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Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/08/2023, 00:54:24</t0> On July 3, 2012, Saban Brands and Kidsco Media Ventures, affiliates of Saban Capital Group, entered into an agreement to program the five-hour Saturday morning time slot with a new action-adventure and comedy programming block for The CW.[139][140] Saban had acquired the agreement to program The CW's Saturday morning timeslots from 4Kids Entertainment in bankruptcy proceedings.[138] The CW4Kids/Toonzai was replaced by Vortexx on August 25, featuring programs produced by Saban such as Power Rangers Lost Galaxy and Digimon Fusion. The block also carried notable third-party programming such as <e0>WWE Saturday Morning Slam</e0>, which marked the return of WWE programming to the network since WWE Smackdown departed in 2008.[141]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/23/2021, 11:30:38</t0> Outlines is a collection of poems heavily influenced by the theories of poet Arthur Rimbaud.[3] With its themes and writing, this work is very close to the <e0>surrealist</e0> aesthetic.[4]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/27/2023, 15:33:48</t0> An epistle (/ɪˈpɪsəl/; from Ancient Greek ἐπιστολή (epistolḗ) 'letter') is a writing directed or sent to a person or group of people, usually an elegant and formal didactic letter. The epistle genre of letter-writing was common in ancient Egypt as part of the scribal-school writing curriculum. The letters in the New Testament from Apostles to <e0>Christians</e0> are usually referred to as epistles. Those traditionally attributed to Paul are known as Pauline epistles and the others as catholic (i.e., "general") epistles.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/27/2023, 15:33:48</t0> The Pauline epistles, also called Epistles of Paul or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen books of the New Testament attributed to Paul the Apostle, although the authorship of some is in dispute. Among these epistles are some of the earliest extant Christian documents. They provide an insight into the beliefs and controversies of <e0>early Christianity</e0>. As part of the canon of the New Testament, they are foundational texts for both Christian theology and ethics. The Epistle to the Hebrews, although it does not bear his name, was traditionally considered Pauline (although Origen questioned its authorship in the 3rd century CE), but from the 16th century onwards opinion steadily moved against Pauline authorship and few scholars now ascribe it to Paul, mostly because it does not read like any of his other epistles in style and content.[3] Most scholars agree that Paul actually wrote seven of the Pauline epistles, but that four of the epistles in Paul's name are pseudepigraphic (Ephesians, First Timothy, Second Timothy, and Titus[4]) and that two other epistles are of questionable authorship (Second Thessalonians and Colossians).[4] According to some scholars, Paul wrote these letters with the help of a secretary, or amanuensis,[5] who would have influenced their style, if not their theological content.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/18/2022, 16:54:41</t0> In 2016, <e0>Time</e0> published colorized versions of several of Hine's photographs of child labor in the US.[13]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/22/2023, 22:27:07</t0> One of her novels, La Bicyclette bleue (The Blue Bicycle), published in 1981, was France's biggest bestseller. In 2000, it was made into a television series. A story of love, obsession, and survival set during the turmoil of <e0>World War II</e0>, it developed into a successful series of seven books.[4][5] La Bicyclette bleue (The Blue Bicycle) would go on to cause a major international intellectual property court case. In the initial ruling, Deforges was found guilty of plagiarizing Margaret Mitchell's famous novel Gone with the Wind. Deforges freely admitted that the first 70 pages were inspired by Mitchell's novel but the whole book was 1200 pages long.[6] She won her case on appeal, and the ruling ordering her to pay damages was reversed.[7] She was formerly president of the Société des Gens de Lettres de France and a member of the Prix Femina jury. She lived in Paris.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/22/2023, 10:20:47</t0> The game received a port to the PlayStation 2 (PS2) titled Mercury Meltdown Remix released a month after the original, with improved graphics, new levels and optimized for the PS2's controller. A second port for the <e0>Wii</e0> titled Mercury Meltdown Revolution was released in 2007 and also changing the levels, improving the graphics further from the Remix version and making use of Wii's motion controls.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/22/2023, 10:20:47</t0> The PS2 version was revised once more and ported onto the <e0>Wii</e0> under the title, Mercury Meltdown Revolution. Ignition Banbury began development when Nintendo announced the Wii under the code name: Revolution and were inspired by the Wii's motion controls. Ignition Banbury then pitched the concept to Nintendo in E3 2006, which resulted in it being approved by Nintendo.[14] Ignition Banbury produced the game using an unfinished Gamecube engine and the tilt sensor mechanics that were intended to be used for the original Mercury game.[15] Ignition Banbury further improved graphics from Mercury Meltdown Remix, added in new levels, and refined the difficulty curve.[16] In addition to utilizing the Wii Remote's tilt control, Ignition Banbury also implemented the option to play Revolution with a Classic Controller and also attempted to add GameCube controller support, but this feature did not make the final release.[14] Mercury Meltdown Revolution was released in Europe on June 8, 2007, and in North America on October 17, 2007.[17][18]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/08/2023, 15:51:35</t0> Like all social sciences, political science faces the difficulty of observing human actors that can only be partially observed and who have the capacity for making conscious choices, unlike other subjects, such as non-human organisms in biology, minerals in geoscience, chemical elements in chemistry, stars in <e0>astronomy</e0>, or particles in physics. Despite the complexities, contemporary political science has progressed by adopting a variety of methods and theoretical approaches to understanding politics, and methodological pluralism is a defining feature of contemporary political science.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/19/2023, 21:19:53</t0> Bones remained part of the Wilson household during the 1916 presidential election and the Wilsons' return to the White House. She took an active role in volunteer work during <e0>World War I</e0> along with Edith.[2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/18/2023, 08:14:17</t0> During <e0>World War II</e0>, several petrol engines for aircraft used direct-injection systems, such as the European Junkers Jumo 210, Daimler-Benz DB 601, BMW 801, and the Shvetsov ASh-82FN (M-82FN). The German direct-injection systems were based on diesel injection systems used by Bosch, Deckel, Junkers and l'Orange.[34] By around 1943, the Rolls-Royce Merlin and Wright R-3350 had switched from traditional carburettors to fuel-injection (called "pressure carburettors" at the time), however these engines used throttle body manifold injection, rather than the direct-injection systems of the German engines. From 1940, the Mitsubishi Kinsei 60 series engine used a direct-injection system, along with the related Mitsubishi Kasei engine from 1941. In 1943, a low-pressure fuel injection system was added to the Nakajima Homare Model 23 radial engine.[35]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/31/2023, 22:15:13</t0> In contemporary <e0>astronomy</e0>, 88 constellations are recognized by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).[1] Each constellation is a region of the sky bordered by arcs of right ascension and declination, together covering the entire celestial sphere. Their boundaries were officially adopted by the International Astronomical Union in 1928 and published in 1930.[2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/13/2023, 09:32:13</t0> If you feel a change is needed, feel free to make it yourself! Wikipedia is a <e0>wiki</e0>, so anyone (yourself included) can edit any article by following the Edit this page link. Wikipedia convention is to be bold and not be afraid of making mistakes. If you're not sure how editing works, have a look at How to edit a page, or try out the Sandbox to test your editing skills.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/26/2023, 07:37:23</t0> Nixon emphasized the strong economy and his success in foreign affairs, while McGovern ran on a platform calling for an immediate end to the Vietnam War and the institution of a guaranteed minimum income. Nixon maintained a large lead in polling. Separately, Nixon's reelection committee broke into the Watergate complex to wiretap the Democratic National Committee's headquarters as part of the <e0>Watergate scandal</e0>. McGovern's general election campaign was damaged early on by the revelation of his running mate Thomas Eagleton, as well as the perception that McGovern's platform was radical. Eagleton had undergone electroconvulsive therapy as a treatment for depression, and he was replaced by Sargent Shriver after only nineteen days on the ticket.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/26/2023, 07:37:23</t0> After the convention ended, it was discovered that Eagleton had undergone psychiatric electroshock therapy for depression and had concealed this information from McGovern. A <e0>Time</e0> magazine poll taken at the time found that 77 percent of the respondents said, "Eagleton's medical record would not affect their vote." Nonetheless, the press made frequent references to his "shock therapy", and McGovern feared that this would detract from his campaign platform.