text
stringlengths 1
6.67k
|
|---|
as senior air commander in the region eaton sat on the darwin defence co @@ ordination committee he was occasionally at loggerheads with his naval counterpart captain ep thomas and also incurred the ire of trade unionists when he used raaf staff to unload ships in port darwin during industrial action eaton himself took part in the work shovelling coal alongside his men on 25 february 1941 he made a flight north to reconnoitre timor ambon and babo in dutch new guinea for potential use by the raaf in any pacific conflict by april the total strength based at raaf station darwin had increased to almost 700 officers and airmen by the following month it had been augmented by satellite airfields at bathurst island groote eylandt batchelor and katherine handing over command of darwin to group captain frederick scherger in october eaton took charge of no 2 service flying training school near wagga wagga new south wales his marked success untiring energy and tact in handling men while in the northern territory were recognised in the new year with his appointment as an officer of the order of the british empire eaton became co of no 1 engineering school and its base raaf station ascot vale victoria in april 1942 twelve months later in townsville queensland he formed no 72 wing which subsequently deployed to merauke in dutch new guinea comprising no 84 squadron ( flying cac boomerang fighters ) no 86 squadron ( p @@ 40 kittyhawk fighters ) and no 12 squadron ( a @@ 31 vengeance dive bombers ) his relations with north @@ eastern area command in townsville were strained mountains were made out of molehills in his opinion and he was reassigned that july to lead no 2 bombing and gunnery school in port pirie south australia |
on 30 november 1943 eaton returned to the northern territory to establish no 79 wing at batchelor comprising no 1 and no 2 squadrons ( flying bristol beaufort light reconnaissance bombers ) no 31 squadron ( bristol beaufighter long @@ range fighters ) and no 18 ( netherlands east indies ) squadron ( b @@ 25 mitchell medium bombers ) he developed a good relationship with his dutch personnel who called him oom charles ( uncle charles ) operating under the auspices of north @@ western area command ( nwa ) darwin eaton's forces participated in the new guinea and north @@ western area campaigns during 1944 in which he regularly flew on missions himself through march april his beaufighters attacked enemy shipping while the mitchells and beauforts bombed timor on a daily basis as a prelude to operations reckless and persecution the invasions of hollandia and aitape on 19 april he organised a large raid against su dutch timor employing thirty @@ five mitchells beauforts and beaufighters to destroy the town's barracks and fuel dumps the results earning him the personal congratulations of the air officer commanding nwa air vice marshal king cole for his splendid effort on the day of the allied landings 22 april the mitchells and beaufighters made a daylight raid on dili portuguese timor the ground assault met little opposition credited in part to the air bombardment in the days leading up to it in june july no 79 wing supported the allied attack on noemfoor eaton was recommended to be mentioned in despatches on 28 october 1944 for his gallant and distinguished service in nwa this was promulgated in the london gazette on 9 march 1945 |
completing his tour with no 79 wing eaton was appointed air officer commanding southern area melbourne in january 1945 the german submarine u @@ 862 operated off southern australia during the first months of 1945 and the few combat units in eaton's command were heavily engaged in anti @@ submarine patrols which sought to locate this and any other u @@ boats in the area the air officer commanding raaf command air vice marshal bill bostock considered the sporadic attacks to be partly nuisance value designed to draw allied resources away from the front line of the south west pacific war in april eaton complained to bostock that intelligence from british pacific fleet concerning its ships' movements eastwards out of western area was hours out of date by the time it was received at southern area command leading to raaf aircraft missing their rendezvous and wasting valuable flying hours searching empty ocean there had been no u @@ boat strikes since february and by june the naval authorities indicated that there was no pressing need for air cover except for the most important vessels |
eaton retired from the raaf on 31 december 1945 in recognition of his war service he was appointed a commander of the order of orange @@ nassau with swords by the dutch government on 17 january 1946 the same month he became australian consul in dili he had seen an advertisement for the position and was the only applicant with experience of the area while based there he accompanied the provincial governor on visits to townships damaged in allied raids during the war taking care to be circumspect about the part played by his own forces from no 79 wing in july 1947 dutch forces launched a police action against territory held by the fledgling indonesian republic which had been declared shortly after the end of the war following a ceasefire the united nations set up a commission chaired by eaton as consul @@ general to monitor progress eaton and his fellow commissioners believed that the ceasefire was serving the dutch as a cover for further penetration of republican enclaves his requests to the australian government for military observers led to deployment of the first peacekeeping force to the region the australians were soon followed by british and us observers and enabled eaton to display a more realistic impression of the situation to the outside world the dutch administration strongly opposed the presence of un forces and accused eaton of impropriety but the australian government refused to recall him following the transfer of sovereignty in december 1949 he became australia's first secretary and chargé d'affaires to the republic of the united states of indonesia in 1950 he returned to australia to serve with the department of external affairs in canberra after retiring from public service in 1951 he and his wife farmed at victoria and cultivated orchids they later moved to frankston where eaton was involved in promotional work |
charles eaton died in frankston on 12 november 1979 survived by his wife and two sons he was cremated in accordance with his wishes his ashes were scattered near tennant creek site of his 1929 forced landing during the search for the kookaburra from an raaf caribou on 15 april 1981 his name figures prominently in the northern territory commemorated by lake eaton in central australia eaton place in the darwin suburb of karama charles eaton drive on the approach to darwin international airport and the charles moth eaton saloon bar in the tennant creek goldfields hotel he is also honoured with a display at the northern territory parliament and a national trust memorial at tennant creek airport at the raaf's 2003 history conference air commodore mark lax recalling eaton's search @@ and @@ rescue missions between the wars commented today we might think of eaton perhaps as the pioneer of our contribution to assistance to the civil community a tradition that continues today perhaps i might jog your memory to a more recent series of rescues no less hazardous for all concerned the amazing location of missing yachtsmen thierry dubois isabelle and tony by our p @@ 3s that guided the navy to their eventual rescue my observation is that such activities remain vital for our relevance in that we must remain connected supportive and responsive to the wants and needs of the australian community |
elizabeth tina fey ( / / born may 18 1970 ) is an american actress comedian writer and producer she is best known for her work on the nbc sketch comedy series saturday night live ( 1998 @@ 2006 ) for her impression of former alaska governor and 2008 vice @@ presidential candidate sarah palin and for creating acclaimed series 30 rock ( 2006 2013 ) and unbreakable kimmy schmidt ( 2015 present ) she is also well known for appearing in films such as mean girls ( 2004 ) baby mama ( 2008 ) date night ( 2010 ) muppets most wanted ( 2014 ) and sisters ( 2015 ) |
