Datasets:

hugosousa

/

WikiTimelines

like 0

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/18/2019, 04:18:41</t0> At the 2017 American Music Awards, Pink performed the title track while hanging by a high wire in the air and walking on the side of the JW Marriott Hotel, Los Angeles.[67] The singer collaborated with the aerial dance group Bandaloop for a heavily choreographed performance, which included backward flips, "stunning extensions", and other acrobatic moves.[68] The performance was met with positive reviews from critics.[69][70] Billboard listed it as the best performance of the night, with the staff adding that "what makes Pink such a special performance is that no matter the setting, it's still about the vocals first".[71] In the United Kingdom, Pink promoted the album by performing "What About Us" on The Graham Norton Show on December 1, 2017.[72][73] She also performed the song live on the finale of the 14th series of The X Factor UK two days later, along with "Beautiful Trauma".[74] On December 5, 2017, Pink traveled to France and performed a concert at the Élysée Montmartre in Paris as part of the NRJ Music Tour. Her setlist included "What About Us" and "Beautiful Trauma".[75] The singer later appeared on French television show Quotidien, where she was interviewed and performed "What About Us".[76] On December 10, 2017, Pink performed the song again on The Voice of Germany.[77] In 2018, she attended the 60th Annual Grammy Awards and performed "Wild Hearts Can't Be Broken", accompanied on stage by an ASL interpreter.[78] Writing for People, Stephanie Petit called the performance "emotional",[79] while Katie Atkinson of Billboard felt that Pink "nailed the impossibly high notes at the song's emotional climax".[80] Following the performance, she released a music video for the song. Shot in black-and-white and directed by Sasha Samsonova, the accompanying music video sees Pink singing while sitting alone in a barren room, wearing a white tank top and distressed jeans.[81][82] Taylor Seely of <e0>USA Today</e0> called the visual "stunning", while Desiree Murphy of Entertainment Tonight opined that "it's one of her most powerful music videos yet".[83][84]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/23/2023, 19:02:36</t0> After <e0>World War II</e0>, Allied occupation authorities ordered the dissolution of all sports organizations in Germany. Fortuna was re-formed in 1945 and then played most of their football in the Oberliga West (I) in the years between 1947 and the creation of the Bundesliga, West Germany's professional football league, in 1963. It played as a lower-to-mid-table side but did earn three appearances in the DFB-Pokal final in – 1957, 1958 and 1962 – but was not able to take the prize, losing each of those matches to Bayern Munich, VfB Stuttgart and 1. FC Nürnberg. It was also during this era that Toni Turek, goalkeeper for West Germany's "Miracle of Bern" side at the 1954 World Cup; Erich Juskowiak (30 caps and World Cup player in 1958); and later national team coach Jupp Derwall all represented Fortuna.[3]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/22/2023, 00:28:36</t0> HMCS Pictou was a Royal Canadian Navy Flower-class corvette which took part in convoy escort duties during the <e0>Second World War</e0>. She fought mainly in the Battle of the Atlantic. She was named for Pictou, Nova Scotia.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/09/2022, 14:46:15</t0> As a collection field, philately appeared after the introduction of the postage stamps in 1840,[6][7] but did not gain large attraction until the mid-1850s. In the U.S., early collectors of stamps were known as "stamp gatherers". The United States Postal Service re-issued stamps in 1875 due to public demand for 'old stamps', including those from before the American Civil War.[8] Some authors[7] believe that the first philatelist appeared on the day of the release of the world's first postage stamp, dated to 6 May 1840, when the Liverson, Denby and Lavie London law office sent a letter to Scotland franked with ten uncut Penny Blacks, stamped with the postmark "LS.6MY6. 1840." In 1992 at an auction in Zurich, this envelope was sold for 690,000 <e0>francs</e0>.[9]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/23/2023, 07:24:08</t0> While purpose-built towns and cities have many precedents in antiquity - the 195 BC iteration of Chang'an providing a case in point - the New Towns movement refers to an ideologically-driven social campaign. An associated government-driven building and development program to realise the creation of new towns took place in two tranches in the United Kingdom after <e0>World War II</e0>. Towns were planned and built with two main intentions: to remedy overcrowding and congestion, and to organize scattered ad hoc settlements.[1] An additional purpose was to rehouse people in freshly built, fully planned towns that were completely self-sufficient for the community. Ideological aspects of environmental determinism predominated in this last purpose.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/23/2023, 07:24:08</t0> The New Town Movement was derived from the Garden City Movement, based on Howard's writings, and seen as an alternative to the overcrowded, polluted, chaotic and miserable industrial cities that had appeared in Britain. Towards the end of <e0>World War I</e0>, a group called the "New Townsmen" was formed, including Howard, Osborn, C.B. Purdom and W.G. Taylor. They began advocating for the development of 100 new cities.[5]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/23/2023, 07:24:08</t0> Towards the end of <e0>World War I</e0>, the Garden City principles were reasserted by the "New Townsmen" (Howard, Osborn, Purdon, and Tayler), who, referring to the success of Letchworth, proposed 100 government-supported new towns to address post-war rebuilding. However, the need for post-war housing resulted in new suburbs being prioritised over towns for the next two decades, with some four million high standard houses built in between the wars.[3] Conversely, some attempts were made at designing rebuilding efforts as satellite towns such as Manchester's Wythenshawe and Liverpool's Speke and Knowsley, which also included provisions for industry. Nonetheless, these were extensions of existing cities and not true New Towns.[4] Furthermore, three-quarters of all the new housing was built privately meaning a default bottom-line approach was adopted into the inter-war development efforts.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/04/2023, 13:29:19</t0> The Battle of Peleliu, codenamed Operation Stalemate II by the US military, was fought between the United States and Japan during the Mariana and Palau Islands campaign of <e0>World War II</e0>, from 15 September to 27 November 1944, on the island of Peleliu.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/30/2023, 08:11:01</t0> Qantas is the flag carrier of Australia. Australian National Airways was the predominant domestic carrier from the mid-1930s to the early 1950s. After <e0>World War II</e0>, Qantas was nationalised and its domestic operations were transferred to Trans Australia Airlines in 1946. The Two Airlines Policy was formally established in 1952 to ensure the viability of both airlines. However, ANA's leadership was quickly eroded by TAA, and it was acquired by Ansett Airways in 1957. The duopoly continued for the next four decades. In the mid-1990s TAA was merged with Qantas and later privatised. Ansett collapsed in September 2001. In the following years, Virgin Australia became a challenger to Qantas. Both companies launched low-cost subsidiaries Jetstar and Tigerair Australia respectively.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>08/30/2023, 13:38:19</t0> Heinz Lammerding (27 August 1905 – 13 January 1971) was a German SS officer convicted of war crimes during the Nazi era. During <e0>World War II</e0>, he commanded the SS Panzer Division Das Reich that perpetrated the Tulle and the Oradour-sur-Glane massacres in occupied France. After the war, Lammerding was convicted in absentia for having ordered the murder of approximately 750 French civilians, but remained protected by Germany after serving a prison sentence there.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/09/2023, 02:03:31</t0> CONELRAD (Control of Electromagnetic Radiation) was a method of emergency broadcasting to the public of the United States in the event of enemy attack during the Cold War. It was intended to allow continuous broadcast of civil defense information to the public using radio stations, while rapidly switching the transmitter stations to make the broadcasts unsuitable for Soviet bombers that might attempt to home in on the signals (as was done during <e0>World War II</e0>, when German radio stations, based in or near cities, were used as beacons by bomber pilots).

