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4 Dead In North Texas Wrong-Way Crash UPDATED: 04/10/2016, 10:30 PM April 10, 2016 at 3:46 pm Filed Under:Argyle, crash, denton, nissan, Road, Speed, Volvo ARGYLE (CBSDFW.COM) — Four people have died in a wrong-way crash on Highway 377 in Argyle about 30 miles north of Fort Worth. Denton police said that Saturday evening a Nissan traveling southbound near Argyle crossed into a northbound lane and crashed head-on into a Volvo. Police said the woman driving the Nissan and a young passenger in the Volvo died at the scene. A child from the Nissan and the female driver of the Volvo were taken to hospitals where they later died. Two crash victims were later identified by friends as Emma Shaffer and her daughter, Tita. The crash happened just down the road from Liberty Christian School in Argyle where the sixth grader went to school. “She’s one of those moms that was at everything — and her daughter was made in her image for sure,” said Liberty Christian School Pastor, Chris Searcy. The school’s page shared a tribute post Sunday afternoon that they were mourning the loss of Shaffer and Tita. A vigil was held Sunday evening where friends and family lit candles in memory of the mother and daughter. “I’m going to miss the most, her smile, and how’d she’s always be there for you… and she’d just walk in and you’d feel loved by her and her mom,” said friend Hailey Coon. The identities of the other two victims were not released at the time of this report. Police said neither alcohol nor high speed is believed to have been a factor in the crash. The cause of the crash is still under investigation.

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Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairies: How prescription-only keeps doctors healthy and wealthy but not wise September, 24, 2012 | 2 Comments This is the fourth in the Dance series tackling the crisis in healthcare. Previous parts were Dancing as fast as we can, Dance to the Music of Time and Dancing In The Dark. In 1962, politicians attempting to put things right in the pharmaceutical sector accidentally created the perfect raw material for drug development, and the basis to transform this raw material into the perfect product. But to complete the perfect market needs one extra element – a perfect consumer. By continuing an innovation put in place in 1951, the prescription-only status for all new drugs, the 1962 regulations did just this. Prescriptions were for addicts Initially prescription-only status was a police function introduced in 1914 for drugs of abuse. It was extended to all new drugs in 1951 because these new and effective drugs were thought likely to come with significant risks and doctors as a body would be skeptical of the benefits of new drugs and cautious using them. It was also thought they would be able to quarry the appropriate information out of drug companies about medicines, or otherwise generate the appropriate information to make the use of these unavoidably risky drugs as safe as possible. From 1951 to 1962, the idea of making new drugs available on prescription only was hotly contested – was it appropriate to treat the citizens of a free country as though they were addicts? The thrust of regulation up to 1962 had been focused on the accuracy of the labeling of over-the-counter drugs. Regulating prescription only compounds broke new ground in 1962, and it is not clear that anyone knew what the likely consequences might be. Nowhere else in the regulatory arena have regulators attempt to constrain the use of products that are sold to a professional body only. It is clear that in 1962, Congress had no wish to regulate the practice of medicine, but prescription-only status has made this unavoidable. The intrusion of “government” into clinical practice has extended from the thin end of this wedge. It is now common to find administrators who know nothing about medical practice dictating to doctors what the content of clinical encounters must be. Regulators claim all they are doing is regulating the wording used by pharmaceutical companies that may be misleading to consumers, just as they have done since 1906. But in this case the consumers are doctors and the regulator is undertaking to all but guarantee wording about the compound, written by pharmaceutical companies. Where in fact there is advertising, doctors see authoritative scientific statements. Before the 1962 regulations were passed, Senator Kefauver noted that prescription only status created a unique market: “He who buys does not order and he who orders does not buy”. The fact that thalidomide had been available over the counter in Germany where its hazards came to light may have influenced the decision making process and allayed concerns about prescription only arrangements. No-one considered the possibility that the risks of thalidomide had come to light precisely because the drug had been over the counter, and doctors had no incentive to hide the risks of over-the-counter drugs. The only good disease is a medicated disease Linked to the prescription-only status of drugs and the development of controlled trials the regulations also encouraged pharmaceutical companies to develop medicines for disease indications. As ever the thrust of regulation was to enhance safety, and one of the apparent ways to do this was to restrict the use of medicines to conditions that in themselves posed a greater risk than the risk stemming from the chemicals used to treat them so that there would be a favorable risk benefit ratio. What was not anticipated was that if pharmaceutical companies were restricted to selling medicines for diseases only, one option for them was to begin to convert what had been a series of vicissitudes of everyday life and normal variation in terms of beauty and functionality into a set of diseases. We could all be made diseased and indeed there was no reason why we couldn’t all be given several different diseases. And so we have all become depressed, osteoporotic and have hyperlipidemia (hypercholesterolemia) where otherwise we might have had burn-out, aging bones that could be managed by exercise, and a diet-related issue that is only significant against a background of more important cardiac risk factors. We are all about to get a rash of auto-immune disorders we never knew we had, as back-aches become ankylosing spondilitis, and depression becomes an inflammatory disorder. For companies an unexpected benefit of this restriction was that they had to learn to speak the language of doctors – diseases. They have learnt to do this to an extent that medicine fails to appreciate. A huge range of vicissitudes have been transformed into illnesses, acute illnesses have become chronic and the moral imperative to treat that is brought to conditions like tuberculosis has been co-opted to the sales of almost any pharmaceutical product for indications no matter how trivial. Where patients might be wary of taking chemicals, they are increasingly faced with doctors attempting to persuade them that this chemical will correct some abnormality and that they are almost duty bound to take it. Third-party buying Kefauver recognized the risks inherent in third party buying arrangements. These are well-recognized and form a major part of conservative arguments against government involvement in areas such as healthcare. The market will simply not work efficiently if the person ordering doesn’t also buy and benefit from or suffer the consequences of their purchase. If this is not the case, at the very least those doing the buying should be trained in the hazards of what they are doing. In 1962, it was clear there were risks in such an arrangement even though the third party was seen as an independent professional who most people thought would be working on behalf of their patient, almost to the extent that a pilot flying a plane works on behalf of those entrusted to her care. Since 1962, professional discretion has been all but outlawed and doctors prescribing choices are dictated to them not by market pressure but by a system that mandates the use of the latest and most expensive on-patent medicines, the medicines on which there is the least data as regards safety. Doctors may be the only significant group of buyers who are not trained in the pitfalls of buying for a third party. Their background means that they do not even realize that they are not trained in an area of huge consequence for them and their patients. Recent estimates suggest that companies spend over $50,000 per annum per doctors marketing to doctors. This figure could likely be greatly increased if the cost of “scientific” articles were also included in the mix. Doctors in other words are subject to a greater concentration of marketing power than any other group of people on earth. But, just as they know nothing about buying for a third party, so also no doctors are trained to recognize the way companies market to them. Let’s play doctors and nurses Both doctors and patients fail to realize that doctors are the consumers of medicines and that they consume by putting pills in patients mouths. In so doing they consume without consequences or side effects. Companies fully appreciate this and exploit it. If the patient has a problem, company marketing ensures doctors will have to hand a great deal of evidence suggesting that any problems are part of the patient’s illness rather than a consequence of treatment. Evidence based medicine is deployed to relegate any reports of difficulties from doctors or patients to the status of anecdotes. Companies also work closely on the psychology of individual doctors, categorizing them in terms of whether they are likely to innovate with medicines, want to adhere to guidelines, or merge with the crowd. The approach to each doctor takes this categorization into account. Doctors rarely if ever know how they are profiled, and rarely if ever realize that the adverts and gimmicks and presentations they dismiss are aimed at others not them, and are indeed working on them in so far as they give doctors the impression that they disregard company promotional efforts. But whatever the orientation of the doctor there is another set of pitches designed for him or her that he is likely inhaling with the air he breathes. Finally, doctors appear to be more susceptible to the effects of branding than even teenagers faced with choice of designer outfits. This happens because the development of branding feeds into the most powerful bias in medicine. Brands unlike drugs come free of side effects. The temptation for a doctor is to go with the brand, because no-one wants to give a patient something that might injure them. But this is a form of thinking that reduces doctors to playing at doctors and nurses rather than engaging in medicine. There is some token resistance to using the brand name of drugs in academic articles, but medical textbooks quickly incorporate brands such as SSRIs, statins, and quite meaningless designations such as atypical antipsychotics. More to the point, where academic meetings in the 1950s and 1960s routinely featured symposia on the hazards of using certain drug groups, it would now be as rare as finding snow in the Sahara to find a symposium at an academic meeting today about the hazards of treatment unless the symposium was sponsored by the makers of a competing product. Quite aside from transforming doctors into the perfect consumer in this sense, in 1962 it was not appreciated how much a mechanism designed to improve safety might in fact do just the opposite by transforming clinical encounters into hostage situations. Making drugs available on prescription only means that patients have nowhere else to go to get a medicine they need or think they need. They effectively become a hostage rather than a patient and risk the development of Stockholm syndrome. In 1962 Stockholm syndrome had not yet been described. It is now known that people whose lives are at risk and who are isolated (anyone with an illness), when held hostage by kind captors concerned about their welfare (as doctors are increasingly trained to be) are highly likely to identify with their captors and want to keep them happy. In these circumstances, especially when the patient finds their condition worsening, it becomes very difficult to raise the possibility that what the doctor has done in good faith to help might in fact be causing problems. It seems more and more likely that the safety consequences of turning patients into hostages outweigh the risks inherent in the drugs that doctors prescribe. The evidence that treatment induced adverse events have now become a leading source of death and disability point just this way. Meanwhile there is not a medical course on earth that trains doctors to recognize their capacity to induce Stockholm syndrome. Untrained, unaware but not unremunerated Someday soon your doctor is likely to suggest Humira for your backache or Enbrel for your ‘nerves’ – or some succeeding biologic drug. Drugs that have triple the reporting rate of serious side effects of antidepressants and antipsychotics. Your doctor will come up with this idea, unaware as to where it came from. He will likely be pleased with the idea of trying something new and he won’t be aware of any discomfort on treatment. You won’t report anything to disturb his equanimity. He might think it prudent to withhold information about cancer and serious infection rates on these drugs in your interest, unaware that “There is simply no constitutional basis for recognition of a right on the part of physicians to control patient access to information concerning the possible side effects of prescription drugs” (1). He will think he has a right to withhold this information from you and a God-given right to prescription privileges that bring with them annual remuneration rates of several hundred thousand dollars per year. He is the best possible partner any drug company could have, and ideal consumer rolled into one. See also Professional Suicide, Professional Suicide: the Clancy Case, Model Doctors, Pla(u)to: the car that pharma built, So Long and Thanks for all the Fish 1. Greene J, Siegel Watkins E (2012). Prescribed. p 111. Cite from a ruling in February 1980, by US District Court in Delaware, Johns Hopkins U Press, Baltimore. Stockholm syndrome is not just about captors making friends with their captives. Stockholm syndrome is something I totally relate to. The kindly, young, South African psychiatrist who gives me a pill called Seroxat with enthusiastic zeal. It will help me out of all my problems. The Indian doctor who sent me to him in the first place; due to his religion or something, he could not deal with a lady’s situational crisis and unhappiness. The Scottish lady gp, who had not a clue what she was doing, when she decided to put a revolver to my head, by not taking psychiatrist’s advice. So, all these kindly people leave me ‘The English Patient’ nearly dead and go on their merry way to do what they did to me, to more folk. Stockholm syndrome gets nasty when the patient fights back and complains; they get all uppity and defensive and pretty nasty. So, all in all, I had three nations putting me assunder and what developed from pure Stockholm Syndrome and then what developed from these three captors, nearly made me lose the plot. However, I have not lost the plot, so Stockholm Syndrome is a pretty crucial piece of knowledge that I would suggest we all get our heads’ around. Thank you, David, for describing Stockholm Syndrome. May it help you all. Rossa Forbes says: Great post. I’m bookmarking it for future reference on my blog. I believe in earlier articles you have written (not for your blog) you connected the evolution of the prescription drug market in the United States to the emptying of psychiatric hospital beds that gathered steam in the 60s and 70s. I’m still fuzzy on the direct link between doctors prescribing and beds emptying. Can you expand on this?

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Candace M. Moore Associate Clinical Professor Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education cmmoore@umd.edu 3214 Benjamin Building Candace M. Moore, Ph.D., Assistant Clinical Professor in the Higher Education, Student Affairs, International Education Policy (HESI) program and Director of the Center for Diversity and Inclusion in Higher Education (CDIHE) within the Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education (CHSE) in the College of Education at the University of Maryland, College Park. Her pronouns are she/her/hers. She earned her Ph.D. in Counseling and Student Personnel Services from the University of Georgia. Prior to joining UMD, she served on the faculty in the College Student Affairs Administration program at the University of Georgia. Dr. Moore also was the program coordinator and co-developer of the Student Affairs Leadership Ed.D. program. Dr. Moore's research agenda is two tiered with a focus on: 1) Qualitative research methodologies—critical research; narrative research; epistemological pathways, and 2) Inclusive campus environments—Black student identity development; student success at historically Black colleges and universities; LGBTQ student development; student athlete transitions; contingent faculty development; student affairs practice and graduate preparation programs in tertiary education within the context of Ghana, West Africa. As a former student affairs administrator, Dr. Moore is committed to educating, learning from others, and promoting inclusive education environments in higher education. It is important for her to bring her practical skills to the classroom, informing an intentional pathway of applying theory to practice in higher education/student affairs spaces. Moreover, her engagement with higher education in Ghana, West Africa is supported through study abroad programs and a newly formed research agenda related to student affairs practice and graduate education in Ghanaian higher education. Throughout her career, she has presented research at the local, state, regional, and national levels. She is thrilled to be a member of the thriving scholar-practitioner community at UMD, committed to advancing a social justice agenda in education and practice. National Association of Student Personnel Administrator (NASPA) Region III Outstanding Contribution to Teaching Award, recipient, 2016 University of Georgia, Multicultural Programs and Services, The Leslie K. Bates Medal of Excellence, recipient, 2014 Georgia College Personnel Association (GCPA) Outstanding Doctoral Student, recipient, 2011 University of Georgia, College Student Affairs Administration, Roger Winston Outstanding Doctoral Student, recipient, 2011 Oglethorpe University, Donald C. Agnew Award for Distinguished Service, recipient, 2005 Selected pieces: Jones Boss, G. M., Porter, C. J., Davis, T. J., & Moore, C. M. (2018). Second to None: Contingent Women of Color Faculty in the Classroom. R. Jeffries (Ed). Diversity, Equity, and Inclusivity in Contemporary Higher Education. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. Lange, A. C. & Moore, C. M. (2017). Kaleidoscope Views: Using the Theoretical Borderlands to Understand the Experiences of Gay Cis-Men. Journal of College Student Development, 56 (6), 818-832. Maddox-Moore, C.E., Martin, J.A., & Collier, J.C. (March, 2016). Finding community in the intersections. 2016 NASPA Annual Conference: The Annual Knowledge Community Conference Publication. Retrieved from http://apps.naspa.org/files/2016-naspa-final.pdf Moore, C.M., Nefos-Webb, S., Smith, C.V., Lacy, M., & Martin, T. (2018). Telling a story of student success at HBCUs: Barriers for researchers at a PWI. In S. Davis & W. Kimbrough (Eds). Models of Success: How historically Black Colleges and Universities survive the economic recession. Charlotte, NC: Information Age. Maddox, C. E., Cauthen, T.W. III, & Cooper, D. L. (Eds.). (2014). Academic and student affairs collaborations. Special Issue of the Georgia Journal of College Student Affairs. Retrieved from https://sites.google.com/site/gcpajournal/home/2014-special-guest-issue Porter, C. J. & Maddox, C. E. (2014). Using Critical Race Theory and intersectionality to explore a Black lesbian’s life in college: An analysis of Skye’s narrative. NASAP Journal, 15(2), 25-40. Dr. Moore serves as the Director of the Center for Diversity and Inclusion in Higher Education (CDIHE). The Center is situated in the Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education department of the College of Education at the University of Maryland, College Park. This newly formed research and outreach center will become the national center for professional standards in the field and be a source for consultation and guidance for universities across the country and abroad on critical issues related to diversity and inclusion in higher education. The center is committed to engaging with a wealth of diverse communities, federal government agencies, higher education institutions, and international partners to set an ambitious agenda for the development and distribution of research and scholarship on diversity and inclusion issues in higher education.

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Necrotizing Fasciitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Mohammad Kamran, Jane Wachs, Chaim Putterman Objectives: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon infection of the subcutaneous tissue and superficial fascia. Any delay in treatment can lead to catastrophic results with high mortality. It is well known that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at increased risk of infection, from the disease and/or its treatment. The objective of our study was to evaluate the presenting features of NF in SLE patients and to identify possible risk factors for this severe complication. Methods: We searched for patients with diagnoses of SLE and NF using a computerized patient database at Montefiore Medical Center (MMC), from 1996 to present. We also included patients from the MMC Lupus Clinic with these diagnoses (identified from paper records) from 1994 to present. Of a total of 449 patients with SLE that were followed during this time, 8 patients with NF were identified, and their records were reviewed. Results: Two of the 8 patients (25%) died during hospitalization. A third patient died within 2 months of hospital discharge. All 8 patients were receiving steroids at the time of diagnosis, and 7 of 8 had hypoalbuminemia and lymphopenia. Both patients who died in the hospital and the one patient who died within 2 months of her discharge had lupus nephritis. Conclusions: NF is an uncommon infection, but one that must be recognized early if the outcome is to be favorable. This series of 8 cases of NF in SLE from a single institution suggests that heightened awareness is warranted, particularly among SLE patients who are immunosuppressed by virtue of their underlying disease, the therapy they require, or both. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.04.005 Subcutaneous Tissue necrotizing fascitis Kamran, M., Wachs, J., & Putterman, C. (2008). Necrotizing Fasciitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 37(4), 236-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.04.005 Necrotizing Fasciitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. / Kamran, Mohammad; Wachs, Jane; Putterman, Chaim. In: Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, Vol. 37, No. 4, 02.2008, p. 236-242. Kamran, M, Wachs, J & Putterman, C 2008, 'Necrotizing Fasciitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus', Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 236-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.04.005 Kamran M, Wachs J, Putterman C. Necrotizing Fasciitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2008 Feb;37(4):236-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.04.005 Kamran, Mohammad ; Wachs, Jane ; Putterman, Chaim. / Necrotizing Fasciitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. In: Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2008 ; Vol. 37, No. 4. pp. 236-242. @article{f22e9f0d245d499386e61d9418270aec, title = "Necrotizing Fasciitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus", abstract = "Objectives: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon infection of the subcutaneous tissue and superficial fascia. Any delay in treatment can lead to catastrophic results with high mortality. It is well known that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at increased risk of infection, from the disease and/or its treatment. The objective of our study was to evaluate the presenting features of NF in SLE patients and to identify possible risk factors for this severe complication. Methods: We searched for patients with diagnoses of SLE and NF using a computerized patient database at Montefiore Medical Center (MMC), from 1996 to present. We also included patients from the MMC Lupus Clinic with these diagnoses (identified from paper records) from 1994 to present. Of a total of 449 patients with SLE that were followed during this time, 8 patients with NF were identified, and their records were reviewed. Results: Two of the 8 patients (25{\%}) died during hospitalization. A third patient died within 2 months of hospital discharge. All 8 patients were receiving steroids at the time of diagnosis, and 7 of 8 had hypoalbuminemia and lymphopenia. Both patients who died in the hospital and the one patient who died within 2 months of her discharge had lupus nephritis. Conclusions: NF is an uncommon infection, but one that must be recognized early if the outcome is to be favorable. This series of 8 cases of NF in SLE from a single institution suggests that heightened awareness is warranted, particularly among SLE patients who are immunosuppressed by virtue of their underlying disease, the therapy they require, or both.", keywords = "infection, lupus nephritis, necrotizing fascitis, SLE", author = "Mohammad Kamran and Jane Wachs and Chaim Putterman", doi = "10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.04.005", T1 - Necrotizing Fasciitis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus AU - Kamran, Mohammad AU - Wachs, Jane AU - Putterman, Chaim N2 - Objectives: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon infection of the subcutaneous tissue and superficial fascia. Any delay in treatment can lead to catastrophic results with high mortality. It is well known that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at increased risk of infection, from the disease and/or its treatment. The objective of our study was to evaluate the presenting features of NF in SLE patients and to identify possible risk factors for this severe complication. Methods: We searched for patients with diagnoses of SLE and NF using a computerized patient database at Montefiore Medical Center (MMC), from 1996 to present. We also included patients from the MMC Lupus Clinic with these diagnoses (identified from paper records) from 1994 to present. Of a total of 449 patients with SLE that were followed during this time, 8 patients with NF were identified, and their records were reviewed. Results: Two of the 8 patients (25%) died during hospitalization. A third patient died within 2 months of hospital discharge. All 8 patients were receiving steroids at the time of diagnosis, and 7 of 8 had hypoalbuminemia and lymphopenia. Both patients who died in the hospital and the one patient who died within 2 months of her discharge had lupus nephritis. Conclusions: NF is an uncommon infection, but one that must be recognized early if the outcome is to be favorable. This series of 8 cases of NF in SLE from a single institution suggests that heightened awareness is warranted, particularly among SLE patients who are immunosuppressed by virtue of their underlying disease, the therapy they require, or both. AB - Objectives: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an uncommon infection of the subcutaneous tissue and superficial fascia. Any delay in treatment can lead to catastrophic results with high mortality. It is well known that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at increased risk of infection, from the disease and/or its treatment. The objective of our study was to evaluate the presenting features of NF in SLE patients and to identify possible risk factors for this severe complication. Methods: We searched for patients with diagnoses of SLE and NF using a computerized patient database at Montefiore Medical Center (MMC), from 1996 to present. We also included patients from the MMC Lupus Clinic with these diagnoses (identified from paper records) from 1994 to present. Of a total of 449 patients with SLE that were followed during this time, 8 patients with NF were identified, and their records were reviewed. Results: Two of the 8 patients (25%) died during hospitalization. A third patient died within 2 months of hospital discharge. All 8 patients were receiving steroids at the time of diagnosis, and 7 of 8 had hypoalbuminemia and lymphopenia. Both patients who died in the hospital and the one patient who died within 2 months of her discharge had lupus nephritis. Conclusions: NF is an uncommon infection, but one that must be recognized early if the outcome is to be favorable. This series of 8 cases of NF in SLE from a single institution suggests that heightened awareness is warranted, particularly among SLE patients who are immunosuppressed by virtue of their underlying disease, the therapy they require, or both. KW - infection KW - lupus nephritis KW - necrotizing fascitis KW - SLE U2 - 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.04.005 DO - 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.04.005 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.04.005

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Category Archives: Hall & Oates Hall & Oates, Incels, Marc Tschida, Marijuana, Misogyny, National Museum of Play, Pick-up Artists, Press Puzzles, Puahaters, Slut-shaming They Are The Enemy Slut-shaming is in the news these days following the Isla Vista murder rampage. Elliott Rodger’s shooting and stabbing spree followed the release of a manifesto indicting all women primarily for being, well, sluts. Rodger had found a like-minded community of incels, puahaters, and garden-variety woman haters. In the ensuing ten days, some commentators have suggested that males who aren’t enraged to the point of homicide by members of the opposite sex ought to put some real pressure on their fellow XY-ers to knock off the name-calling and the foul categorization of women as sex monsters. From The Blog, Surviving Incel It ain’t easy, I’ll tell you that. I know a young man who had a girlfriend a few years back, probably 2010, IIRC. The two were inseparable. They made no secret of their nearly uncontrollable passion for each other. They’d slip away at any time of the day or night and return, perhaps 45 minutes later, with cat-that-ate-the-canary smirks on their faces. In fact, the only thing that could rival their hunger for each other was their taste for pot. I don’t know if I’ve ever seen two people who had more sex and smoked more marijuana in a day than those two. If I had one-tenth the intercourse and got high one-twentieth the time these two did, I’d probably be in a coma. Let’s call them Randy and Ashley. Randy had no job nor any prospects. Ashley worked several jobs, seating customers at a couple of local restaurants and taking pizza orders over the phone at another. They both lived at home with their parents. Those of us who knew the two figured that all the money she earned went to buy pot. They were pot aficionados. They bragged they only smoked the best. Once I asked Randy how much he typically paid for his pot and he responded, pride in his voice, “A thousand dollars an ounce.” When I reported back to the rest of the folks who know them, we all agreed that Randy and Ashley had to kill off a quarter ounce every three or four days, easily. That meant they had to come up with a thou every two weeks. That would be Ashley’s dough. It seemed she was perfectly content sharing her hard-earned wages with Randy. On the outside, at least. On the inside, perhaps, she might have harbored some resentment. Who knows? I only know that one day the bad news came around that Randy and Ashley had broken up. It was a shock. Next time I saw young Randy, I asked him what happened. “Ashley,” he blurted, disgusted, ” is a slut.” I considered this for a moment. My first guess was that she’d found somebody else and had thrown Randy over. Generally, when a suburban stoner gets dumped, he’ll characterize the ex as a slut, a whore, a cunt, or in any and all of a dozen other ways, most of which have to do with the former girlfriend being incapable of refraining from having sex with anyone, up to and including the unwashed homeless and the dangerously insane. As I sat there pondering this, I’d already started formulating a plan to introduce the idea to him that just because Ashley had given him the gate didn’t mean that she was pathologically sexual. People break up with each other all the time, I would say. Even married people. Often there’s Another Man/Woman involved. Ironically, that’s how Randy and Ashley had gotten together. He’d begun hanging out with a stoner crowd of which she was a part. Even though she was going out with another member of the group at the time, they hooked up and next thing anybody knew she’d thrown over the old boyfriend for Randy. At no time during their torrid affair did Randy ever imply that Ashley was a slut for jumping from her old boyfriend to him. I’d imagine Randy viewed that switch of allegiances as a testament to her good sense and fine taste. She should have been lauded for that decision, I’m sure Randy thought. “So,” I said, “she’s seeing somebody else now, huh?” “Nah,” Randy said. I spluttered: “Whuh?” “Yeah, she told me some shit about how I wasn’t lookin’ hard enough for a job,” he explained. “I mean, what the fk? There’s no jobs, man! What does she want? I can’t make anybody hire me.” I was aware, though, that Randy’s job search was limited to a casual scan of the Sunday classified ads — when his father was looking at him. Otherwise, Randy’s prospects of getting a job depended mainly on the unlikely possibility that an employer would ring his doorbell and ask if anyone who needed a job was in. I was puzzled. “Why,” I asked, “is Ashley a slut then?” “She just is,” Randy said, a hint of impatience in his voice. “She fks anybody.” “Oh. But she’s not seeing anybody now, right?” “No. Not that I know of. But she probably will. Fkin’ slut.” “I’m sorry,” I said, “I don’t get it. Why is she a slut?” “Look, she’s a slut, alright,” Randy said, his voice rising. “I know her. You don’t. Don’t give me any shit, alright?” “Yeah, but….” “Drop it, alright!” See, the worst thing a female can be is a slut. That is, even if she’s not pathologically preoccupied with sexual congress. Ashley had hurt Randy. She’d abandoned him. There may be no worse sin to commit against a young man with no ambition and no purpose than to leave him. Now, he’s stuck with himself. That’s an almost unbearable sentence. Anybody who’d do that is the lowest form of life there is. A slut. I don’t see much of Randy these days. I do know that he’s still looking for a job and that there still aren’t any offers coming in immediately following an unexpected knock on the front door. I never did get the chance to at least hint that Ashley might not be a slut. I should have tried harder. How ’bout that Marc Tschida? Our town’s puzzle guy just got word that the National Museum of Play will be displaying one of his Bloomington jigsaw puzzles. Tschida On The Cutting Edge Cool, huh? She’s Gone Aw heck, I was thinking about this song after finding that 45 label above, so let’s listen to the blue-eyed soul brothers together.

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Storm Inga devastates the South By El Gato News on January 24, 2018 • ( Leave a comment ) by: Sam Zukin National Editor On Jan. 16, Winter Storm Inga pummeled the South with snowfall, leaving chaos and devastation in its wake. Authorities urged residents in these areas to stay home and off the icy roads. The Weather Channel reported that snow fell as far south as Denton, Florida, located in the state’s panhandle. Snow reports like this in Florida have not been this severe since seven years ago. Authorities closed the Bob Sikes Bridge to Pensacola Beach to ensure safety after it became dangerously icy. Snow also reached Mobile, AL, where the Mobile Regional Airport recorded 0.1 inches, making it the second time since January 1977 that measurable amounts of snow fell in the area. Alabama, along with North Carolina and Georgia, have declared state emergencies due to the severity of Inga. Atlanta had an estimated 2.3 inches of snowfall during the night of Jan.16 and the morning of Jan. 17. The ferocity of the storm forced school districts to close, a trend that occurred in most of the Southern states. The storm allegedly resulted in a 10-car pileup on Interstate 85 in Northeastern Georgia on Jan. 17, shutting down the major highway. Snowfall grew rampant in North Carolina; Charlotte recorded 3.5 inches while Durham recorded a monumental 11 inches as of the evening of Jan. 17. Chapel Hill also recorded as many as 5 inches of snow. North Carolina Governor Roy Cooper said: “Nearly all of North Carolina will be impacted by this winter storm, and we’re making sure North Carolina is ready.” The Washington D.C. area witnessed some light snowfall amounting to 0.4 inches. Inga also hit western Kentucky with about 9 inches in Murray and 8.1 inches at the National Weather Service in Paducah. Near Hart County in Kentucky, the arctic like climate led to a multi-vehicle collision on Interstate 65 which caused injuries but left no fatalities. Interstate 49 in Shreveport, Louisiana also closed to do perilous cold conditions. The state of Arkansas also saw up to 8.5 inches near Omaha. Areas surrounding the major cities of Austin, Houston, and San Antonio covered in sleet and snow led to multiple accidents. As of the morning of Jan. 17, approximately 60,000 homes in Texas and Louisiana remain without power. Airlines cancelled hundreds of flights out of safety concerns due to the weather with Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport and Bush Continental Airport being among the worst hit airports. According to The Weather Channel, six people have died as a result of Winter Storm Inga. The causes of deaths included car collisions and exposure to the cold air. Inga has also been a threat to northeastern and midwestern states where there has been moderate snowfall. (Sources: Weather.com, Wunderground.com, Newsweek) EMA sends a false alert to Hawaii #metoo movement inspires Golden Globes fashion

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(-) Remove Disorders filter Disorders Experiments (3) Apply Experiments filter Legal (2) Apply Legal filter Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex (1998), by Alice Domurat Dreger Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex, by historian of science Alice Domurat Dreger, was published in 1998 by Harvard University Press. In the book, Dreger describes how many doctors and scientists treated human hermaphrodites from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century. She states that during this time period, many physicians and scientists struggled to determine the nature sex, and to support a classification of sex as male or female, many physicians and scientists resorted to viewing a person's gonads for identification of his or her sex. Subject: Publications, Theories, Disorders Fetal Surgery Fetal surgeries are a range of medical interventions performed in utero on the developing fetus of a pregnant woman to treat a number of congenital abnormalities. The first documented fetal surgical procedure occurred in 1963 in Auckland, New Zealand when A. William Liley treated fetal hemolytic anemia, or Rh disease, with a blood transfusion. Subject: Disorders, Ethics, Reproduction The Discovery of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome The term Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) was first published in 1973 in an article published in the British medical journal The Lancet. In that article, a group of pediatricians and psychiatrists at the University of Washington Medical School helped to define the morphological defects and developmental delays that can affect children born to alcoholic mothers. Those observations include pre- and post-natal growth deficiencies, minor facial abnormalities, and damage to the developing brain that can result in behavioral, learning, and cognitive abnormalities. Subject: Disorders, Reproduction Truman William Brophy (1848–1928) Truman William Brophy developed a cleft palate surgical repair, later called the Brophy Operation, in the late nineteenth century US. The procedure improved facial aesthetics and speech in cleft palate patients. A cleft palate occurs during development when the palatal bones in the roof of the mouth don't completely fuse, leaving an opening, or cleft, in the upper lip and mouth. Brophy's cleft repair used compression inside and outside of the mouth to push the palatal bones into normal alignment shortly after birth. Subject: People, Disorders John Chassar Moir (1900–1977) John Chassar Moir lived in Scotland during the twentieth century and helped develop techniques to improve the health of pregnant women. Moir helped to discover compounds that doctors could administer to women after childbirth to prevent life-threatening blood loss. Those compounds included the ergot alkaloid called ergometrine, also called ergonovine, and d-lysergic acid beta-propanolamide. Moir tested ergometrine in postpartum patients and documented that it helped prevent or manage postpartum hemorrhage in women. Subject: People, Reproduction, Disorders Neonatal Jaundice Neonatal jaundice is the yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to elevated bilirubin levels in the bloodstream of a newborn. Bilirubin is a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells. Jaundiced infants are unable to process bilirubin at a normal rate or they have an abnormally high amount of bilirubin in their bloodstream, resulting in a buildup of the yellow colored bilirubin. That build up is called hyperbilirubinemia and is the cause of jaundice. Subject: Disorders Jeffrey Weinzweig's Experiments on In Utero Cleft Palate Repair in Goats (1999-2002) Jeffrey Weinzweig and his team, in the US at the turn of the twenty-first century, performed a series of experiments on fetal goats to study the feasibility of repairing cleft palates on organisms still in the womb. Weinzweig , a plastic surgeon who specialized in cleft palate repair, and his team developed a method to cause cleft palates in fetal goats that are similar to clefts that occur in human fetuses. Using their goat congenital model, the team developed a method to repair a congenital cleft palate in utero, or in the womb. Subject: Experiments, Disorders Cocaine as a Teratogen Cocaine use by pregnant women has a variety of effects on the embryo and fetus, ranging from various gastro-intestinal and cardiac defects to tissue death from insufficient blood supply. Thus, cocaine has been termed a teratogen, or an agent that causes defects in fetuses during prenatal development. Cocaine is one of the most commonly used drugs in the US and it has a history of both medical and illegal recreational use. It is a drug capable of a wide array of effects on physical and mental health. Subject: Reproduction, Disorders Teratomas Teratomas are embryonal tumors that normally arise from germ cells and are typically benign. They are defined as being composed either of tissues that are foreign to the area in which they form, or of tissues that derive from all three of the germ layers. Malignant teratomas are known as teratocarcinomas; these cancerous growths have played a pivotal role in the discovery of stem cells. "Teratoma" is Greek for "monstrous tumor"; these tumors were so named because they sometimes contain hair, teeth, bone, neurons, and even eyes. Subject: Processes, Disorders "Human Toxoplasmosis: Occurrence in Infants as an Encephalomyelitis Verification of Transmission to Animals" (1939), by Abner Wolf et al. In a series of experiments during mid 1930s, a team of researchers in New York helped establish that bacteria of the species Toxoplasma gondii can infect humans, and in infants can cause toxoplasmosis, a disease that inflames brains, lungs, and hearts, and that can organisms that have it. The team included Abner Wolf, David Cowen, and Beryl Paige. They published the results of their experiment in Human Toxoplasmosis: Occurrence in Infants as an Encephalomyelitis Verification of Transmission to Animals. Subject: Experiments, Reproduction, Disorders Angelman syndrome is a disorder in humans that causes neurological symptoms such as lack of speech, jerky movements, and insomnia. A human cell has two copies of twenty-three chromosomes for a total of forty-six-one copy from its mother and one from its father. But in the case of Angelman syndrome, the maternal chromosome numbered 15 has a mutation or deletion in its DNA and a gene on the paternal chromosome 15 is inactivated in some parts the brain. The result is the paternal gene is silenced during development of the sperm, which is called genetic imprinting. William Thornton Mustard (1914-1987) William Thornton Mustard was a surgeon in Canada during the twentieth century who developed surgical techniques to treat children who had congenital heart defects. Mustard has two surgeries named after him, both of which he helped to develop. The first of these surgeries replaces damaged or paralyzed muscles in individuals who have polio, a virus that can cause paralysis. The other technique corrects a condition called the transposition of the great arteries (TGA) that is noticed at birth. Subject: People, Disorders, Disorders Dandy-Walker Syndrome Dandy-Walker Syndrome is a congenital brain defect in humans characterized by malformations to the cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls movement, and to the ventricles, the fluid-filled cavities that surround the cerebellum. The syndrome is named for physicians Walter Dandy and Arthur Walker who described associated signs and symptoms of the syndrome in the 1900s. The malformations often develop during embryonic stages. Conjoined Twins Conjoined twins are twins whose bodies are anatomically joined in utero. The degree to which the twins are attached can range from simple, involving skin and cartilage, to complex, including fusion of the skull(s), brain(s), or other vital organs. There are more than a dozen classifications of conjoined twins but what they all tend to have in common is the sharing of the chorion, placenta, and amniotic sac. Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome) John Hilton Edwards first described the symptoms of the genetic disorder known as Trisomy 18 - one of the most common forms of trisomy, which occurs when cells have an extra copy of a chromosome, in humans - in 1960. Trisomy 18, also known as Edwards Syndrome, occurs approximately once per 6000 live births and is second in frequency only to Trisomy 21, or Down's Syndrome, as an autosomal trisomy. Trisomy 18 causes substantial developmental problems in utero. Parasitic Twins Parasitic twins, a specific type of conjoined twins, occurs when one twin ceases development during gestation and becomes vestigial to the fully formed dominant twin, called the autositic twin. The underdeveloped twin is called parasitic because it is only partially formed, is not functional, or is wholly dependent on the autositic twin. Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) is a human disorder in which an individual's genetic sex (genotype) differs from that individual's observable secondary sex characteristics (phenotypes). A fetus with AIS is genetically male with a 46,XY genotype. The term 46,XY refers to the chromosomes found in most cells of the fetus. Most cells have a total of 46 autosomes, or non-sex chromosomes, and a pair sex chromosomes, XX for genetic females, or XY for genetic males. The Mustard Operation The Mustard Operation is a surgical technique to correct a heart condition called the transposition of the great arteries (TGA). TGA is a birth defect in which the placement of the two arteries, the pulmonary artery, which supplies deoxygenated blood to the lungs, and the aorta, which takes oxygenated blood to the body are switched. William Thornton Mustard developed the operation later named for him and in 1963 operated on an infant with TGA, and ameliorated the condition, at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada. Subject: Technologies, Disorders Martius Flap Procedure to Repair Obstetric Fistulas The Martius flap procedure is a surgical procedure used to treat obstetric fistulas in women. Heinrich Martius developed the procedure in twentieth century Germany to treat women with urinary incontinence caused by stress, and later doctors used it to repair obstetric fistulas. Fistulas occur in pregnant women when a hole is torn between the vagina and the urinary tract (called vesicovaginal) or the vagina and the rectum (called rectovaginal). The hole, or fistula, occurs in the tissue separating two organs and therefore obstetric fistulas result in either urinary or fecal incontinence. VACTERL Association VACTERL association is a term applied to a specific group of abnormalities involving structures derived from the mesoderm. Although the defects of this disorder are clearly linked, VACTERL is called an association rather than a syndrome because the exact genetic cause is unknown. "VACTERL" is an acronym, each letter standing for one of the defects associated with the condition: V for vertebral anomalies, A for anal atresia, C for cardiovascular anomalies, T for tracheoesophageal fistula, E for esophageal atresia, R for renal anomalies, and L for limb defects. Smith v. Cote (1986) The case of Smith v. Cote (1986) answered two important questions concerning law and childbirth: does the State of New Hampshire recognize a cause of action for what is defined as wrongful birth, and does the State recognize a cause of action for what is classified as wrongful life? In the case of Smith v. Cote, damages were permitted for wrongful birth, but not for the action of wrongful life. Subject: Legal, Disorders Hydrocephalus During Infancy Hydrocephalus is a congenital or acquired disorder characterized by the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the cavities of the brain, called ventricles. The accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid, the clear fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, causes an abnormal widening of the ventricles. The widening creates potentially harmful pressure on the tissues of the brain that can result in brain damage or death. Transposition of the great arteries or TGA is a potentially fatal congenital heart malformation where the pulmonary artery and the aorta are switched. The switch means that the aorta, which normally carries oxygenated blood, carries deoxygenated blood. There are two types of the malformation, d-TGA where no oxygen reaches the body and l-TGA where some oxygenated blood circulates. In the US, the Centers for Disease Control estimate that about 1,901 infants are born each year with TGA, or about one for every 2,000 births. Symptoms Associated with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Polycystic ovarian syndrome or PCOS is one of the most common reproductive conditions in women, and its symptoms include cystic ovaries, menstrual irregularities, and elevated androgen or male sex hormone levels. During the 1930s, Irving Freiler Stein and Michael Leventhal identified the syndrome and its symptoms. Women who experience symptoms of PCOS may also experience secondary symptoms, including infertility and diabetes. Though estimates vary and the causes of the syndrome are not clear as of 2017, PCOS affects approximately ten percent of women of reproductive age. Anencephaly is an open neural tube defect, meaning that part of the neural tube does not properly close or that it has reopened during early embryogenesis. An embryo with anencephaly develops without the top of the skull, but retains a partial skull, including the face. Anencephaly is one of the most common birth defects of the neural tube, occurring at a rate of approximately one in one thousand human pregnancies. The condition can be caused by environmental exposure to chemicals, dietary deficiencies, or genetic mutations.

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Home » Local Resources in Southern California » Planning a Funeral » Information on Bereavement Fares – Discounted Airfare for Funerals The loss of a loved one is always a challenging experience. The situation becomes even more complicated if a family member has passed away in another city and you have to travel to that location. Odds are that you may find yourself facing the prospect of booking a flight. You may wonder what is available to you in the way of a so-called bereavement airfare. History of Bereavement Fares Airlines in the United States fairly consistently offered people bereavement fares. These were cut-rate tickets available to individuals who needed to fly on short notice for the funeral of a family member. In some cases, a cut-rate fare was also available to a person who needed to visit a terminally ill family member. At the turn of the 21st century, U.S. airlines began to experience significant, even record-breaking, losses. As a consequence, airlines began looking for ways to save money. These included: Add-on fees for items like checked luggage Costs for onboard meals Fees to cancel flights Fees to change fights Charges for calling reservation centers In addition to these types of charges and fees, airlines began the process of eliminating, or severely restricting, bereavement fares. The Rise of Online Booking Sites and Bereavement Fares The rise of online booking websites is also said to have contributed to the elimination of bereavement fees. In simple terms, individuals facing the need to buy a plane ticket on short notice are able to find affordable fares at the last minute via these websites. These include among others: Cranky Concierge CheapAir Bereavement Policies for 15 Airlines in North America What follows are the bereavement airfare policies, or lack of them, for many major airlines operating in North America. Aero Mexico The airline does not offer bereavement fares. Rather, Aero Mexico the airline directs attention to their Fare Families program that offers three levels of fares: The airline maintains that this particular program on its own provides affordable fares to people in need of booking without much notice, even for a trip to a family member’s funeral. Unlike Aero Mexico, Air Canada does have bereavement fares. The same holds true for its sister airlines, Air Canada Rouge and Air Canada Express. The rules for a bereavement fare is that travel must start within seven days of booking a ticket for international travel and 10 days of travel will be in North America. In the case of an international trip, you cannot stay longer than 30 days. Air Canada does make note that you may be able to find a cheaper ticket through an online vendor. Alaska Airlines does offer bereavement fares. The airline does make note that purchasing a ticket online may be cheaper. A bereavement fare is only available within seven days of a flight. Customers can only book a bereavement fare by phone at (800) 252-7522. Allegiant Air is known as an ultra-low-cost airline. Because of the ultra-low fares, the airline does not offer bereavement tickers. The airline will cancel at no charge an existing reservation if there is a death in a family. The airline does not have bereavement fares. American Airlines stopped them in 2014. The airline does offer travelers what it describes as flexible fare options when booking last minute flight for an array of different reasons, including a death in the family. Delta Airlines does offer bereavement fares. In order to access a bereavement fare, a person must be a member of the airline’s SkyMiles frequent flyer program. In order to obtain a bereavement fare, a person must provide documentation: Deceased individual’s name Passenger’s relationship to the deceased person Name and phone number of hospital, hospice, or funeral home Name of doctor Children are charged the adult bereavement fare if it is less than the “regular” child’s fare. The first infant needs no ticket. A second infant must have a ticket in the manner of an older child. Only two infants are permitted on board per adult. Bereavement fares can only be booked by phone. The number for making these reservations for domestic flights is (800) 221-1212 and (800) 241-4141 for international flights. Frontier Airlines doesn’t have bereavement fares. The airline maintains it’s ultra-low fares satisfy this need. In addition, if a person has to change a trip because of a death in the family, the airline advises it is very flexible in this regard and doesn’t charge a fee in many situations. Hawaiian Airlines does not have a bereavement program. The airline may permit a passenger to change or cancel an existing reservation if a death in the family occurs and the individual cannot take a planned flight. Making this change or cancellation necessitates this documentation: Copy of death certificate Proof of relationship with the deceased individual Copy of ticket The request for cancellation or refund, together with the referenced documentation, is mailed to: Consumer Affairs Office In the alternative, the request and supporting documentation can be faxed to (808) 838-6777. Headquartered in Mexico City, Interjet does not offer bereavement fares. The airline maintains it already has low fares. The airline does grant refunds of an existing ticket if a death in the family prevents travel. JetBlue does officially does not have a bereavement fare program. Nonetheless, the airline indicates on its website that if an immediate family member dies, a person can call (800) JETBLUE and a representative of the airline may be able to provide assistance. Southwest Airlines does not have bereavement fares. The airline maintains its regular fares are so low that bereavement fares are unnecessary. In addition, the airline notes a person can always change travel plans at no charge. Another ultra low fare airline, Spirit does not offer bereavement fares. The airline states that because of its ultra-low fares, it is not able to offer additional discounts. United Airlines ended its bereavement fare program in 2014. The program involved a 5 percent discount on tickets. The airline does work with people who have a preexisting ticket and then has a death in the family. Another Mexican airline, Volaris does not have a bereavement fare program. A Canadian airline, WestJet does have bereavement fares. These apply to people who have a death in their immediate families. They also have bereavement fares for people who are traveling to a funeral for certain public officials who died in the line of duty, whether family members or not. These are: Emergency services personnel Bereavement fares can be obtained by calling (888) 937-8538. Armed with this essential information, you will be able to ascertain what is and is not available from different North American airlines when it comes to bereavement fares and other reduced ticket options. Photo Courtesy of Tom Hall.

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Professor Graham Dutfield Position: Professor of International Governance Areas of expertise: Intellectual property; sustainable development; health; law and regulation of food, agriculture and gene technology innovation; traditional knowledge and cultures; bioprospecting; trade law Email: G.M.Dutfield@leeds.ac.uk Location: G.13 Liberty Building I am Professor of International Governance at the School of Law, University of Leeds. Prior to joining University of Leeds, I was the Herchel Smith Senior Research Fellow at CCLS, Queen Mary. I have been teaching intellectual property law since 2003. During the 1990s I worked with the late Dr Darrell Posey, an esteemed scholar and activist, and together we wrote the first book specifically for indigenous peoples on intellectual property and traditional resource rights. From 2001-2 I served as Academic Director of the ICTSD-UNCTAD Capacity-building Project on Intellectual Property Rights and Development, based in Geneva. I am also Adjunct Professor, Centre for Studies of Intellectual Property Rights, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China, and a Member of the Expert Advisory Group of the Australian Centre for Intellectual Property in Agriculture (ACIPA). I present my research around the world, and have given lectures at various prestigious institutions including University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, Harvard University, Yale University, Boston University, Osgoode Hall Law School (Canada), NALSAR (India), and the World Bank. In July 2016 I gave an invited lecture at the Central Intellectual Property and International Trade Court of Thailand before the Chief Justice and over fifty judges. I have also advised governments including those of Brazil, Ghana, Namibia, Saint Lucia and Zambia, as well as the Portfolio Committee on Trade and Industry of the South African Parliament, and the former United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, Olivier de Schutter. I have been referred to as "one of the world’s leading experts on issues of traditional knowledge and intellectual property" (D Halbert, 2001), and "a leading thinker on intellectual property rights in the life science industries" (W Hoffman & L Furcht, 2014). I remain engaged in the struggle for the rights of indigenous peoples in relation to their knowledge and genetic resources. Currently I serve as a member of the Traditional Knowledge Expert Group (TKEG), convened by the Center for International Governance Innovation, a leading Canadian think-tank. I am also a partner on the Voices for BioJustice project, led by University of Capetown. The project focuses on enhancing policy processes affecting local communities, traditional knowledge and resources, and biodiversity, including those relating to access and benefit-sharing. It also addresses emerging technologies affecting biodiversity and indigenous groups. I have been quoted in The Economist, Science, the Times of India, the Wall Street Journal, and the web editions of ABC News and CNN. Most recently I was cited in the World Intellectual Property Report 2015 of the United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization, and in the Final Report of the United Nations Secretary General's High-Level Panel on Access to Medicines. My research on intellectual property crosses several disciplines, including law, history, politics, economics and anthropology. More general scholarly interests include the law, science and business of creativity and technical innovation from the enlightenment to the present, especially in the life sciences. Forthcoming productions resulting from my research are a second edition of Dutfield and Suthersanen on Global Intellectual Property Law (due in January 2020), and a history of the pharmaceutical industry to be published in 2021. Other research areas include intellectual property and access to knowledge, human rights, sustainable development, health, agriculture, genetics, biotechnology, traditional knowledge and folklore, bioprospecting, and indigenous peoples' rights. For further information on my research with some downloadable papers, please see my profile on Academia.edu. <h4>Research projects</h4> <p>Any research projects I'm currently working on will be listed below. Our list of all <a href="https://essl.leeds.ac.uk/dir/research-projects">research projects</a> allows you to view and search the full list of projects in the faculty.</p> Access and Benefit Sharing in Practice: Community, Science and Policy I am Programme Manager of the LLM in Intellectual Property Law. I am also Module Manager of WTO Law. Research groups and institutes Centre for Business Law and Practice Current postgraduate researchers Faisal Alamri Fifa A Rahman Diane Ryland <h4>Postgraduate research opportunities</h4> <p>The school welcomes enquiries from motivated and qualified applicants from all around the world who are interested in PhD study. Our <a href="https://phd.leeds.ac.uk">research opportunities</a> allow you to search for projects and scholarships.</p> My five most recent selected publications My other selected publications Presentations (conference/workshop etc) Internet publications Scholarly editions Software / codes Thesis / dissertations Filesets

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Benefits By State California Unemployment Benefits Florida Unemployment Benefits Georgia Unemployment Benefits Illinois Unemployment Benefits New Jersey Unemployment Benefits New York Unemployment Benefits North Carolina Unemployment Benefits Pennsylvania Unemployment Benefits Texas Unemployment Benefits Wisconsin Unemployment Benefits Michigan Unemployment Benefits Missouri Unemployment Benefits Base Period Calculator Eligibility Calculator Your Eligibility Benefits Amount Claim Your Benefits Benefits Comparision By State Federal Unemployment Cuts Leads to Unrest in North Carolina The miseries of high unemployment rate in North Carolinians gets worse with severe cuts in federally sponsored Emergency Unemployment Compensation (EUC). The state’s unemployment rate remains unchanged at 8.8 percent as per the reports released for the month of June by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, making it one of the top five states in the country. EUC is a federal extension that provides additional weeks of unemployment benefits after you have run out of regular unemployment benefits provided by the state. Apparently, NC happens to be the only state to cut off access to the federal EUC. A major slash in state unemployment benefits comes across as an additional blow to the unemployed. The state government has reduced the maximum amount of money that unemployed people can get each week from $535 to $350. It is this change that cuts off NC from the federal unemployment funds. States that change the average weekly benefit can’t get this money and this does not end here. Until recently, the standard limit for state unemployment benefits was 26 weeks. But five states have lowered that number to either 19 or 20, and Georgia has reduced it to 18. Arkansas and Illinois have lowered their limits to 25. With the new state law, North Carolina’s benefits end after 20 weeks. About 70,000 North Carolinians have already felt the impact of the change, effective from July 1, and an estimated 100,000 more are expected to face cuts in the next few months. These cuts will eventually leave an estimated 170,000 people with no source of income to live on. These measures have been taken as an attempt to eliminate debt to the federal government of more than $2 billion. “They are literally hurting people, and it is wrong,” said the Rev. Dr. William J. Barber II, the president of the North Carolina chapter of the N.A.A.C.P. “It’s about violating people’s deepest moral values. Even when you have a majority, you’re not allowed to violate moral values.” These cuts have led to unrest and protests in the state. On July 22, more than 70 protesters were taken to jail during the weekly “Moral Monday” protests at General Assembly, bringing the total number arrested in the legislative session to 925. “The unemployment benefit cuts are the first real-world impact of the radical, regressive agenda that this legislature has adopted. The pain is starting to be real,” said Penda Hair, a co-director of the Washington-based Advancement Project, a civil rights group that has provided assistance to Moral Monday organizers. “The momentum has built every week. I would expect to see large numbers of people turning out.” The benefit cuts have some North Carolina legislators arguing that the decision to eliminate the federal benefits starting in July was rushed, especially given the fact that the EUC wasn’t set to expire until January. “It’s not a time for us to turn our backs on the people who need help the most,” said Sen. Floyd McKissick, D-North Carolina. But Rep. Julia Howard, R-Davie, said “Delaying the law until then could have burdened businesses and increased debt. The benefits cuts will encourage people to find work faster and then move to a better job as the economy improves,” she said. “It may not be the job that you want or your career for the rest of your life. But to take a job, get back into the job market,” Howard added. North Carolina Faces Major Cuts in Unemployment Benefits South Carolina unemployment rate edges down to 11.6% Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees Governor of California Proposes Cuts in Health and Welfare Programs Related Tags : Emergency Unemployment Compensation, Moral Mondays, North Carolina Unemployment, North Carolina Unemployment benefit Did you find this article helpful? YES | NO What You Should Know About Pre Employment Drug Testing What are the Most In-Demand Jobs in 2020? Five Seasonal Jobs For Christmas Worth Applying For What Do The Jobs of The Future Look Like? Ghosted: Why You’re Not Hearing Back From the Companies? I work for a franchise of small casino’s in Las Vegas. We get paid min wage. I can almost guarantee you, we get harassed every night. I’ve had all the windows in my car broken out. I’ve had my car egged. I’ve had my life threatened. I work in an environment where drug deals are going down in the parking lot or the restrooms. The homeless come in and try to make a campsite. I’ve had to deal with customers that get intoxicated or came in intoxicated and are obnoxious. Management isn’t maintaining the machines, it’s the same problem day after day. When I walk into work, I feel I’ve gained 200lbs. I’m depressed and I don’t want to be there! Most importantly, it’s just getting worse. Can I quit my job and get unemployment, until I find another job? I can’t do it anymore, I HATE it! I can understand your situation. You can be eligible to resign and claim UI benefits under hostile working conditions. I suggest you call the Unemployment Office for clarification before making a decision. Please answer a simple Math question: * 7 × = twenty eight © 2020 File Unemployment. All Rights Reserved. FileUnemployment.org is a private website intended for the purpose of reference alone. The information available on site cannot be considered as advice of any form as it may be obsolete or incorrect. https://fileunemployment.org

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Is Health Care a Hidden $8,000 Tax on Each American Family? Michael Rainey The Fiscal Times January 7, 2020 The U.S. famously has the most expensive health-care system in the world, and according to two well-known economists it amounts to a hefty tax that households must pay each year. Speaking at a conference last weekend, Angus Deaton and Anne Case of Princeton University said that Americans pay about $1 trillion more for health care than the next most expensive country, Switzerland. Divided across the U.S. population, it’s the rough equivalent of an $8,000 “poll tax” on each household — a levy that is applied to all regardless of ability to pay. The problem, Deaton and Case say, is that the extra money provides little or no benefit. In fact, life expectancy in Europe is higher than in the U.S., suggesting that all the extra spending is a waste. “We can brag we have the most expensive health care. We can also now brag that it delivers the worst health of any rich country,” Case said, according to The Washington Post’s Heather Long, who wrote about the issue Tuesday. Worse, Deaton and Case say the health care system is actively contributing to serious problems in the country, including the opioid epidemic and declining life expectancy. Deaton singles out drugmakers, hospitals and even doctors for the roles they play, pointing out that about one in six of the top 1% are physicians. “Physicians are a giant rent-seeking conspiracy that’s taking money away from the rest of us,” Deaton told Long. But fixing the problem won’t be easy. “[E]verybody loves physicians,” Deaton said. “You can’t touch them.” Like what you're reading? Sign up for our free newsletter. The Bank of Princeton (BPRN) Misses Q4 Earnings and Revenue Estimates Something Far Deadlier Than the Wuhan Virus Lurks Near You 1000-Lb. Sisters Star Amy Slaton Shops for a Wedding Dress in Sneak Peek CVS offers option for diabetes drugs with no out-of-pocket cost

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Home / Movie Database / Keith David 21 Bridges (2019) 21 BRIDGES follows an embattled NYPD detective (Chadwick Boseman), who is thrust into a citywide manhunt for a pair of cop killers after uncovering a massive and unexpected conspiracy. As the night unfolds, lines become blurred on who he is pursuing,... The Cape (2011) "The Cape" is a one-hour drama series starring David Lyons ("ER") as Vince Faraday, an honest cop on a corrupt police force, who finds himself framed for a series of murders and presumed dead. He is forced into hiding, leaving beh... Free Birds (2013) In this irreverent, hilarious, adventurous buddy comedy for audiences of all ages, directed by Jimmy Hayward (Horton Hears a Who!), two turkeys from opposite sides of the tracks must put aside their differences and team up to travel back in time to c... Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005) Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie smolder in one of the most anticipated, sizzling action films ever made. After five (or six) years of vanilla-wedded bliss, ordinary suburbanites John and Jane Smith (Pitt and Jolie) are stuck in a rut the size of the Gra... The Nice Guys (2016) “The Nice Guys” takes place in 1970s Los Angeles, when down-on-his-luck private eye Holland March (Gosling) and hired enforcer Jackson Healy (Crowe) must work together to solve the case of a missing girl and the seemingly unrelated death... A spacecraft carrying an assortment of passengers including Riddick (Vin Diesel), a dangerous, shackled murderer between prisons, is forced to make a crash landing on a barren, triple-sunned planet after the craft suffers severe damage during a meteo... Walt Disney Animation Studios presents the musical The Princess and the Frog, an animated comedy set in the great city of New Orleans. From the creators of “The Little Mermaid” and “Aladdin” comes a modern twist on a classic t... Reality Bites (1994) Be the first to check-in Ben Stiller, Winona Ryder, Ethan Hawke, Janeane Garofalo and Steve Zahn star in this smart, insightful and hilarious comedy that looks at life, love and the pursuit of gainful employment. This irreverent look at the harsh realities of life after coll... Requiem for a Dream (2000) Drugs. They consume mind, body and soul. Once you're hooked, you're hooked. Four lives. Four addicts. Four failures. Doing their best to succeed in the world, but failing miserably, four people get hooked on various drugs. Despite their aspir... A team of scientists at a remote Antarctic outpost discover a buried spaceship with an unwelcome alien survivor still alive. Bombastic special effects overwhelm the suspense and the solid cast. Less a remake of the 1951 science fiction classic than a... 4K Ultra HD Review

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Archery is one of the oldest arts still practised today. The evolution of archery began at the start of mankind’s history, and evidence of ancient archers has been found around the world. Although archery probably dates back to the Stone Age – around 20,000BC – the earliest people known to have regularly used bows and arrows were the Ancient Egyptians, who adopted archery around 3,000BC for hunting and warfare. In China, the earliest evidence of archery dates to the Shang Dynasty – 1766-1027BC. A war chariot of that time carried a three-man team, a driver, a lancer and an archer. During the Zhou (Chou) Dynasty that followed – 1027-256BC – nobles at court attended archery tournaments that were accompanied my music and interspersed with entertainment. When Chinese people introduced Japan to archery in the sixth century it had an overwhelming influence on culture. One of Japan’s most well-known martial arts, originally known as “kyujutsu” (the art of the bow), is known as “kyudo” (the way of the bow). Modern kyudo is practised primarily for physical, moral and spiritual development. After certain ritual movements, a kyudo archer steps onto the shooting line to shoot at a target 36cm in diamter, 28 metres away, set in a roofed bank of sand. The kyudo bow is 2.21 metres long and made of laminated strips of bamboo. In the Greco-Roman period, archers in both warfare and hunting settings were frequently shown on pottery. Middle Eastern superiority in archery equipment and technique reigned for centuries. With bows like those of the Assyrians and Parthians, who were probably the first to master archery from horseback, Attila the Hun and his Mongols conquered much of Europe and Asia, and Turkish archers threw back the Crusaders. The English longbow became a force in the middle ages and was used in many famous European battles such as Crécy and Agincourt. A law in England that forced every man of adult age to practise archery every Sunday was never repealed, though it is presently ignored. The first-known archery competition relatable to modern times was held in Finsbury, England in 1583 and had 3,000 participants. Since the advent of gunpowder, archery’s importance in warfare decreased – and it instead developed into a recreational and competitive sport. MYTHOLOGY AND POP CULTURE Image: Nottingham’s official Robin Hood, Tim Pollard. Archery is featured in folklore around the world, Robin Hood being probably the most famous. Based in Nottingham forest, he used his bow to steal from the rich and give to the poor, while combating the evil Sheriff of Nottingham. Odysseus, who returned home to Ithaca after 20 years at war in the Greek epic The Odyssey, was also an excellent archer. He was the only one to be able to draw his bow and shoot an arrow through 12 rings to claim back his wife, Penelope, and fend off a host of suitors. In modern literature and films, elf Legolas in The Lord of the Ringsand The Hobbit, the Green Arrow in TV series Archer and Katniss Everdeen in The Hunger Games series have all been credited with boosting archery’s popularity, especially with younger generations. ARCHERY AT THE OLYMPICS Archery was first included in the Olympic Games in 1900. It was also featured on the programme in 1904, 1908 and 1920 before a 52-year hiatus until 1972, when it returned. It has remained on the Olympic Programme ever since, with competition in men’s and women’s, individual and team, recurve archery. Read more about ARCHERY AT THE OLYMPICS ARCHERY AT THE PARALYMPICS Para archery was one of the original sports at the Paralympic Games in 1960, and has been featured on the programme ever since, with men’s and women’s individual competitions. Three-athlete team events were replaced by mixed team competitions at Rio 2016. Read more about ARCHERY AT THE PARALYMPICS Read the original post at World Archery

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HomeNewsNews for Volvo heavy equipment ownersSpare parts for heavy and construction Volvo equipments Spare parts for heavy and construction Volvo equipments Buy spare parts for Volvo trucks and construction equipment in our online store and get high-quality spare parts at the best prices. We work with partners and distributors around the world and provides a wide range of spare parts Volvo at the lowest prices. Call or email us today for a free consultation on the original spare parts for Volvo technology and their duplicates. The company Volvo Truck and Construction - a global manufacturer of construction machinery such as tractors, backhoe loaders, steam rollers, motor graders, wheel loaders, dumpers and equipment for harvesting. The company was founded Teofronom Myunktellem in 1832 in a machine shop in Eskilstuna, Sweden. Due to technical ingenuity Myunktellya, he was able to implement many exciting projects, such as Sweden's first locomotive, the first Swedish mechanical tissue machine, the first Swedish harvester and more. Teofron died in 1887. When Myunktell retired from the Swedish Royal Mint and moved to Eskilstuna in its place came the brothers Jean and Carl Gerhard Bolinder, who in 1844 founded the company Kungsholmens Gjuteri & Maskin Verkstad in Stockholm. The brothers had their own production achievements, including the construction of the first Swedish internal combustion engine and to participate in designing the world's first military submarine. Karl Gerhard died in 1893, and Jean - in 1899. 100 years later, in 1932, the Great Depression in the United States led to the ruin of the company Krueger in Sweden. To keep the assets in the engineering industry, Handelsbanken Bank made ​​merger and Myunktellya Boldinera and created AB Bolinder-Munktell. The company bought Volvo AB Bolinder-Munktell, and in 1995 after the purchase of shares by Volvo Clark Equipment manufacturer in VME Group Company was established Volvo Construction Equipment . Volvo Hydraulic cylinders Volvo Hydraulic cylinder - volumetric hydraulic motor of reciprocating motion. The principle of operation of hydraulic cylinders is largely similar to the principle of the action of pneumatic cylinders. The moving part of the Volvo hydraulic cylinder, which may be a rod, a plunger or the cylinder body itself, performs reciprocating motion. The main parameters that characterize all Volvo hydraulic cylinders are the internal diameter, stroke length, rod diameter and nominal working fluid pressure. Volvo Hydraulic cylinders come in several types: piston, telescopic, plunger, two-sided and one-way. According to the type of attachment, Volvo hydraulic cylinders are divided into models with hinged fastening and rigid fastening. Volvo single-acting hydraulic cylinder makes effort on the movable rod, which is directed only to one side (the working stroke of the cylinder). In the opposite direction, the movable link simply moves back under the action of gravity or a return mechanism, f → Volvo Hydraulic Pumps The Volvo hydraulic system works as follows: The diesel engine rotates the shaft of the Volvo hydraulic pump, which converts mechanical energy into energy hydraulic. The hydraulic fluid is piped into the Volvo hydraulic pump and the Volvo hydraulic cylinders through the Volvo control valve system and converted there into mechanical energy of rotation or reciprocating motion. After performing the work, the hydraulic fluid returns to the hydraulic oil tank and enters the Volvo hydraulic pump. The cycle of work is repeated. Exist two types of heavy equipment Hydraulic systems: A volumetric hydraulic system for its operation uses hydraulic motors and hydraulic pumps operating under high pressure up to 350 MPa. This system uses the principle of alternately filling the working chambers of the pump and the hydraulic motor with a hydraulic fluid and displacing it from there under high pressure. The speed of movement of the working fluid in such a system is small. The main factor → Volvo Control Valves When hydraulic systems are in operation, it becomes necessary to change the flow direction of the working fluid in its individual sections in order to change the direction of movement of the machine's actuators; it is required to provide the necessary sequence of activation of these mechanisms, to discharge the Volvo pump and the hydraulic system from pressure, and so on. These and some other functions are performed by a special hydraulic device - the hydraulic Volvo control valve. In the manufacture of Volvo hydraulic control valves, steel castings, modified cast iron, high and low carbon steel grades, and bronze are used as structural materials. To protect individual elements of the Cat control valves from abrasive wear, sliding surfaces are cemented, nitrided and so on. The dimensions and mass of the Volvo control valve depend on the flow rate of the liquid through which the dimensions of the unit increase. Thanks to the hydraulic system, the Volvo machine receives t → Volvo Top Rollers The Volvo top roller is part of the moving part of the Volvo track. Its purpose is to ensure minimum sagging of the upper part of the Volvo track. Volvo top rollers are made of steel and are used to support the upper section of the track in the track chassis, which includes several supporting Volvo top rollers. They are located on the carrier, respectively, are installed on both sides, between the Volvo drive and return wheels. The Volvo top roller for supporting the tracks and chassis includes a bearing block with a roller. This mechanism, which has the ability to rotate, connects to the suspension unit suspension Volvo undercarriage. The Volvo top roller (Volvo roller, Volvo upper roller) is a Volvo track element designed to support the upper part of the Volvo track and to facilitate tension that reduces sagging. The use of a lot support rollers reduces the force necessary for pulling the track. Also, Volvo rollers prevent Volvo strikes on the frame and give the track contour an o → Volvo Bottom Rollers Volvo Bottom Roller is a crawler drive element that is a movable support for a Volvo equipment (a tractor, bulldozer, excavator, etc.) that use Volvo track chains. The part is to be installed with Volvo bearings on the axles to the suspension of the running gear. Volvo bottom rollers are mounted on bearings on axles that are connected to the body through a suspension. In order to mitigate impacts on the Volvo during the movement in a rough terrain, the Volvo rollers are usually made rubberized. It can also be made of composite materials. Volvo bottom rollers have an internal design based on a coil or cylindrical roller bearings. Thick-walled outer ring allows to withstand high radial loads. Types of Volvo Bottom Rollers: - Rubberized; - Not rubberized; - Rollers with internal cushioning. Volvo Bottom roller supports the following functions: - Improvement of the rotating Volvo track chain; - Reduction of noise generated between the Volvo track chains and the Volv → Volvo Track Shoes Volvo track shoe - an integral part of the crawler chain Volvo construction machines on equipment such as excavators, lifting machines, bulldozers, tractors and more. Designed to reduce the specific pressure of the weight of the base machine on the surface, which ensures patency on weak soils. To work equipped with rubber Volvo tracks in urban areas, reducing noise and damage cover (asphalt, concrete and so on). For work in wetland conditions, arched track shoes are used. The Volvo shoe track is one of the components of the Volvo track. Volvo shoes tracks are cast or forged units of wear-resistant steel, having on the outer surface of the lugs on the inner surface - the guide ridges, and apertures which include the teeth of the drive wheels, and lugs, which includes connecting pins pivotally connecting the tracks with each other. According to the constructive implementation of the Volvo links, there are composite and integral castings. At present, several dozen types of Volvo sho → Volvo Track Chains The Volvo track chain is an important part of the Volvo track, it consists of movable elements that are connected together by means of fingers and bushings. It is this part that comes into contact with the ground surface during operation and exerts pressure on it. Using a crawler chain allows you to reduce pressure on the soil, which increases the throughput of Volvo Heavy Equipment. The Volvo tracks consist of bushes into which the fingers are placed, so joints are formed, allowing the chains to fit tightly the guide and the driving wheel. Like any other equipment, the Volvo equipment, over time, requires replacement of worn out Volvo parts. If you need to replace spare parts like Volvo track chains, you should pay attention to such moments: the length of the crawler chain and the diameter. The Volvo track chain can be mounted on motor grader, tractor, bulldozer and excavator Volvo. Such products are characterized by a long operating term, as well as a high level of patency. → Volvo Swing Motors Rotation of the working equipment of equipment to the place of unloading the bucket and a reverse rotation to the place of dripping are carried out by turning the turntable or the whole platform (for full-cycle Volvo excavators). The rotation takes approximately 60-70% of the working cycle time and significantly affects its overall duration. The hydrostatic Volvo Swing Motor just performs the function of turning in the horizontal plane of the working equipment relative to the running gear of the Volvo equipment. The Swing Volvo Motor consists of a sturdy steel casing, in which several pairs of Novikov gearing gears are compactly arranged, allowing the transfer of loads significantly exceeding the permissible values ​​for involuntary engagement. On the low-speed shaft, on the splines, the output gear is attached, which is included in the open gearing with a gear ring of the turntable of the Volvo Heavy Equipment. A large cogwheel is mounted on the fixed part of the Volvo platfo → Volvo Travel Motors The Volvo Travel Motor is a design made up of gears and other operating elements that are driven by a gear train. The simplest Volvo Travel Motor consists of a carrier. It is designed to fix the satellites relative to each other so that they move together. For proper operation of the Volvo Travel Motor, it is necessary that one of the constituent parts of it is rigidly fixed to the casing. In the Volvo Travel Motor, which is equipped with a carrier, the static part is exactly it. In addition, the crown or solar gear may be rigidly fixed. In the event that none of the parts of this unit is fixed, it is possible to separate one movement into several, or merge the two into one. Due to this design, the drive and driven shafts of the Volvo moving in one direction. Serves the Volvo Travel Motor to ensure a lower gear and at the same time increase the torque. To ensure the operation of this mechanism, the rotating shaft of the Volvo joins its driven element. Lubrication of all → Volvo Final Drives The Volvo Final Drive is a design made up of gears and other operating elements that are driven by a gear train. The simplest Volvo Final Drive consists of a carrier. It is designed to fix the satellites relative to each other so that they move together. For proper operation of the Volvo Final Drive, it is necessary that one of the constituent parts of it is rigidly fixed to the casing. In the Volvo Final Drive, which is equipped with a carrier, the static part is exactly it. In addition, the crown or solar gear may be rigidly fixed. In the event that none of the parts of this unit is fixed, it is possible to separate one movement into several, or merge the two into one. Due to this design, the drive and driven shafts of the Volvo moving in one direction. Serves the Volvo Final Drive to ensure a lower gear and at the same time increase the torque. To ensure the operation of this mechanism, the rotating shaft of the Volvo joins its driven element. Lubrication of all compo → Volvo Sensors Volvo Sensors have a huge functional load. They are responsible for the serviceability and correct operation of the power unit, as well as provide convenience and performance of the work on the Volvo heavy equipment, as well as the safety of the operator of the equipment during direct movement or work. Sensors and devices that perform diagnostics of all mechanisms, aggregates and systems of Volvo heavy equipment, are necessary for the timely warning of the operator of possible malfunctions. Data from the Volvo sensors monitor the temperature, pressure, position of the parts, fluid levels, and the use of other equipment nodes or devices. Each Volvo sensor is responsible for its indicator or parameter. The number of sensors in each, even the smallest Volvo machine, is extremely large. The variety of functionality of Volvo sensors is enormous, as is the importance of each of them in the performance of Volvo technology in general. Only with us you will find and be able to buy o → Volvo Starter Motors As the name suggests, a Volvo starter for heavy equipment is used to start an internal combustion engine. To do this, it provides a primary rotation of the crankshaft with the required frequency. The starter is an integral part of the electrical system of any modern Volvo equipment. Structurally it is a four-pole DC motor, powered by a Volvo battery. The Volvo engine generates the energy necessary for the movement of the Volvo equipment, due to the speed of the Volvo crankshaft. All electrical equipment works from the same energy. In a stationary state, the engine is not capable of delivering either torque or electric energy. In this regard, it is necessary to "untwist" it with a special electric motor - a Volvo starter motor, and an external power source - a Volvo battery. On motors with diesel power system, as well as on high-power engines, a Volvo starter motor with a gearbox is installed. The planetary gearbox, consisting of several gears, is mounted in the starter → Volvo Alternators Electrical equipment of any Volvo equipment includes an alternator Volvo or AC Volvo generator - a device that converts the mechanical energy received from a Volvo engine into an electrical one. Together with a voltage regulator, it is called an alternator set. Volvo alternators are installed on modern Volvo equipment. They meet the requirements to the greatest degree. Requirements for the Volvo alternator: - the output parameters of the Volvo alternator must be such that in any mode of motion of the machinery there is no progressive discharge of the Volvo battery; - The voltage in the onboard network of equipment powered by the Volvo alternator must be stable over a wide range of speed and load variations. The latter requirement is caused by the fact that the Volvo rechargeable battery is very sensitive to the degree of voltage stability. Too low voltage causes a low battery and, as a consequence, difficulties with starting the engine, too high voltage leads to a battery r → Volvo Generators To convert various types of energy into electrical, special devices are used. One of the simplest mechanisms is the DC Volvo generator. The DC Volvo generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy for further use in an external circuit. The source of mechanical energy in this case can serve as any mechanical effort: the rotation of a special handle, the Volvo engine and so on. There are such types of DC Volvo generators: self-excitation inclusion and working on the principle of independent inclusion. The methods of excitation depend on the type of power supply of the device. The self-excited Volvo generator works from external sources, it can be a rechargeable battery. Unlike Volvo alternators (or AC Volvo generators), devices with a constant type of electricity need an uninterruptible power supply that constantly directs the DC current to the armature winding. Because of this, the field of application of such devices is quite narrowly specialized, → Volvo Batteries Electric Volvo battery - a chemical source of current, a source of electro-driving force of reusable action. The main specificity is the reversibility of internal chemical processes. That provides its multiple cyclic use (through charge-discharge) for the accumulation of energy and autonomous power supply of various electrical devices and equipment, as well as to provide backup sources of energy in vehicles and Volvo heavy equipment. The most common now are: 1. Lead Acid is the most common type of battery used in Volvo's heavy equipment, or as an uninterruptible power supply in emergencies. 2. Nickel-cadmium (NiCd) - the most widely used as a replacement for a standard galvanic cell, also used in Volvo electric forklifts and other Volvo electrical equipment. 3. Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) - also used as a replacement for a standard galvanic cell, in electric vehicles. Please note that Volvo acid batteries are not allowed for air travel. We sheep it by sea or by → Volvo Belts Belt transmission is the transmission of mechanical energy by means of a flexible element - the Volvo drive belt, due to frictional forces or engagement forces (Volvo timing belts). It can have both a constant and variable gear ratio, whose shafts can be with parallel and intersecting axes. The Volvo belt performs two tasks: it operates a gas distribution system and aggregates of additional equipment such as a Volvo generator, a Volvo air conditioner compressor and so on. There is a huge variety of drive belts: - Volvo V-belt - Toothed Volvo belt Also distinguish single-row belts and multi-row Volvo belts. All of the above belts have one task - to drive the Volvo pulley of additional equipment or to drive other systems of equipment. Volvo pulleys transmit torque using Volvo belts. Original and replacement or aftermarket Volvo belts online. RM13371695 Belt VOE15171845 V-Ribbed Belt RM13465554 Belt VOE17284603 Belt → Volvo Water Pumps The plunger and piston Volvo water pump are widely distributed, as their work is effective at high final pressure. The purpose of the Volvo water pump in the cooling system is to pump the cooling liquid through the cooling system. The main task is to force the coolant into the cooling Volvo radiator, as a result of the operation of the Volvo thermostat and the start of a large circle of engine cooling. How does the Volvo piston water pump work? The principle of operation of the Volvo piston water pump is to pump the liquid by suction. What does it mean? The piston creates a translational motion, through which the liquid enters the cavity of the lower part of the device from a special tube. When the piston does reverse movement, the valve on the pipeline closes and thereby prevents the fluid from flowing back. However, another valve opens on the discharge pipe. At the primary suction it was closed. These processes are repeated again and again, so that the fluid is constantly pu → Volvo Radiators The cooling system plays a very important role, since it prevents the engine from overheating. The most important element of the cooling system is the Volvo radiator, which provides effective cooling of the liquid. The cooling system performs the following functions: - heat the air in the ventilation, heating and air conditioning system; - cool the oil in the lubrication system; - cool the exhaust gases in the exhaust gas recirculation system; - cool the air in the turbo system. Most of the modern technology is equipped with a water cooling system, among which the advantages are an effective uniform cooling. In addition, the water cooling system has a low noise level. Cooling system design: - Volvo radiator; - Heater heat exchanger; - Oil radiator; - Expansion tank; - Thermostat; - Volvo water pump; - Volvo radiator fan; - Branch pipes; - Controls. The principle of the cooling system is as follows. Thanks to the liquid pump, the coolan → Volvo turbochargers Volvo turbocharger is a technically sophisticated mechanism that uses the kinetic energy of the exhaust gases to increase the pressure inside the Volvo intake system. Compressing, a mixture of fuel and air increases the mass of the fuel charge inside the Volvo cylinders, which increases the caloric content and, consequently, the engine power. The essence of the Volvo turbocharger is the strongest compression of air that enters the engine and enriches the fuel mixture, creating a high explosion power in the cylinder - this greatly improves the mass ratio of the Volvo engine to its power. Based on this, it can be argued that an engine with a Volvo turbocharger produces much more useful energy than the same unit without it. The operating speed of the Volvo turbine can be about 250,000 - 280,000 rpm. For comparison, the speed of the internal combustion engine itself is 30 times less. And since the Volvo turbocharger works by exhaust gases, the operating temperature of the supercharger i → Volvo intake manifolds Air or fuel / air mixture enters the cylinders through the Volvo Construction intake manifold. The main purpose of the intake manifold is to ensure an even distribution of air or working mixture between the cylinders. This directly affects the efficiency of the Volvo engine. In addition, other nodes can be attached to the manifold. The principle of operation of the intake manifold of the Volvo engine is quite simple: air or its mixture with fuel, getting inside through the inlet, is divided into several streams, according to the number of cylinders of the engine. Pistons, moving downwards, create a vacuum in the collector, which can reach large values. This partial vacuum is also used to neutralize crankcase gases. They pass through the engine crankcase ventilation system into the Volvo intake manifold, mix with the fuel-air mixture or air and are burned in the cylinders. Until recently, the main material for the manufacture of the Volvo intake manifold of was aluminum, iron and →

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WikiFur:Consensus WikiFur > Consensus This page documents a guideline on WikiFur. It is a generally accepted standard followed by editors on this site, although occasional exceptions may apply. When making significant changes to this page, please make sure that your edits are consistent with consensus. When in doubt, any changes should first be proposed on the discussion page. This page in a nutshell: Consensus is the process by which we edit articles and resolve disputes at WikiFur. It is not static and may change over time based on new ideas and input. Consensus is a decision-making model used by WikiFur to encourage discussion and participation in editing. In simplest terms, it means "agreement," though in some cases, consensus may be a majority view and not reflect every viewpoint. It is important, however, that each viewpoint be considered, because WikiFur belongs to the whole community, not just to an elect few. 1 The consensus process 1.1 Normal editing 1.2 Consensus is not static 1.3 Policies and guidelines reflect consensus 1.4 Exceptions to consensus 2 Consensus building 2.1 The role of curators in consensus 2.2 Inappropriate uses of consensus The consensus process[edit] Consensus flows out of the normal way that people interact with one another in collaborating and resolving disputes. At its most basic, it refers to the normal editing process. In cases of disputes, the community works to resolve the issue by discussion and compromise. It is important to remember that consensus is a community process. Do not assume that the curators will "make a ruling" on a controversial issue. Normal editing[edit] When an edit is made, other editors have these options: accept the edit, change the edit, or revert the edit. These options may be discussed if necessary. Consensus normally arises through the normal editing cycle. In this process, User A submits new material to WikiFur in good faith. User B looks at the article and thinks of ways to improve it, which is not to say that what User A submitted is bad, but that (like nearly everything in life) there are ways to make it better. An article may go through several revisions this way, with different editors expanding it, fixing technical issues (grammar, spelling, punctuation, etc.), adding special codes to wikify it, and so on. Because each edit represents the good-faith effort of the editor to improve the article, this process normally takes place quietly and without controversy. Each editor is encouraged to be bold in making changes; you do not need to ask formal permission to edit general articles. Other viewers may either accept the change, try to improve the change, or revert the change. Discussion on the talk page is encouraged, as are explanatory edit summaries. These help to explain your reasons for making a change, and may help demonstrate good faith. If other editors and viewers accept your changes, then that silent acceptance is considered "implicit consensus" that your edits are acceptable at this time. It is not necessary to document this formally; it is a fundamental part of how our editing process works. Bear in mind that other users may later make changes at any time. Consensus is not static[edit] Just because an article or other topic of discussion has reached consensus, please do not assume that it is now "set in stone" with the force of policy. This is a vibrant and growing community, and ideas may change over time. Do not reject edits outright on the grounds that they "violate consensus." The fact that someone is making an edit demonstrates that consensus can, and will, change over time. Assume good faith, and consider the new edits in light of all information currently available. Discuss on the talk page as necessary. Evaluate all edits and proposals on their own merits, not on the basis of an outcome that was decided years ago. The world changes all around us, and we as a community must change with it. This continual evolution is indeed both inevitable and desirable. Policies and guidelines reflect consensus[edit] Policies and guidelines have been established in the WikiFur community, not by arbitrary decree, but to document the community's own consensus about how things are done. To inspire trust and confidence, policies and guidelines should remain consistent and stable. Changes to them should be proposed and discussed with great diligence, and generally these proposals will take longer to achieve consensus. Don't rush things. Because policies and guidelines affect the entire community, the community at large should have the opportunity to comment and participate as they evolve. In some cases, particularly in the case of guideline documents which reflect "best practices" but do not carry the weight of policy, there may be little or no discussion. Such guidelines are generally written by editors familiar with the Wiki process, both at WikiFur and at other sites such as Wikipedia, and silent acceptance of these documents may be construed as consensus after sufficient time has passed for them to be exposed to the community. Exceptions to consensus[edit] In rare instances, it may be necessary for the site operators to impose rules or take actions that are not derived from consensus. Examples include issues concerning copyright, server load, and legal issues. Consensus building[edit] Inevitably in any community, disputes arise that can not be handled alone. Sometimes edit wars take place, and it appears unlikely that the editors involved will be able to resolve the issue amongst themselves. It is appropriate in such cases for each party to document their positions on the article's talk page, using neutral language and citing sources to verify the information. Other members of the community should also express their views, again maintaining neutrality and offering sources when possible. The role of curators in consensus[edit] Do not assume that the curators will take sides. They are members of this community, just like you, and they are bound by the same policies and guidelines. Curators may take action based on their interpretations of policy, guidelines, and consensus, but are not a "ruling class." Please do not expect them to do something just because you ask them to, particularly when the action may be controversial or may not reflect consensus. Inappropriate uses of consensus[edit] While it is appropriate to call attention to an issue, it may be considered inappropriate to frequently and repeatedly do so, or to post about the issue in multiple forums and talk pages at once. Those who are interested in the issue will likely find it on their own, and it is generally not advisable to act as the town crier, shouting in the public square. Any announcements that you make must also be written from a neutral point of view, with an intent to call attention to the discussion, not to sway it. It is inappropriate to use multiple accounts or IP addresses to promote a particular point of view (a process called sockpuppetry), or to recruit many editors in collusion to advocate a position (a process called meatpuppetry). Finally, editors sometimes use a form of filibustering whereby through repeated edits, reversions, and repeating the same arguments, they hope to outlast the opposition and win the debate. This does not reflect true consensus and is not an acceptable way to reach an outcome. Wikipedia:Consensus Wikipedia:Staying cool when the editing gets hot Dealing with wikistress -- tips on keeping perspective Some of this page is derived from Wikipedia. The original article was at WP:Consensus. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with WikiFur, the text of Wikipedia is available under CC-BY-SA and the GFDL. Retrieved from "https://en.wikifur.com/w/index.php?title=WikiFur:Consensus&oldid=327898" Last modified 02:48, 23 May 2011

