. Clark and Dean dropped out during this time, leaving Edwards as the only real threat to Kerry. Kucinich and Sharpton continued to run despite poor results at the polls.", "title": "2004 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2018 Georgia gubernatorial election will take place on November 6, 2018, to elect the next Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia. Incumbent Republican Governor Nathan Deal is term - limited and thus can not seek reelection to a third consecutive term. The primary elections were held on May 22, 2018 and a primary runoff will be held on July 24, 2018 between Republican candidates Casey Cagle and Brian Kemp. The Democrats have nominated Stacey Abrams.", "title": "2018 Georgia gubernatorial election" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Edward Mooney House located at 18 Bowery at the corner of Pell Street in the Chinatown neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City was built between 1785 and 1789 for wealthy butcher Edward Mooney on land he purchased after it was confiscated from British Loyalist James De Lancey.", "title": "Edward Mooney House" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Medical College of Georgia (often referred to as MCG) is the flagship medical school of the University System of Georgia, the state's only public medical school, and one of the top 10 largest medical schools in the United States. Established in 1828 as the Medical Academy of Georgia, MCG is the oldest and founding school of Augusta University. It is the third - oldest medical school in the Southeast and the 13th oldest in the nation. With 22 departments, it offers both a Doctor of Medicine (MD) as well as MD - PhD, MD - MPH, and MD - MBA degrees. Its ranking in research is # 83, and its ranking in primary care is Not Published.", "title": "Medical College of Georgia" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Grand Tower Island is a river island in the Mississippi River in the midwestern United States, within the state of Missouri on its border with the state of Illinois. Formed within recorded history by the movement of the river, it consists of a bulge-shaped piece of land between the river's primary channel and an oxbow lake. Land on the island is generally valuable for farming, especially when protected from flooding, while the lake has developed a reputation as a valuable sport-fishing location.", "title": "Grand Tower Island" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On February 26, 1904, the Isthmian Canal Convention was proclaimed. In it, the Republic of Panama granted to the United States in perpetuity the use, occupation, and control of a zone of land and land under water for the construction, maintenance, operation, sanitation, and protection of the canal. From 1903 to 1979 the territory was controlled by the United States, which had purchased the land from the private and public owners, built the canal and financed its construction. The Canal Zone was abolished on October 1, 1979, as a term of the Torrijos -- Carter Treaties of 1977; the canal itself was under joint U.S. -- Panamanian control from 1979 until it was fully turned over to Panama on December 31, 1999.", "title": "Panama Canal Zone" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Presidential candidate Party Home state Popular vote Electoral vote Count Percentage George Washington Non Partisan Virginia 43,782 100.0% 69 John Adams Federalist Massachusetts -- -- 34 John Jay Federalist New York -- -- 9 Robert H. Harrison Federalist Maryland -- -- 6 John Rutledge Federalist South Carolina -- -- 6 John Hancock Federalist Massachusetts -- -- George Clinton Anti Federalist New York -- -- Samuel Huntington Federalist Connecticut -- -- John Milton Federalist Georgia -- -- James Armstrong Federalist Georgia -- -- Benjamin Lincoln Federalist Massachusetts -- -- Edward Telfair Anti Federalist Georgia -- -- Total 43,782 100.0% 138 Needed to win 35", "title": "1788–89 United States presidential election" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barred by the government from settling in New France, Huguenots led by Jessé de Forest, sailed to North America in 1624 and settled instead in the Dutch colony of New Netherland (later incorporated into New York and New Jersey); as well as Great Britain's colonies, including Nova Scotia. A number of New Amsterdam's families were of Huguenot origin, often having emigrated as refugees to the Netherlands in the previous century. In 1628 the Huguenots established a congregation as L'Église française à la Nouvelle-Amsterdam (the French church in New Amsterdam). This parish continues today as L'Eglise du Saint-Esprit, part of the Episcopal (Anglican) communion, and welcomes Francophone New Yorkers from all over the world. Upon their arrival in New Amsterdam, Huguenots were offered land directly across from Manhattan on Long Island for a permanent settlement and chose the harbor at the end of Newtown Creek, becoming the first Europeans to live in Brooklyn, then known as Boschwick, in the neighborhood now known as Bushwick.", "title": "Huguenots" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Georgia State University Library is an academic research library affiliated with Georgia State University. The Georgia State University Library has two primary locations, Library North and Library South. In addition to hundreds of thousands of pieces of print media, the library also has online databases for electronic articles, as well as an electronic catalog for looking up media within the library’s many floors. The media found in the library includes novels, journals, newspapers, government documents, archives, DVDs, CDs, video tapes, audio cassette tapes, and periodicals. The University Library is located in the middle of Georgia State's main campus near Gilmer St. and Courtland St.", "title": "Georgia State University Library" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the 2004 Democratic presidential primaries, John Kerry defeated several Democratic rivals, including Sen. John Edwards (D-North Carolina.), former Vermont Governor Howard Dean and retired Army General Wesley Clark. His victory in the Iowa caucuses is widely believed to be the tipping point where Kerry revived his sagging campaign in New Hampshire and the February 3, 2004, primary states like Arizona, South Carolina and New Mexico. Kerry then went on to win landslide victories in Nevada and Wisconsin. Kerry thus won the Democratic nomination to run for President of the United States against incumbent George W. Bush. On July 6, 2004, he announced his selection of John Edwards as his running mate. Democratic strategist Bob Shrum, who was Kerry's 2004 campaign adviser, wrote an article in Time magazine claiming that after the election, Kerry had said that he wished he'd never picked Edwards, and that the two have since stopped speaking to each other. In a subsequent appearance on ABC's This Week, Kerry refused to respond to Shrum's allegation, calling it a \"ridiculous waste of time.\"", "title": "John Kerry" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenot families of Norman and Carolingian nobility and descent, including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk England from the Humphrey de Bohun line of French royalty descended from Charlemagne, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations.", "title": "Huguenots" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Barcelona", "id": 13539, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "What team won the first match in the 1943 Copa del Generalissimo?" }, { "answer": "continental treble", "id": 13493, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "What series of wins did #1 achieve in 2009?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Roca Cup (in Spanish: Copa Julio Argentino Roca) was a football competition contested between Argentina and Brazil national teams from 1914 to 1976 on irregular basis. The Copa Roca was the first trophy, official or unofficial, ever won by a Brazilian national team.", "title": "Roca Cup" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barcelona won the treble in the 2014–2015 season, winning La Liga, Copa del Rey and UEFA Champions League titles, and became the first European team to have won the treble twice. On 17 May, the club clinched their 23rd La Liga title after defeating Atlético Madrid. This was Barcelona's seventh La Liga title in the last ten years. On 30 May, the club defeated Athletic Bilbao in the Copa del Rey final at Camp Nou. On 6 June, Barcelona won the UEFA Champions League final with a 3–1 win against Juventus, which completed the treble, the club's second in 6 years. Barcelona's attacking trio of Messi, Suárez and Neymar, dubbed MSN, scored 122 goals in all competitions, the most in a season for an attacking trio in Spanish football history.", "title": "FC Barcelona" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "India won the Test series 1 -- 0, after the first and third matches were drawn. India won the ODI series 2 -- 1, their eighth consecutive series win since beating Zimbabwe in June 2016. India won the T20I series 3 -- 0.", "title": "Sri Lankan cricket team in India in 2017–18" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barça beat Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the 2009 Copa del Rey Final, winning the competition for a record-breaking 25th time. A historic 2–6 victory against Real Madrid followed three days later and ensured that Barcelona became La Liga champions for the 2008–09 season. Barça finished the season by beating the previous year's Champions League winners Manchester United 2–0 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome to win their third Champions League title and completed the first ever treble won by a Spanish team. The team went on to win the 2009 Supercopa de España against Athletic Bilbao and the 2009 UEFA Super Cup against Shakhtar Donetsk, becoming the first European club to win both domestic and European Super Cups following a treble. In December 2009, Barcelona won the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup, and became the first football club ever to accomplish the sextuple. Barcelona accomplished two new records in Spanish football in 2010 as they retained the La Liga trophy with 99 points and won the Spanish Super Cup trophy for a ninth time.", "title": "FC Barcelona" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In 1943, Barcelona faced rivals Real Madrid in the semi-finals of Copa del Generalísimo (now the Copa del Rey). The first match at Les Corts was won by Barcelona 3–0. Real Madrid comfortably won the second leg, beating Barcelona 11–1. According to football writer Sid Lowe, \"There have been relatively few mentions of the game [since] and it is not a result that has been particularly celebrated in Madrid. Indeed, the 11–1 occupies a far more prominent place in Barcelona's history.\" It has been alleged by local journalist Paco Aguilar that Barcelona's players were threatened by police in the changing room, though nothing was ever proven.", "title": "FC Barcelona" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In June 2007, after eight years with Arsenal, he transferred to Barcelona for a fee of €24 million. In 2009, he was an integral part of the club's historic treble when they won La Liga, the Copa del Rey and the UEFA Champions League. He went on to achieve an unprecedented sextuple by also winning the Supercopa de España, the UEFA Super Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup. In total, Henry has been named in the UEFA Team of the Year five times. In 2010, he joined the New York Red Bulls of Major League Soccer, winning the Eastern Conference title with the team in 2010. He returned to Arsenal on loan for two months in 2012. In 2013, Henry with the New York Red Bulls won the MLS Supporters' Shield.", "title": "Thierry Henry" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Real Madrid is the most successful club with 33 titles. The most recent club other than Real Madrid and Barcelona to win the league is Atlético Madrid in the 2013 -- 14 season. With their 30 May Copa del Rey defeat of Athletic Bilbao, Barcelona has won the Spanish version of The Double the most times, having won the league and cup in the same year six times in its history, breaking its tie with Athletic's five. Barcelona is the only Spanish team that has won the Treble, which includes the UEFA Champions League along with the league and Copa del Rey, and the only UEFA club to have won the treble twice after accomplishing that feat in 2015. The current champions are Barcelona, who won the 2017 -- 18 competition.", "title": "List of Spanish football champions" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 2010 UEFA Champions League Final was a football match played at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, home of Real Madrid, on Saturday, 22 May 2010, to determine the winners of the 2009 -- 10 UEFA Champions League. It was the first Champions League final to be played on a Saturday, rather than the traditional Wednesday. The match was won by Internazionale, who beat Bayern Munich 2 -- 0 to complete the Treble, a feat never before achieved by any team from either Italy or Germany. The refereeing team came from England and was led by Howard Webb.", "title": "2010 UEFA Champions League Final" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "El Clásico Team kits Locale Spain Teams Barcelona Real Madrid Latest meeting Real Madrid 2 -- 0 Barcelona Supercopa de España (16 August 2017) Next meeting Real Madrid v Barcelona La Liga (23 December 2017) Stadiums Camp Nou (Barcelona) Santiago Bernabéu (Real Madrid) Statistics Meetings total Competitive matches: 235 Exhibition matches: 34 Total matches: 269 Most wins Competitive matches: Real Madrid (95) Exhibition matches: Barcelona (20) Total matches: Barcelona (111) Most player appearances Manolo Sanchís (43) Top scorer Lionel Messi (25) Largest victory Real Madrid 11 -- 1 Barcelona Copa del Rey (19 June 1943)", "title": "El Clásico" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The U.S. also competes in continental tournaments, including the CONCACAF Gold Cup and Copa América. The U.S. has hosted fourteen editions of the Gold Cup, winning six, and has achieved a fourth - place finish in two Copa Américas, including the 2016 edition that they hosted. The team's head coaching position is currently vacant, with most recent coach Bruce Arena having resigned in October 2017. Dave Sarachan is the team's interim head coach.", "title": "United States men's national soccer team" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Domestically, Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, Barcelona has won five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, a shared record five UEFA Super Cup, a record three Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and a record three FIFA Club World Cup trophies. Barcelona was ranked first in the IFFHS Club World Ranking for 1997, 2009, 2011, 2012 and 2015 and currently occupies the second position on the UEFA club rankings. The club has a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid; matches between the two teams are referred to as El Clásico.", "title": "FC Barcelona" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "FC Barcelona had a successful start in regional and national cups, competing in the Campionat de Catalunya and the Copa del Rey. In 1902, the club won its first trophy, the Copa Macaya, and participated in the first Copa del Rey, losing 1–2 to Bizcaya in the final. Hans Gamper — now known as Joan Gamper — became club president in 1908, finding the club in financial difficulty after not winning a competition since the Campionat de Catalunya in 1905. Club president on five separate occasions between 1908 and 1925, he spent 25 years in total at the helm. One of his main achievements was ensuring Barça acquire its own stadium and thus generate a stable income.", "title": "FC Barcelona" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s, winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times. This success was replicated in the league, where the club won five times in the space of seven years. This team, which consisted of players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano, Ferenc Puskás, Francisco Gento and Raymond Kopa, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In domestic football, the club has won 64 trophies; a record 33 La Liga titles, 19 Copa del Rey, 10 Supercopa de España, a Copa Eva Duarte, and a Copa de la Liga. In European and worldwide competitions, the club has won a record 25 trophies; a record 13 European Cup / UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Cups and four UEFA Super Cups. In international football, they have achieved a record six club world championships.", "title": "Real Madrid CF" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1955 World Series matched the Brooklyn Dodgers against the New York Yankees, with the Dodgers winning the Series in seven games to capture their first championship in franchise history. It would be the only Series the Dodgers won in Brooklyn, as the team relocated to Los Angeles after the 1957 season. This was the fifth time in nine years that the Yankees and the Dodgers met in the World Series, with the Yankees having won in 1947, 1949, 1952, and 1953; the Yankees would also win in the 1956 rematch.", "title": "1955 World Series" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Real Madrid is the most successful club with 33 titles. The most recent club other than Real Madrid and Barcelona to win the league is Atlético Madrid in the 2013 -- 14 season. With their 30 May Copa del Rey defeat of Athletic Bilbao, Barcelona has won the Spanish version of The Double the most times, having won the league and cup in the same year six times in its history, breaking its tie with Athletic's five. Barcelona is the only Spanish team that has won the Treble, which includes the UEFA Champions League along with the league and Copa del Rey, and the only UEFA club to have won the treble twice after accomplishing that feat in 2015. The current champions are Real Madrid, who won the 2016 -- 17 competition.", "title": "List of Spanish football champions" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Due to his style of play and stature, he was dubbed \"the Spanish Messi\" by the media. He has spent all of his professional career with Athletic Bilbao after debuting in 2009 as their youngest player in a competitive match, making over 380 appearances for the club and reaching the finals of the Copa del Rey and Europa League in 2012.", "title": "Iker Muniain" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ferdinand Daučík (also known as Fernando Daucik; 30 May 1910 – 14 November 1986) was a Slovak football player and manager. Daučík was the manager of several La Liga clubs, most notably Barcelona, Atlético Bilbao, Atlético Madrid and Real Zaragoza. During his career, he managed La Liga clubs in 488 matches, won three La Liga titles and won the Copa del Generalísimo on five occasions and won three La Liga/Copa doubles. He died in Alcalá de Henares.", "title": "Ferdinand Daučík" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "El Clásico Team kits -- Real Madrid in white, Barcelona in blue and red Locale Spain Teams Barcelona Real Madrid Latest meeting Barcelona 5 -- 1 Real Madrid La Liga (28 October 2018) Next meeting Real Madrid v. Barcelona La Liga (3 March 2019) Stadiums Camp Nou (Barcelona) Santiago Bernabéu (Real Madrid) Statistics Meetings total Competitive matches: 238 Exhibition matches: 34 Total matches: 272 Most wins Competitive matches: Real Madrid (95) Exhibition matches: Barcelona (20) Total matches: Barcelona (113) Most player appearances Manolo Sanchís (43) Top scorer Lionel Messi (26) Largest victory Real Madrid 11 -- 1 Barcelona Copa del Rey (19 June 1943)", "title": "El Clásico" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The national rugby union teams of England and South Africa (the Springboks) have been playing each other in Test rugby since 1906, and, by June 2018, had met in 41 Test matches. South Africa lead the series by 25 wins to 14, with 2 matches drawn. Their first meeting was on 8 December 1906, as part of the Springboks' first tour of Europe, with the match ending in a 3 -- 3 draw. England won the most recent meeting between the teams, on 23 June 2018, 25 -- 10.", "title": "History of rugby union matches between England and South Africa" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Barcelona is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first Spanish club to win the continental treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the UEFA Champions League, and also became the first football club to win six out of six competitions in a single year, completing the sextuple in also winning the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. In 2011, the club became European champions again and won five trophies. This Barcelona team, which reached a record six consecutive Champions League semi-finals and won 14 trophies in just four years under Pep Guardiola, is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time. In June 2015, Barcelona became the first European club in history to achieve the continental treble twice.", "title": "FC Barcelona" } ]

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[ { "answer": "American", "id": 32541, "paragraph_support_idx": 4, "question": "What witness wrote that these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit?" }, { "answer": "$59,039", "id": 85460, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "what is the average salary of a working #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Muirhead Bone was born in Glasgow. His parents were the journalist David Drummond Bone (1841–1911) and his wife, Elizabeth Millar Crawford (1847–1886). His brothers included the journalist James Bone, and the author and mariner Captain Sir David Bone. Muirhead Bone qualified as an architect, before turning to art and studying at the Glasgow School of Art, originally at evening classes. He began printmaking in 1898, and although his first known print was a lithograph, he is better known for his etchings and drypoints. His subject matter was principally related to landscapes and architecture, which included urban construction and demolition sites, Gothic cathedrals and Norman buildings. One of his first exhibited prints was a scene of Ayr Harbour, and the collection of his work held by the British Museum records his other works based in South Ayrshire, between 1898 and 1916. In 1900 he tried to run art classes in Ayr, from newly built premises at Wellington Chambers.", "title": "Muirhead Bone" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in Newington, Connecticut, he graduated from Yale University in 1881, where he was Phi Beta Kappa and a member of Skull and Bones. The following year he published \"The Secret Society System.\" While not naming Skull and Bones, he objected to the exclusiveness of societies and fraternities. He wrote: \"Real friendship is not the result of formal compacts and societies; the spiritual bond is the true one, covenants of friendship are unnecessary, compacts are made for different ends.