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Common Fuel Types and Uses | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_N6BfGeC1dY | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=_N6BfGeC1dY&ei=n1WUZdaOHay0p-oP7c64-AQ&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=206E7BAFF5C0886BE2A860677722D75B6C819F99.789171543E6FAB17013C2260324C7DA40A348700&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.110 --> 00:00:02.680
- [Narrator] Not all
fossil fuels are the same.
00:00:02.680 --> 00:00:05.470
And this is because different
kinds of organic material
00:00:05.470 --> 00:00:07.790
were heated and compressed
in different ways
00:00:07.790 --> 00:00:10.610
creating different kinds of fossil fuels.
00:00:10.610 --> 00:00:13.620
One of these kinds of
fossil fuels is petroleum.
00:00:13.620 --> 00:00:15.010
The word petroleum comes
00:00:15.010 --> 00:00:17.430
from the Latin word for rock, petra,
00:00:17.430 --> 00:00:20.020
and the Latin word for oil, oleum.
00:00:20.020 --> 00:00:23.150
This makes sense because it's
an oily substance that's found
00:00:23.150 --> 00:00:25.230
in reservoirs trapped in rock.
00:00:25.230 --> 00:00:28.500
Humans have been using
oil for a very long time.
00:00:28.500 --> 00:00:30.570
Early civilizations found it bubbling up
00:00:30.570 --> 00:00:32.670
from the ground at natural wells.
00:00:32.670 --> 00:00:33.930
The oil they saw coming straight
00:00:33.930 --> 00:00:37.650
out of the earth is called
crude oil or crude petroleum
00:00:37.650 --> 00:00:41.070
which means that it is
unrefined and unprocessed.
00:00:41.070 --> 00:00:43.340
Crude oil was probably
one of the ingredients
00:00:43.340 --> 00:00:46.030
in Greek fire, which was
a flame throwing weapon
00:00:46.030 --> 00:00:48.410
that the Byzantines would
fling at their enemies.
00:00:48.410 --> 00:00:51.360
Today, we refine crude
oil into many products
00:00:51.360 --> 00:00:53.970
like gasoline and diesel for vehicles,
00:00:53.970 --> 00:00:57.610
kerosene for heating, and
asphalt for road construction.
00:00:57.610 --> 00:01:00.763
It's also used to make
plastics and synthetic fabrics.
00:01:01.740 --> 00:01:04.130
Another type of fossil fuel is coal
00:01:04.130 --> 00:01:06.580
which we mostly burn to make electricity,
00:01:06.580 --> 00:01:09.880
but it can also be used
for heating and cooking.
00:01:09.880 --> 00:01:12.840
It's a solid, shiny black flammable rock
00:01:12.840 --> 00:01:15.270
which is mostly formed
from the carbon remains
00:01:15.270 --> 00:01:18.070
of fossilized plants like moss.
00:01:18.070 --> 00:01:21.010
Over thousands of years,
plant material transforms
00:01:21.010 --> 00:01:24.010
into a carbon-rich compound called peat,
00:01:24.010 --> 00:01:26.820
and then with some pressure,
it becomes soft coal
00:01:26.820 --> 00:01:28.680
which is called lignite.
00:01:28.680 --> 00:01:32.580
And then with more pressure,
it becomes bituminous coal.
00:01:32.580 --> 00:01:36.500
And then finally it becomes a
hard coal called anthracite.
00:01:36.500 --> 00:01:38.800
The longer the plant remains
are put under pressure,
00:01:38.800 --> 00:01:41.210
the more energy dense it becomes.
00:01:41.210 --> 00:01:44.450
So if you burned anthracite,
you would get a lot more energy
00:01:44.450 --> 00:01:46.240
than if you burned peat.
00:01:46.240 --> 00:01:49.740
Burning coal releases carbon
dioxide, sulfur dioxide,
00:01:49.740 --> 00:01:53.270
nitrogen oxides, and
other gases into the air
00:01:53.270 --> 00:01:56.880
so coal is one of the
dirtiest fossil fuels.
00:01:56.880 --> 00:01:59.930
The cleanest burning
fossil fuel is natural gas
00:01:59.930 --> 00:02:02.760
meaning that it emits the
least amount of carbon dioxide
00:02:02.760 --> 00:02:04.540
or other air plumes.
00:02:04.540 --> 00:02:06.300
This is not the same type of gas
00:02:06.300 --> 00:02:08.070
as we put into our vehicles.
00:02:08.070 --> 00:02:09.890
That type comes from petroleum.
00:02:09.890 --> 00:02:12.090
Instead, natural gas is mostly used
00:02:12.090 --> 00:02:14.680
for generating electricity, heating homes,
00:02:14.680 --> 00:02:16.550
and cooking food.
00:02:16.550 --> 00:02:19.170
Your oven, furnace, water heater, dryer,
00:02:19.170 --> 00:02:22.090
or grill all might run on natural gas.
00:02:22.090 --> 00:02:25.570
Natural gas is a naturally
occurring mixture of gases
00:02:25.570 --> 00:02:28.520
and it's mostly made
up of methane, ethane,
00:02:28.520 --> 00:02:30.720
propane, and butane.
00:02:30.720 --> 00:02:33.470
The gas is colorless and odorless
00:02:33.470 --> 00:02:36.170
so natural gas companies
often add a rotten egg smell
00:02:36.170 --> 00:02:39.470
to the fuel to make
leaks easier to detect.
00:02:39.470 --> 00:02:42.460
But even though we can't
see or smell natural gas,
00:02:42.460 --> 00:02:46.270
humans have been detecting it
and using it for centuries.
00:02:46.270 --> 00:02:49.100
There's evidence that
more than 2,000 years ago,
00:02:49.100 --> 00:02:51.480
people in China created bamboo pipelines
00:02:51.480 --> 00:02:53.880
to transport the gas so
that they could use it
00:02:53.880 --> 00:02:57.150
to boil salt water and
separate out the salt.
00:02:57.150 --> 00:02:59.150
And today we still use pipelines
00:02:59.150 --> 00:03:00.960
to transport gas across land,
00:03:00.960 --> 00:03:03.313
although they're no
longer made out of bamboo.
00:03:04.390 --> 00:03:06.400
Another kind of non-renewable resource
00:03:06.400 --> 00:03:08.450
is nuclear fuel.
00:03:08.450 --> 00:03:11.750
Nuclear power plants
don't burn fossil fuels,
00:03:11.750 --> 00:03:14.010
instead they split uranium
00:03:14.010 --> 00:03:16.700
through something called nuclear fission.
00:03:16.700 --> 00:03:19.050
Just one kilogram of uranium
00:03:19.050 --> 00:03:23.010
can produce 24 million
kilowatt hours of energy.
00:03:23.010 --> 00:03:25.210
Compare that with one kilogram of coal
00:03:25.210 --> 00:03:28.580
which can produce eight
kilowatt hours of energy.
00:03:28.580 --> 00:03:32.640
In other words, nuclear fission
produces a lot of energy.
00:03:32.640 --> 00:03:34.770
It also produces a lot of heat
00:03:34.770 --> 00:03:36.783
which we mostly use to make electricity.
00:03:37.750 --> 00:03:41.170
Also, nuclear energy is
known as a clean energy
00:03:41.170 --> 00:03:43.300
because the only greenhouse gas emission
00:03:43.300 --> 00:03:45.680
is water vapor which tends to cycle
00:03:45.680 --> 00:03:46.900
out of the atmosphere faster
00:03:46.900 --> 00:03:49.120
than other greenhouse gases.
00:03:49.120 --> 00:03:51.280
But the downside is the spent fuel
00:03:51.280 --> 00:03:53.740
is a dangerous radioactive waste
00:03:53.740 --> 00:03:57.623
and recycling the nuclear waste
is dangerous and expensive.
00:03:59.270 --> 00:04:02.760
Petroleum, coal, natural
gas and nuclear fuel
00:04:02.760 --> 00:04:06.250
make up 85% of the world's
energy consumption.
00:04:06.250 --> 00:04:08.840
But as our populations
and our energy needs grow,
00:04:08.840 --> 00:04:10.810
it's becoming more important to integrate
00:04:10.810 --> 00:04:13.410
renewable resources, the
sources that could be restored
00:04:13.410 --> 00:04:16.450
by natural processes, into our energy mix.
00:04:16.450 --> 00:04:18.030
Here's something to think about.
00:04:18.030 --> 00:04:21.030
What's something that you do
in your day that uses energy?
00:04:21.030 --> 00:04:23.390
Does that energy come from fossil fuels?
00:04:23.390 --> 00:04:25.950
And if so, which one?
00:04:25.950 --> 00:04:27.960
Understanding how you get your energy
00:04:27.960 --> 00:04:30.920
is part of understanding
what powers your community,
00:04:30.920 --> 00:04:33.253
your country, and the world.
|
Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Resources | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G2lQFo69_hc | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=G2lQFo69_hc&ei=n1WUZYelGobImLAPieqH2Aw&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=88FF80021986F0352DB6A004118562BB0D3C3817.C679D3C2D54A64190A783B25AA9F6DA501C3219C&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.190 --> 00:00:03.900
- [Instructor] Today, let's
talk about energy resources.
00:00:03.900 --> 00:00:06.140
You've probably already
done something today
00:00:06.140 --> 00:00:08.160
that used energy resources,
00:00:08.160 --> 00:00:10.500
even beginning from
the moment you woke up.
00:00:10.500 --> 00:00:12.330
For me, the beginning of my day
00:00:12.330 --> 00:00:14.600
always starts with making tea.
00:00:14.600 --> 00:00:17.430
I use energy in every
step of this process.
00:00:17.430 --> 00:00:20.010
My car uses oil when I
drive to the grocery store
00:00:20.010 --> 00:00:21.150
to get the tea,
00:00:21.150 --> 00:00:24.410
my stove uses natural gas
when I boil the water,
00:00:24.410 --> 00:00:27.410
and my water heater uses
coal-sourced electricity
00:00:27.410 --> 00:00:30.020
when I wash my mug in
hot water afterwards.
00:00:30.020 --> 00:00:33.060
We use energy constantly
in our daily lives.
00:00:33.060 --> 00:00:35.120
Since the first law of thermodynamics
00:00:35.120 --> 00:00:38.570
states that energy cannot
be created nor destroyed,
00:00:38.570 --> 00:00:42.560
where does it all come from
and will we have enough?
00:00:42.560 --> 00:00:44.750
When we talk about energy resources,
00:00:44.750 --> 00:00:46.960
we could split it up into two groups:
00:00:46.960 --> 00:00:50.930
renewable energy and nonrenewable energy.
00:00:50.930 --> 00:00:53.440
I can always remember what
renewable resources are
00:00:53.440 --> 00:00:55.940
because the prefix re means again
00:00:55.940 --> 00:00:59.240
and the root new refers the
origin of the energy source,
00:00:59.240 --> 00:01:01.090
so renewable energy sources
00:01:01.090 --> 00:01:03.480
are the sources that we
can use again and again
00:01:03.480 --> 00:01:06.640
and are quickly restored
by natural processes.
00:01:06.640 --> 00:01:10.270
Renewable fuel sources
include sunlight, wind,
00:01:10.270 --> 00:01:13.150
moving water, biomass
from fast-growing plants,
00:01:13.150 --> 00:01:15.880
and geothermal heat from the earth.
00:01:15.880 --> 00:01:19.220
The lifespan of renewable
resources looks like a circle.
00:01:19.220 --> 00:01:21.460
We can use them and then
we can use them again
00:01:21.460 --> 00:01:23.320
without worrying about them running out.
00:01:23.320 --> 00:01:25.900
Nonrenewable energy
sources on the other hand,
00:01:25.900 --> 00:01:28.260
are sources that exist in a fixed amount
00:01:28.260 --> 00:01:30.120
and cannot be easily replaced.
00:01:30.120 --> 00:01:33.430
These energy sources must
be extracted from the earth,
00:01:33.430 --> 00:01:38.140
and they include things like
nuclear fuel and fossil fuels,
00:01:38.140 --> 00:01:42.240
which are things like
coal, oil, and natural gas.
00:01:42.240 --> 00:01:45.130
Fossil fuels were formed
in the geologic past
00:01:45.130 --> 00:01:47.510
from the remains of ancient organisms.
00:01:47.510 --> 00:01:50.580
Plants and animals that
died millions of years ago
00:01:50.580 --> 00:01:54.410
became buried in the soil,
partially decomposed,
00:01:54.410 --> 00:01:57.153
and were exposed to a
lot of heat and pressure.
00:01:58.380 --> 00:02:01.030
This heat and pressure
chemically rearranged
00:02:01.030 --> 00:02:03.150
the energy contained within their bodies
00:02:03.150 --> 00:02:05.670
into the fossil fuels we use today.
00:02:05.670 --> 00:02:09.620
Because they take so long to
form, we have a finite amount
00:02:09.620 --> 00:02:12.710
of nonrenewable resources
in the earth right now.
00:02:12.710 --> 00:02:16.010
The lifespan for fossil
fuels is a broken loop,
00:02:16.010 --> 00:02:17.880
a one-way ticket.
00:02:17.880 --> 00:02:20.380
First, the fossil fuel is found,
00:02:20.380 --> 00:02:22.980
then it has to be extracted.
00:02:22.980 --> 00:02:24.390
Extracting fossil fuels
00:02:24.390 --> 00:02:26.650
can involve destructive mining processes
00:02:26.650 --> 00:02:29.190
that can pollute surrounding habitats.
00:02:29.190 --> 00:02:32.760
It then has to be transported
to wherever it will be used.
00:02:32.760 --> 00:02:35.940
And using fossil fuels means burning them,
00:02:35.940 --> 00:02:37.720
which releases greenhouse gases
00:02:37.720 --> 00:02:40.270
and other pollutants into the atmosphere.
00:02:40.270 --> 00:02:41.880
Also, it can take energy
00:02:41.880 --> 00:02:44.310
to refine and process
some types of fossil fuel
00:02:44.310 --> 00:02:45.910
so that they're more helpful to us,
00:02:45.910 --> 00:02:48.410
like turning crude oil into petroleum gas,
00:02:48.410 --> 00:02:50.070
diesel, and jet fuel,
00:02:50.070 --> 00:02:53.080
and burning the fossil
fuels transforms that energy
00:02:53.080 --> 00:02:57.343
into a less organized form
of energy like heat and ash.
|
Comparing rates example | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7bBZa52h-4 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=C7bBZa52h-4&ei=n1WUZdPRIvu5mLAPrJybsAg&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=07416888404B94578AA2E2AFCDB19A061714A65C.EF813CF6745F6113627ED577B4F77BC72B2939B9&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.420 --> 00:00:01.920
- [Instructor] We're told
that a conservationist
00:00:01.920 --> 00:00:04.080
has the hypothesis that when squirrels
00:00:04.080 --> 00:00:05.820
are more crowded together,
00:00:05.820 --> 00:00:08.610
they have higher rates of aggression.
00:00:08.610 --> 00:00:11.730
The table below shows
the area of three parks
00:00:11.730 --> 00:00:14.280
and the number of squirrels in each,
00:00:14.280 --> 00:00:16.290
that's given right over here.
00:00:16.290 --> 00:00:20.580
Order the parks from least
crowded to most crowded.
00:00:20.580 --> 00:00:22.170
Based on the crowdedness,
00:00:22.170 --> 00:00:24.990
in which park would the
conservationist expect to see
00:00:24.990 --> 00:00:27.540
the highest rate of aggression?
00:00:27.540 --> 00:00:30.303
So pause this video and see
if you can figure this out.
00:00:31.260 --> 00:00:34.590
All right, now let's work
through this together.
00:00:34.590 --> 00:00:37.920
So we wanna order the
parks from least crowded
00:00:37.920 --> 00:00:39.660
to most crowded.
00:00:39.660 --> 00:00:41.910
So how can we think about crowded?
00:00:41.910 --> 00:00:42.900
Well, we could think about it
00:00:42.900 --> 00:00:46.290
in terms of the number of squirrels.
00:00:46.290 --> 00:00:51.290
Squirrels per area, per hectare.
00:00:53.760 --> 00:00:56.490
And so something with a lot
of squirrels per hectare
00:00:56.490 --> 00:00:57.540
would be more crowded,
00:00:57.540 --> 00:00:59.610
and something with fewer
squirrels per hectare
00:00:59.610 --> 00:01:01.260
would be less crowded.
00:01:01.260 --> 00:01:02.820
You could also, if you wanted to,
00:01:02.820 --> 00:01:06.720
think about it in terms
of hectares per squirrel,
00:01:06.720 --> 00:01:09.330
this would also be a
legitimate way of tackling it.
00:01:09.330 --> 00:01:12.360
And of course, if you have
more hectares per squirrel,
00:01:12.360 --> 00:01:13.727
that would be less crowded.
00:01:13.727 --> 00:01:14.640
It would be the other way around.
00:01:14.640 --> 00:01:16.920
While if you had fewer
hectares per squirrel,
00:01:16.920 --> 00:01:19.050
it would be more crowded.
00:01:19.050 --> 00:01:20.460
But here, when we look at this,
00:01:20.460 --> 00:01:22.920
the numbers of squirrels
are larger than the number
00:01:22.920 --> 00:01:25.770
of hectares in every scenario.
00:01:25.770 --> 00:01:28.020
So it might be a little bit
easier to divide in this one.
00:01:28.020 --> 00:01:30.780
And this is also how my brain
tends to think about it.
00:01:30.780 --> 00:01:33.870
So let's calculate the number
of squirrels per hectare
00:01:33.870 --> 00:01:35.970
for each of these parks.
00:01:35.970 --> 00:01:39.120
So, first of all, let's
think about park A,
00:01:39.120 --> 00:01:41.460
and I will do that over here.
00:01:41.460 --> 00:01:46.050
Park A, you have 54 squirrels.
00:01:46.050 --> 00:01:51.050
I'll write squ for short,
per every eight hectares.
00:01:53.940 --> 00:01:56.100
And so this is going to be the same thing
00:01:56.100 --> 00:02:01.100
as 54 over eight squirrels per hectare.
00:02:02.610 --> 00:02:04.650
And we could try to estimate it,
00:02:04.650 --> 00:02:07.080
but it looks like they're all actually
00:02:07.080 --> 00:02:09.450
a little bit around seven
00:02:09.450 --> 00:02:10.950
if we divide the number of squirrels
00:02:10.950 --> 00:02:12.240
by the number of hectares,
00:02:12.240 --> 00:02:15.900
so we might have to get a
little bit more precise.
00:02:15.900 --> 00:02:19.590
So let's see, eight goes into
54. I will do it over here.
00:02:19.590 --> 00:02:24.590
Eight goes into 54, it goes six times,
00:02:25.650 --> 00:02:27.900
six times eight is 48.
00:02:27.900 --> 00:02:30.870
And I subtract, I get a remainder of six.
00:02:30.870 --> 00:02:33.180
And then let me put a little decimal here.
00:02:33.180 --> 00:02:35.790
And then if I bring down that zero,
00:02:35.790 --> 00:02:39.420
eight goes into 60 seven times,
00:02:39.420 --> 00:02:41.403
seven times eight is 56.
00:02:42.318 --> 00:02:43.980
And I can keep going,
00:02:43.980 --> 00:02:45.690
but let me see if this is enough precision
00:02:45.690 --> 00:02:47.220
for me to compare.
00:02:47.220 --> 00:02:49.860
So park A is approximately,
00:02:49.860 --> 00:02:52.380
I'll make this little squiggle
here for approximately,
00:02:52.380 --> 00:02:57.070
6.7 squirrels per hectare.
00:02:58.230 --> 00:03:01.110
Now let me do park B right over here.
00:03:01.110 --> 00:03:06.110
So for park B, we have 20
squirrels, squ for short,
00:03:06.330 --> 00:03:10.950
for every 2.7 hectares.
00:03:10.950 --> 00:03:12.960
Now, one thing we can
do to help simplify this
00:03:12.960 --> 00:03:14.070
so we don't have to deal with decimals
00:03:14.070 --> 00:03:16.320
is let's multiply both the numerator
00:03:16.320 --> 00:03:18.210
and the denominator by 10.
00:03:18.210 --> 00:03:21.000
Notice that's just equivalent
to multiplying by one.
00:03:21.000 --> 00:03:25.890
So this is equivalent to
saying you have 200 squirrels
00:03:25.890 --> 00:03:30.810
for every 27 hectares,
00:03:30.810 --> 00:03:34.920
or you could view it as 200
over 27 squirrels per hectare.
00:03:34.920 --> 00:03:38.107
So let's take 27 into 200,
00:03:40.170 --> 00:03:44.670
and if I were to estimate it,
let's see, 27 is close to 30.
00:03:44.670 --> 00:03:47.790
30 would go into 200 six times.
00:03:47.790 --> 00:03:48.780
Let me try that out.
00:03:48.780 --> 00:03:51.270
So it goes into 200 six times,
00:03:51.270 --> 00:03:56.070
six times seven is 42,
six times two is 12,
00:03:56.070 --> 00:03:58.770
plus four is 16.
00:03:58.770 --> 00:04:00.510
And then if I subtract,
00:04:00.510 --> 00:04:03.480
I am going to actually
get, it looks like 38.
00:04:03.480 --> 00:04:06.660
So maybe I can fit in one more 27 there.
00:04:06.660 --> 00:04:10.863
So let me do that seven.
So seven times seven is 49.
00:04:12.300 --> 00:04:17.300
49, seven times two is 14 plus four is 18.
00:04:18.390 --> 00:04:20.970
Yep, that worked out nicely.
00:04:20.970 --> 00:04:25.830
If you subtract 189 from
200, you're going to get 11.
00:04:25.830 --> 00:04:28.680
And now let me bring down a zero.
00:04:28.680 --> 00:04:33.000
So how many times does 27 go into 110?
00:04:33.000 --> 00:04:36.090
Well, it looks like it
goes three times, I think.
00:04:36.090 --> 00:04:40.260
Three times seven is 21,
three times two is six,
00:04:40.260 --> 00:04:42.720
plus two is eight.
00:04:42.720 --> 00:04:45.810
And it looks like actually
I could fit in one more.
00:04:45.810 --> 00:04:50.760
So let's see, it might
go four times. So 110.
00:04:50.760 --> 00:04:55.500
So if they go four times,
four times seven is 28,
00:04:55.500 --> 00:04:58.890
and then four times two
is eight, plus two is 10.
00:04:58.890 --> 00:05:02.490
Yeah, it went four times,
so get a remainder of two.
00:05:02.490 --> 00:05:05.760
So we could keep going, but
this is approximately 7.4.
00:05:05.760 --> 00:05:10.760
So approximately 7.4
squirrels per hectare.
00:05:11.040 --> 00:05:15.570
So we already see that park B
is more crowded than park A,
00:05:15.570 --> 00:05:18.180
but now let's check out park C.
00:05:18.180 --> 00:05:23.180
And so for park C, we have 51 squirrels
00:05:25.260 --> 00:05:30.260
for every 6.8 hectares, 6.8 hectares.
00:05:30.540 --> 00:05:32.160
So we could do the same idea.
00:05:32.160 --> 00:05:33.450
Let's multiply the numerator
00:05:33.450 --> 00:05:35.100
and the denominator by 10,
00:05:35.100 --> 00:05:38.910
which means that we have 510 squirrels
00:05:38.910 --> 00:05:43.740
for every 68 hectares.
00:05:43.740 --> 00:05:47.910
And so 68 will go into 510.
00:05:47.910 --> 00:05:50.490
I'm guessing I'm gonna have
to have some decimals here.
00:05:50.490 --> 00:05:52.140
So it's close to 70.
00:05:52.140 --> 00:05:57.140
70 would go into 510 about seven times.
00:05:57.180 --> 00:05:58.770
Let me see how that works out.
00:05:58.770 --> 00:06:03.630
Seven times eight is 56,
seven times six is 42,
00:06:03.630 --> 00:06:06.117
plus five is 47.
00:06:06.117 --> 00:06:08.460
And I think I did well there.
00:06:08.460 --> 00:06:12.150
So if I subtract here, I
could do some regrouping,
00:06:12.150 --> 00:06:13.830
or I could try to do it in my head.
00:06:13.830 --> 00:06:16.170
To go from 476 to 500,
00:06:16.170 --> 00:06:18.960
I would have to add 24 plus another 10.
00:06:18.960 --> 00:06:23.910
So I'm gonna have 34 right
over here, bring down a zero.
00:06:23.910 --> 00:06:27.547
And so if I'm thinking
roughly 70 goes into 340,
00:06:29.520 --> 00:06:31.050
let's see, will it go?
00:06:31.050 --> 00:06:32.910
It might go five times actually.
00:06:32.910 --> 00:06:33.743
Let me try that out.
00:06:33.743 --> 00:06:37.710
If I say 7.5, five times eight is 40,
00:06:37.710 --> 00:06:39.840
and then five times six is 30 plus four,
00:06:39.840 --> 00:06:42.030
it went exactly five times.
00:06:42.030 --> 00:06:47.030
So that means in park C, we're
at 7.5 squirrels per hectare.
00:06:47.880 --> 00:06:50.610
So what's the most crowded
if I wanted to order it?
00:06:50.610 --> 00:06:53.700
Well, the most crowded is park C,
00:06:53.700 --> 00:06:55.740
the second crowded is park B,
00:06:55.740 --> 00:06:57.900
and the third most crowded is park A.
00:06:57.900 --> 00:06:59.340
And so based on crowdedness,
00:06:59.340 --> 00:07:01.830
in which park would I expect
the highest rate of aggression?
00:07:01.830 --> 00:07:03.660
Well, park C, those squirrels are all,
00:07:03.660 --> 00:07:05.040
they're much closer to each other.
00:07:05.040 --> 00:07:06.780
They might be fighting
over things, who knows?
00:07:06.780 --> 00:07:08.943
But there we go. We answered the question.
|
Alienated | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y41Mj-fUN9U | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=Y41Mj-fUN9U&ei=n1WUZYnVH5afxN8PwvykiAQ&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=D51AF4936C7326EFCFD17BD03092986CE46FE961.3AC70D8061B56F5B504F426FB6F5E5C53C0125A0&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.120 --> 00:00:01.770
- [David] Hey Wordsmiths.
Just checking in.
00:00:01.770 --> 00:00:03.120
You doing okay?
00:00:03.120 --> 00:00:06.210
The word we're talking
about today is alienated,
00:00:06.210 --> 00:00:08.520
ay-lee-en-ay-ted.
00:00:08.520 --> 00:00:11.520
It's an adjective and it
means feeling excluded
00:00:11.520 --> 00:00:13.920
and apart from other people.
00:00:13.920 --> 00:00:15.060
Kind of a bummer word,
00:00:15.060 --> 00:00:17.370
but at the same time, a fascinating one.
00:00:17.370 --> 00:00:20.137
I can hear the question I
imagine some of you are asking,
00:00:20.137 --> 00:00:22.170
"David, does this have anything to do
00:00:22.170 --> 00:00:25.770
with aliens like from outer space?"
00:00:25.770 --> 00:00:29.520
And the answer is, well, kind
of. It's all the same word.
00:00:29.520 --> 00:00:32.550
Follow me Earthlings to
the derivation station.
00:00:32.550 --> 00:00:35.190
Let's talk about this word's origins.
00:00:35.190 --> 00:00:37.855
Did it come from outer space?
00:00:37.855 --> 00:00:42.270
(mysterious alien-like music)
00:00:42.270 --> 00:00:44.070
No, it comes from Latin.
00:00:44.070 --> 00:00:47.880
Alios or al in Latin
means different, other,
00:00:47.880 --> 00:00:50.580
or something that is alien is different,
00:00:50.580 --> 00:00:52.560
strange, new and foreign.
00:00:52.560 --> 00:00:55.500
An alien is someone from another country
00:00:55.500 --> 00:00:59.310
or in more modern language,
a being from another planet.
00:00:59.310 --> 00:01:02.850
And then ate, A-T-E is
a verb forming suffix.
00:01:02.850 --> 00:01:07.200
It turns nouns and
adjectives into action words.
00:01:07.200 --> 00:01:11.490
This robot is not active.
I will activate it.
00:01:11.490 --> 00:01:14.040
Someone needs to assign
a value to this artwork.
00:01:14.040 --> 00:01:19.040
I will evaluate it, right?
A very powerful suffix.
00:01:19.350 --> 00:01:21.870
So let's put this knowledge to work.
00:01:21.870 --> 00:01:23.640
What are some words you can think of
00:01:23.640 --> 00:01:25.500
that contain that al root?
00:01:25.500 --> 00:01:26.850
That root that means other.
00:01:26.850 --> 00:01:30.960
Or A-T-E, ate, the verb forming suffix.
00:01:30.960 --> 00:01:34.924
Okay, here we go. People of
earth. Ten second music break.
00:01:34.924 --> 00:01:38.424
(relaxing elevator music)
00:01:46.050 --> 00:01:48.510
Here are some words that I came up with.
00:01:48.510 --> 00:01:51.870
Altruism, which means
caring about other people,
00:01:51.870 --> 00:01:54.150
doing work for the sake of others.
00:01:54.150 --> 00:01:59.130
An alias, a word that means
an assumed name, another name,
00:02:00.300 --> 00:02:03.840
and captivate to capture
someone's imagination
00:02:03.840 --> 00:02:07.410
or attention, to fascinate, to charm.
00:02:07.410 --> 00:02:09.150
When you feel alienated,
00:02:09.150 --> 00:02:11.790
you feel like a stranger
in your own country.
00:02:11.790 --> 00:02:13.800
Like all the clocks are running backwards
00:02:13.800 --> 00:02:15.600
and the world is just wrong.
00:02:15.600 --> 00:02:18.420
I dunno why I'm trying to
explain this to you, wordsmiths.
00:02:18.420 --> 00:02:19.740
Nobody understands the feeling
00:02:19.740 --> 00:02:22.410
of alienation better than the young.
00:02:22.410 --> 00:02:25.950
Alone in a crowd is the vibe, basically.
00:02:25.950 --> 00:02:29.400
Let's use alienated in
some sentences, shall we?
00:02:29.400 --> 00:02:32.280
The intergalactic tourist felt alienated
00:02:32.280 --> 00:02:36.210
by the strange food stuffs
of this curious new planet.
00:02:36.210 --> 00:02:38.460
Oh no, the alien feels homesick and sad
00:02:38.460 --> 00:02:40.290
when they try to eat pizza.
00:02:40.290 --> 00:02:42.000
They don't know how to do it.
00:02:42.000 --> 00:02:44.190
Here's one that hits a
little bit closer to home.
00:02:44.190 --> 00:02:46.350
Noemi didn't get cast in the play
00:02:46.350 --> 00:02:49.920
and it left her feeling alienated
from her friends who did.
00:02:49.920 --> 00:02:51.450
There they are in the background,
00:02:51.450 --> 00:02:53.430
all crowded around the cast list.
00:02:53.430 --> 00:02:55.710
An awful feeling, all your
friends have something
00:02:55.710 --> 00:02:58.650
to do together after school
and you can't be a part of it
00:02:58.650 --> 00:03:00.390
because you're not in the play.
00:03:00.390 --> 00:03:05.040
I, I certainly don't know
what that's like, anyway.
00:03:05.040 --> 00:03:08.880
Another word for
alienation is estrangement,
00:03:08.880 --> 00:03:11.520
the feeling of being made strange,
00:03:11.520 --> 00:03:13.803
being made to feel far away.
00:03:14.850 --> 00:03:17.610
May you never feel that
feeling, wordsmiths.
00:03:17.610 --> 00:03:20.793
Or if you do, may you
never feel it for long.
00:03:21.780 --> 00:03:24.153
You can learn anything. David out.
|
Exclude | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r4YN1wiV6kM | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=r4YN1wiV6kM&ei=n1WUZd-oGr-dxN8PhP2tsAs&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=4A95F3BB33BA3D45817A25374154020A6534D8FE.A6B7BC0DD7F1A9FF60F5416B5937F3D1B2DB276A&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.120 --> 00:00:02.220
- [David] Hey, wordsmiths,
I would never dare
00:00:02.220 --> 00:00:03.450
leave you feeling left out,
00:00:03.450 --> 00:00:05.472
so I wanna warn you that
the word we're discussing
00:00:05.472 --> 00:00:09.873
in this video is exclude, ex-clude.
00:00:10.740 --> 00:00:13.350
It's a verb, it means to keep someone
00:00:13.350 --> 00:00:16.860
or something out, to prevent access.
00:00:16.860 --> 00:00:18.990
It can have a bad connotation
00:00:18.990 --> 00:00:21.600
or feeling like keeping
people from voting,
00:00:21.600 --> 00:00:23.670
excluding them from having a vote.
00:00:23.670 --> 00:00:25.800
And it can also have a neutral connotation
00:00:25.800 --> 00:00:27.960
or feeling, like excluding coffee
00:00:27.960 --> 00:00:29.610
from your diet or something.
00:00:29.610 --> 00:00:33.330
You'll also see it as exclusion,
which is the noun form.
00:00:33.330 --> 00:00:36.720
But for now, let's talk
about its derivation.
00:00:36.720 --> 00:00:40.320
Where does this word come
from? We got ex, we got clude.
00:00:40.320 --> 00:00:41.370
What's going on here?
00:00:42.420 --> 00:00:46.140
So we have two pieces of Latin here.
00:00:46.140 --> 00:00:49.950
Ex means out as in extend or expel.
00:00:49.950 --> 00:00:53.760
Those two words mean to
stretch out or to drive out.
00:00:53.760 --> 00:00:55.890
And then clude comes
from the Latin claudere,
00:00:55.890 --> 00:00:57.600
which means to close.
00:00:57.600 --> 00:01:01.560
You sometimes see this
root pop up as clus too.
00:01:01.560 --> 00:01:03.810
So when you are excluded from something,
00:01:03.810 --> 00:01:06.810
you've been closed out,
a door has been shut,
00:01:06.810 --> 00:01:09.150
and you're on the wrong side of it.
00:01:09.150 --> 00:01:12.840
But for now, let's open the
door to some similar words.
00:01:12.840 --> 00:01:14.460
I'll put on some music, all right?
00:01:14.460 --> 00:01:16.110
And you'll take that time to come up
00:01:16.110 --> 00:01:20.640
with a few words that also
use clude or clus or ex.
00:01:20.640 --> 00:01:22.386
Ready? Let's go.
00:01:22.386 --> 00:01:25.053
(hip hop music)
00:01:33.930 --> 00:01:35.850
Here are some I thought up.
00:01:35.850 --> 00:01:38.280
Exclusive, which means special or limited,
00:01:38.280 --> 00:01:39.810
related to exclude, right?
00:01:39.810 --> 00:01:42.930
An exclusive club is very
picky about who gets in.
00:01:42.930 --> 00:01:45.000
Some people are going to be excluded from
00:01:45.000 --> 00:01:47.100
or kept out of the club.
00:01:47.100 --> 00:01:51.060
Or an exclusive offer is
limited time only, act now.
00:01:51.060 --> 00:01:56.010
To conclude, to end something,
literally to close together,
00:01:56.010 --> 00:01:58.770
like drawing the curtains at a theater.
00:01:58.770 --> 00:02:02.640
Or secluded meaning out
of the way or private
00:02:02.640 --> 00:02:06.720
from Latin parts sed, meaning
apart and claudere, right?
00:02:06.720 --> 00:02:11.373
So literally to be closed
off, apart from everything.
00:02:12.450 --> 00:02:15.750
Let's use exclude in some sentences.
00:02:15.750 --> 00:02:18.450
Wanda didn't mean to exclude Bonnie.
00:02:18.450 --> 00:02:19.980
She really did honestly forget
00:02:19.980 --> 00:02:21.960
to invite her to the clam bake.
00:02:21.960 --> 00:02:25.290
Look at Bonnie being so
sad, dreaming of clams
00:02:25.290 --> 00:02:27.390
and potatoes and corn.
00:02:27.390 --> 00:02:29.340
Nobody's ever invited me to a clam bake,
00:02:29.340 --> 00:02:31.590
which is a New England beach party.
00:02:31.590 --> 00:02:34.290
They do what it sounds
like, they bake clams.
00:02:34.290 --> 00:02:36.510
Okay, let's try it now in the noun form
00:02:36.510 --> 00:02:39.630
and continuing the theme,
strangely enough, of corn.
00:02:39.630 --> 00:02:41.550
Nirmal loved corn on the cob
00:02:41.550 --> 00:02:44.700
to the exclusion of all other food.
00:02:44.700 --> 00:02:47.850
So that means he doesn't
eat anything but corn.
00:02:47.850 --> 00:02:51.870
He excludes other foods,
which is not great, my dudes.
00:02:51.870 --> 00:02:54.360
It's important to eat a
balanced diet, wordsmiths,
00:02:54.360 --> 00:02:56.910
a good mix of leafy greens and proteins
00:02:56.910 --> 00:03:00.750
and the USDA recommended two
to three new words a day.
00:03:00.750 --> 00:03:02.940
See, it's right here
on the MyPlate graphic.
00:03:02.940 --> 00:03:04.950
I didn't just put that there.
00:03:04.950 --> 00:03:09.180
I kid, I kid obviously,
but words are good for you.
00:03:09.180 --> 00:03:11.730
Okay, I'll see you in the next one.
00:03:11.730 --> 00:03:14.193
You can learn anything, David out.
|
Anxious | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpCZQMts7hs | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=UpCZQMts7hs&ei=n1WUZYWzGsG2hcIPsImloA4&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=34576F1F37B506F468173314B9007A8BC3CEA6F2.417BDC6828EAD6C21773A3DF3D4525EED695882E&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.330 --> 00:00:02.374
- [David] Oh boy. Oh geez, wordsmiths.
00:00:02.374 --> 00:00:05.610
I'm not feeling so hot about
this word, I tell you what.
00:00:05.610 --> 00:00:10.200
The word is "anxious". Anxious.
00:00:10.200 --> 00:00:13.320
Or if you prefer anx-ious.
00:00:13.320 --> 00:00:16.560
It's an adjective that means very worried.
00:00:16.560 --> 00:00:19.803
You might see in its noun form, anxiety,
00:00:20.640 --> 00:00:24.090
which is the state of being very worried.
00:00:24.090 --> 00:00:26.490
If you trace this word
back to its origins,
00:00:26.490 --> 00:00:30.060
you get the Latin word
"anguere" which means
00:00:30.060 --> 00:00:32.310
to choke or to squeeze.
00:00:32.310 --> 00:00:35.400
When I feel anxious,
sometimes my throat gets tight
00:00:35.400 --> 00:00:38.220
and my heart hammers in my
chests and listen, wordsmith.
00:00:38.220 --> 00:00:39.180
It's a bad time.
00:00:39.180 --> 00:00:43.680
And that o-u-s part, ous, is
an adjective forming suffix.
00:00:43.680 --> 00:00:45.360
It means full of, right?
00:00:45.360 --> 00:00:47.490
So being anxious is being full
00:00:47.490 --> 00:00:50.460
of that choking, squeezed feeling.
00:00:50.460 --> 00:00:53.301
So a real fun one this time, huh?
00:00:53.301 --> 00:00:55.890
Let's all take a deep breath.
00:00:55.890 --> 00:00:58.440
Think of a calming centered place
00:00:58.440 --> 00:01:01.110
and come up with some related
words, some similar words
00:01:01.110 --> 00:01:05.880
that sound like anguere or
o-u-s, that end in o-u-s.
00:01:05.880 --> 00:01:10.880
I'll put on some calming
music. 10 seconds, here we go.
00:01:11.087 --> 00:01:13.754
(calming music)
00:01:22.800 --> 00:01:27.000
Here are three that I came
up with. We've got anguish.
00:01:27.000 --> 00:01:29.010
It shares the same root as anxious.
00:01:29.010 --> 00:01:30.090
That anguere word
00:01:30.090 --> 00:01:34.500
and it means misery, torment,
very deep unhappiness
00:01:34.500 --> 00:01:37.290
as if you were being choked or squeezed.
00:01:37.290 --> 00:01:38.790
Agony. Ugh.
00:01:38.790 --> 00:01:40.980
Okay, next word. Anger.
00:01:40.980 --> 00:01:42.150
This is an interesting one,
00:01:42.150 --> 00:01:44.250
'cause anger looks a lot like anguere,
00:01:44.250 --> 00:01:49.250
but actually traces back to old
Viking languages, not Latin.
00:01:49.290 --> 00:01:51.840
But it comes from an
even older shared root,
00:01:51.840 --> 00:01:55.380
a common ancestor of Latin
and the Viking languages.
00:01:55.380 --> 00:01:59.340
So it has the same meaning
of squeezed or painful,
00:01:59.340 --> 00:02:03.420
and from there we get anger,
hostility, feeling constricted
00:02:03.420 --> 00:02:06.720
and squeezed, and finally furious.
00:02:06.720 --> 00:02:10.920
Using that o-u-s ending,
it means full of fury,
00:02:10.920 --> 00:02:12.393
full of anger.
00:02:14.220 --> 00:02:17.100
I promise I'm having a very
normal day, wordsmiths.
00:02:17.100 --> 00:02:18.810
There's just something
about this derivation
00:02:18.810 --> 00:02:21.570
that puts me on edge.
00:02:21.570 --> 00:02:24.870
Okay, let's use anxious
in a sentence or two.
00:02:24.870 --> 00:02:26.910
At first, Bettina felt anxious
00:02:26.910 --> 00:02:28.950
about hiking Needleteeth Gorge,
00:02:28.950 --> 00:02:31.080
but felt reassured when she remembered
00:02:31.080 --> 00:02:34.375
that her Aunt Isabella was
a trained wilderness guide.
00:02:34.375 --> 00:02:36.960
Needleteeth Gorge does
not sound like a fun
00:02:36.960 --> 00:02:39.390
or safe place to go for a hike.
00:02:39.390 --> 00:02:42.240
To me, Bettina's worries
are understandable.
00:02:42.240 --> 00:02:44.850
Let's try another one using the noun form
00:02:44.850 --> 00:02:47.218
of the word anxiety.
00:02:47.218 --> 00:02:49.260
"Based on what you told me,
00:02:49.260 --> 00:02:52.620
it seems like potatoes are
the cause of your anxiety,"
00:02:52.620 --> 00:02:53.853
Dr. Gomez said.
00:02:54.780 --> 00:02:56.040
Sometimes it helps to talk
00:02:56.040 --> 00:03:00.030
to someone about your
feelings, potato related or no.
00:03:00.030 --> 00:03:01.643
Deep breaths, wordsmiths.
00:03:01.643 --> 00:03:05.250
You can do this, you
can conquer your anxiety
00:03:05.250 --> 00:03:07.383
and you can learn anything.
00:03:08.640 --> 00:03:09.473
David out.
|
Recognition | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zdkeZ_UDXY | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=6zdkeZ_UDXY&ei=n1WUZc6VIN24p-oP7Jyr2AY&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=3FC30EBBF1885668C3FEF5E552725E481E2E5307.5D93FBD33B662E15D13550C2B1648CCB8BAD13A7&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.270 --> 00:00:02.130
- [David] I see you wordsmiths.
00:00:02.130 --> 00:00:04.650
Which is good because the
word I'm talking about
00:00:04.650 --> 00:00:07.140
in this video is "recognition".
00:00:07.140 --> 00:00:11.370
Re-cog-ni-tion. It's a noun.
00:00:11.370 --> 00:00:14.580
It means the act of
acknowledging, being aware
00:00:14.580 --> 00:00:16.350
of or noticing something.
00:00:16.350 --> 00:00:18.540
Follow me over to The
Etymology Zone, trademark,
00:00:18.540 --> 00:00:21.240
where I am going to break this word down.
00:00:21.240 --> 00:00:24.660
This word comes from Latin,
"re" means back, again,
00:00:24.660 --> 00:00:26.677
or against, as in review.
00:00:26.677 --> 00:00:30.150
"Cognoscere" means to
know, to be familiar with,
00:00:30.150 --> 00:00:33.570
and i-o-n is a noun forming suffix.
00:00:33.570 --> 00:00:35.470
It's what makes this word into a noun.
00:00:36.570 --> 00:00:40.290
So what we're looking at here
is a word that means the act
00:00:40.290 --> 00:00:43.293
of knowing something again, right?
00:00:43.293 --> 00:00:48.293
So this is the noun form
of knowing something again.
00:00:48.450 --> 00:00:51.300
You recognize a person when
you've met them before,
00:00:51.300 --> 00:00:54.360
you recognize a song because
you've already heard it.
00:00:54.360 --> 00:00:59.010
So let's come up with some
words that use these word parts.
00:00:59.010 --> 00:01:03.480
Re-cogno, that i-o-n ending, if you want.
00:01:03.480 --> 00:01:05.190
I'll give you 10 seconds to come up
00:01:05.190 --> 00:01:07.440
with some words to knock some together.
00:01:07.440 --> 00:01:09.183
Okay, here we go.
00:01:09.183 --> 00:01:11.766
(upbeat music)
00:01:20.532 --> 00:01:22.200
Here are some that I came up with.
00:01:22.200 --> 00:01:25.018
Incognito, which means disguised, right?
00:01:25.018 --> 00:01:29.160
Incognito means literally not knowable.
00:01:29.160 --> 00:01:31.650
If I'm going incognito, maybe
I'm wearing a fake nose.
00:01:31.650 --> 00:01:34.110
A fake mustache, right?
00:01:34.110 --> 00:01:36.810
Reconnaissance. This
word comes from French.
00:01:36.810 --> 00:01:39.870
It basically means spying.
It's a military term.
00:01:39.870 --> 00:01:42.660
You're surveying, you're
getting to know a territory
00:01:42.660 --> 00:01:46.740
before you decide how or
whether to commit troops there.
00:01:46.740 --> 00:01:48.510
Same etymology as recognized,
00:01:48.510 --> 00:01:51.960
but it took a different
language path to get to English.
00:01:51.960 --> 00:01:54.810
And the verb to ignore, to choose
00:01:54.810 --> 00:01:57.420
to not know about something,
to not pay attention to it.
00:01:57.420 --> 00:02:01.440
Same negating prefix as incognito, right?
00:02:01.440 --> 00:02:03.720
The in or the ih part here means not
00:02:03.720 --> 00:02:07.560
and the gnore, the g-n-o-r-e
part means knowing.
00:02:07.560 --> 00:02:10.080
So not knowing, ignore.
00:02:10.080 --> 00:02:12.450
So you might ignore the spy
00:02:12.450 --> 00:02:15.930
who is incognito
performing reconnaissance.
00:02:15.930 --> 00:02:19.590
All right, let's use
recognition in some sentences.
00:02:19.590 --> 00:02:21.270
Even at a distance, Sherman
00:02:21.270 --> 00:02:23.820
recognized the familiar three-step gait
00:02:23.820 --> 00:02:25.890
of his old friend Pizzabot.
00:02:25.890 --> 00:02:30.150
Right, he could tell, he could
identify it from a distance.
00:02:30.150 --> 00:02:32.130
You can also use recognition to mean
00:02:32.130 --> 00:02:34.380
that someone is being
appreciated for something
00:02:34.380 --> 00:02:35.730
that they've done.
00:02:35.730 --> 00:02:39.000
In recognition of her service
to the city's garden club,
00:02:39.000 --> 00:02:42.160
Christina got a ceremonial
key to the city.
00:02:42.160 --> 00:02:44.647
So here it is not that
someone is literally saying,
00:02:44.647 --> 00:02:46.620
"Hey, is that Christina? I know her."
00:02:46.620 --> 00:02:50.010
It's more like the city is acknowledging
00:02:50.010 --> 00:02:52.170
and appreciating her work.
00:02:52.170 --> 00:02:54.840
It's the effort that she's
put in that they're officially
00:02:54.840 --> 00:02:59.370
noticing by giving her a
giant unwieldy novelty key.
00:02:59.370 --> 00:03:01.890
You too can hold the giant novelty key
00:03:01.890 --> 00:03:03.210
to knowledge, wordsmiths,
00:03:03.210 --> 00:03:05.493
if you hold fast to this truth.
00:03:06.510 --> 00:03:09.363
You can learn anything. David, out.
|
Advantage | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdD_tNeTEZ0 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=TdD_tNeTEZ0&ei=n1WUZd-jIJ6ip-oPiIu62A0&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=0767E4E56D93EE5CAFB7BDF5A3AB17F868174C3E.7F7281E8AEB8BAE929C7F551A5081C5FF25E14FD&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.150 --> 00:00:01.890
- [David] I have the
high ground, wordsmiths
00:00:01.890 --> 00:00:04.410
because we're talking
about the word "advantage"
00:00:04.410 --> 00:00:07.530
in this video, ad-van-tage.
00:00:07.530 --> 00:00:08.820
A noun.
00:00:08.820 --> 00:00:12.450
It means a better position,
something that helps.
00:00:12.450 --> 00:00:13.830
If we're running a foot race
00:00:13.830 --> 00:00:16.050
and I get a three minute
headstart over you,
00:00:16.050 --> 00:00:17.730
that's a definite advantage.
00:00:17.730 --> 00:00:19.950
I got to start before you did.
00:00:19.950 --> 00:00:21.750
And indeed, that's what the derivation
00:00:21.750 --> 00:00:23.887
of this word gives us.
00:00:23.887 --> 00:00:26.400
"Avantage" can literally be translated
00:00:26.400 --> 00:00:29.220
from French as beforeness.
00:00:29.220 --> 00:00:32.220
So "Avant" means before in French,
00:00:32.220 --> 00:00:34.260
both before in time
and in before in space.
00:00:34.260 --> 00:00:37.350
So it can mean both earlier and front of.
00:00:37.350 --> 00:00:41.220
Ag, in English pronounced
ig, right, this a-g-e
00:00:41.220 --> 00:00:45.402
is a noun forming suffix
that also comes from French.
00:00:45.402 --> 00:00:46.410
It works like this.
00:00:46.410 --> 00:00:48.390
You pack stuff into a package,
00:00:48.390 --> 00:00:50.640
you store things in storage.
00:00:50.640 --> 00:00:54.141
Leaky things are prone to
leakage. You get the picture.
00:00:54.141 --> 00:00:57.960
So thinking about avant or advant,
00:00:57.960 --> 00:00:59.310
right, with the "d" in there,
00:00:59.310 --> 00:01:02.610
and a-g-e as a noun forming suffix,
00:01:02.610 --> 00:01:05.013
what similar words can you think of?
00:01:05.940 --> 00:01:09.321
I'll give you 10 seconds.
Here we go, music break.
00:01:09.321 --> 00:01:11.904
(upbeat music)
00:01:20.100 --> 00:01:23.400
Here are three that I came
up with. Disadvantage, right?
00:01:23.400 --> 00:01:25.050
The opposite of advantage.
00:01:25.050 --> 00:01:27.240
This is when something is
making things harder for you,
00:01:27.240 --> 00:01:28.950
like your opponent in a foot race,
00:01:28.950 --> 00:01:32.010
getting a three minute
headstart, for example.
00:01:32.010 --> 00:01:33.510
Advance is a verb.
00:01:33.510 --> 00:01:37.440
It means to go forward
or to go onward or up.
00:01:37.440 --> 00:01:39.720
And vantage, this noun is usually part
00:01:39.720 --> 00:01:42.150
of the phrase "vantage point".
00:01:42.150 --> 00:01:45.030
It means a good spot, to view things from.
00:01:45.030 --> 00:01:48.270
The top of a hill is a great
vantage point from which
00:01:48.270 --> 00:01:51.540
to watch a fireworks display, for example.
00:01:51.540 --> 00:01:54.303
All right, let's use
advantage in a few sentences.
00:01:55.320 --> 00:01:58.800
Elias P Beanpole, the
tallest boy in 6th grade
00:01:58.800 --> 00:02:02.040
had a distinct advantage
on the basketball court.
00:02:02.040 --> 00:02:04.800
He was like 20 feet tall. He
could dunk from half court.
00:02:04.800 --> 00:02:08.910
That was his advantage. That's
his superior position, right?
00:02:08.910 --> 00:02:11.130
But he did keep bonking
his head on the ceiling,
00:02:11.130 --> 00:02:13.800
which I would say is a
distinct disadvantage
00:02:13.800 --> 00:02:15.067
to being that tall.
00:02:15.067 --> 00:02:18.060
"Listen, just because my mom
runs a candy shop doesn't
00:02:18.060 --> 00:02:20.880
mean you could take
advantage of our friendship."
00:02:20.880 --> 00:02:22.830
To take advantage of an opportunity is
00:02:22.830 --> 00:02:24.900
to get some benefit from it,
00:02:24.900 --> 00:02:26.580
but not always in a fair way.
00:02:26.580 --> 00:02:28.050
To take advantage of a friendship
00:02:28.050 --> 00:02:29.017
is to say something like,
00:02:29.017 --> 00:02:31.620
"Hey, your mom has that candy shop.
00:02:31.620 --> 00:02:34.440
How do you feel about
hooking up your friend David
00:02:34.440 --> 00:02:36.210
with some free candy, hmm?"
00:02:36.210 --> 00:02:37.320
You do that enough times
00:02:37.320 --> 00:02:38.520
and you're probably going
00:02:38.520 --> 00:02:41.373
to exhaust your friend
and your friendship.
00:02:42.330 --> 00:02:45.030
Taking advantage doesn't have
to have a negative connotation
00:02:45.030 --> 00:02:48.000
or feeling, though, you could
take advantage of a windy day
00:02:48.000 --> 00:02:50.970
and fly a kite or take
advantage of a rainy day
00:02:50.970 --> 00:02:53.070
and play a board game, that kind of thing.
00:02:53.906 --> 00:02:58.350
I hope you take advantage of
these videos, dear wordsmiths,
00:02:58.350 --> 00:03:00.843
and realize that you can learn anything.
00:03:01.800 --> 00:03:02.633
David out.
|
Strategic | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UF65aetSs8 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=6UF65aetSs8&ei=n1WUZYWoGsuJp-oP_oO6IA&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=391D13EEC10BFD0A8DE5A1BCBC977776A201880E.1CA29B151447C0C6C871847476B4CB3A4A8FD5E0&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.240 --> 00:00:03.203
- [Narrator] I love it
when a plan comes together,
00:00:03.203 --> 00:00:04.470
wordsmiths, because the word I'm featuring
00:00:04.470 --> 00:00:06.477
in this video is strategic.
00:00:08.675 --> 00:00:09.508
Strategic.
00:00:10.380 --> 00:00:13.110
It's an adjective and it
means related to a plan.
00:00:13.110 --> 00:00:16.080
It's the adjective form of
strategy, which is a way
00:00:16.080 --> 00:00:19.290
of thinking about making
effective and successful plans
00:00:19.290 --> 00:00:20.730
or the plan itself.
00:00:20.730 --> 00:00:22.650
Strategic comes from Greek,
00:00:22.650 --> 00:00:24.900
the word strategos means general,
00:00:24.900 --> 00:00:27.270
as in the commander of an army.
00:00:27.270 --> 00:00:29.670
Being strategic means you're
thinking like a general
00:00:29.670 --> 00:00:32.550
commanding troops, like you're
trying to play five games
00:00:32.550 --> 00:00:34.620
of chess at once.
00:00:34.620 --> 00:00:38.730
The ic part, the I-C part is
an adjective forming suffix,
00:00:38.730 --> 00:00:42.360
so it turns nouns into
modifiers, into adjectives.
00:00:42.360 --> 00:00:45.423
So strategic means like a general.
00:00:46.800 --> 00:00:49.380
What do you see from these word parts?
00:00:49.380 --> 00:00:52.620
What do you see in strateg and ic?
00:00:52.620 --> 00:00:55.650
I'll give you 10 seconds to
come up with similar words.
00:00:55.650 --> 00:00:57.513
Throw in a little music, here we go.
00:00:58.574 --> 00:01:01.157
(upbeat music)
00:01:08.250 --> 00:01:09.390
Here's what I came up with.
00:01:09.390 --> 00:01:12.030
There's stratagem, which is like a trick
00:01:12.030 --> 00:01:14.280
or a cutting little
plan that you pull off.
00:01:14.280 --> 00:01:16.920
In other words, a maneuver.
00:01:16.920 --> 00:01:20.280
Cosmic, which means it has to
do with outer space, right?
00:01:20.280 --> 00:01:23.400
It's the the word cosmos plus ic,
00:01:23.400 --> 00:01:25.710
the adjective forming suffix.
00:01:25.710 --> 00:01:27.690
Cosmos is outer space.
00:01:27.690 --> 00:01:31.500
Strategize, which is the verb
form of strategic or strategy.
00:01:31.500 --> 00:01:34.563
It means to make plans, to
come up with a strategy.
00:01:35.802 --> 00:01:37.740
Okay, troops, follow me
over to the next screen
00:01:37.740 --> 00:01:42.360
where we'll use strategic
in a few sentences, hoo-ah.
00:01:42.360 --> 00:01:45.000
If you're strategic with your
chocolate chip placement,
00:01:45.000 --> 00:01:47.670
you can use cookies to spell words.
00:01:47.670 --> 00:01:50.460
This one appears to say Khan.
00:01:50.460 --> 00:01:52.740
If you're clever about
it, if you've thought
00:01:52.740 --> 00:01:56.460
through the plan and its
implications, if you're strategic,
00:01:56.460 --> 00:02:00.150
you can create cookie
mischief, which is probably one
00:02:00.150 --> 00:02:02.820
of the 10 best kinds of mischief.
00:02:02.820 --> 00:02:06.123
Okay, let's try it as
a noun now as strategy.
00:02:07.080 --> 00:02:10.560
After three straight days of
failure, the scientists decided
00:02:10.560 --> 00:02:13.080
to attempt a new strategy.
00:02:13.080 --> 00:02:15.210
What was that strategy? I don't know.
00:02:15.210 --> 00:02:16.740
I didn't read the lab notes
00:02:16.740 --> 00:02:18.720
and it kind of appears as
if those lab notes have
00:02:18.720 --> 00:02:22.920
gone into the trash. But
here's what I do know.
00:02:22.920 --> 00:02:26.077
You can learn anything,
wordsmiths, David out.
|
Effective | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIHVc8Y0I3s | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=NIHVc8Y0I3s&ei=n1WUZfewIOSOvdIP9OOBEA&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=DF4B46CB99CD316D2160CE8DAB3573F2E885E7AE.A9954063B95FC91260074DD78BFADA400F013EAC&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.870 --> 00:00:02.580
- [David] This one's
gonna work like a charm,
00:00:02.580 --> 00:00:04.530
wordsmiths, because the
word we're featuring
00:00:04.530 --> 00:00:07.245
in this video is effective.
00:00:07.245 --> 00:00:11.280
Effective, it's an adjective
meaning successful,
00:00:11.280 --> 00:00:12.690
good at something.
00:00:12.690 --> 00:00:16.170
The etymology, the derivation
of this word helps explain it,
00:00:16.170 --> 00:00:17.003
I think.
00:00:17.003 --> 00:00:18.660
Three Latin parts.
00:00:18.660 --> 00:00:23.660
First one, "ef" is a modified
form of ex, meaning out.
00:00:24.540 --> 00:00:27.750
The second one, "fect," or fact,
00:00:27.750 --> 00:00:32.280
comes from a Latin verb
that means to make, right?
00:00:32.280 --> 00:00:35.280
And just those two on their
own give us effect, right?
00:00:35.280 --> 00:00:38.790
An effect is an outcome, a
thing that you made happen,
00:00:38.790 --> 00:00:41.250
what comes out of a process.
00:00:41.250 --> 00:00:43.789
I hit a watermelon with a baseball bat.
00:00:43.789 --> 00:00:44.622
(melon splatting)
00:00:44.622 --> 00:00:47.040
That's a sound effect, right?
00:00:47.040 --> 00:00:50.010
Oh, okay, and finally, I-V-E, "ive,"
00:00:50.010 --> 00:00:52.560
an adjective forming suffix.
00:00:52.560 --> 00:00:54.990
It has a meaning of tending to.
00:00:54.990 --> 00:00:57.090
Something that is effective tends to,
00:00:57.090 --> 00:00:59.970
or has the quality of
making things happen,
00:00:59.970 --> 00:01:03.420
of making outcomes easily, powerfully.
00:01:03.420 --> 00:01:06.720
All right, let's look for
similar related words.
00:01:06.720 --> 00:01:08.760
Think of some words that have that E-F-F,
00:01:08.760 --> 00:01:12.420
that eff beginning, or
fect or fact in them,
00:01:12.420 --> 00:01:14.733
or end in I-V-E, end in ive.
00:01:16.050 --> 00:01:18.330
I'll put on some music. 10 seconds.
00:01:18.330 --> 00:01:19.534
Here we go.
00:01:19.534 --> 00:01:22.117
(upbeat music)
00:01:30.270 --> 00:01:32.430
So here are three that I came up with.
00:01:32.430 --> 00:01:36.150
Effusive, this is an
adjective meaning pouring out,
00:01:36.150 --> 00:01:40.200
like you might shower
someone with effusive praise.
00:01:40.200 --> 00:01:42.210
It has that eff prefix, right?
00:01:42.210 --> 00:01:45.540
The modified form of ex, meaning out.
00:01:45.540 --> 00:01:49.410
Then confection, this word
means candy or sweets,
00:01:49.410 --> 00:01:50.940
though it literally means a thing
00:01:50.940 --> 00:01:52.650
that is made together, right?
00:01:52.650 --> 00:01:57.650
Confection, a mixed thing,
a combination of sweets.
00:01:57.690 --> 00:02:00.390
And a third related word is factory,
00:02:00.390 --> 00:02:02.640
a place where things are made,
00:02:02.640 --> 00:02:06.390
a shoe factory, a chocolate
factory, a car factory.
00:02:06.390 --> 00:02:10.470
That ory ending, O-R-Y,
is a noun-forming suffix
00:02:10.470 --> 00:02:15.470
that means a place for, like
laboratory or observatory.
00:02:15.750 --> 00:02:18.840
Let's use the word effective
in a sentence or two.
00:02:18.840 --> 00:02:22.290
Marisa realized how effective
her marketing campaign
00:02:22.290 --> 00:02:25.980
had been when she saw the line
stretching around the block.
00:02:25.980 --> 00:02:29.010
It worked extremely well,
the marketing campaign did,
00:02:29.010 --> 00:02:31.380
and now everyone wants to buy her donuts.
00:02:31.380 --> 00:02:34.473
Donuts, the universal food.
Let me show you another one.
00:02:35.400 --> 00:02:36.960
The article that Devon wrote
00:02:36.960 --> 00:02:40.680
about IckyCorp's scummy labor
practices was so effective
00:02:40.680 --> 00:02:42.483
that it put them out of business.
00:02:43.530 --> 00:02:45.090
Nobody wanted to work with them anymore,
00:02:45.090 --> 00:02:48.120
these weird business blobs
00:02:48.120 --> 00:02:50.223
that leave a trail of goo.
00:02:51.300 --> 00:02:53.220
I wonder what they made at IckyCorp.
00:02:53.220 --> 00:02:55.773
Actually, no, no, I do not wanna know.
00:02:57.240 --> 00:02:58.680
But here's what I do wanna know.
00:02:58.680 --> 00:03:03.513
I want you to know that you
can learn anything. David out.
|
Interwoven | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nv5eDkkca9A | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=nv5eDkkca9A&ei=n1WUZbKbH4vXxwL92KCAAw&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=8B95F816D2F85D14933FF7EF540CB63D92787D77.79769D2EC68548426ACC1F08E7EAD56C71D64EC7&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.930 --> 00:00:03.240
- [David] I've got a
twisted tale to tell you
00:00:03.240 --> 00:00:05.610
in this video, Wordsmiths,
because the word I want
00:00:05.610 --> 00:00:09.133
to talk about is interwoven, interwoven.
00:00:11.520 --> 00:00:15.990
It's an adjective and it means
twisted or joined together
00:00:15.990 --> 00:00:19.800
and it has a literal meaning
like two fibers woven
00:00:19.800 --> 00:00:22.650
into the same carpet, but it
also has a figurative one,
00:00:22.650 --> 00:00:25.320
like the strands of two
families joining together
00:00:25.320 --> 00:00:26.920
when their children get married.
00:00:27.780 --> 00:00:30.930
Let's talk about the word parts here.
00:00:30.930 --> 00:00:35.073
We've got inter, which
means between or among,
00:00:36.000 --> 00:00:37.770
and interaction, right?
00:00:37.770 --> 00:00:40.320
Is action between two or more things,
00:00:40.320 --> 00:00:42.750
and intercom is a device that allows you
00:00:42.750 --> 00:00:46.140
to communicate within
a building or similar,
00:00:46.140 --> 00:00:49.200
and woven is the past
tense form of to weave.
00:00:49.200 --> 00:00:52.740
Weaving is when you make
fabric out of threads by inter,
00:00:52.740 --> 00:00:57.330
huh, inter, interlacing them
on a machine called the loom.
00:00:57.330 --> 00:00:59.460
I was just in a fabric workshop,
here's a picture I took
00:00:59.460 --> 00:01:01.050
of a loom from the other day.
00:01:01.050 --> 00:01:04.200
The threads are under tension
and you plate them together
00:01:04.200 --> 00:01:07.920
and if you do that enough times,
you have a piece of fabric.
00:01:07.920 --> 00:01:11.490
A weave in the noun
form is a hair extension
00:01:11.490 --> 00:01:15.390
or it can be the pattern that
you make by weaving something.
00:01:15.390 --> 00:01:18.900
Let's weave these word
parts into other words.
00:01:18.900 --> 00:01:21.120
Leaving weave aside for
now, what are some words
00:01:21.120 --> 00:01:24.750
that you can think of
that use the prefix inter?
00:01:24.750 --> 00:01:28.440
I'll put on some music, meet
me back here in 10 seconds.
00:01:28.440 --> 00:01:31.693
All right, let's do it.
(upbeat music)
00:01:40.470 --> 00:01:42.750
Here are three that I came up with.
00:01:42.750 --> 00:01:46.260
Interrelated, an adjective that
means two things are related
00:01:46.260 --> 00:01:47.160
to one another, right?
00:01:47.160 --> 00:01:49.410
There's a connection between them.
00:01:49.410 --> 00:01:53.190
An intersection, a crossroads
where two roads cut
00:01:53.190 --> 00:01:55.650
into each other, that's what sect means,
00:01:55.650 --> 00:01:59.910
it's from secare, to cut, so intersection.
00:01:59.910 --> 00:02:02.040
Intercept, which is a verb that means
00:02:02.040 --> 00:02:04.290
to catch something on its
way to somewhere else.
00:02:04.290 --> 00:02:06.990
You can intercept a ball
and snatch it out of the air
00:02:06.990 --> 00:02:09.930
while it's passing between two places
00:02:09.930 --> 00:02:13.440
or a spy can intercept a secret message.
00:02:13.440 --> 00:02:15.150
Oh no, that spy has made a way
00:02:15.150 --> 00:02:17.700
with that top secret communique.
00:02:17.700 --> 00:02:19.770
Oh no, he's disappeared.
00:02:19.770 --> 00:02:22.740
Let's use interwoven in a few sentences.
00:02:22.740 --> 00:02:24.213
Here's a literal use.
00:02:25.200 --> 00:02:28.440
In this pattern, blue
threads are interwoven
00:02:28.440 --> 00:02:30.060
with pink, right?
00:02:30.060 --> 00:02:30.960
If you do this enough times,
00:02:30.960 --> 00:02:33.390
you can sort of see
where plaid comes from.
00:02:33.390 --> 00:02:36.480
The strands are literally woven together,
00:02:36.480 --> 00:02:40.260
but here's a figurative use of the word.
00:02:40.260 --> 00:02:43.590
The food traditions of Italy
and India are interwoven
00:02:43.590 --> 00:02:47.250
in my dad's signature dish, pizza curry.
00:02:47.250 --> 00:02:48.810
In this case, it's traditions
00:02:48.810 --> 00:02:50.250
that have been twisted together
00:02:50.250 --> 00:02:53.070
rather than literal strands of thread.
00:02:53.070 --> 00:02:55.620
Curry pizza is a real thing, by the way,
00:02:55.620 --> 00:02:58.590
if you've never had it
and it's incredible.