[35] McGovern subsequently consulted confidentially with pre-eminent psychiatrists, including Eagleton's own doctors, who advised him that a recurrence of Eagleton's depression was possible and could endanger the country, should Eagleton become president.[36][37][38][39][40] McGovern had initially claimed that he would back Eagleton "1000 percent",[41] only to ask Eagleton to withdraw three days later. This perceived lack of conviction in sticking with his running mate was disastrous for the McGovern campaign.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/26/2023, 07:37:23</t0> On June 17, 1972, five months before election day, five men broke into the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate hotel in Washington, D. C.; the resulting investigation led to the revelation of attempted cover-ups of the break-in within the Nixon administration. What became known as the <e0>Watergate scandal</e0> eroded President Nixon's public and political support in his second term, and he resigned on August 9, 1974, in the face of probable impeachment by the House of Representatives and removal from office by the Senate.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/03/2023, 18:57:03</t0> In 1930s, Ethiopia faced Italian renewed imperialist design. Together with the failure of the League of Nations envision of Ethiopia's "collective security", Italy invaded Ethiopia again in October 1935, culminating in the Second Italo-Ethiopian War. In May 1936, Mussolini declared Ethiopia as part of Italian East Africa by merging with Eritrea and Somaliland. Haile Selassie fled to England's Fairfield House, Bath, and delivered an address that made him a worldwide figure, and the 1935 <e0>Time</e0> Man of the Year.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>08/10/2023, 21:10:14</t0> Čajkanović fought in both Balkan Wars and in <e0>World War I</e0>. He retreated with the Serbian Army through Albania in face of 1915 anti-Serbian offensive of the Central Powers. He contracted diphtheria during the last two days of the retreat through Albania and was transferred to a hospital in Bizerte. Later he was at the Thessaloniki Front, where he described his activities in his Autobiography as "defending, together with other Balkan Christians, his country from foreign conquerors." Čajkanović was awarded the Order of the White Eagle with Swords and the Légion d'honneur. Shortly before the end of the war, Čajkanović was sent to Paris and London on a mission "to show what Serbia is and who the Serbs are." There he participated in preparing lectures organized by the Serbian Legation and during his free time read and studied at the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris and the British Museum Library in London.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/29/2023, 17:58:21</t0> In April 1939, Pears accompanied Britten as he sailed to North America, going first to Canada and then to New York. Their relationship ceased to be platonic, and from then until Britten's death they were partners in both their professional and personal lives.[21] When the <e0>Second World War</e0> began, Britten and Pears turned for advice to the British embassy in Washington and were told that they should remain in the US as artistic ambassadors.[22] Pears was inclined to disregard the advice and go back to England; Britten also felt the urge to return, but accepted the embassy's counsel and persuaded Pears to do the same.[22]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/06/2023, 07:32:50</t0> Moarre is adjacent to the village of Ljussens and they are administered together as a pair (dubbeldorp) sharing facilities such as the local sports field and the primary school. There was a station called Morra-Lioessens on the North Friesland Railway, which opened in 1913 and closed in 1935, although it reopened again briefly during <e0>World War II</e0> from May 1940 to July 1942.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/07/2022, 10:46:35</t0> Under the Clock (Pod Zegarem in Polish) was a Nazi torture centre in Lublin, Poland during <e0>World War II</e0>.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/15/2023, 06:02:55</t0> The islands have been settled since at least some time between 30,000 and 28,800 BC, with later waves of migrants, notably the Lapita people, mixing and producing the modern indigenous Solomon Islanders population. In 1568, the Spanish navigator Álvaro de Mendaña was the first European to visit them.[15] Though not named by Mendaña, it is believed that the islands were called "the Solomons" by those who later received word of his voyage and mapped his discovery.[16] Mendaña returned decades later, in 1595, and another Spanish expedition, led by Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirós, visited the Solomons in 1606. Britain defined its area of interest in the Solomon Islands archipelago in June 1893, when Captain Gibson, R.N., of HMS Curacoa, declared the southern Solomon Islands a British protectorate.[17][18] During <e0>World War II</e0>, the Solomon Islands campaign (1942–1945) saw fierce fighting between the United States, British Imperial forces, and the Empire of Japan, including the Battle of Guadalcanal.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/15/2023, 06:02:55</t0> The Solomon Islands dollar (<e0>ISO 4217</e0> code: SBD) was introduced in 1977, replacing the Australian dollar at par. Its symbol is "SI$", but the "SI" prefix may be omitted if there is no confusion with other currencies also using the dollar sign "$". It is subdivided into 100 cents. Local shell money is still important for traditional and ceremonial purposes in certain provinces and, in some remote parts of the country, for trade. Shell money was a widely used traditional currency in the Pacific Islands; in Solomon Islands, it is mostly manufactured in Malaita and Guadalcanal but can be bought elsewhere, such as the Honiara Central Market.[145] The barter system often replaces money of any kind in remote areas.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/27/2023, 06:34:36</t0> In 1968, Pynchon was one of 447 signatories to the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest". Full-page advertisements in the New York Post and The New York Review of Books listed the names of those who had pledged not to pay "the proposed 10% income tax surcharge or any war-designated tax increase", and stated their belief "that American involvement in Vietnam is morally wrong".[29] <e0>Time</e0>'s review of V. concluded: "V. sails with majesty through caverns measureless to man. What does it mean? Who, finally, is V.? Few books haunt the waking or the sleeping mind, but this is one. Who, indeed?"[30].

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/27/2023, 06:34:36</t0> The Crying of Lot 49 won the Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation Award shortly after publication.[34][35] Although more concise and linear in its structure than Pynchon's other novels, its labyrinthine plot features an ancient, underground mail service known as "The Tristero" or "Trystero", a parody of a Jacobean revenge drama called The Courier's Tragedy, and a corporate conspiracy involving the bones of <e0>World War II</e0> American GIs being used as charcoal cigarette filters. It proposes a series of seemingly incredible interconnections between these events and other similarly bizarre revelations that confront the novel's protagonist, Oedipa Maas. Like V., the novel contains a wealth of references to science and technology and to obscure historical events.The Crying of Lot 49 also continues Pynchon's habits of writing satiric song lyrics and referencing popular culture. An example of both can be seen in allusion to the narrator of Nabokov's Lolita in the lyric of a love lament sung by a member of "The Paranoids", an American teenage band who deliberately sing their songs with British accents (p. 17). Despite Pynchon's alleged dislike, Lot 49 received positive reviews; Harold Bloom named it one of Pynchon's "canonical works", along with Gravity's Rainbow and Mason &amp; Dixon. It was included on <e1>Time</e1>'s list of the 100 best English-language novels published since the magazine's founding in 1923. Richard Lacayao wrote, "With its slapstick paranoia and heartbreaking metaphysical soliloquies, Lot 49 takes place in the tragicomic universe that is instantly recognizable as Pynchon-land. Is it also a mystery novel? Absolutely, so long as you recognize the mystery here is the one at the heart of everything."[36]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/27/2023, 06:34:36</t0> The major portion of Gravity's Rainbow takes place in Europe in the final months of <e0>World War II</e0> and the weeks immediately following VE Day, and is narrated for the most part from within the historical moment in which it is set. In this way, Pynchon's text enacts a type of dramatic irony whereby neither the characters nor the various narrative voices are aware of specific historical circumstances, such as the Holocaust and, except as hints, premonitions and mythography, the complicity between Western corporate interests and the Nazi war machine, which figure prominently in readers' apprehensions of the novel's historical context. For example, at war's end the narrator observes: "There are rumors of a War Crimes Tribunal under way in Nürnberg. No one Slothrop has listened to is clear who's trying whom for what ..." (p. 681). Such an approach generates dynamic tension and moments of acute self-consciousness, as both reader and author seem drawn ever deeper into the "plot", in various senses of that term:

