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The Department of Human Anatomy is concerned with the teaching of - The structure of human body - The functions of bodily parts - Disease processes that ravage structure & function - Means for preventing or treating disease. The department is equipped with microscope, models, slides, cadavers, organs and specimens. Embalming room is also attached with the dissection room for embalming the cadavers. The fostering and nurturing of core medical studies during the first year has been an important aspect of this department. Physiology is one of the important subjects of all medical branches. Physiology is the “science of functions of living ‘systems”. To ensure a proper foundation for the future doctors, the department is well equipped with all the necessary equipment required for the students of I Year. During academic year Lectures, Practical, Tutorials, Lecture cum Demonstrations and Quiz are arranged for the students. This helps for providing personal attention to the students. Department of Biochemistry renders a thorough theoretical & practical knowledge of biomolecules, biochemical techniques & analysis of various biochemical parameters. Students are also taught about importance of Biochemistry, biochemical reactions & metabolism in the body and also about its normal and abnormal functioning. Pathology & Microbiology The department provides importance of pathological facilities for the treatment in the various departments. Microbiology is very important for the Physiotherapy students, in order to diagnose microbial infections which are intimately related to overall treatment plan for the patients. The department has all necessary infrastructure including specimens and machines for understanding basics of pathology to students and for preliminary diagnosis. Pharmacology is the science of drugs that produce therapeutically useful effects which are given to prevent, diagnose or cure disease processes. The department consist of well-equipped pharmacy laboratory which can accommodate 50 students at a time for practical of clinical importance. The department is well equipped with various pharmaceutical apparatus that helps the students to learn the art of preparing and dispensing drugs for the use by the patients.

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|Himalayan Pine 'Zebrina' has yellow and blue-green needles.| |Euonymus fortunei 'Moonshadow'| Commonly known as Japanese Laurel or Gold Dust Plant, Aucuba is a slightly rounded, evergreen shrub originally from Asia. It grows easily in Zones 7 to 10 and will survive, if not prosper, further north. I’ve always loved the tropical quality of Aucubas with their large glossy green leaves that seem to be splattered with golden yellow paint. But there are varieties with almost solid green foliage. All are cultivars of Aucuba japonica, which produce miniscule purple flowers. Female plants will also yield clusters of small red berries if a male plant is grown nearby. Aucuba definitely prefers lightly shaded, protected spots in the yard. Too much sun or winter wind can weaken specimens, leaving them susceptible to fungal diseases and nematodes. Aucuba responds well to pruning, so just cut back any damaged foliage and shape the shrub in the spring. Don’t over-fertilize, over-mulch or add too much organic matter to the soil when planting. Aucuba actually thrives as an understory or foundation plant in urban and seaside gardens and, once established, is drought-tolerant. Most Aucubas eventually reach about 7’ tall by 5’ wide in Central Virginia. This beautiful Aucuba inspired me to seek out other examples of green and gold brightening our landscapes right now, and I found… an absolutely perfect Winter Daphne or Daphne odora. |The dark rose-pink buds open into much softer pink blossoms.| Daphne includes several species of small, rounded shrubs, mostly native to Asia and Europe. Daphne odora is known for its dark pink buds that blossom into amazingly scented, pinkish-white flowers, at the end of winter. I’ve never grown Daphne odora myself, because I really don’t have a good spot for it. It definitely needs partial shade; something that mimics an open woodland with very little root competition; well-drained, fertile soil and regular moisture. It also grows fairly slowly and struggles

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|Himalayan Pine 'Zebrina' has yellow and blue-green need [...] if transplanted. Difficult, I know. ‘Aureomarginata’ is supposed to be less temperamental. And it’s so very sweet, both in appearance and fragrance, that I am tempted to try growing it in an enormous planter surrounded by Hellebores and Cyclamen. Perhaps near my basement door where it would be shadowed by the house and I could enjoy it every day. I also discovered these stunning variegated Boxwood or Buxus sempervirens. This particular cultivar is called ‘Aureovariegata’ for its dark green leaves edged in pale yellow. I know some gardeners have a love-hate relationship with Boxwood. But I am fan. Boxwood bring back memories of childhood visits to old Colonial gardens... the play of light and shadows, the musky scent, the sound of crushed oyster or pebble paths. Boxwood come in a wide range of luxurious green foliage, which bestow a sort of visual calm in any landscape. Variegated cultivars provide subtle excitement. Buxus sempervirens, also known as Common or American Boxwood, performs best in partial shade in Zones 6 to 8. (Mine grow in direct, morning sun, which means they bronze a lot in the winter.) It prefers a slightly sweet, neutral soil, pH of 6.5 to 7.2, and its shallow roots don’t like to be over-mulched or over-watered. Like all Boxwood, ‘Aureovariegata’ is evergreen and does flower in spring with the tiniest yellow-green stars. It is slow-growing and responds well to shearing, but ‘Aureovariegata’ can eventually reach 8’ tall by 6’ wide. These particular shrubs have been shaped into rather fat pyramids. Gorgeous! Luckily, we live close to one of the best Boxwood growers in the East. Saunders Brothers is a third-generation family business that supplies shrubs, fruit and ornamental trees, perennials and annuals to nurseries and landscapers throughout the Mid-Atlantic. They initiated and coordinate The National Boxwood Tri

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|Himalayan Pine 'Zebrina' has yellow and blue-green need [...] als to assess Boxwood performance in various habitats throughout much of the U.S. and even in other parts of the world. You can view the 2011 Report on their website, which is a great resource for anyone who currently grows or wants to grow Boxwood. Saunders Wholesale Nursery is open to the public three times a year. And they maintain a retail Farm Market from spring to autumn. If you don’t have room for Buxus sempervirens ‘Aureovariegata’, the Saunders family recommends B. sempervirens ‘Elegantissima’, which is beautifully variegated but remains only about 2’ round. A much smaller example of green and gold is Acorus gramineus ‘Ogon’.Commonly called Sweet Flag or Japanese Rush, Acorus gramineus is an ornamental grass native to Asia. ‘Ogon’ is literally striped bright green and yellow and its foliage remains evergreen in Zones 5 to 11. The colors are especially vivid on new growth. Sweet Flag loves moisture, light shade and organically-rich, almost-muddy soil, so I’ve planted it around one of my rain barrels where it can regularly catch overflow. But several books recommend adding Acorus to mixed container gardens. And I’ve transplanted rhizome divisions to much drier parts of the yard… still softly-shaded, but much, much drier. I just water these younger plants by hand during the hottest part of the summer. Acorus sends up citrusy-yellow flower spikes, or spadices, in summer. These spikes are nestled among the strappy leaves, unlike well-known plants, such as Jack-in-the-Pulpit and Peace Lily, which protect each spadix with a curved spathe or hood. Acorus grows about 10” tall and will continue to spread if happy. And finally, I found a Hamamelis, or Witch Hazel, and Cornus mas, or Cornelian Cherry, in full bloom. To be honest, I’m not sure if this Witch Hazel is Hamamelis virginiana

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|Himalayan Pine 'Zebrina' has yellow and blue-green need [...] or H. mollis.Both species are large deciduous shrubs with open branching, essentially understory trees, that grow well in partial to full sun, in Zones 5 to 8. Each could eventually reach 20’ tall and 15’ wide. Witch Hazels are famous for their spicily-aromatic blossoms that look a little like clusters of ribbon or funny mop-heads and bloom in late winter. Depending on the cultivar, flowers range in color from yellow to peachy-pumpkin to brick red. |Hamamelis x intermedia 'Diana'| Cornelian Cherries are related to our native Dogwoods but originate from Europe and Western Asia. They develop into large, upright shrubs, either grown with multiple stems or trained to a single stem… a small ornamental tree, really, that can reach 25’ tall and 15’ wide. They enjoy sun to partial shade in Zones 4 to 8, and both the plant and its blossoms are exceptionally hardy, hence the mas part of the botanical name.Cornus mas provides so much pleasure. It is one of the earliest bloomers in the garden. The tiny trumpet flowers cluster on bare branches, rather like old-fashioned chenille pom-poms, and are more primrose in color than those of Hamamelis. Its summer cherries mimic small, red coffee beans and are delicious cooked in desserts or preserves… if you can get to them before the birds and squirrels. It comes into leaf early, and foliage remains green well into the fall, before turning a muted, purple-red. Some cultivars even have variegated foliage. And its grayish, exfoliating bark creates a lovely winter silhouette. Perfect, right? The main problem for me is that Cornus mas and all Hamamelis require space I just don’t have. In my small city plot, I contend with close power lines, adjoining houses and municipal right-of-ways and these shrubs would never reach their full potential. But imagine them in a suburban garden with a backdrop

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Philosophy short essays Philosophy Essay at Custom essay These are excerpts of philosophy essays provided by wwwBestEssayscom Doubt the quality of our service. Tips On How To Write Philosophy Essays Broadly there are two aspects to writing a philosophy essay: exposition, which is describing what authors have to. Kafka Evening The Castle (1926) Franz Kafka's novels were not published during his lifetime and his final book The Castle was never completed, ending in. Philosophy essay This tutorial contains information about essay writing based on materials from the first-year Philosophy subject, Introduction to Philosophy. Philosophy Skincare Ad Free Shipping On All Orders Save On Philosophy Skincare at Belk Philosophy Essay - Samples & Examples To many of us, the idea of a. Three Stages of Writing 1 Early Stages The early stages of writing a philosophy paper include everything you do before you sit down and write your first. Philosophy short essays Free Philosophy papers, essays, and research papers These results are sorted by most relevant first (ranked search) You may also sort these by color. My Life Philosophy Essay Below is an essay on My Life Philosophy from Anti Essays Short Speech On Leadership High Quality Thesis Writing. Pathways (programs) Pathways to Philosophy writing a philosophy essay In this piece you will find some hints on how to get started in writing a philosophy. The essay is a short In the dialectic form of essay, which is commonly used in philosophy Gray notes that just like written essays, essay. Philosophy Essay Questions A collection of free philosophy essay questions to aid you in creating your own. Writing Philosophy Essays How does one go about writing philosophy essays? Some of you may already have received, in other classes, detailed. -- Search for Books in Philosophy ---- Writing Resources--| Writing Philosophy | Calls For Papers | Writing Papers for Class | Admissions Essays. Philosophy is currently inviting people to participate in the There are currently only a few critical articles and essays in the Philosophy. LARGEST Free Philosophy Essays Database: Over 180,000 Philosophy Essays, Philosophy Term Papers, Philosophy Research Paper, Book Reports 184 990 ESSAYS. Welcome to 1000-Word Philosophy, an

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Each student is required to prepare a paper that deals with how the media covers world events. The paper is to be composed on a word processor so that rewriting, if necessary, can be undertaken without too much inconvenience. You alone must research and write the paper. Joint research is not permitted and copying someone else’s work is regarded as plagiarism, a major academic offense punishable by a zero on the assignment and no opportunity to re-write. Papers are to be written in grammatically correct English, approximately 2500 words in length, double spaced. You may use tables and charts if this helps you to present your findings more clearly. I will check for spelling and grammar, so take the trouble to proof read and spell check the paper. Each student is required to devote a week (5 business days [M-T-W-T-F], not 7) to the news. Choose one non-cable network (i.e. nationwide) television news program and watch it for a week — only NBC, ABC or CBS (not CNN or MTV or other cable networks, and certainly not local Cleveland news). Take lots of notes for later reference. Also you must read the Cleveland Plain Dealer and the New York Times for those same 5 days. Those papers are available for use at the Kent Smith Library in case you feel that the costs are prohibitive. I have no objection if students wish to share newspapers. You may also tape the broadcasts and share them with other students as well. Why not put together a consortium of students in order to make sure that you get all the broadcasts that you need? Focus exclusively on international/global/foreign news coverage in the news, business and editorial sections of each medium. If you sense that you may have problems getting access to any of these materials (TV or newspapers), you are obligated to consult with the Professor in advance of the assignment — far enough in advance that alternate arrangements can be made. Then write a paper comparing those three sources of news in terms of: — the volume of news devoted to international relations (in the aggregate and in relation to other news, i.e., local, national) — the degree of detail each medium has — the sources of the news (that is, who supplies them with coverage?) — the selection of the news items that are included by the media (why