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/09/2023, 02:03:31</t0> In a <e0>Time magazine</e0> article featured in the November 14, 1960 issue, the author details why the warning system consisting of localized civil defense sirens and the CONELRAD radio-alert system was "basically unsound".[7] The author's alternative was to advocate for the National Emergency Alarm Repeater as a supplement, which did not need a radio or television to be switched on to warn citizens, nor a large CD siren to be in their vicinity.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/09/2023, 04:27:31</t0> The first chemical for hypertension, sodium thiocyanate, was used in 1900 but had many side effects and was unpopular.[182] Several other agents were developed after the <e0>Second World War</e0>, the most popular and reasonably effective of which were tetramethylammonium chloride, hexamethonium, hydralazine, and reserpine (derived from the medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina). None of these were well tolerated.[189][190] A major breakthrough was achieved with the discovery of the first well-tolerated orally available agents. The first was chlorothiazide, the first thiazide diuretic and developed from the antibiotic sulfanilamide, which became available in 1958.[182][191] Subsequently, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and renin inhibitors were developed as antihypertensive agents.[188]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/08/2023, 05:59:07</t0> Lafayette's major daily newspaper is The Daily Advertiser, owned by Gannett (publishers of <e0>USA Today</e0>). Established in 1865 as the Weekly Advertiser, it purchased the local alternative paper, The Times of Acadiana in 1998. Other prominent newspapers in the Lafayette area include Acadiana Profile,[130] Baton Rouge-based The Advocate and its local paper The Acadiana Advocate,[131] The Independent,[132] and UL-based The Vermilion.[133] The Current is a non-profit online news organization that has published since 2017.[134]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/20/2023, 02:42:24</t0> The seventh match was to determine the #1 contender to the <e0>Undisputed WWF Championship</e0> at Judgment Day with Ric Flair as the special guest referee between The Undertaker and Stone Cold Steve Austin. After a back-and-forth match, Austin brawled with The Undertaker at ringside. Austin attempted a Piledriver on The Undertaker, who countered into a Back Body Drop and pushed Austin into his motorbike. After Flair was knocked down, Austin performed a Stone Cold Stunner on The Undertaker. After Flair was knocked down again, The Undertaker performed a low blow on Austin and a Chokeslam on Austin for a near-fall. The Undertaker attempted to hit Austin with a chair but Flair grabbed the chair, allowing Austin to perform a low blow on The Undertaker. Austin attempted a Stone Cold Stunner on The Undertaker but The Undertaker countered, during which Flair was knocked down again. The Undertaker hit Austin with the chair for a near-fall. Austin attempted to hit The Undertaker with the chair but The Undertaker performed a Big Boot into the chair, which struck Austin. The Undertaker pinned Austin to win the match, but Flair had not seen Austin's foot on the bottom rope.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/20/2023, 02:42:24</t0> The night after Backlash, Big Show betrayed Stone Cold Steve Austin in a tag team match against the nWo and joined the stable. Over the next two weeks, Big Show explained it was because he felt Austin took a main event spot at WrestleMania away from him; at WrestleMania 2000 Big Show challenged for the <e0>WWF Championship</e0> while Austin had neck surgery, but the following year at WrestleMania X-Seven, Austin competed in the main event for the WWF Championship, while Big Show did not, and at WrestleMania X8, Austin was scheduled a match against Scott Hall while Big Show was at WWF New York in Times Square. Later that night, Austin and Bradshaw united with Ric Flair in a battle against the nWo stable, but Flair betrayed both wrestlers and became affiliated with the nWo although he never officially joined. Flair's betrayal eventually led to Booker T's drafting by Flair to be the newest nWo member on the May 13 episode of Raw. The feud between Austin and Flair escalated on that episode when Austin gained revenge by costing Flair an Undisputed WWE Championship match against Hollywood Hulk Hogan. This led to a handicap match at Judgment Day pitting Austin against the team of Flair and Big Show, which Austin won.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/20/2023, 02:42:24</t0> Triple H and Chris Jericho continued their feud on the April 25 episode of SmackDown!, where Jericho defeated Triple H in a number one contenders match due to interference by The Undertaker, who also cost Triple H the Undisputed WWF Championship at Backlash. The following week, Jericho challenged Hollywood Hulk Hogan for the Undisputed WWF Championship in a no disqualification match with a stipulation added that if The Undertaker or any Raw superstar interfered in the title match, they would be suspended. During the title match, Triple H interfered and distracted Jericho, enabling Hogan to pin Jericho to retain the title. On the May 9 episode of SmackDown!, Mr. McMahon ordered that if Triple H had laid his hands on McMahon, there would be consequences. Triple H then challenged McMahon to fight him in the ring until <e0>Hardcore Holly</e0>, Test, Lance Storm, Christian and Reverend D-Von came to the ring and beat Triple H down. Jericho then came down and nailed Triple H with the steel chair then locked him in the Walls of Jericho, ending with McMahon announcing a Hell in a Cell match at Judgment Day, which would be a WrestleMania X8 rematch between the two. Later that night, Jericho and Triple H interfered in each other's matches. First, D-Von defeated Triple H after Jericho nailed Triple H with D-Von's donation box. Then during Jericho's tag team match along with Angle against Edge and Hogan, Triple H interfered and nailed all four of them and the referee with a sledgehammer. McMahon distracted and dared Triple H to nail him with a sledgehammer, enabling Jericho to nail Triple H with the steel chair. They concluded their feud at Judgment Day, when Triple H defeated Jericho in a Hell in a Cell match.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/25/2023, 06:58:05</t0> The Siegestor (English: Victory Gate) in Munich is a three-arched memorial arch, crowned with a statue of Bavaria with a lion-quadriga. The monument was originally dedicated to the glory of the Bavarian army. Since its restoration following <e0>World War II</e0>, it now stands as a reminder to peace.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/25/2023, 06:58:05</t0> The arch was originally dedicated to the glory of the Bavarian army (Dem Bayerischen Heere). Today, the Siegestor is a monument and reminder to peace. After sustaining heavy damage in <e0>World War II</e0> it was to be demolished in July 1945,[1] however, the arch was reconstructed and restored only partially,[4] in a manner similar to the conservation of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche in Berlin. The new inscription on the back side by Wilhelm Hausenstein reads Dem Sieg geweiht, vom Krieg zerstört, zum Frieden mahnend, "Dedicated to victory, destroyed by war, urging peace". In the early 21st century, the remaining statues were meticulously cleaned and restored.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/25/2023, 06:58:05</t0> In the ninth season of <e0>The Amazing Race</e0>, the final Pit Stop for the third leg (a double length leg) was in front of the monument, where the last team to arrive was eliminated from The Amazing Race.[5]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/09/2023, 17:53:47</t0> In Siegfried Sassoon's Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man, Sassoon writes "The air was Elysian with early summer". Its use in this context could be prolepsis, as the British countryside he is describing would become the burial ground of his dead comrades and heroes from <e0>World War I</e0>.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/09/2023, 17:53:47</t0> The soundtrack of the <e0>2000</e0> film Gladiator features the song "Elysium" by Hans Zimmer and Lisa Gerrard.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/29/2023, 11:07:11</t0> The inaugural world championships in alpine skiing were held in 1931. During the 1930s, the event was held annually in Europe, until interrupted by the outbreak of <e0>World War II</e0>, preventing a 1940 event. An event was held in 1941, but included competitors only from nations from the Axis powers or nations not at war with them. The results were later cancelled by the FIS in 1946 because of the limited number of participants, so they are not considered official.[1]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/08/2023, 20:44:36</t0> During this period, he made his acting debut in an episode of the soap opera <e0>Santa Barbara</e0> in 1986. This was followed by guest appearances in television series such as 1st &amp; Ten, Murder She Wrote, and The Commish. In 1992, he starred in an unsuccessful pilot for a medical drama series titled Condition: Critical, which was not picked up, but aired as a television film on ABC. He was considered for and lost out to Dean Cain as Superman in Lois &amp; Clark: The New Adventures of Superman and was a possible contender for the role of Fox Mulder in The X-Files, which went to David Duchovny.[7][8][9][10] In 1993, he made his film debut playing a supporting role in Slaughter of the Innocents.[11]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/23/2023, 13:51:23</t0> The Nożyk Synagogue (Polish: Synagoga Nożyków) is the only surviving prewar Jewish house of prayer in Warsaw, Poland. It was built in 1898-1902 and was restored after <e0>World War II</e0>. It is still operational and currently houses the Warsaw Jewish Commune, as well as other Jewish organizations.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/01/2023, 19:44:55</t0> Fadell has authored more than 300 patents and was named one of <e0>Time</e0>'s "100 Most Influential People in the World" in 2014. In 2016 Time named the Nest Learning Thermostat, the iPod and the iPhone as three of the “50 Most Influential Gadgets of All Time".

