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[ "Billy Gunn", "The New Age Outlaws and D-Generation X (1997-1998)", "What were The New Age Outlaws?", "James and Rockabilly were quickly rebranded as \"Road Dogg\" Jesse James and \"Badd Ass\" Billy Gunn, respectively, and their tag team formed was soon dubbed the New Age Outlaws.", "What was the D generation X?", "They also defeated the LOD in a rematch at In Your House: D-Generation X.", "How strong were Jesse and Billy?", "This new team was in the spirit of the new Attitude Era: brash, vulgar, egotistical, and loud-mouthed. They quickly rose to the top of the tag team ranks", "Did they ever lose?", "teamed up with Triple H and Savio Vega (who replaced the injured Shawn Michaels) to face Chainsaw Charlie, Cactus Jack, Owen Hart, and Steve Austin. They were, however, defeated.", "Any other losses?", "During this time, the Outlaws began a feud with Kane and Mankind. Although Kane and Mankind won the Tag Team Championship, they could not get along.", "Did they ever win any tag team championships?", "After joining DX, the Outlaws successfully defended their Tag Team Title against the Legion of Doom 2000 at Unforgiven.", "Who did they lose the title to?", "At Over The Edge, the Outlaws and Triple H were defeated by Nation members Owen, Kama Mustafa, and D'Lo Brown in a Six Man Tag Match.", "Did they ever get the title again?", "The Outlaws defeated Mankind to win the titles for the third time.", "Who did they lose that to then?", "In December, the Outlaws lost the title to The Big Boss Man and Ken Shamrock from The Corporation." ]

[ "Badminton at the 1983 Southeast Asian Games was held at Singapore Badminton Hall, Singapore City, Singapore. Badminton events was held between 28 May to 6 June.\n\nMedal winners\nIn the individual events, Indonesia captured 4 titles, while Singapore won a title in the men's singles event. Wong Shoon Keat made a history as the first ever Singaporean player to win a gold medal at the Games.\n\nMedal table\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19830530-1.2.106\n https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19830531-1.2.123\n\n1983\n1983 Southeast Asian Games events\n1983 in badminton", "Maria Alfero (1 March 1922 - 4 September 2001) was an Italian sprinter.\n\nBiography\nShe won bronze medal in the 4×100 metres relay, first medal of ever for the Italian women in a relay race, at the 1938 European Athletics Championships in Vienna, with Maria Apollonio, Rosetta Cattaneo and Italia Lucchini She has 6 caps in national team from 1938 to 1940.\n\nAchievements\n\nNational titles\nMaria Alfero has won one time the individual national championship.\n1 win in the 100 metres (1938)\n\nSee also\n Italy national relay team\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Maria Alfero at TheSports.org\n\n1922 births\n2001 deaths\nItalian female sprinters\nEuropean Athletics Championships medalists" ]

[ "Billy Gunn", "The New Age Outlaws and D-Generation X (1997-1998)", "What were The New Age Outlaws?", "James and Rockabilly were quickly rebranded as \"Road Dogg\" Jesse James and \"Badd Ass\" Billy Gunn, respectively, and their tag team formed was soon dubbed the New Age Outlaws.", "What was the D generation X?", "They also defeated the LOD in a rematch at In Your House: D-Generation X.", "How strong were Jesse and Billy?", "This new team was in the spirit of the new Attitude Era: brash, vulgar, egotistical, and loud-mouthed. They quickly rose to the top of the tag team ranks", "Did they ever lose?", "teamed up with Triple H and Savio Vega (who replaced the injured Shawn Michaels) to face Chainsaw Charlie, Cactus Jack, Owen Hart, and Steve Austin. They were, however, defeated.", "Any other losses?", "During this time, the Outlaws began a feud with Kane and Mankind. Although Kane and Mankind won the Tag Team Championship, they could not get along.", "Did they ever win any tag team championships?", "After joining DX, the Outlaws successfully defended their Tag Team Title against the Legion of Doom 2000 at Unforgiven.", "Who did they lose the title to?", "At Over The Edge, the Outlaws and Triple H were defeated by Nation members Owen, Kama Mustafa, and D'Lo Brown in a Six Man Tag Match.", "Did they ever get the title again?", "The Outlaws defeated Mankind to win the titles for the third time.", "Who did they lose that to then?", "In December, the Outlaws lost the title to The Big Boss Man and Ken Shamrock from The Corporation.", "Did they ever win individual titles?", "James realized both of their careers were going nowhere and suggested that they became a tag team." ]

[ "Tag rugby, or flag rugby, is a non-contact team game in which each player wears a belt that has two velcro tags attached to it, or shorts with velcro patches. The mode of play is based on rugby league with many similarities to touch football, although tag rugby is often deemed a closer simulation of the full contact codes of rugby than touch. Attacking players attempt to dodge, evade and pass a rugby ball while defenders attempt to prevent them scoring by \"tagging\" – pulling a velcro attached tag from the ball carrier, rather than a full contact tackle. Tag rugby is used in development and training by both rugby league and rugby union communities.\n\nTag rugby comes in several forms with OzTag, Try Tag Rugby (UK) and Mini Tag being some of the better known variations. Tag rugby has the highest participation levels in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.\n\nHistory\nAccording to sportswriter Terry Godwin, writing in 1983, tag rugby was first developed in Gibraltar by the Gibraltar Rugby Union. Due to the lack of grass pitches, an alternative variant to rugby union was developed. A 10-inch cord was tucked into the waistband, and its removal by an opponent with a shout of \"tag\", was classed as a 'tackle'. If the attacking team had failed to score by the fourth 'tackle' the defending team were given possession of the ball.\n\nThe codified version of tag rugby was created and pioneered by physical education teacher Nick Leonard in England in 1990 following an idea given to by a former serviceman called Barry Johns. He described to Nick how navy servicemen on board ship or whilst playing on hard grounds overseas played the Gibraltar variant of rugby. Leonard then devised a set of rules suitable for children using belts and coloured ribbons attached by Velcro and organised the first ever schools Tag Rugby festival at UCP Marjons, Plymouth in 1991. This annual event celebrated its 20th festival in 2011.\n\nTag rugby variants\n\nOzTag \nOzTag is a non-contact form of rugby league, and can be seen as a variation of British tag rugby. Cronulla Sharks and St George Dragons halfback Perry Haddock introduced the sport in Australia while coaching the 1992 St George Jersey Flegg side. Together with Chris Parkes, the two took the sport to fields across Australia. Today, it is played by over 200,000 players in organised leagues across the country.\n\nGames are usually played over 20 minutes a half. The normal dimensions of the field are 70×50 metres. Eight players in each team are allowed on the field at a time.\n\nThe attacking team has five plays or tags to try to score a try or take the ball down field as close to the line as possible. Like most versions of tag rugby, a tackle is made when one of two velcro stripes, known as tags, is removed from the ball carrier's shorts.\n\nPlayers can pass and kick the ball and tries are worth one point and there are no conversions. Kicking in general play is allowed but it must be below shoulder height of the referee and on zero count with no play-the-ball (from playing a knock-on advantage for instance) or after the fourth tag.\n\nFor mixed gender games, there is a maximum of four male players per team on the field and a try scored by a female player is worth two points, compared to one point for male players.\n\nMini Tag \n\nThe rules of under-7s Mini Tag possess some rugby union features, like an unlimited tackle count. It does not have an equivalent of the six tags law and instead tackled players must off-load the ball. Under-8s Mini Tag on the other hand, retains a six tag law (RFU Continuum 3.5.g) which requires that on the 7th tag the referee will stop the game and give the ball to the other side. The restart is with a free pass. For the full set of rules of Mini Tag see the Mini Tag Rulebook.\n\nMini Tag is currently the only form of rugby permitted by the English RFU for under-7 and under-8 age groups. Mini Tag requires the use of a size 3 rugby ball and does not allow scrums, line-outs or kicking.\n\nTag rugby worldwide\n\nAustralia\nSince its beginnings in 1992, OzTag (or Walla Tag) has grown in popularity across Australia in urban and rural areas. Twenty-eight teams participated in the first season in summer 1992–1993 playing in the Cronulla and St George areas of Sydney. Today, more than 80,000 players take part in OzTag competitions nationally.\n\nThere are Oztag competitions running all over Australia, with the largest areas located in Sydney, Brisbane and Canberra. Competing teams are in six divisions: women's open, mixed, men's open and men's over-30s, 35s, and 40s.\n\nEngland and Great Britain\nIn 2003–04, the English Rugby Football Union introduced Mini Tag into its junior development program called The Three Stages of the Rugby Continuum, replacing touch rugby.\n\nTag rugby also developed via IMBRL (Inter Message Board Rugby League) where message boards representing clubs took part in tournaments and friendly matches. Some developed into full-contact teams, others became tag teams and others folded. In 2008, a Tag Merit League was established based on the RL Merit League format. The league was developed with the intention to encourage new clubs outside the older IMBRL circuit to play tag rugby league. The Merit League operates on normal rugby league laws with tags taking the place of tackles.\n\nIn 2009 Try Tag Rugby began running adult tag rugby competitions throughout London using OzTag rules. By the summer of 2011, over 1,000 players were regularly taking part in week night evening leagues across London at locations such as Finsbury Park, Gladstone Park, Wandsworth Town, Tooting Bec, Richmond, Shoreditch, Highbury and Southwark Park. The number of competitions continues to expand with over 240 teams competing across venues in London and Reading in the summer of 2014. Try Tag Rugby also host the annual London Tag Rugby Championships which attracts teams from across the UK and Europe. 42 teams registered for the event in 2013, playing 136 matches under 17 referees across nine pitches; a UK record for an adult Tag Rugby tournament. In September 2014 the Rugby Football League and Try Tag Rugby announced that they would be forming a partnership to increase participation in the sport across England. In early 2015 Try Tag Rugby announced they were expanding to Yorkshire, with leagues set to begin in April 2015. Try Tag Rugby have continued to grow the game substantially in 2016 with 507 teams competing in early summer leagues.\n\nTry Tag Rugby are the UK's official delegates of the European Tag Federation (ETF) and the International Tag Football Federation (ITFF). The Great Britain Tag Rugby Team has hosted inbound tours from Australia in 2011 and 2014, and the Tongan over 30s Men's team in 2013. The Great Britain mixed open and men's teams also competed in the 2012 Tag Rugby World Cup in Auckland, New Zealand, while 2013 saw the first annual Britain and Irish Cup. In 2016 Ireland won British & Irish Cup for a third time, by defeating Great Britain 4 - 2 across a record six categories. In 2017 Great Britain competed against Ireland in Cork across six categories once again, with Ireland retaining the cup winning the Mixed Open, Mixed Seniors, Women's Open and Women's Seniors divisions to take a 4-2 Victory.\n\nIn 2018, Great Britain played Ireland at the British & Irish Cup in Dublin, in preparation for the ITF Tag World Cup held in Coffs Harbour Australia in November 2018. The tournament was reduced to four categories and Ireland again retained the cup for a fifth consecutive time narrowly defeating Great Britain by 26-22 competition points with the Great Britain Men's Open and Men's Seniors teams picking up victories.\n\nAt the 2018 ITF Tag World Cup, Great Britain came away with three medals, including a silver medal in the Men's Seniors division, a bronze medal in the Women's Seniors and a Men's Open victory in the Plate competition, whilst the Mixed Open side lost in the Plate Semi-Finals to New Zealand.\n\nIn 2019 off the back of great momentum from the 2018 World Cup, Great Britain won the British & Irish Cup for the first time, defeating Ireland 4–2 in London, winning the Women's Seniors, Women's Open, Men's Open and Mixed Seniors categories, with the tournament once again expanded to six categories.\n\nIreland\n\nThe Irish Tag Rugby Association (ITRA) introduced adult tag rugby to Ireland in 2000 in association with the Irish Rugby Football Union when the first ever league was run for 36 teams. Their league is known as Volvic Tag Wayback Machine. The Irish Rugby Football Union Tag Rugby began to run its own tag rugby leagues in 2007 following a split with ITRA.\n\nThe sport has become particularly popular in Ireland and in 2007, over 28,000 players in the two programmes making up more than 1,700 teams took part in tag rugby at 50 venues all over the country. This increased in 2008 and 2009.\n\nThere are four major types of tag rugby played there. They include men-only leagues, women-only leagues, mixed leagues (in which a minimum of one player must be female with no more than four male players on the pitch), and vets league (over-35s). Each type is usually played in four different ability categories ranging from A league (the most competitive) through B, C, and beginners league (the most inexperienced and usually the least competitive). Veterans leagues comprise teams of players all over 35 yrs old.\n\nMany companies pay for or sponsor company teams as a method of recreation hence this format of rugby's popularity and its non-contact nature makes it playable for mixed sex and age teams and inter-office competitions.\n\nThe Pig 'n' Porter Festival is held each July in Old Crescent RFC, Limerick. It is the largest single Tag Rugby tournament in the world with up to 150 tag teams taking part each year for the top prize. The tournament regularly attracts teams from England, Scotland, France and the Netherlands.\n\nIn 2014 the ITRA introduced Rep rules which aligned their laws with the International Tag Federation. Players have the opportunity of playing for their Regional Teams (Cork, Dublin, Galway, Limerick, Clare and Kildare) from which players can play in the Tag World Cup representing Ireland.\n\nHong Kong \nHKTag developed in direct association with Hong Kong Rugby League (HKRL), itself established in 2015. Leveraging the official rules of OzTag, tag rugby first appeared at the inaugural 2015 HKRL Nines, as a minimal contact, mixed format alternative to rugby league, and brought together more than 100 male and female players.\n\nThe growth of HKTag was the HKRL standout success of 2016. HKTag became the official governing body of Tag Rugby in Hong Kong and launched two more domestic competitions - Battle of Origin and HKTag Super League. This year also saw the introduction of regular social tag rugby sessions throughout spring and summer, which today continue all year round.\n\nHKTag today has a solid community of members, participating in weekly Tag for All sessions, beginners' workshops, summer beach tag and seasonal competitions. The 2018 HKTag Challenge saw its highest ever participation, involving 12 teams and more than 140 players from all over the world.\n\nIn November 2018, Hong Kong sent a squad to the Tag World Cup in Coffs Harbour representing the mixed open and male open divisions.\n\nNew Zealand\nIn the Summer of 1993-4 tag was introduced to New Zealand by John Ackland a development officer with the Auckland Rugby League who had been to Sydney and met with the founder of Oztag Perry Haddock from Oztag Australia to expand the game in Auckland New Zealand. The First Kiwitag module was launched and run by Ackland from Fowlds Park in Auckland on Monday nights for 8–10 weeks. From this tag would begin its growth and development in Auckland and Porirua Wellington. The Otahuhu Tag Module and Wellington would be recognised partners to Oztag in New Zealand. Unfortunately, The game was to implode politically and become fragmented for the next 8 years. The Otahuhu and Porirua based NZTag body lead by Mr Wally Tooman and Mrs Hilda Harawera gained control of the game at international level, with the rest of the tag modules at the time from Howick, Northcote, Mt Albert, Waitemata Pakuranga and Ellerslie excluded and left to fend for themselves with no assistance from Otahuhu-based NZTag or the Auckland Rugby League.\n\nIt was not until the summer of 2000 that a meeting initiated by Stan Martin and William Halligan of the ARL was held at Carlaw Park between all the exiled tag modules to bring everyone together under one umbrella in the Auckland region. This would result in the formation of Auckland Kiwitag Inc with the Otahuhu NZtag Module declining to join the organisation.\n\nOztag Australia's Perry Haddock would eventually reach out to the Chairman of Auckland Kiwitag Mr Claude Iusitini to play New Zealand teams selected from players outside of the Otahuhu Module for the first time and continue to do so to this day. Auckland Kiwitag would continue to administer the game of tag from 2004 to 2009 in amalgamation with Porirua Tag in Wellington then in September 2009 would rebrand and relaunch itself as New Zealand Tag Football Incorporated which has now been the recognised National body for all things tag football in New Zealand for over 10 years.\n\nIn 2003 the New Zealand Rugby Union established \"Rippa rugby\" – a variant of tag football – as a developmental tool and game for young children, and for primary school tournaments.\n\nA split in the Auckland Kiwitag Board would see the launch of another version of tag called Tag20 Rugby a hybrid version of tag in New Zealand which was led by Gary Bauer and Todd Price in partnership with Australia-based Steve 'Chief' Lyons.\n\nTonga\nTonga National Tag Team is the Tonga national tag team also known as Laione Hau or Tonga Tag. Established in October 2011, The first official national Tonga Tag team participated in the Pacific Cup hosted by New Zealand in February 2012. All variants of Tag Rugby and Flag Football are played in Tonga.\n\nSamoa\nSamoan Tag Incorporated is the National Tag Sports body in Samoa. Established in 2018, The first official Tag tournament was held in Apia on 3 February 2018.\n\nSri Lanka\nSri Lanka Oztag, established in 2015, participated in its first official tournament in 2015, the Emerging Nations Tournament before competing at the 2015 World Cup. In 2016, Sri Lanka Oztag won the Emerging Nations Tournament and will be competing in the 2018 World Cup.\n\nUnited States\nA tag game known as EagleTag, or non contact rugby league or flag rugby, is played in the United States using the same rules as Oz Tag. Another tag game based on the laws of rugby union, known as American flag rugby, takes place in a league every Saturday morning in July in Morris County, New Jersey.\n\nInternational tag rugby league festivals\n\nThe Rochdale Swarm International Mixed Tag Rugby League Festival returned for its 7th year on 1 August 2015. Teams from France, Ireland, Scotland and Wales regularly participate alongside teams drawn from Rochdale, including Fijians and the local Asian Community, plus Kiwi and Aussie exiles. This is complemented by teams from all across England. The festival is a non-contact, mixed gender 7-a-side competition, where at least 2 of the 7 are female.\n\nThe Pig 'n' Porter Tag Rugby festival, the largest in the world, is held each July on the grounds of Old Crescent Rugby Club, Limerick, Ireland. Over 120 teams take part in the weekend event. The popularity of the event can also be attributed to the après-tag festivities which include a hog roast and live music.\n\nThe Malta International Tag Rugby Festival was launched in 2011 with teams having contested the festival in its first two seasons from England, Scotland, France and the Maltese islands of Malta and Gozo. The festival is a partner event of the Malta Rugby League (MRL). London's Try Tag Rugby All-Stars have been a regular feature at the festival every year since its inception and the festival is becoming known as 'the hottest tag rugby festival in Europe'. Winners of the Malta International Tag Rugby Festival have been Try Tag Rugby All-Stars - UK (2011), Try Tag Rugby All-Stars - UK (2012) and Tumeke - UK (2013).\n\nIn December 2015 Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia hosted the Tag Rugby World Cup. In November 2018, the Tag Rugby World Cup will be held in Coffs Harbour, Australia.\n\nSee also\n Mini rugby\n Touch football – also known as Touch Rugby\n Flag football – the equivalent spinoff from American football.\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \nInternational\n International Tag Football Federation\nTag Rugby Coach\n\nAustralia\n Oztag Australia\n Tag20 Australia\n\nEngland\n Tag Rugby - RFU\n Try Tag Rugby\n\nFrance\n Sophia Rugby – 1st French Tag Rugby Association\n\nHong Kong\n\n Hong Kong Tag\n\nIreland\n Irish Tag Rugby Association\n Irish Rugby Football Union Tag Rugby\n\nMalta\n Malta Rugby League Tag Rugby\n\nNew Zealand\n New Zealand Tag Football\n\nTonga\n Tonga Tag\n\nSamoa\n \"Samoa Tag Incorporated\"\n\nSouth Africa\n \"Tag Rugby SA\"\n\nUnited States\n \"American Flag Rugby\"\n\nVariations of rugby union\nVariations of rugby league", "WWE (formerly the WWF, the WWWF, and Capitol Wrestling) has maintained at least one primary tag team championship for its male performers since 1958 (except for a two year interim between 1967 and 1969). During periods of brand division, separate tag team titles have been used on each brand.\n\nFor their female performers, a tag team championship existed from 1983 to 1989. The title was abandoned in 1989 due to lack of depth in the division. In 2019, WWE introduced a new women's tag team championship, shared by Raw and SmackDown, followed by one for the NXT brand in 2021.\n\nOverview of titles\n\nMale\n\nFemale\n\nHistory\n\nMale\n\nCapitol Wrestling set up its first tag team championship, the NWA United States Tag Team Championship in 1958. When Capitol seceded from the National Wrestling Alliance in 1963 and became the World Wide Wrestling Federation (WWWF), the championship became the WWWF United States Tag Team Championship. In 1967, WWWF World Heavyweight Champion Bruno Sammartino teamed with Spiros Arion to win the belts. Due to Sammartino being the world champion, the team vacated the tag titles which were then abandoned.\n\nFor two years, the WWWF had no tag team championship until The Rising Suns (Toru Tanaka and Mitsu Arakawa) arrived in the promotion in September 1969 with the WWWF International Tag Team Championship which they claimed to have won in a tournament in Tokyo in June of that year. This became the WWWF's tag team title until 1971, mostly being held by The Mongols. When they left the WWWF, taking the titles with them, the promotion established their own original world tag team championship, the WWWF World Tag Team Championship. In 1979, the promotion became the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) and the tag titles were renamed the WWF Tag Team Championship until 1983 when they became the WWF World Tag Team Championship. \n\nIn May 1985, Tatsumi Fujinami and Kengo Kimura beat Dick Murdoch and Adrian Adonis in a tournament final in Japan for a revival of the old International Tag Team Title of 1969–1971, only for the title to be abandoned again when New Japan and the WWF fell out in October 1985. By 1988, wrestling magazine Pro Wrestling Illustrated was calling for the establishment of a secondary WWF Intercontinental Tag Team Championship (modelled on the WCW United States Tag Team Championship) due to the glut of tag team competition in the promotion. This never took place, but in 1991, WWF-affiliated promotion UWF Japan introduced the WWF Intercontinental Tag Team Championship, claimed by the team of Perro Aguayo and Gran Hamada. This title was abandoned when the affiliation ended later that same year. \n\nIn 2001, the WWF bought rival company World Championship Wrestling (WCW), acquiring the WCW World Tag Team Championship, among other titles, which was defended on WWF programming until that year's Survivor Series, where the WCW World Tag Team Championship was unified into the WWF World Tag Team Championship.\n\t\t \t\nAfter WWF's initial brand extension in the spring of 2002 and the renaming of the company as World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), the tag titles became the WWE Tag Team Championship and champions Billy and Chuck were drafted to the SmackDown brand. That summer, however, The Un-Americans (Christian and Lance Storm) would win the championship and shortly thereafter transfer it to the Raw brand where it was later renamed the World Tag Team Championship, effectively leaving the SmackDown brand without a tag team title. As a result, then-SmackDown general manager Stephanie McMahon introduced a new WWE Tag Team Championship and commissioned it to be the tag team title for the SmackDown brand.\n\t\t\t\nThe two titles were unified in 2009 and were collectively referred to as the \"Unified WWE Tag Team Championship\" while officially remaining independently active until the World Tag Team Championship was formally decommissioned in 2010, leaving the newer title as WWE's only tag team championship. As a result of the 2016 draft, the championship became exclusive to Raw and was renamed the Raw Tag Team Championship, and SmackDown created the SmackDown Tag Team Championship as a counterpart title. In addition, WWE's former developmental territory NXT established the NXT Tag Team Championship in January 2013, which became one of WWE's main titles for male tag teams in September 2019 when NXT became recognized as WWE's third major brand. Another title, the NXT UK Tag Team Championship, debuted for NXT's sister brand NXT UK in 2019, but is recognized as being a step below the other three. The Raw, SmackDown, NXT, and NXT UK tag team titles are WWE's currently active tag team championships for its male performers.\n\nFemale\nPrior to 1983, the WWF did not have a tag team championship for their women's division. In 1983, the reigning NWA Women's World Tag Team Champions of Velvet McIntyre and Princess Victoria joined the WWF. As the WWF had withdrawn from the NWA, which owned the championship, McIntyre and Victoria were recognized as the first WWF Women's Tag Team Champions. The championship continued until 1989, when the promotion abandoned it due to lack of performers in the division. The Glamour Girls (Leilani Kai and Judy Martin) were the final champions.\n\nThe promotion would go without a women's tag team championship for many years. Talk of reviving the titles began circulating in 2012, when a WWE.com article was posted in favor of resurrecting the titles. Female performers were also in favor of adding a women's tag team championship. Online speculation began when WWE announced their first all female event, Evolution, for October, but the titles did not appear. On the December 24 episode of Monday Night Raw, WWE Chairman Vince McMahon officially announced that a new WWE Women's Tag Team Championship would debut in 2019 (and would not carry the lineage of the original title). The Boss 'n' Hug Connection (Bayley and Sasha Banks) became the inaugural champions at Elimination Chamber in February. It was also revealed that the titles would be defended across Raw, SmackDown, and NXT.\n\nThe WWE Women's Tag Team Championship would continue to be defended on NXT until March 2021. On the March 10, 2021 episode of NXT, NXT General Manager William Regal established the NXT Women's Tag Team Championship, naming Dakota Kai and Raquel González as the first champions, due to the controversial ending of their match for the WWE Women's Tag Team Championship the week prior and their having won the first Women's Dusty Rhodes Tag Team Classic. The WWE Women's Tag Team Championship subsequently ceased being available to NXT.\n\nLongest championship reigns\n\nMale\n\nTop 10 tag team championship reigns\nThe following list shows the top 10 tag team championship reigns in WWE history.\n\nSpecific record for each championship\nThe following list shows the longest reigning champion for each tag team championship created and/or promoted by WWE, with the exception of the WWF Intercontinental Tag Team Championship. The team of Perro Aguayo and Gran Hamada won the inaugural championship on January 7, 1991. The title was abandoned at an unknown date, without ever being lost to another team. The length of their reign can thus not be determined.\n\nTitles are listed in order of creation.\n\nFemale\nDue to the short length of the three championships, only the specific record for each is shown.\n\nMost championship reigns\n\nMale\nThe following lists shows the wrestlers with the most reigns for each tag team championship created and/or promoted by WWE.\n\nBy team\n\nBy wrestler\n\nFemale\nThe following lists shows the wrestlers with the most reigns for each tag team championship created and/or promoted by WWE.\n\nBy team\n\nBy wrestler\n\nMost total reigns \nThe following list shows the wrestlers who have the most tag team championship reigns in total as individuals, combining all titles they have held as recognized by WWE. This list also shows the titles that they won to achieve this record.\n\nSee also\n World championships in WWE\n Women's championships in WWE\n\nReferences\n\n \nTag team wrestling championships" ]

[ "Billy Gunn", "The New Age Outlaws and D-Generation X (1997-1998)", "What were The New Age Outlaws?", "James and Rockabilly were quickly rebranded as \"Road Dogg\" Jesse James and \"Badd Ass\" Billy Gunn, respectively, and their tag team formed was soon dubbed the New Age Outlaws.", "What was the D generation X?", "They also defeated the LOD in a rematch at In Your House: D-Generation X.", "How strong were Jesse and Billy?", "This new team was in the spirit of the new Attitude Era: brash, vulgar, egotistical, and loud-mouthed. They quickly rose to the top of the tag team ranks", "Did they ever lose?", "teamed up with Triple H and Savio Vega (who replaced the injured Shawn Michaels) to face Chainsaw Charlie, Cactus Jack, Owen Hart, and Steve Austin. They were, however, defeated.", "Any other losses?", "During this time, the Outlaws began a feud with Kane and Mankind. Although Kane and Mankind won the Tag Team Championship, they could not get along.", "Did they ever win any tag team championships?", "After joining DX, the Outlaws successfully defended their Tag Team Title against the Legion of Doom 2000 at Unforgiven.", "Who did they lose the title to?", "At Over The Edge, the Outlaws and Triple H were defeated by Nation members Owen, Kama Mustafa, and D'Lo Brown in a Six Man Tag Match.", "Did they ever get the title again?", "The Outlaws defeated Mankind to win the titles for the third time.", "Who did they lose that to then?", "In December, the Outlaws lost the title to The Big Boss Man and Ken Shamrock from The Corporation.", "Did they ever win individual titles?", "James realized both of their careers were going nowhere and suggested that they became a tag team.", "Did they ever try to be a tag team again?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Here is a list of all of KF Tirana's Cup seasons from 1939 till end of most recent season. This list shows where they finished the season, how many ties won or lost, how many goals they scored and conceded, how many wins draws and losses they had throughout the season, goal difference, winning difference and number of matches played.\n\nAlbanian Cup Performance Table\n\n Appearances: 70 Seasons\n Winners: 16 Times\n Runners-up: 10 Times\n Semi Finals: 36 Times\n Quarter Finals: 55 Times\n Ties Won: 194 Times\n Ties Lost: 53 Times\n\n Data missing from few of Cup seasons, thus the correct total figures in bold differ from some of added sums on the table above.\n\nAll Finals results\n\nHead-to-head\n\n Data missing from few of Cup seasons, thus the correct total figures in bold differ from some of added sums on the table above.\n Last updated: 70th Cup\n\nRecent seasons\n\nAlso look\n\nKF Tirana Statistics in Albanian Superliga\n\nReferences\n\nKF Tirana", "Gennady Golovkin vs. David Lemieux was a boxing title fight broadcast on HBO pay-per-view at Madison Square Garden on October 17, 2015.\n\nBackground \nThe card was promoted by Golden Boy Promotions and K2 Promotions. The bout was to unify the WBA (Super), IBF, WBC interim, and IBO middleweight titles. The PPV buys were 150,000. Tom Loefler of K2 Promotions said after the GGG vs. Jacobs fight that GGG vs. Lemieux did 163,000 PPV buys.\n\nWinners in all matches are highlighted in bold.\n\nBroadcast \nThe telecast of the fight was televised via [HBO PPV].\n\nReferences \n\nBoxing matches\n2015 in sports in New York City\n2015 in boxing\nOctober 2015 sports events in the United States" ]

[ "Hildegard of Bingen", "Music" ]

[ "\"That's What Little Girls Are Made Of\" is the debut mainstream single from Raven-Symoné featuring rapper Missy Elliott (credited as her full name \"Melissa Elliott\"), taken from her debut studio album, Here's to New Dreams. This is Symoné's highest chart appearance to date.\n\nThe song was written and produced by Missy Elliott, who performs a verse of scat singing and Jamaican-style toasting, but the music video featured a thinner light-skinned actress lip-syncing her part. On Behind the Music Elliott reveals that she was not informed of the video shoot and later told she \"didn't quite fit the image that we were looking for\" — later taking her revenge with an oversized garbage-bag costume in her groundbreaking 1997 video \"The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly).\" Despite the setback Elliott received by the music industry over not being in the video; Elliott and Symone have expressed on Twitter respect for each other which the latter expressed interest in another collaboration.\n\nTrack listing \n12\"\n\"That's What Little Girls Are Made Of\" — 3:15\n\nCassette\n\"That's What Little Girls Are Made Of\"— 3:15\n\nVinyl, 12\"\n\"That's What Little Girls Are Made Of\" (Extended Dub Remix) — 5:25\n\"That's What Little Girls Are Made Of\" (Bogle Mix) — 3:52\n\"That's What Little Girls Are Made Of\" (Raggamuffin Dub Semi-Instrumental) — 3:56\n\nCD Single, Vinyl, 12\", Promo\n\"That's What Little Girls Are Made Of\" (Album Version) — 5:25\n\"That's What Little Girls Are Made Of\" (Album Dub Version) — 3:52\n\"That's What Little Girls Are Made Of\" (Dub Remix Radio Edit) — 5:28\n\"That's What Little Girls Are Made Of\" (Boogie Mix) — 3:52\n\"That's What Little Girls Are Made Of\" (Extended Dub Instrumental) — 5:27\n\"That's What Little Girls Are Made Of\" (Raggamuffin Dub Semi-instrumental) — 3:56\n\nChart positions\n\nReferences \n\n1993 debut singles\nRaven-Symoné songs\nMissy Elliott songs\nSongs written by Missy Elliott\nSongs based on children's songs\n1992 songs\nMCA Records singles", "Evan Marshall is a virtuoso mandolinist, prominent as an arranger of classical music pieces for the mandolin and proponent of the duo style of playing. His name comes up in mandolin-oriented music circles as one of the best of modern mandolin players, one who has taken the techniques of early mandolin soloists to new levels. He is also a recording artist with Rounder Records and teaches mandolin. He has given classes for the Classical Mandolin Society of America, the Mandolin Symposium and the American Mandolin and Guitar Summer School, and has been associated with the Conservatory of Music at Biola University. As a performer, he has worked as a featured guest with several symphony orchestras, including the Houston Symphony, Phoenix Symphony, and Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra. He is a former member of Billy Hill and the Hillbillies.\n\nEarly beginnings\nMarshall played the violin from the time he was 7-years old, playing classical. He was inspired by Chet Atkins and learned about bluegrass music after seeing Atkins play on television. He pursued bluegrass, joining a folk music club, and when he was 14 years old, discovered the mandolin, by way of a clubmember with a mandolin at home.\n\nDuo style\nMarshall plays with what he calls a \"musician's sleight of hand\", the duo style. Duo style is a technique in which the mandolin player plays both the melody line of music, as well as harmonic parts, sounding like more than one instrument. The technique was made famous by Giovanni Gioviale in the early 1900s. In the American tradition, the technique was used by early mandolin virtuosos Samuel Siegel, Valentine Abt and Seth Weeks in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries.\n\nWorks\nMarshall arranges music for the mandolin. Although he has been labeled a classical musician on the internet, his arrangements include American pop music, Beatles tunes and movie music.\n\nRecorded Music\n Mandolin Unlimited (1987) Rounder Records, produced by Mark O'Connor\n Mandolin Magic (1990) Rounder Records, produced and Engineered by David Grisman\n Evan Marshall is the Lone Arranger (1995) Rounder Records\n Billy Tell & Vanilla Schubert: Evan J. Marshall, Solo Mandolin (2005) EvanJMarshall.com \n A Mandolin for Christmas (2008) EvanJMarshall.com \n Mr. Solo Mandolin: Evan J. Marshall, Solo Mandolin (2008) EvanJMarshall.com \n Twin Mandolin Slingers with Brian Oberlin (2015) EvanJMarshall.com \n Mandolin Mystery Tour (2016) EvanJMarshall.com \n Beethoven Country with Estudiantina de San Gabriel (2016) EvanJMarshall.com\n\nInstructional works\n Duo-Style A to Z: A Comprehensive Method for Solo Mandolin in Duo-Style, from Entry Level to Artist Level\n\nSheet music\n Caprice # 1 for Solo Mandolin\n 1812 Fantasy, for Solo Mandolin in Duo-Style\n Joyful Variations on a Theme of Beethoven, for Solo Mandolin in Duo-Style\n Ave Maria, by Franz Schubert, arranged for Solo Mandolin in Duo-Style\n Pastorale, by G. F. Handel, arranged for Solo Mandolin in Duo-Style\n Maria, Mari!, by Eduardo DiCapua, arranged for Solo Mandolin in Duo-Style\n\nExternal links\nEvan's website:\n http://evanjmarshall.com/\n\nReferences\n\nAmerican mandolinists\nAmerican music arrangers\nAmerican music educators\nAmerican performance artists\nLiving people\nAmerican classical mandolinists\nClassical mandolinists\nYear of birth missing (living people)" ]

[ "Hildegard of Bingen", "Music", "What style of music he made?", "sixty-nine musical compositions, each with its own original poetic text, survive, and at least four other texts are known, though their musical notation has been lost." ]

[ "Katie Waissel is the debut studio album by British singer-songwriter Katie Waissel, released on 14 March 2011.\n\nBackground\nThe song \"The Ugly Truth\" premiered four days before the release of Katie Waissel. The day before the release of the album, she performed the song \"The Ugly Truth\" on The Alan Titchmarsh Show. The entire album is composed of songs recorded during her time on Green Eyed World, when she was signed to Chamberlain Records, this release concluding her two-record contract. Several of the songs can be heard as background music or as Katie performing them on Green Eyed World. Waissel spoke on the album:\n\n“I’m so excited that this album is ready for a release. I co-wrote these songs so they mean a lot to me. To have the opportunity to share them with everyone is a dream come true for me.”\n\nOther songs recorded with Chamberlain Records that have not featured on any release by Waissel but are available online are: a cover of \"Love Me Tender\", \"Love, Life and Money\", \"Crystal Lagoon\", \"Ray of Light\", \"Whole Lotta Love\", \"Rock Steady!\", and \"Maybe\". Katie Waissel did not chart on the UK Albums Chart, or see a full physical release. Since the album's release, Waissel has formed a four-member rock band named \"Red Velvet\", who are expected to release their own debut album.\n\nTrack listing\n\nNotes\n a \"Moving Mountains\" was also previously included on The Private Life of David Reed's self-titled debut album, with Waissel under the alias of \"Lola Fontaine\".\n\n b Acoustic version of \"He's In Love\"\n\nReferences\n\n2011 debut albums\nKatie Waissel albums", "The Redemption is the second studio album by American singer Brooke Hogan. The album was released on July 21, 2009 under SoBe Entertainment and Fontana Records. Brooke collaborated with several artists for the album, including Stack$, Colby O'Donis, and Flo Rida. The album received more positive reviews than her debut, but sold only approximately 15,000 copies to date. A Mixtape was released on July 4, 2009 en-titled \"Judgment Day\" to coincide with the release of \"The Redemption\".\n\nRecording\nThe album was recorded in Miami, Florida and Los Angeles, California. After Brooke's debut album, Undiscovered, failed to achieve much success, Brooke began recording new material for a second album only two months after the release. However, Brooke stated at the time, in December 2006, that the recording was not serious, and more for fun than for another record. Brooke was slated to re-release her debut album in February 2007, but opted to record her second album instead. Brooke did more writing throughout the spring of 2007, and stated she would be splitting from her label, SoBe Entertainment. Brooke later retracted those statements in August 2007, but did state she was very unhappy with her debut album and did not feel it truly reflected her as an artist. Brooke also stated she felt \"controlled\" by and disliked working with Scott Storch, and consequently would be departing from his company, SMC, but would remain with SoBe Entertainment. Brooke then stated in October she had signed with another label that works alongside SoBe Entertainment, called Fontana Records, and she was very happy with them. Brooke stated in November 2007 that she was then seriously recording her second album, and it would be released in late spring or early summer of 2008.\n\nIn July 2008, Hogan stated she wanted to write and record more songs as she was enjoying taking time with the album which she felt was more \"her\". In September 2008, Brooke stated she was 50% done with the album, and could have it out by March 2009. Hogan later stated in March 2009 she was about 90% done with the album, and would record over the course of the next two or three months, just to make sure it was a better album than her first, because she felt that she made a lot of mistakes making that album. In early May 2009, Brooke recorded the second single \"Hey Yo!\" with Colby O'Donis, and eventually had a short fling with him as seen on Brooke Knows Best. Hogan stated on June 18, 2009, she was finally done with what she called her best album. Brooke stated she had spent two and a half years making the album, and had recorded from December 2006 to June 2009.\n\nSingles\n \"Falling\" was released as the first official single from the album on March 31, 2009. The song was announced to be the official lead single from her second album in early March 2009, after the promo single \"By Heart\". A music video was filmed in mid-April 2009, and premiered on May 19, 2009 on her official website. After the song failed to garner success, Brooke stated that she was recording even more material, and that her album was going to be released on June 30, 2009.\n \"Hey Yo!\" was released as the second official single from the album on June 30, 2009. Hogan confirmed on July 3 that she would be filming the video right before the album's release. After only a few days the song debuted at number 48 on iTunes.\n \"Ruff Me Up\" was going to be released as the third official single from the album on September 8, 2009. The song was announced as the third single on July 10, 2009. A video was to be filmed in mid-August 2009, but was then re-scheduled to late September, and the release of the single up to September 8, 2009 until being canceled in favor of \"Strip\", which eventually was canceled too.\n\nCritical reception\n\nReviews for the album have been fairly mixed, but more positive than reviews for her debut album Undiscovered.\n\nUs Weekly gave the album a positive 3 out of 4 stars review, stating: \"Brooke Hogan knows best . . . not to put out a CD like her weak 2006 debut. Luckily, the VH1 reality star, 21, has whipped up a much-improved set of pop love songs for her second effort.\"\n\nAllmusic gave the album a mixed 2 and 1/2 stars stating: \"In a sense, there's a crass purity to the bad taste of Redemption, as it's nothing more than the product of a pretty, curvy girl who just wants to sing, and producers who create tracks to fit those curves, and if it's not a lot of fun to hear Hogan and team race toward the same goal on parallel tracks, at least it produces a whole lot of bewildered fascination.\"\n\nRon Harris of the Associated Press wrote: \"Brooke Hogan may know best on her reality show, but she should have known better than churning out the lackluster album \"The Redemption.\" It's all tricks, and few treats. On most songs it's hard to tell where the vocoder and production tricks end and Hogan's own voice begins. This is bad, since Hogan has a perfectly fine pop music voice. But she lets the folks behind the mixing board overpower her to a fault.\"\n\nCommercial reception\nThe Redemption debuted at number 144 on the Billboard 200 with 3,381 copies sold.\n\nIn popular culture\nThe album's second track \"Strip\" was featured in the pilot episode of Comedy Central's The Jeff Dunham Show, in which Hogan made a guest appearance.\n\nTrack listing\n\nCharts\n\nRelease history\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Official Website\n\n2009 albums\nBrooke Hogan albums\nAlbums produced by Shep Goodman" ]

[ "Hildegard of Bingen", "Music", "What style of music he made?", "sixty-nine musical compositions, each with its own original poetic text, survive, and at least four other texts are known, though their musical notation has been lost.", "Did she have a album release", "One of her better known works, Ordo Virtutum (Play of the Virtues), is a morality play." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Hildegard of Bingen", "Music", "What style of music he made?", "sixty-nine musical compositions, each with its own original poetic text, survive, and at least four other texts are known, though their musical notation has been lost.", "Did she have a album release", "One of her better known works, Ordo Virtutum (Play of the Virtues), is a morality play.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "In addition to the Ordo Virtutum, Hildegard composed many liturgical songs that were collected into a cycle called the Symphonia armoniae celestium revelationum." ]

[ "What Else Do You Do? (A Compilation of Quiet Music) is a various artists compilation album, released in 1990 by Shimmy Disc.\n\nTrack listing\n\nPersonnel \nAdapted from the What Else Do You Do? (A Compilation of Quiet Music) liner notes.\n Kramer – production, engineering\n\nRelease history\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\n1990 compilation albums\nAlbums produced by Kramer (musician)\nShimmy Disc compilation albums", "Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday? is a 1963 children's book published by Beginner Books and written by Helen Palmer Geisel, the first wife of Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss). Unlike most of the Beginner Books, Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday? did not follow the format of text with inline drawings, being illustrated with black-and-white photographs by Lynn Fayman, featuring a boy named Rawli Davis. It is sometimes misattributed to Dr. Seuss himself. The book's cover features a photograph of a young boy sitting at a breakfast table with a huge pile of pancakes.\n\nActivities mentioned in the book include bowling, water skiing, marching, boxing, and shooting guns with the United States Marines, and eating more spaghetti \"than anyone else has eaten before.\n\nHelen Palmer's photograph-based children's books did not prove to be as popular as the more traditional text-and-illustrations format; however, Do You Know What I'm Going To Do Next Saturday received positive reviews and was listed by The New York Times as one of the best children's books of 1963. The book is currently out of print.\n\nReferences\n\n1963 children's books\nAmerican picture books" ]

[ "Hildegard of Bingen", "Music", "What style of music he made?", "sixty-nine musical compositions, each with its own original poetic text, survive, and at least four other texts are known, though their musical notation has been lost.", "Did she have a album release", "One of her better known works, Ordo Virtutum (Play of the Virtues), is a morality play.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "In addition to the Ordo Virtutum, Hildegard composed many liturgical songs that were collected into a cycle called the Symphonia armoniae celestium revelationum.", "What else did she do", "Scholars such as Margot Fassler, Marianne Richert Pfau, and Beverly Lomer also note the intimate relationship between music and text in Hildegard's compositions," ]

[ "Does Anybody Miss Me is a 1969 album by Shirley Bassey. \nIn 1969 Bassey moved her home to Lugano, Switzerland, with her second husband Sergio Novak, whom she had married in Las Vegas in August 1968. Remaining as a tax exile prevented her from performing and recording in the UK. In this period she continued to perform and record in Italy and the US. This album was recorded in the US and produced by the American producer Dave Pell, with arrangements by Artie Butler. The tracks on this album are a selection of standards and show tunes. The title track Does Anybody Miss Me was issued as a single in the UK, backed with the non album track Fa Fa Fa, but this failed to make any impression on the chart. Does Anybody Miss Me has remained part of her live show and was recorded as the opening track of the album Live At Talk Of The Town in 1970. This album saw Bassey re-record her 1958 UK #1 hit single As I Love You which she had previously released on the Philips label.\n\nAlso issued in the US as Does Anybody Miss Me there the album did not include the re-recording of As I Love You and Think Of Me.\nThe original album was issued in mono and stereo. The stereo version of this album has been released on CD twice, firstly, in the late 1990s, on the EMI 2-CD set Shirley Bassey The Collection and a digitally re-mastered release for CD in 2009 together with This Is My Life by BGO Records.\n\nTrack listing \nSide One.\n\"Does Anybody Miss Me\" (Les Reed, Johnny Worth) - 2.25\n\"I'll Never Fall in Love Again\" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) - 2.50\n\"Never, Never, No\" (David Buskin) - 2.59\n\"Picture Puzzle\" (Larry Grossman, Hal Hackady) - 2.33\n\"I Only Miss Him\" (Carol Hall) - 2.27\n\"As I Love You\" (Jay Livingston, Ray Evans) - 2.17\nSide Two.\n\"Think of Me\" (Fred Bongusto, Franco Migliacci, Jack Fishman) - 2.59\n\"(You Are) My Way of Life\" (Carl Sigman, Bert Kaempfert, Herb Rehbein) - 2.21\n\"We\" (Rod McKuen, Henry Mancini) - 3.04\n\"Give Me You\" (Hal Hackady, Larry Grossman) - 2.25\n\"It's Always 4 A.M.\" (Sammy Cahn, Ron Anthony) - 3.25\n\"Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me\" (Harry Noble) - 2.53\n\nPersonnel\n Shirley Bassey – vocal\n Dave Pell – Producer\n Noel Walker - Producer Tracks 5 and 6\n Artie Butler – arranger, conductor\n Ivor Raymond – arranger Tracks 5 and 6\n\nReferences \n\nShirley Bassey albums\n1969 albums\nUnited Artists Records albums\nAlbums produced by Dave Pell", "\"Has Anybody Here Seen Kelly?\", with music and lyrics by C. W. Murphy and Will Letters (1908), is a British music hall song, originally titled \"Kelly From the Isle of Man\". The song concerns a Manx woman looking for her boyfriend during a visit to London. It was adapted for American audiences by William McKenna in 1909 for the musical The Jolly Bachelors. Kelly is the most common surname on the Isle of Man.\n\nMurphy and Letters originally wrote the song for Florrie Forde, as a follow-up to another Murphy song written for Forde, \"Oh, Oh, Antonio\", a success in 1908. Forde regularly performed on the Isle of Man, between England and Ireland, each summer, and \"Has Anybody Here Seen Kelly?\" made reference to \"Kelly from the Isle of Man\" as being \"as bad as old Antonio\". The song was immediately successful, becoming \"the rage all over England\". In discussing the song, Murphy said: \"To find a refrain which will go with a swing is the secret of success in popular song-writing for the general public... It must have a melody in which 'something sticks out', so to speak.\"\n\nIn the American adaptation of the song, lyrics were changed to describe Kelly as being from Ireland and visiting New York; Irish songs and performers were popular with vaudeville audiences. In Nora Bayes' 1910 recording of the song, she gives a wink to her own Jewish heritage by \"accidentally\" singing \"Has anybody here seen Levi...I mean Kelly.\"\n\nIn 1926, Max Fleischer produced an animated short in the DeForest Phonofilm sound-on-film process as part of his \"Song Car-Tunes\" series. In 1928, William Wyler directed a feature film starring Bessie Love with this title. In 1943, the song was performed in the film musical Hello, Frisco, Hello. An instrumental rendition can be heard throughout the 1949 film It Happens Every Spring. It functions like a theme song for the main character - a science professor who becomes a baseball star under the pseudonym 'King Kelly'. In 1978's Ziegfeld: The Man & His Women, Inga Swenson, as Nora Bayes, sings the song during the scene of the first Ziegfeld Follies in 1908. In the 1956 Adelphi Films release - restored in 2020 by Silver Salt Restoration - Stars In Your Eyes, Pat Kirkwood sings the song.\n\nIn 1917, the British composer Havergal Brian based much of the opening scene of his opera The Tigers around the song (or rather round the refrain), which runs beneath and through the action as policeman search for a missing person during a Bank Holiday carnival on Hampstead Heath. A few years later he extracted the music, without the vocal parts or transferring those parts to instruments, as an independent orchestral work, Symphonic Variations on 'Has Anybody Here Seen Kelly?'''.\n\nLyrics\nKelly and his sweetheart wore a very pleasant smile,\nAnd sent upon a holiday they went from Mona's Isle,\nThey landed safe in London but alas it's sad to say,\nFor Kelly lost his little girl up Piccadilly way.\nShe searched for him in vain and then of course began to fret,\nAnd this is the appeal she made to everyone she met:\n\nHas anybody here seen Kelly?\nK-E-double-L-Y.\nHas anybody here seen Kelly?\nFind him if you can!\nHe's as bad as old Antonio,\nLeft me on my own-ee-o,\nHas anybody here seen Kelly?\nKelly from the Isle of Man!\n\nWhen it started raining she exclaimed, \"What shall I do?\"\nFor Kelly had her ticket and her spending money too,\nShe wandered over London like a hound upon the scent,\nAt last she found herself outside the Houses of Parliament.\nShe got among the suffragettes who chained her to the grille,\nAnd soon they heard her shouting in a voice both loud and shrill:\n\nHas anybody here seen Kelly?\nK-E-double-L-Y.\nHas anybody here seen Kelly?\nFind him if you can!\nHe's as bad as old Antonio,\nLeft me on my own-ee-o,\nHas anybody here seen Kelly?\nKelly from the Isle of Man!\n\nIn other media\nA verse from an adaptation of the song was featured in the film Catch Me If You Can on a broadcast of the 1960s television program Sing Along With Mitch. The song was also referenced in a 1959 episode of the television series Bachelor Father'' titled \"Bentley, the Hero\". The theme tune to Kelly Monteith's BBC TV series also used part of the song's music.\n\nThe song appears in the 2018 film \"The Ballad of Buster Scruggs\" directed by the Coen Brothers. The film is a six-part episodic Western with the song featuring in the sixth and final segment, \"The Mortal Remains\". The song was performed by Jonjo O'Neill with the song's title character's name being changed from 'Kelly' to 'Molly'. It is not known why this change was made, but it has been speculated that the softer sound of 'Molly' made the song more audibly appeasing.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n 1926 animated version at IMDB\n 1926 animated version at SilentEra\n 1928 live-action film at IMDB\n Hello, Frisco, Hello at IMDB\n\nSongs about London\n1908 songs\nBritish songs\nSongs with music by C. W. Murphy\nWomen's suffrage in England" ]

[ "Hildegard of Bingen", "Music", "What style of music he made?", "sixty-nine musical compositions, each with its own original poetic text, survive, and at least four other texts are known, though their musical notation has been lost.", "Did she have a album release", "One of her better known works, Ordo Virtutum (Play of the Virtues), is a morality play.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "In addition to the Ordo Virtutum, Hildegard composed many liturgical songs that were collected into a cycle called the Symphonia armoniae celestium revelationum.", "What else did she do", "Scholars such as Margot Fassler, Marianne Richert Pfau, and Beverly Lomer also note the intimate relationship between music and text in Hildegard's compositions,", "Did she work with anybody", "I don't know." ]

[ "Else Kleen (newspaper pseudonym, Gwen; 1882–1968) was a Swedish journalist, author, and social reformer.\n\nBiography\nShe was a well-known participator in public debate in the Swedish press for sixty years. She was a reporter at Dagens Nyheter from 1906 to 1910, at Stockholms Dagblad in 1910, and at Stockholms-Tidningen from 1911 to 1961. She was co-founder of the Hjälpföreningen för psykisk hälsovård (Association for Mental Health Care) and a member of its board from 1917 to 1968, and a board member of Långholmen prison from 1946 to 1968. As an author, she is perhaps most known as a fashion journalist, advising women on how to dress elegantly and practically at a small cost. As a social reformer, she is known for her struggle for a humane treatment of the insane and prison inmates.\n\nReferences\n Else Kleen, urn:sbl:11564, Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (art av Hilding Eek), hämtad 2015-11-12.\n\nFurther reading \n \n\n1882 births\n1968 deaths\nSwedish women journalists\n20th-century Swedish journalists", "Else Freiin von Richthofen (October 8, 1874 - December 22, 1973) was among the early female social scientists in Germany.\n\nLife and career\nElisabeth Helene Amalie Sophie Freiin (Baroness) von Richthofen (also known as Else Jaffé) was born into the German nobility at Château-Salins (France). Her father was Friedrich Ernst Emil Ludwig Freiherr von Richthofen (1844-1915), an engineer in the Imperial German Army, and Anna Elise Lydia Marquier (1852-1930).\n\nWhile Else von Richthofen started her professional career as a teacher, she enrolled at Heidelberg University at a time when this was still very unusual for women; she was one of just four female students at the time. She earned a doctorate in economics in 1901 and started to work as a labour inspector in Karlsruhe. \n\nShe married (1865-1921), another former student of Max Weber, in 1902, and he was a well-known economist and entrepreneur. It was Jaffé who bought the journal Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik of which Max Weber became one of the editors. With Jaffé, she had three children, Friedel (born 1903), Marianne (born 1905) and Hans (born 1909). \n\nElse became acquainted to intellectuals and authors, including the sociologists and economists Max Weber and Alfred Weber, the psychoanalyst Otto Gross, the writer Fanny zu Reventlow and others. She started an affair with Otto Gross with whom she had a fourth child, Peter (1907-ca. 1915). She also had an affair with her former professor Max Weber and his brother Alfred Weber, with whom she lived together in the same house for several years after her husband died.\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\nJanet Byrne: A Genius for Living - A Biography of Frieda Lawrence, Bloomsbury, 1995.\nGreen, Martin Burgess: The Von Richthofen Sisters\n\nExternal links \nfinding aid for Else von Richthofen papers, 1898-1985 at Tufts Digital Collections and Archives\n\nGerman baronesses\nElse von Richthofen\n1874 births\n1973 deaths" ]

[ "Hildegard of Bingen", "Music", "What style of music he made?", "sixty-nine musical compositions, each with its own original poetic text, survive, and at least four other texts are known, though their musical notation has been lost.", "Did she have a album release", "One of her better known works, Ordo Virtutum (Play of the Virtues), is a morality play.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "In addition to the Ordo Virtutum, Hildegard composed many liturgical songs that were collected into a cycle called the Symphonia armoniae celestium revelationum.", "What else did she do", "Scholars such as Margot Fassler, Marianne Richert Pfau, and Beverly Lomer also note the intimate relationship between music and text in Hildegard's compositions,", "Did she work with anybody", "I don't know.", "What else was she known for", "According to him, the poetry and music of Hildegard's Symphonia would therefore be concerned with the anatomy of female desire" ]

[ "The situation, task, action, result (STAR) format is a technique used by interviewers to gather all the relevant information about a specific capability that the job requires. \n\n Situation: The interviewer wants you to present a recent challenging situation in which you found yourself.\n Task: What were you required to achieve? The interviewer will be looking to see what you were trying to achieve from the situation. Some performance development methods use “Target” rather than “Task”. Job interview candidates who describe a “Target” they set themselves instead of an externally imposed “Task” emphasize their own intrinsic motivation to perform and to develop their performance.\n Action: What did you do? The interviewer will be looking for information on what you did, why you did it and what the alternatives were.\n Results: What was the outcome of your actions? What did you achieve through your actions? Did you meet your objectives? What did you learn from this experience? Have you used this learning since?\n\nThe STAR technique is similar to the SOARA technique.\n\nThe STAR technique is also often complemented with an additional R on the end STARR or STAR(R) with the last R resembling reflection. This R aims to gather insight and interviewee's ability to learn and iterate. Whereas the STAR reveals how and what kind of result on an objective was achieved, the STARR with the additional R helps the interviewer to understand what the interviewee learned from the experience and how they would assimilate experiences. The interviewee can define what they would do (differently, the same, or better) next time being posed with a situation.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nThe ‘STAR’ technique to answer behavioral interview questions\nThe STAR method explained\n\nJob interview", "SOARA (Situation, Objective, Action, Results, Aftermath) is a job interview technique developed by Hagymas Laszlo, Professor of Language at the University of Munich, and Alexander Botos, Chief Curator at the National Institute of Economic and Social Research. It is similar to the Situation, Task, Action, Result technique. In many interviews, SOARA is used as a structure for clarifying information relating to a recent challenge.\n\nDetails\n\n Situation: The interviewer wants you to present a recent challenge and situation you found yourself in.\n Objective: What did you have to achieve? The interviewer will be looking to see what you were trying to achieve from the situation.\n Action: What did you do? The interviewer will be looking for information on what you did, why you did it and what were the alternatives.\n Results: What was the outcome of your actions? What did you achieve through your actions and did you meet your objectives.\n Aftermath: What did you learn from this experience and have you used this learning since?\n\nJob interview" ]

[ "Hildegard of Bingen", "Music", "What style of music he made?", "sixty-nine musical compositions, each with its own original poetic text, survive, and at least four other texts are known, though their musical notation has been lost.", "Did she have a album release", "One of her better known works, Ordo Virtutum (Play of the Virtues), is a morality play.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "In addition to the Ordo Virtutum, Hildegard composed many liturgical songs that were collected into a cycle called the Symphonia armoniae celestium revelationum.", "What else did she do", "Scholars such as Margot Fassler, Marianne Richert Pfau, and Beverly Lomer also note the intimate relationship between music and text in Hildegard's compositions,", "Did she work with anybody", "I don't know.", "What else was she known for", "According to him, the poetry and music of Hildegard's Symphonia would therefore be concerned with the anatomy of female desire", "What else did you learn about her", "one scholar has asserted that Hildegard made a close association between music and the female body in her musical compositions." ]

[ "Hilbert's twenty-fourth problem is a mathematical problem that was not published as part of the list of 23 problems known as Hilbert's problems but was included in David Hilbert's original notes. The problem asks for a criterion of simplicity in mathematical proofs and the development of a proof theory with the power to prove that a given proof is the simplest possible.\n\nThe 24th problem was rediscovered by German historian Rüdiger Thiele in 2000, noting that Hilbert did not include the 24th problem in the lecture presenting Hilbert's problems or any published texts. Hilbert's friends and fellow mathematicians Adolf Hurwitz and Hermann Minkowski were closely involved in the project but did not have any knowledge of this problem.\n\nThis is the full text from Hilbert's notes given in Rüdiger Thiele's paper. The section was translated by Rüdiger Thiele.\n\nIn 2002, Thiele and Larry Wos published an article on Hilbert's twenty-four problem with a discussion about its relation to various issues in automated reasoning, logic, and mathematics.\n\nReferences\n\n24", "Ngozi Sylvia Oluchi Ezeokafor (commonly known as Sylvya Oluchy) is a Nigerian actress. She won the Most Promising Act of the Year award in the Best of Nollywood Awards. She shared photos of herself in a semi-nude way. She then said in an interview with Showtime Celebrities that she sees no big deal in going nude.\n\nEarly life \nSylvia Oluchi was born in Lagos and raised in Abuja. She studied theatre Arts at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University in Awka, Anambra State.\n\nCareer \nAccording to her, she never wanted to be an actress until her mom told her \"you will make a good actress\" after noticing her unique talent in mimicking her school teachers. In 2011, she played the role of Shaniqua in the popular Atlanta TV series. During interviews with Best of Nollywood Magazine and YES International Magazine Sylvia made national headlines when asked if she had any boundaries or limits her acting profession, she replied \"I don’t have any boundaries because my body is my laptop. Others have their laptops and files, what I have are body and voice, Even the concept of nudity, I don’t have any problems what so ever...\"\n\nFilmography\n\nAwards\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nLiving people\n21st-century Nigerian actresses\nActresses from Lagos\nNnamdi Azikiwe University alumni" ]

[ "Mick Taylor", "1949-69: Early life" ]

[ "Wooden Joe Nicholas (September 23, 1883 – November 17, 1957) was an American jazz trumpeter and cornetist, active on the early New Orleans jazz scene. \n\nHe was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. Nicholas began playing professionally on clarinet, and continued occasionally doubling on it in later years after he had mostly switched to cornet. Nicholas knew Buddy Bolden and said Bolden was the main influence on his cornet style, but did not begin playing cornet until 1915 when he was playing clarinet with King Oliver, and started playing around with Oliver's cornet while Oliver was on break.\n\nHe lived nearly his entire life in New Orleans, and played in many brass bands and street ensembles in the city for decades, in addition to forming the Camelia Brass Band in 1918. He was famed for his volume and his endurance, though these are not evident on most of his recordings (a notable exception being his driving version of \"Shake It and Break It\", American Music Records MX 800). Nicholas did not record until 1945, when he was 62 years old, and by that time he was far past his prime. He recorded again in 1949 as a leader, in addition to playing with Raymond Burke.\n\nNicholas died in New Orleans in November 1957. He was the uncle of clarinetist Albert Nicholas.\n\nReferences\nFootnotes\n\nGeneral references\nScott Yanow, [ Wooden Joe Nicholas] at AllMusic\n\n1883 births\n1957 deaths\nAmerican jazz cornetists\nAmerican jazz trumpeters\nAmerican male trumpeters\n20th-century trumpeters\nJazz musicians from Louisiana\n20th-century American male musicians\nAmerican male jazz musicians", "\"Xmas Steps\" or \"Christmas Steps\" is a song by Scottish post-rock group Mogwai. The original version of the song (\"Xmas Steps\") is the lead track from the 1998 EP No Education = No Future (Fuck the Curfew), and a slightly different version (\"Christmas Steps\") appears on the 1999 album Come On Die Young.\n\nOverview\n\"Xmas Steps\" is an eleven-minute-long instrumental, in the key of C♯ minor. \"Christmas Steps\" is a rerecorded version which retains the basic structure and composition, but is shorter in length, performed significantly slower and features clearer dynamic contrast and better production value. The song is named after Christmas Steps, a road in Bristol, South West England. The song was featured on the 1999 compilation album, Everything Is Nice: The Matador Records 10th Anniversary Anthology, incorrectly labelled as \"Xmas Steps\".\n\nMusical composition (\"Xmas Steps\")\n\"Xmas Steps\" begins with the same guitar melody as \"Christmas Steps\". This is repeated until (0:30), when a second guitar begins doubling the melody, with slight variations. At (0:45), the Hi-hat begins quietly keeping time, and the melody is repeated until (1:31), where it is joined quietly by a bass guitar, playing a counter-melody.\nAt (1:46), both the guitars begin playing a counter-melody, until (2:01), where one guitar plays an independent counter-melody, which is repeated until (2:44), where both guitars begin to steadily strum chords. At (3:20), the Hi-hat stops keeping time, leading the guitars into a gradual crescendo, joined at (3:27) by the bass, which plays the same chords as the guitars, with a different rhythm. The guitars increase steadily in volume and tempo, until (4:20), where the drums enter and the guitars begin playing a chord structure based around the chords of C♯ minor, C♯ suspended 2nd, and A major. At (4:52), the guitars suddenly turn distorted, repeating the chord structure, until (5:21), when a distorted guitar solo is played. At (5:46), the guitars repeat a C♯ minor chord, until (5:55), when the guitars turn clean and begin repeating the chord structure. At (6:11), a violin solo begins to play and the guitars begin playing a counter-melody. This is repeated until (7:54), when the drums cease playing, the guitars repeat the counter-melody and the violin solo continues improvising. At (10:06), the sound of the tape being wound back by hand is heard. The violin ceases playing at (10:42), followed soon by the guitars, which end on a C♯, which fades out.\n\nMusical composition (\"Christmas Steps\")\n\"Christmas Steps\" begins with a guitar melody based around the chords of C♯ minor and A major:\n\nThis is repeated until (0:36) when a second guitar begins to double the melody, with slight variations. At (1:12), one of the guitars begins to play a counter-melody, and at (1:28), the bass guitar also begins a counter-melody. At (1:47), both guitars begin playing the first counter-melody. At (2:04), one of the guitars begins playing another counter-melody, until (2:57), when the guitars begin doubling themselves again. At (3:14), the bass guitar ceases playing and the guitar strumming becomes more predominant, until (3:47), when the bass guitar suddenly begins playing a loud, slightly distorted counter-melody. The instruments build up in a gradual crescendo, increasing in volume and tempo, until (4:39), when the drums enter and the guitars strum a chord structure based around the chords of C♯ minor, C♯ suspended 2nd, and A major. At (5:14), the guitars suddenly turn distorted, repeating the chord structure until (5:43), where one of the guitars plays a solo. At (6:10), the guitars strum a C♯ minor chord until (6:18), where the guitars turn clean and the chord structure is reintroduced. At (6:29), a violin solo begins playing quietly in the background; the reason for the quietness being the song using the same solo as recorded by Luke Sutherland for \"Xmas Steps\", which was played significantly faster. At (6:34), the guitars begin the last counter-melody of the song, doubling each other with noticeable variations. The drums cease playing at (7:10), leaving the guitars playing their melodies, and gradually slowing down in a diminuendo with the violin solo playing faintly in the background, until (10:28), when the guitars cease playing, ending on a C♯, which fades out.\n\nMusic video\nA video for the song was filmed by English filmmaker Brian Griffin and released in 1998. The video is set in the Age of Steam, and was shot on location in the Chiltern Hills and at the Great Western Preservation Society in Didcot.\n\nMedia usage\n In 2007, \"Christmas Steps\" was featured in the documentary film White Light/Black Rain: The Destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.\n\nPersonnel\n Stuart Braithwaite – guitar\n Dominic Aitchison – bass guitar\n John Cummings – guitar\n Martin Bulloch – drums\n Luke Sutherland – violin\n Dave Fridmann – producer, mixer, engineer\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links\n\"Christmas Steps\" on Last.fm\n\"Christmas Steps\" Guitar Tablature\n\nMogwai songs\nPost-rock songs\nRock instrumentals\n1998 songs\nSongs written by Stuart Braithwaite\nSongs written by Dominic Aitchison" ]

[ "Mick Taylor", "1949-69: Early life", "When did he begin playing music?", "He began playing guitar at age nine," ]

[ "Quirino Mendoza y Cortés (May 10, 1862 – 1957) was a Mexican composer of the famous traditional songs \"Cielito Lindo\" and \"Jesusita en Chihuahua\". He was born in Santiago Tulyehualco, Xochimilco, Mexico City in 1862.\n\nEarly life \nCortés' father was an organist at a local parish, which originally inspired him to learn music. During his teens, he learned to play the piano, flute, violin, guitar, and the organ. He learned very quickly while taking lessons from his father, and quickly mastered these instruments in his teens. Also in his teens, he played songs at the local parish on the organ, like his father did. He then began to write his first song, 'My Blessed God.'\n\nReferences\n\n1862 births\n1957 deaths\nMexican composers of popular or traditional folk music\nPeople from Mexico City", "How People Learn is the title of an educational psychology book edited by John D. Bransford, Ann L. Brown, and Rodney R. Cocking and published by the United States National Academy of Sciences' National Academies Press. The committee on How People Learn also wrote How Students Learn: History, Mathematics, and Science in the Classroom as a follow-up. An updated edition How People Learn II was released in October 2018.\n\nThe book draws the following conclusions, among others:\n\nLearners and Learning:\n \"Effective comprehension and thinking require a coherent understanding of the organizing principles in any subject matter,\" and\n \"In-depth understanding requires detailed knowledge of the facts within a domain. The key attribute of expertise is a detailed and organized understanding of the important facts within a specific domain.\"\n\nThus, the debate within education between advocates of deep conceptual understanding and advocates of broad factual understanding misses the point. In-depth understanding is necessary to truly understand the content, but broad factual understanding is also necessary as it allows a person to remember and organize what they have learned.\n\nTeachers and Teaching:\n\"Teachers need expertise in both subject matter content and in teaching,\" and \"Teachers need to develop models of their own professional development that are based on lifelong learning, rather than on an 'updating' model of learning, in order to have frameworks to guide their career planning.\" These conclusions have implications for teacher hiring and professional development policies.\n\nLearning Environments:\n \"Assessment and feedback are crucial for helping people learn.\"\n \"Classroom environments can be positively influenced by opportunities to interact with... families and community members around school-based learning goals.\"\n\nExternal links\nFree online versions: in HTML chapters, or in a quickly skimmable format\nThe \"sequel\" is also available for free online: 'How People Learn: Bridging Research and Practice' in HTML chapters, or in quickly skimmable format\nThe updated edition How People Learn II is offered free: https://www.nap.edu/catalog/24783/how-people-learn-ii-learners-contexts-and-cultures.\n\nEducational psychology books" ]