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The other lung was infected and they had switched to yet another antibiotic. His footsteps made no sounds, and the infected humans staggering through the streets walked through him. The so-called "pure" acid is applied to infected living tissues, especially to tuberculous sinuses or wounds, after scraping them, in order to destroy any part of the tuberculous material still remaining. Some very curious details are observable in these cases of malformation, For instance, the Aecidium eta/mum first referred to causes the new shoots to differ in direction, duration and arrangement, and even shape of foliage leaves from the normal; and the shoots of Euphorbia infected with the aecidia of Uromyces Pisi depart so much from the normal in appearance that the attacked plants have been taken for a different species. Some wound in the succulent tissues has become infected by the organisms referred to, and their continued action prevents healing. 10-26 (J), but had also become tainted and corrupted by centuries of Canaanite influence and practice which especially infected the cult of the high places. The political leaders were far more conscious than either Vienna or Budapest of the volcanic state of public opinion: but when in genuine alarm and from a sense of impotence they attempted to restrain their followers, the only result was a loss of influence over the younger generation, which had become increasingly infected by revolutionary ideas. They are due to a peculiar development of the eggs of the tape-worm of the dog, which have been received into the alimentary canal with infected water or uncooked vegetables, such as watercress. In addition, images engraved in walls of what appear to be people infected with polio are found in Egypt dating back to at least 1400 BC. A practitioner took a scab from someone with a mild case, made an incision in the skin of a healthy person, and infected that person with the scab. They infected the animals in the town with the vamp disease. Infected by the terror in his voice, she sat up and flipped on the light. In short, the country was already thoroughly democratic in spirit, while Federalism stood for obsolescent social ideas and was infected with political "Toryism" fatally against the times. In the tropics

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The other lung was infected and they had switched to yet another antibiotic. His footsteps [...] "no European house should be located nearer to a native village than half a mile" (Manson), and, since children are almost universally infected, "the presence of young natives in the house should be absolutely interdicted" (Manson). Recent reports also show us how much may be done in infected districts. It could be carried out where the infected persons are few, by isolating and protecting them, but not where many are infected, as in native villages. Some persons are naturally absolutely immune (Celli), but this is rare; immunity is also sometimes acquired by infection, but as a rule persons once infected are more predisposed than others. Among the conspirators was one Jose Alves Maciel, who had just returned from France where he had met Thomas Jefferson and had become infected with French revolutionary ideas. The results have shown that, when a soil growing leguminous plants is infected with appropriate organisms, there is a development of the so-called leguminous nodules on the roots of the plants, and, coincidently, increased growth and gain of nitrogen." It is almost certain that more than half the zoologists of the British Islands for many years past have been infected with their love of the study of Gilbert White; and it can hardly be supposed that his influence will cease. The seed was saved and gave rise to a row of plants all of which grew healthily in an infected field, whereas 95% of ordinary Sea Island cotton plants from seed from a non-infected field planted alongside as a control were killed. No remedy is known for the disease, and cotton should not be planted on infected land for at least three or four years. The lust of unlawful gain had infected the Frankish blood, as it seems to have infected England during the Hundred Years' War; and in either case nemesis infallibly came. The Extreme Left was infected by the fanaticism of Kossuth, who condemned the compromise and refused to take the benefit of the amnesty, while the prelates and magnates who had originally opposed the compromise were now to be found by the side of Deal(and Andrassy. Wright and others, in recent work on opsonins, have shown that, by injecting dead cultures

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The other lung was infected and they had switched to yet another antibiotic. His footsteps [...] of the causal agent into subjects infected with the organism, there is produced in the body fluids a substance (opsonin) which apparently in favourable conditions unites with the living causal bacteria and so sensitizes them that they are readily taken up and destroyed by the phagocytic cells of tissues. Both were infected with the same dialectical subtlety, which was, from the nature of the subject, especially injurious to medicine. Is said to produce fully developed gonads, and if kept in aquaria with Tubifex, the number of infected worms steadily increases, a fact pointing to the whole cycle being passed through, without the intermediation of a vertebrate host. The Elasmobranchs swallow infected molluscs or fish; pike and trout devour smaller fry; birds pick up sticklebacks, insects and worms which contain Cestode larvae; and man lays himself open to infection by eating the uncooked or partially prepared flesh of many animals. Measly beef (that infected with the Cysticercus bovis) is easily recognized. In Berlin the proportion of cattle said to be found infected on inspection in 1893 was i in 672. The Florence streets rang with Lorenzo's ribald songs (the "canti carnascialeschi"); the smooth, cultured citizens were dead to all sense of religion or morality; and the spirit of the fashionable heathen philosophy had even infected the brotherhood of St Mark. " The symptoms of the disease, by means of which an infected spot may be readily recognized, are as follows: The vines are stunted and bear few leaves, and those small ones. If, however, the insect were content with this method of reproduction the disease could be isolated by surrounding the infected patches with a deep ditch full of some such substance as coal-tar, which would prevent the insects spreading on to the roots of healthy vines. One is to kill the phylloxera itself; another, to destroy it along with the infected vines, and plant fresh and healthy plants; the third, to adapt the secular therapeutics of nature, and to introduce American vines which a long

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The other lung was infected and they had switched to yet another antibiotic. His footsteps [...] acquaintance with the phylloxera has made immune of its ravages. Lugard little thought that in bringing these Sudanese, already (some of them) infected with the sleeping-sickness of the Congo forests, he was to introduce a disease which would kill off some 250,000 natives of Uganda in eight years. In many, perhaps in most, cases the general health of the infected animal seems to be unimpaired, even though the. In cases where the water supply is known to be infected, or even where it is merely doubtful, it is wise to have recourse to sterilization by boiling, rather than trust to any filter. In spite of this, the calculation was defeated; for in Europe every true democracy at once becomes national, and hence the national problem infected the working-classes so soon as they won parliamentary power; the " International " split up into national groups, just as the bourgeoisie had done before it. Very many of the common domestic mammals can be successfully infected (either thus accidentally or else on purpose) with different " pathogenic " Trypanosomes, to which they succumb more or less readily, but they cannot be regarded as the natural hosts of those Trypanosomes. In the first place experiment has shown that biting-flies, other in all probability than the true, natural hosts, may at times transmit the parasites - as it were - accidentally, if, after feeding on an infected animal, they are allowed to bite a fresh one within a limited time. These cysts are doubtless for dispersal by way of the anus, and the vertebrate host is in all likelihood infected by the mouth and alimentary canal. In other cases gall-stones set up irritation in the gall-bladder which runs on to inflammation, and the gall-bladder being infected by septic germs from the intestine (bacilli coli) an abscess forms. (21st of September) and gave him extreme unction; then raised a curious controversy as to whether Charles, in his last moments, had been infected with Lutheranism. In this connexion he established the very important practical conclusion that worm

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The other lung was infected and they had switched to yet another antibiotic. His footsteps [...] s which contract the disease during their own life-cycle retain sufficient vitality to feed, develop and spin their cocoon, although the next generation is invariably infected and shows the disease in its most virulent and fatal form. For special treatment towards the regeneration of an infected race, the most robust worms were to be selected, and the moths issuing from the cocoons were to be coupled in numbered cells, where the female was to be confined till she deposited her eggs. He contends that the task of his age was to struggle against the Catholic principle which had infected Protestant theology and the church. Were based on fact: but it is certain that this cunning politician was so far infected with Council of Pisa. Infected with the excitement of the American Civil War, he crossed the Atlantic in 1861 and enlisted in the Northern army, taking the name of Henri Le Caron. Transverse section through the epidermis of an infected plum. They were also infected by the growing spirit of anti-Semitism. Mahdism, however, spread over Darfur in spite of Slatins efforts to stay it He fought no fewer than twenty-seven actions in various parts of his province, but his own troops, in course of time, became infected with the new faith and deserted him. Infected children were removed to hospitals and the rest of the family was quarantined until they became noninfectious. Sometimes they became infected with other illnesses, and variolation seemed to start entirely new epidemics. Ouh! ouh! came peals of such healthy and good-humored laughter from the soldiers that it infected the French involuntarily, so much so that the only thing left to do seemed to be to unload the muskets, explode the ammunition, and all return home as quickly as possible. Pierre, however, felt excited, and the general desire to show that they were ready to go to all lengths--which found expression in the tones and looks more than in the substance of the speeches--infected him too. The horse's terror infected the men. The airborne bacteriainfectedall of the people on the trip. I need to

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The Summitville gold mine, located at ~3800 meters (12,800 ft) elevation in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado, was the focus of extensive public attention in 1992 and 1993 for environmental problems stemming from recent open-pit mining activities. Summitville catalyzed national debates about the environmental effects of modern mining activities, and became the focus of arguments for proposed revisions to the 1872 Mining Law governing mining activities on public lands. Aerial view of the Summitville Mine Gold was first discovered at Summitville in 1870. Significant gold production from underground workings occurred prior to 1900. In 1903, the Reynolds adit was driven to drain the underground workings and serve as an ore haulage tunnel. Production occurred sporadically through the 1950's. The district received some exploration attention in the 1970's as a copper prospect, but no mining for copper was pursued. Similar to many historic gold mining districts in the western United States, Summitville received renewed interest in the early 1980's due to technological advances that allow extraction of low-grade ores with cyanide heap leach techniques. In 1984, Summitville Consolidated Mining Company, Inc. (SCMCI), initiated open pit mining of gold ore from rocks surrounding the historic underground workings, where gold concentrations had been too low to be economic for the underground mining operations. Ore from the pit was crushed and placed on a heap leach pad overlying a protective liner. Cyanide solutions were sprinkled onto the heap and trickled down through the crushed ore, dissolving the gold. The processing solutions were then collected from the base of the heap leach pile, and the gold was chemically extracted from the solutions. Cyanide Leach Process Notes Suggested Reading: USGS Survey Bulletin 2220, Environmental Considerations of Active and Abandoned Mine Lands: Lessons from Summitville, Colorado. Aspen Times Article, 1996 In the San Luis Valley, cyanide and heavy metals from the Summitville mine disaster have killed fish and other aquatic life 17 miles downstream