fey broke into comedy as a featured player in the chicago @@ based improvisational comedy group the second city she then joined snl as a writer later becoming head writer and a performer known for her position as co @@ anchor in the weekend update segment in 2004 she co @@ starred in and wrote the screenplay for mean girls which was adapted from the 2002 self @@ help book queen bees and wannabes after leaving snl in 2006 she created the television series 30 rock for broadway video a situation comedy loosely based on her experiences at snl in the series fey portrays the head writer of a fictional sketch comedy series in 2008 she starred in the comedy film baby mama alongside former snl co @@ star amy poehler fey next appeared in the 2010 comedy film date night and the animated film megamind in 2015 she created and produced the television series unbreakable kimmy schmidt originally for nbc and eventually for netflix her recent films include sisters and whiskey tango foxtrot |
fey has received eight emmy awards two golden globe awards five screen actors guild awards and four writers guild of america awards and was nominated for a grammy award for her autobiographical book bossypants which topped the new york times best seller list for five weeks in 2008 the associated press gave fey the ap entertainer of the year award for her satirical portrayal of republican vice presidential candidate sarah palin in a guest appearance on snl in 2010 fey was awarded the mark twain prize for american humor becoming the youngest @@ ever recipient of the award on january 13 2013 fey hosted the 70th golden globe awards with her long @@ time friend and fellow comedian amy poehler to critical acclaim the duo hosted again the following two years generating the highest ratings for the annual ceremony in a decade and receiving similar acclaim |
fey was born on may 18 1970 in upper darby pennsylvania a suburb of philadelphia her mother zenobia jeanne ( née ) is a brokerage employee her father donald henry fey ( died 2015 age 82 ) was a university grant proposal writer she has a brother peter who is eight years older fey's mother who was born in piraeus greece is the daughter of greek immigrants fey's maternal grandmother left petrina laconia greece on her own arriving in the united states in february 1921 |
fey's father had english german and northern irish ancestry one of fey's paternal great @@ great @@ great @@ great @@ great @@ grandfathers was john hewson ( 1744 1821 ) a textile manufacturer who immigrated to america with the support of benjamin franklin enabling hewson to quickly open a quilting factory in the kensington neighborhood of philadelphia pennsylvania according to a genealogical dna test arranged by the television series finding your roots fey's ancestry is 94 european 3 middle eastern and 3 from the caucasus |
fey was exposed to comedy early |
at age 11 fey read joe franklin's seventy years of great film comedians for a school project about comedy she grew up watching second city television and has cited catherine o'hara as a role model |
fey attended cardington @@ stonehurst elementary school and beverly hills middle school in upper darby by middle school she knew she was interested in comedy fey attended upper darby high school where she was an honors student a member of the choir drama club and tennis team and co @@ editor of the school's newspaper the acorn she also anonymously wrote the newspaper's satirical column the colonel following her graduation in 1988 fey enrolled at the university of virginia where she studied play @@ writing and acting and was awarded the pettway prize she graduated in 1992 with a bachelor of arts degree in drama |
after college she worked as a receptionist during the day at the evanston ymca and took classes at second city at night |
while performing shows with the second city in 1997 fey submitted several scripts to nbc's variety show saturday night live ( snl ) at the request of its head writer adam mckay a former performer at second city she was hired as a writer for snl following a meeting with snl creator lorne michaels and moved to new york from chicago fey told the new yorker i'd had my eye on the show forever the way other kids have their eye on derek jeter originally fey struggled at snl her first sketch to air starred chris farley in a sally jessy raphael satire fey went on to write a series of parodies including one of abc's morning talk show the view she co @@ wrote the sully and denise sketches with rachel dratch who plays one of the teens |
fey was an extra in a 1998 episode and after watching herself decided to diet and lost 30 pounds she told the new york times i was a completely normal weight but i was here in new york city i had money and i couldn't buy any clothes after i lost weight there was interest in putting me on camera in 1999 mckay stepped down as head writer which led michaels to approach fey for the position she became snl's first female head writer that year |
in 2000 fey began performing in sketches and she and jimmy fallon became co @@ anchors of snl's weekend update segment fey said she did not ask to audition but that michaels approached her michaels explained that there was chemistry between fey and fallon though the decision was kind of risky at the time her role in weekend update was well received by critics ken tucker of entertainment weekly wrote fey delivers such blow darts poison filled jokes written in long precisely parsed sentences unprecedented in update history with such a bright sunny countenance makes her all the more devilishly delightful dennis miller a former cast member of snl and anchor of weekend update was pleased with fey as one of the anchors for the segment fey might be the best weekend update anchor who ever did it she writes the funniest jokes robert bianco of usa today however commented that he was not enamored of the pairing |
in 2001 fey and the rest of the writing staff won a writers guild of america award for snl's 25th anniversary special the following year at the 2002 emmy awards ceremony they won the emmy for outstanding writing for a variety music or comedy program |
when fallon left the show in may 2004 he was replaced on weekend update by amy poehler it was the first time that two women co @@ anchored weekend update fey revealed that she hired poehler as her co @@ host for the segment the reception was positive with rachel sklar of the chicago tribune noting that the pairing has been a hilarious pitch @@ perfect success as they play @@ off each other with quick one @@ liners and deadpan delivery |
the 2005 2006 season was her last she departed to develop 30 rock for broadway video at the time she left the 117 episodes she co @@ hosted made her snl's longest @@ serving weekend update anchor a mark that would later be passed by her replacement seth meyers in rolling stone magazine's february 2015 appraisal of all 141 snl cast members to date fey was ranked third in importance ( behind john belushi and eddie murphy ) they credited her with salvaging' update' from a decade @@ long losing streak and slapping snl out of its late @@ nineties coma |
in 2002 fey suggested a pilot episode for a situation comedy about a cable news network to nbc which rejected it the pilot was reworked to revolve around an snl style series and was accepted by nbc she signed a contract with nbc in may 2003 which allowed her to remain in her snl head writer position at least through the 2004 2005 television season as part of the contract fey was to develop a prime @@ time project to be produced by broadway video and nbc universal the pilot directed by adam bernstein centered on liz lemon the head writer of a variety show on nbc and how she managed her relationships with the show's volatile stars and the new head of the network in october 2006 the pilot aired on nbc as 30 rock although the episode received generally favorable reviews it finished third in its timeslot |
the network renewed the series for a second season which began in october 2007 the show's third season premiered on october 30 2008 the premiere episode drew 8 @@ 5 million viewers the highest ratings of the series |