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/29/2023, 14:53:22</t0> Chinese traditional wedding dress, <e0>Qing dynasty</e0> style

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/21/2023, 08:05:10</t0> He was born in Middleton, Connecticut in 1793 and came to the Niagara peninsula in Upper Canada with his family around 1795, settling at St. Davids in 1812. He built a mill and general store there, partnering in business with his brother Richard, who also served as a member of the legislative assembly. He served in the local militia during the <e0>War of 1812</e0>, becoming captain in 1827. Woodruff represented the 1st and 2nd ridings of Lincoln in the 10th Parliament of Upper Canada as a Reformer.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/09/2023, 22:57:29</t0> The Westwell war memorial was erected after the <e0>First World War</e0>.[3] It incorporates a numeral from a face of the clock of the Cloth Hall, Ypres.[3] The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry had fought in the First Battle of Ypres in 1914 and the Battle of Passchendaele near Ypres in 1917.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/12/2023, 02:29:10</t0> During the <e0>War of 1812</e0>, the Detroit River served as a major barrier between the American Michigan Territory and British Upper Canada, especially during the Battle of Fort Detroit in August 1812. Detroit briefly fell to the British.[11] After the completion of the Erie Canal in 1817, which opened up easier travel to Lake Erie from the East Coast of the United States, connecting the Great Lakes to the Hudson River and the port of New York City, the Detroit River became a route for many migrating settlers traveling to northern Michigan. Detroit rapidly attracted a share of new residents. Following the Patriot War, in which British regulars and Michigan militia nearly came to armed conflict on the ice-covered Detroit River, the United States built Fort Wayne at Detroit to counter Britain's riverside Fort Malden at Amherstburg across the river.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/12/2023, 02:29:10</t0> Since the 1980s, divers have recovered a total of six 1700s-era cannons from the river. The last was found in 2011 near the Cobo Center. They are believed to have been part of the pre-<e0>War of 1812</e0> inventory kept by the British garrison in this area. Historians believe another three cannon may still be in the river. Inventory documents record a total of 17 cannons and 14 have been accounted for. It is believed that the British dragged the cannons onto the frozen river so they would sink with the spring thaw, and be kept from use by the American enemy. Another seven, larger cannons may have fallen off a barge closer to Amherstburg, Ontario, and may yet be found in the river.[18]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/25/2023, 13:40:06</t0> Due to the great number of historic bridges, arches, and gateways throughout the European continent, all the structures represented on the notes are entirely stylised illustrations of the relevant architectural styles, designed to evoke the landmarks within the European Union,[17] representing various European ages and styles.[17] For example, the 5 euro note has a generic rendition of Classical architecture,[17] the 10 euro note of Romanesque architecture,[17] the 20 euro note of Gothic architecture,[17] the 50 euro note of the Renaissance,[17] the 100 euro note of Baroque and Rococo,[17] the 200 euro note of <e0>Art Nouveau</e0>[17] and the 500 euro note of modern architecture.[17] The initial designs by Robert Kalina were of actual bridges, including the Rialto Bridge in Venice and the Pont de Neuilly in Paris, and were subsequently rendered more generic.[71] In 2011, Dutch artist Robin Stam and the town of Spijkenisse in the Netherlands built seven bridges of colored concrete after the designs on the seven euro banknotes.[72][73][74][75]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/25/2023, 13:40:06</t0> The European Central Bank publishes information on the amount of counterfeit banknotes removed from circulation every 6 months.[107] In 2009, the ECB reported the highest-ever amount of counterfeits with 860,000 removed items, a rate of 64 per million banknotes in circulation. According to an investigation of the University of Lausanne, the ratio of counterfeited banknotes was about 10 in one million real banknotes for the <e0>Swiss franc</e0>, of 100 in one million for United States dollar and of 300 in one million for pound sterling.[108]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>08/02/2023, 18:33:15</t0> Historians Estácio da Veiga and José da Encarnação have proved that settlements of Luz have existed for millennia, and that many cultures have crossed the territory.[5] At the end of the 19th century, various castros were discovered in the area of Serro Grande, that included various funerary tombs with galleries, dating to the <e0>Neolithic</e0> period.[5] In these sites there were vestiges of Neolithic implements, artefacts from the Iron Age, and as a rock axe discovered in Espiche. The existence of human artifacts and shell mounds in the area suggest human presence before organized civilization.[5]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/25/2023, 16:21:48</t0> <e0>F</e0> is the sixth letter of the Latin alphabet.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/14/2023, 08:25:33</t0> At the start of the 1910s, the Panic of 1910–1911 stifled economic growth. On July 30, 1914, as the average stood at a level of 71.42, a decision was made to close down the New York Stock Exchange, and suspend trading for a span of four and a half months. Some historians believe the exchange was closed because of a concern that markets would plunge as a result of panic over the onset of <e0>World War I</e0>. An alternative explanation is that the United States Secretary of the Treasury, William Gibbs McAdoo, closed the exchange to conserve the U.S. gold stock in order to launch the Federal Reserve System later that year, with enough gold to keep the United States on par with the gold standard. When the markets reopened on December 12, 1914, the index closed at 74.56, a gain of 4.4%. This is frequently reported as a large drop, due to using a later redefinition. Reports from the time say that the day was positive.[43] Following World War I, the United States experienced another economic downturn, the Post–World War I recession. The Dow's performance remained unchanged from the closing value of the previous decade, adding only 8.26%, from 99.05 at the beginning of 1910, to a level of 107.23 at the end of 1919.[44]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/14/2023, 08:25:33</t0> Marked by global instability and the Great Depression, the 1930s contended with several consequential European and Asian outbreaks of war, leading up to catastrophic <e0>World War II</e0> in 1939. Other conflicts during the decade which affected the stock market included the 1936–1939 Spanish Civil War, the 1935–1936 Second Italo-Abyssinian War, the Soviet-Japanese Border War of 1939, and the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937. The United States experienced the Recession of 1937–1938, which temporarily brought economic recovery to a halt. The largest one-day percentage gain in the index happened in the depths of the 1930s bear market on March 15, 1933, when the Dow gained 15.34% to close at 62.10. However, as a whole throughout the Great Depression, the Dow posted some of its worst performances, for a negative return during most of the 1930s for new and old stock market investors. For the decade, the Dow Jones average was down from 248.48 at the beginning of 1930, to a stable level of 150.24 at the end of 1939, a loss of about 40%.[48]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/27/2023, 14:13:11</t0> Prince Regent was a schooner constructed for Upper Canada's Provincial Marine for use on Lake Ontario. Built just before the beginning of the <e0>War of 1812</e0>, the vessel took part in the attack on Sackett's Harbor, New York. With the arrival of the Royal Navy in the Great Lakes under the command of Commodore James Lucas Yeo in 1813, the vessel was renamed HMS Lord Beresford or General Beresford, or Beresford. The British detachment on the lake engaged the American naval squadron and attacked American positions in the Niagara region, while supporting British armies.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>03/27/2023, 14:13:11</t0> Prince Regent was designed by the shipwright John Dennis as a standard topsail schooner for use by the Provincial Marine on the Great Lakes.