00:02:58.590 --> 00:03:01.440
Dip a piece of cheese
pizza into saag paneer
00:03:01.440 --> 00:03:02.820
and thank me later.
00:03:02.820 --> 00:03:04.890
Listen, Wordsmiths, I'm just here to help
00:03:04.890 --> 00:03:08.370
in matters food related and
in matters word related,
00:03:08.370 --> 00:03:12.123
and you're just here because
you can learn anything.
00:03:12.960 --> 00:03:13.793
David, out.
|
Heritage | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ttbflLOXGM | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=9ttbflLOXGM&ei=n1WUZcKWGsD6vdIPtt2SkAs&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=66FFA484A362B1A08C532615B3A9F1561AA0216F.9F6BEE7DB4DE1893BB67489E10A16A93B839C7D6&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.750 --> 00:00:03.360
- [David] It's time to
explore our roots, wordsmiths,
00:00:03.360 --> 00:00:04.950
our backgrounds, where we came from.
00:00:04.950 --> 00:00:07.440
Because the word I'm
bringing you in this video
00:00:07.440 --> 00:00:09.732
is "heritage".
00:00:09.732 --> 00:00:12.150
Mind you, we're always exploring our roots
00:00:12.150 --> 00:00:13.560
when it comes to vocabulary.
00:00:13.560 --> 00:00:15.210
Huh? All right.
00:00:15.210 --> 00:00:18.240
Her-i-tage, it's a noun.
00:00:18.240 --> 00:00:19.530
It means a birthright.
00:00:19.530 --> 00:00:22.200
Traditions or goods
granted to you by relatives
00:00:22.200 --> 00:00:23.670
or cultural ancestors.
00:00:23.670 --> 00:00:26.670
For example, I have Lithuanian heritage.
00:00:26.670 --> 00:00:29.790
Here's a map of the Baltic
Sea. There's Lithuania.
00:00:29.790 --> 00:00:31.440
Some of my ancestors came from there.
00:00:31.440 --> 00:00:33.780
This country in Eastern Europe.
00:00:33.780 --> 00:00:36.270
That's part of my heritage.
00:00:36.270 --> 00:00:39.150
Let's talk about the
derivation of this word.
00:00:39.150 --> 00:00:40.920
It comes from French.
00:00:40.920 --> 00:00:42.270
Many words in English do,
00:00:42.270 --> 00:00:45.630
because about 900 years ago,
the French invaded England
00:00:45.630 --> 00:00:48.030
and took their language
along for the ride.
00:00:48.030 --> 00:00:50.940
So heritage is itself of French origin.
00:00:50.940 --> 00:00:53.580
But we can break that down
further into "heriter"
00:00:53.580 --> 00:00:55.729
which is a verb that means to inherit,
00:00:55.729 --> 00:00:57.972
to receive something from a relative
00:00:57.972 --> 00:01:01.410
and a-g-e which is a noun forming suffix.
00:01:01.410 --> 00:01:03.330
It's pronounced aj in French, in English,
00:01:03.330 --> 00:01:05.550
it's pronounced ij, right?
00:01:05.550 --> 00:01:09.600
Like an ij you scratch. It
can turn verbs into nouns.
00:01:09.600 --> 00:01:11.010
For example, turning the verb
00:01:11.010 --> 00:01:13.770
to marry into the noun, marriage.
00:01:13.770 --> 00:01:16.213
So inherit plus a-g-e
00:01:16.213 --> 00:01:19.373
equals the thing you inherit, right?
00:01:19.373 --> 00:01:24.330
Herit-age, heritage. So we've
got these two word parts.
00:01:24.330 --> 00:01:28.080
Can you think of words
that sound similar to herit
00:01:28.080 --> 00:01:32.700
and a-g-e and ij that
use those word parts?
00:01:32.700 --> 00:01:34.890
I'll give you 10 seconds
to come up with a few.
00:01:34.890 --> 00:01:38.007
Doesn't have to be a lot.
Okay, commence the music.
00:01:38.007 --> 00:01:40.924
(soft funky music)
00:01:48.540 --> 00:01:50.460
Here are some that I came up with.
00:01:50.460 --> 00:01:53.160
Inheritance, which is
the property you inherit
00:01:53.160 --> 00:01:54.547
when someone dies.
00:01:54.547 --> 00:01:57.322
"Ance" is another noun forming suffix.
00:01:57.322 --> 00:01:59.430
Wreckage is a noun.
00:01:59.430 --> 00:02:02.190
It's what's left after something
has been wrecked, right?
00:02:02.190 --> 00:02:04.170
The remnants of something
that's been destroyed.
00:02:04.170 --> 00:02:07.200
We took the verb to wreck to destroy
00:02:07.200 --> 00:02:11.343
and added a-g-e to make it
a noun, to make it wreckage.
00:02:12.750 --> 00:02:17.730
An heirloom. Herit and heir,
h-e-i-r are related words.
00:02:17.730 --> 00:02:20.310
And an heirloom is a
treasured piece of inheritance
00:02:20.310 --> 00:02:22.824
that passes down through a family.
00:02:22.824 --> 00:02:26.670
Let's use the word heritage
in a sentence or two.
00:02:26.670 --> 00:02:29.400
Adewale's family heritage was writing.
00:02:29.400 --> 00:02:31.020
His mother is a screenwriter
00:02:31.020 --> 00:02:33.270
and his grandfather was a playwright.
00:02:33.270 --> 00:02:35.523
It's a family tradition for him, you see,
00:02:36.690 --> 00:02:39.450
there's Adewale, there's his mom
00:02:39.450 --> 00:02:40.743
and there's her dad.
00:02:41.580 --> 00:02:43.140
This is also a typewriter,
00:02:43.140 --> 00:02:46.080
for those of you too young
to know what a typewriter is.
00:02:46.080 --> 00:02:47.580
It's the machine that goes clicky, clicky,
00:02:47.580 --> 00:02:48.810
click clicky, ding ding, ding.
00:02:48.810 --> 00:02:50.175
You make the words.
00:02:50.175 --> 00:02:53.130
I feel like that's self-explanatory.
00:02:53.130 --> 00:02:56.730
So that's being used for an
individual or a family, right?
00:02:56.730 --> 00:02:58.950
A family context, Adewale's family.
00:02:58.950 --> 00:03:02.673
But let's use it in a
wider national context.
00:03:03.750 --> 00:03:05.790
Many foods that we think of
00:03:05.790 --> 00:03:08.400
as uniquely American originated elsewhere.
00:03:08.400 --> 00:03:11.553
But we can claim Cajun chef
Paul Prudhomme's turducken.
00:03:12.517 --> 00:03:14.880
A chicken stuffed inside a
duck, stuffed inside a Turkey
00:03:14.880 --> 00:03:17.670
as part of our cultural heritage.
00:03:17.670 --> 00:03:20.100
Here I have drawn a handy cutaway diagram.
00:03:20.100 --> 00:03:23.550
You see in here in the
middle, that's the chicken.
00:03:23.550 --> 00:03:26.370
This purple layer here
represents the duck.
00:03:26.370 --> 00:03:29.610
And of course, this outer
layer, the mantle of the earth
00:03:29.610 --> 00:03:32.040
represents the Turkey.
00:03:32.040 --> 00:03:35.122
And this represents a
hungry individual who wishes
00:03:35.122 --> 00:03:36.603
to eat the turducken.
00:03:38.550 --> 00:03:40.470
But more to the point,
what I'm trying to say is
00:03:40.470 --> 00:03:42.720
that the turducken represents something
00:03:42.720 --> 00:03:45.090
that is unique to America.
00:03:45.090 --> 00:03:48.450
It is part of the United States cultural
00:03:48.450 --> 00:03:50.490
and culinary heritage.
00:03:50.490 --> 00:03:52.920
It's part of our food heritage.
00:03:52.920 --> 00:03:56.040
Now, I have never had
the buck wild pleasure
00:03:56.040 --> 00:03:59.940
of eating a turducken but
I hear it is delicious.
00:03:59.940 --> 00:04:03.630
So support your local mad
scientist chef, wordsmiths,
00:04:03.630 --> 00:04:05.700
and I'll catch you next time.
00:04:05.700 --> 00:04:07.953
You can learn anything. David, out.
|
Esteem | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=boB0GiMrS_Q | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=boB0GiMrS_Q&ei=n1WUZcD_Gq6Ap-oP6tuLMA&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=E744C48A177791BF5EB0812ED767E659C1763AC0.C323E167B186DFBCE00104D552EAAC583F4942C6&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.270 --> 00:00:01.590
- Hey there, wordsmiths.
00:00:01.590 --> 00:00:04.890
I must tell you, I feel
quite good about this word.
00:00:04.890 --> 00:00:06.340
Esteem.
00:00:06.340 --> 00:00:08.430
Esteem.
00:00:08.430 --> 00:00:10.380
It's a noun. It means respect.
00:00:10.380 --> 00:00:12.300
You can hold someone in high esteem,
00:00:12.300 --> 00:00:14.580
which means you have a
lot of respect for them,
00:00:14.580 --> 00:00:18.357
or you can have high self-esteem,
respect for yourself.
00:00:18.357 --> 00:00:20.610
This word comes from the French estimer,
00:00:20.610 --> 00:00:22.590
which means to appraise
00:00:22.590 --> 00:00:25.052
and to guess at the value of something.
00:00:25.052 --> 00:00:27.990
This was indeed the original meaning
00:00:27.990 --> 00:00:31.151
of esteem was worth or value.
00:00:31.151 --> 00:00:33.219
Let's come up with some similar words.
00:00:33.219 --> 00:00:34.851
What words can you think of
00:00:34.851 --> 00:00:38.040
that can contain a similar root to esteem?
00:00:38.040 --> 00:00:41.550
I'm thinking about that E-S-T especially.
00:00:41.550 --> 00:00:42.930
I'll give you 10 seconds.
00:00:42.930 --> 00:00:44.461
Okay, here we go.
00:00:44.461 --> 00:00:47.044
(upbeat music)
00:00:55.170 --> 00:00:56.850
Okay, here's what I came up with.
00:00:56.850 --> 00:01:00.510
There's estimate, which
means to make a rough guess,
00:01:00.510 --> 00:01:03.960
like estimating how many jelly
beans are in a jar, right?
00:01:03.960 --> 00:01:06.720
Tying it back to the root when
you're estimating something,
00:01:06.720 --> 00:01:09.510
you're guessing at its value or its worth,
00:01:09.510 --> 00:01:12.231
or how many jelly beans there are.
00:01:12.231 --> 00:01:14.460
Esteemed, which is another way of saying
00:01:14.460 --> 00:01:17.160
the famous or the well-respected.
00:01:17.160 --> 00:01:19.050
That's how I talk about
my work friends sometimes.
00:01:19.050 --> 00:01:21.480
I'll be like, oh yeah, my
esteemed colleague, Heather,
00:01:21.480 --> 00:01:23.246
She rules. Hi, Heather.
00:01:23.246 --> 00:01:26.585
Inestimable, which means
something so precious
00:01:26.585 --> 00:01:30.660
that it can't even be given
a value, like a diamond,
00:01:30.660 --> 00:01:33.540
the size of a small dog,
or my belief in you.
00:01:33.540 --> 00:01:36.390
Let's use esteem in a sentence or two.
00:01:36.390 --> 00:01:39.600
Juanita held her mother's
sculptures in high esteem,
00:01:39.600 --> 00:01:42.840
though the art world
never seemed to get them.
00:01:42.840 --> 00:01:44.310
She respects them a lot.
00:01:44.310 --> 00:01:46.200
That's what that conventional
expression means,
00:01:46.200 --> 00:01:47.880
to hold something in high esteem
00:01:47.880 --> 00:01:50.280
is you really, really like it,
00:01:50.280 --> 00:01:51.360
and that doesn't have to be things.
00:01:51.360 --> 00:01:52.410
That can also be people.
00:01:52.410 --> 00:01:54.990
You can hold a person in high esteem.
00:01:54.990 --> 00:01:55.950
Let's do another one.
00:01:55.950 --> 00:01:58.050
Brolus the Troll saw a therapist
00:01:58.050 --> 00:02:01.139
to talk through his
feelings of low self-esteem.
00:02:01.139 --> 00:02:02.490
Good job, Brolus.
00:02:02.490 --> 00:02:04.680
It's never too late to
take care of yourself.
00:02:04.680 --> 00:02:05.513
In this house,
00:02:05.513 --> 00:02:08.180
we support trolls that
take care of themselves.
00:02:08.180 --> 00:02:11.366
Wordsmiths. I hope you know
the value that you possess.
00:02:11.366 --> 00:02:12.900
It is inestimable.
00:02:12.900 --> 00:02:14.937
It is beyond number.
00:02:14.937 --> 00:02:17.280
Remember that when you're feeling low.
00:02:17.280 --> 00:02:18.480
I believe in you,
00:02:18.480 --> 00:02:21.303
and I also believe that
you can learn anything.
00:02:22.230 --> 00:02:23.063
David out.
|
Perceive | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NiaCGBX9Zig | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=NiaCGBX9Zig&ei=n1WUZaOMIPDpxN8Pk8a3UA&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=168BE810B6AC0C8EC220845CA7A292133F472228.225DF631DF633122BCC61073C3FD697D41612669&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.300 --> 00:00:03.060
- [David] Open your minds, wordsmiths.
00:00:03.060 --> 00:00:05.670
We're talking about the word perceive.
00:00:05.670 --> 00:00:08.310
Ah, it's one of those E before I words,
00:00:08.310 --> 00:00:10.290
some of the hardest to spell in English.
00:00:10.290 --> 00:00:12.423
Perceive is a verb.
00:00:13.350 --> 00:00:15.510
This verb means to notice something.
00:00:15.510 --> 00:00:18.930
You might also know it from
its noun form, perception.
00:00:18.930 --> 00:00:19.763
Perception.
00:00:20.670 --> 00:00:22.740
It's a non-specific way of saying
00:00:22.740 --> 00:00:25.110
that your senses are picking something up.
00:00:25.110 --> 00:00:30.030
You can perceive sights, smells,
tastes, sounds, feelings.
00:00:30.030 --> 00:00:33.360
Perception, perceiving,
covers all of that.
00:00:33.360 --> 00:00:36.120
So this comes from Latin. All of it does.
00:00:36.120 --> 00:00:38.580
Because of the E before
I thing in the verb form,
00:00:38.580 --> 00:00:41.100
I think it's a little easier
to break it down as a noun,
00:00:41.100 --> 00:00:43.710
so let's look at perception.
00:00:43.710 --> 00:00:48.543
So per is a prefix that
means completely or through.
00:00:49.440 --> 00:00:51.900
The cept part comes from capita,
00:00:51.900 --> 00:00:54.720
which you might also see as capt, C-A-P-T.
00:00:54.720 --> 00:00:57.180
It means to grasp, to grab.
00:00:57.180 --> 00:01:00.390
And ion is a noun-forming suffix, right,
00:01:00.390 --> 00:01:03.630
an ending that turns
other words into nouns.
00:01:03.630 --> 00:01:08.040
So perception is when you
grasp something completely,
00:01:08.040 --> 00:01:09.513
when you understand it.
00:01:10.500 --> 00:01:13.140
Let's take 10 seconds and come
up with some similar words
00:01:13.140 --> 00:01:18.140
that contain these elements,
per and capt and ion.
00:01:18.330 --> 00:01:20.810
Three, two, one. Let's jam.
00:01:20.810 --> 00:01:24.143
(cheerful upbeat music)
00:01:34.240 --> 00:01:36.330
Okay, here's some I came up with.
00:01:36.330 --> 00:01:39.210
Pervasive, an adjective
meaning everywhere.
00:01:39.210 --> 00:01:41.850
Per means through and vadere means to go.
00:01:41.850 --> 00:01:44.820
Compare the word invade, right, to go in.
00:01:44.820 --> 00:01:46.710
So something that's pervasive
00:01:46.710 --> 00:01:49.680
has completely gone through a community.
00:01:49.680 --> 00:01:54.300
Pervasive influence, pervasive
illness, pervasive trends.
00:01:54.300 --> 00:01:58.140
Capture, a verb meaning
to grab, to take by force.
00:01:58.140 --> 00:02:01.530
This is probably as close a
direct English translation
00:02:01.530 --> 00:02:03.723
as you can get of the Latin verb capere.
00:02:04.620 --> 00:02:07.800
Reception, a noun meaning
getting something,
00:02:07.800 --> 00:02:09.090
receiving a thing.
00:02:09.090 --> 00:02:11.520
You might have bad
reception in the dining room
00:02:11.520 --> 00:02:13.200
because the Wi-Fi is weak there.
00:02:13.200 --> 00:02:15.720
Or reception can mean a formal event
00:02:15.720 --> 00:02:17.340
like a wedding reception.
00:02:17.340 --> 00:02:19.740
The thing you are receiving is partygoers.
00:02:19.740 --> 00:02:22.560
You are welcoming them
to celebrate with you.
00:02:22.560 --> 00:02:26.400
Let's use perception and perceive
in a couple of sentences.
00:02:26.400 --> 00:02:28.890
Thanks to his keen powers of perception,
00:02:28.890 --> 00:02:30.960
Walter saw that the bridge
was about to collapse
00:02:30.960 --> 00:02:32.850
and kept everyone away.
00:02:32.850 --> 00:02:34.830
He saw it. He noticed it, right?
00:02:34.830 --> 00:02:36.157
He looked at the bridge and he was like,
00:02:36.157 --> 00:02:40.020
"That structural beam exhibits
signs of metal fatigue."
00:02:40.020 --> 00:02:43.170
Good eye, Walter. Thanks for saving lives.
00:02:43.170 --> 00:02:44.340
Let's do another one.
00:02:44.340 --> 00:02:47.820
Using her psychic powers,
Jade perceived Vivek
00:02:47.820 --> 00:02:49.590
before he entered the room.
00:02:49.590 --> 00:02:53.250
Right, she's sensing
him with, in this case,
00:02:53.250 --> 00:02:55.200
her psychic powers.
00:02:55.200 --> 00:02:57.210
And, of course, another
term for psychic powers
00:02:57.210 --> 00:02:59.790
is extrasensory perception.
00:02:59.790 --> 00:03:02.790
Hmm? What we used to call the sixth sense.
00:03:02.790 --> 00:03:04.860
That's right, I'm putting
more content in the outro.
00:03:04.860 --> 00:03:05.880
Try to stop me.
00:03:05.880 --> 00:03:08.940
Oh right, I forgot. I cannot be stopped.
00:03:08.940 --> 00:03:13.593
But you can't either because
you can learn anything.
00:03:14.520 --> 00:03:15.353
David out.
|
Collective | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08ezdqrSSIg | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=08ezdqrSSIg&ei=n1WUZemVIbfCp-oPkMmV2Aw&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=97B15A170409A3232C72942DE1FA7E418E51D858.07F7159396EA47A0D68F9162D64E93335F91E2B0&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.360 --> 00:00:02.910
- [David] It's time to
come together, wordsmiths.
00:00:02.910 --> 00:00:06.398
The word we'll go through in
this video is "collective."
00:00:06.398 --> 00:00:09.573
Collective, it's an adjective.
00:00:10.770 --> 00:00:14.220
It means, something done
together by everyone in a group,
00:00:14.220 --> 00:00:16.590
like, "We made a collective decision
00:00:16.590 --> 00:00:18.330
that sea slugs should be our mascot."
00:00:18.330 --> 00:00:20.640
We did it together, right?
00:00:20.640 --> 00:00:23.250
This word comes from Latin roots,
00:00:23.250 --> 00:00:25.230
the co- part means with, or together,
00:00:25.230 --> 00:00:27.510
like cohabitate, to live together,
00:00:27.510 --> 00:00:30.060
or cooperate, to work together.
00:00:30.060 --> 00:00:33.150
You might also see it as con, or com.
00:00:33.150 --> 00:00:35.340
The -lect part comes from legere,
00:00:35.340 --> 00:00:38.580
which is Latin for "to
pick," or "to gather."
00:00:38.580 --> 00:00:42.030
It's also Latin for "to read,"
but that's another story.
00:00:42.030 --> 00:00:43.380
So gathered together,
00:00:43.380 --> 00:00:45.840
that's what it means to
collect something, right?
00:00:45.840 --> 00:00:47.820
Collect, gather together.
00:00:47.820 --> 00:00:50.400
And this last part, I-V-E, -ive,
00:00:50.400 --> 00:00:52.558
that's what makes it an
adjective, a describing word,
00:00:52.558 --> 00:00:55.260
it means tending to.
00:00:55.260 --> 00:00:57.660
So, therefore, something that's collective
00:00:57.660 --> 00:01:00.000
tends to stick together, right?
00:01:00.000 --> 00:01:04.170
Gathers things together,
does things as a group.
00:01:04.170 --> 00:01:05.850
So using these three elements,
00:01:05.850 --> 00:01:08.370
what other similar words
can you come up with?
00:01:08.370 --> 00:01:13.370
Co-, or con-, lect, or -ive.
00:01:13.830 --> 00:01:15.150
I'll put on some music.
00:01:15.150 --> 00:01:17.583
Meet me back here in 10 seconds.
00:01:18.607 --> 00:01:21.440
(energetic music)
00:01:29.220 --> 00:01:31.200
Okay. Here's what I came up with.
00:01:31.200 --> 00:01:34.290
Using CON, I have conduct, to guide,
00:01:34.290 --> 00:01:37.110
like a train conductor,
or an orchestra conductor.
00:01:37.110 --> 00:01:38.550
Con, together,
00:01:38.550 --> 00:01:39.930
duct, to lead.
00:01:39.930 --> 00:01:42.060
You're leading an orchestra together.
00:01:42.060 --> 00:01:45.270
You're keeping everyone
on the train together.
00:01:45.270 --> 00:01:48.390
Using LECT, I got elect, right?
00:01:48.390 --> 00:01:50.880
To vote for someone, to pick them.
00:01:50.880 --> 00:01:54.030
Using -ive, I got impressive,
00:01:54.030 --> 00:01:55.860
an adjective that describes something
00:01:55.860 --> 00:01:58.140
as worthy or memorable,
00:01:58.140 --> 00:02:01.350
something that might impress us, right?
00:02:01.350 --> 00:02:04.263
Let's use collective in a sentence.
00:02:05.947 --> 00:02:08.640
"Because its members loved arguing,
00:02:08.640 --> 00:02:12.300
the Debate Club struggled to
make collective decisions."
00:02:12.300 --> 00:02:14.730
Right? They couldn't even
decide what to order for dinner
00:02:14.730 --> 00:02:15.630
as a group.
00:02:15.630 --> 00:02:17.580
Little takeout menu in the center.
00:02:17.580 --> 00:02:19.620
You can also use collective as a noun,
00:02:19.620 --> 00:02:21.360
although that's a little bit less common,
00:02:21.360 --> 00:02:23.340
it's another way to say group.
00:02:23.340 --> 00:02:25.920
Think of like, a farmer's collective,
00:02:25.920 --> 00:02:28.980
or a yarn collective, right?
00:02:28.980 --> 00:02:30.570
It's a group of people
that have come together
00:02:30.570 --> 00:02:32.250
to accomplish something.
00:02:32.250 --> 00:02:33.990
Together, we fly, wordsmiths.
00:02:33.990 --> 00:02:36.540
What we do, we do collectively.
00:02:36.540 --> 00:02:37.860
And together,
00:02:37.860 --> 00:02:39.453
I think we can learn anything.
00:02:40.320 --> 00:02:41.153
David, out.
|
Incident | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qrp76qvtUhM | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=Qrp76qvtUhM&ei=n1WUZcWgIMLDmLAPneut-Ao&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=495862E502F9B504B5D5D4785E172627D2D72832.9CB760789943A86D17EF8ACF54B672380EB3BF5C&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.120 --> 00:00:01.080
- Hey, wordsmiths.
00:00:01.080 --> 00:00:04.170
Let me introduce you to
a spectacular new word.
00:00:04.170 --> 00:00:05.640
It's, oh.
00:00:05.640 --> 00:00:08.700
Oh dear. There's been an incident.
00:00:08.700 --> 00:00:10.710
This manatee has taken several bites
00:00:10.710 --> 00:00:12.990
out of the word spectacular. (sighs)
00:00:12.990 --> 00:00:14.850
Well, fine.
00:00:14.850 --> 00:00:16.980
We are nothing if not
flexible here at Khan Academy.
00:00:16.980 --> 00:00:20.580
So let us instead pivot to
the word incident itself.
00:00:20.580 --> 00:00:21.663
Incident.
00:00:22.560 --> 00:00:24.060
It's a noun.
00:00:24.060 --> 00:00:25.740
And it means an unforeseen
00:00:25.740 --> 00:00:27.600
and usually bad thing that happens,
00:00:27.600 --> 00:00:29.880
like a manatee taking several bites
00:00:29.880 --> 00:00:31.650
out of my vocabulary word.
00:00:31.650 --> 00:00:32.550
Thanks pal.
00:00:32.550 --> 00:00:34.170
Sorry to be the bearer of bad news,
00:00:34.170 --> 00:00:36.240
but hey, at least I can be the bearer
00:00:36.240 --> 00:00:38.043
of good word origins, huh?
00:00:38.043 --> 00:00:39.150
Huh? Come on.
00:00:39.150 --> 00:00:41.100
Incident comes from the Latin incidere,
00:00:41.100 --> 00:00:43.380
which means to fall upon or to happen.
00:00:43.380 --> 00:00:45.090
And we can break that into two parts,
00:00:45.090 --> 00:00:49.380
in, which means in or on, and
cidere, which means to fall.
00:00:49.380 --> 00:00:54.030
So an incident is an event
that fell upon you or happened.
00:00:54.030 --> 00:00:56.100
Now, normally this is the part
of the video where I ask you
00:00:56.100 --> 00:00:57.780
to come up with some
similar sounding words
00:00:57.780 --> 00:00:59.040
and we will get to that,
00:00:59.040 --> 00:01:01.290
but I wanted to head off some confusion.
00:01:01.290 --> 00:01:04.020
Cidere different from caedere,
00:01:04.020 --> 00:01:05.160
which means to kill,
00:01:05.160 --> 00:01:08.820
and shows up in words like
homicide or pesticide, right?
00:01:08.820 --> 00:01:10.170
To killing a person
00:01:10.170 --> 00:01:12.390
or killing pests or killing a bug.
00:01:12.390 --> 00:01:13.350
Different words.
00:01:13.350 --> 00:01:17.700
So when we look for words that
share a root with incident,
00:01:17.700 --> 00:01:19.860
they'll typically be pronounced cid
00:01:19.860 --> 00:01:21.510
instead of cide.
00:01:21.510 --> 00:01:23.040
Anyway, let's do the thing.
00:01:23.040 --> 00:01:24.990
You've got 10 seconds
to come up with words
00:01:24.990 --> 00:01:28.410
that use the prefix in, or the root cid.
00:01:28.410 --> 00:01:31.783
I'll put on some music.
(groovy music)
00:01:41.280 --> 00:01:43.173
Here are some words I came up with.
00:01:44.310 --> 00:01:48.330
Accident, a chance happening,
an unexpected mistake.
00:01:48.330 --> 00:01:49.560
Coincidence, right?
00:01:49.560 --> 00:01:51.510
Which is when two or more
things happen at once
00:01:51.510 --> 00:01:53.010
without having been planned,
00:01:53.010 --> 00:01:56.280
coincident, things happening together,
00:01:56.280 --> 00:01:57.690
and inspect,
00:01:57.690 --> 00:01:59.940
which is to look at something carefully.
00:01:59.940 --> 00:02:01.863
Looking in.
00:02:03.060 --> 00:02:05.070
Let's use incident in a sentence,
00:02:05.070 --> 00:02:08.673
because I think that'll get
across its bad news connotation.
00:02:09.540 --> 00:02:14.540
Sadly, the incident in the
library destroyed all the books.
00:02:14.640 --> 00:02:16.560
It was a bummer to lose all those books.
00:02:16.560 --> 00:02:18.600
An unfortunate thing happened.
00:02:18.600 --> 00:02:21.540
Incident can also
sometimes be a euphemism.
00:02:21.540 --> 00:02:23.640
A way of saying something ugly happened
00:02:23.640 --> 00:02:25.170
without having to name it.
00:02:25.170 --> 00:02:28.140
Note that I'm saying the
incident and not the fire,
00:02:28.140 --> 00:02:31.560
or the horrific cotton
candy machine malfunction.
00:02:31.560 --> 00:02:33.150
This would, as it happens,
00:02:33.150 --> 00:02:35.430
also be really bad for all the books.
00:02:35.430 --> 00:02:37.980
Ah, okay wordsmiths. I have to go.
00:02:37.980 --> 00:02:42.330
There's been an incident.
(thunder roaring)
00:02:42.330 --> 00:02:46.020
I think the manatee is
back and it's still hungry.
00:02:46.020 --> 00:02:47.640
I'll catch you all next time, huh?
00:02:47.640 --> 00:02:49.353
You can learn anything, David out.
|
Enforce | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htns7S4ILYE | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=htns7S4ILYE&ei=n1WUZabIIvWsmLAPhYuekA4&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=870486AD3D70918BBAD24B915E7E8186B0901E73.3E9C26D8A495BADD8CB6EA86BC8E879FB09CB73B&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.300 --> 00:00:02.100
- [Instructor] Hey, how
do you do wordsmiths?
00:00:02.100 --> 00:00:05.164
This video is about the word enforce.
00:00:05.164 --> 00:00:07.590
Enforce, it's a verb.
00:00:07.590 --> 00:00:11.820
It means to make sure that
a rule or law is followed.
00:00:11.820 --> 00:00:15.240
You might usually hear it in
the context of enforcing a law.
00:00:15.240 --> 00:00:16.560
Right? If I drive too fast,
00:00:16.560 --> 00:00:19.110
local authorities can
enforce the speed limit
00:00:19.110 --> 00:00:22.050
by issuing me a speeding ticket.
00:00:22.050 --> 00:00:24.990
Now, the word origin here
is kind of a violent one,
00:00:24.990 --> 00:00:27.270
this word comes from the
old French, enforcier,
00:00:27.270 --> 00:00:30.120
which means to use force
on someone or something.
00:00:30.120 --> 00:00:33.393
So, EN means in, or on.
00:00:34.230 --> 00:00:36.030
When it's EN, 99% of the time,
00:00:36.030 --> 00:00:37.890
that means it has a French origin,
00:00:37.890 --> 00:00:41.970
and sometimes it'll appear as EM too.
00:00:41.970 --> 00:00:44.490
Force means strength or power,
00:00:44.490 --> 00:00:46.590
it ultimately comes from
a Latin word, fortis,
00:00:46.590 --> 00:00:47.910
which just means strength.
00:00:47.910 --> 00:00:52.830
So when you enforce, you're
using your strength on someone.
00:00:52.830 --> 00:00:54.090
Let's take 10 seconds
00:00:54.090 --> 00:00:56.220
to come up with some more English words
00:00:56.220 --> 00:00:59.670
that contain N, or M, and force.
00:00:59.670 --> 00:01:01.140
I'll put on some music,
00:01:01.140 --> 00:01:03.540
and I'll meet you back here in 10 seconds.
00:01:03.540 --> 00:01:04.551
All right, let's do it.
00:01:04.551 --> 00:01:07.384
(energetic music)
00:01:15.750 --> 00:01:17.940
Right, here's three I came up with.
00:01:17.940 --> 00:01:21.150
Reinforce, which means to
strengthen something, right,
00:01:21.150 --> 00:01:23.193
to put more force in it.
00:01:24.150 --> 00:01:26.580
Encode, which means to
make information secret,
00:01:26.580 --> 00:01:28.800
or to give computerized instructions.
00:01:28.800 --> 00:01:31.320
A spy might carry an encoded letter,
00:01:31.320 --> 00:01:33.510
or I might convert a video file
00:01:33.510 --> 00:01:35.040
from one file type to another
00:01:35.040 --> 00:01:36.990
using an encoder program.
00:01:36.990 --> 00:01:40.530
Right? I'm putting it in, or into, code.
00:01:40.530 --> 00:01:44.400
And embolden, which means to
give someone confidence, right?
00:01:44.400 --> 00:01:47.640
Literally, to put boldness in them.
00:01:47.640 --> 00:01:49.170
And I know it's EM there,
00:01:49.170 --> 00:01:52.950
but M means the same thing as N.
00:01:52.950 --> 00:01:54.900
Let us use the force, as it were,
00:01:54.900 --> 00:01:56.527
and make some sentences.
00:01:56.527 --> 00:01:59.670
"The admiral enforced
the law on his enemies,
00:01:59.670 --> 00:02:02.250
but he ignored the law for his friends."
00:02:02.250 --> 00:02:03.180
So the admiral made sure
00:02:03.180 --> 00:02:05.730
that his enemies had to follow
the law, but not his friends.
00:02:05.730 --> 00:02:08.100
There he is signing a little decree.
00:02:08.100 --> 00:02:11.100
The noun form of enforce is enforcement,
00:02:11.100 --> 00:02:14.377
which you're most likely to
read or hear in the phrase
00:02:14.377 --> 00:02:15.420
"law enforcement,"
00:02:15.420 --> 00:02:17.970
which is to say the police,
sheriff's department,
00:02:17.970 --> 00:02:19.770
Department of Justice, right?
00:02:19.770 --> 00:02:23.940
Law enforcement is empowered
to enforce the law.
00:02:23.940 --> 00:02:26.407
They represent the power of
the state to say things like,
00:02:26.407 --> 00:02:28.680
"Hey, it's against the
law to hurt people."
00:02:28.680 --> 00:02:30.180
And if someone hurts people,
00:02:30.180 --> 00:02:33.030
the law has the power to stop them, right?
00:02:33.030 --> 00:02:36.330
That's what it means to
have enforcement powers.
00:02:36.330 --> 00:02:38.283
Okay, you can learn anything.
00:02:39.510 --> 00:02:40.343
David, out.
|
Impose | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZc71QSgd2Y | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=yZc71QSgd2Y&ei=n1WUZZvPHcOdp-oP4YO3aA&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=2F106C92DFE932B7D833A145E648B20FDB222569.8377B0441AA7BE83B0A477399E664F39D9326EAC&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.570 --> 00:00:01.860
- [Narrator] Hey there, wordsmiths.
00:00:01.860 --> 00:00:06.000
This video is about the
word impose, impose.
00:00:06.000 --> 00:00:09.930
It's a verb and it means to
force something onto others.
00:00:09.930 --> 00:00:12.900
Kind of like how I
impose my taste in music
00:00:12.900 --> 00:00:14.400
on you in these videos.
00:00:14.400 --> 00:00:17.130
You didn't ask for this,
I just put it onto you,
00:00:17.130 --> 00:00:21.420
which is indeed what this
word literally means in Latin/
00:00:21.420 --> 00:00:25.830
Comes from two parts, im or
in, which can mean in or on,
00:00:25.830 --> 00:00:28.020
and ponere, which means to put.
00:00:28.020 --> 00:00:30.120
So let me impose my taste on you
00:00:30.120 --> 00:00:32.220
by giving you a ten second music break
00:00:32.220 --> 00:00:34.350
during which time I would
like for you to list out
00:00:34.350 --> 00:00:38.400
as many words that contain
im or pose as you can.
00:00:38.400 --> 00:00:39.993
Ready? Let's do it to it.
00:00:41.078 --> 00:00:43.661
(upbeat music)
00:00:50.500 --> 00:00:53.160
All right, here is some
I came up with earlier.
00:00:53.160 --> 00:00:55.230
Position, where you put something,
00:00:55.230 --> 00:00:56.910
where it's located.
00:00:56.910 --> 00:00:59.460
Impression, an impact, a dent,
00:00:59.460 --> 00:01:01.020
when you make a big impression,
00:01:01.020 --> 00:01:03.030
you're literally saying you pressed
00:01:03.030 --> 00:01:05.580
into something, like a
big impression in the sand
00:01:05.580 --> 00:01:06.960
or the snow.
00:01:06.960 --> 00:01:10.410
Figuratively, it's an idea
that occurs to you as easily
00:01:10.410 --> 00:01:12.183
as making a dent in sand.
00:01:13.020 --> 00:01:14.520
Oppose, right?
00:01:14.520 --> 00:01:17.400
This word means to be against something,
00:01:17.400 --> 00:01:20.490
to put yourself against it.
00:01:20.490 --> 00:01:22.320
Anyway, impose, it means
00:01:22.320 --> 00:01:25.230
to put something on someone,
but it's not used literally.
00:01:25.230 --> 00:01:28.980
You wouldn't say, "I imposed
a bucket on Steve's head.
00:01:28.980 --> 00:01:30.150
Sorry Steve."
00:01:30.150 --> 00:01:31.177
'Cause you wouldn't do that.
00:01:31.177 --> 00:01:33.840
"So I guess I'm not sorry Steve,
'cause that didn't happen."
00:01:33.840 --> 00:01:37.380
It is a figurative meaning,
a non-literal meaning.
00:01:37.380 --> 00:01:39.810
Do you think the new principle will impose
00:01:39.810 --> 00:01:41.430
a ban on junk food?
00:01:41.430 --> 00:01:44.040
It's more like you're
putting in a new rule.
00:01:44.040 --> 00:01:46.950
Another meaning of
imposing is being impolite.
00:01:46.950 --> 00:01:49.560
It's a common expression
to say, "I don't want
00:01:49.560 --> 00:01:51.300
to impose," right?
00:01:51.300 --> 00:01:53.190
I don't wanna be an inconvenience.
00:01:53.190 --> 00:01:57.240
I don't wanna waste your
time, put myself in your way.
00:01:57.240 --> 00:02:01.290
You see, "I don't want to
impose, but could you look
00:02:01.290 --> 00:02:03.333
after my giant spider this weekend?
00:02:04.320 --> 00:02:08.100
You don't even need to walk
her, come on, she's so sweet.
00:02:08.100 --> 00:02:09.810
Her name is Benjamin."
00:02:09.810 --> 00:02:12.300
Another form that this word
can take if we wanna make it
00:02:12.300 --> 00:02:14.673
a noun, is imposition.
00:02:15.510 --> 00:02:17.460
It's a big imposition for me to look
00:02:17.460 --> 00:02:19.740
after this man eating spider.
00:02:19.740 --> 00:02:21.780
Wordsmiths, I would never ask you to watch
00:02:21.780 --> 00:02:24.450
my giant spider, man-eating or otherwise,
00:02:24.450 --> 00:02:27.210
but I would impose on
you by asking that you be
00:02:27.210 --> 00:02:30.453
so kind as to watch the next
vocabulary video I make.
00:02:31.290 --> 00:02:33.813
You can learn anything, David out.
|
Resistance | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H-K5y3QrSqM | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=H-K5y3QrSqM&ei=n1WUZfTAH525p-oPwa-NwAw&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=580583DF845FFA2E18DA8D00DD70AA3087B6F68E.74774242813DFA986052E506302217A61DC23D5B&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.180 --> 00:00:01.470
- [Instructor] What's up, wordsmiths?
00:00:01.470 --> 00:00:04.040
This video is about the word resistance.
00:00:04.906 --> 00:00:05.823
Resistance.
00:00:07.800 --> 00:00:08.643
It's a noun.
00:00:09.510 --> 00:00:11.370
It means opposition,
00:00:11.370 --> 00:00:15.213
an effort to stop or fight
something or someone.
00:00:16.080 --> 00:00:18.210
We could say the developers wanted to turn
00:00:18.210 --> 00:00:19.950
the community garden into a parking lot,
00:00:19.950 --> 00:00:21.960
but they were stopped by stiff resistance
00:00:21.960 --> 00:00:22.890
from the neighborhood.
00:00:22.890 --> 00:00:23.970
No, don't.
00:00:23.970 --> 00:00:25.710
Yay for gardens, right?
00:00:25.710 --> 00:00:27.990
The community tried hard
to stop the developers.
00:00:27.990 --> 00:00:29.883
They resisted the plan.
00:00:30.780 --> 00:00:31.980
Derivation time.
00:00:31.980 --> 00:00:35.460
This word ultimately comes
from Latin word parts,
00:00:35.460 --> 00:00:40.230
so re meaning back again or against,
00:00:40.230 --> 00:00:43.563
and sistere, meaning to
stand firm, to stay put.
00:00:44.460 --> 00:00:45.840
So to resist something,
00:00:45.840 --> 00:00:47.580
to express your resistance
00:00:47.580 --> 00:00:52.380
is to stand firm against it
consistently again and again.
00:00:52.380 --> 00:00:55.440
Take the next 10 seconds to
think of some English words
00:00:55.440 --> 00:01:00.440
that contain either of those
elements, either re or sist.
00:01:00.570 --> 00:01:03.120
Ready? Let's go.
00:01:03.120 --> 00:01:05.787
(upbeat music)
00:01:13.290 --> 00:01:15.210
Here are some that I thought of.
00:01:15.210 --> 00:01:17.220
Persist, which means to continue
00:01:17.220 --> 00:01:19.140
through a difficult situation.
00:01:19.140 --> 00:01:21.120
Per means through, right?
00:01:21.120 --> 00:01:25.290
You stick with it. You stay
put through difficulty.
00:01:25.290 --> 00:01:27.840
Renew, which is to start something again,
00:01:27.840 --> 00:01:29.400
or make something new again,
00:01:29.400 --> 00:01:32.220
like renewing a checkout from the library,
00:01:32.220 --> 00:01:35.640
or insist, which is to
make a forceful demand,
00:01:35.640 --> 00:01:38.340
to stand firm about something, right?
00:01:38.340 --> 00:01:41.730
I insist on my right to a glazed donut.
00:01:41.730 --> 00:01:44.670
Let's use resistance in
a couple of sentences.
00:01:44.670 --> 00:01:48.060
Professor Insidious could
not poison Ms. Excellent,
00:01:48.060 --> 00:01:51.900
because of her legendary
resistance to toxins.
00:01:51.900 --> 00:01:54.630
That's a superhero I just made up.
00:01:54.630 --> 00:01:56.580
That's her thing. She can't be poisoned.
00:01:56.580 --> 00:01:59.160
She's highly resistant to poisons.
00:01:59.160 --> 00:02:00.480
Ooh, that's a good one.
00:02:00.480 --> 00:02:03.180
Let's use the adjective form, resistant.
00:02:03.180 --> 00:02:06.450
Put on an A-N-T ending there.
00:02:06.450 --> 00:02:08.730
When they offered to fly
me across the country,
00:02:08.730 --> 00:02:11.070
I was resistant at first.
00:02:11.070 --> 00:02:13.440
That's our adjective
form. I was resistant.
00:02:13.440 --> 00:02:16.170
I didn't wanna do it. I opposed it.
00:02:16.170 --> 00:02:18.690
I exhibited resistance.
00:02:18.690 --> 00:02:20.490
I hope that you do not exhibit resistance
00:02:20.490 --> 00:02:21.990
to learning, dear Wordsmiths,
00:02:21.990 --> 00:02:25.471
because I remain confident
that you can learn anything.
00:02:25.471 --> 00:02:26.963
David Allen.
|
Contentious | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqkqTp2IC3I | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=FqkqTp2IC3I&ei=n1WUZfu8G_7XxN8PyKCVsAk&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=DCC556598A9F92FC1DC0735514F5A3672DD7589D.1CFB930C55366C131F13153E96372FC5934C788B&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.450 --> 00:00:02.430
- I've got a bone to pick
with you, wordsmiths,
00:00:02.430 --> 00:00:05.436
because this video is
about the word contentious.
00:00:05.436 --> 00:00:06.436
Contentious.
00:00:07.470 --> 00:00:08.690
It's an adjective
00:00:08.690 --> 00:00:11.460
and it means involving arguing.
00:00:11.460 --> 00:00:15.540
Quarrelsome, we had a contentious
debate over whether bears
00:00:15.540 --> 00:00:17.910
were scarier than snakes.
00:00:17.910 --> 00:00:21.930
Kind of looks like a pig,
but pigs can also be scary.
00:00:21.930 --> 00:00:22.763
I don't know.
00:00:22.763 --> 00:00:25.200
This word comes to us
from Latin, contentious,
00:00:25.200 --> 00:00:27.870
and it's a combination of two parts.
00:00:27.870 --> 00:00:30.000
Con, which means together or with
00:00:30.000 --> 00:00:33.750
and tendere which means
to stretch, to contend
00:00:33.750 --> 00:00:35.820
for something in English
is to fight for it
00:00:35.820 --> 00:00:39.000
with someone else, you're
stretching your relationship
00:00:39.000 --> 00:00:40.800
with someone like a tug of war
00:00:40.800 --> 00:00:42.930
where you're both pulling
on the end of a rope.
00:00:42.930 --> 00:00:45.424
So something that's
contentious is, for lack
00:00:45.424 --> 00:00:49.050
of a better word, fighty, argumentative.
00:00:49.050 --> 00:00:52.860
Keeping those elements
con and tend in mind.
00:00:52.860 --> 00:00:55.770
Try to come up with a couple
of similar words in English
00:00:55.770 --> 00:00:57.690
that contain those parts.
00:00:57.690 --> 00:00:59.340
I'll give you 10 seconds.
00:00:59.340 --> 00:01:00.600
All right?
00:01:00.600 --> 00:01:02.938
Take me home country road.
00:01:02.938 --> 00:01:05.605
(upbeat music)
00:01:13.230 --> 00:01:14.880
Here were some of mine.
00:01:14.880 --> 00:01:15.713
Tension,
00:01:15.713 --> 00:01:18.060
which is when something
is stretched tight,
00:01:18.060 --> 00:01:20.940
like a rubber band or a spring,
or it can also be a kind
00:01:20.940 --> 00:01:24.330
of unspoken conflict between people.
00:01:24.330 --> 00:01:28.320
Container, a box, an
enclosure of some kind.
00:01:28.320 --> 00:01:32.190
Con tainer means held together
00:01:32.190 --> 00:01:35.670
and extend, which means to stretch out,
00:01:35.670 --> 00:01:38.430
to extend the hand of friendship.
00:01:38.430 --> 00:01:39.869
Let's try it in a sentence.
00:01:39.869 --> 00:01:42.510
Over a series of contentious meetings,
00:01:42.510 --> 00:01:46.620
team cake finally agreed to
a compromise with team pie.
00:01:46.620 --> 00:01:48.900
It must have been a bitter conflict.
00:01:48.900 --> 00:01:51.480
Well, I guess a sweet conflict actually.
00:01:51.480 --> 00:01:54.030
Another one, when we play Monopoly,
00:01:54.030 --> 00:01:56.760
it's always a contentious
issue as to who gets
00:01:56.760 --> 00:01:58.230
to be the thimble.
00:01:58.230 --> 00:02:00.270
That's a weird thing to
argue over, in my opinion.
00:02:00.270 --> 00:02:01.103
I love a thimble.
00:02:01.103 --> 00:02:02.550
Sure, but the Scotty dog
00:02:02.550 --> 00:02:05.190
and the top hat are right there.
00:02:05.190 --> 00:02:06.480
Do not pass go.
00:02:06.480 --> 00:02:08.670
Do not collect 200 vocabulary words.
00:02:08.670 --> 00:02:10.530
We gotta hash this argument out first.
00:02:10.530 --> 00:02:14.760
You contentious, wordsmiths
you, you can learn anything.
00:02:14.760 --> 00:02:15.593
David out.
|
Rebellion | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSfHSvFc5vs | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=KSfHSvFc5vs&ei=n1WUZeC8H-PDmLAP4vOH6Ao&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=5EFA9A371EC12D7D8F0BC44B61D134C56C4E01A1.EC5DD572CCB328DA1B23A5D9D539BB48346F3F50&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.510 --> 00:00:03.000
- [Presenter] Sound the
drums of war, wordsmiths,
00:00:03.000 --> 00:00:06.570
because today I teach you about rebellion.
00:00:06.570 --> 00:00:08.163
Man, I'm a great influence.
00:00:09.060 --> 00:00:10.890
Rebellion.
00:00:10.890 --> 00:00:11.723
It's a noun.
00:00:11.723 --> 00:00:14.940
It means war or pushback
against a government
00:00:14.940 --> 00:00:16.440
or an authority, right?
00:00:16.440 --> 00:00:18.270
The American Revolutionary War
00:00:18.270 --> 00:00:21.090
began as a rebellion
against the British Crown.
00:00:21.090 --> 00:00:23.310
Now, this word has Latin origins.
00:00:23.310 --> 00:00:27.210
The root bel comes from the
Latin bellum, meaning war,
00:00:27.210 --> 00:00:30.960
and the prefix re means
again, against, or back.
00:00:30.960 --> 00:00:32.310
So rebels stand up
00:00:32.310 --> 00:00:35.340
and maybe go to war
against something, right?
00:00:35.340 --> 00:00:36.810
They're seeking change.
00:00:36.810 --> 00:00:39.180
So two countries going
to war with each other
00:00:39.180 --> 00:00:40.230
is not a rebellion,
00:00:40.230 --> 00:00:42.450
but in uprising within a country,
00:00:42.450 --> 00:00:46.020
protesting a tyrannical
ruler, that's a rebellion.
00:00:46.020 --> 00:00:47.760
So re and bel,
00:00:47.760 --> 00:00:50.610
those are our word parts
I wanna focus on today.
00:00:50.610 --> 00:00:53.070
I'm gonna put on some
music for about 10 seconds,
00:00:53.070 --> 00:00:56.370
and while I do that, come up
with as many words as you can
00:00:56.370 --> 00:00:59.280
that contain those elements.
00:00:59.280 --> 00:01:01.297
Okay Let's go.
00:01:01.297 --> 00:01:03.880
(upbeat music)
00:01:12.840 --> 00:01:16.230
Okay, here are three that
I came up with. Remake.
00:01:16.230 --> 00:01:17.520
Like there's an old movie
00:01:17.520 --> 00:01:19.560
and you're making a new
version of it, right?
00:01:19.560 --> 00:01:22.410
You're making it again. Remake.
00:01:22.410 --> 00:01:23.280
Belligerent.
00:01:23.280 --> 00:01:27.600
One of my favorite adjectives.
It means hostile or warlike.
00:01:27.600 --> 00:01:30.240
A belligerent person
starts a lot of arguments,
00:01:30.240 --> 00:01:31.620
a lot of fights.
00:01:31.620 --> 00:01:33.270
And this last one, rebel, right?
00:01:33.270 --> 00:01:34.830
Also contained within rebellion.
00:01:34.830 --> 00:01:37.200
This word can be a noun or a verb.
00:01:37.200 --> 00:01:38.310
I wanted to flag it
00:01:38.310 --> 00:01:40.290
because pronunciations are different
00:01:40.290 --> 00:01:41.880
depending on how you use it.
00:01:41.880 --> 00:01:43.650
When it's a person, they're a rebel.
00:01:43.650 --> 00:01:47.910
But the thing that a rebel
does is rebel, fights back.
00:01:47.910 --> 00:01:51.483
The emphasis changes from the
first syllable to the second.
00:01:53.010 --> 00:01:55.200
First syllable. Second syllable.
00:01:55.200 --> 00:01:56.760
The nouns verbed.
00:01:56.760 --> 00:02:00.330
The rebels rebelled in their rebellion.
00:02:00.330 --> 00:02:02.490
Let's use rebellion in a sentence or two.
00:02:02.490 --> 00:02:04.080
To the mind of a dictator,
00:02:04.080 --> 00:02:06.840
something as innocent as
a sidewalk chalk drawing
00:02:06.840 --> 00:02:09.450
could be seen as an act of rebellion.
00:02:09.450 --> 00:02:12.030
So it's seen as an act of war
00:02:12.030 --> 00:02:14.790
or of open resistance to the dictator.
00:02:14.790 --> 00:02:15.780
Look at a mouth open.
00:02:15.780 --> 00:02:17.970
He looks so scandalized by little house.
00:02:17.970 --> 00:02:21.780
Marta rebelled quietly. She
pulled doors marked push.
00:02:21.780 --> 00:02:23.730
She rode her bike through
the drive-through.
00:02:23.730 --> 00:02:26.010
She microwaved fish in the office.
00:02:26.010 --> 00:02:27.030
I feel like I'm contributing
00:02:27.030 --> 00:02:30.510
to kind of an anti-fish narrative
here, and that's unfair.
00:02:30.510 --> 00:02:33.840
I microwave fish in the Khan
Academy lunchroom, whatever.
00:02:33.840 --> 00:02:35.580
I'm not too proud to admit it.
00:02:35.580 --> 00:02:37.350
Does that make me a hero?
00:02:37.350 --> 00:02:38.820
Maybe.
00:02:38.820 --> 00:02:41.403
Does it make me a rebel? Oh, you betcha.
00:02:42.480 --> 00:02:45.030
Now, if you excuse me,
your boy's got a serving
00:02:45.030 --> 00:02:46.710
of tuna casserole in the refrigerator,
00:02:46.710 --> 00:02:49.861
and I can't eat it cold,
if you know what I mean.
00:02:49.861 --> 00:02:53.257
So you can learn anything. Dig it out.
00:02:54.892 --> 00:02:58.464
(microwave door opens)
00:02:58.464 --> 00:03:00.916
(microwave beeps)
00:03:00.916 --> 00:03:04.780
(microwave door opens)
(presenter laughs)
|
Eliminate | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3mwVQbV9GQ | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=O3mwVQbV9GQ&ei=n1WUZY64IO_dmLAPmNOc0AE&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=38FA24E32EE29926C6ECE2DB413B14516F241954.8EAE4C85C3D0AF2AB67A3D82356D8EB8374130F9&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.210 --> 00:00:01.650
- [David] What's up, wordsmiths?
00:00:01.650 --> 00:00:04.971
This video is about the word eliminate.
00:00:04.971 --> 00:00:06.963
Eliminate.
00:00:07.800 --> 00:00:08.633
It's a verb.
00:00:08.633 --> 00:00:11.313
It means to remove or
get rid of something.
00:00:12.150 --> 00:00:14.580
The word comes to us from Latin,
00:00:14.580 --> 00:00:17.550
and it's a combination of two parts, ex,
00:00:17.550 --> 00:00:20.550
which means out or away, think exit,
00:00:20.550 --> 00:00:25.550
and limin, which means edge
or threshold, think limit.
00:00:25.800 --> 00:00:27.960
You're pushing something
over the threshold
00:00:27.960 --> 00:00:29.159
and out the door.
00:00:29.159 --> 00:00:29.992
(instructor mimicking door slamming)
00:00:29.992 --> 00:00:30.825
There he goes.
00:00:30.825 --> 00:00:32.493
You'll notice it's not exliminate.
00:00:33.390 --> 00:00:36.813
Sometimes ex gets
shortened down to just e,
00:00:37.860 --> 00:00:41.400
as it does here or in
words like eject or emit.
00:00:41.400 --> 00:00:45.270
For now, just know that
sometimes, ex becomes e,
00:00:45.270 --> 00:00:46.770
as in eliminate.
00:00:46.770 --> 00:00:48.420
Thinking of those elements,
00:00:48.420 --> 00:00:52.650
ex or lim, try to come up
with a couple of similar words
00:00:52.650 --> 00:00:54.750
in English that contain those parts.
00:00:54.750 --> 00:00:57.180
I'll give you 10 seconds, all right?
00:00:57.180 --> 00:00:59.152
Take it away, music break.
00:00:59.152 --> 00:01:01.652
(light music)
00:01:10.050 --> 00:01:11.253
Here are some of mine:
00:01:12.150 --> 00:01:14.460
exit, like the opposite of an entrance,
00:01:14.460 --> 00:01:16.260
a place you go out of,
00:01:16.260 --> 00:01:19.710
limit, like the edge or
the end of something,
00:01:19.710 --> 00:01:21.810
and subliminal, this is a fun one.
00:01:21.810 --> 00:01:24.870
It means below the threshold of awareness.
00:01:24.870 --> 00:01:27.450
You might have heard of
subliminal messaging,
00:01:27.450 --> 00:01:29.700
like how I've been
subtly flashing the words
00:01:29.700 --> 00:01:33.420
eat more mangoes onscreen
for the last five seconds.
00:01:33.420 --> 00:01:36.270
I haven't been paid by any
mango growers or anything.
00:01:36.270 --> 00:01:37.950
I just think they're tasty fruits.
00:01:37.950 --> 00:01:41.550
But to eliminate something
is to get rid of it.
00:01:41.550 --> 00:01:42.393
For good.
00:01:43.260 --> 00:01:44.820
Let's try it in a sentence.
00:01:44.820 --> 00:01:47.340
And you can see how it comes across.
00:01:47.340 --> 00:01:51.997
It usually has a kind of dire
connotation, kinda scary.
00:01:51.997 --> 00:01:55.020
"Our new directive of
public order will eliminate
00:01:55.020 --> 00:01:57.150
those troublemakers for good,"
00:01:57.150 --> 00:02:00.060
sneered the Minister of Peace.
00:02:00.060 --> 00:02:01.350
Right, creepy, ew.
00:02:01.350 --> 00:02:03.330
I didn't even need to do the voice.
00:02:03.330 --> 00:02:05.580
Getting rid of troublemakers for good
00:02:05.580 --> 00:02:07.560
sounds pretty frightening.
00:02:07.560 --> 00:02:08.763
Not gonna lie.
00:02:09.900 --> 00:02:11.790
A less creepy example, you might see it
00:02:11.790 --> 00:02:14.347
in an advertising context, like,
00:02:14.347 --> 00:02:18.780
"This fabulous product eliminates
99% of household odors!"
00:02:18.780 --> 00:02:21.210
Fabulous little product in its spray can.
00:02:21.210 --> 00:02:23.490
It removes the odors.
00:02:23.490 --> 00:02:24.330
It takes them away.
00:02:24.330 --> 00:02:26.280
It puts them beyond the threshold,
00:02:26.280 --> 00:02:28.230
the limit of your awareness.
00:02:28.230 --> 00:02:31.860
I hope that this video has
eliminated any confusion
00:02:31.860 --> 00:02:34.710
about the meaning of the word eliminate.
00:02:34.710 --> 00:02:37.050
All right, I'm exiting now.
00:02:37.050 --> 00:02:39.270
Catch you in the next one.
00:02:39.270 --> 00:02:41.403
You can learn anything, David out.
|
Defiant | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vq64MQBtIGc | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=Vq64MQBtIGc&ei=n1WUZffsGYn6vdIP67GowAE&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=091E478934CD99B58E355E95722D28120330E423.CC00BE7B6934B4848B184D68FC2CE20355412C77&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.140 --> 00:00:02.730
- [David] To arms, wordsmiths!
00:00:02.730 --> 00:00:05.970
This video is about the word defiant.
00:00:05.970 --> 00:00:07.893
De-fi-ant.
00:00:08.820 --> 00:00:10.170
It's an adjective.
00:00:10.170 --> 00:00:13.050
This word means openly disobeying rules,
00:00:13.050 --> 00:00:15.570
pushing back against authority.
00:00:15.570 --> 00:00:18.480
This word comes to us from
French and ultimately Latin,
00:00:18.480 --> 00:00:22.470
a late Latin verb, disfidare, which means
00:00:22.470 --> 00:00:25.200
to renounce, to go back on one's faith.
00:00:25.200 --> 00:00:30.120
Fidus is Latin for faith or
trust and dis means not or away.
00:00:30.120 --> 00:00:32.430
So with that in mind, what
are some English words
00:00:32.430 --> 00:00:35.280
that you can think of that
contain those elements?
00:00:35.280 --> 00:00:37.170
Dis or fid?
00:00:37.170 --> 00:00:39.180
You're probably wondering
about dis and de,
00:00:39.180 --> 00:00:40.650
those are different sounds.
00:00:40.650 --> 00:00:42.390
They mean the exact same thing in Latin,
00:00:42.390 --> 00:00:44.430
they both mean not or away.
00:00:44.430 --> 00:00:45.960
I'll give you 10 seconds to think,
00:00:45.960 --> 00:00:48.240
and then show you what I came up with.
00:00:48.240 --> 00:00:49.201
Here we go.
00:00:49.201 --> 00:00:54.201
(instructor snaps fingers)
(futuristic upbeat music)
00:01:02.700 --> 00:01:03.930
Here's some of mine.
00:01:03.930 --> 00:01:05.130
Dislike, right?
00:01:05.130 --> 00:01:06.960
Not liking something.
00:01:06.960 --> 00:01:10.470
Fidelity, which is like
faithfulness or loyalty,
00:01:10.470 --> 00:01:13.950
and confidence, which is like
saying you trust yourself.
00:01:13.950 --> 00:01:15.600
You have faith in yourself.
00:01:15.600 --> 00:01:17.130
Let's use it in a sentence or two.
00:01:17.130 --> 00:01:19.740
In fact, let me show you a
couple of forms of this word
00:01:19.740 --> 00:01:23.430
'cause you can use it as
a verb, as defy or defies
00:01:23.430 --> 00:01:28.200
as in Luella defied her
father and snuck out at night.
00:01:28.200 --> 00:01:30.000
And then when we turn it
back into an adjective
00:01:30.000 --> 00:01:33.216
by adding that A-N-T ending,
we get defiant again.
00:01:33.216 --> 00:01:35.190
Plumeria Goodheart was defiant.
00:01:35.190 --> 00:01:37.830
She would never give
in to Lady Mordigaunt.
00:01:37.830 --> 00:01:40.080
Little hobbit-y woman over
her, brimming with goodness,
00:01:40.080 --> 00:01:42.967
big evil sorceress over here,
crackling with lightning.
00:01:42.967 --> 00:01:43.837
"Feel my wrath!"
00:01:43.837 --> 00:01:45.780
"I'll never join you,"
et cetera, et cetera.
00:01:45.780 --> 00:01:46.680
You get the picture.
00:01:46.680 --> 00:01:51.540
To be defiant is to be bold,
audacious, rebellious, unruly.
00:01:51.540 --> 00:01:56.540
A defiant person openly flouts
rules and fights authority.
00:01:56.880 --> 00:02:01.290
So when you wanna turn that
adjective defiant into a noun,
00:02:01.290 --> 00:02:04.230
you turn the A-N-T into A-N-C-E.
00:02:04.230 --> 00:02:06.810
Defiant becomes defiance.
00:02:06.810 --> 00:02:09.390
That's how you talk about it as a noun.
00:02:09.390 --> 00:02:10.890
Let me use it in a sentence.
00:02:10.890 --> 00:02:14.280
The rebels showed their
defiance through performances
00:02:14.280 --> 00:02:16.260
of forbidden dance.
00:02:16.260 --> 00:02:18.240
The most forbidden dance
of all is the dance
00:02:18.240 --> 00:02:20.250
of neurons blazing through your mind
00:02:20.250 --> 00:02:21.510
as they make new connections.
00:02:21.510 --> 00:02:23.640
Sparks flying in the deepness of your mind
00:02:23.640 --> 00:02:25.890
as your brain becomes a
bright shimmering beacon
00:02:25.890 --> 00:02:26.940
of knowledge.
00:02:26.940 --> 00:02:30.390
The rumba of rumination,
the bachata of brilliance,
00:02:30.390 --> 00:02:33.570
the lambada of learning.
00:02:33.570 --> 00:02:36.813
You can learn anything, David out.
|
Invalid | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XWYe2AVlyg0 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=XWYe2AVlyg0&ei=n1WUZdW2I9LgxN8PqeqkiA0&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=5E228FB3D59AA12E982028E875D7234AC52429B2.6440D8C0209B29D98C74AAF1FE58901E2BF14834&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.930 --> 00:00:02.550
- [David] Hello, Wordsmiths.
00:00:02.550 --> 00:00:05.670
The word we're featuring
in this video is invalid.
00:00:05.670 --> 00:00:07.230
That's right, it's not true.
00:00:07.230 --> 00:00:10.950
Or rather, that's what it means, invalid.
00:00:10.950 --> 00:00:14.550
Incorrect, false, not accepted.
00:00:14.550 --> 00:00:16.290
It's an adjective.
00:00:16.290 --> 00:00:20.280
It comes from Latin where
the prefix in means not,
00:00:20.280 --> 00:00:23.250
and the word validus means strong.
00:00:23.250 --> 00:00:26.520
So it literally means not strong or weak.
00:00:26.520 --> 00:00:28.920
A weak argument, a weak law,
00:00:28.920 --> 00:00:30.960
someone's argument might be invalid
00:00:30.960 --> 00:00:34.050
because it was based on faulty evidence.
00:00:34.050 --> 00:00:35.730
When you look at invalid,
00:00:35.730 --> 00:00:38.430
can you recognize any other English words,
00:00:38.430 --> 00:00:41.133
anything with in or vow in it?
00:00:42.210 --> 00:00:45.120
Take 10 seconds of this
music break to come up
00:00:45.120 --> 00:00:47.070
with some possibilities.
00:00:47.070 --> 00:00:48.037
Here we go.
00:00:48.037 --> 00:00:50.620
(upbeat music)
00:00:59.460 --> 00:01:03.120
Validate, right to prove that
something's right or true.
00:01:03.120 --> 00:01:05.070
I validate your parking.
00:01:05.070 --> 00:01:07.200
I validate your feelings.
00:01:07.200 --> 00:01:09.100
Get you with the big validation stamp.
00:01:10.110 --> 00:01:13.770
Value, meaning something
that has worth, right?
00:01:13.770 --> 00:01:15.840
Strength in worth.
00:01:15.840 --> 00:01:19.350
And inability, which is when
you cannot do something.
00:01:19.350 --> 00:01:21.480
There's ability, right,
when it can do a thing.
00:01:21.480 --> 00:01:25.410
And inability, which is its opposite.
00:01:25.410 --> 00:01:29.100
Let's spend some time
talking about that in prefix,
00:01:29.100 --> 00:01:31.830
honestly, because it can get confusing.
00:01:31.830 --> 00:01:34.590
There are two different
prefixes in English,
00:01:34.590 --> 00:01:36.720
both coming from Latin that are spelled
00:01:36.720 --> 00:01:38.460
and pronounced the same way.
00:01:38.460 --> 00:01:42.690
Both in, I-N, that have
different meanings.
00:01:42.690 --> 00:01:47.310
In, or sometimes I'm, I-M, means not.
00:01:47.310 --> 00:01:50.220
Exactly like the native English, un.
00:01:50.220 --> 00:01:52.953
Like unlikeable, unlovely.
00:01:53.970 --> 00:01:58.860
Think invalid, impolite,
infrequent, right.
00:01:58.860 --> 00:02:02.070
Not correct, not polite, not frequent.
00:02:02.070 --> 00:02:06.243
And then there's in,
I-N, that means inside.
00:02:07.200 --> 00:02:09.753
This also sometimes appears as E-N, en,
00:02:11.400 --> 00:02:13.620
like insight looking inward
00:02:13.620 --> 00:02:17.040
or insert, which is to put
something into something else.
00:02:17.040 --> 00:02:21.930
Or with the E-N, you can
have it as enlist or enrich.
00:02:21.930 --> 00:02:26.220
But today in this video,
we're talking about the in
00:02:26.220 --> 00:02:28.080
that means un.
00:02:28.080 --> 00:02:30.240
The in that means not.
00:02:30.240 --> 00:02:33.330
We'll return to this topic
for sure in other videos.
00:02:33.330 --> 00:02:36.720
Now let's use invalid in a sentence.
00:02:36.720 --> 00:02:37.920
I can't log in.
00:02:37.920 --> 00:02:41.070
It says my password is invalid.
00:02:41.070 --> 00:02:42.090
Makes you furious.
00:02:42.090 --> 00:02:44.640
When something's invalid, it doesn't work.
00:02:44.640 --> 00:02:45.473
It isn't correct.
00:02:45.473 --> 00:02:48.360
When it's valid, it's
proper and appropriate.
00:02:48.360 --> 00:02:51.510
But when it's invalid,
it won't be accepted.
00:02:51.510 --> 00:02:52.890
It's no good.
00:02:52.890 --> 00:02:54.510
You know what is good though?
00:02:54.510 --> 00:02:57.090
You, you're good.
00:02:57.090 --> 00:02:59.580
I believe in you and
the vocabulary journey
00:02:59.580 --> 00:03:01.440
that we are on together.