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/27/2023, 06:34:36</t0> In July 2006, a new, untitled novel by Pynchon was announced along with a description written by Pynchon himself: "Spanning the period between the Chicago World's Fair of 1893 and the years just after <e0>World War I</e0>, this novel moves from the labor troubles in Colorado to turn-of-the-century New York, to London and Gottingen, Venice and Vienna, the Balkans, Central Asia, Siberia at the times of the mysterious Tunguska Event, Mexico during the Revolution, postwar Paris, silent-era Hollywood, and one or two places not strictly speaking on the map at all. With a worldwide disaster looming just a few years ahead, it is a time of unrestrained corporate greed, false religiosity, moronic fecklessness, and evil intent in high places. No reference to the present day is intended or should be inferred." He promised cameos by Nikola Tesla, Bela Lugosi and Groucho Marx, as well as "stupid songs" and "strange sexual practices". Subsequently, the title of the new book was reported to be Against the Day and a Penguin spokesperson confirmed that the synopsis was Pynchon's.[66][67]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/27/2023, 06:34:36</t0> Pynchon often engages in parodies or pastiches of other styles; Mason &amp; Dixon is written in the style of the eighteenth-century, when it takes place. Anthony Lane, reviewing the novel in The New Yorker, writes that "It sounds and, more important, looks like a period novel; it comes bedecked with archaic spellings, complex punctuation, words like 'Nebulosity,' 'Fescue,' 'pinguid,' and 'G-d.' ... This is hard to fault as pastiche, and yet it moves beyond pastiche, with none of the cramped self-amusement that usually attends the genre. What is more, it bears the signature—wholly unmistakable but written, as it were, in invisible ink—of Pynchon himself." Pynchon includes deliberate anachronisms: Lane notes that "the shipboard scenes include an honorary mention of a sailor named Pat O'Brian, 'the best Yarn-Spinner in all the fleets,' and the current president might allow himself a small smile at the advice on Indian hemp which is offered to Cherrycoke as he prepares to set sail: 'If you must use the latter, do not inhale. Keep your memory working, young man!' Whether Thomas Pynchon himself would heed this counsel is hard to decide. His memory seems, as ever, not only to have gorged itself on facts and figures but to have kept the whole lot down ... On the other hand, this book could have been conceived in the fumes of inhalation: it has a dreamed quality, an eagerness to be haunted ... Pynchon is furiously clever, but more important and, I suspect, more enduring, is his anatomy of melancholy, his conjuring of a doleful burlesque ... Good luck, and G-dspeed."[77] Pynchon's prose, with its wide range of styles and subjects, is commonly classified as <e0>postmodern</e0>.[78][79][80]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/22/2021, 20:50:20</t0> The significance of the prefix "post-" in "postcolonial" is a matter of contention among scholars and historians. In postcolonial studies, there has not been a unified consensus on when colonialism began and when it has ended (with numerous scholars contending that it has not). However, the majority of scholars have agreed that the term "postcolonial" designates an era "after" colonialism has ended.[5] The contention has been influenced by the history of colonialism, which is commonly divided into several major phases; the European colonization of the Americas began in the 15th century and lasted until the 19th, while the colonisation of Africa and Asia reached their peak in the 19th century. By the dawn of the 20th century, the vast majority of non-European regions were under European colonial rule; this would last until after the <e0>Second World War</e0> when anti-colonial independence movements led to the decolonization of Africa, Asia and the Americas. Historians have also expressed differing opinions in regards to the postcolonial status of nations established through settler colonialism, such as the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.[6] Ongoing neocolonialism in the Global South and the effects of colonialism (many of which have persisted after the end of direct colonial rule) have made it difficult to determine whether or not a nation being no longer under colonial rule guarantees it's postcolonial status.[7]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/22/2021, 20:50:20</t0> The novels of J. G. Farrell are important texts dealing with the decline of the British Empire. Farrell's novel Troubles, set during the Irish War of Independence (1919–1921), is the first instalment in Farrell's "Empire Trilogy", preceding The Siege of Krishnapur and The Singapore Grip, all written during the 1970s. Although there are similar themes within the three novels (most notably that of the British Empire), they do not form a sequence of storytelling. The Siege of Krishnapur was inspired by events such as the sieges of Cawnpore and Lucknow, and details the siege of a fictional Indian town, Krishnapur, during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 from the perspective of the city's British residents. The Singapore Grip is satirical book about events following Japan's entry into the <e0>Second World War</e0> and occupation of Singapore. The story centres on a British family who own one of the colony's leading trading companies.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/14/2023, 15:19:42</t0> <e0>World War I</e0> had radically altered the political European map with the defeat of the Central Powers—including Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire—and the 1917 Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia, which led to the founding of the Soviet Union. Meanwhile, the victorious Allies of World War I, such as France, Belgium, Italy, Romania, and Greece, gained territory, and new nation-states were created out of the collapse of Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman and Russian Empires.[citation needed]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/14/2023, 15:19:42</t0> By early December, freshly mobilised reserves[153] allowed the Soviets to achieve numerical parity with Axis troops.[154] This, as well as intelligence data which established that a minimal number of Soviet troops in the East would be sufficient to deter any attack by the Japanese Kwantung Army,[155] allowed the Soviets to begin a <e0>massive counter-offensive</e0> that started on 5 December all along the front and pushed German troops 100–250 kilometres (62–155 mi) west.[156]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/14/2023, 15:19:42</t0> Japan planned to seize European colonies in Asia to create a large defensive perimeter stretching into the Central Pacific. The Japanese would then be free to exploit the resources of Southeast Asia while exhausting the over-stretched Allies by fighting a defensive war.[182][183] To prevent American intervention while securing the perimeter, it was further planned to neutralise the United States Pacific Fleet and the American military presence in the Philippines from the outset.[184] On 7 December 1941 (8 December in Asian time zones), Japan attacked British and American holdings with near-simultaneous offensives against Southeast Asia and the Central Pacific.[185] These included an attack on the American fleets at Pearl Harbor and <e0>the Philippines</e0>, as well as invasions of Guam, Wake Island, Malaya,[185] Thailand, and Hong Kong.[186]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/14/2023, 15:19:42</t0> By the end of April 1942, Japan and its ally Thailand had almost conquered Burma, Malaya, the Dutch East Indies, Singapore, and Rabaul, inflicting severe losses on Allied troops and taking a large number of prisoners.[197] Despite stubborn <e0>resistance by Filipino and U.S. forces</e0>, the Philippine Commonwealth was eventually captured in May 1942, forcing its government into exile.[198] On 16 April, in Burma, 7,000 British soldiers were encircled by the Japanese 33rd Division during the Battle of Yenangyaung and rescued by the Chinese 38th Division.[199] Japanese forces also achieved naval victories in the South China Sea, Java Sea, and Indian Ocean,[200] and bombed the Allied naval base at Darwin, Australia. In January 1942, the only Allied success against Japan was a Chinese victory at Changsha.[201] These easy victories over the unprepared U.S. and European opponents left Japan overconfident, and overextended.[202]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/14/2023, 15:19:42</t0> After the Guadalcanal campaign, the Allies initiated several operations against Japan in the Pacific. In May 1943, Canadian and U.S. forces were sent to eliminate Japanese forces from the Aleutians.[237] Soon after, the United States, with support from Australia, New Zealand and Pacific Islander forces, began major ground, sea and air operations to <e0>isolate Rabaul by capturing surrounding islands</e0>, and breach the Japanese Central Pacific perimeter at the Gilbert and Marshall Islands.[238] By the end of March 1944, the Allies had completed both of these objectives and had also neutralised the major Japanese base at Truk in the Caroline Islands. In April, the Allies launched an operation to retake Western New Guinea.[239]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/14/2023, 15:19:42</t0> Advances were made in nearly every aspect of naval warfare, most notably with aircraft carriers and submarines. Although aeronautical warfare had relatively little success at the start of the war, actions at Taranto, Pearl Harbor, and the Coral Sea established the carrier as the dominant capital ship (in place of the battleship).[432][433][434] In the Atlantic, escort carriers became a vital part of Allied convoys, increasing the effective protection radius and helping to close the Mid-Atlantic gap.[435] Carriers were also more economical than battleships due to the relatively low cost of aircraft[436] and because they are not required to be as heavily armoured.