[1][2] As built, the vessel was pierced for ten guns and was 72 feet 6 inches (22.1 m) long at the gun deck and 59 feet 10+1⁄2 inches (18.2 m) at the waterline. The schooner had a beam of 21 feet 2 inches (6.5 m) and a depth of hold of 7 feet 3 inches (2.2 m). Prince Regent measured 14267⁄94 tons burthen. The schooner had a maximum draught of 9 feet 4 inches (2.8 m) when fully loaded. During the <e0>War of 1812</e0>, Prince Regent carried a variety of armament. In 1812, the vessel was armed with ten 12-pounder (5.4 kg) carronades and two 6-pounder (2.7 kg) long guns. In 1813, the armament was increased to ten 18-pounder (8.2 kg) carronades and two 9-pounder (4.1 kg) long guns. The following year, the 18-pounder carronades were reduced to eight; one 24-pounder (11 kg) long gun situated on a pivot mount replaced them.[3]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/02/2023, 21:59:25</t0> On October 18, 1775, Falmouth was burned in the Revolution by the Royal Navy under command of Captain Henry Mowat.[17] Following the war, a section of Falmouth called The Neck developed as a commercial port and began to grow rapidly as a shipping center. In 1786, the citizens of Falmouth formed a separate town in Falmouth Neck and named it Portland, after the isle off the coast of Dorset, England.[1] Portland's economy was greatly stressed by the Embargo Act of 1807 (prohibition of trade with the British), which ended in 1809, and the <e0>War of 1812</e0>, which ended in 1815.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/27/2023, 15:02:26</t0> Despite industrialization, Russia was still overwhelmingly rural and backward at the start of <e0>World War I</e0>. Moscow and St. Petersburg were the only cities with any significant industry. Since most workers were fresh off the farm and totally uneducated, the main impetus of revolution came from middle-class college graduates frustrated at the inefficiency of Russian society.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/10/2023, 07:25:19</t0> The military also has a role in defining gender identities. War-movies (i.e. Rambo) associate the cultural identities of masculinity with warriors.[2] Representations of Vietnam in popular culture display the male body as a weapon of war and contribute to ideals of masculinity in American culture.[3][4] Military prowess has been crucial to understandings of contemporary masculinity in European and American culture.[5] During <e0>World War I</e0>, soldiers who experienced shell-shock were seen[by whom?] as failures of masculinity, unable to withstand war as the ultimate task of manliness.[6] The maintenance of military systems relies on ideas about men and manliness as well as ideas about women and femininity, including notions of fallen women and patriotic motherhood.[7]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/10/2023, 07:25:19</t0> Structural organization is another process of militarization. Before <e0>World War II</e0> (1939-1945), the United States experienced a post-war reduction of forces after major conflicts, reflecting American suspicion of large standing armies. After World War II, not only was the army maintained, but the National Security Act of 1947 restructured both civilian and military leadership structures, establishing the Department of Defense and the National Security Council. The Act also created permanent intelligence structures (the CIA et al.) within the United States government for the first time, reflecting the civilian government's perception of a need for previously military-based intelligence to be incorporated into the structure of the civilian state.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/21/2022, 18:50:50</t0> Daniel Clarence Holtom stated in 1928 in Japanese enthronement ceremonies; with an account of the imperial regalia that the Yasakani no Magatama is the only one of the three regalia that exists in its original form;[37] post-<e0>World War II</e0> scholarship supports the claim. Replicas of the sword and mirror were made as early as the 9th century, and the originals were entrusted to other shrines.[38]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/18/2023, 23:40:55</t0> Rising productivity and reduced transportation cost created structural deflation during the accelerated productivity era from 1870 to 1900, but there was mild inflation for about a decade before the establishment of the Federal Reserve in 1913.[14] There was inflation during <e0>World War I</e0>, but deflation returned again after the war and during the 1930s depression. Most nations abandoned the gold standard in the 1930s so that there is less reason to expect deflation, aside from the collapse of speculative asset classes, under a fiat monetary system with low productivity growth.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/18/2023, 23:40:55</t0> A structural deflation existed from the 1870s until the cycle upswing that started in 1895. The deflation was caused by the decrease in the production and distribution costs of goods. It resulted in competitive price cuts when markets were oversupplied. The mild inflation after 1895 was attributed to the increase in gold supply that had been occurring for decades.[16] There was a sharp rise in prices during World War I, but deflation returned at the war's end. By contrast, under a fiat monetary system, there was high productivity growth from the end of <e0>World War II</e0> until the 1960s, but no deflation.[17]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/18/2023, 23:40:55</t0> During <e0>World War I</e0> the British pound sterling was removed from the gold standard. The motivation for this policy change was to finance World War I; one of the results was inflation, and a rise in the gold price, along with the corresponding drop in international exchange rates for the pound. When the pound was returned to the gold standard after the war it was done on the basis of the pre-war gold price, which, since it was higher than equivalent price in gold, required prices to fall to realign with the higher target value of the pound.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/13/2023, 16:54:48</t0> The new for 1956 Rambler was arguably "the most important car American Motors ever built" in that it not only created and defined a new market segment, emphasized the virtues of compact design, but also enabled the automaker to prosper in the post-<e0>World War II</e0> marketplace that shifted from a seller's to a buyer's market.[3] The sales war between Ford and Chevrolet conducted during 1953 and 1954 had left little business for the much smaller "independent" automakers trying to compete against the standard models offered by the domestic Big Three (General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler).[4] Imported vehicles from Europe (Volkswagen in 1955, Peugeot in 1958) and Asia (Toyota in 1957) were much smaller, but found buyers in North America.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/11/2023, 04:00:11</t0> Tanaka faced Awesome for the title at November to Remember on November 7, but was defeated once more. He finally overcame Awesome on December 17, 1999, at an <e0>ECW on TNN</e0> TV Taping in Nashville, Tennessee, becoming the first ECW World Heavyweight Champion not to be an American citizen. After the match, Awesome shook Tanaka's hand and fastened the belt around his waist in a show of respect, then attacked him as he left the ring and powerbombed him through a table. Awesome would regain the title at the next weeks TV Taping in White Plains, New York, on December 23.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>04/02/2023, 22:47:29</t0> Gwenn Friss of the Cape Cod Times called it one of the hottest items of the 1999 Christmas season, comparing it to popular Christmas toys from previous years such as Furby and Tickle me Elmo.[136] Thomas Content of <e0>USA Today</e0> reiterated the comparison, commenting that it was "poised to stomp" them. He added that it, along with Red and Blue, were responsible for the boost of Game Boy sales from 3.5 million in 1998 to 8 million in 1999.[137] The Idaho Statesman called it the "hottest new title for the Game Boy Color".[138] Yellow was the third best-selling video game in North America in 1999, with the other four top spots occupied by other Pokémon titles.[139] The demand for Yellow resulted in Target to issue an apology for not being able to meet the "unprecedented demand".[140] CNET-surveyed stores sold out of Yellow.[141] A spokesperson for FuncoLand attributed a drop in sales to shortages of both the Game Boy Color and Pokémon Yellow.[142]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/06/2023, 23:45:22</t0> Malta returned to Christian rule with the <e0>Norman conquest</e0> in 1127.[6] It was, with Noto on the southern tip of Sicily, the last Arab stronghold in the region to be retaken by the resurgent Christians.