00:03:01.440 --> 00:03:03.993
You can learn anything, David, out.
|
Policy | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DKgf5xh3Vfg | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=DKgf5xh3Vfg&ei=n1WUZYOrIMK7vdIPja-mkAQ&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=85CE19471B124ADB90E45206EAB4F94EA9AA3F02.74CCF7A7765D6976FBAD2B00D7AE735418988048&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.080 --> 00:00:02.640
- [Instructor] Hello, wordsmiths.
00:00:02.640 --> 00:00:06.195
The word we're featuring
in this video is policy,
00:00:06.195 --> 00:00:10.489
which means an official
rule or set of rules.
00:00:10.489 --> 00:00:12.297
Policy.
00:00:12.297 --> 00:00:13.383
It's a noun.
00:00:14.400 --> 00:00:16.620
It comes from the Greek word polis,
00:00:16.620 --> 00:00:18.930
which means city.
00:00:18.930 --> 00:00:21.723
As a root, has to do with
cities and government.
00:00:22.650 --> 00:00:25.500
I live in Washington, DC so
when I think of this root,
00:00:25.500 --> 00:00:28.290
I think of the capitol building itself,
00:00:28.290 --> 00:00:30.600
a government building in
the middle of the city,
00:00:30.600 --> 00:00:34.490
where rules or policies are created.
00:00:34.490 --> 00:00:37.500
Can you think of words that
sound similar to policy
00:00:37.500 --> 00:00:39.543
that might have that same root, polis?
00:00:39.543 --> 00:00:43.230
Bear in mind that sometimes
we drop the S in polis
00:00:43.230 --> 00:00:44.580
when making new words.
00:00:44.580 --> 00:00:47.490
I'll give you 10 seconds to list some out.
00:00:47.490 --> 00:00:49.097
Cue the music wall.
00:00:49.097 --> 00:00:51.597
(light music)
00:01:00.248 --> 00:01:04.350
Here are three related words I thought of.
00:01:04.350 --> 00:01:07.950
Police, the people who enforce the law,
00:01:07.950 --> 00:01:11.400
politics, or how people
make decisions together
00:01:11.400 --> 00:01:16.400
in a society and metropolis, a huge city.
00:01:17.370 --> 00:01:19.920
So you can see how all of
those words are related
00:01:19.920 --> 00:01:22.230
to governments or cities.
00:01:22.230 --> 00:01:25.803
Let's use policy in a sentence
so you can get a sense of it.
00:01:26.670 --> 00:01:28.500
It's a state policy in Florida
00:01:28.500 --> 00:01:31.920
that if you encounter
a manatee in the wild,
00:01:31.920 --> 00:01:34.080
you have to give her $10.
00:01:34.080 --> 00:01:36.960
The connotation, the feeling of policy is
00:01:36.960 --> 00:01:38.370
that it's an official rule.
00:01:38.370 --> 00:01:39.810
So something that a business
00:01:39.810 --> 00:01:41.640
or a government might come up with.
00:01:41.640 --> 00:01:45.330
A restaurant might have a strict
policy against bringing in
00:01:45.330 --> 00:01:47.460
some other restaurant's food.
00:01:47.460 --> 00:01:51.270
Our policy: no outside food or drink.
00:01:51.270 --> 00:01:52.920
Oh no, this manatee went into a restaurant
00:01:52.920 --> 00:01:55.350
with food from another establishment.
00:01:55.350 --> 00:01:59.430
The D stands for Dugong, which
is another kind of sea cow.
00:01:59.430 --> 00:02:01.290
That's all the time
we've got for this one.
00:02:01.290 --> 00:02:03.390
Tip your server, support
your local manatee,
00:02:03.390 --> 00:02:05.730
and you can learn anything.
00:02:05.730 --> 00:02:06.563
David out.
|
Align | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7hRMwFVTrtc | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=7hRMwFVTrtc&ei=n1WUZZSrHeGdp-oPrsGD6Ak&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=20397BB09D5863734DEEFE03D452BA873FC18F6E.9D7ADAF29972E52419C10BA364BEF1AF242E3471&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.090 --> 00:00:01.260
- [David] Hey, there, Wordsmiths.
00:00:01.260 --> 00:00:04.187
This video is about the word align, align.
00:00:05.460 --> 00:00:06.900
This word has two definitions.
00:00:06.900 --> 00:00:11.900
The first is to support, ally
or associate with someone.
00:00:11.910 --> 00:00:13.140
And the second definition
00:00:13.140 --> 00:00:14.820
is to put things in a straight line.
00:00:14.820 --> 00:00:17.010
That's its literal definition.
00:00:17.010 --> 00:00:20.010
It comes from the Latin
lin, which means line.
00:00:20.010 --> 00:00:23.640
It's a very useful little
word and it is a verb.
00:00:23.640 --> 00:00:26.310
Now, I'm gonna throw y'all
a ten second music break
00:00:26.310 --> 00:00:27.510
and in that time,
00:00:27.510 --> 00:00:31.525
see how many words you can
come up with that use lin.
00:00:31.525 --> 00:00:34.191
Please, Mr. Music, won't you play?
00:00:34.191 --> 00:00:37.358
(bright upbeat music)
00:00:45.000 --> 00:00:46.890
Here are some words I
came up with earlier,
00:00:46.890 --> 00:00:48.240
cooking show style.
00:00:48.240 --> 00:00:50.400
Linear, which means in a straight line,
00:00:50.400 --> 00:00:53.310
to delineate, which means
to describe in detail
00:00:53.310 --> 00:00:54.660
or draw out borders
00:00:54.660 --> 00:00:57.480
and perhaps, obviously,
the word line itself.
00:00:57.480 --> 00:00:59.190
But let's dive into align
00:00:59.190 --> 00:01:00.570
because if you're anything like me,
00:01:00.570 --> 00:01:03.633
you're wondering about
that G, why isn't it align?
00:01:04.560 --> 00:01:06.270
I will spare you the lecture
00:01:06.270 --> 00:01:08.580
and say simply that it came from French.
00:01:08.580 --> 00:01:09.570
Don't worry about it.
00:01:09.570 --> 00:01:12.510
We just don't say it, in the
same way we don't say the G
00:01:12.510 --> 00:01:16.680
in sign, or, at least, we
don't say it as a /g/ sound.
00:01:16.680 --> 00:01:18.180
I find this stuff fascinating.
00:01:18.180 --> 00:01:20.430
I could basically keep
talking about this forever,
00:01:20.430 --> 00:01:23.190
but I'm trying to keep these
videos short and snackable.
00:01:23.190 --> 00:01:26.610
So let's use align in some sentences.
00:01:26.610 --> 00:01:28.200
You can use it literally, right?
00:01:28.200 --> 00:01:29.550
Like, all lined up.
00:01:29.550 --> 00:01:30.840
When the planet's aligned,
00:01:30.840 --> 00:01:32.790
are powers we're at their greatest, right?
00:01:32.790 --> 00:01:35.190
You can draw a straight line from Neptune
00:01:35.190 --> 00:01:38.760
straight through to the
sun, straight enough.
00:01:38.760 --> 00:01:41.223
The planets aligned,
00:01:42.540 --> 00:01:45.900
but you can also use it
figuratively, non literally
00:01:45.900 --> 00:01:47.685
to say that people agree.
00:01:47.685 --> 00:01:50.520
Jamelle and I aligned on the fact
00:01:50.520 --> 00:01:53.610
that the cereal milk is
the best part of breakfast.
00:01:53.610 --> 00:01:56.550
Here we are, in fact, in agreement,
00:01:56.550 --> 00:01:59.310
in alignment, in fact,
I'll write that down.
00:01:59.310 --> 00:02:00.900
So this is the noun form.
00:02:00.900 --> 00:02:05.900
We've added -ment to turn it
into a noun, in alignment.
00:02:06.030 --> 00:02:07.980
And one last sentence.
00:02:07.980 --> 00:02:11.220
Supriya had to align
with the other rebels.
00:02:11.220 --> 00:02:14.310
She had to get in line,
they had to link up.
00:02:14.310 --> 00:02:17.340
So I hope you and I are
all aligned on the meaning
00:02:17.340 --> 00:02:19.470
of this word, because I am out of time.
00:02:19.470 --> 00:02:22.140
Until the next one,
you can learn anything.
00:02:22.140 --> 00:02:22.973
David, out.
|
Regulate | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmn4DvB3djU | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=hmn4DvB3djU&ei=n1WUZa-kHPTDmLAPrcCsoAU&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=D5EFF6BC39F0CBC91265562861D3A111B30E66A3.ACA5B061C66461524A50625FD80B3333F431F4C3&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.210 --> 00:00:01.890
- [David] All right,
wordsmiths, what's up?
00:00:01.890 --> 00:00:04.530
The word of the day today is regulate.
00:00:04.530 --> 00:00:07.923
It means to make rules
that control something.
00:00:08.880 --> 00:00:10.680
I'll throw in a 10-second music break.
00:00:10.680 --> 00:00:15.000
Tell me if you can identify
any other common English words
00:00:15.000 --> 00:00:17.220
that start with reg.
00:00:17.220 --> 00:00:19.882
All right, here we go, music break.
00:00:19.882 --> 00:00:28.444
(groovy music made by my wonderful colleague Walt)
00:00:30.150 --> 00:00:33.180
All right, so some
related words are regular,
00:00:33.180 --> 00:00:34.620
regiment, regime.
00:00:34.620 --> 00:00:38.130
All of these words are
related to control or order.
00:00:38.130 --> 00:00:40.440
Regulate comes from the Latin root reg,
00:00:40.440 --> 00:00:42.690
meaning straight like a ruler.
00:00:42.690 --> 00:00:46.140
Something that's regular
follows a rule or a pattern.
00:00:46.140 --> 00:00:47.490
It's predictable.
00:00:47.490 --> 00:00:49.590
So something that is regulated
00:00:49.590 --> 00:00:51.450
has been controlled by a rule.
00:00:51.450 --> 00:00:53.310
That's what that ate part means.
00:00:53.310 --> 00:00:55.380
It's a word part that makes a verb,
00:00:55.380 --> 00:00:58.140
because regulate is a
verb, it's an action word.
00:00:58.140 --> 00:01:00.420
So let's use regulate in some sentences.
00:01:00.420 --> 00:01:02.317
You can use it in a literal sense like
00:01:02.317 --> 00:01:06.030
"This valve regulates how much
fuel goes into the engine."
00:01:06.030 --> 00:01:09.150
It is literally controlling
the rate of fuel release.
00:01:09.150 --> 00:01:12.240
But you can also use regulate
to refer to lawmaking.
00:01:12.240 --> 00:01:13.980
And I can use another word part
00:01:13.980 --> 00:01:16.470
to make this verb into a noun.
00:01:16.470 --> 00:01:18.300
Okay, so we've got the word regulate,
00:01:18.300 --> 00:01:20.710
and let me lop off the E on the end
00:01:21.960 --> 00:01:24.240
and add I-O-N.
00:01:24.240 --> 00:01:27.240
And now it's a noun, regulation.
00:01:27.240 --> 00:01:29.737
Another word for a legal rule.
00:01:29.737 --> 00:01:32.070
"State regulations only allow you to catch
00:01:32.070 --> 00:01:33.030
three fish a week."
00:01:33.030 --> 00:01:35.700
So here's two fisherfolk, doot, doot.
00:01:35.700 --> 00:01:39.810
This woman has three fish, so she's fine.
00:01:39.810 --> 00:01:41.340
This man has four fish,
00:01:41.340 --> 00:01:44.910
so he's probably gonna get a
fine from Fish and Wildlife
00:01:44.910 --> 00:01:47.130
because he didn't adhere
to the regulations.
00:01:47.130 --> 00:01:50.520
Sorry pal, you've been
canceled by the government.
00:01:50.520 --> 00:01:53.193
All right, you can learn
anything, David out.
|
Le Châtelier's principle | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2pP02GEZL4 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=B2pP02GEZL4&ei=n1WUZeyZH9LCp-oP7YuDWA&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=24DB29D1BDA27369B5F00D4BB646ABFB7D66FD37.60F2D8E777AD715506B03D7A57A6EA975B87D382&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.176 --> 00:00:03.900
- [Instructor] Let's imagine a reaction
00:00:03.900 --> 00:00:05.400
that is in equilibrium.
00:00:05.400 --> 00:00:10.400
So A plus B, they can
react to form C plus D,
00:00:10.530 --> 00:00:11.850
or you could go the other way around.
00:00:11.850 --> 00:00:15.390
C plus D could react to form A plus B.
00:00:15.390 --> 00:00:17.670
And we assume that
they've all been hanging
00:00:17.670 --> 00:00:20.490
around long enough for
this to be in equilibrium
00:00:20.490 --> 00:00:24.060
so that the reaction that goes
from A plus B to C plus D,
00:00:24.060 --> 00:00:25.530
it's happening at the same rate
00:00:25.530 --> 00:00:29.790
as the reaction from C plus D to A plus B.
00:00:29.790 --> 00:00:31.800
Now what we're gonna do is imagine
00:00:31.800 --> 00:00:35.520
what would happen if we
disturb this equilibrium,
00:00:35.520 --> 00:00:37.980
and let's say we disturb this equilibrium
00:00:37.980 --> 00:00:42.960
by taking some C and D out of,
00:00:42.960 --> 00:00:45.210
let's say this was a
solution of some kind.
00:00:45.210 --> 00:00:50.190
So I just one time reduced
the concentration of C and D.
00:00:50.190 --> 00:00:51.900
Well, that disturbance, first of all,
00:00:51.900 --> 00:00:54.300
is going to throw us out of equilibrium,
00:00:54.300 --> 00:00:57.000
because now the reaction
that goes from C plus D
00:00:57.000 --> 00:01:00.060
to A plus B isn't going to
be able to happen as often.
00:01:00.060 --> 00:01:01.740
'Cause I just took C and D out,
00:01:01.740 --> 00:01:04.080
they're not going to bump
into each other enough
00:01:04.080 --> 00:01:07.470
to now form A and B at the same rate.
00:01:07.470 --> 00:01:09.870
So if you think about the net direction
00:01:09.870 --> 00:01:11.790
until we hit a new equilibrium,
00:01:11.790 --> 00:01:13.620
this is going to happen less.
00:01:13.620 --> 00:01:15.300
and this, initially, is going
00:01:15.300 --> 00:01:16.920
to be happening at the same amount.
00:01:16.920 --> 00:01:19.950
So you're going to have a net direction
00:01:19.950 --> 00:01:22.020
until we hit equilibrium again
00:01:22.020 --> 00:01:26.040
that goes from A plus B to C plus D.
00:01:26.040 --> 00:01:27.240
And then if you wait long enough,
00:01:27.240 --> 00:01:29.940
you're going to hit
back at an equilibrium.
00:01:29.940 --> 00:01:31.830
Now, let's think about what just happened.
00:01:31.830 --> 00:01:35.400
We disturbed the equilibrium
by taking C and D out.
00:01:35.400 --> 00:01:37.500
Until we hit our new equilibrium,
00:01:37.500 --> 00:01:41.010
we have more of the
reaction going from A plus B
00:01:41.010 --> 00:01:43.500
to C plus D on a net basis.
00:01:43.500 --> 00:01:44.790
And so it's relieving it.
00:01:44.790 --> 00:01:48.540
It's relieving the fact that
we took some C plus D out.
00:01:48.540 --> 00:01:51.840
And it's going to reestablish
a new equilibrium.
00:01:51.840 --> 00:01:54.720
If we took A plus B out, or A and B out,
00:01:54.720 --> 00:01:57.420
or even just one of them, A or B out,
00:01:57.420 --> 00:01:59.430
then you would have the opposite happen.
00:01:59.430 --> 00:02:01.560
But either way, if you disturb it,
00:02:01.560 --> 00:02:04.350
the system shifts to
relieve the disturbance
00:02:04.350 --> 00:02:06.570
and re-establish equilibrium.
00:02:06.570 --> 00:02:08.640
Now this principle, you might imagine,
00:02:08.640 --> 00:02:10.440
'cause it's been sitting
here the whole time,
00:02:10.440 --> 00:02:14.490
is Le Chatelier's Principle
that describes that.
00:02:14.490 --> 00:02:17.520
And it's not just by
disturbing it by changing,
00:02:17.520 --> 00:02:21.180
say, concentrations of
reactants or products.
00:02:21.180 --> 00:02:23.010
You could be changing other things.
00:02:23.010 --> 00:02:27.330
So for example, let's imagine
the reversible reaction,
00:02:27.330 --> 00:02:31.350
let's say A plus B, and let's
say these are all gases.
00:02:31.350 --> 00:02:34.650
So A plus B can react to form C,
00:02:34.650 --> 00:02:37.260
or C could react to,
00:02:37.260 --> 00:02:40.050
I guess you could imagine,
break up into A plus B.
00:02:40.050 --> 00:02:42.513
And let's imagine that
these are all gases.
00:02:43.470 --> 00:02:45.000
So let's assume that it's happening
00:02:45.000 --> 00:02:47.670
in a container of a certain size.
00:02:47.670 --> 00:02:50.580
And let's say that I were to shrink
00:02:50.580 --> 00:02:52.920
the volume of that container.
00:02:52.920 --> 00:02:56.160
What do you think is going
to happen in that situation?
00:02:56.160 --> 00:02:59.880
Well, if I shrink the
volume of that container,
00:02:59.880 --> 00:03:02.370
then you have a situation where A and B
00:03:02.370 --> 00:03:04.140
are going to bump into each other more.
00:03:04.140 --> 00:03:06.540
They're going to collide
into each other more.
00:03:06.540 --> 00:03:11.540
And so you are going to have a
net direction go in that one.
00:03:11.580 --> 00:03:16.580
You'll still have some C reacting
to break up into A and B,
00:03:16.650 --> 00:03:19.230
but you're going to have
more A and B reacting,
00:03:19.230 --> 00:03:21.810
bumping into each other,
colliding each other to form C,
00:03:21.810 --> 00:03:24.240
until we hit a new equilibrium.
00:03:24.240 --> 00:03:26.880
And notice what is happening there.
00:03:26.880 --> 00:03:30.060
When A plus B reacts to form C,
00:03:30.060 --> 00:03:33.150
it decreases the number of
particles in the container
00:03:33.150 --> 00:03:35.760
and it decreases the pressure.
00:03:35.760 --> 00:03:39.810
And so, eventually you're
going to hit a new equilibrium.
00:03:39.810 --> 00:03:41.760
But when you disturb that equilibrium
00:03:41.760 --> 00:03:43.470
by changing the volume,
00:03:43.470 --> 00:03:46.740
the system shifted to
relieve that disturbance.
00:03:46.740 --> 00:03:49.860
In that case, the disturbance
was an increased pressure
00:03:49.860 --> 00:03:52.233
and it reestablished the equilibrium.
00:03:53.070 --> 00:03:55.110
Let's imagine another reaction.
00:03:55.110 --> 00:03:58.590
Let's imagine A plus B.
00:03:58.590 --> 00:04:00.840
And let's say this is
an endothermic reaction.
00:04:00.840 --> 00:04:04.830
So I'm gonna treat energy
really as a reactant here.
00:04:04.830 --> 00:04:07.324
Just to make it clear that
this is an endothermic reaction
00:04:07.324 --> 00:04:10.470
that could form C plus D.
00:04:10.470 --> 00:04:13.710
Or you could have C plus D react
00:04:13.710 --> 00:04:15.750
to form A plus B plus energy.
00:04:15.750 --> 00:04:18.180
So the reaction that starts with C plus D
00:04:18.180 --> 00:04:20.370
and forms A plus B in energy,
00:04:20.370 --> 00:04:23.010
well, that's going to be exothermic.
00:04:23.010 --> 00:04:25.800
So let's imagine what would happen here,
00:04:25.800 --> 00:04:27.900
and let's imagine it's at equilibrium,
00:04:27.900 --> 00:04:30.180
but then we disturb that equilibrium.
00:04:30.180 --> 00:04:32.610
What happens if we
disturb that equilibrium
00:04:32.610 --> 00:04:36.570
by adding more energy over here?
00:04:36.570 --> 00:04:38.837
Well, if I add more energy,
00:04:38.837 --> 00:04:40.410
it's going to be easier
00:04:40.410 --> 00:04:43.710
for this endothermic reaction to occur,
00:04:43.710 --> 00:04:46.110
and so it's going to
disturb the equilibrium
00:04:46.110 --> 00:04:49.140
in that direction right over there.
00:04:49.140 --> 00:04:53.370
And so you're going to have
that energy really get used up
00:04:53.370 --> 00:04:55.590
to form more C and D.
00:04:55.590 --> 00:04:57.570
You could imagine the other way.
00:04:57.570 --> 00:05:00.660
What happens if I were
to take energy away?
00:05:00.660 --> 00:05:05.660
Well, you need energy for A and
B to react to form C plus D.
00:05:05.700 --> 00:05:08.040
So if you were to take energy away,
00:05:08.040 --> 00:05:10.860
then the reaction that starts with A and B
00:05:10.860 --> 00:05:12.600
is going to happen less.
00:05:12.600 --> 00:05:15.180
And so you're gonna have a net direction
00:05:15.180 --> 00:05:19.110
with C plus D reacting to form A plus B
00:05:19.110 --> 00:05:21.540
until you hit a new equilibrium.
00:05:21.540 --> 00:05:23.430
But the important thing to realize here
00:05:23.430 --> 00:05:25.050
is in every situation,
00:05:25.050 --> 00:05:26.700
whether we're disturbing the equilibrium
00:05:26.700 --> 00:05:29.550
by changing concentration,
by changing volume,
00:05:29.550 --> 00:05:31.380
and therefore changing pressure,
00:05:31.380 --> 00:05:33.750
or you're adding or taking away energy,
00:05:33.750 --> 00:05:36.300
which you could do in the form
of changing the temperature,
00:05:36.300 --> 00:05:39.900
the system shifts to
relieve that disturbance
00:05:39.900 --> 00:05:42.510
and re-establish a new equilibrium,
00:05:42.510 --> 00:05:45.303
which, once again, is Le
Chatelier's Principle.
|
Reversible reactions and equilibrium | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i_LCF8gmcWQ | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=i_LCF8gmcWQ&ei=n1WUZYq_IoHSxN8Pg6KsuAY&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=B21B1AB456151AB8A1C9545AA27F44921AF5D5B0.E77CFDD8FA9EFEC9C31C17C047BA193DED5C3C60&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.630 --> 00:00:02.130
- [Instructor] Let's imagine a reaction
00:00:02.130 --> 00:00:06.270
where we start with the reactants A and B,
00:00:06.270 --> 00:00:11.270
and they react to form
the products C and D.
00:00:12.660 --> 00:00:16.350
Now, it turns out that
in certain situations,
00:00:16.350 --> 00:00:19.290
the reaction could go the other way.
00:00:19.290 --> 00:00:22.470
You could start with C + D,
00:00:22.470 --> 00:00:27.470
and those could react
to end up with A + B.
00:00:27.660 --> 00:00:29.490
So when you have a reaction like this,
00:00:29.490 --> 00:00:31.230
that could go in either direction,
00:00:31.230 --> 00:00:33.870
we call that a reversible reaction.
00:00:33.870 --> 00:00:35.700
And that's why the title of this video,
00:00:35.700 --> 00:00:38.430
Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium.
00:00:38.430 --> 00:00:42.390
And one way to say that it
could go in either direction is
00:00:42.390 --> 00:00:46.620
to write it like this, A + B.
00:00:46.620 --> 00:00:48.720
And we use these half arrows.
00:00:48.720 --> 00:00:50.160
So it could go in that direction,
00:00:50.160 --> 00:00:53.340
or it could go in this direction.
00:00:53.340 --> 00:00:56.250
You could go to C + D.
00:00:56.250 --> 00:00:58.410
And what's going to happen is
00:00:58.410 --> 00:01:02.640
the reaction is going to
go in both directions.
00:01:02.640 --> 00:01:06.600
So A + B is going to react to form C + D,
00:01:06.600 --> 00:01:11.600
and C + D is going to react to form A + B.
00:01:11.610 --> 00:01:12.690
And at some point,
00:01:12.690 --> 00:01:15.090
you're going to be hitting an equilibrium.
00:01:15.090 --> 00:01:17.820
That's the point at which the
forward reaction is happening
00:01:17.820 --> 00:01:19.740
at the same rate as,
00:01:19.740 --> 00:01:22.530
I guess you could consider it
to be the backward reaction,
00:01:22.530 --> 00:01:25.650
going from C + D to A + B.
00:01:25.650 --> 00:01:27.270
Now, once you're at equilibrium,
00:01:27.270 --> 00:01:29.460
it doesn't mean that the reactions stop.
00:01:29.460 --> 00:01:33.960
It just means that the rate of
going from A + B to C + D is
00:01:33.960 --> 00:01:38.960
the same as the rate of
going from C + D to A + B.
00:01:39.120 --> 00:01:41.640
This is a really important
thing to realize.
00:01:41.640 --> 00:01:43.890
A common misconception
is that people think,
00:01:43.890 --> 00:01:47.880
at equilibrium, somehow
these reactions stop.
00:01:47.880 --> 00:01:49.320
That is not the case.
00:01:49.320 --> 00:01:52.050
It's just that the rate
of the forward reaction
00:01:52.050 --> 00:01:56.460
and the backward reaction
has now become the same rate.
00:01:56.460 --> 00:02:00.840
So even though you continue
to have A + B forming C + D,
00:02:00.840 --> 00:02:04.800
you have the same rate at
which C + D is now also going
00:02:04.800 --> 00:02:07.740
and forming A + B.
00:02:07.740 --> 00:02:11.520
Another misconception here
is that the concentrations
00:02:11.520 --> 00:02:14.670
of A + B and C + D, once
you're in equilibrium,
00:02:14.670 --> 00:02:16.410
they would've stabilized,
00:02:16.410 --> 00:02:20.460
but it's not necessarily that
the concentrations are equal.
00:02:20.460 --> 00:02:22.080
The point at which we're in equilibrium,
00:02:22.080 --> 00:02:25.290
you might have a much lower
concentration of C + D
00:02:25.290 --> 00:02:27.960
than A + B, or the other way around.
00:02:27.960 --> 00:02:31.200
What equilibrium is telling
us is that at equilibrium,
00:02:31.200 --> 00:02:33.450
the forward rate of reaction is equal
00:02:33.450 --> 00:02:36.603
to the backward rate of reaction.
|
Catalysts | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TuPmpNfoX8 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=8TuPmpNfoX8&ei=n1WUZcz0GtqzvdIPsJ228A4&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=CD912EA9E1893282C6D1A74E5392D18F2121F864.B37CA20FA446F610A60BC2C38958DEDAF37A4713&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.180 --> 00:00:01.013
- [Instructor] In this video,
00:00:01.013 --> 00:00:04.050
we're gonna talk a little
bit about catalysts.
00:00:04.050 --> 00:00:08.430
So let's first imagine
that we have two reactants,
00:00:08.430 --> 00:00:09.930
and I'm going to simplify things
00:00:09.930 --> 00:00:12.210
with these overly simplified drawings.
00:00:12.210 --> 00:00:15.720
So let's say you have this
reactant right over here,
00:00:15.720 --> 00:00:17.580
and I'm drawing it that way for a reason.
00:00:17.580 --> 00:00:20.370
And then let's say I have this reactant
00:00:20.370 --> 00:00:23.940
that looks something like this.
00:00:23.940 --> 00:00:26.340
And obviously if we're talking
about a chemical reaction,
00:00:26.340 --> 00:00:28.260
we're not usually talking about just
00:00:28.260 --> 00:00:29.820
two different molecules.
00:00:29.820 --> 00:00:34.170
We're talking about many
trillions of molecules
00:00:34.170 --> 00:00:37.020
that are oftentimes in
some form of a solution.
00:00:37.020 --> 00:00:40.770
But here we're just giving an
example of one of each types
00:00:40.770 --> 00:00:42.780
of the reactant molecules.
00:00:42.780 --> 00:00:47.010
So let's imagine that if they are able to
00:00:47.010 --> 00:00:50.190
run into each other with sufficient energy
00:00:50.190 --> 00:00:53.040
and with the right
orientation, they're going
00:00:53.040 --> 00:00:55.200
to bond with each other.
00:00:55.200 --> 00:00:58.800
So these two reactants would react
00:00:58.800 --> 00:01:02.460
to form this product that looks like this.
00:01:02.460 --> 00:01:07.460
And obviously, as I mentioned,
this is a oversimplification,
00:01:07.500 --> 00:01:10.530
but it gives you the general idea.
00:01:10.530 --> 00:01:15.530
So it might form a molecule
that looks like that.
00:01:15.540 --> 00:01:19.230
Now, as we mentioned, it
has to have the right energy
00:01:19.230 --> 00:01:21.420
and the right orientation.
00:01:21.420 --> 00:01:26.420
So we can think about this
in terms of an energy diagram
00:01:26.527 --> 00:01:30.180
right over here, where in
this axis, let's call this
00:01:30.180 --> 00:01:33.180
the progress,
00:01:33.180 --> 00:01:36.633
progress of reaction.
00:01:37.770 --> 00:01:41.673
And in this axis, let's just say energy.
00:01:43.470 --> 00:01:45.150
Energy.
00:01:45.150 --> 00:01:47.730
Now we have our reactants
00:01:47.730 --> 00:01:49.950
that are at a certain
energy level when they are
00:01:49.950 --> 00:01:52.200
left to their own devices.
00:01:52.200 --> 00:01:56.910
But if they have enough
energy added to the system,
00:01:56.910 --> 00:01:59.640
they are able to react.
00:01:59.640 --> 00:02:01.950
And then after they react,
00:02:01.950 --> 00:02:04.350
the product will have a certain energy.
00:02:04.350 --> 00:02:05.550
So this is a reaction where we've had
00:02:05.550 --> 00:02:07.680
to put energy into the reaction
00:02:07.680 --> 00:02:11.490
'cause the products have a
higher energy than the reactants.
00:02:11.490 --> 00:02:13.110
So this is the prod.
00:02:13.110 --> 00:02:14.520
In this case, there's just one product,
00:02:14.520 --> 00:02:15.750
let's call it products.
00:02:15.750 --> 00:02:18.273
And let's call this reactants.
00:02:19.380 --> 00:02:21.330
Now this hump over here where we have
00:02:21.330 --> 00:02:23.640
to put even more energy than we end up
00:02:23.640 --> 00:02:26.280
with our products at the end, we call
00:02:26.280 --> 00:02:29.200
that the activation energy, the energy
00:02:29.200 --> 00:02:31.020
that you need in order
00:02:31.020 --> 00:02:34.320
to make this reaction
happen from left to right.
00:02:34.320 --> 00:02:38.613
So this right over here
is the activation energy.
00:02:39.870 --> 00:02:42.393
Activation energy.
00:02:43.230 --> 00:02:47.280
Now I said that this video was
going to be about catalysts.
00:02:47.280 --> 00:02:49.380
What does a catalyst do?
00:02:49.380 --> 00:02:51.750
Well, a catalyst can lower
00:02:51.750 --> 00:02:55.290
the activation energy for a reaction.
00:02:55.290 --> 00:02:57.450
It's not a part of the reaction.
00:02:57.450 --> 00:02:59.070
You could view it as a bystander.
00:02:59.070 --> 00:03:01.590
It's something that's
helping the reaction happen.
00:03:01.590 --> 00:03:04.110
It's not getting used up in the reaction,
00:03:04.110 --> 00:03:06.120
it's not getting produced in the reaction.
00:03:06.120 --> 00:03:08.340
It's just helping the reaction happen.
00:03:08.340 --> 00:03:11.730
And it would help it by
lowering that activation energy.
00:03:11.730 --> 00:03:13.980
So if you have the presence of a catalyst,
00:03:13.980 --> 00:03:16.380
it might look something like this.
00:03:16.380 --> 00:03:17.880
So all of a sudden you need less energy
00:03:17.880 --> 00:03:20.790
to get over this hump
and to form the products.
00:03:20.790 --> 00:03:24.120
Now what could a catalyst
actually be that does that?
00:03:24.120 --> 00:03:26.220
Well, we could think
about biological systems
00:03:26.220 --> 00:03:30.510
where a common catalyst
is an enzyme or enzymes.
00:03:30.510 --> 00:03:33.210
And one way that they lower
the activation energy,
00:03:33.210 --> 00:03:35.360
it could be providing a surface
00:03:35.360 --> 00:03:37.470
where the reactants can react.
00:03:37.470 --> 00:03:40.170
It could be to make it a
little bit easier for them
00:03:40.170 --> 00:03:42.043
to get in the right orientation.
00:03:42.043 --> 00:03:46.365
So for example, imagine
if you had a huge enzyme
00:03:46.365 --> 00:03:49.350
that looked something like this.
00:03:49.350 --> 00:03:53.550
And this once again is
an over simplification.
00:03:53.550 --> 00:03:57.750
And it just happened to be
that this part of the enzyme,
00:03:57.750 --> 00:04:01.560
it's able to bond to that first reactant.
00:04:01.560 --> 00:04:03.690
Lemme do that same color,
00:04:03.690 --> 00:04:05.250
to that first reactant
00:04:05.250 --> 00:04:09.570
and puts it into the right
orientation where this other part
00:04:09.570 --> 00:04:12.630
of the enzyme can bond
with that second reactant
00:04:12.630 --> 00:04:16.260
and puts it in the right
orientation so that you don't need
00:04:16.260 --> 00:04:19.500
quite as much energy for them to be able
00:04:19.500 --> 00:04:21.180
to react with each other.
00:04:21.180 --> 00:04:23.550
And you might say, well,
why do we even need these?
00:04:23.550 --> 00:04:25.230
Or why are enzymes even important?
00:04:25.230 --> 00:04:27.570
Remember, enzymes are type of catalyst.
00:04:27.570 --> 00:04:29.940
Well, it turns out that your body,
00:04:29.940 --> 00:04:33.930
or many biological systems need
a lot of reactions to occur,
00:04:33.930 --> 00:04:35.370
but without a catalyst,
00:04:35.370 --> 00:04:38.820
and in this case, in a biological
system without an enzyme,
00:04:38.820 --> 00:04:41.820
the temperature would have to
be too high, where all sorts
00:04:41.820 --> 00:04:43.680
of other bad things will happen.
00:04:43.680 --> 00:04:46.980
But by having catalysts,
in this case, an enzyme,
00:04:46.980 --> 00:04:49.740
it allows the reaction to
proceed, in this case from left
00:04:49.740 --> 00:04:52.860
to right, without having
the energy be so high
00:04:52.860 --> 00:04:55.620
that it's damaging to
the system as a whole.
00:04:55.620 --> 00:04:57.840
So it's a label to have
this reaction happen
00:04:57.840 --> 00:05:01.110
at a lower energy or in
this biological system
00:05:01.110 --> 00:05:02.373
at a lower temperature.
|
Electronegativity and bond type | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xv9igHCrnzQ | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=xv9igHCrnzQ&ei=n1WUZaH3H4mevdIPiZuGmAQ&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=43B0E5F13785D97C078656030AE26C4BE41E0DC0.E7D7DF16AE9A685562F694BEA2C144B45D3782F6&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:02.040 --> 00:00:03.420
- [Instructor]
Electronegativity is probably
00:00:03.420 --> 00:00:05.280
the most important concept to understand
00:00:05.280 --> 00:00:06.660
in organic chemistry.
00:00:06.660 --> 00:00:08.670
We're gonna use a definition
that Linus Pauling gives
00:00:08.670 --> 00:00:11.340
in his book, "The Nature
of the Chemical Bond".
00:00:11.340 --> 00:00:14.310
So Linus Pauling says
that electronegativity
00:00:14.310 --> 00:00:18.240
refers to the power of
an atom in a molecule
00:00:18.240 --> 00:00:20.700
to attract electrons to itself.
00:00:20.700 --> 00:00:22.290
So if I look at a molecule,
00:00:22.290 --> 00:00:25.238
I'm going to compare two
atoms in that molecule.
00:00:25.238 --> 00:00:28.200
I'm going to compare carbon to oxygen
00:00:28.200 --> 00:00:30.900
in terms of the electronegativity.
00:00:30.900 --> 00:00:33.060
And to do that, I need to
look over here in the right
00:00:33.060 --> 00:00:34.500
at the organic periodic table,
00:00:34.500 --> 00:00:36.240
which shows the elements
most commonly used
00:00:36.240 --> 00:00:38.340
in organic chemistry, and then in blue,
00:00:38.340 --> 00:00:41.220
it gives us the Pauling
scale for electronegativity.
00:00:41.220 --> 00:00:43.230
So Linus Pauling actually calculated
00:00:43.230 --> 00:00:44.909
electronegativity values for the elements
00:00:44.909 --> 00:00:46.980
and put them into the table,
00:00:46.980 --> 00:00:49.560
and that allows us to
compare different elements
00:00:49.560 --> 00:00:51.480
in terms of their electronegativities.
00:00:51.480 --> 00:00:53.228
For example, we are concerned with carbon,
00:00:53.228 --> 00:00:55.683
which has an electronegativity
value of 2.5,
00:00:57.000 --> 00:00:58.787
and we're going to compare that to oxygen,
00:00:58.787 --> 00:01:02.760
which has an electronegativity
value of 3.5.
00:01:02.760 --> 00:01:06.540
So oxygen is more
electronegative than carbon.
00:01:06.540 --> 00:01:09.300
And the definition tells us
00:01:09.300 --> 00:01:11.280
that if oxygen is more electronegative,
00:01:11.280 --> 00:01:14.880
oxygen has a greater power to
attract electrons to itself
00:01:14.880 --> 00:01:15.960
than carbon does.
00:01:15.960 --> 00:01:17.277
And so if you think about the electrons
00:01:17.277 --> 00:01:19.944
and the covalent bond
between carbon and oxygen
00:01:19.944 --> 00:01:22.643
that are shared, they're shared unequally,
00:01:22.643 --> 00:01:24.601
because oxygen is more electronegative.
00:01:24.601 --> 00:01:27.480
Oxygen's going to pull
those electrons in red
00:01:27.480 --> 00:01:28.950
closer to itself.
00:01:28.950 --> 00:01:31.440
And since electrons
are negatively charged,
00:01:31.440 --> 00:01:34.156
the oxygen's gonna get a little
bit more negative charge,
00:01:34.156 --> 00:01:35.332
and so it's going to have
00:01:35.332 --> 00:01:38.550
what we call a partial
negative charge on it.
00:01:38.550 --> 00:01:39.690
So partial negative,
00:01:39.690 --> 00:01:43.590
partial sign is a lowercase
Greek letter delta.
00:01:43.590 --> 00:01:45.990
And so the oxygen is partially negative.
00:01:45.990 --> 00:01:48.810
It's pulling the electrons
in red closer to itself.
00:01:48.810 --> 00:01:52.020
Another way to show the movement
of those electrons in red
00:01:52.020 --> 00:01:54.390
closer to the oxygen would
be this funny arrow here.
00:01:54.390 --> 00:01:56.550
So the arrow points in the
direction of the movement
00:01:56.550 --> 00:01:58.740
of the electrons in red.
00:01:58.740 --> 00:02:02.790
So carbon is losing some
of those electrons in red.
00:02:02.790 --> 00:02:05.700
Carbon is losing a little
bit of electron density.
00:02:05.700 --> 00:02:08.430
Carbon is losing a little
bit of negative charge.
00:02:08.430 --> 00:02:09.840
So carbon used to be neutral,
00:02:09.840 --> 00:02:12.330
but since it's losing a
little bit of negative charge,
00:02:12.330 --> 00:02:15.840
this carbon will end up being
partially positive like that.
00:02:15.840 --> 00:02:17.850
So the carbon is partially positive,
00:02:17.850 --> 00:02:20.100
and the oxygen is partially negative.
00:02:20.100 --> 00:02:22.620
That's a polarized situation, right?
00:02:22.620 --> 00:02:24.148
You have a little bit of
negative charge on one side,
00:02:24.148 --> 00:02:26.640
a little bit of positive
charge on the other side.
00:02:26.640 --> 00:02:28.710
So it's still a covalent bond,
00:02:28.710 --> 00:02:30.282
but it's a polarized covalent bond
00:02:30.282 --> 00:02:32.696
due to the differences
in electronegativities
00:02:32.696 --> 00:02:35.130
between those two atoms.
00:02:35.130 --> 00:02:37.169
Let's do a few more examples here
00:02:37.169 --> 00:02:39.830
where we show the differences
in electronegativity.
00:02:39.830 --> 00:02:42.540
So if I were thinking about a molecule
00:02:42.540 --> 00:02:44.700
that has two carbons in it,
00:02:44.700 --> 00:02:48.600
and I'm thinking about what
happens to the electrons in red,
00:02:48.600 --> 00:02:50.760
well, for this example,
00:02:50.760 --> 00:02:54.390
each carbon has the same value
for electronegativity, right?
00:02:54.390 --> 00:02:56.700
So the carbon in the
left has a value of 2.5.
00:02:56.700 --> 00:02:59.160
The carbon in the right
has a value of 2.5.
00:02:59.160 --> 00:03:02.520
That's a difference in
electronegativity of zero,
00:03:02.520 --> 00:03:05.460
which means that the electrons
in red aren't gonna move
00:03:05.460 --> 00:03:07.350
towards one carbon or
towards the other carbon.
00:03:07.350 --> 00:03:08.760
They're gonna stay in the middle,
00:03:08.760 --> 00:03:11.130
they're gonna be shared
between those two atoms.
00:03:11.130 --> 00:03:12.840
So this is a covalent bond,
00:03:12.840 --> 00:03:15.300
and there's no polarity
situation created here,
00:03:15.300 --> 00:03:17.610
since there's no difference
in electronegativity.
00:03:17.610 --> 00:03:22.170
So we call this a nonpolar
covalent bond, right?
00:03:22.170 --> 00:03:27.170
So this is a nonpolar
covalent bond, like that.
00:03:27.720 --> 00:03:29.340
Let's do another example.
00:03:29.340 --> 00:03:31.340
Let's compare carbon to hydrogen.
00:03:31.340 --> 00:03:33.142
So if I had a molecule
00:03:33.142 --> 00:03:35.779
and I have a bond between
carbon and hydrogen,
00:03:35.779 --> 00:03:39.630
and I want to know what
happens to the electrons in red
00:03:39.630 --> 00:03:42.960
between the carbon and the
hydrogen, we've seen that carbon
00:03:42.960 --> 00:03:44.860
has an electronegativity value of 2.5,
00:03:45.780 --> 00:03:49.087
and we go up here to hydrogen,
which has a value of 2.1,
00:03:50.340 --> 00:03:51.833
and so that's difference of 0.4.
00:03:53.460 --> 00:03:55.109
So there is a difference
in electronegativity
00:03:55.109 --> 00:03:58.050
between those two atoms, but
it's a very small difference.
00:03:58.050 --> 00:04:00.270
and so most textbooks
would consider the bond
00:04:00.270 --> 00:04:01.500
between carbon and hydrogen
00:04:01.500 --> 00:04:05.340
to still be a nonpolar covalent bond.
00:04:05.340 --> 00:04:06.173
All right, let's go ahead
00:04:06.173 --> 00:04:09.030
and put in the example
we did above, right.
00:04:09.030 --> 00:04:11.010
where we compared the electronegativies
00:04:11.010 --> 00:04:13.770
of carbon and oxygen, like that.
00:04:13.770 --> 00:04:15.564
When we looked up the
values, we saw that carbon
00:04:15.564 --> 00:04:18.780
had an electronegativity value of 2.5,
00:04:18.780 --> 00:04:22.470
and oxygen had a value of
3.5 for a difference of one.
00:04:22.470 --> 00:04:26.130
And that's enough to have a
polar covalent bond, right?
00:04:26.130 --> 00:04:30.160
This is a polar covalent bond
00:04:31.380 --> 00:04:33.330
between the carbon and the oxygen.
00:04:33.330 --> 00:04:35.850
So when we think about
the electrons in red,
00:04:35.850 --> 00:04:38.700
the electrons in red are
pulled closer to the oxygen,
00:04:38.700 --> 00:04:41.670
giving the oxygen a
partial negative charge,
00:04:41.670 --> 00:04:44.640
and since electron density is
moving away from the carbon,
00:04:44.640 --> 00:04:47.133
the carbon gets a partial positive charge.
00:04:48.582 --> 00:04:50.452
And so we can see that if your difference
00:04:50.452 --> 00:04:53.040
in electronegativity is one,
00:04:53.040 --> 00:04:55.440
it's considered to be
a polar covalent bond,
00:04:55.440 --> 00:04:58.530
and if your difference in
electronegativity is 0.4,
00:04:58.530 --> 00:05:00.720
that's considered to be
a nonpolar covalent bond.
00:05:00.720 --> 00:05:03.514
So somewhere in between
there must be the difference
00:05:03.514 --> 00:05:07.860
between non-polar covalent
bond and a polar covalent bond.
00:05:07.860 --> 00:05:11.730
And most textbooks will tell
you approximately somewhere
00:05:11.730 --> 00:05:13.680
in the 0.5 range.
00:05:13.680 --> 00:05:15.210
So if the difference in electronegativity
00:05:15.210 --> 00:05:17.430
is greater than 0.5, you
can go ahead and consider it
00:05:17.430 --> 00:05:19.620
to be mostly a polar covalent bond.
00:05:19.620 --> 00:05:22.770
If the difference in
electronegativity is less than 0.5,
00:05:22.770 --> 00:05:25.800
we would consider that to
be a nonpolar covalent bond.
00:05:25.800 --> 00:05:28.380
Now, I should point out that
we're using the Pauling scale
00:05:28.380 --> 00:05:29.730
for electronegativity here,
00:05:29.730 --> 00:05:31.170
and there are several different scales
00:05:31.170 --> 00:05:32.220
for electronegativity.
00:05:32.220 --> 00:05:34.740
So these numbers are not absolute.
00:05:34.740 --> 00:05:36.371
These are more relative differences,
00:05:36.371 --> 00:05:39.630
and it's the relative
difference in electronegativity
00:05:39.630 --> 00:05:41.970
that we care the most about.
00:05:41.970 --> 00:05:43.413
Let's do another example.
00:05:45.350 --> 00:05:47.880
Let's compare oxygen to hydrogen.
00:05:47.880 --> 00:05:51.120
So let's think about what
happens to the electrons
00:05:51.120 --> 00:05:52.720
between oxygen and hydrogen.
00:05:52.720 --> 00:05:55.890
So the electrons in red here.
00:05:55.890 --> 00:05:57.150
All right, so we've already seen
00:05:57.150 --> 00:05:59.550
the electronegativity values
for both of these atoms.
00:05:59.550 --> 00:06:04.550
Oxygen had a value of 3.5, and
hydrogen had a value of 2.1.
00:06:05.670 --> 00:06:08.580
So that's an electronegativity
difference of 1.4.
00:06:08.580 --> 00:06:11.520
So this is a polar covalent bond.
00:06:11.520 --> 00:06:13.703
Since oxygen is more
electronegative than hydrogen,
00:06:13.703 --> 00:06:16.510
the electrons in red are going
to move closer to the oxygen.
00:06:16.510 --> 00:06:19.830
so the oxygen's going to get
a partial negative charge,
00:06:19.830 --> 00:06:22.740
and the hydrogen's gonna get
a partial positive charge,
00:06:22.740 --> 00:06:23.573
like that.
|
London dispersion forces introduction | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h-BiBeydkys | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=h-BiBeydkys&ei=n1WUZanCI_Gkp-oP28aWMA&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=8B74C7226EF7B676B946F8B0C23DB8B296D7FA8E.0E8464D62FF0F97C9953C9386413162585A8D468&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:01.590
- [Instructor] What we're
going to do in this video
00:00:01.590 --> 00:00:04.410
is start talking about forces that exist
00:00:04.410 --> 00:00:08.790
between even neutral atoms
or neutral molecules.
00:00:08.790 --> 00:00:11.130
And the first of these
intermolecular forces
00:00:11.130 --> 00:00:15.390
we will talk about are
London dispersion forces.
00:00:15.390 --> 00:00:16.980
So it sounds very fancy,
00:00:16.980 --> 00:00:18.510
but it's actually a pretty interesting
00:00:18.510 --> 00:00:20.760
and almost intuitive phenomenon.
00:00:20.760 --> 00:00:22.860
So we are used to thinking about atoms
00:00:22.860 --> 00:00:24.450
and let's just say we have a neutral atom,
00:00:24.450 --> 00:00:26.940
so it has the same number
of protons and electrons,
00:00:26.940 --> 00:00:29.340
and so that's all those
are all the protons
00:00:29.340 --> 00:00:31.800
and the neutrons in the nucleus.
00:00:31.800 --> 00:00:34.620
And then it'll have a cloud of electrons.
00:00:34.620 --> 00:00:36.271
So I'm just imagining all these electrons
00:00:36.271 --> 00:00:37.339
kind of jumping around.
00:00:37.339 --> 00:00:39.900
That's how I'm going to represent it.
00:00:39.900 --> 00:00:41.370
And let's imagine,
00:00:41.370 --> 00:00:43.110
and this is definitely not drawn to scale,
00:00:43.110 --> 00:00:45.990
the nucleus would actually
be much smaller if it was.
00:00:45.990 --> 00:00:48.658
But let's say that there is an
adjacent atom right over here
00:00:48.658 --> 00:00:50.100
and it's also neutral.
00:00:50.100 --> 00:00:52.440
Maybe it's the same type of
atom, it could be different,
00:00:52.440 --> 00:00:53.880
but we're gonna say it's neutral.
00:00:53.880 --> 00:00:57.000
And it also has an electron cloud.
00:00:57.000 --> 00:01:00.210
And so if these are
both neutral in charge,
00:01:00.210 --> 00:01:02.700
how would they be attracted to each other?
00:01:02.700 --> 00:01:05.850
And that's what London dispersion
forces actually explain.
00:01:05.850 --> 00:01:09.240
Because we have observed
that even neutral atoms
00:01:09.240 --> 00:01:12.987
and neutral molecules can
get attracted to each other.
00:01:12.987 --> 00:01:15.810
And the way to think about it is electrons
00:01:15.810 --> 00:01:18.870
are constantly jumping
around probabilistically.
00:01:18.870 --> 00:01:21.480
They're in this probability density cloud
00:01:21.480 --> 00:01:24.240
where electron could be
anywhere at any given moment,
00:01:24.240 --> 00:01:27.000
but they're not always going
to be evenly distributed.
00:01:27.000 --> 00:01:30.810
You can imagine that there is
a moment where that left atom
00:01:30.810 --> 00:01:32.910
might look like this, just for a moment
00:01:32.910 --> 00:01:35.250
where most of, or maybe slightly more
00:01:35.250 --> 00:01:37.800
of the electrons are spending
time on the left side
00:01:38.682 --> 00:01:41.100
of the atom than on the right side.
00:01:41.100 --> 00:01:43.320
So maybe it looks something like that.
00:01:43.320 --> 00:01:45.300
And so for that brief moment,
00:01:45.300 --> 00:01:47.520
you have a partial negative charge.
00:01:47.520 --> 00:01:50.370
This is the Greek letter
delta, lower case delta,
00:01:50.370 --> 00:01:53.310
which is used to denote partial charge.
00:01:53.310 --> 00:01:57.390
And on this side, you might
have a partial positive charge.
00:01:57.390 --> 00:01:59.340
Because remember, when it
was evenly distributed,
00:01:59.340 --> 00:02:00.771
the negative charge was offset
00:02:00.771 --> 00:02:03.120
by the positive charge of the nucleus.
00:02:03.120 --> 00:02:04.530
But here on the right side,
00:02:04.530 --> 00:02:05.850
because there's fewer electrons here,
00:02:05.850 --> 00:02:08.070
maybe you have a partial
positive on the left side,
00:02:08.070 --> 00:02:09.510
you have where most of the electrons
00:02:09.510 --> 00:02:11.760
are in that moment, partial negative.
00:02:11.760 --> 00:02:16.440
Now what might this induce
in the neighboring atom?
00:02:16.440 --> 00:02:17.273
Think about that.
00:02:17.273 --> 00:02:18.106
Pause the video.
00:02:18.106 --> 00:02:20.740
Think about what might happen
in the neighboring atom then?
00:02:21.780 --> 00:02:24.930
Well, we know that like
charges repel each other
00:02:24.930 --> 00:02:27.570
and opposite charges attract each other.
00:02:27.570 --> 00:02:30.210
So if we have a partial
positive charge out here
00:02:30.210 --> 00:02:32.790
on the right side of this left atom,
00:02:32.790 --> 00:02:34.740
well then the negative electrons
00:02:34.740 --> 00:02:38.040
might be attracted to
it in this right atom.
00:02:38.040 --> 00:02:40.230
So these electrons here
might actually be pulled
00:02:40.230 --> 00:02:42.540
a little bit to the left.
00:02:42.540 --> 00:02:45.120
So they might be pulled
a little bit to the left.
00:02:45.120 --> 00:02:50.120
And so that will induce
what is called a dipole.
00:02:50.430 --> 00:02:52.830
So now you'll have a
partial negative charge
00:02:52.830 --> 00:02:54.630
on the left side of this atom,
00:02:54.630 --> 00:02:58.500
and then a partial positive
charge on the right side of it.
00:02:58.500 --> 00:03:01.520
And we already had a
randomly occurring dipole
00:03:01.520 --> 00:03:04.230
on the left-hand side, but
then that would've induced
00:03:04.230 --> 00:03:06.030
a dipole on the right-hand side.
00:03:06.030 --> 00:03:08.730
A dipole is just when you
have the separation of charge
00:03:08.730 --> 00:03:11.100
where you have your
positive negative charges
00:03:11.100 --> 00:03:14.340
at two different parts
of a molecule or an atom
00:03:14.340 --> 00:03:16.410
or really, anything.
00:03:16.410 --> 00:03:18.450
But in this world, then all of a sudden,
00:03:18.450 --> 00:03:21.240
these two characters are
going to be attracted
00:03:21.240 --> 00:03:23.100
to each other or the atoms
00:03:23.100 --> 00:03:24.810
are going to be attracted to each other.
00:03:24.810 --> 00:03:29.460
And this attraction that
happens due to induced dipoles,
00:03:29.460 --> 00:03:34.460
that is exactly what London
dispersion forces is all about.
00:03:34.500 --> 00:03:36.480
You can actually call
London dispersion forces
00:03:36.480 --> 00:03:39.630
is induced dipole, induced dipole forces.
00:03:39.630 --> 00:03:41.430
They become attracted to each other
00:03:41.430 --> 00:03:44.340
because of what could start
out as a temporary imbalance
00:03:44.340 --> 00:03:47.670
of electrons, but then it induces
a dipole in the other atom
00:03:47.670 --> 00:03:50.430
or the other molecule, and
then they get attracted.
00:03:50.430 --> 00:03:52.350
So the next question you might ask is,
00:03:52.350 --> 00:03:54.270
how strong can these forces get?
00:03:54.270 --> 00:03:59.270
And that's all about a
notion of polarizability.
00:04:00.180 --> 00:04:04.020
How easy is it to polarize
an atom or molecule?
00:04:04.020 --> 00:04:08.550
And generally speaking, the
more electrons you have.
00:04:08.550 --> 00:04:13.550
So the larger the electron
cloud, larger electron cloud,
00:04:13.890 --> 00:04:18.000
electron cloud, which
is usually associated
00:04:18.000 --> 00:04:22.323
with molar mass, so usually, molar mass,
00:04:23.490 --> 00:04:26.460
then the higher polarizability
you're gonna have,
00:04:26.460 --> 00:04:27.840
'cause you're just gonna
have more electrons
00:04:27.840 --> 00:04:28.673
to play around with.
00:04:28.673 --> 00:04:31.890
If this was a helium atom,
which has a relatively small
00:04:31.890 --> 00:04:34.230
electron cloud, you couldn't have
00:04:34.230 --> 00:04:36.030
a significant imbalance.
00:04:36.030 --> 00:04:39.480
At most, you might have
two electrons on one side,
00:04:39.480 --> 00:04:41.640
which would cause some imbalance.
00:04:41.640 --> 00:04:44.730
But on the other hand,
imagine a much larger atom
00:04:44.730 --> 00:04:46.770
or a much larger molecule,
00:04:46.770 --> 00:04:49.080
you could have much more
significant imbalances.
00:04:49.080 --> 00:04:52.110
Three, four or five, 50 electrons.
00:04:52.110 --> 00:04:54.690
And that would create a
stronger temporary dipole,
00:04:54.690 --> 00:04:58.170
which would then induce a
stronger dipole in the neighbors.
00:04:58.170 --> 00:04:59.820
That could domino
00:04:59.820 --> 00:05:02.670
through the entire
sample of that molecule.
00:05:02.670 --> 00:05:07.470
So for example, if you were
to compare some noble gases
00:05:07.470 --> 00:05:10.650
to each other, and so we
can look at the noble gases
00:05:10.650 --> 00:05:12.420
here on the right-hand side.
00:05:12.420 --> 00:05:15.450
If you were to compare the
London dispersion forces
00:05:15.450 --> 00:05:18.660
between say, helium and argon,
00:05:18.660 --> 00:05:19.560
which one would you think
00:05:19.560 --> 00:05:21.810
would have higher London
dispersion forces?
00:05:21.810 --> 00:05:23.610
A bunch of helium atoms
next to each other,
00:05:23.610 --> 00:05:26.580
or a bunch of argon
atoms next to each other?
00:05:26.580 --> 00:05:30.600
Well, the argon atoms have
a larger electron cloud,
00:05:30.600 --> 00:05:34.230
so they have higher polarizability.
00:05:34.230 --> 00:05:37.860
And so you're going to have
higher London dispersion forces.
00:05:37.860 --> 00:05:40.740
And you can actually see
that in their boiling points.
00:05:40.740 --> 00:05:45.450
For example, the boiling point of helium
00:05:45.450 --> 00:05:47.790
is quite low.
00:05:47.790 --> 00:05:52.790
It is negative 268.9 degrees Celsius
00:05:53.070 --> 00:05:55.680
while the boiling point of argon,
00:05:55.680 --> 00:05:58.320
it's still at a low
temperature by our standards,
00:05:58.320 --> 00:06:00.210
but it's a much higher temperature
00:06:00.210 --> 00:06:02.100
than the boiling point for helium.
00:06:02.100 --> 00:06:07.100
It's at negative 185.8 degrees Celsius.
00:06:07.980 --> 00:06:11.070
So one way to think about
this, if you were at say,
00:06:11.070 --> 00:06:15.360
negative 270 degrees Celsius,
00:06:15.360 --> 00:06:19.260
you would find a sample of
helium in a liquid state.
00:06:19.260 --> 00:06:21.060
But as you warm things up,
00:06:21.060 --> 00:06:26.060
as you get beyond negative
268.9 degrees Celsius,
00:06:26.220 --> 00:06:29.970
you're going to see that
those London dispersion forces
00:06:29.970 --> 00:06:32.490
that are keeping those
helium atoms together
00:06:32.490 --> 00:06:34.980
sliding past each other in a liquid state,
00:06:34.980 --> 00:06:37.260
they're going to be overcome
00:06:37.260 --> 00:06:40.680
by the energy due to the temperature.
00:06:40.680 --> 00:06:43.500
And so they're going to be able
to break free of each other.
00:06:43.500 --> 00:06:46.470
And essentially, the
helium is going to boil
00:06:46.470 --> 00:06:49.530
and you're going to enter into
a gaseous state, the state
00:06:49.530 --> 00:06:51.930
that most of us are used
to seeing helium in.
00:06:51.930 --> 00:06:56.010
But that doesn't happen for
argon until a good bit warmer.
00:06:56.010 --> 00:06:57.600
Still cold by our standards.
00:06:57.600 --> 00:07:00.060
And that's because it takes more energy
00:07:00.060 --> 00:07:03.390
to overcome the London
dispersion forces of argon
00:07:03.390 --> 00:07:08.390
because the argon atoms
have larger electron clouds.
00:07:10.350 --> 00:07:13.800
So generally speaking,
the larger the molecule,
00:07:13.800 --> 00:07:15.600
because it has a larger electron cloud,
00:07:15.600 --> 00:07:17.310
it'll have higher polarizability
00:07:17.310 --> 00:07:19.203
and higher London dispersion forces.
|
Endothermic and exothermic reactions | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSfwMq68Wt4 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=GSfwMq68Wt4&ei=n1WUZdOyGqnVxN8PpfGm0A8&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=D42D956BA13E5C256B97D52356F877572FD07C6F.9E50E03D4B50C9156DEEA4D7BB5F3BF6E52034EF&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.420 --> 00:00:03.720
- [Narrator] So what we have
depicted here is a reaction.
00:00:03.720 --> 00:00:04.860
I have a beaker.
00:00:04.860 --> 00:00:07.350
In that beaker, I have molecules,
00:00:07.350 --> 00:00:09.060
I have these purple molecules.
00:00:09.060 --> 00:00:11.640
I also have these blue ones.
00:00:11.640 --> 00:00:14.970
And if I were to just leave
this beaker at room temperature
00:00:14.970 --> 00:00:17.259
in my laboratory, nothing
is going to happen.
00:00:17.259 --> 00:00:20.490
These molecules aren't going
to react with each other.
00:00:20.490 --> 00:00:24.690
But then if I add energy to
this, if I were to heat it up,
00:00:24.690 --> 00:00:26.460
then I can get it to react.
00:00:26.460 --> 00:00:28.230
And so that's what we have over here.
00:00:28.230 --> 00:00:32.340
The energy is used to break these bonds
00:00:32.340 --> 00:00:36.450
and then the bonds can reform
to form different molecules.
00:00:36.450 --> 00:00:37.590
So we have a reaction here.
00:00:37.590 --> 00:00:39.750
Here are the reactants,
here are the products.
00:00:39.750 --> 00:00:42.600
And I'm also going to
assume that as these bonds,
00:00:42.600 --> 00:00:46.230
as these new bonds form,
it also releases energy.
00:00:46.230 --> 00:00:48.450
And what we're going to
think about in this video
00:00:48.450 --> 00:00:50.400
is whether the energy
00:00:50.400 --> 00:00:54.030
that is released from this
reaction is greater than,
00:00:54.030 --> 00:00:57.030
or less than, than the
energy that we put into it.
00:00:57.030 --> 00:00:59.220
And depending on the answer to that,
00:00:59.220 --> 00:01:02.550
we would label this as
either an endothermic
00:01:02.550 --> 00:01:05.280
or an exothermic reaction.
00:01:05.280 --> 00:01:07.560
So let's think about
this a little bit more.
00:01:07.560 --> 00:01:10.687
So if you have a system,
and you might say,
00:01:10.687 --> 00:01:12.180
"What's a system?"
00:01:12.180 --> 00:01:15.510
Well, a system is really just a fancy way
00:01:15.510 --> 00:01:17.700
of saying the thing
that you are focused on.
00:01:17.700 --> 00:01:20.730
And you can define that
system in any which way.
00:01:20.730 --> 00:01:23.820
Here we will call our system this beaker
00:01:23.820 --> 00:01:25.890
that has the solution inside of it.
00:01:25.890 --> 00:01:27.870
So our system is going to include that,
00:01:27.870 --> 00:01:30.840
but it's not going to include the outside,
00:01:30.840 --> 00:01:33.930
the burner that we're
using to create the heat.
00:01:33.930 --> 00:01:35.460
It's just that beaker.
00:01:35.460 --> 00:01:39.060
So this is the system in either situation.
00:01:39.060 --> 00:01:42.330
And then we could also label
the things outside the system.
00:01:42.330 --> 00:01:44.940
We could call that the surroundings.
00:01:44.940 --> 00:01:47.940
Hopefully, that's an
intuitive thing to call it.
00:01:47.940 --> 00:01:52.560
And when we light the flame
underneath this beaker,
00:01:52.560 --> 00:01:54.930
were transferring energy
from the surroundings
00:01:54.930 --> 00:01:56.070
into the system.
00:01:56.070 --> 00:01:58.140
The law of conservation of energy,
00:01:58.140 --> 00:02:00.990
which is also known as the
first law of thermodynamics,
00:02:00.990 --> 00:02:05.730
tells us that energy can neither
be created nor destroyed.
00:02:05.730 --> 00:02:07.320
So if we're getting energy into a system,
00:02:07.320 --> 00:02:09.270
it has to come from someplace.
00:02:09.270 --> 00:02:12.420
In this situation, the energy is coming
00:02:12.420 --> 00:02:15.510
from our surroundings, but as we know,
00:02:15.510 --> 00:02:17.730
we're not just putting
energy into the system.
00:02:17.730 --> 00:02:20.970
When these new bonds are formed,
it's also releasing energy.
00:02:20.970 --> 00:02:23.610
In a situation where it's
releasing less energy
00:02:23.610 --> 00:02:24.480
than was put in,
00:02:24.480 --> 00:02:28.440
I'll do that with a less
wide arrow, like this,
00:02:28.440 --> 00:02:31.350
this we would call an
endothermic reaction.
00:02:31.350 --> 00:02:33.870
Even though some is being
released, on a net basis,
00:02:33.870 --> 00:02:38.070
you're putting more in than
you are actually getting out.
00:02:38.070 --> 00:02:39.900
Now, if you had it the other way around,
00:02:39.900 --> 00:02:42.480
where if you had your system here
00:02:42.480 --> 00:02:45.180
and you're putting in a certain amount
00:02:45.180 --> 00:02:47.850
of energy into the system,
00:02:47.850 --> 00:02:50.460
but you're getting a lot more
energy out of the system,
00:02:50.460 --> 00:02:53.740
I'll do that as a big arrow, like this,
00:02:53.740 --> 00:02:56.220
that's an arrow, that's not a house,
00:02:56.220 --> 00:02:58.290
if you have a big arrow, like this,
00:02:58.290 --> 00:03:02.202
well, now, this we would
call an exothermic,
00:03:02.202 --> 00:03:05.460
exothermic reaction.
00:03:05.460 --> 00:03:09.180
Let me box these off, so
that we don't get confused.
00:03:09.180 --> 00:03:10.920
Now, we can also understand this
00:03:10.920 --> 00:03:12.750
in terms of potential energy
00:03:12.750 --> 00:03:15.600
and how the reaction progresses.
00:03:15.600 --> 00:03:18.750
So on the horizontal axis,
00:03:18.750 --> 00:03:23.223
we'll call this reaction
progress, reaction progress.
00:03:25.470 --> 00:03:28.650
And then the vertical
axis is potential energy.
00:03:28.650 --> 00:03:31.770
Now, our system, before
we start heating it up,
00:03:31.770 --> 00:03:35.400
our system is going to be
at some potential energy
00:03:35.400 --> 00:03:37.680
and maybe it's just happy right there.
00:03:37.680 --> 00:03:40.380
But then we start putting
energy into the system.
00:03:40.380 --> 00:03:42.870
We're doing this right
over here by lighting
00:03:42.870 --> 00:03:44.520
that burner under it.
00:03:44.520 --> 00:03:47.520
So as we put energy into the system,
00:03:47.520 --> 00:03:50.010
the potential energy goes up.
00:03:50.010 --> 00:03:53.280
And that energy is used to
essentially break the bonds
00:03:53.280 --> 00:03:55.530
of these reactants.
00:03:55.530 --> 00:03:58.710
And then once those
molecular parts are all free
00:03:58.710 --> 00:04:01.530
of each other, they can
now reform new bonds.
00:04:01.530 --> 00:04:04.500
And if we're in an exothermic reaction,
00:04:04.500 --> 00:04:08.850
those new bonds are going to
be at a lower potential energy
00:04:08.850 --> 00:04:12.570
than the original bonds of the reactants.
00:04:12.570 --> 00:04:14.850
So one way to think about it here is,
00:04:14.850 --> 00:04:17.310
at this phase, we are putting in energy.
00:04:17.310 --> 00:04:19.320
This is the energy we're
putting into the system.
00:04:19.320 --> 00:04:22.770
And you can calculate it by
thinking about this arrow.
00:04:22.770 --> 00:04:25.800
And then once those
molecular parts reform,
00:04:25.800 --> 00:04:27.480
you are releasing energy.