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The Summitville gold mine, located at ~3800 meters (12,8 [...] . Farmers have reported water quality problems on land irrigated by the Alamosa River. Cleanup costs are over $85 million to date (already $25 million over the 1995 estimate) and are projected to reach $165 million by 1999. Who pays for this continual financial hemorrhage? Until now, the polluter pays -- the company responsible for dumping the toxic chemicals. That's the law under the existing federal Superfund law. But if the chemical and insurance industries and their allies in Congress, such as the mining industry, have their way, the law will change and states and communities around the country will get struck with these environmental and financial messes. Companies responsible for dumping their chemical waste all over America have resisted owning up to their financial liability, or the damage to the health and safety of citizens their dumping has caused. Rather than taking responsibility for the mess they created in the first place, big polluters and their insurers are lobbying Congress to let them off the hook. By having Congress weaken health protections and limit their liability, these wealthy corporations will successfully shift the costs, uncertainties and risks of cleaning up toxic-waste sites onto the backs of the American public. Bills to "reform" Superfund have been introduced by Congressman Michael Oxley(R-OH) and Senator Robert Smith(R-NH). Both proposals would achieve polluters' two major goals: gut the polluter pays principle of Superfund, and weaken the cleanup requirements at contaminated sites. Both bills would eliminate liability for entire classes of polluters, including many of the wealthiest corporations in America. While the federal budget is being slashed, at the expense of public health and environmental protections, the Oxley and Smith bills provide polluters with relief at the public's expense. It is no coincidence that a recent Citizen Action analysis of PAC contributions found that corporations which would benefit from gutting Superfund, including GE, Exxon and ASARCO, gave nearly $6.5 million to members of the House of Representatives during 1995. Now they expect to recoup their investment. Representatives Wayne Allard and Scott McInnis from

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The Summitville gold mine, located at ~3800 meters (12,8 [...] Colorado accepted $47,216 collectively from these PACs. This is especially troubling since Colorado has some 225 sites contaminated by hazardous substance, including 17 that are considered among the worst in the nation, including the Summitville mine poison pit. The House and Senate bills call for the use of the "most cost-effective" (cheapest) methods of cleaning up dumpsites. But in many instances what counts as a "cleanup" is simply preventing the public from using the land or drinking the water. Although that may be cost-effective for the polluters, it's a bad deal for the community. In many instances, a "cleanup" will mean simply fencing off a contaminated site and handing out bottled water to the nearby residents. In addition, the bills in Congress will make it difficult, if not impossible, for the public to recover for damages to natural resources like groundwater, wilderness, fish and wildlife, endangered species and oceans. This is a huge giveaway to a handful of chemical, oil, and mining companies who will save hundreds of millions of dollars avoiding environmental restoration. "Reforming" Superfund in these ways would send a clear message to the American public: What matters most to Congress is the wealth of the chemical, mining, and oil industries and their insurers, not the health of communities. It seems that the top legislative priority is to protect corporate profits rather than the property or drinking-water supplies of the millions of people unlucky enough to live near a Superfund site. The polluter lobby claims that the Superfund program has been too "costly," particularly because of lawyers' fees. This is little more than a carefully contrived smokescreen. In fact, the majority of legal costs incurred by complaining corporations have been from legal battles with their own insurance companies or other polluters over who should have to pay the cleanup bills. Sure, the Superfund program has its problems -- too much delay, not enough public participation -- but the solution is to streamline Superfund, not gut it. It should be easier for the polluters to pay for safe and effective cleanups, not harder. Representatives Allard and McInnis will help decide if these bailout bills for polluters

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What is the SRST? The South River Science Team was established in 2001 and began conducting studies to understand how mercury enters the South River and why mercury in South River and South Fork Shenandoah River fish continues to remain elevated some 60 years after it was used at the former DuPont facility in Waynesboro, Virginia. Through many local outreach activities, the SRST increases the awareness of the fish consumption advisories and communicates the findings from research and pilot project activities. Including a collaborative team of scientists representing DuPont; local, state and federal governments; the larger academic community in Virginia and local environmental groups, the SRST evaluates South River data, field activities, and proposals for future work – all with an eye toward identifying, managing and reducing risks to the public from mercury contamination. A listing of team members' roles and goals is below. Additionally, the SRST collaborates with nationally and internationally recognized experts in the field of mercury. These experts keep the team up to date on the most recent information and innovations pertaining to mercury in the environment, recommends issues to explore and provides feedback on proposed team activities. Experts names are listed below along with their affiliation. - David Hirschman is the Program Director at the Center for Watershed Protection in Charlottesville, Virginia. His expertise focuses on watershed issues, knowledge of local issues, and collaboration experiences with stakeholder groups. - William Clements is a professor at Colorado State University based in Fort Collins, Colorado. His expertise focuses on stream ecology and restoration as well as long-term monitoring. - Ralph Turner owns RT Geosciences, in Squamish, British Columbia, and specializes in the complexities of mercury contamination and the biogeochemistry of ecosystems. - Protect and enhance Virginia's environment - Promote the health and well-being of the citizens - Provide education, outreach, and participatory opportunities - Perform monitoring, assessment, and enforcement - Develop total maximum daily load limits for impaired waters - Implement Best Management Practices to improve water quality - Manage fish to obtain optimum populations to serve the needs of the Commonwealth - Work collaboratively with the regulated community and citizens - Ensure that consumption advisories are protective - Serve as a leader in safety, health

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What is the SRST? The South River Science Team was established in 2001 [...] , and the environment - Conduct business with respect and care for the environment - Realize that healthy businesses need healthy communities - Promote open discussion with stakeholders - Recognize the interdependence of social progress, economic success, and environmental excellence - Invest in science education and scientific research - Recognize the impact of manufacturing operations on the environment - Ensure compliance and enforcement - Perform inspection, monitoring, planning, pollution prevention, risk assessment, and education and outreach - Collaborate with state partners to achieve greater environmental results - Enhance environmentally responsible land use development - Create a culture of innovation that promotes original, inventive approaches to solving environmental problems - Rely on science and technology to evaluate risk, develop standards, and identify solutions - Determine the impact of contaminants on living resources - Prepare students to be educated and enlightened citizens - Nurture students who will take the lead in making legacy decisions - Encourage educational experiences through undergraduate research - Apply classroom learning to real-world situations - Make contacts to benefit future professional careers - Ensure that future generations inherit improved and protected streams, rivers, and estuaries across Virginia - Defend the quality of soil, air, woods, water, and wildlife - Find smart solutions that are good for the environment and the economy - Instill conservation ethics - Use a common-sense approach to conservation - Perform citizen-initiated water monitoring programs Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VADEQ) As a part of its commitment to protecting the environment and health of Virginia citizens, the VADEQ undertakes efforts to monitor mercury, understand the extent of mercury contamination and identify and evaluate alternatives that may potentially improve the mercury situation. One such effort is the VADEQ’s leadership of the South River Science Team. Additionally, the VADEQ administers a 100-year monitoring program that includes scheduled, routine collection of water, sediment, floodplain soil and fish samples for mercury analysis. For more information, visit www.deq.virginia.gov or email Don Kain. Virginia Department of Health Fishing in Virginia waters provides many benefits, including food and recreational enjoyment. Many fisher

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What is the SRST? The South River Science Team was established in 2001 [...] men keep, cook and eat the fish they catch. As a member of the South River Science Team, the VDH ensures that it achieves its mission, which is to protect and promote the health of Virginians. The VDH analyzes fish tissue sample results from the South River to ensure that the existing fish consumption advisories remain protective of human health. For more information, visit www.vdh.state.va.us or email Doug Larson. Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (VDGIF) The VDGIF is responsible for the management of inland fisheries, wildlife and recreational boating in Virginia. For the South River, the VDGIF works with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality to collect fish and monitor mercury levels and stocks portions of the river with brown and rainbow trout to provide recreational fishing. As a member of the South River Science Team, the VDGIF provides expertise and resources for the collection of biological samples. It also participates in outreach and educational activities to promote the vision of the South River Science Team and raise awareness of the importance of the watershed resources. For more information about the VDGIF, visit www.dgif.virginia.gov or email Paul Bugas. Between the years 1929 and 1950, DuPont operated an acetate fiber manufacturing facility in Waynesboro, Virginia, and used mercuric sulfate in the production process. As a result of the process and before the effects of mercury were understood, mercury was released to the South River during this period. The company’s involvement with determining the potential mercury impacts to the South River began in the mid-1970s and continued through the formation of the South River Science Team in 2001. DuPont no longer owns or operates the Waynesboro plant, but its dedication to finding solutions to the challenges associated with mercury in the South River continues with the participation of over a dozen DuPont scientists on Science Team efforts. For more information about DuPont, visit www.dupont.com or email Mike Liberati.

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Kerala before 1956 was a group of sovereigns. Read about the important kingdoms here. Before the formation of the state in 1956, Kerala had been divided into many sovereign kingdoms, small and large. These kingdoms had undergone various transformations over the years. Some of them disappeared in the course of history, while new ones formed, results of various battles and treaties. Read about the important ones of the former kingdoms in Kerala here.Thiruvithamkoor (Travencore) Travencore was one of the strongest kingdoms in Kerala history. Its history begins from the rule of Aye dynasty. It was then known as Ayvelnadu and later was called Venadu. In 9th century, Kollam was the capital of Venadu. The first known king of Venadu is Ayyanadi Thiruvadikal. Venadu later became to be known as Thiruvithamkoor. The founder of modern Thiruvithamkoor is Marthanda Varma. When India became independent, it joined in Indian Union and merged with Kochi to form Thiru-Kochi. The ancient Kochi was composed of modern districts of Ernakulam, Thrissur and Palakkad. From 12th century, Kochi was ruled by Perumbadappu Swaroopam. The founder of modern Kochi was Sakthan Thampuran. It was then called Kochazhi meaning 'Small port' and later was truncated to Kochi.Kozhikode Kozhikode was formed after the period of Chera dynasty. The rulers of the kingdom were known as Samoothiri (Zamorin). It was a short form of Eranadu Swami Nambiyathiri Tirumulppadu. The word Kozhikode originated from Koyilkotta, the name of Samoothiri's palace. Kozhikode was the first kingdom the Europeans reached in India. Samoothiri was the patron of Mamankam, a festival conducted on the banks of Bharathappuzha in 12 years. In 1800, Kozhikode became the part of Malabar under British rule.Kolathunadu It

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ADHD is the most common childhood psychiatric disorder, affecting behavior and daily functioning in 3 to 5 percent of school-aged children in the United States. Symptoms. Children may act quickly without thinking and interrupt others (impulsivity), fidget, have difficulty sitting still and staying on-task hyperactivity), or daydream and get easily sidetracked (inattention). Three types. ADHD is diagnosed as the hyperactive impulsive type (no significant inattention), inattentive type (no significant hyperactive impulsive behavior) or the combined type (both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms). Other disorders. Children with ADHD can suffer from other psychological disorders,including depression, learning disorders, impulse control disorders and autism spectrum disorders. Adults may suffer from substance abuse. Life-long management. ADHD is a chronic illness requiring long-term treatment strategies. Revealing the inner workings of the brain MIND researchers are using neuroimaging studies to better characterize abnormalities of brain function and circuitry associated with ADHD. Studies using functional neuroimaging (fMRI) in particular have revealed that the brains of people with ADHD are less efficient that those without the diagnosis. Brain imaging techniques also reveal that people with ADHD may use alternate brain regions and strategies to perform working memory tasks, such as a greater reliance on regions associated with visual and motor processing (e.g., visualizing a phone number in their head to remember it) than verbal strategies (e.g., repeating a phone number to oneself). Drug treatment improves behavior and cognitive performance but does not wholly “normalize” the brain. Exploring new treatment options Treatment usually includes: Behavioral therapy. Traditional approaches to parent behavior therapy and classroom management rely on consistently rewarding desirable behavior and removing rewards for inappropriate behavior. New studies of the brain are allowing MIND researchers to take behavioral therapy for ADHD to the next level. They hope to identify how to deliver rewards in ways that increase self-control and engage brain regions (e.g., prefrontal cortex) associated with stopping impulsive acts. To help children with ADHD succeed in the classroom, the MIND Institute team is committed to developing educational strategies that are consistent with the natural processing strategies of individuals with ADHD. Drug therapy. Stim