[23]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/25/2023, 18:37:17</t0> Coins are the only contemporary documents remaining from the time of Themistocles.[109] Although many of the first coins of <e0>Antiquity</e0> illustrated the images of various gods or symbols, the first portraiture of actual rulers only appears in the 5th century BC. Themistocles was probably the first ruler ever to issue coinage with his personal portrait, as he became Achaemenid Governor of Magnesia in 465–459 BC.[112] Themistocles may have been in a unique position in which he could transfer the notion of individual portraiture, already current in the Greek world, and at the same time wield the dynastic power of an Achaemenid dynast who could issue his own coins and illustrate them as he wished.[113] Still, there is some doubt that his coins may have represented Zeus rather than himself.[114]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/07/2022, 10:19:07</t0> The 1st Lanarkshire Artillery Volunteers were formed in 1859 as a response to a French invasion threat. Its units fought at Gallipoli and in Palestine during <e0>World War I</e0>, and in Normandy and North West Europe during <e1>World War II</e1>. It continued in the postwar Territorial Army until 1961.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/07/2022, 10:19:07</t0> The establishment of a TA divisional artillery brigade was four 6-gun batteries, three equipped with 18-pounders and one with 4.5-inch howitzers, all of World War I patterns. However, the batteries only held four guns in peacetime. The guns and their first-line ammunition wagons were still horsedrawn and the battery staffs were mounted. Partial mechanisation was carried out from 1927, but the guns retained iron-tyred wheels until pneumatic tyres began to be introduced just before <e0>World War II</e0>.[74] In 1924 the RFA was subsumed into the Royal Artillery (RA), and the word 'Field' was inserted into the titles of its brigades and batteries.[18][72][73]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/23/2023, 17:31:44</t0> Beef noodle soup is a noodle soup dish composed of stewed beef, beef broth, vegetables and wheat noodles. It exists in various forms throughout East and Southeast Asia. It was created by the Hui people during the <e0>Qing dynasty</e0> of China.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/20/2023, 11:02:56</t0> Słupsk had its origins as a Pomeranian settlement in the early Middle Ages. In 1265, it was given town rights. By the 14th century, the town had become a centre of local administration and trade and a Hanseatic League associate. Between 1368 and 1478, it was a residence of the Dukes of Słupsk, until 1474 vassals of the Kingdom of Poland. In 1648, according to the peace treaty of Osnabrück, Słupsk became part of Brandenburg-Prussia. In 1815, it was incorporated into the newly formed Prussian Province of Pomerania. After <e0>World War II</e0>, the city again became part of Poland, as it fell within the new borders determined by the Potsdam Conference.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/26/2021, 00:00:30</t0> During American participation in <e0>World War I</e0>, the American railroad system, the primary mode of freight and passenger transportation in the era, was nationalized by an executive order by President Woodrow Wilson.[1] Operation of the railways was turned over to an institution known as the United States Railroad Administration. A period of relative labor harmony followed, marked by the establishment of the 8-hour day across the railroad industry.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/05/2023, 14:02:48</t0> The first scheduled airline service to Narvik was carried out by Norwegian Air Lines in 1935. Using a Junkers W 34, they flew a coastal route between Bergen and Tromsø, which landed in Narvik. The route continued until 1939 when it was terminated because of the break-out of <e0>World War II</e0>. The route resumed in 1946, when it was flown with a Junkers Ju 52. The water aerodrome consisted of a floating pier in the port. Widerøe started flying to Narvik in 1951, at first flying via Svolvær to Bodø. DNL's successor Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) terminated its seaplane routes the following year, leaving them to Widerøe, who operated the Noorduyn Norseman and de Havilland Canada Otter.[3]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/05/2023, 14:02:48</t0> The first scheduled airline service to Harstad and Narvik was carried out by Norwegian Air Lines (DNL) in 1935. Using a Junkers W 34, they flew a coastal route between Bergen and Tromsø, with stops in Narvik and Harstad. The route continued until 1939 when it was terminated because of the break-out of <e0>World War II</e0>. The route resumed in 1946, when it was flown with a Junkers Ju 52.[3] DNL also operated a direct service between Harstad and Narvik. Harstad's water aerodrome was located at Klubbeskjæret in the town center. For a while there were discussion of moving it to Harstadbotn, but this was not carried out. Seaplane routes were only conducted during the summer.[4] Widerøe started flying to Narvik in 1951, at first flying via Svolvær to Bodø. DNL's successor Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) terminated its seaplane routes the following year, leaving them to Widerøe, who operated the Noorduyn Norseman and de Havilland Canada Otter.[3] Patronage at Harstad was 1,143 passengers in 1946, 2,725 the following year and 8,037 in 1959. The latter year saw 6,139 passengers at Narvik.[4]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/09/2023, 16:33:26</t0> De Robeck commanded the allied naval force in the Dardanelles during the <e0>First World War</e0>. His campaign to force the straits, launched on 18 March 1915, was nearly successful, as the Turkish land-based artillery almost ran out of ammunition. However, mines laid in the straits led to the loss of three allied battleships. The subsequent ground campaign, like the naval campaign, was ultimately a failure and the ground troops had to be taken off the Gallipoli peninsula by de Robeck on the night of 8 January 1916. He went on to become Commander of the 3rd Battle Squadron of the Grand Fleet and then Commander of the 2nd Battle Squadron of the Grand Fleet.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/09/2023, 16:33:26</t0> De Robeck received command of the 9th Cruiser Squadron, with his flag in the protected cruiser HMS Amphitrite, in August 1914, just after the start of the <e0>First World War</e0>. In this position, he captured the German liners SS Schlesien and SS Graecia.[4][11]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/18/2023, 10:53:44</t0> On 3 November 2007, the Navy football team defeated long-time rival Notre Dame for the first time in 43 years: 46–44 in triple overtime. The two teams have met every year since 1926 and continue a rivalry that became amicable when Notre Dame volunteered to open its facilities for training of naval officers in <e0>World War II</e0>.[59] Notre Dame's enrollment fell to just 250 students during World War II however the Navy was credited with saving the university by using its campus to train 12,000 men to become officers.[60]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/01/2023, 16:20:29</t0> Ahn Eak-tai was born in the northern part of the Korean peninsula just before the Colonial Era, and attended a school staffed by Catholic missionaries. There he developed an interest in music as he played a trumpet in the school orchestra. He received his higher education from the Kunitachi Music School in Japan, at the University of Cincinnati, and at the Curtis Institute of Music in the United States during the Great Depression. Ahn continued his study at Vienna under Bernhard Paumgartner, and under Zoltán Kodály at the Eötvös Loránd University in Hungary. Upon a second visit to Vienna, Ahn received assistance from Richard Strauss to bring Symphonic Fantasy Korea to near completion. Beginning with a concert in Budapest, Ahn spent the next five years conducting in Europe. The escalation of <e0>World War II</e0> brought Ahn to Spain, where he met Lolita Talavera, his future wife. After their marriage in 1946, the two moved to the United States, where Ahn conducted the Philadelphia Orchestra. Then, in 1955, Ahn returned to South Korea, and conducted the Seoul Philharmonic until his death.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/09/2023, 21:25:40</t0> In 1943, during <e0>World War II</e0>, the Allies fell into the same trap Pyrrhus had retreated to avoid, in the Pomptine fields, the successor to the Pomptine marshes. The marsh remained, despite many efforts to drain it, until engineers working for Benito Mussolini finally succeeded. (Even so, the fields were infested with malarial mosquitos until the advent of DDT in the 1950s.)