in 2007 fey received an emmy award nomination for outstanding actress in a comedy series the show itself won the 2007 emmy for outstanding comedy series ( and did so again for two subsequent years ) in 2008 she won the golden globe screen actors guild and emmy awards all in the category for best actress in a comedy series the following year fey again won the golden globe and screen actors guild award in the same categories and was nominated for an emmy award in early 2010 fey received a golden globe nomination for best actress and won the screen actors guild award for best lead actress 30 rock was renewed for the 2010 2011 season in march 2010 the series returned for the 2011 2012 season though due to fey's pregnancy with her second child the season premiere was delayed until midseason fey's performance on the show was inspired by julia louis @@ dreyfus and later used louis @@ dreyfus to play the stand @@ in for the character of liz lemon in flashback scenes during the live episode of the fifth season on may 11 2012 it was announced that the show had been renewed for a seventh and final season to premiere october 4 2012 with 13 episodes after receiving 13 emmy award nominations and two wins for this final season 30 rock ended its critically acclaimed run with 112 emmy award nominations it has been cited as one of the greatest tv series of all time and it is considered to have one of the greatest finales in television history |
in 2015 fey created and produced the television comedy unbreakable kimmy schmidt with fellow 30 rock @@ alumnus robert carlock the series stars ellie kemper as the titular character who escapes from a doomsday cult and moves to new york it also stars fey's former co @@ star jane krakowski as well as burgess ( who had previously appeared in four 30 rock episodes ) and carol kane although it was originally produced for nbc it was eventually sold to netflix and immediately renewed for a second season the show premiered on march 6 2015 to critical acclaim |
on july 16 2015 the series was nominated for seven primetime emmy awards including outstanding comedy series fey herself was nominated both as the creator / executive producer of the series and for outstanding guest actress in a comedy series for her guest performance as marcia a bumbling prosecutor in reference to marcia clark |
in 2002 fey appeared in the surreal comedy martin & orloff she made her debut as writer and co @@ star of the 2004 teen comedy mean girls characters and behaviors in the movie are based on fey's high school life at upper darby high school and on the non @@ fiction book queen bees and wannabes by rosalind wiseman the cast includes other past cast members of snl including tim meadows ana gasteyer and amy poehler the film received favorable reviews and was a box office success grossing us $ 129 million worldwide |
in a 2004 interview fey expressed that she would like to write and direct movies in 2006 fey worked on a movie script for paramount pictures which was to feature sacha baron cohen by the name of curly oxide and vic thrill based loosely on the true story of a hasidic rock musician in 2007 she was cast in the animated comedy film aqua teen hunger force colon movie film for theaters as the aqua teens' mother a giant burrito |
she received her sag card after appearing in artie lange's beer league released in 2006 in which she was compelled to join for a thousand dollars |
fey and former snl castmate amy poehler starred in the 2008 comedy baby mama the movie was written and directed by michael mccullers the plot concerns kate ( fey ) a business woman who wants a child but discovering she has only a million @@ to @@ one chance of getting pregnant decides to find a surrogate angie ( poehler ) a white @@ trash schemer baby mama received mixed reviews but critics enjoyed fey's performance todd mccarthy of variety wrote fey is a delight to watch throughout able to convey kate's intentions and feelings through the simple looks and inflections she never her situation nor does her efficient perfectionist side become overbearing the movie grossed over us $ 64 million at the box office |
fey's projects after 2008 include a voice role in the english @@ language version of the japanese animated film ponyo in 2009 she appeared in the invention of lying alongside ricky gervais jennifer garner rob lowe and christopher guest her next film role was in shawn levy's 2010 comedy date night a feature that focuses on a married couple played by fey and steve carell who go on a date however the night goes awry for the two also in the same year she voiced roxanne ritchie a television reporter in the dreamworks animated film megamind ( 2010 ) with a total worldwide gross of us $ 321 million megamind is fey's most commercially successful picture to date it earned us $ 173 million outside the us and us $ 148 million domestically |
in 2013 fey starred alongside paul rudd in the romantic comedy @@ drama film admission based on the jean korelitz novel by the same name the film was directed by paul weitz fey later starred in the 2014 comedy @@ drama this is where i leave you helmed by date night director shawn levy as was the case with baby mama although both of these films received generally mixed reviews fey's performances were well received by film critics |
in 2015 it was announced fey would be the narrator for the disney nature film monkey kingdom which was released in theaters on april 17 2015 she then re @@ teamed with poehler starring in the 2015 comedy film sisters as the title characters and received positive reviews for her role in 2016 fey starred in the biographical war comedy @@ drama whiskey tango foxtrot based on the memoir the taliban shuffle strange days in afghanistan and pakistan to positive reviews |
on february 23 2008 fey hosted the first episode of snl after the 2007 2008 writers guild of america strike for this appearance she was nominated for an emmy in the category of individual performance in a variety or music program fey hosted snl for a second time on april 10 2010 and for her appearance she received an emmy nomination for outstanding guest actress in a comedy series |
from september to november 2008 fey made multiple guest appearances on snl to perform a series of parodies of republican vice @@ presidential candidate sarah palin on the 34th season premiere episode aired september 13 2008 fey imitated palin in a sketch alongside amy poehler as hillary clinton their repartee included clinton needling palin about her tina fey glasses the sketch quickly became nbc's most @@ watched viral video ever with 5 @@ 7 million views by the following wednesday fey reprised this role on the october 4 show on the october 18 show where she was joined by the real sarah palin and on the november 1 show where she was joined by john mccain and his wife cindy the october 18 show had the best ratings of any snl show since 1994 the following year fey won an emmy in the category of outstanding guest actress in a comedy series for her impersonation of palin fey returned to snl in april 2010 and reprised her impression of palin in one sketch titled the sarah palin network fey once again did her impression of palin when she hosted saturday night live on may 8 2011 |
in december 2009 entertainment weekly put her palin impersonation on its end @@ of @@ the @@ decade best @@ of list writing fey's freakishly spot @@ on snl impersonation of the wannabe vp ( and her ability to strike a balance between comedy and cruelty ) made for truly transcendent television rolling stone called her palin impression [ arguably ] the most brilliant move snl ever made |
in 1997 fey and other members of the second city provided voices for the pinball game medieval madness |
in 2000 fey partnered with fellow snl cast member rachel dratch in the off broadway two @@ woman show dratch & fey at the upright citizens brigade theater in new york city the production was well received by critics tim townsend of the wall street journal wrote that the fun part of watching fey and dratch perform was seeing how comfortable they are with each other he concluded that the production isn't about two women being funny dratch and fey are just funny period one of the snl sketches sully and denise originated at the second city |