[437] Submarines, which had proved to be an effective weapon during the <e0>First World War</e0>,[438] were expected by all combatants to be important in the second. The British focused development on anti-submarine weaponry and tactics, such as sonar and convoys, while Germany focused on improving its offensive capability, with designs such as the Type VII submarine and wolfpack tactics.[439][better source needed] Gradually, improving Allied technologies such as the Leigh Light, Hedgehog, Squid, and homing torpedoes proved effective against German submarines.[440]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/18/2021, 23:35:58</t0> <e0>Hurricane Erika</e0> was a weak hurricane that struck northeastern Mexico in August of the 2003 Atlantic hurricane season. Erika was the eighth tropical cyclone, fifth tropical storm, and third hurricane of the season. At first, the National Hurricane Center did not designate it as a hurricane because initial data suggested winds of only 70 mph (110 km/h) at Erika's peak intensity, but it was retroactively deemed a hurricane based on further data. Developing in the eastern Gulf of Mexico on August 14, Erika moved quickly westward and strengthened under favorable conditions. It made landfall as a hurricane on northeastern Mexico on August 16. The storm's low-level circulation center dissipated by the next day. However, the storm's mid-level circulation persisted for another three days, emerging into the Pacific and moving northwestward over Baja California, before dissipating on August 20. Two people were killed in northeastern Mexico when their vehicle was swept away by floodwaters. (<e1>Full article...</e1>)

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/17/2023, 10:41:56</t0> The development of the cavity magnetron in the United Kingdom made possible the production of electromagnetic waves of a small enough wavelength (microwaves). American engineer Percy Spencer is generally credited with inventing the modern microwave oven after <e0>World War II</e0> from radar technology developed during the war. Named the "Radarange", it was first sold in 1946.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/17/2023, 10:41:56</t0> The invention of the cavity magnetron made possible the production of electromagnetic waves of a small enough wavelength (microwaves). The cavity magnetron was a crucial component in the development of short wavelength radar during <e0>World War II</e0>.[8] In 1937–1940, a multi-cavity magnetron was built by British physicist Sir John Turton Randall, FRSE and coworkers, for the British and American military radar installations in World War II.[9] A higher-powered microwave generator that worked at shorter wavelengths was needed, and in 1940, at the University of Birmingham in England, Randall and Harry Boot produced a working prototype.[10] They invented a valve that could produce pulses of microwave radio energy at a wavelength of 10 cm, an unprecedented discovery.[9]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/06/2021, 21:20:38</t0> Formula Three (adopted by the FIA in 1950) evolved from postwar auto racing, with lightweight tube-frame chassis powered by 500 cc motorcycle engines (notably Nortons and JAP speedway). The 500 cc formula originally evolved in 1946 from low-cost "special" racing organised by enthusiasts in Bristol, England, just before the <e0>Second World War</e0>; British motorsport after the war picked up slowly, partly due to petrol rationing which continued for a number of years and home-built 500 cc cars engines were intended to be accessible to the "impecunious enthusiast". The second post-war motor race in Britain was organised by the VSCC in July 1947 at RAF Gransden Lodge, 500cc cars being the only post-war class to run that day. Three of the seven entrants were non-starters, and, of the four runners, all but one retired on the first lap, leaving Eric Brandon in his Cooper Prototype (T2) trailing round to a virtual walk-over at an average speed of 55.79 mph (89.79 km/h), though his best lap (which was the fastest recorded for any 500) was 65.38 mph (105.22 km/h).[citation needed]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/03/2022, 13:38:29</t0> The concept was first expressed in the 1860s, and spread rapidly thereafter.[5] During and after <e0>World War I</e0>, the principle was encouraged by both Soviet Premier Vladimir Lenin and United States President Woodrow Wilson.[5] Having announced his Fourteen Points on 8 January 1918, on 11 February 1918 Wilson stated: "National aspirations must be respected; people may now be dominated and governed only by their own consent. 'Self determination' is not a mere phrase; it is an imperative principle of action."[6]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/03/2022, 13:38:29</t0> During <e0>World War II</e0>, the principle was included in the Atlantic Charter, jointly declared on 14 August 1941 by Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States, and Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, who pledged The Eight Principal points of the Charter.[7] It was recognized as an international legal right after it was explicitly listed as a right in the UN Charter.[8]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/03/2022, 13:38:29</t0> The Ottoman Empire, Austrian Empire, Russian Empire, <e0>Qing Empire</e0> and the new Empire of Japan maintained themselves, often expanding or contracting at the expense of another empire. All ignored notions of self-determination for those governed.[13]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/03/2022, 13:38:29</t0> This presented a challenge to Wilson's more limited demands. In January 1918 Wilson issued his Fourteen Points of January 1918 which, among other things, called for adjustment of colonial claims, insofar as the interests of colonial powers had equal weight with the claims of subject peoples.[10] The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918 led to Soviet Russia's exit from the war and the nominal independence of Armenia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine, Lithuania, Georgia and Poland, though in fact those territories were under German control. The end of the war led to the dissolution of the defeated Austro-Hungarian Empire and Czechoslovakia and the union of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs and the Kingdom of Serbia as new states out of the wreckage of the Habsburg empire. However, this imposition of states where some nationalities (especially Poles, Czechs, and Serbs and Romanians) were given power over nationalities who disliked and distrusted them was eventually used as a pretext for German aggression in <e0>World War II</e0>.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/03/2022, 13:38:29</t0> Having invaded in 1570, Turks controlled and solely governed all of the Cyprus island from 1571 until its leasing to the British Empire in 1878. Cyprus was placed under British administration based on Cyprus Convention in 1878 and formally annexed by Britain at the beginning of <e0>World War I</e0> in 1914. While Turkish Cypriots made up 18% of the population, the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and the Republic of Turkey in the 1950s. Politically, there was no majority/minority relation between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots;[122][123] and hence, in 1960, Republic of Cyprus was founded by the constituent communities in Cyprus (Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots)[124] as a non-unitary state; the 1960 Constitution set both Turkish and Greek as the official languages.[125][126] During 1963–74, the island experienced ethnic clashes and turmoil, following the Greek nationalists' coup to unify the island to Greece, which led to the eventual Turkish invasion in 1974.[127] Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was declared in 1983 and recognized only by Turkey.[128] Monroe Leigh, 1990, The Legal Status in International Law of the Turkish Cypriot and the Greek Cypriot Communities in Cyprus. The Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot regimes participating in these negotiations, and the respective communities which they represent, are presently entitled to exercise equal rights under international law, including rights of self-determination.[129] Before the Turkey's invasion in 1974, Turkish Cypriots were concentrated in Turkish Cypriot enclaves in the island.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/03/2022, 13:38:29</t0> In Italy, South Tyrol/Alto Adige was annexed after the <e0>First World War</e0>. The German-speaking inhabitants of South Tyrol are protected by the Gruber-De Gasperi Agreement, but there are still supporters of the self determination of South Tyrol, e.g. the party Die Freiheitlichen and the South Tyrolean independence movement. At the end of WWII, Italian resistance troops entered South Tyrol and took over the administration against the wishes of the South Tyrolean resistance movement.[152] The Allies subsequently granted South Tyrol to Italy, with the British foreign minister remarking that "in theory the Austrians have the better argument, however handing over the power stations of South Tyrol to them could openly give the Russians a helping hand with which they could pressurise Italy".[153] The Allies pushed Italy to grant the region a high degree of autonomy, culminating in the Gruber–De Gasperi Agreement of 1946.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/03/2022, 13:38:29</t0> Following the <e0>First World War</e0>, large areas of the Kingdom of Hungary were annexed by Romania. Some of these areas were inhabited by an ethnic Hungarian population called Székelys. Ever since their homes were integrated into Romania, these people were trying to achieve some form of autonomy or self-governance.