00:04:27.480 --> 00:04:29.340
And so you could think of that height
00:04:29.340 --> 00:04:32.100
as the release of energy.
00:04:32.100 --> 00:04:34.110
And if you thought about
what the net energy
00:04:34.110 --> 00:04:35.670
that gets released is,
00:04:35.670 --> 00:04:37.320
well, that's going to be the difference
00:04:37.320 --> 00:04:39.180
between the potential energy
00:04:39.180 --> 00:04:40.980
as you're entering into the reaction
00:04:40.980 --> 00:04:42.780
and then your final potential energy.
00:04:42.780 --> 00:04:46.800
So this distance right over
here is the net energy.
00:04:46.800 --> 00:04:48.900
And in this case, it is the net energy
00:04:48.900 --> 00:04:51.300
that has actually been
released from the reaction.
00:04:51.300 --> 00:04:54.870
So this right over here
is an exothermic reaction.
00:04:54.870 --> 00:04:55.703
You might be wondering, "Well,
00:04:55.703 --> 00:04:57.900
"what would an endothermic
reaction look like?"
00:04:57.900 --> 00:04:58.980
Well, in that situation,
00:04:58.980 --> 00:05:00.210
and I'll just draw it really fast,
00:05:00.210 --> 00:05:03.540
it would have the same
labels on the chart,
00:05:03.540 --> 00:05:05.430
you would be putting energy in.
00:05:05.430 --> 00:05:07.830
So let's say, you have some molecules,
00:05:07.830 --> 00:05:12.060
energy in to break those
bonds, the bonds are broken,
00:05:12.060 --> 00:05:13.590
and now things reform,
00:05:13.590 --> 00:05:15.390
but they get to a higher potential energy
00:05:15.390 --> 00:05:17.070
than you were before.
00:05:17.070 --> 00:05:20.760
So here we're putting in a lot of energy,
00:05:20.760 --> 00:05:24.300
but then when those bonds,
when we have new bonds forming,
00:05:24.300 --> 00:05:27.933
that's not quite as much as
the energy that we put in.
00:05:28.830 --> 00:05:31.320
And so there's a net
amount that we put in.
00:05:31.320 --> 00:05:33.660
The net amount that we put
in is gonna be the difference
00:05:33.660 --> 00:05:34.590
between that and that.
00:05:34.590 --> 00:05:37.740
It's going to be this
height right over here.
00:05:37.740 --> 00:05:39.330
So this is exothermic
00:05:39.330 --> 00:05:41.703
and this is endothermic right over here.
|
Physical and chemical changes | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5cZ5CWuUJA | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=n5cZ5CWuUJA&ei=n1WUZefiGv-ShcIPmemKiAs&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=95E758E04B2DBA50F57065534C4F39E8357708DC.A09F74241A01F21CB8C9315CB75718FC7ABA2250&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.210 --> 00:00:01.950
- [Instructor] So what we have
are three different pictures
00:00:01.950 --> 00:00:05.910
of substances undergoing
some type of change.
00:00:05.910 --> 00:00:08.220
And what we're gonna
focus on in this video
00:00:08.220 --> 00:00:11.970
is classifying things as
either being physical changes
00:00:11.970 --> 00:00:14.010
or chemical changes.
00:00:14.010 --> 00:00:16.050
And you might already have
already thought about this
00:00:16.050 --> 00:00:18.780
or seen this in a previous science class,
00:00:18.780 --> 00:00:21.120
but when we talk about a physical change,
00:00:21.120 --> 00:00:23.490
we're talking about where
there could be a change
00:00:23.490 --> 00:00:25.890
in properties but we're
not having a change
00:00:25.890 --> 00:00:29.130
in the actual composition
of what we're talking about.
00:00:29.130 --> 00:00:30.870
While in a chemical change,
00:00:30.870 --> 00:00:34.020
you actually do have a
change in composition,
00:00:34.020 --> 00:00:37.680
how the different constituent
atoms and elements match up
00:00:37.680 --> 00:00:41.670
or connect or bond to each
other might be different.
00:00:41.670 --> 00:00:43.950
So my first question to
you is pause this video,
00:00:43.950 --> 00:00:45.690
and we have some ice melting here,
00:00:45.690 --> 00:00:49.050
we have some propane
combusting or burning here,
00:00:49.050 --> 00:00:52.410
and we have some iron rusting here.
00:00:52.410 --> 00:00:53.280
And I want you to think about
00:00:53.280 --> 00:00:54.960
which of these are physical changes
00:00:54.960 --> 00:00:57.360
and which of these are
chemical changes and why.
00:00:58.710 --> 00:01:01.560
All right, now let's first
think about this water,
00:01:01.560 --> 00:01:02.940
this ice melting.
00:01:02.940 --> 00:01:06.600
And if we wanted to write it
in fancy chemical language
00:01:06.600 --> 00:01:09.900
or chemistry language, we
could write this as H2O
00:01:09.900 --> 00:01:14.900
going from its solid form to
H2O going into its liquid form.
00:01:16.890 --> 00:01:19.500
Now we don't have a change in composition.
00:01:19.500 --> 00:01:20.370
In either state,
00:01:20.370 --> 00:01:22.440
whether you're looking
at this liquid water here
00:01:22.440 --> 00:01:24.990
or whether you're looking
at the solid water there,
00:01:24.990 --> 00:01:29.220
you'll see a bunch of water molecules.
00:01:29.220 --> 00:01:33.360
Each oxygen is still
bonded to two hydrogens
00:01:33.360 --> 00:01:36.480
and so you're not having
a change in composition,
00:01:36.480 --> 00:01:41.430
and so this over here
is a physical change.
00:01:41.430 --> 00:01:42.900
And if we kept heating that water up
00:01:42.900 --> 00:01:44.340
and it started to vaporize,
00:01:44.340 --> 00:01:46.680
that would also be a physical change.
00:01:46.680 --> 00:01:49.020
Whereas it turns into water vapor,
00:01:49.020 --> 00:01:52.140
you have your intermolecular
forces being overcome
00:01:52.140 --> 00:01:54.447
but the covalent bonds between the oxygens
00:01:54.447 --> 00:01:55.620
and the hydrogens,
00:01:55.620 --> 00:01:58.710
those aren't breaking
or forming in some way.
00:01:58.710 --> 00:02:00.990
So once again, when you
go from ice to water,
00:02:00.990 --> 00:02:01.823
physical change.
00:02:01.823 --> 00:02:04.860
From water to vapor, or you
could say from liquid to gas,
00:02:04.860 --> 00:02:08.400
that is also going to
be a physical change.
00:02:08.400 --> 00:02:10.560
One general rule of thumb,
00:02:10.560 --> 00:02:12.990
when you think about what's
going on on a microscopic level,
00:02:12.990 --> 00:02:15.090
and this is a general rule of
thumb, it doesn't always apply
00:02:15.090 --> 00:02:17.250
and we'll think about an
edge case in a little bit,
00:02:17.250 --> 00:02:21.840
is when you're overcoming
intermolecular forces,
00:02:21.840 --> 00:02:23.940
that tends to be a physical change.
00:02:23.940 --> 00:02:27.750
But if you have chemical
bonds forming or breaking,
00:02:27.750 --> 00:02:30.870
that would be a chemical change.
00:02:30.870 --> 00:02:33.840
Now let's think about what's
going on here with the propane.
00:02:33.840 --> 00:02:35.970
If you were to write the
chemical reaction here,
00:02:35.970 --> 00:02:40.710
it would be propane, C3H8 in gas form.
00:02:40.710 --> 00:02:43.020
It needs oxygen to combust,
00:02:43.020 --> 00:02:44.340
so for every mole of propane,
00:02:44.340 --> 00:02:48.840
we have five moles of
molecular oxygen in gas form.
00:02:48.840 --> 00:02:51.750
And then when it combusts,
00:02:51.750 --> 00:02:53.640
you're going to produce three,
00:02:53.640 --> 00:02:55.620
for every one mole of propane
00:02:55.620 --> 00:02:57.300
and five moles of molecular oxygen,
00:02:57.300 --> 00:03:02.130
you're gonna produce three
moles of carbon dioxide gas,
00:03:02.130 --> 00:03:07.130
and four moles of water
in vapor form as well.
00:03:07.770 --> 00:03:09.210
And so what you actually have
00:03:09.210 --> 00:03:11.880
is the bonds in those
molecules are actually breaking
00:03:11.880 --> 00:03:13.890
and then reforming.
00:03:13.890 --> 00:03:16.950
So you don't just have
physical change going on here,
00:03:16.950 --> 00:03:19.320
you have chemical change.
00:03:19.320 --> 00:03:21.690
Chemical change.
00:03:21.690 --> 00:03:22.530
One way to think about it,
00:03:22.530 --> 00:03:25.860
you had propane here before, C3H8,
00:03:25.860 --> 00:03:29.370
after the reaction, you no
longer have the propane here.
00:03:29.370 --> 00:03:32.280
What you actually see as
fire, which is fascinating,
00:03:32.280 --> 00:03:34.800
this is just very hot gas.
00:03:34.800 --> 00:03:36.540
And that very hot air that you're seeing,
00:03:36.540 --> 00:03:38.580
and there's going to be
some carbon dioxide in there
00:03:38.580 --> 00:03:41.190
and there's going to be
some water vapor in there,
00:03:41.190 --> 00:03:42.900
the reason why it's getting so hot
00:03:42.900 --> 00:03:46.470
is because this releases a lot of energy.
00:03:46.470 --> 00:03:50.370
Now let's think about what's
going on here with this iron.
00:03:50.370 --> 00:03:53.640
If I were to write this
as a chemical reaction;
00:03:53.640 --> 00:03:57.090
for every four moles of iron in solid form
00:03:57.090 --> 00:04:00.834
plus three moles of
molecular oxygen in gas form,
00:04:00.834 --> 00:04:04.170
and that would just be the
ambient oxygen around this iron,
00:04:04.170 --> 00:04:09.170
it is going to produce two
moles of iron oxide as a solid.
00:04:13.740 --> 00:04:15.750
And that's what you see
there in the orange,
00:04:15.750 --> 00:04:17.160
that is the iron oxide.
00:04:17.160 --> 00:04:21.030
So notice this reaction
is forming new ionic bonds
00:04:21.030 --> 00:04:22.920
in that ferrous oxide.
00:04:22.920 --> 00:04:24.480
And to undergo the reaction,
00:04:24.480 --> 00:04:28.290
we had to break the metallic
bonds of the solid iron
00:04:28.290 --> 00:04:31.710
and the covalent bonds
in the molecular oxygen.
00:04:31.710 --> 00:04:36.120
So anytime we are breaking and
making these chemical bonds,
00:04:36.120 --> 00:04:37.893
we have a chemical change.
|
Ionization energy trends | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyBYZJ3Wo_0 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=MyBYZJ3Wo_0&ei=n1WUZYvcIKi5vdIPueGoCA&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=9F4D0CB49992388AAF66800D3779D85A0E47169D.E411C3D429E561131EF6C86A25233C30E088152D&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.540 --> 00:00:01.470
- [Narrator] We're now going to think
00:00:01.470 --> 00:00:04.320
about ionization energy trends.
00:00:04.320 --> 00:00:05.820
What's ionization energy?
00:00:05.820 --> 00:00:07.800
It's the energy required
00:00:07.800 --> 00:00:12.800
to remove the highest energy
electron from an atom.
00:00:13.140 --> 00:00:16.113
And to think about this,
let's look at some data.
00:00:16.950 --> 00:00:20.580
So right over here is ionization energy
00:00:20.580 --> 00:00:22.890
plotted against atomic number
00:00:22.890 --> 00:00:26.040
for elements in the
periodic table of elements.
00:00:26.040 --> 00:00:29.070
So first, we can look group by group.
00:00:29.070 --> 00:00:31.200
So for example, if we look at Group 1,
00:00:31.200 --> 00:00:33.390
that's the first column,
00:00:33.390 --> 00:00:36.060
the leftmost column in the
periodic table of elements,
00:00:36.060 --> 00:00:37.770
starting with hydrogen here,
00:00:37.770 --> 00:00:40.080
you can see that as we
go down that column,
00:00:40.080 --> 00:00:42.750
it looks like, generally speaking,
00:00:42.750 --> 00:00:46.260
our ionization energy is decreasing.
00:00:46.260 --> 00:00:48.870
For Group 2, we see a similar pattern,
00:00:48.870 --> 00:00:51.180
as we go down that second column,
00:00:51.180 --> 00:00:53.610
our ionization energy, generally speaking,
00:00:53.610 --> 00:00:56.100
it looks like there's a
few slight anomalies here,
00:00:56.100 --> 00:00:57.990
it looks like it's decreasing.
00:00:57.990 --> 00:01:02.370
So as you go down a group,
the data seems to imply
00:01:02.370 --> 00:01:04.950
that ionization energy decreases.
00:01:04.950 --> 00:01:07.500
It takes less and less energy to remove
00:01:07.500 --> 00:01:10.770
that highest energy electron.
00:01:10.770 --> 00:01:13.380
Now let's look at the periods.
00:01:13.380 --> 00:01:16.380
So remember, the periods are
the rows in the periodic table,
00:01:16.380 --> 00:01:19.470
so if we look at that second
row in the periodic table,
00:01:19.470 --> 00:01:22.470
as we go from left to right,
00:01:22.470 --> 00:01:24.420
it looks like, generally speaking,
00:01:24.420 --> 00:01:27.780
ionization energy is increasing.
00:01:27.780 --> 00:01:29.700
It becomes harder and harder to remove
00:01:29.700 --> 00:01:31.230
that highest energy electron.
00:01:31.230 --> 00:01:34.500
Now, there are some anomalies here.
00:01:34.500 --> 00:01:37.410
It looks like it briefly decreases,
00:01:37.410 --> 00:01:39.180
and it increases, briefly decreases,
00:01:39.180 --> 00:01:42.840
but the general trend is as
you go from left to right,
00:01:42.840 --> 00:01:46.680
along that period, energy is increasing.
00:01:46.680 --> 00:01:48.840
We see the same thing in Period 3,
00:01:48.840 --> 00:01:50.880
once again, there are some anomalies here,
00:01:50.880 --> 00:01:53.340
but the trend seems to generally hold.
00:01:53.340 --> 00:01:58.110
We could also look at Period
4, and so on and so forth.
00:01:58.110 --> 00:02:00.690
So if we think about ionization energy,
00:02:00.690 --> 00:02:05.490
what we saw is, as we go
down a group right over here,
00:02:05.490 --> 00:02:07.440
it becomes easier and easier
00:02:07.440 --> 00:02:10.350
to remove that highest energy electron,
00:02:10.350 --> 00:02:11.790
or another way to think about it
00:02:11.790 --> 00:02:16.650
is ionization energy decreases.
00:02:16.650 --> 00:02:19.740
If you go from left to right
00:02:19.740 --> 00:02:22.740
along a period right over here,
00:02:22.740 --> 00:02:27.740
we saw from the data, that
ionization energy increases.
00:02:28.560 --> 00:02:30.960
Now let's think about why this is.
00:02:30.960 --> 00:02:33.090
Well, if you look at this trend,
00:02:33.090 --> 00:02:34.710
or get an intuition for why this is,
00:02:34.710 --> 00:02:37.530
if you look at this trend
along a group over here,
00:02:37.530 --> 00:02:40.500
we already said that you're
gonna have the same number
00:02:40.500 --> 00:02:41.430
of valence electrons,
00:02:41.430 --> 00:02:44.790
but those valence electrons
are further and further out,
00:02:44.790 --> 00:02:47.100
they're at higher and
higher energy shells,
00:02:47.100 --> 00:02:49.380
and so you have a lot more shielding
00:02:49.380 --> 00:02:51.420
from all of those core electrons,
00:02:51.420 --> 00:02:52.980
so that causes some interference,
00:02:52.980 --> 00:02:55.680
we've already seen that
as you go down a group,
00:02:55.680 --> 00:02:58.320
your atomic radius increases,
00:02:58.320 --> 00:03:00.510
so you're also going to have less
00:03:00.510 --> 00:03:04.440
of that effective nuclear force,
00:03:04.440 --> 00:03:07.890
which is essentially how
much the force is between
00:03:07.890 --> 00:03:10.830
when you consider the nucleus,
00:03:10.830 --> 00:03:12.840
when you consider the shielding
00:03:12.840 --> 00:03:14.370
from the electrons in between,
00:03:14.370 --> 00:03:15.990
and when you think about the distance
00:03:15.990 --> 00:03:17.700
of those outer electrons.
00:03:17.700 --> 00:03:20.040
And so it makes sense that
it's easier and easier
00:03:20.040 --> 00:03:22.350
to remove the highest energy electron
00:03:22.350 --> 00:03:24.510
from say, caesium, because
it's further out there,
00:03:24.510 --> 00:03:28.410
there's more electrons
shielding it from that nucleus,
00:03:28.410 --> 00:03:31.440
even though there's a lot
of protons in that nucleus,
00:03:31.440 --> 00:03:34.410
than, say, in the case of hydrogen.
00:03:34.410 --> 00:03:38.430
Now, as you go from left
to right along a period,
00:03:38.430 --> 00:03:39.960
we already talked about the fact
00:03:39.960 --> 00:03:42.000
that you're adding electrons,
00:03:42.000 --> 00:03:46.260
but you're either backfilling
into a lower energy shell
00:03:46.260 --> 00:03:50.340
or you're adding at that
same outer valence shell.
00:03:50.340 --> 00:03:53.490
But as you're doing so, as
you're going from left to right,
00:03:53.490 --> 00:03:56.430
you have more and more protons.
00:03:56.430 --> 00:03:59.400
So those protons, as
you add more and more,
00:03:59.400 --> 00:04:01.500
you're gonna have a
stronger positive charge,
00:04:01.500 --> 00:04:04.620
it's gonna pull more and more
on those outer electrons.
00:04:04.620 --> 00:04:07.980
And remember, you have the
same number of core electrons,
00:04:07.980 --> 00:04:08.970
'cause you're just adding
00:04:08.970 --> 00:04:11.070
to the outer shells right over here,
00:04:11.070 --> 00:04:13.110
and so it's going to pull
harder and harder on them
00:04:13.110 --> 00:04:14.490
and bring them closer and closer.
00:04:14.490 --> 00:04:16.650
And we saw that atomic radii
00:04:16.650 --> 00:04:18.720
decreases as you go from left to right,
00:04:18.720 --> 00:04:22.020
and so it makes sense that
ionization energy increases.
00:04:22.020 --> 00:04:23.730
It's going to be harder and harder
00:04:23.730 --> 00:04:26.760
to pull off that highest energy electron,
00:04:26.760 --> 00:04:28.680
from say, bromine,
00:04:28.680 --> 00:04:31.143
than it would be from say, potassium.
|
Lewis diagrams | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuVAgrLqsXs | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=FuVAgrLqsXs&ei=n1WUZYWqH67VhcIPw9ep6Ac&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=670A8D5520189E6E02322D1C81D05EB0909B82EE.46D73F7233608383916BB2A326E6F5F1A93F7B80&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.270 --> 00:00:01.103
- [Instructor] In this video,
00:00:01.103 --> 00:00:03.270
we're gonna introduce
ourselves to a new way
00:00:03.270 --> 00:00:05.100
of visualizing atoms.
00:00:05.100 --> 00:00:06.930
And as you can imagine
from the title here,
00:00:06.930 --> 00:00:09.570
that's going to be Lewis diagrams.
00:00:09.570 --> 00:00:11.310
But before I even get into that,
00:00:11.310 --> 00:00:13.710
let's do a little bit of
review of what we already know
00:00:13.710 --> 00:00:15.450
about Bohr models.
00:00:15.450 --> 00:00:18.570
So let's say we take an
arbitrary element here.
00:00:18.570 --> 00:00:20.070
Let's say we take nitrogen.
00:00:20.070 --> 00:00:22.890
Nitrogen, by definition,
has seven protons.
00:00:22.890 --> 00:00:26.040
And so if it's neutral, it's
going to have seven electrons.
00:00:26.040 --> 00:00:28.740
So a Bohr model for nitrogen,
00:00:28.740 --> 00:00:31.860
in our first shell, that
first shell is going to look
00:00:31.860 --> 00:00:35.700
just like helium and it's
going to have two electrons.
00:00:35.700 --> 00:00:37.860
So let me draw it like that.
00:00:37.860 --> 00:00:40.680
And then in its second shell,
00:00:40.680 --> 00:00:45.680
its second shell, it is going
to have the remaining five
00:00:45.840 --> 00:00:47.880
of the seven electrons.
00:00:47.880 --> 00:00:50.220
And we are going to make
them unpaired at first.
00:00:50.220 --> 00:00:52.590
So one, two,
00:00:52.590 --> 00:00:56.610
three, four, and then five.
00:00:56.610 --> 00:00:58.560
The reason why I did it this way is,
00:00:58.560 --> 00:01:01.650
a full valence shell is
going to have eight electrons
00:01:01.650 --> 00:01:03.330
or four pairs.
00:01:03.330 --> 00:01:05.190
But if the electrons can spread apart,
00:01:05.190 --> 00:01:06.330
they like to spread apart.
00:01:06.330 --> 00:01:08.520
So that's why I did one, two, three, four,
00:01:08.520 --> 00:01:11.190
and then I paired this last one
because there's nowhere else
00:01:11.190 --> 00:01:13.920
for it to actually go.
00:01:13.920 --> 00:01:16.530
Now, I just touched on this
issue of valence electrons.
00:01:16.530 --> 00:01:18.750
Those are the electrons
in your outermost shell,
00:01:18.750 --> 00:01:22.680
and they tend to be the ones
that are involved in reactions.
00:01:22.680 --> 00:01:24.840
So chemists said, "Hey,
just for shorthand,
00:01:24.840 --> 00:01:27.420
instead of having to draw
all of this every time,
00:01:27.420 --> 00:01:31.500
why don't we just visualize
the valence electrons?"
00:01:31.500 --> 00:01:34.590
And so let's do that in
this nitrogen example.
00:01:34.590 --> 00:01:37.590
So a Lewis diagram,
00:01:37.590 --> 00:01:39.870
which is I'm just going to draw right now,
00:01:39.870 --> 00:01:42.930
is that simplified visualization
00:01:42.930 --> 00:01:45.780
where you write the
symbol for that element,
00:01:45.780 --> 00:01:48.210
and you just depict its valence electrons.
00:01:48.210 --> 00:01:50.790
We just saw that there
are five valence electrons
00:01:50.790 --> 00:01:53.370
for nitrogen, seven
total, but five valence,
00:01:53.370 --> 00:01:56.460
five electrons in that outermost shell.
00:01:56.460 --> 00:02:00.840
So it is going to be one, two,
00:02:00.840 --> 00:02:04.020
three, four, and then five.
00:02:04.020 --> 00:02:07.830
So that's a Lewis diagram
for a neutral nitrogen atom.
00:02:07.830 --> 00:02:10.860
It turns out we can also do this for ions.
00:02:10.860 --> 00:02:15.860
So let's say that we had
a nitride ion over here.
00:02:15.870 --> 00:02:19.020
Now, a nitride ion has
gained three electrons.
00:02:19.020 --> 00:02:21.810
So it actually has
eight valence electrons.
00:02:21.810 --> 00:02:23.850
So if you gain three from five,
you're going to have eight.
00:02:23.850 --> 00:02:26.160
So I'll go one, two,
00:02:26.160 --> 00:02:29.010
three, four, five,
00:02:29.010 --> 00:02:31.950
six, seven, eight.
00:02:31.950 --> 00:02:35.070
And because it gained three
electrons from being neutral,
00:02:35.070 --> 00:02:38.010
it now has a negative three charge.
00:02:38.010 --> 00:02:39.930
And so you'll often see
it written like this
00:02:39.930 --> 00:02:42.870
where they put brackets around it,
00:02:42.870 --> 00:02:45.810
and you would see three minus.
00:02:45.810 --> 00:02:48.307
Now, the last thing that
you might wonder about is,
00:02:48.307 --> 00:02:49.830
"Okay, I kinda understood
00:02:49.830 --> 00:02:51.570
how you got the valence
electrons for nitrogen.
00:02:51.570 --> 00:02:54.750
Is there just some general
pattern in the periodic table?"
00:02:54.750 --> 00:02:56.820
And the simple answer is yes.
00:02:56.820 --> 00:02:58.380
And that's one of the useful things
00:02:58.380 --> 00:02:59.310
about the periodic table.
00:02:59.310 --> 00:03:01.260
Or as we'll learn,
there's many, many other
00:03:01.260 --> 00:03:03.330
really interesting things about it.
00:03:03.330 --> 00:03:05.820
If you look at the groups, in general,
00:03:05.820 --> 00:03:08.190
you're going to have one valence electron
00:03:08.190 --> 00:03:11.430
for Group One elements,
for this column over here.
00:03:11.430 --> 00:03:13.680
You're going to have two valence electrons
00:03:13.680 --> 00:03:15.630
for these Group Two elements.
00:03:15.630 --> 00:03:16.627
And I know what you're thinking,
00:03:16.627 --> 00:03:19.830
"Okay, is just the group the
number of valence electrons?"
00:03:19.830 --> 00:03:23.790
Well, unfortunately, it doesn't
exactly work out that way.
00:03:23.790 --> 00:03:25.800
I'm going to skip the
transition metals here
00:03:25.800 --> 00:03:27.600
because those get a little
bit more complicated.
00:03:27.600 --> 00:03:29.100
It's a little bit more advanced.
00:03:29.100 --> 00:03:31.530
But then if we go over
here to, what is this,
00:03:31.530 --> 00:03:34.260
Group One, Two, Three,
Four, Five, Six, Seven,
00:03:34.260 --> 00:03:37.500
Eight, Nine, 10, 11, 12, 13,
00:03:37.500 --> 00:03:41.280
Group 13 over here is going to
have three valence electrons.
00:03:41.280 --> 00:03:44.280
Group 14, four valence electrons.
00:03:44.280 --> 00:03:46.980
Five valence electrons in Group 15,
00:03:46.980 --> 00:03:49.380
and that's why we saw
five valence electrons
00:03:49.380 --> 00:03:50.880
for nitrogen here.
00:03:50.880 --> 00:03:53.430
Six for Group 16.
00:03:53.430 --> 00:03:55.470
Seven for Group 17.
00:03:55.470 --> 00:03:58.020
And then 18 for, or sorry, (laughing)
00:03:58.020 --> 00:04:02.430
I should say eight valence
electrons for Group 18.
00:04:02.430 --> 00:04:03.990
So one way to remember it is,
00:04:03.990 --> 00:04:06.750
for Groups 13 through 18,
00:04:06.750 --> 00:04:09.060
you take the group number
and you subtract 10,
00:04:09.060 --> 00:04:11.520
and you're going to get the
number of valence electrons.
00:04:11.520 --> 00:04:13.290
And hopefully that made sense based
00:04:13.290 --> 00:04:15.060
on how we were able to figure
out the valence electrons
00:04:15.060 --> 00:04:17.253
for example nitrogen.
|
Atomic spectra | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNx061dMhtA | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=HNx061dMhtA&ei=n1WUZbjtGsS2mLAP15iroA4&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=3073DF5FF27A01B146FC74174D2736929CDA77C0.C08B30884C1E8C9D58824C5C937F9CE4AD13F132&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.630 --> 00:00:03.360
- [Narrator] Here's a very
simplified model of an atom.
00:00:03.360 --> 00:00:06.180
The nucleus at the center of
the atom is where the protons
00:00:06.180 --> 00:00:09.900
and neutrons live, but
they're kind of boring
00:00:09.900 --> 00:00:12.360
because for the most
part, they just sit there.
00:00:12.360 --> 00:00:14.910
The real star of the show is the electron.
00:00:14.910 --> 00:00:17.370
The electron gets to do
all the interesting stuff
00:00:17.370 --> 00:00:20.850
like move around, jump
around, bind with other atoms.
00:00:20.850 --> 00:00:24.090
These dashed lines represent
the different energy levels
00:00:24.090 --> 00:00:26.850
the electron can have while in the atom.
00:00:26.850 --> 00:00:28.860
We like representing these energy levels
00:00:28.860 --> 00:00:31.410
with an energy level diagram.
00:00:31.410 --> 00:00:33.960
The energy level diagram
gives us a way to show
00:00:33.960 --> 00:00:37.860
what energy the electron has
without having to draw an atom
00:00:37.860 --> 00:00:40.380
with a bunch of circles all the time.
00:00:40.380 --> 00:00:43.830
Let's say our pretend atom
has electron energy levels
00:00:43.830 --> 00:00:48.830
of 0 eV, 4 eV, 6 eV, and 7 eV.
00:00:49.380 --> 00:00:51.090
Note that moving left or right
00:00:51.090 --> 00:00:52.740
on an energy level diagram
00:00:52.740 --> 00:00:55.890
doesn't actually represent
anything meaningful.
00:00:55.890 --> 00:00:58.590
So technically there is no X axis
00:00:58.590 --> 00:01:01.710
on an energy level diagram,
but we draw it there anyway
00:01:01.710 --> 00:01:03.840
because it makes it look nice.
00:01:03.840 --> 00:01:05.850
All that matters is what energy level
00:01:05.850 --> 00:01:08.760
or rung on the ladder the electron is at.
00:01:08.760 --> 00:01:10.110
Note that the electron
00:01:10.110 --> 00:01:13.020
for our hypothetical
atom here can only exist
00:01:13.020 --> 00:01:16.320
with 0 eV, 4, 6 or 7 eV.
00:01:16.320 --> 00:01:20.130
The electron just cannot
exist between energy levels,
00:01:20.130 --> 00:01:24.360
it's always got to be right
on one of the energy levels.
00:01:24.360 --> 00:01:26.730
Okay, so let's say our electron starts off
00:01:26.730 --> 00:01:29.190
on the 0 eV energy level,
00:01:29.190 --> 00:01:31.380
it's good to note that
the lowest energy level
00:01:31.380 --> 00:01:34.740
and electron can have in an
atom is called the ground state.
00:01:34.740 --> 00:01:37.320
So how could our electron
get from the ground state
00:01:37.320 --> 00:01:39.330
to any of the higher energy levels?
00:01:39.330 --> 00:01:42.420
Well, for the electron to
get to a higher energy level,
00:01:42.420 --> 00:01:45.270
we've got to give the
electron more energy,
00:01:45.270 --> 00:01:47.520
and we know how to give
an electron more energy,
00:01:47.520 --> 00:01:49.440
you just shoot light at it.
00:01:49.440 --> 00:01:52.920
If a photon of the right
energy can strike an electron,
00:01:52.920 --> 00:01:55.710
the electron will absorb
all the photon's energy
00:01:55.710 --> 00:01:57.840
and jump to a higher energy level.
00:01:57.840 --> 00:02:01.020
The electron in this
ground state needs 4 eV
00:02:01.020 --> 00:02:03.300
to jump to the next energy level.
00:02:03.300 --> 00:02:07.200
That means if a photon that
had an energy of 4 eV came in
00:02:07.200 --> 00:02:08.940
and struck the electron,
00:02:08.940 --> 00:02:10.860
the electron would absorb the energy
00:02:10.860 --> 00:02:13.984
of the photon causing
the photon to disappear,
00:02:13.984 --> 00:02:17.880
and that electron would jump
up to the next energy level.
00:02:17.880 --> 00:02:21.060
We call the first energy
level after the ground state,
00:02:21.060 --> 00:02:23.310
the first excited state,
00:02:23.310 --> 00:02:25.650
once the electrons at
the higher energy level,
00:02:25.650 --> 00:02:29.310
it won't stay there long
electrons, if given the chance,
00:02:29.310 --> 00:02:32.310
will fall towards the lowest
energy level they can.
00:02:32.310 --> 00:02:35.520
So our electron will fall
back down to the ground state
00:02:35.520 --> 00:02:38.160
and give up 4 eV of energy.
00:02:38.160 --> 00:02:40.530
The way an electron can give up energy is
00:02:40.530 --> 00:02:42.330
by emitting a photon.
00:02:42.330 --> 00:02:44.760
So after falling back
down to the ground state,
00:02:44.760 --> 00:02:48.330
this electron would emit a 4 eV photon.
00:02:48.330 --> 00:02:51.068
Electrons don't have to
just jump one energy level
00:02:51.068 --> 00:02:52.770
at a time, though,
00:02:52.770 --> 00:02:54.780
if the electron in our ground state were
00:02:54.780 --> 00:02:57.300
to absorb a 6 eV photon,
00:02:57.300 --> 00:02:59.220
the electron can jump all the way up
00:02:59.220 --> 00:03:01.260
to the 6 eV energy level.
00:03:01.260 --> 00:03:03.600
Now that the electron's
at a higher energy level,
00:03:03.600 --> 00:03:05.700
it's gonna try to fall back down,
00:03:05.700 --> 00:03:08.160
but there's a couple ways
it could fall back down
00:03:08.160 --> 00:03:09.360
in this case.
00:03:09.360 --> 00:03:10.890
The electron could fall down
00:03:10.890 --> 00:03:13.290
to the ground state all in one shot,
00:03:13.290 --> 00:03:16.530
giving up a 6 eV photon in the process.
00:03:16.530 --> 00:03:19.817
But since the started at
the 6 eV energy level,
00:03:19.817 --> 00:03:22.230
it could have also fallen first
00:03:22.230 --> 00:03:26.820
to the 4 eV energy level
emitting a 2 eV photon
00:03:26.820 --> 00:03:28.350
in the process.
00:03:28.350 --> 00:03:29.940
It's a 2 eV photon
00:03:29.940 --> 00:03:33.376
because the electron dropped
2 electron volts in energy,
00:03:33.376 --> 00:03:36.780
and now that the electron's
at the 4 eV energy level,
00:03:36.780 --> 00:03:37.980
it'll fall back down
00:03:37.980 --> 00:03:42.210
to the ground state emitting
a 4 eV photon in the process.
00:03:42.210 --> 00:03:45.300
So electrons will sometimes
drop multiple energy levels
00:03:45.300 --> 00:03:46.230
at a time,
00:03:46.230 --> 00:03:49.293
and sometimes they'll choose
to take individual steps,
00:03:49.293 --> 00:03:52.950
but regardless, the energy
of the photon is always equal
00:03:52.950 --> 00:03:55.830
to the difference in
electron energy levels.
00:03:55.830 --> 00:03:57.660
What if our electron's in the ground state
00:03:57.660 --> 00:04:00.270
and we send a 5 eV photon at it?
00:04:00.270 --> 00:04:02.910
If the electron were to
absorb all of the energy
00:04:02.910 --> 00:04:04.740
of the 5 eV photon,
00:04:04.740 --> 00:04:07.260
it would now have 5 electron volts,
00:04:07.260 --> 00:04:09.270
but that's not an allowed energy level
00:04:09.270 --> 00:04:11.457
so the electron can't absorb this photon
00:04:11.457 --> 00:04:14.310
and the photon will pass
straight through the atom.
00:04:14.310 --> 00:04:16.200
Keep in mind, the electron in the atom has
00:04:16.200 --> 00:04:19.380
to absorb all of the photon's
energy or none of it,
00:04:19.380 --> 00:04:21.390
it can't just absorb part of it.
00:04:21.390 --> 00:04:24.570
Alright, so now we could figure
out every possible photon
00:04:24.570 --> 00:04:26.190
this atom could absorb.
00:04:26.190 --> 00:04:28.050
If the electron's in the ground state,
00:04:28.050 --> 00:04:32.220
it could absorb a 4 eV
photon or a 6 eV photon
00:04:32.220 --> 00:04:34.200
or a 7 eV photon.
00:04:34.200 --> 00:04:36.510
If the electron's at
the second energy level,
00:04:36.510 --> 00:04:38.850
also called the first excited state,
00:04:38.850 --> 00:04:41.460
the electron could absorb a 2 eV photon
00:04:41.460 --> 00:04:43.680
or a three eV photon,
00:04:43.680 --> 00:04:46.170
and if the electron were
at the third energy level
00:04:46.170 --> 00:04:48.450
or the second excited state,
00:04:48.450 --> 00:04:51.330
the electron could absorb a 1 eV photon.
00:04:51.330 --> 00:04:52.950
Those are the only photons
00:04:52.950 --> 00:04:56.160
that this atom will be seen to absorb.
00:04:56.160 --> 00:04:59.700
2.5. eV photons will
pass straight through,
00:04:59.700 --> 00:05:02.400
5 eV photons will pass straight through,
00:05:02.400 --> 00:05:06.300
6.3. eV photons will
pass straight through.
00:05:06.300 --> 00:05:09.030
What this means is that
if you were to shine light
00:05:09.030 --> 00:05:12.510
that consisted of all possible
wavelengths through a gas
00:05:12.510 --> 00:05:15.180
that was composed of our pretend atoms,
00:05:15.180 --> 00:05:17.670
all the wavelengths would
not make it through.
00:05:17.670 --> 00:05:19.770
Some of the wavelengths
would get absorbed,
00:05:19.770 --> 00:05:22.710
then scattered away in random directions.
00:05:22.710 --> 00:05:26.820
This would manifest itself as
dark lines in the spectrum,
00:05:26.820 --> 00:05:29.550
missing wavelengths or
missing energy levels
00:05:29.550 --> 00:05:32.460
that correspond to the energies of photons
00:05:32.460 --> 00:05:34.290
that our electron can absorb.
00:05:34.290 --> 00:05:36.750
This is like a fingerprint for an atom,
00:05:36.750 --> 00:05:40.230
and it's called that
atom's absorption spectrum.
00:05:40.230 --> 00:05:42.090
If you were to ever see this progression
00:05:42.090 --> 00:05:45.390
of dark lines in these exact
positions, you would know
00:05:45.390 --> 00:05:47.760
that the gas you were
looking at was composed,
00:05:47.760 --> 00:05:50.670
at least partly of our hypothetical atom.
00:05:50.670 --> 00:05:52.980
This also allows astronomers to determine
00:05:52.980 --> 00:05:55.140
what stuff in our universe is made out of.
00:05:55.140 --> 00:05:58.260
Even though we can't get close
enough to collect a sample,
00:05:58.260 --> 00:06:01.260
all we have to do is collect
light from a distance star
00:06:01.260 --> 00:06:04.770
or quasar that shines through
the stuff we're interested in,
00:06:04.770 --> 00:06:06.690
then just determine which wavelengths
00:06:06.690 --> 00:06:08.910
or energies got taken out.
00:06:08.910 --> 00:06:10.920
The details are a little
messier than that,
00:06:10.920 --> 00:06:12.390
but this provides astronomers
00:06:12.390 --> 00:06:15.900
with maybe the most important
tool at their disposal.
00:06:15.900 --> 00:06:18.780
Now, the absorption spectrum
are all of the wavelengths
00:06:18.780 --> 00:06:21.660
or energies that an atom
will absorb from light
00:06:21.660 --> 00:06:23.280
that passes through it.
00:06:23.280 --> 00:06:26.196
You could also ask about
the emission spectrum.
00:06:26.196 --> 00:06:29.070
The emission spectrum are
all of the wavelengths
00:06:29.070 --> 00:06:31.380
or energies that an atom will emit
00:06:31.380 --> 00:06:34.800
due to electrons falling
down in energy levels.
00:06:34.800 --> 00:06:36.570
You could go through all the possibilities
00:06:36.570 --> 00:06:38.490
of an electron falling down again,
00:06:38.490 --> 00:06:41.160
but you'd realize you're gonna
get the exact same energies
00:06:41.160 --> 00:06:43.170
for the emission spectrum that you got
00:06:43.170 --> 00:06:45.240
for the absorption spectrum.
00:06:45.240 --> 00:06:48.300
So instead of letting light
pass through a gas composed
00:06:48.300 --> 00:06:51.660
of your hypothetical atoms,
let's say you made a container
00:06:51.660 --> 00:06:53.730
that had the gas of
your hypothetical atoms
00:06:53.730 --> 00:06:55.710
and you ran an electric
current through it,
00:06:55.710 --> 00:06:58.380
exciting those electrons
to higher energy levels
00:06:58.380 --> 00:07:01.770
and letting them fall back
down to lower energy levels.
00:07:01.770 --> 00:07:04.200
This is what happens in neon lights,
00:07:04.200 --> 00:07:05.640
or if you're in science class,
00:07:05.640 --> 00:07:08.640
it's what happens in gas discharge tubes.
00:07:08.640 --> 00:07:10.440
So for the emission spectrum, instead
00:07:10.440 --> 00:07:12.780
of seeing the whole
electromagnetic spectrum
00:07:12.780 --> 00:07:16.140
with a few lines missing, you're
going to only see a handful
00:07:16.140 --> 00:07:19.500
of lines that correspond to
the energies of those photons
00:07:19.500 --> 00:07:21.123
that that atom will emit.
|
The mole and Avogadro's number | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Su9Fij7TMQ | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=_Su9Fij7TMQ&ei=n1WUZY29IKmvmLAPqe2_8AE&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=908BFFB639174EFC73002D9FFD0DA3EB24A80F9B.8B1882D3573EE0BD4A10239F1EDCBD717B3BCECF&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:01.650
- [Narrator] In a previous video,
00:00:01.650 --> 00:00:06.650
we introduced ourselves to the
idea of average atomic mass,
00:00:06.960 --> 00:00:09.900
which we began to realize
could be a very useful way
00:00:09.900 --> 00:00:13.080
of thinking about a
mass at an atomic level
00:00:13.080 --> 00:00:15.360
or at a molecular level.
00:00:15.360 --> 00:00:16.920
But what we're gonna do in this video
00:00:16.920 --> 00:00:19.920
is connect it to the masses
that we might actually see
00:00:19.920 --> 00:00:20.760
in a chemistry lab.
00:00:20.760 --> 00:00:22.740
You're very unlikely to just be dealing
00:00:22.740 --> 00:00:26.100
with one atom or just a few
atoms or just a few molecules.
00:00:26.100 --> 00:00:28.560
You're more likely to
deal with several grams
00:00:28.560 --> 00:00:30.360
of an actual substance.
00:00:30.360 --> 00:00:33.840
So how do we go from the
masses at an atomic scale
00:00:33.840 --> 00:00:38.840
to the masses of samples
00:00:39.090 --> 00:00:41.700
that you see in an actual chemistry lab
00:00:41.700 --> 00:00:45.600
or in, I guess, you could
say our scale of the world?
00:00:45.600 --> 00:00:47.310
Well, the chemistry community has come up
00:00:47.310 --> 00:00:49.050
with a useful tool.
00:00:49.050 --> 00:00:49.883
They've said,
00:00:49.883 --> 00:00:51.360
"All right, let's think
about a given element."
00:00:51.360 --> 00:00:54.793
So say lithium, we know it's
average atomic mass is 6.94.
00:00:55.693 --> 00:01:00.693
6.94 unified atomic mass units per atom,
00:01:02.520 --> 00:01:05.160
atom of lithium.
00:01:05.160 --> 00:01:09.360
What if there were a certain
number of atoms of lithium
00:01:09.360 --> 00:01:12.360
such that if I have that number,
00:01:12.360 --> 00:01:17.360
so times certain number of atoms,
00:01:19.200 --> 00:01:24.200
then I will actually end up
with 6.94 grams of lithium
00:01:28.710 --> 00:01:31.200
and this number of atoms is
00:01:31.200 --> 00:01:34.833
6.02214076 times 10 to the 23rd power.
00:01:40.830 --> 00:01:44.910
So if you have a sample with
this number of lithium atoms,
00:01:44.910 --> 00:01:49.170
that sample is going to
have a mass of 6.94 grams,
00:01:49.170 --> 00:01:51.150
whatever its average atomic masses
00:01:51.150 --> 00:01:53.460
in terms of unified atomic mass units,
00:01:53.460 --> 00:01:56.880
if you have that number of the atom,
00:01:56.880 --> 00:02:01.880
you will have a mass of that
same number in terms of grams.
00:02:02.430 --> 00:02:05.820
Now, you might be saying, "Is
there a name for this number?"
00:02:05.820 --> 00:02:07.680
And there is indeed a name
00:02:07.680 --> 00:02:10.080
and it is called Avogadro's Number,
00:02:10.080 --> 00:02:14.460
named in honor of the early
19th century Italian chemist,
00:02:14.460 --> 00:02:16.423
Amedeo Avogadro and in most contexts,
00:02:16.423 --> 00:02:20.790
because you're not
normally dealing with data
00:02:20.790 --> 00:02:23.220
with this many significant digits,
00:02:23.220 --> 00:02:27.390
we will usually approximate it as 6.022
00:02:27.390 --> 00:02:30.840
times 10 to the 23rd power.
00:02:30.840 --> 00:02:33.990
Now, there's another word
that it's very useful
00:02:33.990 --> 00:02:36.420
to familiarize yourself with in chemistry
00:02:36.420 --> 00:02:40.350
and that's the idea of a mole.
00:02:40.350 --> 00:02:42.900
Now, what is a mole?
00:02:42.900 --> 00:02:44.790
It is not a little mark on your cheek,
00:02:44.790 --> 00:02:46.320
it is not a burrowing animal,
00:02:46.320 --> 00:02:48.210
actually, it is both of those things.
00:02:48.210 --> 00:02:49.950
But in a chemistry context,
00:02:49.950 --> 00:02:54.690
a mole is just saying you
have this much of something.
00:02:54.690 --> 00:02:57.300
The word mole was first
used by the German chemist,
00:02:57.300 --> 00:03:00.870
Wilhelm Oswald, at the
end of the 19th century
00:03:00.870 --> 00:03:02.160
and he came up with the word
00:03:02.160 --> 00:03:05.010
because of its relation to molecule.
00:03:05.010 --> 00:03:06.780
Now, what does that mean?
00:03:06.780 --> 00:03:09.270
Well, think about the word dozen.
00:03:09.270 --> 00:03:14.270
If I say I've got a dozen of
eggs, how many eggs do I have?
00:03:14.670 --> 00:03:18.570
Well, if I have a dozen of
eggs, that means I have 12 eggs.
00:03:18.570 --> 00:03:22.230
So if I say I have a
mole of lithium atoms,
00:03:22.230 --> 00:03:24.780
how many lithium atoms do I have?
00:03:24.780 --> 00:03:29.670
That means that I have 6.02214076
00:03:29.670 --> 00:03:33.240
times 10 to the 23rd lithium atoms.
00:03:33.240 --> 00:03:34.620
Exact same idea.
00:03:34.620 --> 00:03:37.770
It's just that Avagadro's
Number is a much hairier
00:03:37.770 --> 00:03:40.083
of a number than a dozen.
|
Worked example: calculating ion charge | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qgT0RYqXNo | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=6qgT0RYqXNo&ei=n1WUZe6LG52MvdIPgtGguA8&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=678A70E5BC7B142C01195E436501D382FA9404A8.A8157E984FB67311370AC2B38D966B864779A691&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.360 --> 00:00:02.460
- [Instructor] So we're
asked, what is the charge
00:00:02.460 --> 00:00:06.630
of a calcium ion with 18 electrons?
00:00:06.630 --> 00:00:08.220
So pause this video and see if you
00:00:08.220 --> 00:00:09.720
can work that on your own.
00:00:09.720 --> 00:00:12.540
And I will give you a little bit of a tip.
00:00:12.540 --> 00:00:16.620
A periodic table of elements
might be useful to see
00:00:16.620 --> 00:00:20.640
where calcium sits on that
periodic table of elements.
00:00:20.640 --> 00:00:22.170
So why don't you pause this video
00:00:22.170 --> 00:00:23.398
and see if you can
figure out the charge of
00:00:23.398 --> 00:00:25.833
that calcium ion.
00:00:27.600 --> 00:00:31.197
All right, so what defines
the element is actually
00:00:31.197 --> 00:00:34.110
how many protons it has,
00:00:34.110 --> 00:00:36.180
and that's what we have right over here.
00:00:36.180 --> 00:00:40.290
It's a atomic number is 20,
that's how many protons it has.
00:00:40.290 --> 00:00:44.160
So we could say number of
protons which provide positive
00:00:44.160 --> 00:00:46.500
charge is 20.
00:00:46.500 --> 00:00:49.770
And then we know the
number of electrons is 18.
00:00:49.770 --> 00:00:51.330
That's negative charge.
00:00:51.330 --> 00:00:52.163
So I'll just write it here.
00:00:52.163 --> 00:00:55.874
Number electrons, I'll
abbreviate it right over there
00:00:55.874 --> 00:00:57.176
or I'll shorten it.
00:00:57.176 --> 00:00:59.640
That is 18.
00:00:59.640 --> 00:01:01.140
And this has negative charge.
00:01:01.140 --> 00:01:04.170
So if you wanna know the net
charge, you take the number
00:01:04.170 --> 00:01:05.970
of protons, the positive charge
00:01:05.970 --> 00:01:08.190
and subtract out the number of electrons.
00:01:08.190 --> 00:01:12.210
And so that leaves you
with positive two charge,
00:01:12.210 --> 00:01:15.450
20 minus 18 is positive two,
00:01:15.450 --> 00:01:18.090
and we will denote that with a two plus.
00:01:18.090 --> 00:01:20.234
So some people might
write this as calcium 2+
00:01:20.234 --> 00:01:22.286
just like that.
00:01:22.286 --> 00:01:25.170
To show that it is a calcium ion,
00:01:25.170 --> 00:01:26.460
it's likely a situation maybe
00:01:26.460 --> 00:01:30.540
where the calcium
originally had 20 electrons
00:01:30.540 --> 00:01:31.860
and 20 protons.
00:01:31.860 --> 00:01:33.089
So then it would not be an ion,
00:01:33.089 --> 00:01:36.030
it would just be a neutral atom.
00:01:36.030 --> 00:01:38.836
But maybe it lost those, it
lost two of those electrons
00:01:38.836 --> 00:01:43.800
and so then it got a positive
two or a two plus charge.
00:01:43.800 --> 00:01:46.830
Let's do another example over here.
00:01:46.830 --> 00:01:49.809
So if I were to ask you
what is the charge of an ion
00:01:49.809 --> 00:01:52.552
that has seven protons, eight neutrons,
00:01:52.552 --> 00:01:56.370
and 10 electrons, pause this video
00:01:56.370 --> 00:01:58.120
and think about what that would be.
00:01:59.040 --> 00:02:01.740
Well, we can confirm that
that indeed would be an ion
00:02:01.740 --> 00:02:02.663
because it has a different number
00:02:02.663 --> 00:02:05.970
of protons than it does electrons.
00:02:05.970 --> 00:02:07.890
And if you wanna figure out the charge,
00:02:07.890 --> 00:02:10.377
you just take the number
of protons, seven,
00:02:10.377 --> 00:02:12.300
which are the positive charges,
00:02:12.300 --> 00:02:14.040
and you subtract out the negative charges.
00:02:14.040 --> 00:02:15.090
That's why you're subtracting,
00:02:15.090 --> 00:02:16.440
you subtract out the electrons.
00:02:16.440 --> 00:02:20.130
So seven minus 10, that would
be equal to negative three.
00:02:20.130 --> 00:02:23.040
And so I would say you'd often denote that
00:02:23.040 --> 00:02:25.530
as saying a three minus charge.
00:02:25.530 --> 00:02:28.590
And if you wanted to write
down what ion that is,
00:02:28.590 --> 00:02:30.472
once it's gonna go back to the
periodic table of elements,
00:02:30.472 --> 00:02:34.020
we can see that if you have seven protons,
00:02:34.020 --> 00:02:37.273
by definition you are
talking about nitrogen.
00:02:37.273 --> 00:02:39.627
So that would be a nitrogen ion
00:02:39.627 --> 00:02:42.000
that you would denote like that.
00:02:42.000 --> 00:02:45.633
It has a negative three
or a three minus charge.
|
Worked example: using the mass number equation | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9UH12HdFdo | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=T9UH12HdFdo&ei=n1WUZcW6INWup-oPwua5QA&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=B4955308CB9F1C2C38CFA536F8DE1ECE7A2A09B6.3B00B6031A801EF4AC3395A87BF007E71EB7C10E&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.290 --> 00:00:02.580
- [Instructor] Hi, everyone.
00:00:02.580 --> 00:00:04.650
In this video we're going to practice
00:00:04.650 --> 00:00:07.110
using the mass number equation.
00:00:07.110 --> 00:00:09.090
This equation represents the fact
00:00:09.090 --> 00:00:11.820
that the mass number of an atom is equal
00:00:11.820 --> 00:00:15.963
to its number of protons
plus its number of neutrons.
00:00:17.160 --> 00:00:19.110
Let's use the mass number equation
00:00:19.110 --> 00:00:21.750
to answer the following question.
00:00:21.750 --> 00:00:24.990
How many neutrons are
in an isotope of sodium
00:00:24.990 --> 00:00:26.583
with the following notation?
00:00:28.650 --> 00:00:30.690
To answer this question, we'll first need
00:00:30.690 --> 00:00:33.780
to rearrange our mass
number equation to solve
00:00:33.780 --> 00:00:35.850
for the number of neutrons.
00:00:35.850 --> 00:00:38.913
Pause the video and take a
moment to try this for yourself.
00:00:40.530 --> 00:00:43.410
The rearranged equation is as follows.
00:00:43.410 --> 00:00:46.680
The number of neutrons
equals the mass number
00:00:46.680 --> 00:00:49.560
minus the number of protons.
00:00:49.560 --> 00:00:51.390
Based on this notation, we know
00:00:51.390 --> 00:00:53.820
that this sodium isotope has a mass number
00:00:53.820 --> 00:00:58.500
of 23 and an atomic number of 11.
00:00:58.500 --> 00:01:01.620
If we subtract the atomic number 11
00:01:01.620 --> 00:01:05.790
from the mass number
23, we're left with 12,
00:01:05.790 --> 00:01:09.063
which is the number of neutrons
in this sodium isotope.
00:01:11.010 --> 00:01:16.010
Okay, more practice, this time
with an isotope of platinum.
00:01:16.290 --> 00:01:18.960
How many neutrons does this isotope have
00:01:18.960 --> 00:01:23.523
based on the following notation, Pt-195?
00:01:24.480 --> 00:01:28.020
Again, we'll need to use the
rearranged mass number equation
00:01:28.020 --> 00:01:30.063
to solve for the number of neutrons.
00:01:31.380 --> 00:01:34.230
This particular notation
provides the chemical symbol
00:01:34.230 --> 00:01:37.260
of platinum and its mass number.
00:01:37.260 --> 00:01:39.660
We can look up platinum
on the periodic table
00:01:39.660 --> 00:01:43.140
to find its atomic number, which is 78,
00:01:43.140 --> 00:01:46.740
meaning that every platinum
atom has 78 protons.
00:01:46.740 --> 00:01:49.740
We can subtract the atomic number 78
00:01:49.740 --> 00:01:54.740
from the mass number 195 to get 117,
00:01:54.750 --> 00:01:59.750
so this isotope of
platinum has 117 neutrons.
|
Isotopes | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDniYwGEl0o | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=HDniYwGEl0o&ei=n1WUZf2NIc6ep-oPirSHqAY&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=E8CB0E23389D3C48113667F8A4722AB50DD71B5A.519CD592DA0C192FF6B401051C8F99B3A18448CF&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.360 --> 00:00:02.130
- [Instructor] Every element is defined
00:00:02.130 --> 00:00:04.590
by the number of protons in its atoms,
00:00:04.590 --> 00:00:06.990
which is called its atomic number.
00:00:06.990 --> 00:00:11.670
So for example, every atom
of potassium has 19 protons
00:00:11.670 --> 00:00:15.570
and every atom of cobalt has 27 protons.
00:00:15.570 --> 00:00:17.970
But what about neutrons?
00:00:17.970 --> 00:00:20.760
Well, an element doesn't
always have the same number
00:00:20.760 --> 00:00:23.130
of neutrons in its atoms.
00:00:23.130 --> 00:00:26.550
Atoms of the same element with
different numbers of neutrons
00:00:26.550 --> 00:00:28.173
are called isotopes.
00:00:29.430 --> 00:00:31.230
Because isotopes of an element
00:00:31.230 --> 00:00:33.300
have different numbers of neutrons,
00:00:33.300 --> 00:00:36.510
those isotopes also have different masses.
00:00:36.510 --> 00:00:38.850
Remember, most of the mass of an atom
00:00:38.850 --> 00:00:42.180
comes from the protons and
neutrons in its nucleus.
00:00:42.180 --> 00:00:44.940
In fact, the sum of the number of protons
00:00:44.940 --> 00:00:49.320
and neutrons in an atom
is called its mass number.
00:00:49.320 --> 00:00:53.070
We can write this in the form
of an equation as follows,
00:00:53.070 --> 00:00:56.070
mass number equals the number of protons,
00:00:56.070 --> 00:00:58.383
plus the number of neutrons.
00:00:59.520 --> 00:01:02.550
Next, let's dive into isotope notation,
00:01:02.550 --> 00:01:05.640
or how we represent isotopes in writing.
00:01:05.640 --> 00:01:07.440
When describing different isotopes,
00:01:07.440 --> 00:01:09.270
you'll often see this notation
00:01:09.270 --> 00:01:11.700
where X is the chemical symbol,
00:01:11.700 --> 00:01:14.700
which is an abbreviation
of the element's name,
00:01:14.700 --> 00:01:19.020
A is the mass number, the
number of protons plus neutrons,
00:01:19.020 --> 00:01:22.503
and Z is the atomic number,
the number of protons.
00:01:24.210 --> 00:01:26.190
Let's practice writing out the notation
00:01:26.190 --> 00:01:27.930
for different isotopes.
00:01:27.930 --> 00:01:29.100
We'll start with carbon,
00:01:29.100 --> 00:01:31.860
which has an atomic number of 6.
00:01:31.860 --> 00:01:33.960
In nature, carbon is mainly composed
00:01:33.960 --> 00:01:35.940
of two different isotopes.
00:01:35.940 --> 00:01:38.070
One of these isotopes has 6 neutrons
00:01:38.070 --> 00:01:41.100
and the other isotope has 7 neutrons.
00:01:41.100 --> 00:01:42.240
Let's start with the isotope
00:01:42.240 --> 00:01:45.600
that has 6 protons and 6 neutrons.
00:01:45.600 --> 00:01:46.590
With that information,
00:01:46.590 --> 00:01:49.530
we know that the mass number must be 12,
00:01:49.530 --> 00:01:52.890
which is the sum of the
protons and neutrons.
00:01:52.890 --> 00:01:55.830
So the notation for this isotope of carbon
00:01:55.830 --> 00:01:57.153
would look like this.
00:01:58.230 --> 00:02:00.510
We have the chemical symbol C
00:02:00.510 --> 00:02:03.720
with the mass number 12
written at its top-left,
00:02:03.720 --> 00:02:07.743
and the atomic number 6
written at its bottom-left.
00:02:08.670 --> 00:02:13.470
But for the isotope with
6 protons and 7 neutrons,
00:02:13.470 --> 00:02:17.820
the mass number would be 6 plus 7, or 13.
00:02:17.820 --> 00:02:21.843
So the notation for the carbon
isotope would be as follows.
00:02:22.980 --> 00:02:25.830
Here, we have the chemical symbol C
00:02:25.830 --> 00:02:29.280
with the mass number 13
written at its top-left,
00:02:29.280 --> 00:02:32.523
and the atomic number 6
written at its bottom-left.
00:02:33.660 --> 00:02:36.570
Notice that the chemical
symbol and atomic number
00:02:36.570 --> 00:02:40.230
share the same information,
the identity of the element,
00:02:40.230 --> 00:02:43.140
and are the same for both isotopes,
00:02:43.140 --> 00:02:46.500
but the mass number is
different for each isotope
00:02:46.500 --> 00:02:49.650
depending on the number of neutrons.
00:02:49.650 --> 00:02:52.230
Another notation that is used for isotopes
00:02:52.230 --> 00:02:55.140
is the chemical symbol
or the element's name,
00:02:55.140 --> 00:02:58.170
symbolized by X, followed by a hyphen,
00:02:58.170 --> 00:03:02.390
and the mass number,
symbolized by A, so X-A.
00:03:04.740 --> 00:03:07.680
Let's return to our
carbon isotopes example.
00:03:07.680 --> 00:03:11.910
For the carbon isotope that
has 6 protons and 6 neutrons,
00:03:11.910 --> 00:03:16.800
we write that as C-12 or carbon-12.
00:03:16.800 --> 00:03:20.940
For the carbon isotope with
6 protons and 7 neutrons,
00:03:20.940 --> 00:03:24.993
we write that as C-13 or carbon-13.
00:03:26.160 --> 00:03:29.460
Let's wrap up this video
with a quick recap.
00:03:29.460 --> 00:03:31.320
We know that elements are defined
00:03:31.320 --> 00:03:34.020
by the number of protons in their atoms,
00:03:34.020 --> 00:03:36.240
but atoms of the same element
00:03:36.240 --> 00:03:38.820
can have different numbers of neutrons.
00:03:38.820 --> 00:03:41.070
These are called isotopes.
00:03:41.070 --> 00:03:43.890
Because isotopes have
different numbers of neutrons,
00:03:43.890 --> 00:03:46.500
they also have different mass numbers,
00:03:46.500 --> 00:03:49.080
which are the sum of
the protons and neutrons
00:03:49.080 --> 00:03:50.793
in each isotope's atom.
00:03:51.900 --> 00:03:55.530
An atom's mass number can be
described by the equation,
00:03:55.530 --> 00:03:59.520
mass number equals the number of protons,
00:03:59.520 --> 00:04:02.220
plus the number of neutrons.
00:04:02.220 --> 00:04:04.980
And lastly, we can describe isotopes
00:04:04.980 --> 00:04:06.900
using a couple of different notations,
00:04:06.900 --> 00:04:08.223
which are shown below.
|
Elements and atomic number | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQi8FwPSu5o | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=OQi8FwPSu5o&ei=n1WUZaD6II64vdIPh6GjmAo&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=58EB3C5FE24968F2028644C2E4BD19E43D26B076.0930E33668A35ADA406CBAE750CC2FC25C1958A3&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.660 --> 00:00:02.790
- [Instructor] We know that
everything in the universe
00:00:02.790 --> 00:00:04.860
is composed of atoms,
00:00:04.860 --> 00:00:07.443
but not all atoms are the same.
00:00:08.340 --> 00:00:11.880
There are many different types
of atoms called elements,
00:00:11.880 --> 00:00:16.050
each with a unique set of
physical and chemical properties.
00:00:16.050 --> 00:00:18.900
Many elements are
probably familiar to you.
00:00:18.900 --> 00:00:22.110
Oxygen and carbon, for
example, are elements,
00:00:22.110 --> 00:00:23.643
and so is gold.
00:00:25.170 --> 00:00:27.150
Others may be less familiar
00:00:27.150 --> 00:00:30.243
such as bismuth, xenon, and osmium.
00:00:32.340 --> 00:00:34.290
A particular element is identified
00:00:34.290 --> 00:00:36.750
by the number of protons in its atoms.
00:00:36.750 --> 00:00:40.080
And the number of protons
in the nucleus of an atom
00:00:40.080 --> 00:00:43.983
is its atomic number,
represented by the symbol Z.
00:00:45.000 --> 00:00:49.050
For example, helium has
an atomic number of two.
00:00:49.050 --> 00:00:53.520
That means that every
helium atom has two protons.
00:00:53.520 --> 00:00:56.940
And here's another example, iron,
00:00:56.940 --> 00:00:59.250
its atomic number is 26,
00:00:59.250 --> 00:01:03.003
so every iron atom has 26 protons.
00:01:03.930 --> 00:01:06.480
An element's atomic
number can also tell us
00:01:06.480 --> 00:01:10.200
the number of electrons in a
neutral atom of an element.
00:01:10.200 --> 00:01:14.430
Remember, equal and opposite
charges cancel each other out
00:01:14.430 --> 00:01:16.200
so to be neutral,
00:01:16.200 --> 00:01:19.320
an atom must have an
equal number of protons,
00:01:19.320 --> 00:01:21.210
which have a charge of 1+,
00:01:21.210 --> 00:01:23.577
and electrons, which have a charge of 1-.
00:01:24.570 --> 00:01:27.900
This means that our helium
atom must have two electrons
00:01:27.900 --> 00:01:31.683
and our iron atom must have 26 electrons.
00:01:33.210 --> 00:01:34.710
All of the known elements
00:01:34.710 --> 00:01:37.770
are organized according
to their atomic numbers
00:01:37.770 --> 00:01:39.660
in the periodic table.
00:01:39.660 --> 00:01:42.240
The periodic table lists the elements
00:01:42.240 --> 00:01:44.460
in order of increasing atomic number
00:01:44.460 --> 00:01:48.630
as you go from left to right
and from top to bottom.
00:01:48.630 --> 00:01:51.570
The elements are further
organized into columns
00:01:51.570 --> 00:01:53.340
based on their properties.
00:01:53.340 --> 00:01:54.960
Elements in the same column
00:01:54.960 --> 00:01:58.263
tend to have similar physical
and chemical properties.
00:01:59.370 --> 00:02:03.150
Every element is represented
by a chemical symbol,
00:02:03.150 --> 00:02:05.790
a unique one or two letter abbreviation
00:02:05.790 --> 00:02:08.310
that appears below the
element's atomic number
00:02:08.310 --> 00:02:10.200
on the periodic table.
00:02:10.200 --> 00:02:11.280
Many chemical symbols
00:02:11.280 --> 00:02:14.100
are based on the English
name for an element.
00:02:14.100 --> 00:02:17.130
For example, the symbol for hydrogen is H,
00:02:17.130 --> 00:02:19.413
and the symbol for aluminum is Al.
00:02:20.250 --> 00:02:21.930
But some chemical symbols
00:02:21.930 --> 00:02:24.660
are based on the Latin
name for the element.
00:02:24.660 --> 00:02:28.050
For example, the symbol for lead is Pb,
00:02:28.050 --> 00:02:32.100
which actually comes from
its Latin name plumbum.
00:02:32.100 --> 00:02:34.200
Notice that whenever the chemical symbol
00:02:34.200 --> 00:02:36.330
for an element has two letters,
00:02:36.330 --> 00:02:38.793
the second letter is written in lowercase.
00:02:40.140 --> 00:02:42.360
All of this information is contained
00:02:42.360 --> 00:02:45.930
inside of each element's
box on the periodic table.
00:02:45.930 --> 00:02:49.620
For example, here's the box
for the element nitrogen.
00:02:49.620 --> 00:02:50.850
At the top of the box
00:02:50.850 --> 00:02:54.480
is nitrogen's atomic
number, which is seven.
00:02:54.480 --> 00:02:56.010
Remember that this is equal
00:02:56.010 --> 00:02:59.520
to the number of protons
in each atom of nitrogen
00:02:59.520 --> 00:03:02.460
as well as the number of electrons.
00:03:02.460 --> 00:03:05.940
Below that is nitrogen's
chemical symbol, N,
00:03:05.940 --> 00:03:07.920
followed by its name.
00:03:07.920 --> 00:03:10.020
Often, you'll also see another number
00:03:10.020 --> 00:03:12.360
listed at the bottom of an elements box,
00:03:12.360 --> 00:03:15.120
which has to do with atomic mass.
00:03:15.120 --> 00:03:18.600
We'll cover details about
this and another video.
00:03:18.600 --> 00:03:20.070
What's neat about having
00:03:20.070 --> 00:03:22.230
all of this information in one place
00:03:22.230 --> 00:03:25.740
is that if we know one
detail about an element,
00:03:25.740 --> 00:03:29.700
either it's atomic number,
chemical symbol, or a name,
00:03:29.700 --> 00:03:31.770
we can often use the periodic table
00:03:31.770 --> 00:03:34.230
to find out the other details.
00:03:34.230 --> 00:03:36.720
Let's take a look at a few examples.
00:03:36.720 --> 00:03:39.660
Say we have the element phosphorus,
00:03:39.660 --> 00:03:42.873
what is its atomic number
and chemical symbol?