on august 13 2007 fey made a guest appearance in the sesame street episode the she appeared as a guest judge on the november 25 2007 episode of the food network program iron chef america |
fey has appeared as tinker bell in disney's campaign year of a million dreams she has also done commercials for american express and garnier |
on april 5 2011 fey's autobiography bossypants was released to a positive review from the new york times |
in 2011 fey narrated the secret life of girls a two @@ hour @@ long radio documentary produced by the kitchen sisters she introduced stories of women and girls from around the world and also shared memories of her own girlhood and mother |
in 2012 fey made her rapping debut on the childish gambino ( donald glover ) mixtape royalty glover is a former writer on 30 rock on which he worked with fey fey was also featured as herself in the icarly episode america |
fey is known for her deadpan humor and delivery her sardonic wit has become a trademark of hers upon which several critics have commented in their reviews of fey's work according to los angeles times critic mary mcnamara fey project [ s ] both oblivious security and hyper @@ alert insecurity with the same expression in her performances while the chronicle's dillon fernando wrote that the actress specializes in delectable situational and ironic comedy on fey's comedic prowess saturday night live creator lorne michaels enthused that his former employee has a very clear take on things it always comes from a place of intelligence and there is just an edge to it michaels concluded it's not fearful it's strong and confident and you recognise the voice and most of the time you agree with it writing for the guardian christopher goodwin believes that fey fashioned her comic persona around her glasses which she has worn since 1995 fey joked that glasses make anyone look smarter |
seldom hesitating to use herself as the butt of her own jokes fey is also well known for practicing self @@ deprecating humor as demonstrated throughout her performance as liz lemon in 30 rock in an article ranking fey's six greatest jokes david renshaw of the guardian wrote that the performer's work continues to feature her trademark mix of snark self @@ deprecation and pop @@ culture smarts fey's self @@ deprecating comedic style inspired ashley fetters of the atlantic to recognize her as comedian phyllis diller's successor because of their similar humor critics have been divided in their opinions and discussions of fey's use of self @@ deprecating humor and its effect on women as a female comic while blogger kate harding disapproved of fey's performance in 30 rock because i'm torn between being sad that she apparently doesn't see [ beauty ] in herself and being pissed off that she's reinforcing the idea that having brown hair glasses and a figure that's maybe a size 2 instead of a 0 actually equals ugly jessica g of jezebel defended the actress writing that fey's performance is supposed to be parodying precisely the kinds of media that reinforce ideas that unconventional women are unworthy writing that harding misunderstood fey's intentions the author concluded that her self @@ deprecation is precisely what makes her relatable elaborating that [ women ] have many moments of self @@ doubt and seeing someone as successful as tina fey be self @@ deprecating gives us all permission to be imperfect sophie caldecott of verily defended fey's modesty and tendency to downplay her own physical appearance she mocks her own appearance sure but she does so in a way that consistently shows up our culture for placing so much importance on how women look as if that s the most interesting thing about us her comic persona on 30 rock liz lemon can be laughed at for many things but her career managerial style and ability is not one of them caldecott concluded in reality self @@ deprecation is an art that comedians everywhere dabble in in fact i defy you to find a good male comedian who isn t a master of self @@ deprecation comedians make fun of themselves for many reasons mostly because it is the most readily accessible source of inspiration but also because it is the most generous one observing that fey's material lacks whining gina of the hartford courant wrote that fey's comedy is not simply an iteration of self @@ deprecating femininity passing itself off as humor in itself this demarcates the current generation of female humorists from earlier generations of performers who were told more or less to use themselves not as a sounding board for ideas but as a punching bag for insults |
as an actress fey has developed a reputation for portraying the hilarious self @@ deprecating unmarried career woman in most of her films to @@ date the boston globe's janice paige defended her limited filmography by writing that unlike most film actors fey remains realistic about her range as a leading lady and says she s been deliberate about only taking on parts for which she actually seems suited fey explained that she approaches each role asking herself would i be plausible in this role in this job however her role as kate ellis in 2015's sisters provided fey with an opportunity to stray from playing the type @@ a female characters for which she has become known the new york times film critic a o scott wrote we re used to seeing ms fey as an anxious using her caustic sarcasm as a weapon against both her own insecurities and the flakes and train wrecks who surround her this time she gets to be the train wreck in 30 rock fey's comedic acting was heavily influenced by both physical and improvisational comedy while as a writer her carefully written scripts were often quirky and character @@ driven |
in 2002 fey was ranked in the hot 100 list at number 80 on maxim magazine which used photos taken earlier by rolling stone calling her the thinking man's sex symbol she was named one of people magazine's 50 most beautiful people in 2003 and one of people magazine's 100 most beautiful people in 2007 2008 and 2009 in 2007 fey placed seventh on the hot 100 list on she repeated the appearance the following year being voted as number one on the list |
in 2001 entertainment weekly named fey as one of their entertainers of the year for her work on weekend update in 2007 she was named one of the magazine's entertainers of the year and placed number two in 2008 in 2009 fey was named as entertainment weekly's fifth individual in their 15 entertainers of the 2000s list in 2013 entertainment weekly crowned fey as the once and future queen ( an allusion to the once and future king ) in their feature on women who run tv calling her the funniest woman in the free world ew quoted mindy kaling as saying i always feel unoriginal bringing up tina as my inspiration but she's everyone's inspiration for a reason the column also quoted praise by zooey deschanel and lena dunham |
the newspaper editors and broadcast producers of the associated press voted fey the ap entertainer of the year as the performer who had the greatest impact on culture and entertainment in 2008 citing her impression of sarah palin on snl she has appeared on forbes' annual celebrity 100 list of the 100 most powerful celebrities in 2008 2009 2010 2011 and 2012 at no 99 no 86 no 90 no 92 and no 79 respectively |
in 2007 the new york post included fey in new york's 50 most powerful women ranking her at number 33 fey was among the time 100 a list of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2007 and 2009 as selected annually by time magazine fey's featured article for the 2009 list was written by 30 rock co @@ star alec baldwin she was selected by barbara walters as one of america's 10 most fascinating people of 2008 |
in september 2011 fey was ranked at the top of forbes magazine's list of the highest @@ paid tv actresses |
in june 2010 it was announced fey would receive a star on the hollywood walk of fame in 2011 |
in 2014 fey was recognized by elle magazine during the women in hollywood awards honoring women for their outstanding achievements in film spanning all aspects of the motion picture industry including acting directing and producing |