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For other uses, see Funeral (disambiguation). Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see Funeral Rites (novel), the novel Burial Rites, Burial Service (disambiguation), the film Death Rite, the album Death Rituals, the play Celebration of Life. Funerary practices in different cultures Opening of the mouth ceremony (Ancient Egypt) Kotsuage bone picking ceremony (Japanese Buddhist) Funeral of Pope John Paul II (Roman Catholic) Cremations at Manikarnika Ghat (Hindu) Muslim funeral procession in India (c 1888), lithography Members of the Prague Burial Brotherhood pray at the camp of a dying man (c 1772), Jewish Museum, Prague Monastic funeral for Russian Schema-Archmandrite Anastasi (Popov) (Eastern Orthodox) A funeral is a ceremony connected with the final disposition of a corpse, such as a burial or cremation, with the attendant observances.[1] Funerary customs comprise the complex of beliefs and practices used by a culture to remember and respect the dead, from interment, to various monuments, prayers, and rituals undertaken in their honor. Customs vary between cultures and religious groups. Common secular motivations for funerals include mourning the deceased, celebrating their life, and offering support and sympathy to the bereaved; additionally, funerals may have religious aspects that are intended to help the soul of the deceased reach the afterlife, resurrection or reincarnation. The funeral usually includes a ritual through which the corpse receives a final disposition.[2] Depending on culture and religion, these can involve either the destruction of the body (for example, by cremation or sky burial) or its preservation (for example, by mummification or interment). Differing beliefs about cleanliness and the relationship between body and soul are reflected in funerary practices. A memorial service or celebration of life is a funerary ceremony that is performed without the remains of the deceased person.[3] The word funeral comes from the Latin funus, which had a variety of meanings, including the corpse and the funerary rites themselves. Funerary art is art produced in connection with burials, including many kinds of tombs, and objects specially made for burial like flowers with a corpse. 2 Religious funerals 2.1 Bahá'í 2.2 Buddhist 2.3 Christian 2.4 Hindu 2.5 Islamic 2.6 Jewish 2.7 Sikh 3 Western funerals 3.1 Classical antiquity 3.1.1 Ancient Greece 3.1.2 Ancient Rome 3.2 North American funerals 3.2.1 Visitation 3.2.2 Funeral 3.2.3 Burial service 3.3 Private services 3.4 Memorial services 3.5 European funerals 3.5.1 England 3.5.3 Iceland 3.5.5 Greece 3.5.6 Poland 3.5.8 Scotland 3.5.10 Wales 4 Other types of funerals 4.1 Celebration of life 4.2 Jazz funeral 4.4 Humanist and otherwise not religiously affiliated 4.5 Civil 4.6 Police/fire services 4.7 Masonic 5 Asian funerals 5.1 In Japan 5.2 In the Philippines 5.3 In Korea 5.4 In Mongolia 5.5 In Vietnam 6 African funerals 6.2 West African 6.3 East African 7 Historical mausoleums 7.1.1 Tomb of Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi 7.1.2 Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties 8 Mutes and professional mourners 9 State funeral 10 Final disposition 11 Self-planned funerals 12 Organ donation and body donation Overview[edit] Peasant funeral in the Mam Turk mountains of Connemara, Ireland, 1870 Funeral rites are as old as human culture itself, pre-dating modern Homo sapiens and dated to at least 300,000 years ago.[4] For example, in the Shanidar Cave in Iraq, in Pontnewydd Cave in Wales and at other sites across Europe and the Near East,[4] archaeologists have discovered Neanderthal skeletons with a characteristic layer of flower pollen. This deliberate burial and reverence given to the dead has been interpreted as suggesting that Neanderthals had religious beliefs,[4] although the evidence is not unequivocal – while the dead were apparently buried deliberately, burrowing rodents could have introduced the flowers.[5] Substantial cross-cultural and historical research document funeral customs as a highly predictable, stable force in communities.[6][7] Funeral customs tend to be characterized by five "anchors": significant symbols, gathered community, ritual action, cultural heritage, and transition of the dead body (corpse).[2] Religious funerals[edit] Bahá'í[edit] Funerals in the Bahá'í Faith are characterized by not embalming, a prohibition against cremation, using a chrysolite or hardwood casket, wrapping the body in silk or cotton, burial not farther than an hour (including flights) from the place of death, and placing a ring on the deceased's finger stating, "I came forth from God, and return unto Him, detached from all save Him, holding fast to His Name, the Merciful, the Compassionate." The Bahá'í funeral service also contains the only prayer that's permitted to be read as a group - congregational prayer, although most of the prayer is read by one person in the gathering. The Bahá'í decedent often controls some aspects of the Bahá'í funeral service, since leaving a will and testament is a requirement for Bahá'ís. Since there is no Bahá'í clergy, services are usually conducted under the guise, or with the assistance of, a Local Spiritual Assembly.[8] Buddhist[edit] Main article: Funeral (Buddhism) A Buddhist funeral marks the transition from one life to the next for the deceased. It also reminds the living of their own mortality. Christian[edit] Funeral of Indian Syro-Malabar Eastern Catholic Venerable Varghese Payyappilly Palakkappilly on 6 October 1929. Congregations of varied denominations perform different funeral ceremonies, but most involve offering prayers, scripture reading from the Bible, a sermon, homily, or eulogy, and music.[2][9] One issue of concern as the 21st century began was with the use of secular music at Christian funerals, a custom generally forbidden by the Roman Catholic Church.[10] Christian burials have traditionally occurred on consecrated ground such as in churchyards. Burial, rather than a destructive process such as cremation, was the traditional practice amongst Christians, because of the belief in the resurrection of the body. Cremations later came into widespread use, although some denominations forbid them. The US Conference of Catholic Bishops said "The Church earnestly recommends that the pious custom of burying the bodies of the deceased be observed; nevertheless, the Church does not prohibit cremation unless it was chosen for reasons contrary to Christian doctrine" (canon 1176.3).[11] See also: Christian burial and Cremation in the Christian World Hindu[edit] Main article: Antyesti Antyesti, literally "last rites or last sacrifice", refers to the rite-of-passage rituals associated with a funeral in Hinduism.[12] It is sometimes referred to as Antima Samskaram, Antya-kriya, Anvarohanyya, or Vahni Sanskara. A dead adult Hindu is cremated, while a dead child is typically buried.[13][14] The rite of passage is said to be performed in harmony with the sacred premise that the microcosm of all living beings is a reflection of a macrocosm of the universe.[15] The soul (Atman, Brahman) is believed to be the immortal essence that is released at the Antyeshti ritual, but both the body and the universe are vehicles and transitory in various schools of Hinduism. They consist of five elements: air, water, fire, earth and space.[15] The last rite of passage returns the body to the five elements and origins.[13][15] The roots of this belief are found in the Vedas, for example in the hymns of Rigveda in section 10.16, as follows, A Hindu cremation rite in Nepal. The samskara above shows the body wrapped in saffron red on a pyre. Burn him not up, nor quite consume him, Agni: let not his body or his skin be scattered, O all possessing Fire, when thou hast matured him, then send him on his way unto the Fathers. When thou hast made him ready, all possessing Fire, then do thou give him over to the Fathers, When he attains unto the life that waits him, he shall become subject to the will of gods. The Sun receive thine eye, the Wind thy Prana (life-principle, breathe); go, as thy merit is, to earth or heaven. Go, if it be thy lot, unto the waters; go, make thine home in plants with all thy members. —  Rigveda 10.16[16] The final rites of a burial, in case of untimely death of a child, is rooted in Rig Veda's section 10.18, where the hymns mourn the death of the child, praying to deity Mrityu to "neither harm our girls nor our boys", and pleads the earth to cover, protect the deceased child as a soft wool.[17] Among Hindus, the dead body is usually cremated within a day of death. The body is washed, wrapped in white cloth for a man or a widow, red for a married woman,[14] the two toes tied together with a string, a Tilak (red mark) placed on the forehead.[13] The dead adult's body is carried to the cremation ground near a river or water, by family and friends, and placed on a pyre with feet facing south.[14] The eldest son, or a male mourner, or a priest then bathes before leading the cremation ceremonial function.[13][18] He circumambulates the dry wood pyre with the body, says a eulogy or recites a hymn in some cases, places sesame seed in the dead person's mouth, sprinkles the body and the pyre with ghee (clarified butter), then draws three lines signifying Yama (deity of the dead), Kala (time, deity of cremation) and the dead.[13] The pyre is then set ablaze, while the mourners mourn. The ash from the cremation is consecrated to the nearest river or sea.[18] After the cremation, a period of mourning is observed for 10 to 12 days after which the immediate male relatives or the sons of the deceased shave their head, trim their nails, recites prayers with the help of priest or Brahmin and invite all relatives, kins, friends and neighbours to eat a simple meal together in remembrance of the deceased. This day, in some communities, also marks a day when the poor and needy are offered food in memory of the dead.[19] Islamic[edit] Main article: Islamic funeral 1779 Algerian funerals Funerals in Islam (called Janazah in Arabic) follow fairly specific rites. In all cases, however, sharia (Islamic religious law) calls for burial of the body, preceded by a simple ritual involving bathing and shrouding the body, followed by salat (prayer). Burial rituals should normally take place as soon as possible and include: Bathing the dead body with water, camphor and leaves of ziziphus lotus,[20] except in extraordinary circumstances as in the Battle.[21] Enshrouding the dead body in a white cotton or linen cloth except extraordinary cases such as battle. In such cases apparel of corpse is not changed.[22] Reciting the funeral prayer in all cases for a Muslim. Burial of the dead body in a grave in all cases for a Muslim. Positioning the deceased so that when the face or body is turned to the right side it faces Mecca. The mourning period is 40 days long.[23] Jewish[edit] Main article: Bereavement in Judaism In Judaism, funerals follow fairly specific rites, though they are subject to variation in custom. Halakha calls for preparatory rituals involving bathing and shrouding the body accompanied by prayers and readings from the Hebrew Bible, and then a funeral service marked by eulogies and brief prayers, and then the lowering of the body into the grave and the filling of the grave. Traditional law and practice forbid cremation of the body; the Reform Jewish movement generally discourages cremation but does not outright forbid it.[24][25] Burial rites should normally take place as soon as possible and include: Bathing the dead body. Enshrouding the dead body. Men are shrouded with a kittel and then (outside the Land of Israel) with a tallit (shawl), while women are shrouded in a plain white cloth. Keeping watch over the dead body. Funeral service, including eulogies and brief prayers. Burial of the dead body in a grave.[24] Filling of the grave, traditionally done by family members and other participants at the funeral. In many communities, the deceased is positioned so that the feet face the Temple Mount in Jerusalem (in anticipation that the deceased will be facing the reconstructed Third Temple when the messiah arrives and resurrects the dead).[26] Sikh[edit] Find sources: "Funeral" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) In Sikhism death is not considered a natural process, an event that has absolute certainty and only happens as a direct result of God's Will or Hukam.[clarification needed] To a Sikh, birth and death are closely associated, because they are both part of the cycle of human life of "coming and going" ( ਆਵਣੁ ਜਾਣਾ, Aana Jaana) which is seen as transient stage towards Liberation ( ਮੋਖੁ ਦੁਆਰੁ, Mokh Du-aar), complete unity with God; Sikhs believe in reincarnation. The soul itself is not subject to the cycle of birth and death;[citation needed] death is only the progression of the soul on its journey from God, through the created universe and back to God again. In life a Sikh is expected to constantly remember death so that he or she may be sufficiently prayerful, detached and righteous to break the cycle of birth and death and return to God. The public display of grief by wailing or crying out loud at the funeral (called Antam Sanskar in the Sikh culture) is discouraged and should be kept to a minimum. Cremation is the preferred method of disposal, although if this is not possible other methods such as burial, or burial at sea, are acceptable. Markers such as gravestones, monuments,[citation needed] etc. are discouraged, because the body is considered to be only the shell and the person's soul is their real essence. On the day of the cremation, the body is washed and dressed and then taken to the Gurdwara or home where hymns (Shabads) from Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji, the Sikh Scriptures are recited by the congregation. Kirtan may also be performed by Ragis while the relatives of the deceased recite "Waheguru" sitting near the coffin. This service normally takes from 30 to 60 minutes. At the conclusion of the service, an Ardas is said before the coffin is taken to the cremation site. At the point of cremation, a few more Shabads may be sung and final speeches are made about the deceased person. The eldest son or a close relative generally lights the fire. This service usually lasts about 30 to 60 minutes. The ashes are later collected and disposed of by immersing them in the Punjab (five famous rivers in India). The ceremony in which the Sidharan Paath is begun after the cremation ceremony, may be held when convenient, wherever the Guru Granth Sahib is present. Hymns are sung from Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji. The first five and final verses of "Anand Sahib," the "Song of Bliss," are recited or sung. The first five verses of Sikhism's morning prayer, "Japji Sahib," are read aloud to begin the Sidharan paath. A hukam, or random verse, is read from Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji. Ardas, a prayer, is offered. Prashad, a sacred sweet, is distributed. Langar, a meal, is served to guests. While the Sidharan paath is being read, the family may also sing hymns daily. Reading may take as long as needed to complete the paath. This ceremony is followed by Sahaj Paath Bhog, Kirtan Sohila, night time prayer is recited for one week, and finally Ardas called the "Antim Ardas" ("Final Prayer") is offered the last week. Western funerals[edit] Classical antiquity[edit] Ancient Greece[edit] The lying in state of a body (prothesis) attended by family members, with the women ritually tearing their hair (Attic, latter 6th century BC) Main article: Ancient Greek funerals and burial The Greek word for funeral – kēdeía (κηδεία) – derives from the verb kēdomai (κήδομαι), that means attend to, take care of someone. Derivative words are also kēdemón (κηδεμών, "guardian") and kēdemonía (κηδεμονία, "guardianship"). From the Cycladic civilization in 3000BC until the Hypo-Mycenaean era in 1200–1100 BC the main practice of burial is interment. The cremation of the dead that appears around the 11th century BC constitutes a new practice of burial and is probably an influence from the East. Until the Christian era, when interment becomes again the only burial practice, both cremation and interment had been practiced depending on the area.[27] The ancient Greek funeral since the Homeric era included the próthesis (πρόθεσις), the ekphorá (ἐκφορά), the burial and the perídeipnon (περίδειπνον). In most cases, this process is followed faithfully in Greece until today.[28] Próthesis is the deposition of the body of the deceased on the funereal bed and the threnody of his relatives. Today the body is placed in the casket, that is always open in Greek funerals. This part takes place in the house where the deceased had lived. An important part of the Greek tradition is the epicedium, the mournful songs that are sung by the family of the deceased along with professional mourners (who are extinct in the modern era). The deceased was watched over by his beloved the entire night before the burial, an obligatory ritual in popular thought, which is maintained still. Ekphorá is the process of transport of the mortal remains of the deceased from his residence to the church, nowadays, and afterward to the place of burial. The procession in the ancient times, according to the law, should have passed silently through the streets of the city. Usually certain favourite objects of the deceased were placed in the coffin in order to "go along with him." In certain regions, coins to pay Charon, who ferries the dead to the underworld, are also placed inside the casket. A last kiss is given to the beloved dead by the family before the coffin is closed. Funeral with flowers on marble The Roman orator Cicero[29] describes the habit of planting flowers around the tomb as an effort to guarantee the repose of the deceased and the purification of the ground, a custom that is maintained until today. After the ceremony, the mourners return to the house of the deceased for the perídeipnon, the dinner after the burial. According to archaeological findings–traces of ash, bones of animals, shards of crockery, dishes and basins–the dinner during the classical era was also organized at the burial spot. Taking into consideration the written sources, however, the dinner could also be served in the houses.[30] Two days after the burial, a ceremony called "the thirds" was held. Eight days after the burial the relatives and the friends of the deceased assembled at the burial spot, where "the ninths" would take place, a custom still kept. In addition to this, in the modern era, memorial services take place 40 days, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 1 year after the death and from then on every year on the anniversary of the death. The relatives of the deceased, for an unspecified length of time that depends on them, are in mourning, during which women wear black clothes and men a black armband.[clarification needed] Ancient Rome[edit] Tomb of the Scipios, in use from the 3rd century BC to the 1st century AD Main article: Roman funerals and burial In ancient Rome, the eldest surviving male of the household, the pater familias, was summoned to the death-bed, where he attempted to catch and inhale the last breath of the decedent. Funerals of the socially prominent usually were undertaken by professional undertakers called libitinarii. No direct description has been passed down of Roman funeral rites. These rites usually included a public procession to the tomb or pyre where the body was to be cremated. The surviving relations bore masks bearing the images of the family's deceased ancestors. The right to carry the masks in public eventually was restricted to families prominent enough to have held curule magistracies. Mimes, dancers, and musicians hired by the undertakers, and professional female mourners, took part in these processions. Less well-to-do Romans could join benevolent funerary societies (collegia funeraticia) that undertook these rites on their behalf. Nine days after the disposal of the body, by burial or cremation, a feast was given (cena novendialis) and a libation poured over the grave or the ashes. Since most Romans were cremated, the ashes typically were collected in an urn and placed in a niche in a collective tomb called a columbarium (literally, "dovecote"). During this nine-day period, the house was considered to be tainted, funesta, and was hung with Taxus baccata or Mediterranean Cypress branches to warn passersby. At the end of the period, the house was swept out to symbolically purge it of the taint of death. Several Roman holidays commemorated a family's dead ancestors, including the Parentalia, held February 13 through 21, to honor the family's ancestors; and the Feast of the Lemures, held on May 9, 11, and 13, in which ghosts (larvae) were feared to be active, and the pater familias sought to appease them with offerings of beans. The Romans prohibited cremation or inhumation within the sacred boundary of the city (pomerium), for both religious and civil reasons, so that the priests might not be contaminated by touching a dead body, and that houses would not be endangered by funeral fires. Restrictions on the length, ostentation, expense of, and behaviour during funerals and mourning gradually were enacted by a variety of lawmakers. Often the pomp and length of rites could be politically or socially motivated to advertise or aggrandise a particular kin group in Roman society. This was seen as deleterious to society and conditions for grieving were set. For instance, under some laws, women were prohibited from loud wailing or lacerating their faces and limits were introduced for expenditure on tombs and burial clothes. The Romans commonly built tombs for themselves during their lifetime. Hence these words frequently occur in ancient inscriptions, V.F. Vivus Facit, V.S.P. Vivus Sibi Posuit. The tombs of the rich usually were constructed of marble, the ground enclosed with walls, and planted around with trees. But common sepulchres usually were built below ground, and called hypogea. There were niches cut out of the walls, in which the urns were placed; these, from their resemblance to the niche of a pigeon-house, were called columbaria. North American funerals[edit] Within the United States and Canada, in most cultural groups and regions, the funeral rituals can be divided into three parts: visitation, funeral, and the burial service. A home funeral (services prepared and conducted by the family, with little or no involvement from professionals) is legal in nearly every part of North America, but in the 21st century, they are uncommon in the US.[31] A western-style funeral motorcade for a member of a high-ranking military family in South Korea. Visitation[edit] At the visitation (also called a "viewing", "wake" or "calling hours"), in Christian or secular Western custom, the body of the deceased person (or decedent) is placed on display in the casket (also called a coffin, however almost all body containers are caskets). The viewing often takes place on one or two evenings before the funeral. In the past, it was common practice to place the casket in the decedent's home or that of a relative for viewing. This practice continues in many areas of Ireland and Scotland. The body is traditionally dressed in the decedent's best clothes. In recent times there has been more variation in what the decedent is dressed in – some people choose to be dressed in clothing more reflective of how they dressed in life. The body will often be adorned with common jewelry, such as watches, necklaces, brooches, etc. The jewelry may be taken off and given to the family of the deceased prior to burial or be buried with the deceased. Jewelry has to be removed before cremation in order to prevent damage to the crematory. The body may or may not be embalmed, depending upon such factors as the amount of time since the death has occurred, religious practices, or requirements of the place of burial. The most commonly prescribed aspects of this gathering are that the attendees sign a book kept by the deceased's survivors to record who attended. In addition, a family may choose to display photographs taken of the deceased person during his/her life (often, formal portraits with other family members and candid pictures to show "happy times"), prized possessions and other items representing his/her hobbies and/or accomplishments. A more recent trend is to create a DVD with pictures and video of the deceased, accompanied by music, and play this DVD continuously during the visitation. The viewing is either "open casket", in which the embalmed body of the deceased has been clothed and treated with cosmetics for display; or "closed casket", in which the coffin is closed. The coffin may be closed if the body was too badly damaged because of an accident or fire or other trauma, deformed from illness, if someone in the group is emotionally unable to cope with viewing the corpse, or if the deceased did not wish to be viewed. In cases such as these, a picture of the deceased, usually a formal photo, is placed atop the casket. The tombstone of Yossele the Holy Miser. According to Jewish bereavement tradition, the dozens of stones on his tombstone mark respect for the Holy Miser. However, this step is foreign to Judaism; Jewish funerals are held soon after death (preferably within a day or two, unless more time is needed for relatives to come), and the corpse is never displayed. Torah law forbids embalming.[32] Traditionally flowers (and music) are not sent to a grieving Jewish family as it is a reminder of the life that is now lost. The Jewish shiva tradition discourages family members from cooking, so food is brought by friends and neighbors.[23] (See also Jewish bereavement.) The decedent's closest friends and relatives who are unable to attend frequently send flowers to the viewing, with the exception of a Jewish funeral,[33] where flowers would not be appropriate (donations are often given to a charity instead). Obituaries sometimes contain a request that attendees do not send flowers (e.g. "In lieu of flowers"). The use of these phrases has been on the rise for the past century. In the US in 1927, only 6% of the obituaries included the directive, with only 2.2% of those mentioned charitable contributions instead. By the middle of the century, they had grown to 14.5%, with over 54% of those noting a charitable contribution as the preferred method of expressing sympathy.[34] Today, well over 87% of them have such a note – but those statistics vary demographically.[citation needed] The viewing typically takes place at a funeral home, which is equipped with gathering rooms where the viewing can be conducted, although the viewing may also take place at a church. The viewing may end with a prayer service; in a Roman Catholic funeral, this may include a rosary. A visitation is often held the evening before the day of the funeral. However, when the deceased person is elderly the visitation may be held immediately preceding the funeral. This allows elderly friends of the deceased a chance to view the body and attend the funeral in one trip, since it may be difficult for them to arrange travel; this step may also be taken if the deceased has few survivors or the survivors want a funeral with only a small number of guests.[citation needed] Funeral[edit] Traditional flower arrangement for funeral (Denmark) A memorial service, often called a funeral, is often officiated by clergy from the decedent's, or bereaved's, church or religion. A funeral may take place at either a funeral home, church, or crematorium or cemetery chapel. A funeral is held according to the family's choosing, which may be a few days after the time of death, allowing family members to attend the service. This type of memorial service is most common for Christians, and Roman Catholics call it a mass when Eucharist (communion) is offered, the casket is closed and a priest says prayers and blessings. A Roman Catholic funeral must take place in a parish church (usually that of the deceased, or that of the family grave, or a parish to which the deceased had special links). Sometimes family members or friends of the dead will say something. If the funeral service takes place in the funeral home (mostly it takes place in the funeral home's chapel) it can be directed by a clergy (mostly for Protestant churches and sometimes for Catholic churches) or hosted by a very close family member most common a parent. In some traditions if this service takes place in a funeral home it is the same if it would take place in a church. These services if taking place in a funeral home consists of prayers, blessings and eulogies from the family. The open-casket service (which is common in North America) allows mourners to have a final opportunity to view the deceased and say good-bye. There is an order of precedence when approaching the casket at this stage that usually starts with the immediate family (siblings, parents, spouse, children); followed by other mourners, after which the immediate family may file past again, so they are the last to view their loved one before the coffin is closed. This opportunity can take place immediately before the service begins, or at the very end of the service.[35] A Roman Catholic funeral must be closed-casket, and relatives are expected to attend the few days before the service.[citation needed] Open casket funerals and visitations are very rare in some countries, such as the United Kingdom and most European countries, where it is usual for only close relatives to actually see the deceased person and not uncommon for no one to do so. The funeral service itself is almost invariably closed casket. Funeral homes are generally not used for funeral services, which are almost exclusively held in a church, cemetery, or crematorium chapel. The deceased is usually transported from the funeral home to a church in a hearse, a specialized vehicle designed to carry casketed remains. The deceased is often transported in a procession (also called a funeral cortège), with the hearse, funeral service vehicles, and private automobiles traveling in a procession to the church or other location where the services will be held. In a number of jurisdictions, special laws cover funeral processions – such as requiring most other vehicles to give right-of-way to a funeral procession. Funeral service vehicles may be equipped with light bars and special flashers to increase their visibility on the roads. They may also all have their headlights on, to identify which vehicles are part of the cortege, although the practice also has roots in ancient Roman customs.[36] After the funeral service, if the deceased is to be buried the funeral procession will proceed to a cemetery if not already there. If the deceased is to be cremated, the funeral procession may then proceed to the crematorium. Beethoven's funeral as depicted by Franz Xaver Stöber. Religious funeral services commonly include prayers, readings from a sacred text, hymns (sung either by the attendees or a hired vocalist) and words of comfort by the clergy. Frequently, a relative or close friend will be asked to give a eulogy, which details happy memories and accomplishments rather than criticism. Sometimes the eulogy is delivered by clergy. Church bells may also be tolled both before and after the service. In some religious denominations, for example, Roman Catholic, and Anglican, eulogies from loved ones are somewhat discouraged during this service. In such cases, the eulogy is only done by a member of the clergy. This tradition is giving way to eulogies read by family members or friends. In these religions the coffin is traditionally closed at the end of the wake and is not re-opened for the funeral service.[citation needed] During the funeral and at the burial service, the casket may be covered with a large arrangement of flowers, called a casket spray. If the deceased served in a branch of the armed forces, the casket may be covered with a national flag; however, in the US, nothing should cover the national flag according to Title 4, United States Code, Chapter 1, Paragraph 8i. If the funeral service is held in a church, the casket is normally covered in a white pall, which recalls the white garments of baptism. Funeral customs vary from country to country. In the United States, any type of noise other than quiet whispering or mourning is considered disrespectful. A traditional fire department funeral consists of two raised aerial ladders.[37] The firefighter(s) travel under the aerials on their ride, on the fire apparatus, to the cemetery. Once there, the grave service includes the playing of bagpipes. The pipes have come to be a distinguishing feature of a fallen hero's funeral. Also a "Last Alarm Bell" is rung. A portable fire department bell is tolled at the conclusion of the ceremony. Burial service[edit] John Everett Millais – The Vale of Rest At a religious burial service, conducted at the side of the grave, tomb, mausoleum or cremation, the body of the decedent is buried or cremated at the conclusion. Sometimes, the burial service will immediately follow the funeral, in which case a funeral procession travels from the site of the memorial service to the burial site. In some other cases, the burial service is the funeral, in which case the procession might travel from the cemetery office to the grave site. Other times, the burial service takes place at a later time, when the final resting place is ready, if the death occurred in the middle of winter. If the decedent served in a branch of the Armed forces, military rites are often accorded at the burial service. In many religious traditions, pallbearers, usually males who are relatives or friends of the decedent, will carry the casket from the chapel (of a funeral home or church) to the hearse, and from the hearse to the site of the burial service. The pallbearers often sit in a special reserved section during the memorial service. Most religions expect coffins to be kept closed during the burial ceremony. In Eastern Orthodox funerals, the coffins are reopened just before burial to allow mourners to look at the deceased one last time and give their final farewells. Greek funerals are an exception as the coffin is open during the whole procedure unless the state of the body does not allow it. Medieval depiction of a royal body being laid in a coffin. Morticians may ensure that all jewelry, including wristwatch, that were displayed at the wake are in the casket before it is buried or entombed. Custom requires that everything goes into the ground; however this is not true for Jewish services. Jewish tradition stipulates that nothing of value is buried with the deceased. In the case of cremation such items are usually removed before the body goes into the furnace. Pacemakers are removed prior to cremation – if left in they could explode. Private services[edit] The family of the deceased may wish to have only a very small, private service, with just the deceased's closest family members and friends attending. This type of ceremony is not open to the public, but only to those invited. Memorial services[edit] Order of exercises, local memorial service in Nashua, New Hampshire for U.S. President William McKinley on September 19, 1901, shortly after his assassination. A memorial service, or a commemoration is one given for the deceased when the body is not present. The service takes place after cremation or burial at sea, after donation of the body to an academic or research institution, or after the ashes have been scattered. It is also significant when the person is missing and presumed dead, or known to be deceased though the body is not recoverable. These services often take place at a funeral home; however, they can be held in a home, school, workplace, church or other location of some significance. A memorial service may include speeches (eulogies), prayers, poems, or songs to commemorate the deceased. Pictures of the deceased and flowers are usually placed where the coffin would normally be placed. After the sudden deaths of important public officials, public memorial services have been held by communities, including those without any specific connection to the deceased. For examples, community memorial services were held after the assassinations of US presidents James A. Garfield and William McKinley. European funerals[edit] England[edit] In England, funerals are commonly held at a church, crematorium or cemetery chapel.[38] Historically, it was customary to bury the dead, but since the 1960s, cremation has been more common.[39] While there is no visitation ceremony like in North America, relatives may view the body beforehand at the funeral home. A room for viewing is usually called a chapel of rest.[40] Funerals typically last about half an hour.[41] They are sometimes split into two ceremonies: a main funeral and a shorter committal ceremony. In the latter, the coffin is either handed over to a crematorium[41] or buried in a cemetery.[42] This allows the funeral to be held at a place without cremation or burial facilities. Alternatively, the entire funeral may be held in the chapel of the crematorium or cemetery. It is not customary to view a cremation; instead, the coffin may be hidden with curtains towards the end of the funeral.[41] After the funeral, it is common for the mourners to gather for refreshments. This is sometimes called a wake, though this is different to how to the term is used in other countries, where a wake is a ceremony before the funeral.[38] Finland[edit] In Finland, religious funerals (hautajaiset) are quite ascetic. The local priest or minister says prayers and blesses the deceased in their house. The mourners (saattoväki) traditionally bring food to the mourners' house. Nowadays the deceased is put into the coffin in the place where they died. The undertaker will pick up the coffin and place it in the hearse and drive it to the funeral home, while the closest relatives or friends of the deceased will follow the hearse in a funeral procession in their own cars. The coffin will be held at the funeral home until the day of the funeral. The funeral services may be divided into two parts. First is the church service (siunaustilaisuus) in a cemetery chapel or local church, then the burial. Iceland[edit] Further information: Icelandic funeral Italy[edit] The majority of Italians are Roman Catholic and follow Catholic funeral traditions. Historically, mourners would walk in a funeral procession to the gravesite; today vehicles are used. Greece[edit] This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2018) Poland[edit] See also: Catholic funeral In Poland, in urban areas, there are usually two, or just one “stop”. The body, brought by a hearse from the mortuary, may be taken to a church or to a cemetery chapel, Then there is a funeral mass or service at cemetery chapel. Following the mass or Service the casket is carried in procession (usually on foot) on a hearse to the grave. Once at the gravesite, the priest will commence the graveside committal service and the casket is lowered. The mass or service usually takes place at the cemetery. In some traditional rural areas, the wake (czuwanie) takes place in the house of the deceased or their relatives. The body lies in state for three days in the house.The funeral usually takes place on the third day. Family, neighbors and friends gather and pray during the day and night on those three days and nights. There are usually three stages in the funeral ceremony (ceremonia pogrzebowa, pogrzeb): the wake (czuwanie), then the body is carried by procession (usually on foot) or people drive in their own cars to the church or cemetery chapel for mass, and another procession by foot to the gravesite. After the funeral, families gather for a post-funeral get-together (stypa). It can be at the family home, or at a function hall. In Poland cremation is less popular because the Catholic Church in Poland prefers traditional burials (though cremation is allowed). Cremation is more popular among non-religious and Protestants in Poland. Russia[edit] Further information: Russian traditions and superstitions Scotland[edit] An old funeral rite from the Scottish Highlands involved burying the deceased with a wooden plate resting on his chest. On the plate were placed a small amount of earth and salt, to represent the future of the deceased. The earth hinted that the body would decay and become one with the earth, while the salt represented the soul, which does not decay. This rite was known as "earth laid upon a corpse". This practice was also carried out in Ireland, as well as in parts of England, particularly in Leicestershire, although in England the salt was intended to prevent air from distending the corpse.[43] Spain[edit] In Spain, a burial or cremation may occur very soon after a death. Most Spaniards are Roman Catholics and follow Catholic funeral traditions. First, family and friends sit with the deceased during the wake until the burial. Wakes are a social event and a time to laugh and honor the dead. Following the wake comes the funeral mass (Tanatorio) at the church or cemetery chapel. Following the mass is the burial. The coffin is then moved from the church to the local cemetery, often with a procession of locals walking behind the hearse. Wales[edit] Traditionally, a good funeral (as they were called) had one draw the curtains for a period of time; at the wake, when new visitors arrived, they would enter from the front door and leave through the back door. The women stayed at home whilst the men attended the funeral, the village priest would then visit the family at their home to talk about the deceased and to console them.[44] The first child of William Price, a Welsh Neo-Druidic priest, died in 1884. Believing that it was wrong to bury a corpse, and thereby pollute the earth, Price decided to cremate his son's body, a practice which had been common in Celtic societies. The police arrested him for the illegal disposal of a corpse.[45] Price successfully argued in court that while the law did not state that cremation was legal, it also did not state that it was illegal. The case set a precedent that, together with the activities of the newly-founded Cremation Society of Great Britain, led to the Cremation Act 1902.[46] The Act imposed procedural requirements before a cremation could occur and restricted the practice to authorised places.[47] Other types of funerals[edit] The burial of a bird Celebration of life[edit] A growing number of families choose to hold a life celebration or celebration of life[48][49] event for the deceased in addition to or instead of a traditional funeral. Such ceremonies may be held outside the funeral home or place of worship; restaurants, parks, pubs and sporting facilities are popular choices based on the specific interests of the deceased.[50] Celebrations of life focus on a life that was lived, including the person's best qualities, interests, achievements and impact, rather than mourning a death.[48] Some events are portrayed as joyous parties, instead of a traditional somber funeral. Taking on happy and hopeful tones, celebrations of life discourage wearing black and focus on the deceased's individuality.[48] An extreme example might have "a fully stocked open bar, catered food, and even favors."[49] Notable recent celebrations of life ceremonies include those for René Angélil[51] and Maya Angelou.[52] Jazz funeral[edit] Main article: Jazz funeral Originating in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S., alongside the emergence of jazz music in late 19th and early 20th centuries, the jazz funeral is a traditionally African-American burial ceremony and celebration of life unique to New Orleans that involves a parading funeral procession accompanied by a brass band playing somber hymns followed by upbeat jazz music. Traditional jazz funerals begin with a processional led by the funeral director, family, friends, and the brass band, i.e., the "main line", who march from the funeral service to the burial site while the band plays slow dirges and Christian hymns. After the body is buried, or "cut loose", the band begins to play up-tempo, joyful jazz numbers, as the main line parades through the streets and crowds of "second liners" join in and begin dancing and marching along, transforming the funeral into a street festival.[53] Green[edit] Photograph (1871–2) of a Toda green funeral. Main article: Natural burial The terms "green burial" and "natural burial", used interchangeably, apply to ceremonies that aim to return the body with the earth with little to no use of artificial, non-biodegradable materials. As a concept, the idea of uniting an individual with the natural world after he or she dies appears as old as human death itself, being widespread before the rise of the funeral industry. Holding environmentally-friendly ceremonies as a modern concept first attracted widespread attention in the 1990s. In terms of North America, the opening of the first explicitly "green" burial cemetery in the U.S. took place in the state of South Carolina. However, the Green Burial Council, which came into being in 2005, has based its operations out of California. The instition works to officially certifies burial practices for funeral homes and cemeteries, making sure that appropriate materials are used.[54] Religiously, some adherents of the Roman Catholic Church often have particular interest in "green" funerals given the faith's preference to full burial of the body as well as the theological commitments to care for the environment stated in Catholic social teaching.[54] Those with concerns about the effects on the environment of traditional burial or cremation may be placed into a natural bio-degradable green burial shroud. That, in turn, sometimes gets placed into a simple coffin made of cardboard or other easily biodegradable material. Furthermore, individuals may choose their final resting place to be in a specially designed park or woodland, sometimes known as an "ecocemetery", and may have a tree or other item of greenery planted over their grave both as a contribution to the environment and a symbol of remembrance. Humanist and otherwise not religiously affiliated[edit] Humanists UK organises a network of humanist funeral celebrants or officiants across England and Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Channel Islands[55] and a similar network is organised by the Humanist Society Scotland. Humanist officiants are trained and experienced in devising and conducting suitable ceremonies for non-religious individuals.[56] Humanist funerals recognise no "afterlife", but celebrate the life of the person who has died.[55] In the twenty-first century, humanist funerals were held for well-known people including Claire Rayner,[57] Keith Floyd,[58][59] Linda Smith,[60] and Ronnie Barker.[61] In areas outside of the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland has featured an increasing number of non-religious funeral arrangements according to publications such as Dublin Live. This has occurred in parallel with a trend of increasing numbers of people carefully scripting their own funerals before they die, writing the details of their own ceremonies. The Irish Association of Funeral Directors has reported that funerals without a religious focus occur mainly in more urbanized areas in contrast to rural territories.[62] Notable secular-based funerals have been held in other nations such as the Republic of Malta, in which civil rights activist and humanist Ramon Casha had a large scale event at the Radisson Blu Golden Sands resort devoted to laying him to rest. Although such non-religious ceremonies are "a rare scene in Maltese society" due to the large role of the Roman Catholic Church within that country's culture, according to Lovin Malta, "more and more Maltese people want to know about alternate forms of burial... without any religion being involved."[63][64] Actual events during secular funerals vary, but they frequently reflect upon the interests and personality of the deceased. For example, the ceremony for the aforementioned Keith Floyd, a restaurateur and television personality, included a reading of Rudyard Kipling's poetic work If— and a performance by musician Bill Padley.[58] Organizations such as the Irish Institute of Celebrants have stated that more and more regular individuals request training for administering funeral ceremonies, instead of leaving things to other individuals.[62] Civil[edit] See also: Institute of Civil Funerals Civil funerals are an alternative to religious or humanist ceremonies in the UK. Unlike a humanist funeral, a civil funeral can contain some religious content, such as hymns or reading if the family wish.[65] Police/fire services[edit] Traditional "crossed-ladders" for a fire department funeral Funerals specifically for fallen members of fire or police services are common in United States and Canada. These funerals involve honour guards from police forces and/or fire services from across the country and sometimes from overseas.[66] A parade of officers often precedes or follows the hearse carrying the fallen comrade.[66] Masonic[edit] A Masonic funeral is held at the request of a departed Mason or family member. The service may be held in any of the usual places or a Lodge room with committal at graveside, or the complete service can be performed at any of the aforementioned places without a separate committal. Freemasonry does not require a Masonic funeral. There is no single Masonic funeral service. Some Grand Lodges (it is a worldwide organisation) have a prescribed service. Some of the customs include the presiding officer wearing a hat while doing his part in the service, the Lodge members placing sprigs of evergreen on the casket, and a small white leather apron may being placed in or on the casket. The hat may be worn because it is Masonic custom (in some places in the world) for the presiding officer to have his head covered while officiating. To Masons the sprig of evergreen is a symbol of immortality. A Mason wears a white leather apron, called a "lambskin," on becoming a Mason, and he may continue to wear it even in death.[67][68] Asian funerals[edit] See also: Chinese funerary art, Chinese veneration of the dead, Ancestor veneration in China, wu (shaman), shi (personator), joss paper, and Culture of Vietnam § Funeral Funeral procession in Beijing, 1900 A traditional armband indicating seniority and lineage in relation to the deceased, a common practice in South Korea. In most East Asian, South Asian and many Southeast Asian cultures, the wearing of white is symbolic of death. In these societies, white or off-white robes are traditionally worn to symbolize that someone has died and can be seen worn among relatives of the deceased during a funeral ceremony. In Chinese culture, red is strictly forbidden as it is a traditionally symbolic color of happiness. Exceptions are sometimes made if the deceased has reached an advanced age such as 85, in which case the funeral is considered a celebration, where wearing white with some red is acceptable. Contemporary Western influence however has meant that dark-colored or black attire is now often also acceptable for mourners to wear (particularly for those outside the family). In such cases, mourners wearing dark colors at times may also wear a white or off-white armband or white robe. Contemporary South Korean funerals typically mix western culture with traditional Korean culture, largely depending on socio-economic status, region, and religion. In almost all cases, all related males in the family wear woven armbands representing seniority and lineage in relation to the deceased, and must grieve next to the deceased for a period of three days before burying the body. During this period of time, it is customary for the males in the family to personally greet all who come to show respect. While burials have been preferred historically, recent trends show a dramatic increase in cremations due to shortages of proper burial sites and difficulties in maintaining a traditional grave. The ashes of the cremated corpse are commonly stored in columbaria. In Japan[edit] Main article: Japanese funeral Sudangee or last offices being performed on a dead person, illustration from 1867 Most Japanese funerals are conducted with Buddhist and/or Shinto rites.[69] Many ritually bestow a new name on the deceased; funerary names typically use obsolete or archaic kanji and words, to avoid the likelihood of the name being used in ordinary speech or writing. The new names are typically chosen by a Buddhist priest, after consulting the family of the deceased. Most Japanese are cremated. Religious thought among the Japanese people is generally a blend of Shintō and Buddhist beliefs. In modern practice, specific rites concerning an individual's passage through life are generally ascribed to one of these two faiths. Funerals and follow-up memorial services fall under the purview of Buddhist ritual, and 90% Japanese funerals are conducted in a Buddhist manner. Aside from the religious aspect, a Japanese funeral usually includes a wake, the cremation of the deceased, and inclusion within the family grave. Follow-up services are then performed by a Buddhist priest on specific anniversaries after death. According to an estimate in 2005, 99.82% of all deceased Japanese are cremated.[70] In most cases the cremated remains are placed in an urn and then deposited in a family grave. In recent years however, alternative methods of disposal have become more popular, including scattering of the ashes, burial in outer space, and conversion of the cremated remains into a diamond that can be set in jewelry. In the Philippines[edit] Main article: Funeral practices and burial customs in the Philippines Funeral practices and burial customs in the Philippines encompass a wide range of personal, cultural, and traditional beliefs and practices which Filipinos observe in relation to death, bereavement, and the proper honoring, interment, and remembrance of the dead. These practices have been vastly shaped by the variety of religions and cultures that entered the Philippines throughout its complex history. Most if not all present-day Filipinos, like their ancestors, believe in some form of an afterlife and give considerable attention to honouring the dead.[71] Except amongst Filipino Muslims (who are obliged to bury a corpse less than 24 hours after death), a wake is generally held from three days to a week.[72] Wakes in rural areas are usually held in the home, while in urban settings the dead is typically displayed in a funeral home. Friends and neighbors bring food to the family, such as pancit noodles and bibingka cake; any leftovers are never taken home by guests, because of a superstition against it.[23] Apart from spreading the news about someone's death verbally,[72] obituaries are also published in newspapers. Although the majority of the Filipino people are Christians,[73] they have retained some traditional indigenous beliefs concerning death.[74][75] In Korea[edit] Yukgaejang is a spicy soup with a beef and vegetables in it. It is a Korean traditional food and served during funerals. In Korea, funerals are typically held for three days and different things are done in each day. The first day: on the day a person dies, the body is moved to a funeral hall. They prepare clothes for the body and put them into a chapel of rest. Then food is prepared for the deceased. It is made up of three bowls of rice and three kinds of Korean side dishes. Also, there has to be three coins and three straw shoes. This can be cancelled if the family of the dead person have a particular religion.[76] Soju is a Korean vodka and it is served during funerals. On the second day the funeral director washes the body and shrouding is done. Then, a family member of the dead person puts uncooked rice in the mouth of the body. This step does not have to be done if the family has a certain religion. After putting the rice in the mouth, the body is moved into a coffin. Family members, including close relatives, of the dead person will wear mourning clothing. Typically, mourning for a woman includes Korean traditional clothes, Hanbok, and mourning for man includes a suit. The color has to be black. The ritual ceremony begins when they are done with changing clothes and preparing foods for the dead person. The ritual ceremony is different depending on their religion. After the ritual ceremony family members will start to greet guests.[77] On the third day, the family decides whether to bury the body in the ground or cremate the body. If they decide to bury the body in the ground, three people from the family sprinkle dirt on the coffin three times. In case of cremation, there are no specific things to be done like ground burial. The only thing needed is a jar to place burned bones in and a place to keep the jar. Other than these facts, in Korea, people who come to the funeral bring condolence money. Also, a food called Yukgaejang is served to guests oftentimes with Korean alcohol called soju.[78] In Mongolia[edit] Like many other cultures, funeral practices in Mongolia are the most important rituals that they follow. They have mixed their rituals with Buddhists due to creating a new, unique way of death.[79] For Mongolians who are very strict when it comes to their traditions, there were three different ways of burial that families could choose from. The main one being open-air burial, and the others being cremation and embalming. There were many factors that went into deciding which funeral practice to do. These consisted of the family's social standing, the cause of death and the specific location they died at. The main people that were chosen to be embalmed were the people apart of the Lamaistic Church, by choosing this practice, they are usually buried in a sitting position. This would show that they would always be in the position of prayer. Also, more important people such as Nobles would be buried with weapons, horses and food in their coffins to help them prepare for the next world.[80] The coffin is built specifically designed by three to four relatives, mainly men. In order to determine how big the coffin will be, the builders bring planks to the hut that the dead is located and put together the box and the lid to go with it. The same people who help put together the coffin also help decorate the funeral. Most of this work is done after the sun goes down. With very specific instruction, they work on decorations inside the youngest daughters house. The reason for this is so the deceased is not disturbed at night.[81] In Vietnam[edit] In Vietnam, Buddhism is the most commonly practiced religion, however, most burial methods do not coincide with the Buddhist belief of cremation.[82] The body of the deceased is moved to a loved one's house and placed in an expensive coffin. The body usually stays there for about three days, allowing time for people to visit and place gifts in the mouth.[82] This stems from the Vietnamese belief that the dead should be surrounded by their family. This belief goes so far as to include superstition as well. If somebody is dying in Vietnamese culture, they are rushed home from the hospital so they can die there, because if they die away from home it is believed to be bad luck to take a corpse home.[83] Many services are also held in the Vietnamese burial practices. One is held before moving the coffin from the home and the other is held at the burial site.[84] After the burial of the loved one, incense is burned at the gravesite and respect is paid to all the nearby graves. Following this, the family and friends return to the home and enjoy a feast to celebrate the life of the recently departed.[84] Even after the deceased has been buried, the respect and honor continues. For the first 49 days after the burying, the family holds a memorial service every 7 days, where the family and friends come back together to celebrate the life of their loved one. After this, they meet again on the 100th day after the death, then 265 days after the death, and finally they meet on the anniversary of the death of their loved one, a whole year later, to continue to celebrate the glorious life of their recently departed.[85] African funerals[edit] Funerary dance ritual. A blacksmith carries the dressed body. Kapsiki people, North Cameroon. Ancient Egypt[edit] Main article: Ancient Egyptian funerary practices West African[edit] African funerals are usually open to many visitors. The custom of burying the dead in the floor of dwelling-houses has been to some degree prevalent on the Gold Coast of Africa. The ceremony depends on the traditions of the ethnicity the deceased belonged to. The funeral may last for as much as a week. Another custom, a kind of memorial, frequently takes place seven years after the person's death. These funerals and especially the memorials may be extremely expensive for the family in question. Cattle, sheep, goats, and poultry, may be offered and then consumed. The Ashanti and Akan ethnic groups in Ghana typically wear red and black during funerals. For special family members, there is typically a funeral celebration with singing and dancing to honor the life of the deceased. Afterwards, the Akan hold a sombre funeral procession and burial with intense displays of sorrow. Other funerals in Ghana are held with the deceased put in elaborate "fantasy coffins" colored and shaped after a certain object, such as a fish, crab, boat, and even airplanes.[85] The Kane Kwei Carpentry Workshop in Teshie, named after Seth Kane Kwei who invented this new style of coffin, has become an international reference for this form of art. Some diseases, such as Ebola can be spread by funerary customs including touching the dead.[86][87] However, safe burials can be achieved by following simple procedures. For example, letting relatives see the face of the dead before bodybags are closed and taking photographs, if desired, can greatly reduce the risk of infection without impacting too heavily on the customs of burial.[88][89][90] East African[edit] In Kenya funerals are an expensive undertaking. Keeping bodies in morgues to allow for fund raising is a common occurrence more so in urban areas. Some families opt to bury their dead in the countryside homes instead of urban cemeteries, thus spending more money on transporting the dead. Historical mausoleums[edit] China[edit] Tomb of Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi[edit] Main article: Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor Terracotta warriors of Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum. The first emperor of the Qin dynasty, Qin Shi Huang’s mausoleum is located in the Lintong District of Xi’an, Shaanxi Province. Qin Shi Huang's tomb is one of the World Heritage sites in China. Its remarkable feature and size have been known as one of the most important historical sites in China.[91] Qin Shi Huang is the first emperor who united China for the first time. The mausoleum was built in 247 BC after he became the emperor of Qin Dynasty. Ancient Chinese mausoleums have unique characteristics compared to other cultures. Ancient Chinese thought that the soul remains even after death, (immortal soul) regarded funeral practices as an important tradition.[92] From their long history, the construction of mausoleums has developed over time, creating monumental and massive ancient emperor's tomb. Archeologists have found more than 8,000 life-sized figures resembling an army surrounding the emperor's tomb.[93] The primary purpose of the placement of Terracotta Army is to protect the emperor's tomb. The figures were composed of clay and fragments of pottery. The Terracotta Army resembles the soldiers, horses, government officials, and even musicians. All of the figures were made so acutely and delicately. The arrangement and the weapons they are carrying resembled entirely to the real weapons at that time. Furthermore, their facial features weren't identical, but with unique features and details. Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties[edit] Main article: Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Ming Tomb in Beijing, China. The Imperial Tombs of Ming and Qing Dynasties are included as World Heritage Sites. The three Imperial Tombs of Qin Dynasty were additionally inscribed in 2000 and 2003.[94] The three tombs were all built in the 17th century. The tombs have been constructed to praise the emperors of Qing Dynasty and their ancestors. In tradition, Chinese have followed the Feng Shui to build and decorate the interior. All of the tombs are strictly made followed by the Feng Shui theory. Harmony between the architecture and the surrounding topographical structure were seen as an integral part of nature. According to the Feng Shi theory, to build a tomb, there must be a mountain on the northern side and low land on the south. In the west and east, a river must be located. The Imperial Tombs of Ming and Qing Dynasties clearly shows the cultural and architectural tradition that has swayed the area for more than 500 years. There is a great harmony between the surrounding nature and the architecture. In Chinese culture, the tombs were considered as a portal between the world of the living and the dead. Chinese believed that the portal would divide the soul into two parts. The half of the soul would go to heaven, and the other half would remain within the physical body.[95] Mutes and professional mourners[edit] Further information: Professional mourning From about 1600 to 1914 there were two professions in Europe now almost totally forgotten. The mute is depicted in art quite frequently but in literature is probably best known from Dickens's Oliver Twist. Oliver is working for Mr. Sowerberry when this conversation takes place: "There's an expression of melancholy in his face, my dear... which is very interesting. He would make a delightful mute, my love". And in Martin Chuzzlewit, Moult, the undertaker, states, "This promises to be one of the most impressive funerals,...no limitation of expense...I have orders to put on my whole establishment of mutes, and mutes come very dear, Mr Pecksniff." The main purpose of a funeral mute was to stand around at funerals with a sad, pathetic face. A symbolic protector of the deceased, the mute would usually stand near the door of the home or church. In Victorian times, mutes would wear somber clothing including black cloaks, top hats with trailing hatbands, and gloves.[96] The professional mourner, generally a woman, would shriek and wail (often while clawing her face and tearing at her clothing), to encourage others to weep. Forms of professional mourning are recorded from Ancient Greece,[97][98] and were commonly employed throughout Europe until the beginning of the nineteenth century. The 2003 award-winning Philippine comedy Crying Ladies revolves around the lives of three women who are part-time professional mourners for the Chinese-Filipino community in Manila's Chinatown. According to the film, the Chinese use professional mourners to help expedite the entry of a deceased loved one's soul into heaven by giving the impression that he or she was a good and loving person, well-loved by many. State funeral[edit] Main article: State funeral High-ranking national figures such as heads of state, prominent politicians, military figures, national heroes and eminent cultural figures may be offered state funerals. Final disposition[edit] Main article: Disposal of human corpses Common methods of disposal are: Burial of the entire body in the earth, often within a coffin or casket (also referred to as inhumation) Permanent storage in an above-ground tomb or mausoleum (also referred to as immurement) Cremation, which burns soft tissue and renders much of the skeleton to ash. The remains, known as "cremains" (a portmanteau of "cremated" and "remains") may contain larger pieces of bone which are ground in a machine to the consistency of ash. The ashes are commonly stored in an urn, or scattered on land or water. Self-planned funerals[edit] The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this section, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (April 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Some people choose to make their funeral arrangements in advance so that at the time of their death, their wishes are known to their family. However, the extent to which decisions regarding the disposition of a decedent's remains (including funeral arrangements) can be controlled by the decedent while still alive vary from one jurisdiction to another. In the United States, there are states which allow one to make these decisions for oneself if desired, for example by appointing an agent to carry out one's wishes; in other states, the law allows the decedent's next-of-kin to make the final decisions about the funeral without taking the wishes of the decedent into account.[99] The decedent may, in most U.S. jurisdictions, provide instructions as to the funeral by means of a last will and testament. These instructions can be given some legal effect if bequests are made contingent on the heirs carrying them out, with alternative gifts if they are not followed. This requires the will to become available in time; aspects of the disposition of the remains of US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt ran contrary to a number of his stated wishes, which were found in a safe that was not opened until after the funeral. Organ donation and body donation[edit] Some people donate their bodies to a medical school for use in research or education. Medical students frequently study anatomy from donated cadavers; they are also useful in forensic research.[100] Some medical conditions, such as amputations or various surgeries can make the cadaver unsuitable for these purposes; in other cases the bodies of people who had certain medical conditions are useful for research into those conditions. Many medical schools rely on the donation of cadavers for the teaching of anatomy.[101] It is also possible to donate organs and tissue after death, for treating the sick, or for research. Dead bell List of funerals Wake (ceremony) ^ "funeral". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) ^ a b c Hoy, William G. (2013). Do Funerals Matter? Purposes and Practices of Death Rituals in Global Perspective. Routledge. ISBN 9780415662055. ^ "The difference between funerals and celebrations of life - funerals often include flowers such as VineLily Moments or VineLily see www.vinelily.com. Funeral Costs Help". Funeral Costs Help. 30 July 2014. ^ a b c Paul Pettitt (August 2002). "When Burial Begins". British Archaeology. Archived from the original on 15 June 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2016. ^ Sommer, J. D. (1999). "The Shanidar IV 'Flower Burial': a Re-evaluation of Neanderthal Burial Ritual". Cambridge Archaeological Journal. 9 (1): 127–129. Bibcode:2008CArcJ..18..327P. doi:10.1017/S0959774300015249. ISSN 0959-7743. ^ Habenstein, Robert (1963). Funeral Customs the World Over. Milwaukee, WI: Bulfin. ^ Parkes, Colin M. (2015). Death an Bereavement Across Cultures, 2nd ed. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415522366. ^ Kitáb-i-Aqdas, p. 65 ^ Long, Thomas G. (2009). Accompany Them with Singing: The Christian Funeral. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664233198. ^ "Bereavement and Funerals - Music at funerals". US Conference of Catholic Bishops. Retrieved 7 September 2015. ^ "Bereavement and Funerals". US Conference of Catholic Bishops. Bereavement and Funerals. Retrieved 7 September 2015. ^ Antayesti Cologne Sanskrit Digital Lexicon, Germany ^ a b c d e Carl Olson (2007), The Many Colors of Hinduism: A Thematic-historical Introduction, Rutgers University Press, ISBN 978-0813540689, pages 99-100 ^ a b c J Fowler (1996), Hinduism: Beliefs and Practices, Sussex Academic Press, ISBN 978-1898723608, pages 59-60 ^ a b c Terje Oestigaard, in The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial (Editors: Sarah Tarlow, Liv Nilsson Stut), Oxford University Press, ISBN, pages 497-501 ^ Sanskrit: ऋग्वेद: सूक्तं १०.१६ Wikisource; Sukta XVI - Rigveda, English Translation: HH Wilson (Translator), pages 39-40; Wendy Doniger (1981), The Rig Veda, Penguin Classics, ISBN 978-0140449891, see chapter on Death ^ Sukta XVIII - Rigveda, English Translation: HH Wilson (Translator), pages 46-49 with footnotes; ^ a b Carrie Mercier (1998), Hinduism for Today, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0199172542, page 58 ^ Colin Parkes et al (2015), Death and Bereavement Across Cultures, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415522366, page 66-67 ^ Sahih al-Bukhari 1254 ^ Sahih Muslim 943 ^ a b c Price, Dawnthea. "How Do People Decide Which Snacks Belong at a Funeral?". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 2018-04-26. ^ a b "Jewish Funeral Traditions". Everplans. Retrieved 17 June 2014. ^ "What is Reform Judaism's position on cremation?". ReformJudaism.org. 2013-07-16. Retrieved 2018-02-28. ^ "Are Bodies Buried in a Specific Direction?". Retrieved November 9, 2014. ^ Lemos 2002: Lemos I., The Protogeometric Aegean. The Archaeology of the Late Eleventh and Tenth Centuries BC, Oxford ^ "IMS-FORTH: About IMS". www.ims.forth.gr. ^ "Marcus Tullius Cicero". www.history.com. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved 22 February 2019. ^ Ανώνυμος Πιστός και Απολογητής του Χριστού. "Apologitis.com". Apologitis.com. Retrieved 2013-05-21. ^ Parafiniuk-Talesnick, Tatiana. "When her 4-year-old son died, she wanted a home funeral. A professional didn't know that was possible". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2019-12-06. ^ "Torah law forbids embalming". Chabad.org. Retrieved 2013-05-21. ^ "Jewish Funeral and Mourning Customs" (PDF). whichfuneralplans.com. ^ A Centennial History of the AMERICAN FLORIST, a publication of Florists’ Review Enterprises, Inc., Frances Porterfield Dudley, Publisher, 1997. ^ Iserson 1994: 445. ^ Olmert, Michael (1996). Milton's Teeth and Ovid's Umbrella: Curiouser & Curiouser Adventures in History, p.34. Simon & Schuster, New York. ISBN 0-684-80164-7. ^ "Firefighter Funeral Terms". Funeralwise. Retrieved 2018-03-07. ^ a b "Planning a funeral service". Which? magazine. 2019-08-09. Retrieved 2019-10-01. ^ "National Cremation Statistics 1960-2017". The Cremation Society of Great Britain. 2018-08-03. Retrieved 2010-09-08. ^ Funeral Guide - Chapel of Rest ^ a b c "Planning a cremation service". Which? magazine. 2019-08-09. Retrieved 2019-10-01. ^ "Planning a burial". Which? magazine. 2019-08-09. Retrieved 2019-10-01. ^ "Salt", IN: The Table Book of Daily Recreation and Information; Concerning Remarkable Men, Manners, Times, Seasons, Solemnities, Merry-Makings, Antiquities and Novelties, Forming a Complete History of the Year, ed. William Hone, (London: 1827) p 262. Retrieved on 2008-07-02. ^ "A good Welsh funeral". BBC Wales. 28 October 2010. ^ Harris, Tim (2002-09-16). "Druid doc with a bee in his bonnet". theage.com.au. Melbourne. Retrieved 2007-02-03. ^ "Doctor William Price". Rhondda Cynon Taf Library Service. Retrieved 1 June 2012. ^ "Cremation Act, 1902". Retrieved 2007-02-03. ^ a b c "Happy funerals: A celebration of life? - BBC News". Retrieved 2016-07-08. ^ a b Lisson, Meghan (2013-01-29). "Here's to the Hereafter: Celebrating Life with a Party". Retrieved 2016-07-08. ^ "Eternally Loved, What is a celebration of life, 07 March 2016". Eternally Loved. 2016-03-07. Retrieved 2016-06-14. ^ Joshi, Priya (4 February 2016). "Celine Dion breaks down at celebration of life memorial service for late husband Rene Angelil". ibtimes.co.uk. ^ "RISING JOY: Friends, family honor Maya Angelou in ceremony - Wake Forest University School of Business". wfu.edu. ^ Sakakeeny, Matt (3 February 2011). David Johnson (ed.). "Jazz Funerals and Second Line Parades". knowlouisiana.org Encyclopedia of Louisiana. Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities. Retrieved 13 May 2017. ^ a b "Catholic Cemeteries to offer 'natural burial' option starting in fall - TheCatholicSpirit.com". thecatholicspirit.com. 21 May 2018. ^ a b "Humanist Funerals and Memorials". Humanism.org.uk. Retrieved 2013-05-21. ^ "Non-religious funerals". BBC. Retrieved 2013-05-21. ^ "Jennifer Lipman, Agony aunt Claire Rayner dies at age 79', Jewish Chronicle, 12 October 2010". Thejc.com. 2010-10-12. Retrieved 2013-05-21. ^ a b Haroon Siddique and agencies (2009-09-30). "Haroon Siddique, Mourners pay tribute to TV chef Keith Floyd at humanist funeral, The Guardian, 30 September 2009". Guardian. Retrieved 2013-05-21. ^ Count, The (2009-09-30). "Bristol Evening Post, Keith Floyd funeral in Bristol, 30 September 2009". Bristolpost.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2013-06-19. Retrieved 2013-05-21. ^ "Linda Smith: God, the biggest joke of all". Independent.co.uk. 2006-03-02. Retrieved 2013-05-21. ^ "BBC, Family funeral for Ronnie Barker, 13 October 2005". BBC News. 2005-10-13. Retrieved 2013-05-21. ^ a b Kelleher, Lynne (5 May 2018). "Rising number of people speaking from 'beyond the grave' by writing their own eulogies". Dublin Live. Retrieved 21 May 2018. ^ "Humanist chairman Ramon Casha gets both Catholic, secular funeral". The Malta Independent. 26 January 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2018. ^ "So, How Do You Organise A Civil, Secular Funeral In Malta Exactly?". lovinmalta.com. ^ "About Civil Funerals". Institute of Funeral Celebrants. Archived from the original on 2018-03-02. Retrieved 2014-02-19. Offered in England since April 2002, the Civil Funeral is a ceremony that reflects the beliefs and values of the deceased rather than those of the minister, officiant or Celebrant. ^ a b Sanders, William P. (2006). Law enforcement funeral manual a practical guide for law enforcement agencies when faced with the death of a member of their department (2nd ed.). Springfield, Ill.: C.C Thomas. ISBN 9780398084783. ^ Colon, Felix. "Masonic Funerals". THE MASONIC SERVICE ASSOCIATION. Retrieved 5 June 2014. ^ "HANDBOOK FOR MASONIC MEMORIAL SERVICES" (PDF). Grandlodgeofiowa.org. Retrieved 22 September 2018. ^ Nakata, Hiroko (2009-07-28). "Japan's funerals deep-rooted mix of ritual, form". The Japan Times Online. ISSN 0447-5763. Retrieved 2017-01-31. ^ "Cremation Society of G.B. – International Cremation Statistics 2005". Srgw.demon.co.uk. 2007-02-06. Retrieved 26 November 2014. ^ Filipinos and Funeral Traditions, Organ-ic Chemist, musical-chemist.blogspot.com, January 24, 2009 ^ a b Clark, Sandi. Death and Loss in the Philippines, Grief in a Family Context, HPER F460, Summer, 1998, indiana.edu ^ Guballa, Cathy Babao. Grief in the Filipino Family Context, indiana.edu ^ Pagampao, Karen. A Celebration of Death Among the Filipino Archived 2011-10-03 at the Wayback Machine, bosp.kcc.hawaii.edu ^ Tacio, Henrylito D. Death Practices Philippine Style Archived 2010-01-25 at the Wayback Machine, sunstar.com, October 30, 2005 ^ "ehanuel". Retrieved 2017-04-03. ^ Lee, Kwang Kyu (1984). "The Concept of Ancestors and Ancestor Worship in Korea". Nazan University. 43 (2): 199–214. doi:10.2307/1178009. ISSN 0385-2342. JSTOR 1178009. ^ "Seoul Site". Seoul Site. Retrieved 2017-04-03. ^ Stephen (2010-05-01). "Buddhist Death Rituals: Mongolian Death Rituals". Buddhist Death Rituals. Retrieved 2017-04-03. ^ "Mongolian practice of burial". www.welcome2mongolia.com. Archived from the original on 2017-04-04. Retrieved 2017-04-03. ^ "Objects and Substances of Funeral Mediation in Mongolia: Coffin, Miniature Yurt and Food Offerings". Objects and Substances of Funeral Mediation in Mongolia. 2015-04-08. Retrieved 2017-04-03. ^ a b "Burying the dead in Vietnam | Vietnam Reporter". vietnamreporter.com.au. Archived from the original on 2017-04-05. Retrieved 2017-04-03. ^ "Funerals. Important Traditions, Customs - Offroad Vietnam Adventures". Offroad Vietnam Adventures. Retrieved 2017-04-03. ^ a b "Death Rituals in Vietnamese Society — EthnoMed". ethnomed.org. Retrieved 2017-04-03. ^ a b "Funeral and Religious Customs". A-to-z-of-manners-and-etiquette.com. 1936-01-10. Retrieved 2013-05-21. ^ J, Shah, Jamie (22 September 2018). "The Dead Bodies of the West African Ebola Epidemic: Understanding the Importance of Traditional Burial Practices". Inquiries Journal. 7 (11). ^ "Kissing the Corpses in Ebola Country". thedailybeast.com. 13 August 2014. ^ Accessed 2014 https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/bringing-safer-burial-rituals-ebola-countries/ ^ Manguvo, Angellar; Mafuvadze, Benford (2015-10-10). "The impact of traditional and religious practices on the spread of Ebola in West Africa: time for a strategic shift". The Pan African Medical Journal. 22 (Suppl 1): 9. doi:10.11694/pamj.supp.2015.22.1.6190 (inactive 2019-12-06). ISSN 1937-8688. PMC 4709130. PMID 26779300. ^ Maxmen, Amy (2015-01-30). "How the Fight Against Ebola Tested a Culture's Traditions". National Geographic. Retrieved 2018-08-20. ^ Ma, Ying; Fuller, Benjamin T.; Sun, Weigang; Hu, Songmei; Chen, Liang; Hu, Yaowu; Richards, Michael P. Tracing the locality of prisoners and workers at the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang: First Emperor of China (259-210 BC). ^ Li, Shuang (1993). The funeral and Chinese culture. Bowling Green State University. pp. 113–120. ^ Liu, Nelson H. S., Charles Y. Liu, and Veronica Pagán. The Terra Cotta Army of Qin Shi Huang. World Neurosurgery. pp. 352–353. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties". whc.unesco.org. ^ Johnson, Mark M. "Imperial Tombs of China." Arts and Activities 119.4 (1996): 22. ProQuest. Web. 23 Apr. 2017. ^ Bertram S. Puckle, Funeral Customs: Their Origin and Development (London: T. W. Laurie, ltd., 1926) p. 66. ^ Nigel Wilson (31 October 2013). Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece. Routledge. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-136-78800-0. ^ Sue Blundell; Susan Blundell (1995). Women in Ancient Greece. Harvard University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-674-95473-1. ^ Who Has the Right to Make Decisions About Your Funeral?, www.qeepr.com, February 5, 2014 ^ "Body Donation FAQs". UK Human Tissue Authority. Archived from the original on 2009-04-14. Retrieved 2016-06-02. ^ Roach, Mary (2004). Stiff: The Curious Lives Of Human Cadavers. Penguin. ISBN 978-0141007458. ASIN 0141007451. Akyel, Dominic. From Detraditionalization to Price-consciousness: The Economization of Funeral Consumption in Germany. In Uwe Schimank and Ute Volkmann (ed.) The Marketization of Society: Economizing the Non-Economic. Bremen: Research Cluster “Welfare Societies”, 2012, pp. 105–124. Hoy, William G. (2013). Do Funerals Matter? The Purposes and Practices of Death Rituals in Global Perspective. New York: Routledge. Iserson, Kenneth V. (1994). Death to Dust: What Happens to Dead Bodies?. Tucson, AZ: Galen Press, Ltd. Long, Thomas G. (2009). Accompany Them with Singing: The Christian Funeral. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press. Roach, Mary (2004). Stiff: The Curious Lives Of Human Cadavers. Penguin. ISBN 978-0141007458. ASIN 0141007451. Wilson, Jane Wynne. Funerals Without God: A practical guide to humanist and non-religious funeral ceremonies. British Humanist Association. ASIN B00P2ZRS30. 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For other uses, see Kind of Blue (disambiguation). 1959 studio album by Miles Davis Studio album by August 17, 1959 (1959-08-17) March 2 and April 22, 1959 Columbia 30th Street Studio in New York City Modal jazz Irving Townsend Miles Davis chronology (1959) Kind of Blue (1959) Sketches of Spain Kind of Blue is a studio album by American jazz trumpeter Miles Davis. It was recorded on March 2 and April 22, 1959, at Columbia's 30th Street Studio in New York City, and released on August 17 of that year by Columbia Records. The album features Davis's ensemble sextet consisting of saxophonists John Coltrane and Julian "Cannonball" Adderley, pianist Bill Evans, bassist Paul Chambers, and drummer Jimmy Cobb, with new band pianist Wynton Kelly appearing on one track in place of Evans. In part owing to Evans' joining the sextet during 1958, Davis followed up on the modal experimentation of Milestones by basing Kind of Blue entirely on modality, departing further from his earlier work's hard bop style of jazz. Kind of Blue has been regarded by many critics as the greatest jazz record, Davis's masterpiece, and one of the best albums of all time. Its influence on music, including jazz, rock, and classical genres, has led writers to also deem it one of the most influential albums ever recorded. The album was one of fifty recordings chosen in 2002 by the Library of Congress to be added to the National Recording Registry, and in 2003 it was ranked number 12 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. It was voted number 14 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums 3rd Edition (2000). [1] Though precise figures have been disputed, Kind Of Blue is often cited as the best-selling jazz record of all time. In 2019, it was certified Quintuple Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of over five million copies. 2.1 Production credit 4 Reception and legacy 4.1 Influence 4.2 Davis in retrospect 5 Release history 6 Track listing 7 Personnel 9 Certifications By late 1958, Davis employed one of the most acclaimed and profitable working bands pursuing the hard bop style. Long-serving bassist Chambers had been with the band from its beginning in 1955; alto saxophonist Adderley had joined in the fall of 1957, with tenor saxophonist Coltrane returning at the beginning of 1958; pianist Evans had replaced Red Garland in April 1958, but quit in November to be replaced in turn by Kelly; and drummer Cobb had been hired in May 1958. The Davis band played a mixture of pop standards and bebop originals by Charlie Parker, Thelonious Monk, Dizzy Gillespie, and Tadd Dameron. As with all bebop-based jazz, Davis's groups improvised on the chord changes of a given song.[2] Davis was one of many jazz musicians growing dissatisfied with bebop, however, and saw its increasingly complex chord changes as hindering creativity.[3] In 1953, the pianist George Russell published his Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization,[4] which offered an alternative to the practice of improvisation based on chords and chord changes. Abandoning the traditional major and minor key relationships, the Lydian Chromatic Concept introduced the idea of chord/scale unity and was the first theory to explore the vertical relationship between chords and scales, as well as the only original theory to come from jazz. These insights helped lead the way to the "modal" approach in jazz.[5] Influenced by Russell's ideas, Davis implemented his first modal composition with the title track of his studio album Milestones (1958). Satisfied with the results, Davis prepared an entire album based on modality.[6] Pianist Evans, who had studied with Russell but had departed from the Davis group to pursue his own career, was drafted back into the new recording project, the sessions that would become Kind of Blue.[7] It must have been made in heaven. – Jimmy Cobb[8] Kind of Blue was recorded on three-track tape in two sessions at Columbia Records' 30th Street Studio in New York City. On March 2, 1959, the tracks "So What", "Freddie Freeloader", and "Blue in Green" were recorded for side one of the original LP, and on April 22 the tracks "All Blues" and "Flamenco Sketches" were recorded, making up side two.[9] As was Davis's penchant, he called for almost no rehearsal and the musicians had little idea what they were to record. As described in the original liner notes by pianist Bill Evans, Davis had only given the band sketches of scales and melody lines on which to improvise.[8] Once the musicians were assembled, Davis gave brief instructions for each piece and then set to taping the sextet in studio. While the results were impressive with so little preparation, the persistent legend that the entire album was recorded in one pass is untrue.[8] Only "Flamenco Sketches" yielded a complete take on the first try. That take, not the master, was issued in 1997 as a bonus alternate take.[8] The five master takes issued, however, were the only other complete takes; an insert for the ending to "Freddie Freeloader" was recorded, but was not used for release or on the issues of Kind of Blue prior to the 1997 reissue.[8] Pianist Wynton Kelly may not have been happy to see the man he replaced, Bill Evans, back in his old seat. Perhaps to assuage the pianist's feelings, Davis had Kelly play instead of Evans on the album's most blues-oriented number, "Freddie Freeloader".[8] The live album Miles Davis at Newport 1958 documents this band. However, the Newport Jazz Festival recording on July 3, 1958, reflects the band in its hard bop conception, the presence of Bill Evans only six weeks into his brief tenure in the Davis band notwithstanding, rather than the modal approach of Kind of Blue.[10] Production credit[edit] Kind of Blue was produced by Columbia staff producer Irving Townsend.[11]:195 However, over the years there has been confusion, with Davis's subsequent producer Teo Macero getting partial or full credit. "In the case of Kind of Blue there were two producers: Teo Macero and Irving Townsend", said jazz historian Eric Nisenson. "Macero's role, however, was clearly that of an apprentice and observer." The recording session was also cited by Nisenson as Macero's first experience with "the highs and lows of working with Miles." From Macero's own recollection, his involvement in the recording included "box[ing] everyone in so that there would be a physical closeness among the musicians, not like today when the musicians are spread all over the place."[12] According to High Fidelity, "though his role in Kind of Blue has been disputed", the recording was "made under the auspices" of Macero.[13] However, it is Townsend's voice heard on the session tapes, who became Davis's producer after the departures of George Avakian and Cal Lampley. Macero did not produce Davis until after Townsend took over West Coast production duties for Columbia Records, when Macero took his place.[11]:90 Macero's first Davis production was his next record, Sketches of Spain.[11]:166 The original LP did not credit a producer.[14] The first release with a producer credit was the 1987 CD, which credited only Macero.[15] However, this was in error; Macero only produced that reissue, not the sessions for the original album.[11]:195 The 1997 MiniDisc reissue credited both Townsend and Macero,[16] but the subsequent 1997,[17] 1999,[18] 2004,[19] 2008,[20] and 2015[21] reissues all correctly credit only Townsend. Composition[edit] Kind of Blue is based entirely on modality, in contrast to Davis's earlier work with the hard bop style of jazz and its complex chord progression and improvisation.[6] The entire album was composed as a series of modal sketches, in which each performer was given a set of scales that defined the parameters of their improvisation and style.[22] This style was in contrast to more typical means of composing, such as providing musicians with a complete score or, as was more common for improvisational jazz, providing the musicians with a chord progression or series of harmonies.[3] Modal jazz of this type was not unique to this album. Davis himself had previously used the same method on his 1958 Milestones album, the '58 Sessions, and Porgy and Bess (1958), on which he used modal influences for collaborator Gil Evans's third stream compositions.[3] Modal composition, with its reliance on scales and modes, represented, as Davis called it,[3] "a return to melody."[22] In a 1958 interview with Nat Hentoff of The Jazz Review, Davis elaborated on this form of composition in contrast to the chord progression predominant in bebop, stating No chords ... gives you a lot more freedom and space to hear things. When you go this way, you can go on forever. You don't have to worry about changes and you can do more with the [melody] line. It becomes a challenge to see how melodically innovative you can be. When you're based on chords, you know at the end of 32 bars that the chords have run out and there's nothing to do but repeat what you've just done—with variations. I think a movement in jazz is beginning away from the conventional string of chords ... there will be fewer chords but infinite possibilities as to what to do with them.[3] As noted by Bill Evans in the LP liner notes, "Miles conceived these settings only hours before the recording dates."[9] Evans continued with an introduction concerning the modes used in each composition on the album. "So What" consists of two modes: sixteen measures of the first, followed by eight measures of the second, and then eight again of the first.[9] "Freddie Freeloader" is a standard twelve-bar blues form. "Blue in Green" consists of a ten-measure cycle following a short four-measure introduction.[9] "All Blues" is a twelve-bar blues form in 6 8 time. "Flamenco Sketches" consists of five scales, which are each played "as long as the soloist wishes until he has completed the series".[9] The liner notes list Davis as writer of all compositions, but many scholars and fans believe that Bill Evans wrote part or the whole of "Blue in Green" and "Flamenco Sketches".[23] Bill Evans assumed co-credit with Davis for "Blue in Green" when recording it on his Portrait in Jazz album and the Davis estate acknowledged Evans' authorship in 2002.[24] The practice of a band leader's appropriating authorship of a song written by a sideman occurred frequently in the jazz world. For example, legendary saxophonist Charlie Parker took a songwriting credit for the tune "Donna Lee", written by Davis while he was working in Charlie Parker's quintet in the late 1940s.[25] The composition later became a popular jazz standard. Another example is the introduction to "So What", attributed to Gil Evans, which is closely based on the opening measures of French composer Claude Debussy's Voiles (1910), the second prelude from his first collection of preludes.[26] Reception and legacy[edit] Retrospective professional reviews AllMusic [27] Encyclopedia of Popular Music [28] Entertainment Weekly A+[29] MusicHound Jazz 5/5[28] The Penguin Guide to Jazz [30] Pitchfork 10/10[31] PopMatters 10/10[32] Q [33] The Rolling Stone Album Guide [34] Sputnikmusic 5/5[35] Since its release on August 17, 1959,[36] Kind of Blue has been regarded by many critics as Davis's greatest work; it is his most acclaimed album, and has been cited as the best-selling jazz record released,[37][38] despite later claims attributing the achievement to Davis's first official gold record Bitches Brew (1970).[39][40][41] Music writer Chris Morris cited Kind of Blue as "the distillation of Davis's art."[42] Kind of Blue has also been noted as one of the most influential albums in the history of jazz. One reviewer has called it a "defining moment of twentieth century music."[43] Several of the songs from the album have become jazz standards. Kind of Blue is consistently ranked among the greatest albums of all time.[44] In a review of the album, AllMusic senior editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine stated: Kind of Blue isn't merely an artistic highlight for Miles Davis, it's an album that towers above its peers, a record generally considered as the definitive jazz album, a universally acknowledged standard of excellence. Why does Kind of Blue possess such a mystique? Perhaps because this music never flaunts its genius. ... It's the pinnacle of modal jazz — tonality and solos build from the overall key, not chord changes, giving the music a subtly shifting quality. ... It may be a stretch to say that if you don't like Kind of Blue, you don't like jazz — but it's hard to imagine it as anything other than a cornerstone of any jazz collection.[27] In 1958, however, the arrival of Ornette Coleman on the jazz scene via his fall residency at the Five Spot club, consolidated by the release of his The Shape of Jazz to Come LP in 1959, muted the initial impact of Kind of Blue, a happenstance that irritated Davis greatly.[45] Though Davis and Coleman both offered alternatives to the rigid rules of bebop, Davis would never reconcile himself to Coleman's free jazz innovations, although he would incorporate musicians amenable to Coleman's ideas with his great quintet of the mid-1960s, and offer his own version of "free" playing with his jazz fusion outfits in the 1970s.[46] The influence of Kind of Blue did build, and all of the sidemen from the album went on to achieve success on their own. Evans formed his influential jazz trio with bassist Scott LaFaro and drummer Paul Motian; "Cannonball" Adderley fronted popular bands with his brother Nat; Kelly, Chambers and Cobb continued as a touring unit, recording under Kelly's name as well as in support of Coltrane and Wes Montgomery, among others; and Coltrane went on to become one of the most revered and innovative of all jazz musicians. Even more than Davis, Coltrane took the modal approach and ran with it during his career as a leader in the 1960s, leavening his music with Coleman's ideas as the decade progressed.[47] According to Acclaimed Music, Kind of Blue is the 49th most ranked record on critics' all-time lists.[48] In 1994, the album was ranked number one in Colin Larkin's Top 100 Jazz Albums. Larkin described it as "the greatest jazz album in the world".[49] It has been ranked at or near the top of numerous "best album" lists in disparate genres.[50][51][52][53] In 2002, Kind of Blue was one of 50 recordings chosen that year by the Library of Congress to be added to the National Recording Registry.[54] In selecting the album as number 12 on its 2003 list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, maintaining the rating in a 2012 revised list,[55] Rolling Stone magazine stated: "This painterly masterpiece is one of the most important, influential and popular albums in jazz".[56] On December 16, 2009, the United States House of Representatives passed a resolution honoring the 50th anniversary of Kind of Blue and "reaffirming jazz as a national treasure".[57] It is included in the 2005 book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die, described by reviewer Seth Jacobson as "a genre-defining moment in twentieth-century music, period.".[58] It was voted number 14 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums 3rd Edition (2000). [1] Influence[edit] The album's influence has reached beyond jazz, as musicians of such genres as rock and classical have been influenced by it, while critics have written about it as one of the most influential albums of all time.[59][60] Many improvisatory rock musicians of the 1960s referred to Kind of Blue for inspiration, along with other Davis albums, as well as Coltrane's modal records My Favorite Things (1961) and A Love Supreme (1965). Guitarist Duane Allman of the Allman Brothers Band said his soloing on songs such as "In Memory of Elizabeth Reed" "comes from Miles and Coltrane, and particularly Kind of Blue. I've listened to that album so many times that for the past couple of years, I haven't hardly listened to anything else."[61] Pink Floyd keyboardist Richard Wright said that the chord progressions on the album influenced the structure of the introductory chords to the song "Breathe" on the album The Dark Side of the Moon (1973).[62] In his book Kind of Blue: The Making of a Miles Davis Masterpiece, writer Ashley Kahn wrote "still acknowledged as the height of hip, four decades after it was recorded, Kind of Blue is the premier album of its era, jazz or otherwise. Its vapory piano introduction is universally recognized".[63] Producer Quincy Jones, one of Davis's longtime friends, wrote: "That [Kind of Blue] will always be my music, man. I play Kind of Blue every day—it's my orange juice. It still sounds like it was made yesterday".[63] Pianist Chick Corea, one of Miles's acolytes, was also struck by its majesty, later stating "It's one thing to just play a tune, or play a program of music, but it's another thing to practically create a new language of music, which is what Kind of Blue did."[64] Gary Burton, of Berklee College of Music, noted the consistent innovation present throughout the album, stating: "It wasn't just one tune that was a breakthrough, it was the whole record. When new jazz styles come along, the first few attempts to do it are usually kind of shaky. Early Charlie Parker records were like this. But with Kind of Blue [the sextet] all sound like they're fully into it."[65] Along with Time Out by the Dave Brubeck Quartet (1959) and Coltrane's Giant Steps (1960), Kind of Blue has often been recommended by music writers as an introductory jazz album, for similar reasons: the music on both records is very melodic, and the relaxed quality of the songs makes the improvisation easy for listeners to follow, without sacrificing artistry or experimentation.[66] Upon the release of the 50th anniversary collector's edition of the album, a columnist for All About Jazz stated "Kind of Blue heralded the arrival of a revolutionary new American music, a post-bebop modal jazz structured around simple scales and melodic improvisation. Trumpeter/band leader/composer Miles Davis assembled a sextet of legendary players to create a sublime atmospheric masterpiece. Fifty years after its release, Kind of Blue continues to transport listeners to a realm all its own while inspiring musicians to create to new sounds—from acoustic jazz to post-modern ambient—in every genre imaginable."[67] Later in an interview, renowned hip-hop artist and rapper Q-Tip reaffirmed the album's reputation and influence when discussing the significance of Kind of Blue, stating "It's like the Bible—you just have one in your house."[68] The 2014 album Blue by Mostly Other People Do the Killing is a note-for-note reproduction of Kind of Blue.[69] The Kind of Blue musicians appeared together in further recorded ventures through the 1960s. Davis had made a rare post-1953 sideman appearance in 1958 on Adderley's Somethin' Else album; Evans and Adderley collaborated on the latter's LP Know What I Mean? from 1961. Kelly and Chambers backed Hank Mobley on Soul Station in 1960, and Evans and Chambers played on the sessions for The Blues and the Abstract Truth by Oliver Nelson in 1961. The rhythm section of Kelly, Chambers, and Cobb backed Coltrane for Coltrane Jazz and one track on his landmark Giant Steps, which featured Chambers throughout. That trio stayed with Davis for the recordings Someday My Prince Will Come and the live sets at the Blackhawk and at Carnegie Hall. Davis in retrospect[edit] Late in his life, from the electric period on, Davis repeatedly disregarded his earlier work, such as the music of Birth of the Cool or Kind of Blue. In Davis's view, remaining static stylistically was the wrong option.[70] "So What" or Kind of Blue, they were done in that era, the right hour, the right day, and it happened. It's over .... What I used to play with Bill Evans, all those different modes, and substitute chords, we had the energy then and we liked it. But I have no feel for it anymore—it's more like warmed-over turkey. —  Interview with Ben Sidran, 1986.[71] When Shirley Horn insisted, in 1990, that Davis reconsider playing the gentle ballads and modal tunes of his Kind of Blue period, he demurred: "Nah, it hurts my lip."[72] Release history[edit] 1986 Columbia Jazz Masterpieces compact disc reissue cover Kind of Blue was originally released as a 12-inch vinyl record, in both stereo and mono. There have been several reissues of Kind of Blue, including additional pressings throughout the vinyl era. On some editions, the label switched the order for the two tracks on side two, "All Blues" and "Flamenco Sketches". The record has been remastered many times during the compact disc era, including the 1982 by CBS/Sony Japan catalog number 35DP 62 and the 1986 Columbia Jazz Masterpieces reissue,[73] and most notably, the 1992 remastering that corrected the speed for side one, which had been issued slightly off-pitch originally,[74] and the 1997 issue that added the alternative take of "Flamenco Sketches".[73] In 2005, a DualDisc release included the original album, a digital remastering in 5.1 Surround Sound and LPCM Stereo, and a 25-minute documentary Made in Heaven about the making and influence of Kind of Blue.[75] Kind of Blue has also been re-released on a rare 24-carat gold CD collectors version.[73] The album was also released on many other formats, many of which are only to be found second hand. Two-track open-reel tape (US only), Columbia GCB 60, from which "Freddie Freeloader" and "Flamenco Sketches" were omitted to keep cost down. This release was on the market less than a year and was discontinued some time after July 1961, after Sketches of Spain had been released as four-track only. Sonically most often better than the four-track counterpart that replaced it. The reports that the two-track version was the only one to be issued at correct speed for the tracks off the first album side are false.[76] None issued were at the correct speed.[77] Four-track open-reel tape (US only), Columbia CQ 379, as the complete five-track album. This release replaced the two-track release and remained in the Columbia catalog for a few years. Some tracks are available on other reel tapes issued current at the time of or following the original release of the album, as by Various Artists. None issued were at the correct speed.[77] "All Blues" is included on the Greatest Hits album.[76] Armed Forces Radio and Television Service 16-inch transcription discs. Note these are monaural and the tune on side P-6925 marked "Flamenco Sketches" actually holds "All Blues".[78] None issued were at the correct speed.[77] Philips Compact Cassette. Both as the original album prior to the Jazz Masterpiece remaster, and as the 1987 Jazz Masterpiece remaster. Neither are at the correct speed.[77] MiniDisc, Columbia CM 40579 (US). Only as the master prior to 1997, but not as the Jazz Masterpiece remaster. This was unavailable by the end of the 1990s when production of Jazz Masterpiece series had ceased. None issued were at the correct speed.[77] Two-disc box set "50th Anniversary Collector's Edition", released on September 30, 2008, by Columbia and Legacy.[79] Track listing[edit] 1. "So What" Miles Davis 9:04 2. "Freddie Freeloader" Davis 9:34 3. "Blue in Green" Davis, Bill Evans 5:27 1. "All Blues" Davis 11:33 2. "Flamenco Sketches" Davis, Evans 9:26 Sides one and two were combined as tracks 1–5 on CD reissues. 1997 reissue bonus track 6. "Flamenco Sketches" (alternate take) Miles Davis, Bill Evans 9:32 2008 bonus tracks 7. "Freddie Freeloader" (studio sequence 1) 0:53 8. "Freddie Freeloader" (false start) 1:27 10. "So What" (studio sequence 1) 1:55 12. "Blue in Green" (studio sequence) 1:58 13. "Flamenco Sketches" (studio sequence 1) 0:45 15. "All Blues" (studio sequence) 0:18 2008 bonus disc 1. "On Green Dolphin Street" Bronislaw Kaper, Ned Washington 9:50 2. "Fran-Dance" Miles Davis 5:49 3. "Stella by Starlight" Victor Young, Ned Washington 4:46 4. "Love for Sale" Cole Porter 11:49 5. "Fran-Dance" (alternate take) Miles Davis 5:53 6. "So What" (recorded at Kurhaus, The Hague, April 9, 1960) Miles Davis 17:29 Personnel[edit] Per the liner notes.[14] Miles Davis – trumpet Julian "Cannonball" Adderley – alto saxophone except on "Blue in Green" and bonus disc track "So What" John Coltrane – tenor saxophone Bill Evans – piano except on "Freddie Freeloader" and bonus disc track "So What" Wynton Kelly – piano on "Freddie Freeloader" and bonus disc track "So What" Paul Chambers – double bass Jimmy Cobb – drums Charts[edit] Billboard (North America) Jazz Albums 37[citation needed] Top Jazz Albums Top Internet Albums Vinyl Albums[80] Certifications[edit] Certified units/sales Australia (ARIA)[81] 2× Platinum 140,000^ Belgium (BEA)[82] Gold 25,000* France (SNEP)[84] 2× Gold 372,500 [83]* Italy (FIMI)[85] Platinum 100,000* Netherlands (NVPI)[86] Silver 10,000^ Poland (ZPAV)[87] Platinum 10,000* United Kingdom (BPI)[88] United States (RIAA)[89] 5× Platinum 5,000,000 *sales figures based on certification alone ^shipments figures based on certification alone Jazz portal 1959 in jazz Third Stream ^ a b Colin Larkin, ed. (2000). All Time Top 1000 Albums (3rd ed.). Virgin Books. p. 40. ISBN 0-7535-0493-6. ^ Kahn, pp. 86–87. ^ a b c d e Ashley Kahn (2001). Kind of Blue: The Making of the Miles Davis Masterpiece. foreword by Jimmy Cobb. Da Capo Press. pp. 67–68. ISBN 0-306-81067-0. The Making of Kind of Blue: Miles Davis and His Masterpiece bebop. ^ Russell, George. Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization. New York: Russ-Hix Music Pub. Co. Library of Congress Catalog Record available at lccn.loc.gov/unk84111092. Lydian Chromatic Concept of Tonal Organization website located at www.lydianchromaticconcept.com. Author George Russell's website located at www.georgerussell.com ^ "George Russell — About George". Concept Publishing. Retrieved July 27, 2008. ^ a b "Liner note reprint: Miles Davis — Kind of Blue (FLAC — Master Sound — Super Bit Mapping)". Stupid and Contagious. Retrieved July 27, 2008. ^ Ashley Kahn (2001). Kind of Blue: The Making of the Miles Davis Masterpiece. foreword by Jimmy Cobb. Da Capo Press, USA. p. 83. ISBN 0-306-81067-0. The Making of Kind of Blue: Miles Davis and His Masterpiece bebop. ^ a b c d e f Khan, Ashley. Kind of Blue: The Making of the Miles Davis Masterpiece. New York: Da Capo Press, 2000; p. 111. ^ a b c d e Palmer (1997), pp. 4–7. ^ Blumenthal, Bob. Liner Notes, Miles Davis at Newport 1958; Columbia/Legacy CK85202, 2001, p. 4. ^ a b c d Kahn, Ashley (2002). Kind of Blue : The Making of the Miles Davis Masterpiece. Granta Books. ISBN 9781862075412. ^ Nisenson, Eric (2013). The Making of Kind of Blue: Miles Davis and His Masterpiece. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 1466852259. ^ "Teo Macero: Forever Blue". High Fidelity News and Record Review. Vol. 53 no. 7–12. 2008. These two amazing productions, the biggest and the second-biggest selling jazz albums ever, were both recorded in 1959 and both - though his role in Kind of Blue has been disputed - were made under the auspices of the great producer Teo Macero. ^ a b Kind of Blue. Columbia LP CL 1355, 1959. ^ Kind of Blue. Columbia CD CK 40579, 1987 ^ Kind of Blue. Columbia MiniDisc CM 40579, 1997 ^ Kind of Blue. Columbia SACD CS 64935, 1999 ^ Kind of Blue. Columbia DualDisc CN 90887, 2004 ^ Kind of Blue. Columbia CD/LP/DVD 88697 33552 2, 2008 ^ Kind of Blue. Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab SACD UDSACD 2085, 2015 ^ a b Palmer, Robert (1997). "Liner Notes to 1997 Reissue". Kind of Blue (CD). New York, NY: Sony Music Entertainment, Inc./Columbia Records. ^ Kahn, p. 299a. ^ Kahn, p. 299b. ^ Miles Davis with Quincy Troupe, Miles: The Autobiography, Simon and Schuster, 2001, pp. 103–104. ^ Kahn, p. 178. ^ a b Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. Review: Kind of Blue. AllMusic. Retrieved July 21, 2009. ^ a b "Kind of Blue". Acclaimed Music. Archived from the original on April 21, 2017. Retrieved September 19, 2015. ^ Sandow, Greg. Review: Kind of Blue. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 20, 2009. ^ Cook, Richard. "Review: Kind of Blue". Penguin Guide to Jazz: 376. September 2002. ^ Schreiber, Ryan. Review: Kind of Blue. Pitchfork Media. Retrieved July 21, 2009. ^ Friedman, Lou. Review: Kind of Blue. PopMatters. Retrieved July 20, 2009. ^ Columnist. "Review: Kind of Blue Archived February 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine". Q: 116. March 1995. ^ Hoard, Christian. "Review: Kind of Blue". Rolling Stone: 214–217. November 2, 2004. ^ Fisher, Tyler. Review: Kind of Blue. Sputnikmusic. Retrieved July 20, 2009. ^ Kind of Blue. Hal Leonard Corporation. 2000. p. 3. ISBN 9780634011696. ^ The All-TIME 100 Albums – Kind of Blue. Time Inc. Retrieved August 30, 2008. ^ The Dozens – Jazz.com Archived January 7, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. jazz.com. Retrieved August 30, 2008. ^ MILES BEYOND The Making of the Bitches Brew boxed set. Paul Tingen. Retrieved August 30, 2008. ^ Miles Electric: A Different Kind of Blue (DVD). PopMatters. Retrieved August 30, 2008. ^ Miles Davis' Bitches Brew – ColumbiaJazz Archived July 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Columbia. Retrieved August 30, 2008. ^ Morris, Chris. Review: Kind of Blue. Yahoo! Music. Retrieved July 20, 2009. ^ Philip B. Pape. "All About Jazz: Kind of Blue — Review". All About Jazz. Retrieved September 19, 2008. ^ "Miles Davis – Kind of Blue" (rankings, rating, etc.) Archived April 21, 2017, at the Wayback Machine Acclaimed Music. Retrieved August 11, 2008. ^ Jazz Extra – the biography of Miles Davis Archived January 7, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Jazz Extra. Retrieved August 11, 2008. ^ Porter, Lewis (1999). John Coltrane: His Life and Music. University of Michigan Press. pp. 281–283. ISBN 0-472-08643-X. ^ "Miles Davis". Acclaimed Music. Archived from the original on September 22, 2015. Retrieved September 19, 2015. ^ Larkin, Colin (1994). Guinness Book of Top 1000 Albums (1 ed.). Gullane Children's Books. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-85112-786-6. ^ The All-TIME 100 Albums. Time.com. Retrieved August 19, 2008. ^ The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All Time Archived June 23, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 19, 2008. ^ Rateyourmusic's "Top Albums of All-Time". Rate Your Music. Retrieved August 19, 2008. ^ "Kind of Blue review notes" Archived July 16, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Tower.com. Retrieved August 19, 2008. ^ "Kind of Blue", The Library of Congress. Retrieved August 4, 2014. ^ "500 Greatest Albums of All Time Rolling Stone's definitive list of the 500 greatest albums of all time". Rolling Stone. 2012. Retrieved September 23, 2019. ^ "The RS 500 Greatest Albums of All Time: 12) Kind of Blue". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on March 17, 2011. Retrieved August 11, 2008. ^ Jarenwattananon, Patrick. The U.S. Congress and the 'Kind of Blue' Blues. NPR. Retrieved December 22, 2009. ^ Dimery, Robert (2009). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Octopus Publishing Group, London. pp. 42–43. ISBN 9781844036240. Retrieved September 23, 2012. ^ Miles Davis: Kind of Blue – NPR. NPR. Retrieved August 19, 2008. ^ NPR's Jazz Profiles: Miles Davis Kind of Blue. NPR. Retrieved August 19, 2008. ^ Palmer (1997), p. 9. ^ Andy Mabbett (1995). The Complete Guide to the Music of Pink Floyd. Omnibus Press, 14/15 Berners Street, London. pp. 178–179. ISBN 0-7119-4301-X. ^ a b Kahn, p. 19. ^ Kahn, p. 16. ^ 1959: A Great Year in Jazz. All About Jazz. Retrieved August 11, 2008. ^ Jazz News: Miles Davis – Kind of Blue: 50th Anniversary Collectors Edition Coming in September Archived January 10, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. All About Jazz. Retrieved September 20, 2008. ^ "Kind of Blue 50th Anniversary Edition" Archived October 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Pitchfork. Retrieved November 23, 2008. ^ Miles Davis’s Jazz Masterpiece ‘Kind of Blue’ Is Redone, Wall Street Journal, 10 October 2014 ^ Davis, Miles; Jeff Sultanof (2002). Miles Davis – Birth of the Cool Complete Score Book. US: Hal Leonard. pp. 2–3. ISBN 0634006827. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved February 22, 2011. ^ Quoted in Ashley Kahn, Miles Davis and Bill Evans: Miles and Bill in Black & White, JazzTimes, September 2001. ^ Interview to Shirley Horn. After 1990. Quoted in Ashley Kahn, Miles Davis and Bill Evans: Miles and Bill in Black & White, JazzTimes, September 2001. ^ a b c Discogs.com – Search: Miles Davis – Kind Of Blue. Discogs. Retrieved on August 11, 2008. ^ The Fifth Element #34, Stereophile, February 2006, retrieved September 1, 2010 ^ Kind Of Blue (Dual Disc), Sony, 2005. ^ a b From Columbia tape catalogs at the time ^ a b c d e Speed issues are explained in the booklet with the post-1997 remaster: the same speed master was used in all cases. ^ From two 16-inch AFRTS records this contributor owns, won on eBay. ^ "Kind of Blue 50th Anniversary Collector's Edition". All Music. Retrieved November 23, 2008. ^ "Miles Davis – Chart history | Billboard". www.billboard.com. Retrieved December 2, 2016. ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2016 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved September 19, 2008. ^ "Ultratop − Goud en Platina – albums 2003". Ultratop. Hung Medien. Retrieved December 30, 2012. ^ "InfoDisc : Les Meilleurs Ventes d'Albums "Tout Temps" (33 T. / Cd / Téléchargement)". www.infodisc.fr. ^ "French album certifications – Miles Davis – Kind of Blue" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved January 5, 2014. ^ "Italian album certifications – Miles Davis – Kind of Blue" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved February 7, 2015. Select "Tutti gli anni" in the "Anno" drop-down menu. Select "Kind of Blue" in the "Filtra" field. Select "Album e Compilation" under "Sezione". ^ "Dutch album certifications – Miles Davis – Kind of Blue" (in Dutch). Nederlandse Vereniging van Producenten en Importeurs van beeld- en geluidsdragers. Retrieved February 7, 2015. Enter Kind of Blue in the "Artiest of titel" box. ^ "Polish album certifications – Miles Davis – Kind of Blue" (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved January 17, 2019. ^ "British album certifications – Miles Davis – Kind of Blue". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved January 5, 2014. Select albums in the Format field. Select Platinum in the Certification field. Type Kind of Blue in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter. ^ "American album certifications – Miles Davis – Kind of Blue". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved November 27, 2019. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH. Blumenthal, Bob (2001). "Liner Notes". Miles Davis at Newport 1958. Columbia/Legacy CK85202. Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (2004). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. Completely revised and updated 4th edition. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8. Cook, Richard; Morton, Brian (2002). The Penguin Guide to Jazz on CD. 6th edition. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-051521-6. Kahn, Ashley (2001). Kind of Blue: The Making of the Miles Davis Masterpiece. foreword by Cobb, Jimmy, Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81067-0. Palmer, Robert (1997). "Liner Notes to 1997 Reissue". Kind of Blue (CD). New York, NY: Sony Music Entertainment Inc. / Columbia Records. Williams, Richard (2010). The Blue Moment: Miles Davis's Kind of Blue and the Remaking of Modern Music. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-07663-9. Miles Davis: 'Kind of Blue' program in National Public Radio's Jazz Profiles series Kind of Blue at MILESTONES: A Miles Davis Collector's Site Kind of Blue: How Miles Davis Changed Jazz "So What" "Freddie Freeloader" "Blue in Green" "All Blues" "Flamenco Sketches" Prestige era The New Sounds Young Man with a Horn The Compositions Of Al Cohn Miles Davis Volume 2 Miles Davis, Volume 3 Miles Davis Quartet Miles Davis All-Star Sextet Miles Davis with Sonny Rollins Miles Davis All Stars, Volume 1 The Musings of Miles Blue Moods Miles: The New Miles Davis Quintet Miles Davis and Horns Quintet/Sextet Blue Haze Miles Davis and the Modern Jazz Giants Cookin' with the Miles Davis Quintet Relaxin' with the Miles Davis Quintet Workin' with the Miles Davis Quintet Steamin' with the Miles Davis Quintet Columbia era Seven Steps to Heaven Quiet Nights Miles in the Sky Live-Evil The Man with the Horn Star People Warner Bros. era Doo-Bop Birdland 1951 Miles Davis at Newport 1955–1975: The Bootleg Series Vol. 4 Miles & Coltrane Miles Davis Quintet at Peacock Alley Amsterdam Concert At Newport 1958 Jazz at the Plaza Vol. I Miles Davis & John Coltrane The Final Tour: The Bootleg Series, Vol. 6 In Person: At the Blackhawk, San Francisco Miles Davis at Carnegie Hall Miles & Monk at Newport Miles Davis in Europe Live at the 1963 Monterey Jazz Festival Four & More Miles in Tokyo Miles in Berlin The Complete Live at the Plugged Nickel 1965 Live in Europe 1967: The Bootleg Series Vol. 1 1969 Miles – Festiva De Juan Pins Live at the Fillmore East, March 7, 1970: It's About that Time Bitches Brew Live Black Beauty: Miles Davis at Fillmore West Miles Davis at Fillmore Miles at the Fillmore – Miles Davis 1970: The Bootleg Series Vol. 3 The Cellar Door Sessions 1970 Dark Magus Miles! Miles! Miles! We Want Miles Live Around the World Miles & Quincy Live at Montreux Ascenseur pour l'échafaud Music from Siesta Birth of the Cool Miles Davis' Greatest Hits Basic Miles: The Classic Performances of Miles Davis Get Up with It Circle in the Round The Columbia Years 1955–1985 The Essential Miles Davis Miles Davis Quintet: Freedom Jazz Dance: The Bootleg Series, Vol. 5 The Complete Columbia Recordings of Miles Davis with John Coltrane Miles Davis & Gil Evans: The Complete Columbia Studio Recordings Seven Steps: The Complete Columbia Recordings of Miles Davis 1963–1964 The Complete Studio Recordings of The Miles Davis Quintet 1965–1968 The Complete In a Silent Way Sessions The Complete Bitches Brew Sessions The Complete Jack Johnson Sessions The Complete On the Corner Sessions In Person Friday and Saturday Nights at the Blackhawk, Complete The Complete Miles Davis at Montreux Miles Davis: The Complete Columbia Album Collection The Legendary Prestige Quintet Sessions Panthalassa: The Music of Miles Davis 1969–1974 Panthalassa: The Remixes Evolution of the Groove "Boplicity" "Dig" "Donna Lee" "Four" "Milestones" "Nardis" "Seven Steps to Heaven" Miles Dewey Davis Jr. (father) Miles! The Definitive Miles Davis at Montreux DVD Collection That's What Happened: Live in Germany 1987 Miles from India A Different Kind of Blue (2004 documentary) Tenor Conclave Wheelin' and Dealin' John Coltrane with the Red Garland Trio Soultrane Cattin' with Coltrane and Quinichette Settin' the Pace Standard Coltrane Kenny Burrell and John Coltrane Black Pearls The Last Trane Two Tenors Coltrane Time Bags & Trane (with Milt Jackson) Coltrane Jazz Olé Coltrane Coltrane Plays the Blues Coltrane's Sound The Avant-Garde Impulse! Africa/Brass Duke Ellington & John Coltrane The John Coltrane Quartet Plays Kulu Sé Mama Cosmic Music (with Alice Coltrane) Selflessness: Featuring My Favorite Things Sun Ship Interstellar Space The Africa/Brass Sessions, Volume 2 First Meditations Stellar Regions Both Directions at Once: The Lost Album Basic Miles Cookin' Workin' Steamin' Ray Draper The Ray Draper Quintet featuring John Coltrane A Tuba Jazz Wilbur Harden Mainstream 1958 Jazz Way Out Tanganyika Strut The Complete 1957 Riverside Recordings Thelonious Himself Monk's Music Thelonious Monk Quartet with John Coltrane at Carnegie Hall Live! at the Village Vanguard Live at Birdland New Thing at Newport Live at the Village Vanguard Again! Live in Seattle Afro Blue Impressions The Paris Concert The European Tour Newport '63 The Complete 1961 Village Vanguard Recordings The Olatunji Concert: The Last Live Recording Live at the Half Note: One Down, One Up Offering: Live at Temple University The Best of John Coltrane The Classic Quartet: The Complete Impulse! Recordings Coltrane for Lovers The Coltrane Legacy The Prestige Recordings Countdown: The Savoy Sessions Dial Africa: The Savoy Sessions Feelin' Good The Heavyweight Champion: The Complete Atlantic Recordings High Step The Major Works of John Coltrane Jupiter Variation Ken Burns Jazz: John Coltrane The Last Giant: Anthology To the Beat of a Different Drum Trane's Blues Trane's Modes "26-2" "Alabama" "Equinox" "Giant Steps" "Impressions" "Lazy Bird" "Moment's Notice" "Mr. P.C." "Naima" "Ogunde" The Church of Saint Coltrane The World According to John Coltrane Trane Tracks: The Legacy of John Coltrane Chasing Trane: The John Coltrane Documentary List of sessions Coltrane changes Ravi Coltrane Dix Hills home Philadelphia house 5893 Coltrane asteroid John W. Coltrane Cultural Society Tribute albums Before John Was a Jazz Giant: A Song of John Coltrane Presenting Cannonball Julian "Cannonball" Adderley Julian Cannonball Adderley and Strings In the Land of Hi-Fi with Julian Cannonball Adderley Sophisticated Swing Cannonball Enroute Cannonball's Sharpshooters Portrait of Cannonball Things Are Getting Better Cannonball Adderley Quintet in Chicago Cannonball Takes Charge Them Dirty Blues Cannonball Adderley and the Poll Winners African Waltz Nancy Wilson/Cannonball Adderley Cannonball's Bossa Nova Cannonball Adderley's Fiddler on the Roof Great Love Themes Accent on Africa The Cannonball Adderley Quintet & Orchestra Love, Sex, and the Zodiac Inside Straight Llve The Cannonball Adderley Quintet in San Francisco The Cannonball Adderley Quintet at the Lighthouse The Cannonball Adderley Sextet in New York Cannonball in Europe! Jazz Workshop Revisited Nippon Soul Cannonball Adderley Live! Live Session! Money in the Pocket Mercy, Mercy, Mercy! Live at "The Club" Cannonball in Japan Radio Nights Why Am I Treated So Bad! Country Preacher The Price You Got to Pay to Be Free The Happy People The Black Messiah Music You All The Japanese Concerts "Mercy, Mercy, Mercy" Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kind_of_Blue&oldid=938193314" 2008 compilation albums Albums produced by Cal Lampley Albums produced by Irving Townsend Albums produced by Michael Cuscuna Albums recorded at CBS 30th Street Studio Columbia Records albums Columbia Records compilation albums Grammy Hall of Fame Award recipients Instrumental albums Instrumental compilation albums Legacy Recordings compilation albums Miles Davis albums Modal jazz albums United States National Recording Registry recordings CS1 Polish-language sources (pl) Certification Table Entry usages for Australia Certification Table Entry usages for Belgium Certification Table Entry usages for France Certification Table Entry usages for Italy Certification Table Entry usages for Netherlands Certification Table Entry usages for Poland Certification Table Entry usages for United Kingdom Certification Table Entry usages for United States