\"", "title": "E. E. Aiken" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Due to conflicts within the group, longtime members Krayzie Bone and Wish Bone officially left the group in April 2011 to work with their independent label, The Life Entertainment. They would later return, officially re-unifying the group. In August 2013, however, Layzie Bone announced that he would be stepping aside to work more on his solo career. In the same month, BTNH signed with eOne Entertainment (formerly known as Koch Records), who they had previously partnered with to release 2006's Thug Stories. Layzie Bone has since re-united with the group. On April 28th the entire group performed a show in Biloxi, MS along with Juvenile & Nelly. On June 1st of 2018, Bone Thugs will be reuniting for a show just outside Boston, Massachusetts, at the Wonderland Ballroom in Revere, MA.", "title": "Bone Thugs-n-Harmony" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue which may be found within the spongy or cancellous portions of bones. In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production or hematopoiesis. It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells. On average, bone marrow constitutes 4% of the total body mass of humans; in an adult having 65 kilograms of mass (143 lb), bone marrow typically accounts for approximately 2.6 kilograms (5.7 lb). Human marrow produces approximately 500 billion blood cells per day, which join the systemic circulation via permeable vasculature sinusoids within the medullary cavity. All types of hematopoietic cells, including both myeloid and lymphoid lineages, are created in bone marrow; however, lymphoid cells must migrate to other lymphoid organs (e.g. thymus) in order to complete maturation.", "title": "Bone marrow" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Although the intensity of the bombing was not as great as prewar expectations so an equal comparison is impossible, no psychiatric crisis occurred because of the Blitz even during the period of greatest bombing of September 1940. An American witness wrote \"By every test and measure I am able to apply, these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit ... the British are stronger and in a better position than they were at its beginning\". People referred to raids as if they were weather, stating that a day was \"very blitzy\".:75,261 However, another American who visited Britain, the publisher Ralph Ingersoll, wrote soon after the Blitz eased on 15 September that:", "title": "The Blitz" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2010 a salary survey revealed the differences in remuneration between different roles, sectors and locations in the construction and built environment industry. The results showed that areas of particularly strong growth in the construction industry, such as the Middle East, yield higher average salaries than in the UK for example. The average earning for a professional in the construction industry in the Middle East, across all sectors, job types and levels of experience, is £42,090, compared to £26,719 in the UK. This trend is not necessarily due to the fact that more affluent roles are available, however, as architects with 14 or more years experience working in the Middle East earn on average £43,389 per annum, compared to £40,000 in the UK. Some construction workers in the US/Canada have made more than $100,000 annually, depending on their trade.", "title": "Construction" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cornell wrote ``Say Hello 2 Heaven ''as a tribute to his roommate, Mother Love Bone vocalist Andrew Wood, who at the time had recently died of a heroin overdose.", "title": "Say Hello 2 Heaven" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In January 2007, the average annual salary in the city was £22,267. This was £1,700 lower than the national average and £3,800 less than the average for the South East.", "title": "Southampton" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2016, there are twenty - seven Treehouse of Horror episodes, with one airing every year. They are known for being more violent than an average Simpsons episode and contain several different trademarks, including the alien characters Kang and Kodos who have appeared in every episode. Quite often the segments will parody well - known movies, books, radio shows, and television shows. The Twilight Zone has been parodied quite often, and has served as the inspiration for numerous segments.", "title": "List of The Simpsons Treehouse of Horror episodes" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "First published by Macmillan of Canada in 1981, \"The Rebel Angels\" is the first of the three connected novels of Davies' \"Cornish Trilogy\". It was followed by \"What's Bred in the Bone\" (1985), and \"The Lyre of Orpheus\" (1988). It did not quite attain the popularity of the Deptford Trilogy.", "title": "The Rebel Angels" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of August 2015, Jehovah's Witnesses report an average of 8.2 million publishers—the term they use for members actively involved in preaching—in 118,016 congregations. In 2015, these reports indicated over 1.93 billion hours spent in preaching and \"Bible study\" activity. Since the mid-1990s, the number of peak publishers has increased from 4.5 million to 8.2 million. In the same year, they conducted \"Bible studies\" with over 9.7 million individuals, including those conducted by Witness parents with their children. Jehovah's Witnesses estimate their current worldwide growth rate to be 1.5% per year.", "title": "Jehovah's Witnesses" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "One key measure is the real median level, meaning half of households have income above that level and half below, adjusted for inflation. According to the Census, this measure was $59,039 in 2016, a record high. This was the largest two year percentage increase on record.", "title": "Household income in the United States" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1983, the building was purchased by the Watch Tower Society for use as a convention and assembly hall for Jehovah's Witnesses. Thousands of Witness volunteers worked over a nine - month period to renovate the theater. Beginning in October 2012, the theater underwent further renovation by over 2,000 Witness volunteers from across the United States.", "title": "Stanley Theater (Jersey City, New Jersey)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "John Bulwer, an English physician, wrote five works on bodily human communication (particularly gestures). He was the first person in England to propose educating deaf people, outlining plans for an academy in Philocophus and The Dumbe mans academie.", "title": "Deaf education" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"I'll Go Crazy\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Andy Griggs. It was released in July 1999 as the second single from the album \"You Won't Ever Be Lonely\". The song reached number 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Griggs wrote this song with Zack Turner and Lonnie Wilson.", "title": "I'll Go Crazy (Andy Griggs song)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the Sangam period Tamil literateure flourished from the 3rd century BCE to the 4th century CE. During this period the 3 Tamil Dynasties Chera dynasty, Chola dynasty and the Pandyan Dynasty ruled parts of southern India. The Sangam literature deals with the history, politics, wars and culture of the Tamil people of this period. The scholars of the Sangam period rose from among the common people who sought the patronage of the Tamil Kings but who mainly wrote about the common people and their concerns. Unlike Sanskrit writers who were mostly Brahmins, Sangam writers came from diverse classes and social backgrounds and were mostly non-Brahmins. They belonged to different faiths and professions like farmers, artisans, merchants, monks, priests and even princes and quite few of them were even women.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The clavicle or collarbone is a long bone that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum or breastbone. There are two clavicles, one on the left and one on the right. The clavicle is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally. Together with the shoulder blade it makes up the shoulder girdle. It is a palpable bone and in people who have less fat in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible, as it creates a bulge in the skin. It receives its name from the Latin: clavicula (``little key '') because the bone rotates along its axis like a key when the shoulder is abducted. The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone. It can easily be fractured due to impacts to the shoulder from the force of falling on outstretched arms or by a direct hit.", "title": "Clavicle" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bone People (styled by the writer and in some editions as the bone people) is a Booker Prize-winning 1984 novel by New Zealand writer Keri Hulme.", "title": "The Bone People" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "He was born in Niihama, Ehime. After graduating from high school on March 1955, he started working at a factory in Osaka making car parts but quit after only ten months. He studied manga via a mail-offered course and wrote to various manga magazines. In 1958 came his first commercially printed work \"Fukumenhakushi\" (覆面博士) and he began his career as a manga artist.", "title": "Tōru Shinohara" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Born in 1926, Harper Lee grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville, Alabama, where she became close friends with soon-to-be famous writer Truman Capote. She attended Huntingdon College in Montgomery (1944–45), and then studied law at the University of Alabama (1945–49). While attending college, she wrote for campus literary magazines: Huntress at Huntingdon and the humor magazine Rammer Jammer at the University of Alabama. At both colleges, she wrote short stories and other works about racial injustice, a rarely mentioned topic on such campuses at the time. In 1950, Lee moved to New York City, where she worked as a reservation clerk for British Overseas Airways Corporation; there, she began writing a collection of essays and short stories about people in Monroeville. Hoping to be published, Lee presented her writing in 1957 to a literary agent recommended by Capote. An editor at J. B. Lippincott , who bought the manuscript, advised her to quit the airline and concentrate on writing. Donations from friends allowed her to write uninterrupted for a year.", "title": "To Kill a Mockingbird" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Israel", "id": 17192, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "Who secured southern Lebanon?" }, { "answer": "its elevation makes it Israel's primary strategic early warning system", "id": 77606, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "the geographical location of #1 was strategic in ancient times because" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Fortress of an-Nekhel is a Ksar (castle) located in the Nekhel Municipality of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. It holds a strategic location at the exact center of the peninsula. Excavations at the site have revealed remains dating from Ancient Egypt. It has historically been an important stop and staging ground for Muslim pilgrims undertaking the Hajj or Umra, holy Muslim pilgrimages.", "title": "An-Nekhel Fortress" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hesperia Planum is a broad lava plain in the southern highlands of the planet Mars. The plain is notable for its moderate number of impact craters and abundant wrinkle ridges. It is also the location of the ancient volcano Tyrrhena Mons (Tyrrhena Patera). The Hesperian time period on Mars is named after Hesperia Planum.", "title": "Hesperia Planum" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Maroun al-Ras was a battle of the 2006 Lebanon War that took place in Maroun ar-Ras, a small village in southern Lebanon on the border with Israel, and Jall ad-Dayr, a nearby Hizbullah stronghold. This battle was the first serious ground battle in the 2006 Lebanon war. It was fought to a large extent by elite forces on both sides and would have huge consequences for the future of the war. Although Israeli forces captured most of the town, they did not fully secure it.", "title": "Battle of Maroun al-Ras" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tuban Regency is a regency in East Java province of Indonesia. The Dutch name of the regency is 'Toeban'. It covers an area of 1,834.15 sq. km, and had a population of 1,118,464 at the 2010 Census; the latest official estimate (as at 2014) is 1,149,882. Tuban is located in a strategic area, on the border of East Java with Central Java, passed by Jalan Nasional Daendels on North Coast of Java (Pantura). Therefore, in ancient times, Tuban was the main port of Majapahit and being a center of Islamic spreading by Walisongo.", "title": "Tuban Regency" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Strategic Defence and Security Review 2015 included £178 billion investment in new equipment and capabilities. The review set a defence policy with four primary missions for the Armed Forces:", "title": "Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Its position as located in a 1918 survey is located at 39 ° 50 ′ N 98 ° 35 ′ W  /  39.833 ° N 98.583 ° W  / 39.833; - 98.583  (Geographic Center of the Contiguous United States), about 2.6 miles (4.2 km) northwest of the center of Lebanon, Kansas, approximately 12 miles (19 km) south of the Kansas - Nebraska border.", "title": "Geographic center of the United States" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lebanon () is a city in and the county seat of Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 25,477 at the 2010 census, a 4.2% increase from the 2000 count of 24,461. Lebanon is located in the central part of the Lebanon Valley, east of Harrisburg and west of Reading.", "title": "Lebanon, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lebanese Heritage Museum is a museum in Jounieh, Lebanon. It contains objects related to the history and culture of Lebanon from the Phoenician era to modern times.", "title": "Lebanese Heritage Museum" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The springs, and the mountain itself, are much contested by the nations of the area for the use of the water. Mount Hermon is also called the ``snowy mountain, ''the`` gray - haired mountain'', and the ``mountain of snow ''. It is also called`` the eyes of the nation'' in Israel because its elevation makes it Israel's primary strategic early warning system.", "title": "Mount Hermon" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Roger Feghali (born 20 September 1973 in Wadi Chahrour, Lebanon) is a Lebanese rally driver, he is 14 times Lebanese Rally champion and the record holder of wins in Rally of Lebanon (part of MERC).", "title": "Roger Feghali" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Japan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military reach). Germany has been a member together with the five permanent Security Council members in the P5+1 grouping of world powers. Like China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom; Germany and Japan have also been referred to as middle powers.", "title": "Great power" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1854 president Antonio López de Santa Anna enlarged the area of the Federal District almost eightfold from the original 220 to 1,700 km2 (80 to 660 sq mi), annexing the rural and mountainous areas to secure the strategic mountain passes to the south and southwest to protect the city in event of a foreign invasion. (The Mexican–American War had just been fought.) The last changes to the limits of the Federal District were made between 1898 and 1902, reducing the area to the current 1,479 km2 (571 sq mi) by adjusting the southern border with the state of Morelos. By that time, the total number of municipalities within the Federal District was twenty-two.", "title": "Mexico City" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "On 11 March 1978, a PLO guerilla raid from Lebanon led to the Coastal Road Massacre. Israel responded by launching an invasion of southern Lebanon to destroy the PLO bases south of the Litani River. Most PLO fighters withdrew, but Israel was able to secure southern Lebanon until a UN force and the Lebanese army could take over. The PLO soon resumed its policy of attacks against Israel. In the next few years, the PLO infiltrated the south and kept up a sporadic shelling across the border. Israel carried out numerous retaliatory attacks by air and on the ground.", "title": "Israel" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included the modern territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and Macedonia (Paeonia and Ancient Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, all significant ancient population centers of ancient Egypt as far west as Libya, Kuwait, northern Saudi Arabia, parts of the UAE and Oman, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and much of Central Asia, making it the first world government and the largest empire the world had yet seen.", "title": "Iran" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ghazi Kanaan (1942 – 12 October 2005) (; transliterations vary), also known as Abu Yo'roub, was Syria's Interior Minister from 2004 to 2005, and long-time head of Syria's security apparatus in Lebanon. His violent death during an investigation into the assassination of Rafik Hariri drew international attention.", "title": "Ghazi Kanaan" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lebanon Valley is a geographic region that lies between South Mountain and the Ridge and Valley Province of eastern Pennsylvania, United States. The valley lies almost entirely within Lebanon and Berks counties in Pennsylvania. Portions of the valley lie in eastern Dauphin and northern Lancaster counties in Pennsylvania. It is bound to the south west by the Susquehanna River, and its northeastern terminus is the adjoining Lehigh Valley.", "title": "Lebanon Valley" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bhagyanagar is a semi urban area and the Heart of Koppal in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Koppal taluk of Koppal district in Karnataka. It is located one kilometer to the north side of koppal. This city is famous for power handloom work. Recently this Craft has been granted Geographical Indication and its GI tag number is 159.", "title": "Bhagyanagar" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1998 Strategic Defence Review and the 2003 Delivering Security in a Changing World White Paper outlined the following posture for the British Armed Forces:", "title": "Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greece is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north and Turkey to the northeast. Greece consists of nine geographic regions: Macedonia, Central Greece, the Peloponnese, Thessaly, Epirus, the Aegean Islands (including the Dodecanese and Cyclades), Thrace, Crete, and the Ionian Islands. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring a vast number of islands, of which 227 are inhabited. Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous, with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres (9,573 ft).", "title": "Greece" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Büsching is a lunar impact crater that is located in the crater-covered southern highlands of the Moon. It was named after German geographer Anton F. Büsching. The similar-sized crater Buch is located adjacent to its southwestern rim, and further to the southwest lies Maurolycus.", "title": "Büsching (crater)" } ]

[ "il", "Israel", "ISR" ]

[ { "answer": "Japan", "id": 67057, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "who was defeated in the battle of guadalcanal" }, { "answer": "April 28, 1952", "id": 52871, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "when did the us leave #1 after wwii" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Donald William Wolf (February 7, 1919 – October 9, 1942) was an American sergeant in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War II and was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his actions during the Battle of Guadalcanal.", "title": "Donald W. Wolf" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War, was fought in August 1776 entirely within the modern-day borough of Brooklyn. After the battle, in which the Americans were defeated, leaving subsequent smaller armed engagements following in its wake, the city became the British military and political base of operations in North America. The city was a haven for Loyalist refugees, as well as escaped slaves who joined the British lines for freedom newly promised by the Crown for all fighters. As many as 10,000 escaped slaves crowded into the city during the British occupation. When the British forces evacuated at the close of the war in 1783, they transported 3,000 freedmen for resettlement in Nova Scotia. They resettled other freedmen in England and the Caribbean.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Barrosa (Chiclana, 5 March 1811, also known as the Battle of Chiclana or Battle of Cerro del Puerco) was part of an unsuccessful manoeuvre to break the siege of Cádiz in Spain during the Peninsular War. During the battle, a single British division defeated two French divisions and captured a regimental eagle.", "title": "Battle of Barrosa" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "This problem was compounded when the main Hanoverian army under Cumberland was defeated at the Battle of Hastenbeck and forced to surrender entirely at the Convention of Klosterzeven following a French Invasion of Hanover. The Convention removed Hanover and Brunswick from the war, leaving the Western approach to Prussian territory extremely vulnerable. Frederick sent urgent requests to Britain for more substantial assistance, as he was now without any outside military support for his forces in Germany.", "title": "Northern Seven Years' War" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Takamboru is a village in Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. It is located near Vatupilei and Aruliho, by road northwest of Honiara.", "title": "Takamboru" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Surprised by the Allied offensive, the Japanese made several attempts between August and November to retake Henderson Field. Three major land battles, seven large naval battles (five nighttime surface actions and two carrier battles), and almost daily aerial battles culminated in the decisive Naval Battle of Guadalcanal in early November, with the defeat of the last Japanese attempt to bombard Henderson Field from the sea and to land with enough troops to retake it. In December, the Japanese abandoned their efforts to retake Guadalcanal, and evacuated their remaining forces by 7 February 1943, in the face of an offensive by the U.S. Army's XIV Corps.", "title": "Guadalcanal campaign" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Pollentia was fought on 6 April 402 (Easter) between the Romans under Stilicho and the Visigoths under Alaric I, during the first Gothic invasion of Italy (401–403). The Romans were victorious, and forced Alaric to retreat, though he rallied to fight again in the next year in the Battle of Verona, where he was again defeated. After this, Alaric retreated from Italy, leaving the province in peace until his second invasion in 409, after Stilicho's death.", "title": "Battle of Pollentia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cape Esperance () is the northernmost point on Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. The Battle of Cape Esperance, one of several naval engagements fought in the waters north of the island during the World War II Guadalcanal campaign, took its name from this point. In 1943, Cape Esperance was the site of the final Japanese withdrawal of troops from the island after six months of fierce resistance against occupying US Marines.", "title": "Cape Esperance" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Allied occupation of Japan at the end of World War II was led by General Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, with support from the British Commonwealth. Unlike in the occupation of Germany, the Soviet Union was allowed little to no influence over Japan. This foreign presence marks the only time in Japan's history that it has been occupied by a foreign power. The country became a parliamentary democracy that recalled ``New Deal ''priorities of the 1930s by Roosevelt. The occupation, codenamed Operation Blacklist, was ended by the San Francisco Peace Treaty, signed on September 8, 1951, and effective from April 28, 1952, after which Japan's sovereignty -- with the exception, until 1972, of the Ryukyu Islands -- was fully restored.", "title": "Occupation of Japan" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Romans held off Hannibal in three battles, but then Hannibal smashed a succession of Roman consular armies. By this time Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca sought to cross the Alps into Italy and join his brother with a second army. Hasdrubal managed to break through into Italy only to be defeated decisively on the Metaurus River. Unable to defeat Hannibal on Italian soil, the Romans boldly sent an army to Africa under Scipio Africanus to threaten the Carthaginian capital. Hannibal was recalled to Africa, and defeated at the Battle of Zama.", "title": "Roman Republic" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Dybbøl (; ) was the key battle of the Second Schleswig War, fought between Denmark and Prussia. The battle was fought on the morning of 18 April 1864, following a siege that began on 7 April. Denmark suffered a severe defeat which ultimately decided the outcome of the war.", "title": "Battle of Dybbøl" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Fariskur was the last major battle of the Seventh Crusade. The battle was fought on April 6, 1250, between the Crusaders led by King Louis IX of France (later Saint Louis) and Egyptian forces led by Turanshah of the Ayyubid dynasty. Following an earlier Crusader defeat at the Battle of Al Mansurah, Fariskur resulted in the complete defeat of the crusader army and the capture of Louis IX.", "title": "Battle of Fariskur" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 12 December, the Japanese Navy proposed that Guadalcanal be abandoned. At the same time, several army staff officers at the Imperial General Headquarters (IGH) also suggested that further efforts to retake Guadalcanal would be impossible. A delegation, led by IJA Colonel Joichiro Sanada, chief of the IGH's operations section, visited Rabaul on 19 December and consulted Imamura and his staff. Upon the delegation's return to Tokyo, Sanada recommended that Guadalcanal be abandoned. The IGH's top leaders agreed with Sanada's recommendation on 26 December and ordered their staffs to begin drafting