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John La Farge (1835 - 1910) Evil Spirit, c. 1898 Charcoal and pencil on paper 5 ľ x 2 ľ inches (sheet) Artistís chop mark seal in red at lower left John La Farge is best known for his innovations in stained glass design during the late 19th century, but he also worked in a variety of other media throughout his career. Born in New York in 1835, La Farge received his first artistic training at the age of six and learned to use watercolors while still in grammar school. At the age of twenty-four, after studying law for a time, La Farge went to Paris to study painting under Thomas Couture. While abroad, he discovered the work of the English Pre-Raphaelite painters Gabriel Dante Rossetti and John Everett Millais, whose idealized scenes and moralizing subjects he admired. La Farge returned to the United States in 1859 and settled in Newport, Rhode Island to begin his career as an artist. There, La Farge studied with American romantic painter William Morris Hunt. An artist of broad cultural interests, La Farge traveled widely, and every visit abroad became an occasion for artistic inspiration. In 1876 La Farge was commissioned to design the interior of Trinity Church in Boston, Massachusetts. These murals and stained glass designs were greatly admired, leading to a number of important commissions for public buildings, including St. Thomasís Church, New York (1878), the Church of the Ascension, New York (1888), as well as private commissions for prominent patrons, for example, Cornelius Vanderbilt. La Farge also worked in watercolor, using this medium to develop sketches for his murals and stained glass compositions. Among La Fargeís best-known watercolor paintings are those made during his travels, particularly those during his visit to the South Seas in 1890Ė1891. These watercolors were produced en plein air and are characterized by their exotic subjects, spontaneous brushwork, and delicately defined figures. Never completely liberating his artistic style from architecture, La Fargeís watercolor compositions are often frieze shaped and contain bold, jewel-like

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Canadian scientists say they have found a way to direct special bacteria to carry chemotherapy drugs straight into the most active part of a cancerous tumour. That could lead to more effective cancer treatments with lower doses of drugs and fewer side-effects. Chemotherapy drugs are designed to be highly toxic in order to kill fast-growing cancer cells. But currently, their effectiveness is limited because very little of traditional drugs actually makes it into cancerous tumours — most of it ends up in the rest of the patient's body, causing nasty side-effects, says Sylvain Martel, a professor of computer engineering at Polytechnique Montreal. Martel, who holds a Canada Research Chair in nanorobotics, has been working for 15 years on ways to direct drugs to a tumour. The solution he originally envisioned was using tiny robots — nanorobots — that humans could direct using magnetic fields to swim through blood vessels and deliver drugs to a particular location. Unfortunately, he said, "This is way beyond technology.… We cannot build this kind of nanorobot." Instinct and a helping hand So instead, Martel turned to nature — could there be bacteria that could do the same job? It turns out there are. Bacteria called magnetotactic cocci are equipped with a natural, built-in compass needle made of iron that helps them navigate as they swim through water using whip-like tails called flagella. That means they can be directed using a magnetic field. A strain called MC-1(T), originally found in a low-oxygen region of water in the Pettaquamscutt Estuary in Rhode Island, also naturally navigates toward areas of low oxygen. That's handy because the fastest-growing part of a tumour — the area that should be targeted by chemotherapy drugs — also tends to be low in oxygen, as the growing cells consume oxygen so quickly. That means when MC-1 bacteria are near a tumour, they'll naturally navigate toward the fastest-growing cancer cells — exactly where you might want it to deliver a load of drugs. "You target not just the tumour, but the strategic location in the tumour where you expect to have the maximum therapeutic effect," Martel said. "Their instinct is to want to go to this thing. We just help them … we give them enough freedom

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Canadian scientists say they have found a way to direct special bacteria to carry chemotherapy drugs straight into the [...] so they can swim around obstacles." But how can you get bacteria to carry things for you? By using microscopic "bags" called liposomes that chemotherapy drugs could be encapsulated in. Martel worked with collaborators at Polytechnique Montreal and McGill University to design a chemical "Velcro strap" for the bag designed to automatically stick to the coat on the outside of the bacteria. When they mixed bacteria with the drug-containing liposomes, about 70 liposomes stuck to each bacterium. 30-minute swim through a mouse The bacteria were then ready to test on mice with colorectal tumours. The drug-loaded bacteria were injected a few centimetres from the tumour. The researchers used weak magnetic fields to direct the bacteria to the tumour, then relied on the bacteria's low-oxygen navigation to bring them to the most active part of the tumour. The bacteria only live for about 30 minutes in a mammal's body, likely because it's too hot for them, Martel said. "They deliver the drug and they die." Fortunately, they swim very quickly — about 200 body lengths per second. That's about 10 times faster than most other bacteria, which allows them to get to the tumour fairly quickly, Martel said. Once the experiment was over, the researchers examined the tumour under a microscope. Special dyes allowed them to distinguish between the bacteria, the drugs and different regions of the tumour. They found that on average, about 55 per cent of the 100 million bacteria they injected into each mouse made it to the low-oxygen areas of the tumour, they reported in the journal Nature Nanoscience this week. While the study suggests this strategy could work, many further tests need to be done before the technology could be tested on human cancer patients. Because it was a proof-of-concept study, the researchers haven't yet analyzed the effect of the delivered drugs on the tumour. Nor do they know how the immune system of monkeys or humans would react to the bacterial injection. They are also working to refine the delivery system to get more bacteria into the

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ARCHIVED - USQUE AD MARE A History of the Canadian Coast Guard and Marine Services by Thomas E. Appleton This information has been archived because it is outdated and no longer relevant. Information identified as archived on the Web is for reference, research or recordkeeping purposes. It has not been altered or updated after the date of archiving. Web pages that are archived on the Web are not subject to the Government of Canada Web Standards. As per the Communications Policy of the Government of Canada, you can request alternate formats by contacting us. In the long catalogue of mans adventure on the sea, nothing has exceeded the hardihood of the Newfoundland seal hunters. Whatever be the merits of the current controversy surrounding sealing, time was when the existence of many families in Newfoundland depended on the exertions and courage of their men in pursuit of seals. In three months of ever present danger between March and June, thousands put to sea in sailing ships or low powered steamers, crowded together in wretched conditions, eager to hunt the rough ice fields north of Newfoundland as the seals came south to bear their young. The wooden walls of Newfoundland. The sealing fleet at the ice edge. (Pacific Archives) Sometimes men would walk a hundred miles or so from out ports and inland settlements, to be advanced a few dollars for an outfit from the owners of some vessel which, little bigger than a coaster, would fill 150 berths before leaving Conception Bay or the harbour of St. Johns for the ice edge called the front. These men had much at stake; leaving wife and family to keep house and hearth together in the bitter winds of winter and early spring, the gamble was to earn enough to tide them over, in the simplest necessities of life, until the inshore fishing or the prospects of a few brief months of summer work. The rewards, if lucky, might run to the modest wages of country life. All nursed a hope for better, though often the voyage would bring little more than would cover the advance. Some there were, every year, who never did come back. The masters of the sealing ships, shrewdest gamblers of them all, pitted their skill and courage and scanty savings in a business where none could lead who had not followed; in the art

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ARCHIVED - USQUE AD MARE A History of the Canadian Coast Guard and Marine [...] of handling wooden ships in northern seas and ice, they were supreme. Many Newfoundlanders played a part in the development of the eastern Arctic, not only as owners, masters and crew of the whalers and sealers which pushed the boundaries of the sea industry far beyond the borders of civilization, but also as we have seen, in ships such as the Neptune, chartered from Job Bros. of St. Johns, which introduced the administration of Canadian sovereignty in the North. In the western Arctic which, by reason of the vast distances and the tremendous pressure of polar ice in the Beaufort Sea and Arctic Ocean, was a tougher proposition, Canadian involvement began a decade later. It was left to Stefansson, greatest Canadian name in exploration, to fill this gap. Vilhjalmur Stefansson was born at Armes, Manitoba, in 1879 and became a Harvard anthropologist. By 1913, when he left on a Canadian government expedition which entailed the longest sojourn of white men living in the Arctic entirely from natural resources, Stefansson was the leading authority on the ethnology and anthropology of the North and had discovered Eskimo groups who had not seen a white man for half a century. A firm believer that men could live in relative sufficiency from seals as food and fuel, he engaged a Newfoundland sealing captain with a brilliant record in Arctic exploration, Captain Bob Bartlett, to command the ship from which he based his journey. Born at Brigus in Conception Bay, Robert Abram Bartlett came of a line of Arctic shipmasters and was brought up in the hard school of fishing and sealing before taking to the British merchant service as a career. In 1898, with a brand new masters ticket burning a hole in his pocket, he forsook the immediate chances of command to sign on as mate with his Uncle Sam, Captain S. W. Bartlett, then master of Peary's exploration ship Windward. Peary, who had previously attempted to reach the Pole by journeying across the Greenland ice-cap, was then commencing a period of arduous probing by ship as far as possible up the east coast

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ARCHIVED - USQUE AD MARE A History of the Canadian Coast Guard and Marine [...] of Ellesmere Island, from whence he proposed to commence sledging. Like Stefansson, Peary based his operations on Eskimo methods and had learned to support himself and his dogs on long foot journeys in very low temperatures. In this phase Bartlett remained a ships officer but, working with the indomitable Peary for four long years of hard endeavour, and soaking up an intensive knowledge of Eskimo habits, he became firmly committed to the lure of Arctic exploration and to service with the great American leader. Captain Robert A. Bartlett. This photograph was taken on board the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Bear after Captain Bartlett had completed his march of 700 miles in 37 days from the camp on Wrangel Island. In 1905, Captain Bartlett was appointed to command the Roosevelt, a vessel then specially fitting out for Peary, which continued the Polar survey without success until 1908 when the ship again sailed from New York on the voyage which would bring triumph. By this time Bartlett was not only master of the Roosevelt but a hardy and accomplished Arctic traveller who would play a great part, by sledging supplies to 87º 47 North, in Peary's victory in reaching the North Pole with Henson and his Eskimo hunters in 1909. For this achievement Captain Bartlett was awarded the Hubbard Medal of the National Geographic Society and became recognised internationally as an explorer. The Hubbard Medal, which has been awarded 23 times in 62 years, was established in honour of Gardiner Greene Hubbard, first president of the society. Originally presented to Peary in 1906, other winners were Amundsen, Byrd and the Lindbergh's and, in more recent times, astronaut John H. Glenn and the conquerors of Mount Everest, Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay. Lost in the ice 80 miles from Wrangel Island in the Canadian Arctic Expedition of 1913. In the Stefansson expedition of 1913, the object was to find out