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/01/2023, 15:38:39</t0> A truce in July 1921 brought hostilities to an end; the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed on 6 December. The Provisional Government was then constituted on 14 January 1922. The IRA divided between those who accepted the decision of the Dáil in ratifying the Treaty and those who did not: consequently, both civil war and re-occupation by the British became possible.[17] In February 1922, the pro-treaty IRA became the National Army of the Irish Free State.[17] With declining relations between the remaining units of the <e0>anti-treaty IRA</e0> and the newly recruited pro-treaty National Army, the Irish Civil War broke out on 28 June 1922. It ended in victory for the National Army when, on 24 May 1923, the anti-treaty IRA Chief of Staff, Frank Aiken ordered his volunteers to dump arms.[17]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/01/2023, 15:38:39</t0> The state was officially neutral during <e0>World War II</e0> but declared an official state of emergency on 2 September 1939 and the Army was mobilised. As the Emergency progressed, more and newer equipment was purchased for the rapidly expanding force from Britain and the United States as well as some manufactured at home. For the duration of the Emergency, Ireland, while formally neutral, tacitly supported the Allies in several ways.[19] Allied aircraft were allowed to access the Atlantic Ocean via the Donegal Corridor. German military personnel were interned in the Curragh along with the belligerent powers' servicemen, whereas Allied airmen and sailors who crashed in Ireland were very often repatriated, usually by secretly moving them across the border to Northern Ireland.[19] G2, the Army's intelligence section, played a vital role in the detection and arrest of German spies, such as Hermann Görtz.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/07/2023, 12:44:40</t0> Gustav Georg Friedrich Maria Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach (born Gustav von Bohlen und Halbach; 7 August 1870 – 16 January 1950) was a German foreign service official who became chairman of the board of Friedrich Krupp AG, a heavy industry conglomerate, after his marriage to Bertha Krupp, who had inherited the company. He and his son Alfried would lead the company through two world wars, producing almost everything for the German war machine from U-boats, battleships, howitzers, trains, railway guns, machine guns, cars, tanks, and much more. Krupp produced the Tiger I tank, Big Bertha and the Paris Gun, among other inventions, under Gustav. Following <e0>World War II</e0>, plans to prosecute him as a war criminal at the 1945 Nuremberg Trials were dropped because by then he was bedridden, senile, and considered medically unfit for trial. The charges against him were held in abeyance in case he were found fit for trial.[1]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/07/2023, 12:44:40</t0> By <e0>World War I</e0>, the company had a near monopoly in heavy arms manufacture in Germany. At the start of the war, the company lost access to most of its overseas markets, but this was more than offset by increased demand for weapons by Germany and her allies (Central Powers). In 1902, before Krupp's marriage, the company leased a fuse patent to Vickers Limited of the United Kingdom. Among the company's products was a 94-ton howitzer named Big Bertha, after Krupp's wife, and the Paris Gun.[5] Gustav also won the lucrative contract for Germany's U-boats, which were built at the family's shipyard in Kiel. Krupp's estate, the Villa Hügel, had a suite of rooms for Wilhelm II whenever he came to visit.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/17/2023, 02:21:44</t0> I think the current shape of the article is ok, but a little unreferenced. That older revision Philip mentioned is no better than the current one however, in terms of references. I just want to point out one more thing: it is far too early in the debate about the migration of both Celts and Anglo-Saxons to the British Isles to make start making audacious claims that they are only "myths". Clearly the culture of these two peoples have had the largest impact by far on the current indigenous peoples of the British Isles. Without Anglo-Saxon elements, there is no English culture and language. Without the Celtic elements, there is no distinct Irish, Welsh, Cornish and Scottish cultures and languages. The uncanny resemblance between Anglo-Saxon language and sepcifically Frisian language is an obvious example that at the very least, some amount migrated from that region. No other language is as similar to even modern English language than Frisian. Frisia is also part of the historical regions from where the Anglo-Saxons supposedly migrated. Whether this association is in line with the Anglo-Saxon migration or pre-dates it (as Oppenheimer claims), that is still very much in debate. The specific affinity between English and Frisian to this day (not shared with any other Germanic languages) shows, to me at least, that clearly there was some sort of migration (of unknown size) that occurred from that region, in either pre- or Sub-Roman Britain. The idea that the Anglo-Saxons could have followed the route of older North Sea migrations, Germanic or otherwise, would not be a rare instance in ancient migratory patterns. Take for example the <e0>Mesolithic</e0> and <e1>Neolithic</e1>-seafaring migrations in the Mediterannean, from east to west - these routes were follwed by subsequent groups including the original bearers of the culture of the "Iberians" (possibly the Cardium culture), Bronze-Age migratons of Indo-European speakers, the Phoenicians and then the Ancient Greeks.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>01/30/2021, 11:58:59</t0> Single-stage-to-orbit is much easier to achieve on extraterrestrial bodies that have weaker gravitational fields and lower atmospheric pressure than Earth, such as the Moon and Mars, and has been achieved from the Moon by the <e0>Apollo program</e0>'s Lunar Module, by several robotic spacecraft of the Soviet Luna program, and by China's Chang'e 5.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/05/2023, 13:59:18</t0> The Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star was the first jet fighter used operationally by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) during <e0>World War II</e0>.[1] Designed and built by Lockheed in 1943 and delivered just 143 days from the start of design, production models were flying, and two pre-production models did see very limited service in Italy just before the end of <e1>World War II</e1>. Designed with straight wings, the type saw extensive combat in Korea with the United States Air Force (USAF) as the F-80.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/01/2023, 01:55:59</t0> After <e0>World War II</e0>, Dr. Lawrence Edward L'Herisson, Sr., a native of Bossier Parish, built a 23-bed regional rural hospital in Coushatta. He subsequently relocated to Shreveport.[8] Coushatta is now served by the 25-bed Christus Coushatta Health Care Center.[9]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/13/2023, 16:59:37</t0> Although the term commonly refers to wireless data transfer mechanisms (e.g., using radio, ultrasonic, or infrared systems), it also encompasses data transferred over other media such as a telephone or computer network, optical link or other wired communications like power line carriers. Many modern telemetry systems take advantage of the low cost and ubiquity of <e0>GSM</e0> networks by using SMS to receive and transmit telemetry data.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/13/2023, 16:59:37</t0> In the 1930s use of electrical telemeters grew rapidly. The electrical strain gauge was widely used in rocket and aviation research and the radiosonde was invented for meteorological measurements. The advent of <e0>World War II</e0> gave an impetus to industrial development and henceforth many of these telemeters became commercially viable.[7]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/13/2023, 16:59:37</t0> In some countries, telemetry is used to measure the amount of electrical energy consumed. The electricity meter communicates with a concentrator, and the latter sends the information through GPRS or <e0>GSM</e0> to the energy provider's server. Telemetry is also used for the remote monitoring of substations and their equipment. For data transmission, phase line carrier systems operating on frequencies between 30 and 400 kHz are sometimes used.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/30/2023, 08:53:01</t0> Both the Old Book of Tang and New Book of Tang, covering the history of the Chinese <e0>Tang dynasty</e0> (618–907), record that a new state called Fu-lin (拂菻; i.e. Byzantine Empire) was virtually identical to the previous Daqin (大秦; i.e. Roman Empire).[49] Several Fu-lin embassies were recorded for the Tang period, starting in 643 with an alleged embassy by Constans II (transliterated as Bo duo li, 波多力, from his nickname "Kōnstantinos Pogonatos") to the court of Emperor Taizong of Tang.[49] The History of Song describes the final embassy and its arrival in 1081, apparently sent by Michael VII Doukas (transliterated as Mie li yi ling kai sa, 滅力伊靈改撒, from his name and title Michael VII Parapinakēs Caesar) to the court of Emperor Shenzong of the <e1>Song dynasty</e1> (960–1279).[49]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/21/2023, 01:27:18</t0> Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of <e0>astronomy</e0>, perhaps the oldest.[6] Over much of the past two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right.[c] Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences[3] and suggest new avenues of research in these and other academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/21/2023, 01:27:18</t0> <e0>Astronomy</e0> is one of the oldest natural sciences. Early civilizations dating before 3000 BCE, such as the Sumerians, ancient Egyptians, and the Indus Valley Civilisation, had a predictive knowledge and a basic awareness of the motions of the Sun, Moon, and stars. The stars and planets, believed to represent gods, were often worshipped. While the explanations for the observed positions of the stars were often unscientific and lacking in evidence, these early observations laid the foundation for later astronomy, as the stars were found to traverse great circles across the sky,[6] which could not explain the positions of the planets.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/07/2023, 18:01:08</t0> During <e0>World War II</e0> in the Philippines, the occupying Japanese government issued a fiat currency in several denominations; this is known as the Japanese government-issued Philippine peso (see also Japanese invasion money).[1] The Japanese government outlawed possession of guerrilla currency, and declared a monopoly on the issuance of money, so that anyone found to possess guerrilla notes could be arrested or even executed.[2]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/24/2023, 18:59:04</t0> Richard and the Shadows appeared in six feature films including a debut in the 1959 film Serious Charge but most notably in The Young Ones, Summer Holiday, Wonderful Life, and Finders Keepers. These films created their own genre, known as the "Cliff Richard musical", and led to Richard's being named the No. 1 cinema box office attraction in Britain for both 1962 and 1963, beating that of even James Bond.