00:03:44.070 --> 00:03:45.960
Looking through the periodic table,
00:03:45.960 --> 00:03:47.460
we can find phosphorus
00:03:47.460 --> 00:03:50.490
and see that its atomic number is 15
00:03:50.490 --> 00:03:52.773
and its chemical symbol is P.
00:03:53.640 --> 00:03:55.650
Let's do another example.
00:03:55.650 --> 00:03:59.160
Say we know the chemical symbol Hg,
00:03:59.160 --> 00:04:00.780
what is this element's name
00:04:00.780 --> 00:04:03.243
and how many protons does it have?
00:04:04.320 --> 00:04:07.680
Here is the symbol Hg
on the periodic table.
00:04:07.680 --> 00:04:09.120
Its name is mercury,
00:04:09.120 --> 00:04:11.040
and its atomic number is 80
00:04:11.040 --> 00:04:13.593
so it has 80 protons.
00:04:14.790 --> 00:04:16.230
Let's reveal.
00:04:16.230 --> 00:04:17.670
The universe is made up
00:04:17.670 --> 00:04:20.430
of different types of
atoms called elements,
00:04:20.430 --> 00:04:23.490
and these elements are
organized by atomic number
00:04:23.490 --> 00:04:25.410
in the periodic table.
00:04:25.410 --> 00:04:29.250
So, the next time that you
stare up at the starry sky,
00:04:29.250 --> 00:04:33.153
you know that everything out
there is made up of elements.
|
Protons, neutrons, and electrons in atoms | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lz_gMkQr7YE | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=lz_gMkQr7YE&ei=n1WUZcWxIO2txN8PsvqIsAs&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=DE0BDC61BEE5B86CDBD681C5EAC74824CD15847A.247D7DD8A02E2425E7185CEE51C4FB75B457CC2E&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.495 --> 00:00:03.960
- [Instructor] Everything in
our world is made up of atoms.
00:00:03.960 --> 00:00:05.880
Yep, everything.
00:00:05.880 --> 00:00:08.760
From the air we breathe
to the water we drink,
00:00:08.760 --> 00:00:11.580
even the materials inside our cellphones.
00:00:11.580 --> 00:00:13.800
But what are atoms exactly?
00:00:13.800 --> 00:00:15.870
What's inside of these atoms?
00:00:15.870 --> 00:00:18.123
What makes an atom an atom?
00:00:19.050 --> 00:00:22.500
Atoms are tiny particles that
are basic units of matter,
00:00:22.500 --> 00:00:24.180
like building blocks.
00:00:24.180 --> 00:00:26.280
But atoms themselves are made up
00:00:26.280 --> 00:00:29.490
of even smaller subatomic particles,
00:00:29.490 --> 00:00:33.063
called protons, neutrons, and electrons.
00:00:33.930 --> 00:00:35.728
Let's take a look at
the simplified diagram
00:00:35.728 --> 00:00:38.430
to learn more about
these subatomic particles
00:00:38.430 --> 00:00:40.800
and the structure of an atom.
00:00:40.800 --> 00:00:43.710
In the center of an atom,
we have the nucleus,
00:00:43.710 --> 00:00:47.520
which is composed of protons and neutrons.
00:00:47.520 --> 00:00:50.880
Outside the nucleus, we
have the electron cloud.
00:00:50.880 --> 00:00:54.475
This is where electrons are
most likely to be found.
00:00:54.475 --> 00:00:58.110
I've drawn the nucleus much
larger than it really is,
00:00:58.110 --> 00:01:00.270
but an atom's electron cloud can be
00:01:00.270 --> 00:01:03.900
100,000 times larger than its nucleus.
00:01:03.900 --> 00:01:06.210
So the electron cloud actually makes up
00:01:06.210 --> 00:01:08.043
most of the atom's volume.
00:01:08.970 --> 00:01:11.640
Protons, neutrons, and electrons differ
00:01:11.640 --> 00:01:14.068
in terms of their charge and mass.
00:01:14.068 --> 00:01:17.130
Let's take a look at charge first.
00:01:17.130 --> 00:01:20.400
Protons have a positive
charge of one plus,
00:01:20.400 --> 00:01:24.390
and electrons have a
negative charge of one minus.
00:01:24.390 --> 00:01:27.030
These charges are equal and opposite,
00:01:27.030 --> 00:01:30.900
so when protons and electrons
are paired in atoms,
00:01:30.900 --> 00:01:33.030
their charges cancel.
00:01:33.030 --> 00:01:36.483
Neutrons have no charge,
which means they are neutral.
00:01:37.590 --> 00:01:39.180
What about mass?
00:01:39.180 --> 00:01:41.550
The unit we use to express the masses
00:01:41.550 --> 00:01:45.600
of subatomic particles is
the unified atomic mass unit,
00:01:45.600 --> 00:01:47.163
abbreviated as U.
00:01:48.120 --> 00:01:52.620
Protons and neutrons have
a similar mass about one U.
00:01:52.620 --> 00:01:54.840
In comparison, electrons have a mass
00:01:54.840 --> 00:01:58.710
of about 0.0005 U,
00:01:58.710 --> 00:02:01.350
which makes them roughly
2,000 times smaller
00:02:01.350 --> 00:02:04.410
than either a proton or a neutron.
00:02:04.410 --> 00:02:06.372
This means that nearly all the mass
00:02:06.372 --> 00:02:08.692
of an atom resides in the nucleus,
00:02:08.692 --> 00:02:10.983
and not in the electron cloud.
00:02:12.330 --> 00:02:15.390
Atoms make up everything in our world,
00:02:15.390 --> 00:02:18.390
even though the air we
breathe, the water we drink,
00:02:18.390 --> 00:02:20.190
and the cellphones we use all look
00:02:20.190 --> 00:02:22.290
really different from one another,
00:02:22.290 --> 00:02:25.290
the atoms that make up these
things are all composed
00:02:25.290 --> 00:02:27.600
of the same subatomic particles;
00:02:27.600 --> 00:02:30.453
protons, neutrons, and electrons.
|
Irregular plural nouns | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhBhHW__Oxg | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=hhBhHW__Oxg&ei=n1WUZbvNGoXlxN8PkLuTuA0&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=2C4522105C80D883BA77FBF26C9084F45CD51991.A91F79D371C75493B893D8E0FCFBA1EAACCDB450&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.270 --> 00:00:01.380
- [David] Hello, grammarians.
00:00:01.380 --> 00:00:04.860
Today, we're going to be talking
about the irregular plural.
00:00:04.860 --> 00:00:08.550
Previously, I had said that
if you take any English word,
00:00:08.550 --> 00:00:10.503
any noun, say the word dog,
00:00:11.940 --> 00:00:14.730
and you tack an S onto
the end of it like so,
00:00:14.730 --> 00:00:16.320
boop, you get the word dogs.
00:00:16.320 --> 00:00:20.700
And that's how you form
the plural in all cases.
00:00:20.700 --> 00:00:23.160
I was lying, sorry.
00:00:23.160 --> 00:00:25.830
It turns out that English is
a little bit more complicated
00:00:25.830 --> 00:00:26.663
than that.
00:00:26.663 --> 00:00:28.530
While adding an S to things
00:00:28.530 --> 00:00:31.140
is the way you usually make things plural,
00:00:31.140 --> 00:00:32.820
sometimes there are other changes.
00:00:32.820 --> 00:00:34.890
And sometimes you don't even pluralize
00:00:34.890 --> 00:00:36.120
using an S at the end,
00:00:36.120 --> 00:00:37.290
but we're not gonna talk about that now.
00:00:37.290 --> 00:00:38.730
That's for another time.
00:00:38.730 --> 00:00:40.830
What I wanna talk about today
00:00:40.830 --> 00:00:43.980
is the most basic kind
of irregular plural.
00:00:43.980 --> 00:00:45.990
So we have the difference in English
00:00:45.990 --> 00:00:50.973
between regular and irregular plurals.
00:00:56.430 --> 00:00:57.263
And remember,
00:00:57.263 --> 00:01:01.380
a plural is when there's
more than one of something.
00:01:01.380 --> 00:01:06.087
It comes from the Latin
plus, which means "more."
00:01:07.020 --> 00:01:08.880
As opposed to the singular
00:01:08.880 --> 00:01:11.373
when there is just one of something.
00:01:16.440 --> 00:01:20.730
You know, one dog, two dogs.
00:01:20.730 --> 00:01:22.680
So there's a handful of words in English,
00:01:22.680 --> 00:01:24.210
and it really is a handful,
00:01:24.210 --> 00:01:26.793
that don't pluralize regularly.
00:01:27.840 --> 00:01:30.723
Words like "leaf" and "loaf"
00:01:32.070 --> 00:01:35.250
and "calf," that's a baby cow.
00:01:35.250 --> 00:01:36.810
If you try to pluralize these
00:01:36.810 --> 00:01:38.220
as though they were regular plurals,
00:01:38.220 --> 00:01:42.000
you're gonna return something
that is not correct,
00:01:42.000 --> 00:01:43.680
or at least is not conventional
00:01:43.680 --> 00:01:46.890
within modern standard
American English, right?
00:01:46.890 --> 00:01:48.810
So "leafs," for example,
00:01:48.810 --> 00:01:51.030
unless you're talking about
the Toronto hockey team,
00:01:51.030 --> 00:01:52.770
is not correct.
00:01:52.770 --> 00:01:54.630
In fact, the proper term,
00:01:54.630 --> 00:01:57.150
boop, boop, boop, boop, boop, boop,
00:01:57.150 --> 00:02:00.000
is in fact "leaves."
00:02:00.000 --> 00:02:03.840
It is not "loafs," but "loaves."
00:02:03.840 --> 00:02:05.460
Tasty loaves of bread.
00:02:05.460 --> 00:02:09.690
It is not "calfs," but "calves."
00:02:09.690 --> 00:02:12.300
So there are several different
kinds of irregular plurals.
00:02:12.300 --> 00:02:14.430
That's why this video is called Part I,
00:02:14.430 --> 00:02:17.250
but I'm only going to cover one
such irregular plural today,
00:02:17.250 --> 00:02:22.120
and that is the change from
singular f to plural ve
00:02:22.980 --> 00:02:25.560
An important caveat, an
important exception here
00:02:25.560 --> 00:02:26.760
is double-f.
00:02:26.760 --> 00:02:29.550
Words like "cliff" or
"sheriff" or "sniff,"
00:02:29.550 --> 00:02:33.240
do not change to ve or ves in the plural.
00:02:33.240 --> 00:02:36.690
They become "cliffs,"
"sheriffs," "sniffs."
00:02:36.690 --> 00:02:38.370
There are exceptions to that too, right?
00:02:38.370 --> 00:02:40.020
Like "staff" to "staves."
00:02:40.020 --> 00:02:43.680
But for the most part,
double-f doesn't change to ve.
00:02:43.680 --> 00:02:45.120
Single f mostly does, right?
00:02:45.120 --> 00:02:46.380
That's the general rule.
00:02:46.380 --> 00:02:47.850
Singular word, ends in f,
00:02:47.850 --> 00:02:49.687
the plur will be ves.
00:02:49.687 --> 00:02:53.400
"Leaf" to "leaves," "loaf" to
"loaves," "calf" to "calves."
00:02:53.400 --> 00:02:56.850
Generally, for the most part.
00:02:56.850 --> 00:02:59.070
English, ah, so silly.
00:02:59.070 --> 00:03:02.670
Who's driving this
thing? We love it though.
00:03:02.670 --> 00:03:05.073
You can learn anything. David out.
|
Khanmigo: Co-create a Rubric Activity | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIWOM7t6V1E | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=zIWOM7t6V1E&ei=n1WUZa-0I-C4vdIP1OeLgAU&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=8EE8FEDE8F3BFAA79CB3C99E5F6E171646952BF4.E536B566E9B069C7F9FC28265D16BF1A7A3931DE&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.750 --> 00:00:02.010
- [Instructor] This is Khanmigo,
00:00:02.010 --> 00:00:05.730
an AI-powered guide designed
to help all students learn.
00:00:05.730 --> 00:00:07.860
Khanmigo is not just for students,
00:00:07.860 --> 00:00:09.630
teachers can use Khanmigo too,
00:00:09.630 --> 00:00:11.490
by toggling from the Student mode
00:00:11.490 --> 00:00:13.410
to Teacher mode in any course,
00:00:13.410 --> 00:00:15.570
and teachers can always access Khanmigo
00:00:15.570 --> 00:00:17.910
by selecting the AI Activities button
00:00:17.910 --> 00:00:20.160
located at the top of
the teacher dashboard.
00:00:20.160 --> 00:00:23.130
Khanmigo has many exciting
features that support teachers,
00:00:23.130 --> 00:00:26.790
and this video will showcase
ways teachers can use Khanmigo
00:00:26.790 --> 00:00:28.890
to create core-specific rubrics
00:00:28.890 --> 00:00:31.680
to enhance learning
experiences for their students.
00:00:31.680 --> 00:00:34.380
Once I select the
Co-create a Rubric feature,
00:00:34.380 --> 00:00:36.780
Khanmigo requests the
objective for the lesson,
00:00:36.780 --> 00:00:39.180
and wants to know what
I'm planning to grade.
00:00:39.180 --> 00:00:42.510
If I know the standard, I
can include that as well.
00:00:42.510 --> 00:00:45.450
My students are going to
be writing a research paper
00:00:45.450 --> 00:00:48.900
for a science lesson
that we just completed.
00:00:48.900 --> 00:00:52.830
The standard is this,
00:00:52.830 --> 00:00:56.490
I love that Khanmigo knows
exactly what I'm talking about.
00:00:56.490 --> 00:00:58.740
Khanmigo will then ask
me a series of questions
00:00:58.740 --> 00:01:01.920
throughout this process, so
that we are truly collaborating
00:01:01.920 --> 00:01:04.590
to co-create the perfect
rubric that I want.
00:01:04.590 --> 00:01:05.550
Throughout the process,
00:01:05.550 --> 00:01:08.010
Khanmigo's always going to want my input
00:01:08.010 --> 00:01:10.440
and ask me if I wanna make any changes.
00:01:10.440 --> 00:01:14.130
Could you simplify the
explanation a bit for my students?
00:01:14.130 --> 00:01:16.470
Ah, this is much better.
00:01:16.470 --> 00:01:18.510
Once I've answered all
of Khanmigo's questions,
00:01:18.510 --> 00:01:19.590
the magic begins,
00:01:19.590 --> 00:01:23.100
and Khanmigo creates a rubric
that is detailed and specific
00:01:23.100 --> 00:01:24.840
so my students will know exactly
00:01:24.840 --> 00:01:26.580
what they're being graded on.
00:01:26.580 --> 00:01:29.160
And if I have any EL students,
00:01:29.160 --> 00:01:31.920
I can always ask Khanmigo
to translate the rubric
00:01:31.920 --> 00:01:34.230
for my students or my parents.
00:01:34.230 --> 00:01:36.900
This is saving me so much time.
00:01:36.900 --> 00:01:38.300
Thank you so much, Khanmigo.
|
Khanmigo: Class Snapshot Activity | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w9w8TJljZkQ | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=w9w8TJljZkQ&ei=n1WUZeuGI9m-mLAP3NiTiAk&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=68194CB599D49ADD9BD457DE6D3190072A0C1EED.AA15615E38973A78CD4D4A20E1F00B4890F61B0C&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.880
- [Narrator] This is
Khanmigo, an AI-powered guide
00:00:02.880 --> 00:00:05.340
designed to help all students learn.
00:00:05.340 --> 00:00:07.830
Khanmigo is not just for students though.
00:00:07.830 --> 00:00:09.570
Teachers can use Khanmigo too
00:00:09.570 --> 00:00:13.020
by toggling from Student
Mode to Teacher Mode.
00:00:13.020 --> 00:00:15.600
Once in Teacher Mode, Khanmigo transforms
00:00:15.600 --> 00:00:18.270
into the teaching assistant
you've always wanted.
00:00:18.270 --> 00:00:21.330
Khanmigo has many exciting
features that support teachers
00:00:21.330 --> 00:00:25.140
and this video will showcase
ways teachers can use Khanmigo
00:00:25.140 --> 00:00:27.330
to track their students' progress.
00:00:27.330 --> 00:00:30.033
This feature is called the Class Snapshot.
00:00:30.900 --> 00:00:34.140
Once the Class Snapshot
feature is selected,
00:00:34.140 --> 00:00:36.360
Khanmigo will ask you which course
00:00:36.360 --> 00:00:38.970
do you want to use the Class Snapshot for?
00:00:38.970 --> 00:00:41.280
I'm going to select Algebra 1.
00:00:41.280 --> 00:00:44.640
Once that button is selected,
Khanmigo springs into action
00:00:44.640 --> 00:00:47.460
and tells me how my
students have performed
00:00:47.460 --> 00:00:49.980
the last seven days in my course.
00:00:49.980 --> 00:00:52.830
Khanmigo will show me their learning time.
00:00:52.830 --> 00:00:54.840
Khanmigo will show me
how they're performing
00:00:54.840 --> 00:00:57.300
on their assignments,
how they're performing
00:00:57.300 --> 00:01:00.360
on their skills, and
how they are performing
00:01:00.360 --> 00:01:02.313
towards their mastery goals.
00:01:03.150 --> 00:01:06.030
Khanmigo also includes additional
prompts to help guide me
00:01:06.030 --> 00:01:09.630
into diving into my students'
data, such as which students
00:01:09.630 --> 00:01:12.810
should I celebrate for their
work on their assignments?
00:01:12.810 --> 00:01:15.360
Who needs a check-in about
their skills progress
00:01:15.360 --> 00:01:16.710
for the week?
00:01:16.710 --> 00:01:20.070
Give me a list of
students who are above 25%
00:01:20.070 --> 00:01:21.750
on their mastery goal.
00:01:21.750 --> 00:01:24.000
And I think this one may be my favorite,
00:01:24.000 --> 00:01:26.520
group my class by their recommendations.
00:01:26.520 --> 00:01:29.370
This feature really does
help me when I wanna do
00:01:29.370 --> 00:01:31.560
skill-based group instruction.
00:01:31.560 --> 00:01:33.660
When I select the who needs a check-in
00:01:33.660 --> 00:01:35.850
about their skills progress for the week,
00:01:35.850 --> 00:01:38.430
Khanmigo creates a list of students
00:01:38.430 --> 00:01:40.680
that they think I should check on
00:01:40.680 --> 00:01:42.510
who may need a nudge in the course
00:01:42.510 --> 00:01:46.200
because they haven't been
leveling up two skills per week.
00:01:46.200 --> 00:01:48.180
I'm able to see the list of students.
00:01:48.180 --> 00:01:51.360
And again, Khanmigo
gives me a helpful link
00:01:51.360 --> 00:01:54.660
that I could click on that
will give me direct access
00:01:54.660 --> 00:01:56.910
to the report that I need.
00:01:56.910 --> 00:01:59.010
After having my data
chats with my students
00:01:59.010 --> 00:02:01.650
who are struggling, I
can also use Khanmigo
00:02:01.650 --> 00:02:04.380
to help me draft an email
that I can send home
00:02:04.380 --> 00:02:08.130
to parents about their students' progress.
00:02:08.130 --> 00:02:13.130
Create a parent letter for
Paul about his progress.
00:02:21.630 --> 00:02:25.863
And then I just let Khanmigo
do Khanmigo's magic.
00:02:27.180 --> 00:02:30.390
This is wonderful. Thank
you so much, Khanmigo.
00:02:30.390 --> 00:02:34.500
Oops, I totally forgot.
Paul's mom speaks Spanish.
00:02:34.500 --> 00:02:39.500
Could you please
translate this to Spanish?
00:02:43.740 --> 00:02:47.730
Again, one click of the
button and my email is ready
00:02:47.730 --> 00:02:49.680
to go to Paul's mom.
00:02:49.680 --> 00:02:53.310
This is an amazing feature.
Thank you so much, Khanmigo.
00:02:53.310 --> 00:02:54.960
I appreciate all of your help.
00:02:54.960 --> 00:02:57.450
You have saved me so much time.
00:02:57.450 --> 00:03:00.030
Thanks so much for watching
and be on the lookout
00:03:00.030 --> 00:03:03.240
for more videos to come
on how to use Khanmigo
00:03:03.240 --> 00:03:05.043
to support your students.
|
Khanmigo: Teacher Activities Overview | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bSvIn4fm2GQ | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=bSvIn4fm2GQ&ei=n1WUZbmXINKmmLAPnIGbuAI&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=DC533604549C66A3F69B92F87F97C65541295260.1521EFC1BBFBCA4B811C63D8E553BAABA9E59F73&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.890 --> 00:00:04.380
- [Instructor] This is
Khanmigo, an AI-powered guide
00:00:04.380 --> 00:00:06.930
designed to help all students learn.
00:00:06.930 --> 00:00:09.030
Khanmigo is not just for students, though,
00:00:09.030 --> 00:00:11.070
teachers can use Khanmigo too.
00:00:11.070 --> 00:00:13.920
In fact, when teachers access Khanmigo,
00:00:13.920 --> 00:00:16.470
their device will transform
into the teaching assistant
00:00:16.470 --> 00:00:17.760
they've always wanted.
00:00:17.760 --> 00:00:19.560
Let's take a look.
00:00:19.560 --> 00:00:21.630
Upon entering Khanmigo's dashboard,
00:00:21.630 --> 00:00:23.490
you're able to see all
of the wonderful things
00:00:23.490 --> 00:00:25.560
that Khanmigo can do.
00:00:25.560 --> 00:00:27.780
Khanmigo can give you a class snapshot
00:00:27.780 --> 00:00:30.750
into your student's activity
the last seven days.
00:00:30.750 --> 00:00:33.150
It can summarize your
student's chat history
00:00:33.150 --> 00:00:35.670
so you can see what they've been up to.
00:00:35.670 --> 00:00:38.640
Need help with a upcoming lesson plan?
00:00:38.640 --> 00:00:40.563
Khanmigo can help with that too.
00:00:41.580 --> 00:00:45.420
Feeling iffy about a lesson
that you are about to teach?
00:00:45.420 --> 00:00:47.070
Khanmigo's refresh my knowledge
00:00:47.070 --> 00:00:49.290
will help you prepare for it.
00:00:49.290 --> 00:00:51.360
I can use Khanmigo to help me come up
00:00:51.360 --> 00:00:52.830
with a creative lesson hook
00:00:52.830 --> 00:00:56.460
that gets my students excited
about an upcoming lesson.
00:00:56.460 --> 00:00:58.920
Khanmigo can help me
write learning objectives
00:00:58.920 --> 00:01:00.543
for that unit as well.
00:01:01.800 --> 00:01:03.780
Khanmigo can help me
create a writing rubric
00:01:03.780 --> 00:01:06.540
for my students' next essay or assignment,
00:01:06.540 --> 00:01:08.250
and Khanmigo can write unique,
00:01:08.250 --> 00:01:10.260
thought-provoking exit ticket questions
00:01:10.260 --> 00:01:13.083
that I can use as checks
for understanding.
00:01:14.010 --> 00:01:16.800
I can also use Khanmigo to
collaborate with my students
00:01:16.800 --> 00:01:20.403
to create a fun class summary
poem that I know they'll love.
00:01:21.330 --> 00:01:23.520
Ready to see Khanmigo in action?
00:01:23.520 --> 00:01:25.230
Great, me too!
00:01:25.230 --> 00:01:27.660
I'm gonna start off with
refresh my knowledge
00:01:27.660 --> 00:01:31.860
because next week I'm covering
a unit on the parts of speech
00:01:31.860 --> 00:01:36.007
and it's been a little while,
so I'm just gonna type in,
00:01:36.007 --> 00:01:38.337
"parts of speech."
00:01:39.240 --> 00:01:42.097
I also have to let Khanmigo
know my grade level,
00:01:42.097 --> 00:01:44.007
"7th grade."
00:01:49.380 --> 00:01:51.510
Amazing, with one click of the button,
00:01:51.510 --> 00:01:53.790
Khanmigo is able to give me a overview
00:01:53.790 --> 00:01:55.470
of the five major concepts,
00:01:55.470 --> 00:01:58.320
and then offers to support
me a little bit more
00:01:58.320 --> 00:02:00.900
by offering to quiz me on the topic
00:02:00.900 --> 00:02:03.150
and learn through conversation.
00:02:03.150 --> 00:02:07.110
Now I want to come up with
a creative lesson hook
00:02:07.110 --> 00:02:12.110
for my students, so we
are going to cover nouns.
00:02:14.850 --> 00:02:18.000
These are good, but I would
like to make it funny.
00:02:18.000 --> 00:02:21.570
So Khanmigo, can you make it funny?
00:02:21.570 --> 00:02:25.620
Absolutely, humor is a fantastic
way to engage students.
00:02:25.620 --> 00:02:29.100
I couldn't agree more,
thank you so much, Khanmigo.
00:02:29.100 --> 00:02:32.970
Now, could you help me
create a lesson plan on nouns
00:02:32.970 --> 00:02:35.193
to introduce the topic to my students?
00:02:36.660 --> 00:02:39.453
I would love one on introduction to nouns.
00:02:41.880 --> 00:02:44.310
And again, with one click of a button,
00:02:44.310 --> 00:02:48.663
Khanmigo creates an
incredible lesson plan for me.
00:02:49.530 --> 00:02:52.230
Wow, this is incredible!
00:02:52.230 --> 00:02:54.060
Okay, can we please print this?
00:02:54.060 --> 00:02:56.760
This is amazing!
00:02:56.760 --> 00:02:59.343
Khanmigo included the learning objective,
00:03:00.360 --> 00:03:03.090
the activities that my
students are going to do,
00:03:03.090 --> 00:03:05.340
the exit ticket, key terms,
00:03:05.340 --> 00:03:07.080
the resources that I'm going to need,
00:03:07.080 --> 00:03:09.000
and then a lesson summary.
00:03:09.000 --> 00:03:11.550
This is absolutely incredible.
00:03:11.550 --> 00:03:13.860
In just a few minutes, Khanmigo,
00:03:13.860 --> 00:03:18.000
my new teaching assistant,
has saved me so many hours
00:03:18.000 --> 00:03:21.450
of planning time to help me
create a quality lesson plan
00:03:21.450 --> 00:03:23.310
for my students.
00:03:23.310 --> 00:03:25.260
Incorporating Khanmigo into the classroom
00:03:25.260 --> 00:03:27.660
is going to be a game
changer for teachers.
00:03:27.660 --> 00:03:29.790
Khanmigo's insights and suggestions
00:03:29.790 --> 00:03:31.680
are going to enhance classroom learning
00:03:31.680 --> 00:03:35.400
and make teachers' lives easier
by saving them so much time
00:03:35.400 --> 00:03:36.870
so that we'll have the ability
00:03:36.870 --> 00:03:40.260
to focus on what's
important, our students.
00:03:40.260 --> 00:03:41.523
Thank you, Khanmigo.
|
Khanmigo: Create a Lesson Plan Activity | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AW7gOaq5Cqk | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=AW7gOaq5Cqk&ei=n1WUZe-nIPGXhcIPnb6ZgAk&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=0FF736A28FDC6860E07F88D15F8A0CDF456BC345.DFEAB85532EFA46CD8D92F98DCE9CDECBF37083E&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.750 --> 00:00:02.010
- This is Khanmigo,
00:00:02.010 --> 00:00:05.730
an AI powered guide designed
to help all students learn.
00:00:05.730 --> 00:00:07.860
Khanmigo is not just for students,
00:00:07.860 --> 00:00:09.630
teachers can use Khanmigo too
00:00:09.630 --> 00:00:11.490
by toggling from the student mode
00:00:11.490 --> 00:00:13.410
to teacher mode in any course.
00:00:13.410 --> 00:00:15.570
And teachers can always access Khanmigo
00:00:15.570 --> 00:00:17.910
by selecting the AI activities button
00:00:17.910 --> 00:00:20.400
located at the top of
the teacher dashboard.
00:00:20.400 --> 00:00:23.430
Khanmigo has many exciting
features that support teachers
00:00:23.430 --> 00:00:26.760
and this video will showcase
ways teachers can use Khanmigo
00:00:26.760 --> 00:00:28.830
to create engaging lesson plans
00:00:28.830 --> 00:00:30.300
to help support their students.
00:00:30.300 --> 00:00:34.500
First, I'm going to go to the
course that I'm working from.
00:00:34.500 --> 00:00:36.000
I'd like to create a lesson plan
00:00:36.000 --> 00:00:38.580
from the digital SAT
Reading and Writing course
00:00:38.580 --> 00:00:41.010
that I'm teaching with my students.
00:00:41.010 --> 00:00:42.930
Our next unit is going to be on
00:00:42.930 --> 00:00:44.880
central idea and details,
00:00:44.880 --> 00:00:47.490
so I'm going to select that.
00:00:47.490 --> 00:00:49.020
And once there, it shows me all
00:00:49.020 --> 00:00:51.450
of the different options
that are in there.
00:00:51.450 --> 00:00:55.290
There's an article, some
videos, as well as an exercise.
00:00:55.290 --> 00:00:57.300
This is where I need Khanmigo's help.
00:00:57.300 --> 00:00:59.610
Once I select Khanmigo's button,
00:00:59.610 --> 00:01:01.860
Khanmigo will give me different options
00:01:01.860 --> 00:01:03.120
that it can help with,
00:01:03.120 --> 00:01:06.060
such as giving me a lesson summary
00:01:06.060 --> 00:01:08.640
or helping me prep for a quiz.
00:01:08.640 --> 00:01:11.760
I would love Khanmigo help
with writing a lesson plan,
00:01:11.760 --> 00:01:13.803
so I'm going to select that.
00:01:15.570 --> 00:01:17.700
And as soon as I select that button,
00:01:17.700 --> 00:01:20.163
Khanmigo starts working.
00:01:21.420 --> 00:01:22.890
Let's take a look at the lesson plan
00:01:22.890 --> 00:01:25.530
that Khanmigo created for me.
00:01:25.530 --> 00:01:27.960
Khanmigo has given me
the learning objectives
00:01:27.960 --> 00:01:29.373
for the lesson plan.
00:01:30.813 --> 00:01:34.230
Khanmigo also created
learning activities for me.
00:01:34.230 --> 00:01:35.760
Actually, Khanmigo created
00:01:35.760 --> 00:01:37.830
three different learning
activities for me.
00:01:37.830 --> 00:01:41.220
Here's an activity on identifying
central idea and details.
00:01:41.220 --> 00:01:43.380
Here's a 20 minute activity.
00:01:43.380 --> 00:01:45.900
This one's a 20 minute activity.
00:01:45.900 --> 00:01:47.760
This one's a 10 minute activity.
00:01:47.760 --> 00:01:49.083
These are great.
00:01:50.130 --> 00:01:52.770
Khanmigo also created exit
ticket questions for me
00:01:52.770 --> 00:01:54.513
that I can use with my students.
00:01:55.920 --> 00:01:58.383
Khanmigo included the key terms.
00:02:00.180 --> 00:02:02.430
Khanmigo also included the resources
00:02:02.430 --> 00:02:04.860
that I'm going to need to
help support my students
00:02:04.860 --> 00:02:06.540
with this lesson.
00:02:06.540 --> 00:02:09.780
Wow, Khanmigo also included
prerequisite videos
00:02:09.780 --> 00:02:11.550
that I can share with my students
00:02:11.550 --> 00:02:14.440
to help give them background
knowledge on the topic
00:02:15.450 --> 00:02:17.940
as well as other differentiation options
00:02:17.940 --> 00:02:21.453
for advanced learners
and striving learners.
00:02:22.620 --> 00:02:25.920
And then finally, Khanmigo's
given me a lesson summary
00:02:25.920 --> 00:02:27.990
over what we're going to be doing.
00:02:27.990 --> 00:02:31.290
Here's the introduction,
activity one, activity two,
00:02:31.290 --> 00:02:33.990
activity three, and then the exit ticket.
00:02:33.990 --> 00:02:37.950
Khanmigo lets me know that this
timeline is a rough estimate
00:02:37.950 --> 00:02:41.760
and I may need to adjust depending
on my student's progress,
00:02:41.760 --> 00:02:43.980
but this is so helpful.
00:02:43.980 --> 00:02:45.750
Khanmigo also gives me the option
00:02:45.750 --> 00:02:48.000
to export this lesson plan
00:02:48.000 --> 00:02:50.103
or I can print the lesson plan.
00:02:52.320 --> 00:02:55.320
And because Khanmigo is truly my co-pilot,
00:02:55.320 --> 00:02:59.250
if there's any part of this
lesson plan that I wanna change,
00:02:59.250 --> 00:03:03.000
Khanmigo will do it for
me, no questions asked.
00:03:03.000 --> 00:03:05.160
I just highlight what I want changed,
00:03:05.160 --> 00:03:09.060
and Khanmigo, my co-pilot,
will give me options
00:03:09.060 --> 00:03:11.163
and then makes the changes for me.
00:03:14.160 --> 00:03:16.080
Thank you so much, Khanmigo.
00:03:16.080 --> 00:03:17.553
This is so helpful.
|
Introducing Constitution 101 from Khan Academy and the National Constitution Center | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dlHVKdY7ZY | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=0dlHVKdY7ZY&ei=n1WUZbmwIMmOmLAPuvGH8Ag&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=AA371721AB29F144EFA1498EE29E54477DCA94FA.DA25542805DF6DB0CC847CF71FA871F83FF49B64&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.210 --> 00:00:03.090
- [Narrator] Introducing Constitution 101.
00:00:03.090 --> 00:00:06.330
The National Constitution
Center and Khan Academy
00:00:06.330 --> 00:00:09.660
are teaming up to offer
students a free online course
00:00:09.660 --> 00:00:11.640
on the US Constitution,
00:00:11.640 --> 00:00:14.790
led by conversations
hosted by Jeffrey Rosen,
00:00:14.790 --> 00:00:18.390
president and CEO of the
National Constitution Center,
00:00:18.390 --> 00:00:22.140
and Sal Khan, founder
and CEO of Khan Academy,
00:00:22.140 --> 00:00:24.810
joined by dozens of
constitutional scholars,
00:00:24.810 --> 00:00:28.470
professors, and experts from
diverse political philosophies.
00:00:28.470 --> 00:00:29.370
Students will explore
00:00:29.370 --> 00:00:31.920
the constitution's historical foundations,
00:00:31.920 --> 00:00:33.870
landmark supreme court cases,
00:00:33.870 --> 00:00:36.180
and contemporary constitutional issues,
00:00:36.180 --> 00:00:39.360
pioneered by the founders
and diverse figures
00:00:39.360 --> 00:00:41.430
from across American history.
00:00:41.430 --> 00:00:42.600
The semester long course
00:00:42.600 --> 00:00:45.660
will provide non-partisan
constitutional education
00:00:45.660 --> 00:00:48.450
to counter the civics
crisis facing America,
00:00:48.450 --> 00:00:52.380
where civics achievement is
at the same level as 1998.
00:00:52.380 --> 00:00:55.140
Students will gain knowledge
to become engaged citizens
00:00:55.140 --> 00:00:58.290
and foster an understanding
of diverse viewpoints.
00:00:58.290 --> 00:00:59.550
All of the videos,
00:00:59.550 --> 00:01:02.040
quizzes and exercises will be designed
00:01:02.040 --> 00:01:05.160
to align with state curriculum
standards nationwide.
00:01:05.160 --> 00:01:06.870
It's all on Khan Academy.
00:01:06.870 --> 00:01:10.590
And as always, it's free
to anyone, anywhere.
00:01:10.590 --> 00:01:13.620
Khan Academy and the
National Constitution Center,
00:01:13.620 --> 00:01:16.890
shaping the future of
nonpartisan civic education
00:01:16.890 --> 00:01:20.969
with Constitution 101,
launching September, 2024.
00:01:20.969 --> 00:01:23.552
(upbeat music)
|
Parents: See how to get 24/7 homework help with Khanmigo | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xgaKsbyozk | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=_xgaKsbyozk&ei=n1WUZcb4GsXQhcIP4JW5mAk&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=CE0AD7552CD12AE7FDDF21008EB184D4BD160BE9.4AE4E59C176A4601165AC5BC92CD804F6D5EA948&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:03.570 --> 00:00:04.440
- [Narrator] Hey, parents.
00:00:04.440 --> 00:00:06.420
Do you need help with
your child's homework?
00:00:06.420 --> 00:00:09.390
Let me show you how Khanmigo
can help with homework today.
00:00:09.390 --> 00:00:12.060
So I'm in Khanmigo and
I'm in the Activities tab,
00:00:12.060 --> 00:00:14.730
and I'm going to use the Tutor Me feature.
00:00:14.730 --> 00:00:17.040
So all you have to do, you or your child
00:00:17.040 --> 00:00:19.260
can copy and paste your
child's homework question
00:00:19.260 --> 00:00:20.430
into Khanmigo.
00:00:20.430 --> 00:00:22.380
For example, let's say I need some help
00:00:22.380 --> 00:00:24.030
with this algebra problem.
00:00:24.030 --> 00:00:26.133
Can you help me solve the equation for X?
00:00:27.120 --> 00:00:28.570
Let's see what Khanmigo says.
00:00:31.500 --> 00:00:33.690
So you can see that Khanmigo's
gonna help me figure it out,
00:00:33.690 --> 00:00:35.820
but it's not going to
just give me answers.
00:00:35.820 --> 00:00:38.490
Instead, it's going to guide
me to find the answer myself,
00:00:38.490 --> 00:00:40.410
which is going to really
help me learn this concept.
00:00:40.410 --> 00:00:42.813
So let's say I think
we need to solve for X.
00:00:45.270 --> 00:00:46.500
And it will encourage me,
00:00:46.500 --> 00:00:48.330
it will give me some
tips on some other things
00:00:48.330 --> 00:00:50.520
that I should consider
to solve this problem.
00:00:50.520 --> 00:00:52.590
Now, if I go to ChatGPT
00:00:52.590 --> 00:00:55.560
and I ask it to help me
with the same problem,
00:00:55.560 --> 00:00:59.160
all, as you can see, it's
only gonna give me the answer.
00:00:59.160 --> 00:01:00.570
But that might not necessarily lead
00:01:00.570 --> 00:01:02.940
to my child really developing
deeper understanding
00:01:02.940 --> 00:01:04.770
and learning of their homework.
00:01:04.770 --> 00:01:06.630
So if you want your kids
to get homework help,
00:01:06.630 --> 00:01:09.300
and really understand the
why behind the answer,
00:01:09.300 --> 00:01:10.590
Khanmigo can help.
00:01:10.590 --> 00:01:13.680
That's because we built
Khanmigo with learning in mind.
00:01:13.680 --> 00:01:15.360
So you wanna give it a try yourself.
00:01:15.360 --> 00:01:17.340
Just click the link in
the description below
00:01:17.340 --> 00:01:18.790
to get started with Khanmigo.
|
Khan Academy’s AI Tool for the Classroom: Teacher + Student Edition | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VLEe0kT11UU | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=VLEe0kT11UU&ei=n1WUZeC3G87XxN8P46-hmA4&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=2F6629ADEA567F9046E84327E478F6AB05D5E6BE.1AF8A8A2D269919F9928173B53B827E7970923CF&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:06.300 --> 00:00:08.310
- Welcome, welcome.
00:00:08.310 --> 00:00:11.340
We are going to be starting
promptly at three o'clock,
00:00:11.340 --> 00:00:13.590
but we're gonna start letting
our participants come in.
00:00:13.590 --> 00:00:15.693
So thank you for joining us today.
00:00:18.256 --> 00:00:20.523
- Hello, hello, hello.
00:00:28.001 --> 00:00:30.390
- Thank you all for joining us.
00:00:30.390 --> 00:00:33.150
We still have some participants coming in,
00:00:33.150 --> 00:00:37.653
so we're gonna start promptly
at the top of the hour.
00:00:53.005 --> 00:00:55.231
So as you are coming in,
00:00:55.231 --> 00:01:00.207
if you have any questions at
any time during our session,
00:01:00.207 --> 00:01:02.820
you can drop them in the Q and A.
00:01:02.820 --> 00:01:06.230
We are being joined by some of
our Khan Academy team members
00:01:06.230 --> 00:01:10.200
who will be answering
questions in the Q and A.
00:01:10.200 --> 00:01:14.272
So please feel free at any
time to drop any questions
00:01:14.272 --> 00:01:17.643
that you may have in our Q and A section.
00:01:19.227 --> 00:01:21.333
Have about one more minute.
00:01:51.985 --> 00:01:54.297
All right, it is the top of the hour,
00:01:54.297 --> 00:01:57.741
and so we are going to get started.
00:01:57.741 --> 00:02:01.680
We want to welcome all of you here today
00:02:01.680 --> 00:02:04.749
to join us for our session.
00:02:04.749 --> 00:02:07.950
The title of our session is Khanmigo,
00:02:07.950 --> 00:02:10.509
Khan Academy's AI Tool for the Classroom,
00:02:10.509 --> 00:02:13.050
the Teacher + Student Edition.
00:02:13.050 --> 00:02:15.120
My name is Diona Clingman.
00:02:15.120 --> 00:02:17.269
I am a professional learning specialist
00:02:17.269 --> 00:02:22.269
here at Khan Academy, and
I am also joined by...
00:02:24.330 --> 00:02:25.560
- Hello, hello, everyone.
00:02:25.560 --> 00:02:26.910
My name is Michele Marbra
00:02:26.910 --> 00:02:29.670
and I too am on the
professional learning team
00:02:29.670 --> 00:02:31.020
at Khan Academy
00:02:31.020 --> 00:02:33.903
and I hope everybody is
having a wonderful Wednesday.
00:02:35.168 --> 00:02:39.456
- All right, so we're gonna get started.
00:02:39.456 --> 00:02:44.456
So before we dive into
our content for today,
00:02:44.610 --> 00:02:47.430
we want to hear from you, the audience.
00:02:47.430 --> 00:02:51.450
So using AI to support student
learning is a new concept,
00:02:51.450 --> 00:02:54.780
and so it's gonna be plenty of time
00:02:54.780 --> 00:02:57.390
for everyone to learn
about all the various tools
00:02:57.390 --> 00:03:00.840
that are available to you as an educator.
00:03:00.840 --> 00:03:05.400
So before we get started, we
just want to know from you,
00:03:05.400 --> 00:03:08.640
how familiar are you with
AI and student learning?
00:03:08.640 --> 00:03:11.460
So there's gonna be a poll
that's about to pop up,
00:03:11.460 --> 00:03:14.610
and we just want to know,
are you A, very familiar,
00:03:14.610 --> 00:03:17.340
you regularly use it in your classrooms?
00:03:17.340 --> 00:03:19.740
You might be somewhat familiar.
00:03:19.740 --> 00:03:21.600
You've used it a few times.
00:03:21.600 --> 00:03:23.280
You might be slightly familiar.
00:03:23.280 --> 00:03:25.680
You've heard about it,
tried it once or twice,
00:03:25.680 --> 00:03:27.780
or you're just not familiar at all
00:03:27.780 --> 00:03:29.520
and you're just here to kind of learn
00:03:29.520 --> 00:03:30.840
a little bit more about it.
00:03:30.840 --> 00:03:32.250
So, okay.
00:03:32.250 --> 00:03:35.310
We're seeing that there's
some people somewhat familiar.
00:03:35.310 --> 00:03:36.143
Okay.
00:03:38.670 --> 00:03:40.360
We have some slightly familiar
00:03:43.730 --> 00:03:46.500
'cause, I mean, we're all
learning at this point,
00:03:46.500 --> 00:03:47.640
so this is new.
00:03:47.640 --> 00:03:49.590
So thank you for sharing
00:03:49.590 --> 00:03:51.603
kind of where you are at this point.
00:03:57.990 --> 00:03:58.823
All right.
00:03:58.823 --> 00:04:02.027
And so for those of you
that may not be as familiar,
00:04:02.027 --> 00:04:04.962
we hope by the end of this session,
00:04:04.962 --> 00:04:07.432
you have a lot of your questions answered
00:04:07.432 --> 00:04:09.633
that you may have at this time.
00:04:20.850 --> 00:04:24.010
All right, so most of
you probably already know
00:04:25.470 --> 00:04:27.870
Khan Academy has a free resource
00:04:27.870 --> 00:04:30.540
that includes videos,
articles, and exercises.
00:04:30.540 --> 00:04:32.550
And we know that that's true.
00:04:32.550 --> 00:04:36.630
We are about giving a free
education to anyone anywhere.
00:04:36.630 --> 00:04:41.194
But however, we also now have
a paid district partnership
00:04:41.194 --> 00:04:43.590
that's available for those districts
00:04:43.590 --> 00:04:47.310
that are looking to get a
little bit more support.
00:04:47.310 --> 00:04:49.936
And so in this paid district partnership,
00:04:49.936 --> 00:04:54.545
this partnership grants
both teachers and students
00:04:54.545 --> 00:04:58.110
access to Khanmigo, which is our chat bot.
00:04:58.110 --> 00:04:59.700
And Khanmigo provides that
00:04:59.700 --> 00:05:02.850
in-the-moment, personalized
support for students
00:05:02.850 --> 00:05:06.390
when they encounter learning difficulties.
00:05:06.390 --> 00:05:09.720
Also, a part of this
paid district partnership
00:05:09.720 --> 00:05:11.760
comes some wraparound services
00:05:11.760 --> 00:05:15.150
that support both teachers
and administrators
00:05:15.150 --> 00:05:19.050
and we offer robust
professional development.
00:05:19.050 --> 00:05:21.150
And in that professional development,
00:05:21.150 --> 00:05:23.490
we incorporate practical strategies
00:05:23.490 --> 00:05:26.610
for incorporating AI into the classrooms.
00:05:26.610 --> 00:05:29.340
And so this type of wraparound support,
00:05:29.340 --> 00:05:32.070
it extends through the whole duration
00:05:32.070 --> 00:05:33.633
of our partnership together.
00:05:38.010 --> 00:05:39.510
So you also may be wondering,
00:05:39.510 --> 00:05:43.846
what is the difference
between Khanmigo and ChatGPT?
00:05:43.846 --> 00:05:46.080
So by now, in the news,
00:05:46.080 --> 00:05:48.540
I'm pretty sure you've heard of ChatGPT,
00:05:48.540 --> 00:05:51.630
which is this large language
artificial intelligence.
00:05:51.630 --> 00:05:54.930
It's a large language
artificial intelligence model.
00:05:54.930 --> 00:05:59.067
But unlike ChatGPT, Khanmigo
was specifically designed
00:05:59.067 --> 00:06:01.980
with educators and students in mind.
00:06:01.980 --> 00:06:04.303
So some of the things that Khanmigo does
00:06:04.303 --> 00:06:07.868
is Khanmigo prioritizes
safety and data management.
00:06:07.868 --> 00:06:12.630
Khanmigo adheres to privacy
and data protection guidelines
00:06:12.630 --> 00:06:14.730
like FERPA and COPPA.
00:06:14.730 --> 00:06:17.670
Khanmigo is also a Socratic tutor
00:06:17.670 --> 00:06:19.344
that's gonna guide students
00:06:19.344 --> 00:06:23.130
when they are stuck on a specific problem
00:06:23.130 --> 00:06:26.760
and it's not just gonna
give them the direct answer.
00:06:26.760 --> 00:06:29.370
Khanmigo is also going to provide
00:06:29.370 --> 00:06:33.090
a comprehensive learning
experience for students.
00:06:33.090 --> 00:06:35.790
And then as a teacher or as a educator,
00:06:35.790 --> 00:06:39.330
Khanmigo will also partner
with you and support you
00:06:39.330 --> 00:06:43.410
with co-creating some
high quality lesson plans
00:06:43.410 --> 00:06:46.353
and assist you with the
progress monitoring process.
00:06:53.160 --> 00:06:55.680
So as you begin to implement Khanmigo
00:06:55.680 --> 00:06:58.740
into your learning environment,
this is a new tool,
00:06:58.740 --> 00:07:01.980
so with anything that is new,
it's going to be important
00:07:01.980 --> 00:07:05.730
that you carefully introduce
Khanmigo to your students.
00:07:05.730 --> 00:07:08.580
You want your students
to know and understand
00:07:08.580 --> 00:07:12.450
the clear expectations
around using Khanmigo.
00:07:12.450 --> 00:07:14.040
We know that as educators,
00:07:14.040 --> 00:07:16.440
when we set those clear expectations,
00:07:16.440 --> 00:07:18.900
students are more than likely to meet them
00:07:18.900 --> 00:07:20.340
because they understand the why
00:07:20.340 --> 00:07:25.083
behind why this tool is being
used in their classroom.
00:07:29.794 --> 00:07:32.430
So as you begin to
carefully introduce this
00:07:32.430 --> 00:07:35.460
to your students, you
want your students to know
00:07:35.460 --> 00:07:39.522
that their brain is their
first supercomputer.
00:07:39.522 --> 00:07:43.616
Our human brain is designed to create,
00:07:43.616 --> 00:07:46.890
to think creatively, right?
00:07:46.890 --> 00:07:49.110
And so AI cannot do that.
00:07:49.110 --> 00:07:52.470
We want our students to still
be those creative thinkers.
00:07:52.470 --> 00:07:56.070
When students are stuck
on a specific concept
00:07:56.070 --> 00:07:58.920
in our classes, we already
give them some tools to do.
00:07:58.920 --> 00:08:01.380
What are some things that you
can do when you get stuck?
00:08:01.380 --> 00:08:03.180
You can ask a friend.
00:08:03.180 --> 00:08:05.460
You can refer back to your notes.
00:08:05.460 --> 00:08:07.530
You can even use manipulatives
00:08:07.530 --> 00:08:10.824
or you probably have anchor
charts up in your classrooms
00:08:10.824 --> 00:08:14.070
for students to reference
if they get stuck.
00:08:14.070 --> 00:08:16.410
They can even ask you as the teacher.
00:08:16.410 --> 00:08:19.860
But now you are bringing
Khanmigo into your classrooms
00:08:19.860 --> 00:08:23.490
to now be that additional
tool for students to have
00:08:23.490 --> 00:08:25.950
when they are stuck in their learning.
00:08:25.950 --> 00:08:30.750
AI is not meant to
replace creative thinking.
00:08:30.750 --> 00:08:32.010
And so because of that,
00:08:32.010 --> 00:08:35.220
it's still going to be
important that as educators,
00:08:35.220 --> 00:08:39.510
we continue to establish
that very high culture
00:08:39.510 --> 00:08:42.663
of creative thinking in our classrooms.
00:08:46.320 --> 00:08:49.050
You also want your students
to know and understand
00:08:49.050 --> 00:08:52.170
that Khanmigo is going to
be there to help them grow.
00:08:52.170 --> 00:08:54.120
They should understand that this is a tool
00:08:54.120 --> 00:08:55.530
that's gonna help them grow
00:08:55.530 --> 00:08:57.990
and gain confidence in their studies.
00:08:57.990 --> 00:09:01.039
Khanmigo can also interact with students
00:09:01.039 --> 00:09:04.680
in other languages other than English.
00:09:04.680 --> 00:09:08.550
So if you have students that
are currently in your classroom
00:09:08.550 --> 00:09:11.160
and English is not their first language,
00:09:11.160 --> 00:09:15.330
Khanmigo can interact with
them in their home language.
00:09:15.330 --> 00:09:17.370
And so by removing that barrier,
00:09:17.370 --> 00:09:20.910
this is gonna give all
students in your classrooms
00:09:20.910 --> 00:09:25.910
the opportunity to interact
and contribute to the classroom
00:09:26.201 --> 00:09:28.113
in a very meaningful way.
00:09:33.004 --> 00:09:35.431
And earlier, you heard me mention
00:09:35.431 --> 00:09:38.606
that we have our district partnership
00:09:38.606 --> 00:09:42.060
that includes the robust
professional development.
00:09:42.060 --> 00:09:44.670
Well, as part of our
professional development,
00:09:44.670 --> 00:09:49.050
we do train on what it
means to be AI literate.
00:09:49.050 --> 00:09:52.890
And so as you are introducing
AI literacy to your students,
00:09:52.890 --> 00:09:54.900
it's going to be very important
00:09:54.900 --> 00:09:58.740
that your students understand,
one, what is AI, right?
00:09:58.740 --> 00:10:02.040
What can it do and how should it be used?
00:10:02.040 --> 00:10:05.129
And all of this is available
through our partnership
00:10:05.129 --> 00:10:09.480
if you decide to become
one of our partners.
00:10:09.480 --> 00:10:11.190
We definitely talk about this
00:10:11.190 --> 00:10:13.770
in our professional learning sessions.
00:10:13.770 --> 00:10:14.760
And so with that,
00:10:14.760 --> 00:10:17.133
I am now going to turn it over to Michele.
00:10:18.570 --> 00:10:20.280
- Thank you so much, Diona.
00:10:20.280 --> 00:10:23.220
This is actually my favorite
part because I love sharing
00:10:23.220 --> 00:10:25.740
all of the amazing
features that Khanmigo has
00:10:25.740 --> 00:10:28.770
to support and enhance
learning for your students.
00:10:28.770 --> 00:10:31.290
So let's just dig right in there.
00:10:31.290 --> 00:10:35.250
So first, let's see how
Khanmigo can be used
00:10:35.250 --> 00:10:37.530
within the course.
00:10:37.530 --> 00:10:41.703
I'm gonna go ahead into,
I'm gonna pull up a course,
00:10:43.620 --> 00:10:47.460
and when I pull that course
up, we're gonna be able to see
00:10:47.460 --> 00:10:52.200
how Khan students can use
Khanmigo with that course.
00:10:52.200 --> 00:10:55.950
When students open up Khan
Academy and they select a video
00:10:55.950 --> 00:10:58.723
or an article like is on the screen,
00:10:58.723 --> 00:11:00.330
something that they're working on,
00:11:00.330 --> 00:11:02.370
they have the ability to include Khanmigo
00:11:02.370 --> 00:11:06.750
into their learning journey
by clicking in the lower left,
00:11:06.750 --> 00:11:08.463
right-hand corner of the screen.
00:11:09.780 --> 00:11:13.128
And mine is currently in teacher mode,
00:11:13.128 --> 00:11:15.030
which, when I select that,
00:11:15.030 --> 00:11:17.550
it's going to give me a
list of prompts such as,
00:11:17.550 --> 00:11:19.860
do I want to write a lesson plan
00:11:19.860 --> 00:11:22.740
or create warmup
activities for my students?
00:11:22.740 --> 00:11:24.180
But for today's purposes,
00:11:24.180 --> 00:11:27.120
I'm going to change it to student mode,
00:11:27.120 --> 00:11:30.600
turn that teacher mode off
because I have my student hat on.
00:11:30.600 --> 00:11:34.650
And then it provides me another
set of pre-populated prompts
00:11:34.650 --> 00:11:37.200
that are related to the
content that's on the screen,
00:11:37.200 --> 00:11:40.140
which are specifically
designed for students
00:11:40.140 --> 00:11:44.010
to make that learning
more engaging for them.
00:11:44.010 --> 00:11:47.550
So students can also
ask Khanmigo questions,
00:11:47.550 --> 00:11:52.140
but I'm going to select, I'm
gonna ask Khanmigo a question
00:11:52.140 --> 00:11:54.720
that most of my students asked me
00:11:54.720 --> 00:11:58.380
anytime I introduced a new
concept to them in class.
00:11:58.380 --> 00:12:00.470
Why should I learn about this?
00:12:00.470 --> 00:12:04.743
So I'm gonna select that and
let's see what Khanmigo says.
00:12:07.020 --> 00:12:08.520
Great question.
00:12:08.520 --> 00:12:11.790
Knowing how to evaluate
expressions with two variables
00:12:11.790 --> 00:12:14.310
is like a secret decoder ring.
00:12:14.310 --> 00:12:16.410
It helps you solve real-world problems.
00:12:16.410 --> 00:12:18.387
For example, if you're baking cookies
00:12:18.387 --> 00:12:21.060
and the recipe says two cups of flour
00:12:21.060 --> 00:12:22.980
for every one cup of sugar,
00:12:22.980 --> 00:12:26.040
that's an expression with two variables.
00:12:26.040 --> 00:12:28.620
If you know how many
cookies you want to make,
00:12:28.620 --> 00:12:30.570
you can figure out how much.
00:12:30.570 --> 00:12:33.483
Do you want to try a problem
from the article now?
00:12:34.566 --> 00:12:35.550
Yeah, let's do that.
00:12:35.550 --> 00:12:36.663
Yes, please.
00:12:38.340 --> 00:12:41.970
Let's see. All right, awesome.
00:12:41.970 --> 00:12:43.980
Let's start with the
first practice problem
00:12:43.980 --> 00:12:45.060
from the article.
00:12:45.060 --> 00:12:49.950
Can you evaluate the
expression 6A plus 4B?
00:12:49.950 --> 00:12:50.783
No, I cannot.
00:12:57.840 --> 00:13:00.927
And as a student, I'm just
interacting with Khanmigo,
00:13:00.927 --> 00:13:04.260
and Khanmigo is going to help support me
00:13:04.260 --> 00:13:08.853
with answering the questions
and what's on the screen.
00:13:09.780 --> 00:13:12.300
Now, Khanmigo can also be used
00:13:12.300 --> 00:13:16.020
alongside the exercises in Khan Academy.
00:13:16.020 --> 00:13:18.813
So I'm gonna go ahead and
select one of the exercises.
00:13:20.580 --> 00:13:21.750
And just like before,
00:13:21.750 --> 00:13:24.720
Khanmigo provides me pre-populated prompts
00:13:24.720 --> 00:13:28.140
related to the content
that I'm working on.
00:13:28.140 --> 00:13:29.970
And let's see.
00:13:29.970 --> 00:13:32.310
Again, why should I care about this?
00:13:32.310 --> 00:13:34.860
I could ask that or try a similar example
00:13:34.860 --> 00:13:36.870
or help me solve the problem,
00:13:36.870 --> 00:13:40.950
or I can even ask my own questions.
00:13:40.950 --> 00:13:44.185
So first I'll do, why
should I care about this?
00:13:44.185 --> 00:13:46.950
'Cause I think that's always interesting.
00:13:46.950 --> 00:13:48.600
Well, what are your goals in life?
00:13:48.600 --> 00:13:53.600
All right, Khanmigo,
I want to be a singer.
00:13:58.110 --> 00:13:58.943
Cool.
00:13:58.943 --> 00:14:00.489
As a singer,
00:14:00.489 --> 00:14:03.060
you might need to split profits
from a song with others.
00:14:03.060 --> 00:14:04.170
Very true.
00:14:04.170 --> 00:14:07.980
This math can help you figure
out how much each person gets.
00:14:07.980 --> 00:14:11.040
Does that make sense? Absolutely.
00:14:11.040 --> 00:14:14.640
So now I'm gonna go into, now
I know why I need to learn it
00:14:14.640 --> 00:14:17.463
because I don't want to
split all my royalties.
00:14:19.602 --> 00:14:22.080
So I'm gonna go into the actual activity.
00:14:22.080 --> 00:14:24.420
This is what the students see.
00:14:24.420 --> 00:14:28.905
And I'm just gonna ask
it, what's the answer?
00:14:28.905 --> 00:14:32.940
Because I don't feel
like figuring this out.
00:14:32.940 --> 00:14:34.290
Let's see.
00:14:34.290 --> 00:14:37.170
I can't give you the answer,
but I can help you find it.
00:14:37.170 --> 00:14:40.260
Let's start by plugging
in the values for G and H
00:14:40.260 --> 00:14:41.550
into the equation.
00:14:41.550 --> 00:14:44.283
Can you do that? No.
00:14:47.430 --> 00:14:49.563
Let's see what Khanmigo helps me do.
00:14:50.910 --> 00:14:53.190
No worries. We can do this together.
00:14:53.190 --> 00:14:54.090
Thank you.
00:14:54.090 --> 00:14:57.840
Let's replace the G with
10. And H, what do you get?
00:14:57.840 --> 00:14:59.430
And so with this,
00:14:59.430 --> 00:15:02.970
Khanmigo is not going to give
students the answer at all.
00:15:02.970 --> 00:15:06.000
It's going to be a
thought partner with them
00:15:06.000 --> 00:15:11.000
and helps them work through the exercises.
00:15:11.550 --> 00:15:16.290
Now, in addition to students
being able to access Khanmigo
00:15:16.290 --> 00:15:19.170
when they're working actually in a course,
00:15:19.170 --> 00:15:20.820
with our paid district partnerships,
00:15:20.820 --> 00:15:24.930
students have the access
to our Khanmigo dashboard
00:15:24.930 --> 00:15:27.197
that's designed to support students
00:15:27.197 --> 00:15:32.160
in the subjects in Khan Academy,
as well as other subjects.
00:15:32.160 --> 00:15:34.290
So I'm going to access that dashboard
00:15:34.290 --> 00:15:38.043
by selecting right here
where it has AI activities.
00:15:39.850 --> 00:15:42.270
And I'm gonna come down here
00:15:42.270 --> 00:15:44.670
and one of the first things I want to do
00:15:44.670 --> 00:15:49.290
is how about let's practice my knowledge.
00:15:49.290 --> 00:15:51.510
This section allows students to practice
00:15:51.510 --> 00:15:54.750
and build knowledge in
any subject they select.
00:15:54.750 --> 00:15:57.120
This feature meets students where they are
00:15:57.120 --> 00:16:00.570
and it helps support them
as they build confidence
00:16:00.570 --> 00:16:02.700
in the content that they're working on.
00:16:02.700 --> 00:16:07.556
So first, Khanmigo wants to
know, what age level am I?
00:16:07.556 --> 00:16:09.300
I always love middle school,
00:16:09.300 --> 00:16:11.000
so I'm gonna select middle school.
00:16:12.510 --> 00:16:13.343
Great.
00:16:13.343 --> 00:16:15.840
Now, could you please specify the subject
00:16:15.840 --> 00:16:17.583
you'd like to be quizzed on?
00:16:18.480 --> 00:16:21.796
It can do math, science, history, English.
00:16:21.796 --> 00:16:25.650
How about let's do science?
00:16:25.650 --> 00:16:29.110
And I'm gonna ask Khanmigo a question
00:16:30.767 --> 00:16:33.120
that I'm working on in class.
00:16:33.120 --> 00:16:34.920
My teacher asked me for homework.
00:16:34.920 --> 00:16:37.320
So can you help me with understanding
00:16:37.320 --> 00:16:39.600
cell parts and functions?
00:16:39.600 --> 00:16:41.820
Science is always fun.
00:16:41.820 --> 00:16:43.020
Absolutely.
00:16:43.020 --> 00:16:45.540
We're gonna have a blast
exploring the world of cells.
00:16:45.540 --> 00:16:47.220
Let's dive into the first question.
00:16:47.220 --> 00:16:48.540
Question one.
00:16:48.540 --> 00:16:53.220
In a cell, where are the
genetic materials stored?
00:16:53.220 --> 00:16:58.220
Okay, I have no idea.
00:16:58.440 --> 00:17:01.023
Am I smarter than a
seventh grader? Let's see.
00:17:03.690 --> 00:17:06.330
No worries at all. Let's
think about this together.
00:17:06.330 --> 00:17:07.950
The genetic material of a cell
00:17:07.950 --> 00:17:10.650
is like an instruction manual.
00:17:10.650 --> 00:17:11.880
It's stored in a place.
00:17:11.880 --> 00:17:15.690
And so Khanmigo is going to
help me through the process
00:17:15.690 --> 00:17:18.210
of learning all about cells.
00:17:18.210 --> 00:17:20.790
Now I'm gonna refresh it again,
00:17:20.790 --> 00:17:24.150
and this time I'm going
to select a subject
00:17:24.150 --> 00:17:28.530
that's not necessarily in Khan Academy.
00:17:28.530 --> 00:17:31.955
How about I am a high school student
00:17:31.955 --> 00:17:35.493
and I'm working in a pottery class.
00:17:35.493 --> 00:17:38.853
Let's say pottery.
00:17:41.880 --> 00:17:43.830
Fantastic. Pottery it is.
00:17:43.830 --> 00:17:46.860
Get ready for a whirlwind
tour of the world of ceramics.
00:17:46.860 --> 00:17:48.330
Here comes your first question.
00:17:48.330 --> 00:17:50.640
What is the process of heating the pottery
00:17:50.640 --> 00:17:54.843
to a high temperature to make
it hard and durable called?
00:17:56.400 --> 00:17:57.363
Got me.
00:18:01.140 --> 00:18:04.203
I have no idea.
00:18:07.470 --> 00:18:09.180
Khanmigo is so smart.
00:18:09.180 --> 00:18:12.120
And I love the way Khanmigo,
00:18:12.120 --> 00:18:14.640
it helps build a growth
mindset for students
00:18:14.640 --> 00:18:15.510
and it lets them know
00:18:15.510 --> 00:18:18.420
it's okay that they
don't know it right now,
00:18:18.420 --> 00:18:22.440
but it will work with them
and through the process.
00:18:22.440 --> 00:18:25.590
So it's all of these teachable moments
00:18:25.590 --> 00:18:29.280
and the students are learning
from this entire process.
00:18:29.280 --> 00:18:31.740
Now let's do something else.
00:18:31.740 --> 00:18:34.920
How about, let's go to our debate.
00:18:34.920 --> 00:18:37.860
I love debating and it could be because
00:18:37.860 --> 00:18:39.840
my husband says that I love to argue.
00:18:39.840 --> 00:18:44.840
Not sure, but the debate
feature, students are able to,
00:18:44.850 --> 00:18:49.252
first they want to select
their appropriate school age.
00:18:49.252 --> 00:18:51.540
And when they do that,
00:18:51.540 --> 00:18:54.150
they are going to get a list of prompts
00:18:54.150 --> 00:18:57.540
and notice the prompts
are age appropriate.
00:18:57.540 --> 00:19:00.300
So elementary school prompts are,
00:19:00.300 --> 00:19:02.880
should students wear school uniforms
00:19:02.880 --> 00:19:06.180
or is homework necessary
or should it be banned?
00:19:06.180 --> 00:19:09.213
If I come over to the middle
school list of topics,
00:19:10.290 --> 00:19:12.571
they're a little bit more in-depth.
00:19:12.571 --> 00:19:16.195
Should schools start later in the morning?
00:19:16.195 --> 00:19:20.820
Should schools offer
art and music classes?
00:19:20.820 --> 00:19:25.260
And I'm gonna come over to
the high school version,
00:19:25.260 --> 00:19:27.630
a little bit more higher level.
00:19:27.630 --> 00:19:32.136
So it definitely works
with age appropriateness
00:19:32.136 --> 00:19:34.530
for students.
00:19:34.530 --> 00:19:37.890
So I am going to, how about,
00:19:37.890 --> 00:19:39.570
because we're working on AI right now,
00:19:39.570 --> 00:19:43.710
how about should schools
ban students' use of AI
00:19:43.710 --> 00:19:45.060
to write papers?
00:19:45.060 --> 00:19:47.280
I am a former ELA teacher,
00:19:47.280 --> 00:19:51.690
so this is definitely one that's
near and dear to my heart,
00:19:51.690 --> 00:19:53.073
so I'm gonna select that.
00:19:55.230 --> 00:19:57.000
All right, so great choice.
00:19:57.000 --> 00:19:58.560
Now, which side are you on?
00:19:58.560 --> 00:20:01.770
Do you think schools should
ban students from using AI
00:20:01.770 --> 00:20:02.790
to write papers?
00:20:02.790 --> 00:20:05.070
Or do you think they shouldn't?
00:20:05.070 --> 00:20:08.010
Khanmigo wants to know
my side of the argument,
00:20:08.010 --> 00:20:12.333
so I'm going to say no.
00:20:15.498 --> 00:20:16.348
I don't think so.
00:20:17.880 --> 00:20:18.780
So, all right.
00:20:18.780 --> 00:20:21.690
You're saying schools shouldn't
ban AI for writing papers.
00:20:21.690 --> 00:20:24.120
I'm all ears and eyes in my case.
00:20:24.120 --> 00:20:27.450
That's funny. Khanmigo
definitely has a sense of humor.
00:20:27.450 --> 00:20:32.317
So let me think of my first
argument, how I'm going to say,
00:20:33.485 --> 00:20:38.485
because you don't give me the answer.