[ "Mick Taylor", "1949-69: Early life", "When did he begin playing music?", "He began playing guitar at age nine,", "Did he learn quickly?", "As a teenager, he formed bands with schoolmates and started performing concerts under names such as The Juniors and the Strangers." ]

[ "Arjen Anthony Lucassen is a Dutch songwriter, singer, multi-instrumentalist musician and record producer. He is most known as the creator of progressive metal/rock opera Ayreon.\n\nOver the years, Lucassen created various bands and musical projects. Overall, he has released seventeen studio albums in project or bands in which he was the leader and main creative force: two solo albums, eight for Ayreon, one for Ambeon, two for Star One, one for Stream of Passion, one for Guilt Machine, and one for The Gentle Storm. He was the guitarist in two studio albums by rock band Bodine (as Iron Anthony), and in six studio albums by rock band Vengeance, and also released a cover album without any artist credited. Both Bodine, Vengeance and Stream of Passion released albums without Lucassen.\n\nSolo\n\nStudio albums\n\nCover albums\n\nAmbeon\n\nStudio albums\n\nSingles\n\nAyreon\n\nStudio albums\n\nLive albums/DVDs\n\nEPs\n\nSingles\n\nCompilation albums\n\nThe Gentle Storm\n\nStudio albums\n\nEPs\n\nGuilt Machine\n\nStudio albums\n\nStar One\n\nStudio albums\n\nLive albums/DVDs\n\nStream of Passion\n\nStudio albums\n\nLive albums/DVDs\n\nSingles\n\nWith Bodine\n\nStudio albums\n\nWith Vengeance\n\nStudio albums\n\nEPs\n\nSingles\n\nCompilation albums\n\nGuest appearances\n\nReferences\n\nDiscographies of Dutch artists\nRock music discographies\nHeavy metal discographies", "Fierce Panda Records is a UK based independent record label especially well known for their compilation albums and EPs. These are traditionally named after a pun or in-joke, and are usually deleted on the day of release. A list of these and some of the most famous bands featured is below.\n\nDiscography\n\nAlbums \n\nNB: Catalogue numbers of singles released on Fierce Panda Records begin with the characters \"NING\" resulting in the titles of many of the above items being in-joke puns.\n\nEPs\n\nNB: Shagging In The Streets was the first ever Fierce Panda release.\n\nSee also\n Fierce Panda Records\n List of bands signed to Fierce Panda Records\n\nReferences \n\nRecord label compilation albums\nFierce Records" ]

[ "Mick Taylor", "1949-69: Early life", "When did he begin playing music?", "He began playing guitar at age nine,", "Did he learn quickly?", "As a teenager, he formed bands with schoolmates and started performing concerts under names such as The Juniors and the Strangers.", "Did any of his bands record any singles or albums?", "They also appeared on television and put out a single." ]

[ "Miguel Skrobot (Warsaw, 1873 – Curitiba, February 20, 1912) was a businessman Brazilian of Polish origin.\n\nMiguel Skrobot was born in 1873, in Warsaw, Poland, to José Skrobot and Rosa Skrobot. When he was 18 he migrated to Brazil and settled in Curitiba as a merchant.\n\nHe married Maria Pansardi, who was born in Tibagi, Paraná, to Italian immigrants, and she bore him three children. He kept a steam-powered factory where he worked on grinding and toasting coffee beans under the \"Rio Branco\" brand, located on the spot where today stands the square called Praça Zacarias (square located in the center of Curitiba). He also owned a grocery store near Praça Tiradentes (also a square in the center of Curitiba, where the city was born). He died an early death, when he was 39, on February 20, 1912.\n\nReferences\n\n1873 births\n1912 deaths\nBrazilian businesspeople\nPeople from Curitiba\nPolish emigrants to Brazil", "Adolf von Rauch (22 April 1798 - 12 December 1882) was a German paper manufacturer in Heilbronn, where he was born and died and where he was a major builder of social housing.\n\nPapermakers\n1798 births\n1882 deaths\nPeople from Heilbronn" ]

[ "Mick Taylor", "1949-69: Early life", "When did he begin playing music?", "He began playing guitar at age nine,", "Did he learn quickly?", "As a teenager, he formed bands with schoolmates and started performing concerts under names such as The Juniors and the Strangers.", "Did any of his bands record any singles or albums?", "They also appeared on television and put out a single.", "Where was he born?", "Taylor was born to a working-class family in Welwyn Garden City, but" ]

[ "Welwyn is a village and civil parish in Hertfordshire, England.\n\nWelwyn may also relate to:\n Places\n Welwyn\n Welwyn North railway station\n Welwyn Tunnel rail crash\n Welwyn RFC, a rugby football club\n Welwyn Roman Baths, an archaeological site\n Welwyn Garden City, a town within the Borough of Welwyn Hatfield in Hertfordshire, England\n Welwyn Garden City F.C., a football club\n Welwyn Garden City Hockey Club\n Welwyn Garden City railway station\n Welwyn Garden City rail crashes\n Borough of Welwyn Hatfield, a local government district in Hertfordshire, England\n Grade II* listed buildings in Welwyn Hatfield\n Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council\n Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council elections\n Welwyn Hatfield District Council election, 1998\n Welwyn Hatfield District Council election, 1999\n Welwyn Hatfield District Council election, 2000\n Welwyn Hatfield District Council election, 2002\n Welwyn Hatfield District Council election, 2003\n Welwyn Hatfield District Council election, 2004\n Welwyn Hatfield District Council election, 2006\n Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council election, 2007\n Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council election, 2008\n Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council election, 2012\n Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council elections 2012\n Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council election, 2014\n Welwyn Hatfield (UK Parliament constituency), in Hertfordshire, England\n Welwyn Preserve, a nature reserve in New York State\n Welwyn, Saskatchewan, a community in Canada\n\n Other\n Welwyn Studios, a film studio located in Welwyn Garden City 192850\n Welwyn Tool Group, a tool distribution company based in Welwyn Garden City\n\nSee also", "Stanborough Reedmarsh is a 3.3 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Welwyn Garden City in Hertfordshire. It is owned by Welwyn Hatfield Borough Council and managed by the Herts and Middlesex Wildlife Trust.\n\nThe site is wet willow woodland on the bank of the River Lea. It is important for water voles and birds such as reed and sedge warblers. Water figwort, common meadow rue and water chickweed grow along the river bank.\n\nThere is access to the site from Stanborough Road through Stanborough Park.\n\nReferences\n\nLocal Nature Reserves in Hertfordshire\nHerts and Middlesex Wildlife Trust reserves\nWelwyn Garden City" ]

[ "Mick Taylor", "1949-69: Early life", "When did he begin playing music?", "He began playing guitar at age nine,", "Did he learn quickly?", "As a teenager, he formed bands with schoolmates and started performing concerts under names such as The Juniors and the Strangers.", "Did any of his bands record any singles or albums?", "They also appeared on television and put out a single.", "Where was he born?", "Taylor was born to a working-class family in Welwyn Garden City, but", "Did he grow up in Welwyn Garden City?", "was raised in Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England, where his father worked as a fitter (machinist) for" ]

[ "Blind Ambition may refer to:\n\nBlind Ambition, a book attributed to John Dean which was ghostwritten by Taylor Branch\nBlind Ambition (miniseries), a 1979 TV miniseries based on the book about John Dean\n \"Blind Ambition\" (Brandy & Mr. Whiskers episode)\n \"Blind Ambition\" (Family Guy)\", a television episode of Family Guy\n \"Blind Ambitions\", a television episode of The Golden Girls\n Blind Ambition (film), a 2014 American drama\nBlind Ambition (documentary), 2021 BBC2 television documentary", "Stepping Toes is a 1938 British musical film directed by John Baxter and starring Hazel Ascot, Enid Stamp-Taylor and Jack Barty. The screenplay concerns a young girl who achieves her ambition to become a tap dancer.\n\nThe film was made by Two Cities Films at Shepperton Studios. Its sets were designed by John Bryan.\n\nCast\n Hazel Ascot as Hazel Warrington \n Enid Stamp-Taylor as Mrs Warrington \n Jack Barty as Joe \n Edgar Driver as Tich \n Ernest Butcher as Stringer \n Richard Cooper as Kenneth Warrington \n Ivan Samson as Mr Warrington \n Wilson Coleman as Bob Burnham \n John Turnbull as Representative\n Jo Masters as Chorus\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n Low, Rachael. Filmmaking in 1930s Britain. George Allen & Unwin, 1985.\n Wood, Linda. British Films, 1927-1939. British Film Institute, 1986.\n\nExternal links\n\n1938 films\nBritish films\n1938 musical films\nEnglish-language films\nFilms directed by John Baxter\nFilms shot at Shepperton Studios\nBritish musical films\nBritish black-and-white films" ]

[ "Mick Taylor", "1949-69: Early life", "When did he begin playing music?", "He began playing guitar at age nine,", "Did he learn quickly?", "As a teenager, he formed bands with schoolmates and started performing concerts under names such as The Juniors and the Strangers.", "Did any of his bands record any singles or albums?", "They also appeared on television and put out a single.", "Where was he born?", "Taylor was born to a working-class family in Welwyn Garden City, but", "Did he grow up in Welwyn Garden City?", "was raised in Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England, where his father worked as a fitter (machinist) for", "Did his father support Taylor's musical ambition?", "He began playing guitar at age nine, learning to play from his mother's younger brother." ]

[ "Narayanrao Vyas (1902–1984) was a Hindustani musician of Gwalior gharana. He was a disciple of Vishnu Digambar Paluskar. He cut several 78 rpm discs, classical khayals and semi-classical bhajans and thumris, at around 1930 which became very famous. His father and uncle were well-known musicians in Kolhapur. Narayanrao's elder brother, Shankarrao Vyas, was also a singer and composer of distinction.\n\nExternal links\n Courses.nus.edu.sg\n\n1902 births\n1984 deaths\nHindustani singers\nPeople from Kolhapur\nRecipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award\nGwalior gharana\n20th-century Indian singers\n20th-century Khyal singers", "\"Uncle\" Lionel Batiste (February 11, 1931 – July 8, 2012) was a jazz and blues musician and singer from New Orleans. He began his music career at the age of 11 playing bass drum with the Square Deal Social & Pleasure Club. He was the bass drummer, vocalist and assistant leader of the Treme Brass Band; known for his kazoo playing and singing as well, and has recorded a CD as a vocalist.\n\nBesides inspiring younger musicians with his playing, he served as a role model to many of them: trumpeter Kermit Ruffins calls Batiste his \"total influence,\" saying that Batiste \"taught [him] how to act, how to dress, how to feel about life.\" Internationally, Batiste has served as leader of the daily Moldejazz parade since 2000. He was king of the Krewe du Vieux for 2003.\n\nReferences\n\n.\nMatters of Great Importance: Uncle Batiste’s Stolen Drum. BestofNewOrleans.com, February 5, 2010.\n Gambit Weekly obit\n New Orleans Celebrates the Life of a Bandleader. New York Times, July 17, 2012.\n\nExternal links\n Uncle Lionel Batiste, Treme Brass Band bass drummer, dies Keith Spera, Times-Picayune\n\nJazz musicians from New Orleans\nAmerican jazz drummers\nAmerican jazz singers\n2012 deaths\nLouisiana Creole people\n1931 births\nSingers from Louisiana" ]

[ "Mick Taylor", "1949-69: Early life", "When did he begin playing music?", "He began playing guitar at age nine,", "Did he learn quickly?", "As a teenager, he formed bands with schoolmates and started performing concerts under names such as The Juniors and the Strangers.", "Did any of his bands record any singles or albums?", "They also appeared on television and put out a single.", "Where was he born?", "Taylor was born to a working-class family in Welwyn Garden City, but", "Did he grow up in Welwyn Garden City?", "was raised in Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England, where his father worked as a fitter (machinist) for", "Did his father support Taylor's musical ambition?", "He began playing guitar at age nine, learning to play from his mother's younger brother.", "Was his uncle a well known musician?", "I don't know." ]

[ "An only child is a person who does not have any siblings, neither biological nor adopted.\n\nOnly Child may also refer to:\n\n Only Child (novel), a novel by Jack Ketchum\n Only Child, a 2020 album by Sasha Sloan", "John August Kusche (1869 – 1934) was a renowned botanist and entomologist, and he discovered many new species of moths and butterflies. The plant of the aster family, Erigeron kuschei is named in his honor.\n\nNotable discoveries \n\nIn 1928, Kusche donated to the Bishop Museum 164 species of Lepidoptera he collected on Kauai between 1919 and 1920. Of those, 55 species had not previously been recorded on Kauai and 6 were new to science, namely Agrotis stenospila, Euxoa charmocrita, Plusia violacea, Nesamiptis senicula, Nesamiptis proterortha and Scotorythra crocorrhoa.\n\nThe Essig Museum of Entomology lists 26 species collected by Kusche from California, Baja California, Arizona, Alaska and on the Solomon Islands.\n\nEarly life \nHis father's name was Johann Karl Wilhelm Kusche, he remarried in 1883 to Johanna Susanna Niesar. He had three siblings from his father (Herman, Ernst and Pauline) and four half siblings from her second marriage (Bertha, Wilhelm, Heinrich and Reinhold. There were two other children from this marriage, which died young and whom were not recorded). His family were farmers, while he lived with them, in Kreuzburg, Germany.\n\nHis siblings quickly accustomed themselves to their new mother, however August, the eldest, did not get on easily with her. He attended a gardening school there in Kreuzburg. He left at a relatively young age after unintentionally setting a forest fire. \"One day on a walk through Kreuzburg forest, he unintentionally caused a huge forest fire. Fearing jail, he fled from home and somehow made it to America.\"\n\nHe wrote letters back to his family, urging them to come to America. His father eventually did, sometime shortly after February 1893. His father started a homestead in Brownsville, Texas. Yellow fever broke out and his father caught it. He managed to survive, while many did not, leaving him a sick old man in his mid-fifties. He wrote to August, who was then living it Prescott, Arizona, asking for money. August wrote back, saying \"Dear father, if you are out of money, see to it that you go back to Germany as soon as possible. Without any money here, you are lost,\" \n\nAugust didn't have any money either, and had been hoping to borrow money from his father. If he had wanted to visit him, then he would have had to make the trip on foot.\n\nWhen August arrived in America, he got a job as a gardener on a Pennsylvania farm. He had an affair with a Swiss woman, which resulted in a child. August denied being the child's father, but married her anyway. He went west, on horseback, and had his horse stolen by Native Americans. He ended up in San Francisco. His family joined him there. By this time he had three sons and a daughter.\n\nAfter his children grew up, he began traveling and collecting moths and butterflies.\n\nLater life \nHe traveled to the South Seas where he collected moths and butterflies. There he caught a terrible fever that very nearly killed him. He was picked up by a government ship in New Guinea, and was unconscious until he awoke in a San Francisco hospital. After that time he had hearing loss and lost all of his teeth. His doctor told him not to take any more trips to Alaska, and this apparently helped his condition.\n\nIn 1924 he lived in San Diego. He had taken a trip to Alaska just before this date. He worked as a gardener in California for nine years (1915–1924) where he died of stomach cancer.\n\nReferences \n\n19th-century German botanists\n1869 births\n1934 deaths\n20th-century American botanists\nGerman emigrants to the United States" ]

[ "Mick Taylor", "1949-69: Early life", "When did he begin playing music?", "He began playing guitar at age nine,", "Did he learn quickly?", "As a teenager, he formed bands with schoolmates and started performing concerts under names such as The Juniors and the Strangers.", "Did any of his bands record any singles or albums?", "They also appeared on television and put out a single.", "Where was he born?", "Taylor was born to a working-class family in Welwyn Garden City, but", "Did he grow up in Welwyn Garden City?", "was raised in Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England, where his father worked as a fitter (machinist) for", "Did his father support Taylor's musical ambition?", "He began playing guitar at age nine, learning to play from his mother's younger brother.", "Was his uncle a well known musician?", "I don't know.", "Did he have any siblings?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Mick Taylor", "1949-69: Early life", "When did he begin playing music?", "He began playing guitar at age nine,", "Did he learn quickly?", "As a teenager, he formed bands with schoolmates and started performing concerts under names such as The Juniors and the Strangers.", "Did any of his bands record any singles or albums?", "They also appeared on television and put out a single.", "Where was he born?", "Taylor was born to a working-class family in Welwyn Garden City, but", "Did he grow up in Welwyn Garden City?", "was raised in Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England, where his father worked as a fitter (machinist) for", "Did his father support Taylor's musical ambition?", "He began playing guitar at age nine, learning to play from his mother's younger brother.", "Was his uncle a well known musician?", "I don't know.", "Did he have any siblings?", "I don't know.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "It was after John Mayall had finished his first set without a guitarist that it became clear that for some reason Eric Clapton was not going to show up." ]

[ "\"Circus Left Town\", also known as \"Circus\" is a ballad written by the British recording artist Eric Clapton. The rock musician wrote the song about the last night he spent with his then four-year-old son Conor. Although Clapton played and recorded the song for his 1992 million seller live album Unplugged, he decided to release the title six years later as a re-recording for both his 1998 effort Pilgrim and as a single release. However, Clapton played the song live for his 1992 Eric Clapton World Tour, before it came out on any recording formats.\n\nWriting\nClapton wrote the song in the summer of 1991. When it came time for Clapton to write the lyrics, the British rock musician wanted to put the last experience he had with his young son in the song. In a BBC interview from 1998 Clapton remembered: \"The last night I spent with Conor, we went to the circus. We went to see one of those huge things that they do in America where they have three rings going on at the same time. You've got clowns and tigers and everything. They don't do anything in half measures. They just pile it all in. Plus, they're trying to sell you things at the same time. I mean it was an amazing thing. After the show, we were driving back to New York City and all he could remember, all he could talk about was this clown. He'd seen a clown with a knife, which I didn't see at all. Some clown was running around brandishing a knife, which was something quite frightening but he liked it – I mean it excited him. And so that is in the lyrics. But, and I suppose what I was doing, I was remembering, I mean paying tribute to this night with him and also seeing him as being the circus of my life. You know – that particular part of my life has now left town\".\n\nComposition\n\n\"Circus Left Town\" is written in a pop and rock music vein. It features styles of adult contemporary, adult rock and contemporary pop rock music. Although the whole song is based around an A-major-7-harmony and chords structure, Clapton uses a lot of minor chords to give the song the sad atmosphere and emotion the British composer went through when hearing about his son's death. For the recording, Clapton used a nylon string acoustic guitar he played with the Clawhammer technique, which he prefers to play on acoustic guitar. The song's lyrics consist of three different parts. \"Circus\" starts out with a four-part verse, followed by the chorus. Afterwards, the second verse is sung by Clapton, leading with a double time repeat of the chorus to the end of the song. In the title, Clapton sings about his son's happy character and the fact, that this evening at the circus, will be his son's last. In the second verse, Clapton describes the happy and joyful heart his son has been given and tells his son Conor, what he would do with him, if he would be still alive. The chorus features the pain Clapton felt and Conor's friends, who would all gather one last time, since the circus left the town, New York City. In the song, Clapton expresses what a deep and personal connection the songwriter felt with his son as he uses declamatory descriptions like \"eyes on fire\".\n\nRelease\nThe song was originally set out to be released with the Unplugged live album in 1992, but was dropped from the album track listing. However, \"Circus\" and \"My Father's Eyes\" – another song left out by Clapton for the 1992 release, were re-recorded and released in 1998 on the studio album Pilgrim. In addition the album release, Clapton had the song released as a single in June 1998 for Reprise Records in Europe and the United States. There were several types of singles released, including a promotional single, a maxi compact disc single as well as a limited edition maxi single, released on compact disc format. All of these single releases features different B-, C- and D-sides to them. However, Clapton played the song along with his mega hit single \"Tears in Heaven\" for his 1992 World Tour during a small acoustic set. Before the reworked version of \"Circus Left Town\" was officially released in 1998, many Clapton fans recorded the original version and published the song as bootleg recordings in 1992. \"Circus\" was resurrected for the 6-night shows at the Nippon Budokan in 2016.\n\nChart performance\nUnlinke many other singles released of the 1998 Pilgrim album, \"Circus\" was not so successful in the music charts. In the United Kingdom, the single peaked at number 39 on both the physical singles sales and combined singles sales chart, compiled by the Official Charts Company in June 1998 and as of 2021, remains his last top 40 hit in that country. In Poland, the single release reached its highest position, reaching number 33 on the Lista Przebojów Programu Trzeciego chart. In the Netherlands, \"Circus\" placed itself on rank 92 on the Single Top 100, compiled by the official Dutch MegaCharts. In Japan, the single effort reached number 99 on the Oricon Top 100 singles chart, selling 2,750 copies while on chart.\n\nCritical reception\nThe German music journalist Sabine Feickert of Rocktimes calls the song \"ambivalent\", noting it forced the listener to apply it automatically to subjective thoughts about what has happened to him or herself. However, Feickert also recalls the great melancholic and languorous melody, which seems to fit the song's motives perfect. AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine thinks that Clapton's singing is \"startlingly mannered\" and does not suit this \"emotionally turbulent number\". The reviewers of Ultimate Guitar think, that \"Circus\" is one of the best tracks of the Pilgrim studio release. Journalist David Wild of Rolling Stone magazine calls the title \"ultradelicate\" and notes that Clapton's singing on the track seems to be \"among the most convincing [singing performances] of his career\". Something Else critic Nick DeRiso calls the ballad a \"moving rumination on lost love and lost moments\".\n\nTrack listing\n\nChart positions\n\nWeekly charts\n\nRelease history\n\nReferences\n\n1998 singles\n1991 songs\nRock ballads\nEric Clapton songs\nReprise Records singles\nSongs inspired by deaths\nSongs written by Eric Clapton\nWarner Records singles", "\"Clapton is God\" is a 1960s meme referencing the English guitarist Eric Clapton. The line was popularised after being spray-painted on a wall in London during the mid-1960s, when Clapton was a member of the Yardbirds and John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers.\n\nOverview\nThe earliest known use of the phrase appeared in the form of graffiti spray-painted by an unknown admirer on a wall in Islington, London. Commentators traced the year of origin variously to 1965, early 1966, and 1967. Soon after, the proclamation could be seen scrawled at numerous spots around London, such as on club bathroom walls and construction sites. It also appeared around New York. In 2016, Clapton speculated that the original graffiti was painted by Hamish Grimes, a promoter who worked for the Yardbirds' manager.\n\nClapton was initially humbled by the slogan. Later, he said he had become embarrassed by it, saying in his The South Bank Show profile in 1987, \"I never accepted that I was the greatest guitar player in the world. I always wanted to be the greatest guitar player in the world, but that's an ideal, and I accept it as an ideal.\"\n\nIn popular culture\n Peter Green of Fleetwood Mac was nicknamed the \"Green God\" as a reference to the \"Clapton is God\" graffiti.\n In 1990, the political cartoon strip Doonesbury ran a controversial story arc involving the character Andy Lippincott and his terminal battle with AIDS, which concludes with Lippincott expressing his admiration for the Beach Boys' Pet Sounds. One of the last panels depicts the character's last written words scrawled on a notebook: \"Brian Wilson is God\", a wry reference to \"Clapton is God\".\n In a second season episode of the Fox Broadcasting Company sitcom “That ‘70s Show” titled “Holy Crap!”, youth pastor Dave has Eric Forman and Steven Hyde drawing what they see in their minds when they think of God. Both boys draw pictures of Eric Clapton.\n\nReferences\n\n1960s in British music\nEric Clapton\nSlogans\nMusic fandom\nMusic memes\nCultural depictions of British men\nCultural depictions of rock musicians\n1965 neologisms\nQuotations from music" ]

[ "Wayne Carey", "Rise to stardom: 1990-1992" ]

[ "NGC 7 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the Sculptor constellation. It was discovered by English astronomer John Herschel in 1834, who was using an 18.7 inch reflector telescope at the time. Astronomer Steve Gottlieb described the galaxy as faint, albeit large, and edge-on from the perspective of the Milky Way; he also noted how the galaxy could only be observed clearly with peripheral vision, not by looking directly at it.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n \n\nGalaxies discovered in 1834\n0007\n18340927\nDiscoveries by John Herschel\nSculptor (constellation)\nBarred spiral galaxies", "Heddiw (English: Today) was a television news programme in the Welsh language, broadcast by BBC Television between 1961 and 1982. The programme ended when all Welsh-language programming was transferred to the new channel S4C.\n\nAnnie Davies was the show's first producer (and later editor). Presenters of the programme included Owen Edwards, Robin Jones and Sulwyn Thomas.\n\nHywel Gwynfryn, who later had his own chat show, recounted how he was discovered by the Heddiw production team while working in a Cardiff pub.\n\nReferences\n\nWelsh-language television shows\n1961 British television series debuts\nWelsh television news shows" ]

[ "Wayne Carey", "Rise to stardom: 1990-1992", "How was he discovered?", "Carey immediately drew the attention of the football world and built a reputation early in his career as an aggressive, big marking and long kicking key position player." ]

[ "Gene O Driscoll was a Gaelic footballer who played with Kerry, Galway, London and New York during the 1960s and 1970s.\n\nHe was on the first ever Kerry Under 21 team which contested and won the Munster Championship in Kenmare in 1962. He also played with the Kerry senior team that year and won a Munster Championship at centre forward scoring 1-01 in what was his only championship game at senior level with Kerry, he emigrated following this game. After a number of years in London in 1969 he won an All Ireland Junior Championship when London beat Wicklow. He was soon on the move once more this time to New York City where he also played with the New York intercounty team with whom he played in the 1966 National League final.\n\nAt club level he first played with Annascaul and West Kerry. When he first moved to London he played with the St Mary's club before joining Geraldine's where he won a Junior Championship. he then rejoined St Mary's and won a Senior Championship in 1963.\n\nIn 2011 he was picked on the All Star London team 1960–2010.\n\nHis sons Bingo and Johnny both also played with Kerry and New York during the 1990s and 2000s.\n\nReferences\n http://terracetalk.com/articles/296/Honouring-Five-Kerrymen-on-the-Greatest-London-team-1960--2010\n http://terracetalk.com/kerry-football/player/519/Gene-ODriscoll\n\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nLiving people\nAnnascaul Gaelic footballers\nKerry inter-county Gaelic footballers\nLondon inter-county Gaelic footballers\nNew York Gaelic footballers", "Vincent Coakley (1955 – 5 November 2020) was an Irish Gaelic footballer. At club level he played with Aghinagh, Millstreet and Muskerry and was a National League winner with the Cork senior football team.\n\nPlaying career\n\nA member of the Aghinagh club, Coakley first came to prominence when he was drafted onto the Cork minor football team. He won a Munster Championship medal in this grade in 1973, before later having two unsuccessful years with the under-21 team. Coakley joined the Cork senior team during the 1976 Munster Championship and made his debut two years later in the Munster final against Kerry. He won a National League medal in 1980 in what was his last season with the team.\n\nHonours\n\nCork\nNational Football League (1): 1979–80\nMunster Minor Football Championship (1): 1973\n\nReferences\n\n1955 births\n2020 deaths\n\nMillstreet Gaelic footballers\nMuskerry Gaelic footballers\nCork inter-county Gaelic footballers" ]

[ "Wayne Carey", "Rise to stardom: 1990-1992", "How was he discovered?", "Carey immediately drew the attention of the football world and built a reputation early in his career as an aggressive, big marking and long kicking key position player.", "What was the first team he played with?", "That year, Carey would become the 1990 season runner up in North Melbourne's best and fairest, behind Longmire." ]

[ "is a former Japanese football player.\n\nPlaying career\nIwamaru was born in Fujioka on December 4, 1981. After graduating from high school, he joined the J1 League club Vissel Kobe in 2000. However he did not play as much as Makoto Kakegawa until 2003. In 2004, he played more often, after Kakegawa got hurt. In September 2004, he moved to Júbilo Iwata. In late 2004, he played often, after regular goalkeeper Yohei Sato got hurt. In 2005, he moved to the newly promoted J2 League club, Thespa Kusatsu (later Thespakusatsu Gunma), based in his home region. He competed with Nobuyuki Kojima for the position and played often. \n\nIn 2006, he moved to the newly promoted J1 club, Avispa Fukuoka. However he did not play as much as Yuichi Mizutani. In 2007, he moved to the newly promoted J1 club, Yokohama FC. However he did not play as much as Takanori Sugeno and the club was relegated to J2 within a year. Although he did not play as much as Kenji Koyama in 2008, he played often in 2009. He did not play at all in 2010. \n\nIn 2011, he moved to the J2 club Roasso Kumamoto. He did not play as much as Yuta Minami. In 2013, he moved to the newly promoted J2 club, V-Varen Nagasaki. Although he played in the first three matches, he did play at all after the fourth match, when Junki Kanayama played in his place. In 2014, he moved to the J2 club Thespakusatsu Gunma based in his local region. However he did not play at all, and retired at the end of the 2014 season.\n\nClub statistics\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n \n\n1981 births\nLiving people\nAssociation football people from Gunma Prefecture\nJapanese footballers\nJ1 League players\nJ2 League players\nVissel Kobe players\nJúbilo Iwata players\nThespakusatsu Gunma players\nAvispa Fukuoka players\nYokohama FC players\nRoasso Kumamoto players\nV-Varen Nagasaki players\nAssociation football goalkeepers", "John Stirk (born 5 September 1955) is an English former footballer. His primary position was as a right back. During his career he played for Ipswich Town, Watford, Chesterfield and North Shields. He also made two appearances for England at youth level.\n\nCareer \n\nBorn in Consett, Stirk played youth football for local non-league team Consett A.F.C. He joined Ipswich Town on schoolboy terms in 1971, and after making two appearances for the England youth team, turned professional in 1973. During his time at Ipswich he was largely a reserve. He made his first-team debut on 5 November 1977, in a Football League First Division match against Manchester City at Portman Road. His manager at the time was Bobby Robson, who later went on to manage the England national football team. Ipswich won the FA Cup in 1978, in what proved to be Stirk's final season at the club. However, Stirk himself did not play in the final, nor did he play in any of the rounds en route to the final.\n\nAnother future England manager, Watford's Graham Taylor, signed Stirk for a transfer fee of £30,000 at the end of the 1977–78 season. Stirk went on to play every Watford league game in the 1978–79 season, as Watford gained promotion to the Second Division. However, Stirk did not play for Watford in the Second Division. Two months before the end of the 1979–80 season, Stirk was sold to Third Division side Chesterfield, at a profit to Watford of £10,000. After making 56 league appearances over two and a half seasons, Stirk left Chesterfield in 1983 moving on to Blyth Spartans then Tow Law Town, and finished his career at non-league North Shields.\n\nReferences \n\n1955 births\nLiving people\nConsett A.F.C. players\nIpswich Town F.C. players\nWatford F.C. players\nChesterfield F.C. players\nEnglish Football League players\nNorth Shields F.C. players\nSportspeople from Consett\nAssociation football fullbacks\nEnglish footballers" ]

[ "Wayne Carey", "Rise to stardom: 1990-1992", "How was he discovered?", "Carey immediately drew the attention of the football world and built a reputation early in his career as an aggressive, big marking and long kicking key position player.", "What was the first team he played with?", "That year, Carey would become the 1990 season runner up in North Melbourne's best and fairest, behind Longmire.", "What position did he play?", "big marking and long kicking key position player." ]

[ "DiscoveryBox is a children's magazine by Bayard Presse. It is targeted at children from 9 to 12 years old. Inside there are topics about science, animals, current events, nature, history and the world. It also includes games and quizzes. It is designed for the completely independent reader and is the 3rd and final instalment of the Box series (after StoryBox and AdventureBox).\n\nDiscoveryBox is mostly non fictional and is designed to answer questions and expand the knowledge of its readers in the subjects that it covers each month.\n\nThere is a current shortage in this type of information rich magazine for this age group at the moment and children find the magazine very interesting. It is designed to build on what they have learned in School and it takes many of its subjects from the British Curriculum so reinforces what they have learned as well as adding additional interesting facts that they may not have previously known about.\n\nBecause there is a shortage of information magazines for children this age, both ESL and English speaking students like to read this book as the information is specially presented for them. As it is specifically designed for the ages 9 to 12 the magazine takes subjects that they would find interesting such as The Olympic Games, Space Exploration and Avalanches being just a few of the previous topics covered.\n\nIn July 2009 DiscoveryBox collaborated with the movie Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs with a behind-the-scenes look at 3D animation.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n DiscoveryBox Website\n DiscoveryBox Information Page\n Bayard English magazine Website\n\nChildren's magazines published in France\nFrench-language magazines\nMonthly magazines published in France\nMagazines established in 1995", "Kurudumale is a village in the Mulbagal taluk, Kolar district of Karnataka state, India. It is located about 10 km from the mulubagal town, northerly. The giant, thirteen and a half foot sculpture of kurudumale Ganesha and the Someshwara temple of lord Shiva attract thousands of visitors from the surrounding states. This place was believed to be the place where Devas would descend from the heavens for recreation on earth.\n\nThere is another temple dedicated to Shiva called the Someshwara temple which is also situated in Kurudumale. The interesting thing about this temple is that it is built of a rock without any foundations. Another interesting thing is the architectural style of the temple; this temple is considered to be older than the Ganesha temple and was built during the Cholas period. Half of the temple has different style of carving, believed to have been done by artist Jakanachari and the other half is believed to have been carved by his son Dankanachari. The part of the temple supposedly built by Dankana's has statues and carvings which are more intricate and sophisticated.\n\nGallery\n\nHindu temples in Kolar district\nVillages in Kolar district" ]

[ "Wayne Carey", "Rise to stardom: 1990-1992", "How was he discovered?", "Carey immediately drew the attention of the football world and built a reputation early in his career as an aggressive, big marking and long kicking key position player.", "What was the first team he played with?", "That year, Carey would become the 1990 season runner up in North Melbourne's best and fairest, behind Longmire.", "What position did he play?", "big marking and long kicking key position player.", "Is there any other interesting information about him?", "Carey started brilliantly, kicking two first quarter goals, before an injury to his right shoulder forced him to sit out the rest of that game and the next eight." ]

[ "John Wesley \"Dick\" Summers (1887-1976) was an old-time fiddler from Indiana. He learned to play from his family, but a Tom Riley of Kentucky was also an influence. Summers did not originally read music, but did learn to do so in his 70s. He was one of the only old-time Midwestern fiddlers to have a commercially distributed album in the post-World War II era. As indicated though his style had Southern, and as mentioned Kentucky, influences.\n\nReferences\n\nOld-time fiddlers\nMusicians from Indiana\n1887 births\n1976 deaths\nPlace of birth missing\n20th-century violinists", "Vasyl' Pavlovych Ovchynnikov or Ovchinnikiv (1868–1934) was a performing artist in the Moscow Theatre (Bolshoi?). A renowned singer he was also a popularizer of the bandura at the turn of the century. He is also remembered as the author of one of the first Bandura handbooks.\n\nHe wrote about himself in 1928 ...\" the idea of learning to play the bandura came to me whilst performing in Kropivnytsky's troupe (in 1885) who also played on the bandura a little bit.... I bought in Kharkiv a bandura and decided to learn to play the instrument. Not knowing how to start, I turned to the blind street bandurists. After many setbacks I lost interest. I returned to perform in the Russian opera initially in Kharkiv and then Moscow.\"\n\nIn 1905 it became easier to propagate Ukrainian interests in Moscow and a Ukrainian musical group was formed initially at the \"Hromada\" and later at \"Kobzar\". which organized interesting concerts and exhibitions, especially on Taras Shevchenko's birthday.\n\n\"One time the student A. Voloshchenko invited his friend M. Kravchenko to Moscow from Poltava. It came to my mind and a few others to organize a bandura group in Moscow. The Musical firm Kalmus and Co. in Moscow made a number of instruments. We took as an example the bandura that Voloshchenko had. He had a copy of Kravchenko's bandura who he had learned to play bandura from and who played well...\n\n\"I received the first Moscow made bandura and the next day I was at Voloshchenko's house who agreed to teach me. I was 43 years old. The next day I understood that I would be able to play and in three months I was playing simple songs.\n\nThe head of the \"Kobzar\" Society suggested that I put together a short handbook for the bandura. I refused because I did not know where to start from. Then F. Korsh from the academy suggested I put together not a school of bandura but a handbook which would demonstrate the system I used to learn to play the bandura. This I did. I introduced the bandura to the reader and then wrote up the initial exercises which I learned from Voloshchenko. In the 4th section I included a number of simple songs, and on my own cost, in 1913 published in Moscow 1000 copies of \"A self teaching manual for the bandura (kobza)\".\n\nOvchinnikiv wrote: \"I played everywhere wherever I was invited to perform There was not a concert that took place in Moscow for the benefit of the poor students that I did not perform at with my bandura. When the war broke out and a large number of sick soldiers began to turn up, the bandura left a good feeling for these victims. I had 248 such concerts. At that time I was proud that I had learned to play the bandura.\"\n\nIn 1916 Ovchynnikov was sent into exile to the city of Vitluga in the Viatsk gubernia for his Ukrainophilic/nationalistic tendencies, and only moved back to Kharkiv after the revolution in 1918.\n\nOvchinnikov was arrested again in 1934. His whereabouts after this arrest are unknown. He was most likely executed by the Stalin regime.\n\nSources \nMishalow, V. and M. - Ukrains'ki kobzari-bandurysty - Sydney, Australia, 1986\n\nUkrainian musicians\nKobzarstvo\nBandurists\n1868 births\n1934 deaths\n20th-century Ukrainian musicians" ]

[ "Wayne Carey", "Rise to stardom: 1990-1992", "How was he discovered?", "Carey immediately drew the attention of the football world and built a reputation early in his career as an aggressive, big marking and long kicking key position player.", "What was the first team he played with?", "That year, Carey would become the 1990 season runner up in North Melbourne's best and fairest, behind Longmire.", "What position did he play?", "big marking and long kicking key position player.", "Is there any other interesting information about him?", "Carey started brilliantly, kicking two first quarter goals, before an injury to his right shoulder forced him to sit out the rest of that game and the next eight.", "Where did he learn to play?", "I don't know." ]

[ "This is a list of live professional wrestling events held by the American Professional wrestling promotion Impact Wrestling and seen exclusively on Twitch.\n\nBrace for IMPACT\n\nBrace for IMPACT was a professional wrestling event produced by Impact Wrestling in conjunction with Wrestlepro to be released exclusively on Impact Wrestling's Twitch channel.\n\nLast Chancery\n\nLast Chancery was a professional wrestling event produced by Impact Wrestling in conjunction with Border City Wrestling to be released exclusively on Impact Wrestling's Twitch channel.\n\nImpact Wrestling vs. Lucha Underground\n\nImpact Wrestling vs. Lucha Underground was a professional wrestling event produced by Impact Wrestling in conjunction with Lucha Underground to be released exclusively on Impact Wrestling's Twitch channel.\n\nPenta Does Iowa\n\nPenta Does Iowa was a professional wrestling event produced by Impact Wrestling in conjunction with The Wrestling Revolver to be released exclusively on Impact Wrestling's Twitch channel.\n\nRISE of the Knockouts\n\nRISE of the Knockouts was a professional wrestling event produced by Impact Wrestling in conjunction with Rise Wrestling to be released exclusively on Impact Wrestling's Twitch channel.\n\nConfrontation\n\nConfrontation was a professional wrestling event produced by Impact Wrestling in conjunction with America's Most Liked Wrestling to be released exclusively on Impact Wrestling's Twitch channel.\n\nUncivil War\n\nUncivil War was a professional wrestling event produced by Impact Wrestling in conjunction with Next Generation Wrestling to be released exclusively on Impact Wrestling's Twitch channel.\n\nImpact Wrestling vs. UK\n\nImpact Wrestling vs. UK was a professional wrestling event produced by Impact Wrestling to be released exclusively on Impact Wrestling's Twitch channel.\n\nOhio vs. Everything\n\nOhio Versus Everything was a professional wrestling event produced by Impact Wrestling to be released exclusively on Impact Wrestling's Twitch channel.\n\nReferences \n\nImpact Wrestling\nTwitch (service)\n2018 in professional wrestling\n2019 in professional wrestling\n2020 in professional wrestling", "Rebellion is a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by Impact Wrestling, which is annually held during the month of April. The event was first held in 2019 and it has since become one of the promotion's \"Big Four\" events (along with Hard to Kill, Slammiversary, and Bound for Glory).\n\nEvents\n\nHistory\n\n2019 \n\nThe inaugural Rebellion event took place on April 28, 2019 at The Rebel Complex in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and did 2,200 buys. Eight professional wrestling matches were contested at the event. The main event was a Full Metal Mayhem match for the Impact World Tag Team Championship, in which The Lucha Brothers (Pentagón Jr. and Fénix) defended the titles against The Latin American Xchange (Santana and Ortiz). LAX won the highly acclaimed match and the tag team titles, marking Lucha Brothers' last match in Impact.\n\nThe undercard also notably saw Brian Cage defeat Johnny Impact to capture his first Impact World Championship, Michael Elgin's Impact debut by attacking Cage after the match and Tessa Blanchard defeating Gail Kim in what would be Kim's retirement match, which was considered Kim's \"passing of the torch\" to Blanchard and also marked the beginning of Blanchard's rise as the company's most popular wrestler and her gradual rise to main event status.\n\n2020 \n\nOn January 13, 2020, Impact Wrestling announced on its Twitter account that it would be holding a second Rebellion event in April at Terminal 5 in New York, New York. It was later announced that the event would take place on April 19. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, however, the event was rescheduled and taped on a closed set at Skyway Studios in Nashville, Tennessee between April 8 and 10. It aired on tape delay as a two-part special episode of Impact! on April 21 and 28.\n\nImpact World Champion Tessa Blanchard was unable to attend the tapings, thus canceling the event's planned world championship match in which she was to defend the title against Michael Elgin and Eddie Edwards. In the main event of the April 21 broadcast, Ken Shamrock defeated Sami Callihan by technical submission in an unsanctioned match, while in the main event of the April 28 broadcast, Moose defeated Hernandez and Michael Elgin in a three-way match. After the match, Moose declared himself the TNA World Heavyweight Champion.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nImpact Wrestling\n\n \nRecurring events established in 2019" ]

[ "Wayne Carey", "Rise to stardom: 1990-1992", "How was he discovered?", "Carey immediately drew the attention of the football world and built a reputation early in his career as an aggressive, big marking and long kicking key position player.", "What was the first team he played with?", "That year, Carey would become the 1990 season runner up in North Melbourne's best and fairest, behind Longmire.", "What position did he play?", "big marking and long kicking key position player.", "Is there any other interesting information about him?", "Carey started brilliantly, kicking two first quarter goals, before an injury to his right shoulder forced him to sit out the rest of that game and the next eight.", "Where did he learn to play?", "I don't know.", "What was the biggest impact on his rise to fame?", "Carey had his first top five finish in the Brownlow Medal, claimed his first club best and fairest and was named club captain" ]

[ "Allan Thomas Hird Sr. (11 August 1918 – 16 May 2007) was an Australian rules football player, coach and executive in the Victorian Football League (now AFL).\n\nVFL playing career\nRecruited from Williamstown, Hird joined the Hawthorn Football Club where he made his debut in 1938. He played 14 games for the club before moving to Essendon in 1940. It was at the Bombers he enjoyed his greatest success, playing 102 games from 1940-45 as a pacy flanker, and being a part of the 1942 premiership team.\n\nVFL coaching career\nHird later spent two years with the St Kilda Football Club as captain-coach, leaving at the end of 1947. After returning to Essendon, Hird was captain-coach of the Essendon Seconds (Reserves) team from 1948 to 1952 and non-playing coach from 1953 to 1954, before retiring from all forms of playing. In his seven years as captain-coach of the Seconds, the team won the premiership twice, in 1950 and 1952 (Hird's last match), and was runner-up three times.\n\nAll but one of the 20 players, Allan Taylor, in Hird's highly talented 1952 Essendon Seconds Premiership team that beat Collingwood Seconds 7.14 (56) to 4.5 (29) had either already played for the Essendon Firsts or would go on to do so in the future. Excluding the senior games that some, such as Hird, had already played (or would go on to play) with other VFL clubs, the members of the Essendon 1952 Seconds Premiership Team played an aggregate total of 1072 senior games for Essendon Firsts.\n\nPost-playing career\nHird joined Essendon's club committee in 1955–1958 and became treasurer for the 1959 and 1960 seasons. He became vice-president in 1965, before holding the position as president of the club from 1969–1975.\n\nThe Allan T. Hird Stand was named in his honour at Windy Hill in Essendon, and he was an inaugural inductee into the club's Hall of Fame, given Legend status, in 1996.\n\nHird was the father of Allan Hird Jr., who also had a brief playing career with Essendon. His grandson is former Essendon player and coach James Hird.\n\nFootnotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nSt Kilda Football Club coaches\n1918 births\n2007 deaths\nEssendon Football Club players\nEssendon Football Club Premiership players\nHawthorn Football Club players\nSt Kilda Football Club players\nWilliamstown Football Club players\nEssendon Football Club administrators\nAustralian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)\nOne-time VFL/AFL Premiership players", "Charles Ian Burt (born 2 February 1937) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).\n\nBurt started his career in 1956, with Ballarat Football League club Redan. He made four appearances for Essendon in the 1959 VFL season, on a permit.\n\nA follower, Burt continued playing for Redan until being appointed captain-coach of Cressy in 1961. He steered Cressy to a premiership on his first attempt and did the same for Newlyn in 1962.\n\nFrom 1963 to 1965, Burt played for Kyneton in the Bendigo Football League. He won the league's best and fairest award in 1964.\n\nHe returned to the Ballarat league in 1966 to captain-coach Daylesford.\n\nReferences\n\n1937 births\nAustralian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)\nEssendon Football Club players\nRedan Football Club players\nKyneton Football Club players\nDaylesford Football Club players\nLiving people" ]

[ "Wayne Carey", "Rise to stardom: 1990-1992", "How was he discovered?", "Carey immediately drew the attention of the football world and built a reputation early in his career as an aggressive, big marking and long kicking key position player.", "What was the first team he played with?", "That year, Carey would become the 1990 season runner up in North Melbourne's best and fairest, behind Longmire.", "What position did he play?", "big marking and long kicking key position player.", "Is there any other interesting information about him?", "Carey started brilliantly, kicking two first quarter goals, before an injury to his right shoulder forced him to sit out the rest of that game and the next eight.", "Where did he learn to play?", "I don't know.", "What was the biggest impact on his rise to fame?", "Carey had his first top five finish in the Brownlow Medal, claimed his first club best and fairest and was named club captain", "Where did he go from being club captain?", "I don't know." ]

[ "The Darkness is an English hard rock band formed in Lowestoft, Suffolk in 2000. Their first release was the extended play I Believe in a Thing Called Love in August 2002, which featured the tracks \"I Believe in a Thing Called Love\", \"Love on the Rocks with No Ice\" and \"Love Is Only a Feeling\", all of which were later featured on the band's debut album. After signing with Atlantic Records, the band released their debut album Permission to Land in July, which featured a total of ten tracks. Singles released to support the album were \"Get Your Hands Off My Woman\", \"Growing on Me\", \"I Believe in a Thing Called Love\" and \"Love Is Only a Feeling\", all of which featured new B-sides. The B-sides \"The Best of Me\" (from \"Get Your Hands Off My Woman\") and \"Makin' Out\" (from \"I Believe in a Thing Called Love\") were also featured on the Japanese edition of Permission to Land. \"Christmas Time (Don't Let the Bells End)\" was released at the end of the year, and also featured on the Christmas reissue of the album.\n\nThe band's second album, One Way Ticket to Hell... and Back, was released in November 2005, and also featured ten tracks. The album was supported by the release of singles \"One Way Ticket\", \"Is It Just Me?\" and \"Girlfriend\"; the first two featured new B-sides, while the third featured remixes of the A-side. The B-side \"Grief Hammer\", originally from the single \"One Way Ticket\", was also featured on the Japanese edition of One Way Ticket to Hell... and Back. The band broke up in 2006, and in 2008 the compilation album The Platinum Collection and box set Permission to Land/One Way Ticket to Hell... were released, each featuring all 20 songs from the band's first two albums (\"Christmas Time (Don't Let the Bells End)\" was also included on The Platinum Collection).\n\nThe Darkness reunited in 2011, and in August 2012 they released their third album, Hot Cakes. The album features eleven tracks, including the band's first studio cover version, of Radiohead's \"Street Spirit (Fade Out)\". The deluxe edition of Hot Cakes features four additional tracks, three of which are new songs; the bonus track \"Cannonball\" features Ian Anderson of the band Jethro Tull on flute. In 2014 Graham left the band again, to be replaced by Emily Dolan Davies, who performed on the band's fourth album Last of Our Kind. Davies later left herself, and was replaced by Rufus Tiger Taylor.\n\nSongs\n\nNotes\nA. Featured on special deluxe editions of Last of Our Kind only.\nB. Also featured on the 2008 compilation album The Platinum Collection.\nC. Featured on special deluxe editions of Hot Cakes only.\nD. Featured on the Christmas reissue of Permission to Land only.\nE. Also featured on special deluxe editions of One Way Ticket to Hell... and Back.\nF. Originally featured on the 2002 extended play I Believe in a Thing Called Love.\nG. Also featured on special deluxe editions of Permission to Land.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nList of The Darkness songs at AllMusic\n\nDarkness, The", "Ralph J. Guldahl (November 22, 1911 – June 11, 1987) was an American professional golfer, one of the top five players in the sport from 1936 to 1940. He won sixteen PGA Tour-sanctioned tournaments, including three majors (two U.S. Opens and one Masters).\n\nEarly life and education\nBorn in Dallas, Texas, Guhldahl was a 1930 graduate of Woodrow Wilson High School.\n\nProfessional tournament career\n\nInitial success, slump\nGuldahl started playing on the professional tournament circuit in 1931, and won an event in his rookie season before turning 20 years of age, setting a record that would not be matched until 2013, when Jordan Spieth won the John Deere Classic. In 1933, at the age of 21, Guldahl went into the last hole of the U.S. Open tied for the lead with Johnny Goodman. A par would have taken him into a playoff, but he made bogey and finished second. After further frustrating failures, Guldahl quit the sport temporarily in 1935 and became a car salesman.\n\nComeback\nGuldahl made a comeback part way through the next PGA Tour season in 1936, won the prestigious Western Open and finished second on the money list. He won the Western Open in 1937 and 1938 as well. That tournament was recognized as one of the world's most important events at the time, on the level of a major championship or close to it.\n\nGuldahl's manner of play was relaxed: \"He paused to comb his hair before every hole, and would forestall any suspense by announcing exactly where he intended to plant the ball.\"\n\nBreakthrough at major level\nGuldahl won three major championships. He claimed the U.S. Open title in 1937, with a then-record score of 281. He successfully defended the national title with his win in 1938, and was the last to win the U.S. Open while wearing a necktie during play in 1938. Guldahl was runner-up at the Masters in both 1937 and 1938, before taking that title in 1939. He played on his only Ryder Cup team in 1937, the last before a decade hiatus due to World War II.\n\nGuldahl reached the top in golf ahead of more famous players of his generation, including Sam Snead and fellow Texans Byron Nelson, Ben Hogan, and Jimmy Demaret, who all went on to build much longer and more productive pro careers. Guldahl's 16 PGA Tour wins all came in a ten-year span between 1931 and 1940. Guldahl put together five straight seasons—from 1936 to 1940—with multiple PGA Tour titles.\n\nBook contract and decision to retire\nGuldahl was offered a book contract for a guide to golf, taking two months to complete Groove Your Golf, a book that used high-speed photographs of Guldahl on each page to create \"flip-book\" movies. After completing the book in 1939, he returned to the PGA Tour. His last two wins came in 1940. Two-time PGA champion Paul Runyan commented, \"It's the most ridiculous thing, really. Guldahl went from being temporarily the best player in the world to one who couldn't play at all.\" His son, Ralph, claimed that his father over-analyzed his swing and it fell apart. According to his wife, Laverne: \"When he sat down to write that book, that's when he lost his game.\"\n\nIn an interview with The New York Times in 1979, Guldahl himself offered a different explanation for the slump in his game. When asked about destroying his talent by practicing in front of a mirror while writing the book, he responded: \"Nonsense. No such thing ever happened.\" During the interview, he offered several reasons for retiring: he was tired of life on the road; he wanted more time with his family; and the wartime slowdown in tournaments caused his game to grow rusty and he had little inclination to train. \"I never did have a tremendous desire to win.\"\n\nPaul Collins summed up Guldahl's decision to retire with these words: \"Guldahl's fate had little to do with overthinking his game, and much to do with the untutored Dallas boy who once loved to play abandoned courses and baseball diamonds alone. Far more than fame, what Ralph Guldahl wanted was a nice, quiet game of golf.\" Guldahl played occasionally in the 1940s but then quit tournament golf for good, except for several seasons in the 1960s, when he played in the Masters, as an eligible past champion, without notable success.\n\nClub professional\nHe spent the rest of his working life as a club professional. In 1961, he became the club pro at the new Braemar Country Club in Tarzana, California, where he was an instructor until his death. Among his students was billionaire Howard Hughes.\n\nLegacy\nGuldahl was inducted into the Texas Golf Hall of Fame in 1980. Guldahl was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1981. He died in Sherman Oaks, California, in 1987 at age 75.\n\nIn 1989, Guldahl was inducted into the Woodrow Wilson High School Hall of Fame when it was created during the celebration of the school's 60th Anniversary. He is a member of the Texas Sports Hall of Fame.\n\nPGA Tour wins (16)\n1931 (1) Santa Monica Open\n1932 (1) Arizona Open\n1934 (1) Westwood Golf Club Open Championship\n1936 (3) Western Open, Augusta Open, Miami Biltmore Open\n1937 (2) U.S. Open, Western Open\n1938 (2) U.S. Open, Western Open\n1939 (4) Greater Greensboro Open, Masters Tournament, Dapper Dan Open, Miami Biltmore International Four-Ball (with Sam Snead)\n1940 (2) Milwaukee Open, Inverness Invitational Four-Ball (with Sam Snead)\n\nMajor championships are shown in bold.\n\nMajor championships\n\nWins (3)\n\nResults timeline\n\nNYF = tournament not yet founded\nNT = no tournament\nCUT = missed the half-way cut\nR64, R32, R16, QF, SF = Round in which player lost in PGA Championship match play\n\"T\" indicates a tie for a place\n\nSummary\n\nMost consecutive cuts made – 25 (1930 U.S. Open – 1946 Masters)\nLongest streak of top-10s – 2 (five times)\n\nSee also\nList of golfers with most PGA Tour wins\nList of men's major championships winning golfers\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nWorld Golf Hall of Fame – Ralph Guldahl\nTexas State Historical Association – Ralph Guldahl\nBraemar Country Club – History – Ralph Guldahl\n\nAmerican male golfers\nPGA Tour golfers\nRyder Cup competitors for the United States\nWinners of men's major golf championships\nWorld Golf Hall of Fame inductees\nGolf writers and broadcasters\nGolfers from Dallas\n1911 births\n1987 deaths" ]

[ "Steven Seagal", "Martial arts" ]

[ "The Darkest Sword, also known as Hei jian gui jing tian (), is a 1970 Hong Kong action martial arts film directed by Lung Chien, produced by Yuan Hsiang Wu, and starring Ching-Ching Chang and Pin Chiang.\n\nPlot \n\nTun-Shan is grieved because he unintentionally killed an enemy and doesn't want to fight anymore. Then, he destroys his sword. Meanwhile, Su-Chen, in love with him, convinces him to start fighting again.\n\nCast\n\n Ching-Ching Chang\t\t\n Pin Chiang\n Yuan Yi\t\n Ming-Ming Hsiao\n Min-Hsiung Wu\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1970 films\n1970 martial arts films\n1970s action films\n1970s martial arts films\n1970s Cantonese-language films\nFilms shot in Hong Kong\nHong Kong action films\nHong Kong films\nHong Kong films about revenge\nHong Kong martial arts films\nKung fu films\n1970s Mandarin-language films\nFilms directed by Lung Chien", "Cage is a 1989 American martial arts action film starring Reb Brown and Lou Ferrigno.\n\nPlot\nA GI in the Vietnam War saves his buddy's life, but in the process is shot in the head. The injury results in brain damage to the point where he basically has a child's brain in a (very large) man's body. When they get out of the army the two open up a bar together, but some local gangsters make things tough for them after they refuse to take part in brutal \"cage\" matches where fighters battle to the point of serious injury and/or death.\n\nCast\n Lou Ferrigno as Billy Thomas\n Reb Brown as Scott Monroe\n Michael Dante as Tony Baccola\n Mike Moroff as Mario\n Marilyn Tokuda as Morgan Garrett\n Al Leong as Tiger Joe\n James Shigeta as Tin Lum Yin\n Branscombe Richmond as Diablo\n Tiger Chung Lee as Chang\n Al Ruscio as Costello\n Daniel Martine as Mono\n Rion Hunter as Chao Tung\n Dana Lee as Pang\n Maggie Mae Miller as Meme\n Paul Sorensen as Matt\n Danny Trejo as Costello's Bodyguard (uncredited)\n\nPre-Production\nWhen cast, Lou Ferrigno did extensive research on underground cage match style fighting, soldier life after injuries, and P.T.S.D. Reb Brown did not.\n\nReception\n\nThe film received a modest reception from critics.\n\nKevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called it \"An exceptionally stylish and dynamic martial-arts movie\".\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n \n\n1989 films\n1989 martial arts films\nAmerican martial arts films\nAmerican films\nMartial arts tournament films\nUnderground fighting films\nVietnam War films" ]

[ "Steven Seagal", "Martial arts", "When did he start martial arts", "Seagal moved to Japan at some point between 1971 and 1973." ]

[ "Jason David Danielson (born April 9, 1986), known professionally as , is an American comedian based in Japan and associated with Watanabe Entertainment. Danielson's comedic narrative is based on his confusion with kanji, ending with the punchline, \"Why Japanese people?!\"\n\nEarly and personal life\nDanielson was born in Michigan, United States. He attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign as an engineering major and traveled to Japan for a one-year internship in 2005 to develop English speech recognition software. He earned a bachelor's degree and master's degree in computer science. In 2011, Danielson returned to Japan and formed the Japanese branch of an IT company he worked for in Chicago. Along with his career in entertainment, Danielson continues to work full-time at the IT company. He is a Republican and supported Donald Trump in the 2016 United States presidential election.\n\nIn 2007, Danielson married a Japanese woman, who he met when he first went to Japan in 2005, with their wedding ceremony held in the United States. They have three daughters: , who was born in ; , who was born in ; and , who was born on .\n\nCareer\n\nWhile in Japan in 2005, Danielson became interested in Japanese comedy after watching . Two years after he returned to Japan, he attended a show held by the Japanese comedy duo , where he became acquainted with Ayumu Kato and was introduced to his agency, Watanabe Entertainment. He then trained at the agency's program, Watanabe Comedy School. Danielson's comedy routines based on his confusion with kanji, which he writes on a board behind him and ends with him yelling, \"Why Japanese people?!\" in English. He initially considered focusing on political criticism like American comedians but did not feel that it would be accepted by a Japanese audience. Danielson's stage name, Atsugiri, meaning \"thick-sliced\" in Japanese, originated from Atsugi, where he was living at the time, and because his chest is thick.\n\nAfter only four months of training, in October 2014, he made his first television appearance on R-1 Grand Prix 2015, where he attracted media attention for being the first non-Japanese finalist competing in the history of the show. Shortly after the show ended, Danielson appeared in a web-exclusive video featured as part of the advertising campaign of Nissin Foods' .\n\nOn November 8, 2015, Danielson released his first book, Nihon no Mina-san ni Otsutaeshitai 48 no Why. In February 2016, Danielson was announced as a host of the educational program Why? Programming, which was broadcast on NHK from March 21 to 25, 2016. On December 14, 2016, Danielson released his second book, Jason Shiki Eigo Training: Oboenai Eiei Tango 400. For the book's promotional event, he led an English class for 200 people, during which he stated that he was retiring his \"Why Japanese people?!\" catch phrase.\n\nFilmography\n\nFilm\n\nTelevision\n\nPublications\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1986 births\nLiving people\nAmerican expatriates in Japan\nExpatriate television personalities in Japan", "Ryu Shikun (柳時熏, born December 8, 1971 in Seoul, South Korea) is a professional Go player.\n\nBiography \nRyu Shikun is a Go player who grew up in Seoul. He did not move to Japan until he was 15, and just 2 years later he turned professional. He was promoted to 9 dan in 2003.\n\nTitles & runners-up\n\nSee also\nGo players\n\nExternal links\nGoBase Profile\nNihon Ki-in Profile (Japanese)\n\n1971 births\nLiving people\nSouth Korean Go players" ]

[ "Steven Seagal", "Martial arts", "When did he start martial arts", "Seagal moved to Japan at some point between 1971 and 1973.", "Why did he move to Japan", "I don't know." ]

[ "is a Japanese international rugby union player who plays in the lock position. He currently plays for the in Super Rugby and Canon Eagles in Japan's domestic Top League.\n\nEarly / Provincial Career\n\nUsami has played all of his senior club rugby in Japan with the Canon Eagles who he joined in 2014.\n\nSuper Rugby Career\n\nUsami was selected as a member of the first ever Sunwolves squad ahead of the 2016 Super Rugby season, however he did not make any appearances.\n\nInternational\n\nUsami made his senior international debut for Japan in a match against South Korea on April 18, 2015. He has largely featured in matches against other Asian nations such as Korea and Hong Kong, but he did play as a starter against in Vancouver during the 2016 mid-year rugby union internationals series.\n\nSuper Rugby Statistics\n\nReferences\n\n1992 births\nLiving people\nJapanese rugby union players\nJapan international rugby union players\nRugby union locks\nYokohama Canon Eagles players\nSunwolves players\nSportspeople from Ehime Prefecture\nRitsumeikan University alumni", "Nami Iguchi (井口奈己 Iguchi Nami, born December 4, 1967) is a Japanese film director, music video director, screen writer, and editor.\n\nEarly life\nIguchi raised in Akihabara・Ueno・Okachi-machi, Tokyo. From early childhood, she had yet to develop her interest in film-making, and simply enjoyed watching movies with cute girl characters. Moreover, during her childhood, she was more interested with professional wrestling and music than movies. However, she has said that the Kawanaka Nobuhiro quote \"You can make a movie with personal taste\" is what inspired her to make films. As a result, she entered the Image Forum Institute of Image Studies at age 20.\n\nCareer \nIn 2001, she directed the film Inuneko, which later received the Pia Film Festival Planning Award.\n\nIn 2003, she won the Japan Movie Professional Awards Newcomer Director Award.\n\nIn 2004, the remake version of Inuneko won the Jury Special Award, the International Critics Federation Prize, and the Best Screen Play Award at the Torino International Film Festival. In the same year, she received the 2004 Japan Film Director Association Newcomer Director Award.\n\nIguchi later directed Don't Laugh at My Romance, starring Matsuyama Kenichi, which was released in 2008. In 2014, she directed the film Nishino Yukihiko no Koi to Bōken, which starred Yutaka Takenouchi.\n\nStyles \nAccording to the actress Hiromi Nagasaku, who starred in Don’t Laugh at My Romance, \"the director did not call any cuts after the main scene, so the improvised ad-lib was difficult”. In her work, director Iguchi often does not cut the scene until the last second of the act. In addition, Iguchi says, “I understand that the tension of the actor goes up and down when shooting a scene. Sometimes actors’ tension goes down once, but it rises right after. When this happens, it is difficult to make a cut. Although I sometimes hesitate to make a cut, I would like to let the actors’ improvisation flow and see how the scene go in case it gets interesting.” For this reason, her work has a unique style that is more leisurely and relaxed because of her long shots.\n\nFilmography\n\nFilm \n\nInuneko (犬猫; ver. 2001) - as Film director, Screen writer, Editor\nInuneko (犬猫; ver. 2004) - as Film director, Screen writer, Editor\n\nThere are two versions of Inuneko. The original version is an independent film and it used 8 mm camera to shoot the entire film. The remake version is a commercial film and it used 35 mm camera with different casts.\n\nDon't Laugh at My Romance (人のセックスを笑うな; 2008) - as Film director, Screen writer\nNishino Yukihiko no Koi to Bōken (ニシノユキヒコの恋と冒険; 2014) - as Film director, Screen writer, Editor\n\nMusic Video \n\n \"Silhouette (シルエット)\" by Shione Yukawa in 2004 as Music video director.\n \"BLUE\" by Group inou in 2015 as Music video director.\n\nNotes\n\nReferences \n\n Armendariz Alejandra (2011). “An alternative representation of sexual difference in contemporary Japanese cinema made by women directors.” Journal of Japanese and Korean Cinema, Volume 3 no. 1: 21-35- via FIAF\n Bingham Adam (2010). “Original Visions.” Cineaction, Issue 81: 56-61- via FIAF\n 高木和真. “長回し撮影と同時録音から生まれる井口直美映画の「自然体」”\n Schilling Mark (January 18, 2018) “Hito no Sex o Warau na” Japan Times.\n Shoji Kaori (December 26, 2018) “The top movies of 2008” Kaori shoji, Japan Times.\n\nJapanese film directors\n1967 births\nLiving people" ]

[ "Steven Seagal", "Martial arts", "When did he start martial arts", "Seagal moved to Japan at some point between 1971 and 1973.", "Why did he move to Japan", "I don't know.", "DId he make any movies while in Japan", "I don't know." ]