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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 61 Part 1.djvu/425 This page needs to be proofread. 61 STAT.] 80TH CONG., IST SESS.-CHS. 288 -290-JULY 22, 1947 [CHAPTER 288] AN ACT To authorize the Secretary of the Navy to convey to the Territory of Hawaii an easement for public highway and utility purposes in certain parcels of land in the district of Ewa, Territory of Hawaii. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Navy be, and he is hereby, authorized to convey to the Territory of Hawaii a perpetual easement for public highway and utility pur- poses in, over, under, and across twenty-eight parcels of land, contain- ing thirteen and eighty-eight one-thousandths acres of land, situated in the vicinity of Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard in the district of Ewa, island of Oahu, Territory of Hawaii, the metes and bounds description of which are on file in the Navy Department. Approved July 22, 1947. [CHAPTER 289] AN ACT To amend the Act approved December 28, 1945 (Public Law 271, Seventy-ninth Congress), entitled "An Act to expedite the admission to the United States of alien spouses and alien minor children of citizen members of the United States armed forces". Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Act approved December 28, 1945 (Public Law 271, Seventy-ninth Congress, ch. 591, first session) (59 Stat. 659; 8 U. S . C. 232-236), is amended by adding a new section thereto, to be known as section 6, and to read as follows: "SEC. 6. The alien spouse of an American citizen by a marriage occurring before thirty days after the enactment of this Act, shall not be considered as inadmissible because of race, if otherwise admissible under this Act." Approved July 22, 1947. [CHAPTER 2901 AN ACT To create an Academic Advisory Board for the United States Merchant Marine Academy. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the United States Maritime Commission is authorized to appoint an Academic Advisory Board of the United States Merchant Marine Academy which shall consist of not to exceed seven persons of distinction in the field of education who shall serve without pay. The members of the Board shall visit the United States Merchant Marine Academy at least once during the academic year for the purpose of examining the course of instruction and advising the superintendent relative thereto. The expenses of the Board while engaged in these duties, including the expense of travel, shall be defrayed under Government travel regulations from any appropriation for the authorized work of the Maritime Commission. Approved July 22, 1947. July 22, 1947 [H. R . 3053] [Public Law 212] Hawaii. Conveyance. July 22,1947 [H. R . 31491 [Public Law 213] Alien spouse of American citizen. July 22, 147 I 1. it. 361721 [Public Law 214] Merchant Marine Academy. Academic Advisory Board. Expenses. 95347--48- -pt. 1- - -26 401 Retrieved from "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Page:United_States_Statutes_at_Large_Volume_61_Part_1.djvu/425&oldid=6331394" Not proofread Central discussion Random work Random author Random transcription Download/print

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Asia > Middle East > Iran > Western Iran > Khuzestan > Shush (Iran) Shush (Iran) 1.2 Orientation Shush is in Khuzestan. Susa was one of the political, economic and cultural centres of Elam, Anshan and almost the entire Near Eastern world. Based on archaeological data, the early settlement of humans in this area dates back to 7000 years ago. However, Susa became the centre of Elam Civilization in 2400 BCE. From this date, the history of Susa is divided into three phases: Paleo-Elamite, Meso-Elamite and Neo-Elamite, each phase having its own cultural, artistic, and industrial features. Later, in 640 B.C, Ashurbanipal, the Assyrian king, attacked Elam and destroyed Susa. As a result of this attack, Elam lost its previous glory, turning into a state ruled by the Achaemenids. The construction of Susa and Persepolis, two Achaemenid dynasties, occurred almost at the same time and Persepolis became the ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid dynasty. Susa was chosen by Darius as an administrative capital of Achaemenids due to its geographical position, its splendid history and its closeness to Mesopotamian areas. Therefore, Darius was the first Achaemenid king who designated Susa as his royal residence. Although, during the two centuries of Achaemenid Empire, Susa remained their most important administrative center, later in the Seleucid era, it lost its function as the administrative capital; however, it remained a prosperous regional centre. Later in the early Sassanid era (224-651), Susa became one of the economic trading centers of the Sassanian Empire. However, during the reign of Shapur II (310-379), Susa lost its prosperity due to the several attacks by Romans. The only noticeable remaining from the Sassanid era is a large building including a columned hall and three corridors. The highlights of this clay building were its frescoes, bearing the hunting scenes, which were installed on the wall of the columned hall. Orientation[edit] Geographically, Susa is located near the three rivers of Dez, Tigris and Shaur. It was surrounded by rich lands where agriculture, hunting and animal breeding were vastly practised. Susa started its city life about 4000 years ago. In the city of the Elamite era, three sections are identified, including: the Acropolis, the Royal city and the living quarter. However, the information about the city in the Achaemenid era is only limited to the royal part of the city. This city travel guide to Shush is an outline and needs more content. It has a template, but there is not enough information present. Please plunge forward and help it grow! Retrieved from "https://en.wikivoyage.org/w/index.php?title=Shush_(Iran)&oldid=3728567" This travel guide page was last edited at 04:55, on 18 February 2019 by Wikivoyage user Traveler100. Based on work by Wikivoyage user Ibaman and Wikivoyage anonymous users 147.147.52.22 and 217.61.1.118.

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Cynthea Masson B.A. (Guelph) M.A. (McMaster) Ph.D. (McMaster) Middle English literature and language; medieval visionary, mystical, and alchemical literature and rhetoric; Whedon Studies; composition. Prior to my forays into the academic world surrounding Buffy the Vampire Slayer, my research areas included Chaucer, medieval mysticism, and medieval alchemical literature. Thanks to a SSRHC postdoctoral fellowship, I spent several months in the British Library’s medieval manuscript room studying alchemical manuscripts. My alchemy-focused articles include “Text as Stone: Desire, Sex, and the Figurative Hermaphrodite in the Ordinal and Compound of Alchemy” (published in Sexual Culture in the Literature of Medieval Britain, D. S. Brewer 2014). My alchemy-inspired fiction includes The Alchemists’ Council and The Flaw in the Stone (ECW Press 2016 and 2018), the first two books in a fantasy trilogy. (Book One of the series won the 2017 IPPY Gold Medal in Fantasy. Book Three is scheduled for publication in 2020.) Since 2004, I have published and presented on various television series created by Joss Whedon, including Buffy, Angel, Firefly, and Dollhouse. My paper “‘Break Out the Champagne, Pinocchio’: Angel and the Puppet Paradox” won the 2013 Whatley Award for best paper in Studies in Popular Culture. With Rhonda Wilcox, Tanya R. Cochran, and David Lavery, I had the pleasure of co-editing the book Reading Joss Whedon (Syracuse University Press 2014). A conjunction of creativity and academic rigour informs both my writing and teaching. From first-year composition courses to upper-level medieval literature courses, I aim to bring into the classroom Chaucer’s philosophy of “best sentence and moost solaas”—that is, both meaning and pleasure (General Prologue 798).

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Customer Support 01202 308 000 IT Solutions Managed Services & Consultancy Cloud Security Networking Training Compute and Storage Software Solutions ERP/MRP CRM Services BI About Us Case Studies News & Events Careers Contact CUSTOMER SUPPORT. Click here to visit our support page, and read our FAQ’s. Option 1: Applications Option 2: Technical enhanced.co.uk Support Connection Enter your 6 digit pin code WE BELIEVE THAT PEOPLE ARE OUR MOST VALUABLE ASSET. We really care about our people and they really care about you. The team at Enhanced aspire to live and embrace our company culture and values through everything we do. Meet the team behind Enhanced who are here to help, providing infrastructure services such as hosting and storage, and business solutions you can rely on. Want to find out more about how our business technology and connectivity services can help streamline your business, taking you to the next level? Contact our team of specialists today on 01202 308000. David Bartlett Senior Infrastructure Support Engineer David joined Enhanced in January 2012. David Has worked in IT for over 15 years, When he’s not spending time with his family, he enjoys swimming, indoor bowls, walking and sitting in the sunshine. Wayne Bellows Wayne has a Degree in Computing and brings 12 years’ experience working in IT for a variety of large and small companies. His career has taken him around the world, including time in Sydney and Dublin. Wayne loves to travel, having backpacked through North America, New Zealand, Australia and South East Asia. His hobbies include cycling and running and can be seen at his local parkrun most Saturday mornings slightly out of breath. Mike Blunden Head of Solutions As Head of Business Solutions, Mike leads the team in providing quality software applications, systems integration and custom offerings to support clients with business efficiencies, automation and growth. Mike oversees the full lifecycle of project management, including delivery and implementation of software configuration, training, custom development and systems integration. In addition, Mike oversees the larger, more complex projects and key clients. With extensive experience in support, consultancy and sales, Mike brings real solutions delivery experience to guide the team. Mike is married with two children and in his spare time likes to workout, go kayaking and cooking for friends and family. Jonathan Bush Infrastructure Service Delivery Manager Jonathan joined Enhanced in 2011 and has spent his career to date, in a variety of IT roles. He looks after large number of our infrastructure clients, is involved in the day-to-day running of the infrastructure dept and is also a Microsoft Certified Solutions Associate. Interests include playing guitar, gaming and spending time with his wife and daughter. James Cripps Operations & Technical Director James has worked in the I.T industry for nearly 15 years and leads the Enhanced Infrastructure Division. James is motivated by his desire to deliver exceptional customer service and has a passion for ensuring Enhanced can provide best in class technologies to help support business growth. He has a keen interest in sports and can often be found out on the golf course. As a football fan, he likes nothing more than getting to a game or supporting his favourite team, Man United. Karim Descombes Head of Engineering & Pre-Sales Karim joined the Enhanced in November 2018. Karim started as an IT Trainee repairing servers, computers and printers to component level. Working his way up through the industry and fulfilling every role imaginable, he is now an Architect and primarily designing and implementing solutions. Karim has earned many professional certifications throughout his long career in IT and is a current Microsoft Certified Solutions Expert in Public and Private Cloud. In his spare time, he acts as a taxi driver for his two young daughters taking them to various clubs and activities which he also pays for. When not chauffeuring them around he enjoys spending time and relaxing with his long-suffering girlfriend. Laura Elford Head of Business Support Laura has completed her Postgraduate CIPD Diploma in Personnel & Development which enables her to focus on the development of staff and make sure we are attracting the best talent to join Enhanced. Laura is passionate about continually developing her skills and experience whilst working in a varied HR role. In her spare time, Laura loves to spend time with her husband, friends and family, enjoys cooking and loves to go on holiday. Dionne Ferris Receptionist/Administrator Dionne’s previous roles have been in credit control and as a senior administrator for a number of years working for a high court enforcement office. Dionne’s hobbies and interests are spending time with her friends and family and partner, shopping, socialising, walking her pug Fred and is looking forward to spending time at the beach in the summer as there aren’t any in Manchester!! Jack Finlayson Infrastructure Support Engineer Jack joined Enhanced in October 2019 as Infrastructure Support Engineer. Jack began his IT Career at Kier Group in 2015. Since then he has worked in a variety of different roles including VOiP Telephony and Network Administration. Jack studied General Engineering at college and spent half a year in the USA working on racing boats. Now having a car he enjoys going to car shows and wants to do a road trip of Europe. Jack is currently studying to get his MCSA in Microsoft Server 2016. Emma started her working life at a local Engineering company and after 11 years and on completion of her Business Studies degree, decided on a career change. She left to work at JP Morgan Chase where she worked as a Senior Technical Help Desk Analyst before moving into Problem Management. Whilst at JPM she was outsourced to IBM Professional Services. Following a career break to raise her two lively boys, Emma returned to work and started at Enhanced in a Marketing role for 5 years before moving onto Client Support. Jeremy Gill Has worked in many sectors, from the leisure industry before finally making the move into finance. During this time he studied business management before joining Enhanced in 2001, initially in software training. Lewis Green Infrastructure Business Development Manager Lewis is an experienced sales executive with a decade of experience working for major IT solutions providers. With a strong technical understanding he can consult businesses on how to better utilise IT investment to meet key business goals. In his spare time, he enjoys cooking for his family and has a passion for music. Simon Green Solutions Sales Consultant Simon joined Enhanced in January 2018 as Solution Sales Consultant. Simon has more than 25 years of sales & marketing experience in all areas of technology, working for large international corporates, as well as smaller IT and Communications businesses. Having spent over 10 years in the semi-conductor industry which included the rollout of UK smart card Chip and PIN, he moved into security software sales throughout Europe, US and Middle East. Simon is married with four children and hobbies include travel whenever possible – India, South Africa, US and Europe. He jumps at the chance of a Road Trip! Philippa Grover Philippa has many years’ experience implementing and delivering software to businesses in various industries. Prior to working for Enhanced, Philippa implemented Exchequer accounting software at companies across the UK. Philippa has successfully delivered many series of Webinars, as well as spoken at several software training events. Raised in the US, Philippa has been in the UK for the last few years and enjoys making the most of living on the south coast. An avid runner and lover of paddleboarding, Philippa demonstrated her physical prowess on the BBC’s Total Wipeout. She can often be found at a muddy festival or walking in the New Forest with her Springer Spaniel, Chuck Norris. Lena James Finance Co-ordinator A brummie lass who moved south in 2004 with her two children. Lena’s role involves maintaining the general and subsidiary ledgers and managing cash control. She also oversees the preparation of financial statements, invoices, contracts etc as required. Lena has gained MAAT status, having achieved her Level 4 Diploma in Professional Accounting. Lena enjoys spending time with her family, but can also be seen in Bournemouth letting her hair down refusing to grow old gracefully. Jeff has worked in IT Infrastructure for over 20 years. He started his career in Electronics and Computer Engineering and moved in to a sales role soon after the desktop computing revolution was underway in the 90s. The experience that Jeff brings covers all areas of IT including Security, Cloud, Networking and IT Support Managed Services and his consultative “listen first” approach has helped many businesses across the UK to realise their goals and make the most from their IT investments. In his spare time he enjoys playing Golf as well as enjoying family time with his wife and three daughters. Oscar Liggett Oscar joined Enhanced in April 2018 as an Infrastructure Support Engineer. Oscar started his career working in IT in 2010 for Bournemouth Hospital. Since then he has worked in several other organisations. Oscar enjoys playing guitar and is quite a car fanatic – if he had the chance he’d have a flat over a 100-car garage! In his spare time, he enjoys walking and generally being outside. A keen climber, Oscar has completed Snowdon (on the Rhyd-Ddu path which is treacherous!) and Ben Nevis and plans on battling Scafell Pike. Nigel Lunn Nigel graduated from Bournemouth University in 2006 with a BSc (Hons) degree in Business Communication Systems. During his placement year, Nigel worked as a network engineer, and joined Enhanced in July 2010 as a Helpdesk Engineer. He is enjoying working with like minded people and helping customers. As a farmer’s son, he still enjoys spending his spare time helping out on the farm and with his wife and children. Mark Machin Director & Senior Solutions Developer Mark works in the software development team, producing mostly website applications and web-based software solutions for clients. He also assists with pre-sales consultancy on major projects. Mark has worked in the commercial IT sector since 1988 in both software and network support roles, gaining experience in a wide range of technical areas. Interests include photography, motor sport, football, cycling and music. Alex Major Alex joined Enhanced in January 2016. Alex is very passionate about gaining more experience in Marketing, in her previous role she worked as a Marketing Assistant within the Oil and Gas industry. A key element of Alex’s role included organising the international exhibitions as well as working on the day-to-day marketing. Alex enjoys yoga and contemporary dancing and loves to travel the world. Phil Moorey Solutions Technical Manager Responsible for implementing business software solutions in an accurate and timely manner. This role also includes taking a customers business needs and mapping them out into logical computer lead processes. Phil previously worked within the manufacturing sector for a local electrical/electronics company for over 10 years in many different capacities from production through to material management. Joined Enhanced in November 1998 and has worn various different hats including support, training and account management. His hobbies are mostly anything sport related and following Yeovil Town FC. Debbie is responsible for purchasing and general administration within the company. As well as being a qualified hairdresser, she previously worked for 13 years in personnel for a multi-national corporation. Married with a daughter, Debbie enjoys shopping. Andrew Oborn One of Enhanced’s longest serving people, his responsibilities lie in programming/development, second line support, consultancy, project management, and occasional training. Main past-times include cycling round quiet country lanes, working on the garden, Formula 1 and digital photography. Matthew Paba Matthew joined Enhanced in July 2019. Matthew has over 25 years of experience as a management accountant and fintech systems developer. He’s worked within many different business sectors as a consultant including financial services and banking, energy, holiday villages and the marine construction, Matthew is passionate about making sure his client’s expectations are not only met but exceeded. Matthew’s favourite things to do include spending quality time with his family, cycling, going out for magical mystery tours in the car, and enjoying regular date nights with his wife. Gail Pilling PR & Brand Manager Responsible for promoting and developing the corporate brand. Advising the directors on PR opportunities and gaining as much external exposure for the company as possible. Previously worked for 24 years for a major European fashion retailer, where she was involved in Marketing, Advertising and PR before finally becoming their Company Spokesperson. Great fan of the theatre, loves all types of music, keen badminton and bridge player and is known to enjoy the odd glass of fine wine. Cristian Popa Cristian joined Enhanced in November 2018. Originally from Romania, Cristian moved to the UK in late 2011 to study. After falling in love with the British weather, he decided to settle down after University. After obtaining a bachelor’s degree in Computer Games and Software Development, Cristian started seeking a career in the industry and saw IT as a suitable entry point. Throughout the years, he has worn many hats in various roles, including IT support, web development, software testing, design, prototyping and implementation. Favourite pastimes include socialising (nights out are always welcome), spending time with his many pets, playing video games, cinema trips and working on his own video game whenever he can squeeze it in. During the summer, Cristian enjoys taking walks along the beach and swimming. Matthew Powell Matthew joined Enhanced in October 2019 as Senior Infrastructure Support Engineer. Matthew started his IT Career in 2007 as a 1st Line Support Engineer after learning to repair his own PC at home. Since then he’s moved between several organisations in search of the challenge to boost his experience and satiate his hunger for knowledge. Matthew loves to work on anything electronic or mechanical whether it’s his PC, smart home setup or his Volvo V50 T5. He’s currently modifying the car to make it the fastest sleeper it can be, worthy of the Swedish racing pedigree from the golden Touring Car era! Completely dedicated to his young Son, Matthew makes sure his boy is living the best life he can! Kelly Turner Solutions Support Consultant Kelly joined Enhanced in September 2016 as Solutions Support Consultant. Kelly started her career in the NHS as a purchase ledger clerk, training new users on the accounting software and then joining the internal IT Department. Kelly then moved to Hall & Woodhouse in the IT department before moving on to Exchequer software as a support consultant for 14 years. When not working, Kelly’s hobbies include kayaking, body combat, spinning, body balance and swimming. Kelly is a Mum of two girls, Neve and Sophie, and although they are both incredibly independent and a little on the naughty side, she could not imagine life without them. Tiina Ward Tiina started her career as an ERP software consultant in Estonia. She decided to take a break after five years in the business to do some travelling and found the UK to be a wonderful place to settle down in. Tiina has worked with a few different software packages and is AAT Level 2 trained. In her spare time she enjoys anything even remotely related to dancing, going to live music gigs, spending time with friends and family and exploring England’s vast countryside. Paul Warwick Solutions Support Manager Responsible for the day to day management of the Business Solutions Support department. Paul has an NVQ in Business Administration and is AAT qualified. His hobbies are spending time with his young family, ballroom dancing and socialising and you will often hear Paul singing his way through the day. Josie Weston Customer Experience Manager Josie joined Enhanced in June 2019 as Customer Experience Manager. Josie joined Enhanced in June 2019 as Customer Experience Manager. With 12 years previous experience in Business Solutions and Client Services, she is eager to support and advance our commitment to provide industry-leading customer experiences. Josie is married and has one son, a two year old walking, talking whirlwind. She is enthusiastic about history and regularly explores heritage sites across the UK and has toured the battlefields in Europe. Carl Whatford Infrastructure Support Manager Carl joined Enhanced in July 2019 as Infrastructure Support Manager. Carl began his career in IT in 2008 and has held various roles from 1st to 3rd line as well as Technical Consultant and Senior Engineer for Europe’s professional golf tours. When not working, Carl love’s spending time with his wife and son while other interests include, gardening, baking and running. Simon White One of the founders of Enhanced in 1994, starting out as a Network Engineer. He then went into Sales & Operations in the late 90s and is unique in that he has actually experienced virtually every role in the company, hence in 2007 was appointed Managing Director, and in 2013 CEO. Always been very sporty, ex semi-professional footballer and has run a 2:45 marathon. In 2013 he completed a stage of the Tour de France for charity including the legendary climb of l’Alpe d’Huez. These days it’s just tennis and the occasional round of golf that interrupt his socialising with friends and spending time with his children! Trudie Whitmarsh Trudie has spent 28 Years within the Accounting Dealership market. Responsible for implementing and training on Access Dimensions accounting software, Pegasus Opera 3, and subsidiary packages. Trudie has experience with other accounting software from various other brands which shall remain nameless! Supporting, Installing, Project Managing and Training. Trudie is never happier then when she is leading customers through the whole new accounting software process. Hobbies include films, socialising, gym and sports. Alison Whittle Alison joined Enhanced in July 2019 as Solutions Support Consultant. Alison started her IT journey 20+ years ago with an Accounting Software House implementing, project managing, training and supporting back office systems into building societies and private banks. Following a ‘gap’ year in Spain, Alison joined a leading Estate Agent and Property Services Group and built a data and reporting team to bring together information from 25+ systems. A relocation to Dorset in 2015 found her in a Market Place Fulfilment Centre as Finance Manager and part of the role was to enhance their warehouse accounting system. When not in the office she’ll be found in her garden! GET IN TOUCH TODAY AND SEE HOW WE CAN SUPPORT YOUR BUSINESS GROWTH. To find out more on how Enhanced can help your business, complete the form and a member of our team will be in touch. Alternatively you can call us directly to speak to one of our experts. We look forward to hearing from you. info@enhanced.co.uk Unit 3 New Fields Stinsford Road Sign up to our newsletter for latest updates Sitemap | Terms & Conditions | Privacy & Cookie Policy | © 2020 Enhanced | Built by Fireworx The website uses cookies to improve the user experience. 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Family Law Tool Kits is an initiative of Carolyn Reid, a family law solicitor determined to help people, particularly those who are unable to afford the services of a lawyer, to navigate their way following a significant relationship breakdown. In a previous life, Carolyn had a career in television computer graphics, animation, special effects and building web sites. In 2010, knowing nothing of law, she began helping a friend going through a tough family breakup involving property, family trusts, companies, parenting and domestic violence – a complex case that took six years to finally resolve. She witnessed first hand the problems faced by ordinary people forced to self-represent for some or all of their matter. That ‘helping hand’ ignited a deep passion for the law and the prospect of being able to use the law to help others like her friend. “I believe that everyone should have access to justice, regardless of who they are, where they live or how much money they have. One way to help achieve this goal is to make quality, tailored information available to everyone, whenever and wherever they need it, and most importantly, for a reasonable and affordable price.” Starting in 2011 Carolyn studied full-time at Griffith University to attain a double degree in Law and Criminology and Criminal Justice (LLB/BCCJ), graduating in 2015. She achieved the Griffith University Academic Achievement Award in each of the five years for being in the top 5% of students. She went on to complete her Graduate Diploma of Legal Practice (Dip. LP) at Bond University and was admitted as a lawyer in the Supreme Court of Queensland in 2016 and the High Court of Australia in 2017. After working in private law firms in 2017, Carolyn decided to combine her design and web-building background with her focused knowledge of family law to create Family Law Tool Kits in a bold bid to make the law as accessible as possible for everyone who need to understand the paths to resolving their family law matters when they cannot afford a lawyer’s help. Carolyn is a proud member of the following professional organisations: “At Family Law Tool Kits we believe that the first step towards resolving the issues that come with a major relationship breakdown is education. We believe that with knowledge comes a sense of empowerment, helping you to face the path ahead with more confidence and an understanding of likely outcomes. Accurate and timely information specific to your situation can also help you to focus on realistic goals and avoid costly mistakes.” Although it is always preferable to obtain advice and/or representation from a practising lawyer, we realise that for many people, this is unfortunately not an option due to the substantial costs involved. Legal Aid and Community Legal Centres provide an invaluable service to clients unable to pay for a private solicitor, but many people do not qualify for a Legal Aid grant and Community Legal Centres are under-funded and limited in the extent of the help they can offer in the face of an overwhelming demand for their services. Even if you can afford or prefer to use the services of a lawyer, Family Law Tool Kits can save you considerable costs and maximise the time you spend with your lawyer. We give you the understanding of the law and processes and help you prepare and present your materials in the way the lawyer needs to quickly assess and advise you on issues in your case. We emphasise that Family Law Tool Kits does not give legal advice and is not intended to be a substitute for professional legal advice or representation.

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Category Archives: Bashar Al Assad SYRIA AND BASHAR AL ASSAD RECEIVED A NEW ALLY : POPE BENEDICT XVI Posted on June 12, 2011 by europeanunionnews Ambassador Housam Al-Din Alaa presented credentials to His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI as the Ambassador of the Syrian Arab Republic to the Vatican. The Pope highlighted in a discourse on this occasion that ”Syria is a place dear and meaningful to Christians, from the origins of the Church. Since the meeting of the Risen Christ on the road to Damascus, Paul became the Apostle of Nations, many great saints who have shaped the religious history of your country. Many are also archaeological evidence of churches, monasteries, mosaics of the early centuries of the Christian era that connect us to the origins of the Church.” His Holiness added that ”Syria has traditionally been an example of tolerance, coexistence and harmonious relations between Christians and Muslims, and today’s ecumenical and interfaith relations are good” expressing his hope that friendship between all cultural and religious components of the Nation would continue and expand to the greater good of all, strengthening unity based on justice and solidarity. The Pope underlined the need for advancing a comprehensive peace in the Middle East. On his part, Ambassador Alaa spoke of the meanings of Syria’s tolerance, coexistence and harmonious life asserting that the meanings of National Unity has additional value in light of what the region faces of schemes to dismember it, spread confusion and extremism, and destabilize it. The Ambassador also spoke of the outcomes of last year’s Damascus-convened international conference about the Islamic-Christian Fraternity, which welcomed the call by the Assembly for the Middle East of the Synod of Bishops for the achievement of just peace in the Middle East, implementation of UN Security Council resolutions, and for the taking of necessary legal measures as to end the Israeli occupation of the Arab Land, rejecting bids to change the demographic situation in the occupied Jerusalem. Filed under Al Quds, Arab awakening, Art, as the representative of reform policy for a better, Baath Party, Bashar Al Assad, Blackseanews Agency, Board of Directors of Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation of Romania, Casualties in Syria, condemn the media outlets, Damascus, democracy, democratic and free Syria, Diplomacy, Eastern Europe, Ecology, Economic Crisis, Economy, Educatie, Education News, Environment, EU diplomacy, Europe, European Council on International Relations, European Union, History, Ierusalim - Al Quds, independence, Information, Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation, intellectual community of Romania, International Press, International Relation, Islam, Jerusalem Al-Quds, Leaders, legitimate and unique representative of Syrian people., manipulation regarding the events in Syrian Arab Republic, Mass media, mercenaries and terrorists as freedom fighter`s and advocate the destruction of Syria, Middle East, national unity and non-interference in internal affairs, NATO, News, Non-Aligned Movement, Orient, Oriental Art, OSCE, OSCE-Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Palestine, Politics, President Bashar Al Assad, President Bashar Al Assad of Syria as the representative of the unity of Syrian people and the guarantor of the integrity of Syria, Religion, Religions, Revolution in Syria, Socialism, support for the Government of President Bashar Al Assad as the soul legal, Syria, Syrian Arab Republic territorial integrity, Syrian people, Syrian Rebelion, Syrian Revolution, Terorrism, terrorist attacks a revolution, THE GOVERNMENT OF PRESIDENT BASHAR AL ASSAD IS THE ONLY LEGITIMATE REPRESENTATIVE OF SYRIAN PEOPLE, United Nations, United Nations Charta, United Nations Global Compact, United States, We condemn the terrorist aggression that had launch attacks in Deraa and tagged Al Jazeera, Al Quds, Ambassador Housam Al-Din Alaa, Ambassador of the Syrian Arab Republic to the Vatican, and today's ecumenical and interfaith relations are good, Arab awakening, archaeological evidence of churches, Baath Party, Bashar Al Assad, BBC lies, Bertrand Russell Tribunal, Blackseanews Agency, Casualties in Syria, coexistence and harmonious life, coexistence and harmonious relations between Christians and Muslims, comprehensive peace in the Middle East, Damascus, Daraa, democracy, Democracy in Middle East, Deraa, Diplomacy, Dr. Bouthaina Shaaban, Eastern Europe, Ecology, Economy, Elections in Syria, Environment, European Council on International Relations, European Union, Foreign policy, Freedom, friendship between all cultural and religious components of the Nation, from the origins of the Church, His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI, History, Homs, Human Rights Council, Ierusalim - Al Quds, implementation of UN Security Council resolutions, Informations, Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation, international conference about the Islamic-Christian Fraternity, International Relation, Islam, Israel, Israel terorrism, Israeli occupation of the Arab Land, just peace in the Middle East, Leaders, many great saints who have shaped the religious history of your country, Mass media, meeting of the Risen Christ on the road to Damascus, Middle East, monasteries, mosaics of the early centuries of the Christian era, News, Open Letter, Orient, Oriental Art, OSCE-Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Palestine, Paul became the Apostle of Nations, People of syria, Politics, POPE BENEDICT XVI EXPRESS SUPPORT FOR SYRIA AND PRESIDENT BASHAR AL ASSAD, President Bashar Al Assad, rejecting bids to change the demographic situation in the occupied Jerusalem, Religion, Religions, Revolution in Syria, Romania, Romanian economy, Romanian Foreign Policy, Russia, Russian Affairs, Saints life, Siria, Socialism, Syria, Syria has traditionally been an example of tolerance, Syria's tolerance, Syrian Rebelion, Syrian Revolution, Terorrism, Terorrist leader arested, UNESCO Heritage List, United Nations Global Compact, United States, United States | Tagged 'Syria is a place dear and meaningful to Christians, unity based on justice and solidarity, Universities | AL ARABIYA, which welcomed the call by the Assembly for the Middle East of the Synod of Bishops | Leave a comment JISR AL- SHUGHOUR – THE CITY IS HAVING A NORMAL LIFE- DESPITE BBC LIES Jisr al-Shughour, Idleb, (SANA) – In response to the inhabitants of Jisr al-Shughour region call for help, units of the Syrian army started pursuing the organized armed groups and arrested some of their members in the neighborhood villages, the Syrian TV reported on Friday. Syrian TV Correspondent said that the organized armed groups set fire to crops and forests surrounding Jisr al-Shughour. The organized armed groups terrified people in Jisr al-Shughour, burn public and private properties and attacked members of the army and security forces mutilating their bodies. The Syrian TV broadcast a phone call between two members of the organized armed groups which committed terrorist acts in Jisr al-Shughour region, Idleb province. One called Ahmad was heard in the phone call as instructing Asaad on the need to leave Jisr al-Shughour towards the Turkish borders and take pictures of them to claim as if they are running from the army and security forces to be posted on the internet later. At the beginning Ahmad asked Asa’ad if the Syrian army has already entered the region, to which Asaad replied “No”. Then Ahmed told Asaad that they have to leave if they want to win the public opinion with the aim to claim that there aren’t any armed members in Jisr al-Shughour. Ahmad stressed the need for filming those who leave the region as displaced citizens and publish the images, in addition to writing phrases in English and sending the images through the internet. Asa’ad assured Ahmad that everything is completely done. Ahmad warned of performing individual or group prayer in front of the cameras so that no one will consider them as Salafists or terrorists, directing to pay attention while dictating eye witnesses as they appear on some TV satellite channels Filed under Al Quds, Arab awakening, as the representative of reform policy for a better, Baath Party, Bashar Al Assad, Blackseanews Agency, Board of Directors of Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation of Romania, Casualties in Syria, Comunitatea Musulmana din Romania, condemn the media outlets, Damascus, democracy, democratic and free Syria, Diplomacy, Ecology, Economia Romaniei, Economic Crisis, Economy, Education News, Environment, EU diplomacy, Europe, European Council on International Relations, European Culture Week, European Union, Foreign Debt, Foreign policy, Freedom, History, Ierusalim - Al Quds, independence, Information, Informations, Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation, Institutul de Relatii Internationale si Cooperare Economica, International Press, International Relation, Jerusalem Al-Quds, Latakia and Damascus, Leaders, legitimate and unique representative of Syrian people., manipulation regarding the events in Syrian Arab Republic, Mass media, mercenaries and terrorists as freedom fighter`s and advocate the destruction of Syria, Middle East, national unity and non-interference in internal affairs, NATO, News, Non-Aligned Movement, Politics, President Bashar Al Assad, President Bashar Al Assad of Syria as the representative of the unity of Syrian people and the guarantor of the integrity of Syria, President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov, Religion, Religions, Revolution in Syria, Romanian Foreign Policy, support for the Government of President Bashar Al Assad as the soul legal, Syria, Syrian Arab Republic territorial integrity, Syrian people, Syrian Rebelion, Syrian Revolution, terrorist attacks a revolution, THE GOVERNMENT OF PRESIDENT BASHAR AL ASSAD IS THE ONLY LEGITIMATE REPRESENTATIVE OF SYRIAN PEOPLE, Top news, Tourism, United Nations, United Nations Charta, United States, United States | a media campaign of lies and disinformation, United States | Tagged a democratic reform process organized by President Bashar Al Assad, victim of foreign intervention and aggression, We condemn the terrorist aggression that had launch attacks in Deraa and tagged (SANA) – In response to the inhabitants of Jisr al-Shughour region call for help, AL ARABIYA, Al Jazeera, Arab awakening, armed groups terrified people in Jisr al-Shughour, attacked members of the army and security forces mutilating their bodies, Baath Party, Bashar Al Assad, BBC lies, burn public and private properties, Canada, Damascus, Daraa, democracy, Democracy in Middle East, Deraa, Dr. Bouthaina Shaaban, Elections in Syria, European Council on International Relations, European Union, filming those who leave the region as displaced citizens and publish the images, Freedom, Homs, Human Rights Council, Idleb, Idleb province, in addition to writing phrases in English, Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation, Israel, Israel terorrism | Tagged ORDER RESTORED IN JISR AL-SHUGHOUR . NO REFUGEES . NO HUMANITARIAN CRISIS, Jisr al-Shughour, Middle East, People of syria, performing individual or group prayer in front of the cameras, posted on the internet later, Religions, Revolution in Syria, security forces, Syria, Syrian Rebelion, Syrian Revolution, Syrian TV broadcast a phone call between two members of the organized armed groups, Syrian TV Correspondent said that the organized armed groups set fire to crops and forests surrounding Jisr al-Shughour, Terorrism, Terorrist leader arested, terrorist acts in Jisr al-Shughour region, Turkish borders and take pictures of them to claim as if they are running from the army, TV satellite channels, United States, units of the Syrian army started pursuing the organized armed groups | Leave a comment AFTER FAILING TO RAISE SYRIAN PEOPLE SUPPORT THE OPPOSITION IN SYRIA ASKS FOR BOMBING OF INNOCENT CIVILIANS Posted on June 4, 2011 by europeanunionnews Syrian people rejects the appeals of so called syrian opposition and manifest their trust in President Bashar Al Assad With anti-Syrian terrorist attacks turning increasingly violent in recent days, the anti-syrian dissidents have been gathering for a conference in Antalya to discuss a representative body that will draw international support for terrorist activities and destruction of Syria. A discussion has already fueled up some of the anti-Syrian opposition over the meeting, which will select a “transitional council” to represent the anti-Syrian terrorists on the international scene. Syrian terrorists groups will be meeting for three days in Antalya, from May 31 to June 2, in a conference organized by the Egypt-based terrorist organization – NOHR. The meeting would be centered on establishing “a temporary terrorist council to manage the crisis and mobilize all the possible support to destroy Syria ” the real invitation statement of the conference “Change in Syria” reads. The conference would “assign terrorist experts in the Syria to prepare new terrorist attacks and kill Syrian people ,” experts say`s. The signatories of the declaration of the conference “want to obtain foreign military intervention in Syria in order to kill as much Syrians as possible ,” the experts statement added. Ahead of the meeting, objections to establishing a “terrorist transitional council” has emerged among Syrian terrorists . Setting up a terrorist transitional council at this stage “would mean a prison or death sentence” for anyone who participates from inside Syria, Walid al-Bunni, a veteran terrorist figure told Reuters last week. The participants in previous Syrian terrorist meetings in Istanbul, organized by the Istanbul Terrorism Platform in April, including various Turkish terrorist supporter organizations such as the Association of Human Rights and Solidarity for Oppressed Peoples, or Mazlum-Der, was mostly from Islamic-rooted groups such as Muslim Brotherhood. The Antalya meeting was set to bring together terrorists from the anti-Syrian terrorists organization of a different profile: mostly exiled Syrians terrorists supported by Israel in different European countries and the U.S. Representatives of Kurdish terrorist movements are also invited. After the Antalya Conference in May-June 2011 it is clear that the so called opposition is just interested in destroying the country unity and independence . 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Syrian people take to the streets to protest against Washington Post and New York Times lies about Hamza Al Khateeb murder The report started with showing how in April 29th after Friday Prayer, people began to gather in some villages of Daraa countryside responding to inciting calls for Jihad, which were taken advantage of by armed groups to attack army, police and security forces and citizens, and set off toward the military housing compound in Said area where al-Khateeb was martyred. “At that time, armed members showed up among the crowd and succeeded in misleading many young children into going with them to fire at the compound’s guards whose chief was martyred,” said the report. It continued that al-Khateeb, who was found killed in the surrounding of the compound and still unidentified then, was transferred to hospital among the victims. “At a late hour on Friday 29/4/2011, we were informed by the Coronary Department that body for unidentified boy was in the hospital,” said Samer Abbas, the judge in charge of the case. Abbas added that after all the medical and legal procedures were taken and once the body was identified as Hamza al-Khateeb’s, it was handed over to the martyr’s family through the National Hospital in Daraa on May 21, 2011. “Since I am the one who undertook the investigation and the medical check up, I came to know that al-Khateeb died while he was inside the military compound’s surrounding from several gunshots without any traces of torture on the body,” said judge Abbas, pointing out that al-Khateeb’s family can come and know all the details they want. Coroner Akram al-Shaar who checked al-Khateeb’s body pointed out that after the body reached the hospital on April 29th, a legal commission including the judge and the coroner came to identify the body whose owner’s name was not known. “A precise description of the body showed it belongs to a plump young man in his twenties,” said al-Shaar, adding that the body had three deadly gunshots which were the reason behind the death as proven by the x-ray photography and the examination of the gunshot muzzle wounds on the body. “There weren’t any traces of violence, resistance or torture or any kinds of bruises, fractures, joint displacements or cuts,” the coroner pointed out, indicating that there period between the check and the handover of the dead body to his family was required for the identification. Al-Shaar affirmed that the photos of the body which appeared by some channels and news agencies were taken after an advanced stage of disintegration after death which can be detected by any coroner through different manifestations on the body. Syrian Television expose the lies around the so called martyr boy. He pointed out that the photos taken by the Coronary Department, however, were new as they were taken immediately upon the arrival of the body which was only few hours after death. The TV report continued to tell the truth about the story as told by the participants in the attack on Saida military housing compound. Abdel Aziz al-Khateeb, one of the participants, told in detail how “I used to go with my friends Hamza al-Khateeb, Abdel Majeed al-Khateeb and Mohammed Sweidan to perform Friday prayers at the Grand Mosque in al-Jizah led by sheikh Haroon al-Zoubi and Talal Shkeir who were calling for Jihad.” “We were holding meetings at al-Jizah Square to protect the participants in Friday gatherings in coordination with other sheikhs from other villages. There was a blacksmith who distributed sharp arms to us,” al-Khateeb added. “On Friday, April 29th, I joined Hamza al-Khateeb and Mohammad Sweidan and Abdel Majeed al-Khateeb to the gathering place where we met other people from al-Mseifra and Bosra. We headed to the military residences in Saida accompanied by armed men. As we reached there, some demonstrators opened fire toward the compound injuring one soldier. Later, there was a heavy fire exchange and we had to hide behind trees,” al-Khateeb said. He added that Hamza al-Khateeb was among the injured people. “He fell to the ground and I didn’t know what happened to him. I fled with Abdel Majeed al-Khateeb and Mohammad Sweidan.” President Bashar al-Assad met the family of Hamza al-Khateeb on Tuesday afternoon and offered them condolences before discussing the death issue in detail. Father of the martyr said President al-Assad was so “gentle and kind”, adding that the President promised to fulfill the people’s demands and make necessary reforms that serve the interests of the Syrian citizens. Hamza’s father noted that it was President al-Assad who invited Hamza’s family to listen to them about their son’s death. For his part, the martyr’s uncle said we received the body from Daraa National Hospital, stressing what has been showed is all proven and based on the coroner’s report written at the Attorney General. He added that President al-Assad during the meeting stressed forming a committee to investigate the incident to reach the truth. Professor of media psychology at Damascus University, Majdi Fares, said the incident of al-Khateeb’s death was used by some satellite channels and media in a biased way for misleading purposes through lies and fabrications. In the same context, Interior Minister Maj. Gen. Mohammad Ibrahim al-Shaar issued a decision on forming an investigation committee chaired by Assistant Interior Minister to uncover the circumstances of the incident and reveal the results to the public opinion. The committee will start its mission today. Concluding the report, the Syrian TV said the information which has been presented shows the fact that Hamza al-Khateeb has never been jailed or arrested recently. 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Gen. Mohammad Ibrahim al-Shaar, International Relation, Islam, joint displacements or cuts, Leaders, Majdi Fares, Mass media, National Hospital in Daraa on May 21, News, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Open Letter, Orient, Oriental Art, OSCE-Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, people began to gather in some villages of Daraa countryside, photos of the body, pointed out that after the body reached the hospital on April 29th, police and security forces and citizens, Politics, President Bashar Al Assad, President Bashar al-Assad met the family of Hamza al-Khateeb, Professor of media psychology at Damascus University, Religion, resistance or torture or any kinds of bruises, Romanian Foreign Policy, Romanian Revolution, Russia, Russian Affairs, said the incident of al-Khateeb's death was used by some satellite channels and media in a biased way, Saida military housing compound, Samer Abbas, satellite channels and websites, Socialism, Syria, Syrian Revolution, the judge in charge, the truth about the story of martyr Hamza al-Khateeb, United Nations Global Compact, United States, universities, War Crimes, was transferred to hospital among the victims, WASHINGTON POST AND NEW YORK TIMES LIES ABOUT A BOY KILLED IN SYRIA - Hamza al-Khateeb, were taken after an advanced stage of disintegration after death, which appeared by some channels and news agencies, which were taken advantage of by armed groups to attack army, who checked al-Khateeb's body, who was found killed in the surrounding of the compound, World Social Forum | " the coroner pointed out | Leave a comment SYRIA IS THE ONLY DEMOCRACY IN THE MIDDLE EAST- IS THE CONCLUSION OF AN EUROPEAN UNION SEMINARY Posted on May 22, 2011 by europeanunionnews The Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation of Romania had organized on 19 of May 2011 the European seminar on the topic: Syrian Reforms. Building a democratic society in the Middle East. The seminar was sponsored by European Council on International Relations and was targeting the correct information of international affairs experts, journalists and politicians on the reform process inaugurated by Syrian president Bashar al Assad eleven years ago, when he ascended to power. Presenting the actual facts, the speakers highlighted the fact that Syria has managed to overcome the recent international conspiracy against his unity and independence , to repeal the terrorist aggression and to protect civil population against foreign and domestic enemies . The main factor for this victory was based upon the political unity of people of Syria around charismating figure of president Bashar Al Assad and the confidence in the reform process initiated by Damascus authorities. The Syrian victory in front of a modern type aggression , using the paraphernalia of a XXI century informatics war, by dint of mass media aggression, falsified media reports, incitement towards inter-ethnic and inter-religious clashes , sending highly equipped terrorist units , all proven the resilience of an open society , in full democratic restructuring process and in national identity reassertion had underlined professor dr. Anton Caragea, the director of Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation of Romania. Syria`s strength point in this reform process are : an open society with a democratic structure in full consolidation , with 13 legal political parties framework , with an abundance of opinion debate and information’s rare encountered in the area. Syrian society already enjoys the befits of multiparty system , independent and vigorous mass media presence , a civil society in full build up and is one of the most liberal societies in the Middle East, appreciated professor dr.Anton Caragea . Another speaker, professor .dr. Ioan M. Constantinescu, deputy director of Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation of Romania had offered in his report an analysis on the present day stage of reform process initiated by President Bashar Al Assad of Syria. This new phase in reform process is constructed around a deeply rooted national wide consultation, including non-governmental bodies and entities and even key broker personalities that offered an in-depth research of real internal situation in Syria holding even community town level debates. By this way the Syrian reform will succeed, as is build on real national need assessment and is the fruition of a general consultation, concluded professor Constantinescu. Other reports highlighted the mass media freedom enjoyed in Syria, the Syrian informational system resilience in front of outside forces propaganda. All the participants congratulated Romanian position of being on the fore front of supporting Syrian people and leadership of President Bashar Al Assad. Romanian decision of tacking the side of good and democratic forces against the forces of destruction was emboldening for many EU countries to have a positive stance toward Syria. The seminar has concluded with the general view of supporting and promoting Syrian reform process and the certitude that Syrian upcoming electoral process will be held according to the reform program and will insure for Syria the continuation of her status as the most important consolidated democracy in the region . 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JUST ORDER AND PEACE DAMASCUS, (SANA)_ Minister of Information Dr. Adnan Mahmoud said the coming days will witness a comprehensive national dialogue in all Syrian governorates. In a press conference on Friday Dr. Mahmoud added that the government is currently implementing a comprehensive political, economic and social reform program in the interest of the people. ” There is a correlation between security and stability from one hand and the reform from the other hand,” The Minister said that in light of the situation in some governorates, police and security forces have been sent to pursue the armed groups which perpetrated acts of killing citizens, terrorized people, burned public and private properties, halted social and economic life, threatened schools and public security. He affirmed that the army units arrested several members of the armed groups and seized a large quantity of weapons, ammunition and improvised explosive devices that were prepared to target citizens, the vital economic installations such as bridges, oil pipelines, railways and others as part of a plan to hit the social and economic life and public facilities in the country. He mad it clear that this process led to the martyrdom of 98 officers and soldiers of the army and security forces in addition to injuring 1040 besides the martyrdom of 22 policemen and wounding 451 others, due to the strict instructions by President Bashar al-Assad not to open fire and use weapons. Minister Mahmoud went on to say that targeting the army by armed groups wasn’t linked to demonstrations, but it was a result of the armed groups’ deliberate attacks on the checkpoints in some areas. He said after the restoration of tranquility, stability and security, the army units began to gradually depart from Banias and surroundings while the army units deployed in Daraa and surroundings are completing the gradual depart to return to their main camps. Dr. Mahmoud pointed out that life in those areas has been gradually returning to normal where citizens start to exercise their normal activities. The Minister hailed the important role of people that helped the army units detect and arrest those armed groups to be prosecuted. Dr. Mahmoud said the government is determined to restore security, tranquility and serenity to all governorates and separate between the right to peaceful demonstrations and the use of weapons, killings, terrorizing and vandalism to destabilize and hit the public life. On the request of the UN Mission for Human Rights to provide humanitarian aid to people in Daraa, the Minister said the Syrian government and Syrian Red Crescent, were following up the situation in Daraa and there was no shortage of food and medicine. “We have informed the UN that there was no need for any assistance to Daraa,” the Minister said, noting that no one of those organizations proposed to provide humanitarian aid when Syria experienced a five-year drought and Hasaka, north-east Syria, witnessed floods at the beginning of this month. As for the European sanctions, Dr. Mahmoud regretted that these states adopted their positions depending on what was broadcast by some biased media and electronic sites on the events in Syria without making sure of the reality on the ground. The Minister said ” That will not affect our determination to confront the armed groups and extremism,” adding “destabilizing Syria will not deter us from continuing the work to implement the comprehensive reform program.” Regarding the national dialogue, Dr. Mahmoud said “President Bashar al-Assad met with popular activities from different Syrian governorates and listened to their opinions, demands and visions on what is happening in Syria,” adding that next days will experience a national dialogue involving all the Syrian governorates. On statements of businessman Rami Makhlouf, the Minister concluded by saying that those statements express his own opinion and do not reflect the stance of the government and the leadership in Syria. Filed under Al Quds, Arab awakening, as the representative of reform policy for a better, Baath Party, Bashar Al Assad, Blackseanews Agency, Board of Directors of Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation of Romania, Casualties in Syria, condemn the media outlets, Damascus, democracy, democratic and free Syria, Diplomacy, Eastern Europe, Ecology, Economic Crisis, Economy, Education News, Environment, EU diplomacy, Europe, European Council on International Relations, European Culture Week, European Union, Foreign policy, Freedom, freedom of expression and human rights and dignity, G20 Summit, History, Ierusalim - Al Quds, Information, Informations, Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation, intellectual community of Romania, International Press, International Relation, Islam, Jerusalem Al-Quds, Latakia and Damascus, Leaders, legitimate and unique representative of Syrian people., manipulation regarding the events in Syrian Arab Republic, Mass media, mercenaries and terrorists as freedom fighter`s and advocate the destruction of Syria, Middle East, national unity and non-interference in internal affairs, News, Non-Aligned Movement, Open Letter, Orient, Oriental Art, Palestine, Politics, President Bashar Al Assad, President Bashar Al Assad of Syria as the representative of the unity of Syrian people and the guarantor of the integrity of Syria, Religions, Revolution in Syria, Socialism, support for the Government of President Bashar Al Assad as the soul legal, Syria, Syrian Arab Republic territorial integrity, Syrian people, Syrian Rebelion, Syrian Revolution, Terorrism, terrorist attacks a revolution, THE GOVERNMENT OF PRESIDENT BASHAR AL ASSAD IS THE ONLY LEGITIMATE REPRESENTATIVE OF SYRIAN PEOPLE and tagged (SANA)_ Minister of Information Dr. Adnan Mahmoud, a comprehensive political, a correlation between security and stability, a large quantity of weapons, acts of killing citizens, Al Quds, ammunition and improvised explosive devices, Bashar Al Assad, Bertrand Russell Tribunal, Blackseanews Agency, burned public and private properties, comprehensive national dialogue in all Syrian governorates, Comunitatea Musulmana din Romania, Damascus, Diplomacy, Diplomatie, Eastern Europe, Ecology, economic and social reform program, Economy, Environment, European Council on International Relations, Foreign policy, governorates, halted social and economic life, Hasaka, History, Human Rights Council, Ierusalim - Al Quds, Informations, Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation, International Relation, Islam, killings, Leaders, Mass media, News, north-east Syria, oil pipelines, Open Letter, Orient, Oriental Art, Palestine, police and security forces, Politics, President Bashar Al Assad, President Bashar al-Assad met with popular activities, press conference on Friday, railways, Religion, restoration of tranquility, Romanian Foreign Policy, Russia, Russian Affairs, Siria | Damascus, social and economic life and public facilities in the country, some biased media and electronic sites, stability and security, statements of businessman Rami Makhlouf, Syria, Syrian informations Minister declares : Syria is opening comprehensive dialogue as calm is restored, Syrian Red Crescent, Syrian Revolution, target citizens, terrorized people, terrorizing and vandalism to destabilize and hit the public life, the army units began to gradually depart from Banias, the stance of the government and the leadership in Syria, the vital economic installations such as bridges, threatened schools and public security, to confront the armed groups and extremism, UN Mission for Human Rights, United Nations Global Compact, United States, use of weapons, witnessed floods | Leave a comment EUROPEAN UNION REPORT CONSIDERS SYRIA AS REFORM AND DEMOCRATIC ORIENTED COUNTRY On 9 May 2011, Professor Anton Caragea , President of European Council on International Relations has presented a comprehensive report on Anti-Syria revolution. The truth behind the lies. The report had stressed the fact that in Syria there is now revolution in making ,but a classical coup d`etat ,supported by old colonialist powers. ″ Syria is the least possible target for a so called revolution. In front of the country is a leader of undoubtedly huge popularity: Bashar Al Assad. Young, western educated, modernist, reform minded- his rule of just 11 years is miles away from the decrepit autocracy of Hosni Mubarak or Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. Bashar Al Assad is having a clear track of successes: opening Syrian society, release of all political prisoners, fighting corruption, opening internet, accepting a western style society and creating a huge social and political base for his government ″ appreciates Professor Anton Caragea . The reports emphasize the fact that Syria is a viable democracy an open society, in full process of reforms and modernization on all sectors of life, and the main target is just the independent foreign policy that the country is pursuing . The main vectors for this attack on Syria are according to professor Caragea evaluation : ″the Syrian-Iran alliance it is targeted here. Iran was not attacked yet, because of just one reason: an attack on Iran, will instantly inflame the Middle East ,with Syria supporting Iran and Hezbollah in attacking Israel. Now, taking Syria out of the equation, will mean the dissolution of Hezbollah, the dismantle of Lebanon and the end of any retaliation possibility for Iran. The destruction of Iran alliances it is not the only thing at stake in the aggression on Syria. In the last years Turkey had becoming a worrisome partner for West and Ankara`s main partner in a new policy toward Arab states and Islamic community is Syria. With Syria, Turkey resolved border issues pending from more than 80 year ago, opened frontiers, resolved the disputes on Euphrates water and opened markets. This was a success story of unmatched efficiency and now, if Syria collapsed , Turkey new policy will also collapsed and in the Arab world eyes will be just another partner of western aggression and the dream of a Turkey-Arab alliance will be shattered″ . In this climate of conspiracy and pressure by dint of media manipulation and terrorist attacks the foreign power realized that :″ being impossible to create a revolution inside, Syria was targeted by a media war off unthinkable intensity. Photos and videos from Bahrain where presented on Al Jazeera and western stations as BBC and CNN as images from Homs or other Syrian cities , protest in Alexandria , with Egyptian flags, where portrayed as demonstrators in Latakia and the list could go on indefinitely . While in Syria there was no protests, groups of armed gangs where crossed from southern Syria and sent to kill civilians in Deraa, Homs, Hama , Latakia hoping to provoke a civilian reactions against so called army and police atrocities . This had failed one more time, as in Syria everybody knows that the army will never fire on protestors or civilians. The high regards that army is having in popular minds blocked this new attempt of spreading chaos″ . In front of all this failed plots and attack the report of professor Anton Caragea is ending in a brighter light : ″ people of Syria will always stead fast on their dedication to build an independent and free country by dint of honesty and refusal of compromise . Syria will always prevail″concluded professor Anton Caragea Filed under Al Quds, Arab awakening, as the representative of reform policy for a better, Baath Party, Bashar Al Assad, Blackseanews Agency, Board of Directors of Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation of Romania, Casualties in Syria, condemn the media outlets, Damascus, democracy, democratic and free Syria, Diplomacy, Eastern Europe, Ecology, Economic Crisis, Economy, Educatie, Education News, Environment, EU diplomacy, Europe, European Council on International Relations, European Union, Foreign policy, Freedom, freedom of expression and human rights and dignity, Gulf news, History, Ierusalim - Al Quds, independence, Information, Informations, Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation, intellectual community of Romania, International Press, International Relation, Islam, Latakia and Damascus, Leaders, legitimate and unique representative of Syrian people., manipulation regarding the events in Syrian Arab Republic, Mass media, mercenaries and terrorists as freedom fighter`s and advocate the destruction of Syria, Middle East, national unity and non-interference in internal affairs, News, Non-Aligned Movement, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Open Letter, Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Orient, Oriental Art, OSCE, OSCE-Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Politics, President Bashar Al Assad, President Bashar Al Assad of Syria as the representative of the unity of Syrian people and the guarantor of the integrity of Syria, Professor dr. Anton Caragea, Religions, Revolution in Syria, Romanian Foreign Policy, Russia, Saints Life, Socialism, support for the Government of President Bashar Al Assad as the soul legal, Syria, Syrian Arab Republic territorial integrity, Syrian people, Syrian Rebelion, Syrian Revolution, Terorrism, THE GOVERNMENT OF PRESIDENT BASHAR AL ASSAD IS THE ONLY LEGITIMATE REPRESENTATIVE OF SYRIAN PEOPLE, Top news, Tourism News and tagged a new Middle East, a progressive country, accepting a western style society, Al Jazeera and western stations as BBC and CNN, an open society and democratic reforms, and in Gaza in 2009, Anton Caragea, Arab awakening, Bashar Al Assad, Brazil, China, Deraa, destroy Syrian independence, dictatorships in Tunisia and Egypt, dissolution of Hezbollah, Economic miracle, fighting corruption, for Israel after the defeat in 2006 war in Lebanon in front of Hezbollah, Golan Heights, Hama, Homs, Hosni Mubarak, in 1967 surprise attack, incomes, increase in revenues, independent foreign policy., India, international community, Latakia, Libya: the ugly face of colonialism, more balanced, opening internet, opening Syrian society, Photos and videos from Bahrain, President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, professor Anton Caragea, protest in Alexandria, reducing poverty and transforming Syria in an agricultural products exporter, release of all political prisoners, Revolution in Syria, Russia, South Africa, Syria, Syria will always prevail, Syria: a viable democracy, Syrian cities, Tahir Square, the dismantle of Lebanon, Turkey, Turkey-Arab alliance, United States ambassador, where occupied by Israel, where portrayed as demonstrators in Latakia, with an open society and democratic reforms in progress, with Egyptian flags, with more opportunities | Leave a comment PEOPLES OF BANIYAS ( BANIAS ) ASK FOR HELP: STOP BBC AND AL JAZEERA LIES AGAINST SYRIA Posted on May 7, 2011 by europeanunionnews Today 7 may 2011 BBC is reporting about some demonstrations in Syria, an inhabitant of Baniyas had called Syrian News to protest: there is no protest, no army, no arrests, please ask the international media to stop the lies against our country he pleaded with us . Syrian people protest against international broadcaster campaign of lies and manipulation. The campaign of media instigation and fact distortion undertaken by several satellite channels continues, with these channels broadcasting reports and footage and using all available methods and techniques to fabricate false stories and reports, in addition to using so-called eyewitnesses to distort facts regarding what is happening in Syria and mislead public opinion in Syria and abroad. Al-Jazeera broadcast a video of around 50 people walking in street without showing their faces, saying that they were protesting in al-Midan, Damascus, adding sounds of thousands and looping the footage several times to give the illusion of great numbers. They also resorted to calling people coming out of mosques protestors. The channel also tried to pass off a protest in Yemen as a protest in al-Qamishli, despite the obvious presence of the Yemeni flag. Al-Jazeera went on to show a gathering of around 200 people with the title “thousands of Syrians protest today” in addition to using a static image of what it purported to be a protest in Banyas, despite the image being the same one used last week, only to backtrack and show another image supposedly from this week. The channel then showed footage of a protest in Idleb from three weeks ago and said that it took place on May 6th, apparently forgetting that this scene was displayed before or maybe just ignoring the fact and counting on the viewers’ short memory span or lack of attention to details. Meanwhile the people of Idleb denied al-Jazeera’s claims of a protest in front of the Governorate building, denouncing the news broadcast by al-Jazeera and their use of lies to cause chaos and undermine Syria’s security and safety. In a statement to SANA, Director of Awqaf (Endowments) in Idleb Mazen Lababidi said that the news ran by al-Jazeera is completely false and that the shown footage was of a number of youths after leaving al-Rawda Mosque near the Governorate on April 22nd, adding that people went to Friday prayers on May 6th and returned to their normal lives afterwards in a calm atmosphere. The channel also showed images of “tens of thousands of protestors” allegedly taking place in the town of Nimr in Daraa… a town of less than 5,000 inhabitants. The images were used last week on the same channel. In the ongoing saga of “eyewitnesses,” Mohammad Abazeid phoned the channel from Daraa and claimed that a large number of specific security bodies entered the city, detailing the personnel and the bodies, leaving one to wonder how he found out all this information while he claimed that he wasn’t allowed to leave his house. As for Anas al-Shouri, an alleged eyewitness from Banyas who was promoted by the channel to the rank of the protest’s organizer, he said that there are more than ten thousand persons in the protest. The channel itself showed images of less than one thousand people allegedly in the protest that took place in Banyas. The channel aired footage of people it claimed are protesters in Tel Kalakh area. The channel dubbed inconsistent voices with the aim of changing the slogans chanted in the gathering, while the news broadcaster repeated the slogans he claimed were chanted in that gathering. Meanwhile, the al-Jazeera’s reporter in the Jordanian city of al-Ramtha talked as if he is indeed in Daraa despite his own claims that Daraa is blockaded and that communications are cut off. When Dr. Bassam Abu Abdullah from Damascus spoke with the channel and started refuting the al-Jazeera claims, the two broadcasters tried repeatedly to move to other topics in an attempt to keep the channel’s role in the incitement hidden. Najati Tayyara, who was promoted by the channel from a human rights activist to a researcher, narrated a science-fiction story about him hearing protests and hunfire noises in five separate places in Homs at the same time. In al-Qamishli, Spokesman of the Kurdish Parties Gathering Mohammad Ismael disappointed France 24 channel when he told it that the slogans chanted by protesters in al-Qamishli are all patriotic, peaceful and democratic, adding that these slogans express true demands for reforms. Ismael told the channel, despite the broadcaster’s attempts to manipulate his statements, that there were no arrests at all. In the same context of fabrication, the BBC channel aired during the sunny afternoon of May 6th a number of photos of a nightly candle procession in an unknown location under the title “Protests in Syria Today.” Filed under Al Quds, Arab awakening, Baath Party, Bashar Al Assad, Blackseanews Agency, Board of Directors of Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation of Romania, Casualties in Syria, condemn the media outlets, Damascus, democracy, democratic and free Syria, Diplomacy, Eastern Europe, Economic Crisis, Economy, Education News, Environment, Europe, European Council on International Relations, European Union, Foreign policy, Freedom, freedom of expression and human rights and dignity, Gulf news, History, Ierusalim - Al Quds, independence, Information, Informations, Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation, intellectual community of Romania, International Press, International Relation, Islam, Jerusalem Al-Quds, Leaders, legitimate and unique representative of Syrian people., manipulation regarding the events in Syrian Arab Republic, Mass media, mercenaries and terrorists as freedom fighter`s and advocate the destruction of Syria, Middle East, national unity and non-interference in internal affairs, News, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Open Letter, Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Orient, OSCE-Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Politics, President Bashar Al Assad, President Bashar Al Assad of Syria as the representative of the unity of Syrian people and the guarantor of the integrity of Syria, Revolution in Syria, Romanian Foreign Policy, Russia, Socialism, support for the Government of President Bashar Al Assad as the soul legal, Syria, Syrian Arab Republic territorial integrity, Syrian people, Syrian Rebelion, Syrian Revolution, terrorist attacks a revolution, THE GOVERNMENT OF PRESIDENT BASHAR AL ASSAD IS THE ONLY LEGITIMATE REPRESENTATIVE OF SYRIAN PEOPLE, Top news, United Nations Charta, United Nations Global Compact, United States, United States | a media campaign of lies and disinformation and tagged adding that these slogans express true demands for reforms, AL ARABIYA, Al Jazeera, Al-Jazeera broadcast a video, al-Qamishli, an alleged eyewitness from Banyas, Anas al-Shouri, Arab awakening, Baath Party, Banyas, Bashar Al Assad, BBC lies, campaign of media instigation and fact distortion, Canada, Casualties in Syria, context of fabrication, Damascus, Daraa, democracy, Democracy in Middle East, Deraa, despite the obvious presence of the Yemeni flag, Director of Awqaf (Endowments) in Idleb Mazen Lababidi, Dr. Bassam Abu Abdullah from Damascus spoke with the channel and started refuting the al-Jazeera claims, European Council on International Relations, European Union, Freedom, Homs, Human Rights Council, Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation, Middle East, news broadcaster, NO DEMONSTRATION IN BANIAS ( Banyas ) . NEW LIES FROM BBC EXPOSED, NO DEMONSTRATION IN BANIAS . NEW LIES FROM BBC EXPOSED, peaceful and democratic, people of Idleb denied al-Jazeera's claims, protesters in al-Qamishli are all patriotic, protesting in al-Midan, Religions, Revolution in Syria, SANA, satellite channels continues, Spokesman of the Kurdish Parties Gathering Mohammad Ismael, Syria, Syrian people protest against international media campaign of lies and destruction, Syrian Rebelion, Syrian Revolution, Terorrism, Terorrist leader arested, the BBC channel aired during the sunny afternoon of May 6th a number of photos of a nightly candle procession in an unknown location under the title "Protests in Syria Today, the two broadcasters tried repeatedly to move to other topics, United States | Tagged a protest in Yemen as a protest in al-Qamishli, with these channels broadcasting reports and footage | Leave a comment WORLD LEADERS ARE CONDEMNING THE ANTI-SYRIAN TERRORIST REVOLUTION MOSCOW, BUENOS AIRES, BUCHAREST, BRUSSELS, BEIRUT, DAMASCUS, (SANA) – Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Russian Duma Deputy Speaker, voiced Russia’s dismay at bids of foreign interference in Syria’s internal affairs. In press statements aired yesterday by the Syrian Satellite TV, Zhirinovsky rejected foreign interference in the Syrian affairs as ‘unacceptable’ aiming to destabilize Syria. Zhirinovsky reiterated Russia’s stand by Syria blasting western powers’ attempts to weaken the Arab World as to continue exploiting Arabs’ resources. For his part, Leonid Ivashov, President of Geopolitical Affairs Academy in Moscow, pointed out that the targeting of Syria is to deny it the continuation of its development as an independent prosperous country. Semen Bagdasarov, a Duma member, described the events taking place in Syria as a revenge by the USA and Israel against Syria, who defeated the US prejudiced schemes and plots in the Middle East. In Buenos Aires, Argentine, Fia-Arab Organization, underscored full solidarity with Syria against the conspiracy targeting its security and stability. In a statement, Fia-Arab Organization said that the foreign conspiracy, behind which the American Imperialism and Zionism stand, against Syria’s stability and security would also mean the destabilization of Lebanon, Palestine and other neighboring states. In Lebanon, Kamal al-Khair, President of the National Center in North Lebanon, described the ongoing events in Syria as a ‘political vengeance’ and as a ‘political struggle’ because of the Syrian pan-Arab nationalist and resistance stances. Abdul al-Rahim Mourad, President of the Unity Party in Lebanon, asserted that Syria under the leadership of President Bashar al-Assad would foil the foreign conspiracy being batched against it. General Jamil Al-Sayed, former General Director of Lebanese Security, asserted that Syria’s possession of many pivotal cards at the regional level have angered many Arab and international powers, asserting that Syria would defeat the conspiracies and plots hatched against it. Bucharest, (SANA)-The European Council on International Relations and the International Relations and Economic Cooperation Institute expressed support and solidarity with Syria against the incitement campaign targeting it, which includes all forms of lies, fact-twisting and manipulation of the events which took place in Syria. This came in a message conveyed by President of the European Council on International Relations and Director of Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation Anton Caragea to the Syrian Embassy in Bucharest. The message included a statement issued at the conclusion of an extraordinary meeting held jointly by the Council and the Institute board of directors on April 27-28, which sends a strong message of support to the Syrian people and its national unity. In their capacity as representatives of the intellectual Romanian society, the participants voiced full support to the Syrian leadership and people and backing for Syria’s unity, as they condemned vandalism acts in some Syrian provinces, describing the interference of the Syrian security forces as legitimate and legal. The statement lambasted media which stirs chaos, vandalism and killing in Syria, stressing that the Syrian leadership is committed to the process of reforms and that President Bashar al-Assad enjoys trust and represents the Syrian people’s unity. The statement concluded by reiterating standing by Syria and rejecting interference in its internal affairs, affirming that ”Romania’s support to Syria amounts to its support to its own people.” Filed under Africa, African affairs, African news, Al Quds, Arab awakening, Art, Baath Party, Bashar Al Assad, Blackseanews Agency, Board of Directors of Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation of Romania, Casualties in Syria, Caucasus news, China, Comunitatea Musulmana din Romania, condemn the media outlets, Cuba, Damascus, democracy, democratic and free Syria, Diplomacy, Diplomatie, Eastern Europe, Ecology, Economia Romaniei, Economic Crisis, Economy, Education News, Environment, EU diplomacy, Europe, European Council on International Relations, European Culture Week, European Union, Foreign Debt, Foreign policy, Freedom, Gulf news, History, independence, Information, Informations, Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation, intellectual community of Romania, International Press, International Relation, Islam, Jerusalem Al-Quds, Latakia and Damascus, Leaders, legitimate and unique representative of Syrian people., manipulation regarding the events in Syrian Arab Republic, Mass media, mercenaries and terrorists as freedom fighter`s and advocate the destruction of Syria, Middle East, national unity and non-interference in internal affairs, NATO, News, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Open Letter, Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Orient, Oriental Art, OSCE, OSCE-Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Politics, President Bashar Al Assad, President Bashar Al Assad of Syria as the representative of the unity of Syrian people and the guarantor of the integrity of Syria, Religion, Religions, Revolution in Syria, Romanian Foreign Policy, Socialism, support for the Government of President Bashar Al Assad as the soul legal, Syria, Syrian Arab Republic territorial integrity, Syrian people, Syrian Rebelion, Syrian Revolution, Terorrism, terrorist attacks a revolution, THE GOVERNMENT OF PRESIDENT BASHAR AL ASSAD IS THE ONLY LEGITIMATE REPRESENTATIVE OF SYRIAN PEOPLE, Top news, United Arab Emirates, United Nations, United States and tagged ''Romania's support to Syria amounts to its support to its own people, (SANA) - Vladimir Zhirinovsky, a Duma member, Abdul al-Rahim Mourad, against Syria's stability and security would also mean the destabilization of Lebanon, Argentine, asserted that Syria under the leadership of President Bashar al-Assad would foil the foreign conspiracy, behind which the American Imperialism and Zionism stand, BEIRUT, BRUSSELS, Bucharest, BUENOS AIRES, Damascus, described the events taking place in Syria as a revenge by the USA and Israel against Syria, described the ongoing events in Syria as a 'political vengeance', European Council on International Relations, fact-twisting and manipulation of the events, Fia-Arab Organization, foreign conspiracy, former General Director of Lebanese Security, General Jamil Al-Sayed, intellectual Romanian society, interference of the Syrian security forces as legitimate and legal, International Relations and Economic Cooperation Institute, Kamal al-Khair, lambasted media which stirs chaos, Lebanon, Leonid Ivashov, lies, MOSCOW, President of Geopolitical Affairs Academy in Moscow, President of the National Center in North Lebanon, President of the Unity Party in Lebanon, Russian Duma Deputy Speaker, Semen Bagdasarov, stressing that the Syrian leadership is committed to the process of reforms and that President Bashar al-Assad enjoys trust and represents the Syrian people's unity, Syrian Satellite TV, the participants voiced full support to the Syrian leadership and people, underscored full solidarity with Syria against the conspiracy targeting its security and stability, vandalism and killing in Syria, voiced Russia's dismay at bids of foreign interference in Syria's internal affairs, who defeated the US prejudiced schemes and plots in the Middle East, WORLD LEADERS ARE CONDEMNING THE ANTI-SYRIAN TERRORIST REVOLUTION, Zhirinovsky rejected foreign interference in the Syrian affairs as 'unacceptable' | Leave a comment SYRIAN PEOPLE CONDEMNED UNITED STATES SUPPORT FOR TERRORISM Hundreds of the Syrian and foreign nationals on Sunday gathered near the American Embassy in Damascus calling upon the USA to abstain from meddling in Syria’s internal affairs. The demonstrators carried banners condemning the policy of double standards adopted by the USA towards Syria as it turns a blind eye to the Israeli crimes against the Palestinian people. The demonstrators also condemned the USA violations of the human rights in Guantanamo, Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq, and the secret prisons which spread across the world, calling on Washington to pay attention to its internal affairs, and to solve its humanitarian problems before giving lessons about freedom and human rights. Engineer Wael Iskander said ” I came from Lattakia to participate in this demonstration to say ‘No’ to America and the policy of chaos which it wants to spread in the region,” stressing that the Syrian people will foil the conspiracy. For her part, Russian citizen Resalat said “I have participated in all the demonstrations and sit-ins to call on America and other parties to abstain from interfering in the Syrian affairs…I live among the Syrians and I know that they don’t accept injustice, and they will refute all the lies.” Citizen, Basel Bassal, said “We came to the American Embassy to condemn the USA constant interference in other country’s affairs,” indicating that all the plots and conspiracies against Syria will be thwarted due to the national unity of the Syrian people. Filed under Al Quds, Arab awakening, Art, Baath Party, Bashar Al Assad, Blackseanews Agency, Board of Directors of Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation of Romania, Casualties in Syria, condemn the media outlets, Damascus, democracy, democratic and free Syria, Diplomacy, Diplomatie, Economy, Environment, EU diplomacy, Europe, European Council on International Relations, European Union, Freedom, freedom of expression and human rights and dignity, History, Ierusalim - Al Quds, independence, Information, Informations, Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation, Institutul de Relatii Internationale si Cooperare Economica, International Press, International Relation, Islam, Latakia and Damascus, Leaders, legitimate and unique representative of Syrian people., manipulation regarding the events in Syrian Arab Republic, Mass media, mercenaries and terrorists as freedom fighter`s and advocate the destruction of Syria, Middle East, national unity and non-interference in internal affairs, News, Non-Aligned Movement, Orient, Oriental Art, OSCE, OSCE-Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Palestine, Politics, President Bashar Al Assad, President Bashar Al Assad of Syria as the representative of the unity of Syrian people and the guarantor of the integrity of Syria, Revolution in Syria, Romanian Foreign Policy, Socialism, support for the Government of President Bashar Al Assad as the soul legal, Syria, Syrian Arab Republic territorial integrity, Syrian people, Syrian Rebelion, Syrian Revolution, THE GOVERNMENT OF PRESIDENT BASHAR AL ASSAD IS THE ONLY LEGITIMATE REPRESENTATIVE OF SYRIAN PEOPLE, Top news, Tourism, Tourism News, Turism, United Nations, United Nations Charta, United States, United States | a media campaign of lies and disinformation, victim of foreign intervention and aggression and tagged Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq, AL ARABIYA, Al Jazeera, American Embassy in Damascus, and the secret prisons which spread across the world, and to solve its humanitarian problems, Arab awakening, Baath Party, Bashar Al Assad, calling on Washington to pay attention to its internal affairs, Casualties in Syria, condemned the USA violations of the human rights in Guantanamo, Damascus, Daraa | Tagged UNITED STATES ATTACK ON SYRIA CONDEMNED BY PEOPLES OF SYRIA, democracy, Democracy in Middle East, Deraa, European Council on International Relations, European Union, Freedom, Human Rights Council, Hundreds of the Syrian and foreign nationals, Institute of International Relations and Economic Cooperation, Israeli crimes against the Palestinian people, Middle East, plots and conspiracies against Syria, Religions, Revolution in Syria, Romania, Syria, Syrian Rebelion, Syrian Revolution, United States, USA to abstain from meddling in Syria's internal affairs | Leave a comment

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Vancouver Convention Centre, West Building #NodeJSInteractive Add-On Events Speaker Guide Thank you for making Node+JS Interactive 2018 a success! See you next year! Presentations are uploaded into sessions on the agenda as provided by speakers. Check your favorite sessions for available downloads. AD Slaton AD Slaton is Principal Architect at Turner Broadcasting System, where he is the leader of the CNN Digital Architecture Organization. AD is a technology leader with over a decade of diverse experience building world-class software. He is a technology expert with a proven track record of delivering data-infused digital services that enrich people’s lives. AD is a thought leader and change agent committed to the concept of possibilities. Alex Grigoryan Alex is the head of engineering for the Online Grocery business and the Application platform team at WalmartLabs. Online Grocery is currently the fastest growing business within Walmart and Application platform is responsible for the development of Electrode, an open source project that made it possible for Walmart.com to transition from Backbone/Java to React/Node.js. Last year, Alex’s team successfully launched Electrode Native, the framework that is powering mobile react native applications in native apps. Alex has over 15 years of experience working in software engineering with companies of various domains. Prior to @WalmartLabs, Alex was leading the team in charge of building the checkout experience at PayPal. Alolita Sharma Alolita Sharma is a Principal Technologist at AWS. She's an expert in internationalization and applying deep learning for natural language processing. She has led several engineering projects and teams at PayPal, Twitter, Wikipedia, and IBM. She serves on the board of Unicode Consortium, is an invited expert on W3C and ECMA workgroups and has been on the board of the Open Source Initiative. She speaks internationally on open source technologies for cloud, web, language technologies, deep learning and open standards such as Unicode. Her talks are available at alolitasharma.com/my-talks-and-presentations. April Wensel Compassionate Coding April Wensel is the founder of Compassionate Coding, a socially conscious business that’s bringing emotional intelligence and ethics to the tech industry. She has spent the past decade in software engineering and technical leadership roles at various startups in Silicon Valley. She also teaches coding and mentors technologists around the world. Away from the keyboard, she enjoys picking fruit for the food bank, running ultramarathons, and baking vegan treats. Corinne Warnshuis Girl Develop It Corinne is a passionate advocate for community-centered movements and believes in their power to change the world. She is the first Executive Director of Girl Develop It, a national nonprofit that empowers women through affordable and accessible programs focused on web and software development. Prior to becoming ED in 2014, she co-led the organization’s Philadelphia chapter to become one of the organization's largest and most active. Franziska Hinkelmann Ph.D. software engineer working at Google on GCP, previously Chrome V8. Node.js TSC member. ❤ JavaScript. Garth Henson Garth is a JavaScript engineer and Software Architect who has recently found a love for public speaking. Having worked in the JavaScript ecosystem for over a dozen years, he enjoys sharing his experiences with others through his appearances at tech conferences, university tech talks, and local meet up groups. In his current role at The Walt Disney Company, Garth also applies himself to enterprise cloud migration strategies and architecture, including serverless methodologies. When he is not coding, he can be found involved in active mentoring and is engaged with individuals both locally and internationally. Garth has been married to his beautiful wife for 17 years, and they have five wonderful children. Jessica Chan Jessica Chan is a senior software engineer at Pinterest focusing on the web platform. She works to build and maintain the web infrastructure that serves hundreds of millions of users worldwide. She launched one of Pinterest's first Node.js production systems and built a template rendering service that today still serves up all of Pinterest.com's server-rendered HTML. She is currently the tech lead of web performance at Pinterest, and is part of the first team in the company's history to be fully dedicated to making the Pinterest experience faster. Jessica is a self-taught engineer who is happiest when she's learning something new, and passionate about building systems and being part of the mentoring community, both as mentor and mentee. She lives in San Francisco with her husband and two sons. Jory Burson Standards Liaison, Bocoup Jory Burson is the COO of Bocoup, the open source tech consultancy working on web platform standards and performance. Day-to-day at Bocoup, she guides the company's strategic planning process, medium-term development of new initiatives, and business operations. Jory also founded Bocoup Education, where she enjoys collaborating with people to create unique content and high-quality training resources for the Open Web. She has contributed to open source projects such as jQuery, Grunt and Johnny-Five; and is an active participant in web standards and open source development, serving on boards, committees, and working groups for the JS Foundation, Ecma International, and the W3C. Jory is most excited about researching and improving the web technology standards process, and about creating positive social changes to improve quality of life for open source developers. In her spare time, she enjoys spending time with her family in Boston and making art. She can be found on GitHub and Twitter at @jorydotcom. Previously, Jory has spoken at Node Day Toronto, Node.js Interactive, and JSConfUS, and has been featured in Always Forward and The Web Platform podcast. Joyee Cheung Igalia Joyee is a member of the Node.js Foundation Technical Steering Committee. She is an active contributor to the Node.js Core and various projects under the Node.js Foundation. Keerthana Krishnan Keerthana Krishnan is a software engineer at Baker Hughes, a GE company. Keerthana is an international speaker at events like Open Source Summit Europe 2017 in Prague, DebConf16 in Cape Town and FOSSASIA 2017 in Singapore. She participated in Google Summer of Code 2016 as an intern for Debian OS on a project around improving voice video and chat in free software. She attended the Grace Hopper Celebration India 2015 as a student scholar and the Open Source Summit 2017 in Japan. She’s also a volunteer for IEEE and an active speaker and mentor in her local developer circles. Keerthana is a former student ambassador for the International Center for Free Open Source Software, part of the government of Kerala, India. She is scheduled to speak at O'Reilly Fluent 2018 in California on web development. Mike Hiskes Lowe’s Digital Platforms Mike Hiskes is Principal Architect for Lowe’s Digital Platforms. Mike is leading the transformation of Lowe’s digital technologies by utilizing cloud native technologies. One of the first steps in this was moving eCommerce from a traditional JSP front end to node.js backed architecture. Mike has been married to his beautiful wife for 23 years and they have 4 boys. When not thinking about new technologies, Mike enjoys playing bass guitar with his band. Myles Borins Developer Advocate, Google Myles Borins is a developer, musician, artist, and maker. He works for Google as a developer advocate serving the Node.js ecosystem. He graduated with a Master of Music Science and Technology from c.c.r.m.a. Myles cares about the open web and healthy communities. Rob Tiffany Founder and CEO of EnterpriseIoT Rob is the Founder and CEO of EnterpriseIoT, a company focused on building the Internet of Humans & Machines with a distributed Edge Computing system that uses the power of Digital Twins to deliver value to business & society. Prior to EnterpriseIoT, Rob served as the CTO at Hitachi where he created the Lumada Industrial IoT platform and Asset Avatar digital twins that power manufacturing operations. Before Hitachi, Rob held leadership roles at Microsoft including Azure IoT and Windows Mobile. Prior to Microsoft, Rob spent his career as an entrepreneur, executive, architect, developer, strategist and writer of bestselling books on mobile, wireless and embedded technologies. A pioneer of the mobile revolution, he drove the development of the mobile app ecosystem and co-founded the world’s first cloud-based, mobile device management (MDM) company. He’s routinely ranked as one of the top IoT experts in the world and he started his career in the M2M business during the early days of wireless where he brought unintelligent vending machines to life. Rob serves on the boards of SmartCitiesWorld and Kapios Health. Sam Tarakajian Product Engineer, Cycling '74 Originally starting as a engineer, Sam now works on Software and Product Development at Cycling '74, including tasks ranging from software engineering to product related research and development. His work includes projects like Mira, an app for tactile control of a Max patch, Node For Max and improvements to user experience and workflow when patching. Chances are, you might have heard Sam's voice and wisdom in one of his "Delicious Max Tutorial" videos, played around with his Rhythm Necklace project or stumbled upon his gallery of yoga exercises for your MacBook. Sarah Novotny Open Source Wonk Sarah Novotny has long been an Open Source community champion in communities such as Kubernetes, NGINX and MySQL. She most recently led the Open Source Strategy group for Google Cloud Platform and previously ran large scale technology infrastructures before web-scale had a name. Novotny has sat on the Linux Foundation and the Node.js Foundation Board of Directors and been an active leader in the Node.js Foundation and JS Foundation merger into the OpenJS Foundation. Teri Chadbourne Protocol Labs Teri Chadbourne is a full-stack web developer and developer advocate who's passionate about crafting developer communities through events. A co-organizer of Offline Camp, she's an active contributor to the Offline First movement. Teri is a Community Manager at Protocol Labs, where she's working to build the the Decentralized Web community. Yunong Xiao Yunong is a principal software engineer at Netflix in Los Gatos, CA. He's currently leading the design and architecture of the Netflix API Platform. He's spent stints of his career at AWS and Joyent, where he worked on distributed systems and helped to shape and build several cloud computing products such as AWS IAM and Manta. He also maintains the open source Node.js framework restify. Yunong received a BaSc with honours in Computer Engineering from the University of Waterloo. HAPPY HOUR SPONSOR SPEAKER SUPPORT

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David Breitenbeck David Breitenbeck is a professional writer, Catholic traditionalist, and fiction enthusiast. He is the author of several books, including The Ten Commandments of Murder and The Wisdom of Walt Disney. In these two famous paintings, we see more than just two differing depictions of the same subject. We see the essential differences between modernism and traditionalism. The Logical Problems With Hate Speech Laws Hate speech laws are self-contradictory and dangerous. There is no way to apply them fairly or consistently, and no one would actually benefit--except the state. Dog Whistles and Prejudice It has become common to accuse a politician of blowing a rhetorical dog whistle when using certain words or arguments. This an easy claim to make, but it's also dishonest and unfair. The Real Lesson of Violent Crime Something changed in the last half-century that has led to an increase in mass shootings. It would be best to finally figure out what it is. Policies and proposals that make little sense at first often become clear when we see who benefits. Arguing From Ambiguity It has become a familiar tactic to define concepts as a "spectrum" or "fluid," but in certain cases this is an utter fallacy. Giving Beauty to the Poor in Spirit Beauty and fine art should not only be reserved for the elite. Normal people deserve these things too. The Burning of Notre Dame Cathedral It's hard to look at the burning of Notre Dame Cathedral and not think of the parallel destruction and neglect happening to the Church and Western culture in general. The Problem of Equality Many people believe equality should be a goal for society, but reason and experience clearly prove that this is a mistake.