fey's charity work includes support of autism speaks an organization that sponsors autism research in april 2008 she participated in night of too many stars a comedy benefit show for autism education |
fey is also a supporter of mercy corps a global relief and development organization in their campaign to end world hunger fey narrated a video for mercy corps's action center in new york city describing hunger as a symptom of many wider world problems she also supports the love our children usa organization which fights violence against children who named her among their mothers who make a difference in 2009 she was the 2009 national spokesperson for the light the night walk which benefits the leukemia & lymphoma society |
in 1994 two years after fey joined chicago's second city improvisational theatre troupe she began dating jeff richmond a piano player who later became second city's musical director and then a composer on 30 rock they married in a greek orthodox ceremony on june 3 2001 they have two daughters alice zenobia richmond ( born september 10 2005 ) and penelope athena richmond ( born august 10 2011 ) in april 2009 fey and richmond purchased a us $ 3 @@ 4 million apartment on the upper west side in new york city |
fey has a scar a few inches long on the left side of her chin and cheek the cause of which remained unexplained to the public until a 2008 vanity fair profile by maureen dowd and subsequently in her autobiographical book where she revealed that during the spring semester of kindergarten i was slashed in the face by a stranger in the alley behind my house |
wasp @@ 44 is a g @@ type star in constellation cetus that has the jupiter @@ size planet wasp @@ 44b in orbit the star is slightly less massive and slightly smaller than the sun it is also slightly cooler but is more metal @@ rich the star was observed by superwasp an organization in search of planets starting in 2009 manual follow @@ up observations used wasp @@ 44's spectrum and measurements of its radial velocity led to the discovery of the transiting planet wasp @@ 44b the planet and its star were presented along with wasp @@ and wasp @@ 46b on may 17 2011 by a team of scientists testing the idea that hot jupiters tend to have circular orbits an assumption that is made when the orbital eccentricity of such planets are not well @@ constrained |
wasp @@ 44 was observed between july and november 2009 by the wasp @@ south a station of the superwasp planet @@ searching program based at the south african astronomical observatory observations of the star revealed a periodic decrease in its brightness wasp @@ south along with the superwasp @@ north station at the roque de los muchachos observatory on the canary islands collected 15 @@ 755 photometric observations allowing scientists to produce a more accurate light curve another set of observations yielded a 6 @@ 000 point photometric data set but the light curve was prepared late and was not considered in the discovery paper |
in 2010 a european science team investigated the star using the coralie spectrograph and collected seventeen spectra of wasp @@ 44 from the spectra radial velocity measurements were extrapolated analysis of collected coralie data ruled out the possibility that the detected radial velocity was caused by the blended spectrum of a spectroscopic binary star supporting the possibility that the body orbiting wasp @@ 44 was indeed a planet designated wasp @@ 44b |
the leonhard euler telescope at la silla observatory in chile was used to follow up on the discovery circling wasp @@ 44 searching for a point at which the planet transited or crossed in front of its host star one transit was detected |
wasp @@ 44 its recently discovered planet the planets orbiting wasp @@ 45 and wasp @@ 46 and a discussion exploring the validity of the common assumption amongst scientists that closely orbiting hot jupiter planets have highly circular orbits unless proven otherwise were reported in a single discovery paper that was published on may 17 2011 by the royal astronomical society the paper was submitted to the monthly notices of the royal astronomical society on may 16 2011 |
wasp @@ 44 is a g @@ type star ( the same class of star as the sun ) that is located in the cetus constellation wasp @@ 44 has a mass that is 0 @@ 951 times that of the sun in terms of size wasp @@ 44 has a radius that is 0 @@ 927 times that of the sun wasp @@ 44 has an effective temperature of 5410 k cooler than the sun however the star is metal @@ rich with relation to the sun its measured metallicity is [ fe / h ] = 0 @@ 06 or 1 @@ 148 times that the amount of iron found in the sun wasp @@ 44's chromosphere ( outermost layer ) is not active the star also does not rotate at a high velocity |
the star has an apparent magnitude of 12 @@ 9 it cannot be seen from earth with the naked eye |
there is one known planet in the orbit of wasp @@ 44 wasp @@ 44b the planet is a hot jupiter with a mass of 0 @@ 889 jupiters its radius is 1 @@ 14 times that of jupiter wasp @@ 44b orbits its host star every 2 @@ days at a distance 0 @@ au approximately 3 @@ 47 the mean distance between the earth and sun with an orbital inclination of wasp @@ 44b has an orbit that exists almost edge @@ on to its host star with respect to earth @@ 44b's orbital eccentricity is fit to 0 @@ 036 indicating a mostly circular orbit |
elephanta caves are a network of sculpted caves located on elephanta island or gharapuri ( literally the city of caves ) in mumbai harbour 10 kilometres ( 6 @@ 2 mi ) to the east of the city of mumbai in the indian state of maharashtra the island located on an arm of the arabian sea consists of two groups of caves the first is a large group of five hindu caves the second a smaller group of two buddhist caves the hindu caves contain rock cut stone sculptures representing the shaiva hindu sect dedicated to the lord shiva |
the rock cut architecture of the caves has been dated to between the 5th and 8th centuries although the identity of the original builders is still a subject of debate the caves are hewn from solid basalt rock all the caves were also originally painted in the past but now only traces remain |
the main cave ( cave 1 or the great cave ) was a hindu place of worship until portuguese rule began in 1534 after which the caves suffered severe damage this cave was renovated in the 1970s after years of neglect and was designated a unesco world heritage site in 1987 to preserve the artwork it is currently maintained by the archaeological survey of india ( asi ) |
elephanta island or gharapuri is about 11 km ( 6 @@ 8 mi ) east of the apollo bunder ( bunder in marathi means a pier for embarkation and disembarkation of passengers and goods ) on the mumbai harbour and 10 km ( 6 @@ 2 mi ) south of pir pal in trombay the island covers about 10 km2 ( 3 @@ 9 sq mi ) at high tide and about 16 km2 ( 6 @@ 2 sq mi ) at low tide gharapuri is small village on the south side of the island the elephanta caves can be reached by a ferry from the gateway of india mumbai which has the nearest airport and train station the cave is closed on monday |
the island is 2 @@ 4 km ( 1 @@ 5 mi ) in length with two hills that rise to a height of about 150 m ( 490 ft ) a deep ravine cuts through the heart of the island from north to south on the west the hill rises gently from the sea and stretches east across the ravine and rises gradually to the extreme east to a height of 173 m ( 568 ft ) this hill is known as the stupa hill forest growth with clusters of mango tamarind and trees cover the hills with scattered palm trees rice fields are seen in the valley the fore shore is made up of sand and mud with mangrove bushes on the fringe landing quays sit near three small hamlets known as set bunder in the north @@ west mora bunder in the northeast and gharapuri or raj bunder in the south |
the two hills of the island the western and the eastern have five rock @@ cut caves in the western part and a brick stupa on the eastern hill on its top composed of two caves with a few rock @@ cut cisterns one of the caves on the eastern hill is unfinished it is a protected island with a buffer zone according to a notification issued in 1985 which also includes a prohibited area that stretches 1 kilometre ( 0 @@ 62 mi ) from the shoreline |