[ "Bob Breen is an author and professional martial artist who began martial arts training in 1966. He has trained under a significant number of senior martial arts experts and respected figures in the martial arts world. He has published 10 books since 1988.\n\nCareer \n\nHaving begun martial arts training in 1966 after what he described was an early life involving frequent fights brought about by circumstances rather than intent, Bob began studying Wado Ryu under Tatsuo Suzuki in the early part of 1967. He earned his black belt in Wado Karate in 1970. He then went on to pass his second degree in 1972. Bob continued to study Karate and associated arts, and moved to Japan in 1974 in order to train under a number of Senior Masters.\nHe competed for Great Britain in traditional Karate, captaining the Amateur Martial Arts Association (AMA) team who beat the Japanese in 1974, before discovering Jeet Kune Do and bringing it to Britain. Soon after Bob began boxing and groundwork, he became one of the pioneers of full contact in Europe; fighting and promoting. In 1978 he started Eskrima with Jay Dobrin. Since 1979 he has been studying Jeet Kune Do under master and worldwide respected figure Dan Inosanto, who himself trained under Bruce Lee, father of Jeet Kune Do. He is one of the foremost experts in knife-defense and close quarter combat, and was the team captain and a competitor at the 1989 World Stickfighting championships and Coach of the British Eskrima team that won 13 World Championship medals, including four gold medals in 1992.\n\nHe is now qualified as a Full Instructor in JKD and Kali.\nRegarded as the father of JKD/Kali and Filipino martial arts in the UK and Europe, he has released a range of self-defense books and DVDs and currently runs a martial arts academy in Hoxton, London.\n\nBob Breen has also worked in training film actors in martial arts and fighting techniques, including working on spear and sword fighting with Gerard Butler and other actors for the 2007 film 300.\n\nPublications \n Fighting \n Sparring\n\nSee also\n\nDan Inosanto \nJeet kune do\nEskrima\nBruce Lee\n\nNotes \n\nBritish male martial artists\nLiving people\nYear of birth missing (living people)\nWadō-ryū practitioners\nJeet Kune Do practitioners", "Moo Duk Kwan is the name of a martial art organization founded by Hwang Kee in South Korea in 1945. Licensed Moo Duk Kwan schools teach Soo Bahk Do, formerly Tang Soo Do (and earlier 'Hwa Soo Do'). 'Moo Duk Kwan' translates as \"School of Martial Virtue\".\nTang Soo Do Moo Duk Kwan translates to “the brotherhood and school of stopping inner and outer conflict and developing virtue according to the way of the worthy hand”\n\nHistory\nAs a child, Hwang Kee witnessed a man using Taekyon to defend himself against a large group. The experience later inspired him to develop his own martial art. Although the Korea Taekkyon Associate disputes Hwang's story, Hwang says that the man refused to teach him, leaving him to devise his own system based on what he had seen. Traveling between Manchuria and Korea during World War II, Hwang later successfully appealed to Chinese martial arts teacher Yang Kuk Jin for training, fusing together Chinese and Korean martial arts into a form he initially called Hwa Soo Do (\"the Way of the Flowering Hand\"), altering to Tang Soo Do after the November 9, 1945 opening of a training hall proved unsuccessful. The new name led to greater success.\n\nHwang Kee further expanded his Moo Duk Kwan school of martial arts after in 1957 he was introduced to the Muye Dobo Tongji by a librarian at the Korean National University in Seoul. It referenced the martial arts system of Subak, a bare hands and feet technique. Hwang Kee changed the name of his martial art system to \"Soo Bahk Do\" on June 30, 1960.\n\nBy 1960, Tang Soo Do was being practiced by almost 75% of all martial artists in Korea, but the art did face challenges particularly in expanding beyond Korea, including attempted mergers into Taekwondo. However, in spite of these challenges it eventually spread worldwide, with close to 300,000 practitioners.\n\nAfter Hwang Kee died on July 14, 2002, his son Hwang Hyun-chul (Jin Mun) was named his successor. His appointment was approved unanimously by the Board of Directors of the United States Soo Bahk Do Moo Duk Kwan Federation, Inc. as well as other chapters through the world.\n\nTrademark and schools\nIn the United States, \"Moo Duk Kwan\" and the fist logo are federally registered trademarks of the U.S. Soo Bahk Do Moo Duk Kwan Federation and \"Soo Bahk Do\" and the \"Soo Bahk Do logo\" are service marks.\n\nSee also \nSoo Bahk Do\nTang Soo Do\nKwan (martial arts)\nTaekwondo\n\nNotes\n\nReferences \n\n Sources\n\n History of Moo Duk Kwan By Hwang Kee \n A Modern History of Taekwondo 1999 (Korean) Kyong Myung Lee and Kang Won Sik \n Excerpts from \"A Modern History of Taekwondo\"\n Global Taekwondo 2003 (English) Kyo Yoon Lee \n A Guide to Taekwondo 1996 (English) Kyo Yoon Lee \n Kukkiwon 25th Anniversary Text 1997 (Korean) Un Yong Kim\n Kukkiwon Textbook 2006 (English/Korean) Um Woon Kyu\n Beginning Moo Duk Kwan Tae Kwon Do Korean Art of Self-Defense Volume 1 by Richard Chun.\n\n Hancock, J. and Plyler, J. (2004). The International Tangsoodo Alliance Official Instructor's Manual, Revised Edition. Guthrie, KY: International Tangsoodo Alliance.\n\nExternal links \n\n Moo Duk Kwan History\n World Moo Duk Kwan\n\nSouth Korean martial arts" ]

[ "Steven Seagal", "Martial arts", "When did he start martial arts", "Seagal moved to Japan at some point between 1971 and 1973.", "Why did he move to Japan", "I don't know.", "DId he make any movies while in Japan", "I don't know.", "What did he do that had to do with martial arts", "Seagal initially returned to Taos, New Mexico, with his student (and later film stuntman) Craig Dunn, where they opened a dojo," ]

[ "Hacker Dojo is a community center and hackerspace that is based in Mountain View, California. Predominantly an open working space for software projects, the Dojo hosts a range of events from technology classes to biology, computer hardware, and manufacturing and is open to all types of hackers.\n\nOrganization \nThe Dojo is run mostly democratically by its membership under the oversight of five elected directors. Anybody can become a member, and hardship, worktrade and family rates are available. Member votes rarely deal with specific instances, and more work with general policy on how the Dojo should run. The Dojo is primarily financed through membership dues ($125/mo), but has historically accepted 3rd party sponsorships from Microsoft, Google, isocket, Twilio, AMS Dataserfs, and Palantir Technologies to fund expansions and renovations.\n\nCulture \nThe Dojo is entirely communal space from the tools in the electronics lab to the desks. Anything left there is considered fair game for anybody to play with. Very few restrictions are placed upon people provided they do not detract from the experience of members or consume resources they do not replace. Any member may run an event, and event organizers are permitted to charge non-members for attendance to their event. Members are always permitted to go everywhere they wish, provided they do not consume somebody else's finite resources (such as an event's food).\n\nPhysical Space \n\nThe Hacker Dojo was originally located at 140 South Whisman Road in Mountain View, CA. The facility started as being only 140A but the space expanded to include 140B in October 2009, and further expanded in October 2011 to lease units C and D, thus taking over the entirety of 140 S. Whisman. The expansion party was attended by several hundred individuals, including Steven Levy.\n\nBecause of zoning violations, the City of Mountain View blocked the use of units C and D, and restricted the use of units A and B to events no larger than 49 occupants., 140A was formerly an industrial artistic glassworking facility, though the community has put the space through a significant series of renovations.\n\nIn order to raise money to help meet building code requirements, the Dojo staged an \"underwear run,\" on Saint Patrick's Day as a fund raiser.\n\nConstruction bids to bring the 140 South Whisman space up to building code requirements came in much higher than expected, and on Monday, October 15, 2012, the Dojo signed a lease to rent a building at 599 Fairchild Drive, also in Mountain View. Move-in occurred on February 13, 2013, and a ribbon-cutting ceremony was held on February 27, 2013 \n\nThe lease on the building at 599 Fairchild Drive ran through May 31, 2016, at which time the Dojo moved to its third home, located at 3350 Thomas Road in Santa Clara.\n\nHacker Dojo and its fourth iteration returns back to its founding city in 2022.\n\nControversies\n\nDistributed denial of service attack\nMembers at Hacker Dojo could not access the Internet during several outages occurring between June 22 and July 14, 2013. The problem was eventually traced to an amplified distributed denial-of-service attack (DDoS) attack. In this case, the perpetrator was sending forged Domain Name Service (DNS) requests to multiple domain name servers, causing the servers to send large amounts data records to the Hacker Dojo, thereby overloading the system and preventing legitimate use of the network.\n\nDojo managers made several attempts to stop the attacks, but were unsuccessful. Eventually, they requested help from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which determined the outages were the result of a criminal act by Jason David Miller, a former Dojo member.\n\nAccording to the indictment, Miller had become a member on May 19, 2013, using the first name \"ad\" and the last name \"min,\" such that his username became \"ad.min\" and his email address \"ad.min@hackerdojo.com.\" Dojo management forbids misleading usernames, and terminated his email account. On June 1, 2013, Miller re-registered as \"Dallas Smith,\" and began attacking the Dojo's internet service a few weeks later, starting on June 22, 2013. He is charged with violation of Title 18 U.S.C. §§ 1030(a)(5)(A) and (c)(4)(B)(i)—Intentionally Causing Damage to a Protected Computer. Miller was indicted in May 2014.\n\nMiller claims he only intended to engage in a harmless prank. He had been a teaching assistant, researcher, and Eagle Scout. He was scheduled to be sentenced on October 3, 2016, in the courtroom of Judge Edward J. Davila in San Jose.\n\nEmbezzlement\nIn March, 2016, a local newspaper published an article saying the Dojo was facing a leadership crisis and that an employee had been accused of embezzlement.\nSince 2016, The organization has had a major overhaul in leadership with new Board Members bringing back some of the Founding Team of Super Happy Dev House. The organization currently holds a Platinum badge of Transparency with Guidestar. https://www.guidestar.org/profile/26-4812213\n\nUses \nThe three primary uses of Hacker Dojo are for events, as a coworking space, and for social purposes.\n\nEvents \nThe 140B building has been turned into a place where events such as Random Hacks of Kindness, Startup Weekend, and BayThreat among others have been hosted. It also has invented and run its own events such as a reverse job fair call the Hacker Fair where candidates present booths of their previous independent or open source work to company engineers who are accompanied by technical recruiters and the Startup Fair, where young companies have booths for investors to consider. Members can hold events at the Dojo free of charge, subject to approval from the Dojo events committee.\n\nCoworking \nA large number of Silicon Valley startups work daily out of the Hacker Dojo as their primary location, and Founders Institute, which is located nearby, encourages its members to work out of the Dojo\n\nNotable Startups With Hacker Dojo History \n Pinterest—the two founders met and built the first iteration of the product at Hacker Dojo\n Word Lens—acquired by Google\n Pebble Watches\n Infometers.com—acquired by Validic.com\n Skydera\n NetworkedBlogs\n Game Closure\n Chivaz Socks\n MicroMobs, now Wedding Party\n Cirroscope (then CirroSecure), acquired by Palo Alto Networks\n\nSocial \nThe Dojo used to have movie nights and a weekly Happy Hour.\n\nDojo in 2022\n\nOriginal Dojo\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n \"The official Hacker Dojo Google Group\"\n \"Peninsula hackers find a place to collaborate in Mountain View\". Mercury News. August 28, 2009\n \"Hacker Dojo in Mountain View sparks ideas and tinkering\". Mercury News. October 16, 2009\n \"A case for Hacker Dojo\". 248Creative.com. February 2010.\n \"Techies Get to Work at Hacker Dojo\" Wall Street Journal. 3/9/2011.\n \"At Hacker Dojo, Silicon Valley techies build toward success\". CNet News.com. April 4, 2011.\n \"The Stanford Igniters meetup once a month at Hacker Dojo\"\n\nHacker groups\nComputer clubs\nHackerspaces\nHackerspaces in the San Francisco Bay Area\nBuildings and structures in Santa Clara, California\nCulture in the San Francisco Bay Area\n2009 establishments in California", "Dojo Toolkit (stylized as dōjō toolkit) is an open-source modular JavaScript library (or more specifically JavaScript toolkit) designed to ease the rapid development of cross-platform, JavaScript/Ajax-based applications and web sites. It was started by Alex Russell, Dylan Schiemann, David Schontzler, and others in 2004 and is dual-licensed under the modified BSD license or the Academic Free License (≥ 2.1).\n\nThe Dojo Foundation was a non-profit organization created with the goal to promote the adoption of the toolkit. In 2016, the foundation merged with jQuery Foundation to become JS Foundation.\n\nOverview\n\nDojo is a JavaScript framework targeting the many needs of large-scale client-side web development. For example, Dojo abstracts the differences among diverse browsers to provide APIs that will work on all of them (it can even run on the server under Node.js); it establishes a framework for defining modules of code and managing their interdependencies; it provides build tools for optimizing JavaScript and CSS, generating documentation, and unit testing; it supports internationalization, localization, and accessibility; and it provides a rich suite of commonly needed utility classes and user-interface widgets.\n\nDojo is completely open-source. The entire toolkit can be downloaded as a ZIP and is also hosted on the Google CDN. The toolkit includes about three thousand JavaScript modules, in addition to images and other resources.\n\nThe Dojo Toolkit is organized in several parts:\n dojo contains the core and most non-visual modules. \n dijit is a library of user-interface modules for widgets and layout.\n dojox holds assorted modules not yet considered stable enough to include in dojo or dijit.\n util includes build tools such as optimization, documentation, style-checking, and testing.\n\nFeatures\n\nWidgets\n\nDojo widgets are components — comprising JavaScript code, HTML markup, and CSS style declarations — that provide multi-browser (not to be confused with cross-browser), interactive features:\n\n Menus, tabs, and tooltips\n Sortable tables\n Dynamic charts\n 2D vector drawings\n Animated effects—fades, wipes and slides—facilities for custom animation effects\n\nAsynchronous communication\n\nOne important feature of Ajax applications is asynchronous communication of the browser with the server: information is exchanged and the page's presentation is updated without a need for reloading the whole page. Traditionally, this is done with the JavaScript object XMLHttpRequest. Dojo provides an abstracted wrapper (dojo.xhr) around various web browsers' implementations of XMLHttpRequest, and dojo.io also supports other transports (such as hidden IFrames) and a variety of data formats. Using this approach, it is easy to have the data a user enters into a form sent to the server \"behind the scenes\"; the server can then reply with some JavaScript code that updates the presentation of the page.\n\nPackaging system\n\nDojo provides a packaging system to facilitate modular development of functionality in individual packages and sub-packages; the base Dojo \"bootstrap\" script initializes a set of hierarchical package namespaces — \"io\", \"event\", etc. — under a root \"dojo\" namespace. After initialization of the root namespace, any Dojo package can be loaded (via XMLHttpRequest or other similar transport) by using utility functions supplied in the bootstrap. It is also possible to initialize additional namespaces within or parallel to the \"dojo\" namespace, allowing extensions of Dojo or the development of private Dojo-managed namespaces for third-party libraries and applications.\n\nDojo packages can consist of multiple files and can specify which files constitute the entire package. Any package or file can also specify a dependency on other packages or files; when the package is loaded, any dependencies it specifies will also be loaded.\n\nWorkarounds for cross-domain loading of most Dojo packages are provided (though this requires a specialized build of Dojo).\n\nDojo also provides a mechanism for building \"profiles\"; the build system takes as input a list of packages, and uses Rhino to create a single compressed JavaScript file containing those packages and all their dependencies. This allows all necessary code to be loaded and initialized at once, and permits caching of the code (most web browsers do not cache files loaded via XMLHttpRequest). Pre-built profiles for some common use cases are available for download from the same location as the full toolkit.\n\nClient-side data storage\n\nIn addition to providing support functions for reading and writing cookies, Dojo formerly supported a local, client-side storage abstraction named Dojo Storage. Dojo Storage allows web applications to store data on the client-side, persistently and securely and with a user's permission. It works across existing web browsers, including Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Safari. When included in a web page, Dojo Storage determines the best method for persistently storing information. Firefox 2 uses native browser persistence; on other browsers, it uses a hidden Flash applet. With Flash 6+ being installed on about 95% of computers connected to the web, this makes the storage mechanism accessible for much of the web's installed base. For a web application loaded from the file system, i.e., from a file:// URL, Dojo Storage will transparently use XPCOM on Firefox and ActiveX on Internet Explorer to persist information. The programmer using Dojo Storage is abstracted from the storage mechanism used and is presented with a simple hash table abstraction, with methods such as put() and get().\nDojo Storage is not supported in versions later than the 1.3 release.\n\nServer-side data storage\n\nAs of January 2007, Dojo includes the following example server-side datastore implementations in the dojo.data namespace:\n\n CsvStore: a read-only store that reads tabular data from comma-separated values files\n OpmlStore: a read-only store that reads hierarchical data from OPML format files\n YahooStore: a read-only store that fetches search results from the Yahoo! Search web service\n DeliciousStore: a read-only store that fetches bookmarks from the del.icio.us web service\n RdfStore: a read-write store that uses SPARQL to talk to RDF data servers including, for example, the Rhizome RDF application server.\n\nSupport for Adobe Integrated Runtime (AIR)\n\nDojo can be used in JavaScript-based Adobe AIR applications. It has been modified to meet AIR's security requirements.\n\nSitePen, a Dojo consulting company, has made an Adobe AIR application called \"Dojo Toolbox\" using Dojo. It includes an API viewer and a GUI to Dojo's build system. Normally, the build system is run from within Rhino, but in this AIR application the build system can be run from AIR, without the use of Java.\n\nThe advancement of technology has positively influenced the growth of businesses all over the planet. With the help of modern technologies like websites and mobile applications, every firm can sell its products or services online without hassle. We, QuikieApps, have acquired recognition and reputation through the reliance of our respected clients as the top Web development company in Bangalore, India, USA, UK, Dubai. Adapting the dynamic technology of the web and mobile applications is the first step to success in this modish and competitive world.\n\nRelease history\n\nDojo Toolkit\n\nVersions 1.10 through 1.16 continue to receive new point releases as important changes are backported.\n\nDojo\n\nVersion 2.0 was released in 2018. Version 2.0 and later drop the word 'toolkit' from name.\n\nCriticisms\n\nLoading\n\nEarlier versions of Dojo had a reputation for being bulky and slow to load. It also required extra work to load Dojo across domains, e.g., from a CDN. Addressing these problems was the major goal of Dojo 1.7, which introduced asynchronous module definition (AMD) and a \"nano\" loader.\n\nDocumentation\n\nDojo has long been criticized for its incomplete, scattered, and outdated documentation. Recognizing this, the developers made huge improvements in the documentation for the 1.8 release, including new tutorials, an API browser, filling in the missing pieces, and updating most examples to AMD style.\n\nA number of books have been written about Dojo, but all based upon Dojo 1.3 or earlier, now several years out of date. Since these predate AMD support and its accompanying reorganization, examples in these books almost invariably rely on things that are now deprecated and no longer best practice. Most authors are waiting for Dojo 2.0 before publishing anything new.\n\nLearning curve\n\nMany have commented that Dojo seems difficult to learn and get started with, especially in comparison with the more popular jQuery.\n\nDojo co-creator Dylan Schiemann acknowledges this as a consequence of their different scopes: \"It’s certainly easier to learn something that’s smaller than something that does more, but our avid users are quick to point out that a bit more learning up front saves them countless hours for things that Dojo makes easy.\"\n\nAPI stabillity\n\nEarly users faced a difficult transition to the 1.0 release after the toolkit was totally rewritten. The move to AMD in recent versions has been similarly problematic. Dojo has taken great pains to maintain backward compatibility despite its rapid evolution, with a large portion of the current API deprecated but still maintained, but users have often found that upgrades did not go as smoothly as hoped.\n\nDojo 2.0 release removed much of the deprecated API and switched from JavaScript to TypeScript.\n\nDojo Foundation and sponsorship\n\nThe Dojo Foundation was a 501(c)(6) non-profit organization founded in 2005 to help open source projects. Its primary goals are to aid in adoption by companies, and encourage projects in the foundation to collaborate with one another.\n\nIts sponsors and members are:\n\nThe Dojo Foundation also helps the following projects in addition to the Dojo Toolkit:\n\nIn 2006, both IBM and Sun Microsystems announced official support for Dojo, including code contributions. A Gartner report in 2009 noted that IBM support Dojo across 30 of their products. Zend Technologies, the company behind the PHP core, announced a partnership with Dojo in 2008, incorporating the toolkit into the Zend Framework.\n\nIn 2016, the Dojo Foundation merged with jQuery Foundation to become JS Foundation.\n\nSee also\n\nComparison of JavaScript frameworks\nJavaScript framework\nJavaScript library\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n\nExternal links\nDojo toolkit website\n\nJavaScript libraries\nAjax (programming)\nJavaScript-based HTML editors\nSoftware using the Academic Free License\nSoftware using the BSD license\n\nThe advancement of technology has positively influenced the growth of businesses all over the planet. With the help of modern technologies like websites and mobile applications, every firm can sell its products or services online without hassle. We, QuikieApps, have acquired recognition and reputation through the reliance of our respected clients as the top Web development company in Bangalore, India, USA, UK, Dubai. Adapting the dynamic technology of the web and mobile applications is the first step to success in this modish and competitive world." ]

[ "Steven Seagal", "Martial arts", "When did he start martial arts", "Seagal moved to Japan at some point between 1971 and 1973.", "Why did he move to Japan", "I don't know.", "DId he make any movies while in Japan", "I don't know.", "What did he do that had to do with martial arts", "Seagal initially returned to Taos, New Mexico, with his student (and later film stuntman) Craig Dunn, where they opened a dojo,", "How long did they have the dojo", "Seagal left Matsuoka in charge of the dojo, which he ran until the two parted ways in 1997." ]

[ "Přírodní park Třebíčsko (before Oblast klidu Třebíčsko) is a natural park near Třebíč in the Czech Republic. There are many interesting plants. The park was founded in 1983.\n\nKobylinec and Ptáčovský kopeček\n\nKobylinec is a natural monument situated ca 0,5 km from the village of Trnava.\nThe area of this monument is 0,44 ha. Pulsatilla grandis can be found here and in the Ptáčovský kopeček park near Ptáčov near Třebíč. Both monuments are very popular for tourists.\n\nPonds\n\nIn the natural park there are some interesting ponds such as Velký Bor, Malý Bor, Buršík near Přeckov and a brook Březinka. Dams on the brook are examples of European beaver activity.\n\nSyenitové skály near Pocoucov\n\nSyenitové skály (rocks of syenit) near Pocoucov is one of famed locations. There are interesting granite boulders. The area of the reservation is 0,77 ha.\n\nExternal links\nParts of this article or all article was translated from Czech. The original article is :cs:Přírodní park Třebíčsko.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nNature near the village Trnava which is there\n\nTřebíč\nParks in the Czech Republic\nTourist attractions in the Vysočina Region", "Damn Interesting is an independent website founded by Alan Bellows in 2005. The website presents true stories from science, history, and psychology, primarily as long-form articles, often illustrated with original artwork. Works are written by various authors, and published at irregular intervals. The website openly rejects advertising, relying on reader and listener donations to cover operating costs.\n\nAs of October 2012, each article is also published as a podcast under the same name. In November 2019, a second podcast was launched under the title Damn Interesting Week, featuring unscripted commentary on an assortment of news articles featured on the website's \"Curated Links\" section that week. In mid-2020, a third podcast called Damn Interesting Curio Cabinet began highlighting the website's periodic short-form articles in the same radioplay format as the original podcast.\n\nIn July 2009, Damn Interesting published the print book Alien Hand Syndrome through Workman Publishing. It contains some favorites from the site and some exclusive content.\n\nAwards and recognition \nIn August 2007, PC Magazine named Damn Interesting one of the \"Top 100 Undiscovered Web Sites\".\nThe article \"The Zero-Armed Bandit\" by Alan Bellows won a 2015 Sidney Award from David Brooks in The New York Times.\nThe article \"Ghoulish Acts and Dastardly Deeds\" by Alan Bellows was cited as \"nonfiction journalism from 2017 that will stand the test of time\" by Conor Friedersdorf in The Atlantic.\nThe article \"Dupes and Duplicity\" by Jennifer Lee Noonan won a 2020 Sidney Award from David Brooks in the New York Times.\n\nAccusing The Dollop of plagiarism \n\nOn July 9, 2015, Bellows posted an open letter accusing The Dollop, a comedy podcast about history, of plagiarism due to their repeated use of verbatim text from Damn Interesting articles without permission or attribution. Dave Anthony, the writer of The Dollop, responded on reddit, admitting to using Damn Interesting content, but claiming that the use was protected by fair use, and that \"historical facts are not copyrightable.\" In an article about the controversy on Plagiarism Today, Jonathan Bailey concluded, \"Any way one looks at it, The Dollop failed its ethical obligations to all of the people, not just those writing for Damn Interesting, who put in the time, energy and expertise into writing the original content upon which their show is based.\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Official website\n\n2005 podcast debuts" ]

[ "Steven Seagal", "Martial arts", "When did he start martial arts", "Seagal moved to Japan at some point between 1971 and 1973.", "Why did he move to Japan", "I don't know.", "DId he make any movies while in Japan", "I don't know.", "What did he do that had to do with martial arts", "Seagal initially returned to Taos, New Mexico, with his student (and later film stuntman) Craig Dunn, where they opened a dojo,", "How long did they have the dojo", "Seagal left Matsuoka in charge of the dojo, which he ran until the two parted ways in 1997.", "Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?", "Seagal helped train Brazilian Mixed Martial Artist Lyoto Machida, who credited Seagal for helping him perfect the front kick" ]

[ "Anyone Else may refer to:\n \"Anyone Else\" (Collin Raye song), 1999\n \"Anyone Else\" (Matt Cardle song), 2012", "Ruwida El-Hubti (born 16 April 1989) is an Olympic athlete from Libya. At the 2004 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's 400 metres. She finished last in her heat with a time of 1:03.57, almost 11 seconds slower than anyone else in the heat, and the slowest of anyone in the competition. However, she did set a national record.\n\nReferences\n\n1989 births\nLiving people\nOlympic athletes of Libya\nAthletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics" ]

[ "Scott W. Rothstein", "Law partner murder" ]

[ "On Fire: A Teen Wolf Novel is a New York Times bestselling book. It is set in urban Beacon Hills and written by Nancy Holder.\n\nPlot\nSixteen-year-old Scott McCall is looking for half of what's left of a murdered woman, with his best friend Stiles. While after being left alone in the woods, he was bitten by an alpha werewolf.\n\nCharacters\nScott McCall is the sixteen-year-old protagonist. Raised by his single mother, Melissa McCall a nurse at the local hospital. He was a normal kid that grew up in a broken home. Until one day before the school year started he was bitten by an Alpha werewolf. Now he is forced to hide his other side from his mother.\nStiles Stilinski is the son of the local sheriff, and Scott's best friend.\nAllison Argent is the daughter of werewolves hunters, and Scott's love interest\nDerek Hale is a mysterious werewolf who helps Scott to control his powers\nLydia Martin is a popular girl from Scott's high school, who quickly becomes friends with Allyson. She's very smart, she's fine in school, her boyfriend is Jackson Whittermore and she's Stiles' crush.\n\nReferences\n\n2012 American novels\nTeen Wolf (2011 TV series)", "Scott John Hunter is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera Home and Away, played by Kip Gamblin. He made his first on-screen appearance on 23 January 2003. The character was riding a white horse onto the beach, where he was spotted by Dani Sutherland. Scott departed on 25 November 2005.\n\nStorylines\nScott is first seen riding his horse, Jacko while helping a search party find an ill Alf Stewart (Ray Meagher) who has been missing. Scott meets Dani Sutherland (Tammin Sursok) and they become attracted to one another and begin a relationship.\nScott later purchases the local boatshed previously owned by Rob Storey (Matthew Lilley) but finds himself at odds with Dani's ex-boyfriend Josh West (Daniel Collopy), who wants to start a development on the land where the boatshed is based. The boatshed is later burned out.\n\nAfter a misunderstanding where several residents think Scott and Dani are getting engaged, Scott uses this chance for Dani to meet his mother, Beth (Clarissa House). When a woman named Mira Sardelic (Hollie Andrew) arrives in the bay, it is revealed that she is Scott's wife and they married in a bid to keep her in Australia. Mira insists she still wants to be with Scott but realises he does not feel the same way and leaves. When Scott's teenage sister, Kit (Amy Mizzi) arrives in town, he has to contend with her alcoholism.\n\nScott later purchases a 50% share in Alf's boat, The Blaxland and later hires Kane Phillips (Sam Atwell) as a deckhand, not knowing his identity but soon sacks him after he learns Kane raped Dani two years prior. When Dani stands trial for running over Kane, Scott supports her but Dani is found guilty and imprisoned. Shortly after Dani is released, the couple move into together after Summer Bay House becomes crowded when their respective families combine during Beth's engagement and subsequent marriage to Dani's father Rhys (Michael Beckley).\n\nWhen Dani is harassed by Felix Walters (Josh Lawson), one of her fellow students at Yabbie Creek University, Scott and Kane warn him off. Shortly after, Felix is hospitalized after a vicious beating. It emerges that Viv \"The Guv\" Standish (Maggie Kirkpatrick), one of Dani's prison friends had sent some people to attack Felix. Scott later goes on a fishing trip and a policewoman arrives to inform Dani and their housemates of his death. However, Scott returns alive and well the following day, unaware of what has transpired.\n\nWhen Scott and Dani's friends Noah Lawson (Beau Brady) and Hayley Smith (Bec Cartwright) are due to marry, Dani suggests they get married too but the couple joining Noah on their day are Dani's sister Kirsty (Christie Hayes) and Kane who are renewing their vows.\n\nScott and Dani find themselves on the receiving end of some vicious attacks including Dani having her hands burned with acid. The culprit is revealed to be Felix's girlfriend, Sarah Lewis (Luisa Hastings-Edge). Scott and Dani decide to join Hayley and Noah on their honeymoon to Paris but on the day of departure, they forget their passports and when they return to their home, they find Sarah holding a gun. Scott is forced at gunpoint to drive Sarah to Leah Patterson's (Ada Nicodemou) house where several other some bay residents are hiding. An armed siege culminates in Sarah shooting Noah dead, knocking out Detective Peter Baker (Nicholas Bishop) and shooting herself.\n\nFollowing Noah's funeral, Scott proposes to Dani again and she accepts and they being making plans. But When Dani gets a call from \"The Guv\" who is terminally ill in hospital and begins working on her memoirs, This puts a strain on Scott and Dani's relationship and they split, and Dani leaves Summer Bay for good. Scott then begins drinking heavily and Kit returns to help sort him out as he had done with her before. Scott decides to leave with Kit to spend the Christmas break in Paris.\n\nWhen Scott returns in the New Year, he is left homeless after a fire is caused by a faulty fan and he moves back in with Beth. He becomes close to Hayley and they sleep together one night. Soon after Hayley becomes involved with Kim Hyde (Chris Hemsworth) and Scott begins dating a girl called Lisa. It soon emerges that Lisa is already married and she and Scott split.\n\nHayley falls pregnant and she is unsure of who the father is and both Kim and Scott participate in the paternity test. Kim is believed to be the father, and Scott and Hayley decide to resume their relationship but Hayley calls it off wanting to be with Kim. During this Scott beings a relationship with Amanda Vale (Holly Brisley). Hayley and Kim later become engaged and prepare to marry.\n\nAmanda realises Scott and Hayley still want to be with each other, she takes a boat out to sea in a storm and Scott goes after her, resulting in the pair going missing. The wedding is delayed but Scott and Amanda are found. Amanda tells Scott she is pregnant too and he believes her. After faking an ultrasound and subsequent miscarriage, Amanda's deceit is soon uncovered and Scott dumps her.\n\nHayley later goes into labour but is in a secluded location after leaving town following Amanda's scheming. She is found by Scott when he searches for her with Alf and Kim. Scott delivers the baby and Hayley names the child Noah after her late husband.\n\nScott and Hayley get back together and decide to leave Australia for Paris. Kim is against them taking baby Noah with them and fights against them. When Kim is hit by a car leaving the hearing and admitted to hospital, it emerges his blood type doesn't match Noah's and Scott is revealed to be the biological father. Scott and Hayley then leave.\n\nReception\nFor his portrayal of Scott, Gamblin won the \"Most Popular New Male Talent\" Logie Award in 2004. Linda Barnier of the Newcastle Herald described Scott as a \"beefcake\" and opined that his debut on his horse Jacko was a \"very Man from Snowy River moment\".\n\nReferences\n\nHome and Away characters\nTelevision characters introduced in 2003\nMale characters in television" ]

[ "Scott W. Rothstein", "Law partner murder", "who is scott?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter." ]

[ "Hideout is a novel by Gordon Korman. It serves as the fifth novel in the Swindle series, with Griffin Bing and his friends Savannah, Ben, Antonia \"Pitch\", Logan, and Melissa.\n\nPlot\nSwindle is back, and he wants his dog, Luthor, back. After the once menacing guard dog almost won the Global Kennel Dog Show, S. Wendell Palomino (AKA Swindle) sees a chance to become rich. And with that money, he'll devote his life to ruining Griffin and his friends' lives. Griffin knows that, but when Palomino actually shows up at Savannah Drysdale's house, in the middle of Luthor's birthday party, he's still surprised. Swindle claims Luthor still belongs to him, and the Cedarville pound cannot find the file that says the Drysdales legally adopted him (which we later find out that Palomino stole). They take this matter to court, and when the judge declares that Savannah must return Luthor to Palomino, she's heartbroken. She enlists Griffin to deduct a plan to prove Luthor is rightfully hers. The book consists of three parts, one for each hideout, at each camp. Savannah and Griffins camp is the first hideout, Melissa and Logan's camp is the next, and Pitch and Ben's camp is the last hideout. The struggle is increased with different goons that Palomino hired, plagiarizing random people at the camp, trying to move the heavy Luthor to different camps, and the fact that they have no transportation except random delivery trucks.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n2013 Canadian novels\nNovels by Gordon Korman\nCanadian children's novels\n2013 children's books", "Swindle is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:\n\nChristina Swindle (born 1984), American swimmer\nClinton Howard Swindle (1945-2004), investigative journalist and editor for The Dallas Morning News and author\nGerald Swindle, American professional bass angler\nLiz Lemon Swindle, (born 1953), American painter\nOrson Swindle (born 1937), American Vietnam War veteran and former government official\n\nSee also\nSwindler (surname)\nSwindell\nSwindall" ]

[ "Scott W. Rothstein", "Law partner murder", "who is scott?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter.", "what happened with swindle pitch?", "I don't know." ]

[ "\"Where Did All the Love Go?\" is a song by English rock band Kasabian and is the second official single from their third album, West Ryder Pauper Lunatic Asylum. It was released on 10 August 2009.\n\nLyrics \nGuitarist Sergio Pizzorno explained the song's meaning to New Musical Express stating that \"It's sitting at home seeing another kid get stabbed, everyone is scared and going, 'What the fuck is going on?\" The song also speaks about the Internet, with Pizzorno elaborating in an interview with The Sun that \"Kids today grow up really quickly and there's too much information. News channels, the internet and social networking sites. People aren't leaving their bedrooms and it's just crazy. The things that make you most happy are quite simple. That song is looking for the romantic image of life, when people looked out for each other.\"\n\nMusic video\nAccording to Serge Pizzorno, the song's music video was inspired by Kenneth Anger's films like Scorpio Rising, Busby Berkeley and French cabaret.\n\nPersonnel\nKasabian\nTom Meighan – lead vocals\nSergio Pizzorno – guitars, synths, backing vocals\nChris Edwards – bass\nIan Matthews – drums\nAdditional personnel\nRosie Danvers – string direction\nWired Strings – strings\n\nChart performance\nFollowing its release in August 2009, \"Where Did All the Love Go?\" entered the UK Singles Chart at a peak of #30. Although not as successful as the previous single \"Fire\", this single did prove popular on the radio.\n\nTrack listings\n2-Track CD PARADISE64\n \"Where Did All the Love Go?\" – 4:18\n \"Vlad the Impaler\" (Zane Lowe Remix) - 4:32\n10\" PARADISE65\n \"Where Did All the Love Go?\" – 4:18\n \"Where Did All the Love Go?\" (Burns Remix) - 6:07\nDigital Download\n \"Where Did All the Love Go?\" (Live at Le Live De La Sema) - 4:30\niTunes Bundle\n \"Where Did All the Love Go?\" – 4:18\n \"Vlad the Impaler\" (Zane Lowe Remix) - 4:32\n \"Where Did All the Love Go?\" (Burns Remix) - 6:07\n \"Take Aim\" (Dan the Automator Remix) - 5:17\n2-Track Radio Promo CD\n \"Where Did All the Love Go?\" (Radio Edit) – 4:14\n \"Where Did All the Love Go?\" (Instrumental) – 4:26\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nTownsend-records.co.uk\n\nKasabian songs\n2009 singles\nSongs written by Sergio Pizzorno\n2009 songs\nRCA Records singles\nColumbia Records singles\nSongs about crime", "Baby was an American southern rock band from Texas that formed in 1970.\n\nRecording history\n\nThe band's 1974 self-titled album Baby got the attention of the executives at Mercury Records based on their regional album sales in Texas. The album was remixed and re-released in mid-1975 on Mercury and thereby derived a national distribution network. The follow-up album was called Where Did All The Money Go? which got released on Chelsea Records in 1976.\n\nReferences\n\nAmerican southern rock musical groups\nmusical groups from Texas" ]

[ "Scott W. Rothstein", "Law partner murder", "who is scott?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter.", "what happened with swindle pitch?", "I don't know.", "where did the money go?", "In 2005, the year the Ponzi scheme allegedly began," ]

[ "Thomas McPherson Brown (1906–1989) was a rheumatologist who held unorthodox views about the basis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and believed it could be cured with antibiotics.\n\nBrown graduated from Swarthmore College then attended Johns Hopkins Medical School. He did his medical residency at the hospital associated with the Rockefeller Institute.At Rockefeller he did research on synovial fluid from people with RA and in 1937 found Mycoplasma in the fluid from some patients, leading him to believe that RA might be an infectious disease. His work was interrupted by service in World War II; after the war he obtained a position at George Washington University and began to experimentally treat some people with RA with antibiotics, which at the time were a new class of drugs. Some of the people he treated were members of Congress or ambassadors, and some of them responded positively. He presented his work at a conference in 1949; at the same conference, the new drug cortisone was presented, and it overshadowed his work and became the leading treatment for RA.\n\nThroughout his career, Brown fought to have his antibiotic treatments recognized by the medical establishment; they were not.\n\nFootnotes\n\n1906 births\n1989 deaths\nAmerican rheumatologists\n20th-century American physicians", "Ben Thigpen (November 16, 1908 – October 5, 1971) was an American jazz drummer. He is the father of drummer Ed Thigpen.\n\nHe was born Benjamin F. Thigpen in Laurel, Mississippi. Ben Thigpen played piano as a child, having been trained by his sister Eva. He played in South Bend, Indiana with Bobby Boswell in the 1920s, and then moved to Chicago to study under Jimmy Bertrand. While there he played with many noted Chicago bandleaders and performers, including Doc Cheatham. He played with Charlie Elgar's Creole Band during 1927-1929 but did not record with them. Following this he spent time in Cleveland with J. Frank Terry, and then became the drummer for Andy Kirk's Clouds of Joy, where he stayed from 1930 to 1947. Much of his work is available on collections highlighting the piano work of Mary Lou Williams, who also played in this ensemble.\n\nAfter his time with Kirk, Thigpen's career is poorly documented. He led his own quintet in St. Louis and recorded with Singleton Palmer in the 1960s.\n\nReferences\n[ Ben Thigpen] at Allmusic\n\nExternal links\n Ben Thigpen recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.\n\nAmerican jazz drummers\n1908 births\n1971 deaths" ]

[ "Scott W. Rothstein", "Law partner murder", "who is scott?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter.", "what happened with swindle pitch?", "I don't know.", "where did the money go?", "In 2005, the year the Ponzi scheme allegedly began,", "who did he work with?", "Debra Villegas, who handles his money, is the law firm's chief operating officer. She is co-owner with Rothstein" ]

[ "Xie Shiguang (; June 1917 – 25 August 2005) was a bishop of People's Republic of China's underground Roman Catholic Church.\n\nCareer \nXie was ordained to the priesthood on May 3, 1949, and he became a bishop on January 25, 1984.\n\nArrests \nXie was arrested multiple times in China. The first arrest was in 1955, when he refused to enter the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. He was arrested again for the same reason in 1958, but he was sentenced to 15 years imprisonment. He was then arrested in 1984, released in 1987, and was arrested yet again in 1990.\n\nDeath \nXie died from leukemia on 25 August 2005 at the age of 88.\n\nHeritage \nA street has been named after him in 2021 in Budapest.\n\nSee also\n\nCatholicism in China\n\nReferences \n\n20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in China\n1917 births\n2005 deaths\n21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in China\nDeaths from leukemia", "M. A. Aziz (1921 - 11 January 1971) was an Awami League politician and the former Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan from Kotwali-Double Mooring, Chittagong.\n\nEarly life\nAziz was born in 1921 in Halishahar, Bengal Presidency, British India. In 1940 he graduated from Pahartali Railway High School and then completed his IA in 1942 from Chittagong College. He was expelled from the college due to his activities with the All Bengal Muslim Students league. After which he joined the Awami Muslim League.\n\nCareer\nAziz was the first general secretary of Chittagong District. He was involved in the Bengali Language Movement and worked as the joint convener \"Sarba Daliya Rashtra Bhasha Sangram Committee\". He was arrested for his involvement. In 1953 he was elected to the central committee of Awami League. In 1954 he was arrested. In 1958 he was arrested again after Martial law was declared. In the 1960s, he started a business with Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Bhupati Bhushan Chowdhury named New Agency. The majority of the profits were to be used to finance Awami League.\n\nAziz played an important role in the Six point program led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. On 8 May 1966 he was arrested for his role in the program. On 18 July 1970 he was arrested for protesting martial law. In 1970 general elections he was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan, from Kotwali-Double Mooring constituency as a candidate of Awami League.\n\nDeath\nAziz died on 11 January 1971. M. A. Aziz Stadium in Chittagong was named after him.\n\nReferences\n\nAwami League politicians\n1921 births\n1971 deaths" ]

[ "Scott W. Rothstein", "Law partner murder", "who is scott?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter.", "what happened with swindle pitch?", "I don't know.", "where did the money go?", "In 2005, the year the Ponzi scheme allegedly began,", "who did he work with?", "Debra Villegas, who handles his money, is the law firm's chief operating officer. She is co-owner with Rothstein", "was he arrested?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter." ]

[ "Quite Interesting Limited is a British research company, most notable for providing the research for the British television panel game QI (itself an abbreviation of Quite Interesting) and the Swedish version Intresseklubben, as well as other QI–related programmes and products. The company founder and chairman is John Lloyd, the creator and producer of QI, and host of the radio panel game The Museum of Curiosity, which also uses Quite Interesting Limited for its research. John Mitchinson is the company's director and also works as head of research for QI.\n\nAbout\nLloyd founded Quite Interesting Limited in 1999. It is claimed that the idea of founding the company came on Christmas Eve 1993. According to his profile on QI.com, \"he came to the sudden and alarming realisation that he didn't really know anything. Changing gear again, he started reading books for the first time since he was 17. To his horror, he discovered that he hadn't been paying attention and, with painful slowness, unearthed the closely guarded secret that the universe is astoundingly quite interesting.\"\n\nThe philosophy of the company is that it claims that there are four primal drives: food, sex, shelter and curiosity. Out of these, curiosity is supposedly the most important because, \"unlike the other three drives, it is what makes us uniquely human.\" The company claims that, \"Whatever is interesting we are interested in. Whatever is not interesting, we are even more interested in. Everything is interesting if looked at in the right way.\"\n\nThose who carry out research are known as the \"QI Elves\". Notable elves include Justin Pollard and Vitali Vitaliev. They are also responsible for helping to write the questions used on QI. People wishing to become elves are recommended to start by commenting on the forums of the QI website.\n\nProducts\n\nDVDs\n\nBooks\n\nReferences\n\nQI\nCompanies based in Oxford\nBritish companies established in 1999\nPrivately held companies of the United Kingdom", "\"How Interesting: A Tiny Man\" is a 2010 science fiction/magical realism short story by American writer Harlan Ellison. It was first published in Realms of Fantasy.\n\nPlot summary\nA scientist creates a tiny man. The tiny man is initially very popular, but then draws the hatred of the world, and so the tiny man must flee, together with the scientist (who is now likewise hated, for having created the tiny man).\n\nReception\n\"How Interesting: A Tiny Man\" won the 2010 Nebula Award for Best Short Story, tied with Kij Johnson's \"Ponies\". It was Ellison's final Nebula nomination and win, of his record-setting eight nominations and three wins.\n\nTor.com calls the story \"deceptively simple\", with \"execution (that) is flawless\" and a \"Geppetto-like\" narrator, while Publishers Weekly describes it as \"memorably depict(ing) humanity's smallness of spirit\". The SF Site, however, felt it was \"contrived and less than profound\".\n\nNick Mamatas compared \"How Interesting: A Tiny Man\" negatively to Ellison's other Nebula-winning short stories, and stated that the story's two mutually exclusive endings (in one, the tiny man is killed; in the other, he becomes God) are evocative of the process of writing short stories. Ben Peek considered it to be \"more allegory than (...) anything else\", and interpreted it as being about how the media \"give(s) everyone a voice\", and also about how Ellison was treated by science fiction fandom.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nAudio version of ''How Interesting: A Tiny Man, at StarShipSofa\nHow Interesting: A Tiny Man, at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database\n\nNebula Award for Best Short Story-winning works\nShort stories by Harlan Ellison" ]

[ "Scott W. Rothstein", "Law partner murder", "who is scott?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter.", "what happened with swindle pitch?", "I don't know.", "where did the money go?", "In 2005, the year the Ponzi scheme allegedly began,", "who did he work with?", "Debra Villegas, who handles his money, is the law firm's chief operating officer. She is co-owner with Rothstein", "was he arrested?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter.", "anything interesting?", "Federal prosecutors seized the home, alleging that it was among Rothstein's ill-gotten assets." ]

[ "Finance Smurf (original French title: Le Schtroumpf Financier) is the sixteenth album of the original French-language Smurfs comic series created by Belgian artist Peyo.\n\nPlot\nPapa Smurf's lab explodes while he is making the formula \"Ad Capitis mala et alios dolores sanandos\" (which is how much Brainy Smurf can read because he is unable to translate it properly as he claims), and when the other Smurfs arrive, Papa Smurf is unconscious. A Smurf goes to the home of the good wizard Homnibus to ask for help. Homnibus realizes that Papa Smurf has fallen sick due to using sulfur in the formula. However, Homnibus lacks some ingredients needed for the cure, so he sends his servant Oliver to buy some. The Smurf goes along with Oliver and learns about money and the humans' commerce system.\n\nThe Smurf returns to the Smurf Village with medicine that Papa Smurf must drink three times a day to get better. The Smurf tries to tell Papa Smurf about money, but Papa Smurf is unable to listen to him as Papa Smurf needs rest. So the Smurf decides to put the commerce system into practice as a surprise, thus becoming Finance Smurf.\n\nThe first step is to make coins. Finance Smurf asks Painter Smurf to make a picture of Papa Smurf's face inside a circle, which is then used as a model for Sculptor Smurf to make a mold for the coins. Then Handy Smurf pours molten gold on the mold to make the first Smurf coins.\n\nFinance Smurf arranges a conference to explain to the other Smurfs what money is and how it works. Everybody agrees with Finance Smurf's idea to use money from now on (except for Brainy Smurf). Each Smurf gets a bag of money as a start.\n\nAt first, the inexperienced Smurfs need Finance Smurf's help to know how much they need to spend or ask for given services. The inexperienced Smurfs find the currency system funny. After some time, trouble begins. While Baker Smurf, Farmer Smurf, Handy Smurf and some other Smurfs become richer, most Smurfs become poorer, They need to find ways to get money. They sell unwanted stuff that they previously did for fun (Jokey Smurf's presents, Harmony Smurf's concerts, Poet Smurf's poems, etc.).\n\nFinance Smurf creates and manages a bank to loan money to the poor Smurfs and store the rich Smurfs' money. Farmer Smurf doesn't trust the institution and goes to bury his money in the forest, only to encounter Gargamel there. As Farmer Smurf escapes, he drops a coin, which later is picked up by the evil wizard. The evil wizard now realizes that the Smurfs have money.\n\nFarmer Smurf notices that he has lost a coin. He goes back to get it. When he starts to cross the bridge, it falls apart. Finance Smurf offers to finance the bridge repair cost. From then on, any Smurf who crosses the bridge needs to pay him a toll. Finance Smurf asks Handy Smurf to get the price for the materials. Carpenter Smurf asks 1500 coins for the wood, which Handy Smurf finds too expensive. Another Smurf offers him inferior wood for just 1000 coins, plus a bribe that Handy Smurf accepts.\n\nFarmer Smurf returns to the forest to find his lost coin. Gargamel has placed a yellow-painted lead coin as bait that lures Farmer Smurf into the trap. Gargamel then sends his crow, Corbelius with a message for the Smurfs to give him all their money in exchange for Farmer Smurf. Papa Smurf, who has recovered, sends a Smurf to spy on Gargamel, and the Smurf spy discovers the wizard setting up a trap in order to get both the Smurfs and their money. The Smurfs fix Gargamel's trap to make it fall on him instead of them. Then, while Finance Smurf and Brainy Smurf carry the money back to the Village, other Smurfs go to Gargamel's house to save Farmer Smurf from Azrael. Papa Smurf decides to have a party to celebrate their triumph, but then Finance Smurf asks who will pay for the party. In the end there's no party.\n\nPapa Smurf learns that he will have to pay a large sum of money to Handy Smurf in order for him to rebuild his destroyed laboratory, but before he can do that he has to pay Smurfette for nursing him during his sickness, Baker Smurf for food, and other Smurfs for various other services. Thus he quickly becomes poor. When Finance Smurf suggests that he make the Smurfs pay for any kind of help he gives them, Papa Smurf soundly refuses. Papa Smurf then observes the Village and notes that all the things the Smurfs once did in a cooperative spirit are now done if they are paid only, and there are fights over money as well as stress all around due to the constant work.\n\nOne day, a Smurf gets sick of the aggravating currency-based life and decides to leave the Smurf Village. Other Smurfs agree and leave the Smurf Village with him, including Papa Smurf. Everyone leaves except for Finance Smurf, who tells them that they cannot leave because they owe him money. They responded by throwing him all the money. At first, Finance Smurf refuses to revert to the old ways and even gloats about having the whole Smurf Village for himself. Eventually, he changes his mind. He decides he doesn't want to be alone, so he asks everybody to return to the village and reuse the old system based on cooperation. The coins are converted into golden musical instruments.\n\nIssues\nThe subject of the comic book is the famous system that has been implemented on human society: money. Peyo shows us the social differences that grow between the Smurfs (rich and poor). We can also see how the lifestyle of smurfs changes, revolving around money and bringing misery everywhere.\nAlthough the book was never adapted for the television cartoon series, there is an episode entitled \"The Smurfs and the Money Tree\" which also revolves around money, namely an enchanted money tree created by Gargamel and his mother to trap the Smurfs. But because Greedy Smurf finds the tree first, instead of actual money, it turns out to carry chocolate coins wrapped in gold with Greedy's image on them.\nFinance Smurf is Peyo, Pierre Culliford's last comic book work before his death on December 24, 1992. From that point onwards, his son Thierry Culliford take over in creating all Smurf comic book stories. Thierry Culliford mostly involves in writing the stories while working with various cartoon artists that create the artworks.\n\nSee also \n Characters in The Smurfs\n\nThe Smurfs books\nes:El pitufo financiero\nfr:Le Schtroumpf financier", "Avunanna Kaadanna () is a 2005 Indian Telugu-language romantic drama film directed by Teja. The film stars Uday Kiran and Sadha.\n\nCast \n\nUday Kiran as Ravi\nSadha as Aravinda (credited as Sadaf)\nPilla Prasad as Mangaraju\nDharmavarapu Subramanyam\nSuman Shetty\nRallapalli\nSudha\nDuvvasi Mohan\nSangeeta\nRama Prabha\nShravya\nNirmala Reddy\nRajendra\nRajababu\n\nSoundtrack \nThe music was composed by R. P. Patnaik.\n\"Avunanna\" – R. P. Patnaik\n\"Gudigantala\" – S. P. B. Charan, Usha\n\"Anaganaga\" – KK, Usha\n\"Nelathalli\" – Shankar Mahadevan\n\"Malinam\" – Usha\n\"Suvvi Suvvi\" – K. S. Chithra, Mallikarjun\n\nProduction \nSadha was chosen to make her second collaboration alongside Teja after Jayam. This film marks the third collaboration of Uday Kiran and Teja after Chitram and Nuvvu Nenu. Teja's frequent collaborator, R. P. Patnaik, was roped in to compose the music. The producer spent a good sum of money although he did not make money after Venky and Mr & Mrs Sailaja Krishnamurthy.\n\nRelease \nThe film released to positive reviews. Sify praised the performances of the lead actors and Dharmavarapu and stated how \"On the whole, Teja tries his best with a sugar-coated love story that is fun to watch\". Idlebrain gave the film three and of five stars and praised the performances of much of the cast and the first half of the film.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n2000s Telugu-language films\nIndian films\nIndian romantic drama films\n2005 romantic drama films\n2005 films\nFilms directed by Teja (film director)" ]

[ "Scott W. Rothstein", "Law partner murder", "who is scott?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter.", "what happened with swindle pitch?", "I don't know.", "where did the money go?", "In 2005, the year the Ponzi scheme allegedly began,", "who did he work with?", "Debra Villegas, who handles his money, is the law firm's chief operating officer. She is co-owner with Rothstein", "was he arrested?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter.", "anything interesting?", "Federal prosecutors seized the home, alleging that it was among Rothstein's ill-gotten assets.", "how much money did he make?", "Rothstein originally purchased the property in September 2007, for $1.75 million, and sold it for $10 to a shell corporation in September 2009." ]

[ "River Street Tower (also known as the Downing Tower after its developer) is a high-rise tower under construction in Manchester, England. The tower is situated immediately north of the Mancunian Way on land which was notably occupied by a concrete car park frame from 2005 to 2018.\n\nA tower was originally approved in October 2012. However the scheme never materialised and the land was sold to new owners. A revised scheme for the site was approved in 2017 for a 32 storey high rise tower, compromising of 420 apartments targeted at the student accommodation market.\n\nThe unfinished concrete frame was demolished in May 2018 and construction commenced on the tower in summer 2018. Including existing towers under construction in Manchester, it is the joint 15th tallest building the city upon completion.\n\nBackground\n\n2012 scheme\n\nThe development was located on a site on River Street, beside Manchester city centre's southern boundary next to the Mancunian Way. At the time of the planning submission in 2012, the site was occupied by a half-built concrete frame, originally built for a medium-rise apartment block in 2004. The developer went bankrupt and the concrete frame remained uncompleted for 13 years. Chelmer Developments bought the site in April 2011 and pursued development opportunities. Liaising with Manchester City Council, the company commissioned SimpsonHaugh and Partners to devise design proposals for a skyscraper building above 100 metres in height. The company held a four-week consultation period in spring 2012.\n\nThe 2012 approved scheme included 600 serviced apartments designed for short-stay 'serviced living' as well as a café and gym. The tower would have been similar to modernist buildings like the New Century House and will reflect light to create effect. The architect, Ian Simpson described the building as \"a simple, very elegant and slender building with a glass surface so it will pick up reflections from the light and I think it will be quite dramatic.\"\n\nThe planning application was submitted in July 2012 and Manchester City Council approved the plans in October 2012. Approval was confirmed on 25 October 2012 at the monthly planning committee meeting. Demolition of the existing concrete structure was expected to begin in earnest, though works did not commence.\n\nThe land was subsequently sold to new owners, Bolton-based development firm Forshaw Land & Property and a revised planning application was made and approved by Manchester City Council in 2015 for 420 privately rented apartments, fewer than the 600 originally planned in the 2012 scheme. Construction of the skyscraper was expected to take approximately 18 months with the demolition of the concrete car park shell to commence in November 2015. However, by May 2017 construction had yet to begin, and the car park structure had not been demolished.\n\nThe scheme was effectively abandoned when new owners of the site proposed a different and smaller building in December 2017.\n\n2017 scheme\nA planning application was submitted in late 2017 for a tower reduced in scale and which was approved in January 2018. The concrete frame which has been incomplete since 2005 was finally demolished in May 2018. Groundworks commenced in summer 2018 with the core beginning to rise in October 2018. In September 2020 the building was completed and began taking bookings for students.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n- Developer's website for the scheme\n- Planning application document\n\nProposed buildings and structures in Manchester", "The Melbourme Metropolitan Planning Scheme 1954 was prepared for the Government of Victoria by the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works. The scheme was approved in 1958 by the Board of Works, but did not become legally enforceable until 1968 when it was gazetted by the Minister for Local Government. The report recommended, amongst other things, a system of broad land-use zoning, a network of freeways and bypasses, and the regional allocation of public open space. The scheme identified five district centres of Footscray, Preston, Box Hill, Moorabbin and Dandenong. Local government authorities prepared local planning schemes which were intended to align with the Metropolitan Scheme's broad zones, but which frequently did not.\n\nBackground \nFollowing World World II, there was a general movement amongst state governments towards preparing metropolitan city plans to guide post-war urban expansion and economic development. In 1949 Victoria established the Town and Country Planning (Metropolitan Area) Act which empowered the MMBW to prepare a comprehensive plan for the metropolitan area of Melbourne.\n\nSee also \n\n Greater London Plan (1944)\n County of Cumberland planning scheme, Sydney (1948)\n Plan for the Metropolitan Region, Perth and Fremantle (1955)\n\nReferences \n\nMelbourne\nCity plans\nUrban planning in Australia\n1950s in Melbourne" ]

[ "Scott W. Rothstein", "Law partner murder", "who is scott?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter.", "what happened with swindle pitch?", "I don't know.", "where did the money go?", "In 2005, the year the Ponzi scheme allegedly began,", "who did he work with?", "Debra Villegas, who handles his money, is the law firm's chief operating officer. She is co-owner with Rothstein", "was he arrested?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter.", "anything interesting?", "Federal prosecutors seized the home, alleging that it was among Rothstein's ill-gotten assets.", "how much money did he make?", "Rothstein originally purchased the property in September 2007, for $1.75 million, and sold it for $10 to a shell corporation in September 2009.", "when did the scheme begin?", "In 2005, the year the Ponzi scheme allegedly began," ]

[ "Legal Evening News or Fazhi Wanbao(), also known as The Mirror or Legal Evening Post, was a Beijing-based legal affairs newspaper published in the People's Republic of China in simplified Chinese. Its predecessor was the Beijing Legal News (北京法制报), which was sponsored by the Judicial and Law Enforcement Committee of Beijing Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党北京市委员会政法委员会). \n\nLegal Evening News was a China's state-run newspaper, which was officially inaugurated on May 18, 2004. It was published by the Legal Evening Post Agency (法制晚报社), and was shut down by the Government of China on January 1, 2019.\n\nHistory\nAt the end of 2003, Beijing Youth Daily acquired the Beijing Legal News, and relaunched it under the title of Legal Evening News on May 18, 2004. On April 29, 2005, fawan.com, the official website of Legal Evening News, was created. \n\nLegal Evening News earned a reputation for cutting-edge investigative reporting and deep dives into crime and social issues. \n\nOn January 1, 2019, the paper was officially shut down by the Chinese government due to rising censorship and a shift to internet advertising.\n\nReferences\n\nDefunct newspapers published in China\nPublications established in 2004\nPublications disestablished in 2019\nDaily newspapers published in China\nChinese-language newspapers (Simplified Chinese)", "A number of units of measurement were used in Paraguay to measure quantities including length, mass, area, capacity, etc. Metric system had been optional since 1890, and adopted since 1899 in Paraguay.\n\nSystem before metric system\n\nSpanish system was used before metric system.\n\nLength\n\nA number of units were used to measure length. According to legal equivalents, one vara (old) was 0.83856 m. One cuerda or One cordel was vara or 69.88 m, according to legal equivalents. One vara was 0.866 m, according to legal equivalents. Some other units and their legal equivalents are given below:\n\n1 pulgada (inch) = vara\n\n1 linea (line) = vara\n\n1 piede (foot) = vara\n\n1 pouce = vara\n\n1 ligne = vara\n\n1 cuadra = 100 vara\n\n1 lieue (league) = 5000 vara.\n\nMass\n\nSeveral units were used to measure mass. According to legal equivalents, One libra was 0.459 kg (One libra (old) was 460.08 kg). Some other units and their legal equivalents were given below:\n\n1 onza (once) = libra\n\n1 arroba = 25 libra\n\n1 quintal (hundredweight) = 100 libra\n\n1 tonelada (tonne) = 2000 libra.\n\nArea\n\nSeveral units were used to measure area. Some units and their legal equalents are given below:\n\n1 lifio (old) = 4883.2 m2\n\n1 lifio = 100 square vara = 75 m2.\n\nCapacity\n\nTwo main systems, dry and liquid, were used to measure capacity.\n\nDry\n\nOne fanega was 288 L and one almude was fanega.\n\nLiquid\n\nSeveral units were used to measure liquid capacity. One frasco was 3.029 litres. Some other units and their legal equivalents are given below:\n\n1 cuarto = frasco\n\n1 baril = 32 frasco\n\n1 pipe = 192 frasco.\n\nReferences\n\nParaguayan culture\nParaguay" ]

[ "Scott W. Rothstein", "Law partner murder", "who is scott?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter.", "what happened with swindle pitch?", "I don't know.", "where did the money go?", "In 2005, the year the Ponzi scheme allegedly began,", "who did he work with?", "Debra Villegas, who handles his money, is the law firm's chief operating officer. She is co-owner with Rothstein", "was he arrested?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter.", "anything interesting?", "Federal prosecutors seized the home, alleging that it was among Rothstein's ill-gotten assets.", "how much money did he make?", "Rothstein originally purchased the property in September 2007, for $1.75 million, and sold it for $10 to a shell corporation in September 2009.", "when did the scheme begin?", "In 2005, the year the Ponzi scheme allegedly began,", "was it legal?", "Rothstein's ill-gotten assets." ]

[ "Scott David Boden (born 19 December 1989) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for National League side Boreham Wood.\n\nCareer\nBoden was born in Sheffield. In 2008, Boden was loaned out from Sheffield United to play five matches for IFK Mariehamn in the Finnish Premier Division. Boden left Åland for England and Chesterfield after his stint at the Mariehamn based club.\n\nIn October 2011 Boden moved to Macclesfield Town on a one-month loan.\n\nHe was offered a new one-year contract by Chesterfield in May 2012 which Boden accepted.\nOn 31 January 2013, having struggled to get regular football at Chesterfield, Boden moved on loan to Conference Premier side Alfreton Town until 20 April. After three goals in thirteen appearances Boden was recalled two weeks early following an injury to Marc Richards. He made one further appearance for Chesterfield following his loan, before being released at the end of the season.\n\nOn 29 July 2013, following a successful trial period, Boden signed for former club Macclesfield Town on a permanent basis, penning a one-year contract.\n\nFollowing a successful season which saw Boden score 18 goals for Macclesfield in the Conference Premier he was signed by FC Halifax Town on 1 July 2014.\n\nOn 13 July 2015 Boden joined League Two club Newport County on a one-year contract. He made his debut for Newport on 8 August 2015 versus Cambridge United. Boden scored his first competitive goal for Newport on 11 August 2015 versus Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Football League Cup first round. He scored his first league goal for Newport on 15 August 2015 in a League Two match versus Stevenage. On 5 December 2015 Boden scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over Barnet in the FA Cup 2nd round, which saw Newport County make the 3rd round of the FA Cup for the first time since 1986. Boden finished the season as Newport's top scorer with 15 goals in all competitions.\n\nAt the end of the 2015–16 season, Boden was offered a new contract by Newport but he chose to move on to Inverness Caledonian Thistle on a three-year deal.\nHowever, Boden was released by Inverness after his first season.\n\nOn 6 July 2017, Boden joined Wrexham on a one-year deal. He made his debut on 5 August 2017, against former club Macclesfield Town in a 0–1 home defeat.\n\nHe was released by Wrexham on 14 May 2018.\n\nBoden was signed by Gateshead on 20 July 2018.\n\nOn 30 January 2019, Boden re-joined former club Chesterfield on an 18-month contract.\n\nOn 23 February 2021, Boden joined National League side Torquay United on loan for the remainder of the 2020-21 season.\n\nBoden was released at the end of the 2020–21 season. He subsequently joined fellow National League side Boreham Wood in August 2021 on a one-year deal with the option of a further twelve-months.\n\nCareer statistics\n\nHonours\nChesterfield\nFootball League Two: 2010–11\nFootball League Trophy: 2011–12\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1989 births\nLiving people\nFootballers from Sheffield\nEnglish footballers\nEnglish expatriate footballers\nExpatriate footballers in Finland\nAssociation football forwards\nSheffield United F.C. players\nIFK Mariehamn players\nChesterfield F.C. players\nMacclesfield Town F.C. players\nAlfreton Town F.C. players\nFC Halifax Town players\nNewport County A.F.C. players\nEnglish Football League players\nInverness Caledonian Thistle F.C. players\nWrexham A.F.C. players\nGateshead F.C. players\nTorquay United F.C. players\nBoreham Wood F.C. players\nNational League (English football) players\nVeikkausliiga players\nScottish Professional Football League players", "David Jonathan Peter Boden (born 26 November 1970) is a former English cricketer. Boden was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Eccleshall, Staffordshire.\n\nBoden made his debut in county cricket for Middlesex in a first-class match against Oxford University. In what was his only senior appearance for the county, Boden took 4 wickets in the Oxford first-innings, with Simon Almaer being his maiden first-class wicket. He went wicket-less in the Oxford second-innings. He later joined Essex, who he made his debut for against Cambridge University in 1992. He appeared in 2 further first-class matches for the county, both coming in the 1993 County Championship against Middlesex and Sussex, with Boden taking 3 wickets at an expensive average of 86.00. It was for Essex that he made his List A debut for in the 1993 AXA Equity & Law League against Durham. He made 3 further List A appearances for Essex, all coming in 1993, with his final appearance coming against Middlesex. Again, his bowling came without great success, with Boden taking 4 wickets at an average of 40.50 in limited-overs cricket for Essex. Leaving Essex at the end of the 1994 season, Boden joined Gloucestershire in 1995. His first-class debut for the county came against Hampshire in the County Championship. He made 2 further first-class appearances for Gloucestershire, against Oxford University in 1995 and the touring Indians in 1996. He took 8 wickets in his 3 first-class appearances for the county, which came at an average of 40.87, with best figures of 3/38. He made 4 List A appearances for the county, with 3 coming in the 1995 AXA Equity & Law League and one against Suffolk in the 1995 NatWest Trophy. In these 4 matches, he took 9 wickets at an average of 14.33, with best figures of 6/26, which came against Suffolk.\n\nLeaving Gloucestershire at the end of the 1996 season, Boden joined Staffordshire, with him making his debut for the county in the 1997 Minor Counties Championship against Buckinghamshire. He played Minor counties cricket for Staffordshire from 1997 to 2000, which included 21 Minor Counties Championship matches and 4 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. He made his first List A appearance for the county against Leicestershire in the 1998 NatWest Trophy, with Boden making 3 further List A appearances for the county. He struggled with the ball in these matches, taking just a single wicket for an overall cost of 172 runs. In 2001, he joined Shropshire, with Boden making his debut for the county against Oxfordshire in the 2001 Minor Counties Championship. He played for Shropshire in 2001 and 2002, making 5 Minor Counties Championship appearances and 7 MCCA Knockout Trophy appearances. His only List A appearance for Shropshire came against Oxfordshire in the 2nd round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy, which was played in 2001. In this match, he was dismissed for 8 runs by Adam Cook, while with the ball he took the wickets of Craig Haupt and Timothy Smith, for the cost of 25 runs from 8 overs.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nDavid Boden at ESPNcricinfo\nDavid Boden at CricketArchive\n\n1970 births\nLiving people\nPeople from the Borough of Stafford\nEnglish cricketers\nMiddlesex cricketers\nEssex cricketers\nGloucestershire cricketers\nStaffordshire cricketers\nShropshire cricketers" ]

[ "Scott W. Rothstein", "Law partner murder", "who is scott?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter.", "what happened with swindle pitch?", "I don't know.", "where did the money go?", "In 2005, the year the Ponzi scheme allegedly began,", "who did he work with?", "Debra Villegas, who handles his money, is the law firm's chief operating officer. She is co-owner with Rothstein", "was he arrested?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter.", "anything interesting?", "Federal prosecutors seized the home, alleging that it was among Rothstein's ill-gotten assets.", "how much money did he make?", "Rothstein originally purchased the property in September 2007, for $1.75 million, and sold it for $10 to a shell corporation in September 2009.", "when did the scheme begin?", "In 2005, the year the Ponzi scheme allegedly began,", "was it legal?", "Rothstein's ill-gotten assets.", "who was david boden?", "David represents general counsel, David Boden in the Ponzi scheme investigation." ]