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ARCHIVED - USQUE AD MARE A History of the Canadian Coast Guard and Marine [...] whether a new continent existed north of Alaska and the Beaufort Sea. The plan envisaged sailing north along the 141st meridian until land was discovered or progress was interrupted by ice. A base was then to be established with a view to surveying eastwards towards the southwest corner of Prince Patrick Island or, failing that, the west coast of Banks Island. As a secondary objective, the expedition would test certain theories on Arctic drift and current. Both these objectives were attained, although hardly along the lines projected, as Stefansson ultimately discovered new land and much was learned about ocean drift. The expedition had been financed originally by the National Geographic Society, but as the territory to be explored was wholly within the bounds of Canada, the Society relinquished its direction of the enterprise at the request of the Canadian government who placed it, for administrative purposes, under the Department of the Naval Service. The Naval Minister, the Hon. J. D. Hazen, was also the Minister of Marine and Fisheries. By the time that Captain Bob had accepted the command of Stefansson's ship, the vessel had been chosen and was fitting out in the Naval Dockyard at Esquimalt. Built at San Francisco as a carrier for the Alaska salmon fisheries in 1884, the Karluk was a wooden brigantine with a steam compound engine. Although she had been strengthened for service in ice, she was in no way equivalent to the wooden walls of Newfoundland to which Bartlett was accustomed and, with some inward reservations about his ship, the new captain took train for Ottawa and Victoria. Sailing from Esquimalt on June 17, 1913, the Karluk had on board a large and well equipped scientific staff, among them leading men of the day in their various specialties, some of whom were well experienced in the Arctic or Antarctic. Once through the Bering Straits the ship ran into ice sooner than had been expected and, by the middle of August, it was doubtful whether she would reach Herschell Island and certain that there would be no prospect of steaming northwards that year. On September 20 with the Karluk fast in the ice off the mouth of the Colville River, Ste

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ARCHIVED - USQUE AD MARE A History of the Canadian Coast Guard and Marine [...] fansson left the ship on foot with a shore party, the intention being to stock up with a supply of fresh caribou meat Stefansson's men never suffered from scurvy and to contact Eskimos who might wish to join the expedition as hunters. The leader expected to be away for ten days or so and left written orders for Bartlett in his absence. In fact it would be five years before Stefansson returned to civilization. Within a couple of days of this departure, strong easterly winds carried the Karluk, still fast in extensive ice fields, towards the west and, by the beginning of October, the vessel was off Point Barrow and drifting offshore into deep water. Although Stefansson and Bartlett had made plans for this eventuality, the rate of drift was much faster than had been expected and it became certain that, for better or for worse, Stefansson was now started on his northern journey on foot much sooner than had been intended, and from a starting point much further South. As for the ship, Captain Bartlett well knew that few vessels of the day, let alone the little Karluk, were likely to last long in the intensive pressures of ocean ice which, subject to no restraint from land, was now forced into tortuous ridges which gave way with shattering fractures under enormous shear forces. With this grim prospect in the minds of all, but in good spirits under their stout-hearted captain, Christmas and New York were celebrated with good cheer and all hands resolved to make the best of things. As a precaution against accidental fire in the ship, as well as a safeguard against her crushing, supplies were placed on the ice and equipment assembled. At 7:30 p.m. on January 10, there came a sound of splitting and crashing from the engine room and, squeezed in a vice-like grip, pipes and pumps began to break asunder as the bottom and side timbers splintered upwards. It was time to abandon ship. Supported by the closing ice the wreck remained above the surface as preparations continued throughout the night and in the following day. At 4:00 p.m. on January 11, 1914, Captain Bartlett set

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ARCHIVED - USQUE AD MARE A History of the Canadian Coast Guard and Marine [...] his phonograph to play the music of Chopin's Funeral March and, hoisting the Canadian Blue Ensign to the main masthead, he stepped over the level rail for the last time. In the continuous darkness of a winters day, the men of the Karluk watched in awe as their ship was slowly engulfed, the floe closing in to snap off the topsail yards before the ensign disappeared forever. Bartlett could only bare his head. There was no despair. Twice before had their captain been shipwrecked, and in his deep under-standing of survival in the Arctic he knew that they were camped on an indestructible ice-floe with igloo, tents, food, fuel and dogs. After thirty-six hours of strain and fatigue, Bob Bartlett turned in, thinking thus, and slept for twelve hours. The temperature, in the Captains words, "was not severe". It was forty below zero and the nearest land, Wrangel Island, lay some eighty miles away. Not all his men were strong enough for continuous sledging and, to reduce the risk, four men were sent off on an advance party to establish caches of food for a larger and later effort. On the 25th, a first glimpse of the sun, absent for three months, peeked above the horizon to encourage hope. Not all the survivors shared their Captains views as to be best means of escape, and some who had served with Shackleton in the Antarctic elected to try for the coast of Alaska direct. Bartlett gave them a proportionate share of dogs and food and, on February 5, Dr. Forbes Mackay of Edinburgh, oceanographer James Murray of Glasgow, anthropologist Dr. Henri Beuchat of Paris, and Able Seaman Stanley Morris, left camp with supplies for fifty days. They were never seen again. On February 10, the shore movement was started in earnest by two parties, each with a sledge and four dogs. It was a nightmare journey in ice of awful roughness, high ridging, impassable debris and temperatures of forty-five and fifty below. After a terrible time all made Wrangel Island on March 12, a barren and mountainous island some eighty miles long;

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ARCHIVED - USQUE AD MARE A History of the Canadian Coast Guard and Marine [...] at least, for men who had been months on sea ice, it was solid. The problem now was how to proceed. Some of the party were in bad shape and the group was too big to travel as one. Apart from Bartlett, there were no leaders sufficiently experienced to take the smaller groups. There was nothing for it but to dig in as best they could while their captain, travelling light, made for the Siberian Coast. On March 18, with his faithful Eskimo, Katiktovick, for sole companion, Captain Bartlett set out to cross the 110 miles between Wrangel Island and Siberia. They had food for forty-eight days, a somewhat lesser quantity for their seven dogs, and one sledge. This journey, from its commencement in a howling blizzard of drifting snow, across moving sea ice which cracked and opened constantly, sometimes right through their tent, was difficult beyond belief. Once the two men ate raw polar bear meat, freshly killed; always they suffered agonies of acute pain from snow blindness and cold. In addition, the brave Eskimo was distressed from a deep seated conviction, false as it turned out, that the Siberian Eskimos were hostile to his tribe and would kill him. At last, on April 4, they stepped on land again to be received kindly by a party of Siberian Eskimos. No-one could speak the language of any other, except that of universal friendship, and the little party progressed from one igloo to another, in many stages, until they reached civilization after covering 700 miles in 37 days marching. Crossing to Nome in Alaska, Captain Bartlett eventually returned to Wrangel Island, thanks to the United States Coast Guard who placed their famous ship the Bear, herself a former Dundee built Newfoundland whaler, at his disposal. On September 8, 1914 the survivors were picked up. George Malloch a stratiographer from Yale, Bjarne Mamen the Norwegian forester, and Fireman G. Beddy had been unable to survive the cold and hardships of the eight months which had elapsed since the loss of their ship. Stefansson went on, with various companions, till 1

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Due to the position of the loft at the top of your house, moist air from below can seep into the space and condense underneath the roof. Unfortunately, this condensation can lead to mould and mildew growth, wood rot, insect infestation, and warped loft floors. There are, however, steps you can take to stop condensation in your loft. Things you need Relative humidity gauge Increase ventilation in the loft. For proper ventilation, lofts and attics require 30 cm (1 foot) square of unobstructed ventilation area for each 46 metres (150 feet) square of loft area. Common loft and attic vent types include eave, gable, turbine, roof and continuous ridge. Increase circulation. Circulation and ventilation go hand-in-hand. To increase circulation in your loft, consider running an attic fan. You should also consider installing an exhaust fan in areas of your house where moisture is high, such as bathrooms, utility rooms and kitchens. Seal cracks in the loft. Condensation will occur in your loft if moist air is leaking into the loft. Check the areas where the wall meets the floor and ceiling, and make sure that any soil and vent pipes that pass through the roof space are sealed. In addition, if you have a loft trap door, make sure the lid sits firmly on a draught excluder or rubber beading. Reduce moisture in your home. To reduce the moisture in the air of your home, consider running an air conditioner during the warm months and a dehumidifier during the cold months. Keep the relative humidity in your home between 30 and 50 per cent to avoid problematic condensation. You can buy a relative humidity gauge at your local DIY shop. Install skylight windows in the loft. Windows create a buffer between the cold air outside and the warmer air inside, thus reducing the chance of condensation. This is important because condensation on the surface of loft windows can damage the walls and ceilings around the window. Things you need - Air conditioner - Relative humidity gauge - Skylight windows

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PARADIGMATIC AND SYNTAGMATIC Paradigmatic contrasts at the level of sounds allow one to identify the phonemes (minimal distinctive sound units) of a language: for example, bat, fat, mat contrast with one another on the basis of a single sound, as do bat, bet, bit, and bat, bap, ban. Stylistically, rhyme is due to the paradigmatic substitution of sounds at the beginning of syllables or words, as in: ‘Tyger! Tyger! burning bright / In the forests of the night.’ On the lexical level, paradigmatic contrasts indicate which words are likely to belong to the same word class (part of speech): cat, dog, parrot in the diagram are all nouns, sat, slept, perched are all verbs. Syntagmatic relations between words enable one to build up a picture of co-occurrence restrictions within SYNTAX, for example, the verbs hit, kick have to be followed by a noun (Paul hit the wall, not *Paul hit), but sleep, doze do not normally do so (Peter slept, not *Peter slept the bed). On the semantic level, paradigmatic substitutions allow items from a semantic set to be grouped together, for example Angela came on Tuesday (Wednesday, Thursday, etc.), while syntagmatic associations indicate compatible combinations: rotten apple, the duck quacked, rather than *curdled apple, *the duck squeaked. "PARADIGMATIC AND SYNTAGMATIC." Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. . Encyclopedia.com. (December 18, 2017). http://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/paradigmatic-and-syntagmatic "PARADIGMATIC AND SYNTAGMATIC." Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language. . Retrieved December 18, 2017 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/paradigmatic-and-syntagmatic par

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Never underestimate the power of heat. The residents of south Louisiana will tell you that summer temperatures upwards of 105°F and extreme humidity drive their entire daily schedules, where residents will avoid the outdoors and schedule their activities around the hottest part of the day in order to avoid devastating heat strokes and other heat-related illnesses. But we are talking about heat in an entirely different context: using heat to image, target, and kill cancer cells in the human body. While researchers and clinicians are greatly interested in anti-cancer agents that can convert electromagnetic energy, in the form of light or radiofrequency waves, to tumor-damaging heat, a big hurdle remains heating efficiency. Biomedical researchers and material scientists, including Jae-Hyun Lee and coworkers whose work appeared this month in Nature Nanotechnology, are creating tiny ‘nano’-particles that more efficiently convert radiofrequency waves to cancer killing heat. The heat-generating nanoparticles’ super efficiency will translate into lower doses required for an effective fight against cancer. Lower required doses promise to reduce potentially harmful side effects of the tiny anti-cancer particles and their drug payloads on healthy tissues, and to increase the therapeutic potential of these ‘nano’-thermal agents. Tweet Various agents of heat-induced cancer therapy are seeing real-life application. Most of these agents classify as nanomaterials, objects that exist on a scale 1000x smaller than the width of an average human hair. On this scale, even the smallest ant would seem like a giant (where 16,000 nanoparticles of the typical size used in biomedical applications would fit side by side from head-to-tail of the tiny thief ant), and direct interaction with individual human cells and component molecules allows for strong biological activity. One type of nanomaterial, the noble metal nanoparticle, is famous for its use in thermal therapy applications. Metallic nanoparticles, including those composed of silver and gold, have the unique capability to convert light to heat, making these materials appropriate for therapies that use heat to treat tumors and weed cancer cells out of the human body. Tiny metallic light-activated ‘heat-boxes’ can be used to damage cancer cells. This damage can be effected either indirectly