00:20:39.909 --> 00:20:42.873
You guide me in the right direction.
00:20:45.060 --> 00:20:47.520
Ah, clever point. Thank you, Khanmigo.
00:20:47.520 --> 00:20:50.070
You're saying AI can be a
guide, not a cheat sheet.
00:20:50.070 --> 00:20:52.290
Absolutely. But here's a twist.
00:20:52.290 --> 00:20:55.290
What if students start
relying too much on AI
00:20:55.290 --> 00:20:57.270
and start thinking for themselves?
00:20:57.270 --> 00:20:58.470
It's like using a map.
00:20:58.470 --> 00:21:03.470
So it's like using a map so
much, you forget to explore.
00:21:05.100 --> 00:21:06.210
Your turn, buddy.
00:21:06.210 --> 00:21:10.650
So even though Khanmigo is a form of AI,
00:21:10.650 --> 00:21:14.670
it's still kind of
playing the opposite side.
00:21:14.670 --> 00:21:16.980
And so I need to think about
00:21:16.980 --> 00:21:19.440
what my next argument is going to be.
00:21:19.440 --> 00:21:22.140
And we're just going to go back and forth.
00:21:22.140 --> 00:21:23.733
So I'm gonna give another one.
00:21:24.900 --> 00:21:25.910
How about...
00:21:27.360 --> 00:21:29.970
Because I have to write
an entire essay on this.
00:21:29.970 --> 00:21:33.530
I'm writing an argumentative
essay for my class,
00:21:33.530 --> 00:21:36.360
so I believe that AI should be allowed
00:21:36.360 --> 00:21:38.760
because it helps me stay
focused on what I'm writing.
00:21:38.760 --> 00:21:39.593
Aha.
00:21:39.593 --> 00:21:42.390
You're saying AI is
like a trusty sidekick,
00:21:42.390 --> 00:21:45.060
helping you stay on
track and sparking ideas,
00:21:45.060 --> 00:21:47.430
but remember, too much of a good thing.
00:21:47.430 --> 00:21:50.730
And so Khanmigo is going
to go back and forth
00:21:50.730 --> 00:21:54.990
and back and forth and I'm able
to debate to help me create,
00:21:54.990 --> 00:21:57.450
look at the other side
of the spectrum as well.
00:21:57.450 --> 00:21:59.100
So I love that debate feature.
00:21:59.100 --> 00:22:00.780
It's one of my favorites.
00:22:00.780 --> 00:22:04.410
Now, another amazing
thing that Khanmigo can do
00:22:04.410 --> 00:22:07.110
is give students instant feedback.
00:22:07.110 --> 00:22:10.980
In our courses, students
get immediate feedback.
00:22:10.980 --> 00:22:13.170
Anytime they answer a question,
00:22:13.170 --> 00:22:15.900
it will provide that immediate feedback
00:22:15.900 --> 00:22:19.620
that we know is so important for learning.
00:22:19.620 --> 00:22:23.670
However, Khanmigo can also give
immediate feedback as well.
00:22:23.670 --> 00:22:26.850
So this is the start of my essay.
00:22:26.850 --> 00:22:31.653
So I'm just gonna ask Khanmigo,
can you give me feedback?
00:22:32.545 --> 00:22:37.170
Can you give me, and I'm
gonna spell feedback wrong.
00:22:37.170 --> 00:22:42.033
So you can see that Khanmigo
does not worry about spelling,
00:22:42.900 --> 00:22:45.180
which is a great thing for me.
00:22:45.180 --> 00:22:46.380
Sure thing, partner.
00:22:46.380 --> 00:22:47.730
You've made some solid points
00:22:47.730 --> 00:22:50.700
about how AI can help
with focus, organization,
00:22:50.700 --> 00:22:53.850
and idea generation for improvement.
00:22:53.850 --> 00:22:57.270
Let's try to give specific
examples or tell a story
00:22:57.270 --> 00:23:00.120
to make your argument more convincing.
00:23:00.120 --> 00:23:02.126
Like remember that time
00:23:02.126 --> 00:23:05.730
AI helped me structure
my essay on dinosaurs?
00:23:05.730 --> 00:23:09.540
So Khanmigo is not
telling me how to do it.
00:23:09.540 --> 00:23:11.370
It's not writing it for me.
00:23:11.370 --> 00:23:13.380
It's my thought partner
00:23:13.380 --> 00:23:15.870
and it's kind of like my trusty sidekick
00:23:15.870 --> 00:23:20.280
that's going to help me come
up with ideas and thoughts
00:23:20.280 --> 00:23:24.810
to make the most amazing
essay that I possibly can.
00:23:24.810 --> 00:23:27.423
So I love this feature on Khanmigo.
00:23:28.530 --> 00:23:32.010
Now, another thing that Khanmigo can do,
00:23:32.010 --> 00:23:35.250
it can support students
in their home language.
00:23:35.250 --> 00:23:38.550
Khanmigo is designed with
multilingual capabilities
00:23:38.550 --> 00:23:42.090
that support English, Spanish,
as well as Portuguese.
00:23:42.090 --> 00:23:47.090
These features are incredible
resources for our ELA students
00:23:49.470 --> 00:23:51.720
because it enables them to ask questions
00:23:51.720 --> 00:23:53.850
and learn in their home language.
00:23:53.850 --> 00:23:57.030
So I'm going to select another option.
00:23:57.030 --> 00:24:00.120
How about let's...
00:24:00.120 --> 00:24:02.040
Hmm.
00:24:02.040 --> 00:24:03.843
What should I do? What should I do?
00:24:05.430 --> 00:24:08.613
How about let's chat with
a literary character?
00:24:09.690 --> 00:24:13.620
Now, although when a student
selects one of the features,
00:24:13.620 --> 00:24:16.650
the initial prompts and
speech bubbles from Khanmigo
00:24:16.650 --> 00:24:18.420
will not be translated.
00:24:18.420 --> 00:24:22.080
However, if a student writes
to Khanmigo in their language,
00:24:22.080 --> 00:24:24.090
Khanmigo is going to respond to them
00:24:24.090 --> 00:24:26.280
in that selected language.
00:24:26.280 --> 00:24:30.213
So I'm going to type
something to Khanmigo,
00:24:34.666 --> 00:24:35.833
and let's see.
00:24:37.020 --> 00:24:39.780
All right, it responds in Spanish.
00:24:39.780 --> 00:24:44.700
So another way students can
change the language for Khanmigo
00:24:44.700 --> 00:24:46.980
is at the top of the page,
00:24:46.980 --> 00:24:48.931
there are gonna be these
three buttons up here.
00:24:48.931 --> 00:24:52.683
Students can select it and
select their preferences.
00:24:53.730 --> 00:24:56.430
And one of the preferences
that they can select
00:24:56.430 --> 00:24:58.080
is the language.
00:24:58.080 --> 00:25:01.890
So if English is the
automatic default language,
00:25:01.890 --> 00:25:05.040
but students can change it to Portuguese
00:25:05.040 --> 00:25:07.323
and they can change it to Spanish as well.
00:25:10.680 --> 00:25:12.840
So I love that feature.
00:25:12.840 --> 00:25:16.500
Another thing that Khanmigo
can do on the teacher side
00:25:16.500 --> 00:25:20.880
is that let's say a teacher
wants to write a letter home
00:25:20.880 --> 00:25:24.663
to a parent, but the
parent speaks Portuguese,
00:25:26.910 --> 00:25:30.720
the teacher can ask Khanmigo
to translate that letter
00:25:30.720 --> 00:25:35.720
to the parents in
Portuguese or in Spanish.
00:25:35.760 --> 00:25:38.013
So it's super helpful that way as well.
00:25:39.270 --> 00:25:40.500
All right.
00:25:40.500 --> 00:25:43.680
Another feature that I want to share is,
00:25:43.680 --> 00:25:45.450
and I think this one,
00:25:45.450 --> 00:25:47.880
and maybe it's because I'm
the mom of older children,
00:25:47.880 --> 00:25:51.030
I absolutely love this next feature
00:25:51.030 --> 00:25:53.880
because Khanmigo offers several tools
00:25:53.880 --> 00:25:56.610
that focus on post-secondary activities,
00:25:56.610 --> 00:25:58.800
which are designed to assist students
00:25:58.800 --> 00:26:02.220
in their transition to higher education
00:26:02.220 --> 00:26:04.290
as well as career planning.
00:26:04.290 --> 00:26:05.850
So I could ask Khanmigo
00:26:05.850 --> 00:26:08.790
to coach my academic and career growth.
00:26:08.790 --> 00:26:10.833
I can honestly, I could use that now.
00:26:12.449 --> 00:26:13.500
Why not?
00:26:13.500 --> 00:26:16.440
Or again, students can ask Khanmigo,
00:26:16.440 --> 00:26:19.950
let's navigate college
admission and financial aid.
00:26:19.950 --> 00:26:21.423
So I'm gonna select that.
00:26:22.260 --> 00:26:24.390
So, great.
00:26:24.390 --> 00:26:27.330
Here, looking at the prompts,
00:26:27.330 --> 00:26:29.580
it says, how do I apply for college?
00:26:29.580 --> 00:26:32.910
What are different types of
secondary education available?
00:26:32.910 --> 00:26:36.240
Or what factors should I
consider when picking a college?
00:26:36.240 --> 00:26:38.430
These are all great questions.
00:26:38.430 --> 00:26:42.930
How about something that I
know that most college students
00:26:42.930 --> 00:26:46.740
or high school students
preparing to go to college
00:26:46.740 --> 00:26:51.740
like to ask are, how
can I pay for college?
00:26:55.410 --> 00:26:57.630
I know that's something
on the minds of students
00:26:57.630 --> 00:26:58.803
as well as parents.
00:26:59.940 --> 00:27:02.910
Paying for college can
seem daunting, absolutely,
00:27:02.910 --> 00:27:05.340
but there are a few key
resources that can help.
00:27:05.340 --> 00:27:10.320
Scholarships, grants, work study programs,
00:27:10.320 --> 00:27:13.050
loans, personal savings.
00:27:13.050 --> 00:27:16.080
Does this answer your
question or can we move on?
00:27:16.080 --> 00:27:18.360
You know what, it does
not answer my question
00:27:18.360 --> 00:27:21.210
because I don't know what a grant is.
00:27:21.210 --> 00:27:26.210
So I'm gonna say, what is a grant?
00:27:26.460 --> 00:27:27.360
I have no idea.
00:27:27.360 --> 00:27:31.560
I have a cousin named Grant,
but that's the best I can do.
00:27:31.560 --> 00:27:33.690
A grant is a type of financial aid
00:27:33.690 --> 00:27:35.610
that you don't have to pay back.
00:27:35.610 --> 00:27:37.590
Ooh, winner. I love that.
00:27:37.590 --> 00:27:42.510
Grants are often need-based,
meaning they are given out
00:27:42.510 --> 00:27:45.510
based on a family's financial situation,
00:27:45.510 --> 00:27:48.510
and it goes through all
of the different features.
00:27:48.510 --> 00:27:51.843
Ooh, it brings up about the FAFSA.
00:27:55.126 --> 00:27:57.120
I don't know what that is.
00:27:57.120 --> 00:28:02.120
So I'm going to ask
Khanmigo, what is this FAFSA?
00:28:02.400 --> 00:28:03.870
What is this called?
00:28:03.870 --> 00:28:06.630
F-A-F-S-A.
00:28:06.630 --> 00:28:09.840
Because remember, I'm in
10th grade or 11th grade,
00:28:09.840 --> 00:28:12.183
so I have no idea what these things are.
00:28:15.540 --> 00:28:18.990
It stands for Free Application
for Federal Student Aid.
00:28:18.990 --> 00:28:20.087
Oh, okay.
00:28:20.087 --> 00:28:22.085
Great, great, great.
00:28:22.085 --> 00:28:23.190
Thank you. Thank you, Khanmigo.
00:28:23.190 --> 00:28:24.840
That is very, very helpful.
00:28:24.840 --> 00:28:28.050
So again, students can use this
00:28:28.050 --> 00:28:32.405
to help with that
post-secondary exploration.
00:28:32.405 --> 00:28:36.750
They have guidance
counselors, but realistically,
00:28:36.750 --> 00:28:40.230
how often are students able
to visit a guidance counselor?
00:28:40.230 --> 00:28:42.750
They can work, be at home.
00:28:42.750 --> 00:28:45.270
They can do this, they
can sit with a parent,
00:28:45.270 --> 00:28:46.950
they can go on Khanmigo
00:28:46.950 --> 00:28:49.530
and ask Khanmigo all types of questions,
00:28:49.530 --> 00:28:53.250
which will help educate
them as well as parents.
00:28:53.250 --> 00:28:55.470
Now, I know I've been talking a lot
00:28:55.470 --> 00:28:57.990
about all of the great features
00:28:57.990 --> 00:29:00.360
that Khanmigo has for students,
00:29:00.360 --> 00:29:02.850
but I don't want us to forget about
00:29:02.850 --> 00:29:04.710
all of the amazing resources
00:29:04.710 --> 00:29:07.233
that are available for teachers as well.
00:29:08.070 --> 00:29:10.470
With our paid district partnership,
00:29:10.470 --> 00:29:13.260
students will be automatically rostered.
00:29:13.260 --> 00:29:16.050
So teachers have access to,
00:29:16.050 --> 00:29:18.840
this is one of my favorite
things for teachers.
00:29:18.840 --> 00:29:21.210
It's called the Class Snapshot.
00:29:21.210 --> 00:29:24.570
So I'm gonna go ahead and select that.
00:29:24.570 --> 00:29:27.960
So the Class Snapshot gives
teachers a quick overview
00:29:27.960 --> 00:29:31.620
of how students are performing
in class on Khan Academy
00:29:31.620 --> 00:29:34.170
to help ensure that students
are using the program
00:29:34.170 --> 00:29:37.170
with fidelity and that
they're getting the support
00:29:37.170 --> 00:29:41.160
that they need that's necessary
for them to be successful.
00:29:41.160 --> 00:29:44.070
So once I select that
Class Snapshot feature,
00:29:44.070 --> 00:29:46.620
Khanmigo is gonna ask me which class.
00:29:46.620 --> 00:29:48.360
I could have multiple classes.
00:29:48.360 --> 00:29:50.943
So I'm gonna select my algebra class.
00:29:53.520 --> 00:29:54.480
All right.
00:29:54.480 --> 00:29:56.190
Once I select that,
00:29:56.190 --> 00:30:00.000
Khanmigo is going to give
me lots of great information
00:30:00.000 --> 00:30:02.340
about how my students are performing.
00:30:02.340 --> 00:30:04.440
And it just gives me a high-level overview
00:30:04.440 --> 00:30:07.230
of their performance
for the last seven days.
00:30:07.230 --> 00:30:10.800
And it's gonna highlight
areas such as recent activity.
00:30:10.800 --> 00:30:13.380
What have my students
been doing this week?
00:30:13.380 --> 00:30:16.849
Are they on track to hit
their course mastery goals?
00:30:16.849 --> 00:30:19.290
Have they completed any assignments?
00:30:19.290 --> 00:30:21.390
What assignments are they working on?
00:30:21.390 --> 00:30:24.000
And what skills are they working on?
00:30:24.000 --> 00:30:26.070
How's their skill development going?
00:30:26.070 --> 00:30:29.610
It's also going to provide me these links
00:30:29.610 --> 00:30:33.442
that give me direct access to the reports
00:30:33.442 --> 00:30:38.370
that are in my class that I'm
getting from Khan Academy.
00:30:38.370 --> 00:30:40.080
So I can always select that
00:30:40.080 --> 00:30:43.980
and it'll take me directly
to these specific reports.
00:30:43.980 --> 00:30:48.451
Now, at the bottom, it's
going to give me prompts
00:30:48.451 --> 00:30:53.451
which will help me learn about
what my students are doing.
00:30:53.490 --> 00:30:56.640
So I can find out, what
students should I celebrate
00:30:56.640 --> 00:30:58.987
with the work that they've done last week?
00:30:58.987 --> 00:31:00.840
Who needs a check-in?
00:31:00.840 --> 00:31:03.330
It lets me know what
students are struggling.
00:31:03.330 --> 00:31:04.590
Give me a list of students
00:31:04.590 --> 00:31:07.830
who are 25% or more
towards their mastery goal.
00:31:07.830 --> 00:31:10.560
I need to know who's
progressing, who's not.
00:31:10.560 --> 00:31:13.380
And then this one, I think is my favorite
00:31:13.380 --> 00:31:16.080
because we all know the importance
00:31:16.080 --> 00:31:19.653
of small group instruction or
skill-based group instruction,
00:31:19.653 --> 00:31:22.380
but we don't necessarily have the time
00:31:22.380 --> 00:31:24.360
to create those groups.
00:31:24.360 --> 00:31:27.180
With Khanmigo, does it instantly for me.
00:31:27.180 --> 00:31:31.791
So I can select Group my class
by their recommendations.
00:31:31.791 --> 00:31:35.729
When I select that,
Khanmigo, again, remember,
00:31:35.729 --> 00:31:38.520
my students are automatically rostered.
00:31:38.520 --> 00:31:40.853
So Khanmigo has access to my students
00:31:40.853 --> 00:31:43.590
and it's going to group them for me
00:31:43.590 --> 00:31:46.440
based on a course that I'm working on.
00:31:46.440 --> 00:31:50.820
So I can use all of these
different features with Khanmigo.
00:31:50.820 --> 00:31:53.490
I can ask Khanmigo about
a specific student.
00:31:53.490 --> 00:31:56.220
So I have my students over here.
00:31:56.220 --> 00:31:59.580
I can ask Khanmigo,
00:31:59.580 --> 00:32:04.580
can you create a report for Amanda?
00:32:10.920 --> 00:32:11.883
Let's see.
00:32:12.810 --> 00:32:15.030
Absolutely. Let's take a look.
00:32:15.030 --> 00:32:16.803
Here's Amanda's progress.
00:32:17.790 --> 00:32:20.220
And again, it's going to
show me how Amanda's done
00:32:20.220 --> 00:32:21.633
the last seven weeks.
00:32:22.740 --> 00:32:26.340
And if let's say I had to go
to a parent-teacher conference,
00:32:26.340 --> 00:32:27.930
I can just bring this with me.
00:32:27.930 --> 00:32:29.600
But wait. You know what?
00:32:29.600 --> 00:32:30.870
Amanda's mom speaks Spanish.
00:32:30.870 --> 00:32:35.570
Can you translate this to Spanish?
00:32:40.650 --> 00:32:41.483
Let's see.
00:32:43.890 --> 00:32:46.110
And it'll translate it for Spanish for me.
00:32:46.110 --> 00:32:49.050
So although Amanda's mom
doesn't speak English,
00:32:49.050 --> 00:32:53.280
I can keep Amanda's mom
informed of her progress
00:32:53.280 --> 00:32:56.220
on how she's doing in my course.
00:32:56.220 --> 00:32:58.590
So lots of great features.
00:32:58.590 --> 00:33:01.320
It just, it's super, super cool.
00:33:01.320 --> 00:33:05.762
So when teachers incorporate
Khanmigo into the classroom,
00:33:05.762 --> 00:33:09.059
it's like a teaching assistant.
00:33:09.059 --> 00:33:11.040
It's the teaching assistant
I've always wanted,
00:33:11.040 --> 00:33:13.950
and it's an absolute
game changer for teachers
00:33:13.950 --> 00:33:15.570
as well as students.
00:33:15.570 --> 00:33:18.993
So I am going to pass this back to Diona.
00:33:20.010 --> 00:33:21.540
Thank you so much for your time
00:33:21.540 --> 00:33:26.540
and letting me share all of
these incredible features today.
00:33:26.550 --> 00:33:28.710
- Well, thank you. Thank you, Michele.
00:33:28.710 --> 00:33:32.400
And so with everything
that we've talked about,
00:33:32.400 --> 00:33:34.920
you're probably trying
to think about, you know,
00:33:34.920 --> 00:33:36.900
how is teaching and learning gonna adapt
00:33:36.900 --> 00:33:39.420
as AI becomes prevalent?
00:33:39.420 --> 00:33:43.140
Well, one of the things we
do want to highlight with you
00:33:43.140 --> 00:33:45.180
that it's gonna be very important
00:33:45.180 --> 00:33:48.120
that you establish
guidelines for plagiarism
00:33:48.120 --> 00:33:51.244
and clearly communicate that to students.
00:33:51.244 --> 00:33:53.460
Students should understand
00:33:53.460 --> 00:33:56.700
that original work is
going to be important.
00:33:56.700 --> 00:34:00.930
And if they do use AI, they
need to cite the sources.
00:34:00.930 --> 00:34:04.950
And they should also understand
that they should only use AI
00:34:04.950 --> 00:34:09.640
if the assignment allows it
or it's required to use it.
00:34:09.640 --> 00:34:13.562
And as part of our paid
district partnership,
00:34:13.562 --> 00:34:16.860
you can receive support around planning
00:34:16.860 --> 00:34:19.350
and sharing what those guidelines would be
00:34:19.350 --> 00:34:22.263
so that you can share them
to all of your stakeholders.
00:34:26.341 --> 00:34:31.341
So with AI being new and
as well as with Khanmigo,
00:34:31.890 --> 00:34:34.140
it is so much to learn.
00:34:34.140 --> 00:34:36.802
And so on behalf of Khan Academy,
00:34:36.802 --> 00:34:39.870
we want to share a couple
of resources with you.
00:34:39.870 --> 00:34:41.790
So on our Khan Academy website,
00:34:41.790 --> 00:34:45.000
you are going to find Khan for Educators,
00:34:45.000 --> 00:34:47.160
which is a teacher support course
00:34:47.160 --> 00:34:50.490
that includes a unit on Khanmigo,
00:34:50.490 --> 00:34:53.313
and it has some videos on there as well.
00:34:54.210 --> 00:34:55.410
And then we also have
00:34:55.410 --> 00:34:58.740
a short but powerful AI education course
00:34:58.740 --> 00:35:01.200
located in our course library
00:35:01.200 --> 00:35:04.680
that we encourage you
to check out as well.
00:35:04.680 --> 00:35:08.190
And we are gonna share
the links to both of those
00:35:08.190 --> 00:35:12.243
in a follow-up email
after this presentation.
00:35:14.970 --> 00:35:19.970
So from moving barriers to
supporting student learning,
00:35:20.597 --> 00:35:24.066
also imagine your students getting
00:35:24.066 --> 00:35:27.480
that in-the-moment support and feedback,
00:35:27.480 --> 00:35:29.460
especially during those times
00:35:29.460 --> 00:35:32.280
when you are busy with
your other teacher tasks.
00:35:32.280 --> 00:35:34.353
Well, Khanmigo provides that.
00:35:35.340 --> 00:35:38.010
As Michele just highlighted,
00:35:38.010 --> 00:35:40.710
if you want to be able to
track your students' progress
00:35:40.710 --> 00:35:42.690
and have data at your fingertips
00:35:42.690 --> 00:35:44.880
to share with your
students and your parents
00:35:44.880 --> 00:35:46.680
and if you are a classroom teacher,
00:35:46.680 --> 00:35:48.450
even with your administrators,
00:35:48.450 --> 00:35:51.180
when you become a paid district partner,
00:35:51.180 --> 00:35:54.390
Khanmigo and Khan Academy has you covered
00:35:54.390 --> 00:35:56.070
in that area as well.
00:35:56.070 --> 00:35:59.822
So the only thing left
to do is just try it out.
00:35:59.822 --> 00:36:02.610
There's a link that
you see on this screen,
00:36:02.610 --> 00:36:04.830
but don't try to write it down
00:36:04.830 --> 00:36:06.630
because it's gonna be emailed to you
00:36:06.630 --> 00:36:08.400
after this presentation.
00:36:08.400 --> 00:36:11.440
So please be on the lookout
for a follow-up email
00:36:11.440 --> 00:36:15.615
that's gonna have links to some resources
00:36:15.615 --> 00:36:19.800
as well as the recording
of this presentation.
00:36:19.800 --> 00:36:24.570
So with that, we thank you so,
so much for joining us today
00:36:24.570 --> 00:36:26.820
and we hope you have a
great rest of your day
00:36:26.820 --> 00:36:29.250
as well as the great rest of your week.
00:36:29.250 --> 00:36:31.800
So take care and feel free to reach out
00:36:31.800 --> 00:36:34.080
if you have any questions.
00:36:34.080 --> 00:36:35.580
- Thank you so much.
00:36:35.580 --> 00:36:38.850
Have a great day, everybody. Thank you.
00:36:38.850 --> 00:36:40.203
- Thank you so much.
00:36:44.160 --> 00:36:47.613
- Happy learning. Have fun with Khanmigo.
00:36:58.176 --> 00:37:01.560
- All right. Take care, everyone.
00:37:01.560 --> 00:37:03.693
- Have a wonderful Wednesday.
00:37:04.530 --> 00:37:05.883
Happy hump day.
00:37:23.010 --> 00:37:23.843
See you later.
|
Introducing Khan Academy’s Magical AI Tool for Teachers: Khanmigo | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycBI3fJSbz8 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=ycBI3fJSbz8&ei=n1WUZc-_IIrWxN8PmJeQkAY&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=637848893E573D5D11879C49B3A81B76E45B19E3.70743DFEBF7448D29284E4FC7D91181440E582C9&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.360 --> 00:00:02.400
- I am Deanna Klingman.
00:00:02.400 --> 00:00:06.780
I am a professional learning
specialist with Khan Academy.
00:00:06.780 --> 00:00:08.670
- Hello, everyone, my
name is Stacie Johnson.
00:00:08.670 --> 00:00:11.040
I lead professional
learning for Khan Academy.
00:00:11.040 --> 00:00:15.660
- Today we are going to explore
how Khanmigo can support you
00:00:15.660 --> 00:00:17.250
and save you time.
00:00:17.250 --> 00:00:20.070
So whether you already have Khanmigo
00:00:20.070 --> 00:00:21.690
and are looking for some tips,
00:00:21.690 --> 00:00:23.520
or maybe you're just wondering,
00:00:23.520 --> 00:00:26.280
what is Khanmigo and how can it help you?
00:00:26.280 --> 00:00:27.113
We are here,
00:00:27.113 --> 00:00:28.740
we're here to talk to you about that today
00:00:28.740 --> 00:00:30.600
and we have you covered.
00:00:30.600 --> 00:00:32.220
Right, so as we know right now,
00:00:32.220 --> 00:00:33.990
AI is all around us.
00:00:33.990 --> 00:00:35.730
There are several tools on the market
00:00:35.730 --> 00:00:37.800
that's designed to support teachers.
00:00:37.800 --> 00:00:39.822
So you're probably asking,
00:00:39.822 --> 00:00:42.330
what makes Khanmigo so different?
00:00:42.330 --> 00:00:44.430
So we keep accuracy, safety,
00:00:44.430 --> 00:00:46.380
and responsible data management
00:00:46.380 --> 00:00:49.230
at the forefront of every
decision that we make.
00:00:49.230 --> 00:00:51.540
We're also adhering to those national
00:00:51.540 --> 00:00:53.280
and regional guidelines
00:00:53.280 --> 00:00:56.610
so that the learners,
as well as the teachers,
00:00:56.610 --> 00:00:58.680
have the best experience.
00:00:58.680 --> 00:00:59.610
More than that,
00:00:59.610 --> 00:01:03.090
the one thing that I
really love about Khanmigo
00:01:03.090 --> 00:01:05.370
is that it's designed to also work
00:01:05.370 --> 00:01:07.740
with the Khan Academy content,
00:01:07.740 --> 00:01:09.540
so now you as an educator
00:01:09.540 --> 00:01:12.450
have a comprehensive suite of resources
00:01:12.450 --> 00:01:15.270
that's going to support
your lesson planning,
00:01:15.270 --> 00:01:16.770
data analysis,
00:01:16.770 --> 00:01:19.920
and just resources that
are going to allow you
00:01:19.920 --> 00:01:23.943
to be able to tailor to
the needs of your students.
00:01:24.930 --> 00:01:27.510
Headlines, we've all seen them.
00:01:27.510 --> 00:01:30.060
And so as you continue
to see these headlines,
00:01:30.060 --> 00:01:33.090
we know that you have a
wide range of emotions,
00:01:33.090 --> 00:01:35.190
as we just kind of talked about before,
00:01:35.190 --> 00:01:37.320
from excitement to apprehension,
00:01:37.320 --> 00:01:39.870
and we wanna acknowledge those feelings.
00:01:39.870 --> 00:01:42.840
AI has some exhilarating potential,
00:01:42.840 --> 00:01:46.590
is revolutionizing fields like healthcare,
00:01:46.590 --> 00:01:48.753
communication, and education.
00:01:49.620 --> 00:01:54.210
However, we do know that there
are some concerns around AI,
00:01:54.210 --> 00:01:58.140
concerns about job displacement, privacy,
00:01:58.140 --> 00:02:00.270
and some ethical considerations,
00:02:00.270 --> 00:02:02.373
and these are valid emotions.
00:02:03.570 --> 00:02:07.080
However, it is important to
separate fact from fiction.
00:02:07.080 --> 00:02:08.550
So AI is a tool,
00:02:08.550 --> 00:02:11.400
it's not meant to replace
that human interaction
00:02:11.400 --> 00:02:13.320
that we know is very important,
00:02:13.320 --> 00:02:16.713
is designed to assist, not to take over.
00:02:18.000 --> 00:02:19.380
Here at Khan Academy,
00:02:19.380 --> 00:02:21.120
the way we use AI,
00:02:21.120 --> 00:02:24.030
we talk about it as a way
to support the teacher,
00:02:24.030 --> 00:02:25.950
not replace the teacher.
00:02:25.950 --> 00:02:28.830
It's gonna help you, as
a teacher, save time,
00:02:28.830 --> 00:02:30.510
help you tailor your lessons,
00:02:30.510 --> 00:02:33.900
and expedite planning so
you can do what you do best,
00:02:33.900 --> 00:02:36.123
and we know that's working with students.
00:02:37.207 --> 00:02:39.690
"We are at the cusp of using AI
00:02:39.690 --> 00:02:42.540
for probably the biggest transformation
00:02:42.540 --> 00:02:44.850
that education has ever seen.
00:02:44.850 --> 00:02:47.430
We're going to give every
teacher on the planet
00:02:47.430 --> 00:02:51.750
an amazing artificially
intelligent teaching assistant."
00:02:51.750 --> 00:02:55.143
That is a quote directly
from our leader, Sal Khan.
00:02:56.310 --> 00:02:58.470
As a nonprofit organization,
00:02:58.470 --> 00:03:01.410
we see it as our duty to
explore AI's potential
00:03:01.410 --> 00:03:03.360
for education's future.
00:03:03.360 --> 00:03:06.960
We believe AI can positively
transform learning,
00:03:06.960 --> 00:03:09.870
but we're also aware of
some of those risks, right?
00:03:09.870 --> 00:03:13.050
We're focused on ensuring AI's benefits,
00:03:13.050 --> 00:03:16.410
making sure that it's shared
equally across society,
00:03:16.410 --> 00:03:19.240
and we're committed to those ethical
00:03:20.671 --> 00:03:23.373
and responsible development process.
00:03:25.140 --> 00:03:27.540
We also wanna be very transparent
00:03:27.540 --> 00:03:30.180
in this presentation about cost.
00:03:30.180 --> 00:03:32.160
We know most of you are wondering,
00:03:32.160 --> 00:03:33.870
okay, well how much does it cost?
00:03:33.870 --> 00:03:36.360
And who can use Khanmigo?
00:03:36.360 --> 00:03:38.910
Teachers, parents, adult learners,
00:03:38.910 --> 00:03:41.880
and school districts can all get Khanmigo.
00:03:41.880 --> 00:03:44.730
On the screen, you do
see some prices there,
00:03:44.730 --> 00:03:46.620
and at the end of this presentation,
00:03:46.620 --> 00:03:49.110
we're gonna make sure that
you get more information
00:03:49.110 --> 00:03:52.113
about how to access and purchase Khanmigo.
00:03:54.270 --> 00:03:58.530
Most of the times we get specific
questions around Khanmigo,
00:03:58.530 --> 00:04:02.070
and so we wanna address
a few of those right now.
00:04:02.070 --> 00:04:05.190
First, we know that Khan Academy is known
00:04:05.190 --> 00:04:07.920
for providing a free
world-class education,
00:04:07.920 --> 00:04:12.450
but we do have to charge for Khanmigo
00:04:12.450 --> 00:04:14.460
because we have to cover the fees
00:04:14.460 --> 00:04:17.850
that we have to pay for GPT-4.
00:04:17.850 --> 00:04:20.850
In order for a teacher to
give their students access,
00:04:20.850 --> 00:04:24.480
the teacher must be a part
of a district partnership
00:04:24.480 --> 00:04:27.063
as a way to prioritize student safety.
00:04:28.260 --> 00:04:31.200
We'll have more information
on the partnerships
00:04:31.200 --> 00:04:33.390
later in this presentation.
00:04:33.390 --> 00:04:36.330
If you are a homeschooling parent,
00:04:36.330 --> 00:04:40.710
you can only get access
for your child only.
00:04:40.710 --> 00:04:43.600
And we would love to have a free trial
00:04:45.210 --> 00:04:47.070
for educators who would like to,
00:04:47.070 --> 00:04:49.950
however, we do have some
technical limitations
00:04:49.950 --> 00:04:52.443
that prevent that option at this time.
00:04:53.520 --> 00:04:55.080
So you might be wondering,
00:04:55.080 --> 00:04:57.210
where the name Khanmigo comes from?
00:04:57.210 --> 00:05:01.920
We've combined our name Khan
with the Spanish word Amigo,
00:05:01.920 --> 00:05:04.590
which now gives you a creative co-pilot
00:05:04.590 --> 00:05:06.720
that's gonna work alongside with you,
00:05:06.720 --> 00:05:08.160
and it has a very welcoming
00:05:08.160 --> 00:05:11.580
and supporting presence available
00:05:11.580 --> 00:05:14.193
as you are going through
your Khan Academy journey.
00:05:15.060 --> 00:05:17.030
- All right, so with that,
00:05:17.030 --> 00:05:22.030
it is time to jump into Khanmigo.
00:05:22.110 --> 00:05:24.270
So I'm gonna be working
in the platform today,
00:05:24.270 --> 00:05:26.490
walking you through some of the things
00:05:26.490 --> 00:05:27.780
that you can see, experience,
00:05:27.780 --> 00:05:30.060
and what it might be like to use this
00:05:30.060 --> 00:05:32.640
with students in the classroom.
00:05:32.640 --> 00:05:35.310
So I just logged in to
my Khan Academy account
00:05:35.310 --> 00:05:38.130
and this page is the
first page that pops up.
00:05:38.130 --> 00:05:40.470
This is our AI Activities page.
00:05:40.470 --> 00:05:42.240
There is lots of stuff here,
00:05:42.240 --> 00:05:44.940
and we're gonna dig into a
few of these in a little bit,
00:05:44.940 --> 00:05:46.530
but I want you to just first notice
00:05:46.530 --> 00:05:49.830
that there are activities
here that support teachers.
00:05:49.830 --> 00:05:52.350
We can look at how our students
are doing in Khan Academy
00:05:52.350 --> 00:05:53.910
with a class snapshot.
00:05:53.910 --> 00:05:55.440
We can refresh our knowledge,
00:05:55.440 --> 00:05:57.120
co-create a rubric,
00:05:57.120 --> 00:05:59.550
even chat with chat GPT-4.
00:05:59.550 --> 00:06:01.290
There are also some activities down here
00:06:01.290 --> 00:06:03.870
that allow you to take
the seat of a learner,
00:06:03.870 --> 00:06:05.610
and we're gonna dig into all of that.
00:06:05.610 --> 00:06:07.350
But there is lots of stuff here
00:06:07.350 --> 00:06:09.690
and I just want you to
notice right out of the gate
00:06:09.690 --> 00:06:13.263
how much you have at your
fingertips with Khanmigo.
00:06:14.970 --> 00:06:17.040
We do have this AI Activities page,
00:06:17.040 --> 00:06:18.960
but my favorite part,
00:06:18.960 --> 00:06:21.660
the real power in my mind of Khanmigo,
00:06:21.660 --> 00:06:25.020
is using Khanmigo with our courses.
00:06:25.020 --> 00:06:27.300
So I'm gonna go up here
in this top left-hand menu
00:06:27.300 --> 00:06:29.277
of our screen in Khan Academy
00:06:29.277 --> 00:06:31.410
and I'm gonna open up the Courses menu.
00:06:31.410 --> 00:06:33.840
And what you see here, if
you're not already familiar,
00:06:33.840 --> 00:06:36.510
we have courses in mathematics, science,
00:06:36.510 --> 00:06:37.800
arts and humanities.
00:06:37.800 --> 00:06:40.200
If you're looking for
middle school science
00:06:40.200 --> 00:06:41.730
or high school history,
00:06:41.730 --> 00:06:45.900
we have courses that tailor
to all of those needs.
00:06:45.900 --> 00:06:47.520
So Khanmigo,
00:06:47.520 --> 00:06:50.490
what makes Khanmigo
different is that it partners
00:06:50.490 --> 00:06:54.150
with this already well-known
high-quality content
00:06:54.150 --> 00:06:57.150
to really create a
comprehensive learning path
00:06:57.150 --> 00:06:59.520
and support for all students.
00:06:59.520 --> 00:07:01.800
So I'm gonna show you what that looks like
00:07:01.800 --> 00:07:05.280
by jumping into our middle
school biology class.
00:07:05.280 --> 00:07:07.533
I'm gonna go into middle school biology,
00:07:08.430 --> 00:07:09.510
and what we see here,
00:07:09.510 --> 00:07:11.670
we have all of these units
on the left-hand side.
00:07:11.670 --> 00:07:14.430
So this has the same sort of
arrangement as a textbook.
00:07:14.430 --> 00:07:15.690
This is a course
00:07:15.690 --> 00:07:18.300
and each course is made
up of a series of units.
00:07:18.300 --> 00:07:20.040
I'm gonna scroll down here.
00:07:20.040 --> 00:07:22.530
On this screen, we can
see the units here too.
00:07:22.530 --> 00:07:25.680
And each unit is made up of lessons.
00:07:25.680 --> 00:07:27.690
I'm gonna jump into the first lesson here,
00:07:27.690 --> 00:07:29.103
cells and organisms.
00:07:30.720 --> 00:07:33.960
And what we see here is that
we have all sorts of content
00:07:33.960 --> 00:07:35.040
to support learners.
00:07:35.040 --> 00:07:39.210
We have videos, articles, and exercises.
00:07:39.210 --> 00:07:40.537
So I'm gonna go into an exercise.
00:07:40.537 --> 00:07:43.560
I'm gonna be working with
my students next week
00:07:43.560 --> 00:07:46.410
on understanding cells and organisms.
00:07:46.410 --> 00:07:48.840
And Khanmigo is down here in the corner.
00:07:48.840 --> 00:07:49.740
So if I'm getting ready
00:07:49.740 --> 00:07:52.170
to teach this content to my students,
00:07:52.170 --> 00:07:53.520
I'm gonna open up Khanmigo.
00:07:55.470 --> 00:07:57.510
And as a teacher,
00:07:57.510 --> 00:07:59.550
it has several different prompts here
00:07:59.550 --> 00:08:03.870
that I can use to support my
instruction and my planning.
00:08:03.870 --> 00:08:05.850
So the first that I wanna do is,
00:08:05.850 --> 00:08:08.340
how might I explain this
concept to my students?
00:08:08.340 --> 00:08:11.220
What does it mean to
teach cells and organisms
00:08:11.220 --> 00:08:13.350
and making sure students understand that?
00:08:13.350 --> 00:08:16.470
So I'm going to click here to
help me explain this concept,
00:08:16.470 --> 00:08:19.020
open that up a little bit
bigger so you can see it.
00:08:20.425 --> 00:08:22.470
And Khanmigo is gonna give me some ideas
00:08:22.470 --> 00:08:25.560
of how I might talk to my students
00:08:25.560 --> 00:08:27.630
about cells and organisms.
00:08:27.630 --> 00:08:29.580
Quite an explanation here.
00:08:29.580 --> 00:08:31.320
So we start up with like, hey, kiddos,
00:08:31.320 --> 00:08:34.110
today we're going to talk
about something super cool,
00:08:34.110 --> 00:08:35.553
cells and organisms!
00:08:36.660 --> 00:08:37.590
But maybe I was looking
00:08:37.590 --> 00:08:38.940
for something a little bit different.
00:08:38.940 --> 00:08:40.560
I'm gonna ask Khanmigo,
00:08:40.560 --> 00:08:45.090
can you help me write a catchy poem,
00:08:45.090 --> 00:08:45.923
oops,
00:08:48.240 --> 00:08:51.093
about this for my students?
00:08:54.750 --> 00:08:56.450
See what Khanmigo comes back with.
00:08:58.346 --> 00:08:59.550
Loves the idea of a poem.
00:08:59.550 --> 00:09:01.590
Cells, cells, they're really swell.
00:09:01.590 --> 00:09:03.900
In every organism, they do dwell.
00:09:03.900 --> 00:09:07.980
So we can ask Khanmigo for
different takes on things,
00:09:07.980 --> 00:09:09.870
different pieces of information
00:09:09.870 --> 00:09:11.370
so that we can present this to students
00:09:11.370 --> 00:09:13.410
in a way that feels relevant
00:09:13.410 --> 00:09:16.680
and tied to what we are
already doing in instruction.
00:09:16.680 --> 00:09:19.500
So I love this because it
really helps me not only think
00:09:19.500 --> 00:09:22.440
about what content might
I deliver to students,
00:09:22.440 --> 00:09:25.290
I have that great Khan
Academy content here,
00:09:25.290 --> 00:09:27.720
but I can use Khanmigo to help me think
00:09:27.720 --> 00:09:30.333
about how I deliver that to my students.
00:09:31.170 --> 00:09:32.640
I'm just gonna refresh this chat,
00:09:32.640 --> 00:09:34.860
go right back to the beginning,
00:09:34.860 --> 00:09:37.380
and maybe now I wanna walk
through this exercise.
00:09:37.380 --> 00:09:39.480
So remember we're here in this exercise
00:09:39.480 --> 00:09:41.280
asking some questions.
00:09:41.280 --> 00:09:42.720
And I have this exercise
00:09:42.720 --> 00:09:44.610
that's just gonna be
presented to students.
00:09:44.610 --> 00:09:46.290
What are all organisms made up of?
00:09:46.290 --> 00:09:48.090
A single cell, many cells,
00:09:48.090 --> 00:09:49.590
one or more cells.
00:09:49.590 --> 00:09:52.560
So I can open up Khanmigo as a teacher
00:09:52.560 --> 00:09:54.813
and have it walk me through the exercise.
00:09:56.100 --> 00:09:57.303
Let's see what it says.
00:09:59.190 --> 00:10:01.050
Maybe I'm working on making
sure that I understand this.
00:10:01.050 --> 00:10:03.693
Maybe I'm doing this with
my kids' whole class.
00:10:04.800 --> 00:10:06.120
It tells me here,
00:10:06.120 --> 00:10:08.220
this is the example of what students see,
00:10:08.220 --> 00:10:09.660
here's the answer choices,
00:10:09.660 --> 00:10:11.700
and it tells me what the answer is.
00:10:11.700 --> 00:10:13.680
So if I'm reviewing content
00:10:13.680 --> 00:10:15.210
that I haven't seen in a little while
00:10:15.210 --> 00:10:17.160
or I'm doing a math concept,
00:10:17.160 --> 00:10:19.230
I don't have the time to break
out the paper and pencil,
00:10:19.230 --> 00:10:21.540
that's here as a support for me.
00:10:21.540 --> 00:10:23.190
Now, as a teacher,
00:10:23.190 --> 00:10:25.320
you have this little toggle up here.
00:10:25.320 --> 00:10:27.870
Right now I'm in teacher mode,
00:10:27.870 --> 00:10:29.940
and in teacher mode,
00:10:29.940 --> 00:10:31.650
I'm going to get this support.
00:10:31.650 --> 00:10:33.963
It's talking to me like I'm a teacher,
00:10:34.800 --> 00:10:38.100
so I have this support
of getting the answer,
00:10:38.100 --> 00:10:41.430
walking through exactly what's explained.
00:10:41.430 --> 00:10:44.970
But if I turn that off and
I go into student mode,
00:10:44.970 --> 00:10:46.980
Khanmigo is going to support me
00:10:46.980 --> 00:10:49.200
much more like a Socratic tutor,
00:10:49.200 --> 00:10:51.990
putting the ownership
of learning back on me
00:10:51.990 --> 00:10:53.430
as the learner and the student.
00:10:53.430 --> 00:10:55.320
So in student mode,
00:10:55.320 --> 00:10:57.900
Khanmigo is not going to provide answers.
00:10:57.900 --> 00:10:59.600
So I want you to think about this.
00:11:00.780 --> 00:11:04.560
And if you had this in your
classroom as a teacher,
00:11:04.560 --> 00:11:07.500
how might you be able
to turn on student mode
00:11:07.500 --> 00:11:09.810
and maybe project this
onto the whiteboard,
00:11:09.810 --> 00:11:11.790
pull it up on the smart board,
00:11:11.790 --> 00:11:14.970
and turn student mode
on to engage students
00:11:14.970 --> 00:11:17.070
in a new and exciting way,
00:11:17.070 --> 00:11:18.810
maybe something that
they haven't seen before
00:11:18.810 --> 00:11:20.610
that might be exciting to them.
00:11:20.610 --> 00:11:23.310
We're gonna talk more about
that in just a little bit.
00:11:24.390 --> 00:11:25.950
With that, I'm gonna jump over
00:11:25.950 --> 00:11:28.500
and show you another one
of my favorite activities.
00:11:28.500 --> 00:11:30.940
I'm gonna go back to
this AI Activities page
00:11:32.460 --> 00:11:35.220
and I'm going to open up Class Snapshot.
00:11:35.220 --> 00:11:36.870
Before I do that,
00:11:36.870 --> 00:11:39.480
we already mentioned that using Khanmigo
00:11:39.480 --> 00:11:43.260
alongside our courses and
content, remember that's up here,
00:11:43.260 --> 00:11:46.830
so using Khanmigo with
algebra one, algebra two,
00:11:46.830 --> 00:11:48.630
middle school physics,
00:11:48.630 --> 00:11:50.700
is really what makes Khanmigo different
00:11:50.700 --> 00:11:53.580
and makes it stand apart from
other tools on the market.
00:11:53.580 --> 00:11:55.230
So if you are using Khanmigo
00:11:55.230 --> 00:11:57.540
or you're interested in using Khanmigo,
00:11:57.540 --> 00:12:00.150
students should also be
working in Khan Academy
00:12:00.150 --> 00:12:02.400
and learning in those
Khan Academy courses.
00:12:02.400 --> 00:12:03.540
You can set your students up
00:12:03.540 --> 00:12:05.220
with mastery goals and assignments
00:12:05.220 --> 00:12:07.230
so that they are working on content
00:12:07.230 --> 00:12:10.440
that mirrors what you're
already doing in the classroom.
00:12:10.440 --> 00:12:11.310
If you haven't checked it out,
00:12:11.310 --> 00:12:13.410
definitely jump into the
courses and find a course
00:12:13.410 --> 00:12:16.440
and maybe explore it on
your own to see what's here.
00:12:16.440 --> 00:12:19.140
But imagine for a second
we've already done that.
00:12:19.140 --> 00:12:20.340
We've gotten our kids set up,
00:12:20.340 --> 00:12:22.410
they're working in Khan Academy,
00:12:22.410 --> 00:12:25.473
and now as a teacher I have Khanmigo.
00:12:26.340 --> 00:12:27.960
Rather than going in and having to look
00:12:27.960 --> 00:12:30.300
at how every single one
of my students has done
00:12:30.300 --> 00:12:32.850
and what they're working
on in Khan Academy,
00:12:32.850 --> 00:12:35.160
I'm gonna open up Class Snapshot
00:12:35.160 --> 00:12:36.750
and I'm gonna go into one of my courses.
00:12:36.750 --> 00:12:38.850
I'm gonna check out my algebra one course.
00:12:39.961 --> 00:12:41.880
I'm gonna open that up,
00:12:41.880 --> 00:12:43.410
gonna give it a second,
00:12:43.410 --> 00:12:48.330
and I want you to take a look
at what Class Snapshot can do.
00:12:48.330 --> 00:12:50.700
So it's pulling data
for the last seven days.
00:12:50.700 --> 00:12:52.800
Now, my class has not been very active,
00:12:52.800 --> 00:12:55.980
but we know y'all are gonna
have much more active students.
00:12:55.980 --> 00:12:58.440
What you're seeing here is the activity
00:12:58.440 --> 00:13:00.720
and the performance of your class.
00:13:00.720 --> 00:13:02.520
So I'm seeing the activity of my students.
00:13:02.520 --> 00:13:05.160
I had a goal that they were
gonna work for 30 minutes.
00:13:05.160 --> 00:13:06.900
My class is a little behind the curve,
00:13:06.900 --> 00:13:09.420
they've only done an
average of two minutes.
00:13:09.420 --> 00:13:12.600
I see the assignments and
how my class is doing,
00:13:12.600 --> 00:13:14.430
their average exercise performance,
00:13:14.430 --> 00:13:16.170
quizzes, tests,
00:13:16.170 --> 00:13:17.940
and how they're doing on their skills.
00:13:17.940 --> 00:13:20.220
So imagine my students are working
00:13:20.220 --> 00:13:22.380
through their algebra one course,
00:13:22.380 --> 00:13:25.230
and in a snap, I can open up Khanmigo
00:13:25.230 --> 00:13:28.440
and I can get this snapshot
to see quick glance,
00:13:28.440 --> 00:13:30.330
how are my students doing?
00:13:30.330 --> 00:13:33.240
This is really powerful information
00:13:33.240 --> 00:13:35.370
that makes it a whole lot easier
00:13:35.370 --> 00:13:38.370
for me to get a comprehensive
view of my class's progress.
00:13:38.370 --> 00:13:40.500
I understand where my class stands
00:13:40.500 --> 00:13:42.270
in terms of learning objectives.
00:13:42.270 --> 00:13:45.210
I can identify areas where
my students are excelling
00:13:45.210 --> 00:13:47.370
and maybe where we have
some more opportunities
00:13:47.370 --> 00:13:49.590
for growth and extra instruction.
00:13:49.590 --> 00:13:53.580
So I love this because it saves us time
00:13:53.580 --> 00:13:56.490
by giving us a consolidated
view of class progress.
00:13:56.490 --> 00:13:59.370
Totally takes away the
need from manual tracking
00:13:59.370 --> 00:14:01.500
and looking at each individual student.
00:14:01.500 --> 00:14:02.760
I can always dig in, right?
00:14:02.760 --> 00:14:05.130
I can always go take a
closer look at a student,
00:14:05.130 --> 00:14:08.010
but this makes it really
easy for me to dig in
00:14:08.010 --> 00:14:10.080
and get that nitty-gritty information
00:14:10.080 --> 00:14:11.680
about how my students are doing.
00:14:12.990 --> 00:14:15.930
So after we get the class snapshot,
00:14:15.930 --> 00:14:18.810
what I really love are some
options for student grouping,
00:14:18.810 --> 00:14:22.260
because it's one thing to have this data,
00:14:22.260 --> 00:14:24.270
it's another thing to
know what to do with it
00:14:24.270 --> 00:14:25.800
and how we're gonna respond
00:14:25.800 --> 00:14:29.970
and how that data is going to
be used to drive instruction.
00:14:29.970 --> 00:14:31.470
So we might ask Khanmigo,
00:14:31.470 --> 00:14:34.620
which students need to be
celebrated for their work?
00:14:34.620 --> 00:14:37.500
Students need that pat on
the back as much as we do.
00:14:37.500 --> 00:14:39.390
We might ask, who needs a check-in
00:14:39.390 --> 00:14:41.310
about their skills progress for the week?
00:14:41.310 --> 00:14:43.590
Or who's a little ahead of the curve
00:14:43.590 --> 00:14:47.340
and they're doing better than
25% on their mastery goal?
00:14:47.340 --> 00:14:50.760
But what I wanna show you is
how we can group the class
00:14:50.760 --> 00:14:52.440
by their recommendations.
00:14:52.440 --> 00:14:55.083
So if students have been
working on this content,
00:14:56.010 --> 00:14:59.790
how can we take those
students and make groups?
00:14:59.790 --> 00:15:01.443
So I'm gonna open up this tool,
00:15:03.360 --> 00:15:05.313
let's see what it comes back with.
00:15:10.110 --> 00:15:12.480
All right, check it out.
00:15:12.480 --> 00:15:14.040
Here's my students' names
00:15:14.040 --> 00:15:16.260
and a list of the concepts and skills
00:15:16.260 --> 00:15:17.910
that they need to work on.
00:15:17.910 --> 00:15:18.900
So I have Chelsea
00:15:18.900 --> 00:15:21.060
that needs to work on this
set of recommendations,
00:15:21.060 --> 00:15:23.070
and I have a whole group of kiddos
00:15:23.070 --> 00:15:25.350
that need to work on these skills here.
00:15:25.350 --> 00:15:26.460
So what this has done,
00:15:26.460 --> 00:15:28.470
I mean, in a world past,
00:15:28.470 --> 00:15:30.240
I would have to look at every student,
00:15:30.240 --> 00:15:32.490
how they're doing on their skills,
00:15:32.490 --> 00:15:35.010
figure out where they are in those skills,
00:15:35.010 --> 00:15:36.780
make groups,
00:15:36.780 --> 00:15:38.430
and this has done that for me, right?
00:15:38.430 --> 00:15:39.780
It's taking all of that data,
00:15:39.780 --> 00:15:41.610
it's allowing you to make student groups,
00:15:41.610 --> 00:15:44.130
which is super empowering, saving time,
00:15:44.130 --> 00:15:45.480
and now I know what I'm doing tomorrow.
00:15:45.480 --> 00:15:46.830
I'm gonna grab those students.
00:15:46.830 --> 00:15:48.330
I'm gonna grab Chelsea,
pull her to the back,
00:15:48.330 --> 00:15:49.680
get some chart paper,
00:15:49.680 --> 00:15:51.090
and we're gonna talk about
00:15:51.090 --> 00:15:52.620
relating division and multiplication
00:15:52.620 --> 00:15:54.270
and how those go together.
00:15:54.270 --> 00:15:56.130
I can then even go back into my class
00:15:56.130 --> 00:15:57.390
and assign that content,
00:15:57.390 --> 00:16:00.720
again, from those Khan Academy courses.
00:16:00.720 --> 00:16:03.750
So Khanmigo and Khan Academy,
they go hand in hand.
00:16:03.750 --> 00:16:07.230
And again, that's really
what sets this tool apart.
00:16:07.230 --> 00:16:10.200
It's not just a stand-alone AI tool,
00:16:10.200 --> 00:16:13.920
it's a tool that complements
curriculum and content
00:16:13.920 --> 00:16:15.243
in a really powerful way.
00:16:17.400 --> 00:16:19.470
All right, so with that,
00:16:19.470 --> 00:16:21.900
we're gonna jump into some
of these other activities,
00:16:21.900 --> 00:16:23.550
and I think you're gonna be really excited
00:16:23.550 --> 00:16:25.590
because these are pretty cool.
00:16:25.590 --> 00:16:30.210
So I'm gonna start by looking
at Refresh My Knowledge.
00:16:30.210 --> 00:16:34.710
There are so many use cases for this tool,
00:16:34.710 --> 00:16:36.870
whether maybe we're a new teacher
00:16:36.870 --> 00:16:40.020
and we're still working
on building that comfort
00:16:40.020 --> 00:16:41.340
to stand up in front of a group
00:16:41.340 --> 00:16:43.680
of students that can be
a little bit critical
00:16:43.680 --> 00:16:46.260
and deliver content to answer questions.
00:16:46.260 --> 00:16:48.780
Or I remember in my
eighth year of teaching,
00:16:48.780 --> 00:16:50.850
I was feeling pretty good about myself
00:16:50.850 --> 00:16:52.860
until I was given a brand-new grade level,
00:16:52.860 --> 00:16:55.110
and while I knew the content,
00:16:55.110 --> 00:16:56.010
it had been a minute
00:16:56.010 --> 00:16:58.920
and I just needed a safe
place to go and practice,
00:16:58.920 --> 00:17:01.200
and not everybody has that safe space,
00:17:01.200 --> 00:17:04.620
so Khanmigo and Refresh
My Knowledge can be there.
00:17:04.620 --> 00:17:07.500
So here we are, to start off,
00:17:07.500 --> 00:17:11.130
what topic and grade level
would I like a refresher on?
00:17:11.130 --> 00:17:16.130
So I'm going to be teaching
eighth grade gene mutations.
00:17:17.040 --> 00:17:19.440
Oops, it would help if I typed the number.
00:17:19.440 --> 00:17:21.693
There we go, eighth grade gene mutations.
00:17:23.490 --> 00:17:26.820
So it's gonna give me some major concepts
00:17:26.820 --> 00:17:29.490
related to gene mutations
that are going on here.
00:17:29.490 --> 00:17:31.080
And then I have a choice.
00:17:31.080 --> 00:17:35.310
I can practice and build my
understanding and comprehension
00:17:35.310 --> 00:17:37.380
by being quizzed on the topic
00:17:37.380 --> 00:17:39.570
or maybe through learning
through conversation,
00:17:39.570 --> 00:17:41.160
and that's the one I'm
gonna go with today,
00:17:41.160 --> 00:17:42.933
I wanna learn through conversation.
00:17:45.750 --> 00:17:46.583
So let's see.
00:17:46.583 --> 00:17:49.200
Can you explain to me
what a gene mutation is
00:17:49.200 --> 00:17:51.933
and how it differs from
a frameshift mutation?
00:17:52.890 --> 00:17:54.033
Actually,
00:17:55.530 --> 00:18:00.530
I want to understand the role
of RNA in gene mutations.
00:18:03.690 --> 00:18:05.070
We got some typos here, y'all,
00:18:05.070 --> 00:18:07.820
but that's okay because we're
human and it understands.
00:18:10.470 --> 00:18:14.070
What is the role of RNA in gene mutations?
00:18:14.070 --> 00:18:15.960
So it's able to help me understand that,
00:18:15.960 --> 00:18:17.400
it's talking me through it.
00:18:17.400 --> 00:18:20.370
And now not only is it
giving me an explanation.
00:18:20.370 --> 00:18:23.370
Absolutely, RNA, or ribonucleic acid,
00:18:23.370 --> 00:18:25.500
plays a crucial role in gene mutations.
00:18:25.500 --> 00:18:27.450
And I have this explanation.
00:18:27.450 --> 00:18:30.240
But now it's allowing me the opportunity
00:18:30.240 --> 00:18:31.890
to test my understanding.
00:18:31.890 --> 00:18:33.810
If a student were to ask me,
00:18:33.810 --> 00:18:37.830
how does a mutation in
the DNA affect the RNA?
00:18:37.830 --> 00:18:39.390
How would I answer it?
00:18:39.390 --> 00:18:41.853
So let's say, I'm not sure.
00:18:43.290 --> 00:18:45.783
Can you give me some tips?
00:18:51.450 --> 00:18:53.340
So it gives me a sample answer.
00:18:53.340 --> 00:18:56.850
So we have this very
constructive back and forth
00:18:56.850 --> 00:19:00.390
where as I'm building maybe my
understanding of the content
00:19:00.390 --> 00:19:01.680
because I'm new to it
00:19:01.680 --> 00:19:05.040
or maybe just how I'm gonna
explain it to students.
00:19:05.040 --> 00:19:08.460
Often it's one thing to
understand the content ourselves,
00:19:08.460 --> 00:19:10.680
it's a whole other thing to be prepared
00:19:10.680 --> 00:19:13.980
to explain it to students
at that foundational level.
00:19:13.980 --> 00:19:17.070
So Refresh My Knowledge
is a great tool for that.
00:19:17.070 --> 00:19:19.080
And just like I showed you earlier,
00:19:19.080 --> 00:19:21.300
you can even say,
00:19:21.300 --> 00:19:25.533
can you write that as a poem?
00:19:28.380 --> 00:19:29.880
And it can do that.
00:19:29.880 --> 00:19:32.190
You could ask it to write
a more thorough explanation
00:19:32.190 --> 00:19:35.220
to expand or to make
something more concise.
00:19:35.220 --> 00:19:38.490
So it's really nice to
have this safe space
00:19:38.490 --> 00:19:40.620
to get that comfort
and get that confidence
00:19:40.620 --> 00:19:42.783
before we deliver content to students.
00:19:44.190 --> 00:19:45.780
Now, let's say, I've got that,
00:19:45.780 --> 00:19:47.340
I'm feeling pretty good about my comfort
00:19:47.340 --> 00:19:49.530
and my knowledge walking into that.
00:19:49.530 --> 00:19:51.600
I'm ready to start planning my lesson.
00:19:51.600 --> 00:19:52.980
I wanna create a lesson hook
00:19:52.980 --> 00:19:55.323
for an activity that I'm about to deliver.
00:19:56.310 --> 00:19:57.390
In this activity,
00:19:57.390 --> 00:19:59.280
Khanmigo is gonna help us
come up with some ideas
00:19:59.280 --> 00:20:02.160
for lesson hooks to spark
our students' interest
00:20:02.160 --> 00:20:04.200
in our lesson at the beginning of class.
00:20:04.200 --> 00:20:06.060
What grade level and
subject am I teaching?
00:20:06.060 --> 00:20:08.130
So I'm gonna shift just a little bit
00:20:08.130 --> 00:20:08.963
and we're gonna go
00:20:08.963 --> 00:20:13.760
into teaching seventh
grade two-step equations.
00:20:19.290 --> 00:20:22.740
Okay, so it's gonna come
up with some lesson hooks.
00:20:22.740 --> 00:20:23.790
Let's see, we've got one,
00:20:23.790 --> 00:20:25.110
the magic number box.
00:20:25.110 --> 00:20:28.710
We would start the class by
showing them a decorated box.
00:20:28.710 --> 00:20:31.560
Tell the students that the
box contains a magic number.
00:20:31.560 --> 00:20:32.910
The only way to discover the number
00:20:32.910 --> 00:20:34.920
is solving a two-step equation
00:20:34.920 --> 00:20:36.600
that we've written on the board.
00:20:36.600 --> 00:20:39.330
The surprise element of the magic number
00:20:39.330 --> 00:20:41.100
will peak their curiosity
00:20:41.100 --> 00:20:42.690
and they'll be eager
to solve the equation.
00:20:42.690 --> 00:20:43.800
It's one idea.
00:20:43.800 --> 00:20:44.940
We have another idea,
00:20:44.940 --> 00:20:46.200
there's two.
00:20:46.200 --> 00:20:47.070
Now let's say,
00:20:47.070 --> 00:20:48.690
I really wanted something more in tune
00:20:48.690 --> 00:20:49.950
with my students' interests
00:20:49.950 --> 00:20:51.480
and more in line with something
00:20:51.480 --> 00:20:53.640
that's gonna grab their
attention right out of the gate.
00:20:53.640 --> 00:20:56.010
My students, junior high teacher here,
00:20:56.010 --> 00:20:58.230
my students love Fortnite,
00:20:58.230 --> 00:20:59.520
so I'm gonna ask,
00:20:59.520 --> 00:21:04.350
can you write lesson hooks
00:21:04.350 --> 00:21:09.000
that are related to Fortnite?
00:21:09.000 --> 00:21:10.100
Let's see what we get.
00:21:12.150 --> 00:21:13.110
Ah, Fortnite,
00:21:13.110 --> 00:21:14.640
now, that's a game that gets kids excited,
00:21:14.640 --> 00:21:15.900
it sure is.
00:21:15.900 --> 00:21:18.420
So we've got a Fortnite loot drop.
00:21:18.420 --> 00:21:19.830
Fortnite Battle Royale.
00:21:19.830 --> 00:21:21.030
You know about Fortnite,
00:21:21.030 --> 00:21:22.470
Battle Royale is a big thing.
00:21:22.470 --> 00:21:24.780
And so as soon as I put this on the board,
00:21:24.780 --> 00:21:28.350
as soon as I tell students
we're gonna do a Battle Royale,
00:21:28.350 --> 00:21:29.850
now they're listening to me, right?
00:21:29.850 --> 00:21:31.050
Now I've grabbed their interest.
00:21:31.050 --> 00:21:32.790
This is something that
they're interested in.
00:21:32.790 --> 00:21:36.480
Whether you were looking for
a lesson hook about Legos,
00:21:36.480 --> 00:21:39.240
video games, Pokemon,
00:21:39.240 --> 00:21:40.950
whatever the thing of the day is, right?
00:21:40.950 --> 00:21:42.360
Because it's always changing.
00:21:42.360 --> 00:21:44.400
It's really nice to have this alignment
00:21:44.400 --> 00:21:46.230
to something that
students are interested in
00:21:46.230 --> 00:21:47.340
so it grabs their interest
00:21:47.340 --> 00:21:50.100
and keeps their interest
in the lesson material.
00:21:50.100 --> 00:21:52.020
So we've got our lesson hooks.
00:21:52.020 --> 00:21:55.590
Let's think now about how we're
going to close the lesson.
00:21:55.590 --> 00:21:57.210
We've taught our lesson.
00:21:57.210 --> 00:21:59.910
How are we gonna know whether
or not students really got
00:21:59.910 --> 00:22:02.403
a solid grasp of this material?
00:22:03.720 --> 00:22:07.050
So we're gonna write some
exit ticket questions.
00:22:07.050 --> 00:22:09.723
What grade level and subject
do I want questions for?
00:22:10.680 --> 00:22:15.333
Let's stick with seventh
grade two-step equations.
00:22:19.050 --> 00:22:21.060
All right, what is the
specific learning objective?
00:22:21.060 --> 00:22:21.893
Let's see.
00:22:21.893 --> 00:22:25.000
We are going to be
solving two-step equations
00:22:26.070 --> 00:22:29.673
with rational coefficients.
00:22:31.680 --> 00:22:33.330
All right, let's see what we get.
00:22:34.500 --> 00:22:37.290
So we have a few sample
exit ticket questions there.
00:22:37.290 --> 00:22:40.950
And what I wanna point out is
these aren't super complex,
00:22:40.950 --> 00:22:43.230
you could have made these, right?
00:22:43.230 --> 00:22:45.810
We can always go and make our
own exit ticket questions.
00:22:45.810 --> 00:22:48.450
We can go curate some
examples from the internet
00:22:48.450 --> 00:22:50.070
or from our textbook,
00:22:50.070 --> 00:22:52.440
but saving the time to do that,
00:22:52.440 --> 00:22:55.140
having this done at our fingertips
00:22:55.140 --> 00:22:56.910
is really where the
power of this is, right?
00:22:56.910 --> 00:22:59.790
So again, as Deanna
mentioned at the beginning,
00:22:59.790 --> 00:23:02.310
we're trying to take the
time and the burden away
00:23:02.310 --> 00:23:05.490
from those more arduous tasks
00:23:05.490 --> 00:23:07.350
so that you can focus on the students.
00:23:07.350 --> 00:23:09.810
What if instead of curating this material,
00:23:09.810 --> 00:23:12.120
you're sitting at the table
working with a student,
00:23:12.120 --> 00:23:14.460
or you're actually working
through these with kids?
00:23:14.460 --> 00:23:16.590
That's what we wanna make sure you can do.
00:23:16.590 --> 00:23:18.510
So we have five examples here
00:23:18.510 --> 00:23:21.210
of what exit ticket questions might be,
00:23:21.210 --> 00:23:23.130
but I think the most powerful part of this
00:23:23.130 --> 00:23:25.950
is it's not just about
the procedural fluency
00:23:25.950 --> 00:23:28.680
to be able to answer these questions,
00:23:28.680 --> 00:23:30.000
what's almost more important
00:23:30.000 --> 00:23:33.240
is not just that we have the competence,
00:23:33.240 --> 00:23:36.630
but that we have the
confidence in this content.