[ "The Kettle Falls Five is a name given to five defendants who were charged with 5 violations of federal law including growing, cultivating and distributing cannabis and firearms charges at their 33-acre property near the town of Kettle Falls in eastern Washington. This prosecution was done despite the defendants adherence to Washington State law allowing the growing of cannabis for medical use. One of the defendants, cancer patient Larry Harvey, was not permitted to argue his medical need for the plant in court. Despite this handicap, the defendants were acquitted of 4 out of 5 counts in federal court in Spokane, Washington on March 3, 2015.\n\nBackground\nRhonda Firestack-Harvey, her husband Larry Harvey, her son Rolland Gregg and his wife Michelle Gregg, and Jason Zucker were growing cannabis on their 33-acre property near the town of Kettle Falls. The property was marked with a large green cross visible from the air, and consisted of an outdoor garden containing either 74 plants or 68 plants.\n\nThe defendants had state authorization to grow 15 plants each, and the total number of plants was under the 75 allowed by the Washington State law.\n\nAll five defendants had doctors' letters recommending marijuana for the treatment of various conditions, including gout, anorexia, rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative disc disease and chronic back pain from a broken back. This garden was raided by the federal government in 2012, and federal charges were laid against this group.\n\nWhen Larry Harvey was held in custody after his arrest, he was denied his medication and an appropriate diet for his medical conditions. As a result, he never fully regained the use of his legs, which forced him to rely on a wheelchair for the rest of his life. Prior to the arrest, Larry was in good enough health to work as a trucker and maintain his large rural property.\n\nTrial\nProsecutors dropped the charges against Larry Harvey citing his terminal cancer. Jason Zucker pleaded guilty and agreed to testify against the other defendants just prior to trial and was sentenced to 16 months of prison time, a reduction from a potential 15 years if convicted on all charges. The remaining defendants faced charges of growing, possessing and distributing cannabis, as well as firearms charges for guns found in their house that adjoined the grow. During the course of the trial, the defense was prohibited from talking about medical marijuana or adherence to state rules regulating it.\n\nVerdict\nThe remaining three defendants were acquitted of all charges except growing marijuana, and sentencing was set for June 10, 2015.\n\nSentences\nJason Zucker was sentenced to 16 months as a part of a plea deal.\nLarry Harvey had his charges dropped, prosecutors citing terminal cancer.\nRolland Gregg received a sentence of 33 months. \nMichelle Gregg and Rhonda Firestack-Harvey both received a year and a day.\n\nRelated ruling\nOn August 16, 2016, the 9th circuit court issued a ruling in United States vs McIntosh that forbids the prosecution of medical marijuana growers who are following state law as all of the defendants here claimed.\n\nAppeal\nOn October 16, 2017 Earl A. Hicks, Assistant United States Attorney, filed MOTION FOR REMAND AND/OR STAY OF APPELLATE PROCEEDINGS wherein \"The United States submits that the legal authority and facts cited by Appellants on the above-stated issue clearly shows the United States was not\nauthorized to spend money on the continued prosecution of the defendants after December 2014. This includes spending money on the present appeal.\"\n\nReferences\n\nCannabis in Washington (state)\n2015 in Washington (state)\n2015 in cannabis\nPeople convicted of cannabis offenses\nAmerican cannabis traffickers", "David Christopher Baldus (June 23, 1935 – June 13, 2011) was a Joseph B. Tye professor of law at the University of Iowa. He held the position from 1969 until his death in 2011. His research focused on law and social science and he conducted extensive research on the death penalty in the United States.\n\nBiography\nBaldus received his Bachelor of Arts (Government Major) from Dartmouth College in 1957, his Master of Arts (Political Science) from the University of Pittsburgh in 1962. He went on to attend Yale Law School, earning a LL.B. in 1964 and a LL.M. in 1969. He practiced law in Pittsburgh from 1964–68.\n\nHe served as a Lieutenant for the Army Security Agency from 1958–59.\n\nResearch\n\nEqual justice and the death penalty\nIn 1983 David C. Baldus, along with Charles A. Pulaski and George Woodworth, published a study examining the presence of racial discrimination in death penalty sentencing. The study analyzed over 2000 murder cases occurring in the state of Georgia in the 1970s. The cases examined by Baldus all occurred between two United States Supreme Court cases involving Georgia: Furman v. Georgia (1972) and McCleskey v. Kemp (1987). The study looked primarily at the race of the victim in each murder case in order to evaluate the presence of racial discrimination in the sentencing process. The study also examined, to a lesser extent, the race of the defendant, in order to evaluate the presence of racial discrimination in the sentencing process. After evaluating the initial findings in the study, Baldus and his colleagues subjected their data to extensive analysis involving 230 variables that could have explained the findings on non-racial grounds. In one such analysis that subjected the data to 39 nonracial variables, Baldus found that defendants accused of killing white victims were 4.3 times more likely to receive the death penalty than defendants accused of killing black victims. This analysis also showed that black defendants were 1.1 times more likely than white defendants to receive the death penalty. Based on these findings, Baldus and his colleagues concluded that a black defendant accused of killing a white victim was more likely than any other type of defendant to receive the death penalty. These results were used by the defense in McCleskey v. Kemp to try to show that racial discrimination had played a role in the sentencing of Warren McCleskey. Two types of statistical studies were used in order to examine these murder trials: a procedural reform study and a charging and sentencing study.\n\nProcedural reform study\nThe purpose of the procedural reform study was to compare the procedure with which Georgia sentenced convicted murder defendants before and after Furman v. Georgia. The study then looked for reforms in the sentencing procedure after Furman v. Georgia and assessed how reforms affected discrimination found in sentencing decisions. Baldus and his colleagues looked specifically at two aspects of the trial for the procedural reform study: whether or not the prosecutor chose to seek the death sentence after a capital murder conviction was obtained, and whether or not the jury imposed a death sentence after the trial. The procedural reform study was conducted for purely academic reasons and the researchers had no intentions of using the results in actual murder trials.\n\nResults\nThe procedural reform study looked at murder trials which occurred both before and after Furman v. Georgia. Baldus's study found that in murder trials before Furman v. Georgia, the death penalty was given to black defendants 19% of the time and to white defendants 8% of the time. The death penalty was given to defendants with black victims 10% of the time and to defendants with white victims 18% of the time. From this data, the researchers concluded that the race of the victim was more influential than the race of the defendant in death penalty sentencing. It was also concluded that black defendants and defendants with white victims were given harsher punishments that other defendants convicted of the same crimes.\n\nIn murder trials occurring after Furman v. Georgia, Baldus and his fellow researchers found that the death penalty was given to 22% of white defendants and to 16% of black defendants. In trials where the victim was white the death penalty was given out 27% of the time and in trials where the victim was black the death penalty was given out 7% of the time.\n\nCharging and sentencing study\nThe charging and sentencing study placed its emphasis on the amount of influence that racial and other illegitimate case characteristics had on the progress of cases from the point of indictment up to the death penalty sentencing decision. The charging and sentencing study was conducted by request from the NAACP which funded the study and which hoped to use the results from the study to challenge the death-penalty system in Georgia.\n\nResults\nThe results of the charging and sentencing study were the basis of Warren McCleskey's appeal (McCleskey v. Kemp) that the death penalty sentencing in his trial was influenced by racial discrimination. Baldus and his colleagues found in the charging and sentencing study that of the 2,484 cases studied, 128 defendants were given a sentence of the death penalty, meaning that 5% of all studied defendants were sentenced to death. The researchers also found that in cases where the victim was white, the death sentences was handed out at a rate 8.3 times higher than in cases where the victim was black. Finally, the study concluded that in cases with white victims and black defendant the death penalty was given out 21% of the time while in cases where both the victim and defendant were white the death penalty was given 8% of the time.\n\nReferences\n\n2011 deaths\n1935 births\nDartmouth College alumni\nUniversity of Pittsburgh alumni\nYale Law School alumni\nAmerican anti–death penalty activists\nUniversity of Iowa College of Law faculty\nUnited States Army officers" ]

[ "Scott W. Rothstein", "Law partner murder", "who is scott?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter.", "what happened with swindle pitch?", "I don't know.", "where did the money go?", "In 2005, the year the Ponzi scheme allegedly began,", "who did he work with?", "Debra Villegas, who handles his money, is the law firm's chief operating officer. She is co-owner with Rothstein", "was he arrested?", "Rothstein has a team of \"executive protection specialists\" to guard the firm and his family, his teen-aged daughter.", "anything interesting?", "Federal prosecutors seized the home, alleging that it was among Rothstein's ill-gotten assets.", "how much money did he make?", "Rothstein originally purchased the property in September 2007, for $1.75 million, and sold it for $10 to a shell corporation in September 2009.", "when did the scheme begin?", "In 2005, the year the Ponzi scheme allegedly began,", "was it legal?", "Rothstein's ill-gotten assets.", "who was david boden?", "David represents general counsel, David Boden in the Ponzi scheme investigation.", "what was the role of potential defendants?", "I don't know." ]

[ "A pay-as-you-go pension plan is a retirement scheme, where as in which a said contributor can choose how much money they would like to be deducted regularly from either their paycheck, or by perhaps a lump sum to their own retirement fund. The funds they choose to provide goes towards a retirement plan which can be then redeemed upon reaching retirement age.\n\nWith this type of plan, the contributor can decided how much money they see fit to contribute to the fund. With the funds that are contributed, the contributor will be able to devise a plan on what to invest in, which in turn leaves said contributor as the person mainly responsible for how much the pension can grow. Choosing an investment that is more risky can lead to a bigger return on money however, it is also possible to choose a steady and safe investment in order to have a consistent return on money.\n\nUpon reaching the age of retirement, the contributor can choose to have their money paid to them in a lump sum, which means they will receive one large cheque with their money, or they also have the other option to receive their cash in monthly installments. A combination of these two methods is possible whereas the contributor could receive a smaller monthly fee along with a small lump sum withdrawal.\n\nDifference to pay-as-you-go pension systems \nPrivate pay-as-you-go pension plans are not to be confused with pay-as-you-go pension systems. The latter term refers to state pension systems that are funded by contributions from current workers (rather than by individual past contributions from current beneficiaries). The underlying pay-as-you-go (PAYG or PAYGO) principle is applied in social insurance systems across the world.\n\nReferences\n\nRetirement plans in the United States", "Voluntary taxation is a theory that states that taxation should be a voluntary act. Under the theory, people should have the option to pay taxes instead of being forced to pay taxes by their government. Under this theory, the people would control how much they pay and where they spend it. The theory is a part of Objectivist politics and many libertarian ideologies. Proponents of some studies assert that individuals will give to government, paying voluntary taxes to support specific functions. Donations average 22 percent of an endowment to government, and 27 percent to private nonprofits, and are influenced by their cause, level, and perceptions of effectiveness and efficiency. State lotteries are an example of a voluntary taxation system.\n\nHistory\n\nThe American federal income taxation system is sometimes called a \"voluntary\" taxation system. Marjorie E. Kornhauser writes, \"Most people never pay their taxes voluntarily, in the ordinary sense of the word. Rather, they are generally anti-tax, in that they usually would prefer to keep any income they receive than pay it to the government in taxes. Voluntary, in the context of taxation, simply means that people do not have to be compelled to pay their taxes through actual enforcement actions by the state.\" The \"income taxes are voluntary\" argument has not prevented U.S. residents who did not file tax returns or pay taxes from being prosecuted and convicted for tax offenses.\n\nLysander Spooner stated, \"It is true that the theory of our Constitution is, that all taxes are paid voluntarily; that our government is a mutual insurance company, voluntarily entered into by the people with each other; that each man makes a free and purely voluntary contract with all others who are parties to the Constitution, to pay so much money for so much protection, the same as he does with any other insurance company; and that he is just as free not to be protected, and not to pay tax, as he is to pay a tax, and be protected. But this theory of our government is wholly different from the practical fact. The fact is that the government, like a highwayman, says to a man: “Your money, or your life.” And many, if not most, taxes are paid under the compulsion of that threat. The government does not, indeed, waylay a man in a lonely place, spring upon him from the roadside, and, holding a pistol to his head, proceed to rifle his pockets. But the robbery is none the less a robbery on that account; and it is far more dastardly and shameful. \"\n\nIn Second Treatise of Government (1690), John Locke took the position that all rights come from the people, and that the people must give their consent to be governed by elected representatives.\nL.K. Samuels extended John Locke's assertion under the “Rulers’ Paradox” to illustrate why the collection of taxation could be seen as voluntary. Samuels contends that the Lockean “consent of the governed” only applies to rights that people possess, which are then loanable to a governing body, under the social contract. In cases of torture, kidnapping, wiretapping, theft, and assassination and other such transgressions, Samuels asks: “Where and how does a representative government acquire authority to perform such coercive acts, acts disallowed for individual citizens?”\nUnder this interpretation of John Locke, Samuels maintains that taxation would have to be voluntary since people cannot loan rights to others that they themselves do not already have.\n\nLocke argued in a quote attributed to him that “the people cannot delegate to government the power to do anything which would be unlawful for them to do themselves.\n\nThomas Jefferson lent weight to a voluntary society, writing that \"No man has a natural right to commit aggression on the equal rights of another, and this is all from which the laws ought to restrain him.” During his administration, President Jefferson abolished the whiskey excise and all other federal internal taxation on U.S. citizens, which was one of his campaign promises. The U.S. Federal government had no direct internal taxation for nearly 80 years.\n\nLike many of the Founding Fathers, George Washington was an admirer of John Locke. He was vocal about the concept of consent of the governed, writing: “The Parliament of Great Britain hath no more Right to put their hands into my Pocket without my consent, than I have to put my hands into yours, for money.\n\nExample\n\nHere is an example of how a voluntary taxation system could function.\n\nA state would distribute tax forms that could be filled out by recipients. The forms would describe options which the recipients could designate preferences as to how the recipient would like his or her money spent. For example, there could be a section for military spending, or separate sections for defense in general and specific conflicts in particular. There would also be sections to be for elected officials (who would still be necessary to carry out the wishes of the people) and also sections for charities.\n\nThe form would be divided into more and more sections so that people could specify their decisions. The entire form would be under the category of general. Then there could be a section for education and then even further for elementary school education. People could choose which sections they wanted and contribute to those sections. For example, they could contribute different amounts to each section of education or to the section of education in general, allowing their elected officials to decide the best way to allocate the money.\n\nIn popular culture\n\n When asked by Mario Lopez what her first executive order as president would be, Ellen DeGeneres advocated a mix of voluntary taxation and tax choice, stating \"you should get to choose where your money goes instead of giving it and just letting them decide, I think you should decide.\"\n\nSupport\n\nThe arguments for this theory are as follows:\n\n It allows greater freedom.\n It performs both the function of collecting money for the government and allowing the population to decide where money should be spent. It is similar to allowing everyone to vote on government spending except that it is in a different format.\n It allows government officials to easily keep track of the wants of their voters and the nation as a whole.\n It allows people to \"vote\" directly with their money. For example, they can decide if everyone should have health care by contributing to that section.\n It saves money that would otherwise be spent on tax collection by the government.\n\nCriticisms\n\nThe arguments against this theory are as follows:\n\n The government would suffer because it would not receive enough money.\n There is a chance that few, if anybody would pay taxes resulting in a lawless society.\n People with money would have a greater say in government than those without money.\n The forms would be difficult to create to adequately have every option that everyone would like. An option for \"other\" could become out of control in large nations.\n This would give the public a greater share in the legislation process, which could lead to what has been called \"mob rule\".\n The extent of freedom is relative to amount of money one has and as disproportionate wealth insures greater freedom, oppression is likely to occur to maintain that system for the sole benefit of the wealthy at the expense of the poor.\n This would reward greed and put the burden of supporting the government exclusively on the generous.\n\nSources\n\n Payne, James L. \"The end of taxation?\", National Affairs \n Rothbard, Murray N. Man, Economy, and State (with \"Power and Market\"), Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2004. Textbook with a section that describes most of the theory of Voluntary Taxation\n\nSee also\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n\"Voluntary\" Taxation and the Consentof the Governed article describing the coercive nature of taxation\nAn article on Voluntary Taxation\n\nTheory of taxation" ]

[ "Wild Bill Hickok", "Duel with Davis Tutt" ]

[ "Davis Kasey Tutt (1836 – July 21, 1865) was an American Old West gambler and former soldier, best remembered for being killed during the Wild Bill Hickok – Davis Tutt shootout of 1865, which launched Wild Bill Hickok to fame as a gunfighter.\n\nTutt was born in Yellville, Arkansas, son of Hansford Tutt, a member of a politically influential family in Marion County, Arkansas, and his first wife. When he was a boy, Tutt's family became involved in the Tutt-Everett War, during which his father and other family members were killed.\n\nEnlisting in 1862 in Company A, 27th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, Davis Tutt fought for the Confederate States of America in the Trans-Mississippi Theater during the American Civil War. At its end, he decided to go west, stopping first in Springfield, Missouri, where he met Wild Bill Hickok. Despite serving on opposite sides during the war, they became friends and often gambled together. Tutt even loaned Hickok money on occasion. Historians have debated the amount, but Hickok himself stated he owed Tutt $25. The fall out between Tutt and Hickok was due to Hickok's failure to repay the money he owed, worsened by Tutt taking Hickok's watch as collateral. Hickok allowed Tutt to take it, but warned him to never wear it in public. \n\nHickok approached the square and called out Tutt. Tutt responded and the two men faced each other fearlessly. Each fired one shot. Tutt missed, but Hickok's shot killed Tutt.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nAmerican gamblers\nPeople from Marion County, Arkansas\n1836 births\n1865 deaths\nHistory of Missouri\nDeaths by firearm in Missouri\nPeople of the American Old West\nPeople of Arkansas in the American Civil War\nConfederate States Army personnel\nAmerican duellists", "The Hickok–Tutt shootout was a gunfight that occurred on July 21, 1865 in the town square of Springfield, Missouri between Wild Bill Hickok and gambler Davis Tutt. It is one of the few recorded instances in the Old West of a one-on-one pistol quick-draw duel in a public place, in the manner later made iconic by countless dime novels, radio dramas, and Western films such as High Noon. The first story of the shootout was detailed in an article in Harper's Magazine in 1867, making Hickok a household name and folk hero.\n\nPrelude \nTutt and Hickok, both gamblers, had at one point been friends, despite the fact that Tutt was a Confederate Army veteran, and Hickok had been a scout for the Union Army. Davis Tutt originally came from Marion County, Arkansas, where his family had been involved in the Tutt–Everett War, during which several of his family members had been killed. He had come north to Missouri following the Civil War. Hickok had been born in Illinois, coming west after mistakenly thinking he had killed a man in a drunken brawl.\n\nThe eventual falling out between Hickok and Tutt reportedly occurred over women. There were reports that Hickok had fathered an illegitimate child with Tutt's sister, while Tutt had been observed paying a great deal of attention to Wild Bill's paramour, Susanna Moore. When Hickok started to refuse to play in any card game that included Tutt, the cowboy retaliated by openly supporting other local card-players with advice and money in a dedicated attempt to bankrupt Hickok.\n\nThe card game \nThe simmering conflict eventually came to a head during a game of poker at the Lyon House Hotel (now called the \"Old Southern Hotel\"). Hickok was playing against several other local gamblers while Tutt stood nearby, loaning money as needed and \"encouraging [them], coaching [them] on how to beat Hickok\". The game was being played for high stakes, and Hickok had done well, winning about $200 ($ as of ) of what was essentially Tutt's money. Irritated by his losses and unwilling to admit defeat, Tutt reminded Hickok of a $40 debt from a past horse trade. Hickok shrugged and paid the sum, but Tutt was unappeased. He then claimed that Hickok owed him an additional $35 from a past poker game. \"I think you are wrong, Dave,\" said Hickok. \"It's only twenty-five dollars. I have a memorandum in my pocket.\"\n\nTutt had a large following at the Lyon House and, encouraged by these armed associates, he decided to take the opportunity to humiliate his enemy. In the midst of their argument over the $10 difference in the debt (and while Hickok was still playing poker), Tutt grabbed one of Hickok's most prized possessions off the table, his Waltham repeater gold pocket watch, and announced that he would keep the watch as collateral until Hickok paid the full $35. Hickok was shocked and livid but, being outnumbered and outgunned, he was unwilling to resort to violence at the time. He quietly demanded that Tutt put the watch back on the table. Tutt reportedly replied only with an \"ugly grin\" and left the premises with the watch.\n\nAside from publicly humiliating Hickok and taking his property, Tutt's demand for collateral on a debt from a fellow professional card player implied he thought Hickok was an insolvent gambler trying to avoid his debts. To ignore such an insult from Tutt would have ruined Hickok's career as a gambler in Springfield, which was reportedly his only source of income. Further, groups of Tutt's friends reportedly continued to mock Hickok after the initial confrontation, baiting him with talk of the pocket watch to see if he could be goaded into drawing in anger so he could be shot down by the whole group. After several days of this, Hickok's patience was at its breaking point. When a group of Tutt's supporters at the Lyon House mocked Hickok and announced that they had heard Tutt was planning to wear the watch \"in the middle of the town square\" the next day, Hickok reportedly replied, \"He shouldn't come across that square unless dead men can walk.\" Having apparently made up his mind, Hickok returned to his room to clean, oil and reload his pistols in anticipation of a confrontation with Tutt the next morning.\n\nFailed negotiations \nAlthough Tutt had humiliated his rival, Hickok's ultimatum essentially forced his hand. To go back on his very public boast would make everyone think he was afraid of Hickok, and so long as he intended to stay in Springfield, he could not afford to show cowardice. The next day, he arrived at the town square around 10:00 a.m. with Hickok's watch openly hanging from his waist pocket. The word quickly spread that Tutt was making good on his pledge to humiliate Hickok, reaching Hickok's own ears within an hour.\n\nAccording to the testimony of Eli Armstrong (and supported by two other witnesses, John Orr and Oliver Scott), Hickok met Tutt at the square and discussed the terms of the watch's return. Tutt now demanded $45. Armstrong tried to convince Tutt to accept the original $35 and negotiate for the rest later, but Hickok was still adamant that he only owed $25. Tutt then held the watch in front of Hickok and stated he would accept no less than $45. Both then said they did not want to fight and they went for a drink together. Tutt soon left, however, returning once again to the square, still wearing the watch.\n\nThe shootout\n\nAt a few minutes before 6:00 p.m., Hickok was seen calmly approaching the square from the south, his Colt Navy in hand. His armed presence caused the crowd to immediately scatter to the safety of nearby buildings, leaving Tutt alone in the northwestern corner of the square. At a distance of about 75 yards, Hickok stopped, facing Tutt, and called out, \"Dave, here I am.\" He cocked his pistol, holstered it on his hip, and gave a final warning, \"Don't you come across here with that watch.\" Tutt did not reply, but stood with his hand on his pistol.\n\nBoth men faced each other sideways in the dueling position and hesitated briefly. Then Tutt reached for his pistol. Hickok drew his gun and steadied it on his opposite forearm. The two men fired a single shot each at essentially the same time, according to the reports. Tutt missed, but Hickok's bullet struck Tutt in the left side between the fifth and seventh ribs. Tutt called out, \"Boys, I'm killed,\" ran onto the porch of the local courthouse and back to the street, where he collapsed and died.\n\nTrial and aftermath \nThe next day, a warrant was issued for Hickok's arrest and two days later he was arrested. Bail was initially denied, as is common in murder cases. Hickok eventually posted a bail of $2,000 (equivalent to $ in present-day terms) on the same day, after the magistrate reduced the charge from murder to manslaughter based on the circumstances. Hickok was arrested under the name of William Haycocke (the name he had been using in Springfield) for the manslaughter of David Tutt. During the trial, the names were amended to J. B. Hickok and Davis Tutt/Little Dave, \"little\" being an equivalent to the present day \"junior\" to indicate having the same name as the father.\n\nHickok's manslaughter trial began on August 3, 1865 and lasted three days. Twenty-two witnesses from the square testified at the trial. Hickok's lawyer was Colonel John S. Phelps, former Union military Governor of Arkansas. The prosecution was led by Major Robert W. Fyan; the judge was Sempronius H. Boyd. The trial transcripts have been lost, but newspaper reports indicate that Hickok claimed self-defense. The most disputed fact at the trial was who fired first. Only four witnesses actually watched the fight. Two claimed both men fired, but they could not tell who drew first. One said he was standing behind Hickok so he only saw Hickok draw, as his view of Tutt was blocked. Another said Tutt did not fire, but admitted noticing Tutt's gun had a discharged chamber. The other witnesses all stated that while they did not see the shooting, they heard only one shot.\n\nDespite Hickok's claim of self-defense being technically invalid under the state law pertaining to \"mutual combat\" (since he had come to the square armed and expecting to fight), the jury decided that he was justified in shooting Tutt. As Tutt was the initiator of the fight (by taking Hickok's watch) and the first to display overt aggression, and since two witnesses indicated that Tutt was the first to reach for his pistol, the unwritten law dictated that Hickok was justified and subsequently they absolved him of guilt. In fact, Hickok was seen as being honorable for giving Tutt several chances to avoid the conflict instead of shooting him the moment he felt he was shown disrespect.\n\nJudge Boyd gave the jury two apparently contradictory instructions. He first instructed the jury that a conviction was its only option under the law. However, he then instructed them that they could apply the unwritten law of the \"fair fight\" and acquit, an action known as jury nullification, which allows a jury to make a finding contrary to the law. The trial ended in acquittal on August 6, 1865, after the jury deliberated for \"an hour or two\" before reaching a verdict of not guilty, which was not popular at the time. A prominent Springfield attorney gave a speech to the crowd from the balcony of the court house, denouncing the verdict as \"against the evidence and all decency\" and there was talk of lynching Hickok.\n\nThe verdict was expected and well in keeping with the \"trail law\" of the day; as stated by a modern historian, \"Nothing better described the times than the fact that dangling a watch held as security for a poker debt was widely regarded as a justifiable provocation for resorting to firearms.\" While Hickok felt humiliated by Tutt wearing the watch, Tutt could also claim the same humiliation if he failed to wear the watch, essentially bowing to Hickok's warning. Due to its notoriety, the gunfight has since received much research and attention. Several weeks after the gunfight, on September 13, 1865, Colonel George Ward Nichols, a writer for Harper's, sought out Hickok and began the interviews that would eventually turn the then-unknown gunfighter into one of the great legends of the Old West.\n\nDavis Tutt's body was initially buried in the Springfield City Cemetery, but was disinterred and reburied in Maple Park Cemetery in March 1883 by his half-brother Lewis Tutt, a former slave who was the son of Tutt's father and his female slave.\n\nNotes\n\nReferences \n\nConflicts in 1865\nAmerican Old West gunfights\n1865 in Missouri\nHistory of Springfield, Missouri\nHistory of Greene County, Missouri\nDueling\nJuly 1865 events" ]

[ "Wild Bill Hickok", "Duel with Davis Tutt", "What was the relation between Wild Bill Kickok and Duel with Davis Tutt", "Hickok and a local gambler named Davis Tutt had several disagreements over unpaid gambling debts and their mutual affection for the same women." ]

[ "On June 7, 2017, the Bank of the Philippine Islands (BPI) suspended its online transaction and automatic teller machine services amidst reports of money missing from its account holders. There was speculation that BPI was compromised by hackers but the bank claimed that the problem was caused by an internal data processing error. The scope of the issue was nationwide according to the bank and also said that only a small portion of its customers were affected and that most of them were in Metro Manila.\n\nIt was reported that the value of some transactions made from April 27 to May 3, 2017 were doubled. The bank issued a statement that they were resolving the issue and assured that its clients would not lose any money.\n\nBPI's stocks in the Philippine Stock Exchange remained unaffected in response to the incident. Luis Limlingan, head of research and sales at Regina Capital Development Corporation viewed that most investors could have seen the incident as a one-off event that could be resolved. According to Limlingan the real problem was how BPI dealt with its disgruntled customers.\n\nBPI announced that they resolved the issue at 9 p.m. on June 8, 2017. The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the country's central bank, launched a probe on the incident.\n\nSee also\n2012 RBS Group computer system problems\n\nReferences\n\n2010s economic history\nJune 2017 events in the Philippines\nSoftware anomalies\nCorporate scandals", "John Onyaene Dafiewhare was enthroned as the first Bishop of Warri in Delta State, Nigeria, on 28 January 1980.\n\nThe Diocese was inaugurated in 1976, and T. I. Akintayo was chosen as the pioneer bishop, but this met opposition from the diocese and Dafiewhare was consecrated instead by Agori Iwe, the recently retired Bishop of Benin, acting unilaterally. The problem was eventually resolved by the re-consecration of Dafiewhare by the Primate T.O. Olufosoye on 25 January 1980.\n\nDafiewhare died in 1994.\n\nReferences \n\n1994 deaths\nAnglican bishops of Warri\n20th-century Anglican bishops in Nigeria\nNigerian Anglicans\nYear of birth missing" ]

[ "Wild Bill Hickok", "Duel with Davis Tutt", "What was the relation between Wild Bill Kickok and Duel with Davis Tutt", "Hickok and a local gambler named Davis Tutt had several disagreements over unpaid gambling debts and their mutual affection for the same women.", "How was the problem resolved?", "On July 21, 1865, the two men faced off in Springfield's town square," ]

[ "Disability etiquette is a set of guidelines dealing specifically with how to approach a person with a disability.\n\nThere is no consensus on when this phrase first came into use, although it most likely grew out of the Disability Rights Movement that began in the early 1970s. The concept may have started as a cynical play on existing rule sheets, written for audiences without a disability, that were seen as patronizing by civil rights activists.\n\nGuidelines\nMost disability etiquette guidelines seem to be predicated on a simple dictate: \"Do not assume ...\" They are written to address real and perceived shortcomings in how society as a whole treats disabled people.\n\nThese guidelines can be broken down into the several broad categories.\n\n\"Do not assume ...\":\n \"... a person with a disability either wants or requires assistance.\"\n \"... rejection of aid is meant as a personal affront.\"\n \"... upon acceptance of your help, that you know, without being told, what service to perform.\"\n \"... a person who appears to have one kind of disability also has others.\"\n \"... a disabled person is dissatisfied with their quality of life, and is thus seeking pity.\"\n \"... a person with a disability is easily offended.\"\n \"... that a person who does not appear disabled, or who uses assistive devices intermittently instead of all of the time, is faking or imagining their disability.\" (See invisible disability.)\n \"... companions accompanying a person with a disability are there strictly to render service.\"\n \"... a person with a disability will be receptive to personal questions, particularly in a public setting.\"\n \"... that when a person with a disability is in a public place, that they are being escorted by a caretaker, instead of traveling alone.\"\n\nEach category encompasses specific \"rules\". For example, the last two of these would include guidelines such as:\n\n \"Ask questions of the person with a disability, and not of their companions.\"\n \"Hand grocery or other receipts to the individual who is paying the bill.\"\n \"Only ask questions about the person's disability if you know that person.\"\n\nPeople writing on specific disabilities have given rise to their own unique guidelines. Wheelchair users may, for example, include the rule, \"do not grab the push handles of a person's wheelchair without permission.\" Visually impaired people often list a request to, \"identify yourself when you enter a room.\"\n\nLanguage\n\nLike many other minority groups, disabled people do not always agree on what constitutes politically correct language, and many may have contradicting views on what they prefer. Some may prefer being referred to as 'a person with a disability' rather than as a disabled person - that preference is people-first language. The language someone uses to refer to their disability can signify whether they believe in a medical model of disability or a social model of disability.\n\nReferences\n\nDisability\nEtiquette", "The issue of peer disagreement in epistemology discusses the question of how a person should respond when he learns that somebody else with the same body of knowledge disagrees with them.\n\nTypes of disagreements \nEpistemologists distinguish between two types of disagreements. One type is disagreements about facts. For instance, a disagreement about the question whether earth is spherical or flat. The second type of disagreements is about a proposed course of action, for example, whether one should travel to Italy or Greece.\n\nThis philosophical discussion is mainly about “peer disagreement”. This is the case where the two disputants are epistemic peers -- they have roughly the same capabilities in terms of information and intelligence.\n\nResponses to disagreements\nThe schools of thought about the right way to respond to a disagreement are the Conciliatory School and the Steadfast school. Different philosophers provide different reasons for each of these schools.\n\nThe Conciliatory School \nThis school contends that a person must consider his peer belief as equally valid as his own. Consequently, he must respond by revising his own belief, taking into account his peer belief. The options are to attribute equal weight to each belief and meet in the middle. There are disagreements, like belief and disbelief in God, where this is not possible. In these cases the right response is to suspend one's own belief.\n\nThe Steadfast School \nThis school contends that a person must adhere to his own original belief notwithstanding his knowledge of a disagreeing peer. One given reason is that although from a third person perspective both disputants are likely to be correct, from one's own perspective, a person should trust himself. \n\nAnother given reason is related to the dispute over the Uniqueness Thesis. According to those who deny the Uniqueness Thesis, there are cases where two contradictory beliefs are justified. Therefore, the fact that there exists contradictory belief does not necessarily entail that one of the beliefs is not justified. Consequently, the existence of a disagreement does not necessarily requires any of the disputants to change his belief.\n\nReferences \n\nEpistemology\nPhilosophical problems\n\nDisagreements (Epistemology)" ]

[ "Wild Bill Hickok", "Duel with Davis Tutt", "What was the relation between Wild Bill Kickok and Duel with Davis Tutt", "Hickok and a local gambler named Davis Tutt had several disagreements over unpaid gambling debts and their mutual affection for the same women.", "How was the problem resolved?", "On July 21, 1865, the two men faced off in Springfield's town square,", "Which other person do Bill have a disagreement with?", "Under the name \"Wild Bill Hitchcock\" [sic], the article recounted the \"hundreds\" of men whom Hickok had personally killed and other exaggerated exploits." ]

[ "In Israel, the Leader of the Opposition (, Rosh HaOpozitzya) is the politician who leads the Official Opposition in the Knesset, the Israeli parliament. The Leader of the Opposition is, by convention, the leader of the largest political party in the Knesset that is not in (or supports) the government.\n\nHistory\n\nInformal role, until 2000\nUntil 2000, the role of the Opposition Leader was not an official position, but rather an honorary role. The Leader of the Opposition was the leader of the largest party not in government. This was either Likud or Labor, with short exceptions during national unity governments of 1967–1970 and 1984–1990.\n\nEven with the absence of a law defining the role of the Opposition Leader, it was customary for the Prime Minister to hold regular meetings with the leader of the largest opposition party. However, it was carried out only at the prerogative of the Prime Minister.\n\nFormalised role, post-2000\nIn early 2000, two bills to amend the Opposition Leader's status were submitted to the Knesset, one by the government and one by MK Uzi Landau. The bills were merged into one amendment, and on 17 July 2000, the Knesset approved Amendment 8 to the \"Knesset Law\" of 1994, adding chapter 6 that outlined the role of the Leader of the Opposition. The law stipulates the selection of the Opposition Leader, the method of their replacement, regulates their ceremonial role in various official events, and obliges the prime minister to update them once a month. The law also stipulates that the Opposition Leader's salary will be determined by Knesset committee, and shall not be lower than a salary of a Cabinet minister.\n\nList of Opposition leaders\n\nLeaders of the largest opposition party\n\nDesignated Opposition Leaders \nAfter Amendment 8 to the \"Knesset law\" of 1994 was passed, the Leader of the Opposition became the person elected by the largest faction of the opposition.\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nChapter 6: Leader of the Opposition, The Knesset law of 1994 Wikisource \n\nGovernment of Israel\nPolitics of Israel\nIsrael\nParliamentary opposition\nLists of political office-holders in Israel", "The Constitution of Ireland has been amended 32 times since its adoption in 1937. Numerous other amendment bills have been introduced in Dáil Éireann but were not enacted. These include government bills passed by the Dáil and Seanad but rejected at referendum; bills which the government introduced but later decided not to proceed with; and the rest were private member's bills (PMBs), usually introduced by opposition TDs. No amendment PMBs passed second stage until 2015.\n\nList of amendments\n\nNotes\n\nMissing numbers\nA new bill to amend the constitution is usually named with the ordinal number next after that of the last amendment passed. Multiple pending bills will often use the same number, and be distinguished by year of introduction and/or a parenthetical number or description. However, if the government introduces multiple bills, these are numbered consecutively. There are several gaps in the numbering of passed amendments, corresponding to government bills which did not pass:\nTwelfth Amendments 12, 13, and 14, all relating to abortion, were put to referendums on the same day. The 12th was rejected while the 13th and 14th passed.\nTwenty-second Amendments 21, 22, 23, and 24 were introduced in the Dáil on the same day, with a view to being passed quickly through the Oireachtas. Three proved uncontroversial, but the 22nd was delayed after complaints from opposition parties. By the time the government decided not to proceed with the 22nd bill, the 23rd had passed at referendum.\nTwenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth After the 24th bill was rejected at referendum in 2001, the government decided not to re-use the number when introducing the 25th bill later that year. Similarly, after the 25th was rejected in 2002, the government's next amendment bill was numbered 26 rather than 25 or 24. By contrast, when the 28th amendment bill of 2008 was rejected at referendum, the government chose to re-use the number 28 for the amendment bill passed the following year.\nThirty-second The 32nd and 33rd bills were put to referendum on 4 October 2013; the 32nd was rejected while the 33rd was approved.\nThirty-fifth The government's 35th bill was rejected at a referendum on 22 May 2015. Government amendments 36 and 37 were passed in 2018. The 38th Amendment was a private member's bill introduced in 2016 with number 35, which had its number changed to 38 in 2019 after being accepted by the government, which was passed in May 2019.\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n\nCitations\n\n \nIreland law-related lists\nRepublic of Ireland politics-related lists" ]

[ "Wild Bill Hickok", "Duel with Davis Tutt", "What was the relation between Wild Bill Kickok and Duel with Davis Tutt", "Hickok and a local gambler named Davis Tutt had several disagreements over unpaid gambling debts and their mutual affection for the same women.", "How was the problem resolved?", "On July 21, 1865, the two men faced off in Springfield's town square,", "Which other person do Bill have a disagreement with?", "Under the name \"Wild Bill Hitchcock\" [sic], the article recounted the \"hundreds\" of men whom Hickok had personally killed and other exaggerated exploits.", "Who was Bills main opposition?", "a local gambler named Davis Tutt" ]

[ "Gennady Golovkin vs. Kell Brook was a professional boxing match for the unified WBC, IBF, and IBO middleweight titles. The bout was held on 10 September 2016, at the O2 Arena in London, England. The event was televised live on Sky Sports Box Office in the UK and HBO in the United States. Golovkin won the fight in round 5, after Brook's corner threw in the towel.\n\nBackground \nOn 8 July 2016, it was announced that Gennady Golovkin would fight Kell Brook on 10 September 2016 at the O2 Arena in London, England. Brook was scheduled to fight in a unification bout against then-WBO champion Jessie Vargas, whereas there was negotiations for Golovkin to fight Chris Eubank Jr.; however, negotiations fell through and promoter Eddie Hearn offered the Golovkin fight to Brook, who agreed to move up two weight divisions to challenge Golovkin. This was Golovkin's 17th world title defence. The fight aired in the United States on HBO and on Sky Box Office pay-per-view in the United Kingdom.\n\nOn 5 September, the WBA withdrew its sanction for the fight. Although they granted Golovkin a special permit to take the fight, they stated that their title would not be at stake. The reason for the withdrawal was because Brook had never competed in the middleweight division. WBA president Gilberto Mendoza Jr. said, \"What I most regret is that there are no boxers at 160 pounds who will fight against 'Triple G,' and Brook has to move up two divisions to fight against him.\" The Golovkin camp were said to be disappointed with the decision with promoter Tom Loeffler saying, \"somehow the WBA thought it was too dangerous for a welterweight to move up to middleweight to fight the biggest puncher in boxing. I guess that is a compliment to GGG as they sanctioned [Adrien] Broner moving up two divisions [from lightweight to welterweight] to fight Paulie [Malignaggi in 2013] and Roy Jones moving up two divisions [from light heavyweight to heavyweight] to fight John Ruiz [in 2003] for WBA titles, and Kell Brook is undefeated and considered a top pound-for-pound boxer.\"\n\nFight details \nGolovkin came out aggressively, going as far as to buckle Brook's legs in the first round. He was met with stiff resistance as Brook began to fire back, connecting multiple clean combinations on Golovkin, none of which were able to faze him. In the second round Brook had his greatest success of the fight, but in the process had his right eye socket broken. Over the next three rounds, Golovkin began to break him down. Brook showed courage, determination and a great chin as he absorbed the bulk of a Golovkin onslaught. Despite this, Brook's trainer Dominic Ingle threw in the towel to protect his fighter's damaged right eye, ending the fight in the fifth round with both boxers still standing.\n\nCompuBox stats\n\nAftermath \nSpeaking after the fight, Golovkin said, \"I promised to bring 'Big Drama Show,' like street fight. I don't feel his power. I feel his distance. He has great distance. He feels [my power], and after second round I understand that it's not boxing. I need street fight. Just broke him. That's it.\"\n\nBrook said, \"I'm devastated. I expected him to be a bigger puncher. I think in the second round, he broke my eye socket. He caught me with a shot, and I was starting to settle into the fight, but I was seeing three or four of him, so it was hard to get through it. I was tricking him. His shots were coming underneath, and I was frustrating him. I was starting to settle into him, but when you see three or four of them, it is hard to carry on.\"\n\nSpeaking on the stoppage, Golovkin's trainer Abel Sanchez said, \"The corner did the right thing. It was a matter of time. He was taking too many clean shots. At that point when they stopped it, it was over. Gennady knew it was over, and he was touching him with too many clean shots. I think something is wrong with [Brook's] eye, and the heavy hands were going to injure him permanently. I noticed it in the second round when he kept pointing to it and kept touching it. [Ingle] did say that something was wrong with his eye. But it wasn't so much with his eye as he was getting hit with too many clean shots. That could be very dangerous.\" He also stated that Golovkin was too eager to knock Brook out, \"He was trying too hard to knock Kell out. The not smiling [Friday at the weigh-in], he had an hour and 40-minute ride [because of traffic]. He was upset and wanted to get on the scale and get out of here. He just was trying too hard. I was trying to tell him this is a 12-round fight. Just beat on him, beat on him, practice. I wanted him to use the jab more. He wasn't. He would use it for half the round and then not use it.\"\n\nGolovkin stated although Brook fought like a true champion, he was not a middleweight.\n\nViewership \nIn the UK, the fight reportedly had 752,000 pay-per-view buys on Sky Box Office.\n\nIn the US, the fight was aired live on HBO in the afternoon and drew an average of 843,000 viewers and peaked at 907,000 viewers. This was considered by HBO to be very successful for an afternoon showing. A replay was shown later in the evening as part of the world super flyweight title fight between Roman Gonzalez and Carlos Cuadras. The replay averaged 593,000 viewers.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n at BoxRec\n\nBoxing matches\n2016 in London\nSeptember 2016 sports events in the United Kingdom", "Evander Holyfield vs. Larry Holmes, billed as \"Class of Champions\", was a professional boxing match contested on June 19, 1992, for the WBA, WBC, and IBF heavyweight championships.\n\nBackground\nHolyfield's previous fight was a tough victory over journeyman fighter Bert Cooper, who was a last-minute replacement for Francesco Damiani, who himself was a replacement for Mike Tyson, after Damiani determined that he could not compete due to a foot injury. Cooper nearly managed to dethrone Holyfield of his title in the third round when he was able to deliver the first knockdown of Holyfield's professional career. Holyfield, however, was able to rebound from the knockdown to earn the victory via 7th round technical knockout. After his defeat of Cooper, Holyfield had hoped to next fight Tyson. The two men were originally scheduled to fight each other on November 8, 1991, before Tyson pulled out of the fight with a rib injury. Then on February 10, 1992, Tyson was convicted of rape and sentenced to six years in prison, leading to the cancellation of the Holyfield–Tyson fight. On March 5, 1992, it was announced that Holyfield's next opponent would be 42-year-old former Heavyweight champion Larry Holmes. Holmes had twice retired, first after losing a rematch to Michael Spinks in 1986 for the IBF Heavyweight Championship, and then again after a loss to Mike Tyson in 1988 for the Undisputed Heavyweight Championship. In 1991, Holmes launched a successful comeback, winning five consecutive fights before facing undefeated Olympic Gold Medalist Ray Mercer in a match to determine the number one contender. Though Holmes came into the fight as an underdog, he was able to outpoint Mercer en route to a victory by unanimous decision.\n\nThe fight\nThe fight went the full 12 rounds with Evander Holyfield earning the victory via unanimous decision with two scores of 116–112 and one score of 117–111. Holyfield was able to control most of the fight as Holmes took a more defensive approach. Holmes' best offensive showing came in round 2 when he was able to hit Holyfield with a combination of uppercuts and hooks in the second minute of the round. Holmes was also able to open a cut above Holyfield's right eye after catching him with an elbow following a missed right hand. Nevertheless, Holyfield was the aggressor for the entire duration of the fight with Holmes spending most of the fight seemingly trying to avoid trading punches with Holyfield. Ultimately, neither man was able gain a knockdown throughout the relatively uneventful fight. In what was surely not intended as a reflection on the evening's proceedings, Holmes vomited as the final bell rang.\n\nAftermath\nHolyfield would next face arguably his toughest opponent, the undefeated Riddick Bowe. In what was named The Ring magazine's Fight of the Year, Riddick Bowe was able to defeat Holyfield by a close unanimous decision to become the new Undisputed Heavyweight Champion.\n\nThough it was not known if Holmes would continue to fight after his loss to Holyfield, he ultimately decided to continue his comeback, racking up seven consecutive victories after the Holyfield defeat to earn another chance at a major heavyweight title, this time facing Oliver McCall for the WBC Heavyweight Championship on April 8, 1995. Though he was again able to go the full 12 rounds, he was unable to pick up the victory, instead losing to McCall by another unanimous decision.\n\nReferences\n\n1992 in boxing\nBoxing in Las Vegas\n1992 in sports in Nevada\nHolmes\nWorld Boxing Association heavyweight championship matches\nWorld Boxing Council heavyweight championship matches\nInternational Boxing Federation heavyweight championship matches\nJune 1992 sports events in the United States\nCaesars Palace" ]

[ "Harry Wright", "The National Association years" ]

[ "George Wright (January 28, 1847 – August 21, 1937) was an American shortstop in professional baseball. He played for the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings, the first fully professional team, when he was the game's best player. He then played for the Boston Red Stockings, helping the team win six league championships from 1871 to 1878. His older brother Harry Wright managed both Red Stockings teams and made George his cornerstone. George was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937. After arriving in Boston, he also entered the sporting goods business. There he continued in the industry, assisting in the development of golf.\n\nPersonal life\nBorn in Yonkers, New York, 12 years younger than Harry, George Wright was raised as a cricket \"club pro\", assisting their father Samuel Wright as Harry had done. Before George's birth, Samuel Wright's St George's Cricket Club moved from Manhattan across the Hudson River to Elysian Fields, Hoboken, New Jersey, where many New York and New Jersey baseball clubs played in the 1850s. Both boys learned baseball, too, but George grew up with the \"national game\" and was barely in his teens when the American Civil War curtailed its boom; Harry was already 22 when the baseball fraternity convened for the first time, and 30 when the war ended. George's younger brother Sam Wright also played baseball professionally, with brief appearances in the major leagues.\n\nGeorge was the father of tennis great Beals Wright, a U.S. Championship winner and Olympic gold medalist, and Irving Wright, U.S. Championship men's doubles champion.\n\nAmateur baseball\nAt some times during the war, both Wright brothers played for the venerable Gothams, the second-oldest baseball team after the Knickerbockers. According to Ivor-Campbell (1996), George moved from the Gotham juniors to the senior team when he was 15. At 17 in 1864, he was the regular catcher.\n\nBaseball's recovery from the American Civil War was far advanced in greater New York City (always untouched by the military conflict), as the leading clubs played more than 20 National Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP) matches, the Gothams 11. George played eight and led the team both in runs, scoring 2.4 times per game, and \"hands lost\", put out only 2.4 times per game, average being three per player in a 9-inning game. In seven matches infielder Harry was fourth in scoring at 2.0 and second behind George in hands lost at 2.6 (Wright 2000: 91).\n\nFor the 1865 season, George was hired by the Philadelphia Cricket Club; that summer he played in five matches for the Olympic Ball Club of that city. The Olympic club was the devoted to games in the baseball genus, established in 1833. At the December annual meeting, the first in peacetime, NAABP membership tripled, including isolated clubs from as far as Fort Leavenworth, Kansas and Chattanooga, Tennessee. Wright returned to the Gothams for baseball; he was 19 and nearing his athletic peak. At the same time, Harry Wright moved to Cincinnati for a job at the Union Cricket Club.\n\nEarly in the summer of 1866, Wright moved from catcher for Gotham, which played eight NABBP matches that year, to shortstop for Union, which played 28, the leading number. The Union of Morrisania, now in the New York borough of the Bronx, were another charter member of the first Association, but one that moved toward professionalism in the postwar years, as the Gothams did not. In 1867, he joined the Nationals of Washington, D.C., the oldest club in that city, whose approach to professionalism was arranging government jobs, mainly with the Treasury. He played second base, shortstop, and pitcher in 29 of the 30 matches fully on record and in those matches led the team both in scoring and hands lost. Next year he returned to the Unions for the association's last officially all-amateur season and moved permanently to the shortstop position. In 1868, Wright won the Clipper Medal for being the best shortstop in baseball.\n\nCincinnati Red Stockings\n\nMeanwhile, George's brother Harry had acquired baseball duties and had organized for Cincinnati the strongest team in the West, led in 1868 by a handful of players from the East — presumably compensated somehow by club members if not by the club. When the NABBP permitted professionalism for 1869, Harry augmented himself and four incumbents with five new men including his brother George, who was highest paid at $1400 for nine months. George remained a cornerstone of Harry's teams for 10 seasons.\n\nCincinnati toured the continent undefeated in 1869, as George batted .633 with 49 home runs in 57 games. It may have been the strongest team in 1870, but the club dropped professional baseball after the second season.\n\nMajor League Baseball\nHarry Wright was hired to organize a new team in Boston, where he signed three teammates including George for 1871. The new Red Stockings team just missed winning the first National Association pennant. George suffered a broken leg and missed half the season; one more win would have been decisive in Boston's favor. With some personnel changes, the Boston Red Stockings won the other four NA pennants, dominating so severely in 1875 that they helped provoke a new league. Wright holds the NA career record for the most triples (41), and he led the NA in triples with 15 in 1874.\n\nOn April 22, 1876, Wright became the first batter in National League history, and grounded out to the shortstop. Boston trailed badly in the first NL season after the defection of its Big Four western players to Chicago, but rebounded to win again both 1877 and 1878. George Wright had played an even decade for Harry's teams. Another 1869 hire, Andy Leonard, was present for all but the 1871 second-place finish.\n\nThe Providence Grays, new in the NL for 1878, hired George to lead the team in 1879. He did as well as possible, wrestling the championship for himself from older brother Harry; for Providence and Rhode Island from older and regionally dominant Boston and Massachusetts. However, Wright & Ditson Sporting Goods was growing, so George returned to Boston for business reasons. He remains the only man to win the pennant in his lone season as manager. Meanwhile, the National League introduced the reserve list system, and Providence listed George, so he was not free to sign with Boston. Until the 1879–80 off-season, every professional baseball player was a \"free agent\" for every season. During the next two seasons he played only a few games. When Boston changed managers for 1882, Harry signed to lead Providence and inherited the right to sign his brother. George played another season full-time, retiring after the 1882 season with a .301 batting average in the major leagues from 1871.\n\nAfter Ditson died in 1891, Spalding purchased Wright & Ditson Co in Feb 1892. The name Wright & Ditson Co continued to be used several years after the purchase.\n\nCricket\nIn 1882, George Wright took up cricket seriously again with the Longwood Cricket Club of Boston where he dominated local cricket sides with Isaac Chambers, the Longwood cricket pro and greenskeeper, holding up the other bowling end. In 1891, Wright captained the Longwood Cricket Club against Lord Hawke's visiting English side. Wright's side surprised the visiting English first-class players with accurate bowling which kept the tourists in check. In 1892, Wright donated cricket gear to British Guianese (Guyana) cricket players, thereby starting a century-old tradition of West Indian cricket in New England.\n\nGolf\nIn 1886, Wright obtained what was said to be the first set of golf clubs and balls in the United States and had them on display in the Wright & Ditson sporting goods shop in Boston where a visitor from Scotland saw them and explained the game. In December 1890, Wright and three friends obtained a permit and chopped nine holes in the frozen ground of Boston's Franklin Park, playing two rounds. (Six years later, a public golf course was laid out in Franklin Park. The course, now known as the William J. Devine Golf Course, is the second oldest public golf course in the United States.) \n\nWright & Ditson became a major seller of golf clubs; early U.S. Open champion Francis Ouimet worked at the store while pursuing his amateur career. Wright later donated the , the former Grew estate, for Boston's second municipal course which became the Donald Ross-designed George Wright Golf Course located in the Hyde Park section of Boston.\n\nBaseball legacy\nGeorge Wright served on the 1906–1907 Mills Commission that—despite a complete lack of historical evidence—determined that Cooperstown, New York was the birthplace of baseball. President Mills and secretary Sullivan probably did the work, with the others lending gravity and celebrity. (The commission's determination has never been taken seriously by baseball historians and scholars.)\n\nWright accompanied the United States contingent to the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden where demonstrations of baseball, involving American track and field athletes and a team of Swedish players, were held. Wright umpired one of the games and provided instruction in the game for the Swedish players. Jim Thorpe, winner of the pentathlon and decathlon at that year's Olympics and a future Major League Baseball player, was one of the American players participating in the baseball exhibitions.\n\nWright was consulted regarding the baseball centennial celebrations of 1939, including the establishment of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown. Soon after his own election to the Hall of Fame in 1937, he died in Boston of a stroke, aged 90. He is buried in Holyhood Cemetery, in Brookline, Massachusetts.\n\nSee also\n\nList of Major League Baseball player-managers\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\nIvor-Campbell, Frederick (1996). \"George Wright\". Baseball's First Stars. Edited by Frederick Ivor-Campbell, et al. Cleveland, Ohio: SABR. \nRetrosheet. \"George Wright\". Retrieved August 29, 2006.\nSentence, David (n.d.). \"Cricket in America – Part 3: America's Oldest Cricket Club\". Retrieved August 31, 2006.\nWright, Marshall (2000). The National Association of Base Ball Players, 1857–1870. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co.\n\nExternal links\n\n (cricket career)\n\n1847 births\n1937 deaths\nNational Baseball Hall of Fame inductees\nMajor League Baseball player-managers\nMajor League Baseball shortstops\n19th-century baseball players\nCincinnati Red Stockings players\nBoston Red Stockings players\nBoston Red Caps players\nProvidence Grays players\nBaseball players from New York (state)\nProvidence Grays managers\nNew York Gothams (NABBP) players\nMorrisania Unions players\nWashington Nationals (NABBP) players\nAmerican cricketers\nAmerican cricket umpires\nCricketers from New York (state)\nSportspeople from Yonkers, New York\nBurials at Holyhood Cemetery (Brookline)", "The Providence Grays were a Major League Baseball team that played in Providence, Rhode Island. They played in the National League from 1878 through 1885. During their time as a Major League team, the Grays employed eight different managers. The duties of the team manager include team strategy and leadership on and off the field.\n\nThe Grays' first manager was left fielder Tom York. York managed the team in 1878 and led them to a record of 33 wins and 27 losses. York also managed the Grays for part of the 1881 season, and in total managed the Grays for 96 games, with 56 wins and 37 losses, for a winning percentage of .602. In their second season, the Grays were managed by shortstop and Baseball Hall of Fameer George Wright. Wright led the team to a record of 59 wins and 25 losses for a winning percentage of .702 in 1879, winning the National League pennant. Wright left the team to join the Boston Red Caps, managed by his brother Harry Wright in 1880. In 1880 and 1881 the Grays employed a total of five different managers, including York's second term and 32 games managed by Hall of Famer John Montgomery Ward.\n\nIn 1882, Hall of Famer Harry Wright, George Wright's brother, became the Grays manager, and George Wright rejoined the team as their shortstop. Harry Wright managed the team for two seasons, winning 110 games and losing 72. Frank Bancroft became the Grays' manager in 1884 and managed the team to record of 84 wins and 28 losses and a winning percentage of .750, winning the Grays' second National League pennant behind the strength of Charles Radbourn's record 59 pitching victories. The Grays also won the World Series in 1884; however the 19th century World Series was a very different event from the current World Series, which began in 1903. The 19th century World Series was considered an exhibition contest between the champion of the National League and the champion of the American Association. The Grays defeated the American Association champion New York Metropolitans in the 1884 World Series winning three games and losing none. Bancroft managed the team again for their final season as a Major League team in 1885 with less success. Bancroft finished with an overall managerial record with the Grays of 137 wins and 85 losses, for a winning percentage of .617.\n\nBancroft managed the most games in Grays' history, 224, and his 137 wins and 85 losses are also the most in Grays' history. George Wright has the highest winning percentage of any Grays' manager, with .702. Three Grays' managers, Ward and the Wright brothers, were elected to Baseball's Hall of Fame.\n\nTable key\n\nManagers\n\nFootnotes \nAlthough the Grays won the tournament called the World Series in 1884, the 19th century World Series was a very different event from the current World Series, which began in 1903. The 19th century World Series was considered an exhibition contest between the champion of the National League and the champion of the American Association. The Grays defeated the New York Metropolitans in the 1884 World Series winning all three games.\n\nReferences \n\nProvidence Grays\nProvidence Grays managers" ]

[ "Harry Wright", "The National Association years", "What team did Harry Wright play in the National Association?", "\"Boston Red Stockings" ]

[ "Darren Stewart (17 May 1966 – 18 October 2018) was an Australian association football player. He was an Australia national football team player and was named Australian Player of the Year in 1993.\n\nLife and career\nA defender, Stewart was a former notable player for APIA Leichhardt, Newcastle Breakers and Johor FA where he captained and won the Malaysia FA Cup in 1998.\n\nStewart was an Australia national football team player from 1991 to 1993.\n\nHe moved to Singapore in 1999, where he played for Balestier Central FC from 1999 to 2002. In 2002, he retired from playing football. He was the assistant manager for Balestier Khalsa FC's Prime League team in 2003 and assistant manager for the Geylang United FC team in 2004–2005.\n\nHe lived in Singapore where he coached and managed the Elias Park Football Club and was a coach for Little League Pte Ltd.\n\nStewart was named as head coach for Gombak United FC at the start of the 2009 S.League season. He joined the club as a technical analyst in late 2008.\n\nIn January 2012, Stewart was confirmed as Balestier Khalsa's head coach for the season 2012 S.League campaign. His time at Balestier were successful, as he guided the club to win the 2013 Singapore League Cup and 6th and 4th placings in the 2012 and 2013 league seasons respectively, the best positions by the club since merging from Balestier Central and Clementi Khalsa. However his contract was not renewed at the end of 2013. Stewart was then contracted to Woodlands Wellington F.C. at the start of 2014. Initially Stewart were successful, with 5-game unbeaten streak in the league and interest from hometown club Newcastle United Jets F.C. to be their head coach, which Stewart turns down to stay with the Singapore club. But after a string of poor results, culminating in a 7-1 thrashing at the hands of Albirex Niigata Singapore in June, Stewart resigned from his position at the club.\n\nIn July 2016, Stewart was appointed head coach of the Maldives national team.\n\nStewart died in Singapore on 18 October 2018 at the age of 52.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1966 births\n2018 deaths\nAustralian soccer players\nAustralia international soccer players\nExpatriate footballers in Malaysia\nAPIA Leichhardt FC players\nBlacktown City FC players\nBalestier Khalsa FC players\nSingapore Premier League head coaches\nBalestier Khalsa FC head coaches\nWoodlands Wellington FC head coaches\nGombak United FC head coaches\nMaldives national football team managers\nAssociation football defenders\nAustralian soccer coaches\nNewcastle Breakers FC players\nSportspeople from Newcastle, New South Wales\nAustralian expatriate soccer coaches", "Joseph Francis Devlin known as Frank Devlin (19 January 1900 – 27 October 1988) was an Irish male badminton player.\n\nBadminton career\nDevlin is the second most successful player ever in the All England Open Badminton Championships with 18 titles between 1925 and 1931, including three triple championships in 1926, 1927 and 1929. He also won four Irish Championships.\n\nDespite being Irish he was part of the English team that toured Canada in 1925 to promote the sport on behalf of the Canadian Badminton Association which had recently been formed in 1921. He was living in Beckenham, Kent and worked as a Salesman. He was also part of a second English touring team that visited Canada during 1930. A match was held at the Granite Club in Toronto which England won 7–2.\n\nAwards\nFrank Devlin was a right-handed player, and was included in the Badminton Hall of Fame in 1997, together with his daughter Judy Devlin.\n\nMajor achievements\n\nReferences\n\nGeneral\n\nChinaBadminton: Frank Devlin (爱尔兰)\n\n1900 births\n1988 deaths\nIrish male badminton players" ]

[ "Harry Wright", "The National Association years", "What team did Harry Wright play in the National Association?", "\"Boston Red Stockings", "Was he a successful player in the team?", "the Red Stockings were an amazing 71-8," ]

[ "David Wright (born 1 May 1980) is an English former professional footballer and manager who is currently Assistant First-Team Coach of League One club Milton Keynes Dons.\n\nWright began his playing career at Crewe Alexandra, where he helped the club to promotion to the First Division in 2002–03 following the club's relegation to the Second Division in the previous season. He went on the make over 200 league appearances for the club. He also played over 100 league games for Ipswich Town between 2007 and 2010, as well as representing Wigan Athletic, Norwich City on loan, Crystal Palace, Gillingham on loan and Colchester United.\n\nIn 2013, Wright took on his first coaching role at the Ipswich Town Academy, before taking on a similar role at Colchester while also managing Isthmian League side Maldon & Tiptree in 2015. He left the Jammers in December 2015 to team up with new Colchester United manager Kevin Keen as his assistant. After Keen left by mutual consent in April 2016, Wright took temporary charge of Colchester's penultimate league game of the 2015–16 season. He was then appointed manager of the under-18 team, before moving to Norwich City to take up the same role.\n\nClub career\n\nCrewe Alexandra\nBorn in Warrington, Wright rose through the youth team ranks at Crewe Alexandra, making his first-team debut for the Railwaymen in August 1997 as a late substitute during a 2–0 away win against Norwich City. He made three First Division appearances during the 1997–98 season, and established himself in the following season, making 20 league appearances and a substitute appearance in the League Cup. He scored his first goal during the 1998–99 season when he netted the opening goal in a 5–1 thrashing of West Bromwich Albion on 5 April 1999.\n\nWright went on to make 213 league appearances for Crewe in his seven years with the club. On the back of relegation to the Second Division in 2002, Wright helped the club gain immediate promotion back to Division One after finishing in the runners-up spot.\n\nWigan Athletic\nIn June 2004, Wright signed for Wigan Athletic for an undisclosed fee in the region of £250,000. Making 31 Championship appearances in the 2004–05 season, he again experienced promotion, on this occasion to the Premier League. However, Wright found himself out of favour in his second season, and having not made a league appearance, he joined Norwich City on a one-month loan deal in November 2005.\n\nWright made five appearances for the Canaries before returning to Wigan. Following his loan spell, Wright made his Premier League bow for the Latics, replacing Leighton Baines at left back after 66 minutes in what ended as a 3–0 home defeat to Blackburn Rovers on 31 December 2005. He made one further appearance in the 2005–06 season, starting in an away game at Birmingham City two days after his last appearance. Wigan were defeated 2–0 as Wright played the full 90 minutes.\n\nThe 2006–07 season saw Wright make 12 Premier League appearances. Wright played his final game for Wigan on New Year's Day 2007, featuring as a substitute in another 3–0 home defeat to Blackburn.\n\nIpswich Town\nIpswich Town signed Wright from Wigan in January 2007 on a three-and-a-half year deal. He made his Town debut in a 1–0 defeat to Sunderland at the Stadium of Light on 13 January, and in only his second appearance for the club, Wright found himself sent off for handling the ball in Ipswich's 3–2 win over local rivals Colchester United. His only goal of the campaign came in the East Anglian derby against his former side Norwich City, the equalising goal in a 1–1 draw on 22 April.\n\nWright featured regularly for Town in the 2007–08 season, ending the campaign with 43 appearances in all competitions and scoring two goals; against Bristol City in a 6–0 thrashing and against West Bromwich Albion on New Year's Day 2008.\n\nDuring the 2008–09 season, although Wright was born in Warrington, England, Scotland and former Ipswich Town manager George Burley was considering selecting Wright for the Scotland national team due to his grandparents Scottish ancestry. However, this never came to fruition. Another solid season saw Wright rack up another 36 appearances and score the decisive goal in a 2–1 win against Nottingham Forest on 18 February 2009.\n\nWright scored the only goal of the game in a match against Derby County on 31 October 2009 to halt manager Roy Keane's winless run of 15 games, in what was the team's first win of the season. Following this, Wright made a further 21 appearances in the 2009–10 season, bringing his total appearance figure for Ipswich to 128 matches.\n\nCrystal Palace\nFormer Scotland manager George Burley signed Wright for his Crystal Palace side on a two-year contract in June 2010. He made his debut for the Eagles on 14 August 2010 as Palace fell to a 1–0 defeat away at Barnsley. Wright made 29 appearances during the 2010–11 season and made a further 25 appearances in his second season.\n\nWright played just three games for Palace during the 2012–13 season before joining League Two club Gillingham in September 2012, on loan for one month. He made seven appearances during the spell, and although the club attempted to extend his loan, the deal fell through as it was not confirmed before a 17:00 GMT transfer deadline on 22 November 2012. Following this loan spell, Wright did not make any further appearances for Crystal Palace before leaving the club.\n\nColchester United\nOn 25 January 2013, Wright signed for League One club Colchester United on a free transfer. He made his debut for the club in a 2–0 win over Walsall the following day, a win which marked the first points in nine games for the U's.\n\nAfter ending his first season with Colchester with 12 League One appearances, Wright held down a regular role during the 2013–14 season and scored his first professional goal in four-and-a-half years in Colchester's 4–2 defeat to Wolverhampton Wanderers at Molineux on 25 March 2014. He signed a new one-year contract with the club on 3 July 2014. After making only three substitute appearances in the 2014–15 season, Wright was released from his Colchester contract by mutual consent on 26 November 2014.\n\nCoaching career\n\nIpswich Town Academy\nWhile playing for Colchester United, during the summer of 2013, Wright was appointed Academy coach at nearby Ipswich Town, where he coached players in the under-14, under-15 and under-16 age groups. He continued in his role following his contractual release from Colchester in November 2014.\n\nMaldon & Tiptree\nHe returned to the coaching set-up at Colchester in June 2015, linking up with the club's academy to work under John McGreal. In a dual-coaching role, the move also saw him named as manager of Isthmian League Division One North side Maldon & Tiptree in a development link-up between the two clubs. His role would see him act as a full-time coach with Colchester, while managing Maldon & Tiptree on a part-time basis. Wright said \"I'm very excited about the opportunity and I'm really looking forward to it\".\n\nColchester United\nAfter taking charge of Maldon & Tiptree for 25 games, resulting in ten league wins, five draws and ten defeats, Wright was appointed assistant manager to Kevin Keen at Colchester United on 21 December 2015 following Tony Humes exit from the club. Wright left the Jammers in 14th position in the table. After Keen left by mutual consent on 26 April 2016, Wright was named as caretaker manager for the penultimate game of the 2015–16 season following Colchester's relegation from League One three days earlier. In his first game in charge, he led the club to a 2–2 draw against Barnsley at Oakwell. After Colchester took the lead in the first-half, two Barnsley goals second-half turned the match in the home side's favour, but an equaliser in the eighth minute of stoppage time from Tom Lapslie rescued a point for Wright and his team. John McGreal was named permanent manager on 4 May ahead of Colchester's final game of the season. Wright was appointed in a new role in May 2016, becoming manager of Colchester's under-18 team.\n\nNorwich City U18/U23\nIn November 2016, Wright left Colchester to take up the role of under-18s manager at Norwich City. In 2019, he was appointed manager of the club's U23 side.\n\nMilton Keynes Dons\nOn 17 August 2021, Wright joined League One club Milton Keynes Dons as Assistant First-Team Coach, working under new manager Liam Manning.\n\nCareer statistics\n\nPlaying statistics\n\nManagerial statistics\n\nHonours\nCrewe Alexandra\n2002–03 Football League Second Division runner-up (level 3)\n\nWigan Athletic\n2004–05 Football League Championship runner-up (level 2)\n\nAll honours referenced by:\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1980 births\nLiving people\nFootballers from Warrington\nEnglish footballers\nAssociation football defenders\nAssociation football midfielders\nCrewe Alexandra F.C. players\nWigan Athletic F.C. players\nNorwich City F.C. players\nIpswich Town F.C. players\nCrystal Palace F.C. players\nGillingham F.C. players\nColchester United F.C. players\nEnglish Football League players\nPremier League players\nEnglish football managers\nIsthmian League managers\nMaldon & Tiptree F.C. managers\nColchester United F.C. managers\nColchester United F.C. non-playing staff\nNorwich City F.C. non-playing staff\nMilton Keynes Dons F.C. non-playing staff", "Manuel Wright (born April 13, 1984) is a former American football defensive tackle. He was drafted by the Miami Dolphins in the fifth round of the 2005 supplemental draft. Wright was also briefly signed to the Buffalo Bills and played for the New York Giants where he earned a Super Bowl ring in Super Bowl XLll.\n\nEarly years\nWright earned various team, local and national honors as a member of the football team at Long Beach Polytechnic High School in Long Beach, California. As a junior in 2000, Wright recorded 95 tackles (57 solo) and with 25 sacks. As a senior, Wright was the team's defensive MVP after recording 142 tackles (60 solo), 16 sacks, four fumble recoveries, three forced fumbles, 20 deflections and an interception.\n\nCollege career\nWright originally signed with USC in 2002 but did not qualify for admission, so he attended Long Beach City College that season as a part-time student. However, he did not play football there.\n\nIn 2003, Wright served as a backup for Defensive tackles Shaun Cody and Mike Patterson. While appearing in nine games during the season, Wright recorded eight tackles, including two for losses and three pass deflections. His first career sack came against Michigan in the Rose Bowl.\n\nWright remained a backup to both Cody and Patterson as a sophomore in 2004. He appeared in 11 games including two starts when Cody was moved to Defensive end. On the year Wright had 23 tackles, including six for losses, two pass deflections and two fumble recoveries. For his efforts, he was an All-Pac-10 honorable mention.\n\nEarly departure\nIn 2005 Wright was a projected starter for the first time in his career, however, he sat out spring practices in order to work on his academics and remain eligible. However, he was unsuccessful, and was left with the options of either staying in school and not playing football or declaring for the NFL's supplemental draft, which is held by the league to accommodate players who did not enter the regular draft. Wright chose the latter.\n\nProfessional career\n\nMiami Dolphins\nLeading up to the supplemental draft, many NFL teams showed interest in Wright in the form of visits, workouts and interviews. The Miami Dolphins selected Wright in the fifth round of the draft, which essentially replaced their fifth-round pick in the 2006 draft. On July 22, Wright signed a four-year contract with the team. It included a signing bonus of $190,000.\n\nWright endured injuries and battled weight issues during his first training camp while his work ethic and maturity were questioned by some. In a much publicized incident on July 26, Wright broke down in tears during practice after being scolded by head coach Nick Saban.\n\nAs a rookie, Wright was active for three games during the season. He made his NFL debut on December 4 against the Buffalo Bills, stepping in for injured Nose tackle Keith Traylor. Wright recorded two tackles and a sack. He finished the season with four tackles, one sack and one pass deflected.\n\nWright reportedly gained 28 pounds during the 2006 offseason, but lost most of the weight during training camp. On August 8, a reportedly depressed Wright took a leave of absence from the team. He was quoted as saying he \"did not believe he would ever play for the Dolphins again and that he needed a 'fresh start'\".\n\nDespite requests from his family and from Head coach Nick Saban, Wright remained away from football in 2006. The Dolphins attempted to trade him, unsuccessfully, but were unable to reach an agreement to release him. The team received a roster exemption for Wright in 2006 and he was placed on the non-football injury list.\n\nAlthough Wright had returned to the team during the 2007 offseason under new head coach Cam Cameron, he was released on May 1.\n\nBuffalo Bills\nOn May 3, the Buffalo Bills claimed Wright on waivers. Less than a week later, he was waived by the Bills. He told Chris Brown of the team's official website that he had 30 pounds to lose. Wright was subsequently cut by the Bills on May 10 after showing up at the team's first minicamp overweight.\n\nNew York Giants\nWright signed with the New York Giants on August 15, 2007. He appeared in six games during the regular season and recorded two tackles. He was also a member of the Giants' Super Bowl XLII championship team.\n\nOn April 10, 2008, the Giants waived Wright.\n\naf2\nIn 2008 Wright joined the af2 and on December 22 was assigned to the Stockton Lightning. However, on May 8, he was suspended by the team.\n\nSee also\n List of University of Southern California people\n List of New York Giants players\n List of Miami Dolphins players\n List of National Football League and Arena football players\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Stockton Lightning bio\n USC Trojans bio\nJust Sports Stats\n\nPlayers of American football from Compton, California\nAfrican-American players of American football\nAmerican football defensive tackles\nUSC Trojans football players\nMiami Dolphins players\nBuffalo Bills players\nNew York Giants players\nStockton Lightning players\n1984 births\nLiving people\nLas Vegas Locomotives players\nUtah Blaze players\n21st-century African-American sportspeople\n20th-century African-American people" ]