plans for a withdrawal from Guadalcanal, establishment of a new defense line in the central Solomons, and a shifting of priorities and resources to the campaign in New Guinea.On 28 December, General Hajime Sugiyama and Admiral Osami Nagano personally informed Emperor Hirohito of the decision to withdraw from Guadalcanal. On 31 December, the Emperor formally endorsed the decision. The Japanese secretly began to prepare for the evacuation, called Operation Ke, scheduled to begin during the latter part of January 1943.", "title": "Guadalcanal campaign" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Chinsurah (also known as the Battle of Biderra or Battle of Hoogly) took place near Chinsurah, India on 25 November 1759 during the Seven Years' War between a force of British troops mainly of the British East India Company and a force of the Dutch East India Company which had been invited by the Nawab of Bengal Mir Jafar to help him eject the British and establish themselves as the leading commercial company in Bengal. Despite Britain and the Dutch Republic not formally being at war, the Dutch advanced up the Hooghly River. They met a mixed force of British and local troops at Chinsurah, just outside Calcutta. The British, under Colonel Francis Forde, defeated the Dutch, forcing them to withdraw. The British engaged and defeated the ships the Dutch used to deliver the troops in a separate naval battle on November 24.", "title": "Battle of Chinsurah" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Naval Battle of Guadalcanal Part of the Pacific Theater of World War II Smoke rises from two Japanese aircraft shot down off Guadalcanal on 12 November 1942. Photographed from USS President Adams; ship at right is USS Betelgeuse. Date 12 -- 15 November 1942 Location Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands Result Strategic American victory Belligerents United States Japan Commanders and leaders William Halsey, Jr. Daniel Callaghan † Norman Scott † Willis A. Lee Isoroku Yamamoto Hiroaki Abe Nobutake Kondō Raizo Tanaka Strength 1 carrier 2 battleships 2 heavy cruisers 3 light cruisers 12 destroyers 2 battleships 6 heavy cruisers 4 light cruisers 16 destroyers 11 transports Casualties and losses First phase (13 Nov): 2 light cruisers 4 destroyers Second phase (14 / 15 Nov): 3 destroyers Plus (13 -- 15 Nov): 36 aircraft for a total of 1,732 killed First phase: 1 battleship 1 heavy cruiser 2 destroyers 7 transports Second phase: 1 battleship 1 destroyer 4 transports (beached first) Plus: 64 aircraft for a total of 1,900 killed (exclusive of transport losses)", "title": "Naval Battle of Guadalcanal" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Underestimating the strength of Allied forces on Guadalcanal, which at that time numbered about 11,000 personnel, Ichiki's unit conducted a nighttime frontal assault on Marine positions at Alligator Creek on the east side of the Lunga perimeter. Ichiki's assault was defeated with heavy losses. The Marines counterattacked Ichiki's surviving troops after daybreak, killing many more. All but 128 of the original 917 of the Ichiki Regiment's First Element died.", "title": "Battle of the Tenaru" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Caer Caradoc was the final battle in Caratacus's resistance to Roman rule. Fought in 50 AD, the Romans defeated the Britons and thus secured the southern areas of the province of Britannia.", "title": "Caratacus's last battle" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of the Little Bighorn, known to the Lakota and other Plains Indians as the Battle of the Greasy Grass and also commonly referred to as Custer's Last Stand, was an armed engagement between combined forces of the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes and the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army. The battle, which resulted in the defeat of US forces, was the most significant action of the Great Sioux War of 1876. It took place on June 25 -- 26, 1876, along the Little Bighorn River in the Crow Indian Reservation in southeastern Montana Territory.", "title": "Battle of the Little Bighorn" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "USS \"Hornet\" (CV-8), the seventh ship to carry the name \"Hornet\", was a of the United States Navy. During World War II in the Pacific Theater, she launched the Doolittle Raid on Tokyo and participated in the Battle of Midway and the Buin-Faisi-Tonolai Raid. In the Solomon Islands campaign, she was involved in the capture and defense of Guadalcanal and the Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands where she was irreparably damaged by enemy torpedo and dive bombers. Faced with an approaching Japanese surface force, \"Hornet\" was abandoned and later torpedoed and sunk by approaching Japanese destroyers. \"Hornet\" was in service for a year and six days and was the last US fleet carrier ever sunk by enemy fire. For these actions, she was awarded four service stars, a citation for the Doolittle Raid in 1942, and her Torpedo Squadron 8 received a Presidential Unit Citation for extraordinary heroism for the Battle of Midway. Her wreck was located in late January 2019 near the Solomon Islands.", "title": "USS Hornet (CV-8)" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Rennell Island (Japanese: レンネル島沖海戦) took place on 29–30 January 1943. It was the last major naval engagement between the United States Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Guadalcanal Campaign of World War II. It occurred in the South Pacific between Rennell Island and Guadalcanal in the southern Solomon Islands.", "title": "Battle of Rennell Island" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Maine", "id": 131061, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "What state is Tracy-Causer Block located?" }, { "answer": "5am", "id": 54221, "paragraph_support_idx": 14, "question": "how early can you buy alcohol in #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The minimum age to purchase and consume varies, but the most common age is 18 years. However, in North America the age limits varies between 18 and 21 years of age. Throughout the United States the minimum legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage from a shop, supermarket, liquor store, bar, club or any other licensed premises is 21 years of age. In Canada each province can decide which minimum age limit is to be set to buy or consume alcohol. Most provinces have a minimum age of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years.", "title": "Legal drinking age" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The proof system in the United States was established around 1848 and was based on percent alcohol rather than specific gravity. 50% alcohol was defined as 100 proof.", "title": "Alcohol proof" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bokaro Thermal is a census town in Bermo block in Bermo subdivision of Bokaro district in the state of Jharkhand, India. Often colloquially referred to as 'BTPS', as the Bokaro Thermal Power Station is located in this area.", "title": "Bokaro (Thermal)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "12 oz. Mouse is an American surreal humour and psychological thriller animated television series created by Matt Maiellaro for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block, Adult Swim. The series revolves around Mouse Fitzgerald, nicknamed \"Fitz\" (voiced by Maiellaro), an alcoholic mouse who performs odd jobs so he can buy more beer. Together with his chinchilla companion Skillet, Fitz begins to recover suppressed memories that he once had a wife and a child who have now vanished. This leads him to seek answers about his past and the shadowy forces that seem to be manipulating his world.", "title": "12 oz. Mouse" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1998, the frame was further modified with an accessory rail (called the ``Universal Glock rail '') to allow the mounting of laser sights, tactical lights, and other accessories. Thumb rests on both sides of the frame and finger grooves on the front strap were added. Glock pistols with these upgrades are informally referred to as (early)`` third - generation'' models. Later third - generation models additionally featured a modified extractor that serves as a loaded chamber indicator, and the locking block was enlarged, along with the addition of an extra cross pin to aid the distribution of bolt thrust forces exerted by the locking block. This cross pin is known as the locking block pin and is located above the trigger pin.", "title": "Glock" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Tracy is an unincorporated community in eastern Marion County, Iowa, United States. It lies along local roads east of the city of Knoxville, the county seat of Marion County. Its elevation is 784 feet (239 m). Although Tracy is unincorporated, it has a post office with the ZIP code of 50256, which opened on 31 January 1876. Tracy was laid out in October 1875 by Capt. Alexander F. Tracy and S. Merrill.", "title": "Tracy, Iowa" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The La Fave Block is located at the intersection of East Cooper Avenue and South Hunter Street in Aspen, Colorado, United States. It is a brick commercial building erected in the late 1880s, during the initial mining boom that created Aspen. Today it is the second oldest brick commercial building in the city, and, along with its neighbors on East Cooper, the only structure left built by Frank LaFave, one of Aspen's early settlers. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.", "title": "La Fave Block" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Prote Poker (born 1952) is a former Utshmau (chief) of the Mushuau Innu First Nation in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, who served between 2007 and 2010. He was selected by the Mushuau Innu in May 2007, replacing the incumbent Utshmau Simon Pokue. He championed an alcohol ban in the community, which was approved in 2008. He was defeated by Simeon Tshakapesh when he ran for re-election in March 2010. He and others later launched a lawsuit alleging that the election was tainted, including the use of alcohol to buy votes. Tshakapesh denied the allegations.", "title": "Prote Poker" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rehal is a hamlet situated in Nauhatta block and located in Rohtas district of Bihar, India. It is one of 68 villages in Nauhatta Block along with villages like Bhurwa and Dewadand.", "title": "Rehal hamlet" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Panki Block is one of the administrative blocks of Palamu district, Jharkhand, a state in India. According to census records (2001), the block has 21,687 households with aggregate population of 123,820. The block has 200 villages.", "title": "Panki block" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Services Block Grant (or ADMS Block Grant) was a federal assistance block grant given by the United States Department of Health and Human Services. This block grant has been replaced by two separate block grants which cover essentially the same set of services once combined in the ADMS. These are the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant (Substance Abuse Block Grant) ( et seq) and the Community Mental Health Services Block Grant.", "title": "Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Services Block Grant" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Hampton Double Square Historic District is a historic district located in Hampton, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2003. At the time of its nomination it contained 43 resources, which included 28 contributing buildings, two contributing sites, 10 non-contributing buildings, one non-contributing site, one non-contributing structures, and on non-contributing object. The town of Hampton was laid out by H.P. Allen, who was the county surveyor, in June 1856. The original plat was eight blocks by eight blocks in the shape of an “L”. Near the center of the “L” was the two-block, or double, square. While many county seats in Iowa have a courthouse square, the double square is a rarity. Four double squares were platted in Iowa, but only those in Hampton and Sidney survived their early period of development. Estherville's square was platted as a four-block square, but its development created a double square instead. Hampton has the only symmetrical double square plan in the state. The double square exemplifies the two primary functions of a public square, both commercial and public development.", "title": "Hampton Double Square Historic District" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Challenge 21 and Challenge 25 are part of a scheme in the United Kingdom, introduced by the British Beer and Pub Association (BBPA), with the intention of preventing young people gaining access to age restricted products including cigarettes and alcoholic beverages. Under the scheme, customers attempting to buy age - restricted products are asked to prove their age if in the retailer's opinion they look under 21 or 25, even though the minimum age to buy alcohol and cigarettes in the UK is 18.", "title": "Challenge 21" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Another inconsistency involves the difference between legal ages for buying and selling alcoholic beverages. The legal age for purchase is 21, as in all U.S. states. However, the legal age for selling or serving alcoholic beverages in a licensed establishment is 20. In the case of packaged beer, the legal selling age is 18, as long as the person is supervised by someone who is at least 20.", "title": "Alcohol laws of Kentucky" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Alcohol may be sold between the hours of 5am and 1am each day of the week. On New Year's Day, alcohol may be sold until 2 a.m.", "title": "Alcohol laws of Maine" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Butler Hotel or Hotel Butler in Seattle, Washington, was one of Seattle's leading hotels in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was located at the corner of Second Avenue and James Street, in what is now the Pioneer Square-Skid Road National Historic District. During the Prohibition era, its Rose Room was repeatedly cited for flouting the laws against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. It closed in 1933; the lower two floors survive as part of the Butler Garage. The building itself is also known as the Butler Block, the name over the main entrance.", "title": "Butler Hotel" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Tracy-Causer Block is an historic commercial building located at 505-509 Fore Street in the Old Port commercial district of Portland, Maine. Built in 1866 as a mixed-used residential and commercial building, it is a rare surviving example of this type of building in the city. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.", "title": "Tracy-Causer Block" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mexico 18 The minimum age to buy and consume alcoholic beverages is regulated by each state of Mexico. But all states have set a minimum age of 18 years, and in no state it is illegal for minors to buy and consume alcohol.", "title": "Legal drinking age" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Tiber Oil Field is a deepwater offshore oil field located in the Keathley Canyon block 102 of the United States sector of the Gulf of Mexico. The deepwater field (defined as water depth ,) was discovered in September 2009 and it is operated by BP. Described as a \"giant\" find, it is estimated to contain of oil in place. Although BP states it is too early to be sure of the size – a \"huge\" field is usually considered to contain . It required the drilling of a deep well under of water, making it one of the deepest wells ever drilled at the time of discovery.", "title": "Tiber Oil Field" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Although the minimum legal age to purchase alcohol is 21 in all states (see National Minimum Drinking Age Act), the legal details vary greatly. While a few states completely ban alcohol usage for people under 21, the majority have exceptions that permit consumption.", "title": "Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Texas", "id": 15416, "paragraph_support_idx": 18, "question": "In which state is Dell the sixth largest company?" }, { "answer": "Fort Davis", "id": 58040, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "what city in #1 has the highest elevation" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Which state or territory is ``highest ''and`` lowest'' is determined by the definition of ``high ''and`` low''. For instance, Alaska could be regarded as the highest state because Denali, at 20,310 feet (6,190.5 m), is the highest point in the United States. However, Colorado, with the highest mean elevation of any state as well as the highest low point, could also be considered a candidate for ``highest state ''. Determining which state is`` lowest'' is equally problematic. California contains the Badwater Basin in Death Valley, at 279 feet (85 m) below sea level, the lowest point in the United States; while Florida has the lowest high point, and Delaware has the lowest mean elevation. Florida is also the flattest state, with the smallest difference between its highest and lowest points.", "title": "List of U.S. states and territories by elevation" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hagerty Insurance Agency, styled just Hagerty, is an insurance company specializing in classic car insurance based in Traverse City, Michigan, in the United States. The company is the leading insurance agency for collector vehicles in the world and host to the largest network of collector car owners. They have also been recognized as \"largest insurance agency for collector cars in the United States.\"", "title": "Hagerty Insurance Agency" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "New York covers 54,555 square miles (141,300 km) and ranks as the 27th largest state by size. The highest elevation in New York is Mount Marcy in the Adirondacks, at 5,344 feet (1,629 meters) above sea level; while the state's lowest point is at sea level, on the Atlantic Ocean.", "title": "New York (state)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Fort Davis has the highest elevation above sea level of any county seat in Texas; the elevation is 5,050 feet.", "title": "Fort Davis, Texas" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Adam R. Dell (born January 14, 1970) is an American venture capitalist and is the brother of Michael Dell, the founder of computer manufacturing company Dell Inc.", "title": "Adam Dell" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dell was the first company to publicly state a timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It revised this commitment and now aims to remove these toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products. In March 2010, Greenpeace activists protested at Dell offices in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen calling for Dell’s founder and CEO Michael Dell to ‘drop the toxics’ and claiming that Dell’s aspiration to be ‘the greenest technology company on the planet’ was ‘hypocritical’. Dell has launched its first products completely free of PVC and BFRs with the G-Series monitors (G2210 and G2410) in 2009.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Alūksne () is a town on the shores of Lake Alūksne in northeastern Latvia near the borders with Estonia and Russia. It is the seat of Alūksne municipality. Alūksne is the highest elevated Latvian city, located in East Vidzeme Upland at 217 m above sea level. The high elevation of the city affects the social and physical arrangement of the place.", "title": "Alūksne" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The capital is Nashville, though Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro have all served as state capitals in the past. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state. Nashville's 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since c. 1990. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, each has approximately one-third of the population of Memphis or Nashville. The city of Clarksville is a fifth significant population center, some 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Nashville. Murfreesboro is the sixth-largest city in Tennessee, consisting of some 108,755 residents.", "title": "Tennessee" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Dice Spelled Murder, by American novelist Al Fray, was published in 1957 by Dell Publishing Company, Inc. as a Dell (paperback) First Edition. The jacket notes", "title": "The Dice Spelled Murder" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dell service and support brands include the Dell Solution Station (extended domestic support services, previously \"Dell on Call\"), Dell Support Center (extended support services abroad), Dell Business Support (a commercial service-contract that provides an industry-certified technician with a lower call-volume than in normal queues), Dell Everdream Desktop Management (\"Software as a Service\" remote-desktop management, originally a SaaS company founded by Elon Musk's cousin, Lyndon Rive, which Dell bought in 2007), and Your Tech Team (a support-queue available to home users who purchased their systems either through Dell's website or through Dell phone-centers).", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At 449,964 km2 (173,732 sq mi), Sweden is the 55th-largest country in the world, the 4th-largest country entirely in Europe, and the largest in Northern Europe. The lowest elevation in Sweden is in the bay of Lake Hammarsjön, near Kristianstad, at −2.41 m (−7.91 ft) below sea level. The highest point is Kebnekaise at 2,111 m (6,926 ft) above sea level.", "title": "Sweden" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ramapo is a town in Rockland County, New York, United States. It was originally formed as New Hampstead, in 1791, and became Ramapo in 1828. It shares its name with the Ramapo River. As of the 2010 census, Ramapo had a total population of 126,595. If Ramapo were incorporated as a city, it would be the sixth-largest city in the state of New York.", "title": "Ramapo, New York" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lake Superior is the largest of the Great Lakes of North America. The lake is shared by the Canadian province of Ontario to the north, the US state of Minnesota to the west, and Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to the south. It is generally considered the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area. It is the world's third - largest freshwater lake by volume and the largest by volume in North America. The furthest north and west of the Great Lakes chain, Superior has the highest elevation and drains into the St. Mary's River.", "title": "Lake Superior" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dell assembled computers for the EMEA market at the Limerick facility in the Republic of Ireland, and once employed about 4,500 people in that country. Dell began manufacturing in Limerick in 1991 and went on to become Ireland's largest exporter of goods and its second-largest company and foreign investor. On January 8, 2009, Dell announced that it would move all Dell manufacturing in Limerick to Dell's new plant in the Polish city of Łódź by January 2010. European Union officials said they would investigate a €52.7million aid package the Polish government used to attract Dell away from Ireland. European Manufacturing Facility 1 (EMF1, opened in 1990) and EMF3 form part of the Raheen Industrial Estate near Limerick. EMF2 (previously a Wang facility, later occupied by Flextronics, situated in Castletroy) closed in 2002,[citation needed] and Dell Inc. has consolidated production into EMF3 (EMF1 now[when?] contains only offices). Subsidies from the Polish government did keep Dell for a long time. After ending assembly in the Limerick plant the Cherrywood Technology Campus in Dublin was the largest Dell office in the republic with over 1200 people in sales (mainly UK & Ireland), support (enterprise support for EMEA) and research and development for cloud computing, but no more manufacturing except Dell's Alienware subsidiary, which manufactures PCs in an Athlone, Ireland plant. Whether this facility will remain in Ireland is not certain. Construction of EMF4 in Łódź, Poland has started[update]: Dell started production there in autumn 2007.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "According to Forbes magazine, Oklahoma City-based Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation are the largest private oil-related companies in the nation, and all of Oklahoma's Fortune 500 companies are energy-related. Tulsa's ONEOK and Williams Companies are the state's largest and second-largest companies respectively, also ranking as the nation's second and third-largest companies in the field of energy, according to Fortune magazine. The magazine also placed Devon Energy as the second-largest company in the mining and crude oil-producing industry in the nation, while Chesapeake Energy ranks seventh respectively in that sector and Oklahoma Gas & Electric ranks as the 25th-largest gas and electric utility company.