[29] The title song of The Young Ones became his biggest-selling single in the United Kingdom, selling over one million copies in the UK.[30] The irreverent 1980s TV sitcom <e0>The Young Ones</e0> took its name from Richard's 1962 film. In mid-1963, Cliff and the Shadows appeared for a season in Blackpool, where Richard had his portrait modelled by Victor Heyfron.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/24/2023, 18:59:04</t0> In 1986, Richard reached No. 1 by teaming up with <e0>The Young Ones</e0> to re-record his smash hit "Living Doll" for the charity Comic Relief. Along with the song, the recording contained comedy dialogue between Richard and the Young Ones. That same year Richard opened in the West End as a rock musician called upon to defend Earth in a trial set in the Andromeda Galaxy in the multi-media Dave Clark musical Time. Three Richard singles, "She's So Beautiful", which reached No. 17 in the UK, "It's in Every One of Us" and "Born To Rock 'n Roll", were released over 1985 and 1986 from the concept album recorded for Time.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/26/2023, 06:02:19</t0> Dengue has become a global problem since the <e0>Second World War</e0> and is common in more than 110 countries.[5][6] Each year between 50 and 528 million people are infected and approximately 10,000 to 20,000 die.[7][8][9][10] The earliest descriptions of an outbreak date from 1779.[6] Its viral cause and spread were understood by the early 20th century.[11] Apart from eliminating the mosquitoes, work is ongoing for medication targeted directly at the virus.[12]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>10/26/2023, 06:02:19</t0> The marked spread of dengue during and after the <e0>Second World War</e0> has been attributed to ecologic disruption. The same trends also led to the spread of different serotypes of the disease to new areas, and to the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever. This severe form of the disease was first reported in the Philippines in 1953; by the 1970s, it had become a major cause of child mortality and had emerged in the Pacific and the Americas.[6] Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome were first noted in Central and South America in 1981, as DENV-2 was contracted by people who had previously been infected with DENV-1 several years earlier.[22]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/19/2023, 04:23:11</t0> The treaty was hotly contested by Jeffersonians in each state. An effort was made to block it in the House, which ultimately failed. The Jeffersonians feared that closer economic or political ties with Great Britain would strengthen Hamilton's Federalist Party, promote aristocracy, and undercut republicanism. This debate crystallized the emerging partisan divisions and shaped the new "First Party System", with the Federalists favoring the British and the Jeffersonian republicans favoring France. The treaty was for ten years' duration. Efforts failed to agree on a replacement treaty in 1806 when Jefferson rejected the Monroe–Pinkney Treaty, as tensions escalated toward the <e0>War of 1812</e0>.[5]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/19/2023, 04:23:11</t0> Jay, a strong opponent of slavery, dropped the issue of compensation for slaves, which angered Southern slaveholders and was used as a target for attacks by Jeffersonians.[24] Jay was unsuccessful in negotiating an end to the impressment of American sailors into the Royal Navy, which later became a key issue leading to the <e0>War of 1812</e0>.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/19/2023, 04:23:11</t0> Article III states, "It is agreed, that it shall at all times be free to His Majesty's subjects, and to the citizens of the United States, and also to the Indians dwelling on either side of the said boundary line, freely to pass and repass, by land or inland navigation into the respective territories and countries of the two parties on the continent of America, (the country within the limits of the Hudson's Bay Company only excepted) ... and freely carry on trade and commerce with each other." Article III of the Jay Treaty declared the right of Indians, American citizens, and Canadian subjects to trade and travel between the United States and Canada, which was then a territory of Great Britain.[25] Some legal experts dispute whether the treaty rights were abrogated by the <e0>War of 1812</e0>.[26] Nevertheless, the United States has codified this right in the provisions of Section 289 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 and as amended in 1965. As a result of the Jay Treaty, "Native Indians born in Canada are therefore entitled to enter the United States for the purpose of employment, study, retirement, investing, and/or immigration" if they can prove that they have at least 50% blood quantum, and cannot be deported for any reason.[27][28] Article III of the Jay Treaty is the basis of most Indian claims.[29] Unlike other legal immigrants, Canadian-born Native Americans residing in the US are entitled to public benefits and domestic tuition fees on the same basis as citizens.[27]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/19/2023, 04:23:11</t0> When Thomas Jefferson became president in 1801, he did not repudiate the treaty. He kept the Federalist minister, Rufus King, in London to negotiate a successful resolution to outstanding issues regarding cash payments and boundaries. The amity broke down when the treaty expired in 1805. Jefferson rejected a renewal of the Jay Treaty in the Monroe–Pinkney Treaty of 1806 as negotiated by his diplomats and agreed to by London. Relations turned increasingly hostile as a prelude to the <e0>War of 1812</e0>. In 1815, the Treaty of Ghent superseded the Jay Treaty.[citation needed]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/18/2022, 18:06:51</t0> The Shakhty trials marked the beginning of a long series of accusations against class enemies within the Soviet Union, and were to become a hallmark of the Great Purge of the 1930s.[8] In the 1920s under the leadership of Joseph Stalin the Soviet Union began to move away from the policies of the <e0>New Economic Policy</e0> (NEP) introduced by Vladimir Lenin, introducing a series of Five-Year Plans with an emphasis on rapid industrialization.[9] By the end of the 1920s, Soviet industry suffered from a high rate of industrial accidents caused by the forceful execution of unrealistic production plans and low management skills of the politically appointed directors.[10][11][12][13][14] Stalin, however, saw this as an opportunity to clean up the management of "the old specialists", professionals whose skills were critical to the industry but were not sufficiently engaged with communism politically.[10] In his 1923-1925 speeches, he frequently expressed hostility to this group, and inspired public resentment against them, for example, based on their relatively high earnings. Accusing them of "sabotage" was a convenient way of replacing "the old specialists" with people with more appropriate political views.[13][15]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>12/04/2023, 13:06:13</t0> "Just like Bulgari is known in Rome, that's how well-known I was in Budapest", Jolie once stated. "Jolie's did so well that at holiday time they were standing outside in line waiting until somebody goes out from the inside."[29] The rise of <e0>Nazism</e0> in Germany forced her to curtail her retail business, Gabor recalled, "Everybody told, 'Jolie is crazy to go now to Berlin and Leipzig for jewelry.' I never went again."[30]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/24/2023, 07:27:23</t0> At the 1940 Democratic National Convention, Roosevelt selected his own running mate, Henry Wallace, instead of leaving the nomination to the convention, when he wanted Garner replaced.[34] He then gave Wallace major responsibilities during <e0>World War II</e0>. However, after numerous policy disputes between Wallace and other Roosevelt Administration and Democratic Party officials, he was denied re-nomination at the 1944 Democratic National Convention. Harry Truman was selected instead. During his 82-day vice presidency, Truman was never informed about any war or post-war plans, including the Manhattan Project.[35] Truman had no visible role in the Roosevelt administration outside of his congressional responsibilities and met with the president only a few times during his tenure as vice president.[36] Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945, and Truman succeeded to the presidency (the state of Roosevelt's health had also been kept from Truman). At the time he said, "I felt like the moon, the stars and all the planets fell on me."[37] Determined that no future vice president should be so uninformed upon unexpectedly becoming president, Truman made the vice president a member of the National Security Council, a participant in Cabinet meetings and a recipient of regular security briefings in 1949.[35]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>07/24/2023, 07:27:23</t0> As the framers of the Constitution anticipated that the vice president would not always be available to fulfill this responsibility, the Constitution provides that the Senate may elect a president pro tempore (or "president for a time") in order to maintain the proper ordering of the legislative process. In practice, since the early 20th century, neither the president of the Senate nor the pro tempore regularly presides; instead, the president pro tempore usually delegates the task to other Senate members.[46] Rule XIX, which governs debate, does not authorize the vice president to participate in debate, and grants only to members of the Senate (and, upon appropriate notice, former presidents of the United States) the privilege of addressing the Senate, without granting a similar privilege to the sitting vice president. Thus, <e0>Time</e0> magazine wrote in 1925, during the tenure of Vice President Charles G. Dawes, "once in four years the Vice President can make a little speech, and then he is done. For four years he then has to sit in the seat of the silent, attending to speeches ponderous or otherwise, of deliberation or humor."[47]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>09/20/2023, 00:11:08</t0> USS Swordfish (SS-193), a Sargo-class submarine, was the first submarine of the United States Navy named for the swordfish, a large fish with a long, swordlike beak and a high dorsal fin. She was the first American submarine to sink a Japanese ship during <e0>World War II</e0>.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>02/08/2023, 14:28:32</t0> Solovioff was educated at Harvard University, where he began studying <e0>astronomy</e0>, physics and math, but he eventually switched to art history. After obtaining a BA, he got an MFA from Harvard and all but completed a Ph.D. as well. He taught art history, drawing, painting and sculpture at the Fogg Museum of Art while working towards a Ph.D. He also taught at the Parsons School of Design. Solovioff served in <e1>World War II</e1> in the United States Army and later as a combat artist for the United States Marine Corps in Vietnam.