since no inscriptions on any of the island have been discovered the ancient history of the island is conjectural at best pandavas the heroes of the hindu epic mahabharata and banasura the demon devotee of shiva are both credited with building temples or cut caves to live local tradition holds that the caves are not man @@ made |
the elephanta caves are of unknown date and attribution art historians have dated the caves in the range of late 5th to late 8th century ad archaeological excavations have unearthed a few coins dated to 4th century ad the known history is traced only to the defeat of mauryan rulers of konkan by the badami chalukyas emperor pulakesi ii ( 609 642 ) in a naval battle in 635 ad elephanta was then called puri or and served as the capital of the konkan mauryas some historians attribute the caves to the konkan mauryas dating them to the mid @@ 6th century though others refute this claim saying a relatively small kingdom like the konkan mauryas could not undertake an almost superhuman excavation effort which was needed to carve the rock temples from solid rock and could not have the skilled labor to produce such high quality sculpture |
some other historians attribute the construction to the kalachuris ( late 5th to 6th century ) who may have had a feudal relationship with the konkan mauryas in an era where polytheism was prevalent the elephanta main cave dedicates the monotheism of the pashupata shaivism sect a sect to which kalachuris as well as konkan mauryas belonged |
the chalukyas who defeated the kalachuris as well as the konkan mauryas are also believed by some to be creators of the main cave in the mid @@ 7th century the rashtrakutas are the last claimants to the creation of the main cave approximated to the early 7th to late 8th century the elephanta shiva cave resembles in some aspects the 8th @@ century rashtrakuta rock @@ temple kailash at ellora the trimurti of elephanta showing the three faces of shiva is akin to the trimurti of brahma vishnu and mahesh ( shiva ) which was the royal insignia of the rashtrakutas the nataraja and ardhanarishvara sculptures are also attributed to the rashtrakutas |
later elephanta was ruled by another chalukyan dynasty and then by gujarat sultanate who surrendered it to the portuguese in 1534 by then elephanta was called gharapuri which denotes a hill settlement the name is still used in the local marathi language the portuguese named the island elephanta island in honour of a huge rock @@ cut black stone statue of an elephant that was then installed on a mound a short distance east of gharapuri village the elephant now sits in the zoo in mumbai |
portuguese rule saw a decline in the hindu population on the island and the abandonment of the shiva cave ( main cave ) as a regular hindu place of worship though worship on the festival of shiva continued and still does the portuguese did considerable damage to the sanctuaries portuguese soldiers used the reliefs of shiva in the main cave for target practice sparing only the trimurti sculpture they also removed an inscription related to the creation of the caves while some historians solely blame the portuguese for the destruction of the caves others also cite water @@ logging and dripping rainwater as additional damaging factors the portuguese left in 1661 as per the marriage treaty of charles ii of england and catherine of braganza daughter of king john iv of portugal this marriage shifted possession of the islands to the british empire as part of catherine's dowry to charles |
though the main cave was restored in the 1970s other caves including three consisting of important sculptures are still badly damaged the caves were designated a unesco world heritage site in 1987 as per the cultural criteria of unesco the caves represent a masterpiece of human creative genius and bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilisation which is living or which has disappeared |
the island has two groups of caves in the rock @@ cut architectural style the caves are hewn from solid basalt rock all caves were painted in the past but only traces remain the larger group of caves which consists of five caves on the western hill of the island is well known for its hindu sculptures the primary cave numbered as cave 1 is about 1 @@ 5 km ( 0 @@ 93 mi ) up a hillside facing the ocean it is a rock @@ cut temple complex that covers an area of 5 @@ 600 m2 ( 60 @@ 000 sq ft ) and consists of a main chamber two lateral chambers courtyards and subsidiary shrines it is 39 metres ( 128 ft ) deep from the front entrance to the back the temple complex is the abode of shiva depicted in widely celebrated carvings which reveal his several forms and acts |
on the eastern part of the island on the stupa hill there is a small group of caves that house buddhist monuments this hill is named after the religious stupa monument that they display one of the two caves is incomplete while the other contains a stupa made in brick |
the main cave also called the shiva cave cave 1 or the great cave is 27 metres ( 89 ft ) square in plan with a hall ( mandapa ) at the entrance are four doors with three open porticoes and an aisle at the back pillars six in each row divide the hall into a series of smaller chambers the roof of the hall has concealed beams supported by stone columns joined together by capitals the cave entrance is aligned with the north south axis unusual for a shiva shrine ( normally east west ) the northern entrance to the cave which has 1 @@ 000 steep steps is flanked by two panels of shiva dated to the gupta period the left panel depicts yogishvara ( the lord of yoga ) and the right shows nataraja ( shiva as the lord of dance ) the central shiva shrine ( see 16 in plan below ) is a free @@ standing square cell with four entrances located in the right section of the main hall smaller shrines are located at the east and west ends of the caves the eastern sanctuary serves as a ceremonial entrance |
each wall has large carvings of shiva each more than 5 metres ( 16 ft ) in height the central shiva relief trimurti is located on the south wall and is flanked by ( a half @@ man half @@ woman representation of shiva ) on its left and gangadhara to its right which denotes the river ganges' descent from shiva's matted locks other carvings related to the legend of shiva are also seen in the main hall at strategic locations in exclusive cubicles these include depicting shiva's marriage to the goddess parvati or the slaying of the demon andhaka by shiva shiva @@ parvati on mount kailash ( the abode of shiva ) and depicting the demon @@ king ravana shaking kailash |
the main cave blends chalukyan architectural features such as massive figures of the divinities guardians and square pillars with custom capitals with gupta artistic characteristics like the depiction of mountains and clouds and female hairstyles |
layout |
the carving on the south wall to the east of the portico depicts shiva and parvati seated on their abode mount kailash the four @@ armed shiva is seen with a crown and a disc behind it ( all damaged ) the sacred thread across his chest and a dressing gown covering up to the knee parvati dressed in her finery with her hair falling to the front looks away behind her at the right is a woman attendant holding the child identified with her son kartikeya the war @@ god many male and female attendants are seen behind the main figures shiva's attendant the skeleton @@ like bhringi is seated at his feet other figures not distinct depict among others a royal @@ looking tall person ascetics a fat figure a dwarf a bull ( the mount of shiva ) features of a garuda and two monkeys the scenic beauty of the mountain is sculpted with the sky background amidst heavenly beings showering flowers on shiva @@ parvati this scene is interpreted as a gambling scene where parvati is angry as shiva cheats in a game of dice |