00:23:36.630 --> 00:23:38.610
So we're also given a couple of questions
00:23:38.610 --> 00:23:41.400
that gauge students
confidence and understanding.
00:23:41.400 --> 00:23:45.300
On a scale of one to five, how
confident are they feeling?
00:23:45.300 --> 00:23:46.800
Are they ready to take this forward?
00:23:46.800 --> 00:23:48.360
Can they explain?
00:23:48.360 --> 00:23:50.190
That's critically important.
00:23:50.190 --> 00:23:52.620
So having these questions,
again, available
00:23:52.620 --> 00:23:55.113
and at your fingertips is super important.
00:23:56.640 --> 00:23:58.530
So with that,
00:23:58.530 --> 00:24:02.910
we are going to shift back over here
00:24:02.910 --> 00:24:06.390
and take a look at what it might look like
00:24:06.390 --> 00:24:09.060
to use Khanmigo with students.
00:24:09.060 --> 00:24:12.120
So I wanna really reinforce one thing.
00:24:12.120 --> 00:24:15.180
Unless you are part of
a district partnership
00:24:15.180 --> 00:24:17.310
where your school district has said,
00:24:17.310 --> 00:24:19.080
we are working with Khan Academy
00:24:19.080 --> 00:24:21.750
and all of our teachers are
working as part of that,
00:24:21.750 --> 00:24:24.270
then your students will not have access
00:24:24.270 --> 00:24:25.440
to Khanmigo on their own,
00:24:25.440 --> 00:24:27.840
meaning they're not gonna
be able to open their laptop
00:24:27.840 --> 00:24:29.910
and have Khanmigo there on the screen.
00:24:29.910 --> 00:24:31.620
Now, should your district choose
00:24:31.620 --> 00:24:33.570
to explore a district partnership with us,
00:24:33.570 --> 00:24:34.950
which we do have,
00:24:34.950 --> 00:24:38.490
it does come with
comprehensive, robust support
00:24:38.490 --> 00:24:40.950
for setting you, as a teacher,
00:24:40.950 --> 00:24:43.290
and your students, as
learners, up for success
00:24:43.290 --> 00:24:47.670
with lots of PD that actually
looks a lot like this.
00:24:47.670 --> 00:24:50.070
But that may not be
where you are right now.
00:24:50.070 --> 00:24:51.930
Maybe you're just looking
at what would it look like
00:24:51.930 --> 00:24:53.430
for me as a teacher
00:24:53.430 --> 00:24:55.020
to use this tool in my classroom
00:24:55.020 --> 00:24:56.820
if I'm the only one that has it.
00:24:56.820 --> 00:24:59.400
And we can still look at
what it might look like
00:24:59.400 --> 00:25:01.140
to use this whole class.
00:25:01.140 --> 00:25:04.230
Again, think about projecting
onto the whiteboard
00:25:04.230 --> 00:25:06.270
or pulling it up on a smart board,
00:25:06.270 --> 00:25:08.310
that's our frame of reference
for the next few minutes.
00:25:08.310 --> 00:25:10.320
So think about what it would look like
00:25:10.320 --> 00:25:12.420
whole class, one computer,
00:25:12.420 --> 00:25:13.770
and we're working together.
00:25:15.060 --> 00:25:17.760
When we are talking to students about AI,
00:25:17.760 --> 00:25:20.580
when we are working with students in AI,
00:25:20.580 --> 00:25:23.580
it is critical that we
frame the role of AI
00:25:23.580 --> 00:25:25.350
in our classroom.
00:25:25.350 --> 00:25:27.090
It is a tool,
00:25:27.090 --> 00:25:28.290
not a crutch.
00:25:28.290 --> 00:25:31.260
It is a tool amongst other
tools we have in our classroom,
00:25:31.260 --> 00:25:34.230
manipulatives, notes, wall charts, rulers,
00:25:34.230 --> 00:25:36.000
we have so many tools
00:25:36.000 --> 00:25:39.210
and we choose the right tool for the job.
00:25:39.210 --> 00:25:42.180
But the most important
thing is that our brain
00:25:42.180 --> 00:25:43.650
is our first supercomputer
00:25:43.650 --> 00:25:47.280
and we have to reinforce
that with students.
00:25:47.280 --> 00:25:50.220
Khanmigo is a tool to
support our thinking,
00:25:50.220 --> 00:25:52.890
to support our learning, not replace it.
00:25:52.890 --> 00:25:54.420
It's not something that we're gonna go to
00:25:54.420 --> 00:25:56.130
every time we have a question.
00:25:56.130 --> 00:25:59.550
Our first line of defense is
always thinking critically
00:25:59.550 --> 00:26:00.780
for ourselves
00:26:00.780 --> 00:26:04.473
and using Khanmigo as one
of the tools in our toolbox.
00:26:05.730 --> 00:26:08.850
So let's think about
what it might look like
00:26:08.850 --> 00:26:11.823
to use Khanmigo whole class.
00:26:12.720 --> 00:26:17.380
So I wanna go back to
what it would look like
00:26:18.450 --> 00:26:21.510
to use in one of the courses.
00:26:21.510 --> 00:26:26.070
So I'm gonna go back to that
middle school biology course,
00:26:26.070 --> 00:26:27.753
go into one of the units.
00:26:28.620 --> 00:26:30.810
Let's see, let's pick a
different piece of content.
00:26:30.810 --> 00:26:33.423
Let's go to cell parts and function.
00:26:34.830 --> 00:26:38.460
So here, if I open up, we're
gonna do this activity.
00:26:38.460 --> 00:26:41.220
We're learning about cell
parts and functions in class,
00:26:41.220 --> 00:26:46.220
and I open Khanmigo up and
I have it in student mode.
00:26:46.230 --> 00:26:50.853
Imagine that we ask Khanmigo
to help us solve this.
00:26:54.090 --> 00:26:55.050
Now remember,
00:26:55.050 --> 00:26:57.990
this is up on the smart
board or on the whiteboard,
00:26:57.990 --> 00:26:59.610
and Khanmigo is now
talking to your students
00:26:59.610 --> 00:27:00.720
because they can all see it.
00:27:00.720 --> 00:27:03.900
Sure, the goal is to pick the true facts
00:27:03.900 --> 00:27:05.520
about the cell membrane.
00:27:05.520 --> 00:27:07.920
Do you know what a cell membrane does?
00:27:07.920 --> 00:27:09.360
So now let's imagine I ask my students,
00:27:09.360 --> 00:27:10.980
what does the cell membrane do?
00:27:10.980 --> 00:27:11.940
We have some hands pop up.
00:27:11.940 --> 00:27:13.665
What do you wanna say to Khanmigo?
00:27:13.665 --> 00:27:15.750
And I have a friend back there
in the back row that says,
00:27:15.750 --> 00:27:18.930
the cell membrane keeps out the bad stuff.
00:27:18.930 --> 00:27:21.000
So I say, okay, I'm gonna type that in.
00:27:21.000 --> 00:27:26.000
The cell membrane keeps out the bad stuff.
00:27:26.910 --> 00:27:28.060
Let's see what it says.
00:27:29.280 --> 00:27:30.840
Yep, that's part of it.
00:27:30.840 --> 00:27:34.893
The cell membrane does
help keep out some things,
00:27:35.910 --> 00:27:39.303
but does it keep out
all things or just some?
00:27:40.740 --> 00:27:42.660
Again, you can ask your students,
00:27:42.660 --> 00:27:43.980
what does it do?
00:27:43.980 --> 00:27:45.870
So a student might say,
00:27:45.870 --> 00:27:49.300
I think it lets some stuff in
00:27:50.370 --> 00:27:53.733
and some stuff it keeps out.
00:27:58.200 --> 00:28:00.360
And we can keep going back and forth.
00:28:00.360 --> 00:28:04.560
Now, could we have the
same discussion whole class
00:28:04.560 --> 00:28:05.580
without Khanmigo?
00:28:05.580 --> 00:28:06.413
Absolutely.
00:28:06.413 --> 00:28:07.920
Could we read about this in a book?
00:28:07.920 --> 00:28:09.390
Absolutely.
00:28:09.390 --> 00:28:11.340
But we're always looking for new ways
00:28:11.340 --> 00:28:12.990
to engage students, right?
00:28:12.990 --> 00:28:14.520
If you pull this up on the board,
00:28:14.520 --> 00:28:16.200
how might your students react to this,
00:28:16.200 --> 00:28:17.790
to having this back and forth,
00:28:17.790 --> 00:28:19.080
and to having a tool
00:28:19.080 --> 00:28:23.070
where they can contribute
to a class discussion
00:28:23.070 --> 00:28:25.470
and Khanmigo can have that
back and forth dialogue
00:28:25.470 --> 00:28:27.060
with your whole class?
00:28:27.060 --> 00:28:30.630
We know how important it is
to change up the voice, right?
00:28:30.630 --> 00:28:34.170
Maybe we're looking for
a different perspective,
00:28:34.170 --> 00:28:35.670
not listening to our colleagues anymore,
00:28:35.670 --> 00:28:38.100
looking for a different
voice than the teacher.
00:28:38.100 --> 00:28:40.170
Khanmigo can be really powerful for that
00:28:40.170 --> 00:28:42.420
and it enables you, again, as the teacher,
00:28:42.420 --> 00:28:44.550
to take that guiding
and facilitating role,
00:28:44.550 --> 00:28:46.770
which is the most powerful role for you
00:28:46.770 --> 00:28:48.990
because you're leading that instruction.
00:28:48.990 --> 00:28:50.463
So that's one possibility.
00:28:51.390 --> 00:28:53.823
I'm gonna go back to
the AI Activities page,
00:28:55.080 --> 00:28:56.070
and I'm gonna scroll down here.
00:28:56.070 --> 00:28:58.800
Below our teaching tools,
00:28:58.800 --> 00:29:00.630
we have some student tools.
00:29:00.630 --> 00:29:01.463
And again, remember,
00:29:01.463 --> 00:29:04.590
your students don't have this
one-to-one on their laptops,
00:29:04.590 --> 00:29:06.630
but I want you to think
about how this might fit
00:29:06.630 --> 00:29:09.450
into your existing instructional routine.
00:29:09.450 --> 00:29:13.143
So, do your students ever
have to craft a story?
00:29:14.160 --> 00:29:15.780
Do you have high school students
00:29:15.780 --> 00:29:18.000
that are working on admissions essays?
00:29:18.000 --> 00:29:19.440
Or maybe they need to check for problems
00:29:19.440 --> 00:29:21.963
in their admission essay, debate.
00:29:22.950 --> 00:29:24.390
What about historical figures?
00:29:24.390 --> 00:29:26.250
Let's say that we're in history class
00:29:26.250 --> 00:29:29.490
and we are learning about World War II.
00:29:29.490 --> 00:29:31.950
I'm gonna open up historical figures,
00:29:31.950 --> 00:29:34.807
and let's see, we have
Winston Churchill here.
00:29:34.807 --> 00:29:36.750
I'm gonna open up Winston Churchill.
00:29:36.750 --> 00:29:38.820
Again, we're on the smart board.
00:29:38.820 --> 00:29:41.040
We'd love to meet Winston Churchill.
00:29:41.040 --> 00:29:43.920
History is not every student's
favorite topic, right?
00:29:43.920 --> 00:29:46.800
A lot of times we're stuck
reading history out of the book.
00:29:46.800 --> 00:29:49.290
Now, we know this isn't
really Winston Churchill
00:29:49.290 --> 00:29:51.510
and of course we're gonna
reinforce that to our students.
00:29:51.510 --> 00:29:55.650
This is Khanmigo speaking as
if it is Winston Churchill.
00:29:55.650 --> 00:29:59.880
But now we're bringing history to life.
00:29:59.880 --> 00:30:02.617
So, "Ah, splendid choice," Khanmigo says,
00:30:02.617 --> 00:30:05.820
"I am now about to become an AI simulation
00:30:05.820 --> 00:30:07.440
of Winston Churchill."
00:30:07.440 --> 00:30:08.273
So let's see.
00:30:08.273 --> 00:30:13.220
I might ask, what was
your opinion of D-Day?
00:30:15.990 --> 00:30:16.823
Oops.
00:30:18.690 --> 00:30:22.290
A pivotal moment in the co
course of the Second World War.
00:30:22.290 --> 00:30:24.933
So we can have that back and forth, right?
00:30:26.430 --> 00:30:30.510
How might this bring topics
to life for your students?
00:30:30.510 --> 00:30:33.510
What is this going to do
to the engagement level
00:30:33.510 --> 00:30:36.150
in your history class or
in your history lesson
00:30:36.150 --> 00:30:38.670
if you're in a self-contained classroom?
00:30:38.670 --> 00:30:39.630
And I wanna go back up,
00:30:39.630 --> 00:30:42.570
look at all the different
historical figures
00:30:42.570 --> 00:30:44.430
that you could bring to
life in your classroom
00:30:44.430 --> 00:30:46.980
and engage students in a brand-new way,
00:30:46.980 --> 00:30:49.890
in a way we've never
been able to do before.
00:30:49.890 --> 00:30:51.450
What about the same thing for literature?
00:30:51.450 --> 00:30:55.110
We might talk to a literary character.
00:30:55.110 --> 00:30:58.410
Maybe we wanna talk to Jay Gatsby and ask,
00:30:58.410 --> 00:31:01.773
so, what's that green light
really all about, right?
00:31:02.790 --> 00:31:05.010
Always chasing the elusive green light.
00:31:05.010 --> 00:31:07.320
Now, what brings you to my humble abode?
00:31:07.320 --> 00:31:09.930
Is there a particular topic
you'd like to discuss,
00:31:09.930 --> 00:31:12.603
or perhaps a question
you've been longing to ask?
00:31:13.560 --> 00:31:18.560
I'm gonna ask, how did you
really feel about Daisy?
00:31:23.130 --> 00:31:24.480
Ah, Daisy, old sport.
00:31:24.480 --> 00:31:26.790
So even talking like Jay Gatsby.
00:31:26.790 --> 00:31:31.173
Again, think about the
engagement with the text.
00:31:31.173 --> 00:31:32.250
We're gonna read the book, right?
00:31:32.250 --> 00:31:33.390
We need to work our way
00:31:33.390 --> 00:31:35.460
through one of the greatest
pieces of literature
00:31:35.460 --> 00:31:36.510
of all time.
00:31:36.510 --> 00:31:38.070
But now we can really engage
00:31:38.070 --> 00:31:40.410
and get students thinking more deeply
00:31:40.410 --> 00:31:42.840
and more critically than
they would have otherwise
00:31:42.840 --> 00:31:46.170
because we're pulling this
tool up on the smart board,
00:31:46.170 --> 00:31:47.490
up on the whiteboard,
00:31:47.490 --> 00:31:51.300
and engaging with students
in this brand-new way.
00:31:51.300 --> 00:31:52.440
Lots of other tools here,
00:31:52.440 --> 00:31:54.510
Word Architect, Word Safari,
00:31:54.510 --> 00:31:57.270
or even Ignite My Curiosity.
00:31:57.270 --> 00:31:58.650
Students have curiosities, right?
00:31:58.650 --> 00:32:00.780
There's lots of things
they wanna know about.
00:32:00.780 --> 00:32:01.890
Let's see.
00:32:01.890 --> 00:32:02.723
My students,
00:32:02.723 --> 00:32:07.590
I wanna talk about igniting
our curiosity about movies.
00:32:07.590 --> 00:32:10.410
Guys like movies, everybody
likes movies, right?
00:32:10.410 --> 00:32:11.910
Let's explore something related to movies
00:32:11.910 --> 00:32:13.710
like the art of storytelling,
00:32:13.710 --> 00:32:15.873
or the science of sound and light.
00:32:16.770 --> 00:32:21.770
I wanna know about the history of cinema.
00:32:24.270 --> 00:32:28.650
So imagine bringing these topics to life.
00:32:28.650 --> 00:32:31.110
Really, there's so many
different possibilities
00:32:31.110 --> 00:32:32.820
and ways that you can do this,
00:32:32.820 --> 00:32:34.470
but as a teacher,
00:32:34.470 --> 00:32:39.450
you not only have access
to those teacher tools,
00:32:39.450 --> 00:32:42.330
but you also have access
to the student tools.
00:32:42.330 --> 00:32:43.500
And there are ways,
00:32:43.500 --> 00:32:45.480
even if you're not part
of a district partnership,
00:32:45.480 --> 00:32:48.000
to, again, engage students whole class.
00:32:48.000 --> 00:32:49.650
And that is important to think about
00:32:49.650 --> 00:32:52.230
because if we are engaging
students whole class,
00:32:52.230 --> 00:32:53.610
we're maintaining that safety,
00:32:53.610 --> 00:32:56.640
we are never putting AI
in the hands of students
00:32:56.640 --> 00:32:59.460
where we don't have those
safety mechanisms in place
00:32:59.460 --> 00:33:00.660
and those safety protocols
00:33:00.660 --> 00:33:03.000
that are very much a part
of a district partnership.
00:33:03.000 --> 00:33:05.550
And we will give you some
information in just a few minutes
00:33:05.550 --> 00:33:08.103
about how to explore those
district partnerships.
00:33:08.940 --> 00:33:10.710
One other thing I wanna show you
00:33:10.710 --> 00:33:15.240
is that you can also, as a
teacher, chat with GPT-4.
00:33:15.240 --> 00:33:17.610
Now, we've all heard about GPT-4,
00:33:17.610 --> 00:33:19.748
but in Khanmigo,
00:33:19.748 --> 00:33:24.030
it is specifically designed to
engage with you as a teacher.
00:33:24.030 --> 00:33:28.200
So let's say with Chat GPT-4,
00:33:28.200 --> 00:33:32.760
I need a letter to parents
00:33:32.760 --> 00:33:36.960
introducing my new unit of study
00:33:36.960 --> 00:33:41.433
on eighth grade gene mutations.
00:33:45.866 --> 00:33:48.460
And it's gonna help me draft that letter.
00:33:54.810 --> 00:33:57.600
Now, I have some students in my class
00:33:57.600 --> 00:33:59.520
and their parents' first
language is Spanish,
00:33:59.520 --> 00:34:00.390
so I'm gonna ask,
00:34:00.390 --> 00:34:05.103
can you rewrite that letter in Spanish?
00:34:07.710 --> 00:34:09.330
And there we go.
00:34:09.330 --> 00:34:10.710
I can even, I can go back,
00:34:10.710 --> 00:34:11.700
I can have it back and forth,
00:34:11.700 --> 00:34:13.800
I can make modifications.
00:34:13.800 --> 00:34:16.970
Let's see, I'm going to ask it to...
00:34:18.720 --> 00:34:19.860
How powerful, right?
00:34:19.860 --> 00:34:22.020
The letter is already done in Spanish.
00:34:22.020 --> 00:34:25.080
So I'm opening the door to my families
00:34:25.080 --> 00:34:26.790
no matter what their first language is,
00:34:26.790 --> 00:34:28.710
English, Spanish, they are now empowered.
00:34:28.710 --> 00:34:31.500
And this is fully designed
to support students,
00:34:31.500 --> 00:34:34.560
English, Spanish, and Portuguese.
00:34:34.560 --> 00:34:35.393
So let's see.
00:34:35.393 --> 00:34:40.310
Can you add a note about
a group project that is,
00:34:43.660 --> 00:34:46.747
oops, that is due on November 1st?
00:34:50.970 --> 00:34:51.840
And it's gonna do that.
00:34:51.840 --> 00:34:54.240
I'll get it to put it back
in English in just a second.
00:34:54.240 --> 00:34:56.400
But we see that we can
have that back and forth.
00:34:56.400 --> 00:34:59.220
And then all I have to do is
copy and paste and it's done.
00:34:59.220 --> 00:35:00.750
How long would it have taken us
00:35:00.750 --> 00:35:04.470
to write that letter otherwise, right?
00:35:04.470 --> 00:35:06.900
It's done and it's really empowering
00:35:06.900 --> 00:35:08.820
to have that time saved.
00:35:08.820 --> 00:35:12.693
Can you rewrite this in English?
00:35:14.010 --> 00:35:15.060
So we can go back and forth
00:35:15.060 --> 00:35:16.910
and we have it all at our fingertips.
00:35:17.820 --> 00:35:19.410
So I love this,
00:35:19.410 --> 00:35:21.570
because, again, the objective here
00:35:21.570 --> 00:35:24.750
is to take some of that
day-to-day planning
00:35:24.750 --> 00:35:27.030
and prep work off of your plate
00:35:27.030 --> 00:35:30.450
so you have more time
to focus on instruction
00:35:30.450 --> 00:35:32.370
and to focus on students.
00:35:32.370 --> 00:35:34.710
And you can see here that
we do have that note.
00:35:34.710 --> 00:35:37.050
The project will be assigned
on the first day of the unit
00:35:37.050 --> 00:35:39.420
and the due date will be November 1st.
00:35:39.420 --> 00:35:41.490
So now all I have to do is copy this.
00:35:41.490 --> 00:35:43.410
I could paste it into a Word document,
00:35:43.410 --> 00:35:45.060
make a couple of changes if I wanted to,
00:35:45.060 --> 00:35:47.460
and my letter is done in
less than five minutes.
00:35:48.480 --> 00:35:49.620
So with that,
00:35:49.620 --> 00:35:52.160
I know we are still
working through the Q&A.
00:35:52.160 --> 00:35:53.940
If you have questions,
00:35:53.940 --> 00:35:55.680
post them in there.
00:35:55.680 --> 00:35:59.823
I'm gonna go ahead and turn
this back over to Deanna.
00:36:02.970 --> 00:36:04.350
- Thank you, Stacie.
00:36:04.350 --> 00:36:07.650
So after hearing all
that amazing information,
00:36:07.650 --> 00:36:09.810
if you want to learn more,
00:36:09.810 --> 00:36:14.250
we highly encourage you to
visit our Khan Academy website
00:36:14.250 --> 00:36:18.300
where you are going to find
our Khan for Educators course.
00:36:18.300 --> 00:36:20.250
Inside that Khan for Educators course,
00:36:20.250 --> 00:36:25.250
there is a unit that talks about Khanmigo.
00:36:25.350 --> 00:36:27.843
And so Stacie is bringing that up as well.
00:36:29.442 --> 00:36:31.233
You will find it, as I said,
00:36:33.584 --> 00:36:35.073
on our Khan Academy website.
00:36:36.180 --> 00:36:41.163
There's also a course that we
have called AI for Educators.
00:36:46.650 --> 00:36:48.000
You can also learn more
00:36:48.000 --> 00:36:50.850
by going through that course as well.
00:36:50.850 --> 00:36:54.063
So we highly encourage you
to check both of those out.
00:36:55.320 --> 00:36:57.090
- I'm gonna add this course, you guys,
00:36:57.090 --> 00:37:01.110
it is fantastic and it only
takes like 30, 45 minutes.
00:37:01.110 --> 00:37:03.570
These articles, super easy to read,
00:37:03.570 --> 00:37:04.590
really empowering,
00:37:04.590 --> 00:37:06.000
and gave me a lot of great ideas.
00:37:06.000 --> 00:37:07.260
I really encourage you to do that.
00:37:07.260 --> 00:37:09.510
- So as we wrap up,
00:37:09.510 --> 00:37:10.470
just think now,
00:37:10.470 --> 00:37:15.470
imagine having a co-teacher
at your fingertips 24/7.
00:37:15.600 --> 00:37:18.060
Sometimes I used to be up late planning
00:37:18.060 --> 00:37:19.950
and my colleagues were not there,
00:37:19.950 --> 00:37:23.190
and so Khanmigo will be
there to help you with that.
00:37:23.190 --> 00:37:25.140
If you wanna track your
students' progress,
00:37:25.140 --> 00:37:26.580
as Stacie showed you,
00:37:26.580 --> 00:37:28.410
Khanmigo has you covered.
00:37:28.410 --> 00:37:30.660
If you needed help in
your lesson planning,
00:37:30.660 --> 00:37:33.300
Khanmigo has a wide range of activities
00:37:33.300 --> 00:37:35.340
and Stacie only hit on a couple of them,
00:37:35.340 --> 00:37:39.060
so you are able to have that as well.
00:37:39.060 --> 00:37:42.450
And then Khanmigo just
adapts and grows with you.
00:37:42.450 --> 00:37:45.390
So what you see here on the screen
00:37:45.390 --> 00:37:48.570
is there is a link
there on how you can try
00:37:48.570 --> 00:37:50.100
if you wanna try Khanmigo.
00:37:50.100 --> 00:37:53.850
But don't worry about
trying to get that link,
00:37:53.850 --> 00:37:55.290
after this presentation,
00:37:55.290 --> 00:37:57.210
there is gonna be a follow-up email
00:37:57.210 --> 00:37:59.040
for all of you that have registered.
00:37:59.040 --> 00:38:02.130
And so you will receive
an email with this link,
00:38:02.130 --> 00:38:05.280
as well as a few more resources.
00:38:05.280 --> 00:38:06.900
So with that,
00:38:06.900 --> 00:38:10.050
we definitely appreciate your time.
00:38:10.050 --> 00:38:12.990
If you have any questions, as Stacie said,
00:38:12.990 --> 00:38:15.150
make sure you put them in the Q&A.
00:38:15.150 --> 00:38:16.533
Thank you for your time.
00:38:17.430 --> 00:38:18.263
- Thank you, everyone.
00:38:18.263 --> 00:38:19.170
Have a great afternoon.
00:38:19.170 --> 00:38:20.463
We're so glad you came.
|
Embrace World Mental Health Day with Sal Khan | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=22-FRN6W2-Y | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=22-FRN6W2-Y&ei=n1WUZYz5HOe4mLAPpuqSyAI&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=127C40A53C4B5BFE03CAFEC571FA69A3FD705272.38C80A38BF83738BD18EA35383B8F30C29D93B34&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.480 --> 00:00:02.280
- Sal Khan here from Khan Academy,
00:00:02.280 --> 00:00:06.270
and we are inside my office slash closet.
00:00:06.270 --> 00:00:09.270
This is where I'd record videos,
take meetings, et cetera.
00:00:09.270 --> 00:00:12.450
Many of y'all know I'm
a big fan of meditation.
00:00:12.450 --> 00:00:15.570
It helps me clear my mind, it
helps me think more clearly,
00:00:15.570 --> 00:00:17.400
be less stressed, et cetera, et cetera.
00:00:17.400 --> 00:00:18.990
And I'll show you where I meditate.
00:00:18.990 --> 00:00:21.810
So I actually usually
meditate on this chair.
00:00:21.810 --> 00:00:23.940
This is like my meditation chair,
00:00:23.940 --> 00:00:26.250
and I like it 'cause it's nice and firm.
00:00:26.250 --> 00:00:29.010
So I try to do it before
the family wakes up
00:00:29.010 --> 00:00:30.450
when the house is quiet.
00:00:30.450 --> 00:00:34.620
And yeah, I'll just sit
here, get nice posture,
00:00:34.620 --> 00:00:38.950
and, you know, close my
eyes and deepen my breaths
00:00:40.470 --> 00:00:42.120
and put a smile on my face.
00:00:42.120 --> 00:00:45.180
I feel like that actually
puts you in a better mood
00:00:45.180 --> 00:00:48.390
if you force a smile and then, you know,
00:00:48.390 --> 00:00:50.190
just try to still my thoughts,
00:00:50.190 --> 00:00:53.069
accept everything around
me, still my thoughts.
00:00:53.069 --> 00:00:55.736
(gentle music)
00:01:00.221 --> 00:01:02.030
And I started only doing 10 minutes a day,
00:01:02.030 --> 00:01:05.400
but I found after a month I
was just getting less stressed,
00:01:05.400 --> 00:01:08.640
I was sleeping better, I was
able to focus a lot better,
00:01:08.640 --> 00:01:10.380
I was listening to people better.
00:01:10.380 --> 00:01:11.820
I know it sounds like it defies
00:01:11.820 --> 00:01:13.890
the laws of time mathematics,
00:01:13.890 --> 00:01:16.440
but if you do that meditation
for 10 or 20 minutes,
00:01:16.440 --> 00:01:19.350
you're eerily gonna find
yourself with more time
00:01:19.350 --> 00:01:20.760
because you realize
that you're gonna focus
00:01:20.760 --> 00:01:21.990
on the things that matter,
00:01:21.990 --> 00:01:23.400
you're gonna be able
to pay more attention,
00:01:23.400 --> 00:01:24.510
and you're just gonna be doing things
00:01:24.510 --> 00:01:25.650
in a more sustainable way.
00:01:25.650 --> 00:01:27.420
It's, you know, take
it for what it's worth,
00:01:27.420 --> 00:01:29.420
but it's definitely been working for me.
|
Khan Academy's Content | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KO6H6pMpmCE | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=KO6H6pMpmCE&ei=n1WUZcfJG93ixN8Pyfa0iAQ&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=D787D2AB9223538F9A383692283A6781CE130565.C31179781308C2EDC630F28C602100E0D1FD73AD&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.240 --> 00:00:02.970
- [Instructor] This video will
review the available content
00:00:02.970 --> 00:00:06.510
on Khan Academy and discuss
how our courses are designed
00:00:06.510 --> 00:00:09.990
to help students master the
content they're learning.
00:00:09.990 --> 00:00:12.150
When learners interact with Khan Academy,
00:00:12.150 --> 00:00:16.260
they will experience videos,
articles, practice questions
00:00:16.260 --> 00:00:19.290
and instant feedback to help them improve.
00:00:19.290 --> 00:00:22.920
When we think about the
resources Khan Academy contains,
00:00:22.920 --> 00:00:25.830
think of them split into two categories.
00:00:25.830 --> 00:00:28.920
The videos and articles
are instructional content
00:00:28.920 --> 00:00:31.920
and the practice questions
are practice content.
00:00:31.920 --> 00:00:33.390
Together, our goal is
00:00:33.390 --> 00:00:36.930
to provide learners a
growth mindset experience
00:00:36.930 --> 00:00:38.370
and authentically learn
00:00:38.370 --> 00:00:40.590
until they have mastered the content.
00:00:40.590 --> 00:00:43.680
A key part of that practice is
they'll get instant feedback
00:00:43.680 --> 00:00:47.220
about how they're doing
alongside worked solutions
00:00:47.220 --> 00:00:49.200
to help them get back on track
00:00:49.200 --> 00:00:53.160
if they're not quite clear
on a particular concept.
00:00:53.160 --> 00:00:55.320
We know many educators are familiar
00:00:55.320 --> 00:00:57.900
with Khan Academy's great math content,
00:00:57.900 --> 00:01:01.590
but many are unaware Khan
Academy has a lot more to offer.
00:01:01.590 --> 00:01:03.450
Take a moment to explore the dozens
00:01:03.450 --> 00:01:06.180
of courses available to
you, including courses
00:01:06.180 --> 00:01:11.040
in the sciences, finance and
economics, art and humanities.
00:01:11.040 --> 00:01:13.110
Additionally, we have test prep content
00:01:13.110 --> 00:01:15.870
including our digital SAT course created
00:01:15.870 --> 00:01:18.180
in partnership with the College Board.
00:01:18.180 --> 00:01:20.040
Another example that we're excited
00:01:20.040 --> 00:01:22.380
about here at Khan
Academy is we're excited
00:01:22.380 --> 00:01:25.050
to introduce our
financial literacy course.
00:01:25.050 --> 00:01:27.180
The financial literacy
course helps students
00:01:27.180 --> 00:01:29.460
and their families
understand money better,
00:01:29.460 --> 00:01:31.080
making it easier to reach goals
00:01:31.080 --> 00:01:33.000
and avoid financial problems.
00:01:33.000 --> 00:01:33.833
To check out
00:01:33.833 --> 00:01:36.450
and browse all the courses
that we have available,
00:01:36.450 --> 00:01:38.220
simply click on the Courses button
00:01:38.220 --> 00:01:42.000
in the upper left hand corner
of your Khan Academy account.
00:01:42.000 --> 00:01:45.450
As teachers, we know you have
many options when it comes
00:01:45.450 --> 00:01:47.610
to using tools in your classroom.
00:01:47.610 --> 00:01:49.080
So you might be asking yourself,
00:01:49.080 --> 00:01:52.110
what makes Khan Academy's
content so unique?
00:01:52.110 --> 00:01:55.530
Well, Khan Academy's content
is not only interactive,
00:01:55.530 --> 00:01:57.750
but our content is standards based,
00:01:57.750 --> 00:02:01.050
ensuring that it aligns with
educational requirements
00:02:01.050 --> 00:02:03.390
and allows teachers to
seamlessly integrate it
00:02:03.390 --> 00:02:04.980
into their curriculum.
00:02:04.980 --> 00:02:07.440
We've minimized the amount
of work teachers need to do
00:02:07.440 --> 00:02:10.710
by offering a wide range
of resources, exercises
00:02:10.710 --> 00:02:12.990
and videos that can be easily incorporated
00:02:12.990 --> 00:02:15.720
into your lesson plans
and daily instruction.
00:02:15.720 --> 00:02:19.320
This means you as the teacher
can spend more time focusing
00:02:19.320 --> 00:02:23.160
on your students' needs and
guiding them towards success.
00:02:23.160 --> 00:02:24.900
Our content is student friendly
00:02:24.900 --> 00:02:26.790
and encourages growth mindset
00:02:26.790 --> 00:02:29.730
by letting students know
that they can learn anything.
00:02:29.730 --> 00:02:30.840
We want students to feel
00:02:30.840 --> 00:02:33.510
like they are receiving
personalized support.
00:02:33.510 --> 00:02:35.160
We hope this video provides a look
00:02:35.160 --> 00:02:37.620
into the content
available on Khan Academy,
00:02:37.620 --> 00:02:39.750
but we know the best way to learn is
00:02:39.750 --> 00:02:41.340
to actually experience it.
00:02:41.340 --> 00:02:44.349
Choose a topic that
inspires you and explore it.
00:02:44.349 --> 00:02:47.016
(upbeat music)
|
Basic Site Navigation on Khan Academy | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u05iUGqOFP0 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=u05iUGqOFP0&ei=n1WUZfvGH96lvdIPs-6UwAw&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=E84CB50F9E2C906CC95A5571F0126AA940986E84.31BFFF1C48FCE7E747A2ADB8EAB0B9C68EE54E6A&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.079 --> 00:00:02.220
- [Narrator] In this video
we will browse through
00:00:02.220 --> 00:00:03.990
Khan Academy together.
00:00:03.990 --> 00:00:06.510
We will start by logging into the platform
00:00:06.510 --> 00:00:10.080
and reviewing some of the key
navigation features together.
00:00:10.080 --> 00:00:13.110
To get started, go to khanacademy.org
00:00:13.110 --> 00:00:16.140
and click teachers in
the center of the screen.
00:00:16.140 --> 00:00:20.070
If you have an existing Khan
Academy account, select log in.
00:00:20.070 --> 00:00:22.260
If you need to create
a Khan Academy account,
00:00:22.260 --> 00:00:24.660
there are five registration options.
00:00:24.660 --> 00:00:28.200
Using a Google account, Clever, Facebook,
00:00:28.200 --> 00:00:29.430
your Apple account,
00:00:29.430 --> 00:00:32.640
or any other email account
you would like to use.
00:00:32.640 --> 00:00:34.710
Now, let's get started.
00:00:34.710 --> 00:00:36.330
Once you have your account set up
00:00:36.330 --> 00:00:38.430
you will start on the teacher dashboard.
00:00:38.430 --> 00:00:40.950
We are now viewing the teacher dashboard,
00:00:40.950 --> 00:00:43.530
which is the homepage for teachers.
00:00:43.530 --> 00:00:44.943
If you're seeing a different homepage
00:00:44.943 --> 00:00:48.360
than the teacher dashboard,
you can adjust your homepage
00:00:48.360 --> 00:00:50.700
to the teacher dashboard in settings.
00:00:50.700 --> 00:00:53.790
There are a few important
items on this page.
00:00:53.790 --> 00:00:54.840
The courses button,
00:00:54.840 --> 00:00:56.790
which shows our academic content
00:00:56.790 --> 00:00:59.130
organized by subject and course.
00:00:59.130 --> 00:01:01.893
The search bar, which you can
use to find content quickly
00:01:01.893 --> 00:01:04.080
by name or standard.
00:01:04.080 --> 00:01:06.750
The Khan Academy logo,
that will always take you
00:01:06.750 --> 00:01:08.580
to your chosen homepage.
00:01:08.580 --> 00:01:10.140
And the navigation button,
00:01:10.140 --> 00:01:11.970
which appears as your username,
00:01:11.970 --> 00:01:14.880
which can take you to a few
other essential locations
00:01:14.880 --> 00:01:18.300
including the learner homepage,
the teacher dashboard,
00:01:18.300 --> 00:01:21.150
the parent dashboard, and settings.
00:01:21.150 --> 00:01:23.370
If you wanna edit basic information,
00:01:23.370 --> 00:01:26.010
you can do this from the settings page
00:01:26.010 --> 00:01:29.580
located from the dropdown
of the navigation button.
00:01:29.580 --> 00:01:30.720
From the settings page
00:01:30.720 --> 00:01:32.910
you can edit basic account information,
00:01:32.910 --> 00:01:37.910
like usernames and primary
language, reset your password.
00:01:38.346 --> 00:01:40.380
Know which email account is linked
00:01:40.380 --> 00:01:42.780
to your Khan Academy account,
00:01:42.780 --> 00:01:46.230
select your homepage, and much more.
00:01:46.230 --> 00:01:48.960
It is important to double
check that the teacher function
00:01:48.960 --> 00:01:52.230
is selected because only
then you will have access
00:01:52.230 --> 00:01:53.970
to the teacher dashboard.
00:01:53.970 --> 00:01:55.210
On the teacher dashboard
00:01:56.100 --> 00:01:57.930
you'll find three very important tabs.
00:01:57.930 --> 00:02:00.686
The class tab shows all
of your active classes.
00:02:00.686 --> 00:02:04.149
If you select a class, you'll
be able to view the roster,
00:02:04.149 --> 00:02:07.350
student activity, mastery progress,
00:02:07.350 --> 00:02:09.180
and assignments for that class.
00:02:09.180 --> 00:02:13.440
We will discuss reports in
more detail in a later session.
00:02:13.440 --> 00:02:16.050
If we return to the main teacher dashboard
00:02:16.050 --> 00:02:19.500
by selecting the Khan Academy
logo at the top of the page,
00:02:19.500 --> 00:02:21.810
the second tab is the student's tab,
00:02:21.810 --> 00:02:24.000
which you can view the
complete list of students
00:02:24.000 --> 00:02:25.770
who are connected to your account.
00:02:25.770 --> 00:02:28.111
This list contains all of the
students currently associated
00:02:28.111 --> 00:02:30.390
with your teacher account,
00:02:30.390 --> 00:02:32.820
regardless of their assigned class.
00:02:32.820 --> 00:02:34.800
Finally, from the main teacher dashboard
00:02:34.800 --> 00:02:37.020
you can access the resource tab,
00:02:37.020 --> 00:02:39.300
which brings you to the
teacher facing materials
00:02:39.300 --> 00:02:40.530
on Khan Academy,
00:02:40.530 --> 00:02:43.800
and also has a shortcut to
Khan for Educators course.
00:02:43.800 --> 00:02:46.350
We know that many parents wanna
connect their own children
00:02:46.350 --> 00:02:48.450
to their Khan Academy account.
00:02:48.450 --> 00:02:50.010
From the navigation button,
00:02:50.010 --> 00:02:52.320
you can access the parent dashboard
00:02:52.320 --> 00:02:54.060
where parents can add their child
00:02:54.060 --> 00:02:56.010
and create accounts for them.
00:02:56.010 --> 00:02:58.110
They can also monitor their progress
00:02:58.110 --> 00:03:01.440
and how they're achieving
mastery in our courses.
00:03:01.440 --> 00:03:03.720
One lasted important item to point out,
00:03:03.720 --> 00:03:05.940
where to find additional
help if you need it.
00:03:05.940 --> 00:03:09.210
By clicking from the navigation
button dropdown menu,
00:03:09.210 --> 00:03:11.700
you have access to a
full page of resources
00:03:11.700 --> 00:03:14.550
about Khan Academy, community advice,
00:03:14.550 --> 00:03:17.040
and you can even file a
request or support ticket
00:03:17.040 --> 00:03:20.130
to our support team to
resolve any technical issues
00:03:20.130 --> 00:03:21.330
that may arise.
00:03:21.330 --> 00:03:23.820
We hope this video has
helped you find your way
00:03:23.820 --> 00:03:25.290
around Khan Academy.
00:03:25.290 --> 00:03:27.957
(gentle music)
|
Mastery Goals on Khan Academy | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=el8IUMrbHvk | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=el8IUMrbHvk&ei=n1WUZeqfIIqjmLAP5pm4uAE&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=E4C87E965038035BBA89497F97724DBC3B87A9F5.C87BDAFD75D443E706DFAE4BD73EECEDE6AFF621&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.693 --> 00:00:02.760
(upbeat music)
00:00:02.760 --> 00:00:04.890
- In this video, we're going to explore
00:00:04.890 --> 00:00:07.890
Khan Academy's mastery goal system.
00:00:07.890 --> 00:00:10.260
At Khan Academy, we're
committed to the concept
00:00:10.260 --> 00:00:12.390
of mastery learning, which is embodied
00:00:12.390 --> 00:00:14.670
in our mastery goal system.
00:00:14.670 --> 00:00:16.980
But what does mastery goal mean?
00:00:16.980 --> 00:00:19.500
Essentially, it is a
tool that allows teachers
00:00:19.500 --> 00:00:23.070
to establish and monitor
goals for their students,
00:00:23.070 --> 00:00:26.190
while also promoting self-paced learning.
00:00:26.190 --> 00:00:28.140
When we talk about master goals,
00:00:28.140 --> 00:00:30.000
we're referring to a student's ability
00:00:30.000 --> 00:00:32.160
to understand a subject thoroughly
00:00:32.160 --> 00:00:34.920
and do so at their own speed.
00:00:34.920 --> 00:00:36.990
Think of mastery goals as your student's
00:00:36.990 --> 00:00:40.230
personal learning map
in subjects like math
00:00:40.230 --> 00:00:44.490
or even our new digital SAT
reading and math courses.
00:00:44.490 --> 00:00:46.410
Course mastery covers a year worth
00:00:46.410 --> 00:00:48.120
of discoveries and learning.
00:00:48.120 --> 00:00:50.490
It's your student's long-term goal.
00:00:50.490 --> 00:00:52.200
Unit mastery, on the other hand,
00:00:52.200 --> 00:00:55.080
is like a treasure hunt
within the big adventure.
00:00:55.080 --> 00:00:57.570
It's all about finding
and mastering skills
00:00:57.570 --> 00:01:00.030
for just one unit at a time.
00:01:00.030 --> 00:01:02.013
It's your student's short-term goal.
00:01:03.270 --> 00:01:04.980
Let's walk through how to assign
00:01:04.980 --> 00:01:07.650
mastery goals to your students.
00:01:07.650 --> 00:01:09.630
When you log into Khan Academy,
00:01:09.630 --> 00:01:12.390
you'll land on the teacher dashboard.
00:01:12.390 --> 00:01:13.830
Click on the name of the class
00:01:13.830 --> 00:01:16.410
you want to create a mastery goal for.
00:01:16.410 --> 00:01:18.720
On the left-hand side navigation,
00:01:18.720 --> 00:01:22.290
go to the Mastery Goals
tab and click Assign.
00:01:22.290 --> 00:01:24.240
If you haven't done so already,
00:01:24.240 --> 00:01:27.243
add the on grade level
course you currently teach.
00:01:28.230 --> 00:01:31.980
Click the blue hyperlink, Edit Courses.
00:01:31.980 --> 00:01:35.670
Next, you'll be on the Course
Mastery Placement page.
00:01:35.670 --> 00:01:38.640
Click Create Course Goal.
00:01:38.640 --> 00:01:41.880
You can confirm your
assigned and desired goals
00:01:41.880 --> 00:01:44.640
to students by selecting Mastery Goals
00:01:44.640 --> 00:01:48.210
on the left-hand panel and
then selecting Progress.
00:01:48.210 --> 00:01:50.370
You will now see the current mastery goals
00:01:50.370 --> 00:01:52.380
assigned to students in your class
00:01:52.380 --> 00:01:54.723
and their progress
towards meeting that goal.
00:01:55.650 --> 00:01:57.540
Now, let's look a little closer
00:01:57.540 --> 00:02:00.990
at what students see in
terms of mastery goals.
00:02:00.990 --> 00:02:03.120
When students log into Khan Academy,
00:02:03.120 --> 00:02:05.940
they will be on their learner homepage.
00:02:05.940 --> 00:02:08.160
Each student will be
able to see their teacher
00:02:08.160 --> 00:02:10.503
or class name on the left-hand side.
00:02:11.610 --> 00:02:13.920
By clicking on the
class, students will see
00:02:13.920 --> 00:02:16.860
their mastery goals at
the top of their page.
00:02:16.860 --> 00:02:19.020
A student can click the goal at any time
00:02:19.020 --> 00:02:21.210
and continue from where they left off
00:02:21.210 --> 00:02:23.610
to make progress towards their goal.
00:02:23.610 --> 00:02:25.380
Students can also continue working
00:02:25.380 --> 00:02:28.170
towards their mastery goal on the iOS
00:02:28.170 --> 00:02:30.183
and Android apps as well.
00:02:31.140 --> 00:02:34.380
There are several ways
for students to practice.
00:02:34.380 --> 00:02:38.700
They can practice a single
concept at a time on an exercise
00:02:38.700 --> 00:02:42.540
or they could practice mixed
skills on a quiz, unit test,
00:02:42.540 --> 00:02:45.570
course challenge, or mastery challenge.
00:02:45.570 --> 00:02:47.340
As students get questions right,
00:02:47.340 --> 00:02:52.320
they move up from not started
to familiar to proficient.
00:02:52.320 --> 00:02:54.450
The top level is mastered.
00:02:54.450 --> 00:02:58.170
Students can only get to
mastered by getting to proficient
00:02:58.170 --> 00:03:00.390
and then getting that concept right again
00:03:00.390 --> 00:03:02.970
in a mixed-skill setting.
00:03:02.970 --> 00:03:06.210
Mastery challenges can
be used for spiral review
00:03:06.210 --> 00:03:08.820
and they're just six questions each.
00:03:08.820 --> 00:03:11.220
It will appear for each
student when they have reached
00:03:11.220 --> 00:03:14.520
familiar level on at least three skills
00:03:14.520 --> 00:03:18.510
and have reached proficiency
on at least one skill.
00:03:18.510 --> 00:03:21.930
The mastery challenge
refreshes every 12 hours.
00:03:21.930 --> 00:03:24.813
We do like to think of
this as a spiral review.
00:03:26.070 --> 00:03:28.140
Most teachers recommend having students
00:03:28.140 --> 00:03:30.450
start with a course
challenge or a specific
00:03:30.450 --> 00:03:32.820
unit test within the course.
00:03:32.820 --> 00:03:35.100
Students may navigate
to the course challenge
00:03:35.100 --> 00:03:36.990
in their account or teachers
00:03:36.990 --> 00:03:39.300
may assign the course challenge.
00:03:39.300 --> 00:03:41.520
This way, both students and teachers
00:03:41.520 --> 00:03:44.280
can quickly identify gaps and strengths
00:03:44.280 --> 00:03:48.090
in students' knowledge in order
to provide the right content
00:03:48.090 --> 00:03:51.060
and the right support at the right moment.
00:03:51.060 --> 00:03:54.000
Course challenges contain
30 questions and can be used
00:03:54.000 --> 00:03:57.753
as a pre-assessment, as well
as a progress monitoring tool.
00:03:58.860 --> 00:04:01.020
A mastery goal is considered achieved
00:04:01.020 --> 00:04:05.700
once a student reaches 80%
of their course mastery goal.
00:04:05.700 --> 00:04:09.060
We'll be diving deeper into
reports in a later session
00:04:09.060 --> 00:04:10.890
but let's take a look at where to find
00:04:10.890 --> 00:04:13.590
mastery progress for students.
00:04:13.590 --> 00:04:17.220
Starting at the teacher
dashboard, select a class.
00:04:17.220 --> 00:04:20.733
Select Mastery Goals from
the left navigation menu,
00:04:21.600 --> 00:04:23.313
then select Progress.
00:04:24.150 --> 00:04:27.663
This report shows student
progress on the assigned course.
00:04:28.530 --> 00:04:30.750
Khan Academy also has a skills report
00:04:30.750 --> 00:04:33.540
found under the Activity
tab to dive deeper
00:04:33.540 --> 00:04:37.110
into the individual
skill for a given course.
00:04:37.110 --> 00:04:39.780
On the skills report,
you can open any unit
00:04:39.780 --> 00:04:43.050
to get a quick view of how
students are progressing.
00:04:43.050 --> 00:04:45.210
By clicking on a specific skill,
00:04:45.210 --> 00:04:47.100
you'll be able to see the mastery level
00:04:47.100 --> 00:04:49.143
for every student for that skill.
00:04:50.220 --> 00:04:52.440
If you notice that several
students are struggling
00:04:52.440 --> 00:04:55.800
on a skill, you can assign
extra practice on that skill
00:04:55.800 --> 00:04:58.140
right here in the skills report.
00:04:58.140 --> 00:05:00.030
We'll talk more about
how to make assignments
00:05:00.030 --> 00:05:01.410
in a separate video.
00:05:01.410 --> 00:05:04.050
We hope this video helps you start using
00:05:04.050 --> 00:05:06.258
mastery goals with your students.
00:05:06.258 --> 00:05:08.841
(upbeat music)
|
Assignment Reports on Khan Academy | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9wxPbFnJK2g | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=9wxPbFnJK2g&ei=n1WUZeTbIvqghcIP88qu-AM&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=80E62E55957C786D12162F40B32ABEFAE6958014.546247748E07A4EEC13724A216617D3F360E9362&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.480 --> 00:00:01.770
- [Narrator] This video will highlight
00:00:01.770 --> 00:00:03.660
how to monitor student progress
00:00:03.660 --> 00:00:06.183
with assignment reports on Khan Academy.
00:00:07.020 --> 00:00:10.770
The assignment score report
is a tool for teachers to view
00:00:10.770 --> 00:00:14.403
and analyze their students'
performance on assigned tasks.
00:00:15.840 --> 00:00:19.140
Start by selecting the class
from your teacher dashboard
00:00:19.140 --> 00:00:22.260
and then selecting Scores
under the Assignments tab
00:00:22.260 --> 00:00:24.423
in the left-side navigation menu.
00:00:25.500 --> 00:00:28.530
This will bring you to the
assignment scores report.
00:00:28.530 --> 00:00:30.870
If the assignment is a video or article
00:00:30.870 --> 00:00:33.240
and students have
completed the assignment,
00:00:33.240 --> 00:00:35.610
you will see a green check mark.
00:00:35.610 --> 00:00:37.650
To earn completion for a video,
00:00:37.650 --> 00:00:41.190
the student must have watched
at least 90% of the video
00:00:41.190 --> 00:00:43.353
at no faster than double speed.
00:00:44.250 --> 00:00:46.530
To earn completion for an article,
00:00:46.530 --> 00:00:49.500
the student must have
clicked into the article.
00:00:49.500 --> 00:00:52.890
If the assignment is an
exercise, quiz, or test,
00:00:52.890 --> 00:00:54.840
the student's best score will be shown
00:00:54.840 --> 00:00:57.270
in a color-coded box.
00:00:57.270 --> 00:01:01.890
The boxes appear as
red for scores 0 to 59,
00:01:01.890 --> 00:01:05.520
yellow for scores 60 to 99,
00:01:05.520 --> 00:01:08.580
or green for a score of 100.
00:01:08.580 --> 00:01:11.190
If the student has not
completed the assignment,
00:01:11.190 --> 00:01:13.680
the box will remain gray.
00:01:13.680 --> 00:01:15.870
To access a more detailed report
00:01:15.870 --> 00:01:18.030
for an individual assignment,
00:01:18.030 --> 00:01:20.190
from the assignment scores report,
00:01:20.190 --> 00:01:22.740
select the assignment
name for any assignment
00:01:22.740 --> 00:01:24.243
that contains questions.
00:01:25.560 --> 00:01:28.320
This report is called the response report.
00:01:28.320 --> 00:01:30.030
This screen shows you an example
00:01:30.030 --> 00:01:32.970
of an assignment's report for an exercise.
00:01:32.970 --> 00:01:35.220
On the left-hand side of the screen,
00:01:35.220 --> 00:01:38.460
you can select the first or
last attempt students made
00:01:38.460 --> 00:01:40.350
to answer the question.
00:01:40.350 --> 00:01:42.780
You are also able to select each question
00:01:42.780 --> 00:01:45.480
to see students' responses.
00:01:45.480 --> 00:01:47.730
If you've chosen to
provide different questions
00:01:47.730 --> 00:01:49.110
for each student,
00:01:49.110 --> 00:01:50.220
the questions appear
00:01:50.220 --> 00:01:53.700
in the order students found
them most challenging.
00:01:53.700 --> 00:01:55.980
The questions students
answered incorrectly
00:01:55.980 --> 00:01:58.650
most frequently appears at the top,
00:01:58.650 --> 00:02:01.260
while the questions
students answered correctly
00:02:01.260 --> 00:02:03.723
most frequently appears at the bottom.
00:02:05.130 --> 00:02:07.260
If you've chosen to
provide the same question
00:02:07.260 --> 00:02:08.550
for all students,
00:02:08.550 --> 00:02:09.930
the questions appear in the order
00:02:09.930 --> 00:02:12.390
in which they were presented to them.
00:02:12.390 --> 00:02:13.380
On the right side,
00:02:13.380 --> 00:02:16.800
you can select a specific
student or the whole class
00:02:16.800 --> 00:02:19.920
to view the assignment responses report.
00:02:19.920 --> 00:02:22.980
Select the Responses tab on
the right to see a summary
00:02:22.980 --> 00:02:24.990
of student responses.
00:02:24.990 --> 00:02:26.910
Correct responses can be highlighted
00:02:26.910 --> 00:02:29.850
by selecting the Reveal answer button.
00:02:29.850 --> 00:02:32.460
You can view which
students gave which answers
00:02:32.460 --> 00:02:35.070
by selecting an individual response
00:02:35.070 --> 00:02:37.380
to display student names.
00:02:37.380 --> 00:02:39.630
We recommend keeping
student's name private
00:02:39.630 --> 00:02:42.243
when sharing this report
with the entire class.
00:02:43.470 --> 00:02:45.750
Additionally, you can select the Draw tab
00:02:45.750 --> 00:02:47.610
to reveal a scratch pad space
00:02:47.610 --> 00:02:51.900
that you can also use to solve
problems live with students.
00:02:51.900 --> 00:02:54.510
Consider using this report
to do error analysis
00:02:54.510 --> 00:02:55.860
with your students.
00:02:55.860 --> 00:02:57.390
Analyze where mistakes were made
00:02:57.390 --> 00:02:59.550
that led to an incorrect answer
00:02:59.550 --> 00:03:02.130
and correct misunderstandings.
00:03:02.130 --> 00:03:04.020
We also suggest having a student
00:03:04.020 --> 00:03:07.020
solve the problem
step-by-step for the class
00:03:07.020 --> 00:03:08.220
instead of the teacher
00:03:08.220 --> 00:03:10.200
as a way to encourage student voice
00:03:10.200 --> 00:03:12.363
and build students' confidence.
00:03:13.500 --> 00:03:14.520
In the Hints tab,
00:03:14.520 --> 00:03:17.583
you can view the step-by-step
process to solve the problem.
00:03:19.230 --> 00:03:22.050
These are the same steps
provided to students in real time
00:03:22.050 --> 00:03:25.950
when they select Get a
Hint option in an exercise.
00:03:25.950 --> 00:03:28.920
You can also access the
assignment responses report
00:03:28.920 --> 00:03:32.700
by selecting the Manage tab
from the class dashboard
00:03:32.700 --> 00:03:36.360
and then selecting the blue
hyperlink that says Responses
00:03:36.360 --> 00:03:38.370
for the individual assignment.
00:03:38.370 --> 00:03:39.990
The assignment score report
00:03:39.990 --> 00:03:42.600
and the assignments
responses report are helpful
00:03:42.600 --> 00:03:46.200
in monitoring assignment
progress for an entire class.
00:03:46.200 --> 00:03:48.030
If you would like to look more closely
00:03:48.030 --> 00:03:51.000
at the assignment progress
for a single student,
00:03:51.000 --> 00:03:54.270
use the individual
student assignment report.
00:03:54.270 --> 00:03:55.950
From the class dashboard,
00:03:55.950 --> 00:04:00.480
select Activity overview from
the left-side navigation,
00:04:00.480 --> 00:04:02.730
then select the individual student
00:04:02.730 --> 00:04:04.830
whose assignment progress you wanna view
00:04:04.830 --> 00:04:08.640
by selecting the blue circle
next to the student's name.
00:04:08.640 --> 00:04:12.120
This brings you to the
individual student report.
00:04:12.120 --> 00:04:13.470
Select the Assignments tab
00:04:13.470 --> 00:04:16.650
to view all assignments
given to that student.
00:04:16.650 --> 00:04:19.500
This report displays
the due date and time,
00:04:19.500 --> 00:04:21.990
assignment name, assignment status,
00:04:21.990 --> 00:04:23.880
attempts made on the assignment,
00:04:23.880 --> 00:04:25.290
and the student's best score
00:04:25.290 --> 00:04:28.019
if the assignment is an
exercise, quiz, or test.
00:04:28.019 --> 00:04:30.602
(bright music)
|
Student Tips for Completing Assignments on Khan Academy | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBJZtPTG-EQ | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=CBJZtPTG-EQ&ei=n1WUZbHiIuuHhcIPsImXqAQ&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=79D7329D57A72FC3FFFC2E58555EDDF3ED81D87B.34288576A3C43FF5FC4A45026F2EFD4E048B0F8A&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.420 --> 00:00:01.253
- [Narrator] Hello.
00:00:01.253 --> 00:00:02.880
In this video we will discuss how
00:00:02.880 --> 00:00:06.330
to enhance your learning
experience on Khan Academy
00:00:06.330 --> 00:00:09.180
as you work through
assignments and lessons.
00:00:09.180 --> 00:00:10.650
First, ensure you're logged
00:00:10.650 --> 00:00:13.230
into your Khan Academy account by checking
00:00:13.230 --> 00:00:16.320
that your name is in the
upper right hand corner.
00:00:16.320 --> 00:00:18.660
Logging into your account
is important to view
00:00:18.660 --> 00:00:22.800
your assignments and earn
progress towards your classes.
00:00:22.800 --> 00:00:24.090
On the left hand side
00:00:24.090 --> 00:00:27.060
you'll find your classes
where your teacher has
00:00:27.060 --> 00:00:30.840
assigned mastery goals
or assignments for you.
00:00:30.840 --> 00:00:33.750
Click on the assignments tab
to access the assignments
00:00:33.750 --> 00:00:34.863
from your teacher.
00:00:36.150 --> 00:00:39.720
Now, let's review the top
five things you need to know
00:00:39.720 --> 00:00:42.423
about how to complete
assignments on Khan Academy.
00:00:43.350 --> 00:00:46.620
First, let's discuss the
types of assignments.
00:00:46.620 --> 00:00:50.280
There are two main types of
assignments on Khan Academy.
00:00:50.280 --> 00:00:54.660
The first is practice
indicated by the mastery icon.
00:00:54.660 --> 00:00:58.890
Practice can include exercises,
quizzes, or unit tests.
00:00:58.890 --> 00:01:00.180
While completing assignments
00:01:00.180 --> 00:01:02.070
you'll receive instant feedback
00:01:02.070 --> 00:01:04.710
after each question you answer.
00:01:04.710 --> 00:01:07.170
The second type is instruction noted
00:01:07.170 --> 00:01:09.573
by the play symbol and the paper symbol.
00:01:10.470 --> 00:01:12.570
Instructional content can come in the form
00:01:12.570 --> 00:01:16.290
of videos or articles,
helping you learn new skills
00:01:16.290 --> 00:01:19.530
or review concepts that
were covered in class.
00:01:19.530 --> 00:01:22.500
All videos have subtitles
for easy following.
00:01:22.500 --> 00:01:25.080
If you're stuck, take a hint.
00:01:25.080 --> 00:01:27.120
Feeling stuck when learning is natural
00:01:27.120 --> 00:01:28.920
but don't get discouraged.
00:01:28.920 --> 00:01:30.330
Khan Academy offers hints
00:01:30.330 --> 00:01:33.603
for specific questions
providing step-by-step guidance.
00:01:34.440 --> 00:01:37.680
Be sure to jot down those
hints for future reference.
00:01:37.680 --> 00:01:40.170
Additionally, you can watch related videos
00:01:40.170 --> 00:01:43.260
or read articles to gain
deeper understanding.
00:01:43.260 --> 00:01:44.970
You'll find help related links
00:01:44.970 --> 00:01:47.490
under the skill you are working on.
00:01:47.490 --> 00:01:50.130
If needed, don't hesitate to seek support
00:01:50.130 --> 00:01:53.923
from classmates, teachers,
or family members.
00:01:53.923 --> 00:01:56.340
Be patient and persistent.
00:01:56.340 --> 00:01:59.160
Don't worry if you're not
satisfied with your initial score
00:01:59.160 --> 00:02:02.610
on a practice exercise, you
can always retry assignments
00:02:02.610 --> 00:02:05.880
until you achieve a
score you are proud of.
00:02:05.880 --> 00:02:09.150
Just click try again to start over.
00:02:09.150 --> 00:02:10.860
You can even go back to assignments
00:02:10.860 --> 00:02:14.010
with past due dates to improve your score.
00:02:14.010 --> 00:02:16.890
Remember, every challenge
and mistake is a part
00:02:16.890 --> 00:02:18.330
of your learning journey
00:02:18.330 --> 00:02:20.943
and contributes to your
intellectual growth.
00:02:21.960 --> 00:02:23.430
Check your progress.
00:02:23.430 --> 00:02:26.970
Stay on top of your learning
journey by selecting progress
00:02:26.970 --> 00:02:30.270
under my account on the left hand side.
00:02:30.270 --> 00:02:33.900
Here you can review all of
your activities on Khan Academy
00:02:33.900 --> 00:02:37.650
including completed
exercises, watched videos
00:02:37.650 --> 00:02:38.943
and read articles.
00:02:39.900 --> 00:02:41.400
Depending on your learning goals
00:02:41.400 --> 00:02:45.630
you can filter to view specific
content for activities.
00:02:45.630 --> 00:02:47.190
For each completed practice
00:02:47.190 --> 00:02:49.650
you can see your current mastery level,
00:02:49.650 --> 00:02:51.480
the number of correct answers
00:02:51.480 --> 00:02:54.420
and the time spent on the activity.
00:02:54.420 --> 00:02:56.790
Regularly checking your
progress helps you stay
00:02:56.790 --> 00:02:58.743
on track to meet your goals.
00:02:59.850 --> 00:03:02.160
Make Khan Academy your own.
00:03:02.160 --> 00:03:04.230
Customize your Khan Academy experience
00:03:04.230 --> 00:03:06.660
to suit your unique learning style.
00:03:06.660 --> 00:03:08.640
Rewind or slow down a video
00:03:08.640 --> 00:03:12.780
as needed to ensure that you
can understand the concept.
00:03:12.780 --> 00:03:16.140
Khan Academy is available in
over 50 different languages
00:03:16.140 --> 00:03:16.980
so you can learn
00:03:16.980 --> 00:03:19.860
in the language you are
most comfortable with.
00:03:19.860 --> 00:03:22.860
Easily switch languages in your settings.
00:03:22.860 --> 00:03:25.710
If you prefer complete
assignments on your smartphone
00:03:25.710 --> 00:03:29.703
by downloading the Khan
Academy app on Android or iOS.
00:03:30.570 --> 00:03:33.690
Remember the sky's the limit
for your learning journey.
00:03:33.690 --> 00:03:36.750
Embrace challenges,
learn from your mistakes
00:03:36.750 --> 00:03:39.810
and never hesitate to
ask for help when needed.
00:03:39.810 --> 00:03:43.290
With Khan Academy, there's no
limit to what you can achieve.
00:03:43.290 --> 00:03:44.385
Happy learning.
00:03:44.385 --> 00:03:47.052
(upbeat music)
|
Student tips for using Mastery Goals on Khan Academy | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XGZ20TjSvRg | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=XGZ20TjSvRg&ei=n1WUZe65Gv6RvdIP2KCHiAg&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=F047369A4C7D6F97804AEAF11ABBEDFCE6643944.2930DFEA9B879CC510A8D6BA4DD40FD019035D29&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.600 --> 00:00:01.740
- [Instructor] Hello and welcome
00:00:01.740 --> 00:00:03.515
to our video on mastery goals.
00:00:03.515 --> 00:00:04.348
(light music)
00:00:04.348 --> 00:00:07.680
Let's review a few tips to
ensure you are making the most
00:00:07.680 --> 00:00:09.540
out of your learning experience
00:00:09.540 --> 00:00:11.520
while working on Khan Academy.
00:00:11.520 --> 00:00:13.620
First, let's make sure you're logged in
00:00:13.620 --> 00:00:15.480
to your Khan Academy account
00:00:15.480 --> 00:00:19.410
by checking for your name in
the upper right-hand corner.
00:00:19.410 --> 00:00:21.000
Now, on the left side,
00:00:21.000 --> 00:00:22.950
you should see your classes
00:00:22.950 --> 00:00:26.100
where your teacher has
given you a mastery goal
00:00:26.100 --> 00:00:28.410
or an assignment to work on.
00:00:28.410 --> 00:00:30.810
Click on the tab that says Mastery goals
00:00:30.810 --> 00:00:33.573
to view the goals your
teachers have set for you.
00:00:34.710 --> 00:00:36.450
Now that you're viewing and focused
00:00:36.450 --> 00:00:37.710
on your learning goals,
00:00:37.710 --> 00:00:40.500
let's discuss the top five strategies
00:00:40.500 --> 00:00:43.470
for mastering goals on Khan Academy.
00:00:43.470 --> 00:00:47.010
Number one: your mastery
goals are important goals
00:00:47.010 --> 00:00:48.930
set by your teacher.
00:00:48.930 --> 00:00:50.610
On your learner home page,
00:00:50.610 --> 00:00:54.300
you can track your progress
toward the mastery goal,
00:00:54.300 --> 00:00:57.480
along with the due date
your teacher has assigned.
00:00:57.480 --> 00:00:59.340
Simply click on the mastery goal
00:00:59.340 --> 00:01:01.680
to access the course home page.
00:01:01.680 --> 00:01:03.840
Here, you'll find the course units
00:01:03.840 --> 00:01:06.843
and your progress towards
mastering each unit.
00:01:07.680 --> 00:01:11.640
Keep an eye on the purple bar
that fills from left to right
00:01:11.640 --> 00:01:14.340
as you progress through each unit.
00:01:14.340 --> 00:01:16.080
Regularly check your unit progress
00:01:16.080 --> 00:01:19.530
to ensure you're on track
to achieve your goal.
00:01:19.530 --> 00:01:22.290
Click into a unit to
see your mastery level
00:01:22.290 --> 00:01:25.590
for each skill on the left-hand side.
00:01:25.590 --> 00:01:27.870
Aim to earn a crown for every skill
00:01:27.870 --> 00:01:30.510
and move your mastery level to mastered.
00:01:30.510 --> 00:01:33.330
Next, embrace time and practice.
00:01:33.330 --> 00:01:36.360
Mastery requires time and practice.
00:01:36.360 --> 00:01:39.360
As you practice skills
and answer questions,
00:01:39.360 --> 00:01:42.120
your mastery level for
each skill will rise
00:01:42.120 --> 00:01:46.410
with correct answers and
decline with incorrect ones.
00:01:46.410 --> 00:01:48.810
If you wish to accelerate your progress,
00:01:48.810 --> 00:01:51.540
consider trying a mastery challenge.