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/29/2022, 03:17:32</t0> The years from 1902 into the 1930s involved the usual profiles of Edward VII and George V. In 1920 a set of five stamps celebrated peace after <e0>World War I</e0>, and in 1930 another set of five depicting the Bahamian seal marked the 300th anniversary of the colony's founding.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/22/2021, 19:03:43</t0> The 2016 documentary film Fantastic Lies, which centered around the case and its aftermath, was part of ESPN's <e0>30 for 30</e0> film series. It premiered on March 13, 2016, 10 years to the day after the lacrosse players hosted the house party where Mangum claimed she was raped.[172]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/08/2023, 05:11:05</t0> In early ancient Greek, the adjective átheos (ἄθεος, from the privative ἀ- + θεός "god") meant "godless". It was first used as a term of censure roughly meaning "ungodly" or "impious". In the 5th century BCE, the word began to indicate more deliberate and active godlessness in the sense of "severing relations with the gods" or "denying the gods". The term ἀσεβής (asebēs) then came to be applied against those who impiously denied or disrespected the local gods, even if they believed in other gods. Modern translations of classical texts sometimes render átheos as "atheistic". As an abstract noun, there was also ἀθεότης (atheotēs), "atheism". Cicero transliterated the Greek word into the Latin átheos. The term found frequent use in the debate between <e0>early Christians</e0> and Hellenists, with each side attributing it, in the pejorative sense, to the other.[37]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/08/2023, 05:11:05</t0> The meaning of "atheist" changed over the course of classical antiquity.[109] <e0>Early Christians</e0> were widely reviled as "atheists" because they did not believe in the existence of the Graeco-Roman deities.[134][109][135][136] During the Roman Empire, Christians were executed for their rejection of the Roman gods in general and the Imperial cult of ancient Rome in particular.[136][137] There was, however, a heavy struggle between Christians and pagans, in which each group accused the other of atheism, for not practicing the religion which they considered correct.[138] When Christianity became the state religion of Rome under Theodosius I in 381, heresy became a punishable offense.[137]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/08/2023, 05:11:05</t0> In 1966, <e0>Time</e0> magazine asked "Is God Dead?"[165] in response to the Death of God theological movement, citing the estimation that nearly half of all people in the world lived under an anti-religious power, and millions more in Africa, Asia, and South America seemed to lack knowledge of the Christian view of theology.[166]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/05/2023, 18:24:22</t0> does the civil suit even stand a chance of going forward? here's an analysis from <e0>Time</e0>[7]:

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/05/2023, 18:24:22</t0> This article is currently the longest article in the entire English Wikipedia that is not a list. That means it's longer than History of the world, History of western civilization, <e0>World War I</e0>, <e1>World War II</e1>, The Holocaust, Vietnam War, etc. We need to take some dramatic steps to reduce the size of this article by at least 50%. After all, this is supposed to be an encyclopedia article, not a book. That may mean summarizing existing sections, moving some sections into separate articles, or deleting some sections entirely. I would like to see what ideas people have for editing this article down significantly. Kaldari 23:49, 9 August 2006 (UTC)<!--__DTREPLYBUTTONSCONTENT__--><!--__DTELLIPSISBUTTON__{"threadItem":{"timestamp":"2006-08-09T23:49:00.000Z","author":"Kaldari","type":"comment","level":1,"id":"c-Kaldari-2006-08-09T23:49:00.000Z-Editing_down_the_article","replies":["c-Anthonymendoza-2006-08-10T02:14:00.000Z-Kaldari-2006-08-09T23:49:00.000Z"]}}-->

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/10/2023, 22:54:22</t0> The 281st Rifle Division (Russian: 281-я стрелковая дивизия) was an infantry division of the Soviet Union's Red Army during <e0>World War II</e0>. Formed in the summer of 1941, the division fought in the siege of Leningrad until the end of the siege in early 1944, when it advanced into eastern Estonia. The 281st was soon moved north to fight against Finland during the summer of that year, and after Finland's withdrawal from the war fought in battles in East Prussia and Poland during early 1945. The division was disbanded in the summer of 1945.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/26/2023, 04:34:47</t0> PanzerBlitz is a tactical-scale board wargame published by Avalon Hill in 1970 that simulates armored combat set on the Eastern Front of <e0>World War II</e0>. The game, which was the most popular board wargame of the 1970s, is notable for being the first true board-based tactical-level, commercially available conflict simulation wargame. It also pioneered several concepts that would become industry standards.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/18/2023, 11:50:36</t0> Critics later reassessed the film far more positively. <e0>Time</e0> magazine switched its opinion from "Hitchcock bears down too heavily in this one" to "superlative" and "masterly", and Bosley Crowther changed his initial opinion and included it in his Top Ten list of 1960,[172] deeming it a "bold psychological mystery picture.... [I]t represented expert and sophisticated command of emotional development with cinematic techniques".[173]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/18/2023, 11:50:36</t0> Psycho has appeared on a number of lists by websites, television channels, and magazines. The shower scene was featured as number four on the list of Bravo Network's 100 Scariest Movie Moments,[195] whilst the finale was ranked number four on Premiere's similar list.[196] In the British Film Institute's 2012 Sight &amp; Sound polls of the greatest films ever made, Psycho was 35th among critics[197] and 48th among directors.[198] In the earlier 2002 version of the list the film ranked 35th among critics[199] and 19th among directors.[200][201] In the 2022 edition of BFI's Greatest films of all time list the film ranked 31st in the critics poll[202] and 46th in the director's poll.[203] In 1998 Time Out conducted a reader's poll and Psycho was voted the 29th greatest film of all time.[204] The Village Voice ranked Psycho at No. 19 in its Top 250 "Best Films of the Century" list in 1999, based on a poll of critics.[205] The film was listed as one of TCM's top 15 most influential films of all time list.[206] Entertainment Weekly voted it the 11th Greatest film of all time in 1999.[207] In January 2002, the film was voted at No. 72 on the list of the "Top 100 Essential Films of All Time" by the National Society of Film Critics.[208][209] The film was included in <e0>Time</e0>'s All-Time 100 best movies list in 2005.[210] In 2005, Total Film magazine ranked Psycho as the 6th-greatest horror film of all time.[211] In 2010, The Guardian newspaper ranked it as "the best horror film of all time".[212] Director Martin Scorsese included Psycho in his list of the 11 scariest horror films of all time.[213] The film was named as the third best horror movie of all time in a readers' poll by Rolling Stone magazine in 2014.[214] In 2017 Empire magazine's reader's poll ranked Psycho at No. 53 on its list of The 100 Greatest Movies.[215] In an earlier poll held by the same magazine in 2008, it was voted 45th on the list of "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time".[216] In 2021, the film was ranked at No. 5 by Time Out on their list of "The 100 best horror movies".[217]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/21/2022, 18:58:42</t0> Modern-day pornography began to take shape from the mid 1980s when the first desktop computers and public computer networks were released.[111] Since the 1990s, the Internet has made pornography more accessible and culturally visible.[112] Before the 90s, Usenet newsgroups served as the base for what has been called the "amateur revolution" where non-professionals from the late 1980s and early 1990s, with the help of digital cameras and the internet, created and distributed their own pornographic content independent of mainstream networks.[113] The use of the World Wide Web became popular with the introduction of Netscape navigator in 1994. This development led to newer methods of pornography distribution and consumption.[114] The internet turned out to be a popular source for pornography and was called the "Triple A-Engine" for offering consumers "anonymity, affordability, and accessibility", while driving the business of pornography.[111] The notion of internet being a medium abound with porn became popular enough that in 1995 <e0>Time</e0> published a cover story titled "CYBERPORN" with the face of a shocked child as the cover photo.[115] In the Reno v. ACLU (1997) ruling, the US Supreme Court upheld the legality of pornography distribution and consumption by adults over the internet. The Court noted that Government may not reduce the communication between adults to "only what is fit for children".[116][61]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/14/2022, 23:20:02</t0> After the <e0>First World War</e0>, he was a proponent of adopting armoured fighting vehicles. As a captain, Worthington took an eight-month course in the Canadian Armoured Fighting Vehicle School at Camp Borden in 1930, equipped with twelve Carden Loyd machine gun carriers. In 1936, then Major Worthington became an instructor at the Royal Tank School in Bovington Camp near Dorset, England, returning to Borden to assume the post of Commandant of the Canadian Armoured Fighting Vehicle School in 1938. Thanks to Worthington's determination, Canada acquired its first tanks in 1938: two Vickers light tanks, and ten more the following year.