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[ { "id": "15093107_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Environmental contamination and developmental abnormalities in eggs and hatchlings of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina) from the Great Lakes-St Lawrence River basin (1989-1991)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 203 ] ] }, { "id": "15093107_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "During 1989-1991, we assessed developmental abnormalities in embryos and hatchlings from eggs of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina). Eggs were collected and artificially incubated from eight sites in Ontario, Canada and Akwesasne/New York, USA. In eggs from the same clutches we measured 20 organochlorine pesticides, 48 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) congeners including 6 non-ortho PCBs, 8 polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs), 14 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and total mercury. We found a significant increase in abnormal development with increasing polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in eggs, particularly PCDD and PCDF concentrations. In contrast, the risk of abnormality was not significantly higher as toxic equivalent concentrations increased in eggs. We also found significant 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and Cytochrome P4501A responses in livers of hatchling turtles from Lake Ontario relative to hatchlings from a clean, inland site whereas we did not find any evidence of porphyria in the hatchlings from either site." ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 1284 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15093107_MESH:D006130_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "developmental abnormalities" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 59 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006130" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_8475_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "common snapping turtle" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "8475" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_8475_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Chelydra serpentina serpentina" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 144 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "8475" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_MESH:D006130_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "developmental abnormalities" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 261 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006130" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_8475_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "common snapping turtle" ], "offsets": [ [ 305, 327 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "8475" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_8475_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Chelydra serpentina serpentina" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 359 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "8475" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_MESH:D006843_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "organochlorine" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 534 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006843" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_MESH:D011078_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "polychlorinated biphenyl" ], "offsets": [ [ 550, 574 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011078" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_MESH:D011078_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PCBs" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 580 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011078" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_MESH:D011078_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PCBs" ], "offsets": [ [ 614, 618 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011078" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_MESH:D000072317_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "polychlorinated dibenzodioxins" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 652 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000072317" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_MESH:D000072317_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PCDDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 659 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000072317" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_MESH:D000072338_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "polychlorinated dibenzofurans" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 694 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000072338" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_MESH:D000072338_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PCDFs" ], "offsets": [ [ 696, 701 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000072338" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_MESH:D008628_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "mercury" ], "offsets": [ [ 713, 720 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008628" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_-_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon" ], "offsets": [ [ 794, 830 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_MESH:D000072317_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PCDD" ], "offsets": [ [ 862, 866 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000072317" } ] }, { "id": "15093107_MESH:D000072338_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PCDF" ], "offsets": [ [ 871, 875 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000072338" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2934687_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Investigations into the sequence-selective binding of mithramycin and related ligands to DNA." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 93 ] ] }, { "id": "2934687_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The preferred binding sites for mithramycin on four different DNA fragments have been investigated by DNAase I footprinting. Sites containing at least two contiguous GC base pairs are protected by the antibiotic, the preferred binding site consisting of the dinucleotide step GpG (or CpC). Related antibiotics chromomycin and olivomycin produce similar, but not identical footprinting patterns suggesting that they can recognize other sequences as well. All three antibiotics induce enhanced rates of enzyme cleavage at regions flanking some of their binding sites. These effects are generally observed in runs of A and T and are attributed to DNA structural variations induced in the vicinity of the ligand binding site. The reaction of dimethylsulphate with N7 of guanine was modified by the presence of mithramycin so that we cannot exclude the possibility that these antibiotics bind to DNA via the major groove." ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 1010 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2934687_MESH:D008926_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "mithramycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 65 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008926" } ] }, { "id": "2934687_MESH:D008926_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "mithramycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 137 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008926" } ] }, { "id": "2934687_MESH:D002865_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chromomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 415 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002865" } ] }, { "id": "2934687_MESH:D009848_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "olivomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 420, 430 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009848" } ] }, { "id": "2934687_28384_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "other sequences" ], "offsets": [ [ 523, 538 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "28384" } ] }, { "id": "2934687_MESH:C007482_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dimethylsulphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 848 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C007482" } ] }, { "id": "2934687_MESH:D006147_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "guanine" ], "offsets": [ [ 860, 867 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006147" } ] }, { "id": "2934687_MESH:D008926_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "mithramycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 900, 911 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008926" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32147906_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Development of a tension pneumomediastinum during mechanical ventilation of a young Irish Wolfhound." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 100 ] ] }, { "id": "32147906_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: To report the development of a tension pneumomediastinum during mechanical ventilation of a young Irish Wolfhound with aspiration pneumonia. CASE SUMMARY: A 9-month-old intact female Irish Wolfhound was presented for clinical signs consistent with aspiration pneumonia. Evaluation of her pedigree and clinical signs prompted suspicion of Irish Wolfhound rhinitis bronchopneumonia syndrome as a contributing factor. Despite supportive care for bronchopneumonia, progressive hypoxemia and increased work of breathing required mechanical ventilation (MV). Development of a pneumothorax 36 hours after initiation of MV necessitated bilateral thoracostomy tubes. Cardiovascular decline persisted despite resolution of the pneumothorax and 1 hour later the dog was humanely euthanized. On necropsy, severe pneumomediastinum was identified without other evidence of barotrauma. Necropsy results suggested tension pneumomediastinum as the cause of pneumothorax and cardiovascular deterioration. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED: Pneumomediastinum has not been described in dogs receiving MV. This case highlights the importance of rapid detection of pneumomediastinum during MV, as the complication can quickly become life-threatening." ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 1341 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32147906_MESH:D011015_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aspiration pneumonia" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 251 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011015" } ] }, { "id": "32147906_MESH:D011015_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aspiration pneumonia" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 380 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011015" } ] }, { "id": "32147906_MESH:D001996_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Wolfhound rhinitis bronchopneumonia syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 456, 500 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001996" } ] }, { "id": "32147906_MESH:D001996_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bronchopneumonia" ], "offsets": [ [ 555, 571 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001996" } ] }, { "id": "32147906_MESH:D000860_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoxemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 594 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000860" } ] }, { "id": "32147906_MESH:D011030_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pneumothorax" ], "offsets": [ [ 682, 694 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011030" } ] }, { "id": "32147906_MESH:D002318_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Cardiovascular decline" ], "offsets": [ [ 770, 792 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002318" } ] }, { "id": "32147906_MESH:D011030_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pneumothorax" ], "offsets": [ [ 829, 841 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011030" } ] }, { "id": "32147906_9615_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "dog" ], "offsets": [ [ 863, 866 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9615" } ] }, { "id": "32147906_MESH:D001469_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "barotrauma" ], "offsets": [ [ 971, 981 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001469" } ] }, { "id": "32147906_MESH:D002318_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pneumothorax and cardiovascular deterioration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1097 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002318" } ] }, { "id": "32147906_9615_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "dogs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1179, 1183 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9615" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22626967_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Accuracy in contouring of small and low contrast lesions: comparison between diagnostic quality computed tomography scanner and computed tomography simulation scanner-A phantom study." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 183 ] ] }, { "id": "22626967_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "To evaluate the accuracy in detection of small and low-contrast regions using a high-definition diagnostic computed tomography (CT) scanner compared with a radiotherapy CT simulation scanner. A custom-made phantom with cylindrical holes of diameters ranging from 2-9 mm was filled with 9 different concentrations of contrast solution. The phantom was scanned using a 16-slice multidetector CT simulation scanner (LightSpeed RT16, General Electric Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI) and a 64-slice high-definition diagnostic CT scanner (Discovery CT750 HD, General Electric Healthcare). The low-contrast regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated automatically upon their full width at half maximum of the CT number profile in Hounsfield units on a treatment planning workstation. Two conformal indexes, CI(in), and CI(out), were calculated to represent the percentage errors of underestimation and overestimation in the automated contours compared with their actual sizes. Summarizing the conformal indexes of different sizes and contrast concentration, the means of CI(in) and CI(out) for the CT simulation scanner were 33.7% and 60.9%, respectively, and 10.5% and 41.5% were found for the diagnostic CT scanner. The mean differences between the 2 scanners' CI(in) and CI(out) were shown to be significant with p < 0.001. A descending trend of the index values was observed as the ROI size increases for both scanners, which indicates an improved accuracy when the ROI size increases, whereas no observable trend was found in the contouring accuracy with respect to the contrast levels in this study. Images acquired by the diagnostic CT scanner allow higher accuracy on size estimation compared with the CT simulation scanner in this study. We recommend using a diagnostic CT scanner to scan patients with small lesions (<1 cm in diameter) for radiotherapy treatment planning, especially for those pending for stereotactic radiosurgery in which accurate delineation of small-sized, low-contrast regions is important for dose calculation." ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 2215 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22626967_MESH:D006816_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HD" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 730 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006816" } ] }, { "id": "22626967_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1970, 1978 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29873119_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Tailoring the Band Gap in 3D Hybrid Perovskites by Substitution of the Organic Cations: (CH3 NH3 )1-2y (NH3 (CH2 )2 NH3 )2y Pb1-y I3 (0<=y<=0.25)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 146 ] ] }, { "id": "29873119_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Tuning the optical properties of MAPbI3 (MA=methylammonium) is a key requirement to increase the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Simple precipitation from solution allows the partial substitution of MA in MAPbI3 by H3 NCH2 CH2 NH3 (H2 en). Surprisingly, there is 1:1 exchange of the monovalent cation MA by the dication H2 en. The charge compensation results from a deficit of Pb2+ , leading to a series MA1-2y (H2 en)2y Pb1-y I3 with 0<=y<=0.25. This model has been supported by single-crystal measurements and NMR investigations. The substitution results in a continuous shift of the band gap from 1.51 to 2.1 eV and a color change from black to orange-red. The H2 en content stabilizes the cubic high-temperature (HT) form of MAPbI3 . There is a linear correlation between band gap and unit cell volume. The substitution enables controlled band gap tuning because the extent of substitution is closely related to the applied MA:H2 en ratio in solution." ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 1115 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29873119_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MAPbI3" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 186 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29873119_MESH:C027451_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methylammonium" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 205 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C027451" } ] }, { "id": "29873119_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "H3 NCH2 CH2 NH3" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 390 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29873119_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "H2 en" ], "offsets": [ [ 392, 397 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29873119_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "H2 en" ], "offsets": [ [ 480, 485 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29873119_55193_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Pb1" ], "offsets": [ [ 581, 584 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "55193" } ] }, { "id": "29873119_MESH:D003903_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "H2" ], "offsets": [ [ 824, 826 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003903" } ] }, { "id": "29873119_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "H2 en" ], "offsets": [ [ 1091, 1096 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34797495_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Sestrin2 induction contributes to anti-inflammatory responses and cell survival by globular adiponectin in macrophages." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 119 ] ] }, { "id": "34797495_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived hormone, exhibits a modulatory effect on cell death/survival and possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Sestrin2, a stress-inducible metabolic protein, has shown cytoprotective and inflammation-modulatory effects under stressful conditions. In this study, we examined the role of sestrin2 signaling in the modulation of cell survival and inflammatory responses by globular adiponectin (gAcrp) in macrophages. We observed that gAcrp induced a significant increase in sestrin2 expression in both RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and primary murine macrophages. Notably, gAcrp treatment markedly increased expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) and gene silencing of HIF-1alpha blocked sestrin2 induction by gAcrp. In addition, pretreatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of ERK or PI3K abrogated both sestrin2 and HIF-1alpha expression by gAcrp, indicating that ERK/PI3K-mediated HIF-1alpha signaling pathway plays a critical role in sestrin2 induction by gAcrp. Furthermore, sestrin2 induction is implicated in autophagy activation, and knockdown of sestrin2 prevented enhanced cell viability by gAcrp. Moreover, gene silencing of sestrin2 caused restoration of gAcrp-induced expression of anti-inflammatory genes in a gene-selective manner. Taken together, these results indicate that sestrin2 induction critically contributes to cell survival and anti-inflammatory responses by gAcrp in macrophages." ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 1647 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34797495_230784_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Sestrin2" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "230784" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_11450_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "adiponectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 103 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11450" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_11450_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Adiponectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 131 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11450" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_MESH:D003643_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 210 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_230784_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Sestrin2" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 340 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "230784" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_MESH:D007249_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 421 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_230784_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "sestrin2" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 516 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "230784" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_11450_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "adiponectin" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 612 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "11450" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "gAcrp" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 659 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_230784_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "sestrin2" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 702 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "230784" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_10090_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "murine" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 738 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_10090_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "murine" ], "offsets": [ [ 763, 769 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_-_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "gAcrp" ], "offsets": [ [ 792, 797 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_15251_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 841, 873 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15251" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_15251_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HIF-1alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 875, 885 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15251" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_15251_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HIF-1alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 909, 919 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15251" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_230784_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "sestrin2" ], "offsets": [ [ 928, 936 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "230784" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_-_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "gAcrp" ], "offsets": [ [ 950, 955 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_26413_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ERK" ], "offsets": [ [ 1019, 1022 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "26413" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_230784_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "sestrin2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1046, 1054 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "230784" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_15251_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HIF-1alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1059, 1069 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15251" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_26413_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ERK" ], "offsets": [ [ 1107, 1110 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "26413" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_15251_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HIF-1alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1125, 1135 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15251" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_230784_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "sestrin2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1179, 1187 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "230784" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_230784_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "sestrin2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1221, 1229 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "230784" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_230784_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "sestrin2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1296, 1304 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "230784" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_230784_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "sestrin2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1377, 1385 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "230784" } ] }, { "id": "34797495_230784_27", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "sestrin2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1532, 1540 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "230784" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12455406_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Rational drug design of DNA oligonucleotides as HIV inhibitors." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 63 ] ] }, { "id": "12455406_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "DNA oligonucleotides as anti-HIV therapeutic agents have been developed for more than a decade. Numbers of oligonucleotides have been designed as potential anti-HIV inhibitors. Here we summarized the designed anti-viral oligonucleotides in last decade and divided the designed DNA HIV inhibitors into three categories: (i) antisense inhibitors, (ii) triplex inhibitors and (iii) G-quartet inhibitors, based upon their inhibitory mechanism and structures. Also we proposed a strategy of rational drug design of anti-HIV oligonucleotides, which includes several critical steps, such as (1) structure-based rational drug design, (2) chemical synthesis/combinational chemistry, (3) the determination of structural properties, (4) assays of the inhibition of HIV-1 IN and virus replication, and (5) 3D QSAR operation. This methodology has been used by the design of G-quartet inhibitors." ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 946 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12455406_MESH:D009841_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oligonucleotides" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 44 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009841" } ] }, { "id": "12455406_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DNA oligonucleotides" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 84 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "12455406_MESH:D009841_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oligonucleotides" ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 187 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009841" } ] }, { "id": "12455406_MESH:D009841_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oligonucleotides" ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 300 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009841" } ] }, { "id": "12455406_MESH:D009841_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oligonucleotides" ], "offsets": [ [ 583, 599 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009841" } ] }, { "id": "12455406_11676_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 818, 823 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11676" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21518991_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Management of coronary chronic total occlusion." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 47 ] ] }, { "id": "21518991_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 48 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21518991_MESH:D054059_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "coronary chronic total occlusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 46 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054059" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12094516_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Epilepsy and services for older people." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 39 ] ] }, { "id": "12094516_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Although epilepsy can occur at any age, almost a quarter of people affected are over 60 years old. It is important for nurses working with older people to understand the full implications of a diagnosis of epilepsy, which can have a devastating effect on quality of life." ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 311 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12094516_MESH:D004827_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Epilepsy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] }, { "id": "12094516_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 38 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12094516_MESH:D004827_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epilepsy" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 57 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] }, { "id": "12094516_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12094516_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 185, 191 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12094516_MESH:D004827_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epilepsy" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 254 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13090208_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Studies on blood and plasma catalase. V. Influence of the spleen and reticulo-endothelial system upon the blood and plasma catalase content." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 140 ] ] }, { "id": "13090208_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 141 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13090208_847_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "catalase" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "847" } ] }, { "id": "13090208_847_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "catalase" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 131 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "847" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34522881_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Promoting co-existence between humans and venomous snakes through increasing the herpetological knowledge base." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 111 ] ] }, { "id": "34522881_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Snakebite incidence at least partly depends on the biology of the snakes involved. However, studies of snake biology have been largely neglected in favour of anthropic factors, with the exception of taxonomy, which has been recognised for some decades to affect the design of antivenoms. Despite this, within-species venom variation and the unpredictability of the correlation with antivenom cross-reactivity has continued to be problematic. Meanwhile, other aspects of snake biology, including behaviour, spatial ecology and activity patterns, distribution, and population demography, which can contribute to snakebite mitigation and prevention, remain underfunded and understudied. Here, we review the literature relevant to these aspects of snakebite and illustrate how demographic, spatial, and behavioural studies can improve our understanding of why snakebites occur and provide evidence for prevention strategies. We identify the large gaps that remain to be filled and urge that, in the future, data and relevant metadata be shared openly via public data repositories so that studies can be properly replicated and data used in future meta-analyses." ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 1269 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34522881_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3539234_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Phagocytic capacity of cytokineplasts from human blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 84 ] ] }, { "id": "3539234_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Cytokineplasts (CKP) are membrane-bounded anucleate cytoplasmic fragments, induced from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) by the brief application of heat; derived from the cortical cytoplasm that gathers at the leading front of migrating PMN; and endowed with many of the motile properties of the parent cell. In this study we examine their phagocytic capacity by quantitative methods. CKP ingest Staphylococcus aureus and Serratia marcescens somewhat less avidly than do the corresponding intact PMN, yet rather impressively when one considers how restricted a portion of the parent cell they represent. Under the conditions employed, CKP killed about half as many of the bacteria presented to them as did their parent PMN. Thus, despite a heat-associated loss of demonstrable respiratory burst oxidase activity and a paucity of cytoplasmic granules, the organelle-depleted CKP deals with bacteria in a way that mimics its parent PMN." ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 1022 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "3539234_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3539234_1280_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Staphylococcus aureus" ], "offsets": [ [ 484, 505 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1280" } ] }, { "id": "3539234_615_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Serratia marcescens" ], "offsets": [ [ 510, 529 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "615" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34954493_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Treatment of Hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs at a syringe service program during the COVID-19 response: The potential role of telehealth, medications for opioid use disorder and minimal demands on patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 222 ] ] }, { "id": "34954493_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Healthcare delivery was disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring minimized in-person contact between patients and clinicians. During the pandemic, people with opioid use disorder (OUD) were not only at elevated risk for COVID-19, but had markedly reduced access to treatment for OUD, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV due to recommended decreased in-person visits. METHODS: From March 15-June 15, 2020 at the syringe services program (SSP) in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, a differentiated care model evolved with reduced clinical demands on people who inject drugs (PWID) to ensure screening and treatment for HCV, HIV and OUD, with a focus on HCV treatment. This model involved a single, bundled screening, evaluation, testing (SET) and monitoring strategy for all three conditions, minimal in-person visits, followed by tele-health communication between patients, outreach workers and clinicians. In-person visits occurred only during induction onto methadone and phlebotomy at baseline and phlebotomy 12 weeks post-treatment for HCV to measure sustained virological response (SVR). Patients received supportive texts/calls from outreach workers and clinicians. RESULTS: Overall, 66 actively injecting PWID, all with OUD, underwent bundled laboratory screening; 35 had chronic HCV infection. Participants were 40 years (mean), mostly white (N = 18) men (N = 28) and 12 were unstably housed. Two were lost to-follow-up and 2 were incarcerated, leaving 31 who started pan-genotypic direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). The mean time from referral to initial phlebotomy and initiation of DAAs was 6.9 and 9.9 days, respectively. Fourteen additional patients were newly started on buprenorphine and 6 started on methadone; three and four, respectively, were on treatment at baseline. Overall, 29 (93.5%) PWID who initiated DAAs achieved SVR; among unstably housed persons the SVR was 83.3%. CONCLUSIONS: In response to COVID-19, an innovative differentiated care model for PWID at an SSP evolved that included successful co-treatment for HCV, HIV and OUD using a client-centered approach that reduces treatment demands on patients yet supports ongoing access to evidence-based treatments." ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 2424 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34954493_11103_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Hepatitis C virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 30 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11103" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 43 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_MESH:C000657245_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 109 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_MESH:D009293_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "opioid use disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 170, 189 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009293" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 221 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_MESH:C000657245_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 288 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 353 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 397 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_MESH:D009293_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "opioid use disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 422 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009293" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_MESH:C000657245_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 472 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_11103_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Hepatitis C virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 528, 545 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11103" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_11103_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HCV" ], "offsets": [ [ 547, 550 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11103" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_MESH:D015658_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 559 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015658" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 783, 789 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_11103_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HCV" ], "offsets": [ [ 852, 855 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11103" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_MESH:D015658_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 857, 860 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015658" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_11103_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HCV" ], "offsets": [ [ 886, 889 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11103" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1098, 1106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_MESH:D008691_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methadone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1194, 1203 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008691" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_11103_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HCV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1274, 1277 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11103" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1327, 1335 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_MESH:D006526_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "chronic HCV infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1513, 1534 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006526" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_9606_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1536, 1548 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_9606_23", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1593, 1596 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_9606_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1886, 1894 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_MESH:D002047_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "buprenorphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1917, 1930 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002047" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_MESH:D008691_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methadone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1948, 1957 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008691" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_-_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DAAs" ], "offsets": [ [ 2059, 2063 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_9606_28", "type": "Species", "text": [ "persons" ], "offsets": [ [ 2100, 2107 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_MESH:C000657245_29", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 2155, 2163 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_11103_30", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HCV" ], "offsets": [ [ 2274, 2277 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11103" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_MESH:D015658_31", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 2279, 2282 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015658" } ] }, { "id": "34954493_9606_32", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2358, 2366 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9992637_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Probing interfacial properties with Bloch electrons: Ag on Cu(111)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 67 ] ] }, { "id": "9992637_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 68 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9992637_MESH:D003300_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cu" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 61 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003300" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20960451_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Proteomic characterization of Her2/neu-overexpressing breast cancer cells." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 74 ] ] }, { "id": "20960451_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The receptor tyrosine kinase HER2 is an oncogene amplified in invasive breast cancer and its overexpression in mammary epithelial cell lines is a strong determinant of a tumorigenic phenotype. Accordingly, HER2-overexpressing mammary tumors are commonly indicative of a poor prognosis in patients. Several quantitative proteomic studies have employed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in combination with MS/MS, which provides only limited information about the molecular mechanisms underlying HER2/neu signaling. In the present study, we used a SILAC-based approach to compare the proteomic profile of normal breast epithelial cells with that of Her2/neu-overexpressing mammary epithelial cells, isolated from primary mammary tumors arising in mouse mammary tumor virus-Her2/neu transgenic mice. We identified 23 proteins with relevant annotated functions in breast cancer, showing a substantial differential expression. This included overexpression of creatine kinase, retinol-binding protein 1, thymosin 4 and tumor protein D52, which correlated with the tumorigenic phenotype of Her2-overexpressing cells. The differential expression pattern of two genes, gelsolin and retinol binding protein 1, was further validated in normal and tumor tissues. Finally, an in silico analysis of published cancer microarray data sets revealed a 23-gene signature, which can be used to predict the probability of metastasis-free survival in breast cancer patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 1529 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20960451_2064_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Her2" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 34 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2064" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_2064_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "neu" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 38 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2064" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_MESH:D001943_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 67 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_2064_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HER2" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 108 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2064" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_MESH:D001943_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "invasive breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 159 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_2064_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HER2" ], "offsets": [ [ 281, 285 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2064" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_MESH:D009369_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 309, 315 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 371 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_2064_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HER2" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 575 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2064" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_2064_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Her2/neu" ], "offsets": [ [ 724, 732 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2064" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_MESH:D009369_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 810 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_11757_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse mammary tumor virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 822, 847 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11757" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_2064_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Her2" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 852 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2064" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_10090_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "transgenic mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 857, 872 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_MESH:D001943_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 937, 950 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_5947_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "retinol-binding protein 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1048, 1073 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5947" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_MESH:D009369_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1090, 1095 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_13866_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Her2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1160, 1164 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "13866" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_2934_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "gelsolin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1237, 1245 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2934" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_5947_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "retinol binding protein 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1250, 1275 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5947" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_MESH:D009369_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 1313, 1318 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_MESH:D009369_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1372, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_MESH:D001943_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1506, 1519 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "20960451_9606_23", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1520, 1528 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11526022_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Survival of clinical and poultry-derived isolates of Campylobacter jejuni at a low temperature (4 degrees C)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 109 ] ] }, { "id": "11526022_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, and contamination of poultry has been implicated in illness. The bacteria are fastidious in terms of their temperature requirements, being unable to grow below ca. 31 degrees C, but have been found to be physiologically active at lower temperatures and to tolerate exposure to low temperatures in a strain-dependent manner. In this study, 19 field isolates of C. jejuni (10 of clinical and 9 of poultry origin) were studied for their ability to tolerate prolonged exposure to low temperature (4 degrees C). Although substantial variability was found among different strains, clinical isolates tended to be significantly more likely to remain viable following cold exposure than poultry-derived strains. In contrast, the relative degree of tolerance of the bacteria to freezing at -20 degrees C and freeze-thawing was strain specific but independent of strain source (poultry versus clinical) and degree of cold (4 degrees C) tolerance." ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 1125 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11526022_197_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Campylobacter jejuni" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 73 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "197" } ] }, { "id": "11526022_197_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Campylobacter jejuni" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 130 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "197" } ] }, { "id": "11526022_MESH:D016920_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bacterial gastroenteritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 178 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016920" } ] }, { "id": "11526022_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 188 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11526022_197_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "jejuni" ], "offsets": [ [ 553, 559 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "197" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15307647_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 53 ] ] }, { "id": "15307647_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Deep vein thrombosis can have serious long-term consequences and can result in fatal complications. Many patients are at increased risk of DVT, but knowledge of common risk factors and an awareness of appropriate prophylactic measures can help prevent its occurrence. An ability to recognise common clinical signs and symptoms, together with an understanding of diagnosis and treatment, benefits the nursing management of DVT." ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 480 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15307647_MESH:D020246_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deep vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 52 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020246" } ] }, { "id": "15307647_MESH:D013927_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013927" } ] }, { "id": "15307647_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 167 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13403798_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Acceptance and refusal of alcoholic beverages in a group of children with mental deficiency of various degrees]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 113 ] ] }, { "id": "13403798_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 114 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13403798_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 69 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "13403798_MESH:D008607_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mental deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 92 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008607" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8882258_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Antiemetic efficacy of ondansetron with patient-controlled analgesia." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 69 ] ] }, { "id": "8882258_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study was performed to assess the antiemetic efficacy of ondansetron in women receiving morphine from a patient-controlled analgesia system after total abdominal hysterectomy. Sixty-six ASA grade 1 or 2 patients scheduled for total abdominal hysterectomy were randomly allocated into one of two groups. All patients received a standardised anaesthetic and postoperative patient-controlled analgesia regimen. Group 1 received ondansetron 4 mg at induction of anaesthesia, repeated 8 h later. Group 2 received saline as a placebo at the same times. Pain scores, nausea scores, episodes of vomiting, use of rescue antiemetics and recollection of nausea and vomiting were not different between the groups. Only 15% of patients who received ondansetron and 30% of patients who received the placebo recorded no nausea or vomiting in the first 24 h. We conclude that ondansetron, in the dose studied, does not reduce nausea and vomiting in women receiving morphine from a patient-controlled analgesia system after total abdominal hysterectomy." ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 1153 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8882258_MESH:D017294_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 34 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017294" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 47 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_MESH:D017294_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 185 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017294" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 194 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_MESH:D009020_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 213 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009020" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 221, 228 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 424, 432 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 494 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_MESH:D017294_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 542, 553 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017294" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_MESH:D012965_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 631 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012965" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_MESH:D010146_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 664, 668 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_MESH:D009325_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 677, 683 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009325" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_MESH:D014839_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "vomiting" ], "offsets": [ [ 704, 712 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014839" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_MESH:D009325_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 760, 766 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009325" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_MESH:D014839_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "vomiting" ], "offsets": [ [ 771, 779 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014839" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 839 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_MESH:D017294_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 853, 864 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017294" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 876, 884 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_MESH:D009325_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 922, 928 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009325" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_MESH:D014839_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "vomiting" ], "offsets": [ [ 932, 940 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014839" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_MESH:D017294_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 977, 988 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017294" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_MESH:D009325_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1027, 1033 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009325" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_MESH:D014839_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "vomiting" ], "offsets": [ [ 1038, 1046 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014839" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_9606_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1055 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_MESH:D009020_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1066, 1074 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009020" } ] }, { "id": "8882258_9606_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1082, 1089 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34541574_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Broad antiviral and anti-inflammatory efficacy of nafamostat against SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal coronaviruses in primary human bronchiolar epithelia." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 146 ] ] }, { "id": "34541574_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Antiviral strategies that target host systems needed for SARS-CoV-2 replication and pathogenesis may have therapeutic potential and help mitigate resistance development. Here, we evaluate nafamostat mesylate, a potent broad-spectrum serine protease inhibitor that blocks host protease activation of the viral spike protein. SARS-CoV-2 is used to infect human polarized mucociliated primary bronchiolar epithelia reconstituted with cells derived from healthy donors, smokers and subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nafamostat markedly inhibits apical shedding of SARS-CoV-2 from all donors (log10 reduction). We also observe, for the first-time, anti-inflammatory effects of nafamostat on airway epithelia independent of its antiviral effects, suggesting a dual therapeutic advantage in the treatment of COVID-19. Nafamostat also exhibits antiviral properties against the seasonal human coronaviruses 229E and NL6. These findings suggest therapeutic promise for nafamostat in treating SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses." ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 1189 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34541574_2697049_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "SARS-CoV-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 79 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "2697049" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_11118_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "coronaviruses" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11118" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 123 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_2697049_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "SARS-CoV-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 214 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "2697049" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_MESH:C032855_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nafamostat mesylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 354 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C032855" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_MESH:D012694_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "serine" ], "offsets": [ [ 380, 386 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012694" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_43740568_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "spike" ], "offsets": [ [ 456, 461 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "43740568" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_2697049_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "SARS-CoV-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 481 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "2697049" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 505 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_MESH:D029424_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 676 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D029424" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_MESH:C032855_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Nafamostat" ], "offsets": [ [ 678, 688 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C032855" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_2697049_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "SARS-CoV-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 736 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "2697049" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_MESH:C032855_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nafamostat" ], "offsets": [ [ 838, 848 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C032855" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_MESH:C000657245_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 967, 975 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_MESH:C032855_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Nafamostat" ], "offsets": [ [ 977, 987 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C032855" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1044, 1049 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_11118_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "coronaviruses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1063 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11118" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_MESH:C032855_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nafamostat" ], "offsets": [ [ 1125, 1135 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C032855" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_2697049_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "SARS-CoV-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1148, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "2697049" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1169, 1174 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34541574_11118_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "coronaviruses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1175, 1188 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "11118" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11026821_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Pulmonary complications in sickle cell syndromes]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 51 ] ] }, { "id": "11026821_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We report various pulmonary complications occurring in 88 patients with sickle cell disease: 44 Hb SS, 29 Hb Sb and 15 Hb SC. Pulmonary infections were observed in 20% of patients, and initiated the disease in 7% of cases. They were common in children younger than 10 years especially in Hb SS and Hb Sb patients. Bacteria were identified in 50% of cases predominantly S. pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. Acute chest syndrome occurred in adolescents and adults and was the consequence of pulmonary infarct or embolism which should be differentiated from bacterial pneumonia. Restrive syndrome was present in 2/3 of patients. It was associated to hypoxemia in 80% of cases. Prophylactic therapy was of paramount importance on long-term penicillin therapy and on closely-spaced immunization against pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae. Blood exchange are indicated in severe hypoxemia." ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 968 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11026821_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 118 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_MESH:D000755_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sickle cell disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000755" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_MESH:D000755_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hb SS" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 153 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000755" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_MESH:D012141_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Pulmonary infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 198 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012141" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 231 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 303 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_MESH:D000755_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hb SS" ], "offsets": [ [ 340, 345 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000755" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 356, 364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_2104_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "S. pneumoniae" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 434 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "2104" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_2104_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Mycoplasma pneumoniae" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 457 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "2104" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_727_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Haemophilus influenzae" ], "offsets": [ [ 463, 485 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "727" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_MESH:D056586_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Acute chest syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 507 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D056586" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_MESH:D054060_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary infarct" ], "offsets": [ [ 570, 587 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054060" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_MESH:D004617_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "embolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 599 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004617" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_MESH:D011014_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pneumonia" ], "offsets": [ [ 646, 655 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011014" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 705 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_MESH:D000860_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoxemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 737 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000860" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_MESH:D010406_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "penicillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 817, 827 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010406" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_727_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Haemophilus influenzae" ], "offsets": [ [ 895, 917 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "727" } ] }, { "id": "11026821_MESH:D000860_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoxemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 958, 967 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000860" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30792493_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Similarities between action potentials and acoustic pulses in a van der Waals fluid." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 84 ] ] }, { "id": "30792493_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "An action potential is typically described as a purely electrical change that propagates along the membrane of excitable cells. However, recent experiments have demonstrated that non-linear acoustic pulses that propagate along lipid interfaces and traverse the melting transition, share many similar properties with action potentials. Despite the striking experimental similarities, a comprehensive theoretical study of acoustic pulses in lipid systems is still lacking. Here we demonstrate that an idealized description of an interface near phase transition captures many properties of acoustic pulses in lipid monolayers, as well as action potentials in living cells. The possibility that action potentials may better be described as acoustic pulses in soft interfaces near phase transition is illustrated by the following similar properties: correspondence of time and velocity scales, qualitative pulse shape, sigmoidal response to stimulation amplitude (an 'all-or-none' behavior), appearance in multiple observables (particularly, an adiabatic change of temperature), excitation by many types of stimulations, as well as annihilation upon collision. An implication of this work is that crucial functional information of the cell may be overlooked by focusing only on electrical measurements." ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 1382 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30792493_MESH:D008055_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 317 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] }, { "id": "30792493_MESH:D008055_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 529 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] }, { "id": "30792493_MESH:D008055_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 691, 696 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15589683_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Identification of promethin and PGLP as two novel up-regulated genes in PPARgamma1-induced adipogenic mouse liver." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 114 ] ] }, { "id": "15589683_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms, alpha, gamma and beta/delta, function as important lipid sensors as well as key regulators of energy homeostasis. PPARalpha plays a dynamic role in energy combustion by transcriptionally upregulating fatty acid oxidation systems primarily in liver, whereas PPARgamma functions as a regulator of adipogenesis and lipid storage. Overexpression of PPARgamma, using adenoviral expression approach, in PPARalpha deficient mouse liver results in hepatic steatosis with concurrent expression of adipocyte specific genes. In this study, to gain a global molecular understanding of PPARgamma1-induced gene expression in liver, we have analyzed gene expression profiles using the Affymetrix GeneChip mouse expression array set 430, that enables a comprehensive gene expression profiling with >39,000 transcripts. Microarray data analysis provided us with over 278 genes up-regulated fourfold or higher, and 121 genes down-regulated fourfold or higher in liver with PPARgamma-induced hepatic adiposis. We have found 101 uncharacterized genes out of 278 up-regulated and 29 uncharacterized among the down-regulated gene categories, respectively. Of 177 functionally characterized candidate genes in the up-regulated category many appear to be involved in adipogenesis, lipid metabolism and signal transduction. To focus attention on the uncharacterized genes in the up-regulated category, we cloned the full-length cDNAs of two novel candidates, which we designated as promethin and PGLP. Promethin, a 15-kDa cytosolic protein, is not normally expressed in liver but induced robustly in liver with hepatic adiposis caused by PPARgamma overexpression. PGLP, which encodes a 38 kDa cytoplasmic membranous protein, is a low abundant transcript in normal liver, but induced dramatically following PPARgamma overexpression. The expression of these two genes was not increased in fatty livers induced by fasting or choline deficiency. The identification of these and other novel PPARgamma-target genes should provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying energy storage and lipid homeostasis." ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 2273 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15589683_233806_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "promethin" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 27 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "233806" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_71904_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PGLP" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "71904" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_10090_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 107 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_19013;19016;19015_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isoforms, alpha, gamma and beta/delta" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 202 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "19013;19016;19015" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_MESH:D008055_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 231 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_19013_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PPARalpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 298 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "19013" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_MESH:D005227_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fatty acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 385 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005227" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_19016_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PPARgamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 432, 441 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "19016" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_MESH:D008055_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 492 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_19016_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PPARgamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 529 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "19016" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_19013_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PPARalpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 581 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "19013" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_10090_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 597 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_MESH:D005234_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hepatic steatosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 615, 632 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005234" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_10090_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 870 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_19016_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PPARgamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1130, 1139 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "19016" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_MESH:D056486_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hepatic adiposis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1148, 1164 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D056486" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_MESH:D008055_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1432, 1437 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_233806_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "promethin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1632, 1641 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "233806" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_71904_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PGLP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1646, 1650 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "71904" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_233806_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Promethin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1652, 1661 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "233806" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_MESH:D056486_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hepatic adiposis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1761, 1777 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D056486" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_19016_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PPARgamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1788, 1797 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "19016" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_71904_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PGLP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1814, 1818 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "71904" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_19016_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PPARgamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1956, 1965 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "19016" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_MESH:D002794_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "choline" ], "offsets": [ [ 2072, 2079 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002794" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_MESH:D007153_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 2080, 2090 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007153" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_19016_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PPARgamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 2136, 2145 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "19016" } ] }, { "id": "15589683_MESH:D008055_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 2255, 2260 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6318842_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Rotational diffusion of TEMPONE in the cytoplasm of Chinese hamster lung cells." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 79 ] ] }, { "id": "6318842_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The correlation time for rotational diffusion (tau R) of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone-N-oxide (TEMPONE) in Chinese hamster lung (V79) cells has been measured. For these cells in an isosmotic solution at 20 degrees C, tau R = 4.18 X 10(-11) s, approximately 3.6 times greater than tau R = 1.17 X 10(-11) s in water. The relationship between tau R and viscosity was investigated in a number of glycerol-water (0-50%) and sucrose-water (20-40%) solutions and a constant Stokes-Einstein volume of 44 A3 was found for TEMPONE in solutions of less than 20% glycerol and sucrose. This gives an average shear viscosity (for rotation of a small molecule) of 0.038 poise for the cytoplasm. When nonsecular terms were used in the calculation of tau R, the activation energies for rotation of TEMPONE in the above solutions correlated well with the activation energies for shear viscosity. The viscosity increases as the cell is shrunk in hypertonic solutions. It also increases with decreasing temperature with an activation energy of 3.7 kcal/mol, about the same as the activation energy for the viscosity of pure water. The rotational correlation times were carefully calculated considering inhomogeneous line broadening, non-Lorentzian line shapes, the need for accurate tensor values and nonsecular terms." ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 1382 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "6318842_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TEMPONE" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 31 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "6318842_CVCL_0212;NCBITaxID:10029_1", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "Chinese hamster lung" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 72 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0212;NCBITaxID:10029" } ] }, { "id": "6318842_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidone-N-oxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 177 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "6318842_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TEMPONE" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 186 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "6318842_CVCL_0212;NCBITaxID:10029_4", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "Chinese hamster lung" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 211 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0212;NCBITaxID:10029" } ] }, { "id": "6318842_CVCL_2234;NCBITaxID:10029_5", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "V79" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 216 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_2234;NCBITaxID:10029" } ] }, { "id": "6318842_MESH:D014867_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 392, 397 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "6318842_MESH:D005990_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glycerol" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 484 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005990" } ] }, { "id": "6318842_MESH:D014867_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 485, 490 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "6318842_MESH:D013395_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sucrose" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 510 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013395" } ] }, { "id": "6318842_MESH:D014867_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 511, 516 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "6318842_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TEMPONE" ], "offsets": [ [ 597, 604 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "6318842_MESH:D005990_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glycerol" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 643 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005990" } ] }, { "id": "6318842_MESH:D013395_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sucrose" ], "offsets": [ [ 648, 655 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013395" } ] }, { "id": "6318842_-_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TEMPONE" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 872 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "6318842_MESH:D009122_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertonic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1011, 1021 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009122" } ] }, { "id": "6318842_MESH:D014867_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 1188, 1193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35569318_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Placement technique impacts gastrostomy tube-related complications amongst head and neck cancer patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 105 ] ] }, { "id": "35569318_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVES: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement is essential for the provision of enteral nutrition in select head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Minimally invasive tube placement is facilitated through one of two techniques, push or pull, but there have been conflicting results regarding safety profiles of these procedures. The objectives of this study were to determine the association of PEG insertion technique with gastrostomy tube complications, including stomal metastases. METHODS: A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study of patients with HNC undergoing PEG insertion by either the pull (gastroscope assisted) or push (fluoroscopy assisted) technique was performed. Tube-related complications included infection, dislodgement, deterioration, leak, and other. Adjusted analysis was performed via a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS: 1,575 patients were included across three institutions. Tube-related complications occurred in 36% of patients, the most common being peristomal leak (13%) and infection (16%). The push technique (OR 2.66, 95% CI: 1.42-4.97), and the presence of T4 disease (OR 4.62, 95% CI: 1.58-13.51), were associated with a greater risk of developing any tube-related complication. Infection rates were similar between pull and push cohorts. All detected stoma metastases occurred with the pull technique, with an overall prevalence of 0.32% amongst the cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The push technique is associated with a greater risk of developing any tube-related complication, but the rate of stomal metastases may be higher with the pull technique. There is potential for quality improvement measures to improve tube-related complications associated with either technique." ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 1845 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "35569318_MESH:D009369_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 95 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "35569318_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 104 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35569318_MESH:D006258_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "head and neck cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 252 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006258" } ] }, { "id": "35569318_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 267 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35569318_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PEG" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 519 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "35569318_MESH:D005184_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "gastrostomy tube complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 575 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005184" } ] }, { "id": "35569318_MESH:D009362_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 604 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009362" } ] }, { "id": "35569318_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 675 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35569318_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PEG" ], "offsets": [ [ 696, 699 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "35569318_MESH:D007239_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 844, 853 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "35569318_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 995, 1003 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35569318_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1091, 1099 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35569318_MESH:D007239_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1149, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "35569318_MESH:D007239_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1358, 1367 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "35569318_MESH:D009362_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stoma metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 1431, 1447 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009362" } ] }, { "id": "35569318_MESH:D009362_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 1672, 1682 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009362" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5352288_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Complications following treatment of esophageal stricture." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 58 ] ] }, { "id": "5352288_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 59 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31433036_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The health of indigenous children and adolescents in Latin America." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 67 ] ] }, { "id": "31433036_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 68 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31433036_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 33 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34661275_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Comment on the article by Del Rio et al. Uterus transplant update: innovative fertility solutions and the widening horizons of bioengineering. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25(9): 3405-3410." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 192 ] ] }, { "id": "34661275_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 193 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "26250687_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "NEURODEGENERATION. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: The prion concept in relation to assembled Abeta, tau, and alpha-synuclein." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 132 ] ] }, { "id": "26250687_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The pathological assembly of Abeta, tau, and alpha-synuclein is at the heart of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Extracellular deposits of Abeta and intraneuronal tau inclusions define Alzheimer's disease, whereas intracellular inclusions of alpha-synuclein make up the Lewy pathology of Parkinson's disease. Most cases of disease are sporadic, but some are inherited in a dominant manner. Mutations frequently occur in the genes encoding Abeta, tau, and alpha-synuclein. Overexpression of these mutant proteins can give rise to disease-associated phenotypes. Protein assembly begins in specific regions of the brain during the process of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, from where it spreads to other areas." ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 852 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "26250687_MESH:D000544_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Alzheimer's" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 30 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "26250687_MESH:D010300_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 55 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "26250687_36469_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "prion" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 66 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "36469" } ] }, { "id": "26250687_MESH:D000544_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Alzheimer's" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 224 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "26250687_MESH:D010300_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 249 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "26250687_MESH:D000544_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Alzheimer's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 342 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "26250687_MESH:D010300_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 445 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "26250687_MESH:D000544_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Alzheimer's" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 788 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000544" } ] }, { "id": "26250687_MESH:D010300_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 813 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35898787_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Big Data Technology in the Macrodecision-Making Model of Regional Industrial Economic Information Applied Research." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 115 ] ] }, { "id": "35898787_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In the era of Internet +, modern industry has developed rapidly, the network economy has promoted the great development of the industrial economy, and the traditional industrial economic statistics method has not been suitable for the development needs of modern enterprises. In today's society, it can be described as the era of big data, the use of big data technology for industrial economic statistics is needed for the development of industrial modernization, and it is also a new requirement for industrial economic statistics put forward by social development. With the wide application of Internet of Things, cloud computing, mobile Internet, remote sensing, and geographic information technology in the economic field, precise economic policies have gradually developed and matured. Especially for different industries in the regional economy, according to the big data in the region, the big data mining technology and analysis technology can be used to obtain the development situation and future trend of the industrial economy in a timely and effective manner. Applying big data technology to macrodecision of regional economic information is an effective way to make macrodecision of current economy. Based on this background, this paper proposes a macroeconomic decision-making method for regional industries based on big data technology. Using data mining technology, time series data analysis methods combined with artificial intelligence analysis, the development trend of regional industries is obtained, and then the development trend of the industry is obtained. Development makes macroeconomic decisions. Taking agriculture as an example, the most popular analysis of the price trend of a certain agricultural product provides an effective reference for the development strategy of this agricultural product. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively apply big data technology to the macrodecision-making of regional industrial economy. And it has better promotion significance." ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 2146 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22555472_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Cell signalling in insulin secretion: the molecular targets of ATP, cAMP and sulfonylurea." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 90 ] ] }, { "id": "22555472_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Clarification of the molecular mechanisms of insulin secretion is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of diabetes and for development of novel therapeutic strategies for the disease. Insulin secretion is regulated by various intracellular signals generated by nutrients and hormonal and neural inputs. In addition, a variety of glucose-lowering drugs including sulfonylureas, glinide-derivatives, and incretin-related drugs such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are used for glycaemic control by targeting beta cell signalling for improved insulin secretion. There has been a remarkable increase in our understanding of the basis of beta cell signalling over the past two decades following the application of molecular biology, gene technology, electrophysiology and bioimaging to beta cell research. This review discusses cell signalling in insulin secretion, focusing on the molecular targets of ATP, cAMP and sulfonylurea, an essential metabolic signal in glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS), a critical signal in the potentiation of GIIS, and the commonly used glucose-lowering drug, respectively." ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 1291 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22555472_3630_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 26 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_MESH:D000255_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ATP" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 66 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000255" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cAMP" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 72 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_MESH:D013453_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sulfonylurea" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 89 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013453" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_3630_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_MESH:D003920_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 231 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_3630_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 301, 308 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_MESH:D005947_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 446, 453 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005947" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_MESH:D013453_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sulfonylureas" ], "offsets": [ [ 479, 492 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013453" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glinide" ], "offsets": [ [ 494, 501 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_1803_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "dipeptidyl peptidase IV" ], "offsets": [ [ 550, 573 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1803" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_1803_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "DPP-4" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 580 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1803" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_2641_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "glucagon-like peptide 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 597, 620 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2641" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_2740_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GLP-1) receptor" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 637 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2740" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_Beta cell_14", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "beta cell" ], "offsets": [ [ 691, 700 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "Beta cell" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_3630_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 732 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_Beta cell_16", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "beta cell" ], "offsets": [ [ 818, 827 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "Beta cell" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_CVCL_R880;NCBITaxID:304579_17", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "to beta" ], "offsets": [ [ 963, 970 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_R880;NCBITaxID:304579" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_3630_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1027, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_MESH:D000255_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ATP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1083, 1086 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000255" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_-_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cAMP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1088, 1092 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_MESH:D013453_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sulfonylurea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1097, 1109 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013453" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_MESH:D044882_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "glucose-induced insulin secretion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1144, 1177 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D044882" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_MESH:D044882_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "GIIS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1179, 1183 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D044882" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_MESH:D044882_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "GIIS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1227, 1231 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D044882" } ] }, { "id": "22555472_MESH:D005947_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 1255, 1262 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005947" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30180843_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "MiR-21 protected against diabetic cardiomyopathy induced diastolic dysfunction by targeting gelsolin." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 101 ] ] }, { "id": "30180843_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity across the world. Over 50% of deaths among diabetic patients are caused by cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac diastolic dysfunction is one of the key early signs of diabetic cardiomyopathy, which often occurs before systolic dysfunction. However, no drug is currently licensed for its treatment. METHODS: Type 9 adeno-associated virus combined with cardiac Troponin T promoter were employed to manipulate miR-21 expression in the leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice. Cardiac structure and functions were measured by echocardiography and hemodynamic examinations. Primary cardiomyocytes and cardiomyocyte cell lines were used to perform gain/loss-of-function assays in vitro. RESULTS: We observed a significant reduction of miR-21 in the diastolic dysfunctional heart of db/db mice. Remarkably, delivery of miR-21 efficiently protected against the early impairment in cardiac diastolic dysfunction, represented by decreased ROS production, increased bioavailable NO and relieved diabetes-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in db/db mice. Through bioinformatic analysis and Ago2 co-immunoprecipitation, we identified that miR-21 directly targeted gelsolin, a member of the actin-binding proteins, which acted as a transcriptional cofactor in signal transduction. Moreover, down-regulation of gelsolin by siRNA also attenuated the early phase of diabetic cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal a new role of miR-21 in attenuating diabetic cardiomyopathy by targeting gelsolin, and provide a molecular basis for developing a miRNA-based therapy against diabetic cardiomyopathy." ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 1751 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30180843_387140_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MiR-21" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 6 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "387140" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D058065_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic cardiomyopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D058065" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D007022_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diastolic dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 78 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007022" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_227753_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "gelsolin" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 100 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "227753" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D003920_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 122 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D003643_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 154 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D003643_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 199, 205 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D003920_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 220 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 221, 229 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D002318_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiovascular diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 267 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002318" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D007022_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Cardiac diastolic dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 269, 298 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007022" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D058065_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic cardiomyopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 355 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D058065" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D006331_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "systolic dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 383, 403 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006331" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_272636_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "adeno-associated virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 479, 501 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "272636" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_406991_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "miR-21" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 578 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "406991" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_3953_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "leptin receptor" ], "offsets": [ [ 597, 612 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3953" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_10090_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 631, 635 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D004421_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Primary cardiomyocytes" ], "offsets": [ [ 733, 755 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004421" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_387140_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "miR-21" ], "offsets": [ [ 893, 899 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "387140" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D007022_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diastolic dysfunctional" ], "offsets": [ [ 907, 930 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007022" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_10090_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 946, 950 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_387140_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "miR-21" ], "offsets": [ [ 976, 982 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "387140" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D007022_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiac diastolic dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1037, 1066 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007022" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_-_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ROS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1093, 1096 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D003920_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1148, 1156 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D006984_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiomyocyte hypertrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1165, 1190 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006984" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_10090_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1200, 1204 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_239528_27", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ago2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1241, 1245 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "239528" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_387140_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "miR-21" ], "offsets": [ [ 1289, 1295 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "387140" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_227753_29", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "gelsolin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1314, 1322 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "227753" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_227753_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "gelsolin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1459, 1467 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "227753" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D058065_31", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic cardiomyopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1512, 1535 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D058065" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_387140_32", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "miR-21" ], "offsets": [ [ 1583, 1589 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "387140" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D058065_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic cardiomyopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1605, 1628 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D058065" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_227753_34", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "gelsolin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1642, 1650 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "227753" } ] }, { "id": "30180843_MESH:D058065_35", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic cardiomyopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1727, 1750 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D058065" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20785404_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Cyclopropane for Dental Surgery in Children." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 44 ] ] }, { "id": "20785404_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 45 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20785404_MESH:C030797_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cyclopropane" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C030797" } ] }, { "id": "20785404_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Children" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 43 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3388047_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Results of surgically treated acetabular fractures]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 53 ] ] }, { "id": "3388047_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 54 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "3388047_MESH:D050723_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 51 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13612641_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Therapy of thrombosis in obstertrics and gynecology]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 54 ] ] }, { "id": "13612641_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 55 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13612641_MESH:D013927_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 22 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013927" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23772583_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Copper levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 52 ] ] }, { "id": "23772583_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune-based disease of the connective tissue with still unknown etiology. Numerous studies have indicated the association between Copper (Cu) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations and pathogenesis of RA. OBJECTIVE: To compare the concentrations of Cu and Cp in different biological samples and their correlation with the inflammatory process, between a group of patients with RA and a control group of healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study enrolled 74 Caucasian patients (20 men and 54 women), aged 29-50 (mean age 39.8+-6.1 years) diagnosed with RA. The control group consisted of 30 healthy Caucasian individuals. Copper levels were assessed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. RESULTS: Among RA patients the mean Cu level was significantly higher in serum and hair compartments and significantly lower in erythrocytes, compared with the control group (p<0.01). The Cp concentration was also higher in serum of RA patients (p<0.001). A statistically significant, positive correlation between the Cp serum concentration and the ESR values (r(s)=0.38; p<0.007) was found. No significant influence of pharmaceutical treatment (methotrexate, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, calcium, vitamin D3 and sulphasalazine) on serum Cu was found. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that the 'copper status' in patients with RA, based on the measurement of Cu and Cp levels in blood serum is correlated with presence of the inflammatory process. The hair could serve as a useful, additional diagnostic material. Some other factors, different from the applied treatment, can probably influence the Cu levels in patients with RA." ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 1752 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23772583_MESH:D003300_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Copper" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 6 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003300" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 25 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D001172_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rheumatoid arthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 51 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001172" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D001172_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Rheumatoid arthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 87 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001172" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D001172_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "RA" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 91 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001172" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D003300_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Copper" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 248 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003300" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D003300_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cu" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 252 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003300" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_1356_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ceruloplasmin" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 271 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1356" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_1356_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Cp" ], "offsets": [ [ 273, 275 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1356" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D001172_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "RA" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 314 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001172" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D003300_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cu" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 362 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003300" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_1356_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Cp" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 369 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1356" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 474, 482 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D001172_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "RA" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 490 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001172" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 590, 598 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 603, 606 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 614, 619 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D001172_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "RA" ], "offsets": [ [ 675, 677 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001172" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D003300_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Copper" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 750 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003300" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D001172_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "RA" ], "offsets": [ [ 822, 824 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001172" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 833 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D003300_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cu" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 845 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003300" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_1356_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Cp" ], "offsets": [ [ 995, 997 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1356" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D001172_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "RA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1040, 1042 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001172" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_9606_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1043, 1051 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_1356_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Cp" ], "offsets": [ [ 1125, 1127 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1356" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D008727_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methotrexate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1253, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008727" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D002118_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1323, 1330 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D002762_28", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vitamin D3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1332, 1342 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002762" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D012460_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sulphasalazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1347, 1361 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012460" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D003300_30", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cu" ], "offsets": [ [ 1372, 1374 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003300" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D003300_31", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "copper" ], "offsets": [ [ 1418, 1424 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003300" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_9606_32", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1436, 1444 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D001172_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "RA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1450, 1452 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001172" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D003300_34", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cu" ], "offsets": [ [ 1482, 1484 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003300" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_1356_35", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Cp" ], "offsets": [ [ 1489, 1491 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1356" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D003300_36", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cu" ], "offsets": [ [ 1722, 1724 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003300" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_9606_37", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1735, 1743 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23772583_MESH:D001172_38", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "RA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1749, 1751 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001172" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9496496_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Achalasia: a prospective study comparing the results of dilatation and myotomy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 79 ] ] }, { "id": "9496496_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND/AIMS: In a prospective and randomized clinical study, the operative method and dilatation in the initial stage of megaesophagus were evaluated. METHODOLOGY: Forty patients in the initial stage of megaesophagus, managed by forced hydrostatic dilatation of the cardia (20 patients-DILAT Group) or by esophagocardiomyotomy associated with esophagofundopexy (20 patients-Group OP) were followed-up for three years, in terms of clinical, radiographic, endoscopic, manometric and pH monitoring. RESULTS: 1) Both procedures can be performed without significant morbidity or mortality. 2) The two procedures are similar regarding ongoing suppression of dysphagia. 3) Radiologically, the methods are equivalent, since they promote significant elimination of contrast stasis and maintenance of the esophageal diameter. 4) Endoscopic follow-up did not differentiate the procedures in terms of the development of reflux esophagitis, with a rate of only 5% for each group of patients. 5) Manometry demonstrated that surgery produced a significantly greater reduction of the LESP as compared to dilatation, although the latter also determined a marked drop in the maximum basal pressure of the LES. 6) Neither procedure altered the length of the LES. 7) With prolonged esophageal pH monitoring, dilatation demonstrated a greater propensity for reflux as compared to surgery. CONCLUSION: Both methods offer benefits in the treatment of the initial stage of megaesophagus, although esophageal pH monitoring indicates that dilatation provokes a greater index of esophageal acid exposition time." ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 1668 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9496496_MESH:D004931_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Achalasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004931" } ] }, { "id": "9496496_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 254, 262 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9496496_MESH:D002311_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hydrostatic dilatation of the cardia" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 356 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002311" } ] }, { "id": "9496496_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 369 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9496496_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 449, 457 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9496496_MESH:D003680_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dysphagia" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 745 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003680" } ] }, { "id": "9496496_MESH:D005764_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "reflux esophagitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 992, 1010 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005764" } ] }, { "id": "9496496_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1053, 1061 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18198128_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Neuroglobin: enzymatic reduction and oxygen affinity." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 53 ] ] }, { "id": "18198128_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a hexacoordinate globin expressed in the nervous system of vertebrates, involved in neuroprotection. O(2) equilibrium measurements on mouse Ngb yielded significantly different P(50) values, ranging from approximately 2 torr to approximately 10 torr. By a kinetic approach minimizing the effects of protein autoxidation, we measured P(50)=2.2 torr at 20 degrees C. As predicted from the structure, O(2) binds to the Y44D Ngb mutant more quickly (k=2.2s(-1) vs 0.15s(-1)) and with slightly higher affinity (P(50)=1.3 torr) than wild-type. In addition, we introduced a novel reduction protocol for metNgb based on NADH:flavorubredoxin oxidoreductase (FlRd-red) from Escherichia coli, a candidate for the Ngb reducing activity recently identified in E. coli extracts. Interestingly, E. coli FlRd-red shares sequence similarity with the FAD-binding domain of the human apoptosis-inducing factor, a finding which may have unexpected significance with reference to the mechanism of neuroprotection by Ngb." ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 1073 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18198128_MESH:D010100_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 43 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "18198128_58157_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ngb" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 70 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "58157" } ] }, { "id": "18198128_10090_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 209, 214 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "18198128_64242_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ngb" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 218 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "64242" } ] }, { "id": "18198128_tmVar:p|SUB|Y|44|D;HGVS:p.Y44D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:58157_4", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "Y44D" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 494 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|Y|44|D;HGVS:p.Y44D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:58157" } ] }, { "id": "18198128_64242_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ngb" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 498 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "64242" } ] }, { "id": "18198128_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "metNgb" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 676 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "18198128_MESH:D009243_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NADH" ], "offsets": [ [ 686, 690 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009243" } ] }, { "id": "18198128_562_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Escherichia coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 738, 754 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "18198128_58157_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ngb" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 779 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "58157" } ] }, { "id": "18198128_562_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "E. coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 828 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "18198128_562_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "E. coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 861 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "18198128_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 933, 938 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18198128_58157_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ngb" ], "offsets": [ [ 1069, 1072 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "58157" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35186629_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A Modified Rhomboid Flap for Medial Canthal Reconstruction." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 59 ] ] }, { "id": "35186629_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The reconstruction of medial canthal defects is often challenging in achieving continuity of color and texture, obtaining adequate tissue for large defects, and the reproduction of natural external appearance with inconspicuous scars. We describe a technique for reconstruction of the medial canthal area, using a modified rhomboid flap. Methods: The technique is based on the use of a modified rhomboid flap for medial canthal defects-superiorly based on the root of the nose for defects mostly above the medial canthal tendon, inferiorly based on the cheek for defects mostly below the medial canthal tendon, and in cases of large defects, using a combination of the two flaps. We present a case series of five patients successfully reconstructed with the mentioned technique after resection of medial canthal basal cell carcinoma. Results: Of the five patients with a mean age of 76.2 years (range 62-84 years), reconstruction was performed in three patients with a superiorly based rhomboid flap, in one patient with an inferiorly based rhomboid flap, and in another patient with a large defect using a combination of the two flaps. Mean follow-up was 374.4 days (range 30-1247 days). All patients achieved a complete primary closure with no further surgery and satisfactory cosmetic and functional results. Conclusion: The modified rhomboid flap is a simple and reliable technique for all defects of the medial canthal area." ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 1489 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "35186629_MESH:D000070600_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rhomboid flap" ], "offsets": [ [ 383, 396 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000070600" } ] }, { "id": "35186629_MESH:D000070600_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rhomboid flap" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 468 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000070600" } ] }, { "id": "35186629_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 773, 781 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35186629_MESH:D002280_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "canthal basal cell carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 864, 892 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002280" } ] }, { "id": "35186629_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 923 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35186629_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1021 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35186629_MESH:D000070600_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rhomboid flap" ], "offsets": [ [ 1046, 1059 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000070600" } ] }, { "id": "35186629_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1068, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35186629_MESH:D000070600_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rhomboid flap" ], "offsets": [ [ 1101, 1114 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000070600" } ] }, { "id": "35186629_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1131, 1138 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35186629_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1253, 1261 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35186629_MESH:D000070600_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rhomboid flap" ], "offsets": [ [ 1397, 1410 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000070600" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25092849_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "For-profit medicare home health agencies' costs appear higher and quality appears lower compared to nonprofit agencies." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 119 ] ] }, { "id": "25092849_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "For-profit, or proprietary, home health agencies were banned from Medicare until 1980 but now account for a majority of the agencies that provide such services. Medicare home health costs have grown rapidly since the implementation of a risk-based prospective payment system in 2000. We analyzed recent national cost and case-mix-adjusted quality outcomes to assess the performance of for-profit and nonprofit home health agencies. For-profit agencies scored slightly but significantly worse on overall quality indicators compared to nonprofits (77.18 percent and 78.71 percent, respectively). Notably, for-profit agencies scored lower than nonprofits on the clinically important outcome \"avoidance of hospitalization\" (71.64 percent versus 73.53 percent). Scores on quality measures were lowest in the South, where for-profits predominate. Compared to nonprofits, proprietary agencies also had higher costs per patient ($4,827 versus $4,075), were more profitable, and had higher administrative costs. Our findings raise concerns about whether for-profit agencies should continue to be eligible for Medicare payments and about the efficiency of Medicare's market-oriented, risk-based home care payment system." ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 1330 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "25092849_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1032, 1039 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4972264_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The separation of the ribosomal proteins of Streptococcus fecalis by isoelectric focusing. Amino acid composition of the total ribosomal proteins and of an acidic fraction." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 172 ] ] }, { "id": "4972264_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 173 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29282211_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Late Ca2+ Sparks and Ripples During the Systolic Ca2+ Transient in Heart Muscle Cells." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 86 ] ] }, { "id": "29282211_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "RATIONALE: The development of a refractory period for Ca2+ spark initiation after Ca2+ release in cardiac myocytes should inhibit further Ca2+ release during the action potential plateau. However, Ca2+ release sites that did not initially activate or which have prematurely recovered from refractoriness might release Ca2+ later during the action potential and alter the cell-wide Ca2+ transient. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of late Ca2+ spark (LCS) activity in intact isolated cardiac myocytes using fast confocal line scanning with improved confocality and signal to noise. METHODS AND RESULTS: We recorded Ca2+ transients from cardiac ventricular myocytes isolated from rabbit hearts. Action potentials were produced by electric stimulation, and rapid solution changes were used to modify the L-type Ca2+ current. After the upstroke of the Ca2+ transient, LCSs were detected which had increased amplitude compared with diastolic Ca2+ sparks. LCS are triggered by both L-type Ca2+ channel activity during the action potential plateau, as well as by the increase of cytosolic Ca2+ associated with the Ca2+ transient itself. Importantly, a mismatch between sarcoplasmic reticulum load and L-type Ca2+ trigger can increase the number of LCS. The likelihood of triggering an LCS also depends on recovery from refractoriness that appears after prior activation. Consequences of LCS include a reduced rate of decline of the Ca2+ transient and, if frequent, formation of microscopic propagating Ca2+ release events (Ca2+ ripples). Ca2+ ripples resemble Ca2+ waves in terms of local propagation velocity but spread for only a short distance because of limited regeneration. CONCLUSIONS: These new types of Ca2+ signaling behavior extend our understanding of Ca2+-mediated signaling. LCS may provide an arrhythmogenic substrate by slowing the Ca2+ transient decline, as well as by amplifying maintained Ca2+ current effects on intracellular Ca2+ and consequently Na+/Ca2+ exchange current." ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 2083 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 9 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 53 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 145 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 173 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 225, 229 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 288 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 409 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 472 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 538 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 710, 714 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 904, 908 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 944, 948 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1033, 1037 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1079, 1083 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1178, 1182 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1203, 1207 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1297, 1301 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1521, 1525 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1591, 1595 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1612, 1616 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1627, 1631 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1649, 1653 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1801, 1805 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1853, 1857 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1937, 1941 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 1997, 2001 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 2035, 2039 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] }, { "id": "29282211_MESH:D000069285_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ca2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 2061, 2065 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069285" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30563900_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Exoribonuclease-Resistant RNAs Exist within both Coding and Noncoding Subgenomic RNAs." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 86 ] ] }, { "id": "30563900_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Many viruses produce protein-coding and noncoding subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs) that are critical for infection. A recently discovered pathway for viral sgRNA production uses exoribonuclease-resistant RNAs (xrRNAs), discrete folded RNA elements that block the processive exoribonucleolytic degradation of RNA. xrRNAs are widespread in animal-infecting flaviviruses but had been found only in three members of the plant virus genus Dianthovirus Also, xrRNAs had been found only in the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of viral RNAs, where they produce noncoding sgRNAs. The degree to which xrRNA elements exist in other viruses, the conservation of their ring-like fold, and the ability of xrRNAs to operate in diverse contexts were unknown. Using computational tools and biochemical assays, we discovered xrRNA elements pervading two large families of plant-infecting RNA viruses, demonstrating their importance and widespread utility. Comparison of the sequences and functional requirements suggests that all adopt the characteristic ring-like fold. Unexpectedly, many of these newly discovered xrRNAs are located in intergenic regions rather than 3 UTRs, and some are associated with the 5' ends of subgenomic RNAs that encode viral proteins. This suggests that xrRNAs are involved in the production of both coding and noncoding subgenomic RNAs and can operate as part of broader mechanisms to regulate RNA levels and protein expression. These discoveries expand the potential roles for xrRNAs and suggest that xrRNAs may represent a more general strategy for RNA maturation and maintenance than previously known.IMPORTANCE During infection, viruses often produce subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs) that either serve as the template for protein synthesis or act as \"riboregulators\" that interact with and influence the viral and cellular machinery. Recently, a mechanism for producing sgRNAs was found that depends on the presence of specifically structured RNA elements (xrRNAs). However, the degree to which this mechanism is used, where the elements are found, their structural diversity, and what types of sgRNAs are produced by this pathway were unclear. This article describes the discovery of these structured RNA elements in two large families of plant viruses and shows that they are used to produce both protein-coding sgRNAs and \"riboregulatory\" RNAs. These discoveries provide evidence that xrRNA-based RNA maturation pathways may be more widespread than previously anticipated and that they are involved in producing a variety of RNAs of diverse functions." ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 2643 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30563900_MESH:D007239_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "30563900_MESH:D007239_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1715, 1724 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2481992_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Biochemical characterization of activation-associated bovine class I major histocompatibility complex antigens." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 111 ] ] }, { "id": "2481992_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Utilizing a 'sandwich' ELISA assay we have been able to demonstrate that mAb W6/32, B1G6 and IL-A19 are reactive with three different monomorphic determinants on bovine class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Sequential immunoprecipitations performed with the mAb revealed that class I molecules on PBM comprise a single population with respect to reactivity with the mAb in that the beta 2m-associated proteins bear all three epitopes. By contrast, TCGF-driven lymphoblasts and cells transformed by Theileria parva (Tp) additionally express molecules of Mr 45000 bound to beta 2m which are recognized by mAb B1G6 and IL-A19 but not by W6/32. These two subclasses of molecules were further distinguished on the basis that, when tunicamycin was added to cultures in the preparation of cells for analysis, mAb W6/32 precipitated class I heavy chains of Mr 39000 while the extra molecules detected only by mAb B1G6 and IL-A19 were of Mr 37000 and 39000. On thymocytes, the mAb W6/32-non-reactive class I molecules are present in low amounts and are expressed by cells in the medulla area, unlike BoT1 (analogous to human CD1) molecules which are expressed by the cortical cells. Our studies also revealed that the supposed beta 2m-specific mAb B1G6 does not recognize the beta 2m-associated molecules (BoT1) precipitated by mAb TH97A and thus the specificity of mAb B1G6 in cattle is for an epitope on bovine beta 2m which is strongly influenced by the nature of the heavy chain with which the beta 2m is associated." ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 1643 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2481992_9913_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "bovine" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 60 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "2481992_9913_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "bovine" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 280 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "2481992_MESH:C009924_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PBM" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 432 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C009924" } ] }, { "id": "2481992_513856_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "beta 2m" ], "offsets": [ [ 514, 521 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "513856" } ] }, { "id": "2481992_5875_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Theileria parva" ], "offsets": [ [ 630, 645 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "5875" } ] }, { "id": "2481992_5875_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Tp" ], "offsets": [ [ 647, 649 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "5875" } ] }, { "id": "2481992_513856_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "beta 2m" ], "offsets": [ [ 703, 710 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "513856" } ] }, { "id": "2481992_MESH:D014415_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "tunicamycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 858, 869 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014415" } ] }, { "id": "2481992_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1242, 1247 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "2481992_910_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CD1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1248, 1251 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "910" } ] }, { "id": "2481992_513856_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "beta 2m" ], "offsets": [ [ 1350, 1357 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "513856" } ] }, { "id": "2481992_513856_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "beta 2m" ], "offsets": [ [ 1399, 1406 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "513856" } ] }, { "id": "2481992_9913_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "cattle" ], "offsets": [ [ 1501, 1507 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "2481992_9913_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "bovine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1529, 1535 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "2481992_513856_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "beta 2m" ], "offsets": [ [ 1536, 1543 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "513856" } ] }, { "id": "2481992_513856_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "beta 2m" ], "offsets": [ [ 1621, 1628 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "513856" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7369044_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "In vitro and in vivo effects of antihypertensive drugs on PG metabolism in different organs." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 92 ] ] }, { "id": "7369044_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 93 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7369044_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "PG" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 60 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14867508_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Animal experiments on an allergotuberculous myocarditis]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 58 ] ] }, { "id": "14867508_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 59 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "14867508_MESH:D009205_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "allergotuberculous myocarditis" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 56 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009205" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11148050_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Non-oxidative mechanisms are responsible for the induction of mutagenesis by reduction of Cr(VI) with cysteine: role of ternary DNA adducts in Cr(III)-dependent mutagenesis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 173 ] ] }, { "id": "11148050_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Intracellular reduction of carcinogenic Cr(VI) generates Cr-DNA adducts formed through the coordination of Cr(III) to DNA phosphates (phosphotriester-type adduct). Here, we examined the role of Cr(III)-DNA adducts in mutagenesis induced by metabolism of Cr(VI) with cysteine. Reduction of Cr(VI) caused a strong oxidation of 2', 7'-dichlorofluoroscin (DCFH) and extensive Cr-DNA binding but no DNA breakage. Cr-DNA adducts induced unwinding of supercoiled plasmids and structural distortions in the DNA helix as detected by decreased ethidium bromide binding. Propagation of Cr-treated pSP189 plasmids in human fibroblasts led to a dose-dependent formation of the supF mutants and inhibition of replication. Blocking of Cr(III)-DNA binding by occupation of DNA phosphates with Mg(2+) or by sequestration of Cr(III) by inorganic phosphate or EDTA eliminated mutagenic responses and restored a normal yield of replicated plasmids. Dissociation of Cr(III) from DNA by a phosphate-based reversal procedure returned mutation frequency to background levels. The mutagenic responses at the different phases of the reduction reaction were unrelated to the amount of reduced Cr(VI) but reflected the number and the spectrum of Cr(III)-DNA adducts that were formed. Ternary cysteine-Cr(III)-DNA adducts were approximately 4-5 times more mutagenic than binary Cr(III)-DNA adducts. Although intermediate reaction products (CrV/IV, thiyl radicals) were capable of oxidizing DCFH, they were insufficiently reactive to damage DNA. Single-base substitutions at G/C pairs were the predominant type of Cr-induced mutations. The majority of mutations occurred at the sites where G had adjacent purine in the 3' or 5' position. Overall, our results present the first evidence that Cr(III)-DNA adducts play the dominant role in the mutagenicity caused by the metabolism of Cr(VI) by a biological reducing agent." ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 2064 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11148050_MESH:C074702_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr(VI)" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C074702" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D003545_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 110 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003545" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr(III)" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 150 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D063646_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinogenic Cr" ], "offsets": [ [ 201, 216 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D063646" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D002857_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 233 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002857" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D002857_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr" ], "offsets": [ [ 281, 283 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002857" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D010710_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phosphates" ], "offsets": [ [ 296, 306 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010710" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr(III)" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 375 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:C074702_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr(VI)" ], "offsets": [ [ 428, 434 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C074702" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D003545_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 440, 448 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003545" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D002857_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr" ], "offsets": [ [ 582, 584 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002857" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D004996_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethidium bromide" ], "offsets": [ [ 708, 724 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004996" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D002857_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr" ], "offsets": [ [ 749, 751 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002857" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 779, 784 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D002857_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr" ], "offsets": [ [ 894, 896 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002857" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D010710_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phosphates" ], "offsets": [ [ 935, 945 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010710" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D008274_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 953 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008274" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_-_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr(III)" ], "offsets": [ [ 981, 988 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D010710_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1002, 1011 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010710" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D004492_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "EDTA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1015, 1019 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004492" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_-_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr(III)" ], "offsets": [ [ 1119, 1126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D010710_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1141, 1150 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010710" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D002857_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr" ], "offsets": [ [ 1340, 1342 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002857" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D002857_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr(" ], "offsets": [ [ 1392, 1395 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002857" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_-_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cysteine-Cr" ], "offsets": [ [ 1438, 1449 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D002857_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr" ], "offsets": [ [ 1523, 1525 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002857" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_-_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "thiyl radicals" ], "offsets": [ [ 1593, 1607 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_-_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DCFH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1635, 1639 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D000309_28", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "insufficiently" ], "offsets": [ [ 1651, 1665 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000309" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:D002857_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr" ], "offsets": [ [ 1758, 1760 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002857" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:C030985_30", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "purine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1849, 1855 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C030985" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_-_31", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr(III)" ], "offsets": [ [ 1935, 1942 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "11148050_MESH:C074702_32", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cr(VI)" ], "offsets": [ [ 2026, 2032 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C074702" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5219813_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Spin-labeled biomolecules." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 26 ] ] }, { "id": "5219813_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 27 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "5219813_10927_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Spin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 4 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10927" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7729648_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Colonic obstruction secondary to sarcoidosis: nonsurgical diagnosis and management." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 83 ] ] }, { "id": "7729648_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A 57-year-old black man presented with a 2-week history of abdominal pain, weight loss, anorexia, and constipation. His history was significant for remote Hodgkin's disease and systemic sarcoidosis. Physical examination showed abdominal distention and hyperactive bowel sounds, periorbital swelling, and mandibular lymphadenopathy. A barium enema examination showed two high-grade obstructive lesions in the rectum and splenic flexure. Colonoscopy confirmed the presence of the two areas of colonic obstruction. The mucosa showed diffuse fine ulcerations in the areas of obstruction as well as in the intervening region. Endoscopic biopsy specimens showed numerous mucosal noncaseating granulomas but no acid-fast bacilli or foreign bodies. The patient was treated with oral prednisone and improved symptomatically within 3 days. The ocular lesions and lymphadenopathy also responded promptly. Findings of follow-up barium enema and colonoscopy performed after 1 month of steroid treatment were essentially normal. Mucosal biopsy specimens showed only mild nonspecific chronic inflammation of the lamina propria and no granulomas. Colonic involvement is rarely reported with systemic sarcoidosis. We believe that this is the first report of colonic obstruction due to sarcoid diagnosed endoscopically and managed nonsurgically." ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 1411 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7729648_MESH:D003112_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Colonic obstruction" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 19 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003112" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D012507_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sarcoidosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 44 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012507" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D015746_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "abdominal pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 157 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015746" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D015431_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 170 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015431" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D000855_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "anorexia" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 180 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000855" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D003248_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "constipation" ], "offsets": [ [ 186, 198 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003248" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D006689_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hodgkin's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 256 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006689" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:C535814_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "systemic sarcoidosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 281 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C535814" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D006948_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hyperactive bowel" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 353 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006948" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D004487_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "swelling" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 382 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004487" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D008206_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lymphadenopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 399, 414 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008206" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D001464_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "barium" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 424 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001464" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D003112_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "colonic obstruction" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 594 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003112" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D000402_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "obstruction" ], "offsets": [ [ 655, 666 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000402" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D006099_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "granulomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 770, 780 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006099" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 829, 836 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D011241_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 859, 869 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011241" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D008206_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lymphadenopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 937, 952 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008206" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D001464_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "barium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1000, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001464" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D013256_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "steroid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1056, 1063 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013256" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D007249_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1161, 1173 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D006099_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "granulomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 1203, 1213 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006099" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D003108_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Colonic involvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1215, 1234 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003108" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:C535814_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "systemic sarcoidosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1259, 1279 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C535814" } ] }, { "id": "7729648_MESH:D003112_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "colonic obstruction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1325, 1344 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003112" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9159545_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Rheumatology out-patient workload increases inexorably." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 55 ] ] }, { "id": "9159545_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Rheumatology out-patient consultations in the south-west of England from 1 to 30 November 1994 were recorded by standard methods and compared to 1988, 1990, 1991 and 1992. Historical records at one centre provided additional detailed information. There has been an overall increase of 31% in the number of patients seen (30% for follow-up cases, 36% for new referrals), but the mean waiting time for new patient consultations increased from 65 to 108 days. The proportion of new patient consultations with non-arthritic diseases increased by 8.2%, and those with rheumatoid arthritis and polyarthritis decreased by 9.0%. Variation in discharge rates and length of follow-up appointments occurred, but mostly in uncommon diagnostic categories. Referral rates have been rising faster since the introduction of National Health Service reforms than can be accommodated by the increased workload undertaken." ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 958 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9159545_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 24 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9159545_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 80 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9159545_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 362, 370 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9159545_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 460, 467 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9159545_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 542 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9159545_MESH:D015535_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arthritic diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 566, 584 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015535" } ] }, { "id": "9159545_MESH:D001172_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rheumatoid arthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 619, 639 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001172" } ] }, { "id": "9159545_MESH:D001168_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "polyarthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 644, 657 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001168" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32079360_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Single-Shot Structured Light Sensor for 3D Dense and Dynamic Reconstruction." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 76 ] ] }, { "id": "32079360_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Structured light (SL) has a trade-off between acquisition time and spatial resolution. Temporally coded SL can produce a 3D reconstruction with high density, yet it is not applicable to dynamic reconstruction. On the contrary, spatially coded SL works with a single shot, but it can only achieve sparse reconstruction. This paper aims to achieve accurate 3D dense and dynamic reconstruction at the same time. A speckle-based SL sensor is presented, which consists of two cameras and a diffractive optical element (DOE) projector. The two cameras record images synchronously. First, a speckle pattern was elaborately designed and projected. Second, a high-accuracy calibration method was proposed to calibrate the system; meanwhile, the stereo images were accurately aligned by developing an optimized epipolar rectification algorithm. Then, an improved semi-global matching (SGM) algorithm was proposed to improve the correctness of the stereo matching, through which a high-quality depth map was achieved. Finally, dense point clouds could be recovered from the depth map. The DOE projector was designed with a size of 8 mm x 8 mm. The baseline between stereo cameras was controlled to be below 50 mm. Experimental results validated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Compared with some other single-shot 3D systems, our system displayed a better performance. At close range, such as 0.4 m, our system could achieve submillimeter accuracy." ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 1527 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29208836_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Clinical outcomes in traumatic pseudophacocele: A rare clinical entity." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 71 ] ] }, { "id": "29208836_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcomes in patients with traumatic pseudophacocele. METHODS: In this retrospective, interventional case series, scleral wound repair with pars plana vitrectomy and glued intrascleral fixation of an intraocular lens (glued IOL) was performed in 5 eyes of 5 patients. Pupilloplasty was performed in 3 cases whereas aniridia glued IOL fixation was done in 1 case that had total avulsion and loss of iris tissue. The main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraoperative and postoperative complications during the entire follow-up period. RESULTS: The preoperative vision ranged from hand movement to perception of light in all the patients. The mean postoperative BCVA was 0.42 +- 0.21 Snellen's decimal equivalent (SDE) at final follow-up. Postoperatively, all the cases retained good visual acuity with case 1 and case 2 reporting 0.5 SDE, case 3 had 0.33 SDE, case 5 had 0.67 SDE whereas case 4 had a final visual acuity limited to 0.1 SDE due to associated corneal opacity. The mean follow-up period was 20.2 +- 11.7 months (range from 9 months to 36 months). The IOL was well centered, all the wounds were well apposed and the mean postoperative intraocular pressure was 14.6 +- 1.95 mm Hg. No complications were reported in the entire follow-up period. CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes of management of pseudophacocele were encouraging with retention of reasonably good visual potential in all cases." ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 1565 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29208836_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 155 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29208836_MESH:D009798_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "intraocular" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 345 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009798" } ] }, { "id": "29208836_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 392, 400 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29208836_MESH:D014084_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "avulsion" ], "offsets": [ [ 511, 519 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014084" } ] }, { "id": "29208836_MESH:D007499_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "loss of iris" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 536 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007499" } ] }, { "id": "29208836_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 789, 797 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29208836_MESH:D003318_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "corneal opacity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1119, 1134 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003318" } ] }, { "id": "29208836_MESH:D009798_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "intraocular" ], "offsets": [ [ 1309, 1320 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009798" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1057405_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Ureterostomy-in-situ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 21 ] ] }, { "id": "1057405_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A simple operation is described, which in the presence of upper urinary tract obstruction is under certain conditions an alternative to nephrostomy, and which may be modified for use in conjunction with conservative upper urinary tract surgery." ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 266 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1057405_MESH:D012141_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "upper urinary tract obstruction" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012141" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11788640_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The role of prior pubertal development, biochemical markers of testicular maturation, and genetics in elucidating the phenotypic heterogeneity of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 187 ] ] }, { "id": "11788640_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "As our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) expands, it becomes increasingly important to define the phenotypic spectrum of IHH. In this study we examined historical, clinical, biochemical, histological, and genetic features in 78 men with IHH to gain further insight into the phenotypic heterogeneity of the syndrome. We hypothesized that at least some of the spectrum of phenotypes could be explained by placing the disorder into a developmental and genetic context. Thirty-eight percent of the population had Kallmann syndrome (KS; IHH with anosmia), 54% had normosmic IHH, and 8% had acquired IHH after completion of puberty. Phenotypically, KS represented the most severe subtype (87% with complete absence of any history or signs of spontaneous pubertal development), normosmic IHH displayed the most heterogeneity (41% with some evidence of spontaneous puberty), and acquired IHH after completion of puberty clustered at the mildest end (all had complete puberty). Classification based on historical or clinical evidence of prior pubertal development, rather than the presence or absence of sense of smell, served to distinguish the population more clearly with respect to other clinical and biochemical features. Comparing IHH patients according to the absence (68%) or presence (24%) of some prior pubertal development revealed significant differences in testicular size (3.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 11.8 +/- 1.2 ml; P < 0.001), incidence of cryptorchidism (40% vs. 5%; P < 0.05), microphallus (21% vs. 0%; P < 0.05), inhibin B levels (45 +/- 4 vs. 144 +/- 20 pg/ml; P < 0.0001), and Mullerian inhibitory substance levels (9.8 +/- 1.4 vs. 2 +/- 0.5 ng/ml). Most familial cases had no pubertal development (95% vs. 5%; P < 0.001); males with mutations in the KAL gene displayed the most severe phenotype. Mean gonadotropins levels (LH, 1.8 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.4 IU/liter; FSH, 2.2 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.3 IU/liter; P < 0.05) and the finding of apulsatile LH secretion based on frequent sampling (80% vs. 55%; P < 0.05) were statistically different between patients lacking and those exhibiting partial pubertal development, but the overlap was extensive. The use of clinical parameters (presence or absence of some evidence of prior pubertal development, cryptorchidism, and microphallus), biochemical markers of testicular growth and differentiation (inhibin B and Mullerian inhibitory substance), and genetic evidence provides insight into the time of onset and the severity of GnRH deficiency. Viewing IHH in the full context of its developmental, genetic, and biochemical complexity permits greatest insight into its phenotypic variability." ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 2889 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11788640_MESH:C562785_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 186 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562785" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:C562785_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 284 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562785" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:C562785_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IHH" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 289 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562785" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:C562785_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IHH" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 374 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562785" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 481 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:C562785_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IHH" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 490 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562785" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:D017436_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Kallmann syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 759, 776 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017436" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:D017436_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "KS" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 780 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017436" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:C562785_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IHH" ], "offsets": [ [ 782, 785 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562785" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:D000857_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "anosmia" ], "offsets": [ [ 791, 798 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000857" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:C562785_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IHH" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 822 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562785" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:C562785_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IHH" ], "offsets": [ [ 844, 847 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562785" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:D017436_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "KS" ], "offsets": [ [ 893, 895 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017436" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:C562785_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IHH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1031, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562785" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:C562785_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IHH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1130, 1133 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562785" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:C562785_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IHH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1478, 1481 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562785" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1482, 1490 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:D003456_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cryptorchidism" ], "offsets": [ [ 1686, 1700 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003456" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_3730_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "KAL" ], "offsets": [ [ 2002, 2005 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3730" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2301, 2309 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:D003456_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cryptorchidism" ], "offsets": [ [ 2500, 2514 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003456" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:D007153_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "GnRH deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 2725, 2740 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007153" } ] }, { "id": "11788640_MESH:C562785_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "IHH" ], "offsets": [ [ 2750, 2753 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562785" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23971521_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Relationships between transtheoretical model stages of change, decisional balance, self-efficacy, and physical activity level among Nigerian market vendors." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 156 ] ] }, { "id": "23971521_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: This study explored decisional balance, self-efficacy, and physical activity (PA) level in relation to stages of change (SoC) for PA among Nigerian vendors. The study explored associations among decisional balance, self-efficacy, and PA level, and examined differences, by stage, in decisional balance, self-efficacy, and PA level. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Outdoor markets located in Eke Amobi, Nkwo, and Okpuno Egbu in Nnewi, southeastern Nigeria. SUBJECTS: Participants were 499 market vendors (98 males and 401 females). MEASURES: Self-efficacy, perceived barrier and benefit, PA level, and SoC for PA. ANALYSIS: Spearman rank-order and partial correlations; analysis of variance by gender with Bonferroni post hoc adjustment. RESULTS: Self-efficacy (r = 0.69; p = 0.000), perceived benefit (r = .12; p = .007), and perceived barrier (r = -.11; p = .017) for PA were related to the SoC. Adjusting for age, gender, and marital status, only self-efficacy (r = .48; p = .000) remained correlated with the SoC. In males, significant differences in perceived barrier (p = .003) and benefit (p = .003) lay between stages of contemplation and preparation and between stages of precontemplation and contemplation for self-efficacy (p = .006). In females, there were significance differences in self-efficacy across stages of precontemplation and contemplation (p = .000) and preparation and action (p = .007). CONCLUSION: When designing PA interventions, age, gender, and marital status should be considered in explaining the relationships between outcome constructs of transtheoretical model (TTM) and SoC in vendors. It is also important to note that the stages at which outcome constructs of TTM change during PA interventions vary in males and females." ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 1933 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23971521_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 653 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "36216996_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Perlecan Improves Blood Spinal Cord Barrier Repair Through the Integrin beta1/ROCK/MLC Pathway After Spinal Cord Injury." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 120 ] ] }, { "id": "36216996_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to the destruction of the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), causing various inflammatory cytokines, neutrophils, and macrophages to infiltrate the lesion area, resulting in secondary injury. Basement membranes (BMs) are maintained by all types of cells in the BSCB and contribute to BSCB maintenance. Perlecan is an important constituent of vascular BMs, maintaining vascular integrity and neuroprotection. However, it is not clear whether Perlecan is involved in BSCB repair after SCI. In this study, we found that Perlecan was specifically expressed in the BMs in the spinal cord and underwent degradation/remodeling after SCI. Subsequently, a CRISPR/Cas9-based SAM system was used to overexpress Perlecan in the injured spinal cord, resulting in significantly enhanced locomotor recovery and neural regeneration. Overexpression of Perlecan reduced BSCB permeability along with the neuroinflammatory response. Interestingly, Perlecan inhibited stress fiber formation by interacting with integrin beta1 and inhibiting downstream ROCK/MLC signaling, resulting in reduced tight junctions (TJs) disassembly and improved BSCB integrity. Furthermore, the integrin receptor antagonist GRGDSP abolished the effects of Perlecan overexpression on BSCB permeability and TJs integrity. Overall, our findings suggest that Perlecan reduces BSCB permeability and the neuroinflammatory response by interacting with integrin beta1 and inhibiting the downstream ROCK/MLC pathway to promote neurological recovery after SCI." ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 1661 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "36216996_3688_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Integrin beta1" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 77 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3688" } ] }, { "id": "36216996_MESH:D013119_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Spinal Cord Injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 119 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013119" } ] }, { "id": "36216996_MESH:D013119_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Spinal cord injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 139 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013119" } ] }, { "id": "36216996_MESH:D060085_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "secondary injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 328, 344 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D060085" } ] }, { "id": "36216996_3688_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "integrin beta1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1144, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3688" } ] }, { "id": "36216996_3688_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "integrin beta1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1556, 1570 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3688" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3592432_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Lactic acidosis and bicarbonate therapy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 40 ] ] }, { "id": "3592432_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 41 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "3592432_MESH:D000140_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Lactic acidosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 15 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000140" } ] }, { "id": "3592432_MESH:D001639_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "bicarbonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 31 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001639" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10373224_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Mechanistic differences of various AT1-receptor blockers in isolated vessels of different origin." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 97 ] ] }, { "id": "10373224_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The functional inhibitory characteristics of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARB) candesartan; irbesartan; and losartan and its active metabolite EXP 3174 (EXP) were studied in rabbit aortic strips and rat portal vein preparations in vitro. Moreover, plasma-protein binding was determined, and the binding was high (>98. 5%) for all ARBs. These values were needed to relate the concentrations of the ARBs used in vitro to the nonprotein bound concentrations in clinical use. In both vascular preparations, candesartan caused a marked decrease in the maximal contractile response of the angiotensin II (Ang II) concentration-response curve. Losartan, EXP, and irbesartan caused a rightward parallel shift without any major effects on the maximal response to Ang II. The inhibitory effect of candesartan developed slowly (maximal effect after >30 minutes) and lasted >2 hours despite repeated washing of the vessels. The effect of losartan, irbesartan, and EXP had a faster onset, and most of the inhibitory effect disappeared after washing. The duration of the inhibitory effects of the ARBs were not related to lipophilicity of the compounds. Cooling of the rat portal vein preparations to 4 degrees C before administration of candesartan prevented the persistent inhibition of Ang II response seen at 37 degrees C. For the other ARBs studied, the magnitude of inhibition and the speed of recovery of the Ang II response were independent of the incubation temperature before washing. In addition, when candesartan was given to conscious rats, the inhibitory effect on Ang II-induced blood pressure responses persisted during the 24-hour period despite nondetectable plasma concentrations of candesartan at 24 hours. It is concluded that functional inhibitory characteristics of candesartan differ from those of the other ARBs tested. At clinically relevant concentrations, candesartan is an insurmountable and long-lasting antagonist of the vascular contractile responses to Ang II." ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 2093 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10373224_MESH:C081643_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "candesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 204 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C081643" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_MESH:D000077405_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "irbesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 216 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077405" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_MESH:D019808_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "losartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 222, 230 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019808" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_10116_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 313, 316 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_MESH:C081643_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "candesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 628 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C081643" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_24179_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "angiotensin II" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 711 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24179" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_24179_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ang II" ], "offsets": [ [ 713, 719 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24179" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_MESH:D019808_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Losartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 751, 759 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019808" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "EXP" ], "offsets": [ [ 761, 764 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_MESH:D000077405_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "irbesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 770, 780 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077405" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_24179_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ang II" ], "offsets": [ [ 868, 874 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24179" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_MESH:C081643_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "candesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 912 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C081643" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_MESH:D019808_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "losartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1040, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019808" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_MESH:D000077405_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "irbesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1060 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077405" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_10116_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 1269, 1272 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_MESH:C081643_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "candesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1338, 1349 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C081643" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_24179_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ang II" ], "offsets": [ [ 1389, 1395 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24179" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_24179_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ang II" ], "offsets": [ [ 1516, 1522 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24179" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_MESH:C081643_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "candesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1613, 1624 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C081643" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_10116_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 1648, 1652 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_24179_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ang II" ], "offsets": [ [ 1679, 1685 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24179" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_MESH:C081643_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "candesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1802, 1813 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C081643" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_MESH:C081643_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "candesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1889, 1900 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C081643" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_MESH:C081643_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "candesartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1984, 1995 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C081643" } ] }, { "id": "10373224_24179_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Ang II" ], "offsets": [ [ 2086, 2092 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24179" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7059563_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A model for zinc metabolism in sheep given a diet of hay." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 57 ] ] }, { "id": "7059563_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "1. Four pairs of Scottish Blackface ewes were given a basal diet of hay, providing 8 mg zinc/d, and one of four levels of supplementary Zn (0,75, 150 or 225 mg/d) continuously by intraruminal infusion. 2. 65Zn (59 microCi) was given intravenously after stabilization for 14 d and the changes in specific radioactivity (SR) of plasma and faeces were monitored for a further 10 and 13 d respectively. The faecal endogenous losses and absorption of Zn were estimated, using the principle of isotope dilution, by two methods using the whole or latter parts of SR:time curves. 3. Faecal endogenous losses were estimated by the part area method to be 4.9, 6.4, 5.1 and 6.3 +/- 0.35 mg/d at 0, 75, 150 and 225 mg supplemental Zn/d i.e. largely unaffected by Zn intake and averaging 0.11 mg/kg live weight (LW). The whole area method gave similar results. 4. Urinary excretion was negligible (probably less than 0.2 mg/d) for all sheep. 5. The amount of Zn absorbed was assumed to equal the irreversible loss of Zn under steady-state conditions and found to remain constant at 7.6 +/- 0.39 and 10.3 +/- 0.6 mg/d when calculated by \"whole' and \"part area' methods. Zn retention did not increase with Zn intake and homoeostasis was achieved primarily by control of Zn absorption which fell from 0.75 to 0.03 or from 0.96 to 0.05 of intake, depending on method of calculation, as intakes increased." ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 1445 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7059563_9940_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "sheep" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9940" } ] }, { "id": "7059563_MESH:D015032_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Zn" ], "offsets": [ [ 194, 196 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015032" } ] }, { "id": "7059563_MESH:D015032_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Zn" ], "offsets": [ [ 504, 506 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015032" } ] }, { "id": "7059563_MESH:D015032_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Zn" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 779 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015032" } ] }, { "id": "7059563_MESH:D015032_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Zn" ], "offsets": [ [ 809, 811 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015032" } ] }, { "id": "7059563_9940_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "sheep" ], "offsets": [ [ 980, 985 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9940" } ] }, { "id": "7059563_MESH:D015032_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Zn" ], "offsets": [ [ 1004, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015032" } ] }, { "id": "7059563_MESH:D015032_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Zn" ], "offsets": [ [ 1062, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015032" } ] }, { "id": "7059563_MESH:D015032_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Zn" ], "offsets": [ [ 1214, 1216 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015032" } ] }, { "id": "7059563_MESH:D015032_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Zn" ], "offsets": [ [ 1249, 1251 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015032" } ] }, { "id": "7059563_MESH:D015032_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Zn" ], "offsets": [ [ 1313, 1315 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015032" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25676898_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Handheld photoacoustic probe to detect both melanoma depth and volume at high speed in vivo." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 92 ] ] }, { "id": "25676898_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We applied a linear-array-based photoacoustic probe to detect melanin-containing melanoma tumor depth and volume in nude mice in vivo. This system can image melanomas at five frames per second (fps), which is much faster than our previous handheld single transducer system (0.1 fps). We first theoretically show that, in addition to the higher frame rate, almost the entire boundary of the melanoma can be detected by the linear-array-based probe, while only the horizontal boundary could be detected by the previous system. Then we demonstrate the ability of this linear-array-based system in measuring both the depth and volume of melanoma through phantom, ex vivo, and in vivo experiments. The volume detection ability also enables us to accurately calculate the rate of growth of the tumor, which is an important parameter in quantifying the tumor activity. Our results show that this system can be used for clinical melanoma diagnosis and treatment in humans at the bedside. Linear-array-based PA images of melanoma acquired in vivo on day 3 (a) and day 6 (b)." ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 1158 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "25676898_MESH:D008545_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "melanoma depth" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 58 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008545" } ] }, { "id": "25676898_MESH:D008543_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "melanin" ], "offsets": [ [ 155, 162 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008543" } ] }, { "id": "25676898_MESH:D008545_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "melanoma tumor depth" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 194 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008545" } ] }, { "id": "25676898_10090_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "nude mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 209, 218 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "25676898_MESH:D008545_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "melanomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 259 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008545" } ] }, { "id": "25676898_MESH:D008545_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "melanoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 491 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008545" } ] }, { "id": "25676898_MESH:D008545_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "melanoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 734 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008545" } ] }, { "id": "25676898_MESH:D009369_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 881, 886 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "25676898_MESH:D009369_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 939, 944 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "25676898_MESH:D008545_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "melanoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1014, 1022 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008545" } ] }, { "id": "25676898_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1056 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25676898_MESH:D008545_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "melanoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1105, 1113 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008545" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22362401_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Reactive hyperemia is not responsible for stimulating muscle protein synthesis following blood flow restriction exercise." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 121 ] ] }, { "id": "22362401_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Blood flow restriction (BFR) to contracting skeletal muscle during low-intensity resistance exercise training increases muscle strength and size in humans. However, the mechanism(s) underlying these effects are largely unknown. We have previously shown that mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and muscle protein synthesis (MPS) are stimulated following an acute bout of BFR exercise. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that reactive hyperemia is the mechanism responsible for stimulating mTORC1 signaling and MPS following BFR exercise. Six young men (24 +- 2 yr) were used in a randomized crossover study consisting of two exercise trials: low-intensity resistance exercise with BFR (BFR trial) and low-intensity resistance exercise with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a pharmacological vasodilator infusion into the femoral artery immediately after exercise to simulate the reactive hyperemia response after BFR exercise (SNP trial). Postexercise mixed-muscle fractional synthetic rate from the vastus lateralis increased by 49% in the BFR trial (P < 0.05) with no change in the SNP trial (P > 0.05). BFR exercise increased the phosphorylation of mTOR, S6 kinase 1, ribosomal protein S6, ERK1/2, and Mnk1-interacting kinase 1 (P < 0.05) with no changes in mTORC1 signaling in the SNP trial (P > 0.05). We conclude that reactive hyperemia is not a primary mechanism for BFR exercise-induced mTORC1 signaling and MPS. Further research is necessary to elucidate the cellular mechanism(s) responsible for the increase in mTOR signaling, MPS, and hypertrophy following acute and chronic BFR exercise." ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 1758 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22362401_MESH:D006940_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Reactive hyperemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 18 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006940" } ] }, { "id": "22362401_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 276 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22362401_382056_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mTORC1" ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 427 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "382056" } ] }, { "id": "22362401_MESH:D006940_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hyperemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 597, 606 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006940" } ] }, { "id": "22362401_382056_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mTORC1" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 658 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "382056" } ] }, { "id": "22362401_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 714 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22362401_MESH:D009599_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium nitroprusside" ], "offsets": [ [ 903, 923 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009599" } ] }, { "id": "22362401_MESH:D006940_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hyperemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1046, 1055 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006940" } ] }, { "id": "22362401_2475_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mTOR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1310, 1314 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2475" } ] }, { "id": "22362401_6194_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ribosomal protein S6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1329, 1349 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6194" } ] }, { "id": "22362401_5595;5594_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ERK1/2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1351, 1357 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5595;5594" } ] }, { "id": "22362401_382056_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mTORC1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1419, 1425 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "382056" } ] }, { "id": "22362401_MESH:D006940_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hyperemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1491, 1500 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006940" } ] }, { "id": "22362401_382056_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mTORC1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1553, 1559 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "382056" } ] }, { "id": "22362401_2475_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "mTOR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1680, 1684 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2475" } ] }, { "id": "22362401_MESH:D006984_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1705, 1716 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006984" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29146623_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Variations in rotation of the aortic root and membranous septum with implications for transcatheter valve implantation." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 119 ] ] }, { "id": "29146623_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: It is intuitive to suggest that knowledge of the variation in the anatomy of the aortic root may influence the outcomes of transcatheter implantation of the aortic valve (TAVI). We have now assessed such variation. METHODS: We used 26 specimens of normal hearts and 78 CT data sets of adults with a mean age of 64+-15 years to measure the dimensions of the membranous septum and to assess any influence played by rotation of the aortic root, inferring the relationship to the atrioventricular conduction axis. RESULTS: The aortic root was positioned centrally in the majority of both cohorts, although with significant variability. For the cadaveric hearts, 14 roots were central (54%), 4 clockwise-rotated (15%) and 8 counterclockwise-rotated (31%). In the adult CT cohort, 44 were central (56%), 21 clockwise-rotated (27%) and 13 counterclockwise-rotated (17%). A mean angle of 15.5 was measured relative to the right fibrous trigone in the adult CT cohort, with a range of -32 to 44.7 . The dimensions of the membranous septum were independent of rotation. Fibrous continuity between the membranous septum and the right fibrous trigone increased with counterclockwise to clockwise rotation, implying variation in the relationship to the atrioventricular conduction axis. CONCLUSIONS: The central fibrous body is wider, providing greater fibrous support, in the setting of clockwise rotation of the aortic root. Individuals with this pattern may be more vulnerable to conduction damage following TAVI. Knowledge of such variation may prove invaluable for risk stratification." ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 1710 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29146623_MESH:D054537_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atrioventricular conduction axis" ], "offsets": [ [ 607, 639 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054537" } ] }, { "id": "29146623_MESH:D054537_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atrioventricular conduction axis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1373, 1405 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054537" } ] }, { "id": "29146623_MESH:D019955_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "conduction damage" ], "offsets": [ [ 1603, 1620 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019955" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "36379152_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Role of SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm in multi-organ failure: Molecular pathways and potential therapeutic options." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 119 ] ] }, { "id": "36379152_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a global public health emergency and has led to devastating results. Mounting evidence proposes that the disease causes severe pulmonary involvement and influences different organs, leading to a critical situation named multi-organ failure. It is yet to be fully clarified how the disease becomes so deadly in some patients. However, it is proven that a condition called \"cytokine storm\" is involved in the deterioration of COVID-19. Although beneficial, sustained production of cytokines and overabundance of inflammatory mediators causing cytokine storm can lead to collateral vital organ damages. Furthermore, cytokine storm can cause post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), an important cause of morbidity after the acute phase of COVID-19. Herein, we aim to explain the possible pathophysiology mechanisms involved in COVID-19-related cytokine storm and its association with multi-organ failure and PCS. We also discuss the latest advances in finding the potential therapeutic targets to control cytokine storm wishing to answer unmet clinical demands for treatment of COVID-19." ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 1249 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "36379152_2697049_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "SARS-CoV-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 18 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "2697049" } ] }, { "id": "36379152_MESH:D009102_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "multi-organ failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 64 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009102" } ] }, { "id": "36379152_MESH:C000657245_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Coronavirus disease 2019" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 144 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "36379152_MESH:C000657245_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 154 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "36379152_MESH:D009102_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "multi-organ failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 415 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009102" } ] }, { "id": "36379152_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 499 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36379152_MESH:C000657245_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 600, 608 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "36379152_MESH:C000657245_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 827 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "36379152_MESH:C000657245_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 909 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "36379152_MESH:C000657245_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 997 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] }, { "id": "36379152_MESH:D009102_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "multi-organ failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1046, 1065 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009102" } ] }, { "id": "36379152_MESH:C000657245_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 1240, 1248 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "27281962_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Edward Shellard, DMD, Vice President of Sales and Marketing, Carestream Dental." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 79 ] ] }, { "id": "27281962_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 80 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "27281962_MESH:D020388_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "DMD" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 20 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020388" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30381926_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Pheochromocytoma with Brain Metastasis: A Extremely Rare Case in Worldwide." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 75 ] ] }, { "id": "30381926_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Pheochromocytoma (PCC) is a neuroendocrine tumor that mainly arises from the medulla of the adrenal gland. Some PCCs become malignant and metastasize to other organs. For example, it typically involves skeletal system, liver, lung, and regional lymph nodes. However, only a few cases of PCC with brain metastasis have been reported worldwide. We report a case of metastatic brain tumor from PCC in South Korea in 2016. A 52-year-old man presented with headache, dizziness and motor aphasia. He had a medical history of PCC with multi-organ metastasis, previously underwent several operations, and was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Brain MRIs showed a brain tumor on the left parietal lobe. Postoperative pathology confirmed that the metastatic brain tumor derived from malignant PCC. This is the first report PCC with brain metastasis in South Korea." ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 940 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30381926_MESH:D010673_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Pheochromocytoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 16 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010673" } ] }, { "id": "30381926_MESH:D010673_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Pheochromocytoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 92 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010673" } ] }, { "id": "30381926_MESH:D010673_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 97 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010673" } ] }, { "id": "30381926_MESH:D018358_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuroendocrine tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 124 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018358" } ] }, { "id": "30381926_MESH:D010673_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 366 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010673" } ] }, { "id": "30381926_MESH:D001932_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "brain tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 461 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001932" } ] }, { "id": "30381926_MESH:D010673_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 470 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010673" } ] }, { "id": "30381926_MESH:D006261_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 528, 536 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006261" } ] }, { "id": "30381926_MESH:D004244_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dizziness" ], "offsets": [ [ 538, 547 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004244" } ] }, { "id": "30381926_MESH:D001039_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "motor aphasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 552, 565 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001039" } ] }, { "id": "30381926_MESH:D010673_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 595, 598 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010673" } ] }, { "id": "30381926_MESH:D001932_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "brain tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 741, 752 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001932" } ] }, { "id": "30381926_MESH:D009369_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 840, 845 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "30381926_MESH:D010673_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 869, 872 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010673" } ] }, { "id": "30381926_MESH:D010673_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 899, 902 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010673" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29567172_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Saliva as a source of new phosphopeptide biomarkers: Development of a comprehensive analytical method based on shotgun peptidomics." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 131 ] ] }, { "id": "29567172_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The paper describes the development of an enrichment method for the analysis of the endogenous phosphopeptides in saliva. The method was based on magnetic solid phase extraction by a magnetic graphitized carbon black-TiO2 composite material and was developed considering different saliva pre-treatments, namely C18 solid phase extraction for purification, direct dilution in loading buffer or acetonitrile precipitation. The method was based on a shotgun proteomics workflow and the enriched peptide mixture was analysed by nanoHPLC and high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Acetonitrile precipitation provided the best results, with up to 165 endogenous phosphopeptides identified in saliva samples from healthy individuals. The physico-chemical features of the identified endogenous phosphopeptides indicated that such peptides were large, hydrophilic and basic." ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 1000 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29567172_MESH:D010748_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phosphopeptides" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 242 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010748" } ] }, { "id": "29567172_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TiO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 349, 353 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29567172_MESH:C032159_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "acetonitrile" ], "offsets": [ [ 525, 537 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C032159" } ] }, { "id": "29567172_MESH:D010455_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "peptide" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 631 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010455" } ] }, { "id": "29567172_MESH:C032159_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Acetonitrile" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 723 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C032159" } ] }, { "id": "29567172_MESH:D010748_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phosphopeptides" ], "offsets": [ [ 791, 806 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010748" } ] }, { "id": "29567172_MESH:D010748_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phosphopeptides" ], "offsets": [ [ 921, 936 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010748" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8882490_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Recent problems of advanced age in humans. I. General problems]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 65 ] ] }, { "id": "8882490_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The obvious increase of human age even up to above one hundred years in nearly all civilised countries leeds the autor to discuss the following actual gerontologic problems: the needs for further splitting of categories of high age, the reasons for the rapid increase of the oldest-old group and the predicted \"mushroom\"-shaped age-pyramid in Germany. Further subjects are the liability of age-declaration in the highest age group according to the strict directions by Kannisto, the total account of men and women above one hundred years of age in different countries and in Germany since 1963, the difference between relative and absolute longevity and new molecular-biologic and genetic studies on extreme age." ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 778 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8882490_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 42 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8882490_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 95 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8882490_5341_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mushroom" ], "offsets": [ [ 377, 385 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "5341" } ] }, { "id": "8882490_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 566, 569 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8882490_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 574, 579 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15852018_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Ceramide upregulation causes pulmonary cell apoptosis and emphysema-like disease in mice." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 89 ] ] }, { "id": "15852018_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Alveolar cell apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of emphysema, a prevalent disease primarily caused by cigarette smoking. We report that ceramide, a second messenger lipid, is a crucial mediator of alveolar destruction in emphysema. Inhibition of enzymes controlling de novo ceramide synthesis prevented alveolar cell apoptosis, oxidative stress and emphysema caused by blockade of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors in both rats and mice. Emphysema was reproduced with intratracheal instillation of ceramide in naive mice. Excessive ceramide triggers a feed-forward mechanism mediated by activation of secretory acid sphingomyelinase, as suggested by experiments with neutralizing ceramide antibody in mice and with acid sphingomyelinase-deficient fibroblasts. Concomitant augmentation of signaling initiated by a prosurvival metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate, prevented lung apoptosis, implying that a balance between ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate is required for maintenance of alveolar septal integrity. Finally, increased lung ceramides in individuals with smoking-induced emphysema suggests that ceramide upregulation may be a crucial pathogenic element and a promising target in this disease that currently lacks effective therapies." ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 1367 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15852018_MESH:D002518_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ceramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002518" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:D004646_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "emphysema-like disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 80 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004646" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_10090_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 88 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:D004646_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "emphysema" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 158 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004646" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:D002518_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ceramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 242 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002518" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:D008055_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 268 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008055" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:D004646_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "emphysema" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004646" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:D002518_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ceramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 380 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002518" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:D004646_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "emphysema" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 456 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004646" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_83785_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "vascular endothelial growth factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 517 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "83785" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_83785_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "VEGF" ], "offsets": [ [ 519, 523 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "83785" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_10116_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 543, 547 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_10090_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 552, 556 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:D004646_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Emphysema" ], "offsets": [ [ 558, 567 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004646" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:D002518_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ceramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 626 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002518" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_10090_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 636, 640 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:D002518_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ceramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 660 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002518" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_20597_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "acid sphingomyelinase" ], "offsets": [ [ 731, 752 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "20597" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:D002518_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ceramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 808 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002518" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_10090_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 821, 825 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:D052536_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sphingomyelinase-deficient" ], "offsets": [ [ 840, 866 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D052536" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:C060506_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sphingosine-1-phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 957, 980 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C060506" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:D002518_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ceramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1040, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002518" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:C060506_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sphingosine-1-phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1053, 1076 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C060506" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:D002518_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ceramides" ], "offsets": [ [ 1159, 1168 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002518" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:D004646_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "emphysema" ], "offsets": [ [ 1205, 1214 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004646" } ] }, { "id": "15852018_MESH:D002518_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ceramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1229, 1237 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002518" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7913926_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 ntcA gene required for growth on nitrate and heterocyst development." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 97 ] ] }, { "id": "7913926_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 ntcA (bifA) gene encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein, NtcA (BifA, VF1) that interacts with the upstream region of several genes, including glnA, xisA, rbcL, and nifH. We have constructed a ntcA null mutant by interrupting the gene with an omega Spr-Smr cassette. The ntcA mutant was not able to grow with nitrate or atmospheric dinitrogen as the sole nitrogen source but could be grown on medium containing ammonium. The ntcA mutant was unable to form heterocysts and did not rearrange the nifD or fdxN elements after induction on a medium lacking combined nitrogen. Northern (RNA) analysis of ntcA in the wild-type strain during nitrogen stepdown showed a peak of ntcA message at an early stage (12 h) of heterocyst induction. Complementation of the ntcA mutant with a DNA fragment containing the ntcA gene and 251 bp of upstream sequence on a shuttle vector restored a wild-type phenotype; however, a similar construction containing 87 bp of upstream sequence only partially restored the phenotype. Northern analysis of RNA samples isolated from ammonium-grown cultures of the ntcA mutant showed reduced amounts of glnA message and the absence of a 1.7-kb transcript. In the wild type, the 1.7-kb transcript represents the majority of glnA transcripts after nitrogen stepdown. The ntcA mutant showed a normal pattern of rbcLS messages under these growth conditions." ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 1510 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7913926_103690_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Anabaena sp. strain P" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 21 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "103690" } ] }, { "id": "7913926_MESH:D009566_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 69 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009566" } ] }, { "id": "7913926_103690_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Anabaena sp. strain P" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 123 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "103690" } ] }, { "id": "7913926_MESH:D009566_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 448, 455 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009566" } ] }, { "id": "7913926_MESH:D009584_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dinitrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 481 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009584" } ] }, { "id": "7913926_MESH:D009584_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 494, 502 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009584" } ] }, { "id": "7913926_MESH:D064751_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ammonium" ], "offsets": [ [ 550, 558 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064751" } ] }, { "id": "7913926_MESH:D009584_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 700, 708 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009584" } ] }, { "id": "7913926_MESH:D009584_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 773, 781 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009584" } ] }, { "id": "7913926_45197_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "shuttle vector" ], "offsets": [ [ 988, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "45197" } ] }, { "id": "7913926_MESH:D064751_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ammonium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1191, 1199 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064751" } ] }, { "id": "7913926_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glnA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1264 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7913926_-_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glnA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1380, 1384 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7913926_MESH:D009584_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1403, 1411 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009584" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "925256_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "On being responsive: the tension between human and fiscal accountability." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 73 ] ] }, { "id": "925256_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 74 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "925256_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 46 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24173975_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Lateral crural retrodisplacement for superior rotation of the tip in rhinoplasty." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 81 ] ] }, { "id": "24173975_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Three techniques for producing superior rotation of the nasal tip are presented. One merely retrodisplaces the lateral crura on the upper lateral cartilages, one horizontally shortens the lateral crura by resection of cartilage between their anterior and posterior extremities, and one transects the cartilage in a curved fashion to allow the anterior portions of the lateral crura to be rotated on the posterior portions and upper lateral cartilages. All three techniques allow maintenance of good airways and a \"strong valve\" tending to prevent inspiratory collapse and visible external dimpling. The procedures are based on physiologic and anatomic principles. Details of the methods and short-term and long-term results are shown." ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 816 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24173975_MESH:D009069_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rotation of the tip" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 65 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009069" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6887593_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Aneurysm of the anterior jugular vein in a child--a case report]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 66 ] ] }, { "id": "6887593_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 67 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "6887593_MESH:D000783_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Aneurysm" ], "offsets": [ [ 1, 9 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000783" } ] }, { "id": "6887593_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 49 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20565832_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "What is the impact of a national postgraduate medical specialist education reform on the daily clinical training 3.5 years after implementation? A questionnaire survey." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 168 ] ] }, { "id": "20565832_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Many countries have recently reformed their postgraduate medical education (PGME). New pedagogic initiatives and blueprints have been introduced to improve quality and effectiveness of the education. Yet it is unknown whether these changes improved the daily clinical training. The purpose was to examine the impact of a national PGME reform on the daily clinical training practice. METHODS: The Danish reform included change of content and format of specialist education in line with outcome-based education using the CanMEDS framework. We performed a questionnaire survey among all hospital doctors in the North Denmark Region. The questionnaire included items on educational appraisal meetings, individual learning plans, incorporating training issues into work routines, supervision and feedback, and interpersonal acquaintance. Data were collected before start and 31/2 years later. Mean score values were compared, and response variables were analysed by multiple regression to explore the relation between the ratings and seniority, type of hospital, type of specialty, and effect of attendance to courses in learning and teaching among respondents. RESULTS: Response rates were 2105/2817 (75%) and 1888/3284 (58%), respectively. We found limited impact on clinical training practice and learning environment. Variances in ratings were hardly affected by type of hospital, whereas belonging to the laboratory specialities compared to other specialties was related to higher ratings concerning all aspects. CONCLUSIONS: The impact on daily clinical training practice of a national PGME reform was limited after 31/2 years. Future initiatives must focus on changing the pedagogical competences of the doctors participating in daily clinical training and on implementation strategies for changing educational culture." ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 2002 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14555334_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome: a surgical approach." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 56 ] ] }, { "id": "14555334_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Laparoscopy revealed a left inguinal testis and a right abdominal testis. Surgery revealed uterus-like structures. The bilateral testes showed primitive testis without ovarian tissue. Physical examination showed a normal and an empty scrotum with a nonpalpable gonad. Chromosome analysis revealed 46,XY. Pathological findings demonstrated the immature testis and the immature uterus." ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 440 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "26393031_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Implementing a tuberculosis child contact register to quantify children at risk for tuberculosis and HIV in Eldoret, Kenya." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 123 ] ] }, { "id": "26393031_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "SETTING: Tuberculosis (TB) clinic in Eldoret, Kenya. OBJECTIVE: To identify TB exposed children through the implementation of a child contact register (CCR). To assess the demographics of children exposed to TB and the potential for initiation of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in this cohort. METHODS: A CCR was implemented in routine care with health care workers querying index cases regarding child contacts. Data were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: In 12 months, the CCR revealed 580 children exposed to TB. Of these, 58% were exposed to smear-positive TB and 30% were aged <5 years. Of those exposed to smear-positive TB, 15% may have qualified for IPT initiation. Only 6 (1%) child contacts were screened for TB disease. More than 50% of the children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive mothers had not been HIV tested. CONCLUSION: Implementation of a CCR is a possible first step in child contact identification and management, which requires minimal resources and identifies children at risk for TB and HIV. Child contact screening and IPT initiation remain a challenge, and additional strategies are urgently needed." ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 1271 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "26393031_MESH:D014376_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 27 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 33 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 71 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_MESH:D014376_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_12721_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 104 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_MESH:D014376_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 145 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_MESH:D014376_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TB" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 149 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_MESH:D014376_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TB" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 202 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 219 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 257 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 320 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_MESH:D014376_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TB" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 334 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_MESH:D007538_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isoniazid" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 380 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007538" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 525, 530 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 621, 629 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_MESH:D014376_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TB" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 643 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_MESH:D014376_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TB" ], "offsets": [ [ 690, 692 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_MESH:D014376_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TB" ], "offsets": [ [ 756, 758 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_-_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "IPT" ], "offsets": [ [ 787, 790 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 815, 820 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_MESH:D014376_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TB" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 850 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_9606_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 881, 889 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_12721_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human immunodeficiency virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 895, 923 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_12721_23", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 925, 928 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_12721_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 960, 963 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_9606_25", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 1036, 1041 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_9606_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1129, 1137 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_MESH:D014376_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TB" ], "offsets": [ [ 1150, 1152 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_12721_28", "type": "Species", "text": [ "HIV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1157, 1160 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12721" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_9606_29", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Child" ], "offsets": [ [ 1162, 1167 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26393031_-_30", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "IPT" ], "offsets": [ [ 1190, 1193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "26584519_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "An element through the looking glass: exploring the Au-C, Au-H and Au-O energy landscape." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 89 ] ] }, { "id": "26584519_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Gold, the archetypal \"noble metal\", used to be considered of little interest in catalysis. It is now clear that this was a misconception, and a multitude of gold-catalysed transformations has been reported. However, one consequence of the long-held view of gold as inert metal is that its organometallic chemistry contains many \"unknowns\", and catalytic cycles devised to explain gold's reactivity draw largely on analogies with other transition metals. How realistic are such mechanistic assumptions? In the last few years a number of key compound classes have been discovered that can provide some answers. This Perspective attempts to summarise these developments, with particular emphasis on recently discovered gold(iii) complexes with bonds to hydrogen, oxygen, alkenes and CO ligands." ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 881 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "26584519_MESH:D006046_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Au" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 54 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006046" } ] }, { "id": "26584519_549_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Au-H" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 62 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "549" } ] }, { "id": "26584519_MESH:D006046_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Au" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 69 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006046" } ] }, { "id": "26584519_MESH:D008670_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "metal" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 366 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008670" } ] }, { "id": "26584519_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "gold(iii)" ], "offsets": [ [ 806, 815 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "26584519_MESH:D006859_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hydrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 840, 848 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006859" } ] }, { "id": "26584519_MESH:D010100_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 850, 856 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "26584519_MESH:D000475_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alkenes" ], "offsets": [ [ 858, 865 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000475" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32790222_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Pearls and pitfalls: Two contrasting HIV diagnoses in the COVID-19 era and the case for screening." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 98 ] ] }, { "id": "32790222_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 99 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32790222_MESH:C000657245_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "COVID-19" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 66 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000657245" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24765120_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Computational pharmaceutical materials science." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 47 ] ] }, { "id": "24765120_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 48 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11303488_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Weekly supplementation with iron and vitamin A during pregnancy increases hemoglobin concentration but decreases serum ferritin concentration in Indonesian pregnant women." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 171 ] ] }, { "id": "11303488_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We investigated whether weekly iron supplementation was as effective as the national daily iron supplementation program in Indonesia in improving iron status at near term in pregnancy. In addition, we examined whether weekly vitamin A and iron supplementation was more efficacious than weekly supplementation with iron alone. One group of pregnant women (n = 122)was supplemented weekly with iron (120 mg Fe as FeSO4) and folic acid (500 microg); another group (n = 121) received the same amount of iron and folic acid plus vitamin A [4800 retinol equivalents (RE)]. A third (\"daily\") group (n = 123), participating in the national iron plus folic acid supplementation program, was also recruited. Data on subjects with complete biochemical data are reported (n = 190). At near term, hemoglobin concentrations increased, whereas serum ferritin concentrations decreased significantly in the weekly vitamin A and iron group, suggesting that vitamin A improved utilization of iron for hematopoiesis. Iron status in the weekly iron group was not different from that of the \"daily\" group. However, iron status decreased with daily supplementation if <50 iron tablets were ingested. Serum transferrin receptor concentrations increased in all groups (P < 0.01). Serum retinol concentrations were maintained in the weekly vitamin A and iron group, but decreased in the other two groups (P < 0.01). Thus, delivery of iron supplements on a weekly basis can be as effective as ona daily basis if compliance can be ensured. Addition of vitamin A to the supplement improved hemoglobin concentration." ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 1758 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 32 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D014801_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vitamin A" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 46 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014801" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 170 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 207 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 267 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 318, 322 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D014801_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vitamin A" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 406 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014801" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 411, 415 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 486, 490 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 525 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 564, 568 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Fe" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 579 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_-_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "FeSO4" ], "offsets": [ [ 583, 588 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D005492_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "folic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 604 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005492" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 675 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D005492_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "folic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 680, 690 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005492" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D014801_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vitamin A" ], "offsets": [ [ 696, 705 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014801" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D014801_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "retinol" ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 719 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014801" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 808 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D005492_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "folic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 814, 824 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005492" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D014801_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vitamin A" ], "offsets": [ [ 1069, 1078 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014801" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1083, 1087 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D014801_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vitamin A" ], "offsets": [ [ 1111, 1120 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014801" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1145, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:C536227_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hematopoiesis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1154, 1167 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C536227" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1169, 1173 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1195, 1199 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1265, 1269 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_28", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1321, 1325 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D014801_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "retinol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1433, 1440 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014801" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D014801_30", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vitamin A" ], "offsets": [ [ 1486, 1495 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014801" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_31", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1500, 1504 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D007501_32", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1580, 1584 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "11303488_MESH:D014801_33", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vitamin A" ], "offsets": [ [ 1696, 1705 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014801" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10034012_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Ramanathan responds." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 20 ] ] }, { "id": "10034012_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 21 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20370791_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Natural antioxidants and hypertension: promise and challenges." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 62 ] ] }, { "id": "20370791_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Hypertension reigns as a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as a central common pathway by which disparate influences may induce and exacerbate hypertension. Potential sources of excessive ROS in hypertension include nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, mitochondria, xanthine oxidase, endothelium-derived NO synthase, cyclooxygenase 1 and 2, cytochrome P450 epoxygenase, and transition metals. While a significant body of epidemiological and clinical data suggests that antioxidant-rich diets reduce blood pressure and cardiovascular risk, randomized trials and population studies using natural antioxidants have yielded disappointing results. The reasons behind this lack of efficacy are not completely clear, but likely include a combination of (1) ineffective dosing regimens, (2) the potential pro-oxidant capacity of some of these agents, (3) selection of subjects less likely to benefit from antioxidant therapy (too healthy or too sick), and (4) inefficiency of nonspecific quenching of prevalent ROS versus prevention of excessive ROS production. Commonly used antioxidants include Vitamins A, C and E, L-arginine, flavanoids, and mitochondria-targeted agents (Coenzyme Q10, acetyl-L-carnitine, and alpha-lipoic acid). Various reasons, including incomplete knowledge of the mechanisms of action of these agents, lack of target specificity, and potential interindividual differences in therapeutic efficacy preclude us from recommending any specific natural antioxidant for antihypertensive therapy at this time. This review focuses on recent literature evaluating naturally occurring antioxidants with respect to their impact on hypertension." ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 1823 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20370791_MESH:D006973_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_MESH:D006973_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 75 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_MESH:D003643_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_MESH:D017382_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "reactive oxygen species" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 188 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017382" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_MESH:D017382_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ROS" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017382" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_MESH:D006973_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 304 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_MESH:D017382_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ROS" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 340 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017382" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_MESH:D006973_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 344, 356 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_MESH:D009249_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009249" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_MESH:D009249_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NADPH" ], "offsets": [ [ 410, 415 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009249" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_5742;5743_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "cyclooxygenase 1 and 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 513 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5742;5743" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_MESH:D017382_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ROS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1177, 1180 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017382" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_MESH:D017382_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ROS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1212, 1215 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017382" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_MESH:D001120_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "L-arginine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1284, 1294 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001120" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_-_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "flavanoids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1296, 1306 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_MESH:C024989_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Coenzyme Q10" ], "offsets": [ [ 1342, 1354 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C024989" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_MESH:D000108_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "acetyl-L-carnitine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1356, 1374 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000108" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_MESH:D008063_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alpha-lipoic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 1380, 1397 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008063" } ] }, { "id": "20370791_MESH:D006973_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1810, 1822 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17804882_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Fluorescence diffuse optical tomography with functional and anatomical a priori information: feasibility study." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 111 ] ] }, { "id": "17804882_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (FT) is an emerging molecular imaging technique that can spatially resolve both fluorophore concentration and lifetime parameters. In this study, we investigate the performance of a frequency-domain FT system for small inclusions that are embedded in a heterogeneous background. The results demonstrate that functional and structural a priori information is crucial to be able to recover both parameters with high accuracy. The functional a priori information is defined by the absorption and scattering maps at both excitation and emission wavelengths. Similarly, the boundaries of the small inclusion and different regions in the background are utilized as the structural a priori information. Without a priori information, the fluorophore concentration of a 5 mm inclusion in a 40 mm medium is recovered with 50% error, while the lifetime cannot be recovered at all. On the other hand, when both functional and structural information are available, the true lifetime can be recovered and the fluorophore concentration can be estimated only with 5% error. This study shows that a hybrid system that can acquire diffuse optical absorption tomography (DOT), FT and anatomical images in the same setting is essential to be able to recover the fluorophore concentration and lifetime accurately in vivo." ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 1452 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29509002_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Photophysics and Photoredox Catalysis of a Homoleptic Rhenium(I) Tris(diisocyanide) Complex." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 92 ] ] }, { "id": "29509002_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Herein a homoleptic rhenium(I) complex bearing three chelating diisocyanide ligands and its photophysical properties are communicated. The complex emits weakly from a high-energy triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited state with an 8 ns lifetime in deaerated CH3CN at 22 C and is shown to act as an efficient photoredox catalyst comparable to [Ir(ppy)3] (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine) in representative test reactions." ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 515 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29509002_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Rhenium(I) Tris(diisocyanide)" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 83 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29509002_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "rhenium(I)" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 123 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29509002_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "diisocyanide" ], "offsets": [ [ 156, 168 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29509002_MESH:D008670_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "metal" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 285 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008670" } ] }, { "id": "29509002_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CH3CN" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 366 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29509002_MESH:C058324_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "2-phenylpyridine" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 480 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C058324" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3527755_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Prediction and prevention of famine." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 36 ] ] }, { "id": "3527755_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In general, famines have become less frequent and of decreasing magnitude in recent decades, a generalization to which sub-Saharan Africa is the striking exception. The underlying factors preventing famine continue to weaken in sub-Saharan Africa, while they grow stronger elsewhere. The basic elements of famine prevention are: a substantial surplus of agricultural production beyond the subsistence needs of the rural population; highly developed transportation systems within rural areas, between rural and related urban areas, and with the rest of the world; and a democratic form of government. The first makes a shortage of food and income to buy food less likely, the second makes it possible to deal with food and income shortages if they do occur, and the third ensures that necessary and feasible actions will be taken. In a democratic framework a free press brings attention to famine even in isolated areas, and public opinion refuses to countenance inaction by the bureaucracy. Once conditions of famine arise, market mechanisms concentrate food where the purchasing power exists, drawing food from the rural to the urban areas and from the poor to the rich. In such circumstances governments must take direct action to prevent starvation. Famine is predicted by successive years of poor crops, a rapid rise in food prices, a decline in the prices of goods that the poor sell (particularly including the livestock of pastoralists), and a decline in employment." ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 1510 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "440094_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Preparation of thiamine triphosphate." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 37 ] ] }, { "id": "440094_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 38 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "440094_MESH:D013838_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "thiamine triphosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013838" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30058718_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Influence of maternal characteristics and caregiving behaviours on children's caries experience: An intergenerational approach." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 127 ] ] }, { "id": "30058718_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVES: This study adopted an intergenerational approach, aiming to answer the following research questions: (a) Are maternal oral health-related behaviours and oral health associated with dental caries in preschool children?; (b) Do maternal caregiving behaviours mediate the association between maternal oral health-related behaviours and dental caries in preschool children. METHODS: Children aged 5 years, enrolled in the 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort, were investigated (n = 1303). Children were dentally examined using WHO criteria to assess the number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces (dmfs), and their mothers were interviewed. Standardized direct, indirect and total effects of maternal characteristics (frequency of toothbrushing, dental anxiety, the pattern of dental attendance, self-perception about oral health and self-reported dental caries) on maternal caregiving behaviours and children's dmfs were assessed using path analysis. RESULTS: Mean dmfs was 4.1 (95% CI 3.6;4.5). Maternal oral health-related behaviours had no direct effect on children's dental caries: child dental attendance pattern partially mediates the effect of maternal dental attendance pattern on dental caries (87.8%; P < 0.05) and partially mediates the effect of maternal dental anxiety (39.9%; P < 0.001). Child frequency of toothbrushing mediates 28.0% (P < 0.001) of the effect of maternal frequency of toothbrushing on dental caries. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic factors directly influenced children's caries experience, whereas maternal oral health-related behaviours had no direct effect. It was observed an indirect effect of maternal dental anxiety and dental attendance pattern on children's dental caries mediated by caregiving behaviours, such as child dental attendance pattern and frequency of toothbrushing." ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 1954 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30058718_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 75 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30058718_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 356 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30058718_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 508 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30058718_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Children" ], "offsets": [ [ 519, 527 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30058718_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Children" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 632 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30058718_MESH:D001007_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 892, 899 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001007" } ] }, { "id": "30058718_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1040, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30058718_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1200, 1208 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30058718_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 1226, 1231 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30058718_MESH:D001007_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 1414, 1421 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001007" } ] }, { "id": "30058718_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Child" ], "offsets": [ [ 1442, 1447 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30058718_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1628, 1636 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30058718_MESH:D001007_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 1782, 1789 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001007" } ] }, { "id": "30058718_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1823, 1831 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30058718_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 1891, 1896 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6760240_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Clinical evaluation of the rapid hippurate analysis for the identification of group B streptococci." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 99 ] ] }, { "id": "6760240_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 100 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19586816_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Tricolor attenuation model for shadow detection." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 48 ] ] }, { "id": "19586816_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Shadows, the common phenomena in most outdoor scenes, bring many problems in image processing and computer vision. In this paper, we present a novel method focusing on extracting shadows from a single outdoor image. The proposed tricolor attenuation model (TAM) that describe the attenuation relationship between shadow and its nonshadow background is derived based on image formation theory. The parameters of the TAM are fixed by using the spectral power distribution (SPD) of daylight and skylight, which are estimated according to Planck's blackbody irradiance law. Based on the TAM, a multistep shadow detection algorithm is proposed to extract shadows. Compared with previous methods, the algorithm can be applied to process single images gotten in real complex scenes without prior knowledge. The experimental results validate the performance of the model." ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 912 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19586816_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TAM" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 467 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "19586816_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TAM" ], "offsets": [ [ 632, 635 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31327158_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Efficacy of thermal ablation in benign non-functioning solid thyroid nodule: A systematic review and meta-analysis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 115 ] ] }, { "id": "31327158_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Image-guided thermal ablations are commonly used in the treatment of thyroid nodules. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and laser ablation are the most commonly used. Here we aimed to obtain solid evidence of the long-term efficacy of RFA and laser ablation in benign non-functioning solid thyroid nodules (BNFSTN). METHODS: PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched until March 2019. Studies reporting the effectiveness of RFA or laser ablation in patients with BNFSTN in terms of volume reduction rate (VRR), compressive symptoms and cosmetic concerns were included. Complications were also assessed. RESULTS: Out of 963 papers, 12 studies on RFA and 12 on laser ablation were included, assessing 1186 and 2009 BNFSTNs, respectively. Overall, VRR at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months was 60%, 66%, 62%, and 53%. VRR of RFA was 68%, 75%, and 87%, respectively. VRR of laser ablation was 48%, 52%, 45%, and 44%, respectively. Baseline volume of nodules undergone RFA was significantly smaller compared to laser ablation (20.1 +- 22.4 versus 24.6 +- 23.6 ml; p < 0.01). Nodules smaller than 30 ml obtained better outcomes than larger ones. A significant reduction in compressive symptoms and cosmetic concerns was found after RFA. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis showed that both RFA and laser ablation are able to obtain a significant volume reduction in BNFSTNs. A significant volume reduction is already evident at 6 months after thermal ablation and results are stable over the time." ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 1617 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31327158_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 589, 597 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30855141_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Quantum Suppression of Intramolecular Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effects in a Pericyclic Hydrogen Transfer Reaction." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 115 ] ] }, { "id": "30855141_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "It is generally accepted that hydrogen tunneling enhances both primary and secondary H/D kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) over what would be expected under the assumptions of classical barrier transition. Previous studies have exclusively shown that the effects of tunneling upon primary H/D KIEs have been much larger than those observed for secondary H/D KIEs. Here we present a series of experimental H/D KIE results associated with the Chugaev elimination of methyl xanthate derived from beta-phenylethanol over the temperature range of 180 to 290 C. Intramolecular H/D KIEs computed according to classical transition state theory (TST) are markedly overestimated relative to experimentally measured values. Experimental intermolecular H/D KIEs and direct dynamic calculations based on canonical variational transition state theory (CVT) with small-curvature tunneling correction (SCT) reveal that this result is largely the consequence of extraordinary tunneling enhancement of the secondary H/D KIE. This unexpected behavior is examined in the context of other similar hydrogen transfer reactions." ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 1218 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30855141_MESH:D003903_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Deuterium" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 47 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003903" } ] }, { "id": "30855141_MESH:D006859_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Hydrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006859" } ] }, { "id": "30855141_MESH:D006859_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hydrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 154 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006859" } ] }, { "id": "30855141_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methyl xanthate" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 592 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "30855141_MESH:D010626_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "beta-phenylethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 606, 624 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010626" } ] }, { "id": "30855141_MESH:D006859_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hydrogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1190, 1198 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006859" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21411246_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "BTV infection in wild ruminants, with emphasis on red deer: a review." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 69 ] ] }, { "id": "21411246_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The distribution of bluetongue virus has changed, possibly related to climate change. Vaccination of domestic ruminants is taking place throughout Europe to control BT expansion. The high density of wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) in some European regions has raised concerns about the potential role that unvaccinated European wild ungulates might play in maintaining or spreading the virus. Most species of wild ruminants are susceptible to BTV infection, although frequently asymptomatically. The red deer population density in Europe is similar to that of domestic livestock in some areas, and red deer could account for a significant percentage of the BTV-infection susceptible ruminant population in certain regions. High serum antibody prevalence has been found in red deer, and BTV RNA (BTV-1, BTV-4 and BTV-8) has been repeatedly detected in naturally infected European red deer by means of RT-PCR. Moreover, red deer may carry the virus asymptomatically for long periods. Epidemiological studies suggest that there are more BT cases in domestic ungulates in those areas where red deer are present. Vector and host density and environmental factors are implicated in the spatial distribution of BT. As in domestic ruminants, BTV transmission among wild ruminants depends almost exclusively on Culicoides vectors, mainly C. imicola but also members of the C. obsoletus and C. pulicaris complex. However, BTV transmission from red deer to the vector remains to be demonstrated. Transplacental, oral, and mechanical transmissions are also suspected. Thus, wild red deer contribute to the still unclear epidemiology of BTV in Europe, and could complicate BTV control in domestic ruminants. However, further research at the wildlife host-vector-pathogen interface and regarding the epidemiology of BT and BT vectors in wildlife habitats is needed to confirm this hypothesis. Moreover, red deer could be used as BT sentinels. Serum and spleen tissue of calves sampled from late autumn onwards should be the target samples when establishing a BTV surveillance program." ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 2139 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21411246_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "BTV" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_MESH:D007239_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 13 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_9860_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "red deer" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 58 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9860" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_40051_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "bluetongue virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "40051" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_9860_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "red deer" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 282 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9860" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_9860_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Cervus elaphus" ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 298 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9860" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "BTV" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 515 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_MESH:D007239_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 525 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_9860_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "red deer" ], "offsets": [ [ 569, 577 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9860" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_9860_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "red deer" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 675 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9860" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_MESH:D007239_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "BTV-infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 726, 739 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_9860_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "red deer" ], "offsets": [ [ 841, 849 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9860" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_MESH:D007239_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 930, 938 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_9860_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "red deer" ], "offsets": [ [ 948, 956 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9860" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_9860_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "red deer" ], "offsets": [ [ 987, 995 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9860" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_9860_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "red deer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1155, 1163 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9860" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_88399_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "C. imicola" ], "offsets": [ [ 1398, 1408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "88399" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_289301_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "C. obsoletus" ], "offsets": [ [ 1433, 1445 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "289301" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_177093_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "C. pulicaris" ], "offsets": [ [ 1450, 1462 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "177093" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_9860_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "red deer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1503, 1511 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9860" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_9860_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "red deer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1636, 1644 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9860" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_-_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "BTV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1693, 1696 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_9860_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "red deer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1958, 1966 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9860" } ] }, { "id": "21411246_9913_23", "type": "Species", "text": [ "calves" ], "offsets": [ [ 2025, 2031 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33001315_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Potentially inappropriate medications involved in drug-drug interactions at hospital discharge in Croatia." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 106 ] ] }, { "id": "33001315_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Background The potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) can significantly affect patient safety in the elderly, especially at transition of health care. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate PIMs involved in potentially clinically significant DDIs in prescribed pharmacotherapy of elderly patients at hospital discharge. Setting Internal Medicine Clinic of University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia. Method During a 16-month period, the pharmacotherapy data were assessed using Lexicomp Online screening software to identify category C (monitor drug therapy), D (consider therapy modification) and X (avoid combination) DDIs. The European Union (EU)(7)-PIM criteria were applied to detect inappropriately prescribed medications involved in DDIs. Clinical pharmacists obtained data from patients' medical records and patient/caregiver interviews. Main outcome measure The incidence of PIMs involved in potentially clinically significant DDIs. Results A total of 364 consecutive elderly patients were enrolled in the study. The mean number of prescription medications at discharge was 9.3. Overall, 2833 potentially clinically significant DDIs were identified: 2445 (86.3%) of them were category C, 347 (12.3%) category D and 41 (1.4%) were category X interactions. A total of 1164 PIMs were involved in 31.2% of category C interactions, 60.2% of category D interactions and 43.9% of category X interactions. The most frequent PIMs involved in potentially clinically significant DDIs were tramadol, benzodiazepines, moxonidine, vildagliptin and metoclopramide. Conclusion A very high incidence of DDIs in elderly patients and a high incidence of PIMs involved in DDIs was determined at hospital discharge." ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 1860 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33001315_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 233 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33001315_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 443, 451 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33001315_5292_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PIM" ], "offsets": [ [ 810, 813 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5292" } ] }, { "id": "33001315_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 943, 951 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33001315_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 973, 980 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33001315_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1142, 1150 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33001315_MESH:D014147_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "tramadol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1644, 1652 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014147" } ] }, { "id": "33001315_MESH:D001569_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "benzodiazepines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1654, 1669 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001569" } ] }, { "id": "33001315_MESH:C043482_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "moxonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1671, 1681 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C043482" } ] }, { "id": "33001315_MESH:D000077597_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vildagliptin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1683, 1695 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077597" } ] }, { "id": "33001315_MESH:D008787_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "metoclopramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1700, 1714 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008787" } ] }, { "id": "33001315_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1768, 1776 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7062429_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Rhabdomyolysis: an unusual postoperative complication." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 54 ] ] }, { "id": "7062429_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 55 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "28253949_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Bilateral Asymmetric Traumatic Dislocation of Hip Joints]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 59 ] ] }, { "id": "28253949_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The authors present a rare case of bilateral asymmetric traumatic dislocation of hip joints, where the left joint was treated conservatively after the reduction, while the right joint, with an acetabular fragment interposition, was treated surgically - by arthroscopically assisted reduction and fixation of an osteochondral fragment of posterior wall of the acetabulum. The female patient healed with no complications, showing an excellent clinical outcome with no signs of instability or limited mobility of hip joints, and also with no signs of para-articular calcification or necrosis of the hip at 1 year after the injury and treatment. Bilateral asymmetric dislocation of hip joint is a rare injury with the total incidence of 150 cases as reported by the literature. Recently, its incidence is higher due to the increased traffic and the associated accident rate. A precise and prompt reduction of the injured hip joint is always necessary, if possible under general anesthesia. Also, it is always necessary to carry out a complete examination of the patient since this type of injury is always caused by a strong force and is often accompanied by injuries of other parts of the body. Key words: bilateral asymmetric dislocation of hip joints, hip arthroscopy, acetabular fracture." ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 1348 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "28253949_MESH:D006617_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Traumatic Dislocation of Hip Joints" ], "offsets": [ [ 22, 57 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006617" } ] }, { "id": "28253949_MESH:D006617_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "traumatic dislocation of hip joints" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 151 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006617" } ] }, { "id": "28253949_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 442, 449 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "28253949_MESH:D006618_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hip joints" ], "offsets": [ [ 570, 580 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006618" } ] }, { "id": "28253949_MESH:D002114_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "para-articular calcification" ], "offsets": [ [ 608, 636 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002114" } ] }, { "id": "28253949_MESH:D009336_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "necrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 640, 648 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009336" } ] }, { "id": "28253949_64399_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "hip" ], "offsets": [ [ 738, 741 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "64399" } ] }, { "id": "28253949_64399_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "hip" ], "offsets": [ [ 977, 980 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "64399" } ] }, { "id": "28253949_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1118, 1125 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "28253949_MESH:D006617_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dislocation of hip joints" ], "offsets": [ [ 1284, 1309 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006617" } ] }, { "id": "28253949_64399_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "hip" ], "offsets": [ [ 1311, 1314 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "64399" } ] }, { "id": "28253949_MESH:D050723_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 1339, 1347 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10549628_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Autoreactive CD4+ T cells protect from autoimmune diabetes via bystander suppression using the IL-4/Stat6 pathway." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 114 ] ] }, { "id": "10549628_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Targeted immune regulation can be achieved by use of tissue-specific T cells and offers the potential for organ-specific suppression of destructive autoimmune processes. Here, we report the generation and characterization of insulin B chain-specific \"autoreactive\" CD4+ regulatory T cells that locally suppress diabetogenic T cell responses against an unrelated self-antigen (viral transgene) in a virus-induced model for type 1 diabetes. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is essential for prevention of diabetes since regulatory T cells cannot be induced in the absence of IL-4 or stat6 (IL-4 signaling pathway). Our observations demonstrate that autoreactive regulatory T cells can suppress autoreactive destructive T cell activity of differential antigenic specificity locally in the pancreatic draining lymph node, probably via cytokine-mediated modulation of antigen-presenting cells." ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 991 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10549628_920_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CD4" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 16 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "920" } ] }, { "id": "10549628_MESH:D003922_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "autoimmune diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 58 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003922" } ] }, { "id": "10549628_3565_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-4" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 99 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3565" } ] }, { "id": "10549628_6778_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Stat6" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 105 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6778" } ] }, { "id": "10549628_3630_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "insulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 340, 347 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3630" } ] }, { "id": "10549628_920_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CD4" ], "offsets": [ [ 380, 383 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "920" } ] }, { "id": "10549628_T cell_6", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "T cell" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 445 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "T cell" } ] }, { "id": "10549628_MESH:D003920_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 544, 552 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "10549628_3565_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Interleukin 4" ], "offsets": [ [ 554, 567 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3565" } ] }, { "id": "10549628_3565_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-4" ], "offsets": [ [ 569, 573 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3565" } ] }, { "id": "10549628_MESH:D003920_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 606, 614 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "10549628_3565_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-4" ], "offsets": [ [ 676, 680 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3565" } ] }, { "id": "10549628_6778_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "stat6" ], "offsets": [ [ 684, 689 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6778" } ] }, { "id": "10549628_3565_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IL-4" ], "offsets": [ [ 691, 695 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3565" } ] }, { "id": "10549628_T cell_14", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "T cell" ], "offsets": [ [ 820, 826 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "T cell" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33259583_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "New perspectives of the cardiac cellular landscape: mapping cellular mediators of cardiac fibrosis using single-cell transcriptomics." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 133 ] ] }, { "id": "33259583_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Single-cell transcriptomics enables inference of context-dependent phenotypes of individual cells and determination of cellular diversity of complex tissues. Cardiac fibrosis is a leading factor in the development of heart failure and a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with no effective treatment. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers a promising new platform to identify new cellular and molecular protagonists that may drive cardiac fibrosis and development of heart failure. This review will summarize the application scRNA-seq for understanding cardiac fibrosis and development of heart failure. We will also discuss some key considerations in interpreting scRNA-seq data and some of its limitations." ], "offsets": [ [ 134, 864 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33259583_MESH:D005355_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiac fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 98 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005355" } ] }, { "id": "33259583_MESH:D005355_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Cardiac fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 308 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005355" } ] }, { "id": "33259583_MESH:D006333_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 351, 364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006333" } ] }, { "id": "33259583_MESH:D003643_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 409 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "33259583_MESH:D005355_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiac fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 587, 603 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005355" } ] }, { "id": "33259583_MESH:D006333_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 636 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006333" } ] }, { "id": "33259583_MESH:D005355_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiac fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 709, 725 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005355" } ] }, { "id": "33259583_MESH:D006333_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 745, 758 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006333" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30214155_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Profile of pitolisant in the management of narcolepsy: design, development, and place in therapy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 97 ] ] }, { "id": "30214155_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Narcolepsy is a rare sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and rapid eye movement sleep dysregulation, manifesting as cataplexy and sleep paralysis, as well as hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations. Disease onset may occur at any age, although adolescents and young adults are mainly affected. Currently, the diagnosis delay ranges from 8 to 10 years and drug therapy may only attenuate symptoms. Pitolisant is a first-in-class new drug currently authorized by the European Medicines Agency to treat narcolepsy with or without cataplexy in adults and with an expanded evaluation for the treatment of neurologic diseases such as Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. This article reviews the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of pitolisant, highlighting its effectiveness and safety in patients with narcolepsy. We performed a systematic review of the literature using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. We report on the efficacy and safety data of pitolisant in narcoleptic patients regarding cataplexy episodes and subjective and objective daytime sleepiness. The development program of pitolisant was characterized by eight Phase II/III studies. One proof-of-concept study followed by two pivotal studies, three randomized controlled trials, and two open studies were evaluated. Our review confirmed the effectiveness of pitolisant in treating major clinically relevant narcolepsy symptoms, including cataplexy, as compared to placebo. In addition, pitolisant revealed a safe profile when compared with placebo and active comparators. Headache, insomnia, and nausea were the prominent side effects. Further long-term randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of pitolisant with active comparators (ie, modafinil and sodium oxybate) may clarify its real place in therapy and its possible use as a first-line agent on the basis of its safety and tolerability." ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 2001 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30214155_MESH:D009290_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "narcolepsy" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 53 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009290" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D009290_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Narcolepsy" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 108 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009290" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D012893_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sleep disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 133 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012893" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D012893_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "daytime sleepiness" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012893" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D012893_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "eye movement sleep dysregulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 222 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012893" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D020188_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sleep paralysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 253, 268 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020188" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D006212_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypnopompic hallucinations" ], "offsets": [ [ 296, 322 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006212" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D009290_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "narcolepsy" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 635 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009290" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D020271_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurologic diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 744 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020271" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D010300_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 772 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D004827_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epilepsy" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 785 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 916, 924 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D009290_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "narcolepsy" ], "offsets": [ [ 930, 940 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009290" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D009290_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "narcoleptic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1094, 1105 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009290" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1106, 1114 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D012893_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "daytime sleepiness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1173, 1191 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012893" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D051271_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "narcolepsy symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1504, 1523 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D051271" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D006261_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 1669, 1677 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006261" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D007319_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "insomnia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1679, 1687 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007319" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D009325_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1693, 1699 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009325" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D000077408_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "modafinil" ], "offsets": [ [ 1846, 1855 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077408" } ] }, { "id": "30214155_MESH:D012978_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium oxybate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1860, 1874 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012978" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2308940_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Regeneration of a functional RNA virus genome by recombination between deletion mutants and requirement for cowpea chlorotic mottle virus 3a and coat genes for systemic infection." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 179 ] ] }, { "id": "2308940_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "RNAs 1 and 2 of the tripartite cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) genome are sufficient for RNA replication in protoplasts, whereas systemic infection of cowpea plants additionally requires RNA3, which encodes the 3a noncapsid protein and coat protein. By using biologically active CCMV cDNA clones, we find that deletions in either RNA3 gene block systemic infection. Thus, though some plant RNA viruses are able to spread systemically without encapsidation, both the coat and 3a genes are required for systemic infection of cowpeas by CCMV. When plants were coinoculated with CCMV RNAs 1 and 2 and both the 3a and coat deletion mutants of RNA3, 30-60% rapidly developed systemic infection. Progeny RNA recovered from systemically infected leaves in such infections contained neither of the starting deletion mutants but rather a single full-length RNA3 component with both genes intact. Nucleotide substitutions introduced into the coat protein deletion mutant as an artificial marker were recovered in the full-length progeny RNA, confirming its recombinant nature. Intermolecular RNA recombination in planta can, therefore, rescue a complete infectious genome from coinoculated mutants independently disabled for systemic spread. These results have implications for the repair of defective genomes produced by frequent natural replication errors, the possible emergence of newly adapted RNA viruses upon coinfection of new hosts, and further studies of RNA virus recombination." ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 1663 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2308940_MESH:D007239_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 178 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "2308940_12303_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "cowpea chlorotic mottle virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 240 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12303" } ] }, { "id": "2308940_12303_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "CCMV" ], "offsets": [ [ 242, 246 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12303" } ] }, { "id": "2308940_MESH:D007239_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 332 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "2308940_3917_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "cowpea" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 342 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3917" } ] }, { "id": "2308940_12303_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "CCMV" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 468 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12303" } ] }, { "id": "2308940_MESH:D007239_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "block systemic infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 525, 549 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "2308940_MESH:D007239_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 695, 704 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "2308940_3917_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "cowpeas" ], "offsets": [ [ 708, 715 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3917" } ] }, { "id": "2308940_12303_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "CCMV" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 723 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12303" } ] }, { "id": "2308940_12303_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "CCMV" ], "offsets": [ [ 760, 764 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "12303" } ] }, { "id": "2308940_MESH:D007239_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 863, 872 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "2308940_MESH:D007239_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 914, 922 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "2308940_MESH:D007239_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 938, 948 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15278395_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A case of primary cardiac lymphoma located in the pericardial effusion." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 71 ] ] }, { "id": "15278395_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Primary cardiac lymphoma is a rare disorder with a poor prognosis. We present here a case of 77-year-old woman who was diagnosed as having cardiac lymphoma antemortem according to a cytologic examination of the pericardial effusion. Determination of the levels of serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor and serum deoxythymidine kinase was useful for the diagnosis. Echocardiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and gallium scan revealed neither lymphadenopathy nor tumor in the heart, so she was diagnosed as having malignant lymphoma that probably originated from the pericardium. Systemic chemotherapy with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, farmorubicin, oncovin, and prednisolone) resulted in a complete resolution of the pericardial effusion. She has been in remission 48 months after discontinuation of the chemotherapy." ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 906 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15278395_MESH:D006331_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiac lymphoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 34 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006331" } ] }, { "id": "15278395_MESH:D010490_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pericardial effusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 70 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010490" } ] }, { "id": "15278395_MESH:D006331_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiac lymphoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006331" } ] }, { "id": "15278395_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "woman" ], "offsets": [ [ 177, 182 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15278395_MESH:D006331_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiac lymphoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 227 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006331" } ] }, { "id": "15278395_MESH:D010490_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pericardial effusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 303 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010490" } ] }, { "id": "15278395_MESH:D005708_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "gallium" ], "offsets": [ [ 506, 513 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005708" } ] }, { "id": "15278395_MESH:D008206_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lymphadenopathy nor tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 536, 561 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008206" } ] }, { "id": "15278395_MESH:D008223_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malignant lymphoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 607, 625 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008223" } ] }, { "id": "15278395_MESH:D003520_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 706, 722 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003520" } ] }, { "id": "15278395_MESH:D015251_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "farmorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 724, 736 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015251" } ] }, { "id": "15278395_MESH:D014750_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oncovin" ], "offsets": [ [ 738, 745 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014750" } ] }, { "id": "15278395_MESH:D011239_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "prednisolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 751, 763 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011239" } ] }, { "id": "15278395_MESH:D010490_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pericardial effusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 806, 826 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010490" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "26834686_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Investigation of Biases and Compensatory Strategies Using a Probabilistic Variant of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 117 ] ] }, { "id": "26834686_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) evaluates a subject's ability to shift to a new pattern of behavior in response to the presentation of unexpected negative feedback. The present study introduces a novel version of the traditional WCST by integrating a probabilistic component into its traditional rule shifting to add uncertainty to the task, as well as the option to forage for information during any particular trial. These changes transformed a task that is trivial for neurotypical individuals into a challenging environment useful for evaluating biases and compensatory strategizing. Sixty subjects performed the probabilistic WCST at four uncertainty levels to determine the effect of uncertainty on subject performance and strategy. Results revealed that increasing the level of uncertainty during a run of trials correlated with a reduction in rational strategizing in favor of both random choice and information foraging, evoking biases and suboptimal strategies such as satisfaction of search, negativity bias, and probability matching." ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 1170 ] ] } ]

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