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Never underestimate the power of heat. The residents of south Louisiana will tell you that summer temperatures [...] through heat-triggered drug release (Cobley 2010), where drugs are stored inside the nanoparticle, or directly through photothermal therapy (Chen 2010). Photothermal therapy entails using light to heat up specific nanomaterials, for example gold nanoparticles, to temperatures that cause localized hyperthermia, or heat-damage to cells and tissues containing the nanoparticles. While noble metal nanoparticles have been widely investigated with clinical potential as agents of thermal therapy, the fact that these materials require light for heat generation limits their use to some extent. Despite improvements made by pushing light activation from the visible into the near-infrared spectrum (there exists a ‘window of transparency’ for human tissues in the far-red spectrum – note 1), light is still limited in its penetration depth, or how far in can penetrate into the human body. Particles of light, or photons, interact with tissues and surrounding media in the human body as light travels from the skin surface to the location of a tumor within the body. Losses of photon energy during interaction with intermediary tissues, as well as light-to-heat conversion at the nanoparticle surface which is never 100%, lead to inefficient therapy systems that require high concentrations of nanoparticles at the site of tumor and involve potentially detrimental effects to surrounding healthy tissues. Jae-Hyun Lee and coworkers have come up with a solution to current limitations associated with photothermal therapy and other forms of heat-based therapy by creating super-efficient core-shell magnetic nanoparticles. Tiny magnetic particles, also called nano-magnets, are not new to the field of magnetically-activated thermal therapy. It has been known for some time that under an alternating current (a.c.) magnetic field, magnetic nanoparticles undergo fluctuations in their magnetic properties that result in heat. Benefits of magnetic vs. light energy to generate heat include the use of radiofrequency waves to produce the fluctuations in the magnetic nanoparticles. Radiofrequency waves, unlike light waves, are not limited in their penetration depth into tissue (Lee 2011), meaning that thermal therapies

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Never underestimate the power of heat. The residents of south Louisiana will tell you that summer temperatures [...] with magnetic nanoparticles can non-invasively reach deeper tumors inside the human body. Magnetic nanoparticles can also be ‘seen’ using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allowing researchers and clinicians to monitor the movement of magnetically-activated thermal agents inside the human body during therapy. Conventional magnetic nanoparticles, composed on iron oxide materials that are also classic contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have undergone clinical trials in thermal therapies of brain and prostate cancer (Maier-Hauff 2007). While these conventional magnetic nanoparticles are typically composed of a single solid material, Lee and coworkers’ improved magnetic nanoparticles possess some very unique multi-faceted features that make them an order of magnitude more efficient than conventional metallic nanoparticles in converting magnetic energy to heat. By creating nanoparticles that have a ‘core’ of one type of magnetic material surrounded by a ‘shell’ of another type of material, Lee and coworkers’ were able to fine tune a magnetic property of the nanomaterial known as magnetocrystalline anisotropy, a measure of how much the internal energy of the nano-magnet depends on the direction of its magnetization (note 2). By controlling this property and varying the ‘core’ and ‘shell’ components with combinations of cobalt, iron, and manganese, the researchers were able to hone in on core-shell nanoparticle types that were most efficient in converting magnetic energy to heat. Indeed, Jae-Hyun Lee and coworkers’ multi-layer nanoparticles were found to be up to 34x more efficient in producing heat from incident radiofrequency waves than conventional iron-oxide magnetic nanoparticles used in MRI studies. Not only were the ‘core’ and ‘shell’ nanoparticles found to be better at generating heat than traditional thermal agent magnetic nanoparticles, they were also found superior in their cancer-fighting properties (against tumors in mice) to the common anticancer drug doxorubicin. A regular one-two punch in thermal cancer therapy, fine-tuned core-shell nanoparticles may

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Ø “Looking toward Heaven, He blessed the food, and breaking the loaves, He gave them to the disciples, and the disciples gave them to the crowds.” Matthew 14:19 Ø “And looking up toward Heaven, He blessed the food.” Mark 6:41 Ø “Looking up to Heaven, He blessed them.” Luke 9:16 Ø “Having given thanks, He distributed to those who were seated.” John 6:11 Giving thanks to God for the food provided by a young boy is the one common denominator in all four Gospel records of the miracle of The Feeding of the Five Thousand. Matthew, Mark, Luke and John revealed Jesus asked God’s blessing on the food before distributing it to His disciples to pass on to the people. John’s account provides keen insight into the mind of Christ, and shows how His process always had a purpose. The Son pointed seekers to The Father as the source of their provision. “A large crowd followed Him, because they saw the signs which He was performing on those who were sick.” (v. 2) Jesus asked Phillip, “Where are we to buy bread, so that they may eat?” (v.5) “This He was saying to test him, for He Himself knew what He was going to do.” (v.6) Jesus always does. Saying the blessing, giving thanks, or saying grace are all expressions of one of the earliest forms of prayer taught to a child. Children are not born with a streak of gratitude, but an attitude of entitlement. Wise parents teach their children to thank God for their food, but don’t stop teaching their children how to pray, until their prayer life matures and develops into so much more. But I digress. Three of the Gospel accounts record that Jesus looked towards Heaven, before He prayed. The Bible does not mince words, nor does it waste words. Words mean things. Looking towards Heaven is not a throw away line, but a lifeline to the source of answered prayer, The Father in Heaven. When Jesus was asked by His disciples, “Lord, teach us to pray,” He began with the words, “Our Father, who art in Heaven.” Jesus turned to The Father in believing prayer whenever His life, and ministry was on the line. The Father

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Ø “Looking toward Heaven, He blessed the food, and breaking the loaves, He [...] ’s children will follow His Son’s lead into the arena of believing prayer, and look toward Heaven. If their lives reveal no heart for prayer, they do not have the life of Jesus in their hearts. Full of themselves, and not of His Spirit, prayerless people do not look toward Heaven, but wander into the tall grass searching for man-made answers to man-made problems. Prayerlessness never ends well. "Most Christians pray sometimes, with some prayers and some degree of perseverance, for some of God's people. But to replace 'some' with 'all' in each of these expressions would be to introduce us to a new dimension of prayer." John R.W. Stott "…Praying at all times in the Spirit, with all prayer and supplication. To that end keep alert with all perseverance, making supplication for all the saints" (Ephesians 6:18 ESV) Jesus placed His disciples, in an impossible situation, ON PURPOSE. This reveals the mind of Christ, the heart of God, and the purpose of prayer. Prayer is not about pleading with God to provide fair weather for the church picnic. Prayer is about turning the impossible into the HIMpossible. “God’s purpose for your life is to knock you, out of you.” “Wild Bill” Stafford The sooner God’s people get on board with what The Father has in mind for His children, the sooner they will embrace prayer as part of His process for maturing them, not pampering them. Jesus knew exactly what He was doing when He asked one of His disciples to meet the needs of 5,000 people. Jesus knew the score. He was looking for His disciples to get into the game. He still is. Panic may not be the purest motive for believing prayer, but it is a great motivator for it. Coming to the end of a rope is not a call to make more rope. It is a call to prayer. Jesus knew Phillip was aware of prayer as a ritual, and a sign of the righteous on feast days. He just didn’t believe prayer was the breath of life every day. Jesus brought His disciples face to face with reality

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Today’s theme song is the hymn 40 Days by Matt Maher. It's a beautiful and inspiring song about Jesus’ time in the desert. Right after John, Jesus’ cousin, baptizes him the Holy Spirit leads him into the wilderness, “to be tempted by the devil. And he fasted forty days and forty nights, and afterwards he was hungry. And the tempter came....Matthew 4:2-3” Matthew has one of the longer versions of Jesus’ temptation in the desert. It goes into detail about how the devil tempted him and with what he was tempted. So why did Jesus have to go to the desert? It seems kinda counterintuitive at first. Jesus is about to start his public ministry and then he goes to the last place where people would be! However, God does not think as we do. The Holy Spirit led him into the desert to be strengthened for the coming years of ministry Matthew 4:1 “Cause in the desert of temptation lies the storm of true conversion where springs of living water drown and refresh you. And as the Jordan pours out change your true self is all that remains where springs of living water bind and break you. Bind and break you” 40 Days In the Ignatius Study Bible commentary we read about the similarities between Jesus going into the desert and the old testament Israel going into the desert. “Matthew’s temptation narrative recounts Jesus’ spiritual preparation for ministry. The event contrasts the disobedience of ancient Israel with the obedience of Jesus, representative of the new Israel: Israel and Jesus are both called God’s son Matthew 3:17 Exodus 4:22 the temptations of both Israel and Jesus are preceded by a baptism Exodus 3:13-17 1 Corinthians 10:1-5 Israel was tested for forty years, Jesus is tempted for forty days and forty nights Matthew 4:2 Exodus 4 Israel failed its wilderness testing, while Jesus triumphs over Satan through obedience....” Wow! The Old Testament and New Testament line up beautifully here. We see Jesus being strong where Israel failed and making all things NEW. Thank you Jesus. So how does this connect to Matt Maher

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The Padang, West Sumatra administration declared an extraordinary situation in February following an outbreak of diphtheria. A total of 62 people were suspected of being infected with the disease, one of them died. The outbreak, the first to have occurred in the province, prompted the local government to repeat diphtheria immunization to prevent the disease from spreading even further. The outbreak in Padang was not the only incidence to have occurred in Indonesia due to incomplete immunization or a lack of it. Three disease outbreaks have been reported to have affected Indonesian children. In the period 2005-2006, a polio outbreak hit Sukabumi and, to a lesser degree, Madura, affecting nearly 351 children, 305 of them became paralyzed for good. The second incidence was a diphtheria outbreak in East Java (2009-2011), which caused more than 1,200 children to be hospitalized, 120 of them ended dead. The third incidence occurred in Central Java and West Java (2009-2011) when an outbreak of measles affected 5,000 children, killing 16 of them. "It turned out that 30 percent of them did not receive immunization and 40 percent received incomplete immunication," said child development specialist Dr dr Soedjatmiko, SpA(K). (detik.com, 9 May 2015) Data also show that in Indonesia, 1 infant (0-12 months old) dies every 35 minutes and one toddler (0-60 months) dies every 12 minutes. In fact, there are around 4.6-5.5 million births every year. Ignorance of the importance of immunization is blamed for the high death rate. The high incidence of disabilities and deaths indicates a low public awareness of the importance of immunization. This is despite the fact that immunization has proven to have prevented diseases as far back as 1798, when the first vaccine, for smallpox, was administered. Polio, diphtheria, measles, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), and hepatitis B are among

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The Padang, West Sumatra administration declared an extraordinary situation in February following an outbreak of diph [...] diseases that can be prevented by immunization. One of the reasons behind public reluctance to have their children vaccinated is because people doubt the safety of the vaccines used. There is also the issue of halal, whether the vaccines are halal, said dr. Sri Rezeki S. Hadinegoro, the chairperson of the Indonesian Technical Advisory Group on Immunization (ITAGI) and a member of the Immunization Task Force of the Indonesian Pediatric Society. (Kompas, 5 March 2015) The halal status of drugs and vaccines is a major issue for Indonesians who are mostly muslim. The halal debate became even more heated after the House of Representatives passed the halal law in September 2014. The law requires all business owners to obtain halal certificates for their products and put the halal label on their product packages. Those who fail to comply with the law will face administrative sanction. Not all vaccines contain ingredients that are considered haram by the teachings of Islam. Even if non-halal ingredients are used, they have undergone an extraction process to obtain the specific compound needed. The non-halal ingredients are not used in vaccines, said Health Minister Nila Djuwita Anfasa Moeloek. She said people should just consider the benefit of vaccines. Public rejection of vaccines because of the halal issue could have a huge negative effect such as in the case of the diphtheria outbreak in West Sumatra, where diphtheria immunization must be repeated. It cost a lot in terms of economic cost and deaths, which could have been prevented. The state must spend Rp15 billion to repeat the diphtheria immunization in West Sumatra for around 700,000 toddlers and children aged 7-10 years old. The amount did not include the operating costs incurred by the local administration. All in all, the total cost of the repeated immunization was around Rp30 billion. In a workshop on halal law and its effect on access to vaccines and medicines and the threat to public health held on 4 June 2012 and 10 September 2