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dell previously had its headquarters in the Arboretum complex in northern Austin, Texas. In 1989 Dell occupied 127,000 square feet (11,800 m2) in the Arboretum complex. In 1990, Dell had 1,200 employees in its headquarters. In 1993, Dell submitted a document to Round Rock officials, titled \"Dell Computer Corporate Headquarters, Round Rock, Texas, May 1993 Schematic Design.\" Despite the filing, during that year the company said that it was not going to move its headquarters. In 1994, Dell announced that it was moving most of its employees out of the Arboretum, but that it was going to continue to occupy the top floor of the Arboretum and that the company's official headquarters address would continue to be the Arboretum. The top floor continued to hold Dell's board room, demonstration center, and visitor meeting room. Less than one month prior to August 29, 1994, Dell moved 1,100 customer support and telephone sales employees to Round Rock. Dell's lease in the Arboretum had been scheduled to expire in 1994.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Troy Peak is the highest mountain in the Grant Range in northeastern Nye County, Nevada, United States. It is the thirty-sixth highest mountain in Nevada. Troy Peak also ranks as the third-most topographically prominent peak in Nye County and the fourteenth-most prominent peak in the state. The summit is located southwest of the city of Ely, within the Grant Range Wilderness of the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest.", "title": "Troy Peak" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dell announced a change campaign called \"Dell 2.0,\" reducing the number of employees and diversifying the company's products. While chairman of the board after relinquishing his CEO position, Michael Dell still had significant input in the company during Rollins' years as CEO. With the return of Michael Dell as CEO, the company saw immediate changes in operations, the exodus of many senior vice-presidents and new personnel brought in from outside the company. Michael Dell announced a number of initiatives and plans (part of the \"Dell 2.0\" initiative) to improve the company's financial performance. These include elimination of 2006 bonuses for employees with some discretionary awards, reduction in the number of managers reporting directly to Michael Dell from 20 to 12, and reduction of \"bureaucracy\". Jim Schneider retired as CFO and was replaced by Donald Carty, as the company came under an SEC probe for its accounting practices.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Dell was listed at number 51 in the Fortune 500 list, until 2014. After going private in 2013, the newly confidential nature of its financial information prevents the company from being ranked by Fortune. In 2014 it was the third largest PC vendor in the world after Lenovo and HP. Dell is currently the #1 shipper of PC monitors in the world. Dell is the sixth largest company in Texas by total revenue, according to Fortune magazine. It is the second largest non-oil company in Texas – behind AT&T – and the largest company in the Greater Austin area. It was a publicly traded company (NASDAQ: DELL), as well as a component of the NASDAQ-100 and S&P 500, until it was taken private in a leveraged buyout which closed on October 30, 2013.", "title": "Dell" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Naples is a city in Collier County, Florida, United States. As of 2015, the city's population was about 20,600. Naples is a principal city of the Naples - Marco Island, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which had a population of about 322,000 as of 2015. Naples is one of the wealthiest cities in the United States, with the sixth highest per capita income in the country, and the second highest proportion of millionaires per capita in the US. Real estate is among the most expensive in the country, with houses for sale in excess of $40 million.", "title": "Naples, Florida" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Oklahoma", "id": 15650, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "What state employed Robert Patton in May 2014?" }, { "answer": "northeastern Oklahoma", "id": 77173, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "where are the ozark mountains located in #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zalmoxis Peak (, ‘Vrah Zalmoxis’ \\'vr&h zal-'mok-sis\\) is the rocky peak rising to 2500 m in Bearskin Ridge on the east side of Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It is surmounting Patton Glacier to the northwest and Crosswell Glacier to the southeast.", "title": "Zalmoxis Peak" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Ozark Township is one of twenty-five townships in Barry County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was 879.", "title": "Ozark Township, Barry County, Missouri" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of 2014, Deere & Company employed about 67,000 people worldwide, of which half are in the United States and Canada, and is the largest agriculture machinery company in the world. In August 2014, the company announced it was indefinitely laying off 600 of its workers at plants in Illinois, Iowa, and Kansas due to less demand for its products. Inside the United States, the company's primary locations are its administrative center in Moline, Illinois, and manufacturing factories in central and southeastern United States. As of 2016, the company experiments with an electric farm tractor.", "title": "John Deere" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Donovan Patton (born March 1, 1978 at Agana Naval Air Station in Guam) is an American host, actor, voice actor, and singer. Patton graduated from the Interlochen Arts Academy and acted in Shakespeare plays such as Much Ado About Nothing and Romeo and Juliet before he replaced Steve Burns as Joe, the new host of Nickelodeon's children's television program Blue's Clues in 2002. On Patton's acting, series co-creator Angela Santomero stated that Patton brought Joe, his character, closer to the preschool viewer, as Joe was more willing to ``jump into a problem rather than figure it out first like Steve ''. After Blue's Clues ended Patton voiced Bot on Nickelodeon's Team Umizoomi; for his work on children's television, Patton has been described as a`` household name'' and an ``unqualified star to the 5 - and - under set and their parents ''.", "title": "Donovan Patton" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sugarloaf Ridge State Park is a state park in Northern California, U.S.A.. Located in the Mayacamas Mountains north of Kenwood, the park straddles the boundary between Sonoma and Napa counties. The park contains the Bald Mountain and the headwaters of Sonoma Creek including a tall seasonal waterfall. The park is also home to the volunteer-run Robert Ferguson Observatory. Camping, picnicking, horseback riding, mountain biking, stargazing, fishing and hiking are common attractions of Sugarloaf. The park boasts 25 miles of trails with trails ranging from less than a mile to 8.8 miles, and elevation gains reaching 2,500 feet.", "title": "Sugarloaf Ridge State Park" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Montauk is an unincorporated community in southwestern Dent County, Missouri, United States. It is located on Route 119, on the Current River and is in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways. Montauk State Park, famed for its rainbow and brown trout, is here.", "title": "Montauk, Missouri" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Patton Home is a historic building and low-income housing facility in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was once known as the Patton Home for the Friendless.", "title": "Patton Home" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Organ Mountains are a rugged mountain range in southern New Mexico in the Southwestern United States. Organ Mountains - Desert Peaks National Monument was declared a national monument on May 21, 2014. They lie 10 miles (16 km) east of the city of Las Cruces, in Doña Ana County.", "title": "Organ Mountains" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Clarksville is a city in Johnson County, Arkansas, United States. As of the 2010 census the population was 9,178, up from 7,719 in 2000. As of 2016, the estimated population was 9,524. The city is the county seat of Johnson County. It is nestled between the Arkansas River and the foothills of the Ozark Mountains, and Interstate 40 and US Highway 64 intersect within the city limits. Clarksville-Johnson County is widely known for its peaches, scenic byways and abundance of natural outdoor recreational activities.", "title": "Clarksville, Arkansas" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma has four primary mountain ranges: the Ouachita Mountains, the Arbuckle Mountains, the Wichita Mountains, and the Ozark Mountains. Contained within the U.S. Interior Highlands region, the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains mark the only major mountainous region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians. A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma, and near the state's eastern border, Cavanal Hill is regarded by the Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation Department as the world's tallest hill; at 1,999 feet (609 m), it fails their definition of a mountain by one foot.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting in Lockett regaining consciousness, trying to get up, and to speak, before dying of a heart attack 43 minutes later, after the attempted execution had been called off. In 2015, the state approved nitrogen asphyxiation as a method of execution.", "title": "Capital punishment in the United States" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mammoth is an unincorporated community in Ozark County, Missouri, United States. Mammoth is located along Missouri Route T south-southeast of Gainesville. Mammoth is situated on the confluence of the Possum Walk Creek flowing into Lick Creek. The mouth of Little Creek is located northwest of Mammoth on Lick Creek.", "title": "Mammoth, Missouri" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Caulfield is an unincorporated community in western Howell County, Missouri, United States. It is located on U.S. Highway 160 and Missouri Route 101 about fifteen miles west of West Plains. The Ozark County line lies just to the west of Caulfield.", "title": "Caulfield, Missouri" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fort Leonard Wood is a United States Army installation located in the Missouri Ozarks. The main gate is located on the southern boundary of St. Robert. The post was created in December 1940 and named in honor of General Leonard Wood (former Chief of Staff) in January 1941. Originally intended to train infantry troops, in 1941 it became an engineer training post with the creation of the Engineer Replacement Training Center. During World War II Italian and German POWs were interned at the fort. In 1984, as part of the Base Realignment and Closure process, most of the U.S. Army Engineer School's operations were consolidated at Fort Leonard Wood. Before that, officer training was conducted at Fort Belvoir Virginia.", "title": "Fort Leonard Wood" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Sweetwater Mansion (also known as the Governor Robert Patton House), located in Florence, Alabama, is a plantation house designed by General John Brahan of the Alabama Militia. A veteran of the War of 1812, Brahan owned more than 4,000 acres in eastern Lauderdale County, Alabama. The eight room home was built of bricks manufactured on the site of Sweetwater Creek which lay just below the house. Sweetwater Mansion received its name from the creek and was first occupied by Brahan's son-in-law Robert M. Patton, a post-Civil War governor of Alabama, who completed the mansion in 1835.", "title": "Sweetwater Mansion" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The semi-arid high plains in the state's northwestern corner harbor few natural forests; the region has a rolling to flat landscape with intermittent canyons and mesa ranges like the Glass Mountains. Partial plains interrupted by small, sky island mountain ranges like the Antelope Hills and the Wichita Mountains dot southwestern Oklahoma; transitional prairie and oak savannahs cover the central portion of the state. The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains rise from west to east over the state's eastern third, gradually increasing in elevation in an eastward direction.", "title": "Oklahoma" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Ozarks, also referred to as the Ozark Mountains and Ozark Plateau, is a physiographic region in the U.S. states of Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Kansas. The Ozarks cover a significant portion of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, extending from Interstate 40 in Arkansas to the suburbs of St. Louis. A portion of the Ozarks extends into northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas.", "title": "Ozarks" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Terry Wallis (born April 7, 1964) is an American man living in the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas who on June 11, 2003, regained awareness after spending 19 years in a minimally conscious state.", "title": "Terry Wallis" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Greer Spring is a first magnitude spring located in the southeast portion of the Ozark Plateau, in Oregon County in south-central Missouri within the boundaries of the Mark Twain National Forest. The spring is the second largest spring in the Ozarks, with an average discharge of of water per second. Greer Spring was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1980.", "title": "Greer Spring" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Sulphur Spring Range is a mountain range located in east-central Nevada in the United States. The mountains are found mostly in Eureka County northeast of the Roberts Mountains and west of the Diamond Valley and Diamond Mountains. The range lies in a north-south direction, and reaches an elevation of at Bald Mountain. The range crosses into Elko County at the northeastern end.", "title": "Sulphur Spring Range" } ]

[ "OK", "Oklahoma" ]

[ { "answer": "Maine", "id": 130867, "paragraph_support_idx": 8, "question": "What state is Narraguagus High School located?" }, { "answer": "5am", "id": 54221, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "how early can you buy alcohol in #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Westerly High School is a public high school located in Westerly, Rhode Island, United States. The school is part of Westerly Public Schools.", "title": "Westerly High School" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mexico 18 The minimum age to buy and consume alcoholic beverages is regulated by each state of Mexico. But all states have set a minimum age of 18 years, and in no state it is illegal for minors to buy and consume alcohol.", "title": "Legal drinking age" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hephzibah High School is a high school located in south Richmond County in the town of Hephzibah, Georgia, United States. It is the largest high school, by attendance, in the Richmond County School System. It is located in a rural area and its students generally live in a rural or suburban setting.", "title": "Hephzibah High School" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fort Vancouver High School, known as FVHS, is a public high school located in Vancouver, Washington. It is named after Fort Vancouver, an early trading outpost (now restored and located near the banks of the Columbia River, a few miles from where the school is located). The FVHS symbol is the Trapper, in reference to the fur trade in the early 19th century by such groups as Hudson's Bay Company \"voyageurs.\"", "title": "Fort Vancouver High School" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "East Ridge High School is one of two public high schools located in Woodbury, Minnesota, United States, the other being Woodbury High School. It is operated by South Washington County Schools.", "title": "East Ridge High School (Minnesota)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "River Valley High School is the high school for the River Valley School District located in Three Oaks, Michigan, United States. River Valley High School houses grades 6-12.", "title": "River Valley High School (Michigan)" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Fenton High School, or FHS, is a public four-year high school located in Bensenville, Illinois, located on the western border of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is the only school in Community High School District 100.", "title": "Fenton High School (Illinois)" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Early College High School is a high school in Salem, Oregon, United States that allows high school students to pursue college education early, similar to dual enrollment programs. When the students begin their junior year they enter cohort 2, which means that they are starting half college classes and half high school classes. By the time the student is in their senior year they are expected to be in cohort 3 (taking all college classes). Early College High School is located on the campus of Chemeketa Community College.", "title": "Early College High School (Salem, Oregon)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Narraguagus Jr/Sr High School is a regional secondary school in Harrington, Maine providing education to the communities of Addison, Cherryfield, Columbia, Columbia Falls, Harrington, and Milbridge. The school is operated by Maine School Administrative District 37 and is named for the Narraguagus River, which flows through the towns of Cherryfield and Milbridge.", "title": "Narraguagus Jr/Sr High School" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Beddington Lake is a lake in Washington County, Maine, United States. It is located less than east of the Hancock County border, near the town of Beddington and the intersection of Maine State Routes 9 and 193. The outflow and primary inflow to Beddington Lake is from the Narraguagus River. There are a number of unpaved roads and private residences surrounding the lake.", "title": "Beddington Lake" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Monmouth-Roseville High School, or MRHS, is a public four-year high school located at 325 West 1st Avenue in Monmouth, Illinois, a city of Warren County, Illinois, in the Midwestern United States. MRHS is part of Monmouth-Roseville Community Unit School District 238, which also includes Monmouth-Roseville Junior High School, Central Intermediate School, Harding Primary School, and Lincoln Early Childhood School. The campus is located in Monmouth, IL, 17 miles west of Galesburg, Illinois, and serves a mixed city, village, and rural residential community. The school is in the Galesburg micropolitan statistical area which includes all of Knox and Warren counties. The school is located less than 1 mile from Monmouth College.", "title": "Monmouth-Roseville High School" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Kansas Academy of Mathematics and Science (KAMS) is a two-year, residential, early-entrance-to-college program for U.S. high school juniors and seniors who are academically talented in the areas of mathematics and science. Located on the Fort Hays State University campus in Hays, Kansas, students concurrently complete their last two years of high school while earning over 60 college credits.", "title": "Kansas Academy of Mathematics and Science" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Middletown High School (MHS) is a small public high school located in Middletown, California, United States. It is the only comprehensive high school in the Middletown Unified School District.", "title": "Middletown High School (California)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cloverleaf High School is a public high school located in Westfield Township, between the villages of Lodi and Westfield Center in Medina County, Ohio, United States. It is the only high school in the Cloverleaf Local School District.", "title": "Cloverleaf High School" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Emmaus High School is a public high school located in Emmaus, Pennsylvania, in the United States. The school serves grades nine through 12 in Pennsylvania's East Penn School District in the Lehigh Valley region of the state. Emmaus High School is located immediately off Cedar Crest Boulevard, at 500 Macungie Avenue in Emmaus, a borough southwest of Allentown, Pennsylvania.", "title": "Emmaus High School" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Legend High School is a public high school in Douglas County School District RE-1. It is the first high school to be located within the city limits of Parker, Colorado, United States since Parker High School was closed in 1958.", "title": "Legend High School" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Alcohol may be sold between the hours of 5am and 1am each day of the week. On New Year's Day, alcohol may be sold until 2 a.m.", "title": "Alcohol laws of Maine" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Deception Bay State High School is a co-educational, state run high school located in Deception Bay, Queensland, Australia. The School services the Deception Bay area's high school students- years 7 to 12.", "title": "Deception Bay State High School" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Maynard Evans High School is a high school located in Orlando, Florida, United States, served by Orange County Public Schools. The school's name is often shortened to \"Evans High School\" or \"E-HIGH\", and the mascot for the school are the Trojans.", "title": "Maynard Evans High School" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eureka Springs High School is a public secondary school for students in grades nine through twelve located in Eureka Springs, Arkansas, United States. It is one of three public high schools located in Carroll County and the sole high school administered by the Eureka Springs School District.", "title": "Eureka Springs High School" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Elizabeth", "id": 15258, "paragraph_support_idx": 10, "question": "Who did England propose to affiliate with Wales to quell Welsh nationalism?" }, { "answer": "Jodie Comer", "id": 54866, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "who plays princess #1 in the white princess" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bridget of York (10 November 1480 – 1517) was an English princess, the tenth child and seventh daughter of Edward IV of England and Queen Elizabeth Woodville.", "title": "Bridget of York" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "69 Things to Do with a Dead Princess is an experimental novel by the British writer Stewart Home, first published by Canongate in 2002. It tells the story of a suicidal man investigating a conspiracy theory about the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, with lots of explicit sex and philosophical discussions, and was positively reviewed by \"The Times\" and the \"London Review of Books\".", "title": "69 Things to Do with a Dead Princess" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 16 November 2004 a Public Health white paper proposed a smoking ban in almost all public places in England and Wales. Smoking restrictions would be phased in, with a ban on smoking in NHS and government buildings by 2006, in enclosed public places by 2007, and pubs, bars and restaurants (except pubs not serving food) by the end of 2008.", "title": "Smoking ban in England" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Name Birth Marriage Their children Their grandchildren Date Spouse Charles, Prince of Wales 14 November 1948 29 July 1981 Divorced 28 August 1996 Lady Diana Spencer Prince William, Duke of Cambridge Prince George of Cambridge Princess Charlotte of Cambridge Prince Henry of Wales None 9 April 2005 Camilla Parker Bowles None Anne, Princess Royal 15 August 1950 14 November 1973 Divorced 28 April 1992 Mark Phillips Peter Phillips Savannah Phillips Isla Phillips Zara Tindall Mia Tindall 12 December 1992 Timothy Laurence None Prince Andrew, Duke of York 19 February 1960 23 July 1986 Divorced 30 May 1996 Sarah Ferguson Princess Beatrice of York None Princess Eugenie of York None Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex 10 March 1964 19 June 1999 Sophie Rhys - Jones Lady Louise Windsor None James, Viscount Severn None", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cynthia Jane Fellowes, Baroness Fellowes (née Spencer; born 11 February 1957) is one of the two older sisters of Diana, Princess of Wales, the other being Lady Sarah McCorquodale.", "title": "Jane Fellowes, Baroness Fellowes" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eleanor de Montfort, Princess of Wales and Lady of Snowdon (1252 – 19 June 1282) was an English noble. She was the daughter