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/09/2023, 15:37:42</t0> Otto von Stülpnagel was born on 16 June 1878 in Berlin. He was a member of the Stülpnagel family. He pursued a military career in keeping with his family's long tradition of military service. Commissioned in 1898 and accepted as a member of the Imperial General Staff, he received several decorations for distinguished service on the western front during <e0>World War I</e0>. Nominated for the Pour le Mérite, Stülpnagel survived personnel cuts mandated by the Treaty of Versailles. Dismayed by accusations of German atrocities, he published an angry defence of German military conduct in a popular book entitled Die Wahrheit über die deutschen Kriegsverbrechen (The Truth about German War Crimes) (1921). Promoted to the rank Generalleutnant (lieutenant general) in 1931, Stülpnagel played a leading role in the Reichswehr in conjunction with Kurt von Schleicher and Erich Freiherr von dem Bussche-Ippenburg during the Weimar era. Transferred to the fledgling Luftwaffe in 1934, Stülpnagel eventually took charge of the air force academy before falling from favour and retiring in March 1939.[1]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/06/2023, 13:41:22</t0> Year 796 (DCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 796th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 796th year of the 1st millennium, the 96th year of the <e0>8th century</e0>, and the 7th year of the 790s decade. The denomination 796 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/14/2023, 02:52:25</t0> Another proponent of the U.S. Navy shootdown theory and prominent critic of the zoom climb scenario was H. Ray Lahr, a retired United Airlines pilot. Lahr, recipient of the Laura Taber Barbour Air Safety Award by the Flight Safety Foundation in 1994,[17] filed a <e0>Freedom of Information Act</e0> (FOIA) suit in U.S. District Court, Central District of California, Western Division, on November 6, 2003, against the NTSB and CIA.[18][non-primary source needed] Lahr sought documentation and data denied to him through previous FOIA requests that the NTSB and CIA used for their calculations of the zoom climb, which was used to produce the CIA animation.[18] When asked for his reasons for seeking these documents, Lahr stated "I believe that I could show that the zoom climb never happened. If the zoom climb never happened then they've got to find out what the eyewitnesses saw and the only logical conclusion there is that they saw a missile."[19]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/18/2023, 14:19:28</t0> Villa Saletta is about 40 km from Pisa and 5 km from Palaia. The village was first recorded in 980 and flourished during the <e0>15th century</e0>.[1]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/03/2023, 18:17:37</t0> He won the World Championship of Drivers five times—a record that stood for 46 years until beaten by Michael Schumacher—with four different teams (Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz, and Maserati), making him the only driver in F1 history to win titles with more than two teams. He holds the highest winning percentage in Formula One at 46.15%, winning 24 of 52 Formula One races he entered.[4] Additionally, Fangio also holds the record for the highest pole percentage at 55.77%, achieving 29 pole positions from 52 entries.[5] Fangio is the only Argentine driver to have won the <e0>Argentine Grand Prix</e0>, which he won four times in his career, more than any other driver. He is also the only Argentine to win the World Drivers' Championship.[6][7]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/13/2023, 14:28:55</t0> 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1881st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 881st year of the <e0>2nd millennium</e0>, the 81st year of the <e1>19th century</e1>, and the 2nd year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1881, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/16/2023, 07:57:35</t0> Friedrich Dürrenmatt (.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}German: [ˈfriːdrɪç ˈdʏrənˌmat] ⓘ; 5 January 1921 – 14 December 1990) was a Swiss author and dramatist. He was a proponent of epic theatre whose plays reflected the recent experiences of <e0>World War II</e0>. The politically active author's work included avant-garde dramas, philosophical crime novels, and macabre satire. Dürrenmatt was a member of the Gruppe Olten, a group of left-wing Swiss writers who convened regularly at a restaurant in the city of Olten.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/31/2023, 11:50:42</t0> France's efforts to construct a canal across the isthmus in the 1880s and efforts by the United States in the early 20th century stimulated the Panamanian economy.[18] The United States completed the canal in 1914.[19] However, the world depression of the 1930s reduced international trade and canal traffic, causing widespread unemployment in the terminal cities and generating a flow of workers to subsistence farming. During <e0>World War II</e0>, canal traffic did not increase, but the economy boomed as the convoy system and the presence of United States forces, sent to defend the canal, increased foreign spending in the canal cities. The end of the war was followed by an economic depression and another movement of unemployed people into agriculture.[18]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/27/2023, 18:50:05</t0> Job's tears is native to Southeast Asian countries, namely India, Myanmar, China, and Malaysia.[21] Residue on pottery from a <e0>Neolithic</e0> (late Yangshao Culture) site in north-central China[a] shows that Job's tears, together with non-native barley and other plants were used to brew beer as early as ca. 3000 BC.[b][22]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/15/2023, 19:14:47</t0> Apart from a cameo in Terry Gilliam's Jabberwocky and a minor role as a drunken vicar in the BBC sitcom <e0>The Young Ones</e0>, Jones rarely appeared in work outside his own projects. From 2009 to 2011, however, he provided narration for The Legend of Dick and Dom, a CBBC fantasy series set in the Middle Ages. He also appears in two French films by Albert Dupontel: Le Créateur (1999) and Enfermés dehors (2006).[51][52]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/02/2023, 15:55:58</t0> Smaug was voiced and interpreted with performance capture by Benedict Cumberbatch in Peter Jackson's three-part adaptation of The Hobbit.[24] From the motion capture, Smaug's design was created with key frame animation. Weta Digital employed its proprietary "Tissue" software, which was honoured in 2013 with a "Scientific and Engineering Award" from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to make the dragon as realistic as possible. In addition, Weta Digital supervisor Joe Letteri said in an interview for <e0>USA Today</e0> that they used classic European and Asian dragons as inspirations to create Smaug.[25] The Telegraph stated that Cumberbatch had "the authority to make of Smaug a cunning nemesis".[26]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>02/01/2021, 15:53:01</t0> No. 461 Squadron was a Royal Australian Air Force maritime patrol squadron during <e0>World War II</e0> which operated under Royal Air Force control flying in Europe and over the Atlantic. The squadron was formed in 1942 and was disbanded in mid-1945, just after the end of the war in Europe. Personnel were drawn from many countries of the British Empire, although the majority were Australians. Throughout the war, the squadron was credited with destroying a total of six German U-boats, and operated mainly in the Bay of Biscay and Atlantic.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/14/2023, 14:42:17</t0> Joos also expressed admiration for Cyriel Verschaeve, a Belgian priest and poet who was convicted as a <e0>Nazi</e0> collaborator for recruiting young men for the Eastern Front during the Second World War.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/29/2021, 07:13:18</t0> <e0>Time</e0> ranked the website at No. 39 on its list of "50 Best Websites" in 2010.[28]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/18/2023, 19:32:48</t0> The first two World Cup matches took place simultaneously on 13 July 1930, and were won by France and the United States, who defeated Mexico 4–1 and Belgium 3–0 respectively. The first goal in World Cup history was scored by Lucien Laurent of France.[21] In the <e0>final</e0>, Uruguay defeated Argentina 4–2 in front of 93,000 spectators in Montevideo, and became the first nation to win the World Cup.[22] After the creation of the World Cup, FIFA and the IOC disagreed over the status of amateur players; football was dropped from the 1932 Summer Olympics.[23][24] After the IOC and FIFA worked out their differences, Olympic football returned at the 1936 Summer Olympics, but was now overshadowed by the more prestigious World Cup.[23]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/18/2023, 19:32:48</t0> The issues facing the early World Cup tournaments were the difficulties of intercontinental travel, and war. Few South American teams were willing to travel to Europe for the 1934 World Cup and all North and South American nations except Brazil and Cuba boycotted the 1938 tournament. Brazil was the only South American team to compete in both. The 1942 and 1946 competitions, which Germany and Brazil sought to host,[25] were cancelled due to <e0>World War II</e0>.[26]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/09/2023, 00:29:55</t0> The M4 Sherman, officially Medium Tank, M4, was the most widely used medium tank by the United States and Western Allies in <e0>World War II</e0>. The M4 Sherman proved to be reliable, relatively cheap to produce, and available in great numbers. It was also the basis of several other armored fighting vehicles including self-propelled artillery, tank destroyers, and armored recovery vehicles. Tens of thousands were distributed through the Lend-Lease program to the British Commonwealth and Soviet Union. The tank was named by the British after the American Civil War General William Tecumseh Sherman.