the carved panel facing this one is a two @@ level depiction of ravana lifting kailash the upper scene is mount kailash where shiva and parvati are seated the eight @@ armed three @@ eyed shiva wears headgear with a crescent and disc behind it most of his arms are broken two of them resting on attendants' heads the parvati figure seated facing shiva remains only as a trunk the panel is flanked by door keepers attendants of shiva are also seen in the relief but mostly in a damaged state bhringi is seated near shiva's feet and to his left is the elephant @@ headed son of shiva ganesha in this ensemble the ten @@ headed demon @@ king ravana is seen with only one head left unscathed and out of his twenty arms only a few are discernible around ravana are several demons numerous figures are seen above shiva the god vishnu riding his mount garuda to his left a skeleton @@ figure and in a recess parvati's mount a tiger is depicted |
a legend relates to both these panels once parvati was annoyed with shiva at this moment ravana who was passing by mount kailash found it as an obstruction to his movement upset ravana shook it vigorously and as a result parvati got scared and hugged shiva enraged by ravana's arrogance shiva stamped down on ravana who sang praises of shiva to free him of his misery and turned into an ardent devotee of shiva another version states that shiva was pleased with ravana for restoring parvati's composure and blessed him |
described as a masterpiece of gupta @@ chalukyan art the most important sculpture in the caves is the trimurti carved in relief at the back of the cave facing the entrance on the north @@ south axis it is also known as trimurti sadashiva and the image 6 m ( 20 ft ) in height depicts a three @@ headed shiva representing shiva the three heads are said to represent three essential aspects of shiva creation protection and destruction the right half @@ face ( west face ) shows him as a young person with sensuous lips embodying life and its vitality in his hand he holds an object resembling a rosebud depicting the promise of life and creativity this face is closest to that of brahma the creator or uma or the feminine side of shiva and creator of joy and beauty the left half @@ face ( east face ) is that of a moustached young man displaying anger this is shiva as the terrifying or bhairava the one whose anger can engulf the entire world in flames leaving only ashes behind this is also known as rudra @@ shiva the destroyer the central face benign and meditative resembles the preserver vishnu this is master of positive and negative principles of existence and preserver of their harmony or shiva as the yogi in deep meditation praying for the preservation of humanity the aspects and ( not carved ) faces are considered to be at the back and top of the sculpture the trimurti sculpture with the gateway of india in the background has been adopted as the logo of the maharashtra tourism department ( ) |
the gangadhara image to the right of the trimurti is an ensemble of divinities assembled around the central figures of shiva and parvati the former bearing the river ganges as she descends from heaven the carving is 4 m ( 13 ft ) wide and 5 @@ 207 m ( 17 @@ 08 ft ) high the image is highly damaged particularly the lower half of shiva seen seated with parvati who is shown with four arms two of which are broken from the crown a cup with a triple @@ headed female figure ( with broken arms ) representing the three sacred rivers ganges yamuna and sarasvati is depicted shiva is sculpted and bedecked with ornaments the arms hold a coiling serpent whose hood is seen above his left shoulder another hand ( partly broken ) gives the semblance of shiva hugging parvati with a head of matted hair there is a small snake on the right hand and a tortoise close to the neck with a bundle tied to the back an ornamented drapery covers his lower torso below the waist parvati is carved to the left of shiva with a coiffured hair dress fully bedecked with ornaments and jewellery also fully draped with her right hand touching the head of a female attendant who carries parvati's dress case the gods brahma and indra with their mystic regalia and mounts are shown to the right of shiva vishnu riding his mount garuda is shown to the left of parvati many other details are defaced but a kneeling figure in the front is inferred to be the king who ordered the image to be carved there are many divinities and attendant females at the back the whole setting is under the sky and cloud scenes with men and women all dressed shown showering flowers on the deities |
in the chamber to the east of the trimurti is the four @@ armed ardhanarishvara carving this image which is 5 @@ 11 m ( 16 @@ 8 ft ) in height has a headdress ( double @@ folded ) with two pleats draped towards the female head ( parvati ) and the right side ( shiva ) depicting curled hair and a crescent the female figure has all the ornamentation ( broad armlets and long bracelets a large ring in the ear jewelled rings on the fingers ) but the right male figure has drooping hair armlets and wristlets one of his hands rests on nandi s left horn shiva's mount which is fairly well preserved the pair of hands at the back is also bejewelled the right hand of the male holds a serpent while the left hand of the female holds a mirror the front left hand is broken but conjectured as holding the robe of the goddess the central figure is surrounded by divinities |
the engraved panel in the north end of the aisle is considered to be a unique sculpture and shows bhairava or virabhadra a frightful form of shiva in the carved panel shiva's consort is seen sitting next to him looking terrified a female attendant is next to her the central figure which is much ruined below the waist is 3 @@ 5 m ( 11 ft ) high and posed as if running his headgear has a ruff on the back a skull and cobra over the forehead and the crescent high on the right his facial expression is of intense anger discerned from his furrowed brow swollen eyes and tusks the legs and five of the eight arms are broken attributed to portuguese vandalism the smaller broken image andhaka is seen below bhairava's image it is interpreted that shiva is spearing him with the front right hand as conjectured by the spear seen hanging without any hold also seen is the back hand lifted up and holding an elephant's skin as a cover the elephant's head carved tusk and trunk are seen hanging from the left hand the second left hand depicts a snake coiled round it the hand holds a bowl to collect the blood dripping from the slain andhaka furthermore pieces of a male and two female forms figures of two ascetics a small figure in front a female figure and two dwarfs are also seen in the carved panel an unusual sculpture seen above the head of the main figure of shiva is of a very wide bottle with a curved groove in the middle of it which can interpreted variously as the or the linga or a shiva shrine |
the niche image carved on the south wall is an ensemble of divinities assembled around the central figures of shiva and parvati shown getting married ( kalyanasundara icon ) parvati is seen standing to shiva's right the ordained place for a hindu bride at the wedding the carvings are substantially damaged only one of shiva's four hands is fully seen and the right leg is missing shiva has a headdress with a shining disc attached to it his garments are well @@ draped and well @@ tied at the waist the sacred thread is seen across his chest parvati is carved as a perfect figure with coiffured hair dress well adorned with jewellery and is draped tightly to display depressions below the waist only she is seen with a coy expression and is led by her father who has his right hand on her shoulder even though both her hands are damaged it is inferred that her left hand clasped shiva's right hand as a mark of holy alliance brahma is sitting as the officiating priest for the marriage vishnu is witness to the marriage mena the mother of parvati is seen standing next to vishnu the moon @@ god chandra seen with a wig and a crescent is standing behind parvati holding a circular pot with nectar for the marriage ceremony just above the main images a galaxy of divinities bearded sages apsaras ( nymphs ) vidyadharas gandharvas bhringi and other male and female attendants are seen as witness to the marriage ceremony showering flowers on the divine couple |