of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester and Eleanor of England. She was also the second woman who can be shown to have used the title Princess of Wales.", "title": "Eleanor de Montfort, Princess of Wales" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dancing Brave was a bay colt with a white snip and three white feet, standing sixteen hands high, bred by the Glen Oak Farm in Kentucky. He was not a particularly attractive individual as a young horse, being described as parrot-mouthed with imperfect forelegs. Dancing Brave was sired by Lyphard out of Navajo Princess, a mare who won sixteen races including the Molly Pitcher Handicap. Navajo Princess was a descendant of the mare Stolen Kiss, who was the ancestor of notable racehorses including the Epsom Derby winner Henbit and the Kentucky Derby winner Lucky Debonair.", "title": "Dancing Brave" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are currently thirteen national parks (Welsh: parciau cenedlaethol) in England and Wales. Each park is operated by its own national park authority, with two ``statutory purposes '':", "title": "National parks of the United Kingdom" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eleanor of England (18 June 1269 – 29 August 1298) was an English princess, the eldest surviving daughter of King Edward I of England and his first wife, Queen Eleanor of Castile.", "title": "Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Thomas Henry Evans (31 December 1882 - 19 March 1955) was a Welsh international rugby union flanker who played club rugby for Llanelli. Evans played in eighteen international games for Wales, and in 1908 was part of the Welsh team that faced touring Australian team. Evans played in four Home Nations Championships, from 1906 to 1909, and the first two Five Nations Championships, in 1910 and 1911; playing in three Triple Crown winning seasons.", "title": "Tom Evans (rugby player)" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "During the war, plans were drawn up to quell Welsh nationalism by affiliating Elizabeth more closely with Wales. Proposals, such as appointing her Constable of Caernarfon Castle or a patron of Urdd Gobaith Cymru (the Welsh League of Youth), were abandoned for various reasons, which included a fear of associating Elizabeth with conscientious objectors in the Urdd, at a time when Britain was at war. Welsh politicians suggested that she be made Princess of Wales on her 18th birthday. Home Secretary, Herbert Morrison supported the idea, but the King rejected it because he felt such a title belonged solely to the wife of a Prince of Wales and the Prince of Wales had always been the heir apparent. In 1946, she was inducted into the Welsh Gorsedd of Bards at the National Eisteddfod of Wales.", "title": "Elizabeth II" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Victoria's father was Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom, George III. Until 1817, Edward's niece, Princess Charlotte of Wales, was the only legitimate grandchild of George III. Her death in 1817 precipitated a succession crisis that brought pressure on the Duke of Kent and his unmarried brothers to marry and have children. In 1818 he married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, a widowed German princess with two children—Carl (1804–1856) and Feodora (1807–1872)—by her first marriage to the Prince of Leiningen. Her brother Leopold was Princess Charlotte's widower. The Duke and Duchess of Kent's only child, Victoria, was born at 4.15 a.m. on 24 May 1819 at Kensington Palace in London.", "title": "Queen Victoria" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Cwrtmawr Manuscripts are a collection of 1,549 volumes of medieval Welsh documents, mainly texts of Welsh literature, collected by John Humphreys Davies, who lived at Cwrtmawr near Llangeitho in Ceredigion and was principal of the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth from 1919-1926. The manuscripts are now kept in the National Library of Wales.", "title": "Cwrtmawr manuscripts" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1973 Japan rugby union tour of England, Wales and France was a series of eleven matches played by the Japan national rugby union team in Wales, England and France in September and October 1973. The Japanese team won only of two of their matches and lost the other nine. Neither Wales nor France awarded full international caps for their games against Japan.", "title": "1973 Japan rugby union tour of Wales, England and France" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Even before the Norman Conquest of England, the Normans had come into contact with Wales. Edward the Confessor had set up the aforementioned Ralph as earl of Hereford and charged him with defending the Marches and warring with the Welsh. In these original ventures, the Normans failed to make any headway into Wales.", "title": "Normans" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "\"Sapphire Princess\" was built in Japan by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, the second Princess Cruises ship to be built in a Japanese shipyard. Her only sister ship is \"Diamond Princess\", with whom she swapped names during construction.", "title": "Sapphire Princess" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The current and longest - serving Prince of Wales is Prince Charles, the eldest son of Elizabeth II, who is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other independent Commonwealth realms as well as Head of the 53 - member Commonwealth of Nations. The wife of the Prince of Wales is entitled to the title Princess of Wales. Prince Charles's first wife, Diana, used that title but his second wife, Camilla, uses only the title Duchess of Cornwall (or of Rothesay when in Scotland) because the other title has become so popularly associated with Diana.", "title": "Prince of Wales" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Slave of Kiss is the first EP released by Nana Kitade. \"Kiss\" is a cover of a Princess Princess song of the same name. A month later, the song was placed on the Princess Princess tribute album, \"14 Princess ~Princess Princess Children~\" as track #2. The EP includes an English version of Kitade's fifth single, \"Kiss or Kiss\". The A-side of this EP track #4 \"sweet frozen kiss\" is featured on her second album \"I scream\" . The EP reached #79 on the Oricon chart and stayed on the chart for a total of one week. At this point of her career, Kitade drastically changed her clothing to Gothic Lolita for the \"Kiss\" video.", "title": "Slave of Kiss" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Australian Police Rugby Union Association Inc. (A.P.R.U.) was first established in 1998 with a view to travelling to the 1999 IRB Rugby World Cup in Wales, Ireland and England. A team comprising representatives predominantly from New South Wales and the Australian Federal Police departed and played a number of games against the London Metropolitan Police, Irish Garda, Welsh and Combined British Police sides, with mixed success. Shortly after this Tour, the A.P.R.U. was disbanded.", "title": "Australian Police Rugby Union" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Jodie Comer as Elizabeth ``Lizzie ''of York, the Queen of England Rebecca Benson as Margaret`` Maggie'' Plantagenet, the Queen's paternal cousin, sister of Teddy Jacob Collins - Levy as Henry VII, the King of England, Elizabeth's husband Kenneth Cranham as Bishop (later Cardinal) John Morton, a confidant of the King's mother Essie Davis as Dowager Queen Elizabeth Woodville, the Queen's mother Rossy de Palma as Isabella I of Castile, the Queen of Castile Richard Dillane as Thomas Stanley, Margaret Beaufort's husband Anthony Flanagan as Francis Lovell, a Yorkist supporter Patrick Gibson as Perkin Warbeck, a pretender to the English crown and husband of Cathy Gordon Caroline Goodall as Cecily Neville, Duchess of York, the Queen's paternal grandmother. Goodall is the only actor appearing in both The White Queen and The White Princess. Amy Manson as Catherine ``Cathy ''Gordon, wife of Perkin Warbeck Adrian Rawlins as John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, husband of Eliza de la Pole Vincent Regan as Jasper Tudor, the King's uncle Suki Waterhouse as Cecily of York, the Queen's sister Joanne Whalley as Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, the Queen's paternal aunt Andrew Whipp as Sir Richard Pole, husband of Maggie Plantagenet Michelle Fairley as Margaret Beaufort, the King's mother", "title": "The White Princess (miniseries)" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "Pakistan", "id": 159737, "paragraph_support_idx": 15, "question": "Who withdrew it's forces?" }, { "answer": "7000–9000 BCE", "id": 27110, "paragraph_support_idx": 0, "question": "During what time span were there findings of habitation in India and #1 ?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Mesolithic period in the Indian subcontinent was followed by the Neolithic period, when more extensive settlement of the subcontinent occurred after the end of the last Ice Age approximately 12,000 years ago. The first confirmed semipermanent settlements appeared 9,000 years ago in the Bhimbetka rock shelters in modern Madhya Pradesh, India. Early Neolithic culture in South Asia is represented by the Bhirrana findings (7500 BCE) in Haryana, India & Mehrgarh findings (7000–9000 BCE) in Balochistan, Pakistan.", "title": "History of India" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Operation End Sweep ended officially on 27 July 1973, and Task Force 78 withdrew from North Vietnamese waters the following day.", "title": "Operation End Sweep" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Lewis and Clark Bridge is a cantilever bridge that spans the Columbia River between Longview, Washington and Rainier, Oregon. At the time of completion, it had the longest cantilever span in the United States.", "title": "Lewis and Clark Bridge (Columbia River)" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Forty - three countries participated in the contest, equalling the record of the 2008 and 2011 editions. Russia returned after their absence from the previous edition, and for the first time since 2011, no country withdrew from the contest.", "title": "Eurovision Song Contest 2018" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rolly (voiced by Sam Lavagnino) is a light brown 1 - year - old pup with a red collar. He is n't as smart as Bingo, and is very silly. He is Bingo's younger brother. In ``Bob Loves Mona '', he starts a bad habit of chewing everything he can find.", "title": "Puppy Dog Pals" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to the east of the city, prior to a full withdrawal once France agreed to pay a five billion franc war indemnity. At the same time, Prussian forces were concentrated in the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. An exodus occurred from Paris as some 200,000 people, predominantly middle-class, went to the countryside.", "title": "Franco-Prussian War" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Nagamandala is a movie based on folk tales spread in North Karnataka, India. The movie portrays lifestyle, food habits, and routine habits of medieval period in Karnataka. Snakes are considered sacred and are feared and worshipped. North Karnataka dialect is used for conversation. Supernatural elements play a central part in the film.", "title": "Nagamandala" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "India has never participated in the FIFA World Cup, although the team did qualify by default for the 1950 World Cup after all the other nations in their qualification group withdrew. However, India withdrew prior to the tournament beginning. The team has also appeared three times in the Asia's top football competition, the AFC Asian Cup. Their best result in the continental tournament occurred in 1964 when the team finished as runners - up. India also participate in the SAFF Championship, the top regional football competition in South Asia. They have won the tournament six times since the tournament began in 1993.", "title": "India national football team" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After it became independent from the British Empire in 1947, British India was partitioned into the new states of the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan. Along the lines of the geographical partition, the assets of the air force were divided between the new countries. India's air force retained the name of the Royal Indian Air Force, but three of the ten operational squadrons and facilities, located within the borders of Pakistan, were transferred to the Royal Pakistan Air Force. The RIAF Roundel was changed to an interim 'Chakra' roundel derived from the Ashoka Chakra.Around the same time, conflict broke out between them over the control of the princely state of Jammu & Kashmir. With Pakistani forces moving into the state, its Maharaja decided to accede to India in order to receive military help. The day after, the Instrument of Accession was signed, the RIAF was called upon to transport troops into the war zone. And this was when a good management of logistics came into help. This led to the eruption of full-scale war between India and Pakistan, though there was no formal declaration of war. During the war, the RIAF did not engage the Pakistan Air Force in air-to-air combat; however, it did provide effective transport and close air support to the Indian troops.When India became a republic in 1950, the prefix 'Royal' was dropped from the Indian Air Force. At the same time, the current IAF roundel was adopted.", "title": "Indian Air Force" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Third Policeman is a novel by Irish writer Brian O'Nolan, writing under the pseudonym Flann O'Brien. It was written between 1939 and 1940, but after it initially failed to find a publisher, the author withdrew the manuscript from circulation and claimed he had lost it. The book remained unpublished at the time of his death in 1966. It was published by MacGibbon & Kee in 1967.", "title": "The Third Policeman" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Battle of Morlaix was a battle fought in Morlaix on 30 September 1342 between England and France. The English besieged the town, but a French relief force arrived. The English constructed a strong defensive position. After repeated attacks, the French forced the English to retreat into the woods. The French force then withdrew. Notably it was the first use of a tactical withdrawal by the English in medieval warfare.", "title": "Battle of Morlaix" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Dark Habits () is a 1983 Spanish black comedy film written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar and starring Julieta Serrano, Marisa Paredes and Chus Lampreave. The plot follows a cabaret singer who finds refuge in a convent of eccentric nuns. The film is an exploration of the anachronistic situation of institutionalized religion in contemporary Spanish society.", "title": "Dark Habits" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On July 22, 2008 the UPA faced its first confidence vote in the Lok Sabha after the Communist Party of India (Marxist) led Left Front withdrew support over India approaching the IAEA for Indo - U.S. nuclear deal. The UPA won the confidence vote with 275 votes to the opposition's 256, (10 members abstained from the vote) to record a 19 - vote victory.", "title": "India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Indian capital city of Delhi has a long history, and has been an important political centre of India as the capital of several empires. Much of Delhi's ancient history finds no record and this may be regarded as a lost period of its history. Extensive coverage of Delhi's history begins with the onset of the Delhi Sultanate in the 12th century. Since then, Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms, making Delhi one of the longest serving Capitals and one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world. It is considered to be a city built, destroyed and rebuilt several times, as outsiders who successfully invaded the Indian Subcontinent would ransack the existing capital city in Delhi, and those who came to conquer and stay would be so impressed by the city's strategic location as to make it their capital and rebuild it in their own way. The core of Delhi's tangible heritage is Hindu, Islamic (spanning over seven centuries of Islamic rule over the city) with expansive British - era architecture in Lutyens' Delhi dating to the British rule in India.", "title": "History of Delhi" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Border Security Force (BSF) is the primary border defence organisation of India. It is one of the five Central Armed Police Forces of the Union of India, it was raised in the wake of the 1965 War on 1 December 1965, ``for ensuring the security of the borders of India and for matters connected there with ''. It is a Central Armed Police Force charged with guarding India's land border during peacetime and preventing transnational crime. It is a Union Government Agency under the administrative control of Ministry of Home Affairs. The BSF has its own cadre of officers but its head, designated as a Director - General (DG), since its raising has been an officer from the Indian Police Service. It is an Armed Force of the Union of India tasked with various assignments from time to time. The BSF has grown exponentially from a few battalions in 1965, to 186 battalions with a sanctioned strength of 257,363 personnel including an expanding air wing, marine wing, artillery regiments, and commando units. It currently stands as the world's largest border guarding force. BSF has been termed as the First Line of Defence of Indian Territories.", "title": "Border Security Force" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "After protracted negotiations a cease-fire was agreed to by both countries, which came into effect. The terms of the cease-fire as laid out in a United Nations resolution of 13 August 1948, were adopted by the UN on 5 January 1949. This required Pakistan to withdraw its forces, both regular and irregular, while allowing India to maintain minimum strength of its forces in the state to preserve law and order. On compliance of these conditions a plebiscite was to be held to determine the future of the territory. Indian losses were 1,104 killed and 3,154 wounded, whereas Pakistani losses were 6,000 killed and 14,000 wounded. India gained control of the two-thirds Kashmir whereas, Pakistan gained roughly one-third of Kashmir. Most neutral assessments agree that India was the victor of the war as it was able to successfully defend about two thirds of Kashmir including Kashmir valley, Jammu and Ladakh.", "title": "Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Statutory audit refers to the audit based on the laws applicable on the entity for the time being in force. It is governed by the Indian Accounting Standards (Ind - AS) issued by Institute of Chartered Accountants of India from time to time. A Chartered accountant holding a certificate of practice in India is qualified to be a statutory auditor of an entity. It is mandatory for a company in India to get the Statutory Audit of its financial statements done according to the provisions of Companies Act 2013.", "title": "Audit in India" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Indian general election of 1951 -- 52 elected the first Lok Sabha since India became independent in August 1947. Until this point, the Indian Constituent Assembly had served as an interim legislature. See the 'Durations' section below to find the time - range associated with these elections.", "title": "1951–52 Indian general election" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rolly (voiced by Sam Lavagnino) is a fawn pug with a red collar. He is n't as smart as Bingo, and is very silly. He is Bingo's younger brother. In ``Bob Loves Mona '', he starts a bad habit of chewing everything he can find.", "title": "Puppy Dog Pals" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Border Security Force (BSF) is the primary border guarding force of India. It is one of the five Central Armed Police Forces of the Union of India, it was raised in the wake of the 1965 War on 1 December 1965, ``for ensuring the security of the borders of India and for matters connected there with ''. It is a Central Armed Police Force charged with guarding India's land border during peacetime and preventing transnational crime. It is a Union Government Agency under the administrative control of Ministry of Home Affairs. The BSF has its own cadre of officers but its head, designated as a Director - General (DG), since its raising has been an officer from the Indian Police Service. It is an Armed Force of the Union of India tasked with various assignments from time to time. The BSF has grown exponentially from a few battalions in 1965, to 186 battalions with a sanctioned strength of 257,363 personnel including an expanding air wing, marine wing, artillery regiments, and commando units. It currently stands as the world's largest border guarding force. BSF has been termed as the First Line of Defence of Indian Territories.", "title": "Border Security Force" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "the Bronx", "id": 1845, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "In what borough is the Riverdale neighborhood located?" }, { "answer": "1,438,159", "id": 38366, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "What is the #1 's population?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "There are hundreds of distinct neighborhoods throughout the five boroughs of New York City, many with a definable history and character to call their own. If the boroughs were each independent cities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities in the United States.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heidelberg is a borough located southwest of Pittsburgh in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,244 at the 2010 census. The borough was named after Heidelberg in Germany, the native home of a large share of the early settlers.", "title": "Heidelberg, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstone rowhouses and townhouses and shabby tenements that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930. In contrast, New York City also has neighborhoods that are less densely populated and feature free-standing dwellings. In neighborhoods such as Riverdale (in the Bronx), Ditmas Park (in Brooklyn), and Douglaston (in Queens), large single-family homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victorian.