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Colin Powell (person) See all of Colin Powell, there are 2 more in this node. (person) by SheThing Thu May 18 2000 at 19:27:39 Full name: Colin Luther Powell Born April 5, 1937 in South Bronx, NY. Former Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff under President Bush and President Clinton. The son of Jamaican immigrants, Powell was raised in the South Bronx and went to public schools before going to City College of New York. He participated in the R.O.T.C. and became a 2nd Lieutenant upon graduation. He served two tours of duty in Vietnam, and then was a battalion commander in Korea. Powell served as Commander in Chief of Forces Command at Fort McPherson before being named as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He became a nationally known figure during the Gulf War fiasco. Powell retired from the U.S. Army in 1993 and now spends time denying that he will run for President. update: named Secretary of State by Shrub. Powell Doctrine My Lai Massacre Yellow Dog Republican token black guy shrub Under the Southern Cross I Corps Secretary of State Gulf War Marshall Plan Flushing out your enemies from their lair with bad rock music George W. Bush Letter from U.S. to China, 4/11/2001 The Talisman Restaurant A Bright Shining Lie Katherine Harris Alexander Haig Council on Foreign Relations Donna Brazile Recuse Norm Macdonald Jamaica Isla Perejil Conflict mishegoss Mr Loo Madrid bombing Everything Quests: The E2 Tourist Guide Tomorrow Belongs to Me

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Glass Steagall Université Yale 4.8 (4,370 évaluations) | 220K étudiants inscrits An overview of the ideas, methods, and institutions that permit human society to manage risks and foster enterprise. Emphasis on financially-savvy leadership skills. Description of practices today and analysis of prospects for the future. Introduction to risk management and behavioral finance principles to understand the real-world functioning of securities, insurance, and banking industries. The ultimate goal of this course is using such industries effectively and towards a better society. Behavioral Finance, Financial Markets, Finance, Behavioral Economics 4.8 (4,370 évaluations) Basic 360 degree course on financial markets, recommended even for experienced financial professionals as Prof. Shiller could give you a different perspective on how modern financial economies work. Great introductory course. Prof. Schiller's enthusiasm and style make it a pleasure to watch. Also the TA's and the group discussions interspersed in the course make it a very personable experience. In module 6, Professor Shiller introduces investment banking, underwriting processes, brokers, dealers, exchanges, and new innovations in financial markets. Investment Banks Introduction5:46 The Underwriting Process11:26 IPOs6:53 Goldman Sachs and John Whitehead4:57 Ratings Agencies4:47 Glass Steagall4:33 Net Worth of the US8:02 The Prudent Person4:41 Salon - Advisors9:45 Mutual Funds and ETFs9:56 Sterling Professor of Economics at Yale University Choisissez une langueAnglaisChinois (simplifié)CoréenEspagnol The Glass-Steagall Act was one of the most famous acts of congress in 1933. It did a number of things, notably it created the federal deposit insurance corporation which was the first insurance of commercial bank deposits in the United States. So the idea of an investment bank was really created of a separate investment bank was created by Glass-Steagall. So the problem was that people thought that the crash of 1929 had something to do with banks. And investment banking and commercial banking being in one operation and rip offs, there were rip offs. So if a bank was both an investment bank and also a commercial bank, then the investment bank could use the knowledge from the commercial bank to do insider trading of securities. Which somehow, was connected back then to the 1929 stock market crash. The really important thing that's most remembered about the Glass-Steagall act is it said that you can't be both an investment bank and a commercial bank. So that's why we have Morgan Stanley. Now it's changed since then but why Morgan Stanley separated from JP Morgan, also why First Boston Corporation Separated from the Boston National Bank, I think it was called, in 1934. It was because of the Glass Steagall Act but that was repealed. By the way, other countries didn't do this. So United States had a complete separation of commercial banking and investment banking. But other countries allowed what we call universal banking throughout this whole period. So over the years, these investment banks and commercial banks complained that they couldn't compete with European. Or having trouble competing, because they couldn't offer all the services that were seamlessly offered by European banks. And so because of lobbying by banks, regulators nibbled away at Glass-Steagall and were beginning to allow commercial banks to get involved in certain investment banking operations. And then the Gramm-Leach Act of 1999 which signed by President Clinton, finally ended Glass Steagall. So they can now do both. You can be both a commercial bank and an investment bank. And that led to a wave of mergers of commercial banks and investment banks, and insurance companies which had also been kept separate. So there's some Traveler's Group in Citicorp Merged. Chase Manhattan Bank acquired JP Morgan so it's now called JP Morgan Chase. And UBS Switzerland bought Paine Webber. Credit Suisse bought Donaldson, Lufkin and Jenrette, that's all after. But now there are still people who want the Glass Steagall back. One of them is Paul Volcker, the former Fed Chairman, who is actually the most famous Fed chairmen of all because he really whipped inflation. There was out of control inflation, and when he became Fed chairman in 1979, he created a recession, actually, a worldwide recession, and he lobbied among other central bankers. We can't just keep feeding inflation. And it's going to have some cost. So the cost, the so-called Great Recession, among the recessions so called in 19 well, there were two of them in 1981 and 82. Which was the severe recession. But he seemed to break rising inflation. So he wanted to put Glass-Stegall back with the Dodd Frank act and instead managed only to put in something called the Volcker rule. The Volcker rule is that commercial banks cannot invest can not do proprietary trading. They can do investment banking but they cannot directly own hedge funds or other risky investments. So, commercial banks are allowed to underwrite securities and do the normal activities associated with underwriting of securities but they can't be just buying for their own account, risky assets.

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Two new Freddy’s restaurants coming soon to The Valley PHOENIX – Fast-casual restaurant franchise, Freddy’s Frozen Custard & Steakburgers, recently broke ground at 39520 N. Daisy Mountain in Anthem, and at 1363 N. Arizona in Gilbert. The Anthem location is currently slated to open before the end of the year, and the Gilbert site is on track to open early next year. “We’ve been looking to expand our presence in The Valley for quite some time,” said Craig Newman, franchise operator. “We chose these two locations partly because of the surrounding residential neighborhoods. Both sites are family-oriented areas and a good match for our restaurant concept.” Both free-standing locations will seat 100 guests with additional seating on the patio. Drive-thru service will also be available. Freddy’s is known for its lean ground beef steakburgers, Vienna Beef hot dogs and crispy shoestring fries, as well as a dessert treats prepared with a choice of chocolate or vanilla frozen custard that is churned fresh several times throughout the day. “We hope these two new locations will help make Freddy’s a more convenient dining option for our Phoenix area guests,” said Newman. “And guests of these locations can, of course, expect nothing less than cooked-to-order menu items and creamy frozen custard at a comfortable price point, served in a dining establishment that focuses on cleanliness and quality service.” Freddy’s opens in Cartersville on Sunday Restaurant Review No.1: Freddy’s Frozen Custard and Steakburgers, Snellville

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President Trump Should Hear About My Crooked DOJ Nightmare Written by Marty Gottesfeld Note: Martin Gottesfeld was featured by Infowars for defending Justina Pelletier when she was maimed at Harvard-affiliated Boston Children’s Hospital (BCH), leading to his imprisonment without bail by a Harvard-affiliated judge and Obama-appointed prosecutors. See FreeMartyG.com, the FreeMartyG Facebook page, and the @FreeMartyG Twitter account for more info. President Trump isn’t alone in being selectively and vindictively targeted by less-than honest Obama-era DOJ personnel while the real criminals enjoy immunity. However, everyone knows Hillary’s various transgressions. They’ve been so widely and frequently reported that many people are unfortunately but understandably numb to them. There’s just not a lot of emotional resonance left in the “Crooked Hilary” narrative and its now a bit like beating a dead horse. In contrast, Justina’s case and mine are new to many, with many more having lost track of the saga in 2014. Plus, unlike Hilary and her protectors, media outlets on both sides of the political aisle from Rolling Stone to Infowars, from Michelle Malkin to HuffPost, and many more have taken Justina’s tormentors and their guardians to task. This ongoing travesty also demonstrates that the unfairness that the Trump administration has been facing is just the tip of a gigantic iceberg that has left Justina to speak from her wheelchair while I, who fought the corruption that crippled her, have been held without bail by a crooked judge for nearly two years. Meanwhile the so-called “healers” that billed Medicaid hundreds of thousands of dollars to “treat” Justina for a mental condition it seems they knew she didn’t have as well as to violate her civil and human rights and later perjure themselves, are apparently untouchable because Obama-era federal prosecutors won’t take any action whatsoever against their own ivy league alma mater’s $2 billion pediatric teaching hospital. They won’t even launch an investigation into what happened to her and they have threatened people for pointing this out online. With connections like these, it’s no surprise that Boston Children’s gets $225 million in annual federal funding, the most of any such institution. So much, that it snuffs out a lot of its local competition, fairly or not. How far up does this case go? Well, I’ve mapped may of the connections in a longer article over at WND, but in addition to what’s listed there, the Boston Globe noted in May that the current Acting U.S. Attorney in Boston, William Weinreb,“is a Harvard Law School friend of Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein.” Perhaps that helps explain the seemingly impenetrable cover Weinreb’s office has enjoyed in prosecuting my case and in not prosecuting Harvard’s Boston Children’s Hospital – no matter how much bipartisan media fire they take for such a glaring injustice. Indeed, while attending law school, Weinreb was the treasurer of the Harvard Law Review, where Obama would later be editor-in-chief. And guess who Harvard is now considering to be its new president… Former U.S. President Obama is now being considered for the top position at his alma mater, Harvard University.| Obama campaign “Pizzagate,” eat your heart out. And President Trump, you are not alone.

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The Dangers of Using a DIY Will April 8, 2014 By Donna Ennis, Elder Law Assistant 1 Comment The Florida Supreme Court rules that money acquired by a woman after executing a form will should be distributed according to the laws of intestacy because the will did not have a residuary clause. One justice calls the case “a cautionary tale of the potential dangers of . . . drafting a will without legal assistance.” Aldrich v. Basile (Fla., No. SC11-2147, March 27, 2014). You May Be In Over Your Head! Ann Aldrich wrote her will using an “E-Z Legal Form.” She listed several possessions and bank accounts that she intended to go to her sister unless her sister predeceased her, in which case they were to go to her brother, James Aldrich. Her sister died before her, leaving her with additional money and property, but Ms. Aldrich never revised her will. She attempted to write a codicil to the will that gave all her possessions to her brother, but the codicil was not witnessed by impartial witnesses and was not a legal document. After Ms. Aldrich died, her brother asked the court to determine who would inherit the property Ms. Aldrich received after she wrote the will. Her brother argued he was entitled to all her property, but her nieces from a predeceased brother argued the property should pass intestate. The trial court ruled for Mr. Aldrich based on a state law that provided that a will shall be construed to pass all property that the testator owned at death. The appeals court reversed, and Mr. Aldrich appealed. The Florida Supreme Court affirms, holding that the after-acquired property would have to pass by intestacy because there was no residuary clause or general bequests that could include the inherited property. According to the court, the will was clear that the property listed was to go to Ms. Aldrich’s brother, but it did not say anything about property acquired after the will was written. One judge concurred, noting that the case was “a cautionary tale of the potential dangers of utilizing pre-printed forms and drafting a will without legal assistance.” Read Florida’s Supreme Court ruling in full: http://www.floridasupremecourt.org/decisions/2014/sc11-2147.pdf See how Consumer Reports rates the do-it-yourself wills: The cost of having an attorney prepare a will is pretty reasonable these days. Don’t risk your legacy. Filed Under: Decision Making and Legal Documents, Elder Law Tagged With: DIY will, free will preparation, make a will, prepare your own will, will forms Elder Law Assistant says Submitting a will drafted by an attorney insinuates a presumption that the document was executed properly. A “document” not drafted by an attorney might be presumed to have issues and, thereby, might be open to be contested, costing valuable time and money. Decision Making and Legal Documents

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Tag Archives: Toronto high school Iran Infiltrates Canada, Calls to Attack America Ironically, radical islam isn’t the only thing infiltrating Canada. One can run a search on Google for “Operation Sidewinder” and see they’ve been infiltrated by the Chinese — and decades ago. One such result from a Canadian source explains the findings in detail. Mohammadi’s message drew the attention of U.S. terrorist experts, who noted that Canadians do not need visas to cross the border into the U.S. Iran is expanding a “fifth column” in Canada. This warning, articulated by David Harris, former head of operations for the Canadian Intelligence Service and now a strategic intelligence expert, highlights some disturbing facts: many expatriates have been warning of the threat of Iranian diplomats conspiring in Canada; of the stealth workings of the Hezbollah terrorist organization, and there is evidence of Iranian infiltration in the school system. Recent evidence bears out Harris’s warning, as does the news that Iran is using its embassy in Canada to mobilize loyalists of the Islamic Republic to infiltrate the Canadian Government and attack the United States. The Toronto District school Board recently suspended the operating permit of an Islamic school that had been using teaching materials to encourage boys to keep fit for jihad and for disparaging Jews. Upon being exposed, the Islamic Shia Study Centre, which operated the East End Madrassah out of a Toronto high school, issued a public statement: ” Our curriculum is not intended to promote hatred towards any individual or group of people; rather, the children are taught to respect and value other faiths and beliefs, and to uphold Canada’s basic values of decency and tolerance”. The school curriculum, however, referred to Jews as being: “crafty” and “treacherous,” with “plots” and “conspiracies,” while contrasting Islam to “the Jews and the Nazis.” These passages came from two books published by Iranian foundations, which also taught children about “unclean things,” including pigs, dogs and “a person who does not believe in Allah.” So here one can see plainly the covert nature of how the Iranian “Fifth Column” manipulates diversity, multiculturalism, tolerance and even decency in a feeble attempt to cover up its agenda. An alarming article just released by Fox News revealed that Iran is using its embassy in Canada to mobilize Islamic Republic loyalists to infiltrate the Canadian Government and attack the United States, as can be seen in a chilling interview with Hamid Mohammadi and shown on an Iran-based website. In his interview, Mohammadi speaks of Iran’s plan to win the hearts and minds of Iranians living in Canada. He projects that by 2031, the total immigrant population of Canada will grow by 64%, and that, due to their birthrate, the number of Iranians should substantially increase. His message drew the attention of U.S. terrorist experts, who noted that Canadians do not need visas to cross the border into the U.S.. Mohammadi also urged all Iranian-Canadians to “resist being melted into the dominant Canadian culture,” to aspire to “occupy high-level key positions,” and to “be of service to our beloved Iran.” A tight, organized network of Iranian terrorists seems to be using elementary schools, universities and government institutions — not to mention manipulating the multicultural system — to promote its messages of propaganda and hate, apparently with the ultimate goal of conquering the “infidel.” According to Shabnam Assadollahi, an Iranian-Canadian and anti-Iranian Regime activist, who helped translate the Mohammadi interview, “Multiculturalism is killing Canada. I am sick and tired of political correctness in this country.” The good news is, this group has been identified by watchful eyes of its freedom-loving Iranian-Canadians and the diligence of security specialists. The bad news is that there is a level of brazenness and sophistication from a terrorist regime that has the monetary backing and an apparent wish to hijack our institutions. Once such materials become discovered on elementary school premises, it is easily dealt with; the greatest threat remains on our campuses and in government institutions, which would do well to become more aware that multiculturalism and tolerance require a plan of implementation if we are to preserve our democracy. Full article: Iran Infiltrates Canada, Calls to Attack America (Gatestone Institute) Comments Off on Iran Infiltrates Canada, Calls to Attack America Posted in Axis Powers, Canada, China, Espionage, Iran, Islam, National Security & Terrorism, North America, Politics, Religion, USA Tagged Allah, Canada, Canadian culture, Canadian Government, canadian intelligence service, China, David Harris, democracy, East End Madrassah, fifth column, freedom, Hamid Mohammadi, Hezbollah, infiltration, Iran, Iran Infiltrates Canada Calls to Attack America, islamic republic of iran, Jewish people, multiculturalism, muslim immigrant population, Naxis, Operation Sidewinder, political correctness, political infiltration, politics, radical islam, religion, terrorism, terrorist cells, Toronto District school Board, Toronto high school, U.S. border, United States

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Commentary. In this situation of verbal and physical violence, the xenophobic ranks have swelled. Not because they were based on some racial philosophy or cultural conception of identity, but because blaming migrants is the simplest way to acquire consensus and power. Why European interior ministers are dominating foreign affairs written by Marco Bascetta Topic European Union Amid the barbarization of Europe, the leaders are heading toward a summit on June 28. Pick any random political leader to get an idea of how poisonous the air of the Old Continent has become. The British Justice Minister is proposing to tackle the post-Brexit exodus of EU workers by replacing them with national prisoners. Denmark, already at the forefront of the harassment of migrants, wants to ban the practice of circumcision. Austria is conducting military exercises on the border to prepare for an imagined invasion of migrants. The German Minister of Internal Affairs Horst Seehofer (CSU), as part of his Bavarian electoral campaign, is strong-arming Angela Merkel into hardening the German borders and limiting asylum seekers, policies the chancellor has always considered incompatible with the nature and values of the Bundesrepublik. Italy’s Matteo Salvini has closed the ports and opened his mouth to repeat threats and obscenities. Everyone is trying to create a harsh environment for migrants. One of the perverse effects of rising nationalism is that foreign policy is being outsourced to the ministers of internal affairs. They monopolize the debate on the treaties, negotiate with non-European countries (e.g. Libya, Turkey), condition relations between European countries, fragmenting them into alleged ‘axes’ or alliances, and impose their own geopolitical fantasies. It is a direct consequence of the primacy afforded to national interests, understood above all as a screen or protection from the supranational political community and from others in general. The idea of the nation is perhaps the most classic example of the universalisms that turn into their contraries, thus developing into a latent or explicit conflict between particular claims that are not much amenable to mediation. Nowadays, the European Union is sinking because of the crossfire of Donald Trump’s American nationalism and to its internal national tendencies. Starting from Eastern Europe, these national tendencies not only reject migrants, but also are fostering social ideas that are very different from those we knew in Western Europe after the war. Therefore, we should focus on the nature of this barbaric, unpredictable change. Xenophobic discourse, and even more racist discourse, has something indomitable and uncontrollable. Marginal political forces triggered these discourses in a widespread disorientation generated by productive transformations and in the attack on wages and living conditions that accompanied them. They considered the possibility to propose a nationalist and authoritarian solution to gain a central position. Consequently, the migrants have been the easiest target to strike. Thus, in this situation of verbal and physical violence, the xenophobic ranks have swelled. Not because they were based on some racial philosophy or cultural conception of identity, but because blaming migrants is the simplest way to acquire consensus and power. Once the angry dog of racism is awakened, it will be necessary to continue to feed its inexhaustible hunger. At this point, the discrimination-persecution-expulsion of migrants becomes an inescapable condition of consent. Any failure on this front would render nationalist leaders as traitors of the country. Therefore, the leaders will continue to express cynicism, brutality, solutions and increasingly grotesque staging. On the other hand, with more hypocritical tones and tortuous arguments, even the left believed it could regain consensus through intolerance toward migrants. It proposed the idea, denied by any historical experience, that by blocking migratory flows, racism and xenophobia would naturally disappear and that the “real citizens,” restored to the center of attention by their government, would show gratitude. From all this we can only find an ominous prognosis. In other words, Europe is increasingly hostage to the nation states, by their vetoes and by the demagogy that prevails in the national politics. In addition, nation states are increasingly hostage to radicalized right-wing forces, which want to impose an “us” to drown the social contradictions and consolidate the hierarchical order that is in the nature of every nationalism. Marco Bascetta Originally published in Italian on June 19, 2018https://ilmanifesto.it/la-politica-estera-riserva-dei-ministri-degli-interni/

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Interview Interrogation: Amberian Dawn (Finland) Our latest interrogation focuses on the Neo-Classical Power Metal outfit from Finland, Amberian Dawn. Having released their latest music video 'Fame & Gloria' (featured above), it was about time we caught up with the quintet as they celebrate their tenth anniversary this year (happy birthday guys!) We talk about Eurovision and their thoughts about it, insinuating a possible future participation - if they could win it for Finland like Lordi did, then lightning would have struck twice. Their latest album "Innuendo" also receives a cooking as we find out what simmers underneath the latest effort, we ask how the change of vocal duties have affected the band as a whole and how they cope with the stress of touring. Tuomas Seppälä (below second from right) gave us the lowdown. Amberian Dawn formed way back in 2006 and since then the band has gone from strength to strength, with very few low points to reflect upon Tuomas shed light on what the positives have been: "One of the biggest one was our first European tour in 2008. It was really awesome to get a chance to tour with Epica just after releasing our debut album. As a young band we were just learning how to do it all. We learned a lot during this tour from Epica." Taking notes from such a well and truly respected metal band such as Epica has helped Amberian Dawn clamber up the ladder to reach heights they might well not have imagined back in their early years. Their latest chapter in the band's career came in form of their latest album "Innuendo", in fact at the back end of 2015 they toured in support of said album along with Delain and The Gentle Storm. However they don't plan to stop there not by a long shot, with Tuomas admitting that they're "planning to tour again this year, (so) let's see when it's going to happen. It takes some time to organize a tour". Time does appear to fly by and as 2015 came to a close and 2016 came into our lives, this inevitably started a new chapter for Amberian Dawn, a period of down time and time spent away from band activities except for some Summer festival appearances of which Amberian Dawn will need to rest and recharge themselves for. For Tuomas taking a break from the band means he is able to enjoy doing "sports of all kinds. In the summer I like to jog. In the winter I like to do indoor cycling for example", it is always important for musicians to take a break once in a while and spend time with their loved ones or indeed on their own life and maintain their well-being. Tuomas admits that most of the time touring has it's best and worst parts, right at the top of the best parts is performing and that "If we wouldn't enjoy it so much, we wouldn't do it all", yet hovering in the background of every good moment is elements of bad moments waiting to strike, "of course there have also been some bad moments on tours and usually those are somehow related to technical matters". With all the concerns and worries, bouts of excitement and happiness, time does have a knock on effect on all musicians, sometimes taking things slow can be for the best. On the continuing theme of time, 2012 became a turning point for Amberian Dawn and in specific their departing vocalist Heidi Parviainen who was soon to be replaced by incumbent vocalist Päivi "Capri" Virkkunen. Naturally with the change in vocal duties there was a subtle reason behind this, Tuomas explains the decision behind this change: "Capri has a totally different approach to singing than Heidi does. Capri is able to do both rock vocals and operatic vocals. At the moment I prefer her rock vocals and it gives me new possibilities with the songwriting process. Heidi's departure from Amberian Dawn was as amicable as is humanly possible. Heidi and I decided in early 2012 that we're going to part ways after recording ”Circus Black” and after all the promotional work relating to the album release is done... we also decided to do our final show together with Heidi despite the fact we had already found a new singer. I think it was a good call for everybody that we finished our co-operation with Heidi at a such a good festival. Now our lyrics are written by Capri. Writing of the lyrics has always been a job for the vocalist in AD" Songwriting is never an easy process, especially when you're stuck on what ideas you wish to circumvent around the song as a whole, yet there are times where a song can be as bonkers as the performers and yet still score a reputation no matter the genre. So when asked about whether Amberian Dawn could and would write a song to enter the Finnish national selection for Eurovision with, Tuomas admits that he "would see that as a possibility. Maybe even next year ;) I don't see what harm it would do to take part in the Eurovision Song Contest.", well Lordi won it for Finland and even then Teräsbetoni represented Finland at the Eurovision Song Contest the following year. Tuomas hopes to see all Amberian Dawn fans on future tours as they have tour plans in the future, so watch this band with interest, once again it's all a matter of time. "Innuendo" is out now via Napalm Records http://amberiandawn.com/ https://www.facebook.com/amberiandawn/

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By Ryan Masters Microchips become mandatory for Santa Cruz County pets It’s 10 p.m., do you know where your dog is? Beginning next month, that question will be easier to answer for owners with lost pets. As a result of a 4-to-1 Board of Supervisors vote on Tuesday, Feb. 24, Santa Cruz County pet owners will soon be required to insert microchips into their dogs and cats. County animal control officials cite the microchip program’s exceptional track record of reuniting stray animals with their owners as a primary driver for the law while pointing out that it will ultimately save taxpayers’ money. “The whole idea is to get owned animals home as quick as possible,” says Melanie Sobel, general manager of the Santa Cruz County Animal Shelter. “Collars and tags are great, but unfortunately many dogs and cats come into the shelter without a collar. The microchip is permanent and unalterable.” According to Sobel, lost dogs and cats with microchips spend, on average, five fewer days in the shelter before being reunited with their owners. “Space in the shelter is a precious and limited resource,” Sobel says. “The faster we can get these animals home, the less taxpayers have to pay to house them. It also creates room for incoming ownerless animals that are in much more difficult and dire situations.” Opponents to the plan have cited medical and privacy concerns while voicing fears that the procedure exists primarily to line the pockets of veterinarians. Sobel explains that the procedure is not detrimental to the animals. In fact, she compares the microchipping law to rabies vaccinations—a mandatory law enacted in 1970 that contributed directly to the eradication of the disease. “Much like rabies, this is a public safety issue,” Sobel says. “It is designed to serve the best interests of both the animals and our community.” The chip, which is the size of a large grain of rice, is embedded into the scruff of the dog or cat’s neck with a hypodermic needle and has been described as a “benign procedure” by Dr. Dana Gleason, staff veterinarian at the county animal shelter. The cost of this procedure can be anywhere from $20-$50 although some microchip companies charge an additional registration fee. However, the shelter is currently offering $10 microchipping for Santa Cruz County dogs through the end of March. As for privacy concerns, Sobel insists that the county does not harvest the data stored on microchips. “This is not an Orwellian plot by big government,” she says. “In fact, the information is stored by the private companies that manufacture the chips. Furthermore, contrary to what some people will tell you, the next step is not microchipping children.” Supervisor Greg Caput cast the lone dissenting vote against the proposal on Feb. 24, citing concerns that it would create unnecessary bureaucracy and penalize well-meaning citizens. While Caput was not available for comment as of press time, he has gone on record saying that he believes the procedure should remain voluntary. When the law goes into effect, animal officers will be able to scan pets to check for microchips and identify the animals’ owners. Non-compliant owners will receive what amounts to a “fix-it” ticket. “Animals are a luxury, not a right,” Sobel says. “You have to be a responsible pet owner. Think of it this way—car owners are expected to register their cars and get a smog test. This is no different.” The microchip implant is an identifying integrated circuit that uses passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, and is also known as a PIT tag (for Passive Integrated Transponder). At the Feb. 24 vote, a member of the public expressed concerns that the radio waves emitted by the chips are harmful. Gary Silberstein, a retired UC Santa Cruz professor in molecular and cellular biology studies, disagrees, asserting that such health fears have no scientific basis. “We’re constantly bathed in radio waves every second of our lives,” Silberstein says. “The effect of something like this RFID on our cells is nonexistent. It’s not even detectable.” In addition to reuniting lost animals with their owners, Sobel says microchips also help the shelter avoid adopting or euthanizing animals by mistake and improve the tracking of dangerous dogs. “I’ve been doing this for a long time,” Sobel says. “And there’s nothing worse than seeing an owned animal in a cage who can’t tell you where it lives. This is considered a best practice for animal welfare and is currently advocated [for] by all legitimate shelters and organizations—it’s in your pets’ best interests to be vaccinated, spayed or neutered, and now microchipped.” With the passing of the law, Santa Cruz County joins several California communities requiring pet microchips, including Long Beach, Riverside and Los Angeles County. Ryan Masters Long Road Ahead For Family of Highway 9 Traffic Victim Going Ghost Hunting at Revamped Brookdale Lodge California Fires Fuel Interest in CERT's Local Disaster Training The Vaping Craze Sugar: The New Tobacco? Busted Buskers Waves of Recovery Related Items:local news, news Outdoor Educators Work to Be More Inclusive on Queer Issues Ocean Street Extension Lawsuit Enters Next Phase The Ongoing Grade Standoff Between UCSC and Striking Grad Students

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Malthus, Malthusianism, Neo-Malthusianism 2 This article examines the Neo-Malthusians. A Neo-Malthusian shared the Malthusian belief that: “The Power of population is so superior to the power of the Earth to produce the subsistence for man, that premature death must in some shape or other visit the human race.” While a traditional Malthusian thought that family size should be limited by marrying later in life and through abstinence, Neo-Malthusians thought that was unnatural and unhealthy. They advocated the use of contraceptives instead. Both traditional and “neo” Malthusians were concerned that the population of Britain had risen from around 11 million to 37 million between 1801 to 1901. They feared the approach of “premature death” unless something was done to check the rise. Then, in the mid-1870s, it seemed that Malthusian prayers had been realised. The birth-rate of Britain peaked at 36.6 births per 1,000 in 1876 and started to decline. By 1900, it had fallen to 28.5 births per 1,000, a fall of over 21 percent. What then had caused this decline? Some traced it to the 1887 prosecution of Charles Bradlaugh and Annie Besant, who in 1886 had published The Fruits of Philosophy, an American Malthusian tract. Bradlaugh and Besant were fined and jailed until their conviction was overturned at the Court of Appeal. The publicity of the case drew attention to contraceptives and the sources of information on their use. Others, such as the statistician, Karl Pearson F.R.S., thought it was a combination of factors: The Workshop Regulation Act of 1867, the Education Act of 1876, and the Factories and Workshops Act of 1878, the Mines Act of 1887 and the 1891 Act as to women and children, mark the special stages in increased restriction of the employment of children, and correspond to the steps of accelerated decadence in our birthrate curves. The child has ceased to be an economic asset till it is 13 to 14 years of age and its value after that age has been much reduced. But this increased burden of parentage for the mass of the population would not have led at once to its full consequences had not the trial of Mr Bradlaugh and Mrs Besant in 1877 resulted in a widely spread knowledge of the possibility of differentiating marriage and parentage. This the accelerative effect of the Acts of 1876-1878, 1880, 1887, and 1891 is far greater than the very fundamental Act of 1867. Pearson adds a footnote: “My own observations would point to the decade 1885 to 1895 as the period when systematic neomalthusian propagandism was first started in the rural districts.” And perhaps the increase in the birth-rate reflected not so much an increasing number of births, so much as greater consistency and reliability in the registration of births from the 1840s onwards. The Malthusian League was formed as a result of the Bradlaugh Besant case and advocated the use of contraceptives to reduce over-population and to improve the quality of the “race”. When the Eugenics Education Society (E.E.S.) was formed in 1907, “the Malthusian League welcomed the emergence of eugenics as a potentially influential ally in the fight against indiscriminate breeding.” The E.E.S. attracted members of the League including its president, Charles Drysdale and his wife Bessie and, in 1912, Marie Stopes. The relationship between the two organisations was not a smooth one. Malthusianism was an old and weathered doctrine whereas Eugenics was new and scientific. Eugenists did not share the Neo-Malthusian enthusiasm for contraceptives. According to Soloway: “it was primarily the prudent, responsible middle classes who had adopted Neo-Malthusian recommendations rather than the ignorant, indifferent poor who continued to reproduce in disproportionately large numbers.” In other words, eugenists regarded contraceptives as dysgenic, and attributed this to the Malthusians. Furthermore, members of the E.E.S. did not care for the seedy ambience of “Malthusian appliances” tainting their respectability. The First World War stretched the relationship of the Society and the League to breaking point. Eugenists were concerned that A-1 men were selected for battle whilst C-3 types remained at home, available to women to reproduce their inferior genes. In 1915 conscription was introduced and eugenists urged the authorities to call up older men before the younger ones. While older men might not be as vigourous in battle, the advantage conceded to the enemy would be outweighed by the eugenic benefits that would accrue in the longer term. The Neo-Malthusians saw the situation differently. Yes, there were large numbers of casualties caused by the war, but a short-term “hysterical” reaction should not reverse the falling birth-rate that had been achieved over the previous thirty-five years. Neo-Malthusians called for a moratorium on children for the duration of the war, for reasons that Richard Soloway summarised as follows: “War babies could only consume, not produce; many would be fatherless; their mothers would have to neglect them for war work, and they would be particularly vulnerable to the hard winters and fuel and food shortages which were bound to come. Convinced that the war had been caused by overpopulation in the first place, the Malthusian League thought it foolish to produce another generation of surplus people whose presence would only compound the difficulties of the reconstruction.” So, during the most destructive war experienced by mankind, saw members of the Malthusian League taking to the streets to distribute their pamphlet: Hygienic Methods of Family Limitation. Many condemned the League for this position and some even saw it as treasonous. It was Marie Stopes, a member of the Malthusian League and later the Eugenics Education Society, who brought further attention to the issue of birth control. In 1921, annoyed by the refusal of the Society to adopt the use of contraceptives, she left to establish the Society for Constructive Birth Control and Racial Progress and her free birth control clinic in Holloway. The effect was to remove contraceptives from the shadows of outdated political doctrines to be discussed as an issue in its own right. Neo-Malthusianism was left with its original inheritance: the doctrines of Malthus. By 1927, in a Britain concerned at the loss of life and rebuilding from the Great War, such ideas had lost their appeal and it was left to its final president, Charles Drysdale, to wind it up. The Problem of Practical Eugenics Dulau & Co, London 1912, page 19. Full text here. Demography and Degeneration: Eugenics and the Declining Birthrate in Twentieth-Century Britain by Richard A. Soloway, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill and London (digital edition) Neo-Malthusians, Eugenists, and the Declining Birth-Rate in England 1900-1918. Richard A. Soloway. “Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies” Vol.10, No. 3 (Autumn, 1978), pp. 226-286 This entry was posted on 9 June 2015 by markhsutherland in Malthusianism, War, World War 1. https://wp.me/p2yipn-rP

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Ubisoft Forums > Assassin's Creed > Assassin's Creed - General Discussions > How to reach the unreachable areas View Full Version : How to reach the unreachable areas SaintPerkele I just found a glitch I'm sure some of you will be interested in. If you go to the very beginning of the Lycos river, go to the left-hand corner of the big gate in the city walls. You should now glitch through the floor and land into water. So far so good. Now turn around and swim to the left coast (so basically the coast which is on your right when you're heading towards the gate). Once you've reached the coast, swim to and into the first building. As a result, you will fall even deeper. Now head to the closest part of the city walls and dive. By doing this, you should be able to pass them. Although you're basically under the map, you can now swim on and explore the whole city area behind the walls. Don't be too amazed though, it's basically just a bunch of ugly textures. Also, if you swim far enough, you'll desynchronize. Anyway, I know that there were a couple of people out there who tried to find a way to get there. So here you go, guys http://forums.ubi.com/groupee_common/emoticons/icon_wink.gif Update: I know also discovered how to reach the eastern sea (including the Maiden's Tower outside of the mission), however this is not always working. Go to the most eastern corner of Topkapi. Somewhere there is a small balcony (including a treasure chest). From there, jump over the wall below it and drop on the big rocks next to the sea. By doing this, you should be able to pass the desynchronizing-wall somehow. From now on it's just the same as before: Some weird textures, unclimbable ships and objects and so on. If you want to, you can swim across the whole Bosporus and even leave the map. Just quite nice to take some screenshots: http://images2.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20111215124122/assassinscreed/images/1/16/Maidenstowerdaylight.png cool, shame there is nothing left to do after finishing the game though. Keeran112 iNvidious01 Are you high? it took me 20hrs to do everything, once you've done it the city turns boring. your a walking tank with air support against a few guards every so often

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Showing all documents sorted by: relevance To Benjamin Franklin from [Charles] Jackson, 4 November 1767 From [Charles] Jackson2 AL: American Philosophical Society Genl. Post Office Novembr: 4. 1767. Mr. Jackson presents his Compliments to Mr. Franklin, with many Thanks for his obliging Note; and the Order for Ten Guineas, for which he has the pleasure to send him the under written Receipt.3 2. Charles Jackson held the post of comptroller of the Foreign Office in the General Post Office, London. His son of the same name also served later in the Secret Office. Kenneth Ellis, The Post Office in the Eighteenth Century (London, 1958), pp. 105–6, 133. 3. Entries in BF’s account books indicated that, acting on behalf of Henry (Henrich) Miller, publisher of Der Wochenliche Philadelphische Staatsbote, he placed an order with Charles Jackson on Nov. 8, 1766, “for German Newspapers one Year” at a cost of £10 10s. On Oct. 14, 1767, BF recorded “Cash recd per Mrs. Franklin” from Miller “in full,” £10 10s. On Nov. 30, 1767, he recorded his own draft on his bankers, Smith, Wright & Gray, for £10 10s. in favor of Charles Jackson, thereby completing in somewhat roundabout fashion the payment due from Miller to Jackson, even though BF seems not to have entered the final transaction in his books until nearly four weeks after it took place. Journal, 1764–1776, pp. 10, 14; Ledger, 1764–1776, pp. 23, 24, 27. Jackson’s “under written Receipt” has not been found. Jackson, Charles “To Benjamin Franklin from [Charles] Jackson, 4 November 1767,” Founders Online, National Archives, accessed September 29, 2019, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-14-02-0182. [Original source: The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 14, January 1 through December 31, 1767, ed. Leonard W. Labaree. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1970, p. 301.] From Jackson to Franklin [20 May 1771] All correspondence between Jackson and Franklin

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Episode:Fallout (Redirected from Fallout) Six Months Ago When Matt and Audrey follow up on a lead in the Sylar case, Matt discovers problems with his abilities that he has experienced before. As Peter is held for questioning, he continues to have strange dreams. When Claire tells her father the truth, he reveals he already knew of her abilities, even before she did. Mr. Bennet and his organization imprison Sylar in a maximum protection cell. Hiro and Ando finally meet up with a rehabilitated Isaac. When Jessica's actions threaten Micah, Niki makes a tough decision. Eden decides to take matters into her own hands. Sylar's cell · Ability theft · Hiro and the Dinosaur · Peter's dreams · Odessa Sheriff's Department Claire and her father return home. Mr. Bennet tells Claire that he has something he needs to tell her as well. He tells her that he's known about her powers before she knew she had them. He reveals that he's seen the tapes she and Zach made documenting her powers. Claire asks him why he didn't say anything and he tells her that he just wanted to protect her. He confesses that he's done things he's not proud of in order to keep her safe. Claire tells her father that she believes Jackie died because Sylar thought she was the one with powers. Mr. Bennet tells her that Sylar has been taken care of. Claire lets on that her brother Lyle found out about her powers. She tells her father that Lyle and Zach are the only other ones that know about it. Mr. Bennet tells her not to let anyone else know since there are others out there that want Claire's power and will hurt her to get it. He tells her that he'll talk to Lyle when he picks him up from practice and that she should talk to Zach and destroy the tapes she made. At Union Wells High School, Audrey and Matt discuss the crime scene. Matt tells her that it fits Sylar's M.O. and that it looks like he tried to remove Jackie's brain but was interrupted before he could do so. Audrey tells Matt that they have a suspect, Peter Petrelli, in custody. Following blood on the ground, they find a separate trail of footprints and theorize that Sylar may have had accomplices. They decide to go speak to Peter. Peter is awoken in a jail cell by his brother Nathan. Nathan tells him that he's glad Peter's alive and that he'll get him out soon. Peter asks Nathan why he destroyed the painting and Nathan tells him that the painting showed him dead. Nathan tells him that he's meant to do a lot of things, but he's a nurse, not a fighter. Peter tells Nathan that he believes all the people he's met with powers are all the same in a way and that they're supposed to stop the explosion that Isaac painted. Peter admits that he doesn't think he can do it. Nathan whispers to him that it's because he can't. He turns to look at him and sees Sylar instead who asks him how he's supposed to stop it when he doesn't know anything about power. Peter suddenly awakens alone in the jail cell in a panic. D.L. phases to evade Jessica's bullet. Back in Utah, in front of the Cafe BBQ, Jessica's shot at D.L. hits him in the left shoulder. D.L. tells Micah to stay down as he tries to make his way out of the line of fire. Jessica shoots him in the head, but D.L. uses his power to cause the bullet to pass right through. Jessica approaches the car looking for Micah. She sees Niki's reflection in the car window as she makes her way to the front door. Seeing Micah's no longer in the car, she slams the door shut, shattering the window. At Primatech Paper Co., Eden waits outside a secure room for Mr. Bennet to arrive. Eden tells Mr. Bennet that Sylar slept through the night. Mr. Bennet enters the secure room and tells Eden to wait outside. He tells Sylar that he lost a lot of blood and that they fixed him up the best they could. Mr. Bennet tells him that his abilities won't work here. He calls him Gabriel, and Sylar corrects him. Mr. Bennet says that while his name may now be Sylar that it wasn't long ago that he was Gabriel Gray, an insignificant watchmaker. Sylar tells him that he was so good at restoring timepieces because he could see how they work and what makes them tick. Mr. Bennet tells him that they're interested in how things work as well and that they're interested in him because he has multiple powers now instead of just one like all the others they've met. Sylar tells him that it's what makes him special and that being special is important to everyone. Mr. Bennet tells him that he thinks infusing so many changes to his DNA to absorb these powers has driven him insane. Sylar tells him that as soon as he gets out he's going to collect one more ability from his daughter. As Sylar goes on talking about Claire, Mr. Bennet tells him to stop and calls him Gabriel. Sylar screams that his name is Sylar, not Gabriel. Amused, Mr. Bennet shuts off the light and leaves. Mr. Bennet discusses the situation with a superior on the phone. He tells the person that there are no options when dealing with someone like Sylar, but the other person seems to disagree. Eden asks him if it's true that they're going to keep Sylar alive. He tells her that those are their orders. Eden protests and suggests that she go tell Sylar to kill himself, but Mr. Bennet tells her he doesn't have time for this discussion today. Eden tells him that even the always silent Haitian would agree with her about killing Sylar. Mr. Bennet sees the Haitian at the end of the hallway and meets up with him. D.L. and Micah run through a forest. D.L. removes his bloody jacket and leaves it on a tree trunk. Micah tells D.L. that he realizes it wasn't the police shooting at them because there was no warning. They come across a locked cabin in the woods. D.L. phases his hand through the door and unlocks it as Micah watches. D.L. grabs some cloth to bandage his arm. Micah tells his father that it was Jessica and that Niki would never hurt him on purpose. D.L. loses consciousness and Micah tries to wake him back up. Audrey and Matt enter an interrogation room where Peter is seated. Audrey asks Peter if he's okay and Peter tells her that his head feels like it's going to split open. Matt offers him some of his medicine. Peter tells them that he didn't kill Jackie. Audrey tells him that the blood they found on him was his own but asks him to explain why he doesn't appear to have any injuries. Peter asks if he can go since he's not being charged with a crime. Audrey asks him what a nurse from Manhattan is doing at a high school homecoming in Texas and asks him if he's some kind of pervert. Peter tells her that Nathan told him not to talk. Audrey says they don't need him to talk and glances at Matt. Matt tries to get inside Peter's head, but both Peter and Matt exhibit discomfort, and experience a disturbing "feedback loop" in the process. Peter asks Matt what he's doing to him. Matt picks out a thought and says "Save the cheerleader". In Audrey's mind she thinks it's too late and that the cheerleader is dead. Peter hears Audrey's thoughts and says "Claire's dead?!" in disbelief. Peter hears Matt thinking, "Did he just read her mind?" Audrey tells him that the cheerleader's name was Jackie Wilcox. Peter tells them that Claire's the one Sylar wants and is disturbed to find out they're not already protecting her. Peter tells them that if they want to catch Sylar then they need to protect Claire. Matt and Audrey leave and Audrey tells Peter that he'll get out when she gets some answers. At Mohinder's apartment in Brooklyn, Mohinder finds a note from Eden welcoming him back. Mohinder speaks to someone on the phone and tells him that he faxed the list to them yesterday and asks why they haven't been warned since six of them have already been killed by Sylar. He gets frustrated when they don't take the issue seriously enough and he hangs up on them. He finds a Post-it with Isaac's name and city on it. Isaac is sketching when Eden enters. Eden asks if he's been able to sketch anything interesting, and Isaac tells her he hasn't sketched any predictions yet. He tells her that he doesn't think he's going to be able to sketch the future while he's clean, but is enjoying just being able to draw for fun again. Eden tells him that the cheerleader is still alive thanks to him and his predictions. Isaac believes this means they can change the future and potentially stop the explosion from happening. Eden tells him she's leaving and wishes him luck. He asks what use painting the future is if no one changes it. She tells him to change it then, slipping him a cell phone and security key card. Hiro and Ando are too late. Hiro and Ando stand beneath the homecoming banner, as predicted by Isaac's painting. Hiro comments that he couldn't save Charlie and now the cheerleader is dead, too. He says that since they didn't save the cheerleader, they can't save the world. Ando suggests that the message should be interpreted "save the cheerleader", and then "save the world". Hiro tells him that it's an "if, then" statement. Ando asks how he knows that and Hiro tells him because he was the one that originally said it. Ando tells him that his future self doesn't count as himself. Hiro tells Ando that they need to find a way to continue or else the two that have already died will have been in vain. He tells Ando they need to get back on their mission and find Peter Petrelli, find Isaac, and stop the bomb. Hiro's phone rings and it's Isaac Mendez. Isaac tells Hiro that they need to meet. Claire and Mr. Bennet sit in an interrogation room speaking to Audrey. Claire tells Audrey how Sylar killed Jackie. In an adjacent room, Matt tries to read their thoughts but only gets static. Audrey asks if the man that attacked them exhibited anything out of the ordinary such as an ability to fall five stories without a scratch. Claire is confused and Audrey reminds her that she said Peter tackled Sylar and they both fell five stories and Peter didn't even have a scratch on him. Claire says she doesn't know. Audrey points out that Claire didn't seem to get hurt at all, either. Audrey continues to press and Claire tells her that she's already told her everything she knows. Mr. Bennet asks Audrey if she has what she needs and Audrey thanks them and lets them go. Before they leave, Claire asks Audrey if she can talk to Peter. As they leave, Matt walks up to Mr. Bennet and tells him that they're doing everything they can to catch the man that killed Jackie. Matt tells Audrey that he wasn't able to read their minds and that there was a static that interfered with his telepathy. Matt tells her that he heard this static once before at a bar the night before he couldn't remember the following day. As Matt and Audrey enter a different room, The Haitian, who had been standing nearby, glances around before walking away. Jessica searches through the forest for D.L. and Micah. She finds D.L.'s bloody jacket. Niki reasserts herself and becomes concerned that she may have injured D.L. She trips and sees a reflection of Jessica in a puddle, who tells her to get up. Jessica tells her that she did what she had to do to get Micah back. Niki is concerned about hurting D.L. Jessica tells her that D.L. is a criminal and asks if she wants Micah to end up like him. Niki tells her that she's wrong about D.L. and that Jessica is out of control. Niki tells Jessica to do what she says. Jessica tells her it doesn't work like that anymore. When Niki asks why Jessica is doing this, Jessica tells her it's because she's not strong enough. They hear Micah's call in the distance and go to help him. Claire and Peter chat. Claire and Mr. Bennet meet Peter in his jail cell. Mr. Bennet introduces himself to Peter and tells him that he owes him his life for saving his daughter. Peter claims he was just "in the right place." Mr. Bennet tells him that maybe one day he'll be "in the right place" and can return the favor. Claire asks her father to wait outside. Claire asks him how long he's known that he has powers like she does and that he would have died if he didn't have the ability to regenerate. Peter realizes that regeneration is her power. Claire tells him that she thought she was alone all this time. He tells her that he knew he had to save her in order to save the world, but doesn't know what she has to do with saving the world yet. Peter tells her that this healing power is new to him and that he didn't know he was going to be alright when he jumped off the building with Sylar. Mr. Bennet knocks on the window and Claire gets up and leaves. As she leaves, she calls Peter her hero. Peter coughs, and appears increasingly ill. Micah's calls attract Jessica. He tells her that D.L. is hurt and bleeding inside and needs help. Jessica pulls out a gun and enters the cabin. As she does D.L. is waiting for her and hits her with a shovel knocking her out of the cabin. D.L. tries to get the gun that Jessica dropped, but Jessica kicks him and sends him flying away from it. Micah tries to get Jessica to stop fighting, but she flings Micah away and into some rocks, injuring him. When Jessica sees that Micah is injured, Niki is able to reassert herself. She goes to help Micah, who hugs her. Niki apologizes to both Micah and D.L. Zach meets up with Claire on the sports fields at school. She asks Zach for the tapes, which she stomps on and destroys. Zach apologizes for convincing her to go to homecoming when it almost got her killed. Claire tells him not to feel bad and that he did it because he was her friend. She tells Zach that she has to go and that her dad just wanted to make sure Zach wouldn't say anything about her powers to anyone. Hiro and Ando meet Isaac at the bus depot in Midland, Texas. Hiro greets Isaac using the Vulcan salute from Star Trek. Hiro shows Isaac the issue of 9th Wonders! he brought back from the future. Hiro tells Isaac that his power is very strong as well, but Isaac tells him that he can only paint the future while he's high. Hiro tells him that while in the future he saw the explosion that destroys New York City and also saw Isaac dead with his head cut open. Isaac tells Hiro that the man who cuts open heads has been taken care of. Ando explains that Hiro lost a friend to Sylar. Isaac pulls out his sketch book and shows them some drawings of Hiro and Charlie that he made two days ago without being high. Isaac tells them that he think his destiny may be to stop the explosion in the city as well. He tells Hiro that he recently painted a picture of a man exploding. Hiro wonders how to stop an exploding man. Back home, Claire asks Lyle if their father talked to him yet about her power. Lyle doesn't appear to know anything about it. Claire asks Lyle what their dad said to him and he tells her that he hasn't seen him all day. When Claire asks him who picked him up from practice, he can not remember. D.L. tells Niki that they'll get her some help, but Niki says that Jessica is stronger than her. He tells her there are many things he can't explain, such as why Niki shot him. Niki tells him that it was Jessica that shot him. Niki expresses concern that Jessica is out of control and will come back and take Micah. Niki tells D.L. that she can't be trusted. D.L. turns around to help Micah who has apparently tripped. When he turns back around, Niki is gone. He sees her talking to a Utah highway patrolman. Niki tells the officer to arrest her for murder. Matt and Audrey stake out Primatech Paper Co. They argue playfully and Matt hears Audrey think that he's cute. He then hears her wonder whether he heard that last thought. She asks him if he just read her mind and he laughs. Audrey tells him it was just a stray thought. They see Mr. Bennet leave the building and start talking to the Haitian. Matt recognizes the Haitian as the man he saw in the bar before he lost track of the next day. Using a lot of effort, he tries to enter their minds. The effort causes Matt's nose to begin bleeding. He's able to get a single word: Sylar. Zach meets Claire on the football field. Claire tells him that her brother doesn't remember anything about her powers and that it's like someone made him forget. Zach is indignant and accuses her of pulling a prank on him. Zach tells her that she hasn't talked to him since sixth grade and now she's calling him out of the blue. Claire realizes that his memory has been erased, too. Claire runs away. Mr. Bennet enters the room just outside Sylar's cell. Sylar claims that he and Mr. Bennet are actually alike. He claims Mr. Bennet abducts people with powers because it makes him feel powerful. He says Mr. Bennet collects special people and so does he. Mr. Bennet tells him that they're going to take him apart like a watch and find out what makes him tick. He turns off the light and leaves. At the Midland Motel, Hiro and Ando watch as Isaac tries to use his powers to paint the future. Isaac says he doesn't think he can do it, and Hiro tells him to concentrate. Isaac closes his eyes. When he reopens them they are glazed over. Hiro and Ando watch in amazement as he begins using his power. Claire calls her father and asks if he remembers what they talked about the previous night. He tells her that he does. She tells him that she thinks the people he told her about that want to hurt her have gotten to Zach and Lyle and erased their memories. Mr. Bennet tells her that he'll be right there and that she'll be okay. The Haitian enters the room and places his hand over her mouth. He tells her that he works for her father who sent him here to make her forget what she knows. He tells her that her father will be home soon, expecting Claire to not remember anything, but that it's important that she does remember. He asks her if she can keep a secret. Hiro and Ando look at the painting Isaac has completed. The painting shows Hiro holding a sword up to a dinosaur that may be a Tyrannosaurus rex. Hiro worries about changing history if he even steps on a bug. He tells Ando he really needs to find that sword. The phone at Mohinder's apartment rings. He picks it up and Eden tells him that she lied to him about who she really is and will explain soon. She tells him she needs to make things right, starting by killing the man who murdered his father. Eden hangs up. Peter has a disturbing dream. Eden enters the room outside Sylar's cell. Sylar tells her that he knows her. Eden tells him that he lives next door to Chandra Suresh. Sylar marvels over her power of persuasion. She tells him that she's going to give him a gun and that he's going to blow his brains out. Sylar telekinetically pulls her into the glass wall, shattering it. He grabs her and tells her that he's going to consume her power. She points the gun at him and he tells her that she knows it won't hurt him. She points the gun at her own head instead and pulls the trigger. Nathan comes to pick up Peter from jail. As they leave he tells Nathan about the people he met and the experiences he had. Peter suddenly collapses. He gets up and he's in New York City, which appears deserted except for Mohinder, Matt, Niki, Micah, D.L., Claire, Nathan, Simone, Isaac, Hiro, and Ando. Claire mouths "I'm sorry" and Peter looks at his hands as they begin to glow. Isaac holds Simone back. Nathan approaches Peter as Peter explodes, as shown in Isaac's painting. Peter awakens back in Texas with Nathan and tells Nathan that the explosion in New York City is his fault. Peter appears to fall unconscious and stop breathing as his brother holds him, yelling for him to "Breathe damn it, breathe." "Law enforcement attracts a certain type of male personality." "And what type of personality would that be?" "Dogs." "And the female personality?" "Bitches. We like to keep it in the canine family." -Audrey, Matt "I think I died." "I've died before, It's no big deal." -Peter, Claire "I think you're insane. I think the infusion of so many alterations to your DNA has corrupted your mind. All this power is degrading you." "And yet here I am, alive and well, and as soon as I get out, I'm gonna collect one more ability from your daughter. Sweet, innocent..." "That's enough." "...ripe, indestructible..." "I said 'that's enough', Gabriel." "My name is Sylar!" - Mr. Bennet, Sylar "I really need to find that sword." - Hiro "It's all my fault... The explosion. It's me." "I work for your father. He sent me here to make you forget. Like he sent me to your friend... and your brother... and to your mother, so many times. He'll be here soon, expecting that you won't remember anything, but it is very important that you do. Tell me, Claire. Can you keep a secret?" - The Haitian The Haitian Mohinder Utah patrolman This is the first episode to feature every main character. Simone Deveaux only appears briefly in Peter's vision. Milo Ventimiglia (Peter Petrelli), in a behind-the-scenes video, reveals that Peter passes out at the end of this episode because he is overwhelmed by all of the abilities he has been absorbing. Fallout is the first episode to not have any monologue at the beginning or ending. In Ray Bradbury's story, A Sound of Thunder, the main character accidentally crushes a butterfly in the past while killing a Tyrannosaurus rex; this causes the language, architecture, and politics of his own time to change. Hiro’s concern may stem from this story. Another possible influence is a story in the comic book 2000 AD, in which some time-traveling big game hunters kill a lizard and prevent the human race from ever evolving. Mohinder says he faxed the list "to your Quantico office". The most likely recipient in Quantico, VA is the FBI. If so, Mohinder may be making things difficult for himself: one of the largest FBI field offices is in New York City, and Headquarters is in Washington, D.C. The facility in Quantico is merely the training academy. In reference to Lyle's memory loss, Claire says, "It's like The Stepford Body Snatchers or something." The Stepford Wives is the 1975 film in which human beings are replaced by mindless, zombie-like robots who are lifelike in every aspect except their emotions. Invasion of the Body Snatchers is the 1956 film in which normal humans are replaced by emotionless aliens who physically resemble humans, but grow from plantlike pods. In a deleted scene, Mohinder meets Simone in Isaac's loft. The graphic novel Fathers & Daughters fills in the "holes" of a storyline told in Fallout. The episode shows Sylar's murder of Eden. The graphic novel shows what happened immediately after the murder (and explains how Sylar was subdued once again), and the aftermath of the event. The graphic novel also serves as a makeshift eulogy for the slain character. The graphic novel Super-Heroics also continues a storyline started in Fallout. It tells of one of Peter's dreams he experiences while in a coma. When discussing their failure to "save the cheerleader", Ando quips "the earth is doomed." This is a line from Buffy the Vampire Slayer said by Rupert Giles in the second episode. He says a version in the final episode of the show as well. For images from Fallout, see images from Fallout. For the transcript from Fallout, see the Fallout transcript. For other uses of Fallout, see Fallout (disambig). For an interview in which director of photography Nate Goodman discusses his work on Fallout, see here. previous: Six Months Ago Fallout next: Godsend Retrieved from "https://heroeswiki.com/index.php?title=Episode:Fallout&oldid=479481" Season One Episodes

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gTorah | The Dvar Torah Service > New > Sefer Shemos > Bo > Darkness In A New Light Darkness In A New Light By Neli On January 5, 2000 · Add Comment There are interesting explanations of how the Plague of Darkness actually took place. On one hand, R’ Avraham Iben Ezra learns that it was a fog so tremendously thick that it extinguished any fire lit within it. He writes that he himself saw experienced such a phenomenon many times near the ocean. Yet the Torah Temima understands that the plague meant that the Egyptians were stricken with severe cataracts. The Vilna Goan explains that darkness is not like we commonly tend to think of as simply the absence of light, but rather a creation in its own right. Hashem however set up the light/dark relationship in such a way that light always wins in a “fight” with darkness. By this makkah, though, that relationship was reversed. Rabbeinu Bachaiyei (Bo 10:21) seems to learn a pshat somewhere in the middle. He quotes the Medrash Shemos Rabba (14:1-3) detailing and expounding upon this plague. He mentions the tangibility of the darkness; this darkness was not just the absence of light. Rather, it was an existence in itself that had substance. So thick was it, that during the last three days of the six day duration of this plague, no Egyptian could move a muscle and was frozen in place. (Ralbag writes that Hashem sealed the Egyptians’ noses and mouths. They could not breathe for three days. That they did not die was a miracle. He did this because had the Egyptians breathed in this new, thick dark air, they surely would have died. Being kept alive without breathing for this time was a source of tremendous suffering for them.) Klal Yisrael, however, had plenty of light, not only in Goshen but even when they entered the Egyptian houses to search for valuables.n Rabbeinu Bachaiyei explains the nature of this particular darkness. In order for the eye to see light, the light must travel from its source through the air into the eye. This is similar to hearing; the sound waves travel from the source to one’s ear. In other words, air is the medium through which light travels. During the first three days of the plague of darkness, Hashem “sealed” the pathways of the air from allowing passage of light. In the absence of the ability for light to get through the air automatically turns dark. For the last three days, Hashem thickened this dark air so much so that the weight of it did not allow them to move. This was not the case for Klal Yisrael; Hashem did not close the passageways of air for them. They were able to see freely and could go where they pleased. In understanding this Rabbeinu Bachaiyei, it would seem that one would need to clarify his words as follows. We cannot say that all the air particles in any specific Egyptians house were sealed off to light. For if so, how could the Jew entering to search for valuables be able to see? On the other hand, to say that the air particles were open to light would mean that the Egyptians would be able to see! One must say that the plague of darkness how we tend to envision it. It wasn’t that the land of Egypt was completely dark. Rather, the air particles immediately and in closest proximity to the individual Egyptian were the ones that were sealed off from light (for the first three days, after which this very air became heavy enough to hinder any movement). It was as if every Egyptian had a heavy, dark shell around his body. But during the day, the land of Egypt itself was as bright as any other country. One could comment, however, that according to this the Plague of Darkness effected the Jews as well. Being that the air directly surrounding the Egyptians did not allow light to pass through, all that a Jew saw in looking at an Egyptian was a thick human-shaped black cloud. The Jew would not have been able to see through due to the sealed air. If, for example, the Jew would want to know the identity of the Egyptian whose house he had entered by looking at him, he would not be able to (and those Jews who were able to tell specific Egyptians about the whereabouts of their valuables would have had to have know their identities by other means)! Possibly one could suggest that the air around the Egyptian worked like one-way glass; one side can see through while the other side can’t. The Jews could see the Egyptians while the Egyptians could not see out. The problem with this might be that if the light could not get in to the Egyptians, then it would not be reflecting back towards the Jews to enable them to see the Egyptians. The easiest pshat in Rabbeinu Bachayei might therefore be that the air was open for the Jews and closed for the Egyptians. Though this may not make sense in our minds (as we asked above), we can safely throw up our hands and say, “Who is so wise to understand Hashem’s ways!” So writes the Alshich (10:21-23). The Ramban at the end of Parsha Bo explains that all the miracles preformed in Egypt were a testimonial for generations of there being really no such thing as nature, rather everything is Hashem’s doing. The miracles there were a wakeup call to this. After writing this, I found in the Medrash Tehilim (aka Sochar Tov 22:2) exactly this idea. “In the way the world works, can a man light a fire and say, ‘Ploni who is my friend shall benefit from this light, but Ploni who is my enemy will not’?! Rather everyone benefits together. Yet Hashem is not this way. He can shine light to one and place darkness on another.”

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Children of the Sun » Movies & Entertainment (Moderator: RottingCorpse) » Not worth a thread: Silver Screen Edition (with downloadable supplement) Author Topic: Not worth a thread: Silver Screen Edition (with downloadable supplement) (Read 134203 times) Walter The Farting Dog Posts: I am a geek!! Okay, so I watch lots of shit. Sometimes worth a thread, and sometimes not. We have a sort of catchall apocalypse movie thread, and one for movies that we should hate, so this will be for the more or less middle-ground movies. Good, worth watching, but otherwise somewhat under the radar, and not really important enough to launch any sort of useful thread. Mainly, I want to cut down on no-reply threads clogging up this forum. So we'll start with In the Electric Mist, based on one of my favorite Dave Robicheaux novels. Starring Tommy Lee Jones, directed by the gifted Bertrand Tavernier, and written by family friend James Lee Burke. It's great stuff -- though has been troubled and delayed for a couple of years. Robicheux has hit the screens before in Heaven's Prisoners, with Alec Baldwin in the title role. Well worth checking it out...a good story, well done, and adequtely capturing the flavor of the novels. Though it died at the box office, as will this movie if and when it comes out. Every once in a while, Burke takes Dave to a supernatural place. In the Electric Mist with the Confederate Dead is the earliest instance of that, where the titular Confederate ghosts appear to guide and push the story along, only making a show during the finale when Dave is near death. The movie plays with all of that stuff a bit, and sort of removes the through-lines that link the novels and reference Dave's back story, and that's fine. Burke's writing is always poetic and beautiful, but he's been written Dave for 25 years now. The movies (this one more so than the Baldwin attempt) distill the best of the story. Tommy Lee Jones is amazing. It's fascinating the Katrina thing. The book is pre-Katrina, but the movie is Katrina-centric. I guess there's no way to make a movie set in Louisiana without talking about Katrina, eh? Burke did put Dave into Katrina in Tin Roof Blowdown, which is worth a read. The links: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lee_Burke http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_the_Electric_Mist http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Robicheaux And, by the way, my favorite of the series: Black Cherry Blues In The Electric Mist with the Confederate Dead Jolie Blon's Bounce The full list is at the first wikipedia link for Jim Burke. You don't really have to read the series in order, despite the occasional reference to the backstory. So I highly recommend you get some in you. « Last Edit: April 30, 2009, 06:09:49 PM by nacho » Powerful Poots maybe you shouldn't dress like a bumblebee, bitch Re: Not worth a thread: Movie Roundup 2009 Since this is the closest thing we have to a "general movie news" thread... David Goyer: Warner Bros. Putting DC Movies On Hold 7 January 2009 9:32 PM, PST | From ScreenRant.com | See recent Screen Rant news In an IESB interview for The Unborn, director/writer David Goyer says all DC properties are currently on hold for the time being in regards to film development. This comes as confirmation of what we’ve previously suspected. When probed about Supermax and Justice League, Goyer had this to say. “A lot of the DC movies at Warner Brothers are all on hold while they figure out, they’re going to come up with some new plan, methodology, things like that so everything has just been pressed pause at the moment.” Including the two movies mentioned, Superman and Green Lantern would also be on hold. With an across the board freeze, Warner Bros. may be looking to create a cohesive DC Universe. The follow-up question asked whether or not this was attributed to the success of The Dark Knight and Goyer continued. “It was the double header of both" (Iron Man) 8=o tation Sirharles Nacho Ruined My Life How about "Who is Cletis Tout?" It was released a few years ago (2001 I believe), starring Tim Allen, Christian Slater, Richard Dreyfuss and the lovely Portia De Rossi. Tim Allen is a hitman who is a big film buff. It's great all the references he makes. Christian Slater is the guy who everyone thinks is Tout. A pretty good story with some very funny moments. Definetly one I would recommend. www.johncasperphotography.com You know what... I think I actually own that movie somewhere on VHS. We used to get screener copies of stuff all the time when I was at Tower. I definitely remember seeing it and enjoying it. I might have to check it out again. Cap'n 40 Watt Wee Bin Hoker Simmer down now! if you ever wanted most of the action of a Jason Bourne movie without all the "acting" and "exposition" then Taken is your movie. damn, Liam Neeson is still trying to dig himself out of that Star Wars hole. You ain't a has been if you never was. In my eyes, Liam Neeson has not yet dug himself out of his 1980's jobs. RottingCorpse We got this by the ass! Darkman is great! http://www.womensstudiesmovie.com http://www.lonniemartin.com darkman is a footnote to roger corman's ass hair. Cass, you simply have no taste for junk food. Quote from: RottingCorpse on January 14, 2009, 11:40:26 PM Hey, I like True Romance! Anyway. Defiance is really worth your time. For a WWII movie about Jews, it's never really overhanded, and Daniel Craig's character is handled like a real human being instead of just some badass rebel. I never thought I would like a movie with Liev Schreiber in it, but things change, i guess. He Was A Quiet Man. Actually 07. It's taken me this long to actually watch it. Downloaded long ago... Anyway, not overwhelming, not awesome, but quietly enjoyable. The story has some major flaws, but Christian Slater is terrific. And I always like William H. Macy, even when he's phoning in his lines. Thanks to those two, the movie sort of carries, and you do get involved. I wouldn't have paid for it, but it is worth the 90 minutes, Plus you get to see Elisha Cuthbert's tits. so, we couldn't even make it 15 minutes through "W." i thought it was so over-the-top and self-righteous that it made "That's my Bush" look like jonathan Swift. L just couldn't bear to watch her worst nightmares brought to life. her quote: "you know, it's like when someone tells you the end of a movie before you see it, but sort of incoherently, so you think, 'maybe it won't end that way. maybe i don't really know the end.' but i do know the end. and it sucks." I hate that Stone rushed it out before the era ended. It's like those weird WWII movies from before the war ended, most notably (and laughably) Back to Bataan, May 1945, which shows an unstoppable Japanese menace... Um...okay. W. should be coming out for 2012, when we're seeing light at the end of the tunnel. But Stone wanted a quick buck, I guess. And he has been worthless shit since the mid-90's, so I'm not surprised. c'mon. give it up. the early nineties. Nixon, 95. The last thing I liked from him.

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Home About us Our Senior Management Team Our senior management team combines expertise across the areas of finance, sales, marketing, commercial excellence, public affairs and communications, HR, business systems, law, and supply chain operations. Miles Karemacher, General Manager Miles Karemacher was appointed General Manager of the Ireland and Northern Ireland business in October 2019. Miles joined the business from Coca‑Cola HBC Italy where he successfully established and led the Commercial Excellence function. He played an integral role in turning the Italian business back into revenue and profit growth; expanding the portfolio and reshaping the price and pack strategy in response to consumer and customer needs. He successfully launched FuzeTea and Adez to the market and also led the acquisition of Lurisia, the premium Italian mineral water and sparkling soft drink. Prior to joining Coca‑Cola HBC, Miles held senior roles in strategy, revenue growth management, finance and commercial at SAB Miller and Coca‑Cola Amatil. Miles holds a Bachelor of Commerce, an MBA, and is a Certified Practising Accountant. He has a proven track record of delivering sustainable business growth, and is passionate about people development and fostering a growth mindset culture. An Australian native, Miles lives in Dublin with his wife and daughter. In his spare time, he enjoys spending time with his family, surfing and playing golf. Mel Drohan, Chief Financial Officer Mel is responsible for the finance function at Coca‑Cola HBC Ireland and Northern Ireland. He has extensive international finance experience having held a number of senior management positions at GlaxoSmithKline, Flextronics and Kingspan throughout his 16 years’ living in mainland Europe. Before returning to Ireland, Mel worked in regional and country level financial leadership roles with responsibilities across Europe, Turkey, the Middle East and India. Having worked for Coca‑Cola HBC in Romania and Russia during his early career (1994 – 1999), Mel re-joined the company in 2015 to take up the position of CFO for the island of Ireland. Mel is married to Lumi and has two children: Emily, aged 11; and Katelyn aged 13. Martina Lovetinska, Acting Sales Director Martina joined CCHBC in the Czech Republic in 1995, holding a variety of roles in channel development, market analysis and reporting, marketing and sales. She subsequently moved to Italy to become the Country Trade Marketing Director for CCHBC, before joining the Irish business in July 2015. For four years, Martina sat on the senior management team as the Marketing Manager for the business, and was appointed acting Sales Director of the island of Ireland in 2019. Martina is responsible for delivering sustainable growth for Coca‑Cola HBC across the island, in partnership with customers on and off trade. She is focused on fostering a winning mindset among the sales team, developing commercial capabilities and services, and enhancing the business’s route-to-market. Martina lives in Dublin with her husband Martin, son David and daughter Karolina. Louise Sullivan, Public Affairs and Communications Director Louise joined Coca‑Cola HBC Ireland & Northern Ireland in July 2015. As PA&C Function Head, she is responsible for protecting and promoting the reputation of the Coca‑Cola System across the island of Ireland, in partnership with the Coca‑Cola Company. Her key responsibilities include Public Affairs, Issues Management, Community Affairs and Internal Communications. Prior to joining Coca‑Cola HBC, Louise worked for the Kellogg Company, where she held a number of senior roles including Director, External Communications & Brand PR for the Kellogg Europe operation. She has also worked for Food & Drink Industry Ireland, the principal food & drink trade association in Ireland, where she held several roles, including Head of Consumer Foods. Louise lives in Dublin with her husband, Derek, and two children, Jack and Ava. Simon Fitzpatrick, Acting Commercial Excellence Manager Simon joined Coca‑Cola HBC Ireland and Northern Ireland in 2002 as a Business Developer. He progressed through the commercial function and has held a number of key positions in Field Sales and Key Account Management culminating as Customer Director in 2018. During his tenure as Customer Director, Simon led the Key Account team to Champions League status as part of the GFK customer satisfaction survey for the first time ever in Ireland. Simon spent one year outside CCHBC as Director of Sales and Marketing for the Irish Football Association where he created the first commercial strategy for football in Northern Ireland. Simon returned to CCHBC in March 2019, as the acting Commercial Excellence Manager where he will lead embed the company's Revenue Growth Management strategy and continue to drive the business through Advanced Analytics and Category and Consumer Insights. Simon is married to Helen and has two girls, Sarah and Emma. Spending time with family, a walk and a coffee at the beach on the north coast and watching Tottenham Hotspur would all be ingredients of a perfect day for Simon. Marina Gaynova, HR Director Marina has more than 15 years’ experience in the Coca‑Cola System. She joined in 2001 in one of the plants in Russia as a marketing specialist. Soon she moved to HR and held a series of roles in learning and development including L&D Manager for Russia. After that she extended her experience to general HR – first holding the role of HR Business Partner for Support Functions in CCHBC Russia and later moving to the role of HR Manager for Multon and since 2019 HR Director of the island of Ireland. Marina has a wealth of experience in talent and people development, expertise in managing big, small and matrix teams, as well as affecting significant organisational change. In her current role, Marina is tasked with strengthening the culture of CCHBC, its people and teams to enable business growth. Before starting a career in the Coca‑Cola System, Marina was passionate about figure skating. She continues to enjoy living a healthy lifestyle and learns new sports during holidays. Marina is a mother to a 5 year old daughter. Milan Topolic, Enterprise Operations Country Manager for Ireland Milan joined CCHBC Ireland in July 2014 in the role of BSS Leader Supply Chain. During this time, Milan acted as a partner for Supply Chain supporting various new solution implementations, driving the exploitation agenda in process standardization and maximizing systems utilization. Milan actively participated in the ICSC implementation and Warehouse outsourcing project, ensuring full systems and processess readiness and supporting business users knowledge management. Milan has over 17 years of experience working for Coca‑Cola HBC, starting his Hellenic career in Croatia. He now lives in Belfast with his wife Antonija and three children Filip, Matej and Nataniel. Becky Jones, Legal Director and Company Secretary Becky joined Coca‑Cola HBC Ireland & Northern Ireland in September 2016. As Legal Function Head, she is responsible for maximising commercial opportunities and good corporate governance whilst protecting and managing legal and regulatory risks for the company. Her key responsibilities include ensuring that we operate in a compliant manner across the IOI, supporting contractual negotiations, providing legal advice across the entire business and delivering training on a range of legal topics. Becky loves to mentor and coach people who she meets as she is passionate about developing and growing people and ideas. She is also regularly invited to speak at external events in Ireland. Prior to joining Coca‑Cola HBC, Becky worked for Diageo as the Regional Counsel for IOI and a member of the IOI and Europe Legal Leadership Teams. She was also head of the Brand Protection Group and Spirited Women Network and worked closely with the various Ireland based visitor attractions. Prior to Diageo, she worked in private practice as a Senior Associate Solicitor working on a range of corporate and commercial transactions. Becky lives in County Dublin with her 3 children, Sean, Finnian and Carys. Clive Wilson, Country ICSC Manager Clive joined Coca‑Cola HBC Ireland and Northern Ireland in September 2008, holding a number of roles in Procurement before progressing to the Country Logistics Manager role in 2013. In February 2015 Clive was appointed to the role of Country Supply Chain Services Manager as part of the Integrated Competitive Supply Chain (ICSC) transformation and in May 2017 moved to a Group role, taking the position of Region 3 Planning Director. Clive returned to the Ireland of Ireland operation in May 2019 as part of a Group restructure, taking up a new role as Country ICSC Manager. Prior to joining Coca‑Cola HBC, Clive worked in the aerospace, electronics and office furniture industries. In his current role Clive has overall responsibility for the operational performance and the strategic planning of the Supply Chain function. His key responsibilities include maintaining and improving Customer Service levels, developing talent, and delivering on key projects and new processes which support the business's strategic plan. Clive is married to Helen and lives in Donaghcloney with his two children Ben and Ruby. We proactively engage with our stakeholders

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Death of Frederick Douglass Date(s): February 20, 1895 Location: Tag(s): African-Americans, Health/Death, Race-Relations On February 20, 1895, after attending a women's rights meeting, Frederick Douglass was struck by a heart attack and died at the age of 77. Crowds gathered to pay their respects at the Washington Church where he lay in state. His body was later brought to Rochester, N.Y., where he was laid to rest.Douglass was born a slave in Talbot County, Maryland in 1818* (exact date unknown; some sources say 1817)... Ratification of Louisiana constitution creates land grant funding for Louisiana State University and creates state supported black university in New Orleans. Date(s): December 8, 1879 Location: Tag(s): Education With the ratification of the Louisiana Constitution of 1879, Article 230 mandated that the Louisiana State Agricultural and Mechanical College would receive 182,000 is state funding from the sales of lands. At the same time Article 231 of the constitution mandated that the state would “make an annual appropriation of not less than five thousand dollars, nor more than ten thousand dollars,' for... Tuskegee Institute Founded Date(s): July 4, 1881 Location: Tag(s): African-Americans, Education, Race-Relations On July 4, 1881, Booker T. Washington founded Tuskegee University, a school created to provide blacks with both a moral and an industrial education. Washington advocated an emphasis on economic self-reliance for blacks, rather than an emphasis on political and social advancement, and he recruited renowned teachers, such as George Washington Carver, to train his university students in domestic, agricultural,... Death of Sidney Lanier Date(s): September 7, 1881 Location: Tag(s): Arts/Leisure Sydney Lanier, a Southern poet and musician, died on September 7, 1881 of consumption in Lynn, North Carolina. Having suffered health problems before the Civil War, his death was not unexpected. Nonetheless, his early death was mourned by many, especially the wife and three children left behind.Born in Macon, Georgia, Lanier received an education at Oglethorpe University. He initially followed in... Death of Lousianna Governor Date(s): October 1881 Location: Tag(s): Law After the Civil War, political machines exerted strong control over Lousianna politics. Louis Wiltz, the Democrat who defeated Judge Taylor Beattie for the governorship in 1879, died in office in October of 1881. Wiltz was a French creole of German ancestry, who experienced great success in the Lousianna business world and became vice-president of the Louisianna State National bank before being elected... Quarantine Station at Vicksburg Abolished Date(s): August 3, 1881 Location: Tag(s): Health/Death, Urban-Life/Boosterism On August 3rd, the National Board of Health reopened the quarantine station at Vicksburg, Mississippi that had been abolished earlier. The location at Vicksburg was closed, because the board, supervised by Dr. Frank Reily, was unable to safely man the station. Of the inspectors sent to the quarantine, all contracted malarial fever. The board found it unnecessary to continue the station at Vicksburg,... Uncle Remus Published Date(s): 1881 Location: Tag(s): Arts/Leisure, Race-Relations Joel Chandler Harris, an author born in Eatonton County, GA, published Uncle Remus: His Songs and Sayings, his first collection of Uncle Remus stories, in 1881 and found an enormously receptive audience. Harris first began developing his interest in writing and journalism at the age of thirteen when he served as an apprentice for a nearby newspaper. Harris experienced success as a humorist began... Texas Railroad Agreement Date(s): November 26, 1881 Location: Tag(s): Migration/Transportation Railroads were essential modes of development in Texas, a state which retained its frontier status while others turned to a manufacturing economy. After the Civil War, efforts were renewed to construct a southern transcontinental railroad. In order to do so, the Texas and Pacific Railway Company, which had received a federal charter in 1871, was granted permission to build tracks from Marshall, Texas... Confederate Congress adopts a constitution Date(s): March 11, 1861 Location: Tag(s): Race-Relations, Slavery The Confederate Constitution was adopted by the Confederacy in opposition to the Union and the United States Constitution. The prominent differences between the two were that the Confederate Constitution sought different guarantees of states' rights and protected slavery as an institution. Members of the convention held in Montgomery made it their goal to create a constitution for the southern states... Territorial Capital of Mississippi Established at Jackson Date(s): January 1821 Tag(s): Race-Relations, Urban-Life/Boosterism The site of the city, a trading post known as Le Fleur's Bluff near the Natchez Trace, is located on the west bank of the Pearl River thirty-five miles southwest of the geographical center of Mississippi, and was originally owned and inhabited by the Choctaw Indians. The Choctaw were the largest tribe found in the region and their lands stretched throughout western Alabama and southern Mississippi.... « Prev | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Next »

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When Will It Ever Change? Date(s): July 11, 1930 Location: New York, New York Tag(s): Crime/Violence, African-Americans, Lynching News stories relating ‘death by accident,’ ‘murder by one of own’ or even an ‘unsolved mystery’ are just too far-fetched to explain the discovery of so many ‘Negro’ bodies found in the swamps or in uninhabited places in 1930. It is inconceivable to think that the white tyrannical press believe that we are fooled by their fabrications about the missing southern ‘Negro’ workers,”... Lead paint takes over Michigan Date(s): 1908 to 1922 Location: Wayne, Michigan Tag(s): occupational health, Detroit, Medicine/Health At the beginning of the 20th century, when most Americans lacked indoor plumbing and basic sanitation was rare, infectious disease was an ever present fear. Millions of people worldwide died in 1918 from the Spanish flu, and cholera and typhoid were frequent threats in the cities. At this time, the medical community encouraged people to wash their walls to help avoid disease. Painted walls were... Liquor has always been plentiful in Wisconsin, even during prohibition. Date(s): 1929 Location: Brown, Wisconsin, Dane, Wisconsin Tag(s): Beer, bootlegging, Wisconsin, Prohibition “Chicago may have put the roar in the roaring Twenties but it was Wisconsin with its steady resistance from otherwise law abiding citizens that was the straw on the camels back of Prohibition.” That is what Michael Bie said in his book titled “It Happened in Wisconsin” about the sentiment in Wisconsin during prohibition. Then it was April 2, 1929 when 64%... The School to Prison Pipeline: How Ella Fitzgerald's Brief Imprisonment Informs us on the Link Date(s): April 13, 1933 Location: Hudson, New York Tag(s): african americans, Education, Incarceration, Discrimination, Ella Fitzgerald, prison, Pipeline On April 13, 1933, a judge sentenced the future First Lady of Song, Ella Fitzgerald, to serve out her time at the New York State Training School for Girls in Hudson, New York. At fifteen years old, she was sent there on the charge of “incorrigibility,” a status offence that sent minors to reform schools. While there, Fitzgerald, as an African American, was racially segregated into different... Grand Jury Probes Shooting Date(s): April 24, 1933 Location: Davie, North Carolina Tag(s): African American death, White violence The death of John “Red Shirt” Davis, an African American from Georgia, seemed to be a very routine shooting for the Coolemee police. Though the death of Davis was not something the police were happy about, it seemed to be necessary because Davis had resisted arrest, according to the Raleigh Observer. The police officer who shot him was Special Officer Jess Saunders. According to Officer... The Education of the Native American Indian Date(s): May 26, 1930 Location: Robeson, North Carolina Tag(s): Education, Native American, Pembroke On May 23, 1930, School Board Chairman W.H. Godwin told a graduating class “to have some ambition in life, to beware of bad company, obey the laws of the land and in so doing obey the laws of God. Learn to live and act in a way in which people will respect…remembering always that there is a place for skill.” The graduating class he addressed consisted of fifteen youths who attended an Indian... Laurel: An Almost home for the Bonus Expaditionary Force Date(s): May 1932 to December 1932 Location: Baltimore, Maryland Tag(s): Laurel Md, Maryland, Veterans, World War 1, The Great Depression, Bonus March After World War I, men who had fought in the United States military forces were promised a bonus. Imagined as a way to provide them with some financial support in their older age, Congress agreed to pay the bonus in 1945 --nearly thirty years after the end of the war. However, by 1932, veterans of the war were feeling the impact of the Great Depression very sharply.Walter W. Wathers left Portland,... Comforting a Nation Date(s): May 7, 1933 Location: Dist Columbia, District of Columbia Tag(s): Franklin D. Roosevelt, Fireside Chat Franklin D. Roosevelt had a great challenge ahead of him as our nation’s 32nd President. The United States was in a period of unemployment and extreme poverty. The people were losing faith and it was F. D. R.’s responsibility to fix the problem. On May 7, 1933, F.D.R. entered American homes through their radios. Hoping to restore hope to the public, Roosevelt assured them that Congress... Abner Jordan Shares His Life as a Slave Date(s): March 1930 to 1930 Location: Durham, North Carolina Tag(s): Slavery, plantation, Slave Living Conditions, Runaway Slaves, Slave Life Abner Jordan was interviewed by a member of the Work Projects Administration for a Federal Writer’ Project that was documenting North Carolina slave narratives. Jordan has never left North Carolina since he was born there and agreed to the interview despite being the old age of 95. He discussed his birth with hesitance, claiming that he was “bawn about 1832 in Staggsville, Marse Cameron’s... Information Passed On: A German Attempt to Curb anti-Nazi sentiment Date(s): August 8, 1933 Location: New York, New York Tag(s): War, Foreign Politics, League of Nations Over seventy-seven years ago, on the eighth of August, 1933, Dr. Daniel Mulvihill (a New Yorker) was assaulted by a German citizen while he was visiting Berlin, apparently because he had failed to “salute a Nazi detachment.” A few weeks later, on the twenty-fourth of that month, Dr. Mulvihill’s assailant was taken into custody by Nazi authorities, and was then deposited into a concentration...