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The Padang, West Sumatra administration declared an extraordinary situation in February following an outbreak of diph [...] 012 by the Center for Health Economics and Policy Studies (Pusat Kajian Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Kesehatan), experts in pharmaceutics, public health, Islam and key stakeholders from various backgrounds, including the Religious Affairs Ministry, discussed in a comprehensive way the issue of halal and haram in drugs and vaccines. The speakers at the workshop were Hasbullah Thabrany, an expert in health policies and a professor at University of Indonesia’s Community Health Department who was also chairman of the organizing committee; Nasaruddin Umar, an expert in the interpretation of religious texts, professor at Universitas Islam Jakarta, and Deputy Religious Affairs Minister; Ali Gufron Mukti, an expert in health economics, professor of community health science at Gadjah Mada University’s School of Medicine, and Deputy Health Minister; Umar Anggara Jenie, an expert in medical chemistry and professor at Gadjah Mada University’s School of Pharmaceutics; Dr. Lahouari Belgharbi, WHO scientist, Department of Vaccines Immunization and Biologicals (IVB), Quality Safety and Standards [QSS]; and Maura Linda Sitanggang, director general of pharmaceuticals and medical devices at the Ministry of Health. In general, the experts agreed that the issue of halal and haram in drugs and vaccines should be treated with extra caution by taking into consideration all the relevant factors because of their strategic aspect that could affect the world’s perception of Indonesia. Even more important is the fact that as it is a health matter that concerns the safety and security of the general public, the halal status of drugs and vaccines could directly affect all the other aspects of public life, including politics, economy, social affairs and education. A regulation on drugs and vaccines that disregards public health concerns could lead to an outbreak of contagious diseases, which occured in Nigeria and Sudan, including diseases that are nearly eradicated worldwide such as poliomyelitis (polio). In fact, in 2005 Sukabumi declared an extraordinary situation due to an outbreak of acute placid paralysis and 15 of the 17 cases were confirmed to have been caused

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The Padang, West Sumatra administration declared an extraordinary situation in February following an outbreak of diph [...] by the same polio virus strain that hit Saudi Arabia and Sudan. This was despite the fact that since 1995, Indonesia has been declared polio free. Sukabumi sends quite a large number of workers to Saudi Arabia and one of the few regions with a polio vaccination rate that is lower than the national agerage due to resistence from a small segment of its population. The outbreak was contained as the government moved fast and administered polio vaccines to 5.2 million toddlers in West Java, Banten, and Jakarta. According to the experts who joined the workshop, drugs and vaccines are different from other consumer goods because (a) they are consumed only in an emergency and (b) consumers actually do not want them--they are forced to consume the drugs and vaccines—and (c) they are consumed in moderation (based on the provision of the Al Baqarah, Verse 173).] They also agreed that it would be irresponsible for a country to make the halal status of drugs and vaccines an issue if it does not have the capacity or experience to produce drugs and vaccines of sufficient quantity for the entire world muslim population. This is especially true after members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), including Saudi Arabia, accepted the 2005 fatwa (guideline) of the Fiqh Council that the polio vaccine—and for that matter all drugs and vaccines contaminated with porcine—are halal. The workshop also revealed that at the international level, the controversy of the halal status of a drug—in this case vaccines that have been contaminated with porcine—started in 2007 when Indonesia and Malaysia attempted to promote the “halal vaccine concept” at the Conference of OIC Health Ministers in Kuala Lumpur. The concept was immediately rejected by Middle East countries, namely Saudi Arabia (the birthplace of Islam), Kuwait and Turkey. The delegations of the three countries put forward the following considerations: 1. Do not confuse health issues with religious doctrine. 2. It will very irresponsible for Indonesia and Malaysia to demand halal drugs and vaccines while neither has the capacity or experience to produce vaccines in sufficient quantity

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The Padang, West Sumatra administration declared an extraordinary situation in February following an outbreak of diph [...] for the entire world muslim population. 3. The statement about “halal” vaccines will disrupt the effort of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to ensure the safety of all hajj pilgrims and will cause confusion related to the mandatory vaccination for people planning to go on the hajj pilgrimage. 4. The term halal vaccines will create a misunderstanding that all non-halal vaccines are not safe, and will greatly affect the immunization drive, and eventually, the health of the citizens of muslim countries and vaccine producers in other muslim countries. Meanwhile, H.M. Hamdan Rasyid, a member of the Fatwa Council of the Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI), said that Islam allows immunization, vaccines and vaccination to prevent diseases. If a vaccine is contaminated with haram ingredients, then it is haram to use that vaccine. However, if a halal vaccine is not yet available, the so-called haram vaccine may be used in an emergency, for example for people going on the hajj pilgrimage, he added. The MUI also stressed that non-halal drugs may be used in an emergency when their halal substitutes have yet to be found. On another occasion, International Pharmaceutical Manufactures Group (IPMG) Chairman Luthfi Mardiansyah said that IPMG maintains coordination with the Health Ministry, the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (BPOM) and related institutions to ensure that the implementation of the halal law does not disrupt public health service. “As in the case of vaccines, which are not yet classified as halal products. We don’t want to arrive at a stage when many pharmaceuticals cannot be sold,” he said. “Indonesia is the only country to have such a law, which will cause problems in the future,” he added. IPMG Executive Director Parulian Simanjuntak stressed that IPMG fully supports the spirit of the halal law, which seeks to protect consumers. However, he warned that the law will be difficult to apply to the pharmaceutical industry because pharmaceutical raw materials come from various sources. According to IPMG Chairman Luthfi Mardiansyah, 90 percent of the

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The college of yesteryear is not the college of today. Students with disabilities comprise the most rapidly growing student population on many campuses. Higher education rights are delineated under Section III (public institutions) and IV (privately owned colleges which serve the public) of the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Students have to be otherwise eligible for college which precludes individuals with disabilities who cannot make academic progression. The three ADA definitions of disability are 1) having an impairment which substantially limits one or more major life activities (walking, seeing, hearing, learning, breathing, etc.); 2) having a record of such an impairment; 3) being regarded as having an impairment. College students who meet the first definition are entitled to reasonable academic accommodations since they have current documentation to support disability and justification for accommodations. The other two definitions are safeguards against discriminatory policies for students with disability records or reputations. ADA is very different than IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) which governs students in grades K-12. In college, students are considered to be adults with the expectation that they use or develop self-advocacy skills to receive accommodations. Colleges communicate directly with students, not parents, unless students provide authorization under FERPA – Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act Students with disabilities are encouraged to inquire about the campus disability office or the disability campus official who reviews documentation for accommodations prior to the commencement of freshman year. It is the student’s responsibility to find out about the process for documentation submission required for reasonable accommodations. Each campus has its own system of informing professors about classroom and testing accommodators. Professors do not have the right to know student diagnoses, but they do have the right to know about classroom and testing accommodations. Traditional accommodations include note takers in classrooms for students with learning/hearing/visual disabilities; sign language interpreters for students who communicate with American Sign Language (ASL); designated classroom computers with assistive software for students with visual disabilities; text books in alternative formats for students with print disabilities; and testing accommodations, such as extra time, scribes, and quiet locations, for students whose documentation supports them. Campuses are moving towards various technologies for students with a wide

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The college of yesteryear is not the college of today. Students with disabilities comprise the [...] range of hearing disabilities, such as CART (Communication Access Real-time Translation) and new technologies for those with visual disabilities. Frequently, assistive technologies which target one disability benefit a broader range of students. Accommodations are designed to help students remain competitive, and to provide parity, but not advantages. Students with disabilities are expected to conform to college policies. Course or assignment substitutions can be made if their disability prevents fulfillment of college expectations. For example, students with severe speech impediments can usually select a writing class as a substitute if a speech class is a requirement of their major. Not all students with disabilities, even in the first tier, are eligible for academic accommodations. They may choose to affiliate with the disability for advocacy and other opportunities, such as scholarships designated for students with disabilities or certain kinds of disabilities. College students with disabilities also have to be aware of their responsibilities. Requests for accommodations need to be done in a timely manner. For example, students who need interpreters need to make arrangements prior to semester commencement. The same is true for students who require classroom note takers. Students who are eligible for accommodations but do not wish to be identified as such may choose not to come forward immediately, but they cannot then expect immediate accommodations, even for testing, unless they have followed the required protocol. Students may also choose not to utilize their accommodations after coming forward. Parents may expect disability staff members to insist that students make use of accommodations, but that is not the case. As adults, students are free to render independent judgments. Parents may be surprised to discover that the attention given to their child in resource rooms and other special academic environments in K-12 is not available on campuses. Colleges are also not required under ADA to provide personal care attendants or class prompters of any kind. Colleges are not responsible to ensure the happiness of students with disabilities, facilitate social acceptance, or make excuses for poor academic performance. When conflicts arise outside the purview ADA, common sense should be applied. Asthmatic students who cannot breathe in the prolonged presence of guide dogs take priority over students with visual disabilities. That means that guide-dog users may have to leave their dog in

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by Midori Hiraga Published in Hongkong Standard, 20 September 1995 THEY spent HK$12,000 each for a summer holiday in Hong Kong recently but this was no ordinary break for a group of Japanese -- they wanted to learn about their country's war record in the territory. There were more than a dozen of them on this tour aimed at "visiting the remains of Japanese army occupation in Hong Kong and understanding Japanese responsibility as the invader". Japanese troops occupied Hong Kong from the "Black Christmas" of 1941 to 1945. In the three years and eight months, the colony's people were subjected to great suffering. But this history is not well known to most of the Japanese public. People tend to remember more what happened in their neighbourhood. What most Japanese people experienced during the war was the American B-29 bomber attacks on their cities and the deaths of their relatives. "Living in Japan meant that our image of the war was one of Japanese suffering and hardship," one of the tour members said. "It is difficult for the Japanese public to see themselves as invaders because that role was played outside the country." The tour was organized by Yukio Wani, a Japanese history teacher. The group first learnt the basic history of Hong Kong at the Museum of History in Tsim Sha Tsui. On the second day, they attended a demonstration staged by the Hong Kong Reparation Association and joined its 600 members in demanding a full apology and compensation for the Hong Kong war victims. They also attended the 50th commemoration ceremony of liberation. The tourists were accompanied by Hong Konger Ko Tim-keung, who is fluent in Japanese and an authority on Hong Kong history. He has written several books on the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong. "The Japanese public do not know what happened during the Japanese military occupation of Hong Kong," said Mr Wani. "There is no documented study of this period in Japanese." Though many Japanese people now visit Hong Kong, their main concern is business, shopping, sightseeing. Not many are interested in the history of Japan's occupation. Based on his belief that true human relations can only be established on a full mutual understanding of their common history, Mr Wani has been organizing similar tours for years.