[ "Harry Wright", "The National Association years", "What team did Harry Wright play in the National Association?", "\"Boston Red Stockings", "Was he a successful player in the team?", "the Red Stockings were an amazing 71-8,", "What role did Wright play on his team?", "center fielder." ]

[ "Fraley W. Rogers (December 25, 1850 – May 10, 1881) was an American baseball player at the dawn of the professional era. He played primarily for the amateur Star club of Brooklyn. In he moved to right field for the Boston Red Stockings in the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, the first professional league now in its second season.\n\nBoston won the championship. It was Rogers' only full season with the pros, but he did play in two games for the Red Stockings in 1873.\n\nRogers committed suicide with a gun, at the age of 30 in New York City, and is interred at Pine Grove Cemetery in Westborough, Massachusetts.\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n Big League Sports - Player Report #21: Fraley Rogers\n\nExternal links\n\nMajor League Baseball right fielders\nBrooklyn Stars players\nBoston Red Stockings players\nSportspeople from Brooklyn\nBaseball players from New York (state)\nSuicides by firearm in New York City\n19th-century baseball players\n1850 births\n1881 deaths\nBurials in Massachusetts\n1880s suicides", "Robert Edward Addy (February 1842 – April 9, 1910), nicknamed \"The Magnet\", was a Canadian right fielder and second baseman in Major League Baseball, whose professional career spanned from in the National Association to in the National League. He is credited as the first player to introduce the slide in an organized game, and later attempted to create a game of baseball that would have been played on ice. He is also credited as the first person born in Canada to appear in a major league game.\n\nCareer\nBorn in Port Hope, Ontario, he is credited with employing the first slide in an organized baseball game, while playing for the 1866 Rockford Forest Citys of the National Association of Base Ball Players. He was still playing for the Forrest Citys in 1869, and was with them two years later when Rockford joined the first all-professional league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players.\n\nRockford lasted just the one season in the Association, and Addy did not rejoin the league until when he joined the Philadelphia White Stockings. He played in ten games as player-manager, before moving on and joining the Boston Red Stockings later in the season. He helped the Red Stockings win the league title that year, playing in right field, hitting .355, and finished ninth in the league with a .354 on-base percentage. On January 20, 1874, the National Association's Judiciary Committee met to discuss, among other things, charges that Addy had joined the Boston Red Stockings before 60 days had elapsed since leaving the Philadelphia club. He was acquitted of the charge and was allowed to play.\n\nHe did not play for the Red Stockings in 1874, as he signed to play for the Hartford Dark Blues, but his batting declined to .239, and his on-base percentage dropped to .243. For the season, he re-joined the Philadelphia White Stockings, playing in a career high 69 games. He batted .258, and finished ninth in the league with 16 stolen bases. For one game on October 28, 1875, Addy was used as a National Association umpire.\n\nAt season's end, the Association folded and was replaced by National League, and Addy joined the Chicago White Stockings. Chicago won the league title that season, with Addy playing 32 games, and hitting .282. Addy moved to his second Major League team in two years, and sixth team in seven years, when he joined the Cincinnati Reds, playing every day in right field, and later took over as the team's manager after Lip Pike quit the position.\n\nPost-career\nIn a 1900 book, Cap Anson described Addy's playing style, writing, \"Bob Addy, who was one of the best of the lot, was a good, hard hustling player, a good base runner and a hard hitter. He was as honest as the day is long... He was an odd sort of a genius and quit the game because he thought he could do better at something else.\"\n\nAddy later made an unsuccessful attempt to popularize baseball played on ice. He died at the age of 65 in Pocatello, Idaho, and is interred at Mountain View Cemetery.\n\nSee also\nList of countries with their first Major League Baseball player\nList of Major League Baseball player–managers\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n Utah State History/Utah Historical Quarterly: Addy, Bob, baseball player, 52: 154–55\n\nExternal links\n\n1845 births\n1910 deaths\nMajor League Baseball right fielders\nMajor League Baseball second basemen\nMajor League Baseball player-managers\n19th-century baseball players\nRockford Forest Citys (NABBP) players\nRockford Forest Citys players\nBoston Red Stockings players\nPhiladelphia White Stockings players\nPhiladelphia White Stockings managers\nHartford Dark Blues players\nChicago White Stockings players\nCincinnati Reds (1876–1879) players\nCincinnati Reds (1876–1880) managers\nBaseball people from Ontario\n19th-century baseball umpires\nCanadian Baseball Hall of Fame inductees" ]

[ "Scott Walker (politician)", "Education" ]

[ "Public schools in the United States of America provide basic education from kindergarten until the twelfth grade. This is provided free of charge for the students and parents, but is paid for by taxes on property owners as well as general taxes collected by the federal government. This education is mandated by the states. With the completion of this basic schooling, one obtains a high school diploma as certification of basic skills for employers.\n\nThe largest source of funding for elementary and secondary education comes from state government aid, followed by local contributions (primarily property taxes). \nThe public education system provides the classes needed to obtain a General Education Development (GED) and obtain a job or pursue higher education. The education system can deem higher level courses unnecessary, therefore omitting these courses from public school curriculum. Though earning a diploma, students' education can be limiting, and most of the disadvantaged population includes those in a lower income city or neighborhood. Racial and ethnic minorities primarily comprise this population. As Kozol talks about in his book, Racial Inequality, school infrastructure and the surrounding neighborhoods play a big factor in funding allocation. Frequently, students drop out due to lack of support from parents or school faculty.\n\nAccording to a review of the economics literature by Kirabo Jackson, there is strong evidence of \"a causal relationship between increased school spending and student outcomes. All but one of the several multi-state studies find a strong link between spending and outcomes – indicating that money matters on average... the robustness of the patterns across a variety of settings is compelling evidence of a real positive causal relationship between increased school spending and student outcomes on average.\" \n\nThe National Center for Education Statistics reports that approximately 80% of school funding in years 2000-01, 2010-11, 2016-17 was dedicated to salaries and employee benefits. Salaries decreased by 7% and benefits spending Increased by 6% from 2000-01 to 2016-17. \n\nCurrent expenditures per pupil enrolled in the fall in public elementary and secondary schools were 20 percent higher in 2016–17 than in 2000–01 ($12,794 vs. $10,675, both in constant 2018–19 dollars). Current expenditures per pupil increased from $10,675 in 2000–01 to $12,435 in 2008–09, decreased between 2008–09 and 2012–13 to $11,791, and then increased to $12,794 in 2016–17.\n\nCapital outlay expenditures per pupil in 2016–17 ($1,266) were 10 percent lower than in 2000–01 ($1,412). Interest payments on public elementary and secondary school debt per pupil were 22 percent higher in 2016–17 than in 2000–01. During this period, interest payments per pupil increased from $312 in 2000–01 to $415 in 2010–11, before declining to $379 in 2016–17 (all in constant 2018–19 dollars).\n\nState and local role in education funding \nAccording to the US Department of Education, the Federal Government contributes about 8% to funding US public schools. To fund the remaining balance per student in the public education System, state and local governments are mandated to allocate money towards education. The state allocates a percentage of its revenue, from sales and income tax, to use towards education. The funds that are set aside for education are determined by the State constitutions, Propositions, and the incoming Government officials. According to the National Conference of state Legislatures, States provide structure, equality, fiscal accountability, stability and support to the public education systems per state. Each state varies the level of support that the schools receive with the implementation of legislation.\n\nThe Local government allocates education funding from the revenue generated by property tax and other fundraising efforts. Local officials have the ability to influence the rate of change of property taxes that are used to fund local expenditures, including education.\n\nDue to the varied levels of income throughout states and within local communities, education funding suffers from inequalities where some communities have excessive funding and others are lacking important resources to support students. According to the research on Equity and Adequacy in School Funding, “much of the current litigation and legislative activity in education funding seeks to assure “adequacy”, that is, a sufficient level of funding to deliver an adequate education to every student in the state.” There are key factors in which states receive more funding, teacher salaries, employee benefits, cost of living, class sizes, and demographics. For example, Utah has the lowest state funding due to their demographics, and the fact that the state of Utah can not afford to let the average costs rise due to its immense young demographic, which is one in five residents attend public school. New York, on the other hand, has the highest ranking expenditures, twenty thousand per student including teacher salaries, and the cost of living, which is significantly higher than other states.\n\nEducational resource inequality \n\nBecause income and tax revenue varies so widely from district to district, the current school funding model has led to a huge disparity in the funding that schools in different parts of a single state receive. Primarily, schools in affluent areas receive more funding as compared to those located in low-income areas. Overall, this model presents a challenge to schools situated in low-income areas because performance measures can be tied to this funding approach. Low-income areas have comparatively lower property and income taxes hence affecting the funding of the schools. Poor school performance in low-income areas has a direct causal relationship with the low income and property taxes hence the need for a change in the approach to funding. A solution to the identified problem is to distribute wealth evenly to allow better funding models for public schools. Derisma (2013) claimed that “using state taxes to fund public education has the potential to create funding insecurities. To begin, state tax revenues are largely generated from income and sales taxes. Income and sales tax revenue are not stable sources and have the propensity to drop in times of recession” (p. 122). The claim shows that funding insecurities in low-income areas are likely to inconvenience those living in those areas and children in school face the same issue.\n\nOn average, 8% of revenues are federal, 47% from the state, and 45% locally sourced. Since 2008, states have reduced their school funding from taxes by 12%, the most pronounced drop on record. The majority of targeted school funding reforms have been in response to court orders, often due to lawsuits. Despite some efforts to improve school funding, 60% of schools report that their facilities need repair.\n\nSchool funding in the United States is unequal. Twenty-three states send more funding to their wealthiest districts; Pennsylvania sends 33% less to their high-poverty districts. Only 1/5th of states spend more money on their neediest schools, half as many as did in 2008. Despite receiving more money from the federal government, the majority of districts with Title 1 schools see unequal funding for staff and even less money for non-staff costs. Minority students are disproportionately impacted as white students attend low-income schools 18% of the time versus 60% of the time for black and Hispanic students. At the same time as funding levels have dropped and remained inequitable, the number of school fundraising organizations, such as Parent Teacher Associations, have risen by 230%, form 990 filings required for revenues above $25,000 have increased by 300%, and total revenues have increased by 347.7% to 880 million and low-poverty school districts receive a much greater level of these voluntary donations.\n\nInadequate school funding has a disproportionate impact on low-income students and high-poverty schools. 14% of 4th graders at poor schools were at or above proficient in reading and 17% at math while in low poverty schools, more than twice as many were at proficiency or above in reading and 60% were for math. Additionally, graduation rates for high poverty schools are 68% compared to 91% for other schools, then the rate of college attendance is 28% versus 52%. Low-income children are a full year behind by 14, and the total achievement gap between the richest and poorest 10% has grown by 30-40% in 25 years.\n\nIncreasing school revenues by 10% would lead to an average of more years of education completed, future wage earnings increasing by 7.25%, and 3.67% less future poverty each year. For low-income students the impacts would be even greater as the amount of education completed increases almost twice as much and the future impacts include 9.5% higher adult wages and 6.8% lower poverty rates. A 25% increase in school funding would result in a complete elimination of the achievement gap between low and high income students. Raising teacher pay not only results in a better overall quality and effectiveness of teachers, but also reduces the high school dropout rate.\n\nReferences \n\nEducation finance in the United States", "Walker Valley High School (WVHS) is a public high school in the Bradley County Schools system located in the northern part of Bradley County, Tennessee near Charleston. The school serves about 1,600 students in grades 9–12.\n\nThe school's mascot is the mustang and its school colors are blue and gold. Walker Valley has been in existence since 2001, and maintains rivalries with Cleveland High School and Bradley Central High School. The current principal is Mrs. Candice Belt.\n\nHistory\nCharleston High School was the first public high school in Bradley County. Located in Charleston, it opened its doors on September 18, 1913, and was expanded to include grades 1 through 8 in 1926. These later became known as Charleston Junior High School and Charleston Elementary School, and the entire school was called Charleston School. Due to increasing enrollment, deteriorating facilities, and the inability to expand the school, the need for a new school arose.\n\nThe land on State Route 308 was purchased in 1982 for the purpose of building a new school, however it took the Bradley County Commission 16 more years to secure funding to begin building. This was part of a master plan for the county schools that began in 1995 and continues to this day. The groundbreaking for the school occurred in May 1999, and construction began in June of that year, with a completion date set for June 2001. Community Tectonics of Knoxville, Tennessee was the architect for the project while the construction's management was under the oversight of H & M Construction from Jackson, Tennessee. Prior to construction of the project, committees from the schools in Bradley County and community members were formed to help with the design of the school. All teachers involved in secondary education had the opportunity to provide input into the design of the school.\n\nAfter funding was secured, the process of naming the school began through a community panel. The panel narrowed the names down to three: Hiwassee River High School, River Valley High School and Walker Valley High School. They decided to go with the latter in honor of Chief Jack Walker, a leader of the Cherokee Nation who lived in the valley in the early 19th century, in addition to the fact that the name \"reflects the heritage of the area\". After Walker Valley opened, Charleston Junior High School was merged with Bradley Junior High School in Cleveland in 2001, and that same year, the name was changed to Ocoee Middle School. Charleston Elementary School still exists at the location.\n\nAthletics\n\nWalker Valley competes in the Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association (TSSAA). Its sports are:\nBaseball\nBasketball\nBowling (Girls state champs 2005)\nFootball\nGolf\nSoftball (State Tournaments- 2004 (Final 4), 2005 (Runner-Up), 2018 (Runner-Up)\nSoccer\nTennis\nTrack and Field (Boys state champs 2011, Girls state champs 2005)\nWrestling (State champs 2013, 2016)\n\nDemographics\nDuring the 2016-17 school year, Walker Valley High School enrolled 1,450 students, 50.07% of whom were male and 49.93% of whom were female. The racial and ethnic makeup of the student body was 90.97% Non-Hispanic White, 4.48% Hispanic or Latino (of any race), 2.28% Black, 0.97% Asian, 0.90% Multiracial, 0.28% Pacific Islander, and 0.14% Native American.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \nWalker Valley High School website\n\nEducational institutions established in 2001\nPublic high schools in Tennessee\nBradley County Schools\n2001 establishments in Tennessee\nCharleston, Tennessee" ]

[ "Scott Walker (politician)", "Education", "Has Walker increased public school funding?", "he proposed a two-year extension of the freeze based on expected cash balances for" ]

[ "The Oregon State Board of Higher Education was the statutory governing board for the Oregon University System from 1929 to 2015. The board was composed of eleven members appointed by the Governor of Oregon and confirmed by the Oregon State Senate. Nine members were appointed for four year terms; two members were students and appointed for two year terms.\n\nHistory \nThe board was established in 1929 when the Oregon Legislature passed chapter 251, Oregon Laws 1929, that unified the state's public universities under the auspices of the newly created Department of Higher Education. Part of that law abolished each public school's board of regents and created a nine-member State Board of Higher Education. Becky Johnson, the first person whose appointment to a state Commission was subject to Senate approval, served on the Board from 1962 - 1975.\n\nFormer Governor of Oregon Neil Goldschmidt was appointed and selected as the board's president in January 2004, but the Senate confirmation process that approved his appointment also led to revelations of a decades-old sex scandal. Goldschmidt resigned from the board three months after his appointment. Governor Ted Kulongoski took the unusual step of assuming the board presidency following Goldschmidt's resignation.\n\nThe most recent addition to the Board was Jim Francesconi, former Portland City Councillor and mayoral candidate. He was confirmed by a vote of 28-1 in February, 2007, with Senator Vicki Walker casting the sole \"no\" vote, and Senator Rick Metsger absent.\n\nBoth the Oregon State Board of Higher Education and the Oregon University System closed permanently on June 30, 2015. Most of the authorizations and programs of those two agencies were assumed by the Oregon Higher Education Coordinating Commission, which was formed in 2011 and expanded by the legislature in 2013 when independent boards were established for the University of Oregon, Oregon State University, and Portland State University.\n\nSee also\n\n Oregon Office of Degree Authorization\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Oregon State Board of Higher Education (official website)\n\nPublic education in Oregon\nGovernment of Oregon\n1929 establishments in Oregon\n2015 disestablishments in Oregon", "Inscape Education Group (previously Inscape Design College), is a higher education institution which offers contact learning located at campuses in Cape Town, Durban, Pretoria and Johannesburg in South Africa. The institution also offers distance learning through an online platform. In 2018, the Inscape expanded its operations to the United Arab Emirates, establishing a campus in Dubai. It registered with the Department of Higher Education and Training as a private higher education institution under the Higher Education Act of 1997.\n\nRanking\n\nSee also\nInscape (visual art)\nInscape\n\nExternal links\nOfficial Site\n\nHigher education in South Africa\nEducational institutions established in 1981\nDesign schools\n1981 establishments in South Africa" ]

[ "Scott Walker (politician)", "Education", "Has Walker increased public school funding?", "he proposed a two-year extension of the freeze based on expected cash balances for", "Has walker expanded higher education?", "called for a 13% reduction in state funding for the university system." ]

[ "Transitional kindergarten (abbreviated TK) is a school grade that serves as a bridge between preschool and kindergarten, to provide students with time to develop fundamental skills needed for success in school in a setting that is appropriate to the student's age and development. It is not called preschool because it generally comes after preschool and before kindergarten.\n\nA particular school's bridge program may use a different name. Some programs bridge between kindergarten and first grade.\n\nImplementation in California\n\nIn California, the grade was created by the Kindergarten Readiness Act (SB 1381), which was authored by Senator Joseph Simitian and Senate President pro Tem Darrell Steinberg, and signed into law in 2010 by Gov. Schwarzenegger. The act also changed California's relatively late kindergarten entry date from December 2 to September 1, so that around 95% of children will have reached five years of age on the first day of kindergarten (any time in mid/late August), and those few that haven't yet would complete the fifth year at least soon after the first day. A child is automatically eligible for transitional kindergarten if the child will turn five between September 2 and December 2. Parents of children who turn five on December 3 or later may petition the school district to have their child admitted into transitional kindergarten, because they will still start regular kindergarten with the same batch of children who attend regular preschool instead (December 3 - September 1). However, by law, parents may not petition the school district to have their child admitted to regular kindergarten if the child is born on September 2 or later.\n\nTransitional kindergarten is a part of the public school system and is free for families. Classes are taught by credentialed teachers from the K–12 system. Existing funding for these children with fall birthdays that would have been eligible for kindergarten under the old kindergarten entry dates is redirected to transitional kindergarten and used to employ existing teachers and classroom facilities.\n\nThe law phases in the new age requirement by moving the cutoff date one month a year for three years, beginning in the fall of 2012. In the fall of 2014, at full implementation, approximately 125,000 children – including more than 52,000 English language learners and about 79,000 who attend Title I schools – will benefit from transitional kindergarten.\n\nAIR, the American Institutes for Research, recently released a report on the first year of statewide TK, which finds that 89% of districts reported they offered transitional kindergarten, representing 96% of the state's kindergarten population. An estimated 39,000 four-year-olds were served in the first year of implementation.\n\nSee also\n Pre-kindergarten\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nTKCalifornia.org, a project by Early Edge California providing support and tips for teaching and administering high-quality TK\nTransitional Kindergarten FAQs from California Department of Education\nTK resource sheet on webinars and TKCalifornia.org\nEarly Edge California's Kindergarten Readiness Page\nQuotes about TK from parents, business leaders, community leaders, teachers and more\n\nEarly childhood education\nKindergarten", "Pre-kindergarten (also called Pre-K or PK) is a voluntary classroom-based preschool program for children below the age of five in the United States, Canada, Turkey and Greece (when kindergarten starts). It may be delivered through a preschool or within a reception year in elementary school. Pre-kindergartens play an important role in early childhood education. They have existed in the US since 1922, normally run by private organizations. The U.S. Head Start program, the country's first federally funded pre-kindergarten program, was founded in 1967. This attempts to prepare children (especially disadvantaged children) to succeed in school.\n\nPre-kindergartens differentiate themselves from other child care by equally focusing on building a child's social development, physical development, emotional development, and cognitive development. They commonly follow a set of organization-created teaching standards in shaping curriculum and instructional activities and goals. The term \"preschool\" more accurately approximates the name \"pre-kindergarten\", for both focus on harvesting the same four child development areas in subject-directed fashion. The term \"preschool\" often refers to such schools that are owned and operated as private or parochial schools. Pre-kindergartens refer to such school classrooms that function within a public school under the supervision of a public school administrator and funded completely by state or federally allocated funds, and private donations.\n\nUnited States \nThe National Center for Education Statistics reports that the percentage of U.S. three-, four-, and five-year-olds enrolled in pre-primary programs (including kindergarten and preschool programs) has stayed roughly stable from 2000 to 2017. U.S. participation rates in 2017 were 40% for three-year-olds, 68% for four-year-olds, and 86% for five-year-olds.\n\nAs of 2016–17, a total of 44 states, plus the District of Columbia, provide at least some state funding for pre-K programs. Nine states (Colorado, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Oklahoma, Texas, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin) plus D.C. include pre-K funding in their school funding formulas. Conversely, as of 2016-17, six states (Idaho, Montana, New Hampshire, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Wyoming) provide no state funding for pre-K.\n\nIn 2013, Alabama, Michigan, Minnesota, and the city of San Antonio, Texas, enacted or expanded pre-K programs. In New York City, Mayor Bill de Blasio was elected on a pledge of Pre-K for all city children. A poll conducted in 2014 for an early education nonprofit advocate found that 60 percent of registered Republicans and 84 percent of Democrats supported expanding public preschool by raising the federal tobacco tax.\n\nFunding for Pre-K has proven a substantial obstacle for creating and expanding programs. The issue produced multiple approaches. Several governors and mayors targeted existing budgets. San Antonio increased sales taxes, while Virginia and Maine look to gambling. In Oregon, currently 20% of kids have access to publicly funded Pre-K of any kind, and a 2016 campaign is working to fully fund Pre-K to 12 education, for all kids whose parents want them to have the option of Pre-K.\n\nA 2012 review by the National Institute for Early Education Research at Rutgers University identified Oklahoma, Georgia and West Virginia as among the leaders in public program quality and fraction of enrolled children. Florida had the highest enrollment in 2012 — almost four-fifths of all four-year-olds. About 84 percent were in private, religion-based or family centers. That state's preschool programs did not fare well on quality measures. Other states with more than 50 percent enrollment included Wisconsin, Iowa, Texas and Vermont.\n\nIn 2002, Florida voters enacted a state constitutional amendment requiring that the state establish a free voluntary pre-kindergarten (VPK) program for all four-year-old children by fall 2005. Florida's program is the largest state-level preschool program in the nation. It is universal, meaning that all children are eligible so long as they meet the age and residency requirement. In the 2013-14 school year, 80% of VPK programs were housed at private centers, 18% were housed at public schools, 1% were housed at family daycares, and 1% were housed at private schools. The program resulted in an increase in pre-k participation, which was about 80% in 2014. The program has suffered a decline in funding; in 2019, the Orlando Sentinel editorial board wrote that the Florida Legislature \"has neglected the pre-K program almost since it was approved by voters.\"\n\nImpact \nA 2018 study in the Journal of Public Economics found in Italy that pre-kindergarten \"increased mothers' participation in the labor market and lowered the reservation wage of the unemployed, thus increasing their likelihood of finding a job\" but \"did not affect children's cognitive development, irrespective of their family background.\" A randomized control found that children randomly assigned to undertake full-day pre-K had substantially greater outcomes in cognition, literacy, math, and physical development, at the end of pre-K, than their peers who were randomly assigned to undertake half-day pre-K. A longitudinal randomized control study of 2,990 low-income children in Tennessee found that \"children randomly assigned to attend pre-K had lower state achievement test scores in third through sixth grades than control children, with the strongest negative effects in sixth grade. A negative effect was also found for disciplinary infractions, attendance, and receipt of special education services, with null effects on retention.\"\n\nThe Perry Preschool Project was a study on the impact of pre-kindergarten programs on outcomes for disadvantaged youth. The availability of high-quality pre-kindergarten education was found to have a statistically significant association with higher high school graduation rates, lower crime rates, lower teen pregnancy rates, and better economic outcomes in adulthood.\n\nChildren of immigrants \n\nThe US Census Bureau forecast that the foreign-born population in the United States would make up 19% of the US population by 2060 (up from 13% in 2014). Children of immigrant families face special challenges.\n\nCultural values and childcare options \nChildren of immigrants represent the fastest growing US population. Asians and Latinos are the two largest racial groups. Like all families, immigrants have choices when pursuing childcare options. Cultural differences shape childcare choices, such as attitudes towards early academic development. These differences help explain certain irregular childcare options. Compared to Latino immigrant groups, Asians are more likely than Latinos to enroll their children in pre-kindergarten programs due to the inclusion of academics. The focus of pre-academic, school readiness is important to Asian parents. Latino immigrant parents by contrast generally opt for more informal childcare options, such as parental, relative or non-relative in-home care. This is due in part to the opinion that academic skills are to be taught through formal instruction after children enter primary school. While Latino families value the acquisition of academic skills, the in-home childcare choice is a reflection of the importance of cultural and linguistic values and traditional family dynamics. Parents with limited English proficiency are more likely to choose parental or in-home care instead of pre-kindergarten programs.\n\nBarriers \nAccording to information from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), low-income immigrant families are less likely to use center-based childcare, such as pre-kindergarten, than children of non-immigrants. While some Latino families prefer in-home childcare, many report wanting to enroll their children in a pre-kindergarten program. Interviews with immigrant mothers revealed common motivations for seeking pre-kindergarten placements for their children, including maternal employment, opportunity to learn English and social and emotional development. Obstacles immigrant mothers reported facing included high cost, long wait-lists, a need to provide documentation (especially for illegal aliens and those who lacked English-language proficiency) and a lack of information regarding eligibility for subsidized programs. On average, immigrants tend to experience higher poverty rates due to low wages, less education and a lack of English proficiency.\n\nBenefits \nWhile many children benefit from pre-kindergarten and early childhood education, immigrant children, particularly those from lower socio-economic households, stand to benefit the most. Studies indicate that first and second generation immigrants lag behind children of non-immigrant families in cognitive and language skills. Pre-K's focus on cognitive, social, emotional and physical development would address these skills and reduce the inequalities in school readiness between children from immigrant and non-immigrant families. Educators must be sensitive to sensitivities of immigrant groups regarding the acquisition of the English language versus their native-language. Pre-K could help children build either or both skills. For most US students, English fluency is essential.\n\nSee also \n Balwadi\n Forest kindergarten\n Transitional kindergarten\n Pre-school playgroup—a related type of establishment found in the United Kingdom\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Child Care & Early Education Research Connections\n\nChildhood\nEarly childhood education in the United States\nEarly childhood education\nEducational stages\nEducational years\nSchool types\nKindergarten" ]

[ "Scott Walker (politician)", "Education", "Has Walker increased public school funding?", "he proposed a two-year extension of the freeze based on expected cash balances for", "Has walker expanded higher education?", "called for a 13% reduction in state funding for the university system.", "What is Walker's position on preschool or pre-Kindergarten?", "evaluation of the reading skills of kindergartners as part of an initiative to ensure that students are reading at or above grade level by 3rd grade." ]

[ "How Does It Feel may refer to:\n\nMusic\n\nAlbums\n How Does It Feel, a 1999 album by Nancy Sinatra\n How Does It Feel (MS MR album), a 2015 album by MS MR\n\nSongs\n \"How Does It Feel\" (Anita Baker song)\n \"How Does It Feel\" (Slade song)\n \"How Does It Feel (to be the mother of 1000 dead)?\", a controversial song by Crass\n \"How Does It Feel\", a song by Avril Lavigne from Under My Skin\n \"How Does It Feel\", a song by Candlebox from Into the Sun\n \"How Does It Feel\", a song by Keri Hilson from In a Perfect World...\n \"How Does It Feel\", a song by London Grammar from Californian Soil\n \"How Does It Feel\", a song by Men Without Hats from No Hats Beyond This Point\n \"How Does It Feel\", a song by M-22\n \"How Does It Feel?\", a song by Pharrell Williams from In My Mind\n \"How Does It Feel?\", a song by The Ronettes from Presenting the Fabulous Ronettes Featuring Veronica\n \"How Does It Feel\", a song by Toto from Isolation\n \"How Does It Feel\", a song by Westlife from Unbreakable – The Greatest Hits Vol. 1\n \"Untitled (How Does It Feel)\", a song by D'Angelo from Voodoo\n \"Like a Rolling Stone\", song by Bob Dylan from Highway 61 Revisited, best known for the line \"How does it feel?\"\n \"Blue Monday\" (New Order song), a song whose first line is \"How does it feel\"", "Algiers Charter Schools Association (ACSA) is a charter management organization in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. It operates eight charter schools.\n\nAfter Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, several schools in the Algiers area were transferred from the New Orleans Public Schools to the ACSA.\n\nThe Association partners with the COOL Cooperative, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, to provide after school, weekend, and summer programs. The programs provide academic support, community service opportunities, professional mentorship, and film-industry standard training and workforce development.\n\nSchools \n\nThe schools operated by the Algiers Charter Schools Association are:\n Martin Behrman Charter Academy of Creative Arts (PK-8)\n William J. Fischer Accelerated Academy (PK-8)\n Harriet R. Tubman Charter School of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (PK-8)\n Algiers Technology Academy (9-12)\n Landry-Walker High School (9-12)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n Algiers Charter Schools Association\n EducateNow! website\n\nEducation in New Orleans\nCharter management organizations" ]

[ "Scott Walker (politician)", "Education", "Has Walker increased public school funding?", "he proposed a two-year extension of the freeze based on expected cash balances for", "Has walker expanded higher education?", "called for a 13% reduction in state funding for the university system.", "What is Walker's position on preschool or pre-Kindergarten?", "evaluation of the reading skills of kindergartners as part of an initiative to ensure that students are reading at or above grade level by 3rd grade.", "How does walker feel about charter schools?", "I don't know." ]

[ "George H. Walker (October 22, 1811September 20, 1866) was an American trader and politician who helped found the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He served as the 5th and 7th Mayor of Milwaukee, and represented Milwaukee in the Wisconsin State Assembly and its predecessor body in the Wisconsin Territory.\n\nHis younger brother, Isaac P. Walker, was one of the first two men elected to the United States Senate from Wisconsin.\n\nBackground\nWalker was born in Lynchburg, Virginia, and moved with his family to Illinois in 1825. The fur trade brought him to the vicinity of the Milwaukee River in 1833, and, on March 20, 1834, he established himself on the south bank of the river. In June 1835, he founded the settlement of Walker's Point and established a fur trading post. In 1846, Walker's settlement combined with two rival villages - Solomon Juneau's Juneautown (present-day East Town) and Byron Kilbourn's Kilbourntown (present-day Westown) - to incorporate the City of Milwaukee.\n\nLand that belonged to Walker is now part of the Walker's Point Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.\n\nPublic office \nIn 1835, those parts of Michigan Territory who were not set to become part of the new State of Michigan were invited to elect members to a seventh and last Michigan Territorial Council (the so-called \"Rump Council\"). Walker was elected from Milwaukee County, but was one of the four (out of thirteen) who did not attend the \"Rump Council\" when it met (briefly) in January 1836.\n\nWalker served in the first three sessions of the 4th Legislative Assembly of the Wisconsin Territory, serving from 1842-1845, and was speaker for the 2nd and 3rd sessions. He was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1850, serving in the 3rd Wisconsin Legislature. Walker also served as the city's supervisor, register of the land office, alderman, and as mayor in 1851 and 1853. He was one of the builders of the city's first street car line in 1859, and was invested in the Milwaukee and Mississippi Railroad, the Milwaukee and Watertown Railroad, and the La Crosse and Milwaukee Railroad.\n\nElectoral history\n\n| colspan=\"6\" style=\"text-align:center;background-color: #e9e9e9;\"| General Election\n\nFamily life\nWalker's younger brother, Isaac P. Walker, was a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, serving from 1848 to 1855.\n\nHe died on September 20, 1866, and is buried at Forest Home Cemetery in Milwaukee.\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\n \"Jovial George Walker\". (Mar. 15, 1934). Milwaukee Journal.\n\nExternal links\n \n George H. Walker portrait at Wisconsin Historical Society\n \n\n|-\n\n1811 births\n1866 deaths\nMembers of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature\nMembers of the Wisconsin State Assembly\nMilwaukee City Council members\nMayors of Milwaukee\nPeople from Illinois\nPoliticians from Lynchburg, Virginia\nAmerican city founders\n19th-century American politicians\n19th-century American businesspeople", "Lyman Walker (May 30, 1799 – October 16, 1886) was an American politician and lawyer.\n\nBorn in Tully, New York, Walker was a lawyer. He served as Tully town supervisor from 1834 to 1836 and as deputy sheriff for Onondaga County, New York from 1828 to 1834. Walker served as postmaster in Cochranton, Ohio and Milan, Ohio under Presidents Franklin Pierce and James Polk. In 1855, Walker moved to Anhapee, Kewaunee County, Wisconsin. Walker served as district attorney for Kewaunee County for eighteen years and was a Democrat. In 1865, Walker served in the Wisconsin State Assembly. He then served in the Wisconsin State Senate in 1870 and 1871. Walker died in Casco, Wisconsin.\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links\n\n1799 births\n1886 deaths\nPeople from Ahnapee, Wisconsin\nPeople from Tully, New York\nNew York (state) lawyers\nTown supervisors in New York (state)\nDistrict attorneys in Wisconsin\nWisconsin Democrats\nMembers of the Wisconsin State Assembly\nWisconsin state senators\n19th-century American politicians\n19th-century American lawyers\nOhio postmasters" ]

[ "Scott Walker (politician)", "Education", "Has Walker increased public school funding?", "he proposed a two-year extension of the freeze based on expected cash balances for", "Has walker expanded higher education?", "called for a 13% reduction in state funding for the university system.", "What is Walker's position on preschool or pre-Kindergarten?", "evaluation of the reading skills of kindergartners as part of an initiative to ensure that students are reading at or above grade level by 3rd grade.", "How does walker feel about charter schools?", "I don't know.", "Did Walker attend college in Wisconsin?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Trade unions in Norway first emerged with the efforts of Marcus Thrane and the formation of the Drammen Labour Union in 1848 which organised agricultural workers and crofters. However, with Thrane's imprisonment and the suppression of the union in 1855, it was not until 1872 before a union was founded again, by print workers. In 1899 the first national federation, the LO, was founded. During this period interactions with trade unions in Denmark and Sweden played a great influence over the development of trade unions in Norway.\n\nIn Norway today around half of all workers are trade union members and almost three-quarters of all workers are covered by collective agreements. There are four confederations with affiliated members: Confederation of Unions for Professionals, Confederation of Vocational Unions, Federation of Norwegian Professional Associations, Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions.\n\nReferences\n\n \nEconomy of Norway", "The Trinidad and Tobago Unified Teachers Association is a trade union in Trinidad and Tobago and is the representative organisation for teachers who are employed in the public education sector. Its membership approximates 10,800 teachers in active service and 1,200 retiree members. TTUTA's Head Office is in Curepe and it has other offices in San Fernando and Tobago with a further six District Offices.\n\nHistory\n\nIn 1978 teachers were represented by four unions: de Public Services Association (PSA), led by James Manswell, the Tobago Unified Teachers Association (TUTA), the Trinidad and Tobago Teachers’ Union, (TTTU), whose leader was St. Elmo Gopaul; and the Secondary School Teachers Association (SSTA) headed by Osmond Downer and which represented teachers in the so-called “prestige” schools in the country. The three Trinidad unions were all recognized by the Education Act No. 1 of 1966 as the representative unions for teachers.\n\nTeacher dissatisfaction with representation by the four Trinidad unions had grown in the 1970s. There was the view that adversarial relations between the three units had severely hampered Industrial Relations in the Teaching Service. As early as 1966 there was a struggle between two of the three unions to be the sole representative for any class of, or classes of teachers. The Special Tribunal No. 10 of 1974, which stated that any one of the three unions could represent any class or classes of teachers decided this issue. This resulted in rapid changes of membership among teachers. However, not one of these unions emerged as the majority union.\n\nThe implications of teacher representation by four unions had several serious consequences. Any issue raised by one union with the Chief Personnel Officer (CPO) had to be discussed with each union separately. This resulted in the presentation of conflicting arguments to the CPO and his advisor's by the different unions, a situation which acted to the disadvantage of teachers. Additionally, negotiations were often lengthy with a consequently longer period for settlement. The relationship between the three unions was thus described as one involving a great deal of “inter-union rivalry and fragmentation” which was seen as “the biggest disadvantage when negotiating a collective agreement,”.\n\nTeacher Professionalism\nMr. Frank B. Seepersad, the first General Secretary of TTUTA, noted that fragmentation of the unions had caused them to pay little attention to advancing the cause of teacher professionalism. Two existing committees, the Appeals Committee and the Assessment of Qualifications Committee were not being closely monitored. The unions were paying little attention to issues, for example, like in-service training for teachers and refresher courses. Also, the unions were not pressing for much needed changes to the syllabuses of both the primary and secondary schools.\n\nThis failure to adequately address teachers’ issues resulted in irrational promotions and transfers, non-recognition of extra qualifications, and the absence of a clear policy on study leave, staff shortages and late staffing. Seepersad observed that the unions were using teachers as “pawns in a power play”, and not seriously addressing those issues which were vital to teachers professional development and to education.\n\nNegotiating problems\nIn 1971 the problems over negotiations continued with the PSA refusing to sit in joint negotiations with what they described as \"minority unions\". As a result, the salaries issue was referred to the Special Tribunal and teachers had to wait almost nine years for a settlement of this issue.\n\nIn 1974, the Special Tribunal called for joint negotiations through a joint negotiations committee but again the PSA refused to join in the process. There was an additional problem in that, in 1971, the PSA, which usually went in first in negotiations, signed a four-contract contrary to the usual procedure as three-year contracts. This contributed to an exodus of teachers from the PSA.\n\nCommittee for the Unification of Teachers\nAs the decade came to a close, dissatisfaction came to a head in 1979 and on March 31, 1979 approximately 150 teachers gathered at the Mt. Hope Junior Secondary School, headed by Frank B Seepersad, who was a teacher there, to discuss the unsatisfactory state of the teaching profession, and the meeting adopted a resolution seeking to ensure one autonomous body for teachers. A decision was also arrived at to establish a steering Committee of 22 to oversee the formation of one union for all teachers. Volunteers were sought to serve on this committee - the Committee for the Unification of Teachers (COMFUT)\n\nAnother mass meeting of May 5, 1979 at the Mucurapo Senior Secondary School, adopted a resolution to have COMFUT seek legal advice as to how it should proceed towards its goal of establishing a “…single autonomous professional organisation of teachers, where every individual teacher has a say in policy-determining decisions of the organisation through proper representation in the management of the organisation.”\n\nThe Unification Committee drew up an action plan which included:\n\n Stirring up teacher participation by using several publicity techniques, bumper stickers, buttons, rallies and public meetings;\n Seeking and obtaining about 9,000 signatures to the call for a single union for teachers, and an amendment of the Education Act (Act 1 of 1966) to facilitate teacher representation by a single majority union;\n Seeking the resignation of the Officers of the existing unions so as to make room for a single union;\n Fund raising activities.\n\nIncluded in the campaign was the demand for an amendment of the Education Act to ensure that one union, the majority union would be recognised as the bargaining body for teachers. Ten thousand (10,000) teachers’ signatures were needed to ensure recognition as the majority union\n\nUnity and recognition\nThe period from March 1979 to December 1981, when TTUTA was finally recognised by the Registration, Recognition and Certification Board, was one of relentless struggle with the authorities in support of the cause for one union for all teachers. Thousands of teachers marched around the Red House and through the streets demanding that there be one umbrella body for all teachers.\n\nOn April 24, 1980 TTUTA was registered as a Trade Union. It is worth noting that TTUTA got its name from adding the word 'Trinidad' to the 'Tobago Unified Teachers Association' thus resulting in the Trinidad and Tobago Unified Teachers Association. In March 1981, the state presented a draft revision of the Education Act 1966, which allowed TTUTA to be recognised as a union for teachers, alongside the three other teachers unions in the country.\n\nThis proposal was strongly rejected at a mass meeting of members of the Association in March 1981. Under continued pressure from the mass of teachers the government conceded and the Education Act 1966 was amended to give TTUTA full recognition as the majority union for teachers. The Registration, Recognition and Certification Board accorded official recognition of the Association in December 1981.\n\nAffiliations\nTTUTA is affiliated to Caribbean Union of Teachers (CUT) and the Education International (EI), the International federation of teacher associations and trade unions. The Union was affiliated to NATUC until the split which resulted in the formation of FITUN. It is not currently affiliated to any national trade union centre.\n\nAssociate Members\nMembers of the following organisations are associate members of TTUTA:\n\n National Primary Schools’ Principals Association (NAPSPA)\n Association of Principals of Public Secondary Schools (APPSS)\n Agriculture Science Teachers’ Association (AGRISTA)\n Geography Association of Trinidad and Tobago.\n\nSee also\n\n List of trade unions\n\nExternal links\n Caribbean Union of Teachers\n Education International\n\nTrade unions in Trinidad and Tobago\nEducation-related professional associations\nEducation trade unions\nTeaching in Trinidad and Tobago" ]

[ "Musical ensemble", "Five parts" ]

[ "\"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" is the title of a number-one R&B single by singer Tevin Campbell. To date, the single is Campbell's biggest hit peaking at number 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 and spending one week at number-one on the US R&B chart. The hit song is also Tevin's one and only Adult Contemporary hit, where it peaked at number 43. The song showcases Campbell's four-octave vocal range from a low note of E2 to a D#6 during the bridge of the song.\n\nTrack listings\nUS 7\" vinyl\nA \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (edit) – 4:16\t\nB \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (instrumental) – 5:00\n\n12\" vinyl\nA \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (edit) – 4:16\t\nB \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (album version) – 5:02\n\nUK CD\n \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" – 4:16\n \"Goodbye\" (7\" Remix Edit) – 3:48\n \"Goodbye\" (Sidub and Listen) – 4:58\n \"Goodbye\" (Tevin's Dub Pt 1 & 2) – 6:53\n\nJapan CD\n \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" – 4:10\n \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (instrumental version) – 4:10\n\nGermany CD\n \"Tell Me What You Want Me to Do\" (edit) – 4:10\n \"Just Ask Me\" (featuring Chubb Rock) – 4:07\n \"Tomorrow\" (A Better You, Better Me) – 4:46\n\nCharts\n\nWeekly charts\n\nYear-end charts\n\nSee also\nList of number-one R&B singles of 1992 (U.S.)\n\nReferences\n\nTevin Campbell songs\n1991 singles\n1991 songs\nSongs written by Tevin Campbell\nSongs written by Narada Michael Walden\nSong recordings produced by Narada Michael Walden\nWarner Records singles\nContemporary R&B ballads\nPop ballads\nSoul ballads\n1990s ballads", "\"Tell Me What You Want\" is the fourth single by English R&B band Loose Ends from their first studio album, A Little Spice, and was released in February 1984 by Virgin Records. The single reached number 74 in the UK Singles Chart.\n\nTrack listing\n7” Single: VS658\n \"Tell Me What You Want) 3.35\n \"Tell Me What You Want (Dub Mix)\" 3.34\n\n12” Single: VS658-12\n \"Tell Me What You Want (Extended Version)\" 6.11\n \"Tell Me What You Want (Extended Dub Mix)\" 5.41\n\nU.S. only release - 12” Single: MCA23596 (released 1985)\n \"Tell Me What You Want (U.S. Extended Remix)\" 6.08 *\n \"Tell Me What You Want (U.S. Dub Version)\" 5.18\n\n* The U.S. Extended Remix version was released on CD on the U.S. Version of the 'A Little Spice' album (MCAD27141).\n\nThe Extended Version also featured on Side D of the limited gatefold sleeve version of 'Magic Touch'\n\nChart performance\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Tell Me What You Want at Discogs.\n\n1984 singles\nLoose Ends (band) songs\nSong recordings produced by Nick Martinelli\nSongs written by Carl McIntosh (musician)\nSongs written by Steve Nichol\n1984 songs\nVirgin Records singles" ]

[ "Musical ensemble", "Five parts", "what can you tell me about Five parts?", "Five-piece bands have existed in rock music since the development of the genre." ]

[ "Entail Act (with its variations) is a stock short title used in the United Kingdom for legislation relating to entails.\n\nList\nThe Entail (Scotland) Act 1914 (4 & 5 Geo 5 c 43)\n\nThe Entail Acts is the collective title of the following Acts:\nThe Entail Act 1685 (c 26) [12mo ed: c 22]\nThe Tenures Abolition Act 1746 (20 Geo 2 c 50 ss 14, 15, 16, 17)\nThe Sales to Crown Act 1746 (20 Geo 2 c 51 ss 2, 3)\nThe Entail Improvement Act 1770 (10 Geo 3 c 51)\nThe Entail Provisions Act 1824 (5 Geo 4 c 87)\nThe Entail Powers Act 1836 (6 & 7 Will 4 c 42)\nThe Entail Sites Act 1840 (3 & 4 Vict c 48)\nThe Entail Amendment Act 1848 (11 & 12 Vict c 36)\nThe Entail Amendment Act 1853 (16 & 17 Vict c 94)\nThe Entail Cottages Act 1860 (23 & 24 Vict c 95)\nThe Entail Amendment Act 1868 (31 & 32 Vict c 84)\nThe Entail Amendment Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict c 61)\nThe Entail Amendment Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict c 28)\nThe Roads and Bridges (Scotland) Act 1878 (41 & 42 Vict c 51 s 70)\nThe Roads Amendment Act 1880 (43 Vict c 7)\nThe Entail (Scotland) Act 1882 (45 & 46 Vict c 53)\n\nSee also\nList of short titles\n\nReferences\n\nLists of legislation by short title and collective title", "\"We Are Rockstars\" is the third single by Does It Offend You, Yeah? taken from the band's debut album You Have No Idea What You're Getting Yourself Into. It was the first song made entirely from synthesizers and music software from the band when it was a two-piece duo with James Rushent and Dan Coop. In 2007, the then-six piece band recorded parts for the song for their first album.\n\nIn 2009, electro house producers Cold Blank released a bootleg remix of We Are Rockstars.\n\nTrack listing\n \"We Are Rockstars\" (radio edit) - 2:58\n\nCharts\n\nAppearances in media\nFeatured in the trailer for the 2009 film Fast & Furious.\nFeatured in the soundtrack in the VW GTI Project online game.\nThe theme song for the Horne & Corden show.\nUsed in the game Saints Row 2.\nUsed in the game FIFA Street 3.\n\nPersonnel\n James Rushent – vocals, all instruments, production\n Dan Coop – all instruments, production\n\n2008 singles\n2008 songs\nVirgin Records singles" ]

[ "Musical ensemble", "Five parts", "what can you tell me about Five parts?", "Five-piece bands have existed in rock music since the development of the genre.", "what does a five piece band entail?", "examples of the common vocalist, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass, and drums" ]

[ "A tridecahedron is a polyhedron with thirteen faces. There are numerous topologically distinct forms of a tridecahedron, for example the dodecagonal pyramid and hendecagonal prism.\n\nConvex\nThere are 96,262,938 topologically distinct convex tridecahedra, excluding mirror images, having at least 9 vertices. (Two polyhedra are \"topologically distinct\" if they have intrinsically different arrangements of faces and vertices, such that it is impossible to distort one into the other simply by changing the lengths of edges or the angles between edges or faces.) There is a pseudo-space-filling tridecahedron that can fill all of 3-space together with its mirror-image.\n\nExamples \nThe following list gives examples of tridecahedra.\n Biaugmented pentagonal prism\n Gyroelongated square pyramid\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nSelf-dual tridecahedra\nWhat Are Polyhedra?, with Greek Numerical Prefixes\n\nPolyhedra", "This is a list of flags, arranged by design, serving as a navigational aid for identifying a given flag.\n\nSolid\n\nExamples:\n\nCharged\nWhile most charged flags are duotone or multicolor, they are referred to by their solid primary color foremost, with their charged symbol's color(s) and symbology following accordingly.\n\nExamples:\n\nBicolour\n\nExamples:\n\nTricolour and other tribands\n\nExamples:\n\nQuartered\n\nExamples:\n\nStripes\n\nExamples:\n\nBorder\n\nExamples:\n\nCanton\n\nExamples:\n\nShape\n\nCircle or sphere\n\nExamples:\n\nCrescent\n\nExamples:\n\nCross\n\nExamples:\n\nDiamond\n\nExamples:\n\nSpiral\nExamples:\n\nSquare\n\nExamples:\n\nStar\n\nExamples:\n\nSun\n\nTriangle\n\nExamples:\n\nLiving organism\n\nAnimal\n\nExamples:\n\nPerson or body part\n\nExamples:\n\nPlant\n\nExamples:\n\nObject\n\nAnchor, boat, or ship\n\nExamples:\n\nAstronomical object\n\nExamples:\n\nBook\n\nBuilding\n\nExamples:\n\nHeadgear\n\nExamples:\n\nFlag\n\nExamples:\n\nHill, mountain, or rock\n\nExamples:\n\nMap\n\nExamples:\n\nMachine, tool, or instrument\n\nExamples:\n\nShield or weapon\n\nExamples:\n\nInscription\n\nExamples:\n\nExternal links\nKeyword list at Flags of the World.\n\n Design" ]

[ "Musical ensemble", "Five parts", "what can you tell me about Five parts?", "Five-piece bands have existed in rock music since the development of the genre.", "what does a five piece band entail?", "examples of the common vocalist, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass, and drums", "what are other examples?", "Alternatives include a keyboardist, guitarist, drummer, bassist, and saxophonist," ]

[ "A sports riot is a riot that occurs during or after sporting events. Sports riots occur worldwide. Most riots are known to occur after the event is done, but some have been during the game (see football hooliganism.) Whilst football (soccer) is one of the more well-known triggers for riots, other sports which have triggered riots include ice hockey and motorcycle racing. There are a number of factors believed to influence whether riots occur, including cultural factors; environmental factors such as temperature, darkness, and noise; and witnessing player violence.\n\nExamples\n\nThe following are various examples of a sports riot:\n\nReferences\n\n \nRiots", "An enclosure castle is a fortified residence or stronghold, in which defence is facilitated by walls and towers. Such fortifications were usually composed of wood or stone, but there are later examples built of brick.\n\nFeatures\nIn enclosure castles without great towers or keeps, there would often be other buildings including, warden's houses, barracks, kitchens, stables, and chapels. Enclosure castles were commonly constructed in areas of conflict, particularly border regions, including along the England–Wales border. Some enclosure castles were constructed as newly formed ringworks, or were adapted from extant wooden motte-and-bailey structures.\n\nHistory\nThe first examples in England were constructed shortly after the Norman conquest, as strongholds for the occupiers. Their form developed in the 12th century as the military experience gained by the crusaders was introduced into their home residences. The majority of extant examples were built in the 13th century, though a few were built in the 14th century. They occur throughout England though more are located near the vulnerable channel ports in Kent and Sussex, and by Edward I along the Welsh borders.\n\nEnclosure castles were constructed from the reign of William I until at least the late 14th century with the construction of Bodiam Castle. The definition of an enclosure castle is debatable, and many would consider later structures designed principally for residence instead of war, including Thornbury Castle, built c. 1511, to be an enclosure castle.\n\nFurther examples\nOther examples of enclosure castles include Kenilworth Castle, Clitheroe Castle, and Ludlow Castle. Many in England are under the protection of English Heritage, which has counted 126 examples. There are several in Ireland also, for example King John's Castle, Carlingford.\n\nReferences\n\nCastle architecture" ]

[ "Musical ensemble", "Five parts", "what can you tell me about Five parts?", "Five-piece bands have existed in rock music since the development of the genre.", "what does a five piece band entail?", "examples of the common vocalist, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass, and drums", "what are other examples?", "Alternatives include a keyboardist, guitarist, drummer, bassist, and saxophonist,", "are there some more examples?", "The Sonics, The Dave Clark 5, and Sam the Sham" ]

[ "A fanfare orchestra (Dutch fanfareorkest, French harmonie-fanfare) is a type of brass band consisting of the entire saxophone family, trumpets, trombones, euphoniums, baritone horns, flugelhorns and alto/tenor- or F-horns, as well as percussion. They are seldom seen outside of Europe, with a high concentration of these bands in Belgium and the Netherlands, many of them civil bands with a few Dutch bands also serving the Armed forces of the Netherlands and its veterans.\n\nBands sporting similar instruments are also active in France, Luxembourg and in Germany, many of these German bands sporting fanfare band titles as several of them started up as these. Switzerland, Portugal, Lithuania and Norway have few such civil bands.\n\nIntroduction \nStarting in the 19th century, the adoption of the British brass band tradition in several countries in Europe as well as the enduring tradition of military bands made their way into the formation of the fanfare orchestra in the Low Countries. It is a type of brass band but with saxophones added, while also sporting extra brass instruments.\n\nThe civil fanfare orchestra exists not just to provide entertainment through music but also for the preservation of local musical traditions. As such the orchestra plays not just in concerts but also in civil events and celebrations.\n\nFanfare orchestras affiliated to the Dutch military also perform in events involving the armed services and military veterans in the Netherlands. The Fanfare Band of the Royal Netherlands Army Mounted Regiments \"Bereden Wapens\" () is the only professional fanfare orchestra in the world.\n\nThe German variant band, through, would or would not use saxophones depending on necessity. Few bands use drum and bugle corps instruments alongside the standard brass instruments.\n\nInstrumentation\n\nThe instrumentation of a fanfare orchestra is fairly similar to that of a British brass band but also includes trumpets rather than cornets and an additional complement of flugelhorns and saxophones. This combination of instruments gives the fanfare orchestra a sound that can be viewed as a halfway between that of a concert band and a brass band.\n\nIn a fanfare orchestra, the most numerous brass instrument is the flugelhorn. In these ensembles, flugelhorns act as cornets would in a British-style brass band. Flugelhorn parts in a fanfare orchestra are often far more demanding than flugelhorn parts in brass band, and due to the absence of cornets, flugelhorns have to play in a higher register than they would in a brass band. The saxophone parts are often doubled on flugelhorn parts, which is what gives the fanfare orchestra its characteristic dark sound, as opposed to the brighter sound of wind bands. Trumpets are the other instruments that provide the higher range in fanfare bands. Trumpets generally do not play as much of a role in the sound of the band as they would in other ensembles, such as wind bands. Cornets are also occasionally used, but this is rare. At the very top of the range there is usually a soprano cornet or a piccolo trumpet.\n\nIn the middle and lower ranges of the fanfare orchestra are French horns and occasionally tenor horns. Mellophones can also be used, but this is rare. Lower than the French horns are baritone horns and euphoniums, trombones, occasionally a bass trombone, and B flat and E flat tubas plus sousaphones and helicons. However, in the last couple of decades, the use of actual (British-style) baritone horns has been in severe decline, and the baritone parts are very frequently played on euphonium instead. This does not change the fact that the intended instrument to play the baritone parts is, still, a baritone horn. The instrumentation of a fanfare orchestra is virtually identical to that of a brass band, aside from the fact that there are saxophones in the fanfare band, namely baritone saxophones, alto saxophones, soprano saxophones and tenor saxophones as well (few bands even have a rare use of the bass saxophone). There is often an abundance of percussion players (from 4-6), using snare drums, bass drums, cymbals and glockenspiels (plus the optional tenor drum, including in German ensembles).\n\nSee also\n\n Marching band\n Brass band\n\nReferences\n\nTypes of musical groups", "New Big Band is a term used to refer to the revivalist movement of 21st Century Jazz artists who are bringing a new form of Big Band music that fuses elements of traditional swing bands of leaders like Duke Ellington and Count Basie whose popularity peaked from the 1930s through the 1950s with the more intense sounds produced by smaller groups of the Bop era of the 1950s and beyond. The distinction between big bands that survived the 1970s and several big bands that have had some success in different parts of the world is that the sporadic big bands between the fall of the Big Band era and 2000 have been more preservationist in nature. The New Big Band movement is developing a new original jazz literature of fresh compositions as well as modern reinterpretations of standards through new arrangements that conform to the new style being presented to the public.\n\nLive appearances of the bands is restricted usually to small clubs in New York and other large cities that make it financially viable to travel with a sizable band unit of 15-22 musicians playing up to 30 instruments. Saxophone section musicians play one or more additional instruments to cover the band's need for flute, clarinet, and bass clarinet in addition to soprano and baritone saxophone parts.\n\nJazz artists and band leaders like Christian McBride, Roy Hargrove, trombonist Wycliffe Gordon and Gordon Goodwin have assembled their own big band units. A surviving big band the Mingus Big Band has also capitalized on the revival.\n\nAwards\nNew Big Band has been well received. Roy Hargrove's 2010 album, \"Emergence\" was nominated for a GRAMMY, and Christian McBride's album, \"The Good Feeling\" won a rare GRAMMY for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Recording in February 2012. Wycliffe Gordon's tribute to Louis Armstrong \"Hello Pops\" was also critically well received.\n\nReferences\n\nJazz culture\nJazz genres" ]

[ "Musical ensemble", "Five parts", "what can you tell me about Five parts?", "Five-piece bands have existed in rock music since the development of the genre.", "what does a five piece band entail?", "examples of the common vocalist, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass, and drums", "what are other examples?", "Alternatives include a keyboardist, guitarist, drummer, bassist, and saxophonist,", "are there some more examples?", "The Sonics, The Dave Clark 5, and Sam the Sham", "what other bands have 5 parts?", "Radiohead, The Strokes, The Yardbirds," ]

[ "In number theory, Lagrange's theorem is a statement named after Joseph-Louis Lagrange about how frequently a polynomial over the integers may evaluate to a multiple of a fixed prime. More precisely, it states that if p is a prime number and is a polynomial with integer coefficients, then either:\n every coefficient of is divisible by p, or\n has at most incongruent solutions\n\nwhere is the degree of . Solutions are \"incongruent\" if they do not differ by a multiple of p. If the modulus is not prime, then it is possible for there to be more than solutions.\n\nA proof of Lagrange's theorem\n\nThe two key ideas are the following. Let be the polynomial obtained from by taking the coefficients . Now:\n\n is divisible by if and only if ; and\n has no more than roots.\n\nMore rigorously, start by noting that if and only if each coefficient of is divisible by . Assume ; its degree is thus well-defined. It is easy to see . To prove (1), first note that we can compute either directly, i.e. by plugging in (the residue class of) and performing arithmetic in , or by reducing . Hence if and only if , i.e. if and only if is divisible by . To prove (2), note that is a field, which is a standard fact (a quick proof is to note that since is prime, is a finite integral domain, hence is a field). Another standard fact is that a non-zero polynomial over a field has at most as many roots as its degree; this follows from the division algorithm.\n\nFinally, note that two solutions are incongruent if and only if . Putting everything together, the number of incongruent solutions by (1) is the same as the number of roots of , which by (2) is at most , which is at most .\n\nReferences\n \n \n\nTheorems about prime numbers\nTheorems about polynomials", "Cyclic ozone is a theoretically predicted form of ozone. Like ordinary ozone (O3), it would have three oxygen atoms. It would differ from ordinary ozone in how those three oxygen atoms are arranged. In ordinary ozone, the atoms are arranged in a bent line; in cyclic ozone, they would form an equilateral triangle.\n\nSome of the properties of cyclic ozone have been predicted theoretically. It should have more energy than ordinary ozone.\n\nThere is evidence that tiny quantities of cyclic ozone exist at the surface of magnesium oxide crystals in air. Cyclic ozone has not been made in bulk, although at least one researcher has attempted to do so using lasers. Another possibility to stabilize this form of oxygen is to produce it inside confined spaces, e.g., fullerene.\n\nIt has been speculated that, if cyclic ozone could be made in bulk, and if it proved to have good stability properties, it could be added to liquid oxygen to improve the specific impulse of rocket fuel.\n\nCurrently, the possibility of cyclic ozone is confirmed within diverse theoretical approaches.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nAllotropes of oxygen\nHypothetical chemical compounds\nCyclic compounds\nThree-membered rings\nHomonuclear triatomic molecules" ]

[ "Musical ensemble", "Five parts", "what can you tell me about Five parts?", "Five-piece bands have existed in rock music since the development of the genre.", "what does a five piece band entail?", "examples of the common vocalist, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass, and drums", "what are other examples?", "Alternatives include a keyboardist, guitarist, drummer, bassist, and saxophonist,", "are there some more examples?", "The Sonics, The Dave Clark 5, and Sam the Sham", "what other bands have 5 parts?", "Radiohead, The Strokes, The Yardbirds,", "how do they differ if at all?", "I don't know." ]

[ "\"What Else Is There?\" is the third single from the Norwegian duo Röyksopp's second album The Understanding. It features the vocals of Karin Dreijer from the Swedish electronica duo The Knife. The album was released in the UK with the help of Astralwerks.\n\nThe single was used in an O2 television advertisement in the Czech Republic and in Slovakia during 2008. It was also used in the 2006 film Cashback and the 2007 film, Meet Bill. Trentemøller's remix of \"What Else is There?\" was featured in an episode of the HBO show Entourage.\n\nThe song was covered by extreme metal band Enslaved as a bonus track for their album E.\n\nThe song was listed as the 375th best song of the 2000s by Pitchfork Media.\n\nOfficial versions\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Album Version) – 5:17\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Radio Edit) – 3:38\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Jacques Lu Cont Radio Mix) – 3:46\n\"What Else Is There?\" (The Emperor Machine Vocal Version) – 8:03\n\"What Else Is There?\" (The Emperor Machine Dub Version) – 7:51\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Thin White Duke Mix) – 8:25\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Thin White Duke Edit) – 4:50\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Thin White Duke Remix) (Radio Edit) – 3:06\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Trentemøller Remix) – 7:42\n\"What Else Is There?\" (Vitalic Remix) – 5:14\n\nResponse\nThe single was officially released on 5 December 2005 in the UK. The single had a limited release on 21 November 2005 to promote the upcoming album. On the UK Singles Chart, it peaked at number 32, while on the UK Dance Chart, it reached number one.\n\nMusic video\nThe music video was directed by Martin de Thurah. It features Norwegian model Marianne Schröder who is shown lip-syncing Dreijer's voice. Schröder is depicted as a floating woman traveling across stormy landscapes and within empty houses. Dreijer makes a cameo appearance as a woman wearing an Elizabethan ruff while dining alone at a festive table.\n\nMovie spots\n\nThe song is also featured in the movie Meet Bill as characters played by Jessica Alba and Aaron Eckhart smoke marijuana while listening to it. It is also part of the end credits music of the film Cashback.\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2005 singles\nRöyksopp songs\nAstralwerks singles\nSongs written by Svein Berge\nSongs written by Torbjørn Brundtland\n2004 songs\nSongs written by Roger Greenaway\nSongs written by Olof Dreijer\nSongs written by Karin Dreijer", "\"How Interesting: A Tiny Man\" is a 2010 science fiction/magical realism short story by American writer Harlan Ellison. It was first published in Realms of Fantasy.\n\nPlot summary\nA scientist creates a tiny man. The tiny man is initially very popular, but then draws the hatred of the world, and so the tiny man must flee, together with the scientist (who is now likewise hated, for having created the tiny man).\n\nReception\n\"How Interesting: A Tiny Man\" won the 2010 Nebula Award for Best Short Story, tied with Kij Johnson's \"Ponies\". It was Ellison's final Nebula nomination and win, of his record-setting eight nominations and three wins.\n\nTor.com calls the story \"deceptively simple\", with \"execution (that) is flawless\" and a \"Geppetto-like\" narrator, while Publishers Weekly describes it as \"memorably depict(ing) humanity's smallness of spirit\". The SF Site, however, felt it was \"contrived and less than profound\".\n\nNick Mamatas compared \"How Interesting: A Tiny Man\" negatively to Ellison's other Nebula-winning short stories, and stated that the story's two mutually exclusive endings (in one, the tiny man is killed; in the other, he becomes God) are evocative of the process of writing short stories. Ben Peek considered it to be \"more allegory than (...) anything else\", and interpreted it as being about how the media \"give(s) everyone a voice\", and also about how Ellison was treated by science fiction fandom.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nAudio version of ''How Interesting: A Tiny Man, at StarShipSofa\nHow Interesting: A Tiny Man, at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database\n\nNebula Award for Best Short Story-winning works\nShort stories by Harlan Ellison" ]