Documents Creation Time: <t0>06/11/2022, 08:24:50</t0> By the Hellenistic period, it became common for Greek states to finance the development and proliferation of ever more powerful torsion siege engines, naval ships, and standardized designs for arms and armor.[325] Under Philip II and Alexander the Great, improvements were made to siege artillery such as bolt-shooting ballistae and siege engines such as huge rolling siege towers.[326] E. W. Marsden and M. Y. Treister contend that the Macedonian rulers Antigonus I Monophthalmus and his successor Demetrius I of Macedon had the most powerful siege artillery of the Hellenistic world at the end of the 4th century BC.[327] The siege of Salamis, Cyprus, in 306 BC necessitated the building of large siege engines and drafting of craftsmen from parts of West Asia.[328] The siege tower commissioned by Demetrius I for the Macedonian <e0>Siege of Rhodes (305–304 BC)</e0> and defended by over three thousand soldiers was built at a height of nine stories.[329] It had a base of 4,300 square feet (399 square metres), eight wheels that were steered in either direction by pivots, three sides covered in iron plates to protect them from fire, and mechanically opened windows (shielded with wool-stuffed leather curtains to soften the blow of ballistae rounds) of different sizes to accommodate the firing of missiles ranging from arrows to larger bolts.[329]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/20/2023, 15:45:11</t0> Women in ancient and imperial China were restricted from participating in various realms of social life,[1] through social stipulations that they remain indoors, whilst outside business should be conducted by men.[2] The strict division of the sexes, apparent in the policy that "men plow, women weave" (Chinese: 男耕女織), partitioned male and female histories as early as the Zhou dynasty, with the Rites of Zhou (written at the end of the Warring States Period), even stipulating that women be educated specifically in "women's rites" (Chinese: 陰禮; pinyin: yīnlǐ).[3] Though limited by policies that prevented them from owning property,[4] taking examinations, or holding office,[5] their restriction to a distinctive women's world prompted the development of female-specific occupations, exclusive literary circles, whilst also investing certain women with certain types of political influence inaccessible to men. [6] Women had greater freedom during the <e0>Tang dynasty</e0>, however, the status of women declined from the <e1>Song dynasty</e1> onward, which has been blamed on the rise of neo-Confucianism, and restrictions on women became more pronounced.[7]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/20/2023, 15:45:11</t0> The <e0>Tang dynasty</e0> has been described as a golden age for women, in contrast to the Neo-Confucianism of the later <e1>Song dynasty</e1> that saw practices like foot-binding, widow suicide, and widow chastity become socially normative.[56] This image of women's freedom comes from the fact that the Tang Empire was governed by several powerful women for half a century. Wu Zetian rose from the position of Emperor Gaozong's concubine to govern the country in various roles, first as his empress consort, later as regent for his heir, before declaring herself empress regnant (Chinese: 皇帝) of a new Zhou dynasty in 690. Other major female players in politics at this time included Empress Wei and Princess Taiping.[56] Attitudes towards women could be derisive, however, as demonstrated in diplomacy between the Tang rulers with female sovereigns of other states. Emperor Taizong famously told the ambassador from Queen Seondeok of Silla that he would solve the problem of her aggressive neighbors by sending a Tang prince to rule Silla, reasoning that the kingdoms of Baekje and Goguryeo were clearly emboldened by facing a female monarch.[57]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/20/2023, 15:45:11</t0> The Tang dynasty ruling family was paternally Han Chinese and maternally Xianbei, who were a Mongolic people. Tang society followed the traditions of Northern China, which interacted closely with the nomadic peoples of Central Asia and the Eurasian Steppe. In these societies, women and men were more equal than had been permitted during the Han dynasty, with women recorded as handling legal disputes, involved in politics,[58] and participating in warfare. Princess Pingyang, a daughter of the first emperor of the Tang, was instrumental in founding the <e0>Tang dynasty</e0>, raising and commanding an army of 70,000 soldiers to assist her father's campaign.[59] In addition, women continued to occupy powerful positions in the social consciousness, appearing in tales as powerful spirits responsible for a household's fate,[60] as well as shamans, despite the fact that a secular class of physicians existed during the Tang.[61]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/20/2023, 15:45:11</t0> Jurchen women started becoming nuns of the Quanzhen sect under the Mongols.[102] Guan Daosheng, a Chinese poet and painter who was active during the early Yuan dynasty, is credited with being "the most famous female painter in Chinese history...remembered not only as a talented woman but also as a prominent figure in the history of bamboo painting."[103] Zhao Luanluan was a Chinese poet who lived during the Zhizheng reign (1341–1367), a chaotic time at the end of the Yuan dynasty.[104] She is incorrectly included in the Complete Tang Poems, a <e0>Qing dynasty</e0> anthology of <e1>Tang dynasty</e1> poems, whose compilers assumed that she was a courtesan because she composed some erotic poems.[104] Sengge Ragi of Lu, Grand Princess of the State of Lu, was notable for being a patroness of the arts, having commissioned works of art and calligraphy during her lifetime, and was a collector of artwork, most of which dated to the period of the <e2>Song dynasty</e2>.[105] In 1323, Sengge Ragi held a historic "elegant gathering", which was made unique by the fact that the event was hosted by a woman.[106] Her unique role in hosting the elegant gathering and collecting many fine pieces of art during her lifetime grant her a unique position in the cultural legacy of the Yuan dynasty.[106]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>11/20/2023, 15:45:11</t0> The social position of women during the <e0>Qing dynasty</e0> has been characterized as subject to Confucian principles of patrilocality, patrilineality, village exogamy, an agrarian economy, and divisions of labour based on gender. Women had no legal rights to property, other than in relation to their dowries, and were mainly restricted to work that could be conducted within the home, such as weaving. This was facilitated by the common practice of foot-binding, which prevented women from standing or walking. In poor families, women's feet might not be bound or, even if they were, the woman would work in the family's fields.[116] Though the Qing attempted to end the practice (Manchu women were forbidden from binding their feet), doing so among the Han Chinese proved impossible.[117] As in previous periods, women were expected to obey the Three Obediences and obey their fathers in childhood, their husbands when married, and their sons in widowhood. Women's personal names are typically unknown; they were referred to as, "the wife of [X]," or, "mother of [X]."[118] A woman's achievements during her life were closely connected to her ability to bear children; those who could not be looked down upon by their husbands, in-laws, and neighbors. If a woman did not give birth within a few years, the husband would typically take a concubine.[119] Letters written in women's script between blood sisters show that many women felt abandoned in widowhood, so remarriage was an attractive option, particularly if they had no sons or fathers (affinal or natal) to depend on within the patriarchal society.[120]

Documents Creation Time: <t0>05/14/2022, 19:11:26</t0> During <e0>World War II</e0>, he worked at the Naval Construction Battalion Center Port Hueneme naval base in Port Hueneme, California. After the war, he, Rainey and others from the Chekhov company established the High Valley Players, a touring repertory troupe that for four years performed in and around Ojai, California. Chambliss went on to become the manager of the Senior Canyon Mutual Water Company prior to resuming his theater career.