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Conway is a borough in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States, located along the Ohio River. At the 2010 census, the borough had a total population of 2,176.", "title": "Conway, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Overbrook is a neighborhood on Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania's South Hills area. It has zip codes of 15227, 15234 and 15210 and has representation on Pittsburgh City Council by the council member for District 4 (South Neighborhoods). Originally called Fairhaven, the name was changed to Overbrook when breaking away from Baldwin Township to become a borough. Overbrook is located at the edge of the city, south of Downtown, and is surrounded by the city neighborhoods Brookline and Carrick and the boroughs of Castle Shannon and Whitehall. Overbrook Borough was one of the last annexed into the City of Pittsburgh. The historic Overbrook Community Center retains its borough origins and is still used by the community.", "title": "Overbrook (Pittsburgh)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Admiralenbuurt is a neighborhood of Amsterdam, Netherlands. It was constructed in the 1920s. The neighborhood is bisected by the Admiralengracht. From 1990-2010 it was part of the borough of De Baarsjes; in 2010 it along with the rest of De Baarsjes became part of the borough of Amsterdam-West.", "title": "Admiralenbuurt" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Riverdale is a city in Clayton County, Georgia, United States. The population was 15,134 at the 2010 census, up from 12,478 in 2000. Riverdale is a suburb just south of Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport and is part of the Atlanta metropolitan area.", "title": "Riverdale, Georgia" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zestienhoven is a neighborhood of Rotterdam, Netherlands and is part of the borough Overschie. Zestienhoven is the largest district in Overschie, but is sparsely populated. The Polder Zestienhoven is within the district, east of the urban area of Overschie. On the east side is the neighborhood Schiebroek and on the north side Rotterdam The Hague Airport.", "title": "Zestienhoven (district)" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Riverdale High School (Archie Comics), the fictional school in Archie Comics Riverdale High School (Riverdale, California) in Riverdale, California Riverdale High School (Fort Myers, Florida) in Fort Myers, Florida Riverdale High School (Riverdale, Georgia) in Riverdale, Georgia Riverdale High School (Port Byron, Illinois) in Port Byron, Illinois Riverdale High School (Jefferson, Louisiana) in Jefferson, Louisiana Riverdale High School (Riverdale, Nebraska) in Riverdale, Nebraska Riverdale High School (Hancock County, Ohio) in Mount Blanchard, Ohio Riverdale High School (Portland, Oregon) in Portland, Oregon Riverdale High School (Murfreesboro, Tennessee) in Murfreesboro, Tennessee Riverdale High School (Muscoda, Wisconsin) in Muscoda, Wisconsin Riverdale High School (Pierrefonds, Quebec) in Pierrefonds, Quebec, Canada Riverdale High School, Dehradun, India in Dallanwala, Dehradun", "title": "Riverdale High School" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Flatbush is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Founded in 1651 by Dutch colonists, the neighborhood, which consists of several subsections, had a population of 105,804 as of the 2010 United States Census.", "title": "Flatbush, Brooklyn" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Queensboro Bridge, also known as the 59th Street Bridge – because its Manhattan end is located between 59th and 60th Streets – and officially titled the Ed Koch Queensboro Bridge, is a cantilever bridge over the East River in New York City that was completed in 1909. It connects the neighborhood of Long Island City in the borough of Queens with the neighborhood of Upper East Side in Manhattan, passing over Roosevelt Island.", "title": "Queensboro Bridge" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Montebello is a neighborhood in the borough of Ullern in Oslo, Norway. The area is dominated by single dwellings. The Norwegian Radium Hospital is located at Montebello. The area is served by Montebello Station on the Kolsås Line of the Oslo T-bane.", "title": "Montebello, Norway" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Trones og Sentrum is a borough of the city of Sandnes, Norway. It encompasses the downtown part of the city, at the inner end of the Gandsfjorden. In 2016, this borough had a population of 8,250 and is in size. Sandnes Church is located in this borough.", "title": "Trones og Sentrum" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Bronx has several local newspapers, including The Bronx News, Parkchester News, City News, The Riverdale Press, Riverdale Review, The Bronx Times Reporter, Inner City Press (which now has more of a focus on national issues) and Co-Op City Times. Four non-profit news outlets, Norwood News, Mount Hope Monitor, Mott Haven Herald and The Hunts Point Express serve the borough's poorer communities. The editor and co-publisher of The Riverdale Press, Bernard Stein, won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing for his editorials about Bronx and New York City issues in 1998. (Stein graduated from the Bronx High School of Science in 1959.)", "title": "The Bronx" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Floral Park is an incorporated village in Nassau County, New York, United States, on Long Island. The neighborhood of Floral Park in the New York City borough of Queens, is adjacent to the village. The village is at the western border of Nassau County, and is located mainly in the Town of Hempstead, while the section north of Jericho Turnpike is within the Town of North Hempstead. The population as of the US Census of 2010 is 15,863.", "title": "Floral Park, New York" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lombardi's is a pizzeria located at 32 Spring Street on the corner of Mott Street in the Nolita neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan, New York City. Opened in 1905, it has been acknowledged by the Pizza Hall of Fame as the first pizzeria in the United States.", "title": "Lombardi's Pizza" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The Bronx /ˈbrɒŋks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges south over the East River to the borough of Queens. Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one on the U.S. mainland and, with a land area of 42 square miles (109 km2) and a population of 1,438,159 in 2014, has the fourth largest land area, the fourth highest population, and the third-highest population density.", "title": "The Bronx" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Soundview is a working - class neighborhood geographically located in the Clason Point section of the borough of the Bronx in New York City. The neighborhood is part of Bronx Community Board 9. Its boundaries, starting from the North and moving clockwise are the Cross-Bronx Expressway to the North, White Plains Road to the East, Lacombe Avenue to the South, and the Bronx River to the West. The Bruckner Expressway bisects the neighborhood horizontally along the center and the Bronx River Parkway runs north to south. Soundview Avenue is the primary thoroughfare through Soundview.", "title": "Soundview, Bronx" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Judson Memorial Church is located on Washington Square South between Thompson Street and Sullivan Street, opposite Washington Square Park, in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of the New York City borough of Manhattan. It is affiliated with the American Baptist Churches USA and with the United Church of Christ.", "title": "Judson Memorial Church" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Playwright Tennessee Williams grew up in the neighborhood, and the house of the renowned poet T. S. Eliot is located in the Central West End. Beat writer William S. Burroughs's childhood home sits on Pershing Avenue (formerly Berlin Avenue) in the neighborhood. And though, often mistaken as the location of Sally Benson's home, the setting of the stories which were adapted into the movie \"Meet Me in St. Louis,\" 5135 Kensington Avenue was actually located in the Academy neighborhood just across Delmar Boulevard to the north.", "title": "Central West End, St. Louis" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "San Diego", "id": 145082, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "What was Tammy Leitner's city of birth?" }, { "answer": "3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2)", "id": 35034, "paragraph_support_idx": 13, "question": "What was the population density of #1 in 2009?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2000, there were 1,174 people, 475 households, and 326 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,473.4 people per square mile (566.6/km²). There were 516 housing units at an average density of 647.6 per square mile (249.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 98.64% White, 0.26% Native American, 0.34% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.85% of the population.", "title": "Friend, Nebraska" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2010, there were 4,089 people, 1,423 households, and 1,133 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,648.8 inhabitants per square mile (636.6/km2). There were 1,507 housing units at an average density of 607.7 per square mile (234.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.8% White, 0.5% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.3% of the population.", "title": "Harrisburg, South Dakota" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2010, there were 1,124 people, 460 households, and 286 families residing in the city. The population density was 624.4 inhabitants per square mile (241.1/km2). There were 522 housing units at an average density of 290.0 per square mile (112.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 98.5% White, 0.2% African American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population.", "title": "Panora, Iowa" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "After a trend of declining population density since World War II, the city has seen increased density in the inner and western suburbs, aided in part by Victorian Government planning, such as Postcode 3000 and Melbourne 2030 which have aimed to curtail urban sprawl. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics as of June 2013, inner city Melbourne had the highest population density with 12,400 people per km2. Surrounding inner city suburbs experienced an increase in population density between 2012 and 2013; Carlton (9,000 people per km2) and Fitzroy (7,900).", "title": "Melbourne" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2010, there were 1,963 people, 770 households, and 505 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,443.4 inhabitants per square mile (557.3/km2). There were 830 housing units at an average density of 610.3 per square mile (235.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 97.0% White, 0.3% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.5% of the population.", "title": "Elk Point, South Dakota" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Tamara Leitner (born July 3, 1972 in San Diego, California) is an investigative TV reporter and former reality television contestant.", "title": "Tammy Leitner" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2000, there were 3,260 people, 1,290 households, and 798 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,677.0 people per square mile (648.8/km²). There were 1,420 housing units at an average density of 730.5 per square mile (282.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 90.64% White, 7.67% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.21% from other races, and 1.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of the population.", "title": "Bowling Green, Missouri" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2010, there were 510 people, 219 households, and 137 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,593.8 inhabitants per square mile (615.4/km2). There were 242 housing units at an average density of 756.3 per square mile (292.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.1% White, 0.2% Native American, 6.1% from other races, and 0.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.0% of the population.", "title": "Dow City, Iowa" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In recent years, the city has experienced steady population growth, and has been faced with the issue of accommodating more residents. In 2006, after growing by 4,000 citizens per year for the previous 16 years, regional planners expected the population of Seattle to grow by 200,000 people by 2040. However, former mayor Greg Nickels supported plans that would increase the population by 60%, or 350,000 people, by 2040 and worked on ways to accommodate this growth while keeping Seattle's single-family housing zoning laws. The Seattle City Council later voted to relax height limits on buildings in the greater part of Downtown, partly with the aim to increase residential density in the city centre. As a sign of increasing inner-city growth, the downtown population crested to over 60,000 in 2009, up 77% since 1990.", "title": "Seattle" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2010, there were 878 people, 349 households, and 167 families residing in the city. The population density was 914.6 inhabitants per square mile (353.1/km2). There were 398 housing units at an average density of 414.6 per square mile (160.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 83.0% White, 2.3% African American, 9.9% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.7% of the population.", "title": "Onamia, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2000, there were 2,226 people, 957 households, and 618 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,486.5 people per square mile (573.0/km²). There were 1,050 housing units at an average density of 701.2 per square mile (270.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 99.01% White, 0.04% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.45% from other races, and 0.22% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.81% of the population.", "title": "Geneva, Nebraska" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On August 9, 1945 the population was estimated to be 263,000. As of 1 March 2017, the city had population of 425,723 and a population density of 1,000 persons per km2.", "title": "Nagasaki" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Guam (i/ˈɡwɑːm/ or /ˈɡwɒm/; Chamorro: Guåhån;[needs IPA] formally the Territory of Guam) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. Located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government. The capital city is Hagåtña, and the most populous city is Dededo. In 2015, 161,785 people resided on Guam. Guamanians are American citizens by birth. Guam has an area of 544 km2 (210 sq mi) and a density of 297/km² (770/sq mi). It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands, and the largest island in Micronesia. Among its municipalities, Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest density at 1,425/km² (3,691/sq mi), whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 47/km² (119/sq mi). The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 406 meters (1,332 ft) above sea level.", "title": "Guam" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "As of the Census of 2010, there were 1,307,402 people living in the city of San Diego. That represents a population increase of just under 7% from the 1,223,400 people, 450,691 households, and 271,315 families reported in 2000. The estimated city population in 2009 was 1,306,300. The population density was 3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2). The racial makeup of San Diego was 45.1% White, 6.7% African American, 0.6% Native American, 15.9% Asian (5.9% Filipino, 2.7% Chinese, 2.5% Vietnamese, 1.3% Indian, 1.0% Korean, 0.7% Japanese, 0.4% Laotian, 0.3% Cambodian, 0.1% Thai). 0.5% Pacific Islander (0.2% Guamanian, 0.1% Samoan, 0.1% Native Hawaiian), 12.3% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. The ethnic makeup of the city was 28.8% Hispanic or Latino (of any race); 24.9% of the total population were Mexican American, and 0.6% were Puerto Rican.", "title": "San Diego" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Leitner system is a widely used method of efficiently using flashcards that was proposed by the German science journalist Sebastian Leitner in the 1970s. It is a simple implementation of the principle of spaced repetition, where cards are reviewed at increasing intervals.", "title": "Leitner system" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 2014, the city had an estimated population density of 27,858 people per square mile (10,756/km²), rendering it the most densely populated of all municipalities housing over 100,000 residents in the United States; however, several small cities (of fewer than 100,000) in adjacent Hudson County, New Jersey are more dense overall, as per the 2000 Census. Geographically co-extensive with New York County, the borough of Manhattan's population density of 71,672 people per square mile (27,673/km²) makes it the highest of any county in the United States and higher than the density of any individual American city.", "title": "New York City" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2010, there were 672 people, 304 households, and 164 families residing in the city. The population density was 700.0 inhabitants per square mile (270.3/km2). There were 336 housing units at an average density of 350.0 per square mile (135.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 99.7% White, 0.1% from other races, and 0.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.6% of the population.", "title": "Fontanelle, Iowa" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the census of 2000, there were 690 people, 285 households, and 171 families residing in the city. The population density was 878.5 people per square mile (337.2/km²). There were 317 housing units at an average density of 403.6 per square mile (154.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 82.61% White, 15.80% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.14% Pacific Islander, 0.14% from other races, and 0.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.74% of the population.", "title": "Browns Valley, Minnesota" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "As of the 2010 census, there were 579,999 people, 230,233 households, and 144,120 families residing in the city. The population density was 956.4 inhabitants per square mile (321.9/km²). There were 256,930 housing units at an average density of 375.9 per square mile (145.1/km²).", "title": "Oklahoma City" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Most of the most densely populated cities are in Southeast Asia, though Cairo and Lagos in Africa also fall into this category.", "title": "Population density" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Texas", "id": 85753, "paragraph_support_idx": 16, "question": "where do they still do the electric chair" }, { "answer": "one level down from the automobile street", "id": 64503, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "how deep is the riverwalk in san antonio #1" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Still Waters Run Deep is a 1916 British silent crime film directed by Fred Paul and starring Lady Helen Tree, Milton Rosmer and Rutland Barrington. It was based on the 1855 play \"Still Waters Run Deep\" by Tom Taylor.", "title": "Still Waters Run Deep (film)" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "San Antonio Gaelic Athletic Club (\"Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Naomh Antaine\"), or the San Patricios was formed in San Antonio, Texas in 2011. The SAGAC was conceived as an idea by a group of individuals, and was birthed as San Antonio’s first Gaelic football team. The group sought to reconnect to the land of their ancestry, to celebrate the sport and traditions of the Irish culture and to foster a community that would keep those traditions alive.", "title": "San Antonio Gaelic Athletic Club" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Robert Gleason, executed in the electric chair at Greensville Correctional Center, Virginia, on January 16, 2013, is the most recent individual to choose electrocution over lethal injection.", "title": "Electric chair" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Charles Augustus Rosenheimer Campbell, Sr., M.D. (December 29, 1863 – February 22, 1931) was president of the San Antonio Academy of Medicine and bacteriologist for San Antonio, Texas. His medical interests in mosquitoes as disease vectors led him to appreciate bats as a way to reduce mosquito populations.", "title": "Charles Augustus Rosenheimer Campbell" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "San Antonio Spurs 2017 -- 18 San Antonio Spurs season Conference Western Division Southwest Founded 1967 History Dallas Chaparrals (ABA) 1967 -- 1970, 1971 -- 1973 Texas Chaparrals (ABA) 1970 -- 1971 San Antonio Spurs (ABA) 1973 -- 1976 San Antonio Spurs (NBA) 1976 -- present Arena AT&T Center Location San Antonio, Texas Team colors Black, silver President Gregg Popovich General manager R.C. Buford Head coach Gregg Popovich Ownership Spurs Sports & Entertainment (Peter Holt, Chairman and CEO) Affiliation (s) Austin Spurs Championships 5 (1999, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2014) Conference titles 6 (1999, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2013, 2014) Division titles 22 (1978, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1990, 1991, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017) Retired numbers 8 (00, 6, 12, 13, 21, 32, 44, 50) Website www.nba.com/spurs Uniforms Home Away Third", "title": "San Antonio Spurs" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Rumors began swirling with regards to bringing the AFL back to Austin and San Antonio, Texas. Both cities have hosted franchises in the past (Austin Wranglers, San Antonio Force and San Antonio Talons), but an AFL spokesman, BJ Pickard, was quoted as saying, \"News to me.\" Announcements have yet to be made on any sort of expansion plans. An expected \"big announcement\" on Friday, October 30 at a San Antonio Spurs game never came to fruition.", "title": "Arena Football League" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Barrio San Antonio is a historic barrio located adjacent to and east of downtown Tucson, Arizona, United States. The barrio is named after San Antonio, or Anthony of Padua, the Portuguese saint. The neighborhood is a federal empowerment zone and is home to multiple downtown Tucson elementary schools and businesses.", "title": "Barrio San Antonio" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On May 6, 2017, the city of San Antonio, Texas held an election to choose the next mayor of San Antonio. As no candidate secured a majority of the vote (50% of all votes cast + 1), a runoff was held on June 10, 2017 with Councilman Ron Nirenberg defeating incumbent mayor Ivy Taylor.", "title": "2017 San Antonio mayoral election" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "San Antonio, Texas City City of San Antonio From top to bottom, left to right: Downtown San Antonio, Tower Life Building, San Antonio Riverwalk, Bexar County Courthouse, Tower of the Americas, Cathedral of San Fernando, The Alamo, Mission Concepcion Flag Seal Coat of arms Nickname (s): San Antone, S.A., River City, Alamo City, Military City USA Motto (s): Libertatis cunabula (Latin, Cradle of liberty) Location in Bexar County in the state of Texas San Antonio Location in Texas San Antonio San Antonio (the US) Show map of Texas Show map of the US Show all Coordinates: 29 ° 25 ′ N 98 ° 30 ′ W  /  29.417 ° N 98.500 ° W  / 29.417; - 98.500 Country United States State Texas Counties Bexar, Medina, Comal Foundation May 1, 1718 Incorporated June 5, 1837 Named for Saint Anthony of Padua Government Type Council - Manager Body San Antonio City Council Mayor Ron Nirenberg (I) City Manager Sheryl Sculley City Council List (show) Robert C. Treviño William ``Cruz ''Shaw Rebecca Viagran Rey Saldaña Shirley Gonzales Greg Brockhouse Ana Sandoval Manny Pelaez John Courage Clayton Perry Area City 465.4 sq mi (1,205.4 km) Land 460.93 sq mi (1,193.7 km) Water 4.5 sq mi (11.7 km) Elevation 650 ft (198 m) Population (2017) City 1,511,946 (7th) Density 3,241.76 / sq mi (1,238.2 / km) Metro 2,473,974 (24th) Demonym San Antonian Time zone CST (UTC − 6) Summer (DST) CDT (UTC − 5) Zip Codes 78201 - 66, 78268 - 70, 78275, 78278 - 80, 78283 - 89, 78291 - 99 Area codes 210 (majority), 830 (portions), 726 Interstates U.S. Routes Website www.SanAntonio.gov", "title": "San Antonio" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On June 23, 2009, Richard Jefferson was traded to the San Antonio Spurs for Bruce Bowen, Kurt Thomas, and Fabricio Oberto. On June 30, 2010 Jefferson opted out of his contract with San Antonio and became an unrestricted free agent. On July 23, 2010, Jefferson re-signed with the Spurs.", "title": "Richard Jefferson" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "A number of states still allow the condemned person to choose between electrocution and lethal injection. In all, twelve inmates nationwide - seven in Virginia, three in South Carolina, and one each in Arkansas and Tennessee - have opted for electrocution over lethal injection. The last use of the chair was on January 16, 2013, when Robert Gleason, Jr., decided to go to the electric chair in Virginia.", "title": "Electric chair" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "San Antonio de Pichincha, or simply San Antonio and less frequently by the older name San Antonio de Lulumpamba (alternate spelling: Lulumbamba), is a rural parish of Quito Canton, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. The seat of the parish lies in an arid plain with sandy soil known as \"Lulumpamba\". The Quechua language name of the plain means \"plain of fruit(s)\". It is southeast of Pululahua (Pululagua) Volcano and east of Casitagua Volcano. In the village there is also a Lulumpamba street named after the plain.", "title": "San Antonio de Pichincha" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Irving Allen Mathews (8 Apr 1917 Toledo, Ohio – 7 February 1994, San Antonio) was an American specialty retail executive, who devoted 41 years to Frost Bros., formerly of San Antonio, Texas. He also served as Board Chairman of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.", "title": "Irving Allen Mathews" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The San Antonio River Walk (also known as Paseo del Río or simply as the River Walk) is a network of walkways along the banks of the San Antonio River, one story beneath the streets of San Antonio, Texas, USA. Lined by bars, shops, restaurants, nature, and public art, the River Walk is an important part of the city's urban fabric and a tourist attraction in its own right.", "title": "San Antonio River Walk" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Andrew Lee Jones (c. 1955 – July 22, 1991) was an American executed for murder. He was tried, convicted, and executed in the electric chair in Louisiana for the murder of Tumekica Jackson. He was the last inmate to die in Louisiana's infamous electric chair, \"Gruesome Gertie\".", "title": "Andrew Lee Jones" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Created in 1967, the Stockholm Big Electric Chair is part of a series of works by Andy Warhol depicting an electric chair. Death by electrocution was a controversial subject in New York City, where the artist lived and worked, especially after the last two executions at Sing Sing Correctional Facility in 1963. Warhol obtained a photograph of the empty execution chamber, which became the basis for this series.", "title": "Big Electric Chair" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Texas changed its execution laws in 1923, requiring the executions be carried out on the electric chair and that they take place at the Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville (also known as Huntsville Unit). From 1928 until 1965, this was also home to the state's male death row. The first executions on the electric chair were on February 8, 1924, when Charles Reynolds, Ewell Morris, George Washington, Mack Matthews, and Melvin Johnson had their death sentences carried out. The five executions were the most carried out on a single day in the state. The state would conduct multiple executions on a single day on several other occasions, the last being on August 9, 2000. Since then, the state has not executed more than one person on a single day, though there is no law prohibiting it. A total of 361 people were electrocuted in Texas, with the last being Joseph Johnson on July 30, 1964.", "title": "Capital punishment in Texas" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Jemez River is a tributary of the Rio Grande in the U.S. state of New Mexico. The river is formed by the confluence of the East Fork Jemez River and San Antonio Creek, which drain a number of tributaries in the area of the Jemez Mountains and Santa Fe National Forest. The Jemez River is about long, or about long if its longest headwater tributary, San Antonio Creek, is included. The East Fork Jemez River is about long. Both San Antonio Creek and the East Fork Jemez River flow through intricate meanders along their courses. The East Fork Jemez is a National Wild and Scenic River.", "title": "Jemez River" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The San Antonio River Walk (also known as Paseo del Río or simply as The River Walk) is a city park and network of walkways along the banks of the San Antonio River, one story beneath the streets of San Antonio, Texas, USA. Lined by bars, shops, restaurants, nature, public artwork, and the five historic missions, the River Walk is an important part of the city's urban fabric and a tourist attraction in its own right.", "title": "San Antonio River Walk" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The River Walk is a successful special - case pedestrian street, one level down from the automobile street. The River Walk winds and loops under bridges as two parallel sidewalks lined with restaurants and shops, connecting the major tourist draws from the Shops at Rivercenter, to the Arneson River Theatre, to Marriage Island, to La Villita, to HemisFair Park, to the Tower Life Building, to the San Antonio Museum of Art, to the Pearl and the city's five Spanish colonial missions, which have been named a World Heritage Site, including the Alamo. During the annual springtime Fiesta San Antonio, the River Parade features flowery floats that float down the river.", "title": "San Antonio River Walk" } ]