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Viking Camp Uncovered By Archaeologists In England ArchaeologyArticlesEuropean HistoryNewsPhotos0 Comments 0 PHOTO: the-wanderling.com In the late 9th century, Vikings, or ‘Northmen’ as they were known to historical peoples, hit the beaches of England in scores of dragon-studded long-ships prepared to conquer the island for themselves. Over the next century, they would come to be the dominant culture: ‘Saxon’ culture. They brought their poetry, language, religion music, metalworking, and way of war to the native Celts living in England already. They would remain rulers of Britain until William the Conqueror sailed from France in 1066 to take the throne of England for himself. This year, archaeologists working in Lincolnshire, England, just on the shores of the River Trent have discovered the remains of a massive Viking war camp. From what they’ve uncovered already, we know that the camp was hardly a rest stop for a small band of warriors. It was a full-on military base, larger than most towns of the era, kitted with its own traders, families, feasts, and entertainment. “From what has been found at the site, we know they were repairing their boats there and melting down looted gold and silver to make ingots – or bars of metal they used to trade,” Professor Dawn Hadley, leader of the research on the site being conducted by University of Sheffield’s Department of Archaeology said, “Metal detectorists have also found more than 300 lead game pieces, suggesting the Vikings, including, women and children, were spending a lot of time playing games to pass the time, waiting for spring and the start of their next offensive.” The Vikings were no stranger to England. For a hundred years, they’d been the scourge of Europe, raiding coastal monasteries for their caches of gold, other precious items, and supplies. “The Vikings had previously often raided exposed coastal monasteries and returned to Scandinavia in winter,” Professor Julian Richards with the University of York explained, “but in the later ninth century they came in larger numbers, and decided to stay. This sent a very clear message that they now planned not only to loot and raid – but to control and conquer.” PHOTO: bb.co.uk Metal detectorists working at this location in Lincolnshire have uncovered a wealth of artifacts. They’ve found over 300 coins (including 100 Arabic silver coins that would have come through Viking trade routes), 50 pieces of silver, brooch fragments and ingots, 300 gaming pieces, iron tools, spindle whorls, needles, and fishing weights. Researchers working on the the site believe that, with the River Trent to the west, and the surrounding land prone to flooding, the Vikings knew this site was extremely defensible and set up permanent shop quickly in order to launch a full-scale campaign against the surrounding towns, such as York. In fact, this camp would have been bigger than York was at the time. The best part about this entire find is that all the research has been used to create a virtual reality experience based on real objects found at the site. “The new research by the Universities of Sheffield and York has been used to create the most realistic images of the camp to date, based on real findings. These images are also believed to be the most realistic Virtual Reality ever created anywhere of the Viking world.” – Dr. Gareth Beale, York’s Digital Creativity Labs. This virtual reality experience is part of an exhibit that opened at the University of York on Friday (May 19th, 2017), and joins scores of similar historical virtual reality experiences being constructed in museums around the world. As our science advances, so does our understanding of the past. Virtual reality exhibits help the public get a real understanding of historical sites that they might never have otherwise. Who knows what’s next? Tourists Who Damaged Historical Site Aprehended The History of Ballet AO May 3, 2019 This Viking King Was Buried With His Sword and His Dog Battles That Made History: Tours Elizabeth Lundin January 11, 2017 Ernest Hemingway: The Man Behind the Legend (Part 1) Jade June 13, 2019

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We aim to respond to and resolve all complaints quickly and constructively. The procedures to investigate and resolve complaints followed by IJEMR Journal aims to be fair and balanced for those making complaints and for those being complained about. For Appeal against editorial decisions If the authors disagree with the editorial decision on their manuscripts they have a right to appeal. Authors who wish to appeal an editorial decision should contact the Editor-in-Chief of the specific journal. In such cases the Editor-in-Chief will review the manuscript, editorial and peer reviewers' comments and give his/her decision for accepting or rejecting a manuscript. Editor-in-Chief may, if so required, send the manuscript to a new handling editor for a fresh editorial review and to new referees for peer review. Decision of the Editor-in-Chief in such case will be final. Editorial Matters: For complaints related to policies, procedures, editorial content and actions of the editorial staff The procedure to make a complaint is easy. The complaint can be made by writing an e-mail. Ideally the complaint should be made to the person with whom the complainant is in regular contact for the matter being complained about. If due to any reason it is not appropriate or possible to complain to the contact person, please email to: editor.ijircst@gmail.com All complaints will be acknowledged within three working days. Complaints Handling Policy (Escalation Procedures) The complaints will be resolved by the person to whom they are made. If the person to whom the complaint is made is not able to deal with the complaint he or she will refer it to the Section Editor. Second Contact Section Editor The Section Editor will resolve the complaint. If the complaint cannot be resolved by the Section Editor, it will be referred to the Editor-in-Chief. Third Contact For all matters related to the policies, procedures, editorial content and actions of the editorial staff, the decision of the Editor-in-Chief will be final. If the Editor-in-Chief is unavailable for any reason, the complaint will be referred to the Managing Editor of IJEMR Journal. All efforts will be made to resolve the complaint as quickly as possible. In some cases, delay in complaint resolution may occur if a response from any third person or organization is required. Until the complaint is resolved, a complaint resolution update will be provided to the complainant, every two weeks, until the complaint is finally resolved. Editorial Matters: For complaints related to the conduct of the Editor-in-Chief Non-Editorial Matters: For complaints related to IJEMR Journal except as given in section I and II above The complaint can be made by writing an email. Complaints about matters related to IJEMR Journal but which are not related to policies, procedures, actions of the editorial staff and editorial content can be made to: editor.ijircst@gmail.com If any complaint about editorial matters is sent to the above it be referred to the Editor-in-Chief of the respective journal or to the Managing Editor in the absence of the Editor-in-Chief.

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Top Stock Picks Based on Artificial Intelligence: Returns up to 3.72% in 3 Days Top Stock Picks This top S&P 500 stocks forecast is designed for investors and analysts who need predictions for the whole S&P 500 (See S&P 500 Companies Package). It includes 20 stocks with bullish and bearish signals and indicates the best S&P 500 Companies stocks to buy: Top 10 S&P 500 stocks for the long position Top 10 S&P 500 stocks for the short position Package Name: S&P 500 Companies Forecast Length: 3 Days (04/26/2019 – 04/30/2019) Several predictions in this short-term 3 Days forecast saw significant returns. The algorithm had correctly predicted 9 out 10 stock movements. TWTR was the top performing prediction with a return of 3.72%. CINF and DGX saw outstanding returns of 2.79% and 2.27%. With these notable trade returns, the package itself registered an average return of 1.33% compared to the S&P 500’s return of 0.67% for the same period. Twitter, Inc. (TWTR) operates as a global platform for public self-expression and conversation in real time. The company offers various products and services, including Twitter that allows users to create, distribute, and discover content; and Periscope and Vine, a mobile application that enables user to broadcast and watch video live. It also provides promoted products and services, such as promoted tweets, promoted accounts, and promoted trends that enable its advertisers to promote their brands, products, and services; and subscription access to its data feed for data partners. In addition, the company offers a set of tools, public APIs, and embeddable widgets for developers to contribute their content to its platform; syndicate and distribute Twitter content across their properties; and enhance their Websites and applications with Twitter content. Twitter, Inc. (TWTR) was founded in 2006 and is headquartered in San Francisco, California. Algorithmic traders utilize these daily forecasts by the I Know First market prediction system as a tool to enhance portfolio performance, verify their own analysis and act on market opportunities faster. This forecast was sent to current I Know First subscribers. How to interpret this diagram Algorithmic Stock Forecast: The table on the left is a stock forecast produced by I Know First’s algorithm. Each day, subscribers receive forecasts for six different time horizons. Note that the top 10 stocks in the 1-month forecast may be different than those in the 1-year forecast. In the included table, only the relevant stocks have been included. The boxes are arranged according to their respective signal and predictability values (see below for detailed definitions). A green box represents a positive forecast, suggesting a long position, while a red represents a negative forecast, suggesting a short position. Please note-for trading decisions use the most recent forecast. Get today’s forecast and Top stock picks. APC CINF DGX FB FBHS HAS qcom TEL twtr Top S&P 500 Stocks Best Stocks To Buy Based on Big Data Analytics: Returns up to 23.86% in 3 Months Best Stocks To Short Based on Deep-Learning: Returns up to 8.94% in 3 Days Best Stocks To Short Based on AI: Returns up to 12.47% in 7 Days Top S&P 500 Stocks Based on Data Mining: Returns up to 14.56% in 1 Month

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UK - London - Gerrard Street in Chinatown Scene on Gerrard Street, the centre of London's Chinatown. The name Chinatown has been used at different times to describe different places in London. The present Chinatown is in the Soho area of the City of Westminster, occupying the area in and around Gerrard Street. It contains a number of Chinese restaurants, bakeries, supermarkets, souvenir shops, and other Chinese-run businesses. 20101020chinatownO.jpg London English England Britain British UK United Kingdom Michael Mike Kemp China town Chinatown Gerrard Street St Chinese people Mike Kemp - All pics

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News News Uncategorised NEWS: Asian Paralympic Committee and 8 NPCs sign Brighton Declaration In a fitting conclusion to a workshop to encourage more women to be involved in para-sport, the Asian Paralympic Committee (APC) signed the Brighton plus Helsinki 2014 Declaration on Women and Sport. The Declaration is a global treaty drawn up by the International Working Group (IWG) on Women and Sport that has become a roadmap to support the ongoing development of a more fair and equitable system of sport and physical activity, fully inclusive of women and girls. It has 10 principles which are designed to achieve equity of opportunity for women and girls to participate, compete and build careers in sport and physical activity. Commenting on the signing, Chair of the APC’s Women in Sport Committee, Ms Nasanbat Oyunbat said; “Whilst the number of women from Asian countries has been steadily increasing over the recent editions of the Paralympic Games, there is still some way to go. The workshop we have held to support National Paralympic Committees (NPCs) in this aim is one way that we are working on this issue. The signing of this declaration is a further endorsement of the APC’s commitment to encouraging more women and girls to participate in para-sport, both on and off the field of play.” The declaration was also signed by the NPCs from Afghanistan, Cambodia, Laos, Maldives, Myanmar, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Yemen who were taking part in the workshop. They join 550+ organisations from around the globe who have made the commitment to actively support women and girls in sport and physical activity. Tarek Souei, APC CEO commented: “We’re delighted that so many of our member NPCs have joined us in signing the declaration. We will now work with the remaining Asian NPCs and encourage them to sign the declaration too as part of our ongoing commitment to encourage more women and girls from across Asia to become involved in our movement.” Rachel Froggatt, Secretary General of the International Working Group on Women and Sport Secretariat & Conference 2018 – 2022 commented: “For more than two decades, the Brighton plus Helsinki 2014 Declaration has provided a guiding light for organisations committed to achieving gender equity for girls and women in sport and physical activity worldwide. The Global Executive of the International Working Group (IWG) on Women & Sport is thrilled to see the Asian Paralympic Committee and the eight other National Paralympic Committees from Asia sign the Declaration in Tokyo this month, yet again reinforcing the power of the Paralympic Movement in driving inclusion. We look forward to meeting more new Signatories over the next few years, as New Zealand continues its hosting the IWG Secretariat, culminating in the staging of the 8thIWG World Conference in May 2022.” Former IWG Secretary General Wins Gender Equity Award Historic Forum Event Held in Lesotho NEWS: IWG Welcomes New Signatory for Brighton Declaration OPINION: Busting the myth no one watches women’s sport ADVOCACY: DSD regulations- IWG, WSI & IAPESGW respond to IAAF letter

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加盟航空会社 法人向けソリューション oneworld and Moscow Domodedovo Airport plan to open a branded lounge for member airline customers oneworld® and Moscow Domodedovo airport have agreed to build a branded lounge for customers of the alliance’s member airlines. The lounge at Moscow Domodedovo, which is the home of oneworld member S7 Airlines, will be the first oneworld-branded lounge in the world. The new lounge aims to deliver a superior customer experience for premium customers and frequent flyers of oneworld member airlines travelling from the airport. oneworld and Moscow Domodedovo airport will announce the opening date and further details in 2020. “We are excited to launch the first oneworld branded lounge at Moscow Domodedovo in this momentous year, as we celebrate the alliance’s 20th anniversary with an invigorated mission to deliver the highest levels of service and most seamless travel experience to our customers,” said oneworld CEO Rob Gurney. “Moscow Domodedovo is the home of our member S7 Airlines, and we are thrilled that the first oneworld branded lounge will be located at its hub.” Igor Borisov, the Director of Moscow Domodedovo Airport, said: “Thanks to the joint project of the airport and oneworld, our passengers will receive exclusive world-class service. We are confident that this will have a positive impact on strengthening the alliance's brand in the Russian market, and Domodedovo will become even more attractive for frequent flyers of the oneworld alliance.” Domodedovo serves as a major hub for the oneworld alliance in Russia. oneworld member S7 Airlines operates more than 140 daily flights from the airport. “With Domodedovo Airport being our core hub we will be really glad to welcome passengers of our partner airlines in Moscow. We always strive to provide travellers with excellent service at any stage of their journey. I am sure that opening of the new Domodedovo terminal and the oneworld branded business lounge will enable us to further enhance airport passenger experience,” said Anton Eremin, CEO of S7 Group. Including the S7 Airlines operations, Moscow Domodedovo airport handles over 150 daily flights by oneworld member airlines, including British Airways, Iberia, Japan Airlines, Qatar Airways and Royal Jordanian. In the first 11 months of 2019, Moscow Domodedovo and oneworld airlines served more than 12.6 million passengers, an increase of 5% over the same period in 2018. For media queries, please contact press@oneworld.com oneworld について oneworld brings together 13 world-class airlines - American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific Airways, Finnair, Iberia, Japan Airlines, LATAM, Malaysia Airlines, Qantas, Qatar Airways, Royal Jordanian, S7 Airlines and SriLankan Airlines, and around 30 of their affiliates. Royal Air Maroc is on track to join during 2020. Fiji Airways is a oneworld connect partner. Collectively, these airlines: · Serve 1,100 airports in 180 territories, with 14,000 daily departures. · Carry almost 550 million passengers a year on a combined fleet of 3,500 aircraft. · Generate US$ 135 billion annual total revenues. oneworld member airlines work together to deliver consistently a superior, seamless travel experience, with special privileges and rewards for frequent flyers, including earning and redeeming miles and points across the entire alliance network. Top tier cardholders (Emerald and Sapphire) enjoy access to more than 650 airport lounges and are offered extra baggage allowances. The most regular travellers (Emerald) can also use fast track security lanes at select airports. About Moscow Domodedovo airport Moscow Domodedovo Airport is one of the largest air hubs in Russia. In 2018, the airport served 29.4 million passengers. Members of the world's leading airline alliances including oneworld have chosen Moscow Domodedovo Airport for their flights to and from Moscow. Moscow Domodedovo Airport is the only airport in Russia handling flights operated by the Airbus A380 on an ongoing basis. S7 Airlines について S7 Airlines is a member of the global aviation alliance oneworld®, the largest private airline in Russia. All airline flights are operated on modern aircraft produced by the world leading manufacturers: Airbus, Boeing and Embraer. S7 Airlines has a wide network of domestic flights, built on the basis of air hubs in Moscow (Domodedovo) and Novosibirsk (Tolmachevo). The carrier operates regular flights to the CIS countries, Europe, Middle East, Southeast Asia and the Asia-Pacific region. In 2018 S7 Airlines carried more than 15.9 million passengers on its flights. イベントログイン 旅行代理店トレーニング グローバルサポート 「同意する」をクリックすることで、oneworld.com ウェブサイトの契約条項、個人情報保護に関する基本方針、および本ウェブサイト利用時の Cookie の使用に同意されるものとします。

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Best Places to Retire in the U.S. Each year, Bankrate releases rankings that compare each and every state’s retirement benefits. Many factors are used to determine who takes the top spot. These factors include affordability, crime, culture, weather and wellness. However, the best places to retire in the U.S. will be different for each person. You may have a unique set of needs when you begin your search for the perfect retirement destination. You may want to remain close to your family, and you’ll always have to narrow your search to fit within your financial means. Some retirees prefer specific retirement villages that provide more assistance, support and amenities. So where are the best places to retire in the U.S. today? On the East Coast, you can’t go wrong with Florida, North Carolina or Georgia. Out West and in between, consider Texas, Arizona and Hawaii as premier retirement locations. In contrast to Bankrate, I decided to exclude the first four states on its list: Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri and South Dakota. While these states are affordable, they lack in other areas. Nebraska and Iowa rank low in weather and culture. Missouri ranks low in both crime and culture, and it also struggles to keep up in wellness. South Dakota ranks in the top 10 in only one category, which is wellness. Otherwise, the Mount Rushmore State doesn’t have the best weather or crime rates. What Qualities to Look For in the Best Places to Retire in the U.S. Your specific circumstances will play the biggest role in deciding what matters most to you in retirement. For example, you may consider: Recreational benefits Proximity to friends and family Cost of living and transportation Entertainment value. But picking a place to retire should include much more than your preferences. You should consider your financial constraints as well. This is a personal decision that is vital to your quality of life outside the workforce. Therefore, cost of living is the most important factor to consider, and it should carry the most weight when deciding. Will you have enough money to live comfortably? Will you be able to cover your medical expenses as healthcare costs continue to rise? The answers to these two questions will depend on each other. Learn more about the best places to retire in the U.S. below. Determine which qualities you value the most and find the perfect state for your retirement. Consider the East Coast When thinking of retiring on the East Coast, most people turn to Florida. The Sunshine State rightfully deserves to be near the top of any list for retirees. Florida is the fifth most tax-friendly state in the country, according to Kiplinger. The weather is great, the culture is vibrant, and the retirement communities are some of the best in the country. Georgia also deserves recognition as a retirement option. Its weather is comparable to Florida, and it’s more affordable according to Bankrate’s table. Social Security income is exempt from state taxes. Retirement income is also exempt up to a specific amount of money: $35,000 for ages 62 to 64 $65,000 for 65 or older $130,000 for couples. Retirement income includes pensions and annuities, interest, dividends, rental property income, capital gains and royalties. This is why Georgia is growing in popularity among retirees. But there’s another state that is quietly surfacing as a diamond in the rough. North Carolina is one of the best places to retire in the U.S., not just on the East Coast. Bankrate places the Tar Heel State as seventh overall in the country. Its lowest rank in any category is 33rd for wellness, but only Florida (fifth overall) and Nebraska (first overall) rank 33rd or better in all categories. The beaches are underrated, the culture and entertainment value are gaining traction, and it’s one of the most affordable states you can find. Don’t underestimate North Carolina as a destination for retirees. Retirement Out West Similar to Florida in the East, many people tend to lean toward California when they think about retirement out West. While California has many benefits for retirees, it doesn’t fair well on Bankrate’s scale. It isn’t tax-friendly, which is why it’s down near the bottom at 43rd overall. However, there are a couple of outliers to consider for your retirement. Most notably, you can’t go wrong with Hawaii or Arizona. Texas also makes our list, though it truly is a Lone Star State where East meets West. Hawaii is a popular state for retirees for obvious reasons. The water is clear, the weather is great, and the culture is unlike anywhere else. It ranks in the top 10 in three categories and has the best weather out of all 50 states. If it weren’t for cost of living, in which it ranks 45th, Hawaii would make the case for the top spot over Nebraska. A little further down the list is Arizona, though it shouldn’t be overlooked. Arizona is home to many retirement communities. In fact, Rio Verde in Maricopa County is the best retirement village I could find in my research. The weather in Arizona plays a major role in its rise to prominence for retirees, but it’s also great for recreational activities and entertainment. From golfing to hiking, there’s plenty of fun to be had. This state is perfect for anyone looking to have an active lifestyle in retirement. Texas ranks 17th overall with high marks for weather and wellness. Bankrate sees its culture as dead last, but I can’t get on board with that assessment. Everything is bigger in Texas, and the same goes for its cultural growth over the last decade. The arts are valued more in Texas now than ever before. Just take a look at South by Southwest for example. Houston and Austin are leading the way as cultural hotbeds in Texas and show no signs of slowing down. Worst States for Retirement With the good comes the bad. Maryland, New York and Alaska finished as the worst states in the U.S. for retirees. Maryland is at the bottom, with low marks in nearly all categories outside of weather. It’s 47th in affordability, 33rd in crime, 42nd in culture and 37th in wellness. New York is just ahead due to being last in affordability and having low marks in weather and wellness. Alaska is also near the bottom because of its weather and crime, which rank 50th and 49th respectively. The Best Places to Retire in the U.S. and Abroad More and more Americans are moving away from their hometowns in retirement. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, more than 500,000 adults 65 and older moved to a different state in the past year. Furthermore, many American retirees are moving abroad to Mexico. No matter your preference, there are plenty of great options for your retirement in 2019. Find the best places to retire in the U.S. today and be prepared. Subscribe to our free e-letter today and learn more about how the right investments can make all the difference in your retirement journey. Articles by Corey Mann Beyond Meat Stock Surges to Start 2020: Restaurant Chains to the Rescue Best Places to Retire in Tennessee in 2020 Top 10 Best Places to Retire in Virginia in 2020 The Real Impact of Coronavirus How Your Brain Makes You Susceptible to Fraud Is This What a Top Looks Like? 2020 Investment U Conference Is the Party Over? Here Are 10 Stocks to Avoid Now Top 20 Penny Stocks List 2020 The Great American Wealth Project Review Artificial Intelligence Stocks to Watch in 2020 Bryan Bottarelli War Room Review Top 10 Best Places to Retire in Georgia in 2019 Top 10 Best Places to Retire in Texas in 2019

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LOVE AND LANDMINES The Invictus Games Foundation meet with competitors as they relax in gaps between the sporting competition schedule, and discover a love story Down Under. Surrounded by his pals, Talash cuts quite the dash in his suit. The others are noticeably more casual. His hair is styled to within an inch, the aftershave is ever present and he’s freshly shaved. He is just like any other 18 year old boy heading out on a date or trying to impress a girl… …Except he’s not heading out on date and he is not just any other boy. Talash is perched on the edge of the sofa with five of his fellow countrymen from Team Afghanistan for the Invictus Games Sydney 2018. The nature of his injury is not apparent at first, it’s the same for many at the Games. The hidden injuries, whether it PTSD, a chronic illness or otherwise, aren’t always obvious and for many, sharing the reason they are competing is not something they want to, or feel comfortable, talking about. The handsome young Pashtun’s suit shrouds the severity of his wounds. A right leg missing below the knee and the severe scarring on his left betray an all-too-familiar story for many of his generation, and for those competing in Sydney. One year ago, Talash stepped on a mine in his home country. Whether the legacy of conflict with the Soviet Union in the eighties or something repurposed by the Taliban, he doesn’t know. He doesn’t care. “What does it matter who put it there.” His mate Abdul says to me. It’s true, what does it matter? Right now, Talash has other things on his mind than musing the indiscriminate violence of legacy mines. His eyes are darting around the ‘Friends and Family Zone’ of Invictus Games House, he’s looking for something or someone… “He met a girl” Abdul says. “That’s why he’s wearing that. He’s trying to impress her.” Abdul is 37, he thinks. “I’m not sure how old I am exactly.” To look at him, you would say he might be older, maybe by a decade or so, but then given the life he’s had, a level of premature ageing is to be expected. Abdul is also the victim of a landmine. The one he stepped on took both of his legs above the knee. “Unlucky”, he explains; That day he had already cleared 48 mines, but then when the Taliban surrounded his position, the only escape route he had was to rush through the minefield he had been tasked with making safe. Faced with the prospect of death or capture at the hands of the Taliban or risk life and limb through a minefield… He took the risk. He survived, but it cost him both of his legs above the knee. ‘Unlucky’ doesn’t seem to do his story justice. But we move on from the past and discuss adaptive sports. He tells me that shotput is his main focus. “In my village, everybody does the shotput. We train with rocks because we can’t afford proper balls.” Talash interjects, handing me his phone. The picture shows him and a young lady holding hands. “He wants to know if you know her and if you can help him”, Mirwais, the translator says. Clearly Talash has another agenda in agreeing to allow me an interview. Conducting a serious discussion with the young 18-year-old lothario becomes all the more challenging as he probes for any and all intelligence on offer. Sadly I have none. I try to steer the conversation back on track. “Have you enjoyed being here?” Clearly he’s enjoyed it. Possibly not for all the right reasons, but you can forgive him that. “The Games has refreshed my soul” he says. It is perhaps the most poetic response I could have expected. “Would he apply for the Games again?” Finally concentrating on the interview and forgetting that he might miss an opportunity to spot his heart’s desire for just one moment, his eyes focus and offers a response startling in its maturity: “This has been the most beautiful experience of my life. Being among people like me, playing sport with people like me, while people not like me, at all, watch and cheer. Who would not want that experience again?”. He continues: “But I am one of many hundreds, probably thousands. What would make me more happy is giving this experience to someone else back home, someone else like me.” He pauses. Just for a second, and returns to look around wistfully again for the girl in the photograph. By Liam Maguire “Inspiring Others and Being a Part of Something Bigger Than Myself” Using the Invictus Gsmes to Help Others How Sport Helped With my Recovery – Physically and Psychologically

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HomeFeatured Let's ask the all-knowing computer Review: Mansions of Madness (2nd Edition) By Wolfie on March 7, 2017 Featured Reviews A quiet noise, then a hush. In the darkness, something moves. Or is it your imagination? Around the corner, what will you find? Perhaps an innocent person, injured or afraid, that needs your help. Perhaps in unimaginable monster ready to use its razor-sharp claws. Will you put yourself at risk to solve the mystery of what is happening in this place? Or will you succumb to the darkness and lose your mind forever? Welcome to Mansions of Madness. How It Plays Mansions of Madness is an adventure game based in Fantasy Flight’s Arkham Files universe. You know, the one with all the horror and the Cthulhu. The game is scenario-driven, but each scenario is self contained and there is no overarching campaign. Just one possible map layout Most of the scenarios take place in a mansion. Players are given a brief introduction to the story and then placed in a room. From there, it’s up to them to explore and interact with various pieces of the game to discover the ultimate goal and attempt to complete it before everyone dies or goes completely insane. While the first edition utilized one player as the “Keeper” to manage the puzzles, enemies, and unfolding narrative, the second edition replaces this person with a digital app. The app facilitates player actions, provides descriptions of items, events, and points of interest, handles conversations with NPCs, and assists in combat. You’re gonna need some stuff Over the course of the game, players will explore the mansion, revealing new tiles, plot developments, characters, and items. They’ll search drawers, converse with NPCs, solve puzzles, fight monsters, and roll lots of dice. Ultimately, players will need to dig into the mystery to discover what the problem is, figure out how to solve it, and then undertake the necessary tasks. Along the way they’ll get hurt or mentally scarred, possibly even becoming permanently wounded or going insane. The game is won by completing the goal of the scenario, at which point the app provides a short epilogue. The game is lost if a player is killed or goes permanently insane, or a specific scenario-based loss condition is met. Probably has something to do with this piano, here What’s That Scratching Noise? My gaming group has always been into the Arkham Files series of board games. Arkham Horror, Eldritch Horror, Elder Sign – we’ve gotten hours of enjoyment out of trying to solve horrifying mysteries and fight unspeakable evil (and usually failing in the process). While Mansions of Madness always looked interesting, I never got into it because I’d heard how fiddly and cumbersome it was, not to mention the requirement that one player plays as the “Keeper” trying to manage all the behind-the-scenes stuff. Then I heard about thee “refrigerator incident” which soured me toward the game. But when the 2nd edition was announced with a huge overhaul and an app-driven experience, I was intrigued. Was it possible that they’d solved the problems of the original to make a much more enjoyable experience? Let’s ask the all-knowing computer I wish I could compare the two more directly, but as I never played the original, I’ll have to stick with reviewing the second edition in a vacuum. A cold, dark, mind-bending vacuum. I know some people aren’t a fan of mixing digital tech and cardboard at the table. Maybe those people and the audience for this game don’t really overlap anyway, but in case they do; rest easy, friends. This is a board game, through and through, heart and soul. What the app does is remove a ton of clutter from your table. All of those events and monsters and NPCs that would need to have some kind of component tied to them to function are instead tracked digitally, and it’s a huge boon. But, and this is important, the app doesn’t take the place of the board, or really much of the game at all. It could easily be built so that the game could be nearly fully played without the physical components, but it is not. It’s treated very much like another component. who doesn’t like custom dice? By that I mean, the app doesn’t track player movement around the board. It has no idea where you are. It doesn’t even track where monsters move. It doesn’t roll dice for you. It doesn’t hold your hand through the game – you have to track your actions and items and everything you do. It’s like a really smart deck of cards. Apprehensions assuaged yet? Let’s talk about the game. At it’s heart, Mansions of Madness is an adventure game with a touch of horror. Whichever role you play, you’re in over your head, but the fun is in exploration and discovery. Though you may become wounded or lose your mind along the way, it is possible to win. You don’t really want to fight this guy. You’re going to have to, but you don’t want to. The excitement begins the moment you set up the game. For such a huge box and a boatload of components, setup is pretty quick. All you have to do is sort out the tokens and start up the app. You are given an into and told which room tile to start on, and then you’re off. See, because the app keeps track of stuff for you, you don’t need to gather specific components for a scenario, or build the whole map beforehand. You’re told which tiles to add when you explore. You’re informed when monsters appear on the map, and the app provides the information you need when you encounter the monster – how to fight it, which skills to roll, etc. – without needing special decks or lookup tables or anything like that. As a result of not setting anything up, you also don’t know anything. You have no idea how big the mansion will be or what you’ll encounter, at all, and that’s exciting. It’s thrilling! It’s where this game really shines. Often you start in this here foyer It’s a tabletop experience like no other, watching as the story slowly unfolds with each door you open and each NPC you encounter. It’s crazy and bizarre and brilliant to have no idea how you are even supposed to win, and then have the picture slowly build as you play. The app can keep track of things going on outside your purview as well. NPCs can die in rooms you haven’t found yet. Monsters can wreak havoc. Potential clues can zip by because you were too slow. This is probably the best part of how the horror plays in. We’ve seen more than a few messages in the Mythos phase informing us that nothing happens… that we know about. Sometimes there’s no indication of anything, sometimes you hear creaks and groans, or distant screams, or unintelligible shouts. It’s all a little creepy, sometimes terrifying, and always exciting. The biggest downside is that these scenarios are mostly pre-determined. In playing the same scenario more than once, I found the actual map layout to stay the same, although specific items and clues can move around. This means the second time you play a scenario, the thrill of the unknown is lost. You can still have fun trying to accomplish the scenario goals with different characters or in a different way, but something is lost. ‘Course you’ll go mad in completely new ways each time That being said, it is my understanding that components from expansions (including if you have the first edition) can be incorporated into the original scenarios, which should allow for new map layouts and new surprises. Theoretically, each new expansion would not only provide a new scenario or two, but mix up the old scenarios and make them replayable once more. I can’t confirm that at this point, but it’s what I’ve heard. I do know for sure that new scenarios will be available for purchase as Downloadable Content – there’s already one available for a few bucks. You know what would be cool? A Scenario builder so people can create their own stories. Yeah. It’s worth mentioning at this point that Fantasy Flight Games managed something smart and kind to their fans. Although the first edition had its issues, it also had its fans, and it hasn’t been a terribly long time since it was released. However, the 2nd edition includes a conversion kit in the box which allows you to use characters, map tiles, and monsters from the original edition in this new version, so it’s like a massive expansion pack. That’s a decent thing to do to support your fans who’ve already invested a lot of time and money in your product. Alas, poor Yorick For those that didn’t own the first edition, the components that transfer are available in expansion packs – not the full first edition game, but the important stuff. Speaking of components, this box comes with the good stuff. The art on the map tiles is haunting and detailed. It’s got the full Fantasy Flight design treatment from tokens to item cards, and of course the miniatures. The monster minis are cool, although the bases are a headache. I do wish the Investigator miniatures had better silhouettes. We always have trouble figuring out who is who, and it’s not always easy to find your character on the board at a glance. Other than that, though, the components are gorgeous. The app is equally nice-looking, has a nice clear design, and quality voiceover to draw you in. Fire! Everything is burning! In case it wasn’t clear, I really enjoy this game. I wish there were more scenarios in the box, but I have to admit there’s a lot of content to go through. It’s as fun with 2 players as it is with 5, and it’s got pounds and pounds of flavor. Mansions of Madness 2nd Edition is a great example of how to update a board game, fix huge issues with the inclusion of an app, and treat your fans right. If you love the concept, you’ll love the execution here. It’s an immersive game that is quite challenging but a lot of fun to play, and I highly recommend it. iSlaytheDragon would like to thank Asmodee and Fantasy Flight Games for providing a review copy of Mansions of Madness, 2nd Edition. User Ratings (0 Votes) 0 Your Rating: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 App handles all the complex stuff without taking away the Board Game feel Very exciting to explore and discover as you go A variety of scenarios Great components (for the most part) Minis have some issues Scenarios aren't very replayable Tags: adventurecreaturesCthulhudiceexplorationhorrorlovecraftlovecraftianminiaturesmonsters Previous ArticleThe Village Square: March 6, 2017 Next Article How to Host a Game Night Review: Funkoverse Strategy Game Pingback: Review Roundup | Tabletop Gaming News Accessible to a wide range of ages and experience levels Game Length 90-480m (box says 30-60min) 1 to 5 (best with 2-5) Designer(s)

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Jerusalem Timeline Events and quotations cited here demonstrate Jerusalem’s political and religious importance and craving to Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, and when in time each of them controlled parts of the city. Other items here note when and/or why caliphs, churches, conferences, emirs, empires, generals, kings, resolutions, sultans, treaties, and other entities proclaimed privileges, control, and asserted views on how the city should be ruled, or which denominations within a faith could impose its physical control over the city, portions of it, or a particular venerated site. Indiana University Professor, Bernard Frischer estimates that since 2000 BCE, the city was destroyed twice, besieged 23 times, attacked another 52 times, recaptured 44 times, been the scene of 20 revolts, many riots, and endured half a dozen seperate periods of violent terrorist attackes during the past century, with the city peacefully changing hands only twice. Three monotheistic religions possess core connections and/or holy sites, and sacred space in the walled Old City or just adjacent to it in Jerusalem. These include Christian holy sites such as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre enclosing Jesus’s tomb, the churches of St. Anne, St. James, and St. Mark, the Tomb of the Virgin, the Garden of Gethsemane, and the Basilica of the Nativity in Bethlehem. Jewish holy sites include the Western Wall of the Second Temple, the Temple Mount from the First and Second Temples, Jewish tombs in the Kidron Valley,and the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives. Muslim holy sites inclue the mosques on the Haram al-Sharif (al-Aqsa and Domb of the Rock), the Tomb of David (Nebi Da’ud), and the western wall of the Haram, or Buraq. Jews particularly have a 3,000-year history with the city of Jerusalem as a political, economic, religious and cultural center and focus. In ancient times, the city housed the First and Second Temples where Jews from throughout the Land of Israel and the growing Diaspora made regular pilgrimages. Jewish tradition accepts the Temple Mount, where the First Temple stood, as the site of the binding of Isaac by Abraham. The retaining wall is believed to be the place where the shechinah – spirit of G-d has never departed. After the destruction of the second Temple in the first century, an entire liturgical tradition of praying for a return to the city emerged which is still part of Jewish worship today. And the direction of Jewish prayer outside the holy city always focused toward Jerusalem. During the British mandate (1922-1948), the city was home to the Zionist leadership and most Zionist political, cultural and religious institutions, including the Jewish Agency for Palestine, and the Hebrew University. Following the end of hostilities in 1948 and 1949, the Israeli government declared Jerusalem as its capital. Since January 1950, the country’s parliament, supreme court, and offices of the Prime Minister were all established in Jerusalem. Immediately after the June 1967 War, Israel annexed 70 kilometers of greater Jerusalem, declaring it the unified capital of Israel. In July 1980, the Israeli parliament, in its sixth Basic Law, reaffirmed its sovereign prerogative to declare Jerusalem again the eternal capital of the Jewish people, promising to secure the rights of all religions within the city. Finally, on several occasions in the last fifty years, the UN or its affiliated organizations have affirmed that some or all of Jerusalem is territory that should be adjudicated in future negotiations; ruled with prejudice that the city has no connection to a Jewish past; or as Israel has done for the last half century, upheld its sovereign right to control authority and jurisdiction over the city as its united capital. Ken Stein, December 2017 1004 B.C.E.: King David establishes Jerusalem as the Capitals of the Kingdom of Israel 970 B.C.E.: King Solomon builds the First Temple in Jerusalem as the religious and spiritual center of the Jewish people 922 B.C.E.: The Jewish Kingdom divides between North (Israel) and South (Judea): Jerusalem becomes the capital of Judea 586 B.C.E.: King Nebuchadnezzer of Babylon conquers Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple 538 B.C.E.: Jews rebuild the Temple anew, the Second Temple in Jerusalem 370 B.C.E.: Persians capture Jerusalem 332 B.C.E.: Alexander the Great conquers Jerusalem 163 B.C.E.: Jerusalem restored to Jewish autonomy under the Hasmonean Empire, with Maccabee’s defeat of the Hellenistic Jews 63 B.C.E.: Roman Rule in Jerusalem begins 10: The 9th day of the Jewish calendar month of Av (Tisha B’Av) is observed as a day of mourning for the destruction of the First Holy Temple in Jerusalem. Still practiced today, Jews all over the world fast as they mourn the loss of both the first and second holy Temples in Jerusalem, as well as other tragedies in Jewish history. 28-30: Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem 30: Martyrdom of Jesus in Jerusalem, followed by Jesus’ early followers, known as “the Twelve” moving from the Galilee to the holy city 70: Romans siege of Jerusalem; they destroy Jerusalem and the Second Temple 132-135: Simon Bar Kokhba revolts against the Roman Empire, controlling Jerusalem for three years 313: Brotherhood of Holy Sepulchre founded in Jerusalem 325-335: Church of Holy Sepulchre built in Jerusalem Early 600s: Muhammad founds Islam, facing Jerusalem during prayer 614-638: Jerusalem falls to the Persians 636-637: Muslim Caliph Umar conquers Jerusalem; Jews once again allowed to live in Jerusalem 638: The Armenian Apostolic Church begins to appoint its own bishop in Jerusalem, then under Islamic control 679-690: Al-Aqsa – prayer – mosque constructed in Jerusalem along southern wall of city 687-691: Dome of the Rock Mosque built in Jerusalem on the Temple Mount near al-Aqsa mosque 797: The first embassy is sent from King Charlemagne to the Muslim Caliph, Harun al-Rashid, who is reported to have offered the custody of the Holy places in Jerusalem to Charlemagne, including The Church of the Holy Sepulchre 1009: Muslim Caliph orders complete destruction of Church of Holy Sepulchre 1042-48: The Byzantine Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos sponsors the rebuilding of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in cooperation with the Muslim Caliph 1054: Christians in the Land of Israel are placed under the jurisdiction of the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem. 1095: Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusade 1099-1187: Crusader period with the first capture of Jerusalem by Europeans May 1141: Spanish/Hebrew poet Judah Halevi promotes return of diaspora Jews to Jerusalem 1187: Saladin, a Kurdish Muslim captures Jerusalem from the Crusaders 1244: Jerusalem destroyed 1250: 1517 Mamlukes rule Jerusalem 1264: Nachmanides, also known as Ramban revitalizes Jewish presence in Jerusalem, encouraging other Jews to return there 1392: English King Henry IV makes a pilgrimage to Jerusalem 1516-1517: Ottoman Empire replaces Mamluk control over much of the Levant and Jerusalem 1535-1538: Suleiman the Magnificent rebuilds the city walls of Jerusalem 1563: The Shulchan Aruch, considered a definitive code of Jewish law, is written. Amongst many other rulings, it requires that doors and windows of Jewish synagogues should open towards Jerusalem so that worshippers may pray towards the holy city. According to archaeological evidence, Jews living outside of Jerusalem, since the Babylonian exile (597/586 BCE – 538BCE), have maintained Jerusalem as an object of prayer. 1604: An agreement is reached between the Ottoman Empire and King Henry IV of France allowing his subjects to freely visit Holy sites in Jerusalem 1774: Catherine the Great and the Ottoman Sultan sign an agreement giving Russia the right to preside over all Christian holy sites in the Ottoman Empire, including those in Jerusalem 1799: During the Siege of Acre, Napoleon unsuccessfully attempts to capture Jerusalem 1831: Muhammad Ali of Egypt takes Jerusalem 1840: Ottoman Turks retake Jerusalem 1847: Giuseppe Valerga becomes the first Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem since the time of the Crusades 1853: The Ottoman Sultan’s attempt to fix the rights and responsibilities of different denominations as regards specific holy places in Jerusalem resulted in European powers fighting in the Crimean War. 1860: Moses Montifiore establishes residential areas outside the old city, Mishkenot Sha’ananim, later known as Yemin Moshe, other Jewish neighborhoods established outside the city, (Mahne Israel-1868, Nahalat Siva’a-1869, Beit David-1872, Mea She’arim-1873) 1866: Jerusalem population – 16,000 inhabitants, 8,000 of whom are Jewish June 1867: American Author Mark Twain visits Jerusalem as part of a great trip to the holy land. His travelogue is still referenced in many works on Israel and Zionism. June 1878: Six European powers, Balkan states and the Ottoman Empire’s leaders met and signed the Treaty of Berlin that aimed to iron out border and jurisdiction rights; the Treaty proclaimed “no alteration can be made in the status quo of the holy places.” 1878: Galician poet Naphtali Herz writes poem “Tikvatenu (Our Hope) becomes ultimately the Zionist anthem with phrase “An eye looks to Zion, our hope is not yet lost, the hope of two thousand years, to be a free people in our land, the land of Zion and Jerusalem.” 1887-88: Ottoman area where Palestine will be defined under the British in the 1920s, is divided into the districts of Acre, Nablus, and Jerusalem; it is autonomous and ruled directly by Istanbul 1888: The initiative of Tsar Alexander III, the Russian Orthodox Church completes construction of the iconic Church of Mary Magdalene in Jerusalem 1899: St. George’s Cathedral, the seat of the Anglican Bishop of Jerusalem, is built December 29, 1901: Jewish National Fund is established to finance land acquisition in Palestine. Yona Krementzky is named first President and opens the organizations first headquarters in Jerusalem in 1907. 1906: Bezalel Academy for Arts and Design established in Jerusalem December 9, 1917: the British take Jerusalem from the Ottoman Turks; it was not a capital of an jurisdiction at the time. May 1918: Muslim-Christian Association founded in Jaffa, meet next in Jerusalem July 14, 1918: Cornerstone of Hebrew University in Jerusalem was laid, opening in April 1925 1918-1920: Jerusalem and all of Palestine governed by the British military administration January 1919: First Palestine Arab Congress with 27 Arab delegates from across Palestine meet in Jerusalem, suggesting that Palestine should be part of Arab Syria. 1920-1948: Jerusalem is governed by British civilian administration as part of British control over the entire area of Palestine. Successive British High Commissioners will govern Palestine from Government House in Jerusalem. 1920: Va’ad Leumi (National Council) established in Jerusalem as the governing body of the Jewish community in British Palestine. March 1920: The Jerusalem committee headed by Vladimir “Ze’ev” Jabotinsky and Pinchas Rutenberg recruited and trained volunteers in self-defense. The group was charged with defending the city’s Jews during the Nebi Musa riots which took place the following month. In June, the Haganah is formally established as a national underground Jewish defense organization. April 4-7 1920: During a Muslim festival, Muslims and Jews clash in the old city of Jerusalem December 12, 1920: The Histadrut (General Federation of Jewish Labor) is established in Haifa. In 1924, a cornerstone is laid for a new headquarters in Jerusalem. 1922: Jerusalem population – 62,500 inhabitants, 34,000 of whom are Jewish 1922: British High Commissioner Herbert Samuel appoints a young member of a prominent Jerusalem family, Hajj Amin al-Husayni to be Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, and head of the Supreme Muslim Council that overseas all Muslim affairs in Palestine. 1928: Western Wall Comission made up of a Swedish, Dutch, and Swiss nationals reject the Arab view that Jews have no rights of access or worship at the (western) Wall, and give Jews free access to the Wall for prayer, but can not bring to the wall “appurtences of worship” such as an ark contained the Torah scrolls. The Western Wall is placed under the authority of the Chief Rabbinate established by the British administration. August 1929: Muslim-Jewish clashes in Jerusalem over rights to the Jewish holy places, ultimately spreading to Hebron and other cities, killing hundreds. August 12, 1929: The first meeting of the expanded Jewish Agency is held in Zurich. Conceived as an expanded, more representative body of world Jewry, the Jewish Agency was created to cooperate with the British on matters affecting the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine. In 1930, it moved into its present headquarters on King George Street in Jerusalem. 1933: Following the rise of the Nazis to power in Germany, the Central Zionist Archives are moved from Berlin to the Jewish Agency building in Jerusalem. July 1937: The British Royal Commission (Peel Report) proposes the concept of partitioning Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, with a special corridor to include Jerusalem and Bethlehem, for the first time. The report calls for, “A new Mandate should be instituted to execute the trust of maintaining the sanctity of Jerusalem and Bethlehem and ensuring free and safe access to them for all the world. Safeguarding the holy places was considered a “sacred trust of civilization.” 1946: Chief Rabbi Yitzhak Herzog purchases a piece of land in Jerusalem with the intention of it becoming the location for the Seat of the Chief Rabbinate. July 22, 1946: King David Hotel blast, 90 plus British administrators and military officials die at the hands of the Jewish underground November 29, 1947: UN partition resolution passed calling for an Arab and Jewish state, an economic union between them and the internationalization of a Jerusalem-Bethlehem corridor, administered by the UN. 1947-1949 War: Violence around the country, including Jerusalem; acting under orders Arab soldiers looted and dynamited synagogues, and Jewish schools. Some twenty-seven synagogues and thirty schools were destroye.d 1948: Jerusalem population – 165,000 inhabitants, 100,000 of whom are Jewish April 9, 1948: Arab village, Dir Yassin, a village outside of Jerusalem attacked by Jewish combatants, killing more than 150 Arabs, sending off a shock wave across Palestinian Arab society, causing massive numbers of Palestinians to leave their homes April 13, 1948: Arab combatants attack Hadassah Medical Convoy killing 79, while British look on. May-June 1948: With Arab combatants blockading conventional routes into Jerusalem, the Israel Defense Forces build a makeshift, covert route to get vehicles and supplies to the besieged city. The resulting “Burma Road” connected Kibbutz Hulda in the center of Israel to Jerusalem (roughly 40km). May 13, 1948: Jewish community near Jerusalem, Kfar Etzion is brutalized by the Jordanian Legion, killing 130 Jews. June 1, 1948: Israeli army builds alternative road to Jerusalem, blocked by Arab combatants. 1949: Independence war aftermath – Jerusalem is divided by fences and barriers until after the June 1967 war; Israel controlled western half of the city or about 38 square kilometers, Jordan controlled the eastern half of the city that included the relatively small Old City of Jerusalem with the most important religious holy sites within it. Israel was not given access to those holy sites. 1949-1967: Following the conclusion of the 1947-49 War, a crossing between Jordanian and Israeli controlled sides of Jerusalem is constructed. The resulting “Mandelbaum Gate” remained until Israel took East Jerusalem and the West Bank during the June 1967 War. In addition to regular diplomatic and supply convoys, Arab-Israeli Christians were allowed to use the crossing to visit Christian holy sites under Jordanian control during Christmas time. December 1949: The Israeli Cabinet votes to move the majority of Israel’s government institutions from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. 1950: Originally founded at The Palestine Post in 1932, the popular English newspaper changes its name to The Jerusalem Post. January 23, 1950: The Israeli Parliament declares Jerusalem Capital of Israel. Israel places its major institutions governmental institutions in Jerusalem—parliament, supreme court, governmental offices, and prime minister’s office April 24, 1950: Jordan officially annexes the West Bank and the part of Jerusalem it conquered in the 1947-1949 War. During Jordan’s nineteen year rule of eastern Jerusalem the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives was desecrated with thousands of tombstones smashed or removed. The Jewish Quarter of the Old City was trashed by the Jordanian Army. July 20, 1951: Jordan’s King Abdullah I assassinated in Jerusalem while at Friday prayers at al-Aqsa mosque, in preparation for further discussion with Israelis about an agreement between their two countries. August 1951: 23rd Zionist Congress convenes in Jerusalem, first meeting of the organization in Israel since founding in 1897. July 1953: Israel moves its Foreign Ministry to Jerusalem 1953: Jordanians passed legislation prohibiting Christian charitable and religious institutions from purchasing property for religious purposes; later the law was emended. 1958: Heychal Shlomo, the headquarters of the Rabbinate in Israel, is built in Jerusalem on the plot of land purchased by Chief Rabbi Yitzhak Herzog October 14, 1958: The corner stone is laid for the current Knesset (parliament) building in Jerusalem. Prior to the building’s completion, Israel’s Knesset convened in the Frumin House in Jerusalem (1950-1966). January 4, 1964: In the first Papal visit to Jerusalem and first time a pope is ever on an airplane, Pope Paul VI May 28, 1964: Palestinian National Council convenes in Jerusalem, ends its meetings, stating that its goal is the liberation of Palestine through armed struggle. May 11, 1966: Israel Museum established in Jerusalem May 15, 1967: “Jerusalem of Gold” song composed and sung, becomes iconic Israeli song. June 7, 1967: During the Six Day War between Israel and surrounding Arab states, where Israel took control over the Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and Golan Heights, it took control over all of Jerusalem. After the war, the Vatican abandoned its demand that Jerusalem be internationalized. Moshe Dayan, Israel’s Defense Minister immediately after the war, while claiming sovereignty over the Temple Mount, chose to allow defacto control of it to the Muslim officials ‘absent the breakdown of public order. Controversy exists among Jews about the the right for access, and the right to pray. An aerial photo of the Western Wall in Jerusalem from June 9, 1967. Photo: GPO Israel. June 19, 1967: “There must be adequate recognition of the special interest of the three great religions in the Holy Places of Jerusalem,” Remarks by President Lyndon Johnson, https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v19/d344 June 28, 1967: The Israeli parliament officially extends Israel’s municipal borders and sovereignty over all of Jerusalem; annexing 70 square kilometers to Israel, and amending its 1950 law which proclaimed Jerusalem as Israel’s capital. June 28, 1967: [US Department of State] “The hasty administrative action taken [by Israel] today cannot be regarded as determining the future of the Holy Places or the status of Jerusalem in relation to them.” https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v19/d344 1967: Temple Mount Faithful movement based in Jerusalem made up of Orthodox Jews seek to (re)build the Third Temple. Their efforts greatly antagonize Muslims in Jerusalem. October 17, 1967: National Security Council Middle East adviser, “Anyone who fully appreciates Israel’s position knows how hard–maybe impossible–it will be to force Israel back to 4 June lines, especially in Jerusalem.” Memorandum from Harold H. Saunders, National Security Council Staff to the President’s Special Assistant, Eugene Rostow: Defining the US Position on ‘territorial integrity’ and borders in the Middle East after June 1967 War August 21, 1969: fire started in the al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem by an evangelical Christian, believing that its destruction would hasten the Second Coming of Jesus 1970: Egyptian Copts and Ethiopian Christians continue the multiple century long dispute about owernship and access to the Deir al-Sultan, a church near the Church of the Holy Sepulcher. On Easter night that year, the Ethiopians changed the locks on the monestary! December 4, 1973: “Liberation of the Arab city of Jerusalem, and rejection of any situation which may be harmful to complete Arab sovereignty over the Holy City.” Arab League Summit Conference Secret Resolutions. December 22, 1973: Egyptian Foreign Minister Ismail Fahmi, “A peace agreement must include these elements, among others: withdrawals, recognized frontiers, security arrangements, guarantees, a settlement of the legitimate interests of the Palestinians, and a recognition that Jerusalem contains places considered holy by three great religions.” Ismail Fahmi, Egyptian Foreign Minister, Opening Statements at the Geneva Middle East Peace Conference on the Middle East December 22, 1973: Jordanian Foreign Minister Zayd al-Rifai, “Arab Jerusalem is an inseparable part of the Arab-occupied territory; therefore, Israel is to relinquish its authority over it. Arab sovereignty must be restored in the Arab sector of the city. The Holy Places of all the three divine religions must be preserved, protected, and respected, and free access for the followers of these three religions must be secured and maintained.” Zayd al-Rifai, Jordanian Foreign Minister, Opening Statements at the Geneva Middle East Peace Conference on the Middle East June 16, 1974: Richard Nixon becomes first US president to visit Israel and Jerusalem July 19, 1977: “…Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin to President Jimmy Carter, “In Israel there is an almost total national consensus that the city [Jerusalem] shall forever remain in the undivided and eternal capital of the Jewish people. Yet we are not asking the Arabs to accept this position in advance as our condition for going to Geneva [Middle East Peace Conference.” Menachem Begin, First Meeting of Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and U.S. President Jimmy Carter November 20, 1977: Egyptian President Anwar Sadat in first visit of Arab leader to Israel, addresses the Israeli parliament, “In short then, when we ask what is peace for Israel, the answer would be that Israel lives Within her borders, among her Arab neighbors in safety and security, within the framework of all the guarantees she accepts and which are offered to her. But, how can this be achieved? How can we reach this conclusion which would lead us to permanent peace based on justice? There are facts that should be faced with courage and clarity. There are Arab territories which Israel has occupied and still occupies by force. We insist on complete withdrawal from these territories, including Arab Jerusalem.” Speech by Egyptian President Sadat to the Knesset. https://israeled.org/resources/documents/egyptian-president-anwar-sadat-to-the-israeli-knesset/ 1978-79: Sadat wanted the US to pressure Israel to explicitly state that Jerusalem be part of the negotiated areas under discussion surrounding the Egyptian-Israel peace process; Begin would have none of it. Jerusalem did not become an agenda item for any future negotiations. September 17, 1978: “[President Carter to President Sadat] Dear Mr. President: I have received your letter of September 17, 1978, setting forth the Egyptian position on Jerusalem. I am transmitting a copy of that letter to Prime Minister Menachem Begin for his information. The position of the United States on Jerusalem remains the same as stated by Ambassador Goldberg in the United Nations General Assembly on July 14, 1967, and subsequently by Ambassador Yost in the United Nations Security Council on July 1, 1969. Sincerely, Jimmy Carter,” “[PM Begin to president Carter] Dear Mr. President Jimmy Carter, Thank you for letter of September 17, 1978. I have the honor to inform you, Mr. President, that on June 28, 1967 – Israel’s Parliament (The Knesset) promulgated and adopted a law to the effect: “The Government is empowered by a decree to apply the law, the jurisdiction and administration of the State to any part of Eretz Israel (Land of Israel – Palestine), as stated in that decree.” On the basis of this law, the Government of Israel decreed in July 1967 that Jerusalem is one city indivisible, the true Capital of the State of Israel. Sincerely, Menachem Begin” An exchange of letters – Jimmy Carter, Anwar Sadat, Menachem Begin March 10-13, 1979: President Jimmy Carter goes to Israel to seek conclusion of Egyptian-Israeli Treaty negotiations and sees Israeli political leaders in Jerusalem before returning to Cairo. March 22, 1979 “Calls once more upon Israel, as the occupying Power, to abide scrupulously by the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention, to rescind its previous measures and to desist from taking any action which would result in changing the legal status and geographical nature and materially affecting the demographic composition of the Arab territories occupied since 1967, including Jerusalem, and, in particular, not to transfer parts of its own civilian population into the occupied Arab territories..” UNSC Resolution 446 US abstains, one week before signing of Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty. March 31, 1979: “It [Egypt] has thus deviated from the Arab ranks and has chosen, in collusion with the United States, to stand by the side of the Zionist enemy in one trench; has behaved unilaterally in the Arab-Zionist struggle affairs; has violated the Arab nation’s rights; has exposed the nation’s destiny, its struggle and aims to dangers and challenges; has relinquished its pan-Arab duty of liberating the occupied Arab territories, particularly Jerusalem, and of restoring the Palestinian Arab people’s inalienable national rights, including their right to repatriation, self-determination and establishment of the independent Palestinian State on their national soil.” Beirut Arab League Council Resolution on Egypt’s Deviations from Arab Ranks July 30, 1980: Israeli parliament passes its Fifth Basic Law, this one on Jerusalem. It states “Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel; it is the seat of the President of the State, the Knesset, the Government and the Supreme Court. The Holy Places shall be protected from desecration and any other violation and from anything likely to violate the freedom of access of the members of the different religions to the places sacred to them or their feelings towards those places. Israel Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel, https://israeled.org/israels-basic-laws/ August 20, 1980: In response to Israel’s Basic Law on Jerusalem, the UN in Security Council Resolution 478 “condemns Israel’s Basic Law and censures Israeli actions, calls Israel an occupying power of Jerusalem, vote was 14-0 with US abstention,” and it says that “Those States that have established diplomatic missions at Jerusalem to withdraw such missions from the Holy City,” and “Determines that all legislative and administrative measures and actions taken by Israel, the occupying Power, which have altered or purport to alter the character and status of the Holy City of Jerusalem, and in particular the recent “basic law” on Jerusalem, are null and void and must be rescinded forthwith.” UN Security Council Resolution 478, which is the last of five UN Security Council Resolutions passed during the Carter administration where it abstained, rather than oppose text of resolutions calling for Israel to cease construction of all settlements in the “Arab occupied territories since 1967, including Jerusalem.” https://israeled.org/resources/documents/un-security-council-resolution-478/ 1980: The International Christian Embassy in Jerusalem is founded by evangelical Christians in support of the Israeli government’s Jerusalem Law August 6, 1981: Offer by Saudi King Fahd, “Israeli withdrawal from all the Arab territories occupied in 1967, including Arab Jerusalem… Establishing an independent Palestinian state with Jerusalem as its capital…” (Principles #2 and #6) The Fahd Plan for an Arab-Israeli Settlement September 1, 1982: “When the border is negotiated between Jordan and Israel, our view on the extent to which Israel should be asked to give up territory will be heavily affected by the extent of true peace and normalization and the security arrangements offered in return. Finally, we remain convinced that Jerusalem must remain undivided, but its final status should be decided through negotiations.” Reagan Statement on the West Bank and the Palestinians, https://israeled.org/reagan-statement-west-bank-palestinians/#prettyPhoto February 11, 1985: “The Government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the Palestinian Liberation Organization have agreed to move together toward the achievement of a peaceful and just settlement of the Middle East crisis and the termination of Israeli occupation of the occupied Arab territories, including Jerusalem…” PLO Accord with Jordan (Yasir Arafat, PLO and King Hussein, Jordan) January 5, 1988: “Jerusalem will be internationally recognized as Israel’s capital under any future peace agreements. But Jerusalem is the center of Palestinian aspirations as well. Therefore, a peaceful Jerusalem should remain a unified city, with guaranteed freedom of worship and access, and political arrangements should be found that reflect the nature of the city’s population.” Toward Arab-Israeli Peace: Report of a Study Group, the Brookings Institute July 31, 1988: “Of late, it has become clear that there is a general Palestinian and Arab orientation which believes in the need to highlight the Palestinian identity in full, in all efforts and activities that are related to the Palestine question and its developments. It has also become obvious that there is a general conviction that maintaining the legal and administrative relationship with the West Bank, and the consequent special Jordanian treatment of the brother Palestinians living under occupation through Jordanian institutions in the occupied territories, goes against this orientation. It would be an obstacle to the Palestinian struggle which seeks to win international support for the Palestine question, considering that it is a just national issue of a people struggling against foreign occupation.” [Jordan’s King Hussein withdraws his country’s legal and administrative ties over the West Bank, except for Jordanian administrative and financial support over the Moslem and Christian Holy Sites in Jerusalem] Speech by Jordanian King Hussein on Jordan’s Separation from West Bank August 18, 1988: “The Arab countries surrounding Israel are requested to open their borders for the Mujahidin of the Arab and Islamic countries so they can take their role and join their efforts with their Muslim brothers of Palestine. As for the other Arabic and Islamic countries, they are asked to ease the movement of Mujahidin from it and to it — that is the least they could do. We shouldn’t lose this opportunity to remind every Muslim that when the Jews occupied immaculate Jerusalem in 1967, they stood on the stairs of the blessed Masjid al-Aqsa loudly chanting: Muhammad has died and left girls behind.” Hamas Charter, Islamic Resistance Movement of Palestine November 15, 1988: “…the PNC declares in the name of God and in the name of the Palestinian Arab people the establishment [qiyam] of the State of Palestine over our Palestinian soil — over our Palestinian soil — and its capital holy Jerusalem… the PNC declares in the name of God and in the name of the Palestinian Arab people, the emergence of the State of Palestine over our Palestinian soil and its capital holy Jerusalem. The State of Palestine belongs to Palestinians wherever they may be…” Speech by PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat to the Palestine National Council Declaring a State October 15, 1989: “O masses of our great people, masses of our heroic Arab nation: The continuation of the blessed intifadah and its firmness on the soil of the homeland; the management of the political battle in accordance with the right policy adopted by the PLO leadership on the basis of the PNC resolutions on Algiers; and the Palestinian peace initiative produced by this policy and unleashed by brother President Yasser Arafat in his speech before the United Nations in Geneva opened the way for the group of achievements that were scored. They also led to the growth of national victories toward realizing our peoples’ aims of return, self-determination and the establishment of our independent state, with holy Jerusalem as its capital, on our sacred soil.” Statement by the PLO’s Central Council March 3, 1990: “My position is that the foreign policy of the United States says we do not believe there should be new settlements in the West Bank or in East Jerusalem. And I will conduct that policy as if it’s firm, which it is, and I will be shaped in whatever decisions we make to see whether people can comply with that policy. And that’s our strongly held view, and we think it’s constructive to peace-the peace process, too-if Israel will follow that view. And so, there’s divisions in Israel on this question, incidentally. Parties are divided on it. But this is the position of the United States and I’m not going to change that position.” Statement by U.S. President Bush on Jewish Settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem January 25, 1991: “Nothing the Palestinians do in selecting the members of this delegation at this stage will affect their demands on East Jerusalem or constitute a precedent or a prejudgment of the results of the negotiations…. The U.S. position is that Jerusalem should never again be a divided city. Its final status should be determined during the negotiations.” U.S. Memorandum of Understanding to Palestinians March 12, 1991: “Israel should not be allowed to continue to block and foil the UN resolutions on the Palestinians, particularly with regard to the annexation of East Jerusalem, the establishment of settlements, and the expropriation of land and resources. It is vital that the fourth Geneva Convention be applied.” The Eleven-Point Manifesto for Negotiating Outcome and Application of Relevant UN Palestinian Resolutions, Submitted by Palestinians September 16, 1991: “The United States reaffirms its position that Israel has the right to secure and defensible borders (being aware that the armistice lines of 5 June 1967 are neither secure nor defensible). The borders must be discussed directly with the neighboring states….The United States opposes the idea of a Palestinian state between Israel and Jordan…. Jerusalem will never be re-divided. The United States notes the Israeli position that united Jerusalem is the eternal capital of Israel.” U.S. Memorandum of Agreement to Israel on the Peace Process, https://israeled.org/resources/documents/u-s-memorandum-agreement-israel-peace-process/ October 18, 1991: “The United States understands how much importance Palestinians attach to the question of East Jerusalem. Thus, we want to assure you that nothing Palestinians do in choosing their delegation members in this phase of the process will affect their claim to East Jerusalem, or be prejudicial or precedential to the outcome of negotiations. It remains the firm position of the United States that Jerusalem must never again be a divided city and that its final status should be decided by negotiations. Thus, we do not recognize Israel’s annexation of East Jerusalem or the extension of its municipal boundaries, and we encourage all sides to avoid unilateral acts that would exacerbate local tensions, or make negotiations more difficult or preempt their final outcome. It is also the United States position that a Palestinian resident in Jordan with ties to a prominent Jerusalem family would be eligible to join the Jordanian side of the delegation.” U.S. Assurances to the Palestinian Delegation to the Madrid Conference 1992: Following 44 years of the Israeli Supreme Court being housed in a temporary, rented building in Jerusalem, the permanent building is completed in the Givat Ram neighborhood. It situated between the Knesset and Ministry of Foreign Affairs buildings. (L-R) PM Rabin, Preisdent Bill Clinton, and Chairman of the PLO Arafat pictured on September 13, 1993 in Washington. Photo: US Office of the Historian. September 13, 1993: “It is understood that these negotiations shall cover remaining issues, including: Jerusalem, refugees, settlements, security arrangements, borders, relations and cooperation with other neighbors, and other issues of common interest… Palestinians of Jerusalem who live there will have the right to participate in the election process, according to an agreement between the two sides….Jurisdiction of the Council will cover the West Bank and Gaza Strip territory, except for issues that will be negotiated in the permanent status negotiations: Jerusalem, settlements, military locations and Israelis.” Oslo Accords [Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements] https://israeled.org/resources/documents/oslo-accords-declaration-principles-interim-self-government-agreements/ December 1993: Israel and the Vatican sign an accord that leads to mutual recognition and the exchange of ambassadors. The accord notes that “the State of Isralel affirms its continuing commitment to maintain and respect the ‘status quo’ in the Christian holy places…” The Vatican recognizes the PLO in October 1994. May 10, 1994: “…My brothers, it must be understood that after the Gulf war the main conspiracy was to completely eliminate the Palestinian problem from the international agenda. … Our community in Kuwait, which was one of the largest and richest, was kicked out of Kuwait. Not only that, but later we were presented with the Bush initiative on the Madrid Conference. And, it was not easy to agree to go to Madrid conference, because of its very difficult conditions….The jihad will continue. Jerusalem is not only of the Palestinian people, but of the entire Islamic nation. You are responsible for Palestine and for Jerusalem…. After this agreement you must understand that our main battle is not to get the maximum out of them here and there. The main battle is over Jerusalem, the third most sacred site of the Muslims. Everybody must understand it. Therefore, I insisted before signing (on the Gaza and Jericho agreement in Cairo) to get a letter from the Israelis that Jerusalem is one of the items for discussion in the negotiations. We are not talking about (a discussion of) Israel’s permanent status. No. We are talking about the permanent status of Palestine. It is very important that everybody understand it.” Yasser Arafat Speech on “Jihad” for Jerusalem October 26, 1994: “…in accordance with the Washington Declaration, Israel respects the present special role for the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in Muslim Holy Shrines in Jerusalem. When negotiations on the permanent status will take place, Israel will give high priority to the Jordanian historic role in these shrines.” Israeli-Jordanian Peace Treaty, https://israeled.org/resources/documents/israeli-jordanian-treaty-excerpts/ November 1994: Twelve Christian church denominations sign a memorandum, “The Significance of Jerusalem for Christians, calling for the maintenance of the ‘status quo’ in Jerusalem. January 1995: The Islamic Conference’s Jerusalem Committee opposes Jordan’s role in maintaining the Muslim Holy Sites in Jerusalem, supporting to transfer power over the holy places to the Palestinian Authority, continuing the angry jockeying for influence over Jerusalem between Jordan and the Palestinians, which began well before Israel was established. September 18, 1995: “We still carry on our shoulders many other tasks, such as moving toward the permanent status negotiations as soon as possible. The permanent status negotiations will deal with such issues as settlements, the delineation of the borders, the rights of Palestinian refugees as determined by international legitimacy, and the fundamental issue concerning the status of Jerusalem, which our people irrespective of their faith — Muslims, Christians, or Jews — consider to be the heart and soul of their entity and the center of their cultural, spiritual, and economic life. Here, I must note that the sanctity of Jerusalem for us all dictates that we make it the joint cornerstone and the capital of peace between the Palestinian and Israeli peoples inasmuch as it is a beacon for believers all over the world.” Taba Agreement: Speeches by Arab and Israeli Leaders at the Washington Signing Ceremony (Remarks by Yasser Arafat) October 1995: Jerusalem Embassy Act passed by Congress with an overwhelming 93-5 majority in the Senate and 374-37 in the House, calling on the embassy to move to Jerusalem unless the president uses a waiver for national security reasons. July 10, 1996: “Since 1967, under Israeli sovereignty, united Jerusalem has, for the first time in two thousand years, become the city of peace. For the first time, the holy places have been open to worshippers from all three great faiths. For the first time, no group in the city or among its pilgrims has been persecuted or denied free expression. For the first time, a single sovereign authority has afforded security and protection to members of every nationality who sought to come to pray there. There have been efforts to re-divide this city by those who claim that peace can come through division — that it can be secured through multiple sovereignties, multiple laws and multiple police forces. This is a groundless and dangerous assumption, which impels me to declare today: There will never be such a re-division of Jerusalem. Never.” Speech by Prime Minister Netanyahu to a Joint Session of the United States Congress March 21, 2000: In the second Papal visit to Jerusalem ever, Pope John Paul II visits Jewish, Christian and Muslim holy sites; meets with Israeli politicians and chief Rabbis; and blessed the state of Israel. While visiting the Yad Vashem Holocaust museum in Jerusalem, he stated ”As bishop of Rome and successor of the Apostle Peter, I assure the Jewish people that the Catholic Church, motivated by the Gospel law of truth and love, and by no political considerations, is deeply saddened by the hatred, acts of persecution and displays of anti-Semitism directed against the Jews by Christians at any time and in any place.” July 11-25, 2000: As part of the “Camp David II Summit,” the Israeli delegation offered to divide Jerusalem into Jewish and Arab Areas. Under their proposal, Israel would maintain control over the settlement blocks of Kedar, Ma’aleh Adumim, Givat Ze’ev, and Gilo. The PA would then gain control of the Arab neighborhoods of Shuafat, Kafr Aqab, Issawiya, Wadi Joz, A-Tur, Abu Tor, Beit Safafa, and Sur baher. The Old would be divided between the PA and Israel. Arafat turned the deal down, causing negotiations to halt. September 28, 2000: Likud Party leader Ariel Sharon visits the al-Aqsa area and is met by Palestinian protestors, sparking a sporadic Palestinian violence for five years known as the second intifadah. Subsequent research shows PLO leader Yasir Arafat instigated the violence against Israel to coincide with Sharon’s visit. November 2002: Construction of a new, 225,000-square-foot Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) building is completed. The MFA originally moves to Jerusalem in 1953. December 23, 2000: “The general principle is that Arab areas [of Jerusalem] are Palestinian and Jewish ones are Israeli. This would apply to the Old City as well. I urge the two sides to work on maps to create maximum contiguity for both sides. Regarding the Haram\Temple Mount, I believe that the gaps are not related to practical administration but to symbolic issues of sovereignty and to finding a way to accord respect to the religious beliefs of both sides.” Clinton Parameters for Negotiating Peace, https://israeled.org/clinton-parameters-negotiating-peace/ March 19, 2001: “I bring you greetings from Jerusalem, the eternal capital of the Jewish people for the past 3000 years, and of the State of Israel for the past 52 years and forever. Jerusalem belongs to all the Jewish people – we in Israel are only custodians of the city. Only under the sovereignty of Israel has Jerusalem been open to all faiths. Jerusalem and the Temple Mount, the holiest site to the Jewish people, is something you should stand up and speak out about. Jerusalem will remain united under the sovereignty of Israel – forever.” Prime Minister Ariel Sharon’s address to the AIPAC Policy Conference March 28, 2002: “…Having listened to the statement made by his royal highness Prince Abdullah Bin Abdullaziz, the crown prince of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in which his highness presented his initiative, calling for full Israeli withdrawal from all the Arab territories occupied since June 1967, in implementation of Security Council Resolutions 242 and 338, reaffirmed by the Madrid Conference of 1991 and the land for peace principle, and Israel’s acceptance of an independent Palestinian state, with East Jerusalem as its capital, in return for the establishment of normal relations in the context of a comprehensive peace with Israel…” Resolution of the 2002 Arab league Summit in Beirut, Known as the “Arab Peace Initiative, https://israeled.org/resources/documents/2002-arab-peace-initiative/ April 30, 2003: “Parties reach final and comprehensive permanent status agreement that ends the Israel-Palestinian conflict in 2005, through a settlement negotiated between the parties based on UNSCR 242, 338, and 1397, that ends the occupation that began in 1967, and includes an agreed, just, fair, and realistic solution to the refugee issue, and a negotiated resolution on the status of Jerusalem that takes into account the political and religious concerns of both sides, and protects the religious interests of Jews, Christians, and Muslims worldwide, and fulfills the vision of two states, Israel and sovereign, independent, democratic and viable Palestine, living side-by-side in peace and security.” A Roadmap for a Permanent Two-State Solution to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Presented by the Quartet, European Union, United Nations, Russia, and the United States, https://israeled.org/resources/documents/roadmap-permanent-two-state-solution-israeli-palestinian-conflict/ February 8, 2006: “We differ on several issues. And this may include settlement, the release of prisoners, the wall closing, and institutions in Jerusalem. We will not be able to solve all of these issues today, but our positions towards these issues are clear and firm.” Palestinian Authority President Abbas in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt as Part of Joint Statement with Israeli PM Sharon June 4, 2008: “Let me be clear. Israel’s security is sacrosanct. It is non-negotiable. The Palestinians need a state that is contiguous and cohesive, and that allows them to prosper — but any agreement with the Palestinian people must preserve Israel’s identity as a Jewish state, with secure, recognized and defensible borders. Jerusalem will remain the capital of Israel, and it must remain undivided.” Speech by Senator Barack Obama at the AIPAC Policy Conference May 11, 2009: In a Papal visit hailed by Israel’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs as “an important stage in the development of the relationship between the Vatican and Israel, strengthening the dialogue between Christianity, Judaism and Islam, as part of the effort to achieve peace in the region,” Pope Benedict XVI meets with Israeli and Palestinian leaders, likewise visiting Jewish, Christian, and Muslim holy sites, including those in Jerusalem. June 14, 2009: “Regarding the remaining important issues that will be discussed as part of the final settlement, my positions are known: Israel needs defensible borders, and Jerusalem must remain the united capital of Israel with continued religious freedom for all faiths.” Speech by Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu at Bar-Ilan University, https://israeled.org/resources/documents/pm-benjamin-netanyahu-bar-ilan-university/ March 19, 2010: “Recalling that the annexation of East Jerusalem is not recognized by the international community, the Quartet underscores that the status of Jerusalem is a permanent status issue that must be resolved through negotiations between the parties and condemns the decision by the Government of Israel to advance planning for new housing units in East Jerusalem… The Quartet recognizes that Jerusalem is a deeply important issue for Israelis and Palestinians, and for Jews, Muslims, and Christians, and believes that through good faith and negotiations, the parties can mutually agree on an outcome that realizes the aspirations of both parties for Jerusalem, and safeguards this status for people around the world.” Remarks by Quartet Representatives, UN Secretary Ban Ki-moon, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, and U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Moscow, Russia March 22, 2010, “And the United States recognizes that Jerusalem – Jerusalem is a deeply, profoundly important issue for Israelis and Palestinians, for Jews, Muslims, and Christians. We believe that through good-faith negotiations the parties can mutually agree on an outcome that realizes the aspirations of both parties for Jerusalem and safeguards its status for people around the world.” Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, AIPAC Policy Conference. May 24, 2014: Marking the 50th anniversary of the first Papal visit to Jerusalem, Pope Francis travels to the holy city as well as other locations, where he meets with Israeli, Jordanian and Palestinians leaders. Throughout his trip, the Pope made numerous pleas for peace in the region. December 17, 2014 “Reiterates its strong support for the two-state solution on the basis of the 1967 borders, with Jerusalem as the capital of both states, with the secure State of Israel and an independent, democratic, contiguous and viable Palestinian State living side by side in peace and security on the basis of the right of self-determination and full respect of international law:…” European Parliament Calls for Recognition of Palestinian Statehood in Context with two States Living Side by Side, https://israeled.org/resources/documents/european-parliament-calls-for-recognition-of-palestinian-statehood-in-context-with-two-states-living-side-by-side/ March 21, 2016: “But when the United States stands with Israel, the chances of peace really rise and rises exponentially. That’s what will happen when Donald Trump is president of the United States. We will move the American embassy to the eternal capital of the Jewish people, Jerusalem. And we will send a clear signal that there is no daylight between America and our most reliable ally, the State of Israel.” Donald Trump at AIPAC Policy Conference, March 21, 2016. December 23, 2016: UNSC Resolution “Reaffirms that the establishment by Israel of settlements in the Palestinian territory occupied since 1967, including East Jerusalem, has no legal validity and constitutes a flagrant violation under international law and a major obstacle to the achievement of the two-State solution and a just, lasting and comprehensive peace; Reiterates its demand that Israel immediately and completely cease all settlement activities in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem, and that it fully respect all of its legal obligations in this regard; Underlines that it will not recognize any changes to the 4 June 1967 lines, including with regard to Jerusalem, other than those agreed by the parties through negotiations…” UN Security Council Resolution 2334 [The resolution was passed in a 14–0 vote by members of the U.N.], https://israeled.org/resources/documents/text-egyptian-drafted-unsc-resolution-2334-israeli-settlements/ March 26, 2017: “And know this, after decades of simply talking about it, the president of the United States is giving serious consideration to moving the American embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem.” Vice President Mike Pence, AIPAC Policy Conference. December 6, 2017: “…I have determined that it is time to officially recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. While previous presidents have made this a major campaign promise, they failed to deliver. Today, I am delivering. I’ve judged this course of action to be in the best interests of the United States of America and the pursuit of peace between Israel and the Palestinians. This is a long overdue step to advance the peace process. And to work towards a lasting agreement. Israel is a sovereign nation with the right, like every other sovereign nation, to determine its own capital. Acknowledging this is a fact is a necessary condition for achieving peace…. Jerusalem is today, and must remain, a place where Jews pray at the Western Wall, where Christians walk the Stations of the Cross, and where Muslims worship at Al-Aqsa Mosque. … This decision is not intended, in any way, to reflect a departure from our strong commitment to facilitate a lasting peace agreement. We want an agreement that is a great deal for the Israelis and a great deal for the Palestinians. We are not taking a position of any final status issues, including the specific boundaries of the Israeli sovereignty in Jerusalem, or the resolution of contested borders. Those questions are up to the parties involved.” President Trump’s Speech Recognizing Jerusalem as the Capital of Israel, https://israeled.org/resources/documents/president-trumps-speech-recognizing-jerusalem-capital-israel/ December 21, 2017 “Affirms that any decisions and actions which purport to have altered, the character, status or demographic composition of the Holy City of Jerusalem have no legal effect, are null and void and must be rescinded in compliance with relevant resolutions of the Security Council, and in this regard, calls upon all States to refrain from the establishment of diplomatic missions in the Holy City of Jerusalem, pursuant to resolution 478 (1980) of the Security Council..” UN General Assembly Status of Jerusalem Resolution GA/11995 (128 in favor, 9 against, and 35 abstensions), https://www.timesofisrael.com/full-text-of-un-resolution-rejecting-jerusalem-recognition/ Journalist Ron Ben-Yishai Born in Jerusalem Jaffa-Jerusalem Railway Line Debuts On Demography and Economic Development in Jerusalem Israel Passes Basic Law on Jerusalem INSS, "Strategic Survey for Israel 2019-2020," an introduction and 8 contributions about domestic, regional and int… twitter.com/i/web/status/12208… Cronología de Jerusalén, israeled.org/spanish-materials… and Jerusalem Timeline, israeled.org/jerusalem-timelin… Jerusalem’s pol… twitter.com/i/web/status/12198…

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No minister, creative arts are not a "lifestyle choice" Moves to de-fund creative arts training misunderstand its role in encouraging innovation and giving students transferable skills, writes Jo Caust. Hanging by a thread: funding for creative arts including circus, dance, photography and more, is under threat. Photo: AAP/Julian Smith Monday October 24, 2016 Comments The past two years have not been happy ones for the arts sector in Australia. It all began in early 2014 with federal ministers Brandis and Turnbull telling artists at the Sydney Biennale that they were ungrateful and selfish to protest about the role of Transfield in Nauru. It then emerged that the Federal Minister for the Arts, George Brandis, believed he could do everything better in arts funding than the existing structures. He began his campaign by taking away a large portion of literature funding from the Australia Council in December 2014. He then “trumped” this move by taking a third of the council’s ongoing arts funding in May 2015 to set up his own ministerial fund for the arts naming it the National Program for Excellence in the Arts. Brandis’s concept of “excellence” though was tainted by a limited and élitist perspective of what constitutes the arts and by demonstrating overt favouritism and protectionism towards large arts organisations. The arts sector protested and a Senate inquiry was instituted. More than 3000 submissions were received by the Inquiry. The Coalition Government did not participate in the process and appeared to be ignoring the furore in the arts sector. However, with a new Prime Minister in place in late 2015, it was not long before a new Minster for the Arts emerged, Mitch Fifield. In November 2015, Fifield announced he would give back a portion of the money taken from the Australia Council. However, he kept the rest and changed the name from Program of Excellence to Catalyst. Then there was an election in May 2016 and Minister Fifield’s Catalyst Fund played an interesting electoral role in allocating arts funding to some unusual recipients. Further, with its reduced funding, the Australia Council cancelled project funding rounds for small groups and individuals in 2015 and then cut funding to over 60 arts organisations across the country in May 2016. There have been recent rumours that more of the ministerial funds might be returned to the Australia Council but as yet there is no evidence of this. But sadly this is not the only action that will harm and continue to damage the arts sector. The Federal Government is now considering cutting funding to students who wish to undertake creative arts training. Education Minister Simon Birmingham has said he believes training in the creative arts is a ‘lifestyle’ choice and cannot lead to a satisfactory career or any economic outcome. He says, VET Student Loans will only support legitimate students to undertake worthwhile and value-for-money courses at quality training providers. As the government’s priorities are related to demonstrating economic outcomes, they say that their preference is for technology programs and agricultural science courses related to the STEM educational model. In this context creative arts training is perceived as irrelevant and Minister Birmingham intends to cut loan support for students to undertake this form of education and training. If this occurs, more than 50 arts training programs across the country will no longer be supported. These include programs in ceramics, photography, dance, acting, animation, all forms of design, circus, music, film, fashion and journalism. To describe creative arts training as a “lifestyle” choice in my view demonstrates a lack of knowledge of what is involved and what is produced. There seems to be no understanding or recognition that artists/arts workers are trained professionals who are highly skilled, knowledgeable and adept. They are also highly employable in many industry sectors – not just the arts. Australia talks constantly about supporting innovation and wanting to be seen as a “smart” country. Training people in the creative arts is a sure way of doing this. Confining education only to technology and the sciences does not create a nation that is necessarily clever or innovative. Arts training provides the capacity to problem solve, think outside the square, be divergent and come up with new and untried solutions. These are skills that are essential for innovation and change. The arts are a basic foundation of the culture of this country. Australia is presented internationally by its artists, by its films, by its literature – it is the soul of the country. If the arts training sectors are not funded by this Federal Government, there is a clear message that the government does not think that the arts matter in Australia and, ipso facto, Australian arts and culture does not matter to the world. Jo Caust is Associate Professor and Principal Fellow (Hon) at the University of Melbourne. creative arts training simon birmingham More Arts & Culture stories Adelaide Festival Adelaide Festival Suzie Keen Wednesday, January 29 Books & Poetry Books & Poetry Compiled by John Miles Wednesday, January 29 Stephen Orr Tuesday, January 28 Adelaide Fringe Adelaide Fringe Suzie Keen Tuesday, January 28

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Bullets Over Broadway Will Release Cast Album April 9th, 2014 | By Ryan McPhee Gee, baby, ain’t they good to us? Masterworks Broadway will release the original cast album of Bullets Over Broadway, the new musical based on the 1994 film written by Woody Allen and Douglas McGrath. Produced by Doug Besterman and engineered by Frank Fillipetti, the album will be available digitally June 3 and the CD from June 10. The show's cast includes Zach Braff, Marin Mazzie, Vincent Pastore, Betsy Wolfe, Brooks Ashmanskas, Lenny Wolpe, Helene Yorke, Nick Cordero and Karen Ziemba. Bullets Over Broadway tells the story of an aspiring playwright (Braff) in 1920s New York who is forced to cast a mobster’s (Pastore) talentless girlfriend (Yorke) in his new show in order to have it produced on Broadway. The tuner features existing hits from the 1920s, including “Let’s Misbehave,” “Tain’t Nobody’s Biz-ness If I Do” and “There’s a New Day Comin’!” The production has a new, adapted book by Allen and Susan Stroman directs and choreographs. The musical is set to officially open at the Great White Way's St. James Theatre on April 10.