[ "Musical ensemble", "Five parts", "what can you tell me about Five parts?", "Five-piece bands have existed in rock music since the development of the genre.", "what does a five piece band entail?", "examples of the common vocalist, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass, and drums", "what are other examples?", "Alternatives include a keyboardist, guitarist, drummer, bassist, and saxophonist,", "are there some more examples?", "The Sonics, The Dave Clark 5, and Sam the Sham", "what other bands have 5 parts?", "Radiohead, The Strokes, The Yardbirds,", "how do they differ if at all?", "I don't know.", "what else is interesting about five parts?", "). In some cases, typically in cover bands, one musician plays either rhythm guitar or keyboards," ]

[ "Answer to the Master (1994) is the third full-length studio album by Impellitteri.\n\nTrack listing\n \"The Future Is Black\" — 3:42\n \"Fly Away\" — 4:03\n \"Warrior\" — 4:04\n \"I'll Wait\" — 5:09\n \"Hold the Line\" — 4:01\n \"Something's Wrong with the World Today\" — 3:44\n \"Answer to the Master\" — 3:25\n \"Hungry Days\" — 3:10\n \"The King Is Rising\" — 3:33\n\nPersonnel\n Rob Rock – vocals\n Chris Impellitteri – guitar\n James Amelio Pulli – bass guitar except on track 4\n Ken Mary – drums\n Mike Smith – keyboard\n Chuck Wright – bass guitar on 4\n James Christian – backing vocals\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n1994 albums\nImpellitteri albums", "\"Something Is Squeezing My Skull\" is a song with lyrics by Morrissey and music by Alain Whyte. The song is the second single to be released from Morrissey's 2009 album Years of Refusal. It was recorded in Los Angeles and produced by Jerry Finn, the man behind 2004’s You Are the Quarry. The single was released on 27 April 2009 and reached number 46 on the UK Singles Chart, as well as number one on the Scottish Singles Chart, which at that point still only counted physical sales, becoming Morrissey's third and most recent number-one single on that chart. The song also experienced some success in France, where it reached number 35 on the SNEP chart.\n\nThe single comes backed with live recordings of \"This Charming Man\", \"Best Friend on the Payroll\" and \"I Keep Mine Hidden\", the latter being performed for the first time ever by Morrissey and his band at BBC Radio 2's 'Live With Morrissey' concert in February 2009.\n\nThe album art depicts Morrissey hugging Johnny Ramone's memorial statue at his grave in Hollywood Forever Cemetery.\n\nTrack listing\nCD1\n \"Something Is Squeezing My Skull\"\n \"This Charming Man\" (Live, BBC Radio Theatre Feb 2009) (Morrissey/Johnny Marr)\n\nCD2\n \"Something Is Squeezing My Skull\"\n \"Best Friend on the Payroll\" (Live, BBC Radio Theatre Feb 2009) (Morrissey/Whyte)\n\n7\" single\n \"Something Is Squeezing My Skull\"\n \"I Keep Mine Hidden\" (Live, BBC Radio Theatre Feb 2009) (Morrissey/Marr)\n\nPersonnel\n Morrissey – vocals\n Boz Boorer – guitar\n Jesse Tobias – guitar\n Solomon Walker – bass guitar\n Matt Walker – drums\n Roger Manning – keyboard\n Kristopher Pooley – keyboard (B-sides only)\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2009 singles\nMorrissey songs\nSongs written by Morrissey\nSongs written by Alain Whyte\nDecca Records singles\nNumber-one singles in Scotland" ]

[ "Musical ensemble", "Five parts", "what can you tell me about Five parts?", "Five-piece bands have existed in rock music since the development of the genre.", "what does a five piece band entail?", "examples of the common vocalist, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass, and drums", "what are other examples?", "Alternatives include a keyboardist, guitarist, drummer, bassist, and saxophonist,", "are there some more examples?", "The Sonics, The Dave Clark 5, and Sam the Sham", "what other bands have 5 parts?", "Radiohead, The Strokes, The Yardbirds,", "how do they differ if at all?", "I don't know.", "what else is interesting about five parts?", "). In some cases, typically in cover bands, one musician plays either rhythm guitar or keyboards,", "is the guitar or keyboard appearance dependent on something?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Chinese musical instruments were traditionally classified according to the materials used in their construction. The eight classifications are silk, bamboo, wood, stone, metal, clay, gourd, and hide. There are other instruments that may not fit these classifications. \n\nSilk instruments are mostly string instruments (including plucked, bowed, and struck). Since the very beginning, the Chinese have used silk for strings, though today metal or nylon are more frequently used.\n\nBamboo mainly refers to woodwind instruments.\n\nMost wood instruments are of the ancient variety.\n\nThe full list of these categories is wood, stone, bamboo, bone, silk, skin, plant and metal \n\nThe \"stone\" category contains various forms of stone chimes.\n\nSee also\nList of traditional Chinese musical instruments\n\nChinese musical instruments", "LED stage lighting instruments are stage lighting instruments that use light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a light source. LED instruments are an alternative to traditional stage lighting instruments which use halogen lamp or high-intensity discharge lamps. Like other LED instruments, they have high light output with lower power consumption.\n\nTypes\nLED stage lights come in three main types. PAR cans, striplights and 'moving head' types. In LED PAR cans, a round printed circuit board with LEDs mounted on is used in place of a PAR lamp. Moving head types can either be a bank of LEDs mounted on a yoke or more conventional moving head lights with the bulb replaced with an LED bank.\n\nIn fact, there is no such thing as an LED PAR can - it is a misnomer possibly attributed to Chinese manufacturers. As there is no Parabolic Aluminised Reflector in an LED 'PAR', they would be more accurately referred to as to as 'LED flood lights'.\n\nMany LED fixtures are now made using a small number of high-output diodes that allow the beam to be focused on a \"hard edge\", allowing full use of gobo/beam effects.\n\nUses \nLED instruments can and have been used to replace any conventional lighting fixture, and some shows, such as Radiohead's 2008 tour, have used only LED lighting instruments. However, most shows use LEDs only for lighting cycloramas, or as top, side or back light. They can also be used as 'audience blinders' (lights pointed directly at the audience from a low angle).\n\nAdvantages\nLED instruments can contain a number of different coloured LEDs, often red, green and blue, and different light output colours can be achieved by adjusting the intensity of each LED color group. LED instruments should have a long service life relative to other options, without the expense of colour gel or replacement lamps.\n\nLED instruments are increasingly used for live music events, most notably festivals where they are more visible than conventional lighting under daylight. LED instruments were prominently used for the Live Earth festival as they are regarded as more environmentally friendly as fixture for fixture they use far less power than other lighting.\n\nAnother advantage of LED instruments is that they can be controlled directly using DMX and do not require additional dimmers; the intensity of the LEDs being adjusted by circuitry on board the fixture. Because of their low power consumption several units can be daisy chained to one power supply.\n\nDue to low heat output, LED instruments can be used in areas where the high amount of heat conventional stage fixtures put off would not be ideal. For this reason, LED instruments are used to light ice sculptures, especially when lighting the sculptures from within.\n\nDisadvantages\n\nLED instruments cannot be used to create a hard-edged beam, which is needed for gobos and other effects which require the use of an ellipsoidal reflector spotlight, though LED fixtures are now made that through the use of a small number of high-output diodes now allow the beam to be focused to a \"hard edge\", allowing full use of gobo/beam effects. Because color mixing is done using three or more colors of LEDs, mixed colors will have multiple edges to shadows where different colors are showing; however, several manufacturers have introduced instruments that group three or more LEDs behind a single lens to make the multiple shadow lines less noticeable.\n\nSee also\n\nSolid-state lighting\nLED lamp\n\nReferences\n\nStage lighting\nLED lamps" ]

[ "Musical ensemble", "Five parts", "what can you tell me about Five parts?", "Five-piece bands have existed in rock music since the development of the genre.", "what does a five piece band entail?", "examples of the common vocalist, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass, and drums", "what are other examples?", "Alternatives include a keyboardist, guitarist, drummer, bassist, and saxophonist,", "are there some more examples?", "The Sonics, The Dave Clark 5, and Sam the Sham", "what other bands have 5 parts?", "Radiohead, The Strokes, The Yardbirds,", "how do they differ if at all?", "I don't know.", "what else is interesting about five parts?", "). In some cases, typically in cover bands, one musician plays either rhythm guitar or keyboards,", "is the guitar or keyboard appearance dependent on something?", "I don't know.", "are there other instruments that are used?", "Other times, the vocalist will bring another musical \"voice\" to the table, most commonly a harmonica or percussion;" ]

[ "A backing vocalist or backup singer is a singer who provides vocal harmony with the lead vocalist or other backing vocalists. A backing vocalist may also sing alone as a lead-in to the main vocalist's entry or to sing a counter-melody. Backing vocalists are used in a broad range of popular music, traditional music, and world music styles.\n\nSolo artists may employ professional backing vocalists in studio recording sessions as well as during concerts. In many rock and metal bands (e.g., the power trio), the musicians doing backing vocals also play instruments, such as guitar, electric bass, drums or keyboards. In Latin or Afro-Cuban groups, backing singers may play percussion instruments or shakers while singing. In some pop and hip hop groups and in musical theater, they may be required to perform dance routines while singing through headset microphones.\n\nStyles of background vocals vary according to the type of song and genre of music. In pop and country songs, backing vocalists may sing harmony to support the lead vocalist. In hardcore punk or rockabilly, other band members who play instruments may sing or shout backing vocals during the chorus (refrain) section of the songs.\n\nTerminology\nAlternative terms for backing vocalists include backing singers, backing vocals, additional vocals or, particularly in the United States and Canada, backup singers, background singers, or harmony vocalists.\n\nExamples\nWhile some bands use performers whose sole on-stage role is backing vocals, backing singers commonly have other roles. Two notable examples of band members who sang back-up are The Beach Boys and The Beatles. The Beach Boys were well known for their close vocal harmonies, occasionally with all five members singing at once such as \"In My Room\" and \"Surfer Girl\". \n\nThe Beatles were also known for their close style of vocal harmonies – all of them sang both lead and backing vocals at some point, especially John Lennon and Paul McCartney, who frequently supported each other with harmonies, often with fellow Beatle George Harrison joining in. Ringo Starr, while not as prominent as a singer due to his distinctive voice, sings backing vocals in such tracks as \"The Continuing Story of Bungalow Bill\" and \"Carry That Weight\". Examples of three-part harmonies by Lennon, McCartney and Harrison include \"Nowhere Man\", \"Because\", \"Day Tripper\", and \"This Boy\".\nThe members of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young and Bee Gees each wrote songs, sang backup or lead vocals, and played various instruments in their performances and recordings.\n\nLead singers who record backing vocals\nIn the recording studio, some lead singers record their own backing vocals by overdubbing with a multitrack recording system, record his or her own backing vocals, then recording the lead part over them. Some lead vocalists prefer this approach because multiple parts recorded by the same singer blend well.\n\nA famous example overdubbing is Freddie Mercury's multipart intro to Queen's \"Bohemian Rhapsody\". Other artists who have recorded multitrack lead and backing vocals include Patrick Stump of Fall Out Boy, Tom DeLonge of Blink-182 and Angels and Airwaves, Wednesday 13 in his own band and Murderdolls, Ian Gillan of Deep Purple, Brendon Urie of Panic! at the Disco, Simon Le Bon of Duran Duran, and Brad Delp of Boston.\n\nWith the exception of a few songs on each album, Michael Jackson, Prince, Dan Fogelberg, Eddie Rabbitt, David Bowie and Richard Marx sing all of the background vocals for their songs. Robert Smith of the Cure sings his own backing vocals in the studio, and doesn't use backing vocalists when performing live.\n\nUncredited backing vocals\nProminent vocalists who provide backing vocals in other artists' recordings are often uncredited to avoid conflicts with their own recording agreements, and for other reasons. Examples include:\n John Lennon and Paul McCartney on the Rolling Stones' \"We Love You\".\nPatti Labelle on Kanye West's \"Roses\" from the album Late Registration. She said the liner notes were already printed when she lent her vocals to the track.\nRonnie Spector on Eddie Money's \"Take Me Home Tonight\", from the Ronettes' 1963 hit \"Be My Baby\".\n \"Roll with Me, Henry\" by Etta James, which includes Richard Berry, author of \"Louie Louie\", performing the role of Henry.\n Sam Cooke's \"Bring It On Home to Me\", with vocal \"echo\" responses by Lou Rawls.\n Mick Jagger doing background vocals on Carly Simon's recording of \"You're So Vain\", which led to the erroneous theory that the song was about Jagger. \n Jonathan Richman's \"The Neighbors\", featuring Jody Ross.\n Andrew Gold's \"Never Let Her Slip Away\", with harmony vocals by Freddie Mercury.\n Rockwell's \"Somebody's Watching Me\", with backing vocals by Jermaine Jackson and Michael Jackson.\n \"Bad Blood\" by Neil Sedaka, with backing vocals by Elton John.\n Usher's \"Superstar\", with vocals by Faith Evans.\n Paul McCartney as one of the background revellers on Donovan's 1966 \"Mellow Yellow\". (Contrary to popular belief, McCartney does not whisper \"quite rightly\" in the chorus, but Donovan himself).\n Mýa's background vocals on \"Get None\", the debut single by Tamar Braxton.\n Al B. Sure!'s background vocals in Guy's song \"You Can Call Me Crazy\". (According to producer Teddy Riley, the song was originally planned for Sure!'s debut album In Effect Mode but didn't make the final cut.)\n Mint Condition frontman Stokley Williams doing background vocals on \"The Curse Of The Gifted\" from Wale's 2013 album The Gifted.\nEric Roberson's background vocals on Cam'ron's song \"Tomorrow\" from his 2002 album Come Home with Me.\n Anelia's vocals on Andrea's 2014 song Най-добрата (Nay-dobrata).\n Jamie Foxx's vocals on Ariana Grande's 2015 single \"Focus\".\n Ina Wroldsen's vocals on Calvin Harris's and Disciples's 2015 song \"How Deep Is Your Love\".\n Iselin Solheim's vocals on Alan Walker's 2015 song \"Faded\", and his 2016 song \"Sing Me to Sleep\".\n\nSee also\nList of backing groups\nNebenstimme\nVOCALOID\n20 Feet from Stardom (2013 documentary film on backing singers)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n R.E.S.P.E.C.T - The Art of Backing Vocals (BBC Radio 4 programme)\n\nOccupations in music\nSinging\nMusical terminology\nAccompaniment\nTemporary employment", "The Leçons de ténèbres pour le mercredi saint (\"Tenebrae Readings for Holy Wednesday\") are a series of three vocal pieces composed by François Couperin for the liturgies of Holy Week, 1714, at the Abbaye royale de Longchamp.\n\nCouperin's Leçons de ténèbres use the Latin text of the Old Testament Book of Lamentations, in which Jeremiah deplores the destruction of Jerusalem by the Babylonians.\n\nMusical settings of the Lamentations of Jeremiah the Prophet were common in the Renaissance, famous polyphonic examples being those by Thomas Tallis, Tomás Luis de Victoria, Lassus, and Carlo Gesualdo. Leçons de ténèbres were a particular French subgenre of this music with other similar settings being composed by Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Michel Delalande and others.\n\nThose by Couperin are for two high vocalists and basso continuo. They are composed of three lessons (two other sets of three for Thursday and Friday having been lost). Each Latin verse is preceded by a melisma on the first letter of the Hebrew text. The first two were composed for one single voice, while the third was written for two voices. This last Leçon, where the two voices perform superb appoggiatura, ornaments, dissonances and vocalizing, is considered one of the undisputed peaks of Baroque vocal music.\n\nA 1954 recording of these works serves as the theme music for the 1968 film Phèdre, featuring Marie Bell. The recording, conducted by Laurence Boulay, was released on the French label Erato.\n\nSee also\n Tenebrae\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1714 compositions\nBook of Lamentations\nCompositions by François Couperin\nFrench Christian hymns\nTenebrae\nVocal musical compositions\n18th-century hymns" ]

[ "Musical ensemble", "Five parts", "what can you tell me about Five parts?", "Five-piece bands have existed in rock music since the development of the genre.", "what does a five piece band entail?", "examples of the common vocalist, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, bass, and drums", "what are other examples?", "Alternatives include a keyboardist, guitarist, drummer, bassist, and saxophonist,", "are there some more examples?", "The Sonics, The Dave Clark 5, and Sam the Sham", "what other bands have 5 parts?", "Radiohead, The Strokes, The Yardbirds,", "how do they differ if at all?", "I don't know.", "what else is interesting about five parts?", "). In some cases, typically in cover bands, one musician plays either rhythm guitar or keyboards,", "is the guitar or keyboard appearance dependent on something?", "I don't know.", "are there other instruments that are used?", "Other times, the vocalist will bring another musical \"voice\" to the table, most commonly a harmonica or percussion;", "are there examples of vocalists like those?", "Mick Jagger," ]

[ "Offstage musicians and singers are performers who play instruments and/or sing backstage, out of sight of the audience, during a live popular music concert at which the main band is visible playing and singing onstage. The sound from the offstage musicians or singers is captured by a microphone or from the output of their instrument, and this signal is mixed in with the singing and playing of the onstage performers using an audio console and a sound reinforcement system. Offstage backup singers are also used in some Broadway musicals, as have offstage instrumentalists, in cases where an onstage actor needs to appear to play an instrument.\n\nThe offstage musicians and singers are typically located beside the stage, behind the speaker stacks, backstage, under the stage (for raised stages), or, for music festivals held out of doors, in a tent near the backstage area.\n\nTerminology\nOffstage performers may be called an \"offstage touring guitarist\", \"offstage touring keyboard player\", \"offstage guitarist\", \"offstage keyboardist\", \"offstage backup singer\" or \"offstage harmony singer\". In music theatre, singers may be called \"pit singers\" or \"offstage voices\". Slang terms are also used, such as \"ghost singer\".\n\nRoles\n\nSome offstage performers are hired solely to play one or more instruments (e.g., synthesizer, rhythm guitar, percussion). Some offstage performers are hired solely to sing backup vocals. Some offstage performers are hired to play an instrument and sing backup or harmony vocals at the same time. Offstage musicians can be hired for one-off concerts, but they are generally hired for entire tours. Some offstage musicians or singers work with the same band for many years. \n\nIn Broadway musicals, some of the offstage singers may have a secondary role as understudy to one of the onstage singers; the understudy (also called the \"cover\", \"standby\" or \"alternate\") sings the part of the onstage actor in front of the audience, in costume, in the event that the main singer becomes ill.\n\nSome offstage performers have another profession or role that they perform in addition. Iron Maiden offstage keyboardist Michael Kenney's other role is as the bassist's bass tech.\n\nAcknowledgement\nSome offstage performers are asked to sign a nondisclosure agreement which forbids them from doing interviews regarding their offstage performance work for a certain group. Sharon Osbourne states that Ozzy Osbourne's offstage singers and musicians are acknowledged in concert programs and, for concerts that are recorded, in the recording credits. Alan Fitzgerald was the offstage keyboard player for Bruce Springsteen's Devils & Dust Tour. In the final two shows of the tour, Springsteen invited Fitzgerald up on stage, introduced him, and played with him. When Alan Fitzgerald played off-stage keyboards for Van Halen, he was credited as Eddie Van Halen's \"keyboard technician\", a euphemism which acknowledged Fitzgerald's role as a keyboard player without admitting Fitzgerald was an offstage performer. Terry Lawless is credited in some sources as a keyboard technician and keyboard programmer for the band he works for.\n\nApproaches\nThe instrumental playing by offstage performers is captured by a microphone for acoustic instruments such as acoustic guitar; by mic in front of the guitar amplifier and/or a DI unit output for an electric instrument such as electric bass, by mic for electric guitar (in front of the guitar amp) and Hammond organ with a Leslie speaker, or for an electronic instrument such as a synthesizer, by getting the signal from the instrument's output. Singing is captured by a microphone. \n\nIn all cases, the signal from the instruments and/or microphones are routed to the multicore cable (often nicknamed the \"snake\") and then plugged into the mixing board. Once the offstage musicians and singers' signals are plugged into the mixing board, the audio engineer can blend their sounds in with the playing and singing of the onstage musicians (which is also captured by microphones and/or signal cables). The mixed output is then routed to the PA system or sound reinforcement system, the combination of power amplifiers and speaker enclosures which outputs the concert sounds for the audience.\n\nPit orchestra\nA pit orchestra cannot be seen by all audience members. However, audience members in higher seats can see the pit musicians; as such, a typical pit orchestra in front of a stage cannot truly be considered to be hidden from the audiences' view. In some venues, there is no orchestra out in front of the stage; in this case, the pit orchestra may play in a room near the stage or backstage, watching the conductor's gestures using a video monitor. While a pit orchestra that is located out of sight of the audience is technically an offstage ensemble, there is no intent on the part of the producers to deceive the audience.\n\nChallenges\nFor offstage musicians and singers, playing and/or singing in tune and in time with the onstage performers can be challenging, since the offstage musicians are not in the same location as the onstage performers. To help the offstage musicians and singers play and sing in tune and in time, the offstage musicians are provided with monitor speakers which reproduce the onstage playing and singing. As well, for offstage backup singers, they may be provided with a teleprompter video screen, which scrolls the lyrics down the screen. This helps the backup singer to remember the lyrics and the appropriate times to sing. A CCTV system may be set up, with cameras pointing at the stage, and TV monitors in the offstage performer area; this way, the offstage performers can see cues (head nods, hand signals) made by the lead singer or bandleader onstage. The offstage musician or singer may be given headphones with an intercom, to enable the audio engineer to communicate with the offstage performers. For offstage singers, a vocal booth may be set up to exclude outside sounds.\n\nRationale\nThere are many reasons that established bands and groups use offstage musicians and singers for concerts and concert tours. When heavy metal band Kiss hired an offstage keyboardist, it was to fill in the band's sound during the live concerts with backing chords and deep bass notes. However, one of the band members felt that only guitarists should be seen on stage, due to the group's reputation as a guitar-based heavy metal band. In other cases, a group has been a trio or a quartet for decades, and the decision is made that having a touring keyboardist, rhythm guitarist or backup singer appear onstage could lead to speculation that the band may be adding a new member; to avoid rumours, the extra touring musician or singer is instructed to play or sing offstage. In some cases, the session musician who recorded an instrumental part on the album may not be available for an entire tour. \n\nHaving offstage musicians and/or singers enables a small group to produce a bigger, richer sound. As well, if the album that the group is promoting with the concert tour used extensive overdubs and extra musicians, playing the songs with just a trio or quartet might sound thin compared with the album. For example, with a power trio, the electric guitar player can record several layers of guitar: riffs, chords, fills and guitar solos, giving the impression (on the album) that several guitar players are performing. If this same power trio were to play live without offstage musicians, the band's sound would not be able to match the instrumentation of the album. As such, the band may hire an offstage rhythm guitarist. \n\nFor bands that have complex stage shows or choreographed dance routines, having offstage musicians and/or singers ensures that the playing and singing keeps going even if the onstage performers are momentarily distracted by doing dance moves or movements. In some cases, choreographed dance routines may require significant attention from the performer. If a guitarist is having to move in time with dancers, her or his attention from playing may be distracted. If the group has an offstage rhythm guitarist, then the rhythm guitar will continue even if the onstage performer stops for short periods.\n\nAnother reason for using offstage musicians is the increasingly complex recordings which are done in multitrack recording studio facilities. Unlike pre-multitrack days, when all the instrumentalists and singers would record the song in a single \"take\", with multitrack recording, the drums can be recorded one day, the bass guitar the next day, the rhythm guitar the next, backup vocalists a week later and a string section a month later. The core band members can then overdub keyboard instruments, lead vocals, guitar solos and other parts over a period of weeks or even months. The resulting recordings may feature a very large cast of instrumentalists and singers. Instead of bringing all of these extra musicians and singers onstage, some bands choose to have the extra musicians and backup singers perform offstage.\n\nIn the 2007 Eurovision Song Competition, the United Kingdom's entry, Scooch, used \"...extra [hidden] vocalists [to] hi[t] 'high harmon[y]\" notes, with the extra singers hidden backstage.\n\nReception\nNew Jersey's Upstage magazine liked Bruce Springsteen's Devils & Dust Tour show in general, but felt that the use of off-stage musicians was unsettling, saying \"the idea of a solo acoustic tour loses something when it features other [offstage] musicians who are neither given credit for their work nor seen on stage.\"\nIn the 2007 Eurovision scandal, viewers of the televised singing competition show and other competing groups were upset when they learned that the winning group, Scooch, used \"...extra [hidden] vocalists hitting 'high harmonies' backstage\".\n\nIn the play \"Blind Lemon Blues,\" the actors pretend to play guitar on stage while an offstage guitarist plays. Encore magazine states that the fact that the cast members are only pretending to play \"...is most glaring in the opening scene, when it becomes apparent that the bluesmen are picking at guitars as they sing, but not actually playing them\". \"The actors' fake strumming is distracting at first\", but then the audience's \"attention shifts to the magnificent singing\".\n\nExamples\n\nKeyboards\nJohn Sinclair played offstage keyboards for Ozzy Osbourne. \nBlack Sabbath used an offstage keyboardist at concerts for over 40 years. Adam Wakeman states that it is the only offstage keyboard gig he does.\nTerry Lawless has played offstage keyboards for U2 for years. Lawless has signed a nondisclosure agreement, so he did not give an interview regarding his work for this band; he is credited in some sources as a keyboard technician and keyboard programmer.\nIron Maiden bass tech Michael Kenney plays offstage keyboards for the band \nDerek Sherinian played offstage keyboards for Kiss. \nBrett Tuggle, known for his onstage keyboard playing for Fleetwood Mac, was an offstage singer and keyboard player for David Lee Roth in 1986. Unlike most offstage performers, Tuggle was invited onstage with the band for the last few songs of each concert. For the start of the big Van Halen hit \"Jump\", Roth acknowledged Tuggle by name and asked him to start off the tune's distinctive synth part. \n Alan Fitzgerald played keyboards offstage for Van Halen in the early 1990s and the 2004, 2007, and 2012 tours as well as offstage keyboard for Bruce Springsteen at the Devils & Dust Tour in 2005.\nWarrant used an offstage keyboard player.\nPet Shop Boys used an offstage keyboardist at a 1991 concert\nAvenged Sevenfold uses offstage keyboards.\nRobbie Gennet played offstage keyboards for Saigon Kick during their 1991 tour.\nJess Kent performs on her singing tours with an offstage synth player.\n\nDrums\nJudas Priest used an offstage drummer playing electronic drums and triggering samples, while the official drummer played onstage. The offstage drummer augmented the drum sound.\nThe Walker Brothers used an offstage drummer during live performances. Gary Walker, the group's ostensible drummer, was regarded as having no real aptitude for the instrument and mimed onstage with paper sticks.\n\nGuitar\nKerrang editor Geoff Barton saw an offstage guitarist performing during a Michael Schenker concert.\nPet Shop Boys used an offstage guitarist at a 1991 concert.\nIn actor Akin Babatunde's portrayal of the legendary bluesman Blind Lemon Jefferson in the play \"Blind Lemon Blues,\" Babatunde pretends to play guitar on stage while offstage guitarist Skip Krevens plays the actual guitar the audience is hearing.\nJosh Groban uses an offstage guitarist on tour.\n\nBackup vocals\nMott the Hoople retained original vocalist Stan Tippins as a road manager, but he also continued to sing vocal parts from offstage in live performances.\nRobert Mason sang offstage backup vocals for Ozzy Osbourne in 1995 and 1996. \nBroadway musicals such as Jersey Boys and Rock of Ages use hidden backstage singers in vocal booths to sing harmony vocals to fill out the sound, without \"crowding the stage\" with extra performers\n\nRelated approaches\nSome bands have an offstage sequencer-programmer who triggers basslines, beats, digitally sampled sounds or backing tracks. Backing tracks can be as simple as a single prerecorded instrument, such as a recording of a pipe organ, which is impossible to move onstage, to string section recordings done in the studio, to full rhythm section recordings with bass, guitar, keyboards and drums. Some backing tracks also include backup vocals. An offstage technician or audio engineer triggers the sequencer, samples or backing tracks at the appropriate time. Some guitar technicians operate effects units from offstage or trigger samples for their guitarist. At some \"...shows, an [audio] engineer at the side of the stage watches the show closely and starts the song in Ableton Live at the correct moment.\"\n\nSee also\nOffstage instrument or choir part in classical music\nBacking track (using a prerecorded track in a live performance)\nGhost singer (a singer who performs in place of another vocalist for a recording)\nMiming in instrumental performance (when musicians pretend to play their instruments)\n\nReferences\n\nOccupations in music\nDeception\nSinging\nAccompaniment\nRhythm section", "The contrabassophone is a woodwind instrument, invented about 1847 by German bassoon maker Heinrich Joseph Haseneier. It was intended as a substitute for the contrabassoon, which at that time was an unsatisfactory instrument, with a muffled sound due to tone holes that were too small and too close together. Haseneier's design made use of some of the same principles that went into the Boehm system flute, in which keywork was developed based on tone holes with acoustically optimum sizes and positions. The contrabassophone's bore was substantially larger (by about a third) than that of the contrabassoon, and the result was an instrument with a powerful tone. Indeed, it was regarded as too loud for orchestral use, though it was suitable for outdoor use in military bands. \nDr W.H. Stone brought a Haseneier instrument to England playing it in performances of the Handel Festival of 1871. Alfred Morton, the best English bassoon maker of the time made 3 or 4 copies of this instrument some of which included improvements in the keywork. In 1881, Morton's eldest son played one of these instrument with the Halle Orchestra. He also played it at the Crystal Palace, at Richter's concerts and at the opera. Morton made one of a higher pitch (in F) for Sir Arthur Sullivan for use in the Savoy Theatre. Following Sullivan's death, this instrument disappeared. Many other European makers produced copies of the contrabassophone, including a lightweight version made of papier-mâché.\n\nAdolphe Fontaine-Besson patented a similar instrument in 1890 but allowed the patent to lapse in 1898. By this time the contrabassophone had been largely superseded by improved versions of the contrabassoon for orchestral use, and by the tuba in wind bands.\n\nAn instrument like those that Morton made has a range of three octaves and one tone from a low C to a high D. The fingerings are like a recorder to some degree, with a number of chromatic notes played with forked fingerings, making it quite difficult to play in keys with three or more accidentals. This could have been one of the reasons that the instrument was not played in English orchestras by the late part of the nineteenth century, instead being played in military bands such as the Coldstream, the Grenadier and the Scots Guards.\n\nNotes\n\nExternal links\n The Contrabassophone at Contrabass Mania. (Note: The implication that only Haseneier and Morton made contrabassophones, and in very limited numbers, appears to be based on a misunderstanding of Dibley's article.)\n\nContrabass instruments\nDouble-reed instruments" ]

[ "Rudy Giuliani", "2000 U.S. Senate campaign" ]

[ "Margaret A. Mahoney was a Democratic politician from Ohio. She held a number of political positions and served in the state's House and Senate and was the first Democratic woman elected to the Ohio Senate and the first woman majority leader of the chamber. Mahoney was inducted into the Ohio Women's Hall of Fame in 1978.\n\nBiography\nBorn in Cleveland, Ohio, Mahoney attended evening classes at Cleveland's West High School of Commerce to graduate from high school. She graduated from John Marshall School of Law after working as a salesperson and a secretary. Mahoney was the legislative chair for a number of women's organizations, which led her to become interested in running for the state legislature. She was first elected to political office in 1938 as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives. Mahoney served in both chambers of the Ohio state legislature, and became the first Democratic woman elected to the Ohio Senate in 1942. She was from 1949 to 1950 the Senate President Pro Tem and Majority Leader, and was the first woman to hold that role. She also served on a number of committees including the Senate Rules Committee.\n\nIn March 1951, Mahoney was appointed Chief of the State Securities Division upon leaving the Senate. She held numerous political offices, often being the first woman to hold the position, including Director of the Department of Industrial Relations of Ohio from 1953 to 1957; and was a member of the Cleveland Civil Service Commission and the Director of the Department of Industrial Relations. She was a Presidential Elector and Delegate to the Democratic National Convention multiple times, and was the only woman on the Ohio State Council of Defense during World War II.\n\nAs of 2019, Mahoney is still the only woman to hold the top leadership position in the Ohio Senate.\n\nReferences\n\nOhio Democrats\nMembers of the Ohio House of Representatives\nYear of birth missing\nPossibly living people\nPeople from Cleveland Heights, Ohio\n20th-century American women politicians\nWomen state legislators in Ohio\nOhio state senators\nPresidents of the Ohio State Senate\n20th-century American politicians\nPoliticians from Cleveland", "Jerome M. Hughes (October 1, 1929 – June 26, 2015) was an American educator and politician.\n\nBackground\nHughes graduated from Cretin High School. He then received his bachelor's degree from University of St. Thomas, his master's degree from University of Minnesota, and his doctorate from Wayne State University. Hughes taught in high school and was a coach. He was a community educator administrator and public policy consultant with the St. Paul School District. He also taught at the University of Minnesota.\n\nPolitical career\nFrom Maplewood, Minnesota, Hughes was elected to the Senate in 1966, and served for 26 years in the body. He became chair of the education committee in 1973, and was elected President of the Senate in 1983, a position he would hold—save for during a special session in 1987—for the remainder of his time in office. Hughes was a Democrat. Hughes retired from the Senate in 1993.\n\nReferences\n\nPresidents of the Minnesota Senate\nMinnesota Democrats\n1929 births\n2015 deaths\nPoliticians from Saint Paul, Minnesota\nUniversity of St. Thomas (Minnesota) alumni\nWayne State University alumni\nUniversity of Minnesota alumni\nUniversity of Minnesota faculty" ]

[ "Rudy Giuliani", "2000 U.S. Senate campaign", "Did Rudy hold a political position when he was running for senate in 2000?", "Republican" ]

[ "Rodolfo \"Rudy\" García (born April 15, 1963) is a former Republican member of the Florida Senate, representing the 40th District from 2001 through 2010. Previously he was a member of the Florida House of Representatives from 1985 through 2000. He ran for Mayor of Hialeah, Florida in 2011, but lost.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nFlorida House of Representatives - Rudy García\nFlorida State Legislature - Senator Rudy García official government website\nProject Vote Smart - Senator Rodolfo 'Rudy' García Jr. (FL) profile\nFollow the Money - Rodolfo (Rudy) García, Jr.\n2006 2004 2002 2000 State Senate campaign contributions\n1998 State House campaign contributions\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\n|-\n\nFlorida state senators\nMembers of the Florida House of Representatives\n1963 births\nFlorida Republicans\nLiving people\nAmerican politicians of Cuban descent\nHispanic and Latino American state legislators in Florida", "The 2016 United States Senate election in North Carolina was held November 8, 2016 to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of North Carolina, concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Primary elections were held March 15.\n\nIncumbent Republican Senator Richard Burr won re-election to a third term in office against Democratic former State Representative Deborah K. Ross and Libertarian Sean Haugh.\n\nRepublican primary \nThere had been speculation that Burr might retire, but he said in September 2014 that he was \"planning\" on running and reaffirmed this in January 2015. If Burr had retired, the seat was expected to draw significant interest, with potential Republican candidates including U.S. Representatives George Holding, Mark Meadows, and Robert Pittenger, Labor Commissioner Cherie K. Berry, Lieutenant Governor Dan Forest, Agriculture Commissioner Steve Troxler, State Senator Philip E. Berger, and former Ambassador to Denmark James P. Cain.\n\nCandidates\n\nDeclared \n Greg Brannon, physician, Tea Party activist and candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2014\n Richard Burr, incumbent U.S. Senator\n Larry Holmquist, businessman and Tea Party activist\n Paul Wright, former Superior Court Judge, candidate for Governor in 2012 and nominee for NC-04 in 2014\n\nDeclined \n Mark Meadows, U.S. Representative (running for re-election)\n\nPolling\n\nResults\n\nDemocratic primary\n\nCandidates\n\nDeclared \n Kevin Griffin, businessman\n Ernest Reeves, retired U.S. Army captain, candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2014 and candidate for Mayor of Greenville in 2015\n Chris Rey, Mayor of Spring Lake\n Deborah K. Ross, former state representative\n\nDeclined \n Dan Blue, Minority Leader of the North Carolina Senate and candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2002\n Roy Cooper, North Carolina Attorney General (running for Governor)\n Janet Cowell, North Carolina State Treasurer\n Cal Cunningham, former state senator and candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2010\n Joel Ford, state senator\n Anthony Foxx, United States Secretary of Transportation and former Mayor of Charlotte\n Kay Hagan, former U.S. Senator\n Duane Hall, state representative\n Larry Hall, Minority Leader of the North Carolina House of Representatives\n Jeff Jackson, state senator\n Allen Joines, Mayor of Winston-Salem (running for re-election)\n Grier Martin, state representative\n Nancy McFarlane, Independent Mayor of Raleigh\n Mike McIntyre, former U.S. Representative\n Charles Meeker, former Mayor of Raleigh (running for Labor Commissioner)\n Brad Miller, former U.S. Representative\n Thomas W. Ross, outgoing President of the University of North Carolina system\n Heath Shuler, former U.S. Representative\n Josh Stein, State Senator (running for Attorney General)\n Allen Thomas, Mayor of Greenville\n Beth Wood, State Auditor (running for re-election)\n\nPolling\n\nResults\n\nLibertarian primary\n\nCandidates\n\nDeclared \n Sean Haugh, pizza delivery man and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2002 and 2014\n\nGeneral election\n\nCandidates \n Richard Burr (R), incumbent U.S. Senator\n Deborah K. Ross (D), former state representative\n Sean Haugh (L), pizza delivery man and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2002 and 2014\n\nDebates\n\nEndorsements\n\nPredictions\n\nPolling\n\nWith Burr\n\nWith Berger\n\nResults\n\nSee also \n United States Senate elections, 2016\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \nOfficial campaign websites (Archived)\n Richard Burr (R) for Senate\n Deborah Ross (D) for Senate\n Sean Haugh (L) for Senate\n\nNorth Carolina\n2016\nUnited States Senate" ]

[ "Rudy Giuliani", "2000 U.S. Senate campaign", "Did Rudy hold a political position when he was running for senate in 2000?", "Republican", "Was Rudy still a mayor when he was running for senate?", "Due to term limits, Giuliani could not run in 2001 for a third term as Mayor." ]

[ "Arthur Koegel (May 2, 1889 – May, 1974) was a Socialist bricklayer from Milwaukee who served five terms from 1933 to 1942 as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.\n\nBackground \nArthur Koegel was born May 2, 1889, in Milwaukee. He graduated from local public schools and became a bricklayer. As of his 1932 election, he had been a member of the Bricklayers, Masons and Plasterers International Union of America for 24 years, and had never held public office.\n\nAssembly service \nKoegel was elected in November 1932 to the Assembly from the seventh Milwaukee County district (seventh ward of the City of Milwaukee), succeeding fellow Socialist Philip Wenz, who did not run for re-election. Koegel was unopposed in the primary election, and in the general election polled 3063 votes, to 2960 for Democrat Charles Jungman, and 1537 for Republican Robert Scheffing. He was assigned to the Assembly's standing committee on elections.\n\nIn 1934, he was again unopposed in the primary, and received 2243 votes, to 1639 for Democrat Fred Stich, 1206 for Progressive Rudolph Korthals, and 665 for Republican George Becker. For the new session, he was assigned to the Assembly Committees on Contingent Expenditures and on State Affairs.\n\nIn 1936, under the Socialist/Progressive electoral fusion arrangement then prevailing, he was for the first time opposed in the primary, although he defeated his opponent Mueller by over 2:1. He then won the general election, with 4741 votes to 3223 for Democrat Robert Lange. For the new session, he remained on State Affairs and was assigned to the Committee on Taxation.\n\nIn 1938 he was again unopposed in the Progressive/Socialist primary, and won re-election by \n3030 votes, to 2048 for Republican George Schroeder, 1294 for Democrat Lange, and 69 votes for Herta Welch of William Lemke's Union Party. He transferred to the Assembly's Committee on Labor.\n\nIn 1940, he again faced primary opposition, prevailing over challenger Ludwigsen by over 3:1. In the general election, he pulled 4248 votes, to 3973 for Republican Martin E. Schreiber and 1828 for Democrat Clarence Findley. He remained on the Labor Committee.\n\nIn 1942, although unopposed in the Socialist primary (fusion having ended), he lost the general election, polling only 818 votes to 2696 for Republican Schreiber and 1652 for Progressive Walter Ensslin. He would twice attempt to reclaim his Assembly seat, coming in second in the 1944 race (ahead of the Republican and the Progressive); and third in the 1950 race, behind the Republican challenger as well as the Democrat.\n\nReferences \n\n1889 births\n1974 deaths\nAmerican bricklayers\nMembers of the Wisconsin State Assembly\nPoliticians from Milwaukee\nSocialist Party of America politicians from Wisconsin\n20th-century American politicians", "The Pennsylvania Auditor General Election, 2008 was held on Election Day. Incumbent Democrat Jack Wagner of Pittsburgh was unopposed for the Democratic nomination. Republican Chet Beiler, a construction executive from Penn Township, Lancaster County, was also unopposed for the Republican nomination after primary opponent Chris Walsh withdrew from the race, citing problems with his nomination petitions. Wagner had previously served as a State Senator, while Beiler had no prior political experience, but was a manufacturing executive.\n\nSee also\nPennsylvania elections, 2008\n\n2008 Pennsylvania elections\nPennsylvania Auditor General elections\nNovember 2008 events in the United States\nPennsylvania" ]

[ "Rudy Giuliani", "2000 U.S. Senate campaign", "Did Rudy hold a political position when he was running for senate in 2000?", "Republican", "Was Rudy still a mayor when he was running for senate?", "Due to term limits, Giuliani could not run in 2001 for a third term as Mayor.", "Who was his Democrat opponent for this race?", "then-U.S. First Lady Hillary Clinton" ]

[ "Hillary and Clinton is a play written by Lucas Hnath that premiered in 2016 at the Victory Gardens Theater in Chicago. The play is set in an alternate universe and tells a story centering on Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential campaign.\n\nAfter one month of previews, the play opened on Broadway on April 18, 2019, at the John Golden Theatre. The Broadway production stars Laurie Metcalf as Hillary Clinton and John Lithgow as Bill Clinton.\n\nDevelopment\nHillary and Clinton was written by Lucas Hnath in 2008. Hnath drew inspiration for the play from watching the 2008 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses and how it is conducted, as well as from watching a segment of a voter question to Hillary Clinton a few days afterwards. Hnath described it as \"a play about the Clintons that's not a play about the Clintons.\" During its development stage, the play was workshopped at Victory Gardens Theater's Ignition Festival of New Plays in 2014 then at the Cape Cod Theatre Project in 2015. The first read-through for the Victory Gardens Theater production took place in March 2016. Hnath had asked the original production team not to attempt to cast actors who resembled the real-life individuals they were to play, as he did not want the character portrayals to come across as impressions.\n\nProductions\nHillary and Clinton premiered at the Victory Gardens Theater in Chicago, where it was directed by Chay Yew and ran from April 1 to May 1, 2016. Subsequent productions were staged in theaters in Philadelphia, Richmond, and Dallas. In all of these pre-Broadway productions, Hillary Clinton was portrayed by African-American women.\n\nBroadway\nA Broadway production of Hillary and Clinton was announced in October 2018, and The Hollywood Reporter reported that the play had gone through major changes since its original run. The Broadway production is directed by Joe Mantello and stars Laurie Metcalf as Hillary Clinton and John Lithgow as Bill Clinton. It is produced by Scott Rudin, with set design by Chloe Lamford, costume design by Ann Roth, and lighting design by Hugh Vanstone.\n\nPreviews began on March 16, 2019, at the John Golden Theatre with the official opening on April 18. It is the first Broadway play to feature Hillary Clinton as a leading character.\n\nThe play closed on June 23, 2019. It was originally scheduled to close on July 21, 2019, but on June 18, 2019, it was announced the show was closing early due to poor ticket sales.\n\nSynopsis\nThe play takes place in an alternate universe and centers on a woman named Hillary Clinton who is running for President of the United States in 2008. A few days before the New Hampshire primary, Clinton is in her hotel room trying to turn her struggling campaign around. Her campaign manager Mark advises her to concede the primary race and accept her opponent's offer to be his running mate. Against Mark's advice, Clinton turns to her husband Bill for assistance, but the two disagree on how much vulnerability Clinton must show to win over voters.\n\nCast\n\nReception\nCritical reception to the original Chicago production was mixed. Writing for the Chicago Tribune, Chris Jones praised Hnath's \"audacious, whip-smart, highly entertaining\" writing but was disappointed with the casting choices. The New York Timess Charles Isherwood found the play to be overly restrained, while The Economist felt that Hillary and Clinton was at its \"most interesting\" when it looked at the political demands Hillary Clinton has had to deal with due to her gender.\n\nNotes\n\nReferences\n\n2016 plays\nAmerican political plays\nAlternate history plays\nBroadway plays\nWorks about Hillary Clinton\nCultural depictions of Bill Clinton\nCultural depictions of Barack Obama\n2008 United States presidential election in popular culture", "Hillblazers was a Youth Movement organized by Hillary Clinton's two presidential campaigns. The goal of the movement was to serve as a nationwide activist platform for young and first-time voters supporting Hillary Clinton. The term later morphed to describes Clinton's top fundraisers.\n\nOrigins \nHillblazers was unveiled during the time of Sen. Hillary Clinton's campaign in the 2008 US Presidential Election. The unveiling occurred at Wellesley College, during one of her first US Presidential Campaign stops. Hillblazers originated in New York, New York originally to promote and support Sen. Hillary Clinton's campaign, then evolved nationwide into a social networking program aimed at hosting fundraisers, and other Democratic social activities.\n\nActivities \nHillblazers was a platform for Democratic voters to demonstrate and unite with other Hillary Clinton supporters and young Democrats nationwide. Hillblazers was directed and looked after by Chelsea Clinton, and actresses America Ferrera and Amber Tamblyn. \n\nHillblazers was supported by student leaders all across America from schools to colleges; 352 alone in New Hampshire to hundreds more at schools like University of California, Penn-State, Notre Dame, to Kentucky Supporting Sen. Hillary Clinton's past and future campaigns from donating, funding to phone-banking and other youth Democratic activities. All the schools involved with Hillblazers united to assist and generate the youth and young voters to the platform from Penn-State generating out the media essence of Hillblazers by promoting and featuring such media outlets such as SplashCast's website designed 'HillarySpeaksForMe.com' and the short Hillblazers feature produced by Clinton advocate; Lucas Baiano, to Wellesley College heavily looking after the main recruiting of the Hillblazers Platform for young Democratic social activities to a wide range of fundraising.\n\nReferences \n\nhttps://web.archive.org/web/20080705112511/http://www.californiacollegedems.com/cdems/PDFs/Presidency.pdf\n\nDemocratic Party (United States) organizations\nHillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign\nOrganizations established in 2008" ]

[ "Rudy Giuliani", "2000 U.S. Senate campaign", "Did Rudy hold a political position when he was running for senate in 2000?", "Republican", "Was Rudy still a mayor when he was running for senate?", "Due to term limits, Giuliani could not run in 2001 for a third term as Mayor.", "Who was his Democrat opponent for this race?", "then-U.S. First Lady Hillary Clinton", "How was Hillary Clinton received by the public at that time?", "An early January 1999 poll showed Giuliani trailing Clinton by 10 points." ]

[ "No Rodeo ran seven independent candidates at the 2006 South Australian state election.\n\nAdelaide • Amanda Barlow\n\nGiles • Esmond Vettoretti\n\nKaurna • Jeanie Walker\n\nLight • Craig Allan\n\nNewland • Troy Walker\n\nReynell • Marie Nicholls\n\nStuart • Simon Cook\n\nThis situation arose out of the significant public attention focussed on the treatment of animals at rodeo events during the previous two years. The high level of public interest was a result of the professional documentation of routine rodeo cruelty by Jeanie and Troy Walker.\n\nThe total number of first preference votes received by the seven independent candidates was reasonable at 2131, particularly given that the independent candidates campaigned on a shoe-string budget. There was no television, radio or print advertising available to the “No Rodeo” independent candidates as funds simply did not permit. The major campaign expense was the purchase of election posters, yet the total number of election posters used by the “No Rodeo” candidates was still only 400. This small number of posters was divided between the seven candidates. Even without deliberate sabotage, such a poster campaign was dwarfed by the number of posters in use by minor and major parties.\n\nThe independent “No Rodeo” candidates were prior to the election well aware of the limitations of their campaign. They were not naïve and never believed themselves to be serious election contenders. The aim of the candidates was to raise awareness of rodeo cruelty and other justice issues and to network with people who held similar concerns. This aim was achieved and the campaign to ban bucking, roping and steer wrestling rodeo events has continued and grown stronger since March 2006.\n\nIt is also significant to note that 29,042 first preference lower house votes went to minor and major party candidates who during the election campaign publicly supported a ban on bucking, roping and steer wrestling rodeo events.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nOfficial homepage [Dead link]\nCandidates [Dead link]\n\nPolitical parties in South Australia", "The Chester-le-Street by-election, 1956 was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Chester-le-Street on 27 September 1956.\n\nVacancy\nThe by-election had been caused by the death aged 47 years on 25 June 1956 of the sitting Labour Member of Parliament (MP) Patrick Bartley. Bartley had held the seat since 1950.\n\nCandidates\nIn what was to be a straight fight between the two main parties, Labour chose Norman Pentland, a colliery checkweighman from Fatfield, County Durham as their candidate and the Conservatives selected the journalist William Rees-Mogg.\n\nIssues\nThe main political topic of the day was the Suez Crisis but the cost of living and the performance of the government on the economy were also mentioned by Labour as issues in the campaign.\n\nThe result\nIn what was a safe Labour seat during a period of Conservative government Pentland was easily elected with a majority of 21,287 votes.\n\nThe votes\n\nReferences\n\nSee also\n List of United Kingdom by-elections\n United Kingdom by-election records\n\n1956 elections in the United Kingdom\n1956 in England\n20th century in County Durham\nChester-le-Street by-elections" ]

[ "Rudy Giuliani", "2000 U.S. Senate campaign", "Did Rudy hold a political position when he was running for senate in 2000?", "Republican", "Was Rudy still a mayor when he was running for senate?", "Due to term limits, Giuliani could not run in 2001 for a third term as Mayor.", "Who was his Democrat opponent for this race?", "then-U.S. First Lady Hillary Clinton", "How was Hillary Clinton received by the public at that time?", "An early January 1999 poll showed Giuliani trailing Clinton by 10 points.", "What was a major topic that was discussed by the candidates during the campaign?", "The New York Police Department's fatal shooting of Patrick Dorismond" ]

[ "Patrick Moses Dorismond (February 28, 1974 – March 16, 2000) was an American security guard and father of two children who was killed by undercover New York City Police Department officers during the early morning of March 16, 2000. He was the younger brother of Bigga Haitian.\n\nDeath\nThe undercover police officer approached Dorismond and his friend as they were standing outside the \"Distinguished Wakamba Cocktail Lounge\" and asked Dorismond where he and his partners could purchase marijuana.\n\nThe officers say the scuffle began when Dorismond became angry after they propositioned him, loudly declaring he was not a drug dealer. They state he threw a punch at a second officer and with his friend, Kevin Kaiser, began attacking him. Officer Vasquez said he came to his partner's aid, hearing one of the men yelling \"Get his gun!\", drew his weapon and identified himself as a police officer. He said Dorismond grabbed the gun, causing it to discharge into his chest.\n\nDorismond's friend, Kevin Kaiser, says that neither of the officers identified themselves. He says he attempted unsuccessfully to pull Dorismond back from the confrontation. He described the first undercover cop who had approached Dorismond as aggressive and \"in their face\". Kaiser said it was one of the cops who initiated the fight, hitting Dorismond first.\n\nAn ambulance arrived on the scene within minutes of the shooting and Dorismond was transported to St. Clare's Hospital where attempts to resuscitate him proved futile. The single bullet from Vasquez's 9mm pistol had struck Dorismond's aorta and his right lung, and he rapidly bled to death.\n\nAftermath\nMuch of the controversy over the Dorismond shooting revolved around then-Mayor Rudy Giuliani, who was then in the midst of an abortive United States Senate campaign. His release of Dorismond's sealed juvenile delinquency record immediately after the shooting raised the ire of the African-American community as well as critics of the Mayor, whose office defended the release using the rationale that the right to privacy does not survive an individual's death.\nGiuliani also said that he only wanted to show that Dorismond was \"no altar boy\". Ironically, Dorismond had attended the same Catholic school as Giuliani and had indeed been an altar boy. Giuliani's actions became a hot-button issue in his Senate campaign against Hillary Clinton and cost him several points in the polls.\n\nDorismond's funeral, a Catholic Mass in Brooklyn, was a highly emotional affair marred by clashes between thousands of protestors and the NYPD. 23 police officers were injured, and several protesters were arrested.\n\nOn July 27, 2000, a grand jury declined to indict Officer Vasquez in the death of Dorismond, announcing that they had found the shooting to be accidental.\n\nOn March 12, 2003, the City of New York agreed to pay the Dorismond family $2.25 million to settle a suit filed on behalf of the family.\n\nIn popular culture\nIn 2000, the New York City feminist band Le Tigre released the song \"Bang! Bang!\" on their EP From the Desk of Mr. Lady as a critique of the incident. The song calls the police out on racial profiling. Kathleen Hanna sings: \"Wrong fucking timeWrong fucking placeThere is no fucking wayThis is not about race\".\n\nImmortal Technique commented on the incident in the song \"The Other White Meat\":\n\nDorismond is the first name mentioned in the recitation \"Rollcall For Those Absent\", from the album The Imagined Savior is Far Easier to Paint (Blue Note, 2014) by jazz trumpeter Ambrose Akinmusire.\n\nReferences\n\n1974 births\n2000 deaths\nPeople from New York City\nDeaths by firearm in New York City\nAccidental deaths in New York (state)\nAmerican people of Haitian descent\nPeople shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States\nAfrican-American Catholics", "Charles Andre Dorismond (born November 4, 1964), better known by his stage name Bigga Haitian, is a Haitian musician and singer who rose to fame in the 1990s. He is known as \"the first Haitian singer to break into the Jamaican reggae scene\", tearing down national and cultural walls and paving the way for the next generation of Haitian artists. Today's most talented Haitian artists, such as Wyclef Jean and Mecca aka Grimo, credit Bigga as an influence.\n\nEarly life \nBorn Charles Dorismond in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, Bigga hails from a musical family. His father, Andre Dorismond, was the lead singer of The Webert Sicot Group, pioneers of Haitian dance music known as compas (kompa). Bigga immigrated to New York City at the age of 8 and grew up amidst the pulsating rhythms of reggae music in the vibrant Jamaican community of Flatbush, Brooklyn. Bigga knew that he was destined to become a reggae singer after seeing Admiral Bailey perform his hit tune \"Big Belly Man\" at Manhattan's Reggae Lounge in 1987.\n\nMusical career \nBigga released his first single, \"Haiti A Weh Mi From\" (Flames Records), in 1989. The track reached #1 on the Haitian charts, and is still a staple of Haitian radio to this day. Bigga's first full album, 1997's I Am Back (Royal Productions/Jomino/Roots International), features a remix of this dancehall anthem.\n\nIn 2002, Bigga released his second album, Binghi Mon. The title track was inspired by racial profiling of Rastafarians and other groups following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Also called \"The Osama Tune,\" the song rails against violence, denouncing the Taliban and Osama bin Laden.\n\nOver the next few years, Bigga performed with notable reggae musicians including Shabba Ranks, Cocoa Tea and Junior Reid. Bigga's unique brand of toasting enabled him to cross over into hip-hop, opening for Lil' Kim and Jay-Z.\n\nIn 2006, Bigga signed with his current label, New York-based independent, Walkup Records. Several years earlier, Walkup co-founder Marc Lawrence had signed Bigga to a publishing deal with another company. In February 2006, Lawrence brought Bigga to Walkup's other co-founder Brett Smith's home studio to demo some new songs. Smith and Lawrence recognized the potential in the reggae veteran's material and signed him immediately. In an interview with Skope Magazine, Bigga offered high praise for his new label, \"After twenty years of making reggae music, just now, I feel that I'm in the music business because of these guys' professionalism.\"\n\nLater that year, Bigga's first track for Walkup, \"Gi Me Da Weed\" was released as a digital single to \"monster downloads from iTunes, Rhapsody and eMusic\" and \"heavy airplay on reggae radio stations.\" A full album, Sak Pasé was released online in 2009 and was released on CD in early 2010.\n\nOn August 12, 2009, \"King of Glory\" from 2003's Binghi Mon and \"London Massive\" from 2009's Sak Pasé were featured in the series finale of NBC's The Philanthropist.\n\nPatrick Dorismond \nBigga's brother Patrick Dorismond was killed by members of the New York Police Department on March 16, 2000. Bigga honored the memory of his late brother with \"Tribute to Patrick Dorismond\" a track released as a 7\" single by Jah Life Int'l Records and later included on Bigga's 2003 album, Binghi Mon. Revered reggae artist Barrington Levy donated his anthem \"Murderer\" to serve as the basis for the track. \"Tribute\" was produced by Jah Life, who also produced the original Barrington Levy recording.\n\nDiscography\n\nAlbums \n2009: Sak Pasé (Walkup Records)\n2003: Binghi Mon (BH Records Dorismond Enterprises inc )\n1997: I Am Back (Royal Productions/Jomino/Roots International/BH RECORDS )\n2021: Money Time ( Blaza music Group/ dorismond enterprises inc)\n\nSingles \n2006: Gi Me Da Weed (Walkup Records)\n2006: Hail Up the King (Etaste Music)\n2003: Tribute to Patrick Dorismond (Jah Life Int'l Records)\n1994: Red Carpet (Big Ship)\n1994: Sexy Body (Big Ship)\n1992: Mad Over Jah (Justice)\n1990: Gimme Mi Country (Flames Records)\n1989: Haiti A Weh Mi From (Flames Records)\n(2012:, jah children arise ) dorismond Enterprises inc)\n\n(2012: mama kush) Dorismond Enterprises inc \n\n(2012:COMING HOME: /dorismond Enterprises inc\n\nCompilations \n2009: Focus Riddim (Raw Moon/Top Tier)\n2009: Tribe of Kings Presents: Bigga Fiyah Mix (Strictly Vibes Vol. 3) Mixed by Dash Eye and Hosted by Bigga Haitian (Tribe of Kings)\n2008: Ragga Kreyol (Chevry Records)\n2006: Love Roots & Culture (Gyasi)\n1995: Best of the Best, Vol. 5 (RAS Records)\n(2012: MY BEST GIRL ALLAN KURFEW FT BIGGA HAITIAN\n\nReferences\n\n1964 births\nLiving people\nReggae musicians\nHaitian emigrants to the United States\nHaitian human rights activists\nMusicians from Brooklyn\nPeople from Port-au-Prince\n20th-century Haitian male singers\n21st-century Haitian male singers" ]

[ "Rudy Giuliani", "2000 U.S. Senate campaign", "Did Rudy hold a political position when he was running for senate in 2000?", "Republican", "Was Rudy still a mayor when he was running for senate?", "Due to term limits, Giuliani could not run in 2001 for a third term as Mayor.", "Who was his Democrat opponent for this race?", "then-U.S. First Lady Hillary Clinton", "How was Hillary Clinton received by the public at that time?", "An early January 1999 poll showed Giuliani trailing Clinton by 10 points.", "What was a major topic that was discussed by the candidates during the campaign?", "The New York Police Department's fatal shooting of Patrick Dorismond", "When was Patrick Dorismond shot?", "March 2000" ]

[ "Lionel Péan (born 17 September 1956 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye) is a French sailor who won the Whitbread Round the World Race.\n\nHe won the 1983 Solitaire du Figaro solo race.\n\nPéan skippered L'Esprit d'équipe in the 1985–86 Whitbread Round the World Race. The boat won three of the four legs and won the race with a corrected time of 111 days 23 hours. At age 29, he was the youngest winning skipper in the race’s history.\n\nHe competed in a legends regatta before the 2011–12 Volvo Ocean Race with the same crew, and again won the regatta.\n\nReferences\n\n1956 births\nLiving people\nSportspeople from Saint-Germain-en-Laye\nFrench male sailors (sport)\nVolvo Ocean Race sailors", "Charles Caudrelier (born 26 February 1974) is a French sailor who has sailed in multiple Volvo Ocean Races.\n\nBorn in Paris and raised in Brittany, Caudrelier is a merchant navy officer. He won the Solitaire du Figaro, a solo race, in 2004 and also completed the race in 2005 and 2006. He won the Transat Jacques Vabre, a two man race, in 2009 and 2013.\n\nHe sailed on Groupama 4 in the 2011–12 Volvo Ocean Race. Groupama won the race.\n\nHe skippered the Dongfeng Race Team in the 2014–15 Volvo Ocean Race. Three years later he skippered again the Dongfeng Race Team, and this time they won in the 2017–18 Volvo Ocean Race.\n\nReferences\n\n1974 births\nLiving people\nFrench male sailors (sport)\nVolvo Ocean Race sailors" ]

[ "Rudy Giuliani", "2000 U.S. Senate campaign", "Did Rudy hold a political position when he was running for senate in 2000?", "Republican", "Was Rudy still a mayor when he was running for senate?", "Due to term limits, Giuliani could not run in 2001 for a third term as Mayor.", "Who was his Democrat opponent for this race?", "then-U.S. First Lady Hillary Clinton", "How was Hillary Clinton received by the public at that time?", "An early January 1999 poll showed Giuliani trailing Clinton by 10 points.", "What was a major topic that was discussed by the candidates during the campaign?", "The New York Police Department's fatal shooting of Patrick Dorismond", "When was Patrick Dorismond shot?", "March 2000", "Who won the race?", "he announced his withdrawal from the Senate race." ]

[ "The 74th running of the Tour of Flanders cycling classic was held on Sunday, 1 April 1990. Italian Moreno Argentin won the race in a two-man sprint with Rudy Dhaenens. 102 of 194 riders finished the race.\n\nRace report\nThe race was run in exceptionally warm and sunny April weather. Italian Fabio Roscioli was the last survivor of an early breakaway, but was caught by a seven-man group on the Eikenberg. 30 from the finish, Laurent Fignon and Per Pedersen broke away from the group, but were counterattacked and dropped by Moreno Argentin and Rudy Dhaenens. Argentin, a four-time winner of Liège–Bastogne–Liège easily won the two-man sprint.\n\nRoute\nThe race started in Sint-Niklaas and finished in Meerbeke (Ninove) – totaling 262 km.\nThe course featured 13 categorized climbs:\n\nResults\n\nExternal links\n Video of the 1990 Tour of Flanders on Sporza (in Dutch)\n\nReferences\n\n1990\n1990 in road cycling\n1990 in Belgian sport\n1990 UCI Road World Cup\nApril 1990 sports events in Europe", "Rudy Burckhardt (April 6, 1914 – August 1, 1999) was a Swiss-American filmmaker, and photographer, known for his photographs of the hand-painted billboards that began to dominate the American landscape in the 1940s and 1950s.\n\nLife\nBurckhardt was a member of the Swiss patrician Burckhardt family. He discovered photography as a medical student in London. He left medicine to pursue photography in the 1930s. He immigrated to New York City in 1935. Between 1934 and 1939, he traveled to Paris, New York and Haiti making photographs mostly of city streets and experimenting with short 16mm films. While stationed in Trinidad in the Signal Corps from 1941-1944, he filmed the island's residents. In 1947, he joined the Photo League in New York City. Burckhardt married painter Yvonne Jacquette whom he collaborated with throughout their 40-year marriage. During the mid-Fifties he worked with Joseph Cornell on \"The Aviary\", \"Nymphlight\", \"A Fable For Fountains\", and \"What Mozart Saw On Mulberry Street\". He taught filmmaking and painting at the University of Pennsylvania from 1967 to 1975. He is the great-uncle of author Andreas Burckhardt.\n\nBurckhardt committed suicide by drowning in the lake on his property.\n\nExhibitions (selection)\nOctober 25, 2014 - February 15, 2015 \"Rudy Burckhardt – In the Jungle of the Big City\" at \nNovember 4, 2011 - March 25, 2012 \"The Radical Camera: New York's Photo League, 1936-1951\" at Jewish Museum (New York)\nSeptember 23, 2008 – January 4, 2009 \"New York, N. Why? Photographs by Rudy Burckhardt, 1937–1940\" at Metropolitan Museum of Art\nMay 9 – July 15, 2000 \"Rudy Burckhardt and Friends: New York Artists of the 1950s and '60s\" at New York University\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\"The Cinema of Looking\", Jacket 21 \nhttp://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/b/rudy_burckhardt/index.html\nhttp://www.film-makerscoop.com/search/search.php?author=Rudolph+Burckhardt\nhttp://www.milkmag.org/burckhardt%20page.htm\nhttp://www.moma.org/interactives/exhibitions/2002/burckhardt/\nhttp://www.tibordenagy.com/artists/rudy-burckhardt/Burckhardt\n\nAudio recording of Rudy Burckhardt Lecture, 1992, from Maryland Institute College of Art's Decker Library, Internet Archive\n Copyright permissions for Rudy Burckhardt, from the WATCH File\n\n1914 births\n1999 deaths\n1999 suicides\nSwiss emigrants to the United States\n20th-century American photographers\nPeople from Basel-Stadt\nAmerican filmmakers\nPeople from Searsmont, Maine\nRudy\nSuicides by drowning in the United States\nSuicides in Maine" ]

[ "Steeleye Span", "Maddy 'leaves the bus'" ]