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by Midori Hiraga Published in Hongkong Standard, 20 September 1 [...] "I believe both the Japanese and Hong Kong public must come to understand the history of the occupation period. This is the only way to establish true friendship between us," he said. Mr Wani works actively to help Hong Kong war victims in their campaign for compensation. He also researches the occupation. He was originally drawn to the subject by coincidence. In 1991, a friend asked him to help research the military currency forced upon Hong Kong people, who never received compensation for the subsequently worthless cash. "To tell the truth, my first impression of the victims wasn't good. The first thing they did was to push the bills in front of me and ask for cash," he said. "All they wanted was the money." Mr Wani met several Hong Kong war victims in Japan. The older victims were unfriendly. But when he visited Hong Kong and listened to the victims' stories, he found there were more serious problems than the military currency. "The malevolent occupation by the Japanese army was a more serious problem than the problem of military bills," he said. Because of the cruel treatment they suffered, Hong Kong people had a complicated view of today's Japanese people. "Hong Kong people admire the Japanese for some reasons and hate them for others," Mr Wani said. "They enjoy Japanese movies, Japanese comics and electronic products but they hate Japan because of war memories. "These complicated views can be straightened only by fully understanding history." Though sometimes war victims' sole concern may be compensation, Mr Wani thinks that it is a natural reaction but there is more to be asked for. He said they need help to persuade the Japanese government to agree to their demands. "The payment for military currency is only a part of a huge problem which the Japanese occupation gave Hong Kong society," he said. "The Japanese failed to recognize the problems left behind." He said the Japanese had done nothing to record history and recognize it. "Oral stories from the victims are not enough. We need to gather the written documents and must have a comprehensive analysis of the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong. "Written documents and research are urgently needed in order to help the war victims. It is difficult for a group of old citizens to fight against a government without these documents. "

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Elizabeth S. Reames | 10/29/2009 6:24:49 PM News You Can Use Distributed 10/29/09 Every November during American Diabetes Month, LSU AgCenter nutritionist Dr. Beth Reames reminds people healthful eating is important for managing diabetes. “Diabetes is now an epidemic in the United States, and this year's theme, ‘Stop Diabetes’, seeks to confront, fight and stop diabetes,” Reames says, explaining that nearly 24 million people have Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, and another 57 million people have pre-diabetes and are at risk for developing Type 2 diabetes. One out of every three children will face a future with diabetes if current trends continue. Reames says Type 1 diabetes is a disease that occurs because the body can’t make insulin and sugar levels in blood get too high. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas that the body needs to move glucose (sugar) from the blood into body cells to be used for energy. Type 1 diabetes used to be called “juvenile diabetes” and “insulin-dependent” diabetes. Most cases of Type 1 diabetes develop in youth, but it can develop at any age. Five to 10 percent of all diabetes cases are Type 1. Type 2 diabetes is a disease that occurs because the body either can’t make enough insulin or can’t use insulin properly, causing sugar to build up in the blood. Type 2 diabetes was previously known as “adult-onset” and “non-insulin-dependent diabetes.” “Type 2 usually begins as insulin resistance in which one’s cells do not use insulin properly, resulting in the pancreas gradually losing its ability to produce insulin,” Reames explains. From 90 to 95 percent of diabetes cases are Type 2. Most cases of Type 2 begin after age 30 or 40, but the number of children and teens with Type 2 is increasing. The death rate for diabetes has continued to grow since 1987 while the death rates from heart disease, stroke and cancer have declined. Diabetes complications include heart disease, blindness, kidney disease, stroke and amputations. Keeping

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Elizabeth S. Reames | 10/29/2009 6: [...] blood glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol in control can reduce the risk for heart attack or stroke. Reames notes that the risk for diabetes increases with age, excessive weight gain and inactivity. Diabetes is more common in African-Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders. The nutritionist offers several healthful food choices to help manage the disease: – Eat lots of vegetables and fruits. Try picking from the rainbow of colors available to maximize variety. Eat nonstarchy vegetables such as spinach, carrots, broccoli or green beans with meals. – Choose whole-grain foods over processed grain products. Try brown rice with stir-fry or whole-wheat spaghetti with pasta sauce. – Include dried beans (like kidney or pinto beans) and lentils in meals. – Include fish in meals two to three times a week. – Choose lean meats like cuts of beef and pork that end in "loin" such as pork loin and sirloin. – Remove the skin from chicken and turkey. – Choose nonfat dairy products such as skim milk, nonfat yogurt and nonfat cheese. – Choose water and calorie-free "diet" drinks instead of regular soda, fruit punch, sweet tea and other sugar-sweetened drinks. – Choose liquid oils for cooking instead of solid fats, which can be high in saturated and trans fats. – Remember fats are high in calories. If you're trying to lose weight, watch your portion sizes of added fats. – Cut back on high calorie snack foods and desserts like chips, cookies, cakes and full-fat ice cream. – Watch portion sizes. Even eating too much of healthful foods can lead to weight gain. The LSU AgCenter’s Diabetes Education Awareness Recommendations (DEAR) program and Smart Portions Healthy Weight program provide information on healthful eating, physical activity recommendations and lifestyle habits. For information about these programs or about eating healthfully using the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s MyPyramid eating guide, contact

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CELEBRATING World Teachers’ Day (October 5). Emilio Jacinto, in the Kartilla of the Katipunan, defined kalayaan (freedom) as equality brought about by the development of katuwiran (reason), which impels the human person to love and serve humankind and to hate and fight tyranny. Education, in the understanding of the Katipunan, must play a decisive role in the continuing transformation of society in which everyone can have the freedom and opportunity to create knowledge from his or her own personal history, take an active role in the continuing transformation of society, and use this knowledge for productive ends intended for the common good. Freedom and control of the inner self that comes from reason is the primary aim of education. The Katipuneros believed that the landas (way) from dilim (darkness) to liwanag (light) would be tuwid (straight) if it is in accord with katuwiran (right reason). Katuwiran comes from control of the loob (inner self). Loob is the object of rationality in the specific sense of katarungan (justice) and was understood not only as the inner self but also the collective self of the sambayanan (community). When illumined by damay (compassion) and disciplined by dusa (suffering), loob will enable the seeker of truth to reach katotohanan (truth), liwanag (enlightenment) and kalayaan (freedom). In Department Order No. 36, issued on September 4, 2013, the DepEd released its new vision statement: “We dream of Filipinos who passionately love their country and whose values and competencies enable them to realize their full potential and contribute meaningfully to building the nation.” R.A. 10533 (The Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013) envisions “a functional basic education system that will develop productive and responsible citizens equipped with the essential competencies, skills and values for both life-long learning and employment.” The Act sees every graduate of basic education to become “an empowered individual who has learned, through a program that is rooted on sound educational principles and geared towards excellence, the foundations for learning throughout life, the competence to engage

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CELEBRATING World Teachers’ Day (October 5). Emilio Jac [...] in work and be productive, the ability to coexist in fruitful harmony with local and global communities, the capability to engage in autonomous, creative, and critical thinking, and the capacity and willingness to transform others and one’s self.” Similarly, the General Education Curriculum of the Commission on Higher Education aims to produce thoughtful graduates imbued with: Values reflective of a humanist tradition (fundamental respect for others as human beings with intrinsic rights, cultural rootedness, an avocation to serve); Analytical and problem-solving skills; The ability to think through the ethical and social implications of a given course of action; and, The competency to learn continuously throughout life that will enable them to live meaningfully in a complex, rapidly changing and globalized world while engaging in their community and the nation’s concerns. “This Sacred Synod likewise declares that children and young people have a right to be motivated to appraise moral values with a right conscience, to embrace them with a personal adherence, together with a deeper knowledge and love of God.” This is what the Second Vatican Council teaches in Gravissimum Educationis about the right to education and the importance of teaching them moral values. The Church is concerned, not just about the kind of education given to children and young people, but the kind of society they are being raised in. Schools and society Ano ang Pilipinas na ating adhika? [What kind of Philippines do we wish to have?]. We keep talking about schools and teachers and supervisors, but we have to talk first about our society and ourselves. Schools are reflections of our society since we do choose what we teach our children. What we teach in the classroom reflects who we are as a people. We cannot change the educational system without changing our society because we cannot separate social assumptions from the educational system. A relationship exists between our society’s beliefs about knowledge and knowing, how we teach our students to know, and what kind of ethical behavior we should foster. We first have to figure out what kind of society we really want: a Filipino society populated by responsible persons who thrive on interdependence and community, or a nation of narcissistic consumers unwilling to take full responsibility for their actions in a

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CELEBRATING World Teachers’ Day (October 5). Emilio Jac [...] culture of greed who feel dependent on products, services, and corrupt authority figures whose greed is insatiable. We need a shared framework about what Filipinos as human beings are “for” and how we might act and what we should strive for or resist. We need to look back at our past in trying to figure out what kind of society we really want. Wisdom is needed here with its moral component — wisdom as the application of information worth remembering and knowledge that matters to understanding not only how our society works, but also how it should work. And that requires a moral framework of what should and should not matter, as well as an ideal of the human being at its highest potentiality. Ethics or moral wisdom helps us tell the difference between the right direction and the wrong direction in building a just and peaceful society in a world that is changing fast through globalization – Nasa mundo ang utak, sa Pilipinas nakatapak. We need to redefine today what it means to be human and why we are in this world. Even as parents are the first teachers, those teaching in classrooms should also help in this redefinition. Education is not filling the bucket but the lighting of a fire (W.B. Yeats). Teachers have to probe more deeply into the larger questions of education and construct a perspective on their lives as professional educators if they are to light a fire. They have to reflect on why they choose to become and why they remain teachers. What am I doing as a teacher and why does that make a difference? How do my actions and behavior as a teacher affect my students, not only today, but throughout their lives? What is the meaning and purpose of educating another human being? What should I teach and how should I teach it? What is most real about me as a teacher? How do I define myself as a human being? Not filling the bucket Educational managers, teachers and students must deepen their understanding of what the lighting of a fire means in the fast-changing world and how this can be facilitated in learning situations. Hopefully, there will be more educators that will rise from the problems that beset the Philippines today, kindly mavens who light a fire with profound wisdom and boundless courage amidst the darkness of the future. The lighting of a fire means

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Non-invasive Positive Pressure Support, commonly known as NIPPV, is a process of delivery of mechanical ventilation to those patients who need support to breathe (at certain times). NIPPV doesn’t need an artificial airway through the larynx or trachea. NIPPVhas emerged as one of the most important advances in the management of both acute and chronic respiratory failure in the past two decades. Earlier, non-invasive ventilation could only be administered through devices that generated negative pressures like the cuirass or the iron lung (now obsolete). To fully understand NIPPV, one must understand its different types or ‘modes’. NIPPV can use a pressure or volume-controlled mode (both of which generate positive pressure) to deliver ventilation. The basic concept of NIPPV, thus, is the application of positive pressure during the respiratory cycle (inspiration and expiration). As technology has advanced, so have the devices and the techniques that control how the delivery of pressure (mechanical breaths) are started (triggered), controlled (targeted), and ended (cycled). Thus, numerous modes of NIPPV are available, which include: · CPAP: The simplest application is that of ‘continuous positive airway pressure’ through the respiratory cycle, which is commonly called CPAP.CPAP is used in treatment and management of: o Obstructive sleep apnoea o Sleep-disordered breathing associated with congestive heart failure o Acute pulmonary edema o Coexistent obstructive sleep apnea and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) o Overlap syndrome (coexistentsleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) · BPAP: Bi-level positive airway pressure or BPAP, switches between a higher inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) and a lower expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP), thus mimicking normal respiration, by maintaining alveolar ventilation, reducing the work of breathing, unloading the respiratory muscles, lowering diaphragmatic pressure swings, reducing respiratory rate, and eliminating or supporting diaphragmatic work. It is usually used for ventilatory support in patients with acute respiratory failure

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