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Home CIO Security demands attention in AI, 5G era; but cost still a concern... Security demands attention in AI, 5G era; but cost still a concern for CIOs As the adoption of 5G and artificial intelligence (AI) pick up among enterprises, more than 80 percent of cybersecurity and risk leaders in a new global survey say the technologies could make enterprises more vulnerable to security attacks. The survey conducted by Information Risk Management (IRM), a UK-based cybersecurity company of Altran, reveals that developments in 5G wireless technology will create cybersecurity challenges for majority of enterprises. The top three 5G-related concerns are greater risk of attacks on Internet of Things (IoT) networks, a wider attack surface and a lack of security by design in 5G hardware and firmware. Eighty-three percent of survey respondents said 5G developments will create cybersecurity challenges for their organizations, suggesting that the new technology will bring heightened risks. Further, the vulnerabilities in 5G appear to go beyond wireless, introducing risks around virtualized and cloud native infrastructure. With cybersecurity emerging as a priority in the evolving digital era, 86 percent of respondents expect AI to have an impact on their cybersecurity strategy over the next five years, as AI systems are integrated into core enterprise security functions. The survey has identified the top three AI applications that respondents would consider implementing as part of their cybersecurity strategy. They are network intrusion detection and prevention, fraud detection and secure user authentication. “AI in cybersecurity is a double-edged sword,” the report said. “It can provide many companies with the tools to detect fraudulent activity on bank accounts, for example, but it is inevitably a tool being used by cybercriminals to carry out even more sophisticated attacks.” Surprisingly, though majority (91 percent) of respondents said the increased cybersecurity awareness at the C-level has translated into their decision-making, most cybersecurity decisions are still based on cost – and not on the safest solutions to put in place, indicating a lack of understanding of the financial and reputational impact of cyber attacks. The survey found that 30 percent of respondents are unaware of the Networks & Information Systems Directive (NIS) Directive/Regulations, and of the 70 percent who are aware of the legislation, over a third have failed to implement the necessary changes. Mastercard to acquire RiskRecon for cybersecurity focus Cyber attack on Asian ports could cost $110 billion: Lloyd’s DoorDash faces cyberattack impacting 4.9 mn customers

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Tag: Giant’s Causeway Sketching Ireland #20 Made by Giants, A Flimsy Bridge and Harry Potter From the Dunluce Castle, we followed the coast on the Causeway Rd (A2) to the 9th leg of our itinerary tour in Northern Ireland. It was just a short jaunt but our vicarious (street-view) drive through scenic ocean coasts, wind swept grassy fields and sleepy fishing villages was more than satisfying. After we passed the touristy village of Bushmill, we arrived at our destination, a World Heritage Site. We had to park at the visitor centre and walked on an easy well paved trail that wound its way down a cliff. Visitors are then treated to about half a mile’s trek with panoramic scenes of the Atlantic crashing on rocks. We then came upon a small crowd of tourist carefully and gingerly walking out on a sliver of land that stuck out on the sea. They were walking on a causeway of an area of about 40,000 interlocking basalt columns, some of which had six to eight sides. My first thought was that the finger of land… that causeway… was mostly man-made and somewhat incomplete. As I looked out to the horizon, I could almost make out the English coast and wandered if a causeway could be constructed to bridge it. My thoughts was I really doubted it. So, who built the causeway? To my astonishment, the causeway was not made by any man, but the result of an ancient volcanic fissure eruption that pushed those stones up onto the surface. Do you know why it’s called the Giant’s Causeway? According to legend, the columns are the remains of a causeway built by a giant. The story goes that the Irish giant Fionn mac Cumhaill (Finn MacCool), from the Fenian Cycle of Gaelic mythology, was challenged to a fight by the Scottish giant Benandonner. Fionn accepted the challenge and built the causeway across the North Channel so that the two giants could meet. Not too far from the Giant’s Causeway is our next stop that is guaranteed to give you a fun and thrilling experience. We got back on the Causeway Rd until we turned left on Whitepark Rd. Four miles later, we came into Ballintoy, another tourist village with several bed & breakfast’s. From there, we drove Knocksoghey Ln then turn off onto Rope Bridge Ln. This narrow lane led us to a parking lot at the base of a cliff. Again, we had to walk on a trail that followed the edge of the ciffs until we came upon the tiny rock island of Carrick-a-Rede which means “rock of the casting” and a precarious rope bridge. Carrick-a-Rede has the most famous rope bridge on the Emerald Isle. The bridge was first erected by salmon fishermen in 1755. In the old days, they would go on the island to lay their nets to catch Atlantic salmon. The rope bridge was the only way for them to bring their catch to market. Today, the bridge is used by thousands of tourists, but not me! With my vertigo, I would not dare. Hahaha… For our third destination, we head in-land until we get to the Dark Hedges. The Dark Hedges is an avenue of beech trees along Bregagh Road between Armoy and Stranocum in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. The trees form an atmospheric tunnel that has been used as a location in HBO’s popular television series Game of Thrones, which has resulted in the avenue becoming a popular tourist attraction. In about 1775 James Stuart built a new house, named Gracehill House after his wife Grace Lynd. Over 150 beech trees were planted along the entrance road to the estate, to create an imposing approach. According to legend, the hedges are visited by a ghost called the Grey Lady, who travels the road and flits across it from tree to tree. She is claimed to be either the spirit of James Stuart’s daughter (named “Cross Peggy”) or one of the house’s maids who died mysteriously, or a spirit from an abandoned graveyard beneath the fields, who on Halloween is joined on her visitation by other spirits from the graveyard. [contents from internet site] When I started my sketch of this wooded avenue, I almost wanted to sketch in some of the characters of Game of Thrones. Because it looked so magical, I drew in the characters of Harry Potter instead. In my next post, we’re going to Belfast. If you like my work and want to support my writing and artwork, please donate into my PAYPAL account [click below] DONATE TO MY PAYPAL Author johannquisPosted on June 22, 2019 June 22, 2019 Categories art, Self story, travel, UncategorizedTags art, Carrick-a-Rede, Giant's Causeway, google earth, google map, Ireland, North Ireland, Photoshop, sketching, The Dark Hedges, travelLeave a comment on Sketching Ireland #20

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My Classic Car Monterey Car Week 2019 Build Life ClassicCars.Com The Collector Gallery Future Collector Car Show ClassicCars.com Journal Home Car Culture Museums Museums examine ‘Life Is a Highway’ and our automotive future Museums examine ‘Life Is a Highway’ and our automotive future Larry Edsall 'Stardust Motel' by American artist John Baeder is one of the works on display at the Toledo Art Museum | Museum photos The automobile’s role in American culture and visions of our automotive future are the subjects of significant exhibits at museums here and abroad. Swiss-born American photographer Robert Frank took this photo on Detroit’s Bell Isle in 1955 American photographer Edward Burtynsky captured the Oxford tire Pile #8 in 1999 Here, at the acclaimed Toledo Museum of Art, the subject of “Life Is a Highway: Art and American Car Culture,” is the theme of an exhibit that features more than 100 works of art — paintings, sculptures, photographs, etc. — that focus on car culture, especially in the Midwest. The art is focused on four themes — social, aesthetic, environmental and industrial dimensions with images that either celebrate or critique the car’s legacy. The exhibit opened June 15 and runs through September. But the exhibit also extends beyond the museum’s walls and onto the museum grounds with a car show featuring American classic vehicles on August 24 and another featuring customized cars on September 14 Meanwhile, the British Motor Museum at Gaydon, Warwickshire, England, has opened an exhibit, “The Car. The Future. Me” that runs until July 2020 that focuses not only on where the car has taken us, but how things are changing, and rapidly. The museum said that exhibit examines visions of the future by the automobile’s inventors and designers, examines current automotive technology and looks at how electric cars work and if such things as autonomous vehicles are the best solution for our future. Among the vehicles on display are the Triumph XL90, a concept car that looked toward Y2K, and the new Aurrigo PodZero autonomous vehicle. ‘Museum Fun Day!’ at the Lane With its collection of some of the strangest and rarest vehicles on the planet, the Lane Motor Museum in Nashville, Tennessee, is already one of the most-fun car museums in the world, but it plans a special “Fun Day!” for July 20 from 10 a.m. until 5 p.m. featuring vault access, transportation-themed children’s activities, a presentation by author Jason Torchinky on Robot, Take the Wheel: The Road to Autonomous Cars and the Lost Art of Driving, vehicle demonstrations and rides in museum vehicles. Cars being demonstrated are the 1952 Citroen Cogolin and 1932 Helicron (outdoors at noon) and the 1978 SEAB Flipper, 2011 Yike bike and 1959 Citroen ID 19 (indoors at 3:45 p.m.) Rides will be offered in various vehicles at 10:30 a.m., 11 a.m., 12:30 p.m., 2:30 p.m. and 3 p.m. AACA Library receives Gerrard literature collection Ford upholstery sample case among items donated to AACA Museum | Museum photo The AACA Library & Research Center in Hershey, Pennsylvania, has received the William T. “Tom” Gerrard collection of automotive literature, including sales catalogs, brochures, color and fabric samples, shop manuals, wiring diagrams, filmstrips and more. RELATED: ACD gets first Duesenberg and establishes joint promotional effort with neighboring NATMUS “With the announcement that AACA will be opening a new and modern library in 2020, the timing seems perfect (for the gift),” Gerrard said in the library’s announcement. “I believe strongly in the library and its mission, and I hope that the materials will help other collectors and restorers for many years to come.” Not only are the objects part of the library’s collection, but they have been digitized for easier access. BMW Museum celebrates 90 years of automotive production | Museum photos Exhibit celebrates 90 years of BMW cars, 60 for Mini Minis on display “90 years of BMW automobiles” is the theme for a new exhibit at the BMW Museum in Germany and is based on the start of production of the BMW 3/15 PS in Eisenach and victory in the 1929 International Alpine Trial. “This marked the start of BMW’s success, a story that is still unfolding to this day,” the museum notes, adding that 90 years exhibit runs until October. Also opening at the museum is a special exhibit, “An icon turns 60: Mini,” a celebration of the Alec Issigonis’ creation in 1959 of the Mini. The exhibit runs until October 27. Special events this weekend The North East Motor Sports Museum in Loudon, New Hampshire, will honor NASCAR champion and New England native Joey Logano at a special event July 19. “Women Who Motor,” an exhibit that debuted at the Edsel and Eleanor For House, makes its debut July 19 at the Gilmore Car Museum in Hickory Corners, Michigan. The exhibit features women who have made an impact on the automobile as inventors, engineers, designers, racers and consumers. The Simeone Foundation Automotive Museum in Philadelphia will feature “Mini Matchup,” an exhibit of classic and contemporary Mini Coopers from July 20 through August 4. Muscle Car City in Punta Gorda, Florida, hosts its monthly car show July 20 from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. The Automotive Hall of Fame in Dearborn, Michigan, hosts a Cars & Coffee cruise-in July 20. BMX stunt team to perform at Harley-Davidson Museum | Divison BMX Stunt Team photo As part of its “Daredevils: A Century of Spine-Tingling Spectacles” exhibit, the Harley-Davidson Museum in Milwaukee will be the site of a performance by the Division BMX Stunt Team from 1 to 4 p.m. on July 20. LeMay – America’s Car Museum in Tacoma, Washington, hosts RADwood PNW (Pacific NorthWest) on July 20 to celebrate vehicles from the 1980s and ’90s. The event is being held in conjunction with the AVANTS car club of Seattle. From the 1960s into the 1990s, the Hale Farm & Village in Cleveland hosted a car show. On July 21, the tradition returns with a car show that will include vehicles from the Crawford Auto-Aviation Collection and those from private collections and other entrants parked among the farm and village’s historic buildings. RELATED: Petersen hosts 'Ford v Ferrari' car show and Shelby panel The Gilmore Car Museum in Hickory Corners, Michigan, hosts its annual Corvette Show & Swap Meet from 9 a.m. until 4 p.m. on July 21. The California Automobile Museum in Sacramento hosts a special Amphicar event on July 21 with owners of the aquatic vehicles offering rides on the Sacramento River. It’s the 31st annual Mopars at the Red Barns car show and swap meet, July 27 from 9 a.m. until 4 p.m. at the Gilmore Car Museum in Hickory Corners, Michigan. The Petersen Automotive Museum in Los Angeles will host a two-day Zora Duntov Tribute weekend July 27-28 with a Corvette rally, cruise-in and other events. The British Motor Museum hosts “the biggest rally of classic Fords in the UK” on July 21. More than 400 classic Ford vehicles, all between 50 and 100 years old, are expected for the 11th annual “Old Ford Rally,” which this year includes the Capri’s 50th anniversary and the Sunbeam Alpine’s 60th birthday celebrations. Stahls Automotive Museum in Chesterfield Township, Michigan, hosts its annual “Autos for Autism” fundraiser and cruise-in for the Ted Lindsay Foundation from 4 p.m. to 8 p.m. on July 25. Wayne Carini of Chasing Classic Cars and Detroit Red Wings player Dylan Larkin are scheduled to be special guests at the event. The AACA Museum in Hershey, Pennsylvania, hosts a special presentation by Larry Clark, “Tucker Talk — The Tucker Business Model: Why the Feds Went After Preston Tucker (and why they failed), from 1 p.m. to 2 p.m. on July 27. Starting at 5:45 p.m. on July 27 and running until 8 a.m. the following morning, youngsters ages 10-13 can spend the night at the BMW Museum in Germany. Among the activities scheduled will be moviemaking, with the young visitors shooting their own short films with the help of a stop-motion app, and then they’ll watch their flicks on a big screen while enjoying popcorn and beverages. The Britain’s National Motor Museum at Beaulieu celebrates the 50th anniversary of the Nissan GT-4 and the 30th birthday of the Mazda MX-5 at its Simply Japanese cars how on July 28. LeMay – America’s Car Museum in Tacoma, Washington, hosts “Cars & Cigars Miami Nights” on August 2. Autobooks-Aerobooks in Burbank, California, hosts George Levy, author with Pete Biro of F1 Mavericks: The men and Machines that Revolutionzied Formula 1 Racing from 10 a.m. until 2 p.m. on August 2. RELATED: Dale Earnhardt Jr. curates ‘Glory Road’ exhibit at NASCAR Hall of Fame On August 3, the British Motor Museum will be the site of the Classic Mini Mosaic world-record attempt that is expected to draw more than 600 classic Minis. The following day, the museum will be the site of the National Metro & Mini Show. Electric supercars will be featured August 3-4 when the National Motor Museum at Beaulieu hosts its Supercar Weekend. EV Evolution will be a new feature at the show, which also expects several hundred petroleum-powered exotic machines. The Gilmore Car Museum in Hickory Corners, Michigan, stages its annual Red Barns Spectacular car show on August 3. More than 1,200 vehicles are expected, including special displays by the Tin Can Tourists and of antique boats and bicycles, as well as 380 swap-meet vendors. August 9-11 is VW T Chill Weekend at the National Motor Museum in Beaulieu, England, where VW Transporter owners will be camping out in their vehicles. The weekend includes a cruise to Buckler’s Head and other family-oriented activities. As part of its Rally Car exhibit, the North East Motor Sports Museum in Loudon, New Hampshire, will host Tim O’Neil, rally champion and founder of the Team O’Neil Rally School, who will discuss the history of rallying, talk about how to become involved and will do a walk-around featuring a rally car. August 14 is the deadline to submit a pledge toward the effort by the Studebaker National Museum in South Bend, Indiana, to bid on the 1931 Hunt-Jenkins Special Indy racer that will be offered for sale at Gooding & Company’s Pebble Beach auction. Pledges can be submitted by email to PSiebonick@studebakermusegum.org. The AACA Museum in Hershey, Pennsylvania, stages its Cars 4 Critters show on August 17 from 8:30 a.m. until 10:30 a.m. featuring sports and exotic cars and raising money for Speranza Animal Rescue. The National Motor Museum at Beaulieu, England, hosts its inaugural “Simply Mercedes” on August 18. The British Motor Museum stages its sixth “Buses Festival” on August 18, with visitors exploring around 100 restored, vintage and modern buses, even riding on routes around the Gaydon area. The National Corvette Museum in Bowling Green, Kentucky, inducts racer Briggs Cunningham, Corvette designer Tom Peters, and Dollie Cole, Corvette enthusiast and widow of former GM president Ed Cole, into its hall of fame on August 30. “Legends of Speed,” a showcase of nearly two dozen historic racing cars, opens November 2 at the Phoenix Art Museum. Does your local car museum have special events or exhibitions planned? Let us know. Email larrye@classiccars.com. A former daily newspaper sports editor, Larry Edsall spent a dozen years as an editor at AutoWeek magazine before making the transition to writing for the Web and becoming the author of more than 15 books. In addition to being Editorial Director at ClassicCars.com, Larry has written for The New York Times, writes a weekly automotive feature for The Detroit News and is an adjunct honors professor at the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication at Arizona State University. Featured Listing: 1979 El Camino, priced to move Petersen Museum All-American Drive-in gathers many motorheads for mayhem in the morning Tastefully customized 1951 Ford coupe with all the right touches Branding iron: Harley opts for variety BMW made a V16-powered 750 iL named Goldfisch in 1987 The Journal is the go-to daily automotive news and information source for nearly half a million passionate classic vehicle enthusiasts. Recognized as one of America's most influential automotive blogs, The Journal is known for accurate reporting, insightful analysis and thought-provoking opinion by a team of respected automotive journalists. Our editorial team combs North America, providing coverage from major auctions, museums, car shows, races and everywhere automotive enthusiasts congregate. Contact us: info@classiccars.com © 2020 The Collector Car Network, Inc.. All rights reserved.

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May 2009 - Volume 113 - Issue 5 Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw at Obstetrics & Gynecology. Ovarian Conservation at the Time of Hysterectomy and Long-Term Health Outcomes in the Nurses’ Health Study Parker, William, H., MD1; Broder, Michael, S., MD, MPH2,3; Chang, Eunice, PhD3; Feskanich, Diane, ScD4; Farquhar, Cindy, MD5; Liu, Zhimae, PhD6; Shoupe, Donna, MD7; Berek, Jonathan, S., MD, MMS8; Hankinson, Susan, ScD4,9; Manson, JoAnn, E., MD, DrPH4,9,10 From the 1John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, California; 2UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; 3Partnership for Health Analytic Research, Los Angeles, California; 4Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 5School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; 6Cerner Health Insights, Beverly Hills, California; 7Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; 8Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; 9Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; and 10Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Funded by grants from Ethicon Women’s Health and Partnership for Health Analytic Research. The authors thank the women in The Nurses’ Health Study for their continuing contributions to the understanding of long-term health outcomes, and Dr. Shelley Tworoger and Dr. Bernard Rosner for providing their advice on the study design and statistical analyses without compensation. Corresponding author: Dr. William H. Parker, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John’s Health Center, 1450 10th Street, Santa Monica, CA 90401; e-mail: wparker@ucla.edu. Financial Disclosure Dr. Parker has been a consultant to Ethicon Women’s Health (Cincinnati, OH). Dr. Broder is president of Partnership for Health Analytic Research (Los Angeles, CA). Dr. Chang is an employee of Partnership for Health Analytic Research. Dr. Farquhar has received consulting fees from the World Health Organization (Geneva, Switzerland). Dr. Shoupe has received a research grant from the NIH National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (Gaithersburg, MD). Drs. Liu, Manson, Feskanich, Berek, and Manson did not report any potential conflicts of interest. Obstetrics & Gynecology: May 2009 - Volume 113 - Issue 5 - p 1027-1037 doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181a11c64 OBJECTIVE: To report long-term health outcomes and mortality after oophorectomy or ovarian conservation. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, observational study of 29,380 women participants of the Nurses’ Health Study who had a hysterectomy for benign disease; 16,345 (55.6%) had hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy, and 13,035 (44.4%) had hysterectomy with ovarian conservation. We evaluated incident events or death due to coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, total cancers, hip fracture, pulmonary embolus, and death from all causes. RESULTS: Over 24 years of follow-up, for women with hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy compared with ovarian conservation, the multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.21) for total mortality, 1.17 (95% CI 1.02–1.35) for fatal plus nonfatal CHD, and 1.14 (95% CI 0.98–1.33) for stroke. Although the risks of breast (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.68–0.84), ovarian (HR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.09, number needed to treat=220), and total cancers (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84–0.96) decreased after oophorectomy, lung cancer incidence (HR=1.26, 95% CI 1.02–1.56, number needed to harm=190), and total cancer mortality (HR=1.17, 95% CI 1.04–1.32) increased. For those never having used estrogen therapy, bilateral oophorectomy before age 50 years was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, CHD, and stroke. With an approximate 35-year life span after surgery, one additional death would be expected for every nine oophorectomies performed. CONCLUSION: Compared with ovarian conservation, bilateral oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease is associated with a decreased risk of breast and ovarian cancer but an increased risk of all-cause mortality, fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease, and lung cancer. In no analysis or age group was oophorectomy associated with increased survival. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Oophorectomy is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease, and lung cancer. Bilateral oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease is commonly practiced to prevent subsequent development of ovarian cancer.1 Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show that for women having a hysterectomy between ages 40 years and 44 years, 50% have concurrent oophorectomy, and between ages 45 years and 64 years, 78% have oophorectomy.2 In all, approximately 300,000 U.S. women have a prophylactic oophorectomy every year. Oophorectomy before menopause leads to an abrupt reduction in endogenous estrogen and androgen production.3 Postmenopausal ovaries continue to produce significant amounts of testosterone and androstenedione, which are converted to estrogen peripherally.4,5 Later age of menopause has been associated with a reduced risk of death from coronary heart disease and stroke, and studies show that preserving ovarian function is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease.6–9 Among U.S. women, ovarian cancer accounts for 14,700 deaths per year, whereas coronary heart disease accounts for 326,900 deaths, and stroke accounts for approximately 86,900 deaths each year.10 Ovarian conservation, therefore, might benefit overall survival in women not at high risk for ovarian cancer.11 The objective of this study was to report long-term health outcomes and mortality after ovarian conservation or oophorectomy. We used the database from the Nurses’ Health Study cohort, which included 122,700 married registered nurses who were aged 30–55 years in 1976 when the initial questionnaires were mailed. Race was self-reported and the cohort was 94% white, 2% African American, 1% Asian, 1% multiracial, and 2% other. The cohort was relatively homogeneous with regard to education, socioeconomic status, and access to health care.12 Additional questionnaires, updating risk factors and newly diagnosed health conditions, have been sent every 2 years, with response rates of approximately 90% for each cycle. In this cohort, a validation study found self-reported oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy to be very accurate when compared with medical records.13 Nurses’ Health Study participants with a previous hysterectomy entered study follow-up in 1980. Others entered when they reported having a hysterectomy on the 1982 through 2002 questionnaires. All eligible Nurses’ Health Study participants were initially included before application of exclusion criteria. Through 2002, 50,432 Nurses’ Health Study participants reported having a hysterectomy without a diagnosis of gynecologic cancer. Women were excluded from this study if they had unilateral or partial oophorectomy (n=4,817), unknown ovarian status at the time of hysterectomy (n=2,559), a prior history of an outcome of interest as described below (n=8,525) or an oophorectomy (n=465) before their hysterectomy, or an unknown age at hysterectomy (n=4,643). Women with missing information on past oral contraceptive use were excluded due to the small number in this category (n=43). The remaining 29,380 women were included in the analysis; 16,345 (55.6%) had a hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy, and 13,035 (44.4%) had hysterectomy with ovarian conservation. Submission of a completed self-administered questionnaire was deemed to imply informed consent. The institutional review boards at John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John’s Health Center in Los Angeles and Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston approved this study. We focused on incident events and death due to the following conditions: coronary heart disease (International Classification of Diseases, 8th Revision [ICD-8]: 410–414), stroke (ICD-8: 430–438), breast cancer (ICD-8: 174), epithelial ovarian cancer (ICD-8: 183), lung cancer (ICD-8:162), colorectal cancer, (ICD-8: 153, 154), hip fracture (ICD-9: 820.3), pulmonary embolus (ICD-8: 450), and death due to all causes. Hip fracture was confirmed by self-report alone; ovarian cancer was confirmed by medical record review, and all other events were confirmed either by medical record or by the participant in writing or by telephone interview.13 If a diagnosis could not be confirmed or rejected, the event was excluded and the follow-up period was censored thereafter. Cause of death was determined using death certificates, autopsy reports, and medical records. Mortality follow-up using the National Death Index and next of kin was more than 98% complete.14 Participant’s age in months and biennial questionnaire cycle were used as stratification variables in the Cox proportional hazards models. For each outcome analysis, we adjusted for related risk factors: age, age at hysterectomy, diabetes, high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia, family history of myocardial infarction before age 60, tubal ligation, family history of breast cancer, family history of ovarian cancer, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, use of estrogen therapy (ET), duration of oral contraceptive use, alcohol consumption, physical activity and acetylsalicylic acid use (Table 1). Alcohol consumption, physical activity, and use of acetylsalicylic acid were initially queried in 1980. All data were updated at biennial questionnaire cycles. Family history of ovarian cancer (mother or sister) was first asked in 1992 and, once reported, was not updated. For all variables, missing information was separately noted. Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population by Oophorectomy Status at Hysterectomy Women contributed person-time from the return of the 1980 questionnaire or the questionnaire on which they first reported having a hysterectomy until report of an outcome of interest, oophorectomy subsequent to hysterectomy, death, or end of follow-up on June 1, 2004. In analyses of incident events, women were censored only upon report of the event under analysis, therefore the numbers of person-years varied for each outcome. We calculated incidence rates by dividing the number of incident cases by the total number of person-years for simple hysterectomy or hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy. For multivariable analyses, we used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate relative risk (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Age and questionnaire cycle were stratifying variables in the analyses and were controlled for multiple potential confounders, as described in Table 1 and listed in the footnotes of each table. The study design stratified the cohort into three subcohorts based on age at hysterectomy: younger than 45 years, 45–54 years, and 55 years or older, and we conducted modeling separately for each. In a secondary analysis of oophorectomy status among those who never used estrogen therapy, women were stratified into two age groups (younger than 50 years and 50 years or older) to gain statistical power, and all analyses were repeated. All data transformations and statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.1. (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) All P values were based on two-tailed tests with significance of 0.05. Women with ovarian conservation and those with bilateral oophorectomy had similar baseline distributions of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and cancer, but the latter were slightly older and more likely to be current or past users of hormone therapy (Table 1). After adjustment for multiple relevant risk factors, we compared the two groups in relation to the incidence of fatal and nonfatal events during 24 years of follow-up (Table 2—cancer events, Table 3— noncancer events, Table 4—deaths). Oophorectomy was associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease; this increase was statistically significant for all women (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02–1.35) and for women having oophorectomy before age 45 years (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.04–1.54). Breast cancer was less frequent among all women having oophorectomy (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.68–0.84), and the risk was lower among women having oophorectomy before the age of 45 years (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.53–0.74). Oophorectomy was associated with a markedly reduced risk of ovarian cancer (HR 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.09), an increased risk of lung cancer (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.02–1.56), and a reduction in total cancers (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84–0.96). Risks of stroke, hip fracture, colorectal cancer, and pulmonary embolism did not differ significantly between groups. Risk of Incident Events (Cancers) by Oophorectomy Status at Time of Hysterectomy Risk of Incident Events (Noncancers) by Oophorectomy Status at Time of Hysterectomy Risk of Cause-Specific and All-Cause Death by Oophorectomy Status at Time of Hysterectomy Risk of Cause-Specific and All-Cause Death by Oophorectomy Status at Time of Hysterectomy (continued) We documented 3,197 deaths from any cause: 350 women (10.9%) died from coronary heart disease, 219 (6.9%) died from stroke, 230 (7.2%) died from breast cancer, 37 (1.2%) died from ovarian cancer, 336 (10.5%) died from lung cancer, 118 (3.7%) died from colorectal cancer, none died due to hip fracture, 12 (0.4%) died from pulmonary embolism, and 1,895 (59.3%) died from other causes. Among women having a simple hysterectomy, 1,242 died (527 per 100,000 person-years), and among women having a hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy, 1,955 died (648 per 100,000 person-years). In multivariable analysis, oophorectomy increased the risk of death from any cause (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.21). For every 24 women having bilateral oophorectomy, at least one women will die prematurely from any cause as a result of the oophorectomy. Analysis of cause-specific mortality found an increased risk of death from CHD (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.00–1.64), lung cancer (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.02–1.68), and all cancers (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04–1.32), a reduced risk of death from ovarian cancer (HR 0.06, 95% CI 0.02–0.21), and no overall difference in deaths from stroke, breast cancer, or colorectal cancer. For every 130 women having bilateral oophorectomy, one extra death from CHD will occur as a result of the oophorectomy. Analysis of death from pulmonary embolism was precluded by the small numbers of deaths. We performed an analysis of the 10,094 women who had either bilateral oophorectomy or ovarian conservation and had never used estrogen therapy (ET), stratified by age at hysterectomy younger than 50 years and 50 years or older (Table 5). Those who never used ET who had oophorectomy before age 50 years had a higher risk of incident coronary heart disease (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.18–3.32). Oophorectomy was associated with a significantly increased risk of stroke for all women (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.09–3.16) and for women aged younger than 50 years at the time of surgery (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.16–4.14). Oophorectomy was associated with an increased the risk of lung cancer (HR 2.09, 95% 1.01–4.33). The risk of all-cause death was significantly higher among women aged younger than 50 years at the time of surgery (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.01–1.96). The risks of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, total cancer, hip fracture, and pulmonary embolus were no different among women who had never used ET. Risk of Incident Events and All-Cause Death by Oophorectomy Status at Time of Hysterectomy Among Those Who Never Used Estrogen Therapy This large prospective study of women having a hysterectomy for benign disease indicates that concurrent bilateral oophorectomy, after adjustment for multiple independent risk factors, is associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality, primarily from coronary heart disease and lung cancer, when compared with ovarian conservation. Furthermore, prophylactic oophorectomy did not improve survival at any age. During 24 years of follow-up, among 13,305 women who had ovarian conservation, 34 (0.26%) died from ovarian cancer. We did not find increased risks for colorectal cancer, pulmonary embolus, or hip fracture in any analysis. Whereas breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and all cancers were less frequent, the overall risk of death from cancer was greater among women having oophorectomy. The basis for this paradox is unclear and warrants further study. In a secondary analysis of women who never used estrogen therapy, oophorectomy was associated with an increased risk for incident stroke and lung cancer, and oophorectomy before age 50 years was associated with an increased risk of fatal plus nonfatal coronary heart disease, stroke, and deaths from all causes. Total cancer risk was neither increased nor decreased among women with oophorectomy who had never used ET. Our study has several strengths. This is the largest prospective study, with the longest follow-up, to examine the effect of oophorectomy on health outcomes in women. Although our study is observational, the Nurses’ Health Study cohort is particularly homogenous relative to a study in the general population, with regard to educational and socioeconomic factors that may possibly confound nonrandomized studies. To reduce the possibility of confounding due to the indication for surgery, women with any prior diagnosis of cancer or prior unilateral oophorectomy were excluded from our analysis. To reduce the possibility of confounding due to the family history, our main analysis was adjusted for both family history of breast or ovarian cancer. We also performed a subset analysis that excluded women with a family history of ovarian cancer (approximately 4.5% of study subjects) and found results similar to those presented in our report (data not shown). Many previous studies were small or did not adjust for known risk factors for cardiovascular disease.6,15,16 Our study included 29,380 women who had hysterectomies, nearly equally divided between bilateral oophorectomy and ovarian conservation. Although baseline characteristics differed somewhat between groups, we used multivariable analysis to correct for multiple known risk factors associated with all the conditions of interest. Follow-up over the 24 years was high for reported incident diagnoses and updated information on risk factors, and identification of deaths is approximately 98% complete. Several limitations of our study deserve comment. The study was observational, and oophorectomy or ovarian conservation was self-selected. Despite the biologic plausibility of many of our results and despite accounting for multiple risk factors, it is possible that our findings could be related to the underlying indication for which participants chose oophorectomy or due to uncorrected differences between the groups. Most of the women in this study were white and the results may not be applicable to nonwhite women. Our results for cardiovascular disease are biologically plausible and supported by experimental evidence. Reduction in endogenous estrogen increases serum lipids, reduces carotid artery blood flow, and increases subclinical atherosclerosis as measured by carotid artery intima-media thickness.17–19 Our results are consistent with other studies. A decision analysis found that ovarian conservation improved survival for women aged younger than 65 years at the time of surgery.20 A cohort study of 1,097 women who underwent hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy for benign disease who were matched by age to 2,390 women choosing ovarian conservation found mortality to be higher in women who had prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy before the age of 45 years.16 Earlier age of surgical or natural menopause correlates with increased risk of cardiovascular events.15,21,22 Previous reports from the Nurses’ Health Study found that women with oophorectomy between the ages of 40 years and 44 years, compared with women with intact ovaries, had double the risk of myocardial infarction (RR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.2).7 Oophorectomy after age 50 years increased the risk of developing a first myocardial infarction compared with controls (RR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–2.0).8 When adjusted for age, death from stroke was reduced 6% per year of delayed menopause (RR 0.94, 95%CI 0.89–1.00).6 A meta-analysis of observational studies found that oophorectomy doubled the risk of cardiovascular disease (RR 2.62, 95% CI 2.05–3.35).9 In that cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death among U.S. women, any increased risk would be expected to increase overall morbidity and mortality, as found in our study. Ovarian cancer is a low-prevalence disease, and simple hysterectomy may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer. Suggested mechanisms include interruption of transport of potential carcinogens through the reproductive tract, alteration in hormone levels, or induction of protective anti-MUC1 antibodies.23–25 Our analysis found a decreased risk of breast cancer among women after oophorectomy. Women with oophorectomy before age 50 years have been shown to have a 50% decreased risk of breast cancer that persisted for 10 years after surgery.26 We found the increased risk of dying of other cancers exceeded the risk of dying from ovarian cancer (low incidence) and breast cancer (high long-term survival rate) among women having an oophorectomy. The association of oophorectomy with lung cancer was unexpected and warrants further study. Although postmenopausal estrogen therapy may reduce some of the increased risks we found, after publication of the Women’s Health Initiative results, many women discontinued hormone therapy, and 77% fewer women now start hormones at the time of menopause.27 Likewise, continuation rates for medications that can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as statins, are as low as 18% for women after one year.28 Our findings provide evidence that, for women not at high risk for ovarian cancer, oophorectomy may adversely affect long-term health outcomes and mortality, and at no age was oophorectomy associated with a survival benefit. Preventive surgery should not be performed if it does not clearly benefit the patient. Therefore, prophylactic oophorectomy, with the goal of improving survival by reducing ovarian cancer, seems not to be supported by our study. Given that approximately 300,000 U.S. women per year undergo elective oophorectomy, these findings have important public health implications. 1. ACOG. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 89. Elective and risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. Obstet Gynecol 2008;111:231–41. 2. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), 1988–2001: a federal-state-industry partnership in health data. July 2003. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5105a1.htm. Retrieved March 10, 2009. Cited Here 3. Judd H, Judd G, Lucas W, Yen S. Endocrine function of the postmenopausal ovary: concentration of androgens and estrogens in ovarian and peripheral vein blood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974;39:1020–4. 4. Fogle R, Stanczyk F, Zhang X, Paulson R. Ovarian androgen production in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007;92:3040–3. 5. Judd H, Lucas W, Yen S. Effect of oophorectomy on circulating testosterone and androstenedione levels in patients with endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1974;118:793–8. 6. Ossewaarde M, Bots M, Verbeek A, Peeters PH, van der Graaf Y, Grobbee DE, et al. Age at menopause, cause-specific mortality and total life expectancy. Epidemiology 2005;16:556–62. 7. Colditz G, Willett W, Stampfer M, Rosner B, Speizer F, Hennekens C. Menopause and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 1987;316:1105–10. 8. Falkeborn M, Schairer C, Naessen T, Persson I. Risk of myocardial infarction after oophorectomy and hysterectomy. J Clin Epidemiol 2000;53:832–7. 9. Atsma F, Bartelink M, Grobbee D, van der Schouw Y. Postmenopausal status and early menopause as independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Menopause 2006;13:265–79. 10. Kung H, Hoyert D, Xu J, Murphy S. Deaths: Final Data for 2005. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2008;56:1–120. 11. Armstrong K, Schwartz J, Randall T, Rubin S, Weber B. Hormone replacement therapy and life expectancy after prophylactic oophorectomy in women with BRCA1/2 mutations: a decision analysis. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:1045–54. 12. Colditz G, Manson J, Hankinson S. The Nurses’ Health Study: 20-year contribution to the understanding of health among women. J Womens Health 1997;6:49–62. 13. Colditz G, Stampfer M, Willett W, Stason W, Rosner B, Hennekens C, et al. Reproducibility and validity of self-reported menopausal status in a prospective cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 1987;126:319–25. 14. Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Dysert DC, Lipnick R, Rosner B, et al. Test of the National Death Index. Am J Epidemiol 1984;119:837–9. 15. van der Schouw YT, van der Graaf Y, Steyerberg EW, Eijkemans JC, Banga JD. Age at menopause as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Lancet 1996;347:714–8. 16. Rocca W, Grossardt B, de Andrade M, Malkasian G, Melton LJ 3rd. Survival patterns after oophorectomy in premenopausal women: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2006;7:821–8. 17. Cheung L, Pang M, Lam C, Tomlinson B, Chung T, Haines C. Acute effects of a surgical menopause on serum concentrations of lipoprotein(a). Climacteric 1998;1:33–41. 18. Mihmanli V, Mihmanli I, Kantarci F, Aydin T, Yilmaz M, Ogut G. Carotid pulsatility indices in surgical menopause. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2002;266:96–100. 19. Hodis H, Mack W. Atherosclerosis imaging methods: assessing cardiovascular disease and evaluating the role of estrogen in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Am J Cardiol 2002;89:19E–27E. 20. Parker WH, Broder MS, Liu Z, Shoupe D, Farquhar C, Berek JS. Ovarian conservation at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease. Obstet Gynecol 2005;106:219–26. 21. Løkkegaarda E, Jovanovicb Z, Heitmannc B, Keidingb N, Ottesend B, Pedersend A. The association between early menopause and risk of ischaemic heart disease: influence of Hormone Therapy. Maturitas 2006;53:226–33. 22. de Kleijn M, van der Schouw Y, Verbeek A, Peeters P, Banga J, van der Graaf Y. Endogenous estrogen exposure and cardiovascular mortality risk in postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 2002;155:339–45. 23. Hankinson S, Hunter D, Colditz G, Willett W, Stampfer M, Rosner B, et al. Tubal ligation, hysterectomy, and risk of ovarian cancer. A prospective study. JAMA 1993;270:2813–8. 24. Cramer DW, Welch WR, Berkowitz RS, Godleski JJ. Presence of talc in pelvic lymph nodes of a woman with ovarian cancer and long-term genital exposure to cosmetic talc. Obstet Gynecol 2007;110:498–501. 25. Cramer D, Titus-Ernstoff L, McKolanis J, Welch W, Vitonis A, Berkowitz R, et al. Conditions associated with antibodies against the tumor-associated antigen MUC1 and their relationship to risk for ovarian cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14:1125–31. 26. Schairer C, Persson I, Falkeborn M, Naessen T, Troisi R, Brinton L. Breast cancer risk associated with gynecologic surgery and indications for such surgery. Int J Cancer 1997;70:150–4. 27. Wegienka G, Havstad S, Kelsey J. Menopausal hormone therapy in a health maintenance organization before and after women’s health initiative hormone trials termination. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2006;15:369–78. 28. Huser MA, Evans TS, Berger V. Medication adherence trends with statins. Adv Ther 2005;22:163–71. This article has been cited 1 time(s). Role of Hormone Therapy in the Management of Menopause Shifren, JL; Schiff, I Obstetrics & Gynecology, 115(4): 839-855. 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181d41191 PDF (997) | CrossRef © 2009 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Obstetrics & Gynecology113(5):1027-1037, May 2009. Looking for ABOG articles? Visit our ABOG MOC II collection. The selected Green Journal articles are free through the end of the calendar year. ACOG MEMBER SUBSCRIPTION ACCESS If you are an ACOG Fellow and have not logged in or registered to Obstetrics & Gynecology, please follow these step-by-step instructions to access journal content with your member subscription. Articles in PubMed by William H. Parker, MD Articles in Google Scholar by William H. Parker, MD Other articles in this journal by William H. Parker, MD Journal Club - May 2009 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Syndromes in Obstetrics Salpingo-oophorectomy at the Time of Benign Hysterectomy: A Systematic Review Committee Opinion No. 620: Salpingectomy for Ovarian Cancer Prevention Ovarian Conservation at the Time of Hysterectomy for Benign Disease Considerations to Improve the Evidence-Based Use of Vaginal Hysterectomy in Benign Gynecology

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Tag: White Reaper The World’s Best American Band LP indie rock by William Ruben Helms May 23, 201717:55 New Video: The Mischievous Schoolhouse Rock-Influenced Animation and Live Action Visuals for White Reaper’s “The World’s Best American Band” Now, if you’ve been frequenting this site for a while, you might recall that with the release of their self-titled EP and their critically applauded full-length debut White Reaper Does It Again, the Louisville, KY-based quartet White Reaper quickly became JOVM mainstays and received attention nationally and elsewhere. And after a busy touring schedule to support their full-length debut, the acclaimed band retreated and spent the past year writing and recording the material that would comprise their sophomore full-length effort The World’s Best American Band, which Polyvinyl Records released last month. And from The World’s Best American Band’s first single, “Judy French,” which reminded me quite a bit of The Cars “You Might Think” and Moving Pictures-era Rush, the band has made decided change in sonic direction — and while retaining the power chords and sneering punk attitude, the material possesses a clean, studio sheen and anthemic hooks; in fact, the album’s second single, album title track “The World’s Best American Band” continues on the leaner, cleaner, meaner vein of its predecessor, nodding at Cheap Trick, revealing some ambitious yet incredibly accessible songwriting. The recently released music video for “The World’s Best American Band” features a mischievous mix of Schoolhouse Rock-era animation and live action. Beginning with the typical pre-show/pre-set hijinks as the fans are waiting for their favorite band to get on the stage, we’re introduced to the animated dopplegangers of the band’s members — with lead singer Ryan picking up his bandmates and friends as they finish up some surreal situations, including a paying chess against an anthropomorphic hot dog. There’s also a dude who eats a psychedelic colored hot dog that makes him hallucinate that he’s turned into a different, anthropomorphic hot dog. And if there’s one thing to be certain of it’s this — don’t eat those concert hall hot dogs, man. They’ll fuck your shit up. New Audio by William Ruben Helms Feb 27, 201713:30 February 27, 2017 New Audio: JOVM Mainstays White Reaper Return with an Arena Rock-Friendly Power Pop Anthem With the release of their self-titled EP, their critically applauded full-length debut White Reaper Does It Again and a series of tours with nationally renowned acts like Deerhoof, Young Widows, Priests and others, the Louisville, KY-based quartet White Reaper quickly became JOVM mainstays and received attention nationally and elsewhere. After touring to support their White Reaper Does It Again, the band retreated to write and record the material that would comprise their long-awaited sophomore effort The World’s Best American Band, which is slated for an April 7, 2017 release through Polyvinyl Records. Last month, I wrote about The World’s Best American Band’s first single “Judy French,” a single, which revealed that the band had gone through a decided change in sonic direction from scuzzy, power chord-based garage towards New Wave and prog rock and a bit of a studio sheen that reminded me a bit of The Cars “You Might Think” and Moving Pictures-era Rush while retaining a sneering punk attitude and rousingly anthemic hooks. Interestingly, the album’s second and latest single, album title track “The World’s Best American Band” continues on a somewhat similar cleaner, leaner vein as its preceding single while seemingly drawing to the anthemic power pop of Cheap Trick and others; and in fact, the single finds the band with the same sort of enormous sound you’d expect from the sorts of bands that have played arenas and stadiums.

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Tag Archives: Black Women A Caged Bird Sings Deep Songs of Pain Posted by Joshua Ryan "Jammer" Smith in Biography, Book Review, Literature, Novels, Poetry, Race, Sexuality Banned Books, biography, Black Women, Black women's narratives, Book Review, censorship, Dead Poet's Society, Elmo Saves Christmas, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Language, Literature, Maya Angelou, memoir, Novel, Poetry, race, Rape, Sesame Street, Sexuality, Shadows in the Sun, The Adventures of Captain Underpants, trauma, Weldon Parish, Writers, Writing The first story Maya Angelou ever told me was how Elmo saved Christmas. My little sister was part of the Elmo generation, I was more of a Cookie Monster guy myself, and so when the special came out on VHS my parents had to buy it to add to their still impressive if outdated collection of Christmas Specials. To this day we’ve never updated, and so the brick VHS tape of Elmo and Lightning the reindeer remains part of the Canon of the Smith Family Christmas. Being a young kid I asked who the elderly lady was who was narrating and Mom, or Dad, told me her name was Maya Angelou and that she was a poet. That was it, and life went on. Maya Angelou would return to my attention in my Junior year of high school when my teacher gave us a “recommended list” of books to read before the AP test. These books exemplified the standards of that bullshit exam, but while many of my friends and classmates simply threw the handout away immediately I became entranced. Lists are always a challenge and to this day I still have my near shattered copy of that list, with several of the titles of novels highlighted in lapis blue. Maya Angelou was on the list, and the title I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings would haunt me through the years. I wanted to read it desperately but no book store ever seemed to carry it, and when I found out the book was often banned this only fueled the flame. Despite this, life went on. Maya Angelou died while I was on my honeymoon. May 28, 2014. I remember driving home, actually my wife was driving us home I wasn’t allowed to drive her car, and while we were enjoying the “Continental Breakfast” I spotting her face on a newspaper in the hotel, or was it motel, those eight hour drives are all a blur honestly, and I picked it up recognizing the face I had watched time and time again on the Elmo Saves Christmas special. I read the article, mourning a woman I had never met, had never read, and known of only through reputation and references. But, again, life went on. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings seemed like a songbird that lands near your feet and then flutters away in a panic when you try to touch it. Angelou’s book constantly escaped me until one of my weekly “Coffee with Jammer” meetings with a friend, I think it was my Mom actually but she’s a friend too, that I finally found a paperback copy of the book. A black bird soars up from an unseen unknown territory while a yellow sun paints the world four different shades of yellow-orange. I picked up the book, and I admit this to my great shame, part of me wondered if maybe I shouldn’t wait on it and simply buy something else. My mother encouraged me to buy it though, and like so many of the amazingly selfless actions she’s made in her life, actually bought it for me. The book was finally mine, but I had grad school and cats and work to worry about, and a novel by Faulkner which wasn’t going to finish itself and so I passed on the book to Mom who started it first. I admit this part with great shame however, I eventually took the book back from her because that songbird had sung for too long. Reading just the first few pages I recognized Angelou as a voice I had heard only a few times in my life. She describes in the opening passage dressing up for church: Wouldn’t they be surprised when one day I woke out of my black ugly dream, and my real hair, which was long and blond, would take the place of the kinky mass that Momma wouldn’t let me straighten? My light blue eyes were going to hypnotize them, after all the things they said about “my daddy must have been a Chinaman” (I thought they meant made out of china, like a cup) because my eyes were so small and squinty. Then they would understand why I had never picked up a Southern Accent, or spoke the common slang, and why I had to be forced to eat pigs tails and snouts. Because I was really white and because a cruel fairy stepmother, who was understandably jealous of my beauty, had turned me into a too-big Negro girl, with nappy black hair, broad feet and a space between her teeth that would hold a number-two pencil. (5). On the next page she offers a condenses sentiment: If growing up is painful for the Southern Black girl, being aware of her displacement is the rust on the razor that threatens her throat. (6). It’d be fair to say, and I’ve said it before in previous articles, that the voices of African American women tend to be shunned or silenced when it comes to the American Literary Canon. The best example being that I couldn’t read or be taught I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, however writers like Virginia Wolfe and Jane Austen were free game. I did manage to read Their Eyes Were Watching God as part of the curriculum and I’ll forever thank Ms. Wilson for giving me that wonderful book, but something that has bothered me about my education, and by extension the education of millions of American students, is the pronounced lack of “minority” voices in the texts we read. Part of this is simply the reality facing many teachers. By the time a person leaves High School they’re supposed to have read at least a few of the “classics” so that they can be prepared as citizens. This would not be so much of a problem were it not for the fact that American literary products are steadily diminished by curriculums and British authors, who typically tend to be white, receive favor or precedence by teachers and administrators. Growing up in a predominantly white environment, and going to a mostly white school also tended to keep me in a bubble where the realities of black people were either nonexistent, or else an abstract cartoon painted harshly by conservative voices and pathetically by liberal voices. Reading Maya Angelou cuts through everything because she doesn’t spare her reader any of her pain, and I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is a song of pain. The novel/memoir is about her growing up in a small southern town where her family operates the only negro owned general store, dealing with her conflicted identity as black rather than white, and learning the rhythms being black in the South. Midway through the book however her mother returns for Angelou and her brother Bailey and they all move to California where her mother works as a singer and actress. Her boyfriend, a man by the name of Mr. Burnham watches over the children while their mother is at work, however Burnham assumes a malevolent significance in Angelou’s life for the novel describes the rape she suffered by him. Burnham is eventually found out, but the remainder of the novel deals with Angelou overcoming this trauma and deciding she will never speak again. Angelou accounts this decision shortly after the trial that has seen Mr. Burnham free but eventually killed by the community: I had sold myself to the Devil and there could be no escape. The only thing I could do was to stop talking to people other than Bailey. Instinctively, or somehow, I knew that because I loved him so much I’d never hurt him, but if I talked to anyone else that person might die too. Just my breath, carrying my words out, might poison people and they’d curl up and die like black fat slugs that only pretended. I had to stop talking. I discovered that to achieve perfect personal silence all I had to do was to attach myself leechlike to sound. I began to listen to everything. I probably hoped that after I had heard all the sounds, really heard them and packed them down, deep in my ears, the world would be quiet around me. (85-6). The rape in question is the predominant reason I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is often banned from school reading lists, and on some level I understand this. Rape as a topic is not fun to discuss, let alone even think about, and teenagers existing in the environments they do many teachers likely keep a book like I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings off the list because it describes and presents the act so plainly and vividly. I’d like to think that this is the main reason why the book has been banned, but the problem is stories like The Fall of the House of Usher and To Kill a Mockingbird both deal frankly with the topic of rape and those books, apart from being authored by white writers, are required reading in schools. As so often happens the reasons for lifting a book from course curriculum comes not from teachers who are just trying to introduce students to topic and issues about the real world in the safe environment of the classroom, it’s the parents who are terrified that their child will be exposed to shocking or harmful material, most of it material they have already learned about through television. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is one of the most banned books in America, falling behind Captain Underpants, and Maya Angelou herself has been one of the most banned authors falling into the top 10 list of banned authors over the last two decades at least. Part of this is the frank presentation of rape, however it should be noted that it has also been banned for the frank presentations of sexuality, and while this is never on the list, for the honest presentation of the thoughts and feelings of many young black women. The first quote I provided should demonstrate that Angelou’s book tackles the issue of the self-esteem problems she suffered from as a young woman, and while this was certainly because of her body type, it was clear she had compartmentalized the idea that white skin, or at least paler tones, were not only more attractive, but truly beautiful. A few years back I worked alongside a woman who confessed to me that she received a lot of flak from other black women because of her complexion. She had what is sometimes referred to as Honeydew skin tone, where the individual is African American, but their skin appears lighter. This is in itself is not a problem for skin tone is varied and can assume, literally, millions of different varieties. The reason for her pain was an embedded Eurocentrism that exists within the black community that lighter skinned women are perceived as more attractive than darker skinned women. This was another one of those little realities that escaped me because as a white man I don’t really think too much about skin tone and how important it is, or the way it can effect they way you live your life. Angelou touches upon this later in the novel when she says: The Black female is assaulted in her tender years by all those common forces of nature at the same time that she is caught in the tripartite crossfire of masculine prejudice, white illogical hate and Black lack of power. The fact that the Adult Negro female emerges a formidable character is often met with amazement, distaste and even belligerence. It is seldom accepted as an inevitable outcome of the struggle won by survivors and deserves respect if not enthusiastic acceptance. (268). At this point the reader may interject and ask if the book is one long examination of the troubles of African American women? There’s nothing wrong with that, but I keep calling it a novel. How do you form a novel around mundane cultural and racial problems? This is a fair point and I realize I may be focusing on the negatives more than I should. Maya Angelou was a poet first, and I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings demonstrates that in the way she describes how important language became to her. After she was raped and Mr. Burnham met his fate Angelou sequestered herself in her own mind, refusing to talk to anyone but her brother until she encounters a woman named Mrs. Flowers who teaches her the value of language. Mrs. Flowers says: “Now no one is going to make you talk—possibly no one can. But bear in mind, language is man’s way of communicating with his fellow man and it is language alone which separates him from the lower animals.” That was a totally new idea to me, and I would need tome to think about it. “You grandmother says you read a lot. Every chance you get. That’s good, but not good enough. Words mean more than what is set down on paper. It takes the human voice to infuse them with the shades of deeper meaning.” I memorized the part about the human voice infusing words. It seemed to valid and poetic. (96). It’s passages like this that abound through the novel/memoir that remind the reader of the power of Angelou’s narrative and life and what role it plays in literature. Many people will never read Angelou’s work and the tragedy of that is not just the missed chance to read a wonderful story about overcoming pain and trauma, the real tragedy shall be that the reader will miss the opportunity to see how important the work of a writer really is. Writer’s do more than simply connect pretty words together for the sake of making them pretty, and Weldon Parish, Harvey Keitel’s character in film Shadows in the Sun, expresses the sentiment far better than I could. Weldon Parish: Anyone can use words. It’s called talking. But writers arrange them in a way so that they take on a beauty in their form. Angelou’s book is a song dedicated to a life and existence that was defined by its time and place. Whether she’s describing her and her brother Bailey hiding her uncle under a pile of onions from the Klan who never show up, or else describing the joy her and her community felt when Joe Louis became the first black Heavyweight boxing champion, Angelou pours her soul into her language so that these moments become more than impressions of her life, they become music sung by the deepest part of her being to the person she was and the people she’s a part of. This melody and song can only exist through language and by singing it the way she does the reader is left with more than just an autobiography. Looking near the end of the book there’s one last passage worth observing here. It’s her own reflection after deciding she will find a boy, have sex, and finally become fulfilled as an individual. After the sex which is awkward and meaningless she realizes that nothing has actually changed: At home I reviewed my failure and tried to evaluate my new position. I had had a man. I had been had. I not only didn’t enjoy it, but my normalcy was still a question. What happened to the moonlight-on-the-prairie feeling? Was there something so wrong with me that I couldn’t share a sensation that made poets gush out rhyme after that made Richard Arlen brave the Arctic wastes and Veronica Lake betray the entire free world? (278-9). On one hand this passage is important because it demonstrates a fact that often gets missed by the narratives that reach young men which is that young women don’t always find satisfaction in the loss of their virginity. Some women in fact feel that the act leaves them dissatisfied and nothing has in fact actually happened. This passage also reveals an important fact connected to the very titles. Maya Angelou is always detailing, discussing, describing, and deconstructing her experience as a young woman of color, as a young woman, and simply as an individual and the impression that’s left is that she is dissatisfied. She feels often that she is trapped or contained and that little or anything will ever truly free her from this feeling, and looking at it from afar this is a beautiful expression worth reading. Those of us living in this impersonal Pseudo-Modern age are often trapped in the various avatars and masks that can in fact become a cage. Rather than mourn this lack of freedom Angelou find hope and freedom in poetry which is ultimately song. If I can quote Dead Poet’s Society: John Keating: We don’t read and write poetry because it’s cute. We read and write poetry because we are members of the human race. And the human race is filled with passion. Maya Angelou lived with passion and made it her life’s work. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is not just an autobiography, it’s a poetic song dedicated to what language can do for one soul caught in a self-constructed cage. In life there will be non-stop attacks on individual’s passions, and it falls upon them to fight through it. Birds may sing because they’re trapped in cages, but ultimately music and language transcends such petty limitations and bird songs fly ever upward. I’ve included links to a few articles about the banning of Maya Angelou’s books and works. Enjoy: http://newafricanmagazine.com/maya-angelou-banned-author-us/ http://www.oif.ala.org/oif/?p=1495 http://forbookssake.net/2012/04/19/banned-books-i-know-why-the-caged-bird-sings-by-maya-angelou/ http://bbark.deepforestproductions.com/column/2011/10/30/banned-books-awareness-caged-bird-sings/

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Home INTERVIEWS Enfant Terrible INTERVIEW: Experts said that our idea was impossible to execute INTERVIEW: Experts said that our idea was impossible to execute Interview with Simon Rožnik, director of experiential marketing agency Extrem, that recently executed the world's first Volleyball match on a river. Photo credit: www.extrem.si When we asked Simon Rožnik to describe himself, he wrote back “born to make crazy events :-) :-).” And this description certainly is not far from the truth when knowing that his agency Extrem, which is specialized in experiential marketing campaigns, recently executed probably one of the craziest ideas of the year: a real volleyball match on the Ljubljanica River that runs through Slovenia’s capital. Yes, you read it right. There was a floating volleyball field in the middle of the river that made for the first event of the kind in the world. For further uniqueness of the event, the event marked the start of the CEV EuroVolley 2019 that is also taking part in Ljubljana. This enabled the added value of the event, as the world-class volleyball players played the game. However, this is not the first ‘water-like’ event that Simon Rožnik, the mastermind behind the events that his agency Extrem creates, brought to reality. The other one was the basketball on the sea as a promotional event for Eurobasket 2013. Thus, just these two things are enough to confirm that when he says that he ‘is born to make crazy events’ he really means it. But for those who still doubt, let’s add extra ‘Extrem’ information from his career path. His first interaction with organizing an event was when he was 14 years old and he organized a football tournament in front of his primary school in his hometown of Horjul. The Streetball or 3×3 basketball, as we know it today, was the one that launched his career as he started organizing the tournaments in the late 90’s. And then he convinced the Slovenian Basketball federation to organize the first national championship in 3×3 in the world in 2004, and now the 3×3 is nothing less than Olympic sport! The rest is history, it could be said … We talked to this Slovenian enfant terrible in experiential marketing about the Volleyball on Ljubljanica River and his other ‘crazy’ work. Photo credit: Personal archive Q: How did you come up with the idea for a volleyball match on a river? I had had the idea in my head for the last three years. I envisioned it on a lake, we have a lot of beautiful lakes in Slovenia and we could do an exhibition match on one of them. Nobody has ever done it in the world, and we wanted to be the first ones. We’re always looking for a story with the event and with Slovenia hosting EuroVolley everything just clicked together. I’m a fan of beach volley, I love to play it. We always try to do something different and I was thinking about how to make a volleyball match different and unique. Q: What were the biggest challenges you had to overcome to develop the idea into reality? The biggest challenges were technical. We had to figure out if it is even possible to do a court like this. We had to use different knowledge – static, buoyancy, physics. The first part was figuring out how to sink the court and the second part was getting the finances to launch the event. We had the story, we only needed to put it into a reality. Q: Were there any particular surprises? The first reaction of the experts that helped us was discouraging, they said that our idea is impossible to execute. They advised that we put some kind of a pool into the water and we would fill it up with water. It would definitely be easier, but we wouldn’t have the effect of players walking on water. I didn’t give up and researched other options so, in the end, the event could look like I imagined. Q: What was your favorite part of the whole event? My favourite part was the event itself and the feedback from the media and public. I knew we were doing something special, but I have never imagined it would be as good and as popular. The great reception of your idea that becomes a successful event, gives you a new momentum to develop new ideas and events that nobody has ever done before. “I knew we were doing something special, but I had never imagined it would be as good and as popular.” Q: What were the outcome, results, feedbacks, …? The outcome and the feedback were great Beyond what we imagined. The feedbacks from media, volleyball association, spectators and from abroad were fantastic. Everybody loved the event. We first did a 3D visualization of the event and when the event, in reality, is as good or even better then visualized, it is a successful event. Q: Is there anything you’d do differently now looking in retrospective? I would change some technical things, that you couldn’t even notice. They were not really as we wanted them. We had some issues with sinking the raft, with all the experience we have now, we could do it easier and faster. Q: Your agency prepares many experiential events, mostly related to sports. Why sports? Because I’m a sportsman. I understand sports, I love sports and for me, it’s easy to do sports events. But I already have a lot of different and new ideas in my head for other kinds of events, not just sports. Q: Why, do you think, is the experience marketing important? What does it bring? Firstly, it brings a new experience to everybody that participates. A good example is our event Red Bull Goni Pony, I compete there every year. It’s a special experience you can’t miss. A lot of people all with the same goal, to have fun and to reach the top of Vršič mountain on a bike we used when I was growing up. We have a marketing niche; we do what other agencies don’t and that gives us special recognition. But the road from an idea to execution is hard. It’s hard to always look for partners. “Slovenia is an excellent place for trying out crazy events.” Q: What was your favorite experience marketing event that you have attended during your career and why? That’s a difficult choice. Every event is special in its own way. If I choose among our events, definitely Red Bull Goni Pony, basketball on the sea (promotional event for Eurobasket 2013) and Volleyball on Ljubljanica river. Each of these events is unique in its own way. From other events, I would have to say Hero Dolomites. A biking event in the Dolomites that I went to this year. It is an amazing experience, good organization, beautiful views, and I proved myself that I can do a race like that. Q: What are your plans for the future? Any special new ‘crazy’ events that you have in plan? We are bringing the Spartan race to Slovenia next year, it’s not a new event it’s a world-recognized event that we are bringing to Slovenia. We are expanding to social events, we already have an idea and we started with the preparations. But for now, we are keeping it as secret. Slovenia is an excellent place for trying out crazy events. We are also looking to spread the events out of Slovenia in a near future. experience marketing Simon Rožnik Volleyball on Ljubljanica Previous articleWorld’s first “universal processor” built in Slovakia Next articleThe Ritz-Carlton is coming to Montenegro in 2024 Carina Bauer: “For 2020, we’re looking on the bright side of life” INTERVIEW: PODIM organisers and participants spend 300,000 euros

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U2’s ‘Live’ Grammy Performance Will Reportedly Be Pre-Taped Christian Petersen, Getty Images Music fans have learned to expect a certain amount of artifice from rock stars when they take the stage for high-profile live events — after all, it takes a lot of guts and maybe a little bit of insanity to risk a flub ruining a major gig. Lip-syncing or miming to tape, however, are still seen as major no-nos, and potentially just as embarrassing as a flubbed note if they're found out. All of which is to say that U2 may have some explaining to do in the wake of a TMZ report suggesting that the group's live appearance at the Grammys on Jan. 28 won't really be live at all. According to the tabloid network, the band will actually be taping its performance tonight. As TMZ's report notes, the basic gimmick behind the band's Grammy act — that they're playing live from a remote location — will still be somewhat true, in a sense. U2 will have played live, just prior to the ceremony — and by taping their performance beforehand, will presumably have the opportunity to edit or tune out any mistakes. It might add up to a disappointing bit of sleight of hand for fans who'd prefer a warts-and-all performance, but U2 would hardly be the first act to take advantage of a safety net for a gig like this — and it was just a few years ago that the Red Hot Chili Peppers encountered controversy after being caught miming during the Super Bowl halftime show. Next: 10 Best U2 Songs Source: U2’s ‘Live’ Grammy Performance Will Reportedly Be Pre-Taped Filed Under: grammy show, live, TV, U2

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New Bill Seeks Parental Recognition Equality In Ontario, the law still treats same-sex couples differently than heterosexual couples when it comes to parenting. If a same-sex couple uses a sperm donor whose identity is known, the same-sex partner of the person giving birth isn’t automatically considered a parent. Same-sex marriage was officially recognized by the federal government in Canada on July 20, 2005 and adoption of children by same-sex couples was legalized in Ontario even earlier, back in 1999. Yet despite this, Ontario still lags behind other provinces when it comes to officially acknowledging same-sex partners as legal parents. Ontario’s birth-registration legislation, which dates back to 1990, presumes that a baby is only ever born to two parents – a man and a woman. Even when the male parent is a sperm-donor who signed away his parental rights willingly in a legal contract, the law still reverts to naming him as a legal parent even if he has no interest in being a part of the child’s life. By comparison, when a heterosexual woman gives birth to a child, her husband or common-law partner is presumed to be the father of the child, regardless of whether his sperm was used to conceive that child. Couples, lesbian or otherwise, who use an anonymous donor, are able to register as the child’s parents at birth. For same sex-partners who conceive a child through a known sperm donor, Ontario’s outdated legislation forces the non-birthing parent to go through a time-consuming and expensive process to adopt their own child. In October, however, a private-member’s bill titled ‘Cy and Ruby’s Law’, was introduced in the Ontario legislature. The law seeks to overturn the existing birth-registration legislation and would make it possible for families that don’t conform to traditional definitions to be recognized from the moment their child is born. Ontario would not be the first province to introduce such legislation: it is already law in Quebec, Manitoba, Alberta and British Columbia. The Ontario bill also calls for more inclusive birth forms that would allow trans men who give birth to list themselves as a parent or father, and not a mother by default. The Ontario government is known for being unafraid to embrace equitable lawmaking. These laws are not radical by any means. Couples and their lawyers have been demanding better legislation for years. What’s the hold up? If you have questions about a parental recognition, please contact experienced family lawyer Jason P. Howie, online or at 519.973.1500. To read the full text of Bill 137, Cy and Ruby’s Act (Parental Recognition) click here.

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Nightwolf A.D.E. Art, Design, Editing, and the Nuances of Storytelling According to Kisa Whipkey Freelance Editing Excerpt: “The Bardach” Excerpt: “Spinning” Excerpt: “Confessions” Exploring the Subgenres of Science Fiction September 13, 2013 September 13, 2013 KWhipkey 3 Comments Welcome to the daunting final installment of my subgenre series — the long-awaited behemoth, Science Fiction. Sci-fi is most often synonymous with spaceships, aliens, technology, robots, and to some, Star Trek or Star Wars. But there’s more to it than that. Just like Fantasy sports a whopping 31 subgenres, Science Fiction contains a plethora of subtle variations, each deserving of its own subcategory. A shocking 37 subcategories, to be exact. (And I thought Fantasy was bad!) Now you know why I had to keep deferring this one. That’s a lot of research! Ready to find out what these 37 subcategories are? Then let’s get to it. This is the subgenre most people think of when they hear “Science Fiction.” Drawing from the “hard” sciences — physics, astronomy, chemistry– Hard Science Fiction is not for those easily lost by conceptual details. Scientific realism trumps the more mundane aspects of character or plot development, placing this subgenre’s focus on things like exploration and discovery instead. Expect a lot of attention to be paid to process explanations and technology, and if this is a genre you want to write, expect to put in hefty amounts of research. Plausibility is king in this field. If it’s not believable, that ship’s not gonna fly. (Pun intended.) Star Trek is the most notable example of Hard Sci-fi. There is character development across the series, but that’s not the main focus. I mean, they say it right in the opening sequence. The mission is to “boldly go where no man has gone before.” That same slogan applies to pretty much everything in this category. Soft Science Fiction The exact opposite of Hard Sci-fi, Soft Sci-fi puts the emphasis on character and plot, with the scientific aspects taking a backseat. This subgenre focuses on what are considered the “soft” sciences– anthropology, political science, sociology, psychology, etc. Anne McCaffrey’s Dragon Riders of Pern series would fall in this category. Deceptively starting off as a Fantasy with just a light hint of Sci-fi, later books in the series reveal a heavier Sci-fi slant. But the focus is largely on the characters and cultures, with very clear influence from the disciplines of anthropology and political science. The name says it all on this one. Military Science Fiction revolves around a distinctly militaristic theme. Usually, the characters are part of the military and the plot involves some kind of war. For those fans of the video game world, Bioware’s Mass Effect trilogy and Bungie’s Halo series are prime examples of this type of story. Robot Fiction Another one where the name is pretty self-explanatory. Works in this category place heavy focus on the science of robotics. Isaac Asimov is one of the most prominent pioneers of this subgenre, but you’ll see this theme a lot in films. 2004’s I, Robot springs to mind as a popular example of these kinds of stories. Social Science Fiction is an interesting creature. It relies heavily on the influence of Social Science to extrapolate and then criticize future societies. So at its heart, it’s a genre bent on satire, on delivering criticisms and moral messages about our own society through the filter of a fictional, future one. This subgenre shares a lot of similarities with Dystopian Fiction in that sense. Notable, and probably familiar, examples include Brave New World by Aldous Huxley and The Giver by Lois Lowry. For those of you who pictured the operatic blue alien from The Fifth Element, I’m sorry to say, you’re wrong. This subgenre has nothing to do with music. It does, however, bear a slight resemblance to its more earthly counterpart — the Soap Opera. Space Operas are adventure stories. Romanticized and melodramatic sometimes, but still. They usually center around a sympathetic hero going up against insane odds in an epic battle to save the universe. Good always wins in a Space Opera, and if you can’t guess the notable work I’m alluding to yet, here’s a hint: it features light-sabers, Wookies, and a princess in a slave outfit. 😉 That’s right, Star Wars was, and is, considered a Space Opera. (Alternatively, it’s also known as a Science Fantasy, for the same thematic reasons.) So although this subgenre may have some intrinsic ties to the much-ridiculed Soap Opera, don’t let that color your feelings. Star Wars is one of the most successful Science Fiction franchises of all time, and if it can survive being called a Space Opera, your work probably can too. Steampunk is an strange one, spawning an entire subculture as well as a subgenre. It’s often set in an industrialized not-so-distant, alternate future, with heavy influences from 19th century Victorian England and the American Wild West. Strange combo, no? It may also contain elements of Fantasy, Horror, or Historical Fiction. The main requirement, though, is that a story in this category must include steam-technology and a 19th century perspective on everything from machinery to fashion. Examples include the work of H. G. Wells and Jules Verne as well as more contemporary author, Phillip Pullman. But with the rapidly growing popularity of this cultural movement, Steampunk will likely have several more notable titles soon. Cyberpunk is Sci-Fi’s answer to the Detective/Crime Novel. Its settings are typically dark and gritty, with a heavy emphasis placed on advanced technology. Plots often revolve around the degradation of society and the abuse of technology. Hackers, Artificial Intelligence and Megacorporations spying on the world are all elements seen in these high-intensity thrill rides. The work of Phillip K. Dick falls largely under this category, making him one of the most well-known authors in this field. Biopunk is pretty much the same as Cyberpunk, but instead of an emphasis on technology, it focuses on the biological. Genetic modification and DNA engineering are common in this subgenre, providing a cautionary look at the downside to messing with biology. The Island of Dr Moreau by H. G. Wells would be a prime example, although it technically predates the creation of this category. Nanopunk Another cousin of the previous “punk” categories, Nanopunk focuses on a specific set of technology — nanotechnology. Michael Chricton’s Prey, as well as NBC’s recent hit show, Revolution, are both examples. Superhero Fiction Ah yes, a subgenre full of dudes in tights and capes, and women wearing barely-there spandex and magic-powered accessories. I don’t think there’s a person alive who isn’t familiar with this category, (don’t lie, you know you went through the towel-turned-cape wearing phase when you were a kid) although it’s much more popular in the visual mediums– TV, film, video games, and comic books. The basic idea is exactly what you’d expect, a “good” protagonist dressed in an elaborate costume faces off against a supervillain. Often, both hero and villain have superhuman abilities, making their battles nothing less than epic. Which is why we continue to reboot these narratives over and over and over again. I mean, seriously, what are we on, like our 8th Batman? No, this isn’t a combination of Sci-Fi and Romance, although that does exist. (It’s considered Science Fiction Romance, in case you forgot. 😉 ) Scientific Romance is actually an archaic term that was the genre’s original name. Now, it refers specifically to works from the late 19th to early 20th centuries or ones that are purposely written to sound that way. H.G Wells, Jules Vern, and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle are considered part of this category, largely because they were writing during that time frame, pioneering the genre. Gothic Science Fiction I find it interesting that this isn’t lumped into Horror Sci-Fi, but rather is given its own designation. Gothic Science Fiction is what it claims– a combination of Gothic-minded elements and Sci-fi. Vampires and Zombies are frequent visitors here. The most common plot is the attempt to explain monsters through science. There’s heavy emphasis placed on the biological explanation of these more-typically mythological creatures while still maintaining that darker, Gothic edge. Think Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, or Richard Matheson’s I Am Legend. Mundane Science Fiction This subgenre very closely resembles Hard Sci-fi, except there’s no interstellar travel or alien life forms. Fascinatingly enough, part of this subgenre is a position that things like worm holes, warp drives, and multi-galaxy exploration (all things typically found in Hard Sci-fi) are speculative wish-fulfillment and could never really happen. (Which I suppose makes the choice of “mundane” in the title fairly appropriate.) Instead, this subgenre focuses on stories that could happen, and often contain scientific data that can be, or has been, corroborated by scientists. Geoff Ryman and the short story anthology he edited, When It Changed: Science Into Fiction, are the most prominent names associated with this subgenre. Horror Science-fiction Just like it sounds, this is a combination of Horror and Sci-fi. Pairing the adrenaline inducing gore and violence of Horror with Sci-fi’s action-based futures, this is a powerful combination. Alien invasions, mad scientists, experiments gone wrong, there’s really no end to the number of ways Sci-fi can terrify us. Resident Evil, The Body-snatchers, The Alien Franchise, even The Terminator, are all examples of just how lucrative this category can be. Again, pretty straight-forward. In fact, so straight-forward that all I should have to say is this: Douglas Adam’s Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. See? Enough said, right? But seriously, this is a combination of Comedy and Sci-fi. It exploits the elements of Science Fiction for comic relief, often leaning toward satire, as in our example above. This is a blend of Science Fiction and Fantasy (Duh, right?) that lends a sheen of scientific realism to things that could never really exist. This is a squishy subgenre at best, and has never been truly solidified with a description. Surprisingly, one of my all-time favorite series, Shannara, by Terry Brooks, is considered this. I never knew that. See? Even I learn something doing these posts. Apocalyptic Science Fiction These next two subcategories are very tightly linked. Apocalyptic Science Fiction is all about the end of days, the downfall of civilization. The whole story leads up to some cataclysmic event that destroys life as we know it. Sometimes we survive, sometimes we don’t. But once disaster strikes, the story’s over. Otherwise, it becomes part of the next subgenre. Post-Apocalyptic Science Fiction If Apocalyptic is about the disaster itself, Post-apocalyptic naturally features what happens next, after the crisis. Often it includes desolate landscapes, a much smaller population, and sometimes even a return to medieval, or non-technology-enhanced ways of life. Apocalyptic fiction is often depressing, but Post-apocalyptic brings a sense of hope with it, revolving around themes like survival and rebirth/rebuild. I know what you’re thinking: Doesn’t this belong in Horror? Well, that depends entirely on the storytelling approach. When the emphasis is placed on the fear created by a Zombie Apocalypse, and violence and gore play a major role, then yes, I would tend to agree that it’s more fitting in Horror. But when the focus of the story is on an infectious contagion sweeping through the world, turning everyone to mindless, flesh-craving mutants, that’s Sci-fi’s realm. So it really just depends. There seems to be a lot of these self-explanatory subgenres in Sci-fi, doesn’t there? Alien Invasion is exactly what you’d expect: Aliens invading Earth for the nefarious reasons of either destroying or enslaving mankind. This has been one of the most common storylines in Sci-fi; it’s right up there with Hard Sci-fi’s exploration and discovery. From War of the Worlds, to Independance Day, to Avatar, Alien Invasions have fascinated audiences. I wonder if we’ll find it so fascinating if it ever really happens? Alien Conspiracy Unlike Alien Invasion, where all hell breaks loose as massive ships descend from the sky, Alien Conspiracy takes a more subtle stance on the whole Alien thing. UFO sightings and abductions are fair game in this category and stories usually center on the conspiracy itself, on the journey to truth. Perhaps the most well-known example of this subgenre is The X-Files. First popularized as a Sci-fi subgenre by H.G. Wells and The Time Machine, Time Travel is one of those things, like Historical, that crosses several genres. And, like Zombies, the designation between each is subtle and based on the approach. Time Travel without an explicit, scientific explanation would fall more in the realm of Fantasy, but when it’s based in science, like The Time Machine, it’s most definitely Sci-Fi. Other than that distinction, the idea is the same– traveling through time. End of story. We’ve seen this header elsewhere. And just like its Fantasy counterpart, Sci-fi’s version is pretty straightforward. It’s a story rooted in history, but then deviates from that to create an alternate timeline. Pretty simple, no? This is the only subgenre that allows for pure speculation, more akin to Fantasy in many ways than its Sci-fi brothers. The idea is that there is a parallel universe to our own, where the world is either recognizable or very much not. Often including elements of Time Travel, Parallel Worlds is rife with endless possibilities for imaginative new twists. The most prominent and recent example I can think of is Fox’s cult hit, Fringe. This subgenre features tales of adventure, discovering lost locations (islands, continents, planets, etc.) that tend to feature dinosaurs or other extinct creatures and cultures. Jules Verne’s A Journey to the Center of the Earth is a prime example of this type of fiction. Just like Dystopian Fantasy (which isn’t an official subgenre yet), Dystopian Sci-fi is all about the opposite of Uptopia. Generally set in a near-future heavy with social unrest, Dystopian Fiction explores things like police states, repression, and dictatorship. They also commonly feature rebellions. This subgenre has seen a recent boost in popularity, especially with the YA audience, claiming such heavy-hitters as Suzanne Collins’s Hunger Games Trilogy and Marie Lu’s Legend Series. Space Western Yep, space cowboys. (Oh, come on, you know you were thinking it.) Combining the ideology of frontier America with intergalactic travel may sound like a ridiculous concept, but it’s actually a pretty potent combination. How many of you have heard of a little show by the name of Firefly? **Waits for the fanboy/girl squealing to die down.** Yeah, exactly. That’s a Space Western. Enough said, right? This subgenre can boiled down to a phrase: “The future as seen from the past.” It has to conform to a vision of the future presented by artists pre-1960, creating a nostalgic blend of elements to showcase a timeline that could have been but never was. Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow, The Rocketeer, and even The Phantom all qualify for this category. Recursive Science Fiction How’s this for a convoluted subgenre? Recursive Science Fiction is Science Fiction about Science Fiction. The best way I can describe it is that it’s a framed narrative often featuring a protagonist writing a science fiction story. Fortunately, it’s rare, so I wouldn’t dwell on this one if I were you. Landing somewhere between Literary and Speculative Fiction, Slipstream is just plain weird. It’s actually known as the “fiction of strangeness.” It actively tries to break the conventions of genre, crossing between the various styles with ease. A good Slipstream will leave you feeling confused and uncomfortable, and is often accompanied by a resounding, “WTF?” But hey, to each their own! Anthropological Science Fiction This subgenre is rooted entirely in the discipline of Anthropology. It seeks to portray races and cultures to the same scientific degree that anthropologists do, even if those races and cultures are entirely fictitious. Notable names under this header include Ursula K. Le Guin, Chad Oliver, and Michael Bishop. And that concludes our long, sometimes arduous, journey through the many literary subgenres. Next week, I’ll return to my previous style of snarky commentary on something random. (Which really means I have no idea what to write about now and will spend the next 4-5 days scrabbling for a topic.) Thanks for sticking around and if you happen to have a topic request, feel free to send it via the Contact page. (Like seriously, no idea what to write about. Suggestions would be mighty helpful! 😉 ) PublishingAdvice, Books, Media Distribution, Miscellaneous, Musing, Opinion, Publishing, Self-publishing, Storytelling, Thoughts, Writers Resources, Writing ← Investigating the Subgenres of Mystery Self-Editing Tips From an Editor → 3 thoughts on “Exploring the Subgenres of Science Fiction” theparasiteguy says: Woah. I’ve only skimmed this so far, but this looks incredibly detailed. I’ve earmarked this for a more thorough read in the near future. KWhipkey says: I did try to warn everyone that it was going to be humongous. Lol. But thanks! I hope it lives up to your expectations. 🙂 Rob at Educents.com | 8 Tips For Young Science Fiction Authors says: […] Exploring the Subgenres of Science Fiction (kisawhipkey.com) […] Have Comments? Please leave them here! :) Cancel reply Current Project: Member of Netgalley REUTS Movement BeamMeUpScotty's Stuff Todd McCaffrey Abundance Of Reading S. M. Nystoriak's Writer's Block Publishing Insights Lauren Sapala Veronica Sicoe - Science-Fiction Writer Finding Faeries Ducante Originals VP Anderson Unraveling My Mind The Waking Den Thirteen Cents Short Sherrie's Scriptorium Jake Bonsignore Crissi Langwell The Write Niche Megaphone Society Andrew Toynbee's very own Blog Jay Kristoff - Literary Giant matthew-iden.com/ Indie Book Collective Jumping From Cliffs She Writes With Love Ruth Ann Nordin's Author Blog Pub(lishing) Crawl Self-Published Authors Helping Other Authors Kaine Photography In Before the Cynicism My Internet Empire © Copyright Kisa Whipkey 2017 A site for web serials, blog posts, and my random thoughts Reviews of Fantasy and Science Fiction Books Author, artist, pilot, geek Write well. Write often. Edit wisely. A place for writer's and readers to meet! Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose / The more things change, the more they stay the same http://www.judilynnwrites My continuing mission to explore ... magic an exploration of exceptional characters A Home to Creativity. An Editor's Perspective Writing, Reading, Musing For me, finding a niche has been like trying to choose a favorite among my own children. There are so many things I love to do, but one I'm passionate about and that's writing. One writer's burning ambition to become an Author I am an author of stuff. This is my blog. One Man's Adventures in Writerland Where happy endings live and love thrives... Reading you under the table since 2012 Advice on Writing, Publishing, and Book Promotion The wonderful world of Kaine Photography EDGAR NOMINATED CRIME WRITER

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Tournament Released Bass May be a Violation of Alabama's Public Water Stocking Reg Thread starter spectr17 spectr17 Tournament Released Bass May be a Violation of Alabama's Public Water Stocking Regulation The Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources' Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries Division (WFF) has recently become aware of a type of fishing tournament where rules permit anglers to fish in various water bodies and then bring their catch to a particular lake for a weigh-in ceremony where fish are then released alive into that body of water. For example, fish caught from Martin, Guntersville, Smith and Neely Henry could all be arriving at an official weigh-in site on Lay Lake where they are released following the weigh-in. Moving live fish from one lake to another is a direct violation of Alabama's public water stocking regulation. The State of Alabama's regulation of Public Water Stocking (220-2-.129) reads: "It shall be unlawful to intentionally stock or release any fish, mussel, snail, crayfish or their embryos including bait fish into the public waters of Alabama under the jurisdiction of the Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries as provided in Rule 220-2-.42 except those waters from which it came without the written permission of a designated employee of the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources authorized by the Director of the Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries to issue such permit. The provisions of this rule shall not apply to the incidental release of bait into the water during the normal process of fishing." According to Stan Cook, Chief of Fisheries for the Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, this regulation has been in place for many years and is intended to protect the quality and integrity of our sport fisheries. He says, "Moving fish from one reservoir to another can have a number of detrimental consequences; examples include 1) moving fish caught from lakes with consumption advisories into lakes without advisories; 2) introducing genetically inferior strains of spotted bass into our world-class spotted bass fisheries on the Coosa River; 3) introducing diseases such as the Largemouth Bass Virus, which decimated many of our bass fisheries in Alabama beginning in the late 1990s; 4) diluting the genetic benefits of our Florida bass stocking program; and 5) introducing non-native, potentially harmful species into lakes where they do not currently exist." Cook also pointed out that, "It is important for anglers to know that these types of tournaments are not illegal; however, releasing fish into a body of water other than where they were caught is illegal. If tournament organizations want to continue to offer these types of tournaments to their competitors, they are certainly free to do so as long as the fish brought in from other reservoirs are not released. These fish can be donated to a charitable organization such as an orphanage, they can be harvested and eaten by the anglers who caught them, or they can be returned by the anglers to the reservoirs from which they were caught." It is also worth noting that fish can legally be moved from one reservoir to another only if they are transported by boat through a navigable lock. Damon Abernethy, Fisheries Development Coordinator for the Division of Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries, says, "Most Alabama tournament anglers are very conscious of what is necessary to ensure the health and survival of the fish they catch and weigh in during tournaments; bass anglers in particular, go to great lengths to protect the fish that provides them with the opportunity to enjoy their most favorite pastime." Abernethy also states that "Anglers and tournament directors need to be aware that transporting, crowding, or handling fish when water temperatures are high (greater than 85 degrees Fahrenheit) drastically increases the likelihood that they will not survive." A fish's slime coat acts as a barrier to harmful pathogens that can enter a fish's body through areas where this protective coating has been removed. Diseases are more easily transferred from one fish to another when they are held in close proximity to other infected fish, such as in livewells or holding troughs. The Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources promotes wise stewardship, management and enjoyment of Alabama's natural resources through five divisions: Marine Police, Marine Resources, State Lands, State Parks, and Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries. To learn more about ADCNR, visit www.outdooralabama.com. Damon Abernathy (334) 242-3882 Tournaments? Predator Hunting (Coyote, Bobcat, Fox, Wolf, Cougar, etc.) 18 Nov 18, 2016 W National Archery in the Schools state tournament will showcase more than 1,500 students from throughout Wiscon Wisconsin Hunting 0 Mar 29, 2016 Record setting 1,450 student archers competed at MoNASP state tournament Missouri Hunting 0 Mar 25, 2016 Tournaments? National Archery in the Schools state tournament will showcase more than 1,500 students from throughout Wiscon Record setting 1,450 student archers competed at MoNASP state tournament

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Airplanes, Apps, Innovation Autoland, the new system to land without a pilot Garmin is well known for his GPS and, although his products have included smartphones without success, they decided to add a new navigation system called Autoland; which was created thinking of emergency situations that could occur in small planes without a co-pilot and that could help land that plane without much effort. It is a software that will provide peace of mind to the traveler, and will be available on selected general aviation aircraft with the integrated Garmin G3000 flight deck, to be able to land in an emergency with the press of a button or if the system itself determines that the pilot is disabled, activating a protocol to take control of the plane. This system examines all available information, from the remaining fuel, obstacles and meteorology, to the possible land or airports available for landing and the performance of the aircraft. Then, it descends, lands and turns off its engines automatically. Even Autoland is able to communicate with air traffic control and systems to report the incident. This system is also configured to modify the interface of the aircraft’s touch screens, and to provide visual and verbal communications in simple language that tells passengers to wait calmly, and to indicate with simple instructions how to communicate with ATC. And as it is “easy” to activate, it is also very easy to deactivate it. By simply pressing the autopilot key “AP” on the controller, or the disconnect button on the controls, you can cancel the activation of Autoland. The flight display shows a message confirming that Autoland has been deactivated and, in case of accidental deactivation, the system shows passengers how to reactivate Autoland if necessary. It is important to note that it is an emergency system, so it should only be activated if one really exists, taking into account that it automatically alerts the authorities and if it is activated without need, it could have consequences for the person in charge. For now, this system must be approved by the authorities of each country or region, and by passing this control, it will begin to be installed in future airplanes and in some that already have the Garmin G3000 navigation system, although the latter are they must make some updates and adjustments in the control system. Garmin’s proposal is promising and because it is an accident prevention system, it takes to another level, even more knowing that small airplanes do not have as many security measures as a commercial aircraft that transports hundreds of people in a single flight. And you, would you feel comfortable landing with this system? December 13, 2019 /0 Comments/by wbideveloper https://jetmanpay.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/13.12.jpg 913 1369 wbideveloper http://wbinnova.com/jmpweb/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/JMP-Logo-2-300x62.png wbideveloper2019-12-13 08:00:262020-01-09 18:14:07Autoland, the new system to land without a pilot If you are already a registered user or wish to have an account Log in Contact Sales Jet Man Pay – Vision 2020January 24, 2020 - 8:00 am For 3 years, BCDA Aeronautical Solutions have continuously worked to become the leading technology platform for airport management in Latin America. With a firm commitment to provide airlines and private planes with the most efficient means for handling their aeronautical obligations in Venezuela and other countries; always improving its services offered through Jet Man Pay, […] The Jet Manager © Copyright - JET MAN PAY The flying car is already on its way Emirates and the “Year of Tolerance”

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President Obama and the Chamber of Commerce: Bad News for Women? Home/Democrats, Economy, Equal Pay, Feminism, Making Our Political Voices Heard, Republicans/President Obama and the Chamber of Commerce: Bad News for Women? When I saw news clips of President Obama walking across Pennsylvania Avenue to make a much-lauded speech to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the first thought that came into my head was, “Well, there’s one more stake in the heart of working women.” In terms of our stalled economy, of course it makes sense for the president to reach out to business leaders. I get it that there has to be the whole working-together, kumbaya thing to kick this recession’s butt. However, does President Obama really think that making nice to an organization that actively lobbies against the interests of working women is going to revive our economy, especially when his own advisers have told him that women are increasingly the ones putting bread on the table? Jokes about bringing a gift of fruitcake aside, I am sure that the president is aware that the U.S. Chamber of Commerce has: — opposed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, — opposed the Family and Medical Leave Act, calling it a “dangerous precedent,” — opposed the Paycheck Fairness Act, — said it would “wage war” against paid sick leave because it would cost money and people would actually use it, — said it’s not necessary for businesses to accommodate women employees with children because pregnancy is a voluntary choice, and — stated that if women workers want more money, they should worry less about equal pay and focus more on choosing the right husband. Excuse me for a minute until my head stops spinning. Barack Obama claimed at the beginning of his presidency that he was committed to leveling the playing field for American women in the workplace. He signed the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act with great flourish as one of his first presidential acts, though contrary to its name, it doesn’t guarantee fair pay for anyone. It only gives employees — men and women alike — a longer period of time within which to bring a case for pay discrimination. Then, Obama created the The White House Council on Women and Girls, supposedly with the goal of producing equality where inequality existed. And while it didn’t go anywhere in 2010, Obama said he would advocate for the passage of the Paycheck Fairness Act. I’m not sure how those positions square with his new friendship with an organization stuck in a 1950’s June Cleaver world that’s dedicated millions upon millions of dollars working against the concept of equal pay for equal work. While the president — the father of girls, the husband of a professional woman, and the son of a woman who struggled to earn her Ph.D. — had the ear of so many business leaders, where was the reminder about the importance of fair pay and paid sick and maternity leave as ways to strengthen, not diminish, American businesses? My guess is that someone left that part of the speech back in the Oval Office for one reason. I hate to say it, but with the unofficial campaign season upon us, he’s looking out for No. 1 — Obama in 2012. Obama and his team, including the Chamber-favored White House Chief of Staff Richard Daley, clearly are aware that the Chamber of Commerce spent tens of millions of dollars against the Democrats in the 2010 mid-term elections. Many of those contributions came from large corporations that are still ticked off about efforts at Wall Street reform and that prefer it when the president mentions things like rolling back “burdensome” regulations. Money talks in Washington, no matter which side of the aisle you’re on. And while women are the majority of voters, they don’t contribute a lot of money to political campaigns. If women who are interested in fair pay and paid-leave issues want the White House to pay more attention, it’s time to open up their political pursestrings. Sure, the president invited some women to the White House a couple of weeks ago to talk with them about the First Lady’s initiatives, health care and small business opportunities. But women voters will still have a hard time competing with one of the largest lobbyists on Capitol Hill when it comes to the big agenda items. But if women want to wield anywhere near the type of influence the Chamber of Commerce has, it’s probably time to rethink the strategy of political giving for the issues they care about. By PunditMom| 2011-02-10T12:00:05+00:00 February 10th, 2011|Democrats, Economy, Equal Pay, Feminism, Making Our Political Voices Heard, Republicans|3 Comments Becky February 10, 2011 at 1:11 pm No surprise here. I’ve been writing about the U.S. Chamber of Commerce for years. early years resources sam February 11, 2011 at 8:33 am This ain’t good!! Let’s see what else is coming up from that side Alida February 12, 2011 at 9:19 am NO free pass on this one..HOW? WHY? …….. Trying not to push the IF ONLY default button in my gut button here, but in fact he knows better, they know better… We are once again the footnote not the the text once they are elected. The Chamber/s of Commerce belong to the 1950s model of a life my mother fled from….makes me sad..what to do? seventeen − four =

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Ace Lends a Paw to Guard Soldiers in Need Posted on October 21, 2019 by National Guard Ace, a therapy dog in training, is the newest member of the New Jersey Army National Guard’s Psychological Health Program. (Photo by MSG Matt Hecht). JOINT BASE MCGUIRE-DIX-LAKEHURST, N.J. – The New Jersey Army National Guard’s Psychological Health Program recently welcomed its fifth team member, although instead of wearing combat boots, he has four paws. Ace is a rescue dog, and at 8 months old, he’s been making waves throughout the State as a therapy animal in training. Ace can be seen sporting military gear with a large “PET ME” patch emblazoned on the side. “He’s going to be a tool that we’ll be able to use in order to connect Soldiers and provide emotional and therapeutic support throughout the State,” says Captain (CPT) Melissa Parmenter, a behavioral health officer with the New Jersey Army National Guard. “Sometimes when we’re struggling with mental illness or just life stressors, it’s hard to get that courage to come forward and ask for some help, so Ace’s role will be to help open that door.” When CPT Parmenter was pondering what to name the dog, her husband noted that Batman had a dog named Ace. She immediately took to the idea when she realized it fit the Army acronym for Ask, Care, Escort. CPT Melissa Parmenter and therapy dog, Ace, in front of the New Jersey National Guard’s Joint Force Headquarters at Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst. (Photo by MSG Matt Hecht). “A.C.E. teaches Soldiers at the lowest level, if you have a battle buddy in need, this is how to get them to the right place, and not to leave them alone until they’re in the right hands,” she says. Ace has already been helping Soldiers, providing comfort to those in need. “Everybody’s body posture and everything changes automatically when they see him. He’s licking everybody, and everybody is trying to touch him, hug him, and get kisses from him. The whole demeanor of wherever he walks in changes.” CPT Parmenter hopes that Ace will break down barriers when it comes to mental health. “I think Ace will help change the thinking that therapy has to be sitting at a desk and talking to someone,” she says. “I think it will help us get the message across that there are different modalities available, and there are different ways to receive therapy that can be helpful and really beneficial.” Making an impact is ingrained in the Army National Guard’s mission. If you’re passionate about helping others and making a difference in someone’s life, consider joining the National Guard. With hundreds of positions available in the medical field, including mental health specialists, you, too, can serve part-time in your home State, and take care of those who may need you the most. To see all current job opportunities, visit the job board or contact a recruiter to learn more today. From an original article by MSG Matt Hecht, New Jersey National Guard, which appeared in the news section of NationalGuard.mil in October 2019. This entry was posted in medical careers, National Guard, New Jersey Army National Guard, Serve the Community and tagged AMEDD, Army National Guard, Behavioral Health Specialist, medical careers, Mental Health, New Jersey National Guard by National Guard. Bookmark the permalink.