the panel to the east of the north portico is shiva in a yogic position called dharmaraja and resembling a buddha shiva is in a dilapidated condition with only two broken arms shiva is seated in padmasana yogic posture ( cross legged ) on a lotus carried by two nāgas his crown is carved with details adorned by a crescent a round frill at the back and hair curls dropping on either side of the shoulders his face is calm in mediation his eyes half @@ closed this represents shiva in penance sitting amidst the himalayan mountains after the death of his first wife sati who was later reborn as parvati he is surrounded by divinities in the sky and attendants below also seen is a plantain with three leaves already open and one opening as well as a sunflower blossom these are flanked by two attendants other figures discerned from a study of the broken images are vishnu riding garuda on a plantain leaf the sun @@ god surya riding a fully saddled horse ( head missing ) a saint with a rosary two female figures in the sky draped up to their thighs a faceless figure of the moon with a water container three identical figures of a male flanked by two females the skeleton of a sage brahma ( without one arm ) riding a swan and indra without his mount ( elephant missing ) |
the panel carving in the west niche opposite yogishvara depicts shiva as nataraja performing the tandava ( cosmic dance ) the niche is 4 m ( 13 ft ) wide and 3 @@ 4 m ( 11 ft ) high and set low on the wall he wears well @@ decorated headgear the shiva image displays a dance pose and had ten arms but the first right and third left hands are missing the remaining first right arm is held across the breast and touches the left side the second right hand that is seen damaged with an out @@ flaying pose is broken at the elbow the third arm is damaged at the elbow and the fourth is also broken but inferred to have held a ( skull @@ club ) the left arms seen hanging are damaged near the wrists the third hand is bent ( but broken ) towards parvati standing on the side and the fourth hand is raised up the right thigh ( broken ) is lifted up and the left leg is not seen at all the elaborate armlets are well @@ preserved and a skirt round the waist is tied by a ribbon a tall figurine of parvati stands to the left of shiva which is also seen partly broken but well bejewelled an airborne female figure is seen behind parvati other figures seen in the relief are vishnu riding a garuda indra riding his elephant the elephant @@ headed ganesha kartikeya sages and attendants |
the central shrine is a free @@ standing square cell with entrances on each of its sides each door is flanked by two ( gate keepers ) the linga the symbol of shiva in union with the yoni and the symbol of parvati together symbolise the supreme unity that is deified by the shrine the linga is set on a raised platform above the floor of the shrine by 1 @@ 8 m ( 5 ft 11 in ) six steps lead to this level from the floor level the height of the eight varies from 4 @@ 521 4 @@ 623 m ( 14 @@ 83 15 @@ 17 ft ) all are in a damaged condition except those at the southern door to the shrine the southern gate statue has many unusual features unusual headgear a large skull above the forehead lips parted with protruding teeth statues adorned with a single bead necklace earrings plain twisted armlets and thick wristlets a stooped right shoulder a globe held at navel level the robe is held at the right thigh by the left hand and the legs are shapeless |
several courtyards to the east and west of the main cave are blocked though there is a 17 m ( 56 ft ) wide courtyard that is accessible by entering the eastern part and climbing nine steps a temple on the southern wall of the court depicts a well @@ preserved fresco the circular pedestal seen in the courtyard in front of the shiva's shrine near the east end in the open area is said to be the seat of nandi shiva's mount |
on each side of the steps leading to the temple @@ cave portico is a winged lion or each seated with a raised forepaw the portico has chambers at each end and a linga @@ shrine at the back five low steps and a threshold lead into the central linga @@ shrine which is 4 @@ 2 m ( 14 ft ) wide and 5 m ( 16 ft ) deep and has a circumambulatory path ( pradakshina @@ path ) around it at the back of the portico near the east end is a gigantic statue of a four @@ armed doorkeeper with two attendant demons at the north end is a standing figure holding a trident his left hand rests on a defaced demon @@ figure the west wall depicts the ashta @@ matrikas ( eight mother goddesses ) flanked by kartikeya and ganesha the sons of shiva some of matrikas are depicted with children but all of them are shown by their respective mounts ( bull swan peacock a garuda etc ) which identify them at the east end of the portico is another chapel with a plain interior and sunken floor water drips in this chapel |
the west wing entered through the main cave is in a semi @@ ruined state it has a small chapel and a cistern enclosed within the pillared cave which is believed to be buddhist another shrine to the west of the courtyard with a portico has carvings of shiva in a yogic pose seated on a lotus carried by two fat heavy wigged figures this carving also depicts a three @@ faced bearded and several other figurines entering through the back door of the portico is a cave enshrined with a multifaceted shiva linga erected over roughly hewn at the door entrance on both flanks statues of gatekeepers standing over demons and two fat poised figures are seen on the southern side of the door is an ensemble of a number of statues prominent among these is the shiva carving which is depicted with six arms and the third eye in the forehead though in a partly ruined state the carving shows shiva with an ornamented crown fixed with a crescent seen carrying a cobra in the left hand a club in another hand and discerned to be in a dancing pose next to this image are a figure under a plantain tree and a shiva image ( yogishvara ) seated on a lotus also seen in the panel are a male figure riding a bull with a bell fastened to its neck a female figure and another carving to left of shiva a female figure with a jewel on her forehead with neatly looped headdress indra riding an elephant vishnu with four arms holding a discus in one of his left hands and riding on garuda flanked by a small flying figure and a male figure with crescent in his hair |
to the south @@ east of the great cave is the second excavation which faces east @@ northeast it includes a chapel at the north end the front of this cave is completely destroyed only fragments of some semi @@ columns remain the interior has suffered water damage the portico is 26 m ( 85 ft ) long and 11 m ( 36 ft ) deep the chapel is supported by eight eight @@ cornered columns and two demi @@ columns and is irregular in shape at the back of the portico are three chambers the central one has an altar and a water channel ( ) though the linga is lost the shrine door has some traces of sculpture ( a boy a fat figure alligators on the frieze and broken animal figures at the head of a doorjamb ) the door @@ keepers of the shrine are now in fragments |
a little to the south of the last cave is another cave in worse condition with water damage it is a portico in which each end probably had a chapel or room with pillars in front two of them have cells at the back the central door at the back of the portico leads to a damaged shrine the shrine door has door @@ keepers at each side leaning on dwarfs with flying figures over the head with door @@ keepers and demons on the jamb and architrave the shrine is a plain room 6 m ( 20 ft ) deep by 5 @@ 7 m ( 19 ft ) wide with a low altar holding a linga south of this cave is a cavern that may be used as a cistern |
above these caves is a tiger sculpture which was worshipped as the tiger goddess this sculpture may be a guardian of the north entrance of cave 1 a linga is also found near a small pond at top of the hill sculptures depicting a stone with a sun and a moon and a mother suckling a child ( now moved ) were also found nearby |