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[ { "answer": "Queen Victoria", "id": 17854, "paragraph_support_idx": 3, "question": "Who was the first monarch to reside there?" }, { "answer": "palace was seldom used, even neglected", "id": 17873, "paragraph_support_idx": 5, "question": "What happened to Buckingham after #1 left?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Governor - General of Belize Coat of Arms of Belize Flag of the Governor - General Incumbent Sir Colville Young GCMG, MBE since 17 November 1993 Viceroy Style His Excellency Residence Government House, Belize (former) Belize House, Belmopan (since 1984) Appointer Monarch of Belize Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure Formation 21 September 1981 First holder Dame Elmira Gordon Website www.belize.gov.bz", "title": "Governor-General of Belize" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "While working at Capital Radio, Sophie met Prince Edward, the youngest son of the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh, for the first time in 1987 when he was dating her friend. She met Prince Edward again at a charity event in 1993, and the two began their relationship soon afterwards. Their engagement was announced on 6 January 1999. Edward proposed to Sophie with an engagement ring featuring a two-carat oval diamond flanked by two heart-shaped gemstones set in 18-carat white gold. The ring was made by Asprey and Garrard (now Garrard & Co) and is worth an estimated £105,000. Sophie, who was reportedly close to the Queen from the beginning of her relationship with Edward, was allowed to use the royal apartments at Buckingham Palace prior to her engagement. The wedding took place on 19 June of the same year at St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle, a break from the weddings of Edward's older siblings, which were large, formal events at Westminster Abbey or St Paul's Cathedral. On the day of their marriage, Prince Edward was created a hereditary peer as Earl of Wessex with the subsidiary title of Viscount Severn (derived from the Welsh roots of the Countess's family). It is understood that he will be elevated as Duke of Edinburgh when that title reverts to the Crown. The couple spent their honeymoon at Balmoral Castle. Following their union, the Earl and Countess moved to Bagshot Park, their home in Surrey. While their private residence is Bagshot Park, their office and official London residence is based at Buckingham Palace. Due to renovations at Buckingham Palace in 2018, the couple temporarily moved their offices to St James's Palace.", "title": "Sophie, Countess of Wessex" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The University of Buckingham (UB) is a non-profit, private university in the UK and the oldest of the country's five private universities. It is located in Buckingham, England, and was founded as the University College at Buckingham (UCB) in 1973, admitting its first students in 1976. It was granted university status by royal charter in 1983. Buckingham offers bachelor's degrees, master's degrees and doctoral degrees through five \"schools\" (or faculties) of study.", "title": "University of Buckingham" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Buckingham Palace finally became the principal royal residence in 1837, on the accession of Queen Victoria, who was the first monarch to reside there; her predecessor William IV had died before its completion. While the state rooms were a riot of gilt and colour, the necessities of the new palace were somewhat less luxurious. For one thing, it was reported the chimneys smoked so much that the fires had to be allowed to die down, and consequently the court shivered in icy magnificence. Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when a decision was taken to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors. It was also said that staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty. Following the queen's marriage in 1840, her husband, Prince Albert, concerned himself with a reorganisation of the household offices and staff, and with the design faults of the palace. The problems were all rectified by the close of 1840. However, the builders were to return within the decade.", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first governor - general during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950", "title": "Governor-General of India" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: \"These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business.\" Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Viceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first Governor - General during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950", "title": "Governor-General of India" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The house which forms the architectural core of the palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings. Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's descendant, Sir Charles Sheffield, in 1761 to George III for £21,000. Sheffield's leasehold on the mulberry garden site, the freehold of which was still owned by the royal family, was due to expire in 1774.", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The first Armistice Day was held at Buckingham Palace, commencing with King George V hosting a ``Banquet in Honour of the President of the French Republic ''during the evening hours of 10 November 1919. The first official Armistice Day events were subsequently held in the grounds of Buckingham Palace on the morning of 11 November 1919. This would set the trend for a day of Remembrance for decades to come.", "title": "Armistice Day" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "George III found St James's increasingly unsuitable. The Tudor palace was regarded as uncomfortable and too cramped for his ever - growing family. In 1762 George purchased Buckingham House -- the predecessor to Buckingham Palace -- for his queen, Charlotte of Mecklenburg - Strelitz The royal family began to spend the majority of their time at Buckingham House, with St James's being used for only the most formal of occasions; thrice - weekly levées and public audiences were still held there. In the late 18th century, George III refurbished the state apartments but neglected the living quarters. Queen Victoria formalised the move in 1837, ending St James's status as the primary residence of the monarch. It was nevertheless where Victoria married her husband, Prince Albert, in 1840, and where, eighteen years later, Victoria and Albert's eldest child, Princess Victoria, married her husband, Prince Frederick of Prussia.", "title": "St James's Palace" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "King of Saudi Arabia ملك المملكة العربية السعودية Royal Standard of Saudi Arabia Incumbent Salman since 23 January 2015 Details Heir apparent Mohammad bin Salman First monarch Ibn Saud Formation 22 September 1932 Residence King's Palace", "title": "King of Saudi Arabia" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "King of the Netherlands Koning der Nederlanden Coat of arms of the Netherlands Incumbent Willem - Alexander since 30 April 2013 Details Style His Majesty Heir apparent Catharina - Amalia, Princess of Orange First monarch William I Formation 16 March 1815 Residence Royal Palace of Amsterdam Noordeinde Palace Huis ten Bosch Website The Royal Website", "title": "Monarchy of the Netherlands" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 9 March 2016, The Sun's front page proclaimed that Queen Elizabeth II was backing \"Brexit\", a common term for a British withdrawal from the European Union. It claimed that in 2011 at Windsor Castle, while having lunch with Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg, the monarch criticised the union. Clegg denied that the Queen made such a statement, and a Buckingham Palace spokesperson confirmed that a complaint had been made to the Independent Press Standards Organisation over a breach of guidelines relating to accuracy.", "title": "The Sun (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Governor - General of the Bahamas Flag of the Governor - General Incumbent Dame Marguerite Pindling since 8 July 2014 Style Her Excellency Residence Government House, The Bahamas Appointer Monarch of the Bahamas Term length At Her Majesty's pleasure Formation 31 July 1973 First holder Sir Milo Butler Website www.bahamas.gov.bs", "title": "Governor-General of the Bahamas" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as The Queen's House. During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Buckingham Chantry Chapel (also known as the Old Latin School) is a 15th-century chapel and a National Trust property in Buckingham, Buckinghamshire, England. The chapel is the oldest building in Buckingham and is noted in particular for its Norman doorway. Few buildings in Buckingham date to before the 18th century, as a large fire destroyed much of the town in 1725. The chapel is a Grade II* listed building, being added to the list by English Heritage on 13 October 1952.", "title": "Buckingham Chantry Chapel" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Out of the Cradle is the third solo album by the American singer/songwriter Lindsey Buckingham. Released in 1992, it was Buckingham's first album after his much-publicised departure from Fleetwood Mac in 1987 (though Buckingham rejoined the band in the mid-1990s). The album reached #128 on the US \"Billboard 200\" album chart, #51 on the UK Albums Chart, and #70 on the Canada Albums Chart. In Canada, three singles charted within the Top 60.", "title": "Out of the Cradle" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The government, consisting of the monarch and the ministers, will then usually approve the proposal and the sovereign and one of the ministers signs the proposal with the addition of an enacting clause, thereafter notifying the States General that \"The King assents to the proposal.\" It has happened in exceptional circumstances that the government does not approve a law that has been passed in parliament. In such a case, neither the monarch nor a minister will sign the bill, notifying the States General that \"The King will keep the proposal under advisement.\" A law that has received royal assent will be published in the State Magazine, with the original being kept in the archives of the King's Offices.", "title": "Royal assent" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as \"The Queen's House\". During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.", "title": "Buckingham Palace" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Heroes Are Hard to Find is the ninth studio album by British-American rock band Fleetwood Mac, released on 13 September 1974. This is the last album with Bob Welch, who left at the end of 1974, and was replaced by Lindsey Buckingham and Stevie Nicks. It was the first Fleetwood Mac studio album properly recorded in the US as well as the first to enter the top 40 of the \"Billboard\" 200 album chart. The title track was edited and issued as a single but it failed to chart.", "title": "Heroes Are Hard to Find" } ]

[ "palace", "Palace" ]

[ { "answer": "Poland", "id": 29191, "paragraph_support_idx": 1, "question": "Where was Frederic Chopin from?" }, { "answer": "Lech Wałęsa", "id": 80144, "paragraph_support_idx": 19, "question": "who became the president of #1 in 1990" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "At the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit in Paris in 1839, Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. On 26 July 1840 Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale, composed to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the July Revolution. Chopin was reportedly unimpressed with the composition.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "In the late 12th-century, a school of polyphony was established at the Notre-Dame. A group of Parisian aristocrats, known as Trouvères, became known for their poetry and songs. Troubadors were also popular. During the reign of Francois I, the lute became popular in the French court, and a national musical printing house was established. During the Renaissance era, the French Boleroroyals \"disported themselves in masques, ballets, allegorical dances, recitals, and opera and comedy\". Baroque-era composers include Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, and François Couperin and were popular. The Conservatoire de Musique de Paris was founded in 1795. By 1870, Paris had become an important centre for symphony, ballet and operatic music. Romantic-era composers (in Paris) include Hector Berlioz (La Symphonie fantastique), Charles Gounod (Faust), Camille Saint-Saëns (Samson et Delilah), Léo Delibes (Lakmé) and Jules Massenet (Thaïs), among others. Georges Bizet's Carmen premiered 3 March 1875. Carmen has since become one of the most popular and frequently-performed operas in the classical canon; Impressionist composers Claude Debussy ((La Mer) and Maurice Ravel (Boléro) also made significant contributions to piano (Clair de lune, Miroirs), orchestra, opera (Palléas et Mélisande), and other musical forms. Foreign-born composers have made their homes in Paris and have made significant contributions both with their works and their influence. They include Frédéric Chopin (Poland), Franz Liszt (Hungary), Jacques Offenbach (Germany), and Igor Stravinsky (Russia).", "title": "Paris" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Some modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a \"nationalist\" or \"patriotic\" composer. George Golos refers to earlier \"nationalist\" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazurka forms. Barbara Milewski suggests that Chopin's experience of Polish music came more from \"urbanised\" Warsaw versions than from folk music, and that attempts (by Jachimecki and others) to demonstrate genuine folk music in his works are without basis. Richard Taruskin impugns Schumann's attitude toward Chopin's works as patronizing and comments that Chopin \"felt his Polish patriotism deeply and sincerely\" but consciously modelled his works on the tradition of Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mátyás Szűrös (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmaːcaːʃ ˈsyːrøʃ]; born 11 September 1933 in Püspökladány) is a Hungarian politician. He served as provisional President of the Republic from 23 October 1989 to 2 May 1990. His presidency occurred during Hungary's transition from Communism to democratic government.Szűrös served as Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary from March 1989 to May 1990. In the fall of 1989, as part of an agreement between the Communists and the opposition to establish multiparty democracy, the 1949 Constitution was almost completely rewritten to remove its Communist character. The Presidential Council, the country's Communist-era collective presidency, was dissolved. Under the Constitution, Szűrös became provisional president until the election. Soon after taking office on 23 October he made the official proclamation that Hungary had removed the \"People's Republic\" from its constitutional name and was now the \"Republic of Hungary.\"", "title": "Mátyás Szűrös" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Idris Abdul Wakil (10 April 1925 – 15 March 2000) was the President of Zanzibar from 24 October 1985 to 25 October 1990.", "title": "Idris Abdul Wakil" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In 1836, at a party hosted by Marie d'Agoult, Chopin met the French author George Sand (born [Amantine] Aurore [Lucile] Dupin). Short (under five feet, or 152 cm), dark, big-eyed and a cigar smoker, she initially repelled Chopin, who remarked, \"What an unattractive person la Sand is. Is she really a woman?\" However, by early 1837 Maria Wodzińska's mother had made it clear to Chopin in correspondence that a marriage with her daughter was unlikely to proceed. It is thought that she was influenced by his poor health and possibly also by rumours about his associations with women such as d'Agoult and Sand. Chopin finally placed the letters from Maria and her mother in a package on which he wrote, in Polish, \"My tragedy\". Sand, in a letter to Grzymała of June 1838, admitted strong feelings for the composer and debated whether to abandon a current affair in order to begin a relationship with Chopin; she asked Grzymała to assess Chopin's relationship with Maria Wodzińska, without realising that the affair, at least from Maria's side, was over.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frederic W. Boatwright (January 28, 1868 – October 31, 1951) was president of Richmond College, now the University of Richmond, from 1895 to 1946.", "title": "Frederic W. Boatwright" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frederic Jones (1832 – 8 September 1890) was a New Zealand politician. Originally from England, he settled in the colony in 1863 for health reasons.", "title": "Frederic Jones" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The novel is divided into five sections. In the first, Frederic Henry, an American paramedic serving in the Italian Army, is introduced to Catherine Barkley, an English nurse, by his good friend and roommate, Rinaldi, a surgeon. Frederic attempts to seduce her; although he does n't want a serious relationship, his feelings for Catherine build. Frederic is wounded in the knee by a mortar on the Italian Front and sent to a hospital in Milan, where Catherine is also sent.", "title": "A Farewell to Arms" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin's music remains very popular and is regularly performed, recorded and broadcast worldwide. The world's oldest monographic music competition, the International Chopin Piano Competition, founded in 1927, is held every five years in Warsaw. The Fryderyk Chopin Institute of Poland lists on its website over eighty societies world-wide devoted to the composer and his music. The Institute site also lists nearly 1,500 performances of Chopin works on YouTube as of January 2014.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frederic Remington (born November 14, 1929 in Elizabeth, New Jersey) is an American Republican Party politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1978 to 1982.", "title": "Frederic Remington (politician)" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin's tombstone, featuring the muse of music, Euterpe, weeping over a broken lyre, was designed and sculpted by Clésinger. The expenses of the funeral and monument, amounting to 5,000 francs, were covered by Jane Stirling, who also paid for the return of the composer's sister Ludwika to Warsaw. Ludwika took Chopin's heart in an urn, preserved in alcohol, back to Poland in 1850.[n 9] She also took a collection of two hundred letters from Sand to Chopin; after 1851 these were returned to Sand, who seems to have destroyed them.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Chopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt later transcribed for piano six of Chopin's Polish songs. A less fraught friendship was with Alkan, with whom he discussed elements of folk music, and who was deeply affected by Chopin's death.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The British Library notes that \"Chopin's works have been recorded by all the great pianists of the recording era.\" The earliest recording was an 1895 performance by Paul Pabst of the Nocturne in E major Op. 62 No. 2. The British Library site makes available a number of historic recordings, including some by Alfred Cortot, Ignaz Friedman, Vladimir Horowitz, Benno Moiseiwitsch, Paderewski, Arthur Rubinstein, Xaver Scharwenka and many others. A select discography of recordings of Chopin works by pianists representing the various pedagogic traditions stemming from Chopin is given by Methuen-Campbell in his work tracing the lineage and character of those traditions.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``The Storm ''is a short story written by American writer Kate Chopin in 1898. The setting of the story takes place during the 19th Century somewhere in the south where storms are frequent and dangerous. It did not appear in print in Chopin's lifetime, but it was published in The Complete Works of Kate Chopin in 1969. This story is the sequel to Chopin's`` At the 'Cadian Ball''.", "title": "The Storm (short story)" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "``How Am I Supposed to Live Without You ''was supposed to be recorded by the duo Air Supply. But when Arista President Clive Davis asked for permission to change the lyrics of the chorus, Bolton refused, and Davis let go of the song. Subsequently Laura Branigan recorded it as written, and it became the first major hit for the two songwriters. Bolton's own rendition became a worldwide hit in early 1990.", "title": "How Am I Supposed to Live Without You" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "President John Adams also occupied the Market Street mansion from March 1797 to May 1800. On Saturday, November 1, 1800, he became the first president to occupy the White House. The President's House in Philadelphia became a hotel and was demolished in 1832, while the unused presidential mansion became home to the University of Pennsylvania.", "title": "White House" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: ​[fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the solo piano. He gained and has maintained renown worldwide as one of the leading musicians of his era, whose \"poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation.\" Chopin was born in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, and grew up in Warsaw, which after 1815 became part of Congress Poland. A child prodigy, he completed his musical education and composed his earlier works in Warsaw before leaving Poland at the age of 20, less than a month before the outbreak of the November 1830 Uprising.", "title": "Frédéric Chopin" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eurolot S.A. (previously styled as EuroLOT) was a Polish regional airline based in Warsaw. Apart from its own flights under the \"eurolot.com\" brand, it operated short-haul flights for LOT Polish Airlines, as well as ad-hoc charter flights. Its main base was Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport (when operating for LOT), whilst its own flights centre on its hubs at John Paul II Kraków Airport and Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport. The airline had its head office in the LOT Polish Airlines headquarters in Warsaw. Eurolot ended operations on 31 March 2015.", "title": "Eurolot" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The leader of the Solidarity movement, Lech Wałęsa, won the first round. However, he did not earn over 50% of the vote, which led to a runoff election. Wałęsa faced Polish - Canadian businessman Stanisław Tymiński in the second round, defeating him easily.", "title": "1990 Polish presidential election" } ]