[ "Locusts (also called Locusts: Day of Destruction outside the United States) is a 2005 natural horror television film directed by David Jackson and starring Lucy Lawless, Dylan Neal, John Heard and Gregory Alan Williams as a group of scientists, farmers and government officials as they attempt to stop a swarm of genetically engineered locusts from devouring the United States.\n\nPlot \n\nAt a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) lab at the Virginia Institute of Agriculture (VIA), Gina (Amanda Baker), accompanied by her boyfriend Willy (Drew Seeley), enter one of the labs containing a swarm of Australian plague locusts in order to feed them. The locusts are contained in an independent glass room, sealed off from the lab by an inner and outer door. Willy refuses to go into the locusts, so Gina does it herself, carrying a ficus tree as food, telling Willy to seal the outer door behind her. Willy asks her if she will put on the protective suit provided but she laughs, stating they are \"grasshoppers, not tarantulas\". Gina unlocks the inner door using the keypad and enters the glass room carrying the ficus tree, without the protective suit. Almost straight away, the locusts begin to swarm upon her, rather than the tree. Gina escapes with the help of Willy, both shaken by what they have witnessed.\n\nIn Georgetown, Washington D.C., Maddy Rierdon (Lucy Lawless) and her boyfriend Dan Dryer (Dylan Neal) are having a romantic morning together, but it is interrupted by Maddy's phone ringing. Maddy answers to discover it is her assistant, Vivian (Esperanza Catubig), who is ringing, telling her that a lab at the VIA has been red flagged by the Government Accountability Office (GAO). When Vivian tries to investigate using her security contacts, she finds the information is classified, so Maddy requests to meet her outside the VIA in 15 minutes, much to the irritation of Dan, who has taken time from work to spend time with Maddy, who promises they will talk when she returns shortly. Maddy meets with Vivian outside, and discovers the lab in question is being overseen by Dr. Peter Axelrod (John Heard), a former professor to Maddy; she goes inside to meet him. It is revealed Maddy is now Peter's boss at the USDA.\n\nPeter takes her to Lab C-12, the same lab Gina and Willy fled from the night before. Peter goes into the glass room containing the locusts, and extracts a single insect for himself and Maddy to take a look at, instructing her to put on a gas mask at the same time. Peter puts the insect into a sealed cage, and squirts it with DDT, a pesticide. The insect is only briefly immobilised by the DDT but recovers in mere seconds to continue flying round the cage, shocking Maddy. Peter reveals that they are his creation. They are not just Australian plague locusts, but a hybrid, crossed with the desert locust. Peter further reveals they are resistant to all known pesticides, not just DDT, that they reproduce ten times faster than normal locusts and they live longer. Maddy, horrified, proclaims it a bioweapon and orders the locusts exterminated, reluctantly firing Peter. Scientists with protective suits and flame throwers exterminate all the locusts, save for a handful, which one of the scientists puts into a tube labelled \"biohazard\". Whilst the exterminator clears up, he accidentally drops the jar in the sink, causing several of them to escape down the drain. The exterminator flees before his mistake can be discovered, but as he does so, the escaped locusts can be seen flying away from the building. Maddy returns to Dan several hours later than she said, but Dan has had enough, packing her a suitcase, telling her they are over. Maddy leaves to go on her next mission.\n\nMeanwhile, at Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland, the same exterminator brings the remaining insects in a sealed metal case to a waiting officer, who delivers them on a military plane bound for Beale Air Force Base in California. When the case is offloaded onto an army truck, the officer handling it is attacked by an unknown insect, causing him to drop the case on the runway. When the army truck goes around to retrieve it, they accidentally run it over, destroying the box and releasing the remaining four insects into the air.\n\nOne month later, Maddy discovers she is pregnant and tries to call Dan to talk to him, but he is showing some international delegates around the United Nations Experimental Farm in Virginia, and she is unable to tell him before he is forced to end the call. Meanwhile, a couple camping by the American River in California wake up to discover their tent is saturated with a swarm of sleeping locusts, and they flee. A few hours later, the same swarm descends on the Napa Valley as a large black cloud, causing famers to flee. Coincidentally, Maddy, on the road in California with the USDA Voracious Insect Mobile Research Lab, sees the same swarm flying overhead. She begins to track them.\n\nIn Leesburg, Virginia, Peter, his wife Terry (Caroline McKinley) and their daughter Sofia (Jenna Hildebrand) are having breakfast. Terry leaves for work, and Peter accompanies Sofia to the bus stop on her way to school, then follows the bus in his car on his way to the gym, before the bus turns off the road to travel towards the school. Peter and Sofia wave to each other. As Peter is heading towards the gym, he hears the buzzes of insects, but cannot see them, so stops by a nearby cornfield, where the swarm of insects suddenly take off into the sky. Peter realises with horror they are his hybrid locusts, and they are heading in the direction of the school bus. The locusts swarm the school bus, attacking the children and knocking them unconscious. Peter drags the unconscious Sofia back to his car, and heads to hospital. Back in Napa Valley, Maddy and her team are on the scene of the earlier swarm's attack on the farm, revealing the locusts have stripped every single bush and tree down to the bark.\n\nIn Washington D.C., Dan is at his computer at the United Nations Field Office when he the computer beeps with an alert that reads \"locust infestation advisory\". Dan calls Maddy to ask her about it, but she reveals she issued it. They begin to reconcile over their earlier argument but Maddy is called away by the Secretary of Agriculture before they can finish, who asks her what is going on. In the hospital, Sofia is revealed to be comatose, looked after by Peter and Terry. Maddy calls the United States Weather Service in Oklahoma for an update on weather patterns to try to predict the two swarms' next movement. The USWS predicts the Virginia swarm will head towards the city of Pittsburgh in the coming hours but mentions they gave the same information to Peter. Maddy asks Vivian to try to get Peter on the line, a grim expression on her face.\n\nMeanwhile, in Visalia, California, some 200 miles south east of Napa, a citrus festival is being held, attended by many families. Peter calls Maddy as the latter passes a sign for the festival, revealing they are his locusts that are swarming. Peter tries to help Maddy but she refuses, wanting him as far from the locusts as possible. Maddy realises as she passes the sign for the festival that's where they will strike next. Maddy and her team begin to evacuate the festival in advance of the locusts, but Vivian reveals the swarm is just minutes away, and both the festival and the team are attacked by the swarm. A dropped video camera records the event.\n\nIn Pittsburgh, a hot dog retailer sets up his stand ready for lunch in the city centre, sunlight glinting on the tall glass buildings of the city. True to the USWS's predictions, the swarm begins to reach the city, their huge black cloud noticed by the workers in the city's many tall buildings. Pandemonium erupts in the streets, as the locusts are shown to be swarming in the streets and entering the office buildings via the air vents. At Pittsburgh International Airport, Air Traffic Control are overseeing the take off of a cargo plane, watched by Peter. Peter tries to get Ruby (Mikki Val), the lead air traffic controller, not to launch planes to the north east, as the locusts are heading from that direction. Ruby does not take him seriously, and the cargo plane runs into the swarm, overloading the engines, causing them to fail. The plane crashes in a fiery explosion just yards from the end of the runway in full view of Ruby, who realises her mistake too late.\n\nBack at the hospital, Peter and Terry see the news, which broadcasts the video captured earlier at the festival by the dropped camera. Peter explains to Terry that they are his locusts, angering Terry. Before they can talk further, FBI agents arrive and escort Peter to federal custody. Meanwhile, at the Department for Homeland Security, a meeting takes place between Maddy, her boss Secretary Morales (Mike Gomez), General Miller (Gregory Alan Williams), Senator Clauson (Margaret Lawhon), Director Rusk (Mark Costello), and Lorelei Wentworth (Natalija Nogulich) to determine the course of action required. Maddy's former boyfriend Dan is also in attendance as a crop expert. General Miller is not convinced they are a threat, but changes his mind when he sees the evidence, warning Secretary Morales privately he may not have his job much longer and proposing the military use weapons against them. Dan recommends bringing in the harvest early across the country to try and starve the locusts. During the meeting, Director Rusk receives a call stating the eastern swarm of locusts have now turned carnivorous. At Maddy's request, Vivian locates Peter, who is being held at Fort Douglas, a bioweapons facility.\n\nThe FBI reveal to Peter they plan to dump extremely toxic VX gas, a nerve agent, on the locusts to kill them; Peter is uneasy. Maddy pleads with General Miller to help her speak to Peter, he relents and they travel to Fort Douglas to meet him, where Peter reveals to Maddy about the VX nerve gas. Maddy is furious, likening it to a nuclear bomb, but she reluctantly boards a helicopter with General Miller and Peter for a test run over the eastern swarm in Ohio, Miller promising Maddy it will only be used on rural areas with little to no population. Maddy questions its legality, but Miller retorts that it has been authorised by the President. Whilst they board the helicopter, Maddy discreetly makes a call to the news, informing them of the VX nerve gas test run. However, when they are airborne, the USWS informs the group the swarm over Ohio they would be targeting has moved towards southern Indiana and Miller continues to press ahead with the plans. Maddy and Peter are horrified, as southern Indiana is more populated than Ohio, pleading with Miller to turn around, but Miller coldly replies he never said there would not be fatalities. Maddy, desperate, begins using a spanner to smash the VX container on board the helicopter, forcing Miller to turn around before the gas is released, which would cause all on board to die. The helicopter is ordered to turn around regardless when the national news breaks stories of the VX gas being used, as the mission relied on secrecy. Miller is furious.\n\nMaddy calls Dan, asking him to check on her grandfather, Lyle (Mike Farrell), whose farm is in Indiana and thus right in the path of the locusts. Dan leaves immediately for Indiana. Lyle begins gathering the cattle and moving them indoors in advance of the swarm, helped by Maddy and Peter, who arrive in a military vehicle, and by Dan who arrives just as the swarm approaches. They take shelter in a metal grain silo just in time, but as they do so, Maddy notices the electric fly trap on the outside has killed a few locusts. This gives Maddy the idea to use the generator inside the silo to send an electric current to the outside of the grain silo, hopefully killing them. The only problem is the generator has no fuel, the only fuel available is on the other side of the farm. Peter volunteers to go and get it, given that he created them, and covers himself with a sheet to try and protect himself. The swarm attack him immediately and though he makes it back inside, he is covered in bites and blood, revealing the swarm are indeed carnivorous. Lyle loads up the generator and Dan attaches the cables to the metal shell of the silo, sending a powerful current through it. The part of the swarm that attacked the grain silo are killed, but Peter has lost too much blood, and dies. Armed with the knowledge on how to kill them, Dan and Maddy race back to Washington D.C. before the VX gas is used again.\n\nAt the Department for Homeland Security, the debate continues on how to deal with them, those in the meeting reluctantly agreeing to Miller's plan to use the toxic VX gas on both swarms as there is no alternative. Maddy and Dan enter the debate and try to convince the others they know how to kill them without killing the human population too - they can use electricity. Miller does not believe it can work, calling it \"fantasy\" and Secretary Morales, Maddy's boss, angrily tells them to sit down, but the quiet Lorelei Wentworth defends Dan and Maddy, revealing she is the Secretary for the Department of Energy, and that it may indeed be possible to create a massive electric current to kill the swarms, as both swarms are approaching the Continental Power Grids. If the United States switches off their electricity, she can re-route the unused power through the grids, causing a massive electrical current and expanding the electrical field beyond the wires. This persuades Senator Clauson to support the electricity plan, especially as it means not dumping a nerve agent on her people. Director Rusk gives the go ahead for the plan to increase the electricity current through the power lines, but General Miller is skeptical, and warns he will act when the plan does not work.\n\nDan is concerned that the locust swarms will not be attracted to the current, but Maddy has a flashback - the locusts are attracted to bright light, hence why they attacked the glass office buildings in Pittsburgh and the metal grain silo, both of which reflected sunlight. Maddy calls the USWS again, who agree to launch weather balloons near the power lines in an attempt to attract them. At dawn the next day, power is switched off throughout the United States and rerouted to the two power lines, one each in western and eastern America. Meanwhile, preparations continue in Utah for a launch of VX gas should the electricity plan fail. Maddy and Dan arrive at one of the two sites, and instruct the Air Force to move the weather balloons closer to the power lines, otherwise they will not work. Maddy and Dan reconcile, but just as they are about to kiss, the swarm arrives and they retreat to their car for safety. Wentworth activates the power grid, and the swarms fly into the massively amplified power cables. The cables burst into flames with the amount of current, exploding the transformers, but the plan works, the locust swarms are killed by the electricity. Those in the Department of Homeland Security meeting celebrate, but Secretary Morales reverses the situation on General Miller, warning him he might not have a job much longer for wanting to gas the American people.\n\nOne year later, Maddy and Dan have a child together. Maddy receives a call about her next work, but consults with Dan before she accepts, as she finally accepts family time is more important than her job.\n\nCast \n\n Lucy Lawless as Dr. Maddy Rierdon\n Dylan Neal as Dr. Dan Dryer \n John Heard as Dr. Peter Axelrod\n Gregory Alan Williams as General Miller\n Mike Farrell as Lyle Rierdon\n Natalija Nogulich as Lorelei Wentworth\n Mike Gomez as Secretary Morales\n Esperanza Catubig as Vivian\n Sam Temeles as Wyatt Reynolds\n Mark Costello as Director Rusk\n Margaret Lawhon as Senator Clauson\n Caroline McKinley: Terry Axelrod\n D.J. Dierker as Jonas Hanauer\n Nicolas Roye as Jimmy\n Drew Seeley as Willy\n Joel Steingold as Cargo Pilot\n Chaz Roberson as School Bus Driver\n Jenna Hildebrand as Sofia Axelrod\n Lara Grice as Felicia\n Amanda Baker as Gina\n Greg Corbett as Karl\n Azure Parsons: Stacy\n Marcus Lyle Brown as FBI Agent\n Wayne Ferrara as Military Officer\n Dave Nemeth as Newscaster\n Abdoulaye Camara as African Translator\n Mikki Val as Ruby\n\nReferences \n\nCBS network films\n2005 films\n2005 television films\n2005 horror films\nAmerican natural horror films", "Maddy Osborne is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera Home and Away, played by Kassandra Clementi. Maddy debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 24 January 2013. The actress was living abroad when she was offered the role and flew back to Sydney to take the role. Maddy is from a middle class Australian family and is a talented violinist. Despite this Maddy chose to run away from home and arrives in Summer Bay with her boyfriend Spencer Harrington (Andrew Morley). She is taken in by Roo Stewart (Georgie Parker) and Harvey Ryan (Marcus Graham). The storyline was part of producer Lucy Addario's vision for Home and Away to revisit the issues of fostering. Maddy settles into the local school and her relationship with Spencer comes to an end. Following this the character begins to misbehave and is involved in a car accident. The writers then paired her up with new character Josh Barrett (Jackson Gallagher) and their relationship dramas took Maddy through into her second year in the series.\n\nMaddy and Josh's relationship comes to an end and she behaves erratically after he gets with Evelyn MacGuire (Philippa Northeast). Maddy remains in love with Josh and an infidelity storyline soon follows. Maddy, who also sleeps with Oscar MacGuire (Jake Speer) is told she is pregnant and becomes unsure of who the father is. In a \"storyline twist\" Maddy is told that she is not pregnant and actually has ovarian cancer. Clementi branded it a \"contemporary issue\" and wanted to portray the \"raw truth\" of the illness. The plot explored Maddy taking chemotherapy, losing an ovary and facing the prospect of not having children. Maddy develops a connection with Oscar as he supports her. They go on to share a relationship. Maddy departed Home and Away on 31 May 2016.\n\nCasting\nThe character was first seen during an official promo for the 2013 season. Clementi's casting was announced on 6 January 2013. The actress was living overseas and was offered the role on 4 July 2012. She immediately got an airplane to Sydney and accepted the role. The actress revealed that she was homesick for Australia and thought it was \"a wonderful opportunity\" to join Home and Away. She stated that she wanted to make Maddy \"one of the most loved characters in Summer Bay.\"\n\nDevelopment\n\nCharacterisation\n\nShe is described on the show's official website as being \"a cautious kid and a thinker\". She likes to play it safe and dislikes gossiping. Clementi described Maddy as being \"an energetic and very loving young girl who is mature and wise beyond her 16 years. She can be a perfectionist and works hard to achieve her goals. She has a passion and flair for music - especially the violin.\" Despite Maddy being a talented violinist, Clementi can not play the instrument but has taken violin lessons. She told Yahoo!7's reporter that Maddy is \"very quirky, bubbly and wise for her age and very mature.\" But because she is sixteen, she still makes mistakes and is in the process of finding out who she is. Maddy is from a middle class Australian family.\n\nIntroduction\nIn a November 2012 interview, producer Lucy Addario said that Home and Away would revisit the issue of fostering. The refocus allowed her to introduce \"new talents\" to the show. Maddy is a teen runaway, who arrives in the Bay with Spencer Harrington (Andrew Morley). Maddy falls ill and she and Spencer are found living in the local high school. They later turn up on the doorstep of Roo Stewart (Georgie Parker) and Harvey Ryan's (Marcus Graham) home. Clementi's co-star, Lynne McGranger (Irene Roberts), told Amie Parker-Williams from Digital Spy that Maddy and Spencer arrive with a secret and that an older brother, Chris (Johnny Ruffo), would also turn up and create some drama. The character's introduction comes after producers announced that they would feature more fostering storylines in the show. During a photo-shoot for TV Week, Clementi revealed that \"they are really doing all they can to survive at that time, stealing food, and doing what they need, and sleeping in places they shouldn't be for shelter.\" Maddy and Spencer also want to protect their secret and Clementi said that this causes a lot of trust issues. It is the reason they are on the run and reluctant to tell people the truth. Sasha Bezmel (Demi Harman) discovers them sleeping in the school and convinces Roo to help. They leave Maddy and Spencer food and an offer of help. Clementi told a reporter from Inside Soap that \"at first, they're very reserved about Roo's offer - they know that living with others presents the possibility that whatever they're hiding may be revealed.\" The duo remain reluctant to accept help until Maddy becomes ill. Maddy does not want to go to hospital. Clementi told Miller that her character is fearful that the hospital will contact her parents once they know her details. But she later noted that it was the point that Maddy accepts help.\n\nParker told Claire Crick from All About Soap that Roo can empathise with Maddy and Spencer because of her own history. Roo is \"immediately drawn to them\" and angry that no one else views them the same way. Parker was pleased with fostering themed storylines because the show was about \"giving people with nowhere to go a home\". Parker also wants Roo to become their actual foster parent.\n\nMaddy decides that she is ready consummate her relationship with Spencer on his birthday. Morely told Inside Soap's reporter that \"now they're more settled in the Bay and their relationship is stronger, they feel it is the right time.\" But the couple cannot get privacy due to Chris' presence. Spencer manages to solve the problem, but as they get passionate, it makes them feel awkward. Morely explained that the lovers are under pressure, have other things on their minds and do not feel right. This event makes Maddy question their relationship.\n\nCar accident\nFollowing her break-up with Spencer she begins to behave erratically. She befriends Casey Braxton (Lincoln Younes) who is upset over his ex-girlfriend Tamara Kingsley (Kelly Paterniti). She decides to comfort him and tries to seduce him. Younes explained that his character rejects her advances because he senses that she will feel better in the future. He knows that she is doing it for the wrong reasons and chooses to do the \"noble thing\". Maddy later attends a party with Casey and meets Josh Barrett (Jackson Gallagher). Roo attempts to convince Maddy to come home but she refuses. She sneaks off with Josh to avoid Casey taking her home. Younes told a TV Week reporter that Casey knows Maddy is trying to lose her virginity and he believes it is not right. When Casey drags Maddy away from Josh a fight ensues and they drive off.\n\nHowever Josh and his brother Andy Barrett (Tai Hara) start a car chase. Younes explained that Maddy is making amends with Casey when they are suddenly hit by a four-wheel-drive. He revealed that \"Maddy is unconscious and the car is burning so he has to act very quickly, he's really hurt but manages to carry Maddy out of the car before it explodes.\" The car then explodes and the impact knocks the two characters to the ground. No one realises they are missing and are found the following morning when Maddy gets help. The crash and explosion were part of big stunt scenes for Home and Away. Younes revealed that he filmed his own stunts carrying Clementi when the explosion impacted. The car chase scenes were filmed at night on location down a narrow road. The cast described the shoot as a \"scary\" scenario.\n\nRelationship with Josh Barrett\nFollowing the accident Maddy tries to support Josh. He decides to try to make amends with the Braxton family but they are not interested. She comforts him and they kiss. Gallagher told Gavin Scott (TV Week) that it his \"dream come true\". He added that \"Maddy is just this beautiful girl, he's blown away by her beauty. He has fallen in love with how sweet and caring she is.\"\n\nTheir relationship later becomes scrutinised by fellow characters following a fire at Mangrove River High School. The police believe that Maddy and Josh have started the fire because they find CCTV footage placing them at the scene of the crime. Clementi told TV Week's Erin Miller that the fire is bad and leaves the school unusable. Maddy and Josh were sleeping there after they ran away from home but their trespassing makes them suspects. Roo is disappointed with Maddy and is unsure of her innocence. The actress added \"Roo freaks out because she knows if there's hard evidence, they may be involved, she's scared Josh and Maddy could get into a lot of trouble. Maddy did not start the fire and protests her innocence.\" The storyline marked the first time their relationship becomes problematic. Clementi explained that Maddy suspects Josh of arson and which makes him angry and \"it throws a spanner in the works for their relationship.\" She also noted that despite his bad track record Maddy has continued to be there for Josh. But Roo believes he is responsible and decides to warn Josh to keep away from Maddy. Gallagher told Miller that \"he's developed quite strong feelings for Maddy, but thinks it might be in her best interest for him to leave.\" Writers continued to use Maddy's involvement with Josh as ways to create dangerous scenarios for the character. One example occurred when Josh chooses to spend time with Maddy, leaving his brother Andy jealous. The latter spikes Maddy's drink and she begins to behave oddly. Josh discovers the truth and fight ensues over Maddy.\n\nJosh and Maddy's relationship comes to an end. He begins dating Evelyn MacGuire (Philippa Northeast) but Maddy remains in love with Josh. When he refuses to take Evelyn to the school formal because he is embarrassed over his financial situation, Maddy assumes that he still wants to be with her instead. Gallagher believed that the partnership between Josh and Evelyn is stronger than the one he shared with Maddy. He felt that they experienced a lack of mutual respect, adding that \"with Maddy he always felt like he was beneath her, and that she would talk down to him.\" Following Casey's death Josh is feeling vulnerable and Evelyn rebuffs his attempts at being intimate. Josh seeks comfort with Maddy and they sleep together. Maddy also uses a previous one-night-stand Oscar MacGuire (Jake Speer) and this angers Evelyn more. Northeast told Downie that Maddy takes advantage of Josh when he is vulnerable. But she also feels like she pushed Josh into having sex with Maddy because she wouldn't. The actress concluded that Maddy was able to give Josh something that Evelyn could not.\n\nCancer\nThe show created an issue led plot for Maddy which began airing in November 2014. Maddy is taken ill during the night with a \"mystery illness\". Doctor Nate Cooper (Kyle Pryor) assumes it is a virus but runs blood tests to find out. Maddy discover that she is pregnant and assumes that Josh is the father. But when Marilyn Chambers (Emily Symons) points out that she looks more than eight weeks pregnant she realises that Oscar might be the father. Clementi explained that \"she's always been in love with Josh and regards it as an opportunity to become a family with him. Maddy tells Oscar everything but tries to prevent Josh from learning the truth.\n\nWhen Maddy goes to have a scan to determine the father Nate is shocked to discover that she is not pregnant. Nate informs her that she has a suspicious mass growing on one of her ovaries. Clementi said that it no-one saw the shock coming. The news is \"life changing\" for Maddy, and she had already endured too much drama during the suspected pregnancy. Maddy decides to go ahead with an operation to remove the mass. But Nate informs her that they also had to remove her ovary, lessening the chance of her having children. Maddy is told that she has an aggressive form of cancer and will need to begin chemotherapy. Maddy is left with an \"indescribable feeling\" and fears it may be the end of her life. Other character decide to offer her their support, but Maddy refuses to see anyone. Clementi defended her character stating that she feels \"suffocated\" and people are \"crowding her\". She cannot come to terms with her diagnosis because \"it's all too much\". She is also reluctant to start chemotherapy because she wants to decide on treatment option. The actress believed her character was not behaving weak but rather using her \"strong and smart\" personality traits to fight the illness. But Nate warns her that she needs to begin treatment right away to survive. Clementi believed the storyline was a \"contemporary issue\" and hoped it was portrayed \"in the right light\". The actress was an ambassador for a cancer charity, so was keen to depict the \"raw truth\" of the illness. Her main priority for her was to do the storyline justice and make it accurate for real life cancer patients.\n\nMaddy learns that having chemotherapy may mean she will be infertile. Having already had one ovary removed, Nate tells her that her only hope is having tissue removed and stored. Clementi explained that her character only thought about starting a family when she got believed that she was pregnant, but that was taken away from her. She added that when she is left alone in hospital, \"a wave of clarity washes over her\". She believes that her prognosis means her treatment may not work and she may die. So Maddy decides to run away and gain new experiences. When Roo learns that Maddy has left she asks Oscar to help find her. He discovers her \"bucket list\" and realises where she is. Oscar travels to the city to find Maddy and convinces her to return home for treatment. Clementi later commented that she believed Maddy's time in the city helps her accept her diagnosis. She has the space she needs to think and realise her cancer may not be a \"death sentence\". Oscars influence helps her to be a \"strong woman\" and he continues to support her. The actress noted a \"connection that is unspoken\" and \"unbreakable bond\" between Maddy and Oscar, adding \"he really gets through to her\".\n\nWriter's decided to introduce a romantic side plot in which Maddy embraces her feelings for Oscar and they begin dating. But she begins to overexert herself which leads to her nose bleeding while on a date with Oscar. Speer believed \"the shadow of cancer is unavoidable\" and it serves as a stark reminder she is undertaking serious treatment. He goes into \"protective mode\" but wants to remain positive for Maddy. He believed that while Oscar was worried and concerned, he is the only character not \"wrapping her up in cotton wool\". But Oscar soon realises that Maddy's illness is affecting his school work and he decides to break-up with her. In an additional story writers dealt the absence of Maddy's mother Tanya Osborne (Kathryn Hartman). Roo realises that Tanya should be informed and Maddy telephones her. Tanya arrives in Summer Bay and is angry at Roo for not informing her. She demands that Maddy return home with her. Parker noted that Maddy's relationship with her mother is \"dysfunctional\" and that Maddy leaving with Tanya would be like losing a child. Maddy needs a \"stable environment\" while battling cancer and Roo can offer her that.\n\nDeparture\n\nMaddy departed the show on 31 May 2016. A fight erupts between Andy Barrett and Wayne \"Tank\" Snelgrove (Reece Milne) behind a caravan at the Caravan Park, knocking over a gas canister and exposing live wires during a hospital fundraiser. The guests are unaware of the tragedy that awaits them when suddenly one of the caravans explodes putting many lives in danger. Oscar MacGuire is killed instantly, Hannah Wilson (Cassie Howarth) dies later following a head injury, while Maddy's left arm is trapped under some of the debris. New doctor Tori Morgan (Penny McNamee), also a guest at the fundraiser, is on hand to aid the victims. At the hospital, while Maddy is awaiting her X-ray results, the pain in her arm increases and a concerned Tori informs her that the tissues in her arm have died and the only way to save her live is to amputate her arm. Following the surgery, Maddy breaks up with Matt as she thinks that he will no longer love her due to her disability, but he tries to convince her that he intends to stick by her. Maddy unsuspectingly slips out of the hospital just as her mother, Tanya arrives in the bay. With everyone frantic for Maddy's safety, Tanya lashes out at Roo, blaming her for the accident. Tori announces that Maddy has contracted an MRSA infection and that her life is in danger if she doesn't receive treatment in time. She is soon located to the local motel and following some recovery, she and Matt decided to continue their relationship. While Tanya tries to convince Maddy to return to the city with her so that she can rehabilitate herself, it is discovered that Roo may have been at fault for the explosion as safety checks where not carried out prior to the fundraiser and Tanya proceeds to sue Roo. Maddy soon talks Tanya out of carrying out the any proceedings against Roo, nor does she blame Roo for what has happened to her. Maddy announces that she will be leaving Summer Bay as she intends to travel the world and live life to the full. Matt becomes undecided whether or not he wants to go, but eventually agrees so that he can be with Maddy. Knowing deep down that she doesn't want to take Matt away from the place he loves, she packs up and leaves Summer Bay in the middle of the night while Matt is asleep, and return with Tanya to the city.\n\nReception\nAn Inside Soap reporter branded Maddy panicking about her pregnancy predicament a soap highlight. Stephen Downie from TV Week branded Maddy \"trouble with a capital t\" and the \"Summer Bay wild child\". He questioned if the character was just out of control, adding \"stealing, drinking... just what will the girl do next?\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Maddy Osborne at the Official AU Home and Away website\n\nHome and Away characters\nTelevision characters introduced in 2013\nFictional personal trainers\nFictional characters with cancer\nFictional amputees\nFemale characters in television" ]

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[ "Maddy Osborne is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera Home and Away, played by Kassandra Clementi. Maddy debuted on-screen during the episode airing on 24 January 2013. The actress was living abroad when she was offered the role and flew back to Sydney to take the role. Maddy is from a middle class Australian family and is a talented violinist. Despite this Maddy chose to run away from home and arrives in Summer Bay with her boyfriend Spencer Harrington (Andrew Morley). She is taken in by Roo Stewart (Georgie Parker) and Harvey Ryan (Marcus Graham). The storyline was part of producer Lucy Addario's vision for Home and Away to revisit the issues of fostering. Maddy settles into the local school and her relationship with Spencer comes to an end. Following this the character begins to misbehave and is involved in a car accident. The writers then paired her up with new character Josh Barrett (Jackson Gallagher) and their relationship dramas took Maddy through into her second year in the series.\n\nMaddy and Josh's relationship comes to an end and she behaves erratically after he gets with Evelyn MacGuire (Philippa Northeast). Maddy remains in love with Josh and an infidelity storyline soon follows. Maddy, who also sleeps with Oscar MacGuire (Jake Speer) is told she is pregnant and becomes unsure of who the father is. In a \"storyline twist\" Maddy is told that she is not pregnant and actually has ovarian cancer. Clementi branded it a \"contemporary issue\" and wanted to portray the \"raw truth\" of the illness. The plot explored Maddy taking chemotherapy, losing an ovary and facing the prospect of not having children. Maddy develops a connection with Oscar as he supports her. They go on to share a relationship. Maddy departed Home and Away on 31 May 2016.\n\nCasting\nThe character was first seen during an official promo for the 2013 season. Clementi's casting was announced on 6 January 2013. The actress was living overseas and was offered the role on 4 July 2012. She immediately got an airplane to Sydney and accepted the role. The actress revealed that she was homesick for Australia and thought it was \"a wonderful opportunity\" to join Home and Away. She stated that she wanted to make Maddy \"one of the most loved characters in Summer Bay.\"\n\nDevelopment\n\nCharacterisation\n\nShe is described on the show's official website as being \"a cautious kid and a thinker\". She likes to play it safe and dislikes gossiping. Clementi described Maddy as being \"an energetic and very loving young girl who is mature and wise beyond her 16 years. She can be a perfectionist and works hard to achieve her goals. She has a passion and flair for music - especially the violin.\" Despite Maddy being a talented violinist, Clementi can not play the instrument but has taken violin lessons. She told Yahoo!7's reporter that Maddy is \"very quirky, bubbly and wise for her age and very mature.\" But because she is sixteen, she still makes mistakes and is in the process of finding out who she is. Maddy is from a middle class Australian family.\n\nIntroduction\nIn a November 2012 interview, producer Lucy Addario said that Home and Away would revisit the issue of fostering. The refocus allowed her to introduce \"new talents\" to the show. Maddy is a teen runaway, who arrives in the Bay with Spencer Harrington (Andrew Morley). Maddy falls ill and she and Spencer are found living in the local high school. They later turn up on the doorstep of Roo Stewart (Georgie Parker) and Harvey Ryan's (Marcus Graham) home. Clementi's co-star, Lynne McGranger (Irene Roberts), told Amie Parker-Williams from Digital Spy that Maddy and Spencer arrive with a secret and that an older brother, Chris (Johnny Ruffo), would also turn up and create some drama. The character's introduction comes after producers announced that they would feature more fostering storylines in the show. During a photo-shoot for TV Week, Clementi revealed that \"they are really doing all they can to survive at that time, stealing food, and doing what they need, and sleeping in places they shouldn't be for shelter.\" Maddy and Spencer also want to protect their secret and Clementi said that this causes a lot of trust issues. It is the reason they are on the run and reluctant to tell people the truth. Sasha Bezmel (Demi Harman) discovers them sleeping in the school and convinces Roo to help. They leave Maddy and Spencer food and an offer of help. Clementi told a reporter from Inside Soap that \"at first, they're very reserved about Roo's offer - they know that living with others presents the possibility that whatever they're hiding may be revealed.\" The duo remain reluctant to accept help until Maddy becomes ill. Maddy does not want to go to hospital. Clementi told Miller that her character is fearful that the hospital will contact her parents once they know her details. But she later noted that it was the point that Maddy accepts help.\n\nParker told Claire Crick from All About Soap that Roo can empathise with Maddy and Spencer because of her own history. Roo is \"immediately drawn to them\" and angry that no one else views them the same way. Parker was pleased with fostering themed storylines because the show was about \"giving people with nowhere to go a home\". Parker also wants Roo to become their actual foster parent.\n\nMaddy decides that she is ready consummate her relationship with Spencer on his birthday. Morely told Inside Soap's reporter that \"now they're more settled in the Bay and their relationship is stronger, they feel it is the right time.\" But the couple cannot get privacy due to Chris' presence. Spencer manages to solve the problem, but as they get passionate, it makes them feel awkward. Morely explained that the lovers are under pressure, have other things on their minds and do not feel right. This event makes Maddy question their relationship.\n\nCar accident\nFollowing her break-up with Spencer she begins to behave erratically. She befriends Casey Braxton (Lincoln Younes) who is upset over his ex-girlfriend Tamara Kingsley (Kelly Paterniti). She decides to comfort him and tries to seduce him. Younes explained that his character rejects her advances because he senses that she will feel better in the future. He knows that she is doing it for the wrong reasons and chooses to do the \"noble thing\". Maddy later attends a party with Casey and meets Josh Barrett (Jackson Gallagher). Roo attempts to convince Maddy to come home but she refuses. She sneaks off with Josh to avoid Casey taking her home. Younes told a TV Week reporter that Casey knows Maddy is trying to lose her virginity and he believes it is not right. When Casey drags Maddy away from Josh a fight ensues and they drive off.\n\nHowever Josh and his brother Andy Barrett (Tai Hara) start a car chase. Younes explained that Maddy is making amends with Casey when they are suddenly hit by a four-wheel-drive. He revealed that \"Maddy is unconscious and the car is burning so he has to act very quickly, he's really hurt but manages to carry Maddy out of the car before it explodes.\" The car then explodes and the impact knocks the two characters to the ground. No one realises they are missing and are found the following morning when Maddy gets help. The crash and explosion were part of big stunt scenes for Home and Away. Younes revealed that he filmed his own stunts carrying Clementi when the explosion impacted. The car chase scenes were filmed at night on location down a narrow road. The cast described the shoot as a \"scary\" scenario.\n\nRelationship with Josh Barrett\nFollowing the accident Maddy tries to support Josh. He decides to try to make amends with the Braxton family but they are not interested. She comforts him and they kiss. Gallagher told Gavin Scott (TV Week) that it his \"dream come true\". He added that \"Maddy is just this beautiful girl, he's blown away by her beauty. He has fallen in love with how sweet and caring she is.\"\n\nTheir relationship later becomes scrutinised by fellow characters following a fire at Mangrove River High School. The police believe that Maddy and Josh have started the fire because they find CCTV footage placing them at the scene of the crime. Clementi told TV Week's Erin Miller that the fire is bad and leaves the school unusable. Maddy and Josh were sleeping there after they ran away from home but their trespassing makes them suspects. Roo is disappointed with Maddy and is unsure of her innocence. The actress added \"Roo freaks out because she knows if there's hard evidence, they may be involved, she's scared Josh and Maddy could get into a lot of trouble. Maddy did not start the fire and protests her innocence.\" The storyline marked the first time their relationship becomes problematic. Clementi explained that Maddy suspects Josh of arson and which makes him angry and \"it throws a spanner in the works for their relationship.\" She also noted that despite his bad track record Maddy has continued to be there for Josh. But Roo believes he is responsible and decides to warn Josh to keep away from Maddy. Gallagher told Miller that \"he's developed quite strong feelings for Maddy, but thinks it might be in her best interest for him to leave.\" Writers continued to use Maddy's involvement with Josh as ways to create dangerous scenarios for the character. One example occurred when Josh chooses to spend time with Maddy, leaving his brother Andy jealous. The latter spikes Maddy's drink and she begins to behave oddly. Josh discovers the truth and fight ensues over Maddy.\n\nJosh and Maddy's relationship comes to an end. He begins dating Evelyn MacGuire (Philippa Northeast) but Maddy remains in love with Josh. When he refuses to take Evelyn to the school formal because he is embarrassed over his financial situation, Maddy assumes that he still wants to be with her instead. Gallagher believed that the partnership between Josh and Evelyn is stronger than the one he shared with Maddy. He felt that they experienced a lack of mutual respect, adding that \"with Maddy he always felt like he was beneath her, and that she would talk down to him.\" Following Casey's death Josh is feeling vulnerable and Evelyn rebuffs his attempts at being intimate. Josh seeks comfort with Maddy and they sleep together. Maddy also uses a previous one-night-stand Oscar MacGuire (Jake Speer) and this angers Evelyn more. Northeast told Downie that Maddy takes advantage of Josh when he is vulnerable. But she also feels like she pushed Josh into having sex with Maddy because she wouldn't. The actress concluded that Maddy was able to give Josh something that Evelyn could not.\n\nCancer\nThe show created an issue led plot for Maddy which began airing in November 2014. Maddy is taken ill during the night with a \"mystery illness\". Doctor Nate Cooper (Kyle Pryor) assumes it is a virus but runs blood tests to find out. Maddy discover that she is pregnant and assumes that Josh is the father. But when Marilyn Chambers (Emily Symons) points out that she looks more than eight weeks pregnant she realises that Oscar might be the father. Clementi explained that \"she's always been in love with Josh and regards it as an opportunity to become a family with him. Maddy tells Oscar everything but tries to prevent Josh from learning the truth.\n\nWhen Maddy goes to have a scan to determine the father Nate is shocked to discover that she is not pregnant. Nate informs her that she has a suspicious mass growing on one of her ovaries. Clementi said that it no-one saw the shock coming. The news is \"life changing\" for Maddy, and she had already endured too much drama during the suspected pregnancy. Maddy decides to go ahead with an operation to remove the mass. But Nate informs her that they also had to remove her ovary, lessening the chance of her having children. Maddy is told that she has an aggressive form of cancer and will need to begin chemotherapy. Maddy is left with an \"indescribable feeling\" and fears it may be the end of her life. Other character decide to offer her their support, but Maddy refuses to see anyone. Clementi defended her character stating that she feels \"suffocated\" and people are \"crowding her\". She cannot come to terms with her diagnosis because \"it's all too much\". She is also reluctant to start chemotherapy because she wants to decide on treatment option. The actress believed her character was not behaving weak but rather using her \"strong and smart\" personality traits to fight the illness. But Nate warns her that she needs to begin treatment right away to survive. Clementi believed the storyline was a \"contemporary issue\" and hoped it was portrayed \"in the right light\". The actress was an ambassador for a cancer charity, so was keen to depict the \"raw truth\" of the illness. Her main priority for her was to do the storyline justice and make it accurate for real life cancer patients.\n\nMaddy learns that having chemotherapy may mean she will be infertile. Having already had one ovary removed, Nate tells her that her only hope is having tissue removed and stored. Clementi explained that her character only thought about starting a family when she got believed that she was pregnant, but that was taken away from her. She added that when she is left alone in hospital, \"a wave of clarity washes over her\". She believes that her prognosis means her treatment may not work and she may die. So Maddy decides to run away and gain new experiences. When Roo learns that Maddy has left she asks Oscar to help find her. He discovers her \"bucket list\" and realises where she is. Oscar travels to the city to find Maddy and convinces her to return home for treatment. Clementi later commented that she believed Maddy's time in the city helps her accept her diagnosis. She has the space she needs to think and realise her cancer may not be a \"death sentence\". Oscars influence helps her to be a \"strong woman\" and he continues to support her. The actress noted a \"connection that is unspoken\" and \"unbreakable bond\" between Maddy and Oscar, adding \"he really gets through to her\".\n\nWriter's decided to introduce a romantic side plot in which Maddy embraces her feelings for Oscar and they begin dating. But she begins to overexert herself which leads to her nose bleeding while on a date with Oscar. Speer believed \"the shadow of cancer is unavoidable\" and it serves as a stark reminder she is undertaking serious treatment. He goes into \"protective mode\" but wants to remain positive for Maddy. He believed that while Oscar was worried and concerned, he is the only character not \"wrapping her up in cotton wool\". But Oscar soon realises that Maddy's illness is affecting his school work and he decides to break-up with her. In an additional story writers dealt the absence of Maddy's mother Tanya Osborne (Kathryn Hartman). Roo realises that Tanya should be informed and Maddy telephones her. Tanya arrives in Summer Bay and is angry at Roo for not informing her. She demands that Maddy return home with her. Parker noted that Maddy's relationship with her mother is \"dysfunctional\" and that Maddy leaving with Tanya would be like losing a child. Maddy needs a \"stable environment\" while battling cancer and Roo can offer her that.\n\nDeparture\n\nMaddy departed the show on 31 May 2016. A fight erupts between Andy Barrett and Wayne \"Tank\" Snelgrove (Reece Milne) behind a caravan at the Caravan Park, knocking over a gas canister and exposing live wires during a hospital fundraiser. The guests are unaware of the tragedy that awaits them when suddenly one of the caravans explodes putting many lives in danger. Oscar MacGuire is killed instantly, Hannah Wilson (Cassie Howarth) dies later following a head injury, while Maddy's left arm is trapped under some of the debris. New doctor Tori Morgan (Penny McNamee), also a guest at the fundraiser, is on hand to aid the victims. At the hospital, while Maddy is awaiting her X-ray results, the pain in her arm increases and a concerned Tori informs her that the tissues in her arm have died and the only way to save her live is to amputate her arm. Following the surgery, Maddy breaks up with Matt as she thinks that he will no longer love her due to her disability, but he tries to convince her that he intends to stick by her. Maddy unsuspectingly slips out of the hospital just as her mother, Tanya arrives in the bay. With everyone frantic for Maddy's safety, Tanya lashes out at Roo, blaming her for the accident. Tori announces that Maddy has contracted an MRSA infection and that her life is in danger if she doesn't receive treatment in time. She is soon located to the local motel and following some recovery, she and Matt decided to continue their relationship. While Tanya tries to convince Maddy to return to the city with her so that she can rehabilitate herself, it is discovered that Roo may have been at fault for the explosion as safety checks where not carried out prior to the fundraiser and Tanya proceeds to sue Roo. Maddy soon talks Tanya out of carrying out the any proceedings against Roo, nor does she blame Roo for what has happened to her. Maddy announces that she will be leaving Summer Bay as she intends to travel the world and live life to the full. Matt becomes undecided whether or not he wants to go, but eventually agrees so that he can be with Maddy. Knowing deep down that she doesn't want to take Matt away from the place he loves, she packs up and leaves Summer Bay in the middle of the night while Matt is asleep, and return with Tanya to the city.\n\nReception\nAn Inside Soap reporter branded Maddy panicking about her pregnancy predicament a soap highlight. Stephen Downie from TV Week branded Maddy \"trouble with a capital t\" and the \"Summer Bay wild child\". He questioned if the character was just out of control, adding \"stealing, drinking... just what will the girl do next?\"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n Maddy Osborne at the Official AU Home and Away website\n\nHome and Away characters\nTelevision characters introduced in 2013\nFictional personal trainers\nFictional characters with cancer\nFictional amputees\nFemale characters in television", "Everything, Everything is the debut young adult novel by Jamaican-American author Nicola Yoon, first published by Delacorte Books for Young Readers in 2015. The novel centers on 18-year-old Madeline Whittier, who is being treated for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), also known as \"bubble baby disease\". Due to this, Madeline is kept inside her house in Los Angeles, where she lives with her mother, a doctor.\n\nPlot \nThe story follows 18-year-old Madeline Whittier a half Japanese, half African-American 18-year-old who is being treated by her doctor mother for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), and therefore is not allowed to leave her house or interact with anything that has not been \"sanitized\". Her world consists of her mother Pauline, her nurse Carla, and the books she finds comfort in; with her father and brother having died a long time ago in a car accident. \n\nMaddy's life changes when a family moves in next door. She watches them from the window and learns that the family includes a father, mother, daughter named Kara, and a son named Olly. Olly befriends Maddy, and the two begin to message each other online. Meanwhile, Olly's father is abusive and Kara has a smoking problem.\n\nOne day, Carla sneaks Olly into Maddy's house, and the two meet face to face for the first time. They begin meeting in Maddy's house regularly, and at one point Maddy even goes outside for a few seconds. When her mother discovers Maddy has been secretly meeting Olly, she fires Carla and bans Maddy from ever seeing Olly again, but they continue secretly talking. One day, Pauline shows Maddy a photo of their family in Maui when Maddy was only months old. Influenced by this photo, Maddy decides to risk it all and go to Hawaii with Olly. Olly first disagrees, but Maddy lies— she tells him that she is on a new medicine that will keep her from getting sick— and Olly agrees.\n\nThe two go to Hawaii, explore the country, and are blissful for the day. The next day, Maddy has to be taken to a hospital because she wakes up extremely sick.\n\nMaddy's mother brings her home and hires Carla again to take care of her. Maddy eventually recovers. She stops emailing Olly as she doesn't want to miss him and the world. A month later Maddy sees Olly, Kara, and their mother loading their belongings into a moving van while their father is at work, escaping his tyranny.\n\nTwo months after Hawaii, Maddy gets a letter from the doctor who treated her when she got sick there, and in the note, the doctor says she thinks that Maddy does not have SCID, and she got sick because she had spent her whole life inside and has never formed a natural immunity. The doctor blames myocarditis as the reason for Maddy's heart-stopping. Maddy, angry and panicked, searches her mother's medical files but does not find the test results or doctor's notes that would confirm she had SCID. Instead, she finds some notes her mother wrote and a few articles about SCID from the internet. She confronts her mother, who breaks down and indirectly admits she does not have SCID. Maddy tells Carla, and Carla says she had always suspected that her mom hadn't completely recovered from the death of her father and brother.\n\nMaddy's mother says that right after Maddy's father and brother died, Maddy got very sick, and her mother, not wanting to lose her, decided she had SCID, and needed to be kept away from the world. Maddy is mad at her mom and can't bring herself to forgive her. Maddy flies to New York, where she sent Olly on a mini scavenger hunt that led him to a used bookstore where she was waiting for him.\n\nReception\nA reviewer for The Guardian wrote about the book: \"The way the author describes Madeline's world using such beautiful imagery makes the reader appreciate the little things in life\".\n\nFilm adaptation\n\nThe novel was adapted into a feature film. In July 2016, it was announced that Amandla Stenberg would play Madeline Whittier and Nick Robinson would play opposite Stenberg as Olly. Stella Meghie directed the film, and J. Mills Goodloe wrote the script. In February 2017, Warner Bros. debuted the trailer. The film was released on May 19, 2017.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\n Library holdings of Everything, Everything at WorldCat\n\n2015 American novels\nAmerican novels adapted into films\nAmerican young adult novels\nNovels about diseases and disorders\n2015 debut novels\nNovels set in Los Angeles" ]

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[ "Go Greyhound and Leave the Driving to Us is the advertising slogan used by Greyhound Lines, Inc. starting in 1956. The tag line appears on the bus line's advertising- television commercials, billboards, magazine ads, and radio spots periodically for the next four decades. The slogan implies that by riding a Greyhound bus, one avoids the hassles of driving a car. It makes car travel seem less convenient than bus travel. The message confronts Greyhound travelers who own cars and have a choice (the target market for the commercials), and those who do not. Because of the success of this advertising slogan, Greyhound continually returned to it many times in the years after it was introduced.\n\nTarget market\nThe fact that Greyhound appealed to beatniks was actually a sign that the company needed to work on its marketing in the 1950s. The beatnik, bohemian, and \"romantic-rebel\" market was not a very lucrative one, and Greyhound executives realized that they needed to make an appeal to the middle class, who had more money. Ogilvy and Mather, the advertising firm, and Grey Advertising were contacted by the company and tasked with creating an effective slogan that would attract middle-class viewers. These transitional riders, as they were termed, made up a majority of Greyhound passengers, and were usually women with children, grandparents, college students, members of the military, and workers traveling to their jobs. Eventually, Grey Advertising created the famous slogan, created an account with Greyhound.\n\nCompetition\nGreyhound's primary competition came from other forms of transportation rather than from other bus lines—especially since the 1980s, when it bought out the largest member of its last remaining rival, the Trailways consortium. Prior to the 1950s, train companies were the biggest threat to Greyhound, but afterward airplanes would increasingly undercut the company with low-fare offers. Cars were also a continual source of competition. In response, Greyhound commercials aimed to promote the ease of their services compared to car driving.\n\nMarketing strategy\nThe \"Go Greyhound and Leave the Driving to Us\" slogan became Greyhound's chief advertising for decades. But, in the 1980s, the business itself went through a slump, as did their promotional efforts. From 1982 to 1990, Greyhound ran few television commercials. When they resumed airing commercials, new advertising slogans were used, leaving out the classic \"Leave the Driving to Us\" line. Over the years, Greyhound has actually removed and revived their popular slogan. In 1988, it was used in ads targeting Hispanic riders, and in 1993 it proclaimed \"I go simple, I go easy, I go Greyhound.\" Since 2000, some Greyhound buses have carried the slogan \"Proud to Serve America. Go Greyhound, and leave the Driving to Us\".\n\nNotes\n\nAmerican advertising slogans\nGreyhound Lines\n1950s neologisms", "The Wuxi bus accident occurred on May 29, 2012 when an intercity bus travelling from Wuxi to Hangzhou in China was struck by a piece of iron. The driver, Wu Bin, suffered lethal injuries but managed to control the bus and help passengers leave the vehicle. He was posthumously praised for his efforts.\n\nEvent\nOn May 29, 2012, when Wu was driving a bus from Wuxi to Hangzhou on an expressway, a piece of iron broke through the glass and hit his abdomen and arm. Though lacerating his liver and causing a bone fracture, he still managed to safely stop the bus. Then, he helped passengers leave the bus, warning them to be careful of the passing cars. Wu was quickly sent to a hospital but he died on June 1.\n\nInvestigation\nThe Wuxi police confirmed that the piece of iron which hit Wu was part of a brake pad of a red Dongfeng Motor truck and announced that the event was an accident. The police later found the truck and took parts away for further investigation, but did not arrest the truck driver. Legal opinion differs as to whether the truck driver has any criminal or civil liability in this case.\n\nSocial reaction\nAfter Wu died, he was treated with honor and his family received 100 thousand RMB from the government. Zhao Hongzhu, the lead of CPC Zhejiang branch, also went to his home to give condolences. Many common people were touched by his actions as well. On June 4, 2012, thousands of Hangzhou citizens attended his funeral and gave him their best wishes. \n\nWu was named \"China's most virtuous driver\". He joined several previous \"common people\" who become instant, sensational national heroes (such as \"most beautiful teacher\" Zhang Lili or \"most beautiful mother\" Wu Juping) due to acts of self-sacrifice that show dedication towards one's job, people in need and society. An article by Xinhua News Agency claimed that this is \"the age of commoner heroes\". An article by Thinking Chinese suggested that these new heroes become so popular because they represent an intersection between \"reality culture\" and \"traditional values\", and between the interests of the government and the emotional chords of modern society.\n\nSee also\nForeign object damage\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading\nWu Bin, Chinese Bus Driver, Praised For Saving Passengers In Freak Accident\n\n2012 road incidents\nBus incidents in China\n2012 disasters in China\nWuxi\nMay 2012 events in China" ]

[ "Steeleye Span", "Maddy 'leaves the bus'", "what is maddy leaves the bus?", "almost all the past and present members of the band reunited for a concert to celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the band", "who is maddy?", "female singers,", "when did they leave the bus?", "1995," ]

[ "\"Llangollen Market\" is a song from early 19th century Wales. It is known to have been performed at an eisteddfod at Llangollen in 1858.\n\nThe text of the song survives in a manuscript held by the National Museum of Wales, which came into the possession of singer Mary Davies, a co-founder of the Welsh Folk-Song Society.\n\nThe song tells the tale of a young man from the Llangollen area going off to war and leaving behind his broken-hearted girlfriend. Originally written in English, the song has been translated into Welsh and recorded by several artists such as Siân James, Siobhan Owen, Calennig and Siwsann George.\n\nLyrics\nIt’s far beyond the mountains that look so distant here,\nTo fight his country’s battles, last Mayday went my dear;\nAh, well shall I remember with bitter sighs the day,\nWhy, Owen, did you leave me? At home why did I stay?\n\nAh, cruel was my father that did my flight restrain,\nAnd I was cruel-hearted that did at home remain,\nWith you, my love, contented, I’d journey far away;\nWhy, Owen, did you leave me? At home why did I stay?\n\nWhile thinking of my Owen, my eyes with tears do fill,\nAnd then my mother chides me because my wheel stands still,\nBut how can I think of spinning when my Owen’s far away;\nWhy, Owen, did you leave me? At home why did I stay?\n\nTo market at Llangollen each morning do I go,\nBut how to strike a bargain no longer do I know;\nMy father chides at evening, my mother all the day;\nWhy, Owen, did you leave me, at home why did I stay?\n\nOh, would it please kind heaven to shield my love from harm,\nTo clasp him to my bosom would every care disarm,\nBut alas, I fear, 'tis distant - that happy, happy day;\nWhy, Owen, did you leave me, at home why did stay?\n\nReferences\n\nWelsh folk songs", "Leih Sebtaha (Why Did You Leave Her') is the fifteenth full-length Arabic studio album from Egyptian pop singer Angham, launched in Egypt in 2001.\n\nTrack listing\n\n Sidi Wisalak (Your Charm) (Lyrics by: Ezzat elGendy | Music composed by: Sheriff Tagg | Music arrangements by: Tarek Akef)\n Leih Sebtaha (Why Did You Leave Her) (Lyrics by: Baha' elDeen Mohammad | Music composed by: Sheriff Tagg | Music arrangements by: Tarek Madkour)\n Rahet Layali (Nights Have Gone) (Lyrics by: Mohammad elRifai | Music composed by: Sheriff Tagg | Music arrangements by: Yahya elMougi)\n Magabsh Serty (Did He Mention Me) (Lyrics by: Ayman Bahgat Amar | Music composed by: Riyad elHamshari | Music arrangements by: Tarek Akef)\n Leih Sebtaha (instrumental) (Why Did You Leave Her) Lyrics by: Baha' elDeen Mohammad | Music composed by: Sheriff Tagg | Music arrangements by: Tarek Madkour)\n Tedhak Alaya (You Laugh At Me) (Lyrics by: Saoud elSharabtli | Music composed by: elFaissal | Music arrangements by: Mahmoud Sadek)\n Noujoum elLeil (Stars Of the Night) (Lyrics by: Wael Helal | Music composed by: Ameer Abdel Majeed | Music arrangements by: Ashraf Mahrous)\n Habbeitak Leih (Why Did I Even Love You) (Lyrics by: Nader Abdallah | Music composed by: Sheriff Tagg | Music arrangements by: Ashraf Mahrous)\n Hayran (Confused) (Lyrics by: Naser Rashwan | Music composed by: Ameer Abdel Majeed | Music arrangements by: Hisham Niyaz)\n Ana Indak (I'm At Your Place)''''' (Lyrics by: Bahaa elDeen Mohammad | Music composed by: Sheriff Tagg | Music arrangements by: Tarek Madkour)\n\nReferences\n\nAngham albums\nArabic-language albums\n2001 albums\nAlam elPhan Records albums" ]

[ "Steeleye Span", "Maddy 'leaves the bus'", "what is maddy leaves the bus?", "almost all the past and present members of the band reunited for a concert to celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the band", "who is maddy?", "female singers,", "when did they leave the bus?", "1995,", "why did they leave?", "Liam Genockey had also left the band in 1997, and on these albums the drum kit was manned by Dave Mattacks, who was not an official member of the band." ]

[ "This is Really Something is a greatest hits album by Australian rock and pop band The Sports, released in August 1997.\nThe album was re-released in August 2004 under the title The Definitive Collection.\n\nBackground and release\nThe Sports formed in 1976 and were signed to Mushroom Records in 1977. Their first Australian hit was \"Boys! (What Did the Detective Say?)\" in 1978 but they cracked the UK chart with \"Who Listens to the Radio\" in 1979. They broke up in 1981 after just four albums, three of which peaked within the top 20 in Australia.\n\nReception\n\nBernard Zuel of Sydney Morning Herald believes if The Sports had been English they would have been huge. saying \"\"Boys! (What Did the Detective Say?)\" and \"Who Listens to the Radio\" are classic new wave moments\" adding \"it's in the collection of could-have-been/should-have-been hits from 1979-81 that this compilation provides its worth. Great pop songs played well - rare enough at any time, a treasure all the time.\n\nJason Ankeny from AllMusic said \"The two-disc, 36-track complete anthology paints a definitive portrait of the Sports' career; split between singles and album tracks (compiled on the first disc) and rare and unreleased material (found on the second), the set is a solid introduction to the work of a sadly underrecognized group, a kind of Australian counterpart to the music of Elvis Costello, Graham Parker or Joe Jackson.\"\n\nAn Amazon reviewer said \"This definitive collection features 2CDs each containing the quintessential The Sports tunes including \"Who Listens to the Radio\", \"Don't Throw Stones\" and \"Strangers on a Train\".\n\nTrack listing\n\nReferences\n\nThe Sports albums\nMushroom Records albums\n1997 greatest hits albums\nCompilation albums by Australian artists", "The discography of Mallu Magalhães, a Brazilian Folk singer, consists of two studio albums, one live albums, five singles as a lead artist, one collaborations with Marcelo Camelo and one video albums.\n\nIn 2008 she released her first eponymous album and in 2009 she released her second album, also self-titled.\n\nShe already has five singles released, and the most famous is Tchubaruba.\n\nAlbums\n\nStudio albums\n\nCompilations\n\nVideo albums\n\nNotes\n These albums did not reach any of the charts in Brazil.\n\nSingles\n\nAs lead artist\n\nOther appearances\n\nNotes\n These albums did not reach any of the charts in Brazil.\n\nMusic videos \n J1 (2008)\n Tchubaruba (2008)\n O Preço da Flor (2009)\n Vanguart (2009)\n Shine Yellow (2009)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nMallu Magalhães's official website\nMallu Magalhães's official MySpace\n\nFolk music discographies\nDiscography\nDiscographies of Brazilian artists\nLatin music discographies" ]

[ "Steeleye Span", "Maddy 'leaves the bus'", "what is maddy leaves the bus?", "almost all the past and present members of the band reunited for a concert to celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the band", "who is maddy?", "female singers,", "when did they leave the bus?", "1995,", "why did they leave?", "Liam Genockey had also left the band in 1997, and on these albums the drum kit was manned by Dave Mattacks, who was not an official member of the band.", "did they have any albums?", "Horkstow Grange (1998), and then Bedlam Born (2000)." ]

[ "This One's for You is the sixth album by R&B crooner Teddy Pendergrass. It was released just after a bad car accident Pendergrass was involved in, which left him paralyzed from the waist down due to a spinal cord injury. The album did not do as well as his previous albums did on the Billboard 200, peaking at only #59, but it did do well on the R&B album chart, reaching #6. Only one single was released, \"I Can't Win for Losing\", which peaked at only #32 on the R&B charts.\n\nTrack listing\n \"I Can't Win for Losing\" 4:16 (Victor Carstarphen, Gene McFadden, John Whitehead)\n \"This One's for You\" 6:18 (Barry Manilow, Marty Panzer)\n \"Loving You Was Good\" 3:35 (LeRoy Bell, Casey James)\n \"This Gift of Life\" 4:27 (Kenny Gamble, Leon Huff)\n \"Now Tell Me That You Love Me\" 5:15 (Gamble, Huff)\n \"It's Up to You (What You Do With Your Life)\" 5:37 (Gamble, Huff)\n \"Don't Leave Me out Along the Road\" 3:34 (Richard Roebuck)\n \"Only to You\" 3:53 (Nickolas Ashford, Valerie Simpson)\n\nReferences\n\n1982 albums\nTeddy Pendergrass albums\nAlbums produced by Kenneth Gamble\nAlbums produced by Leon Huff\nAlbums produced by Thom Bell\nAlbums produced by Ashford & Simpson\nAlbums arranged by Bobby Martin\nAlbums recorded at Sigma Sound Studios\nPhiladelphia International Records albums", "Treddin' on Thin Ice is the debut album by UK grime artist Wiley released on XL Recordings. It was released on 26 April 2004. The album is seen as a critical success in grime music with an enduring and influential forward facing sound. However, commercially the album did not do as well, with one single (\"Wot Do U Call It\", a song addressing the debate over the categorization of grime) making the top 40 in the UK music charts.\n\nTrack listing\n\nCertifications\n\nReferences\n\n2004 debut albums\nWiley (musician) albums\nXL Recordings albums" ]

[ "Mae Jemison", "Other news" ]

[ "Lightfoot v. Cendant Mortgage Corp., 580 U.S. ___ (2017), was a United States Supreme Court case that clarified whether Fannie Mae can be sued in state courts. In a unanimous opinion written by Justice Sonia Sotomayor, the Court held that plaintiffs may file lawsuits against Fannie Mae in any state or federal court that is \"already endowed with subject-matter jurisdiction over the suit.\"\n\nBackground\nThe case arose when two mortgage borrowers filed a lawsuit in state court, which alleged deficiencies in the foreclosure and sale of their home. Relying upon a federal law that granted Fannie Mae the right \"to sue and to be sued, and to complain and to defend, in any court of competent jurisdiction, State or Federal\" (the \"sue-and-be-sued clause\"), Fannie Mae filed a motion to remove the case to federal court. The district court denied the motion, but on appeal, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that Fannie Mae's sue-and-be-sued clause \"confers jurisdiction on the federal courts.\" District Judge Sidney H. Stein, sitting by designation, dissented, concluding that the sue-and-be-sued clause required an independent source for jurisdiction in cases involving Fannie Mae. In light of a circuit split on this issue, the Supreme Court granted certiorari in 2016.\n\nOpinion of the Court\nIn a unanimous opinion written by Justice Sonia Sotomayor, the Court reversed the Ninth Circuit's ruling and rejected Fannie Mae's assertion that it could automatically remove any case to a federal court. After reviewing other party-specific sue-and-be-sued clauses, Justice Sotomayor stated that the phrase \"court of competent jurisdiction\" allowed any court with \"an existing source of subject-matter jurisdiction\" to hear cases against Fannie Mae. Consequently, Justice Sotomayor held that federal law \"permits suit in any state or federal court already endowed with subject-matter jurisdiction over the suit.\"\n\nSee also\n List of United States Supreme Court cases\n Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume\n List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Roberts Court\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nUnited States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court\nUnited States Supreme Court cases\n2017 in United States case law\nForeclosure\nSubprime mortgage crisis\nUnited States federal jurisdiction case law\nFannie Mae", "The MAE (later, MAE-East) was the first Internet Exchange Point (IXP). It began in 1992 with four locations in Washington, D.C., quickly extended to Vienna, Reston, and Ashburn, Virginia; and then subsequently to New York and Miami. Its name stood for \"Metropolitan Area Ethernet,\" and was subsequently backronymed to \"Metropolitan Area Exchange, East\" upon the establishment of MAE-West in 1994. The MAE predated the National Information Infrastructure plan, which called for the establishment of IXPs throughout the United States. Although it initially had no single central nexus, one eventually formed in the underground parking garage of an office building in Vienna, VA.\n\nHistory\nMAE-East was originally created in 1992, primarily by Scott Yeager of Metropolitan Fiber Systems (MFS) and Rick Adams of UUNET. \"A group of network providers in the Virginia area got together over beer one night and decided to connect their networks\", said principal MAE-East architect Steven Feldman (MFS). The founding networks were AlterNet (UUNET's backbone service), PSINet and Sprint-ICM. MFS was the service provider offering metropolitan fiber, cross connects and switch ports for the ISPs to interconnect. MAE-East was modeled after FIX East and Fix West. It was established as a Distributed Layer 2 exchange (shared 10-Mbps Ethernet over FOIRL). By February 1993, the 10-Mbps metropolitan Ethernet connected the Sprint POP (ICMnet and AlterNet), College Park POP (AlterNet and NSFNet), MCI POP (SURAnet), and WillTel POP (PSINet). The MAE did not have a multi-lateral peering policy or agreement, so each participant was responsible for independently negotiating their own bilateral peering agreements. There was also no mandatory peering requirement, so no ISP was required to peer with any other.\n\nIn 1993, the National Science Foundation awarded MFS/MAE-East a grant establishing it as one of the four original Network Access Points, or NAPs. MAE-East then established a collocation facility at 1919 Gallows Road in Vienna, in a cinder-block room in the underground P1 parking garage. The MAE upgraded to switched Ethernet and shared FDDI in Fall 1994, growing to seven DEC GigaSwitches. FDDI ports were available at 8100 Boone Blvd (in the MFS offices across the road from Gallows Road), 1919 Gallows Road, and a number of private customer POPs. The GigaSwitch access was limited to 100 Mbps, suffered from head-of-line blocking, reached scaling limits, and began to suffer outages. MAE-East FDDI was closed to new customers after 1998 and was shut down in February 2001.\n\nMAE-East ATM was intended to be a successor to the FDDI. MAE-East ATM was trialed in 1997 and went into production in 1998. ATM allowed for higher-speed access (e.g. 155mbps-622mbps) and Private Virtual Connections (PVCs), which was conceived of as a solution to some problems in which a single connected network could spread to effect the entire exchange. Frame Relay Access was added in 2002-2003 (155mbps-2.5gbps). In 2003, MAE-East ATM/Frame facilities were located at Boone Blvd, Sunrise Blvd, Tyco Road and Ashburn VA.\n\nBy the time it closed down in 2009, many of the ISPs previously connected to MAE-East had moved to Equinix Ashburn, a nearby Internet exchange built on gigabit Ethernet.\n\nSee also\n MAE-West\n Internet Exchange Point (IXP)\n Federal Internet Exchange (FIX)\n Commercial Internet eXchange (CIX)\n Network Access Point (NAP)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \nPhotograph of 1919 Vienna parking garage, the original mae-east built in a parking garage in the 1990s.\n. See Mae Services White Paper (2005) for historical information.\n\"How Equinix beat MAE-East,\" a blog written in 2009.\n\nInternet exchange points in the United States\nHistory of the Internet\n1992 establishments in the United States" ]

[ "Mae Jemison", "Other news", "Did Mae encounter any hardships?", "In the spring of 1996, Jemison filed a complaint against a Texas police officer, accusing him of police brutality during a traffic stop that ended in her arrest." ]