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Eating Disorders Physician Children's Mercy Kansas City Academic / Research The specialty Division of Adolescent Medicine at Children’s Mercy Kansas City is recruiting a board-certified physician with special interest, training and/or expertise in the evaluation and treatment of eating disorders to join our faculty within the Children’s Mercy Eating Disorders Center. The Eating Disorders Center was established in 2007. This dynamic multidisciplinary outpatient treatment team is comprised of clinical psychologists, child and adolescent psychiatrists, adolescent medicine physicians, advanced nurse practitioners, nutritionists specializing in eating disorders, family therapists, and a social worker dedicated to family education and outreach. Physicians with interest, experience and expertise in this area will find many clinical leadership, academic, and research opportunities here, leading a multidisciplinary team in pursuit of excellence in clinical care. The Eating Disorders Center delivers comprehensive outpatient eating disorders treatment for children, adolescents, and young adults with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and related eating concerns, and provides inpatient medical stabilization. The Division of Adolescent Medicine was established in 1975 and is a mainstay of care in our geographic region. Current providers bring a breadth of experience, from senior faculty to recent fellowship graduates. Our faculty consists of eight physicians, seven advanced nurse practitioners, full-time social work support, and dedicated, skilled nurses. The Division of Adolescent Medicine medically directs the Eating Disorders Center, provides adolescent specialty consultative care, and provides services to a myriad of community agencies, including a school-based clinic, homeless youth care, and a residential treatment facility. You will find a career at Children’s Mercy to be rewarding and supportive of your individual career path. We look forward to learning more about you and welcoming you to our team! For more information and consideration, please contact: William P. Adelman, MD, FAAP Division Director Adolescent Medicine wpadelman@cmh.edu Qualified candidates please submit curriculum vitae to physicianjobs@cmh.edu EEO Employer/Disabled/VET Employer will assist with relocation costs. Internal Number: 1 About Children's Mercy Kansas City Children’s Mercy is one of the nation’s top pediatric medical centers. The 367 bed, not-for-profit hospital is ranked by U.S. News & World Report as one of “America’s Best Children’s Hospitals”. For the fourth time in a row, Children’s Mercy has achieved Magnet nursing designation, which is awarded to fewer than 7 percent of all hospitals nationally. Its faculty of more than 750 pediatric subspecialist and researchers across more than 40 subspecialties are actively involved in clinical care, pediatric research, and educating the next generation of pediatric subspecialists. Our Equity and Diversity vision is to become a nationally recognized leader among children’s hospitals in providing culturally competent care and reducing healthcare disparities. Kansas City is a thriving cultural and economic city with more than 2.1 million residents in the metro area. Kansas City is home to a very supportive community of African Americans, who make up 12.5% of the KC area population, and Latinos/Hispanics, who make up 8.2. It is often referred to as “The Heart of America,” with a metropolitan area comprised of seven counties in Missouri and four in Kansas. Our city’s long list of attracti...ons includes world-class museums and entertainment from the World War 1 Museum, American Jazz Museum, Negro Leagues Baseball Museum, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kemper Museum, Missouri Repertory Theatre, and Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts, in addition to the city’s professional and college sports teams. Adolescent Medicine, Clinical Assistant Professor Palo Alto, California Stanford Pediatrics Division of Adolescent Medicine 4 Days Ago Adolescent Medicine in St. Petersburg, Florida St. Petersburg, Florida Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital 2 Weeks Ago Clinical Nurse Specialist Cambridge, Massachusetts Harvard University 5 Days Ago

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Justia › US Law › Case Law › Colorado Case Law › Colorado Court of Appeals Decisions › 1979 › People v. West Receive free daily summaries of new opinions from the Colorado Supreme Court. People v. West 603 P.2d 967 (1979) The PEOPLE of the State of Colorado, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Michael WEST, Defendant-Appellant. Colorado Court of Appeals. Rehearing Denied October 11, 1979. J. D. MacFarlane, Atty. Gen., Richard F. Hennessey, Deputy Atty. Gen., Edward G. Donovan, Sol. Gen., Nathan B. Coats, Asst. Atty. Gen., Denver, for plaintiff-appellee. J. Gregory Walta, Colorado State Public Defender, Bryan Morgan, Sp. State Public Defender, Denver, for defendant-appellant. PIERCE, Judge. Defendant, Michael West, appeals his conviction by a jury of possession of contraband in violation of § 18-8-204.1, C.R.S. 1973 (1978 Repl.Vol. 8). We affirm. Defendant was charged by information with the possession of a dangerous drug while confined at the Medium Security Unit of the Colorado State Penitentiary. The prosecution's evidence at trial established that marijuana was discovered on defendant during a routine spot check at Medium Security. The marijuana was in a prescription bottle which had on it a name other than defendant's. As a result of this discovery defendant was moved to the Maximum Security Unit. One of the officers who accompanied defendant to Maximum Security testified that two marijuana cigarettes were found on defendant in a "strip shake" performed upon defendant's arrival there. The officer *968 also testified that defendant was not out of his sight during the trip to Maximum Security and until he was searched. One of defendant's theories at trial was that the prosecution failed to establish that his confinement at the penitentiary was lawful. The mittimus committing defendant to the Colorado State Reformatory was introduced into evidence, and defendant alleged that his transfer to the penitentiary had not been effected in accordance with the applicable statute, § 27-1-105, C.R.S.1973 (repealed effective August 1, 1977, Colo.Sess. Laws 1977, ch. 223, § 37 at 955). See § 17-1-105, C.R.S.1973 (1978 Repl.Vol. 8). Defendant contends that the trial court committed reversible error in not instructing the jury on the lawfulness of his confinement at a detention facility as an essential element of possession of contraband. We find no error. Section 18-8-204.1(1), C.R.S.1973, (1978 Repl.Vol. 8), provides in pertinent part: "A person being confined in a detention facility commits the crime of possession of contraband if he knowingly obtains or has in his possession [a dangerous drug]." There is no express requirement that persons convicted under § 18-8-204.1 be lawfully confined. Legislative recognition of the distinction between confinement and lawful confinement is evident when the provisions of §§ 18-8-205 through 208 are compared with those of §§ 18-8-202 through 204.1, C.R.S.1973 (1978 Repl.Vol. 8). It is an established rule of statutory construction that the legislative intent is to be given effect whenever possible. People v. Stevens, 183 Colo. 399, 517 P.2d 1336 (1973). Here, the purpose of the statute was to control contraband in penal institutions. See People v. Stevens, supra. It is immaterial to the realization of that legislative purpose whether persons convicted under § 18-8-204.1, C.R.S.1973, are or are not lawfully confined within a detention facility. The critical fact to be established is that the accused person was confined as a prisoner in a detention facility. Applying these principles here, we conclude that the trial court properly rejected defendant's amendment to its instructions on the elements of the offense. Hence, there was no error. See Simms v. People, 174 Colo. 85, 482 P.2d 974 (1971). Relying upon Stull v. People, 140 Colo. 278, 344 P.2d 455 (1959), defendant also asserts that the trial court erred in not giving a limited purpose instruction for similar offenses in connection with the guard's testimony that marijuana was found on defendant upon his being transferred to Maximum Security following the discovery of the marijuana in his possession in Medium Security. This contention was not raised at trial nor in defendant's motion for new trial. He contends, however, that because he interposed a timely objection to the evidence, the failure of the trial court to instruct the jury sua sponte constituted plain error. We disagree. Even assuming that a Stull instruction was required, but see People v. Gladney, 194 Colo. 68, 570 P.2d 231 (1977), and People v. American Health Care, Inc., Colo.App., 591 P.2d 1343 (1979), the failure to give such an instruction is not plain error. People v. Mullins, 188 Colo. 23, 532 P.2d 733 (1975); Moreno v. People, 156 Colo. 503, 400 P.2d 899 (1965). Hence, we are precluded from considering the issue as a basis for reversal. Crim.P. 33; People v. Billington, 191 Colo. 323, 552 P.2d 500 (1976); see also Peterson v. People, supra. Defendant's reliance on Kostal v. People, 144 Colo. 505, 357 P.2d 70 (1960), for the proposition that plain error is committed under circumstances when evidence of similar transactions is admitted over objection is misplaced. In Kostal, the judgment of conviction was reversed because evidence of independent crimes had been erroneously admitted. Such is not the case here. People v. Gladney, supra. We have considered the other contentions raised by defendant and find them to be without merit. RULAND and BERMAN, JJ., concur.

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Top 10 Most Visited Websites in South Africa 2018 According to Alexa, – a website that provides web traffic data, global rankings, and other information on 30 million websites – Traffic ranking report, these are the 10 most visited local Web sites in South Africa according. Note: This is a list of the most visited local websites in South Africa 1. Takealot.com Takealot.com is the leading ecommerce retailer in South Africa and one of the largest, most innovative ecommerce retailers on the African continent. Takealot website is the most visited (local) website in South Africa, globally the website has a rank of 2,566. 2. Fnb.co.za Fnb.co.za is a commercial banking website that provides banking services to over 7.2 million customers from South Africa alone, who account for approximately 98% of all the site’s visitors. In addition, the site is visited by a large number of people who range from college students to mature adults, with a strike of balance in both genders. According to the report, the website has been globally ranked at position 2,128 and locally ranked at 7th position. 3. Gumtree.co.za Gumtree website has been ranked at position 8 in South Africa and position 2,160 globally. According to the report, 91.8% of those who visit the site are from South Africa, while 0.8% are from the US; 0.5% from Botswana, and 0.5% from Angola, the report also revealed that site visitors spend an average of 9:18 minutes on the Site. 4. Dstv.com Dstv is Africa’s satellite network and the fourth most visited site in South Africa. According to Alexa report, about 76.7% of those who visit the website are from South Africa, while 7.9% are from Nigeria, 5.1% from Angola, 1.9% Botswana and 1.5% from Kenya. Globally, the website has been ranked at position 1,706 and 10th position in South Africa. 5. Fakaza.com Facaza.com is a South African Entertainment Hub for downloading South African dongs and videos. According to Alexa, it is the fifth most visited site in south Africa, the site is globally ranked at position 2,989 and locally placed at 12th, position. Visitors spend an average of 5:09 minutes on the site. 6. News24.com News24.com is among the most visited online news resources in South Africa and the rest of Africa as well. Actually, the site has, for long, been providing a 24 hours news coverage for both local and international happenings, which makes it a reliable news resource in Africa. With its headquarters in Cape Town, the site has managed to secure a global ranking of 3,292 and is locally placed at 13th position. 7. Property24.co.za Property24 is South Africa’s number 1 property portal, the portal help people find their perfect homes. In addition, they also provide South Africa’s Real Estate Industry with an unparalleled brand-building and marketing platform, with powerful opportunities to connect with home-buyers and renters searching for property online. According to Alexa report, it is the 7th most visited local website in south Africa, about 94.4% of those who visit the website are actually from South Africa, while 1.0% are from the UK and 0.8 from the US. Globally, the website has been ranked at position 4,879 and 17th position in South Africa. 8. Absa.co.za Absa.co.za is a site that’s owned by one of the largest private and commercial bank in South Africa, ABSA. This bank offers a wide range of banking services, like internet banking, which accounts for the bulk of the site’s visits. According to Alexa, the site is globally ranked at position 6,139 and locally placed at 22nd, position. Visitors spend an average of 6:46 minutes surfing the site. 9. Standardbank.co.za Standardbank.co.za is the website that’s owned and operated by the standard bank of South Africa. Apparently, the website has been credited as the second most visited banking website in South Africa–second after fnb.co.za. According to Alexa report, about 94% of those who visit the website are from South Africa, while 0.7% are from France and 0.7 from the US. Globally, the website has been ranked at position 7,374 and 27th position in South Africa. Visitors spend an average of 5:03 minutes Daily on the Site. 10. Unisa.ac.za The University of South Africa is the 10th most visited local website in South Africa. According to Alexa report, about 83.9% of those who visit the website are from South Africa, while 2.1% are from Ethiopia and 2.1 from Angola , 1.3% from the US and 1.0% frim Nigeria. Globally, the website has been ranked at position 4936 and 28th position in South Africa. Visitors spend an average of 5:03 minutes Daily on the Site. Tags: south africa Previous Top 10 Best Universities in South Africa Next Nelson Mandela, Chinua Achebe, Chimamanda, Named in Barrack Obama’s 2018 Favourite Books List Top 30 Most Visited Websites in Nigeria (2019 Research) 1 month ago Uzonna Anele Burundi’s First Lady Releases Song Urging Men to Desist from Abusing Women Over Infertility 3 months ago Uzonna Anele

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E. Kurauskas For more than 400 years, students have studied at Vilnius University; for more than 400 years, professors have carried out their research here; and for more than 400 years, the first step ad astra has been taken from here to the stars of science, culture, philology and philosophy. Vilnius University was founded in 1579 by Jesuits and given a blessing by the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Stephen Báthory. The prosperous university had a printing house and lecturers who came from other Catholic universities in Western and Central Europe to give lectures that applied their teaching principles and intensive study programmes. Vilnius University’s Faculty of Theology was renowned in Europe for its modern ideas. Today, voices of students from all over the world can be heard amid the university’s walls, which are adorned with masterpieces of art and architecture – and it is a place where scientific developments and discoveries are made that startle the world. The architectural ensemble of Vilnius University situated in the Old Town houses the faculties of history, philology and philosophy. The ensemble’s numerous courtyards will tell you the whole story of the evolution of the architecture and its decoration, with the artistic forms of the buildings reflecting all the architectural styles that have predominated over time in Lithuania – namely, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and Classicism. How many courtyards are there? Be sure you don’t lose count when you try to add them up. A country of ideas and innovations Virginijus Šikšnys: part of the global science elite

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How Much Is Kelly Hoppen Net Worth? Facts About British Interior Designer Interior designer Kelly Hoppen is the founder of Kelly Hoppen Interiors and Studio Hoppen. She is one of the most celebrated interior designers in the world and an MBE (Member of the Order of the Britsh Empire) (inducted in 2009). The design pioneer has worked in TV shows such as Hell’s Kitchen (2009), Superior Interiors with Kelly Hoppen (2011), Dragons’ Den (2013-2015), and The Great Interior Design Challenge (2017). Along with TV works, she also teaches the trade of interior design in her institute, Kelly Hoppen Design School. Kelly’s Net Worth Having started her journey in interior designing at the age of 16, Kely has managed to amass an estimated net worth of around $65.14 million or £50 million, according to Express UK. Another Interior Designer:- Savannah James Net Worth, Career & Education of LeBron James' Wife In addition to earning the majority of her fortune through her art in furnishing, Kelly also earned a few additional bucks through the sale of her books; she has authored nine design books to date. Personal Life: Marriage & Divorce Kelly has been married twice in her life. Her first marriage was to Graham Corrett in 1982. During their time together, she had one kid, daughter Natasha Corrett, who is now a food writer and vegetarian chef. Kelly divorced Graham in 1989 due to personal reasons. In the same year, Kelly tied the knot with her second partner, Edwin Miller, a US banker. She didn’t have any kids of her own with Edwin but was a step-mother to his two daughters: actress Sienna Miller and fashion designer Savannah Miller. Kelly had her second divorce in 2003. After the split, the designer dated footballer Sol Campbell, TV presenter Jamie Theakston, and celebrity hairdresser Nicky Clarke, who cheated on her. Another Footballer:- Liverpool Star Andrew Robertson Dating Life, Meet His High School Girlfriend Ending an unsuccessful run of dating men, Kelly met John Gardiner in mid-2011. The two started dating in February 2012. Kelly Hoppen with partner John Gardiner (Photo: Getty) She even said that he was “the one” during an interview with Stella in November 2013. The couple has been together ever since. Facts And Interesting Info About Kelly Hoppen: Age, House Kelly was born on the 28th of July 1959 in Cape Town, South Africa. Kelly started interior design at the age of 16. She was given a chance to design a family friend’s kitchen, and this opportunity was the beginning of her journey in furnishing. She has designed homes, yachts, and even planes for her many VIP clients, which include David and Victoria Beckham, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Anthony Hopkins. The interior design mogul owns a house in London. Another property that she designed, Lansdowne House on Hampstead Lane, was on sale for $20.84 million in July 2017. Kelly is a supporter of small, private businesses. She is the ambassador of the UK’s GREAT campaign. She also works with UK Trade & Investment, where she mentors small and medium-sized establishments. #Interior Designer #Kelly Hoppen Interiors #John Gardiner #Graham Corrett #Edwin Miller

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Developing successful inclusion Sue Buckley (Abstract not available) Buckley, S. (2003) Developing successful inclusion. Down Syndrome News and Update, 3(1), 16-17. doi:10.3104/dsupdate.209 Inclusion in Italy Anna Contardi shares the Italian experience of developing successful inclusion over a period of 30 years and readers will be encouraged by her findings. Italy no longer has any special schools - all pupils are included within a single education system. Readers will have noted many similarities with the experience of inclusion in other countries, for example, in the factors that affect success, such as teacher training and teacher attitudes, and in outcomes, such as improved academic achievements, increased confidence and independence, and more positive attitudes to disability from peers and the wider community. Readers will also note that in Italy, smaller class size is one of the accommodations made to support children with disabilities, and class sizes remain smaller than is usually the case in the UK and many other countries. Smaller class sizes are likely to benefit all children and teachers in many countries would welcome class sizes of 25 or less, as described in Italy. There is much to be learned by sharing information between countries and during the last year, we have published articles on inclusion from New Zealand, Holland, the UK and Italy. We would welcome the experiences of those working in inclusive education settings in other countries. If any readers share the view that inclusion is a human rights issue and requires the closure of all special schools, they may be interested in a recent publication from Center for Studies on Inclusive Education entitled Social and Educational Justice: the human rights framework for inclusion by Sharon Rustmeier, which sets out the arguments in support of this position. Education Support Pack The Down's Syndrome Association in London has just published an Education Support Pack for mainstream primary and secondary schools, produced by a team of authors and edited by Stephanie Lorenz and Eric Nicolas. It is available to read or to download free on their website or it can be ordered for £15.00 per copy from their office: Down's Syndrome Association, Langdon Down Center, 2a Langdon Park, Teddington TW11 9PS, UK. E-mail: info@downs-syndrome.org.uk website: www.downs-syndrome.org.uk The pack is written primarily for teachers in England and Wales and it assumes that children will be included in the way that is most common in the UK - in an age-appropriate class with a learning support assistant - and that they will be following the UK National Curriculum (different in Scotland). However, much of the advice could still apply to successful planning in other countries. The pack is divided into 10 units covering basic information on Down syndrome, strategies for inclusion, language, literacy, numeracy, differentiating the curriculum, behavior and social skills, successful transitions through the school system, alternative accredited courses at secondary Key Stage 4 and computers as an aid to learning. Each unit is in note form, giving lists of key points, principles and practical tips. Teachers and support assistants will find many of the key points helpful but in some places, the lists of 'do's' and 'don'ts' are a little dogmatic or prescriptive and in need of further elaboration or explanation. The abilities, personalities, and needs of individual children with Down syndrome vary very widely and it is difficult to give advice that is right for every child in this way. The units on the curriculum do present many clear and helpful key points, but contain no indications of expected levels of work or the variability in rates of progress of individual children. The curriculum units will give teachers some guidelines to get started in each curricular area but they will then need more detailed guidance, for example, on how to progress literacy and numeracy, and some references to further reading are supplied at the end of each unit. The most useful and positive units are those on effective strategies for inclusion, reading, transitions, alternative accreditations and computers. Some of the units are problem orientated and focus on listing differences and difficulties. Teachers do need to know about the additional needs of our children but the style gives a somewhat negative overall view of children with Down syndrome. This could have been balanced by listing the similarities - the many ways in which children with Down syndrome are like other pupils - and by listing their strengths more clearly. For example, the diagrammatic representation of the learning profile of children with Down syndrome in Unit 4 section c) is all negative and, as a parent, I found it difficult to take. It would not have given a fair picture of my daughter as a person or as a learner, even though she has all those difficulties - and it might give a teacher a very depressing view of the challenge of having a child with Down syndrome in their class. Similarly, Unit 7 on behavior and social skills starts straight into key points on inappropriate behaviors as though these are to be expected from all children with Down syndrome. The unit would have been more positive if the sections on social inclusion and friendships had come first and it had included some points highlighting the social strengths and appropriate behavior of most children with Down syndrome. Some vignettes describing the progress of real children and some photographs in schools would have lightened the messages throughout the publication. In summary, schools will find many useful pointers in this pack but should not see it as a comprehensive guide to the development, education and successful inclusion of children with Down syndrome but rather as a starting point for gathering information. Whole school development for inclusion The Center for Studies on Inclusive Education has recently published a new edition of its Index for Inclusion. It can be purchased from CSIE for £24.50: CSIE, New Redland, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QU, UK. Tel: 0117 344 4007 website: www.inclusion.org.uk and www.csie.org.uk This is a set of materials designed to support schools in assessing their current 'inclusiveness' and to identify ways in which they can move forward. The Index aims to encourage schools to see that inclusiveness is what all schools should aspire to. It is about reducing barriers to learning and participation for all pupils in the school community. The Index provides guidelines for a school to begin to review and address its culture and practices, and the way it functions as an inclusive and supportive community for all its members, both staff and students. The body of the publication is designed to help schools through this process and set goals for change. In the Index are a number of questionnaires which will help teachers, governors and parents consider the inclusivity of the school and pinpoint issues to focus on to create positive change. The Index for Inclusion is already being used in many countries and translations into Arabic, Chinese, Finnish, French, German, Hindi, Hungarian, Maltese, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish and Swedish are prepared or in progress. CSIE also publishes a range of other material on issues around inclusion and information about these and about their work can be found on their website at www.inclusion.org.uk and www.csie.org.uk Other inclusion resources for teachers on the web The Prep Programme in Calgary, Canada, has many years experience in supporting the inclusion of children with Down syndrome in mainstream schools and their 107 page publication for teachers entitled Effective teaching strategies for successful inclusion is accessible on-line for a fee of $20 Can - about £10 sterling - at their website www.prepprog.org . A printed copy can be purchased on-line for the same amount plus postage. The text of books on language and literacy, memory and meeting educational needs, no longer in print but still current in content, can be found, along with many relevant articles, on Down Syndrome Education International's information website at https://www.down-syndrome.org/ https://library.down-syndrome.org/en-us/news-update/03/1/developing-successful-inclusion/

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auction: four hours with the creators of Penny Arcade. Yes, we had a grand tour of the office, and got to hang out and play games with Mike and Jerry, not to mention Robert, Kiko, Porkfry, and all the rest of the office staff. It was a blast! I played some Dominion-like game which uses tokens (like wooden poker chips) instead of cards with Jerry, Kiko, and my brother; lost twice, but had fun doing it. Was blown away by some of the goings on, much of which is sadly covered by NDA; a real shame, because there are some serious projects in the works! AND, as prophesied, yesterday was the re-release of Betrayal at House on the Hill. I have my copy, yesiree. This game was originally released on 2004, to a complete lack of critical acclaim (largely due to entirely inept marketing), and languished on the shelves. It also had *lots* of problems; it was basically unplayable without access to the extensive set of errata. But it is AMAZING! And its awesomeness slowly spread by word-of-mouth. But being out of print, it was extremely hard to find, with used copies going for over $100 on eBay. Nearly a year ago, Wizards (nee Hasbro) finally announced the remake. Of course, they could have easily screwed this up; the original was very high quality in a number of ways. Fortunately, it looks like they didn't! They fixed all the problems, added a few new things, and left the rest alone! YAY for corporate restraint! I can't wait to play it. I might have time in a few weeks...", "url": "https://ljtourist.livejournal.com/87587.html", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://l-stat.livejournal.net/img/sign.png" }, "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Frank", "image": "https://l-userpic.livejournal.com/63293776/9349709" }, "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Journal ljtourist", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://ljtourist.livejournal.com", "contentUrl": "https://l-userpic.livejournal.com/43882083/9349709" } } } Mood: hopeful Home stretch The ProjectFromHell is nearly, nearly complete. Well, my bits of it are, anyway. The internal library I'm using is still giving spurious, bizarre errors, and the people I'm handing it off to still have some serious unanswered questions, but my part is 95% done, and the last bits should be done this week. I get my weekends back (actually, I had last weekend back), and I'm starting to get the rest of my life back. Fucking yay. In even more joyful news, Monday of this week was over 9000 kinds of awesome, because my brother and I finally got to redeem our purchase at last year's Child's Play auction: four hours with the creators of Penny Arcade. Yes, we had a grand tour of the office, and got to hang out and play games with Mike and Jerry, not to mention Robert, Kiko, Porkfry, and all the rest of the office staff. It was a blast! I played some Dominion-like game which uses tokens (like wooden poker chips) instead of cards with Jerry, Kiko, and my brother; lost twice, but had fun doing it. Was blown away by some of the goings on, much of which is sadly covered by NDA; a real shame, because there are some serious projects in the works! AND, as prophesied, yesterday was the re-release of Betrayal at House on the Hill. I have my copy, yesiree. This game was originally released on 2004, to a complete lack of critical acclaim (largely due to entirely inept marketing), and languished on the shelves. It also had *lots* of problems; it was basically unplayable without access to the extensive set of errata. But it is AMAZING! And its awesomeness slowly spread by word-of-mouth. But being out of print, it was extremely hard to find, with used copies going for over $100 on eBay. Nearly a year ago, Wizards (nee Hasbro) finally announced the remake. Of course, they could have easily screwed this up; the original was very high quality in a number of ways. Fortunately, it looks like they didn't! They fixed all the problems, added a few new things, and left the rest alone! YAY for corporate restraint! I can't wait to play it. I might have time in a few weeks...

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Twelve days to go! October 10, 2015 Louise Taylor Leave a comment Only twelve days until my second book comes out! Spanking Miss Sophia will be available on the 22nd October from Blushing Books Publications​ on their website, Amazon.com and Amazon.co.uk! The Duke of Dorset is having a very bad day. One moment he is enjoying life as a single man in possession of the most beautiful mistress in London, and in the next he finds that he has inherited the guardianship of two orphaned cousins, daughters of his black-sheep uncle, the Earl of Shrewsbury. These very young, very troublesome country cousins arrive as a package deal, along with their older half-sister, Miss Sophia Preston. She is a feisty, opinionated young woman of marriageable age, a stepdaughter to the deceased earl, in fact, who is determined to return her family to the countryside where they belong. Sparks fly as Miss Sophia clashes not only with the duke, a thirty-year-old confirmed bachelor, but also with the duke’s mother, a grande dame in London society. The duchess has little patience with two small, difficult and noisy girls, and even less with their unrefined and yet outspoken country mouse of a half-sister. Still, all the heat and friction produced amongst those three is nothing compared to the firestorm that ensues when the duke’s mistress, a courtesan of the very highest rank and quite full of herself, discovers that the duke is beginning to see Miss Sophia in an entirely different and quite romantic light!

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Posted by Laura Swain, 9th September 2019, 13:57pm Co-commissioned by Lincoln Performing Arts Centre for Frequency Festival 2017, Solo was first performed at The Blue Room at The Lawn, Lincoln and has since toured to other intimate, non-theatre spaces. We’re delighted to welcome back this mini-theatrical gem for PopOut in the historic setting of St. Mary le Wigford Church. In this interview Michael Pinchbeck and Ollie Smith share their influences behind the creation of the piece. Tell us about you – who are you and what do you do? We’re solo artists who have been collaborating together on theatre and performance projects for around a decade. The first piece we made was a two-hander called The End – and it became one part of a body of work called The Trilogy, along with The Beginning and The Middle. We try to find new and unusual ways of creating audience experiences, often with the audience themselves at the centre. We are also interested in the role of music in telling a story. What inspired you to make this show? After The Trilogy we made a second triptych of shows inspired by three musical compositions by Maurice Ravel and their connections to war. The first show Bolero was about the creation of Ravel’s most famous work, and the legacy left after Torvill and Dean danced to it at the 1984 Winter Olympics. This timeline was played in tandem with the history of conflict in the city of Sarajevo, where the Olympics took place. Sarajevo was the location of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the catalyst for the beginning of the First World War, and the city was besieged in the 1990s when the Olympic stadium was bombed. Concerto was about the ‘Piano Concerto for the Left Hand’ and how Ravel’s role in the First World War affected its creation. Solo is about the jazz-infused ‘Tzigane’ and how a virtuoso violinist called Jelly D’Aranyi was given just days to learn what Ravel himself thought was practically unplayable. What makes the piece different to other performances people might have experienced? This performance is for just two people at a time, so it’s a very gentle and intimate experience. You and a friend will both be given headphones and through these you will hear the story of ‘Tzigane’. You’ll then be guided around the performance space by Michael and Ollie who will help bring the words you’re hearing to life through physical and visual storytelling. Are there any important themes or moments we should look out for? Participants should watch one another as they listen to the story. Visual moments have been carefully timed to sync up with the words and music you’ll be listening to. The projections on the walls also add imagery and context to the story – places and portraits – so keep an eye on them too. We visit Ravel’s garden outside Paris, a restaurant in Soho where the two protagonists met and the Aeolian Hall in London where the piece of music was premiered. What drew you to the immersive experience rather than more traditional storytelling modes? We thought that anyone can read up on the history of a piece of music, but it’s quite different to try to imagine what it might feel like to be one of the key figures and experience sounds and images as if you were those people involved in the story. That idea was our starting point for making Solo. We have also been involved in site-specific and one-to-one performances in cars, on park benches and on Roman Walls which we also consider an immersive experience. For those that experienced it – how is Solo different to Concerto? Solo is much more hands-on. Audience members will be immersed in the action and will walk around the performance space, focussing on different images, interactions and ideas from moment to moment. However both pieces are similar in that they explore a piece of music by Ravel – Solo lasts as long as the music that inspired it. How will it make audiences feel? Past audience have described it as very warm and tender, and they enjoyed experiencing something that focussed solely on them. For anyone who feels wary about audience interaction, it’s not in the slightest bit scary! It might make them feel a little bit sad, as some of the story is about being alone and how both Ravel and D’Aranyi found solace in this piece of music and the act of writing or playing it. It might make them feel like they are in the story. What are you working on next? Next we are making a piece inspired by John Berger’s photodocumentary book A Seventh Man (1972). It is looking at migration and it will also have an unusual approach to its staging so watch this space!

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SydneyEnterprise Success Story Advancing Knowledge, Understanding, and Meaning The Masonic Library and Museum of Pennsylvania houses thousands of texts and artifacts relating to the history of the Fraternity in the Commonwealth and the founding of the United States of America. “We value Lucidea’s long history serving special libraries, with solutions specifically designed to support library workflow and requirements. As their ILS has developed, it’s gone from good, to better, to best!” GLENYS A. WALDMAN CATHY GIAIMO Assistant Librarian The Masonic Library and Museum of Pennsylvania Masonic Temple Library and Museum Challenges, SydneyEnterprise Solutions Purpose-built for special libraries Public facing catalog for members and academic researchers Easy to use, intuitive Cost effective; vendor hosting eliminates dependence on the IT department The Masonic Temple in Philadelphia was constructed in 1873 and has been called one of the great wonders of the Masonic world. Located within the Temple is the Masonic Library and Museum of Pennsylvania, which houses thousands of texts and artifacts relating to the history of the Fraternity in the Commonwealth and the founding of the United States of America. The Library, founded in 1817, is considered to have one of the finest collections for the study of Freemasonry. The importance of collecting and cataloging seminal works in the history of Freemasonry has remained a focus of the institution since its inception. Housed within the stacks are over 75,000 print volumes as well as various multimedia resources. The Library remains a resource for members and academics alike, providing research and lending services in an effort to advance knowledge and understanding of the Fraternity, its meanings, and its place in history. The Library lends only a tiny fraction of its collection to members. It functions as a research library, so users come in to request assistance and to enjoy the many interesting, rare and unique resources at the disposal of the 150,000 members in Pennsylvania, as well as being accessible to researchers, mostly from universities outside the state. One of the Library’s prize possessions is an incunabulum (a book printed before 1501), this one produced in Basel, Switzerland in 1489. It is really two books bound together, one by St. Augustine on the Trinity, and the other by Robert Holkot on the Apocryphal Book, The Wisdom of Solomon. In addition, they have a profusely illustrated Kupfer-Bibel printed in 1731. The Museum collection houses many objects of note, including Benjamin Franklin’s sash, one of his printing blocks, and his calling card. They also have several of George Washington’s letters, and one of his Masonic aprons. Interesting, as well, are their materials related to the science of cosmography, including early 17th century engravings of maps covering various cities in Europe. Ms. Waldman and Ms. Giaimo were comfortable with moving to SydneyEnterprise given its longevity in the sector and its many long-term clients, and they have high praise for Lucidea’s client services and technical support teams, who are “easy to reach, easy to talk to, never make you feel foolish for asking a question, and don’t use a lot of technical jargon.” Per Ms. Waldman and Ms. Giaimo, their migration to SydneyEnterprise went very smoothly, with regularly scheduled meetings, good communication, and the magic of overnight updating. The decision to leverage Lucidea’s software-as-a-service (SaaS) solution was an easy one; it is more cost effective than self-hosting, and they no longer need to depend on the IT department, which is centralized at the Masonic Village halfway across the state. “[Lucidea's client services and technical support teams are] easy to reach, easy to talk to, never make you feel foolish for asking a question, and don't use a lot of technical jargon” Efficient, Effective, Enhanced SydneyEnterprise offers real time savings. Academics are much happier because they can go to the online catalog and quickly figure out if it’s worth their time to come in to the Library. In the past, Library staff members would photocopy relevant catalog cards, fold up the paper and put it in an envelope to be mailed out to inquiring researchers, or they would spend a long time on the phone describing what was available on specific topics. Staff workflow is much improved with SydneyEnterprise, especially because the system is easy to use, easy to read onscreen, and when mistakes are found, they are “very easy to fix, without retyping a catalog card.” With just two Library staff, operating efficiency is critical. The Temple’s members enjoy many of the features embedded in the new SydneyEnterprise OPAC, including the hovers and the pop-ups, and the OPAC makes it much easier for them to request materials. With the enhanced access enabled by SydneyEnterprise (such as being able to look at scanned images in the OPAC), researchers and members are discovering things they never knew were in the collection—raising the Library’s visibility, and giving Ms. Waldman and Ms. Giaimo the incentive to keep going with cataloging additional resources. “[SydneyEnterprise] makes it very easy to fix mistakes, without retyping a catolog card.” “An Investment in Knowledge Pays the Best Interest” — Ben Franklin Per Ms. Waldman, now that the Library’s holdings are cataloged, they are in the process of cataloging the manuscript collection, and hope to get even more of the Museum’s objects and artifacts into SydneyEnterprise over time. She says that their “big dream” is to type in “Ben Franklin,” for example, and retrieve everything related to his life and work that is housed in the combined Library and Museum collections. With SydneyEnterprise, that dream will soon become a reality. Download the PDF Version More SydneyEnterprise Success Stories SydneyEnterprise Success Stories Lucidea Releasing Argus Mobile, Museum Collections Management iOS App Argus Mobile is a free iOS museum collections management companion app, available in the Apple App Store for iPads, iPhones, and the iPod touch Request a SydneyEnterprise Demo

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Who is Chris? Why The Lutheran Zephyr? Fine Print Disclaimer The Lutheran Zephyr A light Lutheran wind; or, a way to cast out the devil. Posted on August 20 by Lutheran Zephyr For many Christians, the word “sanctuary” refers to the space in which they gather for worship. It’s a holy space, set apart for the radical, intimate encounter we have with our Lord when his Word is proclaimed and his Sacraments are shared with God’s people. Parroquia San Germán de Auxerre, San Germán, Puerto Rico A sanctuary is where God’s promise is revealed to us most clearly. A sanctuary can be a centuries-old Gothic cathedral, a simple church building built ten years ago, a living room, or the hood of a humvee for Soldiers deployed overseas. If God’s promises are proclaimed there, that space becomes a sanctuary – a place of holy encounter with God. Some Christians, citing 1 Corinthians 6:19-20, emphasize that our bodies and our lives are a sanctuary. A popular praise song intones, “Lord prepare me to be a sanctuary, pure and holy, tried and true.” I first sang these words at a church camp I attended as a young adult. Perhaps you’ve sung this tune at camp or at worship. “With thanksgiving I’ll be a living sanctuary for you.” What does it mean to be a living sanctuary, pure and holy, tried and true? We often connect these ideas to worship, devotion, and prayer; and, often, to how one behaves in their interpersonal relationships. If we listen to the prophets, we hear in their cry that worship and sacrifice is nothing but vacant, blathering words without actions that honor God by caring for people who suffer. In Isaiah 5 we hear the prophet sing a love song about God’s tender care for his people. Isaiah uses the metaphor of a vineyard for God’s chosen people, and describes how God tilled the ground, built the watchtower, and cared for the vineyard that is his people. Yet despite all of the care that God has given the vineyard, it yielded rotten grapes rather than an abundant harvest of good grapes. The prophet laments that God’s possession had failed, and thus speaks God’s promises to destroy the vineyard. But just a verse later the voice shifts from judgment back to lament. You can hear the prophet’s sorrow and weary disappointment in these words: “The vineyard of the Lord of heavenly forces is the house of Israel, and the people of Judah are the plantings in which God delighted. God expected justice, but there was bloodshed; righteousness, but there was a cry of distress!” God expected justice, but there was bloodshed. Earlier in Isaiah (chapter 1, verses 10-17), the prophet puts an even finer point on it: Hear the Lord’s word, you leaders of Sodom. Listen to our God’s teaching, people of Gomorrah! What should I think about all your sacrifices? says the Lord. I’m fed up with entirely burned offerings of rams and the fat of well-fed beasts. I don’t want the blood of bulls, lambs, and goats. When you come to appear before me, who asked this from you, this trampling of my temple’s courts? Stop bringing worthless offerings. Your incense repulses me. New moon, sabbath, and the calling of an assembly— I can’t stand wickedness with celebration! I hate your new moons and your festivals. They’ve become a burden that I’m tired of bearing. When you extend your hands, I’ll hide my eyes from you. Even when you pray for a long time, I won’t listen. Your hands are stained with blood. Wash! Be clean! Remove your ugly deeds from my sight. Put an end to such evil; learn to do good. Seek justice: help the oppressed; defend the orphan; plead for the widow. The prophet here quite literally calls out the prayers and sacrifices that take place in the temple – in the sanctuary – as inadequate without the accompanying works of justice. That work is clearly defined as helping the oppressed, defending the orphan, and pleading for the widow (vs 17). It is not enough to pray when your hands are stained with blood and your lives betray the grace that has been given to you. Words are not enough in the face of human suffering. Saint James tells us that words of faith aren’t worth a hill of beans without faithful action (James 2). Christians are called to action that flows from faith in the One who defied how things are done in this world, and calls us to follow him in a life of faithful defiance. Our Lord defied death and rose from the grave. He defied illness by healing the sick and raising the dead. Jesus defied hunger and oppression by filling the famished with good things, and by including those whom society excluded. Our Savior’s words were defiant against those in authority, and generous for those who suffered. As followers of this defiant Prince, we are called to lives that reflect the values not of this kingdom but of the coming Kingdom of God. As citizens with the saints (Ephesians 2:19), our priorities come not from man but from God (Acts 5:59). Perhaps this is what sanctuary looks like. Pure and holy, tried and true, any who seek to be a living sanctuary for our Lord do so by feeding the hungry, sheltering the homeless, welcoming the outsider, healing the sick, comforting the downtrodden, and defying the forces that degrade human dignity. That’s sanctuary. My church – the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America – recently declared itself to be a sanctuary church at its triennial Churchwide Assembly. In this case, the term refers to the historic practice of churches being places where fugitives could find safe haven from apprehension. Offering “sanctuary” has been a ministry of the church since medieval days. In our own country churches have extended sanctuary as part of the Underground Railroad sheltering African Americans fleeing (legal) slavery, and defying northern laws requiring the capture and return of escaped slaves. More recently, congregations opened their doors to Central American refugees fleeing civil wars and political persecution in the 1980s. This calling to be a place for fugitives – from the Latin fugitīvus, fleeing – places the church in a unique position in society. Called neither to be beholden to the shifting opinion polls of society, nor to be a tool of governing authorities, the church fixes its gaze on the vulnerable who flee unfathomable horrors and it seeks to offer its balm in obedience to God’s command to care for people who suffer. More than many churches, the Lutheran Church in the United States has a long history of welcoming immigrants and refugees. As an immigrant church whose faith and practice came to this land from Northern and Western Europe, North American Lutherans had for generations reached across the Atlantic to help their families and coreligionists make their own journey of faith to a new land. After World War I, Lutherans began organizing to support refugees fleeing war in their ancestral homelands. Their work expanded with the massive refugee crisis spurred by World War II. Throughout the 20th century – from Cuba to Vietnam, Hungary to Uganda, Central America to the Balkans – Lutherans partnered with the federal government to resettle refugees and help them find a welcome home in the United States of America. Care for the immigrant is, at its core, a practice of faith. Besides all of the examples of Jesus calling us to care for “the least of these” (see Matthew 25:31-46, among others), the Hebrew Bible is filled with exhortations by God to his chosen people Israel to honor immigrants and strangers, “because you were once immigrants in the land of Egypt.” Any immigrant who lives with you must be treated as if they were one of your citizens. You must love them as yourself, because you were immigrants in the land of Egypt; I am the Lord your God. – Leviticus 19:34 This construction – “because you were immigrants in the land of Egypt” – shows up at least five times in Exodus, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy, extolling the Israelites to treat the immigrants as one of their own. Leviticus 17:8 and 10 call for the equal punishment of Jew and immigrant if they bring the sacrifice before the Lord in an unworthy or unholy manner. Deuteronomy 10:18 tells us that the Lord “loves immigrants,” and Deuteronomy 24:14-15, 17-18 call for the Israelites to protect fair pay and legal rights for immigrants. In Leviticus 25:23, the LORD even tells the Israelites that they, too, are immigrants. “You are just immigrants and foreign guests of mine.” What does it mean that the ELCA has declared itself a “sanctuary church”? The details are still being worked out, but at its core the declaration by the Churchwide Assembly is an affirmation of our church’s longstanding commitment to welcoming the immigrant and refugee as an expression of our faith in Jesus Christ. More, it is an affirmation of our church’s 2016 AMMPARO mission strategy of accompanying and supporting migrant children and their families with legal, humanitarian, and advocacy support; and, of working with partners in the United States and in Central America to understand and advocate for resolutions to the systemic violence and poverty that prompts so many families to risk everything to leave their homes in the first place. Does “sanctuary church” = “sanctuary city”? The sanctuary that our church offers is not the same kind of sanctuary that some “sanctuary cities” are offering – namely, a refusal by local and/or state law enforcement agencies to partner with federal agencies to enforce federal immigration laws. Making the comparison between “sanctuary cities” and our “sanctuary church” is nonsensical – the church in this country never has been, and never will be, a governing body nor a law enforcement agency. Our church simply does not interface with the federal government in the same way that cities and states do. The call by our Churchwide Assembly declaring the ELCA a sanctuary church is not a call to break laws, but instead is an invitation for agencies, congregations, and members of the church to care for the immigrant with steadfast faith, love, and sacrifice. It is true that some congregations might welcome undocumented immigrants, house them in church buildings, and provide legal aid. Others will provide financial and in-kind support to relief efforts along both sides of the US-Mexican border. Others will advocate for changes in immigration policy or funding for refugee resettlement. And yet others will commit themselves to prayer for families fleeing violence and poverty, and for leaders in the United States and in Central America whose words and deeds will have significant impact on the welfare of millions of people for years to come. The Lutheran Church’s commitment to welcoming the immigrant and refugee predates the current global migrant crisis. Our commitment to the immigrant and the refugee is born out of our own experience as an immigrant church, and is rooted in the command of God and example of our Lord Jesus Christ to care for the outsider and seek the welfare of our neighbor in need. Posted on July 3 by Lutheran Zephyr There’s a great song by the Soup Dragons that celebrates, with a great beat and bravado, that “I’m free to do what I want, any ol’ time.” This is the ideal in our society’s mind’s eye – we are free to choose what we want, to live how we want, to say what we want, and to believe what we want. Freedom! And to an extent, this is what the American system is designed to do. The Constitution of the United States limits the power of the federal government to restrict individual liberties, providing for a great deal of personal freedom for everyone who lives in the shadow of the American flag. Exercise your liberties. You’re free to do what you want, any ol’ time. But for we who also live at the foot of the cross and the opening to the empty grave, there’s more. Saint Paul writes that “You have been called to freedom, brothers and sisters; only don’t let this freedom be an opportunity to indulge your selfish impulses, but serve each other through love” (Galatians 5:13). We live not for ourselves, but for others. We are free not for our own sake, but for the sake of others. Elsewhere Paul writes that Christians are called to “look not to your own interests, but to the interests of others” (Philippians 2:4). Jesus teaches us to love our neighbor as ourselves (Matthew 22:39, quoting Leviticus 19:18), pray for our enemies (Matthew 5:44), deny ourselves (Luke 9:23), and give for the sake of others (Luke 18:22). Central to the Christian faith is the call to serve our neighbors. This Independence Day I encourage us not only to celebrate freedom, but to use our freedom for the sake of others. For indeed, freedom kept just for one’s own use is as useless as a light kept under a bushel (Matthew 5:14-16). (Top image: John Trumbull, 1820, oil on canvas. The original hangs in the rotunda of the US Capitol – http://www.aoc.gov/cc/photo-gallery/ptgs_rotunda.cfm, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1379717) EVERYTHING WILL BE GIVEN!!! Posted on September 13, 2018 by Lutheran Zephyr Seen today: disses my beloved East Coast, but whatever. a Pew Research Center study showed that only about 17% of Americans attend religious services on a weekly basis; thus, most Colts fans aren’t rushing home from church to watch the game. if they were rushing home from church where the Gospel of grace was proclaimed, and the free gift of our Lord’s presence was shared, Colts fans would bristle at the false Gospel that EVERYTHING WILL BE EARNED. Instead, they’d clamor that EVERYTHING WILL BE GIVEN!!! Believing with all their heart that EVERYTHING WILL BE GIVEN, these fans would live in the EVERYTHING WILL BE EARNED world with a transforming dissatisfaction seeking to reshape the world according to the promises of God’s capacity to give rather than our capacity to earn. It’s a t-shirt. But, it’s a little more than that, too. Playing the Wall Street Victim In her widely shared “Two Views of Pope Francis” Ms Noonan unnecessarily condescends the Pope and his economics, and regrettably plays the Wall Street victim to the Pope’s cautions about capitalism. Ms Noonan’s experience with capitalism is legitimate, from her vaunted perch as a presidential speech writer and Wall Street Journal columnist. She has lived and worked at the center of American political and economic power, and she fervently believes in the free market’s power to unleash human potential, create wealth, and contribute to the common good. Her experience is legitimate. But so too is Pope Francis’ experience. He has ministered in the slums of Buenos Aires, at the tip of a continent whose politics and economics is covered with American fingerprints – political, military, and economic. He has seen the worst of capitalism’s imbalance, mixed with corruption and imperialism, and he rightfully has his concerns about capitalism – particularly its underside. Instead of condescending the Pope as someone who, “doesn’t, actually, seem to know a lot about capitalism or markets, or even what economic freedom has given—and is giving—his own church,” Ms Noonan could perhaps consider as valid the Pope’s perspective as one who has lived on the other side of the world’s economy, and refrain from playing the victim of an otherwise powerless spokesman who speaks truth about the poor. Please read her article (linked, below). It reflects Ms Noonan’s faith and affection for the Pope, and her deep commitment to the free market. But ultimately I find her commentary flawed in its failure to see the legitimacy of another perspective of the global economy, one deeply rooted in personal experience and in longstanding church teaching. If All Lives Mattered, There Wouldn’t Be #BlackLivesMatter Posted on September 3, 2015 by Lutheran Zephyr If All Lives Matter in our society, there wouldn’t be such disparate experiences of violence or of poverty along racial lines. Yet an examination of crime statistics, of poverty statistics, of education statistics, of employment statistics and so forth, shows that clearly our society does not act as if All Lives Matter … or, at least, do not matter as much as other lives. “Black Lives Matter” is a necessary mantra, no matter how imperfect those who chant this slogan. Black Americans are disproportionately the victims of violence, of an imbalanced justice system, and of all kinds of social and economic struggles, of a direct and evil legacy of slavery and of Jim Crow and of all the ways that racism has manifested itself in our society. “Black Lives Matter” shakes us from our resignation to, and tacit acceptance of, a broken society that lets such disproportionate violence and suffering happen to one group of people … for generation upon generation. “Black Lives Matter” reminds us that we cannot accept a society where one class, one group of people struggle so. much. more. than others. “Black Lives Matter” calls us on the fact that, as a society, we have conducted our affairs as if Black Lives Do Not Matter … or at least, do not matter as much as other lives (3/5ths, perhaps?). Black Lives – lives which our society has too often disregarded and devalued – Matter. Why is such a statement so divisive? Perhaps because we don’t want to face our own racism, past and present. “Blacks Lives Matter” says just that. Black lives matter. It does not say that other lives do not matter. It does not say that Black Lives Matter more. No. It just says that Black Lives Matter. Period. And this is a truth that our society seems to have forgotten … or perhaps never quite knew in the first place. “Black Lives Matter” may be an imperfect movement (show me a “perfect” movement, please). But it is an important truth. If we are to be a society of liberty and justice, a society that some claim is Christian, we will embrace a slogan that lifts up the value and dignity of those that our society has historically devalued, and we will demand liberty and justice for those to whom it has been delayed and denied. “Black Lives Matter.” It needs to be said in a society that too often has conducted its affairs as if Black Lives Do Not Matter. Even if Especially because it is hard to hear. Jesus Grieves: The Cross at Half Staff Posted on July 24, 2015 by Lutheran Zephyr I drove past a church today that has two flag poles on its property – one for the American Flag, and one for the Christian Flag. They were both flying at half staff in an act of public mourning for the victims of the Chattanooga shooting. Now, I find the Christian Flag to be somewhere between silly and heretical. Flags are emblems of nation states, signs of a government’s authority over territory and people. Christianity is not a nation state and it needs no flag. Our Lord Jesus rejected efforts to give him the kind of authority that a flag represents. Christianity’s symbol is a cross on which our Lord found victory through death (not conquest), and power through weakness (not might). On that cross, our Lord bid us to do the same. To that end, I find the impulse to slap a cross on a political symbol to be odd, at the least. Nonetheless, the Christian Flag gave me a different kind of pause today, as it flew at half staff. I am accustomed to seeing the American flag flown in such a manner, a sign that calls us to public mourning. But to see the cross similarly flown, well, that struck me. It reminded me that Jesus grieves. Our Lord grieves at the senseless death of any of his children. Our Lord grieves at the sin that grips our nation and world. Our Lord grieves when the demons of anger or sickness or passion or evil possess any of his children and lead them to take the life of another. Yes, our Lord grieves at the brokenness of our world – a world that produces enough food to feed all people, but does not have the will to do so. Our Lord grieves at all the -isms which, coupled with the power of majority rule or government mandate or social acceptance, keeps people from realizing the fullness of their promise in God. Our Lord grieves, because our Lord loves. I’m no fan of the Christian Flag, but on this day I am grateful for its humble flight at half staff that recalled for me the grieving Lord of love who is present with us in our sorrows and sufferings, and who shows us a better way. Mormon Bashing Posted on July 8, 2015 by Lutheran Zephyr “‘All things are lawful,'” but not all things are beneficial. ‘All things are lawful,’ but not all things build up.” – 1 Corinthians 10:23 This week The Current in Westfield and The Current in Carmel included a 12-page “advertising supplement” entitled “Non-Mormon Temple Visitors Guide.” In this “guide” provided by Tri-Grace Ministries of Ephraim, Utah, you’ll read all kinds of claims about the Mormon faith written by non-Mormons and by people who claim to be former Mormons. Twice on the first page this “guide” refers to Mormon teaching as “deception.” I’ll go out on a limb and suggest that this is not an entirely fair “guide.” This guide may be sincerely written by people of faith, but it is harmful to our community and particularly to our Mormon friends and neighbors. It is entirely lawful for The Current to run this “advertising supplement.” The First Amendment protects and guarantees their free speech and that of the authors of this “advertising supplement.” But this massive “advertising supplement” is not beneficial. It does not build up our community. It is not beneficial for a newspaper that arrives at every single house in our ZIP Code to distribute such a “guide” that dismisses as “deceptive” the teachings, practices, and faith of the Mormon Church. This “advertising supplement” is a form of public bullying, disparaging the faith and church of many of our neighbors, friends, and fellow citizens. Mormonism is a minority religion whose adherents have, for much of their history, been bullied, harassed, persecuted, and chased out of town. That ugly tradition continues with this “advertising supplement.” Next week will The Current run a 12-page screed against Jews? Roman Catholics? Muslims? Lutherans? Homosexuals? No matter what theological qualms some may have about the Mormon Church (or the Roman Catholic Church, or Islam, or Lutheranism, or whatever), it does not build up our community when a public asset such as The Current distributes divisive and biased literature to every single household in our community. Rather than spread divisive and biased literature, The Current should seek mutual understanding, interpret the words, faith, and actions of our neighbors in the best possible light, and celebrate when members of our community celebrate (such as our Mormon friends are doing this week with the opening of their new Temple). Martin Luther, in his teaching on the 8th Commandment (“You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor”), says: We are to fear and love God, so that we do not tell lies about our neighbors, betray or slander them, or destroy their reputations. Instead, we are to come to their defense, speak well of them, and interpret everything they do in the best possible light. I am attending an Open House at the new Mormon Temple in Carmel next week. I am doing so to learn more about the Mormon faith so that I can “come to their defense, speak well of them, and interpret everything they do in the best possible light.” I am also attending the Open House so that I can stand with my friends and neighbors against the unfair attacks and slander they experience all too often. Theological differences between the Mormon Church and the Lutheran Church are real. But so too is the unfair treatment our neighbors, friends, and fellow children of God of the Mormon Church receive to this day. My friends and neighbors don’t deserve to receive, on their doorstep, such a publication. I cannot remain silent. I have to speak out. For me, living a life of faith is not about projecting my faith into the public square to the detriment of others, or seeking public assets – be they government or business – to enshrine and propagate my faith through their power and reach. Instead, living a life of faith is about coming to the defense of my neighbors, seeking the good of the community – particularly the most vulnerable and “least of these” (Matthew 25:40) – living into the promises of the coming Kingdom of God, and having the opportunity to worship and live according to the dictates of faith. I pray for mutual understanding among the faith communities of Westfield and Carmel. I pray for a renewed commitment by our communities to seek the common good. I pray for God’s grace to strengthen us, and especially those oppressed by bigotry and prejudice of any kind. In the name of Jesus. Amen. UPDATE – Saturday, July 11 After three days I have turned off comments on this post, as the conversation in the comment thread was no longer constructive. We all seem to be talking past each other. Thank you for the conversation and for sharing your different points of view on this matter. Search The Lutheran Zephyr Keep up with The Lutheran Zephyr Keep up with The Lutheran Zephyr blog in your feedreader (do people still do this?), email inbox, or connect with Chris on Twitter. 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AMERICAN MOSAIC - November 16, 2001 - 2001-11-15 Welcome to AMERICAN MOSAIC — VOA’s radio magazine in Special English. (THEME) This is Doug Johnson. On our program today ... We play some patriotic songs ... answer a question about Thanksgiving ... and report about the Emmy Awards for the best American television programs. The Emmy Awards & "The West Wing" The American Academy of Television Arts and Sciences postponed its yearly Emmy Award ceremony two times this year because of the terrorist attacks in September. It finally presented the awards last week. The Emmys honor the best American television programs. Shirley Griffith tells us about the awards. ANNCR: A program called “The West Wing” won the Emmy Award for best drama series. It also won the best drama Emmy last year. “The West Wing” is about people who work in the White House for the President of the United States. The people in the show are not real. But the issues they discuss are real. For example, in the show broadcast last week, the President is discussing the gun control issue with his Vice President. Martin Sheen plays the President. Tim Mathieson is the Vice President. ((TAPE CUT 1: VP: You want to send me to Texas? P: It’s what Texans do...you know, a decade ago we passed a few national gun control laws, then the gun control lobby turned its back on Congress and started focusing on the states. The N-R-A systematically worked the legislatures to weaken conceal and carry laws, the effect of which is to increase gun sales and pad its own membership. VP: Well, I don’t necessarily agree with that... P (interrupts): The National Conference of State Legislatures is meeting next weekend at the Convention Center in San Antonio. VP: You want me to go to Texas and speak for you. P: Yeah. VP: ‘Cause that’s what Texans do. P: It’s also what Vice Presidents do. )) “The West Wing” won several other Emmy awards this year. These included the best supporting actor award to Bradley Whitford for playing a presidential adviser. Actress Allison Janney won the best supporting actress Emmy for playing the President’s press secretary. Mizz Janney said she felt proud to be part of a show that celebrates the process of freedom that makes the United States great. The Academy also honored people from the television industry who died in the terrorist attacks. One of these was Emmy winner David Angell, who wrote for the popular comedy shows “Frasier” and “Cheers”. Our VOA listener question this week comes from listeners in Mali and Brazil. Mahamadou Modibo Kante and Renato Francisco Amaral ask about the American holiday called Thanksgiving. Americans will celebrate Thanksgiving next Thursday, November twenty-second. It is a day for giving thanks to God, families and friends for all the good things that have happened in the past year. Settlers in America began observing days of thanks hundreds of years ago. But most Americans link the first Thanksgiving Day to a group of people called Pilgrims. They arrived in what is now the northeastern United States in Sixteen-Twenty. Soon, more than half had died of disease or lack of food. Those who survived held a day of thanksgiving in the autumn of Sixteen-Twenty-One. They thanked God for protecting them. They also thanked the Native American Indians. The Indians helped save the Pilgrims by showing them how to fish and plant crops. The Pilgrims feasted for three days. About ninety Indians joined the celebration. They ate deer, ducks, geese, and turkeys. The modern holiday of Thanksgiving is the result of the efforts of Sarah Hale. She was a writer and editor in the Nineteenth Century. She believed all Americans should give thanks on the same day. Sarah Hale worked for many years to establish a national holiday for this purpose. She published articles and gave speeches. She wrote letters to state governments and presidents. Finally, President Abraham Lincoln approved her idea. In Eighteen-Sixty-Three, he declared the last Thursday in November as a national holiday of Thanksgiving. Later, Congress declared the holiday would be celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November. Today, friends and family members gather together for Thanksgiving. They may attend religious services ... take part in a parade ... watch sports events on television. And almost everyone does what the Pilgrims did. They have a feast. On Thanksgiving, Americans eat some of the same foods the Pilgrims ate — turkey, sweet potatoes, squash, corn, cranberries and pumpkin pie. Patriotic Songs CD Americans have always liked songs about their country. Since the terrorist attacks, they are singing them more often than ever. A new record album includes many of these songs. Money earned from the sale of the album goes to a fund for the victims of the World Trade Center attack. Jim Tedder has more. The name of the album is “God Bless America.” That is also the name of the first song on the album. The song “God Bless America” has become extremely popular since the terrorist attacks. It was written by Irving Berlin in Nineteen-Eighteen. Irving Berlin was born in Russia. The song expresses his love and thanks to the United States for giving him a chance to succeed. Celine Dion sings it here. ((CUT 1: GOD BLESS AMERICA)) Another song on the album is “America the Beautiful.” Katherine Lee Bates wrote the words to the song in Eighteen-Ninety-Three. Samuel Ward Howe wrote the music. Here Frank Sinatra sings it. ((CUT 2: AMERICA THE BEAUTIFUL)) No record about patriotic songs would be complete without the official song of the United States, “The Star- Spangled Banner.” Francis Scott Key wrote the words in Eighteen-Fourteen, following a battle during the War of Eighteen-Twelve. Later, music was added to his poem. We leave you now with the National Anthem of the United States, performed by the Mormon Tabernacle Choir. ((CUT 3: THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER)) This is Doug Johnson. I hope you enjoyed our program today. And I hope you will join us again next week for AMERICAN MOSAIC—VOA’s radio magazine in Special English. Remember to write us with your questions about American life. We will try to answer them on future programs. Listeners whose questions are chosen will receive a Random House Webster’s College Dictionary. Send your questions to American Mosaic, Special English, Voice of America, Washington, D.C. two-zero-two-three-seven, USA. Or use a computer to e-mail your question to “Mosaic at V-O-A news dot com”. Please include your name and postal address. This AMERICAN MOSAIC program was written by Nancy Steinbach. Our studio engineer was Tom Verba. And our producer was Paul Thompson.

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College, Career & Civic Participation School Organization and Design Educator Quality Recruitment and Retention​ ​Evaluation and Career Development​ Early Childhood Learning Equitable Resources​ and Access Accountability and Improvement LPI Blog More from LPI Authors Senior Fellows in Residence LPI in the News Projects & Issues Home / Educator Quality Understaffed and Underprepared: California Districts Report Ongoing Teacher Shortages Leib Sutcher Desiree Carver-Thomas Linda Darling-Hammond Download Brief & Other Material To provide timely data to practitioners, policymakers, and other stakeholders, this brief examines how California districts experienced staffing difficulties in fall 2017. We surveyed 25 urban, rural, and suburban school districts that serve a quarter of students in the state. Fully 80% reported having a shortage of qualified teachers in 2017–18; 82% hired underprepared teachers, and nearly half hired a greater proportion of underprepared teachers than the year before. Although districts reported hiring slightly fewer teachers overall, a greater share of new hires hold substandard credentials, suggesting that shortages are persisting. District respondents support an array of policies to address California’s teacher shortage, most frequently pointing to loan forgiveness and service scholarships, teacher residencies and other Grow Your Own programs, as well as support and mentoring for novice teachers. After many years of budget cuts and staff layoffs, the tide turned in 2013, when California began to bring new, more equitably distributed revenues into the education system as a result of Proposition 30 and the Local Control Funding Formula. As funding improved and districts began trying to replace the positions they had lost, teacher hiring increased dramatically. But qualified teachers were hard to find: The supply of new teaching candidates declined by more than 70% over the decade when jobs were not available.Darling-Hammond, L., Furger, R., Shields, P. M., & Sutcher, L. (2016). Addressing California’s emerging teacher shortage: An analysis of sources and solutions. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. As a result, since 2014–15, California districts have experienced acute shortages of teachers, especially in mathematics, science, and special education.Darling-Hammond, L., Furger, R., Shields, P. M., & Sutcher, L. (2016). Addressing California’s emerging teacher shortage: An analysis of sources and solutions. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute; Podolsky, A., & Sutcher, L. (2016). California teacher shortages: A persistent problem. (Brief). Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute; Carver-Thomas, D., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2017). Addressing California’s growing teacher shortage: 2017 update. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. The passage of Proposition 58 reinstating bilingual education has triggered additional shortages of bilingual teachers. And career technical teachers have been in short supply. California’s ongoing teacher shortage undermines its efforts to implement new standards, to improve learning, and to close achievement gaps. When districts cannot fill a position with a qualified teacher, they have no good options. California districts report dealing with shortages by hiring long-term substitutes or teachers with substandard credentials, leaving positions vacant, increasing class sizes, or canceling courses.Podolsky, A., & Sutcher, L. (2016). California teacher shortages: A persistent problem. (Brief). Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. As districts increasingly rely on hiring teachers with little or no preparation, they incur academic and financial costs. Teachers without quality preparation leave the profession at two to three times the rate of fully prepared teachers,Podolsky, A., Kini, T., Bishop, J., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2016). Solving the teacher shortage: How to attract and retain excellent educators. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. creating a revolving door effect that makes shortages worse and negatively impacts student achievement.Ronfeldt, M., Loeb, S., & Wyckoff, J. (2013). How teacher turnover harms student achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 50(1), 4–36. Furthermore, the cost to replace teachers who leave can exceed $20,000 per teacher.Barnes, G., Crowe, E., & Schaefer, B. (2007). The cost of teacher turnover in five school districts: A pilot study. National Commission on Teaching & America’s Future; Milanowski, A., & Odden, A. (2007). A new approach to the cost of teacher turnover. Seattle, WA: School Finance Redesign Project, Center on Reinventing Public Education; Shockley, R., Guglielmino, P., & Watlington, E. J. (2006). A national crisis in teacher education: What are the costs? Old Tappan, NJ: Pearson Education; Learning Policy Institute. (2017). What’s the cost of teacher turnover? Palo Alto, CA: Author. Shortages disproportionately impact students from low-income families and students of color, exacerbating persistent achievement gaps between these students and their more affluent peers. According to the state’s plan to ensure equitable access to teachers, filed with the federal government, teachers on emergency-style permits are three times as likely to teach in California’s high-minority schools and twice as likely to teach in high-poverty schools as in more advantaged schools.Torlakson, T. (2016, November 8). California state plan to ensure equitable access to excellent educators. (Memorandum). Sacramento, CA: California Department of Education. Over the past 2 years, the legislature has enacted several initiatives to address the shortages, including designating $45 million to help classified staff become certified to teach; $10 million to start new undergraduate programs for teacher education; and $5 million to launch a Center for Teaching Careers, a recruitment and resource center for teaching candidates and those considering a teaching career. A key question is: Have these programs been enough to address the shortages, or does more still need to be done? This brief examines how districts experienced teacher supply in the fall of 2017. The Learning Policy Institute surveyed 25 California school districts, including the largest suburban and urban districts in the state and a sampling of rural districts, representing every region in California.We surveyed 31 districts in total, choosing districts based on size and geographic representation. Our sample included the 15 largest districts in California. To ensure geographic diversity, we used the regional system of the California County Superintendents Educational Services Association, which divides California’s 58 counties into 11 “service regions” (see http://ccsesa.org/members/region-map/). We included an additional large district in each of the five CCSESA service regions not represented by the 15 largest districts. To ensure representation from rural school districts, we also included the district that received the most federal Rural Education Achievement Program funding in 2016–17 in each CCSESA service region, for a total of 11 rural districts. We had an overall response rate of 81% (25 responses). All 11 CCSESA regions are represented by the 25 districts that responded to the survey. For five of the CCSESA regions, we received at least one response from a large district and a rural district; for four regions, we received responses from large districts only; and for two regions, we received responses from rural districts only. In all, these 25 districts serve over 1.5 million California students, a quarter of all students in the state. California Teacher Shortages in 2017 This survey suggests that teacher shortages are still widespread and growing worse in many communities. Fully 80% of district respondents report experiencing a shortage of qualified teachers for the 2017–18 school year (see Figure 1). Of those districts reporting shortages, 90% report that they are as bad or worse than they were last year.Note: 24 of the 25 districts surveyed reported the severity of the shortage in relation to 2016–17. Only 10% say shortages have improved since 2016–17. These results are consistent with districts’ experiences in the previous year. In a fall 2016 survey of 211 school districts that are part of the California School Boards Association’s Delegate Assembly—a sample that generally reflects the demographics of California’s districts—75% of districts reported having a shortage of qualified teachers at that time, with over 80% of these districts reporting that shortages had gotten worse since the 2013–14 school year.Podolsky, A., & Sutcher, L. (2016). California teacher shortages: A persistent problem. (Brief). Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. Teacher Shortages Affect Everyone in a School District At the start of this school year, my classmates and I arrived in sociology class to find that a teacher hadn’t been assigned to the course. Every day during that first week, students would arrive in class ready to learn, only to find out that we still didn’t have a teacher. I ended that week feeling distraught. It felt like my education was being limited by something I didn’t have any control over. —Jiawen Wang, 11th-grade student leader, Californians for Justice, Oakland Unified School District In my district, we have 85 teachers right now who are either interns or … on special credentials; 45 of them last set foot in a classroom when they left high school. They have no teacher education experience. They have no pedagogical knowledge, outside of whatever they experienced as a student. So, when they come into our classrooms they don’t know classroom management [and] they don’t know the pedagogy of the subject that they’re teaching. They’re trying to survive, and we’re trying to help them as best we can. —Linda Tolladay, Teacher and Instructional Coach in Science, Madera Unified School District My first year as principal, I opened the school year without a teacher for a special education class. It had a whole host of negative repercussions for staff and students. Running that special education class without a permanent teacher was a day-to-day crisis management situation. All of my responsibilities—meeting the needs of the parent community, supporting students, serving as the instructional leader, taking care of building management—were left to flounder because my primary concern was making sure one classroom was safe and functional. —Daina Lujan, Principal, Meadows Elementary School, Millbrae School District The Prevalence of Underprepared Teachers In 2015–16, California issued more than 10,000 intern credentials, permits, and waivers, more than double the number issued in 2012–13. These substandard teaching authorizations can only be granted when fully credentialed teachers are not available, and are thus a key indicator of shortages.Carver-Thomas, D., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2017). Addressing California’s growing teacher shortage: 2017 update. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. In 2015–16, 2 out of 3 new special education authorizations and 2 out of 5 new mathematics and science authorizations were issued to individuals who had neither completed their training nor met California’s requirements for a preliminary teaching credential, which is the standard credential for a new teacher.Carver-Thomas, D., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2017). Addressing California’s growing teacher shortage: 2017 update. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. Emergency-style permits—issued to individuals who have not demonstrated knowledge of the subject(s) they are teaching and who typically have not yet entered a teacher training program—have more than quintupled since 2012–13 and represent the fastest growing category of substandard teaching authorizations. In 2016–17, California issued just under 6,000 Provisional Intern Permits and Short-Term Staff Permits.California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. (2017, October). Program capacity survey. Although most districts report decreases in vacancies and new hires between 2016–17 and 2017–18, 75% report they were unable to fill all their vacancies with fully credentialed teachers for this year.Note: 24 of the 25 districts surveyed reported whether they were able to fill all vacant positions with qualified teachers in 2017–18. After a spike in demand as districts refilled positions that had been cut during the Great Recession, demand for new teachers could be steadying. Even so, survey results suggest that teacher supply is still insufficient to meet demand. Districts in large urban and suburban communities, as well as those in rural communities, both report shortages (83% and 71%, respectively). Many districts resort to hiring underprepared teachers, who have not completed the requirements for full certification, when fully prepared teachers cannot be found. Indeed, 82% of districts hired underprepared teachers, and nearly half of districts report hiring a greater proportion of underprepared teachers this year than the year before.Note: 22 of the 25 districts surveyed reported whether they hired underprepared teachers in 2017–18, and 21 of the 25 districts surveyed reported sufficient data to determine the proportion of underprepared teachers in 2017–18 compared to 2016–17. In the districts that hired more underprepared teachers, the share of new hires who held less than a full teaching credential increased by about 30%, on average, compared to the previous year. In most districts hiring underprepared teachers, these teachers comprised up to a quarter of new hires (see Figure 2). And in a growing number of districts (14%), most new hires held substandard credentials or permits in fall 2017. Even though districts are looking for fewer teachers overall, a greater proportion of their new hires are underprepared teachers, suggesting shortages persist. Moreover, many districts are relying on the least prepared teachers to fill positions. Nearly two thirds of districts report hiring teachers on temporary permits and waivers, and half of those districts hired a greater proportion of teachers on these emergency-style permits this year than they did last year (see Figure 3).Note: 22 of the 25 districts surveyed reported whether they hired emergency-style teachers in 2017–18, and 21 of the 25 districts surveyed reported sufficient data to determine emergency credentials as a proportion of new hires in 2016–17 and 2017–18. In some small, rural districts, all new teachers were hired on emergency-style permits this year. In large districts, teachers on emergency-style permits made up as many as 30% of new hires. Interns, who are completing teacher preparation while teaching, also comprised up to 30% of new hires in some large districts. State Policy Responses District respondents report broad support for an array of policies to address California’s teacher shortage. Districts most frequently state that loan forgiveness and service scholarships, teacher residencies and other Grow Your Own programs, and mentoring support for novice teachers could be effective policies (see Figure 4). They ranked these as the top three ways the state can reduce shortages. Loan forgiveness programs and service scholarships can help to recruit and retain high-quality teachers into the fields and schools where they are most needed. These approaches underwrite preparation in exchange for a number of years of service in the profession—often in particular high-need locations and subject areas. College students choose their professions in part based on whether their potential salaries can offset the higher education debt they will accumulate. With teachers earning about 30% less than other college graduates,Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development “Table D3.2a. Teachers’ actual salaries relative to earnings of tertiary-educated workers” in OCED. (2015). Education at a glance 2017: OECD indicators. Paris, France: OECD Publishing. some who would like to teach eschew the profession because they cannot afford the costs of or debt associated with training. Service scholarships and forgivable loan programs have been found to be highly effective in recruiting individuals into teaching and directing them to the fields and locations with the highest need.Podolsky, A., & Kini, T. (2016). How effective are loan forgiveness and service scholarships for recruiting teachers? (Policy brief). Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. Most districts (83%) state that these financial supports can reduce teacher shortages. Similarly, in a fall 2017 survey administered by the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing, faculty of teacher preparation programs were most likely to identify a lack of financial aid for teaching candidates as the largest obstacle to increasing enrollment in their programs, rather than a lack of program capacity. In fact, many of the state’s teacher preparation programs—especially in shortage fields—receive far fewer applicants than they can accommodate.California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. (2017, October). Program capacity survey. Service scholarships and forgivable loan programs have been found to be highly effective in recruiting individuals into teaching and directing them to the neediest fields and locations. The now-defunct Assumption Program of Loans for Education (APLE) loan forgiveness program and Governor’s Teaching Fellowships provided teacher candidates between $11,000 and $20,000 in exchange for at least a 4-year commitment to teach in high-need schools and subjects. Program beneficiaries were more likely to teach in low-performing schools and had higher retention rates than the state average.Steele, J. L., Murnane, R. J., & Willett, J. B. (2010). Do financial incentives help low-performing schools attract and keep academically talented teachers? Evidence from California. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 29(3), 451–478; Podolsky, A., & Kini, T. (2016). How effective are loan forgiveness and service scholarships for recruiting teachers? (Policy brief). Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. Teacher residencies—1-year intensive apprenticeships modeled on medical residencies—consistently show higher retention rates, attract more diverse candidates, and target high-need subjects and locations.Guha, R., Hyler, M. E., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2016). The teacher residency: An innovative model for preparing teachers. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. Residents apprentice alongside expert teachers in high-need classrooms for a full academic year while completing coursework for master’s degrees at partnering universities. They typically receive a stipend and tuition assistance in exchange for a commitment to teach in the district for an additional 3 to 4 years after their residency. Such programs have been found to supply a diverse pool of effective teachers for high-need fields and dramatically reduce teacher attrition rates.Guha, R., Hyler, M. E., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2016). The teacher residency: An innovative model for preparing teachers. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. Nearly three quarters (74%) of districts believe these programs can reduce shortages, and the Governor’s January 2018 budget proposal calls for a major investment in teacher residencies for the training of special education teachers.California. Governor. (2018, January). Governor’s budget summary 2018-19. Other Grow Your Own programs recruit, train, and support paraprofessionals, after-school program staff, and other local community members to teach in their own communities. The California Classified School Employee Teacher Credentialing Program, funded in 2016 and 2017, is supporting classified staff, such as paraprofessionals, to earn a bachelor’s degree and teaching credential. The program provides classified staff with $4,000 per year for up to 5 years (or $20,000 in total) to subsidize their teacher training costs. With a state investment of $45 million, the program has funded 2,250 slots. Nearly half of program participants are Hispanic or Latinx, and 5% are African American. Districts submitted grant applications requesting funding for more than 8,000 slots, suggesting there is significant unmet need.California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. (2017, December). Report to the Legislature on the California Classified School Employee Teacher Credentialing Program. Even though more than 2,000 teachers are entering the profession through this pipeline, it may take several years for them to complete a program. Support and mentoring for novice teachers—also known as induction—can include coaching and mentoring; reduced workloads; collaborative planning time; extra classroom assistance; and a variety of other activities, such as seminars on critical topics. High-quality induction is associated with higher teacher retention rates and improved student learning.Podolsky, A., Kini, T., Bishop, J., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2016). Solving the teacher shortage: How to attract and retain excellent educators. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. All beginning California teachers are required to complete an induction program during their first 5 years of teaching in order to earn the California clear credential. However, targeted state funding for induction was folded into the Local Control Funding Formula, resulting in many districts reducing their support for new teachers, requiring new teachers to pay a fee for induction, or requiring new teachers to enroll at an institution of higher education to complete induction. Seventy-four percent of districts identify new teacher support and mentoring as a state policy that can reduce teacher shortages. Districts identify several other state policies that can reduce teacher shortages, including: Investing in preparation and professional development for school leaders, including training in how to productively manage hiring and support for new teachers (70%) Providing incentives for greater articulation between community colleges and teacher preparation programs so that teacher candidates can begin their teacher training coursework and clinical training while enrolled in community college so that they can carry their credits into a college credential program (70%) Reducing barriers to entry for veteran teachers moving from other states through stronger licensure reciprocity and cross-state pensions or portable retirement benefit plans (70%) Offering incentives to schools to improve working conditions associated with job satisfaction and retention, such as providing time for teacher collaboration (65%) Providing support to create affordable housing for teachers (61%) Providing funding for districts to create or expand high school education academies as part of their career technical education programs (52%) Reducing barriers so that retired teachers can return to fill positions in high-need subjects and locations (35%) Some federal funding under Title II of the Every Student Succeeds Act was allocated in 2017 to implement some of these initiatives through the California Educator Development (CalEd) competitive grant program. The program offers about $9 million in grants, of between $100,000 and $1.25 million, for local education agencies (LEAs) to focus on the development of school leaders or teacher recruitment and development, especially in shortage subjects.California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. (2017, December). Update on state-funded grant programs. The state also invested an additional $5 million in the Bilingual Teacher Professional Development Program to fund initiatives that increase the number of teachers with bilingual authorizations, a critical shortage area.Torlakson, T. (2017, September). Bilingual Teacher Professional Development Program, 2017 request for applications. Overwhelming numbers of California voters supported many of the same policy solutions as school districts, including loan forgiveness and service scholarships, mentoring and support for recently hired teachers, and expanding residency-type programs. California voters support investments to mitigate teacher shortages. In a September 2015 survey of 1,001 registered California voters, 86% of respondents said the teacher shortage was a serious problem. Furthermore, overwhelming numbers of voters supported many of the same policy solutions as school districts, including loan forgiveness and service scholarships to incentivize new teachers to enter the field (85%) and mentoring and support for recently hired teachers to increase their retention (90%).Learning Policy Institute. (2016). Is the looming teacher shortage a serious problem? Should the state take decisive action? California voters say yes, according to recent poll. (Policy brief). Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. And nearly 90% of respondents also supported an expansion of residency-type programs, which provide prospective teachers with a full year of practice teaching under the guidance of an expert teacher (see Figure 5). California voters participating in the poll were equally clear about what they do not want to see happen as a result of the teacher shortage: They do not want students from low-income families to be taught increasingly by underprepared teachers. Nearly 9 in 10 respondents said it was a problem for public schools in low-income communities to have fewer qualified teachers than public schools in wealthier areas, and a majority felt that shortages should not be resolved by recruiting individuals who are not fully prepared—the very thing many districts have been forced to do in response to deep shortages across the state. Over the past 2 years, California has invested nearly $70 million in curbing teacher shortages. These are important investments, but it will likely take 3 to 5 years before they make a substantial impact on the teacher supply in California. New 4-year teacher credentialing programs, for example, will just begin enrolling their first cohort of candidates in fall 2018.California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. (2017, December). Update on state-funded grant programs. Meanwhile, districts report that stubborn shortages in the state persist, and they respond by turning more and more to the least qualified teachers. Districts suggest that high-retention pathways into the profession, such as service scholarships and teacher residencies, can address these immediate shortfalls without compromising on teacher quality. At the same time, ongoing support for California teachers and improved working conditions can help schools retain the teachers they have. See the Appendix for more information. Understaffed and Underprepared: California Districts Report Ongoing Teacher Shortages (research brief) by Leib Sutcher, Desiree Carver-Thomas, and Linda Darling-Hammond is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Research in this area of work is funded in part by the S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation. Core operating support for the Learning Policy Institute is provided by the Ford Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, and the Sandler Foundation. Sutcher, L., Carver-Thomas, D., and Darling-Hammond, L. (2018). Understaffed and Underprepared: California Districts Report Ongoing Teacher Shortages (research brief). Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute. How Effective Are Loan Forgiveness and Service Scholarships for Recruiting Teachers? Loan forgiveness and service scholarships are two promising approaches to attracting and keeping teachers in the profession. This brief looks at existing research on these programs and finds that financial assistance that meaningfully offsets the cost of professional preparation can be effective at recruiting and retaining high-quality professionals into fields and communities where educators are most needed. Teacher Residencies in California As teacher shortages once again become widespread in California and across the nation, discussions of how to recruit and retain high-quality teachers are occupying center stage in policy circles. Newly emerging residency programs offer an innovative approach to recruiting and retaining high-quality teachers. Currently, the state has at least 10 such programs meeting critical hiring needs for a number of districts and charter schools in urban and rural areas. Addressing the Teacher Shortage: What Districts Can Do Many districts face teacher shortages that threaten their ability to deliver a quality education to all children. Rather than implementing short-term fixes that often rely on underprepared or out-of-field teachers, policymakers at all levels should look to the research for strategies that are effective at building a high-quality and sustainable teaching workforce. This fact sheet, based on a comprehensive review of the research on teacher recruitment and retention policies, identifies district policies that can ease shortages, while also prioritizing student learning and a strong teacher workforce. Sign up for our mailing list to stay up to date with the Learning Policy Institute.  info@learningpolicyinstitute.org press@learningpolicyinstitute.org 1530 Page Mill Road, Suite 200 1301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 500 Equitable Resources and Access ©2020 LEARNING POLICY INSTITUTE ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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In theory, the bill applies only to bare pornography. In practice, it empowers politicians to hold library funds ho… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 1 week ago "Leer es un derecho y buscamos hacerlo efectivo.” (Reading is a right; it is up to us to realize it.) Argentina lau… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 1 week ago A great day to visit this fantastic resource I learned about while researching #bookhunger. OurStory app allows you… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 1 week ago RT @etchichury74: @leashaver Who's that extremely young translator?😃Thanks a zillion, Lea, for your wonderful talk back then at @ate_ffyh!… 1 week ago Nostalgia for theorizing "the right to culture." Muchas gracias, amigos de la Univ. de Cordoba. A great translator… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 1 week ago The UN Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights has drafted an authoritative statement on human rights, t… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 1 week ago ... Of course, the more indigent the learner, the greater the responsibility to ensure equitable access. 2 years ago ...irrespective of their caste, creed, or financial position. 2 years ago ...it warrants the promotion of equitable access to knowledge to all segments of society... 2 years ago Delhi High Court: So fundamental is education to a society-- 2 years ago Panels Present Importance Of Fair Use In South Africa’s Draft Copyright Amendment ip-watch.org/2017/01/13/pan… via @ipwatch 3 years ago IP and Human Rights conference at UC Irvine livestream.com/accounts/86753… 3 years ago « A2K and Human Rights Illuminating Innovation » New light from an old source Posted by Lea on July 20, 2010 I’m working now on a new project, which takes the historic litigation around the light bulb as an entry point to shed new light on the impact of patents upon innovation and access to new technologies. Thanks to Zetson for the CC-licensed image, via Flickr More than a century after its introduction, the light bulb remains the defining icon of invention. Justifiably so, in my opinion, because this widget almost single-handedly drove the demand for electrification. The light bulb was the “killer app” for electric power, which in turn brought about a new era of technological innovation. Contrary to popular wisdom, however, Edison’s team was merely one of dozens that co-invented electric light bulb. Scientifically speaking, his team’s discoveries were neither the first, nor the most important. What Edison did better than all the other inventors took place not in the laboratory, but in the law office. His lawyers pursued, obtained, asserted, and litigated key patents on light bulb technology in order to run competing bulb manufacturers out of business or buy them up. Image provided by the National Archives at http://www.ourdocuments.gov Scientists had already published instructions for producing a glowing electric bulb in 1709. The more discerning biographers claim not that Edison invented the bulb, but that his laboratory developed improvements that made it commercially viable. Conflicting sources indicate, however, that the technology was already commercially viable in 1876. A few years later, London’s Savoy Theatre switched from gas lighting to electric bulbs supplied by Joseph Swan. It was at this point, in 1879, that Edison filed for his first patent on “an improvement in Electric Lamps and in the method of manufacturing the same.” The improvement Edison claimed was the use of a certain type of filament inside the bulb. Edison then leveraged his monopoly on bulbs to corner the market in electricity service as well. Over a century later, General Electric is the longest-running member of the Dow Jones industrial average. For example, Thomas Swan had light bulb patents of his own, the first predating Edison’s by 19 years. He had even been granted a patent in England claiming the same discovery Edison’s team claimed to have made. But he was unable to retain the legal upper hand. Even though it was never legally established that Swan’s bulbs infringed on Edison’s patents, the shadow of IP law made it too risky for Swan to continue competing. The two companies merged. In the process, competition in the light bulb market – and therefore the race to roll out improvements and cut prices – was severely curtailed. And a half century would pass before ordinary Americans could afford electric lights. In theory, patents promote innovation by providing greater incentives to invention. But it can also work the other way, by erecting legal barriers to follow-on innovation. The result is a paradoxical delay in scientific advancement, widespread access to new technologies, and opportunities for new businesses and opportunities that build upon that technology. The effort to discern whether patent protection is a net positive or negative for innovation and economic growth continues to confound economic and legal scholars. Economists have sought to address the question through cross-national empirical studies correlating patent terms with macroeconomic results, with little in the way of conclusive results. Methodologically, I suggest that case studies of the impact of patent law on innovation and growth with respect to a particular technology or sector – such as electricity – can be more illuminating. These closer examinations permit researchers to tease out the complicated effects of intellectual property law, in ways that can inform later quantitative research. Although much has been written about what the Internet has to teach us about intellectual property and innovation, the story of the lightbulb – a similarly revolutionary technological development – so far remains in the shadows. For more on these ideas, check out an earlier post at the blog of the Information Society Project at Yale Law School, my speech at the Yale ISP’s spring 2010 conference on Access to Knowledge and Human Rights or my article from the Wisconsin Law Review entitled The Right to Science and Culture. This entry was posted on July 20, 2010 at 3:32 PM and is filed under intellectual property, law and economics, law and technology. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site. 2 Responses to “New light from an old source” Randy Klein said How refreshing to read a balanced analysis of the effect of IP and copyright protection on innovation. Theresa M. Collins said I hope you will consult the Edison Papers at Rutgers!

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Representative Mark J. Cusack Democrat - 5th Norfolk Mark.Cusack@mahouse.gov Mark J. Cusack represents the 5th Norfolk House District, consisting of the Town of Braintree, Precinct 1 in the Town of Holbrook and Precinct 4 in the Town of Randolph. Mark is currently serving in his 4th term in the House of Representatives. He is a lifelong resident of Braintree, Massachusetts. He graduated from Braintree High School in 2003 and went on to attend the University of Massachusetts Amherst where he graduated from the Commonwealth College Honors Program in 2007 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science. Prior to joining the House of Representatives Mark served as Assistant to the Mayor of Braintree. He played a pivotal role in the implementation of Braintree’s new government as it changed from a selectmen-town meeting form to a mayor-town council form. In 2010, Mark ran for representative of the 5th Norfolk House District and was elected to the House of Representatives. Since being sworn in, Mark has served on numerous committees including Elder Affairs, Municipalities and Regional Governmental, Health Care Financing and Transportation. In previous sessions, Mark has served in leadership roles as Vice Chair of the Joint Committee on Telecommunications, Utilities and Energy and as Chair of the House Committee on Technology and Intergovernmental Affairs. He is currently serving as the House Chairman of the Joint Committee on Marijuana Policy. Mark also serves as a commissioner on the Online Gaming, Fantasy Sports Gaming and Daily Fantasy Sports Commission. Education & Public Service Braintree High School Braintree Democratic Town Committee Braintree Historical Society Braintree Sons of Italy MA House of Representatives -2011 to present S.2478 An Act relative to Energy Savings Efficiency (Energy SAVE)

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The squeezed turn from Aero to Murphy Canyon Dr. Disenfranchised bus passenger By Joe Deegan, Aug. 21, 2018 The bus and the white van that tried to squeeze a right turn in ahead of the bus During our conversation about potholes (see “What It Takes to Fill a Pothole” on August 10), Misty Haskins expressed what struck me as an exaggerated worry about her safety on the buses she rides. She hadn’t yet told me about the bus/van collision she was in nearly two months ago. Shattered window. “The doctor pulled small pieces of glass out of my eyes.” On June 25, as the MTS 928 bus she was riding on Aero Drive approached her destination, she noticed that a large white van was trying to squeeze a right turn in ahead of the bus as it began the same turn onto Murphy Canyon Drive. The two vehicles had, in fact, already made enough contact that a window on the right side of the bus was cracking. “It didn’t seem like our driver was paying it any attention,” Haskins tells me. “So I yelled at her that we were having an accident.” The bus continued to turn. “The driver could have made a wider turn. Instead, she made a very tight turn without looking in the right side rear view mirror,” says Haskins. During the turn, the vehicles collided more forcefully, and the cracked window threw tiny shards of glass into the carrier’s interior. The van, meanwhile, was pushed onto the sidewalk. Both vehicles had by now come to a stop. During the jolt and chaos inside the bus, Haskins hit her head and became distraught. She says she started crying but that she tried to console the driver, highly upset. Besides Haskins, who had been sitting on the left side four seats behind the driver, there were two other passengers. They sat “somewhere” behind me, she says. Soon enough, an MTS supervisor, a safety officer from Transdev (the company that runs Route 928 for MTS) and two police officers arrived. One of the policemen took from Haskins a statement about what happened and wrote it up in his notes. “I asked him who was at fault,” she says, “and he said, too quickly I thought, that the van driver was on drugs and was the one. But I believe both drivers were at fault.” Haskins says the MTS supervisor then drove her to a rendezvous she had already scheduled a block away with a jobs rehabilitation counselor. “I couldn’t even fill out the paperwork I was so shook up, so the lady did it for me. Then she drove me to my doctor.” The following day, Haskins’s eyes hurt badly and had become red. So she made an appointment to see the doctor again. “I didn’t want to go blind,” she said. “The doctor finally pulled a bunch of small pieces of glass out of my eyes.” Since the accident, Haskins has been trying to get the police incident report to see who was determined to be at fault. At the main police station on Broadway, “the lady behind the desk pulled the file out and was about to give it to me. Then she said I couldn’t have it because my name did not appear in the report. But she did tell me that the name of the officer who wrote it was Belanger and that I could reach him at the Mid-City station and ask that he put my information in the report.” Haskins attends computer classes next door to the Mid-City station and has tried to reach officer Belanger repeatedly over the last eight weeks. But the station has often had a sign in front saying it was “closed to customers.” Sometimes, automated phone messages stated that its staff was short-handed. “And I’m real tired,” says Haskins, “of hearing ‘the phones are down.’” But the day after Haskins left one more message, on Monday, August 20, for Belanger’s supervisor, an officer Poten returned her call. The lady “promised,” says Haskins, “that my name would be on the report the following day.” (By the close of this story, an MTS representative promising what information he could get about the bus collision had not been received.) More stories by Joe Deegan What it takes to fill a pothole — Aug. 10, 2018 Bus company has clout — July 27, 2017 Tijuana, My Kind of Town — July 28, 2009 BUSted Red Runner — March 13, 2009 The bus driver's mind — May 31, 2001 clockerbob Aug. 22, 2018 @ 1:36 p.m. Didn't the MTS supervisor or safety officer from Transdev ask if you needed medical attention.