[7]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/09/2023, 00:29:55</t0> While combat in the <e0>European theater</e0> often consisted of high-profile armored warfare, the mainly naval nature of the Pacific Theater of Operations (PTO) relegated it to secondary status for both the Allies and the Japanese. While the U.S. Army fielded 16 armored divisions and 70 separate tank battalions during the war, only a third of the battalions and none of the divisions were deployed to the Pacific Theater.[47] The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) deployed only their 1st Tank Division and 2nd Tank Division to the Pacific during the war with the 3rd Tank Division being deployed in Burma, China and Manchukuo's border with the Soviet Union and the 4th Tank Division remaining on the Japanese home islands in preparation for an allied invasion that never came.[48] Armor from both sides mostly operated in jungle terrain that was poorly suited to armored warfare. For this type of terrain, the Japanese and the Allies found light tanks easier to transport and deploy.[49]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/09/2023, 00:29:55</t0> At first, a partial remedy to ammunition fires in the M4 was found in 1943 by welding 1-inch thick (25 mm) appliqué armor plates to the sponson sides over the ammunition stowage bins, though there was doubt that these had any effect.[citation needed] Later models moved ammunition stowage to the hull floor, with water jackets surrounding each storage bin. The practice, known as "wet stowage", reduced the chance of fire after a hit to about 15 percent.[111] The Sherman gained grim nicknames like "Zippo" (after the cigarette lighter), and "Ronson" (because "it lights the first time, every time"; this story has been challenged because the Ronson company did not begin using the slogan until the 1950s and the average soldier did not have a Ronson[88]) and "Tommycooker" (by the Germans, who referred to British soldiers as "Tommies"; a tommy cooker was a <e0>World War I</e0>-era trench stove). Fuel fires occasionally occurred, but such fires were far less common and less deadly than ammunition fires.[110] In many cases, the fuel tank of the Sherman was found intact after a fire. Tankers described "fierce, blinding jets of flame", which is consistent with burning pressurized hydraulic fluid, but not gasoline-related fires.[109]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>08/25/2023, 18:45:04</t0> <e0>Cuneiform</e0> is an ancient writing system originating in Mesopotamia.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/29/2023, 20:11:08</t0> The Farrelly brothers and Seth MacFarlane depict Rhode Island in popular culture, often making comedic parodies of the state. MacFarlane's television series <e0>Family Guy</e0> is based in a fictional Rhode Island city named Quahog, and notable local events and celebrities are regularly lampooned. Peter Griffin is seen working at the Pawtucket brewery, and other state locations are mentioned.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/27/2023, 14:13:11</t0> Prince Regent was a schooner constructed for Upper Canada's Provincial Marine for use on Lake Ontario. Built just before the beginning of the <e0>War of 1812</e0>, the vessel took part in the attack on Sackett's Harbor, New York. With the arrival of the Royal Navy in the Great Lakes under the command of Commodore James Lucas Yeo in 1813, the vessel was renamed HMS Lord Beresford or General Beresford, or Beresford. The British detachment on the lake engaged the American naval squadron and attacked American positions in the Niagara region, while supporting British armies.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/27/2023, 14:13:11</t0> Prince Regent was designed by the shipwright John Dennis as a standard topsail schooner for use by the Provincial Marine on the Great Lakes.[1][2] As built, the vessel was pierced for ten guns and was 72 feet 6 inches (22.1 m) long at the gun deck and 59 feet 10+1⁄2 inches (18.2 m) at the waterline. The schooner had a beam of 21 feet 2 inches (6.5 m) and a depth of hold of 7 feet 3 inches (2.2 m). Prince Regent measured 14267⁄94 tons burthen. The schooner had a maximum draught of 9 feet 4 inches (2.8 m) when fully loaded. During the <e0>War of 1812</e0>, Prince Regent carried a variety of armament. In 1812, the vessel was armed with ten 12-pounder (5.4 kg) carronades and two 6-pounder (2.7 kg) long guns. In 1813, the armament was increased to ten 18-pounder (8.2 kg) carronades and two 9-pounder (4.1 kg) long guns. The following year, the 18-pounder carronades were reduced to eight; one 24-pounder (11 kg) long gun situated on a pivot mount replaced them.[3]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/29/2022, 07:27:55</t0> The Spanish population in Ontario and Quebec were relatively minor until after <e0>World War II</e0> and have not really had a profound impact in developing or promoting their language and culture, unlike the Hispanophone Latin American community. This in part is due to the fact that the Spanish population in Canada is much smaller in comparison to the Hispanophone Latin American population. As a rule of thumb, second generation Spanish Canadians seem to have become indifferent or have lost interest in having any ties to Spain[citation needed] and have easily been absorbed into the Anglophone or Francophone Canadian culture. Those Spanish Canadians who retained their language live along with and/or intermarried with Hispanophone Latin American Canadians[citation needed]; Spanish and French are Romance languages and share similarities in morphology and syntax.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/04/2020, 23:47:29</t0> Sterling wrote the songs Meet Me in St. Louis, Louis in 1904 and Wait 'Till the Sun Shines, Nellie in 1905. He wrote the song America, Here's My Boy for the Peerless Quartet in 1917 in the aftermath of U.S. entry into <e0>World War I</e0> in April 1917. He wrote On the Old Fall River Line with Von Tilzer and W. Jerome. He worked with Von Tilzer on the classic Pick Me Up and Lay Me Down in Dear Old Dixieland.[3] Other songs for which Sterling wrote the lyrics in whole or part include After the War is Over (1918) and When My Baby Smiles at Me (1920).

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/13/2022, 21:19:02</t0> William M. Morrow (September 6, 1866 – July 21, 1944) was an American football player and soldier. He played college football at the University of Michigan in 1885 and 1886 and was the starting quarterback for the 1886 Michigan Wolverines football team. He enlisted in the United States Army in 1888 and served for more than 40 years until his retirement in 1930. He was decorated for his service in <e0>World War I</e0> and achieved the rank of brigadier general.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/13/2022, 21:19:02</t0> During <e0>World War I</e0>, he served with the 7th Infantry, 3rd Division, in France. For his leadership at Claire Chêne Woods in October 1917, he received the Distinguished Service Cross. The citation recognized Morrow "for extraordinary heroism in action while serving as Commanding Officer, 7th Infantry Regiment, 3d Division, A.E.F., in the Claires-Chenes Woods, north of Montfaucon, France, October 20–21, 1918. On October 20, 1918, when the Claire Chenes had been taken by the troops of his command and a hostile counterattack had forced them back over the ground gained in the morning's fighting, Colonel Morrow at once took personal command of the battalion engaged in the operations, reorganized it, and with distinguished gallantry and inspiring example led his men to a victorious counterattack, drove the enemy from the woods, secured its possession, and consolidated it. On October 21 he again displayed the same qualities of leadership and personal gallantry in the successful assault on Hill No. 299."[6][7][8] He was also awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal "for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to the Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I. Colonel Morrow served with conspicuous success as Commanding Officer of the 7th Infantry, 3d Division, succeeding in all of the difficult missions assigned to him. His sound judgment and untiring energy proved important factors in the successful operations of his division against the enemy."[7] He also received the French Légion d´honneur by Presidential Decree on May 14, 1919, and French Croix de Guerre with palm in April 1919.[9]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/11/2023, 17:35:45</t0> "Born Free" is the twelfth episode of season one and first-season finale of the American television drama series <e0>Dexter</e0>, which aired on December 17, 2006 on Showtime in the United States.[1] The episode also aired on May 4, 2008 on CTV in Canada;[2] on May 14, 2008 on FX in the UK;[3] on September 28, 2008 on Channel Ten in Australia; and on March 21, 2011 on STAR World in India.[4] The episode was written by Daniel Cerone and executive producer Melissa Rosenberg, and was directed by Michael Cuesta.[5] Based on the novel Darkly Dreaming Dexter by Jeff Lindsay, the season featured many differences to the original source, mainly in the lead-up to and revelation of the identity of the "Ice Truck Killer". The episode received critical acclaim.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/22/2023, 07:08:27</t0> Lieutenant William Harry Bland (6 June 1898 in Karachi, Sind, Presidency of Bombay, Raj of India, British Empire – 24 October 1962 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada) was a British <e0>World War I</e0> flying ace credited with seven aerial victories.