[ "The outcome bias is an error made in evaluating the quality of a decision when the outcome of that decision is already known. Specifically, the outcome effect occurs when the same \"behavior produce[s] more ethical condemnation when it happen[s] to produce bad rather than good outcome, even if the outcome is determined by chance.\"\n\nWhile similar to the hindsight bias, the two phenomena are markedly different. Hindsight bias focuses on memory distortion to favor the actor, while the outcome bias focuses exclusively on weighting the past outcome heavier than other pieces of information in deciding if a past decision was correct.\n\nOverview\nOne will often judge a past decision by its ultimate outcome instead of based on the quality of the decision at the time it was made, given what was known at that time. This is an error because no decision-maker ever knows whether or not a calculated risk will turn out for the best. The actual outcome of the decision will often be determined by chance, with some risks working out and others not. Individuals whose judgments are influenced by outcome bias are seemingly holding decision-makers responsible for events beyond their control.\n\nBaron and Hershey (1988) presented subjects with hypothetical situations in order to test this.\nOne such example involved a surgeon deciding whether or not to do a risky surgery on a patient. The surgery had a known probability of success. Subjects were presented with either a good or bad outcome (in this case living or dying), and asked to rate the quality of the surgeon's pre-operation decision. Those presented with bad outcomes rated the decision worse than those who had good outcomes. \"The ends justify the means\" is an often used aphorism to express the Outcome effect when the outcome is desirable.\n\nThe reason why an individual makes this mistake is that he or she will incorporate currently available information when evaluating a past decision. To avoid the influence of outcome bias, one should evaluate a decision by ignoring information collected after the fact and focusing on what the right answer is, or was at the time the decision was made.\n\nOutside of psychological experiments, the outcome bias has been found to be substantially present in real world situations. A study looking at the evaluation of football players' performance by coaches and journalists found that players' performance is judged to be substantially better—over a whole match—if the player had a lucky goal rather than an unlucky miss (after a player's shot hit one of the goal posts).\n\nSee also\n Deontology vs. teleology and consequentialism (ethical theories)\n Group attribution error\n Historian's fallacy\n List of cognitive biases\n\nReferences\n\nCognitive biases", "A super-complaint is a complaint made in the UK by a state-approved \"super-complainant\"/watchdog organisation on behalf of consumers, which was fast-tracked to a higher authority such as the Office of Fair Trading (prior to its dissolution on 1 April 2014). The official body now in charge of general consumer protection super-complaints is the Competition and Markets Authority.\n\nA super-complaint, as defined in section 11(1) of the UK's Enterprise Act 2002, is a complaint submitted by a designated consumer body that \"any feature, or combination of features, of a market in the UK for goods or services is or appears to be significantly harming the interests of consumers\".\n\nSome of the super-complainants under the Office of Fair Trading scheme were:\n\n Which?\n National Consumer Council\n Citizens Advice\n Energywatch\n Consumer Council for Water (formerly known as Watervoice)\n Postwatch\n Campaign for Real Ale\n General Consumer Council for Northern Ireland\n\nWhat Car? magazine also applied, but was rejected.\n\nSuper-complaints have also specifically been introduced for the financial markets in the UK under the aegis of the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA) provides that certain consumer bodies may complain to the FCA about features of a market for financial services in the UK that may be significantly damaging the interests of consumers. The Government first issued guidance for bodies seeking designation as super complainants and then received and ultimately approved the newly appointed bodies which can make super-complaints to the FCA: the General Consumer Council for Northern Ireland, Citizens Advice, the Federation of Small Businesses, and Which?.\n\nIn December 2018, a super-complaint was made against the police forces of England and Wales on behalf of victims and witnesses of crime who had had their data secretly shared with immigration authorities.\n\nSee also\n\nReferences \n\nLaw of the United Kingdom" ]

[ "Mae Jemison", "Other news", "Did Mae encounter any hardships?", "In the spring of 1996, Jemison filed a complaint against a Texas police officer, accusing him of police brutality during a traffic stop that ended in her arrest.", "What was the outcome of the complaint?", "I don't know." ]

[ "Brendlin v. California, 551 U.S. 249 (2007), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States that held that all occupants of a car are \"seized\" for purposes of the Fourth Amendment during a traffic stop, not just the driver.\n\nFacts\nIn the early morning hours of November 27, 2001, a Sutter County deputy sheriff and his partner, who was a cadet at the time, stopped a car in which Bruce Brendlin was riding. The car's registration had expired, but the owner had applied for a renewal, and a valid temporary registration permit was properly affixed to the car. Nevertheless, the deputy decided to investigate further. He asked the driver of the car, Karen Simeroth, for her license, and noticed that Bruce Brendlin, \"one of the Brendlin brothers,\" was sitting in the passenger seat. The deputy determined that there was a warrant out for Brendlin's arrest, and so he called for backup. Once backup arrived, Brendlin and Simeroth were arrested. The police found an orange syringe cap on Brendlin's person while on Simeroth's person and vehicle, they found methamphetamine, marijuana, and various drug paraphernalia along with equipment used to manufacture methamphetamine in the car.\n\nBrendlin was charged with possession and manufacture of methamphetamine. Before trial, he moved to suppress the evidence found on his person and in the car as fruits of an unlawful seizure—unlawful because, he argued, the police had acted in violation of his Fourth Amendment rights and had neither probable cause, reasonable suspicion, or any warrant to make the traffic stop or seize Brendlin or any of his possessions and use it against him in court. The trial court denied the motion, reasoning that Brendlin was first \"seized\" at the point he was removed from the car and arrested. Brendlin pleaded guilty but reserved the right to appeal the suppression issue, and was sentenced to four years in prison.\n\nThe California Court of Appeal reversed the trial court's denial of the motion to suppress. However, the California Supreme Court reversed the Court of Appeal, reinstating the trial court's decision. Although the State conceded that the police had no lawful basis to effect the traffic stop, the California Supreme Court still held that the trial court was correct in denying the motion to suppress because, it reasoned, \"a passenger is not seized as a constitutional matter in the absence of additional circumstances that would indicate to a reasonable person that he or she was the subject of the peace officer's investigation or show of authority.\" Simeroth was the exclusive target of the traffic stop, and so Brendlin was not seized until the police did something else to cast their eyes upon him. The decision was at odds with several federal circuit courts of appeal.\n\nThe issue before the Court was whether a passenger in a vehicle subject to a traffic stop is thereby \"detained\" for purposes of the Fourth Amendment, thus allowing the passenger to contest the legality of the traffic stop.\n\nOpinion of the Court\nA person is \"seized\" for purposes of the Fourth Amendment when physical force or a show of authority terminates or restrains his freedom of movement. If the police's intent to restrain an individual is unclear, or if an individual's submission to a show of authority takes the form of passive acquiescence, a seizure does not occur unless a reasonable person would not feel free to leave in light of all the circumstances. If, however, the person has no desire to leave for reasons unrelated to the traffic stop, there is no seizure.\n\nBefore the Court's decision in this case, the law was clear that a traffic stop seized the driver of the car. The Court had also repeatedly suggested—but never formally held—that a traffic stop in fact seizes everyone in the vehicle. With its decision in this case, the Court expressly so held. \"We think that in these circumstances any reasonable passenger would have understood the police officers to be exercising control to the point that no one in the car was free to depart without police permission.\"\n\nA traffic stop necessarily curtails the freedom of movement of all within the vehicle, and a reasonable person riding in a stopped vehicle would know that some wrongdoing led the police to stop the vehicle. At the same time, any occupant of the vehicle cannot be sure of the reason for the stop. \"If the likely wrongdoing is not the driving, the passenger will reasonably feel subject to suspicion owing to close association; but even when the wrongdoing is only bad driving, the passenger will expect to be subject to some scrutiny, and his attempt to leave the scene would be so obviously likely to prompt an objection from the officer that no reasonable passenger would feel free to leave in the first place.\" Moreover, no passenger could expect an officer to allow him to move around in ways that might jeopardize the officer's safety.\n\nThe California Supreme Court went astray by making three assumptions with which the Court disagreed. First, it reasoned that Brendlin was not the initial focus of the police's investigation, being concerned as they were with verifying the registration of the car, which Brendlin did not own. But the Court pointed out that this reasoning ignores the focus of the Fourth Amendment on what a reasonable person would believe, not the subjective intentions of the officers. Second, the California court reasoned that Brendlin was not in a position to submit to the officers' show of authority because only the driver of the car could do so. But the acts that constitute submission to a show of authority depend on what the person was doing beforehand. As a passenger in a vehicle, Brendlin could not affirmatively submit until the vehicle was stopped on the side of the road. Third, the California Supreme Court resisted the conclusion the Court drew because it feared that occupants of cars merely stuck in traffic would also be \"seized\" under a contrary holding. But the Court noted that \"incidental restrictions on freedom of movement would not tend to affect an individual's sense of security and privacy in traveling in an automobile.\" Indeed, the California court's holding was a kind of incentive for the police to conduct \"roving patrols\" that would violate the Fourth Amendment rights of drivers.\n\nSee also\n List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 551\n List of United States Supreme Court cases\n United States v. Drayton (2002)\n Manuel v. Joliet (2017)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n Brief of Petitioner Brendlin\n Brief of Respondent State of California\n Reply brief of Petitioner\n Amicus brief of the ACLU\n Opinion of the California Supreme Court\n Opinion of the California Court of Appeal\n\nUnited States Fourth Amendment case law\nUnited States Supreme Court cases\n2007 in United States case law\n2007 in California\nLegal history of California\nUnited States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court", "\"Stop, Listen, Look & Think\" is a song by the American girl group Exposé. It was written and produced by the group's founder, Lewis Martineé, and can be found on their 1989 second album, What You Don't Know. It was the first single released by Exposé to feature Ann Curless on lead vocals.\nThe song was also included on the soundtrack to the Lambada-themed film The Forbidden Dance, which was released in the U.S. in March 1990. \n\nAllmusic states that \"Stop, Listen, Look & Think\" is one of the best tracks on What You Don't Know and describes it as \"a subtler uptempo number with an understated yet memorable lead by\" Curless.\n\nReception\nThe single for \"Stop, Listen, Look & Think\" was remixed and issued as a promotional 12\" single to nightclubs in the U.S. The song peaked at #19 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart in December 1990, the group's seventh entry on this survey.\n\nTrack listing\nA1 - \"Stop, Listen, Look & Think\" House Mix (7:36)\nA2 - \"Stop, Listen, Look & Think\" Dub Mix (5:17)\nB1 - \"Stop, Listen, Look & Think\" Deep Thought Mix (5:49)\nB2 - \"Stop, Listen, Look & Think\" L.A. Mix (6:23)\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\"Stop, Listen, Look & Think\" 12\" promo info at discogs.com\n\n1990 singles\nExposé (group) songs\nSongs written by Lewis Martineé\n1990 songs\nArista Records singles" ]

[ "Mae Jemison", "Other news", "Did Mae encounter any hardships?", "In the spring of 1996, Jemison filed a complaint against a Texas police officer, accusing him of police brutality during a traffic stop that ended in her arrest.", "What was the outcome of the complaint?", "I don't know.", "What did she think was the reasoning behind the traffic stop?", "allegedly making an illegal U-turn and arrested after Hughes learned of an outstanding warrant on Jemison" ]

[ "Mae Carol Jemison (born October 17, 1956) is an American engineer, physician, and former NASA astronaut. She became the first black woman to travel into space when she served as a mission specialist aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour. Jemison joined NASA's astronaut corps in 1987 and was selected to serve for the STS-47 mission, during which she orbited the Earth for nearly eight days on September 12–20, 1992.\n\nBorn in Alabama and raised in Chicago, Jemison graduated from Stanford University with degrees in chemical engineering as well as African and African-American studies. She then earned her medical degree from Cornell University. Jemison was a doctor for the Peace Corps in Liberia and Sierra Leone from 1983 until 1985 and worked as a general practitioner. In pursuit of becoming an astronaut, she applied to NASA.\n\nJemison left NASA in 1993 and founded a technology research company. She later formed a non-profit educational foundation and through the foundation is the principal of the 100 Year Starship project funded by DARPA. Jemison also wrote several books for children and appeared on television several times, including in a 1993 episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation. She holds several honorary doctorates and has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame and the International Space Hall of Fame.\n\nEarly life and education\nMae Carol Jemison was born in Decatur, Alabama, on October 17, 1956, the youngest of three children of Charlie Jemison and Dorothy Jemison (). Her father was a maintenance supervisor for a charity organization, and her mother worked most of her career as an elementary school teacher of English and math at the Ludwig van Beethoven Elementary School in Chicago, Illinois. The family first lived in Woodlawn and later the Morgan Park neighborhoods. Jemison knew from a young age that she wanted to study science and someday go into space. The television show Star Trek and, in particular, African-American actress Nichelle Nichols' portrayal of Lieutenant Uhura further stoked her interest in space.\n\nJemison enjoyed studying nature and human physiology, using her observations to learn more about science. Although her mother encouraged her curiosity and both her parents were supportive of her interest in science, she did not always see the same support from her teachers. When Jemison told a kindergarten teacher she wanted to be a scientist when she grew up, the teacher assumed she meant she wanted to be a nurse. Seeing a lack of female astronauts during the Apollo missions also frustrated Jemison. She later recalled, \"everybody was thrilled about space, but I remember being irritated that there were no women astronauts.\"\n\nJemison began studying ballet at the age of 8 or 9 and entered high school at 12 years old, where she joined the cheerleading team and the Modern Dance Club. Jemison had a great love for dance from a young age. She learned several styles of dance, including African and Japanese, as well as ballet, jazz, and modern dance. As a child, Jemison had aspirations of becoming a professional dancer. At the age of 14, she auditioned for the leading role of Maria in West Side Story. She did not get the leading role but was selected as a background dancer.\n\nAfter graduating from Chicago's Morgan Park High School in 1973, Jemison entered Stanford University at the age of 16. Although she was young to be leaving home for college, Jemison later said it did not faze her because she was \"naive and stubborn enough\". There were very few other African-American students in Jemison's classes and she continued to experience discrimination from her teachers. In an interview with The Des Moines Register in 2008, Jemison said that it was difficult to go to Stanford at 16 but that her youthful arrogance may have helped her; she asserted that some arrogance is necessary for women and minorities to be successful in a white male dominated society.\n\nAt Stanford, Jemison served as head of the Black Students Union. She also choreographed a musical and dance production called Out of the Shadows. During her senior year in college, she struggled with the choice between going to medical school or pursuing a career as a professional dancer after graduation; she graduated from Stanford in 1977, receiving a B.S. degree in chemical engineering. and B.A. degree in African and African-American studies. While at Stanford, she also pursued studies related to her childhood interest in space and first considered applying to NASA.\n\nMedical career \nJemison attended Cornell Medical School and during her training, traveled to Cuba, to conduct a study funded by American Medical Student Association and to Thailand, where she worked at a Cambodian refugee camp. She also worked for Flying Doctors stationed in East Africa. During her years at Cornell, Jemison continued to study dance by enrolling in classes at the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. After graduating with an M.D. degree in 1981, she interned at Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center in 1982, and worked as a general practitioner for Ross–Loos Medical Group.\n\nJemison joined the staff of the Peace Corps in 1983 and served as a medical officer until 1985. She was responsible for the health of Peace Corps volunteers serving in Liberia and Sierra Leone. Jemison supervised the Peace Corps' pharmacy, laboratory, medical staff as well as providing medical care, writing self-care manuals, and developing and implementing guidelines for health and safety issues. She also worked with the Centers for Disease Control helping with research for various vaccines.\n\nNASA career \n\nUpon returning to the United States after serving in the Peace Corps, Jemison settled in Los Angeles, California. In Los Angeles, she entered into private practice and took graduate level engineering courses. The flights of Sally Ride and Guion Bluford in 1983 inspired Jemison to apply to the astronaut program. Jemison first applied to NASA's astronaut training program in October 1985, but NASA postponed selection of new candidates after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster in 1986. Jemison reapplied in 1987 and was chosen out of roughly 2,000 applicants to be one of the fifteen people in the NASA Astronaut Group 12, the first group selected following the destruction of Challenger. The Associated Press covered her as the \"first black woman astronaut\" in 1987. CBS featured Jemison as one of the country's \"most eligible singles\" on Best Catches, a television special hosted by Phylicia Rashad and Robb Weller in 1989.\n\nJemison's work with NASA before her shuttle launch included launch support activities at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida and verification of Shuttle computer software in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL). On September 28, 1989, she was selected to join the STS-47 crew as Mission Specialist 4 and was also designated Science Mission Specialist, a new astronaut role being tested by NASA to focus on scientific experiments.\n\nSTS-47 \n\nJemison flew her only space mission from September 12 to 20, 1992, on STS-47, a cooperative mission between the United States and Japan, as well as the 50th shuttle mission. Jemison logged 190 hours, 30 minutes, 23 seconds in space and orbited the earth 127 times. The crew was split into two shifts with Jemison assigned to the Blue Shift. Throughout the eight day mission, she began communications on her shift with the salute \"Hailing frequencies open\", a quote from Star Trek. Jemison took a poster from the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater along with her on the flight. She also took a West African statuette and a photo of pioneering aviator Bessie Coleman, the first African American with an international pilot license.\n\nSTS-47 carried the Spacelab Japan module, a cooperative mission between the United States and Japan that included 43 Japanese and United States life science and materials processing experiments. Jemison and Japanese astronaut Mamoru Mohri were trained to use the Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE), a technique developed by Patricia S. Cowings that uses biofeedback and autogenic training to help patients monitor and control their physiology as a possible treatment for motion sickness, anxiety and stress-related disorders.\n\nAboard the Spacelab Japan module, Jemison tested NASA's Fluid Therapy System, a set of procedures and equipment to produce water for injection, developed by Sterimatics Corporation. She then used IV bags and a mixing method, developed by Baxter Healthcare, to use the water from the previous step to produce saline solution in space. Jemison was also a co-investigator of two bone cell research experiments. Another experiment she participated in was to induce female frogs to ovulate, fertilize the eggs and then see how tadpoles developed in zero gravity.\n\nResignation from NASA \nAfter her return to Earth, Jemison resigned from NASA in March 1993 with the intention of starting her own company. NASA training manager and author Homer Hickam, who had trained Jemison for her flight, later expressed some regret that she had departed.\n\nPost-NASA career \n\nJemison served on the board of directors of the World Sickle Cell Foundation from 1990 to 1992. In 1993, she founded The Jemison Group Inc., a consulting firm which considers the sociocultural impact of technological advancements and design. Jemison also founded the Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence and named the foundation in honor of her mother. One of the projects of the foundation is The Earth We Share, a science camp for students aged 12 to 16. Founded in 1994, camps have been held at Dartmouth College, Colorado School of Mines, Choate Rosemary Hall and other sites in the United States, as well as internationally in South Africa, Tunisia, and Switzerland. The Dorothy Jemison Foundation also sponsors other events and programs, including the Shaping the World essay competition, Listening to the Future (a survey program that targets obtaining opinions from students), Earth Online (an online chatroom that allows students to safely communicate and discuss ideas on space and science), and the Reality Leads Fantasy Gala.\n\nJemison was a professor of environmental studies at Dartmouth College from 1995 to 2002 where she directed the Jemison Institute for Advancing Technology in Developing Countries. In 1999, she also became an Andrew D. White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University. Jemison continues to advocate strongly in favor of science education and getting minority students interested in science. She is a member of various scientific organizations, such as the American Medical Association, the American Chemical Society, the Association of Space Explorers and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.\n\nIn 1999, Jemison founded BioSentient Corp and obtained the license to commercialize AFTE, the technique she and Mohri tested on themselves during STS-47.\n\nIn 2012, Jemison made the winning bid for the DARPA 100 Year Starship project through the Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence. The Dorothy Jemison Foundation for Excellence was awarded a $500,000 grant for further work. The new organization maintained the organizational name 100 Year Starship. Jemison is the current principal of the 100 Year Starship.\n\nIn 2018, she collaborated with Bayer Crop Science and National 4-H Council for the initiative named Science Matters which was aimed at encouraging young children to understand and pursue agricultural sciences.\n\nBooks \nJemison's first book, Find Where the Wind Goes (2001), is a memoir of her life written for children. She describes her childhood, her time at Stanford, in the Peace Corps and as an astronaut. School Library Journal found the stories about her earlier life to be the most appealing. Book Report found that the autobiography gave a realistic view into her interactions with her professors, whose treatment of was not based on her intelligence but on stereotypes of woman of color.\n\nHer A True Book series of four children's books published in 2013 is co-authored with Dana Meachen Rau. Each book in the series has a \"Find the Truth\" challenge, true or false questions answers to which are revealed at the end of the story. School Library Journal found the series to be \"properly tantalizing surveys\" of the Solar System but criticized the inclusion of a few outdated theories in physics and astronomy.\n\nPublic profile \n\nLeVar Burton learned that Jemison was an avid Star Trek fan and asked her if she would be interested in being on the show. In 1993, Jemison appeared as Lieutenant Palmer in \"Second Chances\", an episode of the science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, becoming the first real-life astronaut to appear on Star Trek.\n\nFrom 1999 to 2005, Jemison was appointed an Andrew Dickson White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University.\n\nJemison is an active public speaker who appears before private and public groups promoting science and technology. \"Having been an astronaut gives me a platform,\" says Jemison, \"but I'd blow it if I just talked about the Shuttle.\" Jemison uses her platform to speak out on the gap in the quality of health-care between the United States and the Third World, saying that \"Martin Luther King [Jr.]... didn't just have a dream, he got things done.\" Jemison has also appeared as host and technical consultant of the science series World of Wonder which aired on the Discovery Channel from 1994 to 1998.\n\nIn 2006, Jemison participated in African American Lives, a PBS television miniseries hosted by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., that traces the family history of eight famous African Americans using historical research and genetic techniques. Jemison found to her surprise that she is 13% East Asian in her genetic makeup. She also learned that some of her paternal ancestors were slaves at a plantation in Talladega County, Alabama.\n\nJemison participated in the Red Dress Heart Truth fashion show, wearing Lyn Devon, during the 2007 New York Fashion Week to help raise money to fight heart disease. In May of the same year, she was the graduation commencement speaker and only the 11th person in the 52-year history of Harvey Mudd College to be awarded an honorary D.Eng. degree.\n\nOn February 17, 2008, Jemison was the featured speaker for the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Alpha Kappa Alpha, the first sorority established by African-American college women. Jemison paid tribute to Alpha Kappa Alpha by carrying the sorority's banner with her on her shuttle flight. Her space suit is a part of the sorority's national traveling Centennial Exhibit. Jemison is an honorary member of Alpha Kappa Alpha.\n\nJemison participated with First Lady Michelle Obama in a forum for promising girls in the Washington, D.C. public schools in March 2009.\n\nIn 2014, Jemison also appeared at Wayne State University for their annual Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Tribute Luncheon. In 2016, she partnered with Bayer Corporation to promote and advance science literacy in schools, emphasizing hands-on experimentation.\n\nShe took part in the Michigan State University's lecture series, \"Slavery to Freedom: An American Odyssey,\" in February 2017. In May 2017, Jemison gave the commencement speech at Rice University. She discussed the 100 Year Plan, science and education and other topics at Western Michigan University also in May 2017.\n\nIn 2017, LEGO released the \"Women of NASA\" set, with minifigures of Jemison, Margaret Hamilton, Sally Ride, and Nancy Grace Roman. The Google Doodle on March 8, 2019 (International Women's Day) featured a quote from Jemison: \"Never be limited by other people's limited imaginations.\"\n\nPersonal life \nJemison built a dance studio in her home and has choreographed and produced several shows of modern jazz and African dance.\n\nIn the spring of 1996, Jemison filed a complaint against a Texas police officer, accusing him of police brutality during a traffic stop that ended in her arrest. She was pulled over by Nassau Bay police officer Henry Hughes for allegedly making an illegal U-turn and arrested after Hughes learned of an outstanding warrant on Jemison for a speeding ticket. In the process of arresting her, the officer twisted her wrist and forced her to the ground, as well as having her walk barefooted from the patrol car into the police station. In her complaint, Jemison said the officer physically and emotionally mistreated her. Jemison's attorney said she believed she had already paid the speeding ticket years ago. She spent several hours in jail and was treated at an area hospital after release for deep bruises and a head injury. The Nassau Bay officer was suspended with pay pending an investigation, but the police investigation cleared him of wrongdoing. She filed a lawsuit against the city of Nassau Bay and the officer.\n\nHonors and awards \n\n 1988 Essence Science and Technology Award\n 1990 Gamma Sigma Sigma Woman of the Year\n 1991 McCall's 10 Outstanding Women for the 90s\n 1992 Johnson Publications Black Achievement Trailblazers Award\n 1992 Ebony Black Achievement Award\n 1993 National Women's Hall of Fame\n 1993 Ebony magazine 50 Most Influential women\n 1993 Kilby Science Award\n 1993 Montgomery Fellow, Dartmouth College\n 1993 People magazine's \"50 Most Beautiful People in the World\"\n 1993 Turner Trumpet Award\n 2002 listed among the 100 Greatest African Americans according to Molefi Kete Asante\n 2002 Texas Women's Hall of Fame inductee\n 2003 Intrepid Award by the National Organization for Girls\n 2004 International Space Hall of Fame\n 2005 The National Audubon Society, Rachel Carson Award\n 2017 Buzz Aldrin Space Pioneer Award\n 2019 Florida Southern College Honorary Chancellor\n 2021 Sylvanus Thayer Award from the United States Military Academy\n\nInstitutions \n 1992 Mae C. Jemison Science and Space Museum, Wilbur Wright College, Chicago, Illinois\n 1992 Mae C. Jemison Academy, an alternative public school in Detroit, Michigan\n 2001 Mae Jemison School, an elementary public school in Hazel Crest, Illinois\n 2007 Bluford Drew Jemison STEM Academy, a public charter school in Baltimore, Maryland (closed in 2013)\n 2010 Bluford Drew Jemison STEM Academy West, a Middle/High School in Baltimore, Maryland\n 2013 Jemison High School, Huntsville, Alabama\n\nHonorary doctorates \n 1991 Doctor of Letters, Winston-Salem College, North Carolina\n 1991 Doctor of Science, Lincoln College, Pennsylvania\n 2000 Doctor of Humanities, Princeton University\n 2005 Doctor of Science, Wilson College, North Carolina\n 2006 Doctor of Science, Dartmouth College\n 2007 Doctor of Engineering, Harvey Mudd College\n 2007 Doctor of Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute\n 2008 Doctor of Humanities, DePaul University\n 2009 Doctor of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of NYU\n 2019 Doctor of Humane Letters, Florida Southern College\n\nFilmography \n Star Trek: The Next Generation (1993) – Lieutenant Palmer, episode \"Second Chances\"\n Susan B. Anthony Slept Here (1995) – herself\n Star Trek: 30 Years and Beyond (1996) – herself\n The New Explorers (1998) – episode \"Endeavor\"\n How William Shatner Changed the World (2005) – herself\n African American Lives (2006) – herself\n No Gravity (2011) – herself\n The Real (2016) – herself\n\nPublications \n \n \n She contributed the piece \"Outer Space: The Worldly Frontier\" to the 2003 anthology Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for a New Millennium, edited by Robin Morgan.\n\nSee also \n List of African-American astronauts\n\nReferences\n\nFurther reading \n Blue, Rose J. Mae Jemison: Out of this World, Millbrook Press, 2003 – \n Burby, Liza N. Mae Jemison: The First African American Woman Astronaut, The Rosen Publishing Group, 1997 – \n Canizares, Susan. Voyage of Mae Jemison, Sagebrush Education Resources, 1999 – \n Ceaser, Ebraska D. Mae C. Jemison: 1st Black Female Astronaut, New Day Press, 1992.\n Polette, Nancy. Mae Jemison, Scholastic Library Publishing, 2003 – \n Sakurai, Gail. Mae Jemison: Space Scientist, Scholastic Library Publishing, 1996 – \n Yannuzzi, Della A. Mae Jemison: A Space Biography, Enslow Publishers, 1998 –\n\nExternal links \n\n Biography at NASA\n \n \n \n Mae Jemison – Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America\n \"Stories of Atlanta – Boldly Going ... And Taking Stuff\"\n\n1956 births\nAfrican-American women aviators\nAfrican-American aviators\nAfrican-American physicians\nAfrican-American scientists\nAmerican bioengineers\nAmerican primary care physicians\nAmerican women physicians\nEngineers from Illinois\nLiving people\nNASA civilian astronauts\nPeace Corps volunteers\nPeople from Chicago\nPeople from Decatur, Alabama\nPeople from Houston\nPhysician astronauts\nPhysicians from Alabama\nSpace Shuttle program astronauts\nStanford University School of Engineering alumni\nWeill Cornell Medical College alumni\nWomen astronauts\nWriters from Alabama\nAfrican-American women physicians\n21st-century African-American people\n21st-century African-American women\n20th-century African-American people\n20th-century African-American women", "Robert Jemison Jr. (September 17, 1802 – October 16, 1871) was an American politician, entrepreneur and slave owner who served as a Confederate States Senator from Alabama from 1863 to 1865. He also served in the two houses of the Alabama Legislature from 1837 until 1863.\n\nEarly years \nJemison was born in Lincoln County, Georgia, near Augusta, Georgia, to William and Sarah (Mims) Jemison. He was educated there at Mount Zion Academy, where he was a classmate of Dixon Hall Lewis, and attended the University of Georgia. His father, William Jemison, was a slaveholder and landowner of at least four large-scale properties. Robert Jemison Jr. used the Jr. behind his name to distinguish himself from his grandfather, also named Robert. In 1826, Jemison moved with his father's family to Pickens County, Alabama, where he was a planter until 1836, when he moved to Tuscaloosa, Alabama.\n\nCareer \nJemison served in the Alabama state legislature, initially in the Senate and then in the House, from 1840-1851. He returned to the Senate from 1851-1863. In 1861, he was a Delegate to the Convention and voted against the Ordinance of Secession. He was elected unanimously to be President of the Alabama Senate in 1863; soon after, he was elected to the Confederate States Senate, replacing William Lowndes Yancey, who had died of a kidney ailment.\n\nJemison owned multiple businesses. A primary source of capital was his plantations. His papers show that he owned 120 slaves in 1851, including 44 children under the age of 10. He owned six plantations in western Alabama, totaling . In 1858, he attempted to sell the plantations, 70 slaves and other land in Tuscaloosa, including another residence, a livery stable and the Indian Queen Hotel. Jemison's other ventures included a stagecoach line, toll roads, toll bridges, grist mills, sawmills, turnpikes, stables, a hotel, and plank roads. His largest enterprise was a Cherokee Place plantation in what is now Northport, Alabama, where he lived before building the Jemison-Van de Graaff Mansion in Tuscaloosa.\n\nJemison advocated for the creation of a state-owned mental hospital which eventually became Bryce Hospital, and hired the same Philadelphia architectural firm to design both his private Tuscaloosa mansion and the hospital. After the Civil War, Jemison's wealth was significantly diminished, and eventually he lost his family mansion due to debt.\n\nOne of his businesses was the Tuscaloosa Bridge Company. It built two of the first covered bridges across the Black Warrior River. Jemison hired Horace King, a skilled multiracial enslaved person from Russell County to build bridges in eastern Mississippi. King became one of the most respected bridge designers and builders in the Deep South. In 1846, Jemison, along with King's owner, John Godwin, obtained his freedom through an act of the Alabama Legislature, which exempted King from the manumission laws. King built the last covered bridge at Tuscaloosa and Northport over the Black Warrior in 1872 just a few months after Jemison's death on October 16, 1871. Jemison made an arrangement with Tuscaloosa County for King to build the bridge and this bridge was the first of many that the county would build.\n\nFamily \nJemison was married to Priscilla (Cherokee) Jemison and had one daughter, Cherokee Mims Jemison.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n Confederate Congress bio\n Political Graveyard\n The Robert Jemison Jr. Papers, W.S. Hoole Special Collections Library, The University of Alabama.\n\n1802 births\n1871 deaths\n19th-century American politicians\nAlabama Secession Delegates of 1861\nAlabama state senators\nConfederate States senators\nMembers of the Alabama House of Representatives\nPeople from Lincoln County, Georgia\nPeople of Alabama in the American Civil War\nAmerican slave owners" ]

[ "Mae Jemison", "Other news", "Did Mae encounter any hardships?", "In the spring of 1996, Jemison filed a complaint against a Texas police officer, accusing him of police brutality during a traffic stop that ended in her arrest.", "What was the outcome of the complaint?", "I don't know.", "What did she think was the reasoning behind the traffic stop?", "allegedly making an illegal U-turn and arrested after Hughes learned of an outstanding warrant on Jemison", "Why does Jemison think she was actually pulled?", "I don't know." ]

[ "The Hardships of the English Laws in Relation to Wives: With an Explanation of the Original Curse of Subjection Passed upon the Woman: In an Humble Address to the Legislature (1735) is a legal treatise by Sarah Chapone on the oppression of married women, styled as an address to Parliament. It was originally published anonymously, but scholarship has confirmed that Chapone was the author. \n\nThe Hardships, which was written at a time of political crisis in England, argues that the position of married women under the legal doctrine of coverture was analogous to slavery. Present-day scholars have noted philosophical analogies with republican theory and currents of Christian feminism in the work.\n\nHistorical background \nThe Hardships was composed in the wake of the Excise Crisis of 1733. The controversy involved customs duties imposed at the instance of Robert Walpole, who hoped to reduce land taxes (disfavoured by the gentry, who were the majority of MPs at the time) by making up the shortfall with tariffs imposed on tobacco imports. This change met with fierce opposition. \n\nDuring the Crisis, political pamphleteers had argued that if one's property—and, hence, one's person—were subject to interference by another, one was not free. Broad suggests that that these pamphlets, and the views of liberty they introduced, should be understood as part of the conceptual background to the Hardships.\n\nPublication history \nHardships was originally published anonymously in London in 1735. Scholars have confirmed that Chapone was the author. Portions of the work were reprinted in The Gentleman's Magazine in 1741.\n\nArgument \nChapone outlines the argument at the beginning of Hardships in three propositions:I. That the Estate of Wives is more than Slavery itself.\n\nII. That Wives may be made Prisoners for Life at the Discretion of their Domestic Governors, whose Power … bears no Manner of Proportion to that Degree of Authority, which is vested in any other set of Men in England. …\n\nIII. That Wives have no Property, neither in their own Persons, Children, or Fortunes.\n\nCommentary\n\nAs a legal treatise \n\nThe Hardships is an argument against coverture and other forms of oppression. Chapone canvasses both English law and foreign equivalents, arguing that English law in the mid-18th century put women in a less favourable position than either Roman or Portuguese law. Her discussion of Portuguese law, which, at the time, was relatively progressive with regard to women's rights, was unusual. Generally speaking, non-Lusophone works did not consider Portuguese sources.\n\nChapone suggests that English wives were more oppressed than members of a harem. She argues that the law permits husbands to treat their wives essentially as they wish, without fear of legal consequence, and advocates for 'just and reasonable safeguards for a married woman's personal property and property in her children'. She placed a particular emphasis on this latter point.\n\nIt is not clear whether the Hardships paints an accurate portrait of women's legal situation in England in the mid-18th century. Bailey notes that, while the common law doctrine of coverture was deeply limiting, '[t]hree other jurisdictions – equity, ecclesiastical law and customary law – gave women individual rights, redress and opportunities for litigation'.\n\nAs philosophy and protofeminist theory \nBroad argues that the Hardships develops a 'republican concept of liberty', according to which women should be both free from domination in the marital context and free to develop their own personalities free from undue interference.\n\nOrr argues that Anglican theology was an influence on the Hardships. She notes (following Barbara J. Todd) that Patrick Delany's text Revelation Examined with Candour (1732) was in the background of Chapone's work, and that Jeremy Taylor's views on marriage were likely also important to the theory of the Hardships.\n\nOrr further claims that 'the theological framework is essential for understanding Chapone's feminism'. She suggests that, on Chapone's view, any threat to the status of Christianity in society—such as that posed by Deism, which Chapone also critiqued in her Remarks on Mrs. Muilman's Letter to the Right Honourable the Earl of Chesterfield (1750)—would induce husbands to abandon a Christian attitude towards their wives, and thereby indulge in the worst excesses that the English law allowed. \n\nIn the Hardships, Chapone critiques the sexist views of William Wollaston, who argued that women were naturally inferior to men. She also expresses dissatisfaction with the theory of Thomas Hobbes.\n\nNotes\n\nExplanatory notes\n\nReferences\n\nBibliography\n\nFurther reading \n A recent scholarly edition of Chapone's Hardships, including contemporary responses and criticism.\n A collection of early modern legal treatises on the rights of women, including the Hardships.\n\nExternal links \n Complete text of (1735 edition)\n\n1735 books\nLegal treatises", "Mary Laschinger (born circa 1959) is the former chairman and chief executive officer of Veritiv.\n\nWhile she was the CEO of Veritiv, it was the largest woman-run company in Georgia.\n\nEarly life and education\nLaschinger was born around 1959 and grew up on her family's dairy farm in Arkansaw, Wisconsin. She was third from the youngest, with four brothers and three sisters. Her father took advantage of government subsidies and the family did not have many of the hardships of other small farms. She did laundry and scrubbed the floors as a child on the farm.\n\nAfter graduating high school, she worked several odd jobs and spent several years attending a local tech school. She was 21 when she began attending university, and in 1985, she graduated with a degree in business administration from the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire. She completed her Executive MBA at the University of Connecticut and her postgraduate studies at Northwestern University’s, Kellogg School of Management in executive management.\n\nCareer\nIn 1985, Laschinger went to work as a production planner for Kimberly-Clark and then for James River (now Georgia-Pacific).\n\nShe joined International Paper in 1992, where she held various roles. She was a senior vice president of the company from 2007, until June 2014. From January 2010 until June 2014, she was the company's president of its xpedx division.\n\nOn July 1, 2014, Veritiv was formed upon the merger of International Paper Company's xpedx division with the parent company of Unisource Worldwide, at which time Laschinger became chairman and CEO of the company.\n\nBy June 2016, Laschinger was one of 21 women CEOs of Fortune 500 companies.\n\nIn 2019, with compensation of $7 million, she was the highest paid female CEO in the Atlanta metropolitan area.\n\nIn September 2020, Laschinger retired.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\n1959 births\nLiving people\nPeople from Waterville, Wisconsin\nUniversity of Wisconsin–Eau Claire alumni\nUniversity of Connecticut alumni" ]

[ "Mae Jemison", "Other news", "Did Mae encounter any hardships?", "In the spring of 1996, Jemison filed a complaint against a Texas police officer, accusing him of police brutality during a traffic stop that ended in her arrest.", "What was the outcome of the complaint?", "I don't know.", "What did she think was the reasoning behind the traffic stop?", "allegedly making an illegal U-turn and arrested after Hughes learned of an outstanding warrant on Jemison", "Why does Jemison think she was actually pulled?", "I don't know.", "Did she have any other hardships?", "Jemison had failed to be re-elected to the board in a vote of the shareholders of the company at the company's May 31 annual stockholders meeting." ]

[ "Sir John Gore (died December 1636) was an English merchant who was Lord Mayor of London in 1624.\n\nGore was a son of Gerard Gore, alderman of the City of London. He was a city of London merchant and a member of the Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors. He was elected Sheriff of London in 1614 but did not take office until 1615. On 19 December 1615 he was elected an alderman of the City of London for Aldersgate ward. He became instead alderman for Castle Baynard in 1618 and for Walbrook in 1621. In 1624, he was elected Lord Mayor of London. He was knighted on 4 June 1626. In 1634 he was elected president of Christ's Hospital.\n\nGore married as his second wife, a daughter of Sir Thomas Cambell (Lord Mayor in 1609–10). His eldest daughter married John Cotton, alderman in 1649. He was the brother of Richard Gore MP for the City of London, and of William Gore, alderman and Sheriff in 1615/16.\n\nReferences\n\nYear of birth missing\n1636 deaths\nSheriffs of the City of London\n17th-century lord mayors of London", "Anyi Ngau (born 1958) is a Malaysian politician who has been serving as the Member of the Dewan Rakyat for Baram since 2013.\n\nNgau made his political debut at the 2013 election when he contested for Baram and was elected. He was re-nominated for the same constituency at the 2018 election, despite rumours that a direct candidate from the then ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) would be nominated. He was re-elected, defeating the People's Justice Party (PKR) candidate Roland Engan, who is also his nephew, with a majority of 1,990 votes.\n\nIn March 2020, when Muhyiddin Yassin was appointed Prime Minister, he nominated an Progressive Democratic Party (PDP) MP Tiong King Sing as the Deputy Minister of National Unity, which Tiong refused the bid. There was a speculation that Ngau, another PDP MP, could be appointed instead Tiong, but was never happened. The position was taken away by Ti Lian Ker from the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA). Instead, he was appointed Chairman of Malaysia Cocoa Board on 20 May, replacing Jonathan Yasin. He was also appointed Chairman of Malaysian Pepper Board on 1 July.\n\nNgau is of Kenyah descent and graduated from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM).\n\nReferences \n\nLiving people\nDayak people\n1958 births\nProgressive Democratic Party (Malaysia) politicians" ]

[ "Ai (singer)", "Products and endorsements" ]

[ "Synthol is a liquid medical product brand available in France since 1920, though the nature of the product has changed through the brand's history.\n\n1920s\nSynthol was developed by Maurice Bunau-Varilla, a prominent newspaper publisher of the early twentieth century, as a tonic. He promoted it as a cure-all tonic.\n\nChloral hydrate based formula\nThe brand was acquired by GlaxoSmithKline. Formerly the formula consisted of chloral hydrate, menthol, veratrol, resorcinol and salicylic acid. Sold mainly as a mouthwash in a distinctive black carton, it is also packaged as a gel and spray for the treatment of muscular pain(s).\n\nToday \nFollowing a rupture in supply 2014–2015 the product returned to French pharmacies in June 2016 with the same composition, minus chloral hydrate, now banned, and with the indication \"mouthwash\" («bain de bouche») removed. \n\nAmong the new uses of the reformulation is endorsement of the Synthol gel as an umbilical cord antiseptic.\n\nSyntholKiné\nA similarly named but unrelated product named SyntholKiné was launched by Glaxo in 2015.\n\nReferences\n\nOral hygiene\nGlaxoSmithKline brands", "The Mayoral election of 1949 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania was held on Tuesday, November 8, 1949. David Lawrence of the Democratic Party was reelected to a second term. Despite commanding a powerful position within both local politics and the state party, Lawrence faced a major primary challenge after he failed to gain the endorsement of the AFL-CIO. However, he achieved a moderate victory over union leader Ed Leonard, in part due to the surprising support of the Republican business community, which championed Lawrence's urban renewal projects. After the primary scare, Lawrence defeated Republican Timothy \"Tice\" Ryan, an attorney, by what was then the biggest margin in city mayoral history.\n\nResults\n\nReferences\n\n1949 Pennsylvania elections\n1949\n1949 United States mayoral elections\n1940s in Pittsburgh\nNovember 1949 events" ]

[ "Ai (singer)", "Products and endorsements", "What was a major product endorsement ?", "Ai has worked on four major Coca-Cola TV commercial campaigns," ]

[ "Carrer may refer to:\n\nPeople with the surname:\nGustavo Carrer (1885-1968), Italian athlete in football\nPavlos Carrer (1829-1896) Greek music composer\n\nIn street names;\nIn Barcelona, Spain:\nCarrer d'Aragó\nCarrer d'Ausiàs Marc, Barcelona\nCarrer de Balmes, Barcelona\nCarrer de Bergara, Barcelona\nCarrer del Carme, Barcelona\nCarrer del Consell de Cent, Barcelona\nCarrer d'Entença, Barcelona\nCarrer de Pau Claris, Barcelona\nCarrer de Pelai, Barcelona\nCarrer de Roger de Llúria, Barcelona\nCarrer de Tarragona, Barcelona\nCarrer Gran de Gràcia, Barcelona\nIn Lleida, Spain:\nCarrer de Lluís Companys, Lleida\n\nSee also\n\nCarree (name)", "Tarragona is a station in the Barcelona Metro network in the Sants-Montjuïc district of Barcelona. It is served by line L3 (green line).\n\nThe station is located under Carrer de Tarragona between Carrer de València and Carrer d'Aragó, not far from Barcelona Sants railway station. Station entrances are situated at the junctions of the Carrer de Tarragona with Carrer de València, Carrer d'Aragó, Carrer de l'Elisi and Carrer de Sant Nicolau. In the vestibule served by the southern entrance is the artwork Tres Boles by José Luis Carcedo Vidal. At the lower level, the station has two tracks served by two side platforms.\n\nThe station opened in 1975, along with the other stations of the section of L3 between Paral·lel and Sants Estació stations. This section was originally operated separately from L3, and known as L3b, until the two sections were joined in 1982.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n \n\nBarcelona Metro line 3 stations\nRailway stations opened in 1975\nTransport in Sants-Montjuïc" ]

[ "Ai (singer)", "Products and endorsements", "What was a major product endorsement ?", "Ai has worked on four major Coca-Cola TV commercial campaigns,", "did he have any big moves in his carrer", "Ai's most high-profile work for a TV drama was the theme song for 2006's primetime drama Team Medical Dragon," ]

[ "Did It Again may refer to:\n\n \"Did It Again\" (Kylie Minogue song), 1997\n \"Did It Again\" (Shakira song), 2009\n \"Did It Again\" (Lil Tecca song), 2019\n\nSee also \n Do It Again (disambiguation)", "\"Why Did You Do That?\" is a song recorded by American singer Lady Gaga for the 2018 film A Star Is Born and released on the soundtrack of the same name. It was written by Gaga with Diane Warren, Mark Nilan Jr., Nick Monson and Paul \"DJWS\" Blair, and produced by all but Warren. The song appears in the film during a sequence when Gaga's character, Ally, performs on Saturday Night Live, watched by her husband Jackson (played by co-star Bradley Cooper). Later Jackson berates Ally for selling out with the song's trite lyrics, but she defends it. \"Why Did You Do That?\" was written to evoke both a retro and a modern feel, and was recorded while Gaga was on her Joanne World Tour.\n\nThe song is interspersed with the sound of a xylophone and a repetitive chorus and post-chorus. After its release, the track received a great deal of attention for its lyrics, which some critics and fans felt were a critique of pop music. The songwriters defended the track, saying it was specifically written to emphasize that Ally's career was on the rise as Jackson's was declining.\n\nRecording and composition\n\n\"Why Did You Do That?\" was written by Gaga with Diane Warren, Mark Nilan Jr., Nick Monson and Paul \"DJWS\" Blair; all but Warren produced it. The singer had first collaborated with Warren on the 2015 sexual assault-themed song, \"Til It Happens to You\". Wanting to create a \"cool and fun Gaga song\", Warren wrote the lyrics of \"Why Did You Do That?\" against a backing track. Gaga wanted a \"retro/modern feel\" to the song and wanted Warren to get out of her comfort zone of writing alone. Monson had worked with Gaga on her third studio album, Artpop (2013), and was called in to write songs for A Star Is Born in early March 2017. Around two and a half years before, Paul \"DJWS\" Blair asked Mark Nilan Jr. to come to The Village West studio in Los Angeles and do a songwriting session with Gaga and Warren, resulting in the initial version of \"Why Did You Do That?\".\n\nCooper and Gaga began working with producers on the songs for A Star Is Born in a recording studio in Los Angeles. Once Gaga embarked on her Joanne World Tour (2017–2018), they created a recording studio on the tour bus. Every night after her show Gaga would return to the studio bus and record the tracks. Further recording was carried out at Woodrow Wilson in Hollywood, California, and Shangri-La Studios in Malibu, California. \"Why Did You Do That?\" was mixed by Tom Elmhirst at Electric Lady Studios in New York and was mastered by Randy Merrill at Sterling Sound Studios. The song opens with Ally singing the lines, \"Why do you look so good in those jeans? / Why'd you come around me with an ass like that?\" Warren had thought about the line and Gaga agreed to include it as the opening lyric. The composition is interspersed with xylophone music and the word \"damn\" in the mix. The chorus is repetitive with Gaga singing the words, \"Why did you do that, do that, do that, do that, do that to me?\" against a house beat.\n\nWarren clarified that the intention was not to write a \"bad\" pop song, but something that was fun and less serious, showing Ally's change into a pop artist. She added: \"I love that [Ally] defended her music. It doesn't have to be what he thinks music should be – music can be everything. It can be a serious song, it can be a pop song, it can be a song about an ass.\" Blair also defended the lyrics in an interview with The Washington Post, saying that it was written to specifically portray Ally's career \"taking off\", and hence it had to be \"more bubbly and mainstream\". He felt whatever the song Jackson would have resented it since he was upset at Ally's success and his failing career. Gaga on the other hand was vague about whether \"Why Did You Do That?\" is a bad song saying: \"When we see her on Saturday Night Live and she’s singing a song about why do you look so good in those jeans, it’s almost the antithesis of where we started,\" Gaga said. \"That is relatively shallow.\"\n\nUse in film\nIn A Star Is Born, \"Why Did You Do That?\" is performed by Lady Gaga's character Ally on an Alec Baldwin-hosted episode of Saturday Night Live. The performance represents Ally's transformation from a simple singer-songwriter into a \"full-fledged radio pop star\". Cooper's character, Ally's husband rock musician Jackson Maine, watches her perform it. This drives him to start drinking again. According to Refinery29, Jackson's disbelief and disappointment stems from his feeling that Ally is \"selling out\". Later, when Ally receives a Grammy Award nomination, a drunken Jackson berates her for \"letting go of the person he thought she was happiest being\". Ally defends the song and they quarrel.\n\nFor the dance sequence during the song, Gaga enlisted her long-time choreographer Richy Jackson, who choreographed all the performances in the film. The singer wanted the choreography to be \"jerky\". Jackson described the choreography he created for the song as having \"pop/R&B style with a 90s feel to it\". Since Ally's style and movements are not supposed to be like Gaga's, Jackson created an individual aesthetic for Ally as she performs \"Why Did You Do That?\" and the other uptempo songs like \"Heal Me\" and \"Hair Body Face\".\n\nCritical response and analysis\nAfter the soundtrack was released, \"Why Did You Do That?\" divided critics. Many reviewers assumed it was purposefully written with trite lyrics, to underscore Jackson's point of view about pop music compared to his country-rock songs. Critics found Jackson's dismissal of \"pop music\" to be caused by the character's short-sightedness and inability to go beyond his own rock music. Others believed that the \"bad\" song led the character reverting to his \"rampant alcoholism\".\n\nBrittany Spanos of Rolling Stone felt that the first time Gaga performs the song in the film it \"is meant to be jarring on many levels\" since it is the first time the audience sees Ally as a pop star. Spanos believes \"Why Did You Do That?\" presents \"an argument against pop, which inherently feels like an argument against Lady Gaga herself, one of the biggest advocates for the delectably catchy dance-pop Ally embodies\". However, she does find the song \"intoxicating\" and \"actually pretty great\", comparing it to Gaga's early work from The Fame (2008) era, \"a vampy flirt with a penchant for a hook you won't forget for years\". Alejandra Salazar of Refinery29 described the track as a \"campy, over-the-top pop track with ridiculous lyrics about texting and praying, and also about butts\". Salazar wondered whether the song was purposely \"engineered to be not-so-good\", to portray rock music as a more authentic genre in the film.\n\nWriting for The Daily Dot, Brenden Gallagher noted that \"Why Did You Do That?\" was not submitted by Warner Bros. for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, although it was popular among fans for its lyrics. Gallagher listed a number of Internet memes based on the song. Hazel Cillis of Jezebel contends that although \"Shallow\" and \"I'll Never Love Again\" \"might be the Oscar bait\" of Cooper's movie, \"Why Did You Do That\" is a \"mindless pop song that embodies all that Ally has become in the movie\".\n\nNate Jones of New York magazine characterized \"Why Did You Do That?\" as \"the song about butts\", noting how the song's opening line had become a central point of discussion of the film's portrayal of pop music against rock. Jones felt the general perception about the track \"often boils down to how you feel about [it] – is it terrible, is it a bop, or is it a terrible song that's also a bop?\" He found a number of \"ear-candy\" elements in the composition which grabbed the audience's attention, especially after the line about buttocks. Writing for The New York Times, Kyle Buchanan confessed to having the lyrics stuck in his head. He added that the track can sound shocking initially since \"it forgoes the timelessness of 'Shallow' and its ilk in favor of what feels like pop disposability\", but noted its rising popularity on social media. Dianne Warren noted the track has its \"revenge, because it sticks in your brain. And then you end up saying, 'Why did you do that, do that, do that'.\"\n\nCredits and personnel\nCredits adapted from the liner notes of A Star Is Born.\n\nManagement\n Recorded at Saturday Night Live set in NBC Studios, Woodrow Wilson Studios (Hollywood, California), The Village West (Los Angeles, California) and Shangri-La Studios (Malibu, California)\n Mixed at Electric Lady Studios (New York City)\n Mastered at Sterling Sound Studios (New York City)\n\nPersonnel\n\n Lady Gaga – primary vocals, songwriter, record producer\n Diane Warren – songwriter\n Mark Nilan Jr. – songwriter, producer, keyboards, programming\n Nick Monson – songwriter, producer, keyboards, programming\n Paul \"DJWS\" Blair – songwriter, producer\n Benjamin Rice – recording\n Alex Williams – recording assistant\n Rob Bisel – recording assistant\n Tom Elmhirst – mixing\n Brandon Bost – mixing engineer\n Randy Merrill – audio mastering\n Tim Stewart – guitar\n\nCharts\n\nReferences\n\n2018 songs\nLady Gaga songs\nSong recordings produced by Lady Gaga\nSongs written by Diane Warren\nSongs written by DJ White Shadow\nSongs written by Lady Gaga\nSongs written by Nick Monson\nSongs written for films" ]

[ "Ai (singer)", "Products and endorsements", "What was a major product endorsement ?", "Ai has worked on four major Coca-Cola TV commercial campaigns,", "did he have any big moves in his carrer", "Ai's most high-profile work for a TV drama was the theme song for 2006's primetime drama Team Medical Dragon,", "did he only do song work", "Ai has featured as a spokesperson, or has her music featured, for many products." ]

[ "Ruwida El-Hubti (born 16 April 1989) is an Olympic athlete from Libya. At the 2004 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's 400 metres. She finished last in her heat with a time of 1:03.57, almost 11 seconds slower than anyone else in the heat, and the slowest of anyone in the competition. However, she did set a national record.\n\nReferences\n\n1989 births\nLiving people\nOlympic athletes of Libya\nAthletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics", "Emma Anderson (born 10 June 1967) is an English musician. She is best known for being a songwriter, guitarist and singer in the shoegazing/Britpop band Lush.\n\nMusical career\nBorn in Wimbledon, London, the adopted daughter of a former army officer who ran a gentleman's club in Piccadilly, Anderson attended several schools before taking her O-Levels at Queen's College, where she met Miki Berenyi. As keen music fans, they wrote a fanzine called Alphabet Soup. Her first band, which she joined in 1986, was the Rover Girls (which featured Chris P Mowforth and Stuart Watson, who were both later in Silverfish) as a bass player.\n\nIn 1987, while Anderson was at Ealing College of Higher Education studying Humanities and Berenyi was at North London Polytechnic, they formed Lush. Lush played their very first performance at the Camden Falcon in London on 6 March 1988. They went on to reasonable success, having a number of Top 40 hits over an eight-year career. Anderson told Everett True in Melody Maker, \"I remember when I couldn't play, I wasn't in a band, didn't know anyone else who could play, and now we've got a record out on 4AD. I sometimes find it impossible to come to terms with what's happening.\" Anderson and Berenyi were the only women to take part in the 1992 Lollapalooza tour of the United States.\n\nBoth Anderson and Berenyi became major music press celebrities as part of The Scene That Celebrates Itself. Music magazines the NME and Melody Maker gleefully reported their social activities on a regular basis, which could be said to overshadow their increasingly strong songwriting. As drummer Chris Acland stated, \"people seem to want to talk about Lush's relationship to the press more than they want to talk about Lush.\"\n\nOf the sound of Lush, Emma said, \"\"We were kind of punk rock in one way. We did think 'Well, if they can do it, why the fuck can't we?' Basically, our idea was to have extremely loud guitars with much weaker vocals. And, really the vocals were weaker due to nervousness – we'd always be going 'Turn them down! Turn them down!'.\"\"\n\nAfter their biggest hits, the Top 30 \"Single Girl\", \"Ladykillers\" and \"500 (Shake Baby Shake)\" and Top 10 album, Lovelife, the band's drummer Chris Acland took his own life in 1996. The members were devastated and they split in 1996. Lush officially announced their breakup on 23 February 1998.\n\nWhile a member of Lush, Anderson also worked with Drum Club contributing vocals and guitar on \"Spaced Out Locked In\" on their 1993 album Everything Is Now, also playing guitar on \"Sound System\".\n\nIn 1997 Anderson formed a new band with vocalist Lisa O'Neill, Sing-Sing. Emma explained how it started, \"I just started writing songs not really knowing what was going to happen though I kind of knew I didn't want to form another 4-piece indie band. I demoed those songs for 4AD with myself singing but was dropped but I wasn't fazed. I then met Lisa O'Neill via a guy I was going out with at the time. She had worked with Mark Van Hoen whom funnily enough, someone I knew said, was looking for collaborators so it kind of all fell into place and Sing-Sing was born.\"\nThey released two albums – The Joy of Sing-Sing in 2001 and Sing-Sing and I in 2005, before officially disbanding on New Year's Day 2008.\n\nAnderson joined in reforming Lush in 2015, releasing a four-track EP Blind Spot in early 2016.\n\nAnderson currently resides in Hastings.\n\nDiscography\n\nLush\nScar (mini-LP) – October 1989\nGala – December 1990\nSpooky – January 1992\nSplit – June 1994\nLovelife – March 1996\nCiao! Best of Lush – 2001\nBlind Spot – April 2016\n\nSing-Sing\nThe Joy of Sing-Sing – 2001\nSing-Sing and I – 2005\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nSing-Sing's MySpace\n4AD Lush Page\n\n1967 births\nLiving people\nEnglish adoptees\nPeople educated at Queen's College, London\nEnglish women guitarists\nEnglish rock guitarists\nEnglish women singers\nEnglish rock singers\nEnglish songwriters\nPeople from Wimbledon, London\nShoegazing musicians\nLush (band) members" ]

[ "Ai (singer)", "Products and endorsements", "What was a major product endorsement ?", "Ai has worked on four major Coca-Cola TV commercial campaigns,", "did he have any big moves in his carrer", "Ai's most high-profile work for a TV drama was the theme song for 2006's primetime drama Team Medical Dragon,", "did he only do song work", "Ai has featured as a spokesperson, or has her music featured, for many products.", "did she ever sing with anyone else", "two featuring collaborations (K'naan's \"Wavin' Flag\" (2009), Namie Amuro's \"Wonder Woman\" (2011))." ]

[ "Else Marie Pade (2 December 1924 – 18 January 2016) was a Danish composer of electronic music. She was educated as a pianist at the Kongelige Danske Musikkonservatorium (Royal Danish Academy of Music) in Copenhagen. She studied composition first with Vagn Holmboe, and later with Jan Maegaard, from whom she learned twelve-tone technique. In 1954, she became the first Danish composer of electronic and concrete music. She worked with Pierre Schaeffer and Karlheinz Stockhausen, as well as Pierre Boulez.\n\nPade was active in the resistance during the Second World War, and was interned at the Frøslev prison camp from 1944 until the end of the war.\n\nEarly life\nPade was born in Aarhus. In her childhood, she was often bedridden with pyelonephritis. She listened to the outside world and created \"aural pictures\" out of the sounds. These sounds, real sounds, became the basis of her actual musical works. As a protected child, she came with her mother outside of town and went to the theatre. The first music lessons took place in the home where the mother tried to teach her piano playing, but when she did not bother practising scales, she got her mother's piano teacher, Miss Moller. Later she had music lessons at the People's Music School in Aarhus, where the director, Edoard Müller, a music agent in N. Kochs School, had witnessed Pade's talent and offered her music education at the People's Music School. Pade replied that they could not afford it, and then Müller called the parents and established a system. Else gained insight into jazz thanks to the People's Music School. She borrowed a portable gramophone from a friend and heard New Orleans jazz. When she was about 16 she began playing in a jazz band, \"The Blue Star Band\", which played at school dances and associations. Pade later took piano lessons with Karin Brieg.\n\nIt was through Brieg that she came into the Danish Resistance. One day Else spat at a column of German soldiers who marched in Aarhus' city center. A soldier stepped out of line and ran after her, but Else knew the city and escaped, taking the tram to Brieg who lived in Klintegården. Brieg said that if she were to resist, she had to join the Resistance, and so Pade joined a women's group with her.\n\nResistance and imprisonment\n\nPade began by distributing illegal newspapers after 20 August 1943, and in 1944 she received training in the use of weapons and explosives. She joined an all-female explosives group aimed at identifying the telephone cables in Aarhus with resistance organiser Hedda Lundh. The idea of this survey was that the wires would be blown up when the British invasion came, so the Germans could not use the telephone network. However the plan was cancelled when the Normandy landings took place.\n\nOn 13 September 1944, Pade was arrested by the Gestapo. Through a prison window she saw a star flash and heard music coming from inside herself. Next morning she scratched the tune into the cell wall with a buckle from her girdle. It was the song \"You and I and the Stars\" (\"Du og jeg og stjernerne\"). She was sent to Frøslevlejren, where she began composing, and decided to train in music. In Frøslevlejren the prisoners held song evenings to keep their spirits up. The songs included Pade's songs and other songs arranged by Karin Brieg. These works were released on CD on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the liberation: Songs in the Darkness: Music Frøslevlejren 1944–45.\n\nComposing\nAfter the war, she read at the Conservatory of Music, first as a pianist, but because of the after-effects of her stay in Frøslevlejren she could not do this and trained instead as a composer. In 1952 she heard a Danmarks Radio programme on Musique concrète and its creator Pierre Schaeffer. It reminded her of her own childhood conception of sounds and timbres. Via family in France, she contacted the French radio RTF and Schaeffer. She got the chance to see studies on RTF and Pierre Schaeffer had his workshop and got an appointment to get sent home material. In the same year she read Schaeffer's book À la Recherche d'une musique concrete (On the trail of concrete music).\n\nA Day at Dyrehavsbakken\nThis, inspired by Pierre Schaeffer, became Denmark's first concrete and electronic music work: A Day at Dyrehavsbakken. After having posted a synopsis for DR, as Jens Frederik Lawaetz read, she agreed to make background music for a TV show for the new Danish television. The background music was Denmark's first practical musical work created by many recordings from Bakken, in which she was assisted by technicians from DR.\n\nSymphonie magnétophonique\nThe work is musique concrète describing everyday life in a day in Copenhagen: morning dawning with its routines, the way to work, time in the office or the factory, then the trip home from school or work to domestic routines in the evening, and finally the day is ending and a new one can begin.\n\nSeven Circles\nThis was composed after visit to the planetarium at Expo 58 in Brussels. The composition shows the night sky with the stars and their movement relative to each other. The work is based on Ligeti's principles of sound colours, Boulez's serialism and Stockhausen's mathematically organized score.\n\nDarmstadt School\nHer interest in the new music caused her and many other composers to travel to Darmstadt and follow Stockhausen, Ligeti and Boulez's courses at the Darmstädter Ferienkurse. Pade participated in 1962, 1964, 1968, and 1972. Stockhausen has used her Glass Bead Game as an example when he lectured on electronic music.\n\nGrass blade\nNini Theilade and Pade became friends after meeting at El Forman's apartment, where many art-interested people gathered. Together they did a TV ballet, Grass Blade, based on a poem by El Forman, with choreography by Theilade.\n\nSee also\nList of Danish composers\n\nReferences\n\nSources\n\nExternal links\n Kvinfo profile\n Danish Film Institute profile\n \n\nDanish composers\nRoyal Danish Academy of Music alumni\nDanish female resistance members\nPeople from Aarhus\nElectronic musicians\nDanish electronic musicians\n1924 births\n2016 deaths\nDanish women composers\nDanish resistance members", "Else Gabriel (b. 1962) is a German performance artist and educator.\n\nBiography\nElse Gabriel was born in Halberstadt, East Germany in 1962. She studied at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts. Else was a key artist in the alternative arts scene that formed by late 1980s. Along with Micha Brendel, Rainer Gorb, and Via Lewandowsky. She was a member of Autoperforatsionsartisten (Auto perforation artists). The Autoperforatsionsartisten, an East German performance art group, combined fluxus and neodada with body art and installations in a multimedia spectacle. In addition to performance art, Else is known for her photographs, in which she combined personal text with images. Though this format did not appear to be logically tied, her intent behind this is to produce an associative, sensual frame of reference.\n\nSince 1991, she has been a part of the group (e.) Twin Gabriel with her partner Ulf Wrede. Gabriel was included in the 1991 exhibition Berlin Divided: Sissel Tolas, Milovan Markovic, Else Gabriel, Rolf Julius at MoMA. In 2019 she was included in the exhibit The Medea Insurrection: Radical Women Artists Behind the Iron Curtain at Wende Museum in Culver City, California.\n\nShe has taught at the ArtCenter College of Design in Pasadena, California and lectured at the University of Hamburg, the University of Kassel, the University of Kiel and Saarland University. Since 2009 she has taught in Berlin at Kunsthochschule Berlin-Weißensee, in the Sculpture Department.\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n(e.) Twin Gabriel website\n2016 radio interview with Gabriel on KCRW Berlin\nhttps://www.are.na/block/10839375 JHU “East German Art and the Permeability of the Berlin Wall”\nhttps://www.are.na/block/10839551. Aperture x Princeton “Another Country (mention)\nhttps://performingtheeast.com/else-gabriel/\n\n1962 births\n20th-century German women artists\n21st-century German women artists\nGerman performance artists\nPeople from Halberstadt\nLiving people" ]

[ "Ai (singer)", "Products and endorsements", "What was a major product endorsement ?", "Ai has worked on four major Coca-Cola TV commercial campaigns,", "did he have any big moves in his carrer", "Ai's most high-profile work for a TV drama was the theme song for 2006's primetime drama Team Medical Dragon,", "did he only do song work", "Ai has featured as a spokesperson, or has her music featured, for many products.", "did she ever sing with anyone else", "two featuring collaborations (K'naan's \"Wavin' Flag\" (2009), Namie Amuro's \"Wonder Woman\" (2011)).", "who else did she do a calabo with in music", "I don't know." ]

[ "Pure Energy: the very best of Information Society is a compilation album by the synthpop band Information Society. It is generally poorly regarded by band members.\n\nTrack listing\n \"What's on Your Mind (Pure Energy)\" - 4:18\n \"Peace & Love, Inc. (Biokraft Mix)\" - 5:02\n \"Empty 3.0\" - 8:34\n \"Closing In 2.0\" - 8:13\n \"On The Outside 2.1\" - 6:49\n \"Walking Away (Leæther Strip Mix)\" - 5:01\n \"What's on Your Mind (Pure Energy) (Effcee Mix)\" - 5:42\n \"Are 'Friends' Electric? (Slightly Altered Version)\" - 4:57\n \"Going, Going, Gone (Razed in Black Mix)\" - 4:58\n \"Express Yourself\" - 5:01\n \"Ozar Midrashim 1.1\" - 6:54\n \"Seek 300 2.11\" - 4:36\n \"The Ridge 1.1\" - 9:41\n\nProduction\nThis album contains tracks from the albums Don't Be Afraid (done by Kurt Harland alone) and InSoc Recombinant (a remix album, again a solo work by Harland), along with different mixes of \"Are Friends Electric?\" and \"What's On Your Mind\", and a cover version of a Madonna song (which had been made for Cleopatra's tribute album entitled \"Virgin Voices Vol. 1: A Tribute To Madonna\").\n\nThe album was produced by Cleopatra Records from archived material without any involvement from the band. Despite being listed in the liner notes as the album's producer, singer Harland did not work on it, and did not know of it before it was released.\n\nThe band's reactions\nPaul Robb says this is \"not an Information Society record\" and \"an insult to both the band and the fans\". He also detested the cover art, calling it \"dreadful\". \n\nDespite refusing to \"endorse or un-endorse\" it, Harland expressed a strong dislike regarding the cover art, for being poorly done and for depicting him bearing a firearm.\n\nThe band has referred to it in their MySpace blog as \"that horrible Cleopatra abomination\".\n\nExternal links\n Track-by-track review\n\nInformation Society (band) albums\n2004 compilation albums", "Delphine Lecompte (born 22 January 1978) is a Flemish poet.\n\nCareer \n\nIn 2010, she won the C. Buddingh'-prijs for her debut poetry collection De dieren in mij.\n\nShe also received the Prijs voor Letterkunde van de Provincie West-Vlaanderen in 2011 for this debut.\n\nControversy \n\nIn 2021, she wrote a letter to Humo magazine in which she made several controversial comments regarding pedophilia. Her letter was condemned by Flemish ministers including Matthias Diependaele and Sammy Mahdi. The city of Bruges, which employs her as the official poet of a museum, did not endorse her views but recognised her right to free speech.\n\nPublications \n 2009: De dieren in mij\n 2010: Verzonnen prooi\n 2012: Blinde gedichten\n 2013: Schachten en amuletten\n 2014: De baldadige walvis\n 2015: Dichter, bokser, koningsdochter\n 2017: Western\n 2019: Vrolijke verwoesting\n\nAwards \n 2010: C. Buddingh'-prijs, De dieren in mij\n 2011: Prijs voor Letterkunde van de Provincie West-Vlaanderen, De dieren in mij\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n\n Delphine Lecompte (in Dutch), Digital Library for Dutch Literature\n Delphine Lecompte (in Dutch), Nederlandse Poëzie Encyclopedie (Dutch Poetry Encyclopedia)\n\n1978 births\nLiving people\nFlemish poets\nC. Buddingh' Prize winners" ]