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Sam Kerr and Japan's Nana Ichise battle for possession uring the AFC Women's Asian Cup final. Picture: Francois Nel/Getty Images Kerr: ‘We were the better team’ by Val Migliaccio 21st Apr 2018 12:58 PM AUSTRALIA'S No.1 striker, Sam Kerr, wouldn't have had much time to reflect on consecutive AFC Asian Cup final defeats for the Matildas, as she woke at the crack of dawn in Amman on Saturday to fly to the US. She has work to do with her new club, Chicago Reds Stars. Kerr wasn't visibly upset after Japan shocked the Matildas with an 84th minute goal via Kumi Yokoyama, but she was angry - annoyed by the fact that Australia had walked away with second place after literally battering the Japanese for most of the match, with absolutely nothing to show for it in a 1-0 loss at Amman Stadium. "I'm lost for words, two games in a row we've dominated them and they just scored a goal and that's been the end of it,'' said Kerr, also referring to the 1-1 draw in the Group B clash last week when her late show goal put the Matildas through to the FIFA World Cup next year. "We qualified for the World Cup and we got here to the final against Japan for a second time. "We were the better team and I wouldn't say they deserved the Asian Cup, that's the most frustrating thing. "We have to learn from it, we just have to take our chances. "The hardest thing for me now is the Asian Cup now is four years away and it was four years ago when we lost the last one. "It's now going to be eight years until we can win it again and 12 years since the last time we won it (in 2010)." Australia's forward Samantha Kerr prepares to shoot as Japan's goalkeeper Ayaka Yamashita defends. Japan has beaten Australia in two consecutive Asian Cup finals, having won the trophy for a first time in 2014 in Vietnam. The 2011 FIFA World Cup champion also knocked Australia out of the quarter-finals of the World Cup in Canada in 2015, the Matildas ending up with 1-0 losses in all three of their matches. Kerr refused to label Japan as a bogey side, saying Australia needed to make the most of all the chances created before and after Elise Kellond-Knight's 15th-minute penalty was saved by Japanese goalkeeper Ayaka Yamashita. With the Matildas in camp since February 17 apart from a short break after the Algarve Cup in Portugal, the side had been together for close to 60 days, but Kerr said the side didn't get cabin fever. "You don't get sick of each other, but me, myself, you get sick of the same routine,'' Kerr said. "It was nice to do things like the Dead Sea (in Jordan) and all that. It's over now and now I've just got to focus on the World Cup next year." It's been seven years since the 24-year-old Matildas star has had a serious break from the game, but she doesn't see playing soccer as work, taking the next challenge at club level in her stride. "Barring injury I haven't had a break since the Germany World Cup in 2011,'' Kerr said. "I'm fine. This is my job, I love it. Sometimes you need a break and because I have had injuries, I haven't, but now it's back to the United States, the NWSL and I'm excited for something new now." Matildas’ worst trait rears its ugly head Matildas: ‘Worst performance I’ve been involved in’ Sam Kerr shoots Matildas into World Cup Kerr perplexed as Matildas share meal time with rivals Barca’s 85-year first as 5-0 rout secures fourth straight Cup win Kerr claims another top gong ‘Even Marta voted for her’: Kerr robbed again Kerr ching! Matilda earns unprecedented honour matildas sam kerr premium_icon Herbert eyes Masters spot

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History of the Mackay Women’s Centre In early 2001, a dedicated group of women came together to discuss the need to provide a more equitable access to services for all the women of the Mackay district. These women came mostly from the staff or committees of three existing women’s services – Mackay Women’s Health & Information Centre, Pregnancy Help and the Domestic Violence Resource Service. Their focus was on the well-being of all women, and their visionary thinking developed the concept of a combined service, where Mackay women could attend for many of their life events, and where staff could meet a variety of needs in a friendly, safe and homely atmosphere. The concept of a ‘Combined Women’s Service’ was introduced in a discussion paper by Eunice Donovan, a former DVRS manager, and then Chairperson of the committee, in May 2000. This was set against a background of concern for local services. In 1999, Queensland Health withdrew funding for sexual assault services for women from a community-based women’s organisation, and began providing those services from within its own structure. Within twelve months of that action, the Mackay Women’s Health & Information Centre was threatened with closure, when its rented premises (owned by Queensland Health) were sold. They then moved to the current premises at 418 Shakespeare St West Mackay.

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‘Unrest” Documentary About ME/CFS on Netflix http:// Approx. 2.5 Min Filmmaker Jennifer Brea captures her struggle with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (M.E.) while connecting with others she meets along the way. Source: Unrest – Trailer | Video | Independent Lens | PBS Filmmaker Jennifer Brea was a Harvard PhD student soon to be engaged when she was struck down by a mysterious fever that left her bedridden. As her illness progressed she lost even the ability to sit in a wheelchair, yet doctors insisted it was “all in her head.” Unable to convey the seriousness and depth of her symptoms to her doctor, Jennifer began a video diary on her phone that eventually became the powerful and intimate documentary, Unrest. Once Jennifer was diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), commonly known as chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), she and her new husband, Omar, were left to grapple with how to shape a future together in the face of a lifelong illness. Refusing to accept the limitations of life in bed, Jennifer embarks on an online voyage around the world where she finds a hidden community of millions who have disappeared from their own lives, confined to their homes and bedrooms by ME. Using the internet, Skype, and Facebook, these disparate people connect with each other, finding a much-needed sanctuary of support and understanding. At its core, Unrest is a love story. Though Jennifer and Omar may never live the life they originally dreamed about, together they find resilience, strength, and meaning in each other and their new-found community. To watch on Netflix: https://www.netflix.com/title/80168300 http:// Approx. 7 Min. Filmmaker Opens Up About Illness That Doctors Told Her Was ‘All in Her Head’ SolveCFS Megyn Kelly – Today Show Jennifer Brea was on her way to earning a doctorate from Harvard when she was stricken with an illness that doctors said was “all in her head.” She is joined live on Megyn Kelly TODAY by her husband, Omar Wasow, and NBC News medical contributor Dr. Natalie Azar to talk about chronic fatigue syndrome and her documentary, “Unrest.” For more on the ME/CFS story: https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2017/10/15/vaccines-and-retroviruses-a-whistleblower-reveals-what-the-government-is-hiding/ Please know, Lyme/MSIDS can be an underlying factor for some: https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2015/10/17/can-mecfs-be-caused-by-lyme/ I saw many persons who had been diagnosed with chronic Lyme. The symptom pattern, along with the onset pattern, response to antibiotics, and questionable laboratory results led me to believe that there was no difference between ME/CFS and chronic Lyme. I have no doubt, however, that some persons with ME/CFS have their disease initiated by the Lyme organism…That is why over the past twenty years we have been talking of enterovirus, mycoplasma, and many other organisms. I have seen patients with ME/CFS following Histoplasmosis, Psittacosis, and other strange bugs….So, I believe that chronic Lyme is ME/CFS that is initiated by the Lyme organism. Whether this is true or not, we should know in a couple of years with the research that is bound to follow Drs. Fluge and Mella’s discovery. -By David S. Bell MD https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/03/23/me-cfs-summit-test-for-lyme/ Just keep in mind that current CDC 2-tiered serology misses over half of all cases of Lyme – plus it doesn’t take into account the many coinfections. https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/07/19/worlds-1st-french-me-cfs-assoc-decides-to-clinically-evaluate-the-cfs-pathogenisis-model-with-cadi-model/ This technology is only as good as those inputting the markers and in the case of Lyme/MSIDS there is a vast polarization in the medical community of those who believe it to be a benign illness cured by 21 days of doxycycline and those who believe it can infiltrate every organ of the body eventually leading to potential death without proper long-term treatment. Technology must include all sides and it must adapt and change to new information. My other concern is that doctors use this as only one of many tools in their differential diagnoses because particularly with Lyme/MSIDS, people fall through the cracks due to “atypical” or “rare” presentations. In my experience these aren’t “atypical” or “rare” at all but have simply not been reported on – therefore, doctors and researchers just aren’t aware of them. In the case of Lyme/MSIDS the worst thing a researcher could use would be old Lyme/MSIDS research (and yes, even new meta-analysis from past research) as that would only represent the Lyme Cabal and their pigeon-holing this complex illness into a square of their own making which leaves out a huge chunk of suffering patients. They also smugly state that this chunk is only 10-20% of patients. Microbiologist Holly Ahern recently wrote a paper showing it’s more like 60% that are chronically affected: https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/02/25/medical-stalemate-what-causes-continuing-symptoms-after-lyme-treatment/ https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/12/09/vaccines-likely-infected-with-retroviruses-linked-to-chronic-disease/ https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/06/23/the-role-of-retroviruses-in-chronic-illness-a-clinicians-perspective/ https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2018/03/01/vaccines-could-contribute-to-disease-epidemics-due-to-retrovirus-contamination/ https://madisonarealymesupportgroup.com/2019/02/07/infections-following-vaccinations/ To join a group whose mission is to Advocate for Recognition, Definition, & Research for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: https://www.meadvocacy.org/about, MEadvocacy is a project of May12.org Comments Off on ‘Unrest” Documentary About ME/CFS on Netflix Researchers Discover a New Mechanism Used by Bacteria to Evade Antibiotics Vaccine Injury is Free – As Long as We Deny It

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Be part of the movement To keep up to date with the latest news, special events and exclusive discounts. 2:30 pm - 5:00 pm | 21 May 2020 Gielgud Theatre Shaftesbury Ave, Soho, London W1D 6AR Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mocking Bird at Gielgud Theatre Following a sell-out run on Broadway, Aaron Sorkin’s new play based on Harper Lee’s Pulitzer Prize-winning novel To Kill A Mockingbird is coming to London. The production, which will star acclaimed actor Rhys Ifans, opens at the Gielgud Theatre in May. Set in 1930’s Alabama, To Kill a Mockingbird follows Jean Louise Finch, her brother Jeremy and their father Atticus, one of the most celebrated characters in modern literature. A successful lawyer, Atticus encourages kindness and empathy in his children, but is pushed to the limits of these qualities himself when he agrees to defend one of the town’s black residents, Tom Robinson, when he is accused of raping a white woman. Harper Lee’s classic novel will celebrate the 60th anniversary of its publication in 2020, and has sold 45 million copies worldwide in that time. A highly-anticipated sequel, Go Set a Watchman, was released in 2015, shortly before Lee’s death. Sorkin’s adaptation has fast become the most successful American play in Broadway history, having yet to play to an empty seat and with a national tour of the US opening in Washington DC in August. Previous to this, Sorkin has had many years of great success on stage and screen. He is perhaps best known as the creator and screenwriter of hit TV series The West Wing, and as the screenwriter for The Social Network, for which he received an Academy Award, Golden Globe, BAFTA and Writer’s Guild Award. He is also the writer-creator of The Newsroom and the play and Academy Award-winning film A Few Good Men. Bartlett Sher directs the production. As well as having spent over ten years as Director of the Lincoln Centre Theatre, he has also headed acclaimed recent productions such as My Fair Lady and the Tony Award-winning South Pacific. In the UK, he has directed several productions for the English National Opera. Rhys Ifans will lead the cast as the iconic character Atticus Finch. Ifans will be familiar to many from his film roles, including Spike in Notting Hill, The Lizard in The Amazing Spider-Man, and Xenophilius Lovegood in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. His recent stage credits also include Scrooge in A Christmas Carol and Fool in King Lear for the Old Vic, and King Berenger in Exit the King for the National Theatre. Further casting is to be announced. An enduring exploration of childhood and racial inequality that still resonates today, To Kill a Mockingbird opens at the Gielgud Theatre on 21st May 2020 to 27th June 2020. Purchase your tickets here Save my name and email for the next time I comment. 7:30 pm - 10:30 pm | 29 January 2020 That’s What She Said LDN: Feat. Birdspeed Birdspeed is an outstanding award winning artist, known for her ability to captivate audiences by effortlessly weaving poetry, storytelling, satirical humour and movement What’s on at the Jazz Cafe: Black Music Round Up One of London’s most iconic live music venues, plays host to an array of Soul, Reggae, Gospel and R’n’B legends over the coming months 2:00 pm - 5:00 pm | 01 February 2020 Mindful Art Class: African Textile Collage Create a meaningful work of art in a workshop led by artist Birungi Kawooya, in a mindful and inspiring environment. Meeting of Minds To keep up to date with the latest news please subscribe to our newsletter below. Copyright © 2019-2020 Meeting of Minds. Registered in England and Wales as 'Minds That Meet Up'. Site credit: Raphael O'Selle & Chris Bradley uchechi.eke@meetingofmindsuk.uk Company Registration No. 12174697.

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Synaxis of the Saints of Antioch About The Icons The icons of the Saints of Antioch were introduced at the 37th National Melkite Convention in Newport Beach. The lives of the saints in the two icons, one of the male saints and one of the female saints, are described below. The icons were donated in memory of Elie & Georgette Sayegh and John & Marie Sidhom. May their memories be eternal. Guide to the Icon of the Synaxis of the Saints of Antioch venerated at Holy Cross Melkite-Greek Catholic Church, Placentia, California. Painted by the nuns of the Orthodox Convent of St. Elizabeth the Grand Duchess 2011. Published for the 47th Annual Melkite National Convention, 2011. St. Daniel the Stylite (December 10) Daniel was born to a childless couple who vowed to dedicate him to the Lord. At twelve he entered the monastery. Influenced by St. Symeon the Stylite, he set up a pillar, upon which he dwelt for 33 years. People thronged to him: the troubled, the sick, emperors, all received help through his prayers and advice. He reposed in his eightieth year. St. Symeon the Stylite (September 1) At age thirteen Symeon sought an experienced Spiritual Father. At eighteen he received monastic tonsure, eventually settling near Aleppo. So many people came seeking healing, prayers, and advice that Symeon isolated himself atop an 80 foot pillar. He told his mother, Martha, who had long searched for him, when he refused to see her, “We shall see one another in the life to come.” She lived at the foot of his pillar in silence and prayer. When she died he reverently bid her farewell and a joyful smile appeared on her face. St. Symeon spent 80 years in his monastic labor, 47 of them upon the pillar. St. Isaac the Syrian (January 28) Saint Isaac lived the monastic life during the sixth century, in present day Iraq. Against his will, he was made Bishop of Nineveh. Once, two Christians asked him to settle a dispute over a loan. Citing the Gospel, he asked the lender to be merciful. The man said, “Leave your Gospel out of this!” Isaac replied, “If you will not submit to the Lord’s Gospel what remains for me to do here?” After only five months as bishop, Isaac resigned. Later, he went to the monastery of Raban Shabur, where he lived until his death, honored by all Christians. St. Ephraim the Syrian (January 28) Ephraim was born at the beginning of the fourth century in the city of Nisibis, Mesopotamia to poor farmers. After a difficult youth he finally recovered his senses. A brilliant teacher, musician and poet, he set up schools, attended the First Ecumenical Council, wrote commentaries on Scripture, and liturgical prayers and hymns. St. Basil the Great wanted to ordain him a priest, but he refused. But at Basil’s insistence, he was ordained a deacon, which he remained. They wanted to make him a bishop, but he feigned madness. Toward the end of his life Edessa suffered a devastating famine. Coordinating the relief, the saint persuaded the wealthy to aid those in need. He finally withdrew to a cave to end his days. St. Joseph of Damascus the New Hieromartyr (July 10) Born in Beirut on 15 May, 1793, Joseph was ordained a priest in 1817 for the Eparchy of Damascus. Known for his compassion and brilliant intellect he was director of the patriarchal school from 1836 to 1860. In 1860, at Ottoman instigation, the Druze began to slaughter Christians throughout the Middle East. More than 3,000 Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholics were killed in Damascus. St. Joseph leaped from rooftop to rooftop, bringing Holy Communion to the dying. He was eventually apprehended and killed. St. John of Damascus (December 4) From an influential Damascene family, John was city prefect under the Caliph. Because he openly denounced the Byzantine emperor’s iconoclasm, a treasonous letter was forged causing the Caliph to amputate John’s right hand. The hand was miraculously reattached by the Mother of God. John entered the monastery of Mar Saba with his stepbrother, Cosmas. Their life was difficult under a particularly strict elder. Eventually ordained a priest, the talented writer, preacher, poet and musician, served the Patriarch of Jerusalem. He remained a monk of Mar Saba and only left the monastery to denounce the iconoclasts at Constantinople, surviving imprisonment and torture. He died about the year 780, more than 100 years old. His cell has been preserved at Mar Saba and may be visited by pious pilgrims. St. Romanos the Melodist (October 1) Romanos the Melodist was born in the fifth century in Homs to Jewish parents. Following his conversion to Christianity he moved to Constantinople, where he served at Hagia Sophia. Not a talented reader or singer, he once read so poorly that another reader had to take his place. The other clerics ridiculed him. Than night, the Mother of God appeared to the grief-stricken youth and gave him a scroll to eat. Miraculously he was given the gift of poetry and musical talent. At the following service, Romanos exquisitely said his first Kontakion: “Today the Virgin gives birth to the Transcendent in Essence...” He was ordained a deacon and he composed nearly a thousand hymns, many of which are still extant and sung in our churches today. About eighty survive. He died around 556. St. Cyprian the Former Sorcerer (October 2) Cyprian, a native of Antioch, was a pagan philosopher and powerful sorcerer. When a Christian virgin, Justina, refused marriage, her suitor asked Cyprian to cast a love spell. But the maiden overcame the magic by prayer and fasting. Seeing this, Cyprian rejection over thirty years of service to the demons, burned his occult books, was baptized and shortly ordained priest then bishop. St. Justina withdrew to a monastery and was chosen Abbess. During the persecution against Christians under the emperor Diocletian, Bishop Cyprian and Abbess Justina were arrested, tortured and beheaded. The printed prayer called the Kibrianos is named after St. Cyprian. St. Artemios the Great-Martyr (October 20) Artemios was a prominent military governor who served the emperors Constantine the Great, and his son Constantius. They were succeeded by Julian the Apostate who tried to annihilate the Christian Faith. Artemios publicly denounced Julian, was tortured and still refused to honor the pagan gods. Julian resorted to even more savage tortures and finally decapitation. St. Meletios of Antioch (February 12) Meletios was Bishop of Antioch. Through Arian intrigue he was thrice deposed, hiding during the reign of Julian the Apostate. He ordained St. Basil the Great a deacon and also baptized St. John Chrysostom and ordained him deacon. In 380 the saint presided over the Second Ecumenical Council at Constantinople. He died during the Council and his relics were brought back to Antioch. St. Ignatius the God-Bearer (December 20) Ignatius, the second bishop of Antioch, was a disciple of the holy Apostle and Evangelist John. A tradition suggests that he was the child the Savior held while saying: “Unless you become as little children, you shall not enter the Kingdom of Heaven” (Mt. 18:3). Thus the name Theophoros that means God-Bearer or God Borne. In the year 107 he was sent to Rome to be thrown to the wild beasts in the arena. St. Ignatius joyfully accepted the sentence impose upon him. His Seven Letters written on his way to martyrdom are still widely read. St. John Chrysostom (November 13) John’s father died soon after his birth in 347. He was raised by his young, widowed mother. A brilliant student of philosophy and rhetoric, he turned to Holy Scripture and contemplation. At about age twenty he was baptized then eventually tonsured reader. When his mother died, he embraced monasticism with his friend Basil. They were considered candidates for the episcopacy and fled, but Basil was apprehended and consecrated. His strictness of life obliged John to return to Antioch for health reasons. He was ordained deacon in 381 and priest in 386. A splendid preacher, his words earned him the name Golden Mouthed, (Chrysostom). For twelve years the saint preached, often daily. He was known for his care for the poor. His fame grew, and in 397 St. John Chrysostom was elected to the see of Constantinople. The saint compiled a Liturgy, denounced the dissolute morals of the capital, and was exiled numerous times, eventually dying from his mistreatment. Receiving the Holy Mysteries, he fell asleep in the Lord on September 14, 407. His last words were, “Glory to God for all things!” St. Raphael of Brooklyn (February 27) In 1860 Raphael Hawaweeny was born in Beirut to refugees from the slaughter of Christians in Damascus. He was intellectually gifted. He was eventually tonsured a monk, ordained a deacon, and appointed preacher by Gerasimos of Antioch. He was elected to the Theological Academy of Kiev. He was ordained priest and in 1885 began to serve Arabic speaking Christians scattered throughout North America. He translated Services into Arabic and English. In 1903 he became the first Orthodox bishop consecrated on American soil. He fell asleep in the Lord in 1915. St. Julian of Homs (February 6) The Holy Martyr Julian of Homs was a skilled physician who healed illnesses of body and soul. In 312 he encouraged the martyrs, Bishop Silvanus, the Deacon Luke and the Reader Mocius in their sufferings, and was himself arrested. Nails were driven into his head, hands and feet. St. Ananias the Apostle (October 1 and January 4) The Holy Apostle Ananias of the Seventy was the first bishop of Damascus. He baptized the former persecutor Saul, the Apostle Paul (Acts 9). Because he refused to offer sacrifice to idols, he was tortured and stoned to death. St. Neonilla (October 28) Neonilla, her husband Terence, their children, Sarbelus, Photius, Theodulus, Hierax, Nita, Vele and Eunice, were all martyred under Decius. Subjected to terrible tortures, they were finally beheaded. St. Episteme (November 5) Epistime was converted to Christ by her betrothed, Galacteon. They canceled the wedding and went to two nearby monasteries where the monastics were old and infirm. During a persecution, soldiers were sent to apprehend the monastics. Galacteon would not flee. He was led away. Epistime went to witness with her former fiancé and teacher. Their hands and legs were cut off, their tongues cut out, and they were then beheaded. Athanasia (October 9) Saint Athanasia and her husband Andronicus lived in Antioch in the fifth century. When they lost their children, they dedicated themselves to the service of the poor and eventually entered separate monasteries in Egypt. After twelve years Andronicus went to the holy places in Jerusalem. He met Athanasia, who had donned men’s attire for safety’s sake. Unrecognized, both settled in a single cell and for many years lived the ascetic life in silence. St. Athanasia wrote a note to Andronicus, to be read after her death, revealing her secret. St. Andronicus died soon after St. Athanasia. St. Stephanie (November 11) At his martyrdom in second century Damascus, St. Victor restored the sight of his blinded executioners. Witnessing this miracle, Stephanie, the young Christian wife of one of the torturers, confessed Christ and was condemned to death. Tied to two bent palm trees, she was torn apart when they were released. She was fifteen years old. St. Pelagia the Penitent (October 8) A much sought after dancer and courtesan, Pelagia was converted to Christianity by St. Nonnus, Bishop of Edessa. Three days after her baptism, she gave her considerable wealth to Bishop Nonnus who distributed it among the poor saying, “Let this be wisely dispersed, so that these riches gained by sin may become a wealth of righteousness.” She settled in a cell on the Mount of Olives, disguised as a monk, attaining great spiritual gifts. When she died, she was buried in her cell. St. Zenobia (October 30) Zenobia and her brother Zenobius distributed their inheritance to the poor. Zenobius had the gift of healing and was chosen Bishop of Cilicia. Arrested during the persecution of Diocletian, he was nailed to a cross and tortured. Unable to remain silent his sister joined him. They were tortured with red-hot iron and boiling water and ultimately beheaded. St. Marina (Margaret) the Great-martyr of Antioch (July 17) Marina was the daughter of a pagan priest. A nursemaid raised her as a Christian. Learning this, her father disowned her. At fifteen, she was arrested during the persecution of Diocletian. Tortured with fire and various instruments she prayed to be tortured with water that her execution might become her Baptism. When she was plunged into water, a light, a dove, and a crown appeared, her fetters broke and her burns and wounds healed. She was beheaded with 15,000 others. There is an eyewitness account. St. Maria of Mesopotamia (October 29) Abramius the hermit and Blessed Maria, his niece, were contemporaries and fellow countrymen of St. Ephraim the Syrian. Maria was raised by her uncle but at twenty-seven fell into sin with a man. Ashamed, she ran away and lived by prostitution. St. Abramius disguised himself as a soldier and went off to find his niece. Pretending to be a client, with tears and exhortations he brought her to repentance and took her back to her cell. The Lord forgave her and even granted her the gift of healing. She died five years after St. Abramius. Sts. Myranna and Kyra (February 28) The sisters Myranna and Kyra lived in fourth century Syria. They sealed themselves in a roofless enclosure with a small opening. They wore heavy iron chains. During a three-year period, they ate once every forty days. Their former servants joined them nearby. So they lived for forty years, only leaving to make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and Mar Takla. Sts. Myranna and Kyra died about the year 450. St. Eudokia (March 1) Eudokia was a Samaritan, a native of Baalbek, who led a sinful life. Repenting she embraced the monastic life. One of her former lovers, aflame with passion, came to the monastery disguised as a monk. “May God rebuke you and not allow you to leave these premises,” Eudokia cried. The impostor fell dead. Taken aback, Eudokia raised him by her prayers. He begged forgiveness, was baptized, and lived and exemplary life. By her prayers Eudokia raised the dead a number of times. She lived the monastic life for fifty-six years. During a persecution in 107, she was beheaded on March 1st. St. Justina (October 2) The holy virgin Justina lived in Antioch. She refused marriage and her suitor asked a famous sorcerer, Cyprian, for a love spell. But the maiden overcame all the wiles of the devil by prayers and fasting. Cyprian, seeing the devil’s impotence, burned his occult books, was baptized and shortly ordained a priest then bishop. St. Justina withdrew to a monastery and was chosen Abbess. During the persecution under the emperor Diocletian, Bishop Cyprian and Abbess Justina were arrested, tortured, and beheaded. St. Febronia (June 25) Febronia was raised at a monastery in Assyria where her aunt Bryaena was abbess. Diocletian sent soldiers there under the command of Selinus, Lysimachus, and Primus to eradicate the convent. Selinus was noted for his hatred of Christians, but his nephew Lysimachus, whose mother had died a Christian, was sympathetic. Lysimachus plotted with his kinsman Primus to save Christians. The nuns hid except for the abbess Bryaena, her helper Thomais and Febronia, who was seriously ill at the time. Primus and Lysimachus tried to save Febronia. Lysmachus even offered to marry her but she refused. The vile Selinus subjected her to fierce torture and finally beheaded the holy martyr. Leaving the execution, Selinus became like one deranged, raving and bellowing. He fell, struck his head on a marble column and died. Abbess Bryaena, moved by seeing her niece’s remains gave order to open the convent so that all could venerate the holy martyr. The repentant Lysimachus and Primus, accepted both Baptism and monasticism. St. Christina of Tyre the Great-martyr (July 24) Christina’s father was governor of Tyre in the third century. At age of 11, he sent her to be trained as a pagan priestess. Instead she smashed the idols and confessed Christ. In a rage he brought her to trial. Tortured with fire and water, she was saved by an angel. He father suddenly died. The next governor resumed he various torments She survived five days in a red-hot furnace and was finally beheaded. St. Barbara the Great-Martyr (December 4) Barbara was the daughter of the governor of Damascus, or Baalbek. He enclosed her in a tower but she managed to find Christianity, which enraged her father. He tortured her along with a bystander, Juliana, who protested the mistreatment. He beheaded his daughter with his own hand and was then stuck by lightening. In the Western Church she is the patroness of artillerymen and all who work with explosives. Sweetened wheat is prepared for her feastday. St. Thecla, Equal to the Apostles and Protomartyr (September 24) At eighteen the beautiful princess Thecla heard the Apostle Paul and fled an arranged marriage. He mother demanded her death. Surviving burning, she sought Sts. Paul and Barnabas who were preaching in Antioch. She again refused marriage and was tortured. Again preserved, she lived as a healer in solitude. Thecla was ninety when jealous pagan healers tried to attack her. St. Thecla prayed and the rock split and enveloped her. This spot, present day Maaloula in Syria, is still a place of pilgrimage and healing. The first woman martyr, she is invoked during the monastic tonsure of women. St. Martha (September 1) Saint Martha and her husband Sisotion were the parents of St. Simeon the Stylite. At eighteen, Simeon had left home and received the monastic tonsure without his parents’ knowledge. Many years later St. Martha went to see him. When he refused to see her, she spent the rest of her life in silence and prayer near his pillar. When she died, St. Simeon ordered that her body be brought to him. He prayed over his mother’s body for some time, shedding many tears. Witnesses said that a smile appeared on St. Martha’s face.

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Campus Library and Museum Collaboration to support collaborations among campus libraries and museums. Notre Dame, IN, United States Access and Library Services Other grants awarded to University of Notre Dame Way of Life Course Network in Philosophy Notre Dame, United States Awarded $806,000 in May 2018 to support the creation of a network that will organize and expand the Way of Life curricular model Arts and Letters 5+1 Graduate Program Awarded $1,500,000 in June 2016 to support graduate education program reform Sacred Music Drama Awarded $400,000 in May 2012 to support a new initiative for the interdisciplinary study and production of sacred music drama

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Capital district Bamako is the capital of Mali. In the suburb Koulouba is the government district of Mali. The city lies on the River Niger. The district Bamako is divided into six municipalities Commune I, II Commune, Commune III, IV commune, commune V and VI commune. Bamako has 1,809,106 inhabitants according to the results of the census conducted in 2009. Owes its origin to an old prophecy Bamako. According to this, the family of Niaré should create a great dynasty. Following the prophecy drew the Niaré to the banks of the river, where they founded the late 16th century the city. It became a trading center and had already before the conquest by French troops in 1883 about 600 residents. In 1908 it became the capital of the French province Upper Senegal and Niger. After gaining independence from France (1960 ) they made it the capital of the State of Mali, which formed a one-party state. In 1968, General Moussa Traoré coup to power. 1987 Bamako was the meeting of a WHO conference, the health policy in Africa changed sustained under the name Bamako Initiative. In 1991, after riots for democratic reforms and the adoption of a constitution (see coup in Mali 1991). 1992 Alpha Oumar Konaré was elected president. The country has a democratic constitution since 1992. Head of state was since June 8, 2002, President Amadou Toumani Touré, initially for five years directly elected and re-elected on 29 April 2007. Following the resignation of Prime Minister Modibo Sidibé on 30 March 2011, with the non-party Cissé Mariam Sidibé Kaïdama first female head of government in Mali. Economy and Transport As a commercial and industrial center (textile industry) Bamako is the most important business location in Mali. From Bamako from the railway line Dakar - Niger via Kita, Mahina, Kayes in the port city of Dakar in Senegal. Furthermore, the city via the airport Bamako accessible. The Musée National du Mali archaeological and ethnological collections are displayed. The collection of the Bibliothèque nationale du Mali includes about 60,000 works. Every two years there is the photography exhibition Rencontres africaines de la photographie. Since 2003, the music festival Trophée de la musique au Mali is annually held in Bamako. In the course of the best musicians in Mali are awarded the Tamanis. Among the most successful teams in the country with numerous national titles include football clubs Djoliba AC, Stade Malien and AS Real Bamako. When used, among other venues opened in 2001, and 50,000 -seat Stade du 26 Mars and the Stade Modibo Keïta with 35,000 seats. In both stages of the Africa Cup 2002 Games were held. In the Paris-Dakar Rally Bamako was a stage stop several times. Sons and daughters of the town Bamako maintains the following twinning: France Angers, France ( 1974) Germany Leipzig, Germany (1966 ) United States Rochester (New York), United States (1975 ) Brazil São Paulo, Brazil ( 2000) Sennen Andriamirado: Le Mali Aujourd'hui Pictures of Bamako Bamako (film) Governor World Health Organization Bamako-Initiative Seydou Keïta (photographer) Jean Tigana Soumaila Coulibaly Boubacar Diarra Mamady Sidibé Adama Coulibaly Mahamadou Diarra Idrissa Coulibaly Regions of Mali

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Tickets go on sale on Friday, October 25 ATLANTA (October 25, 2019) – Feld Entertainment, Inc. has announced that Monster Energy AMA Supercross, an FIM World Championship, will return to Mercedes-Benz Stadium on Saturday, February 29, bringing action-packed, two-wheeled excitement back to Atlanta. Tickets go on sale to the general public on Friday, October 25. Monster Energy Supercross features the world’s most elite athletes chasing their dreams onto U.S. soil inside America’s most well-known stadiums. Three first-time champions, Cooper Webb (450SX Class), Dylan Ferrandis (Western Regional 250SX Class) and Chase Sexton (Eastern Regional 250SX Class) will be eager to defend their titles. Last season fans witnessed the closest finish in the sports forty-six-year history between Team Honda HRC’s Ken Roczen and Red Bull KTM Factory Racing’s Cooper Webb. Anything can happen once the gate drops and 2020 promises to be an exceptional season as the deep field of Jason Anderson, Marvin Musquin, Eli Tomac, Chad Reed, Justin Barcia, Justin Brayton and incoming premiere class rookie, Adam Cianciarulo continue to make their mark on the sport’s history. Check out the Supercross 2020 Season trailer video here. The Western Regional 250SX Class Championship will be contested at the following rounds – Anaheim, CA on January 4; St. Louis, MO on January 11; Anaheim, CA on January 18; Glendale, AZ on January 25; Oakland, CA on February 1; San Diego, CA on February 8; Seattle, WA on March 28 and Las Vegas, NV on April 25. The Eastern Regional 250SX Class Championship will be contested at the following rounds – Tampa, FL on February 15, Arlington, TX on February 22; Atlanta, GA on February 29, Daytona Beach, FL on March 7; Indianapolis, IN on March 14; Detroit, MI on March 21 and Foxborough, MA on April 18. The East/West Showdown races will be held at Empower Field at Mile High in Denver, CO on April 4 and Rice-Eccles Stadium in Salt Lake City, UT on May 2. East/West Showdown races became synonymous with the Las Vegas finale and were the only time in the season where both the Eastern Regional 250SX Class and Western Regional 250SX Class athletes raced together in what was originally combined non-points paying events. This changed in 2016 when the series changed the format to points-paying races as the only Main Event in the 250SX Class. 2020 will mark the first time in the sports history that the East/West Showdown races will take place in two new cities, in-an-effort to expose the younger 250SX Class athletes to new audiences. While athletes begin to qualify inside the stadium, Supercross FanFest will kick off outside the stadium in the paddock where the expansive 14-acre footprint will feature experiential activities for all ages – athlete autograph signings, enhanced Monster Energy demos and musical acts (select markets), lounging areas, charging stations, Kawasaki’s Z World (select markets), Monster Energy Supercross, the Official Video Game 3 Experience, Supercross Virtual Reality Experience, photo opportunity set ups, food and beverages, plus authentic Supercross and racer merchandise. Fans can experience all of this while also enjoying in-and-out access to the stadium and track to watch practice and qualifying rounds. Gates Open / Practice & Qualifying starts at 10 a.m. FanFest hours: 10 a.m. – 4 p.m. Racing starts at 4:30 p.m. Mercedes-Benz Stadium, 1 AMB Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30313 Ticket prices start as low as $20! FanFest passes are priced at just $20 (available in advance or at the gate) Tickets & FanFest Passes will be available for purchase online at Ticketmaster.com or in-person at the venue Box Office week of event. **ticket prices subject to change – venue/ticketing fees may apply. Mercedes-Benz Stadium Announces Food and Beverage Additions for the 2019 Football Season

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CAS News "Funnel Cakes Not Included" explores suicidal expression through a comedic lens Written by Taylor Fortner and Max Pikras, CAS communications interns On October 14, playwright Deena Nyer Mendlowitz presented "Funnel Cakes Not Included," a comedic one-woman play about living with suicidal depression, to a large audience in Wilks Auditorium, as part of Suicide Prevention Week. The play, featuring Anne McEvoy, consisted of a series of monologues that present topics related to depression in a humorous way. They ranged from the search for the ideal psychiatrist, to 'first dates' with therapists, to how there should be an 'exchange' program for different antidepressant medications, and more. Mendlowitz, the playwright, based the jokes on her personal experiences struggling with suicide and depression. She uses humor and comedy in an attempt to destigmatize depression. "I always think somebody's going to be more interested in what you're saying if you can be funny when you're saying it," she told the audience in the Q&A session after the play concluded. Actress Anne McEvoy has been in the play's starring role since 2014. She and Mendlowitz met while working at American Greetings in Cleveland, Ohio. Mendlowitz described McEvoy's sense of empathy as something that fully allowed her to get into character. "Funnel Cakes Not Included" features various props, including children's toys, moving boxes, Mendlowitz's drawings, and a projection of an amusement park depicting attractions such as 'Plunge into Darkness', 'Psych Facility Island', and 'Mood Swings'. Mendlowitz focuses on promoting the idea that depression is an actual disease, and is not something that needs to be hidden from the public. The production at Miami was a different version than the original, Mendlowitz said. To fit with Miami's observation of Suicide Prevention Week, she modified some content so that she could focus more on the need to reach out and get help when you need it. "If you want to make change and effect change, you make it appropriate for where you're at," she explained. In fact, Mendlowitz said the piece she had written for Miami's version turned out to be among the parts that she was most proud of. The play and McEvoy's performance generated many laughs from the audience, while also providing greater awareness about depression. Afterwards, Mendlowitz and members of Miami's Psychology Clinic and Student Counseling Service answered audience questions and encouraged the idea of seeking support and of the availability of local resources. In addition to raising awareness about depression, Mendlowitz said that creating the play, and using humor to do so, has been an excellent way to help her cope with her own mental health. "[E.E.Cummings] has a quote that says, 'It takes courage to grow up and be who you are,'" she said. "That's what this is for me right now—still figuring out who I am!" Visit the Funnel Cakes Not Included website.

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Shoeless Joe Jackson’s Post-White Sox Life and Death This is from the New York Times in the middle of 1922, describing a pr campaign to rehabilitate Jackson and Buck Weaver: This is from an Associated Press story in January 1934, when Jackson asked Kenesaw Mountain Landis for reinstatement: Finally, here are some comments from Ty Cobb and a brief summary of Jackson on his death in December 1951: With an AP picture of Jackson in 1935: on August 30, 2012 at 5:00 pm Comments (1) Tags: Black Sox, Shoeless Joe Jackson The Boston Braves’ World Series Title in 1914 This championship is a potential dual antidote for the depression Red Sox and Braves fans face in the aftermath of their teams’ collapses and abandonment of wild-card berths in the 2011 playoffs. The pictures below come from the Boston Globe covering the Braves wrapping up a four-game sweep of the World Series on October 13, 1914, by beating the Philadelphia A’s, 3-1, at Fenway Park. The Braves played at Fenway to take advantage of its 27,000 seats, greater capacity than their home park, South End Grounds. (In 1915, after the Braves opened their Braves Field, the Red Sox played the World Series there, because it held about 40,000 vs. Fenway’s 27,000.) The lead headline and cartoon: A rundown of the attendance and receipts for both teams, with more cartoons too: (An aside that this level of attention to the gate and money shows up in coverage of the 1917 World Series as well.) The box score for game 4: And finally, a gallery of pictures of all the members of the 1914 Braves: The Globe’s description of game 4 is not especially memorable. It wrote that the performance “closed a remarkable series of games, in which men practically unknown to fame a couple of months ago have become heroes, and in which high-class and high-priced stars failed to show the skill and nerve that made them famous in former series.” Words that apply very adequately to Tampa Bay and Boston in 2011. Nonetheless, the 1914 Braves team is probably the most anonymous to make a great comeback, with no all-time greats, and from a time so far removed just about no one has even secondhand memories of its accomplishment. In summary, the 1914 Braves were 12-28, in 8th (last) place in the N.L. as of June 8, and remained in last for all but one day up until July 19. In fact, from April 25 through July 19, they were out of last on only two days. The Braves were 12 games out of first on July 25, at 40-45, tied for first on August 25, at 60-49, and wound up at 94-59, in first place by 10.5 games. In the interval from July 15 to season’s end, they had 6 winning streaks of at least 5 games, going from 33-43 to 94-59, or 61-16. on September 30, 2011 at 5:49 pm Leave a Comment Tags: 1914 World Series, boston baseball, Boston Braves, Boston Globe, fenway park The End of the 1918 Cubs-Red Sox World Series With the Cubs and Red Sox playing in Boston this weekend for the first time since the 1918 World Series, and some recent hoopla over the possibility that the 1918 series was thrown, I went through the Chicago Tribune archives, looking to see how they covered the last game of that series, on September 11, 1918. The coverage was hidden far inside the front of the Tribune, with no picture or cartoon of the Cubs or Red Sox, only a short game story, a few sidebars, the box score, and the cumulative series stats. Why? Well, Joseph McCormick had just won election as the Republican nominee to be the next junior Senator from Illinois: the Tribune’s huge headline was “McCORMICK WINS” Look at the cropped front page, which supplies ample proof of Chicago’s love for local politics: McCormick had been a publisher and owner of the Tribune (the McCormicks ran the Tribune for decades), so you can almost understand why the paper spent so much time on him winning the primary. But much more importantly, the first World War was going on. Here is a page from the Tribune of Sept. 12 listing the American war dead and wounded: This was a single day’s worth of casualties: it’s been decades since the U.S. had to grapple with anything near that volume of death in combat. Because of the war, the 1918 season was shortened and the World Series was being played in early September, not early October. Here’s the Tribune’s page on the conclusion of the series: A few excerpts from the page show how deeply the war was overwhelming the World Series. The start and end of the game account: “For the duration of the war Boston’s Red Sox made themselves world’s champions today by defeating the Cubs, 2 to 1, in the sixth game of a series which has been remarkable for its closeness. . . . The Cubs were inoffensive in the ninth, and professional baseball made its curtain bow until the end of the war.” And three sidebars: “Another delegation of wounded soldiers and sailors invalided home saw the game, and their entrance on crutches supported by their comrades evoked louder cheers than anything the athletes did on the diamond.” “Among Chicago’s throngs of busy people, the news from Boston yesterday afternoon telling of the Cubs’ defeat for the world’s championship passed as an incident of little consequence. Where a year ago crowds gathered to get news bulletins from the annual combat, only a few were found, and those few took the result passively. “The general feeling for the last six weeks that playing ball was not helping much in winning the war practically killed interest even in the annual series for the world’s title. Then, to cap the climax, the players had to engage in a row with the national commission over the division of the spoils during the series, which brought disgust to the season’s windup.” [That is, the players had threatened to go on strike before game 5 because they weren’t getting a large enough share of the World Series revenue.] “One feature of the finale of professional baseball was the parting of the baseball writers, many of whom have been reporting world’s series for nearly twenty years, and whose parting phrase has always been, “See you next year.” Today it was different, for there is no “next year” for professional baseball, and many of the writers assigned to this world’s series will be in the trenches next spring if their plans are not thwarted by physical disabilities or the end of the war.” on May 21, 2011 at 1:15 pm Comments (2) Tags: 1918 World Series, Chicago Tribune, Cubs, Joseph McCormick, Red Sox, World War One The First Game at Fenway Park: April 20, 1912 Here’s how the Boston Globe of April 21, 1912 described the game: Boston’s beautiful new ball park in the Fenway was yesterday opened before a crowd of 24,000 spectators. There was no time wasted in childish parades. Mayor Fitzgerald dignified the occasion by tossing out the new ball and the Speed Boys and Highlanders were soon at it, starting the game at 1:10 and closing the entertainment at 4:20, when Tristram Speaker, the Texas sharpshooter, with two down in the 11th inning and Steve Yerkes, on third, smashed the ball too fast for the shortstop to handle and the winning run came over the plate, making the score 7 to 6, and the immense crowd leaving for home for a cold supper, but wreathed in smiles to see the Speed Boys come from behind and by dint of staying prowess land the victory. The day was ideal. The bright sun brought out the bright colors of the flags and bunting that decorated the big grandstand, and gave the new uniforms of the players a natty look. Before the game started, the crowd broke into the outfield and remained behind the ropes, forcing the teams to make ground rules, all hits going for two bases. This ruling was a big disadvantage to the home team, for the Highland laddies never hit for more than a single, while three of Boston’s hits went into the crowd, whereas with a clear field they would have gone for three-base drives and possibly home runs, and would have landed the home team a winner before the ninth inning. While the grounds were in fair condition, there were spots where the earth was soft and lumpy, and this caused fumbling that would never have occurred on a dry field. The visitors piled up five runs in short order through the misplays around the infield and unlooked-for wildness by “Buck” O’Brien. The Red Sox made it very plain at the start that they were out to make a game fight to a finish, for they scored one run in the first on spanking doubles by Yerkes and Speaker. There was also the fumble, Yerkes making no fewer than three of them, but he was forgiven, for he was stinging the ball in a phenomenal way, turning in five hits in succession, all of them pretty drives, and two doubles in the bunch. There was some grand outfielding by Lewis, Hooper, Daniels and young Zinn. . . The game was full of interest, the crowd holding its seats to the end, figuring that the Red Sox would eventually nose out the Broadway swells. . . . The Boston Braves were represented by “Duke” Farrell, “Cy” Young and C. James Connolly. The park was crowded with veteran ball players and fans, and everyone praised the new park, which is a model in every way. . . . [In the bottom of the first] Yerkes doubled to the bank in left for two bases and scored on Speaker’s drive into the crowd at center for two bases. . . . [In the bottom of the 11th] Hall opened for Boston with a strikeout, and Hooper sent up a foul fly for Street. Yerkes rolled a slow one that Dolan gathered in on the run and threw over Chase’s head, Yerkes landing on second. He made third on a passed ball. At first Vaughn intended to pass Tris Speaker, then changed his mind and tried to sneak one over. But the Texas boy smashed the ball past short, and Yerkes scored the winning run. The Globe’s box score: And the headline: on April 18, 2011 at 3:50 am Comments (2) Tags: boston red sox, fenway park, tris speaker Ernie Shore’s “Perfect” Game and Babe Ruth’s Ejection in 1917 The Boston Globe covered this game with as much attention to the fracas that got Babe Ruth ejected after walking the first batter as to Ernie Shore’s feat of retiring the 26 batters he faced in relief, which, with the first batter being thrown out stealing, made 27 straight outs, if not quite an absolute perfect game. It happened at Fenway Park on June 23, 1917, in the first game of a doubleheader vs. the Washington Senators. Here’s most of the Globe’s account: FAME FOR SHORE, SOX IN TWIN WIN No-Hit, No-Run and No-Man-to-First Performance Modest Ernie Shore took a place in the Hall of Fame as a no-hit, no-run, no man-reached-first base pitcher in the curtain-raiser of the twin bill with the Griffmen at Fenway Park yesterday. It was the best pitching seen in this city since 1904 when Cy Young put over a similar feat, the only difference being that Uncle Cyrus pitched to every batter, while the Carolina professor did not get into the exercises until after Ruth, who had walked Morgan, the first batter, had been removed from the pastime for striking Umpire Brick Owns. . . While Shore covered himself with glory. . . Baltimore Babe with his temper beyond control went to the dugout under a cloud and undoubtedly will be severely punished by Pres Johnson. His suspension will cripple the Red Sox badly as they need the big portsider very much. Babe pitched four balls to Morgan and accused Owens of missing two of them. “Get in there and pitch,” ordered Owens. “Open your eyes and keep them open,” chirped Babe. “Get in and pitch or I will run you out of there,” was the comeback of the arbiter. “You run me out and I will come in and bust you on the nose,” Ruth threatened. “Get out of there now,” said Brick. Then in rushed Ruth. Chester Thomas tried to prevent him from reaching Owens, who had not removed his mask, but Babe started swinging both hands. The left missed the arbiter, but the right struck him behind the left ear. Manager Barry and several policemen had to drag Ruth off the field. All season Babe has been fussing a lot. Nothing has seemed to satisfy him. Prof Shore stepped to the hill and, after Sam Agnew had taken care of Morgan when he endeavored to annex second, Ernie just breezed along calmly. He fielded his position well and was ready for any of those cantankerous bunts that the opponents might try to lay down. But strange to say the Griffmen were off that stuff, relying mostly on the slam-bang system. The Carolinian is indebted to Scotty [shortstop Everett Scott] and Duffy Lewis for making his record. The Bluffton Kid robbed Jamieson of a hit in the fifth when a hard hit ball was deflected by Shore, Scotty being obliged to travel fast. However, he made a one hand pick-up and tossed out the runner. In the seventh “Duff” went back to his own little cliff for a bang from Morgan and in the final frame came in like lightning and speared one that Henry had planted in short left. Shore fanned only two and it did not seem as if he was working hard. He made a number of nifty plays himself. Barry closed the game with a grand play on a swinging bunt by pinch hitter Menoskey. Here’s the Globe’s box score: Tags: Babe Ruth, ernie shore, Perfect Games Celebrating Baseball Old-Timer Lena Blackburne In February I started a project on this blog of asking people to name their favorite obscure baseball figure: it can be a player, manager, umpire, or anyone else employed by pro baseball. My choice is Lena Blackburne, for several reasons. His rubbing mud is the industry standard; his endearing nickname (his real name was Russell Aubrey Blackburne); him getting the White Sox’s first two hits at the real, original Comiskey Park, him pitching for the first and only time in the majors at age 42: that was his last game, in 1929. He hit a single to win a 1927 game when he was 40 and the temporary White Sox manager in place of an ejected Ray Schalk; he died on Leap Day 1968 at 81; he was a baseball lifer, who worked for the Philadelphia and Kansas City A’s, into his 70s, as a scout for the A’s. Lena covered practically the full spectrum of baseball jobs: infielder, pitcher, coach, manager, scout, entrepreneur. He was a baseball man, one of the old-timers who help keep MLB together, and he was also apparently a strong-minded, proud, tough man, which is a nice contradiction of his feminine nickname. Here’s what Jim Bintliff, who now runs the Baseball Rubbing Mud enterprise Lena started in about 1939, had to say about his character: “Having only met Lena as a young boy I don’t know a lot of his history. I do know he was a hard nosed German man. Proud and fair, and could be as gentle as he could be tough. “I was told a story about him walking in a snowstorm one night to get medicine for a sick player on his minor league roster while he was a manager. But I also heard that he sent one player packing for not reacting to every pitch while playing left field. He was a die hard American Leaguer, not even offering to let the National League have his mud until the late 40’s early 50’s. I know he had the first official hit in Cominsky Park.” on March 22, 2011 at 3:05 pm Leave a Comment Tags: Comiskey Park, Jim Bintliff, Lena Blackburne, Lena Blackburne Baseball Rubbing Mud How the Chicago Cubs Came to Play at Wrigley Field Back in 1986, the Chicago Tribune’s David Ibata described the history of the Cubs’ journey around Chicago, playing in a variety of ballparks before settling on Wrigley Field. He wrote about how the one-time site of the Chicago Lutheran Theological Seminary became Weeghman Park and then Wrigley Field: The Federal [League]s’ Chicago franchise went to Charles Weeghman, known as the “Lunchroom King” for his chain of low-cost eateries. Weeghman named his team the Whales and selected a site in the North Side neighborhood of Lakeview for his new ballpark. The site, at 1060 W. Addison St. on the northeast corner of Addison and Clark Streets, one day would be “Beautiful Wrigley Field.” When Weeghman leased the land from a certain Edmund J. Archambault, though, it was anything but beautiful. The Chicago Lutheran Theological Seminary occupied the land from 1891 until 1910, giving Seminary Avenue west of the ballpark its name. Then the school moved to Maywood. It came back to the city, to 1100 E. 55th St., in 1967. Today it’s the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago. The school produced this letter from its archives to explain the move from Lakeview: The writer, Marjory R. Wing, says the seminarians were escaping “the smoke, dust, grime, soot, dirt (and) foul gases; railroading by night and day; whistles, ding-donging of bells late and early and in between times, and the ceaselessness of undesirable traffic incidental thereto that is growing more unbearable every week.” Wing referred to a rail line that skirted the west side of Wrigley Field and ran up the middle of Seminary Avenue to a private right-of-way north of Irving Park Road. It was built in the late 19th Century by the Chicago & Evanston, a steam-powered freight and commuter railroad. The Milwaukee Road acquired the C&E around the turn-of-the-century. By 1910, Addison Street had become a key way station on the line. Wing wrote of “coal yards, gravel yards, sand yards, ice stations and milk stations” that received freight trains and wagon teams “with the unsanctified men in charge sending the unsterilized particles, odors and speech into the homes, eyes and ears of the seminary habitants.” The late Bill Veeck, whose father was president of the Cubs, was born in 1914, the year Weegham built his stadium; and attended his first baseball game there in 1920, when he was 6 years old. In an interview before he died, Veeck said Weeghman built the stadium where he did “to get away from the White Sox and the Cubs. He was opening up new territory on the North Side. “I also have to think (Weeghman) was able to get a piece of land he could afford,” Veeck said. “Bear in mind, one wouldn’t put a ballpark next to a coal yard by choice. “The requirements for a ballpark in those days were quite different than now,” Veeck said. “You wanted public transportation, because there weren’t any automobiles to speak of. You had to get people there, and they wouldn’t all be from the neighborhood. Clark and Addison was an ideal location because the streetcar and elevated lines were nearby.” Weeghman Park was designed by architect Zachary Taylor Davis, who four years earlier had designed Comiskey Park on the South Side for the White Sox. The North Side stadium had a single-level grandstand and left and right field bleachers totaling 14,000 seats. To build it required 500 tradesmen, 4,000 yards of earth, four acres of bluegrass and $250,000. Led by Joe Tinker–of “Tinkers to Ever to Chance” fame–the Whales captured the Federal League pennant in 1915. Then the league folded. With the National League’s blessing, Weeghman put together a 10-man syndicate to buy the Cubs from the Tafts and move the team to his North Side park. One of those investors was the Chicago chewing gum magnate, William Wrigley Jr. The deal was closed on Jan. 20, 1916, and the team played its first game at Weeghman Park on April 20. on February 26, 2011 at 4:28 am Leave a Comment Tags: chicago cubs, Weeghman Park, Wrigley Field Fred Snodgrass’s Muffed Fly Ball in the 1912 World Series SABR’s biography of Snodgrass does a good job of explaining what happened in the eighth and final game of this series: With the Giants leading 2-1 in the bottom of the 10th of the deciding game, Fred dropped an easy fly ball by leadoff batter Clyde Engle for a two-base error. The ball was hit more toward right fielder Red Murray, but on the Giants the center fielder was supposed to call for everything he could reach. Snodgrass made the call, Murray stepped aside, and, as Snodgrass explained in later years, “because of over-eagerness, or over-confidence, or carelessness, I dropped it.” He was forever blamed for the winning rally that ensued, but two other events also contributed to the downfall of the Giants. The next batter, Harry Hooper, drilled a long shot that Snodgrass speared for a spectacular catch. In a just world, he would’ve caught the first ball and the second would’ve gone for a double, yielding the same outcome. The key to the inning was a high foul pop by Tris Speaker on which Christy Mathewson made the mistake of calling for Chief Meyers to make the catch. Meyers couldn’t reach the ball, while Merkle, who could have caught it easily, stood still as directed by Mathewson. Given a reprieve, Speaker singled to score the tying run and set up the Series-winner. In its account of the game, the Boston Globe wasted no time in blaming Snodgrass: Write in the pages of world’s series baseball history the name of Snodgrass. Write it large and black. Not as a hero; truly not. Put him rather with Merkle, who was in such a hurry that he gave away a National League championship. Snodgrass was in such a hurry that he gave away a world championship. All that Engle can do with the elusive drop served up is to hoist it high between centre and right fields. Snodgrass and Murray are both within reach of it, with time to spare. Snodgrass yells, “I’ve got it,” and sets himself to take it with ease, as he has taken hundreds of the sort . . . While the ball is soaring its leisurely way let us pause for a moment to think what hangs upon that fly. It is not the 2,000 Giant rooters who are gayly waving their blue and white flags and yelling exultantly over the certain downfall of the foe. It is not the 15,000 Boston fans who have groaned and sat silent, as though at a funeral. A President is forgetting the bitter assaults that have been made upon him. A former President is being eased of his pain by his interest in it. A campaign which may mean a change in the whole structure of the Nation’s Government has been put into the background. What happens will be flashed by telegraph the length and breadth of the land, and thereby carried over and under the sea, and millions will be uplifted or downcast. And now the ball settles. It is full and fair in the pouch of the padded glove of Snodgrass. But he is too eager to toss it to Murray and it dribbles to the ground. Before Snodgrass can hurl the ball to second Engle is perching there. Years later, Snodgrass said Engle “hit a great big, lazy, high fly ball halfway between Red Murray in left field and me. Murray called for it first, but as center fielder I had precedence over left and right, so there’d never be a collision. I yelled that I’d take it and waved Murray off, and –well–I dropped the darn thing.” In 1940, Snodgrass reflected: “Hardly a day in my life, hardly an hour, that in some manner or other the dropping of that fly doesn’t come up, even after 30 years. On the street, in my store, at my home . . . it’s all the same. They might choke up before they ask me and they hesitate–but they always ask.” Given the persistent image of Snodgrass choking away the series, it’s important to add what Harry Hooper said in The Glory of Their Times: The famous Snodgrass muff. It could happen to anybody. I was up next and I tried to bunt, but I fouled it off. On the next pitch I hit a line drive into left center that looked like a sure triple. Ninety-nine times out of a hundred no outfielder could possibly have come close to that ball. But in some way, I don’t know how, Snodgrass ran like the wind, and dang if he didn’t catch it. I think he outran the ball. Robbed me of a sure triple. I saw Snodgrass a couple of years ago at a function in Los Angeles, and I reminded him of that catch. “Well, thank you,” he said, “nobody ever mentions that catch to me. All they talk about is the muff.” I don’t know about anybody else. But I remember that catch all right. I’m the one guy who’ll never forget it. After that, Steve Yerkes got a base on balls, and that brought up Tris Speaker. We’re still behind, 2-1, and there’s one out. Well, Spoke hit a little pop foul over near first base, and old Chief Meyers took off after it. He didn’t have a chance, but Matty kept calling for him to take it. If he’d called for Merkle, it would have been an easy out. Or Matty could have taken it himself. But he kept hollering for the Chief to take it, and poor Chief–he never was too fast to begin with–he lumbered down that line after it as fast as his big legs would carry him, stuck out his big catcher’s mitt–and just missed it. Spoke went back to the batters box and yelled to Mathewson, “Well, you just called for the wrong man. It’s gonna cost you this ball game.” And on the next pitch he hit a clean single that tied the game, and a couple of minutes later Larry Gardner drove in Yerkes with the run that won it. There’s a further note about this World Series, and in it, evidence that gambling on baseball’s greatest stage was pervasive years before the Black Sox series of 1919. After the final game, the Globe wrote: “Boston will suffer in a baseball sense from the suspicion attached to the series. This suspicion is entirely unjustified, of course, as such a series could not be fixed, but a large proportion of the fans believe it was staged for theatric effects. That word was passed all over town today . . . Merkle’s failure to go after Speaker’s foul fly netted the Boston players and cost the New York players about $1,283 each.” And one final item, on Snodgrass’s life away from the ball field: he was a prominent figure–rancher, banker, city councilman-in Oxnard, California for decades, even serving as its mayor from 1937 to 1938. on October 14, 2010 at 6:50 am Leave a Comment Tags: 1912 Boston Red Sox, 1912 World Series, Fred Snodgrass, Harry Hooper The Duel Between Smoky Joe Wood and Walter Johnson at Fenway Park in September 1912 This was perhaps the first memorable game at Fenway Park, which had opened with its first game just a few months earlier, and maybe the most memorable regular season baseball game of the 1910s. In The Glory of Their Times, Wood recalled: That was my greatest season, 1912: 34 wins, 16 in a row, 3 more in the World Series, and, of course, beating Walter Johnson in that big game at Fenway Park on September 6, 1912. My regular pitching turn was scheduled to come on Saturday, and they moved it up a day so that Walter and I could face each other. Walter had already won 16 in a row and his streak had ended. I had won 13 in a row and they challenged our manager, Jake Stahl, to pitch me against Walter, so Walter could stop my streak himself. Jake agreed, and to match us against each other he moved me up in the rotation from Saturday to Friday. The newspapers publicized us like prizefighters: giving statistics comparing our height, weight, biceps, triceps, arm span, and whatnot: The Champion, Walter Johnson, versus the Challenger, Joe Wood. That was the only game I ever remember in Fenway Park, or anywhere else for that matter, where the fans were sitting practically along the first and third-base lines. Instead of sitting back where the bench usually is, we were sitting on chairs right up against the foul lines, and the fans were right behind us. The overflow had been packed between the grandstand and the foul lines, as well as out in the outfield behind ropes. Fenway Park must have contained twice as many people as its seating capacity that day. I never saw so many people in one place in my life. In fact, the fans were put on the field an hour before the game started, and it was so crowded down there I hardly had room to warm up. Well, I won, 1-0, but don’t let that fool you. In my opinion the greatest pitcher who ever lived was Walter Johnson. And in that same book, Harry Hooper called it “probably the most exciting game I ever played in or saw.” A SABR article by Emil Rothe called THE WAR OF 1912 – The Wood-Johnson Duel, argued: No single such confrontation was ever played in a more dramatic and emotional atmosphere than the game of September 6, 1912, in Boston’s Fenway Park, with Walter Johnson taking the bill for the visiting Washington Senators, opposing the Red Sox pitching ace, Smoky Joe Wood. Earlier that season Walter Johnson had fashioned a personal win streak that had reached 16, a new American League record . . . Joe Wood, starting a consecutive string of wins of his own on July 8, was threatening Johnson’s newly acquired A.L. record as a series between Washington and Boston approached. Recognizing the drama of a head-to-head meeting between these two great pitchers, baseball fans and writers, everywhere, clamored for the opportunity for Johnson, himself, to put an end to Wood’s threat to his record 16 consecutive wins acquired less than two weeks before. Walter’s regular turn was to be Friday, September 6, but Wood was not scheduled to take the mound again until Saturday. Jake Stahl, Boston manager, aware of the sporting nature of the proposal, agreed to start Wood a day earlier. The fans responded over 30,000 strong far more than Fenway Park could accommodate in those days. On the day of the game, fans who could not be seated overflowed onto the playing field. Standing room was established behind ropes in front of the outfield walls and bleachers. Other spectators crowded along the foul lines. The teams were not even able to use their own dugouts, but were obliged to use chairs set up in front of the multitudes ranged along the foul lines. As expected, the game developed into a bona fide pitching battle. Boston put together two singles in the second but Walter escaped that threat as Heinie Wagner raced into the outfield to grab a pop fly in spectacular fashion for the third out. Washington filled the bases in the third, two on walks, but Smoky Joe fanned Danny Moeller for the third out. The lone tally of this memorable game came in the sixth after Walter had disposed of the first two batters of the inning. Tris Speaker hit into the crowd in left for a ground-rule double. Duffy Lewis, next up, drove a hard liner along the right field foul line which Moeller, the Senator right fielder, almost caught, the ball just ticked his glove as Speaker scored and Lewis reached second. The Senators had men in scoring position, at second, in the sixth, eighth, and ninth but Wood was tough when he had to be. In two of those innings he got the final out via a strike out. In all, he fanned nine Senators, and the shutout was one of 10 he registered in 1912. Here are two pictures from the Boston Globe covering the game: A sidebar item on the game said: “No one who saw it will ever forget it, and may never expect to see such another. “A review of the accompanying data will give one an idea of how evenly the two men worked. Wood threw the ball just 121 times in nine innings, serving it to the batsmen 108 times and throwing it to bases 13 times. Johnson, on account of Boston not going to bat in the ninth, threw the ball but 103 times in eight innings, serving it to the batsmen 98 times and throwing it to the bases five times.” Here’s the Globe’s “record of all throws made by Wood and Johnson yesterday”: on September 4, 2010 at 1:56 pm Comments (2) Tags: 1912 Boston Red Sox, Boston Globe, pitching duels, Red Sox history, Smoky Joe Wood, Walter Johnson A Very Brief Historical Tour of Fenway Park I went to Fenway last month on a trip to Boston. I did not try to hunt down where Ted Williams hit his last homer, Smoky Joe Wood and Babe Ruth pitched, or Wade Boggs ate his pre-game chicken dinners, but I did wander around the park before the night’s game and take some pictures of landmarks. Here is a picture of the plaque commemorating the Pesky Pole: And here is a picture of the logos for the seven Red Sox World Series titles: A couple days after my Fenway visit, I went to the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, about a half-mile south of the park. There’s no obvious link between a boutique art collection in a city mansion and major league baseball, but Gardner was a big sports fan, including baseball and the Red Sox, despite being in her 60s when the American League began. In the men’s bathroom (and I guess the women’s too) were some interesting mottos of Ms. Gardner’s, etched on tiles in the walls. One said, “Win as though you were used to it and lose as if you liked it,” which would be a good motto to put in the restrooms at Fenway Park, Boston Garden, or any other sports stadium. Also, a good piece of unheeded advice for Kendry Morales, Gus Frerotte, Bill Gramatica, Tagg Bozied, Pauolo Diogo, and however many other celebrating athletes. on June 11, 2010 at 6:58 pm Leave a Comment

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ArtNow! An Artist Talk with Amir H. Fallah January 12, 2020 11:00AM - 12:00 PM $10 Admission, FREE for MOCA Members MOCA Tucson welcomes you to join us for a morning of mimosas and ArtNow! This ArtNow! will feature an in-depth conversation with artist Amir H. Fallah about his current project exhibited at the museum. About Amir H. Fallah Amir H. Fallah (b. 1979, Tehran) received his BFA in Fine Art & Painting at the Maryland Institute College of Art in 2001 and his MFA in Painting at the University of California, Los Angeles in 2005. He has exhibited extensively in solo and group exhibitions across the United States and abroad, including solo presentations at the Schneider Museum, Ashland (2017); the San Diego Art Institute (2017); the Nerman Museum of Contemporary Art, Overland (2015); Shulamit Nazarian (2018, 2016) and The Third Line, Dubai (2017, 2013, 2009, 2007, 2005). Fallah received the CCF Grant (2017), the Joan Mitchell Foundation Painters and Sculptors Grant (2015), and was selected to participate in the 9th Sharjah Biennial. Fallah has artwork in the collections of the Perez Art Museum Miami, Smart Museum of Art, Chicago the Nerman Museum of Contemporary Art, Kansas City and the Microsoft Collection among others. About the MOCA Exhibition Scatter My Ashes on Foreign Lands Amir H. Fallah: Scatter My Ashes on Foreign Lands is the first large-scale overview of one of America’s most compelling and prolific contemporary artists. Tracing the artist’s development over the last decade, this comprehensive exhibition features figurative works and botanical paintings spanning the artist’s diverse interests both formally and conceptually, while focusing on the biographical stories of his subjects. Working collaboratively with those that he paints, Fallah utilizes personal history as an entry point to discuss race, representation, the body, and the memories of cultures and countries left behind. Through this process, the artist’s works employ nuanced and emotive narratives that evoke an inquiry about identity, the immigrant experience, and the history of portraiture. This exhibition looks across the artist’s career to highlight his engagement with a range of themes, including immigration, identity, displacement, eastern and western art history, and popular culture. Fallah interrogates systems of representation embedded in the history of Western art. His ornate environments combine visual vocabularies of painting and collage with elements of installation to deconstruct material modes of identity formation. Portraits of veiled subjects capitalize on ambiguity to skillfully weave fact and fiction, while questioning how to create a portrait without representing the physicality of the sitter. While the stories that surround his subjects are deeply personal and are told through the intimate possessions they hold most dear, his work addresses generational immigrant experiences of movement, trauma, and celebration. Fallah wryly incorporates Western art historical references into paintings formally rooted in the pattern-based visual language of Islamic Art. In doing so, his paintings possess a hybridity that reflects his own background as an Iranian-American immigrant straddling cultures. For the first time Fallah will be showing a wide array of his thematic projects under one roof, mixing botanical paintings based on Dutch 17th century painting, portraiture of American immigrants, and a new series of autobiographical works that meditate on themes of fatherhood, belonging, legacy and family.

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27Aug2:11 pmEST I recently saw Anthropoid (2016), the real-life account of Operation Anthropoid. Anthropoid was the code name for a World War II mission to assassinate the malevolent SS General Reinhard Heydrich, the main architect behind the Final Solution and the Reich's third in command after Hitler and Himmler. Heydrich was said to be so violent and callous in his acts and orders that Adolf Hitler called him, "The man with the iron heart." The film stars Cillian Murphy (above, right) as one of the members of the Czech (his character is actually Slovakian) resistance to Nazi occupation in Czechoslovakia. Simply put, I consider Murphy to be the greatest living actor in his prime, with his work in Peaky Blinders (on Netflix) in recent years surpassing the likes of Leonardo DiCaprio's performances. This particular performance by Murphy hit the nail on the head, as he stays within himself as an actor and does not try to steal each scene. Instead, Murphy perfects his craft as the intense but understated Josef Gabcík, alongside Jamie Dornan as his comrade in arms. Anthropoid took some mild heat from critics for not being flashy enough as a film. However, that criticism is misguided, as the film perfectly captures the Eastern European intensity which was no doubt in effect during Heydrich's violent reign in Prague. The film is still out in theaters, and I highly recommend it as both an important history lesson and a quality film starring the world's greatest living actor hitting his stride. A Staring Contest for the Ag... Weekend Overview and Analysi...

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How We Used It mvacblog The Forensic DNA Gathering Place Interview with Senior CSIs Emma and Nancy about the M-Vac An Interview with Senior Crime Scene Investigator and Forensic Analyst Francine Bardole Originally published on the Hunt a Killer blog dated 1/5/2019. An Interview with Senior Crime Scene Investigator and Forensic Analyst Francine Bardole Many of us are familiar with the idea of a “cold case” in a removed way — we watch documentaries and listen to podcasts about murders committed by the faceless, keeping an eye out for new developments. But senior crime scene investigator and forensic analyst Francine Bardole of the Cold Case Foundation is on the inside pushing those developments along. The Cold Case Foundation is a non-profit organization that not only works to solve unsolved cases, but supports the victims of these crimes and their loved ones whether there’s an arrest on the horizon or not. Hunt a Killer is proud to work with the CCF, donating a portion of the proceeds from every single box sold to support those affected by real crime. (Read more about our partnership here.) We spoke to Francine about her job, her excitement over the new developments in DNA technology, what she thinks about the recent true crime boom and what she sees on the horizon for the Cold Case Foundation. By what method do most cases end up getting closed? There are many variables that come into play when it comes to solving cases. The investigators, crime scene experts, witnesses, evidence, forensic experts, technology, financial resources, etc. are intricate to the solving and closing of cases. It has been my experience that the best results are achieved through communication and cooperation between all involved. Reaching out to experts in the criminal justice fields, forensic disciplines and technologies can help bring closure to a case much sooner than separate efforts. The sooner the case is solved, the sooner the perpetrator is off the streets and the community is safe from further victimization. In the past, fingerprints were viewed as the “gold standard” that could link a suspect to a crime or a crime scene. Fingerprints are a valuable forensic method of identification which should not be overlooked — but in order to make an identification with a fingerprint, there needs to be enough of the fingerprint available to be compared to a suspect or entered into the AFIS fingerprint database. Obtaining a comparable or AFIS-quality fingerprint is not always possible. With the emergence of DNA technology, which has advanced over the years, a criminal only needs to leave a few cells in order to obtain enough DNA to identify them or to enter their DNA profile into the CODIS DNA database. DNA is often more readily available than fingerprints. The tide has turned and DNA is now deemed the “gold standard” when it comes to identification. What recent developments in the field excite you? The developments in the collection and analysis of DNA trace evidence is very exciting. DNA has revolutionized criminal investigations and will continue to do so as technologies and testing improve. Unfortunately, many law enforcement agencies are not aware of some of these technologies and developments which could help solve cases. There is the M-Vac DNA collection system which can collect trace or touch DNA from clothing, bedding, tape, rock, rope and other porous materials often touched by the suspect, left at the scene or on the victim. Often traditional swabbing methods are unable to get into the small weave or pores of an item. Swabbing for touch DNA is often a guessing game, making it difficult to know where a suspect may have left their DNA. The M-Vac can cover larger areas where the suspect may have touched and left their DNA. One notable case which the M-Vac helped solve is the Krystal Lynn Beslanowitch 1995 cold case. There is the Bardole Method [editor’s note: developed by Francine herself] which is a soaking method that can obtain DNA from shell casings, bullets, firearm components and other small items where swabs cannot reach. This method can access the minute ridges crevices, nooks and crannies where traditional swabbing methods are unable to access. Traditional swabbing methods rarely obtain enough DNA from spent shell casings to compare to a suspect. These cases are often shelved with the idea there is no more that can be done. Thanks to this method something can be done. DNA test results often come back as “mixtures” or “inconclusive” which are common with law enforcement DNA evidence using laboratory DNA thresholds. Cybergenetics TrueAllele is a DNA software which can “unmix” these mixtures without threshold restraints and help solve many cases which have been abandoned as inconclusive. CCF doesn’t only focus on case resolution — it’s also about care. We’d love for you to share a little about what you do to support victims and loved ones in the aftermath of a crime. “The Cold Case Foundation is dedicated to stopping the deadly compounding effect of cold cases and providing hope and resources to families affected by violent crime. The Cold Case Foundation is devoted to raising public awareness and creating partnerships to assist and provide law enforcement whatever resources are needed to bring about closure.” (from coldcasefoundation.org) Police agencies and families often reach out for help or answers in solving their cold cases. Both need closure, especially the families who have waited and suffered for so long. These family want to know what they can do to help the police solve their loved one’s cold case. They are often frustrated or upset and feel forgotten. I find it amazing, the research these families do on their own in order to find new developments, techniques or technologies that may help solve their case. I am currently working high profile cold cases using both the M-Vac and the Bardole Method thanks to the cooperation and willingness of families, police departments and investigators reaching out to the CCF. I hope to be able to share the results with all of you once the results are in and the cases have been adjudicated. What is it like to work on these cases? What impact does it have on your life? It is challenging and, at the same time, exciting. Individuals with years of experience work together to help shed new light, see with new eyes, and apply new technologies to examine and discuss all elements of the crime prior to, during and after. What one sees as a dead-end can be an open door to another. When the pieces of the puzzle begin to come together in a logical, scientific manner due to the efforts of those working together, there is excitement and hope that there will be closure for the families of victims and those who never gave up and supported these families. The impact is knowing you have become part of the whole who have worked hard to recognize the importance of a life taken, the family who has suffered and the police who have worked countless hours, days, months and years in order to finally bring closure to those they serve. What areas of the organization are you looking forward to growing with increased support? Unsolved murders throughout the United States have a compounding financial and workload effect on our police departments. Each time a case is reopened, the cost goes up, personnel who once worked the case have retired or are no longer available, DNA evidence is lost, degraded or becomes unavailable, witnesses leave or become unavailable and the case keeps getting colder. The sooner CCF is able to bring their forensic experts to the table, the higher the probability of solving the case. More forensic technologies and methods will emerge as the CCF continues to grow. Keeping up with and obtaining the latest equipment, technologies and methods will be something to anticipate and look forward to — as well as bringing awareness to the public and police agencies as to what new technologies are available to help solve their cold cases. We will continue assisting families and law enforcement with experts in all areas of forensics, and identifying perpetrators to bring closure to the families who have waited and suffered for so long. Do you feel the popularity of true crime is helpful to support the work of CCF? Absolutely. True crime brings the reality of what goes on prior to, during and after a crime has been committed to the public’s attention. The more attention a case gets, the more likely it will be solved. It bridges the gap between what police do, what private citizens can do and how working together as a team can help solve cold cases. Originally published on the Hunt a Killer blog dated 1/5/2019. An Interview with Senior Crime Scene Investigator and Forensic Analyst Francine Bardole Many of… Williamson County Sheriff’s Office Adopts Latest Forensic DNA Technology with M-Vac The M-Vac System effectively collects micro-particles from rough, porous and smooth surfaces alike, and is capable of covering large areas which enables investigators to collect… Accreditation process impeding criminal justice system, forensic expert warns A cold case-solving DNA extraction tool which successfully helped police in the US is being blocked due to an “overcomplicated” and “lengthy” validation process. Robert…

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Tag Archives: enslaving The Jazz Lifestyle Posted by Bob in myCulture, myLifestyle, myTech, Technojungle ≈ Comments Off on The Jazz Lifestyle african, african-american, america, analog, anxious, authenticity, automobile, baptist, blues, bondages, chicago, chord, chords, classical, communications, compose, creative, dehumanizing, democratic, despair, digital, diverse, emotion, emotional, empathetic, enslaving, european, flappers, gangsters, god, gospel, happiness, harmony, humanity, identity, improvisation, innovative, inspirational, interpretation, intuitive, invent, jazz, jazz age, jazzers, jungle, liberty, lifestyle, maachines, magazines, marching, misery, mississippi, modern, movies, music, musician, new orleans, new york, oppression, peace, phonograph, piano, polymetric, polyrhythmic, prohibition, radio, ragtime, records, rhythm, riverboats, sacred, saxophone, self-expression, shake, slave, slaves, speakeasies, spiritual, spirituals, spontaneous, stress, stressful, survival, swing, syncopation, technobeast, technojungle, technology, telephone, tribal, trumpet, vibrato, victorian, weapon, west indies What we can learn from the music Are we following technology more than our humanity? In this age of unceasing change, we can easily fall into a trap of technological routines and over-programming of our lives. We become stressed and anxious about living in this dehumanizing jungle of technology. Can jazz music teach us anything about living; about survival in a technology dominated world where machines may one day out think humans? A jazz approach to life could be a powerful weapon and solution in the technojungle because of its deep humanizing potential. The technobeasts can’t do jazz because jazz is analog, not readable by digital technology. It is a continuum of infinities that no digital technology can comprehend. The human spirit can. Jazz is democratic, inclusive, creative, innovative, spontaneous, intuitive, inspirational, emotional, empathetic, diverse, spiritual. Among these, technology can’t flourish, however, humanity can. Jazz meanings include, vigour, energy, effervescence of spirit, joy, pep, magnetism, verve, virility, encouragement and happiness. To jazz things up can mean to enliven, liven up, brighten up, make more interesting and exciting, add some colour to, ginger up, spice up, perk up and pep up. It can be enthusiastic or lively talk. Originally, jazz music came from African and West Indies music containing tribal beats that became slave songs. These blended with some European styles and the musical styles of ragtime, black sacred music, marching-band music, rural blues, spirituals and gospel music mostly from the African-American baptist churches during the late 1800s and early 1900s. Jazz music is polyrhythmic and polymetric. It has some structure, yet allows for improvised cross rhythms combined with a syncopation that anticipates the beat. To many enthusiasts, jazz must be able to swing. To play jazz one needs four components shared by many other styles of music. These components are: rhythm, melody, harmony and chords. The order doesn’t really matter. One might choose the melody first which usually comes with chords. Harmony is derived from the chords, however, many styles of jazz use versions of chords that provide a more jazz-like feel. The flavour of the music can be changed by the rhythm. To live a jazz lifestyle one must seek the important components in life and find the right rhythm to follow. One of the key elements of Jazz is improvisation allowing for free expression and interpretation of the music. When playing jazz, musicians must listen carefully to each other and respect the feel and interpretation each player brings to the performance. The music can change at any time and what one player does can be of great influence to others. It is a very democratic process of life that includes equally all those involved. Because jazz music is free expression and full of inspiration and emotion, notes may be changed slightly. Certain notes can be added to give a blue texture. Such notes are called blue notes. Some notes may have their tone bent thus creating a different kind of blue note. There are a variety of ways to make special jazz sounds and some are unique to particular instruments. A piano, for example, can’t really do a vibrato or shake. A saxophone or trumpet can do the vibrato and shake, but can’t play more than one note at a time, so a chord can only be played one note at a time. This is how a melody can be re-composed on the spot following the chord structure of the music. We can each find our own instrument of life to play along with other people and re-compose our world. While no two performances of any music are exactly the same, jazz performances can differ greatly. Solos are usually never played the same way more than once and all jazz musicians have their own style and sound. There have been many attempts to write down jazz music. Jazz that is written can capture some of the feeling and provide larger groups a structure so they can play together. A jazz band may use an arrangement. However, the arrangement usually allows for individual free self-expression through improvisation, inspiration—even touching the emotions and intuition of the players and the listeners. Many people think jazz music should never, or can’t be written. For them it is all about taking the barest of structure, perhaps only melody and chords, thus allowing the music to come from their spirit. Jazz is an analog form of communication. Being analog, which unlike digital, is infinite, moving from one note to another can include every pitch in between those notes. Being analog makes music and jazz best suited to the human body and human spirit. Jazz music has managed to find it’s way into nearly every corner of the human experience. Along the way, it gathered for itself a myriad of stories and perceptions. Many, like tarnished silverware, are dark and depressing. Yet as the definition above shows, jazz is quite the opposite. It is time to de-tarnish jazz and learn what it really is and to make it our life. It can deepen our humanity and free us from the technojungle that surrounds us. Flappers doing the Charleston dance. While jazz music emerged in the late 1800s, the jazz lifestyle was born during the 1920s Jazz Age. It was a post war era that ushered in great technological innovation and cultural change to a world of industry and wealth. Until this era, most children would have a lifestyle similar to that of their parents. New innovations, such as the telephone, phonograph and records, movies, radio, popular magazines and the automobile allowed for a new culture to spread across the country. Young women adopted a rather crude lifestyle and called themselves Flappers. Toward the end of the 1920s though, women were becoming more poised, with correct speech and smarter attire, in other words more respectable. Respectable flappers. Jazz music followed the Mississippi on riverboats from New Orleans up north to Chicago and then East to New York. It was adopted by young people from the African-American slaves of the South. The jazz movement captured the youth who were eager to break away from the stiff Victorian lives that seemed to have trapped their parents. It was a time full of excitement and spontaneity. Early New Orleans jazz bands used guitar and string bass instead of louder banjo and tuba used for marching and recording. The Original Dixieland Jazz Band, a white band from New Orleans that made the first jazz recording. They were issued on the Victor label. “Fine and Mellow” with Billie “Lady Day” Holiday, considered one of the greatest female jazz singers with Lester Young, Coleman Hawkins and Gerry Mulligan and others from a 1957 CBS TV show “The Sound of Jazz.” Louis “Satchmo” Armstrong, considered the greatest jazz musician of all time. Jazz living got into trouble sometimes, leading its followers into drinking and riotous living during a time when the evils of drinking were being curtailed by prohibition. Jazzers were left to follow the music into private and secret night clubs, called speakeasies, run by gangsters. Like a person of youth, the jazz lifestyle, inspired by the music, needed to do some growing up—to mature. Since jazz music has eventually gained world-wide respect as a unique art form, it is time to take a look at what the style of music can teach us about living in a world of anxiety and unrest where humanity can be buried by the demands of technology. Jazz is a journey of intimate shared experiences, describing the world and telling stories from the perspective of, developing the authenticity and identity of, each participant. It strives to leave behind the world of stress and anxiety by transforming the moment with peace and harmony. Jazz is an adventure of impulsive spontaneity and self-expression with surprises at every turn. Jazzers compose, recompose and instantly invent and reinvent their life by changing their actions. As an inclusive approach to life, the jazz lifestyle can be lived anywhere by anyone. Jazz music is about freedom and liberty from oppression allowing self-expression, usually lively, that can swing and lift the human spirit. Yet it adheres to certain structures and is true to its history and legacy. The music has gained respect and is considered the classical music of America. As a lifestyle, jazz living should be compatible with most belief systems and world views since it is a way of living and acting that has the goal of allowing people to be more human. Jazz music insists that all participants listen and pay attention to each other and to the music, and the music brings life. It draws together in harmony the human body, mind and spirit to function as they were created. One will find that the influences on their life that dehumanize and bring stress and anxiety will become less important. A jazz life should help people to break away from the bondages of modern life and focus on the human experience and the things that God has given them. Jazz music was born in the depths of human misery and despair. It was given to slave people with nothing and is here now to help us living in an enslaving world of technology. With a jazz lifestyle, we can protect ourselves from becoming absorbed by our machines; to keep technology from replacing humanity. This exploration and discussion about a jazz influenced style of living needs to continue. I am not finished, this article is not complete and I welcome the input from readers. “I sincerely believe that jazz is the folk music of the machine age.” — Paul Whiteman, popular 1920s orchestra leader dubbed ‘The King of Jazz’ due to his orchestra having so many famous jazz musicians playing orchestrated jazz. “There was every reason why this music sprang into being about 1915. The acceleration of the pace of living in this country, the accumulation of social forces under pressure (and long before the war, too), mechanical inventions, methods of rapid communication, all had increased tremendously in the past 100 years— notably in the past quarter century. In this country especially the rhythm of machinery, the overrapid expansion of a great country endowed with tremendous natural energies and wealth have brought about a pace and scale of living unparalleled in history. Is it any wonder that the popular music of this land should reflect these modes of living? Every other art reflects them.” — Paul Whiteman Wynton Marsalis, considered to be one of the leading jazz performers and experts. As long as there is democracy, there will be people wanting to play jazz because nothing else will ever so perfectly capture the democratic process in sound. Jazz means working things out musically with other people. You have to listen to other musicians and play with them even if you don’t agree with what they’re playing. It teaches you the very opposite of racism and anti-Semitism. It teaches you that the world is big enough to accommodate us all. — Wynton Marsalis The never to be left out of jazz…

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Frank Malfitano Jazz Fest Blues Published on: April 4, 2018 Frank Malfitano, founder and executive director, discusses the future of Jazz Fest For the past 35 summers except for maybe a few, the folks around Syracuse have been treated to a weekend of free top-quality entertainment. We’ve grown to anticipate it every year and await it like students waiting for the last day of school. It marks the season and indicates to us that the music gods have gotten the word: “The snow is gone in Syracuse.” After our usually long and grueling winters and sometimes nerve-racking seasons of watching Syracuse University’s basketball team, the public is always ready for it. The event pokes through the dreariness of “nothing to do” like a ray of sunshine through a broken blind. Thousands of spectators flock to soak up the vibe and listen to the music. It has presented us with many of the biggest stars in entertainment, such as vocalists Natalie Cole, Lou Rawls and Al Jarreau and vocal/instrumentalists like B.B. King and Ray Charles, aka Brother Ray. These artists are all deceased now, and their faces have been added to that ever-expanding portrait of artists we love and miss so much. But our community was fortunate that they performed for us and all our friends, right in our own front yard. I think by now most of you know that I’ve been talking about the Syracuse Jazz Fest. The event began humbly at Song Mountain back in 1983. Then, it featured a combination of a few regional and national artists: the Heath Brothers, Cabo Frio, Nancy Kelly and a very young Kevin Eubanks, who later went on to become the smiling leader of the Tonight Show Band from 1992-2010. From there it grew and changed locations a few times. It spent a little time at Long Branch Park and Clinton Square. Finally, in 2001, it moved to Onondaga Community College. It seemed to have found its home there, where it has remained since — except for one year when it had to move to Jamesville Beach because of campus construction. The Jazz Fest even survived a push from the county in 2017 to have it moved to the Lakeview Amphitheater. Trombone Shorty gettin’ down during a past Jazz Fest. | Photo Provided The OCC location is roomy enough for the Jazz Fest to continue growing and has all the amenities needed to bring in some of music’s biggest stars. The event welcomed Smokey Robinson, Roberta Flack, Dionne Warwick, Chaka Khan and Nancy Wilson, and the list goes on and on. It even laid out the red carpet for the Queen of Soul, none other than Aretha Franklin. Then came the news. We might not be having the Jazz Fest this year due to wonk-wonk-wonk and blah-blah-blah. In my head I was thinking, What? Wait a minute! We don’t want to hear that. As Bill Withers would say, “Dadgum-it.” Weren’t we faithful through this long, cold and snowy winter to believe that the Jazz Fest would again be the highlight of our summer? Haven’t we stayed put waiting? I mean, we didn’t call the realtors when it was looking like one of our other favorite things to come together for, Syracuse’s basketball team, was playing like it would be ending its third season in the past five with fewer than 20 wins. And although one has absolutely nothing to do with the other, they both have a common secondary purpose. They act as our markers for the seasons. Basketball helps us get through the winter, and the Jazz Fest reminds us that summer does come in Syracuse. Is there not going to be a Jazz Fest to look forward to? We got to talk about this. The founder of the festival and executive director, Frank Malfitano, posted a story from Spectrum News on his Facebook page. The headline said, “Future of Jazz Fest remains in question and needs corporate sponsor.” The Spectrum report focused upon the facts that the event’s major sponsor, M&T Bank, had “reached the end of their agreement after many successful years.” County Executive Joanie Mahoney mentioned that Onondaga County has poured a lot of money into helping the festival in previous years and said, “I think it all comes down to the private money that Frank has been able to raise in past years, and so far, this year I think he’s struggling, but maybe somebody will see this on the news and come through, and we’ll have Jazz Fest after all.” I met with Frank after that. I knew that he wouldn’t go too deep into details. At 71, he’s been around, and his countenance is cool. Frank’s too slick of a player to show his hand, so I just asked, “What’s up?” We talked about his childhood and his introduction to jazz. “I started out playing the clarinet in fourth grade and was introduced to jazz in high school,” he said. Frank had skipped a couple of grades in primary school, so he was a little younger than most students by the time he got to high school. “I made all city and county and went to SUNY Fredonia. I was 15 years old when I started college, man. I came home after my first year when my father passed. He died on the day of my final exam.” Frank went on to graduate from OCC and later from SU. “Back in those days, I used to go to the 800 Club for lunch every day,” he said. “I liked to go where all the ‘Brothers’ hung out because I liked the music. OCC used to be at the old Midtown Plaza back then.” One day, one of the bartenders asked him if he wanted to come back later that night to hear some real music. “When I walked in, they had a little table reserved for me with my name on it. It was handwritten on one of those homemade table tents. When I sat down, I was blown away.” Playing that night was none other than John Coltrane, McCoy Tyner, Jimmy Garrison and Elvin Jones. “I’ve always felt that if I am going to do something I have to be able to be the best at it. I saw the best that night; I witnessed greatness,” he said. “I knew that I would never be able to play like that. So, I went home and wrapped my horn in plastic, dug a hole in the back yard and buried it.” The man certainly has a feel for greatness and has had plenty of opportunity to present it. A visit to his website at syracusejazzfest.com will prove it. You’ll see the biggest names in jazz: Ramsey Lewis, Stanley Clarke, Wynton Marsalis, Dizzy Gillespie … it just keeps going. And these only represent who he’s presented at the Syracuse Jazz Fest. Beyond that, he’s lived and worked with big names all over the country. He has written for a jazz magazine in Washington, D.C., booked big names as an agent in New York City and has run the Detroit Jazz Fest, where he befriended Aretha Franklin. “I believe each of the experiences I’ve had in life have helped to prepare me for my next endeavors,” he said. We are all wondering what that next move will be. Since he didn’t talk about it in our conversation, I guess we’ll all have to wait. Whatever it is, though, he doesn’t have anything to prove. He’s the man behind the creations of Syracuse Area Music Awards: The SAMMYS, the Syracuse Walk of Stars and OCC’s Arts Across Campus. Whatever he’s gotten and from wherever he’s gotten it, he’s brought it all back home and presented it, Frank Malfitano style. The following is a direct quote from his Facebook page. It’s probably our best source of knowing what’s on his mind at this time. “Our primary goal is to make sure we can continue to present a high-quality festival in 2018, — and have it continue on for the next two decades and beyond for our children’s children, — and we want to make absolutely certain we can present the kind of Big Name talent at Syracuse Jazz Fest that the community and audiences have come to expect from us the last 35 years. Thanks for your patience.” No problem, Frank. Greatness takes time. Have A Friendly Five suggestion? Contact Reggie at reggie@softspokenband.com or (315) 479-9620 A Friendly Five Frank Malfitano Reggie Seigler Syracuse Jazz Fest 2018-04-04 Ashley Kang

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