[]

[ { "answer": "NATO", "id": 38229, "paragraph_support_idx": 17, "question": "What topic did Eisenhower not discuss during the campaign?" }, { "answer": "North Atlantic Treaty Organization", "id": 84500, "paragraph_support_idx": 12, "question": "what do the letters in #1 stand for" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Early discussions of examples of two-person games occurred long before the rise of modern, mathematical game theory. The first known discussion of game theory occurred in a letter written by Charles Waldegrave, an active Jacobite, and uncle to James Waldegrave, a British diplomat, in 1713. In this letter, Waldegrave provides a minimax mixed strategy solution to a two-person version of the card game le Her, and the problem is now known as Waldegrave problem. In his 1838 Recherches sur les principes mathématiques de la théorie des richesses (Researches into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth), Antoine Augustin Cournot considered a duopoly and presents a solution that is the Nash equilibrium of the considered game.", "title": "Game theory" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "French cooperation was deemed necessary to the campaign, and Eisenhower encountered a \"preposterous situation\" with the multiple rival factions in France. His primary objective was to move forces successfully into Tunisia, and intending to facilitate that objective, he gave his support to François Darlan as High Commissioner in North Africa, despite Darlan's previous high offices of state in Vichy France and his continued role as commander-in-chief of the French armed forces. The Allied leaders were \"thunderstruck\" by this from a political standpoint, though none of them had offered Eisenhower guidance with the problem in the course of planning the operation. Eisenhower was severely criticized for the move. Darlan was assassinated on December 24 by Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle. Eisenhower did not take action to prevent the arrest and extrajudicial execution of Bonnier de La Chapelle by associates of Darlan acting without authority from either Vichy or the Allies, considering it a criminal rather than a military matter. Eisenhower later appointed General Henri Giraud as High Commissioner, who had been installed by the Allies as Darlan's commander-in-chief, and who had refused to postpone the execution.", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "WHKP is a radio station broadcasting at 1450 on the AM dial in Hendersonville, North Carolina. The call letters stand for Where the Heavens Kiss the Peaks.", "title": "WHKP" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Kerry is a Roman Catholic, and is said to carry a religious rosary, a prayer book, and a St. Christopher medal (the patron saint of travelers) when he campaigned. While Kerry is personally against abortion, he supports a woman's legal right to have one. Discussing his faith, Kerry said, \"I thought of being a priest. I was very religious while at school in Switzerland. I was an altar boy and prayed all the time. I was very centered around the Mass and the church.\" He also said that the Letters of Paul (Apostle Paul) moved him the most, stating that they taught him to \"not feel sorry for myself.\"", "title": "John Kerry" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Cyberia is a book by Douglas Rushkoff, published in 1994. The book discusses many different ideas revolving around technology, drugs and subcultures. Rushkoff takes a Tom Wolfe \"Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test\" style (or \"roman à clef\"), as he actively becomes a part of the people and culture that he is writing about. The book goes with Rushkoff as he discusses topics ranging from online culture, the concept of a global brain as put forth in Gaia theory, and Neoshamanism.", "title": "Cyberia (book)" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "In the general election, against the advice of his advisors, Eisenhower insisted on campaigning in the South, refusing to surrender the region to the Democratic Party. The campaign strategy, dubbed \"K1C2\", was to focus on attacking the Truman and Roosevelt administrations on three issues: Korea, Communism and corruption. In an effort to accommodate the right, he stressed that the liberation of Eastern Europe should be by peaceful means only; he also distanced himself from his former boss President Truman.", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Eisenhowers had two sons. Doud Dwight \"Icky\" Eisenhower was born September 24, 1917, and died of scarlet fever on January 2, 1921, at the age of three; Eisenhower was mostly reticent to discuss his death. Their second son, John Eisenhower (1922–2013), was born in Denver Colorado. John served in the United States Army, retired as a brigadier general, became an author and served as U.S. Ambassador to Belgium from 1969 to 1971. Coincidentally, John graduated from West Point on D-Day, June 6, 1944. He married Barbara Jean Thompson on June 10, 1947. John and Barbara had four children: David, Barbara Ann, Susan Elaine and Mary Jean. David, after whom Camp David is named, married Richard Nixon's daughter Julie in 1968. John died on December 21, 2013.", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Due to a complete estrangement between the two as a result of campaigning, Truman and Eisenhower had minimal discussions about the transition of administrations. After selecting his budget director, Joseph M. Dodge, Eisenhower asked Herbert Brownell and Lucius Clay to make recommendations for his cabinet appointments. He accepted their recommendations without exception; they included John Foster Dulles and George M. Humphrey with whom he developed his closest relationships, and one woman, Oveta Culp Hobby. Eisenhower's cabinet, consisting of several corporate executives and one labor leader, was dubbed by one journalist, \"Eight millionaires and a plumber.\" The cabinet was notable for its lack of personal friends, office seekers, or experienced government administrators. He also upgraded the role of the National Security Council in planning all phases of the Cold War.", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 7 January 2009, The Sun ran an exclusive front page story claiming that participants in a discussion on Ummah.com, a British Muslim internet forum, had made a \"hate hit list\" of British Jews to be targeted by extremists over the Gaza War. It was claimed that \"Those listed [on the forum] should treat it very seriously. Expect a hate campaign and intimidation by 20 or 30 thugs.\" The UK magazine Private Eye claimed that Glen Jenvey, a man quoted by The Sun as a terrorism expert, who had been posting to the forum under the pseudonym \"Abuislam\", was the only forum member promoting a hate campaign while other members promoted peaceful advocacy, such as writing 'polite letters'. The story has since been removed from The Sun's website following complaints to the UK's Press Complaints Commission.", "title": "The Sun (United Kingdom)" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "On 7 April 1963, the country changed its official name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Reforms encouraged private enterprise and greatly relaxed restrictions on freedom of speech and religious expression. Tito subsequently went on a tour of the Americas. In Chile, two government ministers resigned over his visit to that country. In the autumn of 1960 Tito met President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the United Nations General Assembly meeting. Tito and Eisenhower discussed a range of issues from arms control to economic development. When Eisenhower remarked that Yugoslavia's neutralism was \"neutral on his side\", Tito replied that neutralism did not imply passivity but meant \"not taking sides\".", "title": "Josip Broz Tito" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Xarabank is a prime time talk show produced by Where's Everybody that airs every Friday on the Maltese national television station TVM. The show is presented by Peppi Azzopardi and Mark Laurence Zammit. Various topics are discussed, from politics to hobbies.", "title": "Xarabank" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Godwin's law (or Godwin's rule of Hitler analogies) is an Internet adage asserting that \"As an online discussion grows longer, the probability of a comparison involving Nazis or Hitler approaches 1\"; that is, if an online discussion (regardless of topic or scope) goes on long enough, sooner or later someone will compare someone or something to Adolf Hitler or his deeds, the point at which effectively the discussion or thread often ends. Promulgated by the American attorney and author Mike Godwin in 1990, Godwin's law originally referred specifically to Usenet newsgroup discussions. It is now applied to any threaded online discussion, such as Internet forums, chat rooms, and comment threads, as well as to speeches, articles, and other rhetoric where \"reductio ad Hitlerum\" occurs.", "title": "Godwin's law" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO / ˈneɪtoʊ /; French: Organisation du Traité de l'Atlantique Nord; OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between several North American and European states based on the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949.", "title": "NATO" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Eisenhower's stint as the president of Columbia University was punctuated by his activity within the Council on Foreign Relations, a study group he led as president concerning the political and military implications of the Marshall Plan, and The American Assembly, Eisenhower's \"vision of a great cultural center where business, professional and governmental leaders could meet from time to time to discuss and reach conclusions concerning problems of a social and political nature\". His biographer Blanche Wiesen Cook suggested that this period served as \"the political education of General Eisenhower\", since he had to prioritize wide-ranging educational, administrative, and financial demands for the university. Through his involvement in the Council on Foreign Relations, he also gained exposure to economic analysis, which would become the bedrock of his understanding in economic policy. \"Whatever General Eisenhower knows about economics, he has learned at the study group meetings,\" one Aid to Europe member claimed.", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The Virginia Environmental Law Journal is a law review edited by students at the University of Virginia School of Law. The journal covers research and discussion in the areas of environmental and natural resource law, on a broad array of topics from environmental justice to corporate liability. The Journal is perennially ranked among the top five environmental law journals in the country.", "title": "Virginia Environmental Law Journal" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "The 1960 Four Power Paris Summit between President Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev, Harold Macmillan and Charles de Gaulle collapsed because of the incident. Eisenhower refused to accede to Khrushchev's demands that he apologize. Therefore, Khrushchev would not take part in the summit. Up until this event, Eisenhower felt he had been making progress towards better relations with the Soviet Union. Nuclear arms reduction and Berlin were to have been discussed at the summit. Eisenhower stated it had all been ruined because of that \"stupid U-2 business\".", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "President Truman, symbolizing a broad-based desire for an Eisenhower candidacy for president, again in 1951 pressed him to run for the office as a Democrat. It was at this time that Eisenhower voiced his disagreements with the Democratic party and declared himself and his family to be Republicans. A \"Draft Eisenhower\" movement in the Republican Party persuaded him to declare his candidacy in the 1952 presidential election to counter the candidacy of non-interventionist Senator Robert A. Taft. The effort was a long struggle; Eisenhower had to be convinced that political circumstances had created a genuine duty for him to offer himself as a candidate, and that there was a mandate from the populace for him to be their President. Henry Cabot Lodge, who served as his campaign manager, and others succeeded in convincing him, and in June 1952 he resigned his command at NATO to campaign full-time. Eisenhower defeated Taft for the nomination, having won critical delegate votes from Texas. Eisenhower's campaign was noted for the simple but effective slogan, \"I Like Ike\". It was essential to his success that Eisenhower express opposition to Roosevelt's policy at Yalta and against Truman's policies in Korea and China—matters in which he had once participated. In defeating Taft for the nomination, it became necessary for Eisenhower to appease the right wing Old Guard of the Republican Party; his selection of Richard M. Nixon as the Vice-President on the ticket was designed in part for that purpose. Nixon also provided a strong anti-communist presence as well as some youth to counter Ike's more advanced age.", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Two controversies during the campaign tested him and his staff, but did not affect the campaign. One involved a report that Nixon had improperly received funds from a secret trust. Nixon spoke out adroitly to avoid potential damage, but the matter permanently alienated the two candidates. The second issue centered on Eisenhower's relented decision to confront the controversial methods of Joseph McCarthy on his home turf in a Wisconsin appearance. Just two weeks prior to the election, Eisenhower vowed to go to Korea and end the war there. He promised to maintain a strong commitment against Communism while avoiding the topic of NATO; finally, he stressed a corruption-free, frugal administration at home.", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Operation Torch also served as a valuable training ground for Eisenhower's combat command skills; during the initial phase of Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel's move into the Kasserine Pass, Eisenhower created some confusion in the ranks by some interference with the execution of battle plans by his subordinates. He also was initially indecisive in his removal of Lloyd Fredendall, commanding U.S. II Corps. He became more adroit in such matters in later campaigns. In February 1943, his authority was extended as commander of AFHQ across the Mediterranean basin to include the British Eighth Army, commanded by General Sir Bernard Montgomery. The Eighth Army had advanced across the Western Desert from the east and was ready for the start of the Tunisia Campaign. Eisenhower gained his fourth star and gave up command of ETOUSA to become commander of NATOUSA.", "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "ACS Macro Letters is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society. , \"ACS Macro Letters\" has the highest impact factor of any journal in the field of polymer science (6.131). With the launch of \"ACS Macro Letters\", all Communications to the Editor that were formerly published in \"Macromolecules\" will be published as Letters in \"ACS Macro Letters\". Researchers are advised turn to \"ACS Macro Letters\" for reports of early, urgent results in polymer science and to \"Macromolecules\" for more detailed discussions of comprehensive research findings.", "title": "ACS Macro Letters" } ]

[ "NATO", "North Atlantic Alliance" ]

[ { "answer": "Nanjing", "id": 7855, "paragraph_support_idx": 2, "question": "What city is considered to be a place that is popular with tourists?" }, { "answer": "8.005 million", "id": 7794, "paragraph_support_idx": 11, "question": "What was the population of #1 in 2010?" } ]

[ { "idx": 0, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Camdenton is a city in Camden County, Missouri, United States. The population was 3,718 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Camden County. The city is enveloped by the Lower Niangua arm of the Lake of the Ozarks and serves as a popular trade point for visitors to the area.", "title": "Camdenton, Missouri" }, { "idx": 1, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming houses, had sprung up all over town. The United States Hotel took up a full city block between Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues. These hotels were not only impressive in size, but featured the most updated amenities, and were considered quite luxurious for their time.", "title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey" }, { "idx": 2, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "Instead, Nanjing, as a popular tourist destination, hosts a series of government-organised events throughout the year. The annual International Plum Blossom Festival held in Plum Blossom Hill, the largest plum collection in China, attracts thousands of tourists both domestically and internationally. Other events include Nanjing Baima Peach Blossom and Kite Festival, Jiangxin Zhou Fruit Festival and Linggu Temple Sweet Osmanthus Festival.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 3, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Esperance is a census-designated place (CDP) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. Esperance is an enclave of the city of Edmonds, WA. The population was 3,601 at the 2010 census.", "title": "Esperance, Washington" }, { "idx": 4, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Oklahoma is a census-designated place located in Sandy Township, Clearfield County, in the state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census the population was 782. It is bordered to the northwest by the city of DuBois.", "title": "Oklahoma, Clearfield County, Pennsylvania" }, { "idx": 5, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Olympian Village is a city in Jefferson County, Missouri, United States. The population was 774 at the 2010 census. The city was named in honor of Greek myth and culture. Some street names include Parthenon Drive, Kronos Drive, Hercules Place, Plato Place and Pheidippides Place.", "title": "Olympian Village, Missouri" }, { "idx": 6, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "During the summer months the population and activity of the town flourishes as boaters and tourists from around Ontario and the Great Lakes regions flock to the area. The areas surrounding Gore Bay are quickly becoming popular with cottagers and vacationers during the summer months.", "title": "Gore Bay, Ontario" }, { "idx": 7, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Horní Bečva is a village in Vsetín District, Zlín Region, Czech Republic. It is a typical highland village with the altitude of 505 m nestled in the heart of Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain range. The population of the village is 2,460 (2018). It is a popular tourist destination with great possibilities for hiking, mountain biking and cross country skiing. Horní Bečva is the biggest village from the three Bečva villages. It is a popular tourist destination, with many weekend cottages. The river Rožnovská Bečva flows through the village.", "title": "Horní Bečva" }, { "idx": 8, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "North Omak is a census-designated place (CDP) in Okanogan County, Washington, United States, north of Omak, Washington. The community is considered to be part of Greater Omak, and had a population of 688 at the 2010 census.", "title": "North Omak, Washington" }, { "idx": 9, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Hotels in Toronto have been some of the most prominent buildings in the city and the hotel industry is one of the city's most important. The Greater Toronto Area has 183 hotels with a total of almost 36,000 rooms. In 2010, there were 8.9 million room nights sold. Toronto is a popular tourist destination, with it having the 6th highest room occupancy rate in North America, but about two thirds of rooms are taken by commercial, government, or convention travellers.", "title": "Hotels in Toronto" }, { "idx": 10, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lighthouse Point Park, a public beach run by the city, was a popular tourist destination during the Roaring Twenties, attracting luminaries of the period such as Babe Ruth and Ty Cobb. The park remains popular among New Haveners, and is home to the Five Mile Point Lighthouse, constructed in 1847, and the Lighthouse Point Carousel, constructed in 1916. Five Mile Point Light was decommissioned in 1877 following the construction of Southwest Ledge Light at the entrance of the harbor, which remains in service to this day. Both of the lighthouses and the carousel are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.", "title": "New Haven, Connecticut" }, { "idx": 11, "is_supporting": true, "paragraph_text": "According to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The sex ratio of the city population was 107.31 males to 100 females.", "title": "Nanjing" }, { "idx": 12, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Finley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Benton County, Washington, United States. The population was 6,012 at the 2010 census. It is located to the southeast of the larger city of Kennewick.", "title": "Finley, Washington" }, { "idx": 13, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Bayview (also, Bay View) is a census-designated place (CDP) located adjacent to the City of Eureka in Humboldt County, California, United States. The population was 2,510 at the 2010 census, up from 2,359 at the 2000 census. Many locals consider this area as part of \"Pine Hill.\"", "title": "Bayview, Humboldt County, California" }, { "idx": 14, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Village of Four Seasons is a village in Camden County, Missouri, United States. The population was 2,217 at the 2010 census. The village is situated on the shores of Lake of the Ozarks and is a popular tourist destination along with the other communities in the area.", "title": "Village of Four Seasons, Missouri" }, { "idx": 15, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "College Place is a city in Walla Walla County, Washington, United States next to Walla Walla, Washington. The population was 8,765 at the time of the 2010 census.", "title": "College Place, Washington" }, { "idx": 16, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Jacksonville is the largest city by population in the U.S. state of Florida, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. It is the county seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968. Consolidation gave Jacksonville its great size and placed most of its metropolitan population within the city limits; with an estimated population of 853,382 in 2014, it is the most populous city proper in Florida and the Southeast, and the 12th most populous in the United States. Jacksonville is the principal city in the Jacksonville metropolitan area, with a population of 1,345,596 in 2010.", "title": "Jacksonville, Florida" }, { "idx": 17, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Zilwaukee is a city in Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The 2010 Census places the population at 1,658. The city is adjacent to and was created from Zilwaukee Township. It is the home of the Zilwaukee Bridge.", "title": "Zilwaukee, Michigan" }, { "idx": 18, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Mulino, Oregon is a hamlet and census-designated place (CDP) located in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States, on Oregon Route 213 between the cities of Oregon City and Molalla. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 2,103.", "title": "Mulino, Oregon" }, { "idx": 19, "is_supporting": false, "paragraph_text": "Lockridge is a city in Jefferson County, Iowa, United States. The population was 268 at the 2010 census. Lockridge was one of the communities considered for the county seat in 1839, but lost out to Fairfield, Iowa.", "title": "Lockridge, Iowa" } ]

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