[1]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/16/2023, 20:39:12</t0> Pepin was the son of the Frankish prince Charles Martel and his wife Rotrude. Pepin's upbringing was distinguished by the ecclesiastical education he had received from the Christian monks of the Abbey Church of St. Denis, near Paris. Succeeding his father as the Mayor of the Palace in 741, Pepin reigned over Francia jointly with his elder brother, Carloman. Pepin ruled in Neustria, <e0>Burgundy</e0>, and Provence, while his older brother Carloman established himself in Austrasia, Alemannia, and Thuringia. The brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the Bavarians, Aquitanians, Saxons, and the Alemanni in the early years of their reign. In 743, they ended the Frankish Interregnum [fr] by choosing Childeric III, who was to be the last Merovingian monarch, as figurehead King of the Franks.[citation needed]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/04/2023, 13:50:18</t0> In 1945, Moon attended the Israel Monastery (Israel Jesus Church near Seoul) with his wife, Choi Sun-Kil (최선길; 崔先吉; Choe Seon-gil), to learn the teachings of Kim Baek-moon [ko], including his book The Fundamental Principles of Christianity (基督教根本原理 drafted March 2, 1946, published March 2, 1958).[32][33][34] After <e0>World War II</e0> and the Japanese rule ended in 1945, Moon began preaching.[31] In 1946, Moon traveled alone to Pyongyang in Communist-ruled North Korea.[35] He was arrested on allegations of spying for South Korea and given a five-year sentence to the Hŭngnam labor camp.[36]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/22/2023, 19:51:03</t0> In 1775, the Continental Congress established the Continental Army, the Continental Navy, and the Continental Marines. This newly formed military, fighting alongside the Kingdom of France, triumphed over the British during the war, which led to independence via the Treaty of Paris. In 1789, the new Constitution made the U.S. president the commander-in-chief, and gave Congress the authority to declare war.[2] Major conflicts involving the U.S. military include the American Indian Wars, the <e0>War of 1812</e0>, the Mexican-American War, the American Civil War, the Banana Wars, <e1>World War I</e1>, <e2>World War II</e2>, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Iraq War.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/22/2023, 19:51:03</t0> By far the largest military action in which the United States engaged during this era was the <e0>War of 1812</e0>.[16] With Britain locked in a major war with Napoleonic France, its policy was to block American shipments to France. The United States sought to remain neutral while pursuing overseas trade. Britain cut the trade and impressed seamen on American ships into the Royal Navy, despite intense protests. Britain supported an Indian insurrection in the American Midwest, with the goal of creating an Indian barrier state there that would block American expansion. The United States finally declared war on the United Kingdom in 1812, the first time the U.S. had officially declared war. Not hopeful of defeating the Royal Navy, the U.S. attacked the British Empire by invading British Canada, hoping to use captured territory as a bargaining chip. The invasion of Canada was a debacle, though concurrent wars with Native Americans on the western front (Tecumseh's War and the Creek War) were more successful. After defeating Napoleon in 1814, Britain sent large veteran armies to invade New York, raid Washington and capture the key control of the Mississippi River at New Orleans. The New York invasion was a fiasco after the much larger British Army retreated to Canada. The raiders succeeded in the burning of Washington on 25 August 1814, but were repulsed in their Chesapeake Bay Campaign at the Battle of Baltimore and the British commander killed. The major invasion in Louisiana was stopped by a one-sided military battle that killed the top three British generals and thousands of soldiers. The winners were the commanding general of the Battle of New Orleans, Major General Andrew Jackson, who later became president, and the Americans, who basked in a victory over a much more powerful nation. The peace treaty proved successful, and the U.S. and Britain never again went to war. The losers were the Indians, who never gained the independent territory in the Midwest promised by Britain.[17]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/22/2023, 19:51:03</t0> The United States originally wished to remain neutral when <e0>World War I</e0> broke out in August 1914. However, it insisted on its right as a neutral party to immunity from German submarine attack, even though its ships carried food and raw materials to Britain. In 1917 the Germans resumed submarine attacks, knowing that it would lead to American entry. When the United States declared war in early April 1917, the United States Army was still small by European standards (most of which had conscription) and mobilization would take at least a year. Meanwhile, the United States continued to provide supplies and money to Britain and France, and initiated the first peacetime draft.[58] Industrial mobilization took longer than expected, so divisions were sent to Europe without equipment, relying instead on the British and French to supply them.[59]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/22/2023, 19:51:03</t0> The overall neglect for military involvement eventually resulted in appeasement in the early stages of World War II, at the distress of Roosevelt (who wanted to continue cash-and-carry for the <e0>European theater</e0> and the Pacific). After being rebuffed by Congress for attempting to reinstate cash-and-carry for the European theater, Roosevelt eventually won the favor of restoring the arms trade with belligerent nations after Germany's invasion of Poland, which is said by many to have fixed the United States economy. Total involvement in the war began after the Attack on Pearl Harbor, where isolationism began to cede.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/22/2023, 19:51:03</t0> U.S. troops participated in a UN peacekeeping mission in Somalia beginning in 1992. By 1993 the American troops were augmented with Rangers and special forces with the aim of capturing warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid, whose forces had massacred peacekeepers from Pakistan. During a raid in downtown Mogadishu, U.S. troops became trapped overnight by a general uprising in the <e0>Battle of Mogadishu</e0>. Eighteen American soldiers were killed, and a U.S. television crew filmed graphic images of the body of one soldier being dragged through the streets by an angry mob. Somali guerrillas paid a staggering toll at an estimated 1,000–5,000 total casualties during the conflict. After much public disapproval, American forces were quickly withdrawn by President Bill Clinton. The incident profoundly affected American views on peacekeeping and intervention. The book Black Hawk Down was written about the battle, and was the basis for the later movie of the same name.[105]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/22/2023, 19:51:03</t0> <e0>Operation Uphold Democracy</e0> (19 September 1994 – 31 March 1995) was an intervention designed to reinstate the elected President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, who was reported to have died in office during the bombing of the presidential palace. The operation was effectively authorized by the 31 July 1994 United Nations Security Council Resolution 940.[106]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/26/2023, 12:46:35</t0> Plemelj was born in the village of Bled near Bled Castle in Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia); he died in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia (now Slovenia). His father, Urban, a carpenter and crofter, died when Josip was only a year old. His mother Marija, née Mrak, found bringing up the family alone very hard, but she was able to send her son to school in Ljubljana, where Plemelj studied from 1886 to 1894. Due to a bench thrown into Tivoli Pond by him or his friends, he could not attend the school after he finished the fourth class and had to pass the final exam privately.[2] After leaving and obtaining the necessary examination results he went to the University of Vienna in 1894 where he had applied to Faculty of Arts to study mathematics, physics and <e0>astronomy</e0>. His professors in Vienna were von Escherich for mathematical analysis, Gegenbauer and Mertens for arithmetic and algebra, Weiss for astronomy, Stefan's student Boltzmann for physics.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/26/2023, 12:46:35</t0> In April 1902 he became a private senior lecturer at the University of Vienna. In 1906, he was appointed assistant at the Technical University of Vienna. In 1907, he became associate professor and in 1908 full professor of mathematics at the University of Chernivtsi (Ukrainian: Чернівці, Russian: Черновцы), Ukraine. From 1912 to 1913 he was dean of this faculty. In 1917, his political views led him to be forcibly ejected by the government and resettled in Moravia. After the <e0>First World War</e0> he became a member of the University Commission under the Slovene Provincial Government and helped establish the first Slovene university at Ljubljana, and was elected its first chancellor. In the same year he was appointed professor of mathematics at the Faculty of Arts. After the Second World War he joined the Faculty of Natural Science and Technology (FNT). He retired in 1957 after having lectured in mathematics for 40 years.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/07/2023, 20:04:33</t0> 1823 (MDCCCXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1823rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 823rd year of the <e0>2nd millennium</e0>, the 23rd year of the <e1>19th century</e1>, and the 4th year of the 1820s decade. As of the start of 1823, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.