00:01:51.540 --> 00:01:54.600
These challenges allow you
to reinforce the skills
00:01:54.600 --> 00:01:56.430
you've already practiced through
00:01:56.430 --> 00:01:58.980
through six focus questions.
00:01:58.980 --> 00:02:02.100
Remember, mastery is a
meaningful achievement,
00:02:02.100 --> 00:02:04.350
and the effort you put in to reach it
00:02:04.350 --> 00:02:07.020
demonstrates true learning.
00:02:07.020 --> 00:02:09.270
Don't be afraid to retry exercises
00:02:09.270 --> 00:02:12.810
until you achieve a score
you're satisfied with.
00:02:12.810 --> 00:02:14.730
Embrace struggles and mistakes,
00:02:14.730 --> 00:02:17.790
as they contribute to your brain's growth.
00:02:17.790 --> 00:02:19.800
Make sure to follow the
guiding blue buttons
00:02:19.800 --> 00:02:21.360
throughout the platform.
00:02:21.360 --> 00:02:23.340
Your course contains a number of skills
00:02:23.340 --> 00:02:26.070
that you can practice at your own pace.
00:02:26.070 --> 00:02:28.350
To stay on track, look
for the blue buttons
00:02:28.350 --> 00:02:29.820
through the course.
00:02:29.820 --> 00:02:31.290
These buttons will always guide you
00:02:31.290 --> 00:02:34.200
to the next skill that you should work on.
00:02:34.200 --> 00:02:37.320
Don't forget to utilize
hints when you're stuck.
00:02:37.320 --> 00:02:39.060
It's completely normal to feel stuck
00:02:39.060 --> 00:02:40.620
while learning new skills.
00:02:40.620 --> 00:02:42.840
The key is to not give up.
00:02:42.840 --> 00:02:44.730
When you encounter difficulties,
00:02:44.730 --> 00:02:46.980
take advantage of the hint feature.
00:02:46.980 --> 00:02:49.320
Hints provide step-by-step instructions
00:02:49.320 --> 00:02:51.720
for the specific question
you're working on.
00:02:51.720 --> 00:02:55.080
And you can jot them down
for future reference.
00:02:55.080 --> 00:02:57.750
Additionally, you can
watch instructional videos
00:02:57.750 --> 00:03:01.890
or read articles on the skill
to gain further insights.
00:03:01.890 --> 00:03:04.650
Once you've done this,
attempt the exercise again.
00:03:04.650 --> 00:03:06.150
And if you're still stuck,
00:03:06.150 --> 00:03:08.700
don't hesitate to seek
support from your classmates,
00:03:08.700 --> 00:03:10.650
teachers, or family members.
00:03:10.650 --> 00:03:13.530
Lastly, embrace mastery learning.
00:03:13.530 --> 00:03:17.280
Always remember your potential
to succeed knows no bounds.
00:03:17.280 --> 00:03:19.890
Keep trying, embrace making mistakes,
00:03:19.890 --> 00:03:22.500
and never hesitate to
seek help when needed.
00:03:22.500 --> 00:03:24.810
The beauty of learning
on Khan Academy lies
00:03:24.810 --> 00:03:27.720
in the endless possibilities
for growth and knowledge.
00:03:27.720 --> 00:03:29.490
By employing these strategies,
00:03:29.490 --> 00:03:32.340
you'll be well equipped to
work towards your mastery goals
00:03:32.340 --> 00:03:33.830
effectively on Khan Academy.
00:03:33.830 --> 00:03:37.163
(light music continues)
|
Intro to taxes | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8zPRF3JsE4 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=L8zPRF3JsE4&ei=n1WUZcWIG-S5mLAP1uqNQA&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=E9AFD70257BC54831312E0ACBB8FC12BC740EA0D.BC30456D2F486356379702DEA410A0D7EE5502DC&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.050 --> 00:00:02.610
- So a lot of folks are familiar
00:00:02.610 --> 00:00:06.360
with government doing things
like building roads and bridges
00:00:06.360 --> 00:00:10.050
or providing schooling or
parks or at the federal level
00:00:10.050 --> 00:00:13.860
national programs, or say, the military.
00:00:13.860 --> 00:00:14.970
And the natural question is
00:00:14.970 --> 00:00:16.770
how does the government
pay for all of this?
00:00:16.770 --> 00:00:19.680
And the simple answer is
it's primarily through taxes.
00:00:19.680 --> 00:00:21.600
There's other sources of revenue as well,
00:00:21.600 --> 00:00:23.280
but we're thinking on a local level.
00:00:23.280 --> 00:00:24.900
Taxes are things like sales tax.
00:00:24.900 --> 00:00:26.550
You buy something, you
pay a little bit extra.
00:00:26.550 --> 00:00:28.020
That extra percentage does not go
00:00:28.020 --> 00:00:30.540
to the retailer or whoever's
providing the service.
00:00:30.540 --> 00:00:32.812
It would go to the government.
00:00:32.812 --> 00:00:33.645
There're things like property tax,
00:00:33.645 --> 00:00:34.950
especially at a local level
00:00:35.877 --> 00:00:36.810
where if you own property every year,
00:00:36.810 --> 00:00:40.290
that property generally is
assessed what the value is
00:00:40.290 --> 00:00:42.420
and you have to pay a
percentage of that value
00:00:42.420 --> 00:00:46.500
to traditionally the local
government on an annual basis.
00:00:46.500 --> 00:00:49.080
And then when you go to the
state and the federal level,
00:00:49.080 --> 00:00:50.700
probably the most significant tax,
00:00:50.700 --> 00:00:53.970
in fact, the most significant
tax is income tax,
00:00:53.970 --> 00:00:57.000
which is a tax on people's income.
00:00:57.000 --> 00:00:59.580
Now, income tax, you can broadly view it
00:00:59.580 --> 00:01:03.120
as a tax on a percentage of your income,
00:01:03.120 --> 00:01:04.890
and it can be significant depending
00:01:04.890 --> 00:01:06.788
on how much money you make.
00:01:06.788 --> 00:01:10.920
It's not uncommon for,
00:01:10.920 --> 00:01:14.040
between state and federal
taxes for people to,
00:01:14.040 --> 00:01:16.590
and things like social
security tax, et cetera,
00:01:16.590 --> 00:01:19.800
for 20, 30, 40% or more
00:01:19.800 --> 00:01:24.800
of someone's income to go to
these collective income taxes.
00:01:24.930 --> 00:01:28.170
So it is a significant
part of folks' income.
00:01:28.170 --> 00:01:29.790
So it's definitely something
00:01:29.790 --> 00:01:31.740
that you should pay attention to.
00:01:31.740 --> 00:01:33.180
Now, I mentioned, generally speaking,
00:01:33.180 --> 00:01:36.360
it's a percentage, and that
percentage, generally speaking,
00:01:36.360 --> 00:01:38.790
is gonna get larger and
larger the more that you earn.
00:01:38.790 --> 00:01:40.560
And that's a important point,
00:01:40.560 --> 00:01:42.240
that it's not just a flat percentage,
00:01:42.240 --> 00:01:44.040
which you still would
pay more if you make more
00:01:44.040 --> 00:01:46.800
but the actual percentage goes up.
00:01:46.800 --> 00:01:48.540
Now I go into details in other videos.
00:01:48.540 --> 00:01:53.540
Another misconception is
that as you go into brackets,
00:01:53.670 --> 00:01:55.200
the higher and higher tax brackets
00:01:55.200 --> 00:01:56.250
as you make more and more,
00:01:56.250 --> 00:01:58.890
and as that percentage for
those incremental brackets
00:01:58.890 --> 00:01:59.723
go higher and higher
00:01:59.723 --> 00:02:02.400
that you pay that percentage
on all of your income.
00:02:02.400 --> 00:02:03.690
That's not the case.
00:02:03.690 --> 00:02:05.700
You just pay that higher percentage
00:02:05.700 --> 00:02:08.670
on the incremental income
between that threshold
00:02:08.670 --> 00:02:09.720
and the next threshold,
00:02:09.720 --> 00:02:10.830
and then the threshold above that,
00:02:10.830 --> 00:02:12.840
you pay another higher percentage.
00:02:12.840 --> 00:02:14.400
I know that can be a little confusing.
00:02:14.400 --> 00:02:16.320
We have some other
videos that break it down
00:02:16.320 --> 00:02:17.153
a little bit more,
00:02:17.153 --> 00:02:18.690
in a little bit more detail.
00:02:18.690 --> 00:02:22.620
But the important thing to
realize is as you make money,
00:02:22.620 --> 00:02:23.970
you are going to, depending if you,
00:02:23.970 --> 00:02:26.370
especially if you reach
some minimum thresholds,
00:02:26.370 --> 00:02:27.840
you are going to spend
00:02:27.840 --> 00:02:30.450
a significant amount of money on taxes.
00:02:30.450 --> 00:02:34.920
The average American household
spends $10,000 on taxes
00:02:34.920 --> 00:02:36.660
and if you make more than average,
00:02:36.660 --> 00:02:39.480
it can be substantially more than that.
00:02:39.480 --> 00:02:41.520
So this is just the intro primer.
00:02:41.520 --> 00:02:42.870
I encourage you to watch the other videos
00:02:42.870 --> 00:02:45.300
that teach you how to break
down taxes a little bit.
00:02:45.300 --> 00:02:47.250
But it's very important to think about.
|
Credit 101: What is APR? | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MqqXTrEEZ7Y | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=MqqXTrEEZ7Y&ei=n1WUZaC9Go22mLAPga2-yAw&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=126F4E908E614BC3B592A2E15C01ED0DA6D21FCE.8D820A75C11F1AFE16B8B5CC60E135EDB9131AF8&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.020 --> 00:00:02.550
- Let's talk a little bit about credit
00:00:02.550 --> 00:00:05.880
and in particular, how
much you pay for credit.
00:00:05.880 --> 00:00:09.210
So just as a reminder, credit
is essentially the ability
00:00:09.210 --> 00:00:11.940
or when you actually
borrow from someone else.
00:00:11.940 --> 00:00:13.380
It could take the form of a mortgage
00:00:13.380 --> 00:00:16.230
where say you're borrowing
money to buy a house,
00:00:16.230 --> 00:00:17.790
or it could take the form of a credit card
00:00:17.790 --> 00:00:20.340
where when you purchase
things with that credit card
00:00:20.340 --> 00:00:22.590
you are borrowing money
from the bank issuer
00:00:22.590 --> 00:00:24.870
in order to purchase whatever you want.
00:00:24.870 --> 00:00:26.520
Now, credit can be useful,
00:00:26.520 --> 00:00:29.160
it could be convenient in
the case of a credit card
00:00:29.160 --> 00:00:31.110
where you don't have to carry cash around.
00:00:31.110 --> 00:00:35.100
Some places only accept
credit or a credit card,
00:00:35.100 --> 00:00:38.880
and it can help you sometimes
make good investments.
00:00:38.880 --> 00:00:41.220
For example, if you borrow money
00:00:41.220 --> 00:00:43.320
in order to make an investment
that's going to return
00:00:43.320 --> 00:00:44.700
more money than you put in.
00:00:44.700 --> 00:00:45.540
But you have to be careful,
00:00:45.540 --> 00:00:47.280
there's always some risk involved,
00:00:47.280 --> 00:00:50.940
that actually could be a
good financial decision.
00:00:50.940 --> 00:00:53.340
Now, we also have to be
very, very, very careful,
00:00:53.340 --> 00:00:58.230
especially, if you're using
credit to buy something
00:00:58.230 --> 00:00:59.640
that isn't an investment.
00:00:59.640 --> 00:01:01.920
That's really just all about consumption.
00:01:01.920 --> 00:01:03.330
Hey, there's a new outfit I want
00:01:03.330 --> 00:01:04.980
I'm going to use credit for it.
00:01:04.980 --> 00:01:06.480
Maybe you're using it for the convenience
00:01:06.480 --> 00:01:07.800
and you're going to pay off the balance
00:01:07.800 --> 00:01:09.000
at the end of the month,
00:01:09.000 --> 00:01:10.080
but if you are using it
00:01:10.080 --> 00:01:12.000
because you actually don't have the money
00:01:12.000 --> 00:01:13.320
that is a bad sign.
00:01:13.320 --> 00:01:15.630
That is a sign that you
are spending more money
00:01:15.630 --> 00:01:16.950
than you are bringing in,
00:01:16.950 --> 00:01:20.310
and you're using credit to
kind of not notice that.
00:01:20.310 --> 00:01:22.170
And the reason why that's
a big deal was one,
00:01:22.170 --> 00:01:23.880
you are spending unsustainably,
00:01:23.880 --> 00:01:25.800
but the other issue is there is usually
00:01:25.800 --> 00:01:29.250
a pretty significant cost
especially to credit cards.
00:01:29.250 --> 00:01:32.130
All credit, someone is
going to charge you interest
00:01:32.130 --> 00:01:33.210
for the amount that you borrow
00:01:33.210 --> 00:01:35.940
and there's usually going to
be some fees on top of that.
00:01:35.940 --> 00:01:38.610
And one way to think
about the cost of credit
00:01:38.610 --> 00:01:40.890
you'll see something called APR.
00:01:40.890 --> 00:01:42.930
These are annual percentage rate.
00:01:42.930 --> 00:01:46.050
And what they do in the
case of a credit card,
00:01:46.050 --> 00:01:48.570
they look at your average daily balance
00:01:48.570 --> 00:01:50.730
and they're gonna charge you
a certain amount of interest
00:01:50.730 --> 00:01:53.970
plus fees on that average daily balance.
00:01:53.970 --> 00:01:56.700
Now, if you were to just
keep that balance all year,
00:01:56.700 --> 00:01:58.140
you would actually have to compound
00:01:58.140 --> 00:02:01.410
that average daily balance by 365 days.
00:02:01.410 --> 00:02:03.060
But to simplify the calculation,
00:02:03.060 --> 00:02:08.010
APR just takes how much interest
you would pay times 365.
00:02:08.010 --> 00:02:10.320
So it actually understates a little bit.
00:02:10.320 --> 00:02:12.810
It's actually the interest
plus the fees you would pay
00:02:12.810 --> 00:02:16.650
as a percentage times 365
which actually understates
00:02:16.650 --> 00:02:18.390
a little bit what you would pay
00:02:18.390 --> 00:02:20.580
if you actually had to compound.
00:02:20.580 --> 00:02:23.370
But it's a good standardized
measure of roughly
00:02:23.370 --> 00:02:24.870
what you're going to pay for a loan.
00:02:24.870 --> 00:02:27.060
It's not uncommon for a credit card APR
00:02:27.060 --> 00:02:29.970
to be in the high 10s or even in the 20s.
00:02:29.970 --> 00:02:32.703
In some cases I've even
seen them in the 30% range.
00:02:34.486 --> 00:02:37.710
That's a lot of expense
to pay to borrow money,
00:02:37.710 --> 00:02:40.620
especially if you're not
using it for investments.
00:02:40.620 --> 00:02:42.510
Mortgages will also have APRs
00:02:42.510 --> 00:02:44.550
although they will be significantly lower,
00:02:44.550 --> 00:02:46.050
mainly because of people lending to you,
00:02:46.050 --> 00:02:49.500
view that as a safer bet
from their point of view.
00:02:49.500 --> 00:02:52.350
And even when you're using credit
00:02:52.350 --> 00:02:54.150
for what you think are investments,
00:02:54.150 --> 00:02:56.280
you have to be very conscientious of risk
00:02:56.280 --> 00:02:58.680
because credit is really
a way of getting leverage
00:02:58.680 --> 00:03:01.200
and we can talk more about
that in other videos.
00:03:01.200 --> 00:03:03.570
It can magnify how much you make
00:03:03.570 --> 00:03:05.400
if say the asset increases in value,
00:03:05.400 --> 00:03:08.130
but it can also magnify how much you lose
00:03:08.130 --> 00:03:09.810
if the asset decreases in value.
00:03:09.810 --> 00:03:11.730
We'll talk about that at other times.
00:03:11.730 --> 00:03:14.280
But generally speaking, be
very careful about credit,
00:03:14.280 --> 00:03:18.660
especially if you're using
it to consume versus invest.
00:03:18.660 --> 00:03:21.660
And look at that APR,
it's a standardized way
00:03:21.660 --> 00:03:24.603
of really getting a sense
of how costly that loan is.
|
Debt: Good debt and bad debt | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFCdA2vGVh4 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=MFCdA2vGVh4&ei=n1WUZf7RH6-Lp-oP74m72A8&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=0DA7EF76436FE63452A6CF64FC7C1BD6C01FDCC4.5661ED777B78D633D895DAFD5F2458F2956D96DD&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.410 --> 00:00:04.080
- So let's talk a little bit about debt.
00:00:04.080 --> 00:00:07.230
Debt is just the amount
of money that you owe,
00:00:07.230 --> 00:00:08.430
usually in the form of loans.
00:00:08.430 --> 00:00:10.320
It could also be your
balance on a credit card,
00:00:10.320 --> 00:00:12.660
which is really a loan from
the credit card issuer,
00:00:12.660 --> 00:00:16.230
and I would say there is good
debt and there is bad debt.
00:00:16.230 --> 00:00:18.240
Good debt is when you borrow money
00:00:18.240 --> 00:00:20.400
in order to make an
investment of some kind
00:00:20.400 --> 00:00:23.190
that should produce more money
00:00:23.190 --> 00:00:24.870
than the amount that you are borrowing
00:00:24.870 --> 00:00:27.720
and enough money to actually
even offset the interest
00:00:27.720 --> 00:00:29.670
that you're going to
have to pay on that debt.
00:00:29.670 --> 00:00:32.670
Examples of things that might be good debt
00:00:32.670 --> 00:00:36.450
is if you are borrowing
money to, say, buy a house
00:00:36.450 --> 00:00:39.540
because that will reduce your
rent expense in the future,
00:00:39.540 --> 00:00:42.180
and the house itself might appreciate.
00:00:42.180 --> 00:00:44.610
Maybe you need
transportation, you need a car
00:00:44.610 --> 00:00:46.230
or a motorcycle to get to your job,
00:00:46.230 --> 00:00:48.540
or you could get to a
better job if you had that.
00:00:48.540 --> 00:00:49.710
You could work more hours
00:00:49.710 --> 00:00:52.080
'cause you're gonna spend
less time getting there.
00:00:52.080 --> 00:00:54.600
That could be an investment.
00:00:54.600 --> 00:00:57.570
It could be you're going
to invest in yourself.
00:00:57.570 --> 00:00:58.403
It could be saying,
00:00:58.403 --> 00:01:00.600
hey, I could take a course
or I could get a degree.
00:01:00.600 --> 00:01:02.250
And yes, it's going to cost money
00:01:02.250 --> 00:01:03.600
that I'm gonna have to pay interest on
00:01:03.600 --> 00:01:05.280
on top of the money I owe,
00:01:05.280 --> 00:01:08.310
but it'll increase my
my actual job prospects
00:01:08.310 --> 00:01:11.130
and my income enough that will
more than offset that money
00:01:11.130 --> 00:01:12.480
that I have to pay in the future.
00:01:12.480 --> 00:01:14.580
And even in those three scenarios,
00:01:14.580 --> 00:01:17.400
three or four scenarios,
be very, very careful.
00:01:17.400 --> 00:01:20.040
If you're taking on student
debt, really talk to people.
00:01:20.040 --> 00:01:22.560
Make sure that the degree
program you're getting into,
00:01:22.560 --> 00:01:24.480
that line of work that
you're getting into,
00:01:24.480 --> 00:01:27.720
that the folks who decided
to take debt on to do that,
00:01:27.720 --> 00:01:29.910
that it actually did pay off.
00:01:29.910 --> 00:01:31.440
If you buy a car,
00:01:31.440 --> 00:01:33.600
make sure that it's something
that really is an investment
00:01:33.600 --> 00:01:34.950
and not just something fancy
00:01:34.950 --> 00:01:36.690
that you wanna show off to your friends,
00:01:36.690 --> 00:01:39.210
because at some point,
yes, it is transportation,
00:01:39.210 --> 00:01:41.070
but if you're starting
to buy a very fancy car
00:01:41.070 --> 00:01:43.260
and you're borrowing money to do it,
00:01:43.260 --> 00:01:45.330
well, the fanciness of the car
00:01:45.330 --> 00:01:47.940
isn't going to necessarily
increase your ability
00:01:47.940 --> 00:01:50.640
to get to work or to get a better job,
00:01:50.640 --> 00:01:53.370
and then you're essentially
taking on debt for a want
00:01:53.370 --> 00:01:55.860
as opposed to a need or an investment.
00:01:55.860 --> 00:01:57.150
Same thing with buying a house.
00:01:57.150 --> 00:01:58.920
It's not always the right decision.
00:01:58.920 --> 00:02:00.450
Oftentimes it can be,
00:02:00.450 --> 00:02:03.840
but really weigh what you
think is going to happen,
00:02:03.840 --> 00:02:05.430
how much rent you're going to save,
00:02:05.430 --> 00:02:06.990
how much the house might appreciate,
00:02:06.990 --> 00:02:09.480
and sometimes they don't,
they go down in value too,
00:02:09.480 --> 00:02:11.250
relative to how much you owe,
00:02:11.250 --> 00:02:12.390
and make sure that it's something
00:02:12.390 --> 00:02:15.120
that you will be able
to pay back over time.
00:02:15.120 --> 00:02:18.570
Even if some bad things happen
in life, you lose a job,
00:02:18.570 --> 00:02:20.940
you have to spend money on an emergency
00:02:20.940 --> 00:02:22.650
in some way, shape, or form.
00:02:22.650 --> 00:02:23.550
Now on the other hand,
00:02:23.550 --> 00:02:26.220
there's things that I would
categorize as bad debt,
00:02:26.220 --> 00:02:28.380
and this is when you are borrowing money
00:02:28.380 --> 00:02:31.080
for things that, frankly, you do not need.
00:02:31.080 --> 00:02:32.670
Because when you do that,
00:02:32.670 --> 00:02:36.840
you're essentially taking money
away from your future self.
00:02:36.840 --> 00:02:38.820
And if you didn't have
money today to buy it,
00:02:38.820 --> 00:02:40.410
and if you're gonna have
to pay that money back
00:02:40.410 --> 00:02:42.960
in the future with
interest, you're taking,
00:02:42.960 --> 00:02:44.240
you're putting your future self
00:02:44.240 --> 00:02:46.980
in a more and more difficult situation.
00:02:46.980 --> 00:02:50.010
So I would say a very
obvious category of this is,
00:02:50.010 --> 00:02:52.710
let's say there's a big
fancy outfit you wanna buy,
00:02:52.710 --> 00:02:54.900
one that will not help you get a job.
00:02:54.900 --> 00:02:56.490
And you're like, well,
I don't have the money,
00:02:56.490 --> 00:02:59.250
but that looks really
cool, let me buy that.
00:02:59.250 --> 00:03:00.510
Well, it might feel good now,
00:03:00.510 --> 00:03:02.010
but you're gonna be paying that down
00:03:02.010 --> 00:03:04.410
for a very, very, very long time.
00:03:04.410 --> 00:03:07.920
Or using debt to go eat
at a fancy restaurant.
00:03:07.920 --> 00:03:09.840
If you're using money that you don't have,
00:03:09.840 --> 00:03:12.030
once again, it might be fun in the moment,
00:03:12.030 --> 00:03:13.410
but you're going to be paying that down
00:03:13.410 --> 00:03:15.930
and taking away from your future self.
00:03:15.930 --> 00:03:19.290
And it can lead from pretty suboptimal
00:03:19.290 --> 00:03:21.900
or not so great situations.
00:03:21.900 --> 00:03:25.320
There are folks that, if
they start doing that,
00:03:25.320 --> 00:03:27.390
they take money from their future self,
00:03:27.390 --> 00:03:28.620
they see that their income
00:03:28.620 --> 00:03:30.450
after they have to pay down the debt
00:03:30.450 --> 00:03:31.860
and the interest and the payments,
00:03:31.860 --> 00:03:34.650
month after month their
income starts going lower
00:03:34.650 --> 00:03:36.750
and lower and lower and lower.
00:03:36.750 --> 00:03:38.970
That's a scary situation to be in
00:03:38.970 --> 00:03:40.350
that will create a lot of stress
00:03:40.350 --> 00:03:41.790
and create a lot of anxiety.
00:03:41.790 --> 00:03:43.290
If you find yourself in a situation
00:03:43.290 --> 00:03:46.230
where you're borrowing
to pay off other debt,
00:03:46.230 --> 00:03:49.260
that can also be a very big red flag,
00:03:49.260 --> 00:03:51.690
create a lot of stress
and a lot of anxiety.
00:03:51.690 --> 00:03:53.340
If on things like your credit cards
00:03:53.340 --> 00:03:54.990
you're just paying the minimum amount
00:03:54.990 --> 00:03:57.120
but the balances aren't coming down,
00:03:57.120 --> 00:03:58.740
and you're usually
paying very high interest
00:03:58.740 --> 00:03:59.790
on those credit cards,
00:03:59.790 --> 00:04:02.040
that is a very bad situation
00:04:02.040 --> 00:04:06.420
that is setting you up for
not good financial outcomes.
00:04:06.420 --> 00:04:07.855
And maybe worse of all,
00:04:07.855 --> 00:04:10.230
whenever someone falls
into one of these cycles,
00:04:10.230 --> 00:04:11.063
they might just say,
00:04:11.063 --> 00:04:12.870
"Well, I just wanna look at
it, it just stresses me out."
00:04:12.870 --> 00:04:15.840
And then you're not even in a position
00:04:15.840 --> 00:04:17.490
where you're paying your debt
or you're trying to ignore it,
00:04:17.490 --> 00:04:19.890
and then that's going to
hit your credit rating,
00:04:19.890 --> 00:04:21.240
and eventually the collections folks
00:04:21.240 --> 00:04:22.260
are gonna come after you.
00:04:22.260 --> 00:04:24.750
And that is a very, very bad situation.
00:04:24.750 --> 00:04:26.160
Maybe you have to declare bankruptcy
00:04:26.160 --> 00:04:27.570
at some point in the future.
00:04:27.570 --> 00:04:30.240
So debt can be useful,
00:04:30.240 --> 00:04:33.243
but be very, very, very careful with it.
|
Sources of loans/credit | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2dzSPOhUOI | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=E2dzSPOhUOI&ei=n1WUZaH6H9DEp-oPkvKiiAE&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=8FBBE530039794D7A7D73D581583A433696C78EA.B342C602ADC998129DF59428C261797016AE1C72&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.020 --> 00:00:03.810
- So let's talk a little bit
about credit and lending.
00:00:03.810 --> 00:00:05.820
So when I talk about credit,
I'm literally just talking
00:00:05.820 --> 00:00:08.310
about someone's willingness
to lend you money
00:00:08.310 --> 00:00:09.660
or to actually lend you money.
00:00:09.660 --> 00:00:10.920
You've heard of a credit card.
00:00:10.920 --> 00:00:13.020
When you buy something with a credit card,
00:00:13.020 --> 00:00:16.200
essentially the credit card
issuer is lending you the money
00:00:16.200 --> 00:00:17.310
to make that purchase,
00:00:17.310 --> 00:00:19.440
and you're gonna have to pay
that back at some future date,
00:00:19.440 --> 00:00:22.530
likely with interest, likely
with a lot of interest.
00:00:22.530 --> 00:00:24.750
Now, there's a lot of
different types of loans
00:00:24.750 --> 00:00:26.340
or credit you can get.
00:00:26.340 --> 00:00:27.173
And they're going
00:00:27.173 --> 00:00:28.980
to have different costs
associated with them.
00:00:28.980 --> 00:00:30.630
You're like, "Well, what's
the cost of a loan?"
00:00:30.630 --> 00:00:31.463
Well, sometimes,
00:00:31.463 --> 00:00:33.660
there's just an outright
fee associated with it,
00:00:33.660 --> 00:00:35.670
but more likely, or on top of that,
00:00:35.670 --> 00:00:38.580
the interest that you pay on
a loan is how much you pay.
00:00:38.580 --> 00:00:41.220
So if you're paying 2%
interest for a loan,
00:00:41.220 --> 00:00:44.400
you're paying a lot less
per dollar on that loan
00:00:44.400 --> 00:00:48.180
than if you had to pay,
say, 20% or 30% interest.
00:00:48.180 --> 00:00:49.920
And that might not seem like a lot,
00:00:49.920 --> 00:00:51.930
the difference between 2 and 20%.
00:00:51.930 --> 00:00:54.090
It's a ginormous difference.
00:00:54.090 --> 00:00:56.490
If you've watched our
videos on compound interest,
00:00:56.490 --> 00:00:59.710
if you're paying 20%
interest or even 10% interest
00:01:00.750 --> 00:01:03.420
and if you're not paying down
that balance pretty quickly,
00:01:03.420 --> 00:01:05.700
that could end up being
a lot, a lot of money.
00:01:05.700 --> 00:01:08.490
You could very easily end up
paying a lot more in interest
00:01:08.490 --> 00:01:12.360
than the initial amount of money
that you actually borrowed.
00:01:12.360 --> 00:01:13.470
Now, what are the scenarios?
00:01:13.470 --> 00:01:15.780
We're gonna pay less or
you're gonna pay more?
00:01:15.780 --> 00:01:18.270
Well, we have whole videos
on your credit score
00:01:18.270 --> 00:01:21.090
and the better your
credit score in general
00:01:21.090 --> 00:01:23.790
the better a risk you look
like you are to the lender.
00:01:23.790 --> 00:01:26.250
And so you're gonna have
to pay a lower rate,
00:01:26.250 --> 00:01:29.190
a lower interest rate,
which is a good thing.
00:01:29.190 --> 00:01:30.570
Now, above and beyond that,
00:01:30.570 --> 00:01:32.070
there's different types of loans.
00:01:32.070 --> 00:01:34.890
There's loans where if you
aren't able to pay it back,
00:01:34.890 --> 00:01:36.540
the person who lent you money,
00:01:36.540 --> 00:01:38.010
they're still gonna be
able to get something.
00:01:38.010 --> 00:01:41.310
So for example, if you take
out a mortgage to buy a house,
00:01:41.310 --> 00:01:43.950
that's a loan, and you
have a down payment.
00:01:43.950 --> 00:01:47.310
And if you aren't able to pay
it back for whatever reason,
00:01:47.310 --> 00:01:50.220
the bank will foreclose
and will take the house,
00:01:50.220 --> 00:01:52.020
and then they are likely to sell the house
00:01:52.020 --> 00:01:54.060
in order to get their money back.
00:01:54.060 --> 00:01:56.040
So there's some risk for the bank still.
00:01:56.040 --> 00:01:56.873
They have to go
00:01:56.873 --> 00:01:59.280
through all the trouble of
foreclosing on the house.
00:01:59.280 --> 00:02:01.950
Maybe property values go down.
00:02:01.950 --> 00:02:04.140
That's one of the reasons
why they also make you
00:02:04.140 --> 00:02:07.140
put a down payment, that also
protects them a little bit.
00:02:07.140 --> 00:02:09.210
But it's a lot lower
risk than if they didn't,
00:02:09.210 --> 00:02:11.220
if they weren't able to
get access to that house.
00:02:11.220 --> 00:02:14.910
And so there, you're gonna
have to pay lower interest.
00:02:14.910 --> 00:02:17.700
Similarly, a car higher risk than a house.
00:02:17.700 --> 00:02:18.630
So you're probably going
00:02:18.630 --> 00:02:20.970
to have to pay a higher
interest for a car loan,
00:02:20.970 --> 00:02:22.230
but if you don't pay,
00:02:22.230 --> 00:02:24.750
the bank will take the
car and then sell the car.
00:02:24.750 --> 00:02:26.610
At the other end of the spectrum,
00:02:26.610 --> 00:02:28.530
I talked a little bit
already about credit cards.
00:02:28.530 --> 00:02:31.590
You're just buying stuff
and if you don't pay back,
00:02:31.590 --> 00:02:32.790
it's going to be bad for you.
00:02:32.790 --> 00:02:36.390
The bank will really, they'll
report to the credit bureaus,
00:02:36.390 --> 00:02:37.650
and it's gonna hurt your credit score,
00:02:37.650 --> 00:02:39.930
and future people aren't
going to lend to you
00:02:39.930 --> 00:02:42.630
or they're gonna charge
a lot more to lend.
00:02:42.630 --> 00:02:45.180
But from the bank's point
of view, it's pretty risky.
00:02:45.180 --> 00:02:48.660
And so that's why they likely
charge much higher interest.
00:02:48.660 --> 00:02:50.700
And that interest can
easily be in the teens
00:02:50.700 --> 00:02:54.450
or even twenties, even up to
30% in certain situations.
00:02:54.450 --> 00:02:55.950
And that is a lot of interest.
00:02:55.950 --> 00:02:56.880
And that's why in other videos,
00:02:56.880 --> 00:03:00.330
we talk about maybe pay down
your credit card balances
00:03:00.330 --> 00:03:01.590
as quickly as possible.
00:03:01.590 --> 00:03:03.510
And then there's things,
even more extreme.
00:03:03.510 --> 00:03:04.680
Things like payday loans,
00:03:04.680 --> 00:03:08.490
which I don't recommend anyone
watching this video to use.
00:03:08.490 --> 00:03:12.090
Those are usually lenders to
some degree taking advantage
00:03:12.090 --> 00:03:13.860
of people pretty desperate for money
00:03:13.860 --> 00:03:16.050
where they're outta money, they need $500,
00:03:16.050 --> 00:03:17.310
they go to these payday lenders,
00:03:17.310 --> 00:03:18.810
and they say, "Okay we'll give you $500,
00:03:18.810 --> 00:03:23.640
but pay us $550 in three days
when you get your paycheck."
00:03:23.640 --> 00:03:25.327
For some folks that might
not feel like a lot,
00:03:25.327 --> 00:03:27.270
"Okay, it's an extra $50."
00:03:27.270 --> 00:03:28.410
But if you actually think about that
00:03:28.410 --> 00:03:30.900
as an annual interest rate,
I have a whole video on that,
00:03:30.900 --> 00:03:33.540
it's actually a ginormous interest rate.
00:03:33.540 --> 00:03:35.700
And if someone does that consistently,
00:03:35.700 --> 00:03:38.970
and it's obviously not
a great cycle to be in,
00:03:38.970 --> 00:03:40.560
you could end up paying a lot more
00:03:40.560 --> 00:03:44.400
to these payday loan
lenders than you suspect.
00:03:44.400 --> 00:03:48.303
So the big picture is credit
can be a useful thing.
00:03:49.590 --> 00:03:50.790
Maybe you're making an investment,
00:03:50.790 --> 00:03:52.530
you're buying real estate,
you need a place to live,
00:03:52.530 --> 00:03:54.300
you're buying a house, you need a car.
00:03:54.300 --> 00:03:56.220
These are all reasonable things
00:03:56.220 --> 00:03:59.220
and it is okay even sometimes
to potentially borrow
00:03:59.220 --> 00:04:01.920
for consuming things,
things that you enjoy.
00:04:01.920 --> 00:04:04.650
But I would be a little bit or
a lot more careful with that.
00:04:04.650 --> 00:04:08.250
But the key takeaway is
the bigger a risk you are,
00:04:08.250 --> 00:04:10.833
the more that you're likely
to pay for that loan.
|
Introduction to Middle school physics | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xIR1mgJXyIQ | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=xIR1mgJXyIQ&ei=n1WUZcKTIIqbvdIP47aq8Ak&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=F0242A93DD40CE89615064088864CF41D2DA3BFA.93E236F548355D7EBD9D02F52647AA8C408F1A90&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.330 --> 00:00:01.163
- Hi everyone.
00:00:01.163 --> 00:00:04.620
Sal Khan here and welcome
to Middle School Physics.
00:00:04.620 --> 00:00:08.790
I have Iman Howard, who manages
all of our STEM content.
00:00:08.790 --> 00:00:10.410
Iman, why should folks be excited
00:00:10.410 --> 00:00:12.480
about Middle School Physics?
00:00:12.480 --> 00:00:16.020
- So, Middle School Physics
is, like, the only science
00:00:16.020 --> 00:00:19.440
out there that explains how things happen.
00:00:19.440 --> 00:00:22.170
And so basically
everything's made of matter.
00:00:22.170 --> 00:00:25.500
Me, you, the chair that I'm sitting on,
00:00:25.500 --> 00:00:27.930
and this course is gonna
explore how we exist
00:00:27.930 --> 00:00:29.130
in the natural world.
00:00:29.130 --> 00:00:31.110
So, for example, we talk a little bit
00:00:31.110 --> 00:00:32.760
about movement in forces,
00:00:32.760 --> 00:00:37.290
and we learn that everything
that we have a collision with
00:00:37.290 --> 00:00:39.390
has this equal but opposite force
00:00:39.390 --> 00:00:41.610
that's applied when the collision happens.
00:00:41.610 --> 00:00:44.430
So that's why when you
give those high fives,
00:00:44.430 --> 00:00:46.050
and then your hand starts stinging.
00:00:46.050 --> 00:00:48.090
It's because the same
force you gave your buddy
00:00:48.090 --> 00:00:50.100
is the same force they gave you back.
00:00:50.100 --> 00:00:52.230
And then we also talk about force
00:00:52.230 --> 00:00:54.120
in a way where it doesn't touch you.
00:00:54.120 --> 00:00:56.370
So, like, I'm thinking like "Star Wars".
00:00:56.370 --> 00:00:59.970
There's, like, this force
energy like gravitational.
00:00:59.970 --> 00:01:02.940
There's magnetic energy.
There's electric energy.
00:01:02.940 --> 00:01:05.490
And then finally we get into waves,
00:01:05.490 --> 00:01:08.760
and we talk a little bit about
how waves, you know, exists,
00:01:08.760 --> 00:01:11.550
whether it's sound waves or
even the waves in the ocean.
00:01:11.550 --> 00:01:13.860
What do you think is exciting about it?
00:01:13.860 --> 00:01:16.740
- Oh, well that's a
dangerous question to ask me.
00:01:16.740 --> 00:01:19.740
I wanted to be a physicist,
and I still aspire to be it,
00:01:19.740 --> 00:01:23.070
because, you know, we kind
of wake up in this cosmos,
00:01:23.070 --> 00:01:25.920
and we're just trying to
understand where we fit in.
00:01:25.920 --> 00:01:29.850
And physics asks the most
fundamental questions
00:01:29.850 --> 00:01:31.920
about how the universe works.
00:01:31.920 --> 00:01:34.500
And so when I first learned
about Newton's laws,
00:01:34.500 --> 00:01:38.250
and fields, and all of the
things that you just touched on,
00:01:38.250 --> 00:01:39.960
it started to give me goosebumps,
00:01:39.960 --> 00:01:42.210
'cause I'm like, wow, we
can finally understand
00:01:42.210 --> 00:01:43.470
how the universe fits together,
00:01:43.470 --> 00:01:45.180
and then use that to make predictions,
00:01:45.180 --> 00:01:47.760
and then think about things
that we don't understand.
00:01:47.760 --> 00:01:49.530
And there is so much
that we don't understand.
00:01:49.530 --> 00:01:50.790
So I think this is the beginning
00:01:50.790 --> 00:01:53.673
of a very, very exciting
journey in physics.
00:01:54.510 --> 00:01:55.491
- I agree, Sal.
00:01:55.491 --> 00:01:57.744
(gentle music)
|
Introduction to Middle school biology | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wmwmMeF3pE | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=_wmwmMeF3pE&ei=n1WUZYGfIMK7vdIPja-mkAQ&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=E6F542E82F5F2D31DE5C151F156267438B9CAAE4.AC66EC187E231260CA6258D11A916777ABA8A302&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.510 --> 00:00:02.340
- Hi, everyone. Sal Kahn here.
00:00:02.340 --> 00:00:05.220
And welcome to Middle School Biology.
00:00:05.220 --> 00:00:09.750
I have Iman Howard here, who
manages our STEM content.
00:00:09.750 --> 00:00:12.120
Welcome, Iman, and why should folks care
00:00:12.120 --> 00:00:14.460
about middle school biology?
00:00:14.460 --> 00:00:17.280
- Biology is the study of life.
00:00:17.280 --> 00:00:20.070
And so, in this course, it really answers
00:00:20.070 --> 00:00:21.960
why are things the way they are,
00:00:21.960 --> 00:00:23.640
why do you look the way they do,
00:00:23.640 --> 00:00:25.320
why do I look the way I do,
00:00:25.320 --> 00:00:27.600
and how every organism on Earth
00:00:27.600 --> 00:00:30.720
has a really special
purpose and a special trait.
00:00:30.720 --> 00:00:33.000
And based on these traits, it helps them
00:00:33.000 --> 00:00:34.890
interact with their environment.
00:00:34.890 --> 00:00:36.510
We even talk about energy.
00:00:36.510 --> 00:00:39.570
And energy can't be created
and it can't be destroyed.
00:00:39.570 --> 00:00:42.990
It actually cycles as
matter through an ecosystem.
00:00:42.990 --> 00:00:45.420
And it even has this really
cool chemical reactions
00:00:45.420 --> 00:00:48.540
called photosynthesis, where
plants use light energy
00:00:48.540 --> 00:00:52.230
from the sun and they make
their own food, which is insane.
00:00:52.230 --> 00:00:55.530
I think about organisms like
the gorilla that are super-big
00:00:55.530 --> 00:00:58.440
and strong and they
don't go and eat a cow.
00:00:58.440 --> 00:01:01.260
They go and eat plants because
that's like getting energy
00:01:01.260 --> 00:01:03.120
right from the source.
00:01:03.120 --> 00:01:05.730
And then finally, we talk about evolution.
00:01:05.730 --> 00:01:09.120
Based on our traits, how
have we changed over time?
00:01:09.120 --> 00:01:12.570
And how some of our natural
traits were selected
00:01:12.570 --> 00:01:15.390
by the environment that
create those changes
00:01:15.390 --> 00:01:17.430
or even how humans, we
have something called
00:01:17.430 --> 00:01:20.700
artificial selection, which
explains why your dog's so cute.
00:01:20.700 --> 00:01:24.750
Whether it's 100 pounds or
five pounds, we did that.
00:01:24.750 --> 00:01:27.150
What do you think's cool about it, Sal?
00:01:27.150 --> 00:01:30.240
- Oh, well, you know,
biology's trying to answer,
00:01:30.240 --> 00:01:31.800
I mean, to your point,
the questions of life,
00:01:31.800 --> 00:01:33.660
which we still don't
understand a lot about
00:01:33.660 --> 00:01:37.920
but like what makes us us and
to realize that we don't exist
00:01:37.920 --> 00:01:39.210
as human beings in isolation.
00:01:39.210 --> 00:01:40.290
We're part of an ecosystem.
00:01:40.290 --> 00:01:43.140
We're part of a story, a
narrative that's been going on
00:01:43.140 --> 00:01:45.870
for millions and billions of years.
00:01:45.870 --> 00:01:48.510
The fact that we're made
up of trillions of cells,
00:01:48.510 --> 00:01:51.690
each of them with DNA that
can describe who we are,
00:01:51.690 --> 00:01:53.940
how did all of this complexity come about?
00:01:53.940 --> 00:01:55.920
This is maybe the most mind-blowing topic
00:01:55.920 --> 00:01:57.900
that we're really at just the
beginning of this journey.
00:01:57.900 --> 00:01:59.880
So I think folks are gonna be really,
00:01:59.880 --> 00:02:02.400
really excited to or it's
gonna be really interesting
00:02:02.400 --> 00:02:05.010
to see all of the things
that they get to learn.
00:02:05.010 --> 00:02:06.693
- Well, let's dig in.
00:02:06.693 --> 00:02:09.943
(enthusiastic chiming)
|
Revolving vs installment credit | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OT9l855nxgg | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=OT9l855nxgg&ei=n1WUZcvVIIG5mLAPhMSbuAU&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=C08B5CD8C0F619C1E39C07DFCBDF1122B1081C9E.3BEB2E1D44151D2D1C0A37B9BC58A0A122997F58&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.870 --> 00:00:05.820
- So let's talk about two very
broad categories of loans.
00:00:05.820 --> 00:00:07.710
One is installment loans
00:00:07.710 --> 00:00:11.340
and one is revolving
loans or revolving credit.
00:00:11.340 --> 00:00:12.173
So if we're talking
00:00:12.173 --> 00:00:14.100
about installment loans
or installment credit,
00:00:14.100 --> 00:00:16.890
that's a situation where
you're borrowing one
00:00:16.890 --> 00:00:18.480
usually large amount of money
00:00:18.480 --> 00:00:21.180
and then you're paying
it back in installments.
00:00:21.180 --> 00:00:25.020
The most common examples
of this are a car loan,
00:00:25.020 --> 00:00:28.050
your student debt payment,
or a mortgage where
00:00:28.050 --> 00:00:31.200
you might say, borrow a
hundred thousand dollars.
00:00:31.200 --> 00:00:35.400
And then you're paying it
down over 10, 15, 30 years
00:00:35.400 --> 00:00:38.850
where you're paying usually a
fixed amount every year to pay
00:00:38.850 --> 00:00:42.510
down how much you borrowed,
plus paying the interest.
00:00:42.510 --> 00:00:45.090
Now, the other end of the
spectrum, or the other category
00:00:45.090 --> 00:00:48.540
I should say, is revolving
credit or revolving loans.
00:00:48.540 --> 00:00:50.190
And the one most common to
00:00:50.190 --> 00:00:53.460
or most familiar to most
people is your credit card.
00:00:53.460 --> 00:00:55.860
You don't call that
necessarily revolving credit
00:00:55.860 --> 00:00:56.850
but that's what it is.
00:00:56.850 --> 00:01:00.450
What that means is there's
some limit that you can borrow
00:01:00.450 --> 00:01:02.460
that the credit card
issuer says, all right
00:01:02.460 --> 00:01:05.370
I'll lend you up to a thousand dollars.
00:01:05.370 --> 00:01:09.090
That's your credit card limit,
and you can use it as long
00:01:09.090 --> 00:01:10.710
as you spend less than a thousand dollars.
00:01:10.710 --> 00:01:11.640
And then you can pay it down
00:01:11.640 --> 00:01:13.380
and then you can use some
more, et cetera, et cetera.
00:01:13.380 --> 00:01:15.570
So let's say you have a thousand
dollars credit card limit
00:01:15.570 --> 00:01:17.790
and right now you have not borrowed
00:01:17.790 --> 00:01:19.170
or you haven't used it at all.
00:01:19.170 --> 00:01:22.050
Then you go out, you
spend $50 on clothing.
00:01:22.050 --> 00:01:26.040
Now you owe the credit
card company the issuer $50
00:01:26.040 --> 00:01:29.610
and you could borrow
an extra $950 from them
00:01:29.610 --> 00:01:32.670
'cause you've used $50
of that thousand dollars.
00:01:32.670 --> 00:01:34.350
Now you could pay that down
00:01:34.350 --> 00:01:35.700
and I highly recommend paying it
00:01:35.700 --> 00:01:37.140
down as quickly as possible.
00:01:37.140 --> 00:01:38.790
You could pay down that $50
00:01:38.790 --> 00:01:41.370
and now you could borrow
up to a thousand dollars.
00:01:41.370 --> 00:01:42.930
So that's why it's called revolving.
00:01:42.930 --> 00:01:44.820
You're constantly using some of it
00:01:44.820 --> 00:01:47.280
and then paying some of
it back, using some of it,
00:01:47.280 --> 00:01:50.280
paying some of it back.
00:01:50.280 --> 00:01:52.950
That's the most common example
in most people's lives.
00:01:52.950 --> 00:01:55.530
There's also things like personal lines
00:01:55.530 --> 00:01:57.510
of credit that you might
be able to get from a bank.
00:01:57.510 --> 00:02:00.180
Sometimes they'll lend you that based
00:02:00.180 --> 00:02:02.940
on the value that you
have in your house, where
00:02:02.940 --> 00:02:05.250
you can borrow money and then
pay it back, borrow money
00:02:05.250 --> 00:02:08.070
and pay it back up to
some type of a limit.
00:02:08.070 --> 00:02:09.780
So those are the two big categories.
00:02:09.780 --> 00:02:13.080
It's nice to have a little
category knowledge in your head
00:02:13.080 --> 00:02:15.660
about how they might different,
how they might be different.
00:02:15.660 --> 00:02:19.320
One is usually one large lump sum purchase
00:02:19.320 --> 00:02:21.240
that you're borrowing money for, and then
00:02:21.240 --> 00:02:24.000
you're paying it back in,
usually fixed installments.
00:02:24.000 --> 00:02:26.160
The other is you have some
kind of a credit limit
00:02:26.160 --> 00:02:29.277
and you can borrow and pay
back, borrow and pay back
00:02:29.277 --> 00:02:33.423
depending on what your needs are in life.
|
Education as an investment | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAjZj3ZwebA | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=SAjZj3ZwebA&ei=n1WUZfqCINXoxN8Pg9q_CA&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=3B1D4FB56B041E3AD16FCBC17BEFBC83AB6643C1.9391F9E5FD36785E02C59EA4775946C02847C82B&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.350 --> 00:00:03.990
- At a very high level an investment is
00:00:03.990 --> 00:00:07.800
when you're putting,
let's say, your money now
00:00:07.800 --> 00:00:09.540
into something in the hope
00:00:09.540 --> 00:00:11.400
that in the future you're gonna get more
00:00:11.400 --> 00:00:13.440
than that amount of money back.
00:00:13.440 --> 00:00:16.140
And the extra amount that you get back,
00:00:16.140 --> 00:00:19.080
you'd call your return on your investment.
00:00:19.080 --> 00:00:20.790
Now you can think of an investment
00:00:20.790 --> 00:00:22.290
in slightly broader terms,
00:00:22.290 --> 00:00:24.690
where you're not just investing money.
00:00:24.690 --> 00:00:29.160
You could also be investing
your energy or your time.
00:00:29.160 --> 00:00:30.870
And you could think of
it in broader terms,
00:00:30.870 --> 00:00:33.990
that what you're gonna get
back is hopefully more money,
00:00:33.990 --> 00:00:36.101
maybe more energy and more time as well
00:00:36.101 --> 00:00:38.190
in some future world.
00:00:38.190 --> 00:00:40.380
And that's why you can really view,
00:00:40.380 --> 00:00:44.610
in many situations,
education as an investment.
00:00:44.610 --> 00:00:46.200
The whole idea here is
00:00:46.200 --> 00:00:48.960
especially if we're
thinking about college, is
00:00:48.960 --> 00:00:52.890
if you are willing to
put the time, the energy,
00:00:52.890 --> 00:00:55.560
and the money, and there's
really several costs here,
00:00:55.560 --> 00:00:57.990
there's the actual tuition costs,
00:00:57.990 --> 00:00:59.790
there's the room and board costs,
00:00:59.790 --> 00:01:01.740
which is the living expenses,
00:01:01.740 --> 00:01:03.810
the food expenses while you're at college,
00:01:03.810 --> 00:01:05.520
and there's also that lost income.
00:01:05.520 --> 00:01:07.410
You could be working over those years
00:01:07.410 --> 00:01:09.750
when you're in college, so
there's also that lost income.
00:01:09.750 --> 00:01:12.600
So it can be a pretty
substantial investment.
00:01:12.600 --> 00:01:15.090
But the reason why many folks are willing
00:01:15.090 --> 00:01:18.660
to do that is the belief
that coming outta college
00:01:18.660 --> 00:01:21.600
they're going to have many
more career opportunities,
00:01:21.600 --> 00:01:23.760
ones that better resonate
with their interest,
00:01:23.760 --> 00:01:26.580
and maybe coming down to
financial literacy, ones
00:01:26.580 --> 00:01:30.570
that give a better return
in terms of income.
00:01:30.570 --> 00:01:33.420
So you might say, "Oh, it
might cost a good bit of money.
00:01:33.420 --> 00:01:35.370
It might cost tens of thousands of dollars
00:01:35.370 --> 00:01:38.220
or even in certain cases
hundreds of thousands of dollars
00:01:38.220 --> 00:01:41.820
to put the time and money into college,
00:01:41.820 --> 00:01:43.470
and also the opportunity cost
00:01:43.470 --> 00:01:45.060
of not working during those years.
00:01:45.060 --> 00:01:48.210
But when I come out, maybe
I'll be able to make two times,
00:01:48.210 --> 00:01:50.700
three times as more
just right out the gate.
00:01:50.700 --> 00:01:53.640
And maybe 10 years down the
road or 20 years down the road
00:01:53.640 --> 00:01:55.560
because it puts me on a career track,
00:01:55.560 --> 00:01:58.320
I could make a lot, lot
more than I might otherwise.
00:01:58.320 --> 00:01:59.790
And once again, I would be doing it
00:01:59.790 --> 00:02:02.790
in a job that maybe I enjoy more."
00:02:02.790 --> 00:02:05.490
Now, generally speaking, and
I tell this to my own family,
00:02:05.490 --> 00:02:08.280
I tell this to my own kids,
I think that's a good idea.
00:02:08.280 --> 00:02:10.380
College is a good idea,
00:02:10.380 --> 00:02:12.960
but you have to tread very carefully
00:02:12.960 --> 00:02:15.780
when you decide where you want to go
00:02:15.780 --> 00:02:19.200
how much you wanna spend, and
what you decide to major in,
00:02:19.200 --> 00:02:23.250
and how you end up leveraging
that major into a career.
00:02:23.250 --> 00:02:25.680
Because when you go to a college
00:02:25.680 --> 00:02:28.440
folks are going to offer you
things like student debt.
00:02:28.440 --> 00:02:30.270
And they're also gonna
offer you grants and things.
00:02:30.270 --> 00:02:31.200
And grants are awesome
00:02:31.200 --> 00:02:33.960
because that's essentially
people are just giving you money.
00:02:33.960 --> 00:02:35.970
Obviously you have scholarships as well.
00:02:35.970 --> 00:02:38.100
But especially when you're taking on debt
00:02:38.100 --> 00:02:40.260
you really have to think
about, are you going to be
00:02:40.260 --> 00:02:43.350
in a position to pay off
this debt in the future
00:02:43.350 --> 00:02:46.920
and have a good standard of
living that you hope to have
00:02:46.920 --> 00:02:49.110
given the major that you choose
00:02:49.110 --> 00:02:51.180
and given what you know about yourself?
00:02:51.180 --> 00:02:53.250
And both of those are really important
00:02:53.250 --> 00:02:55.230
because sometimes you might
say, "Oh, well, you know,
00:02:55.230 --> 00:02:59.490
I've heard people in this major
can make all of this money,"
00:02:59.490 --> 00:03:01.170
but there might be a lot of work
00:03:01.170 --> 00:03:02.640
above and beyond doing the major.
00:03:02.640 --> 00:03:04.290
There might be a lot of hustling involved
00:03:04.290 --> 00:03:05.790
to to make sure you get the job.
00:03:05.790 --> 00:03:08.280
And there might be people
who aren't in that situation
00:03:08.280 --> 00:03:10.800
and you're only hearing
about the good stories.
00:03:10.800 --> 00:03:12.450
There might be certain majors
00:03:12.450 --> 00:03:14.790
where people are having
trouble getting a job,
00:03:14.790 --> 00:03:16.830
they're having trouble
paying down their debt.
00:03:16.830 --> 00:03:18.840
And so when you start thinking
00:03:18.840 --> 00:03:21.540
about what you wanna major
in, what type of career path
00:03:21.540 --> 00:03:23.280
do you want to go into,
00:03:23.280 --> 00:03:26.010
how much tuition you want to
pay at which universities,
00:03:26.010 --> 00:03:29.400
I really encourage you to talk
to as many people as you can,
00:03:29.400 --> 00:03:32.010
especially people who
have gone down that path,
00:03:32.010 --> 00:03:34.950
maybe 4 or 5 years, 10 years ahead of you.
00:03:34.950 --> 00:03:36.660
And if you don't know those folks,
00:03:36.660 --> 00:03:38.167
ask the college, ask the university,
00:03:38.167 --> 00:03:40.767
"Hey, I would like to talk
to some of the graduates.
00:03:41.760 --> 00:03:43.320
I don't wanna just take your word for it,
00:03:43.320 --> 00:03:45.810
a college that you have
good placement into jobs.
00:03:45.810 --> 00:03:47.730
I wanna talk to some
of the recent graduates
00:03:47.730 --> 00:03:50.820
and see if they were
happy paying that tuition,
00:03:50.820 --> 00:03:53.340
putting that time and energy,
the opportunity costs,
00:03:53.340 --> 00:03:55.620
and see if they think that was a good path
00:03:55.620 --> 00:03:56.820
or if they have some regrets
00:03:56.820 --> 00:03:59.640
that they wish they picked another path."
00:03:59.640 --> 00:04:01.059
Now the other thing to think about
00:04:01.059 --> 00:04:03.780
when you think about
investing in your education,
00:04:03.780 --> 00:04:06.120
there's often a, let's
call it a sticker price.
00:04:06.120 --> 00:04:07.320
If you just do a web search
00:04:07.320 --> 00:04:09.420
and you look at some
university and you'd say,
00:04:09.420 --> 00:04:10.650
well, what's the tuition,
00:04:10.650 --> 00:04:12.660
and what's the tuition
plus the room and board,
00:04:12.660 --> 00:04:14.610
which is the cost of living and eating,
00:04:14.610 --> 00:04:17.850
or housing and eating and all of that,
00:04:17.850 --> 00:04:19.440
there's some places that it could look
00:04:19.440 --> 00:04:22.650
like it's 50, 60, $70,000 a year
00:04:22.650 --> 00:04:24.780
when you put it all together.
00:04:24.780 --> 00:04:27.690
Now some folks will have to
pay that amount of money,
00:04:27.690 --> 00:04:30.000
which is a lot so you
have to be very careful
00:04:30.000 --> 00:04:32.880
if you take on that type of obligation,
00:04:32.880 --> 00:04:34.440
especially if you're taking on debt.
00:04:34.440 --> 00:04:35.640
But in a lot of cases
00:04:35.640 --> 00:04:38.520
you can get significant
financial aid depending
00:04:38.520 --> 00:04:39.870
on the university.
00:04:39.870 --> 00:04:41.010
I'll tell you from my point of view
00:04:41.010 --> 00:04:42.480
when I was in high school,
00:04:42.480 --> 00:04:45.840
a lot of my, let's call
it my dream schools,
00:04:45.840 --> 00:04:49.530
when I looked at the tuition
back then in the '90s,
00:04:49.530 --> 00:04:51.510
if you put tuition and living expenses,
00:04:51.510 --> 00:04:54.420
it was about 30, $35,000.
00:04:54.420 --> 00:04:57.150
And my family, my mom was,
00:04:57.150 --> 00:05:01.110
I was in a single mother
household, made about $16,000
00:05:01.110 --> 00:05:03.330
in the year that I was
a junior and a senior.
00:05:03.330 --> 00:05:04.230
I was like, okay, there's no way
00:05:04.230 --> 00:05:05.850
we're gonna be able to afford that.
00:05:05.850 --> 00:05:07.380
But I applied anyway.
00:05:07.380 --> 00:05:08.880
And the reason why I did is my sister,
00:05:08.880 --> 00:05:11.340
who was three years older,
told me about financial aid
00:05:11.340 --> 00:05:13.710
because she also went
to a similar university.
00:05:13.710 --> 00:05:16.140
And you don't know what
it's gonna cost you
00:05:16.140 --> 00:05:19.650
until you get in and they give
you a financial aid package.
00:05:19.650 --> 00:05:22.170
And that package is going
to be some scholarship,
00:05:22.170 --> 00:05:25.590
maybe some grants, and it'll be some loan.
00:05:25.590 --> 00:05:27.210
And then when I got that package
00:05:27.210 --> 00:05:29.100
I realized that it was actually doable.
00:05:29.100 --> 00:05:32.610
Now, I still did take on many
tens of thousands of dollars
00:05:32.610 --> 00:05:34.410
of debt, which is real money.
00:05:34.410 --> 00:05:36.300
And so I took it very seriously.
00:05:36.300 --> 00:05:37.890
I asked a lot of questions.
00:05:37.890 --> 00:05:42.120
I tried to do my best to make
sure I was going into a career
00:05:42.120 --> 00:05:43.740
that I had a good chance
of paying off that debt.
00:05:43.740 --> 00:05:45.990
And even when I was starting
to graduate from college
00:05:45.990 --> 00:05:47.437
I didn't just rest on my laurels and say,
00:05:47.437 --> 00:05:48.900
"Oh, I have a good degree.
00:05:48.900 --> 00:05:50.940
Surely someone will walk
up to me and give a job."
00:05:50.940 --> 00:05:51.810
No, I hustled.
00:05:51.810 --> 00:05:54.690
I hustled to make sure that I got a job
00:05:54.690 --> 00:05:57.090
that put me in a good financial position.
00:05:57.090 --> 00:05:58.500
So talk to a lot of people.
00:05:58.500 --> 00:05:59.880
Think about these questions.
00:05:59.880 --> 00:06:02.550
College generally is a good idea
00:06:02.550 --> 00:06:04.320
but all college isn't equal.
00:06:04.320 --> 00:06:05.760
All career paths aren't equal.
00:06:05.760 --> 00:06:08.910
And what you do with those
degrees, they aren't all equal.
00:06:08.910 --> 00:06:10.770
So really think hard about that.
00:06:10.770 --> 00:06:13.893
But if you do it, you'll
probably make a good investment.
|
Compare costs of postsecondary education | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuXAm3tyc48 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=RuXAm3tyc48&ei=n1WUZe3eG-jMp-oPzcqSiAw&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=32C5F180B7154D55A06438E28EE562771270420F.C9EE2AED9C2CCD34A3156844460676E6B7705AD9&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.290 --> 00:00:03.660
- So let's talk a little bit
about how to compare costs
00:00:03.660 --> 00:00:06.600
based on all of your college options.
00:00:06.600 --> 00:00:09.990
So the biggest piece of cost
is going to be your tuition,
00:00:09.990 --> 00:00:13.140
and then of course your living
expenses, room and board,
00:00:13.140 --> 00:00:15.630
where you're gonna live, and
what you're going to eat,
00:00:15.630 --> 00:00:17.010
and how you're going to eat it.
00:00:17.010 --> 00:00:18.900
And then there's a
bunch of other expenses.
00:00:18.900 --> 00:00:20.670
There's gonna be travel,
and entertainment.
00:00:20.670 --> 00:00:22.440
And everyone needs a little
bit of entertainment.
00:00:22.440 --> 00:00:24.960
And especially, if you're
going to a college,
00:00:24.960 --> 00:00:26.550
or one of your options
is to go to a college
00:00:26.550 --> 00:00:28.440
where you might have to travel by air.
00:00:28.440 --> 00:00:30.330
Well, that could get a
little bit more expensive.
00:00:30.330 --> 00:00:32.250
And then there's all
these other incidentals,
00:00:32.250 --> 00:00:35.640
things like textbooks,
and lab fees, et cetera.
00:00:35.640 --> 00:00:37.440
And so the first thing I would do
00:00:37.440 --> 00:00:40.050
is when you get your various options,
00:00:40.050 --> 00:00:41.880
and it's good to have as
many options as possible
00:00:41.880 --> 00:00:45.090
within reason, is try
to add all of that up.
00:00:45.090 --> 00:00:48.600
And now, one thing I wanna
make sure you keep in mind
00:00:48.600 --> 00:00:50.310
is the sticker cost.
00:00:50.310 --> 00:00:53.130
You know, when a university
just says our tuition is X,
00:00:53.130 --> 00:00:55.890
that's not necessarily
what you have to pay,
00:00:55.890 --> 00:00:58.380
and there's many ways for you to pay it.
00:00:58.380 --> 00:01:00.510
And in many cases, if
you come from a family
00:01:00.510 --> 00:01:02.130
that does not have a high income,
00:01:02.130 --> 00:01:04.290
you can get significant financial aid.
00:01:04.290 --> 00:01:06.099
Now, that financial aid could
be in the form of scholarship,
00:01:06.099 --> 00:01:08.130
it could be just a straight up grant
00:01:08.130 --> 00:01:10.290
based on your your family's need,
00:01:10.290 --> 00:01:13.200
or it could be some type of a loan.
00:01:13.200 --> 00:01:16.440
Now, once you have your options
00:01:16.440 --> 00:01:18.751
and you know what type of aid
00:01:18.751 --> 00:01:21.780
you can get for your different options,
00:01:21.780 --> 00:01:23.520
then you need to just compare them.
00:01:23.520 --> 00:01:27.750
And generally speaking, before
you consider financial aid,
00:01:27.750 --> 00:01:30.090
your least expensive options
00:01:30.090 --> 00:01:31.198
are probably going to be something
00:01:31.198 --> 00:01:34.320
like going to community
college close to home.
00:01:34.320 --> 00:01:36.300
And even if your goal
is a four year degree,
00:01:36.300 --> 00:01:38.880
in many states, I know
out here in California,
00:01:38.880 --> 00:01:41.460
you can go to a community
college for two years,
00:01:41.460 --> 00:01:43.440
and it's actually kind of a program
00:01:43.440 --> 00:01:45.990
to transfer then into four year colleges.
00:01:45.990 --> 00:01:47.550
So that could be an option.
00:01:47.550 --> 00:01:50.220
That could be cheaper,
you could live at home.
00:01:50.220 --> 00:01:52.110
The tuition tends to be a lot cheaper
00:01:52.110 --> 00:01:53.820
at the local community college,
00:01:53.820 --> 00:01:56.640
and then when you're ready to
transfer, you could transfer.
00:01:56.640 --> 00:01:58.650
The next most expensive option
00:01:58.650 --> 00:02:01.530
or the next higher price option
00:02:01.530 --> 00:02:05.220
is usually going to some
form of a state school,
00:02:05.220 --> 00:02:07.740
either a city school or a state school
00:02:07.740 --> 00:02:10.800
where they they give a special tuition
00:02:10.800 --> 00:02:13.230
for in-state residents.
00:02:13.230 --> 00:02:15.750
If you're strong academically,
there might also be schools
00:02:15.750 --> 00:02:18.060
that give you academic scholarships.
00:02:18.060 --> 00:02:20.160
And then you have a
bunch of private schools
00:02:20.160 --> 00:02:21.285
that usually have higher tuition
00:02:21.285 --> 00:02:25.380
than for sure the state schools
and the community colleges.
00:02:25.380 --> 00:02:29.070
And there, the key is to
not make your decision
00:02:29.070 --> 00:02:30.811
until you know whether
they're going to give you
00:02:30.811 --> 00:02:33.090
financial aid, and how,
00:02:33.090 --> 00:02:34.920
and what kind of financial aid that is.
00:02:34.920 --> 00:02:36.390
Obviously, scholarships and grants
00:02:36.390 --> 00:02:38.190
are a lot better than loans,
00:02:38.190 --> 00:02:39.810
but then once you have
all of that information,
00:02:39.810 --> 00:02:41.430
you can make your decision.
00:02:41.430 --> 00:02:42.910
And don't make your decision
00:02:42.910 --> 00:02:46.111
purely on cost or purely on price.
00:02:46.111 --> 00:02:48.000
It might be tempting say,
"Oh, I'm gonna end up
00:02:48.000 --> 00:02:49.650
with a four year degree no matter what.
00:02:49.650 --> 00:02:51.930
Let me just take the
cheapest possible option."
00:02:51.930 --> 00:02:55.020
That might be a good idea,
but ask a lot of questions.
00:02:55.020 --> 00:02:57.540
It might turn out that maybe one option
00:02:57.540 --> 00:02:58.770
is a little bit more expensive
00:02:58.770 --> 00:03:00.900
even after you consider financial aid,
00:03:00.900 --> 00:03:02.670
but when you talk to recent graduates,
00:03:02.670 --> 00:03:05.460
they say, "Hey, that was
an amazing experience.
00:03:05.460 --> 00:03:07.500
It helped me grow so much."
00:03:07.500 --> 00:03:10.410
And maybe the career services there,
00:03:10.410 --> 00:03:12.840
or there's just a lot of
recruiters that go to that campus
00:03:12.840 --> 00:03:14.610
that would not go to the other campuses,
00:03:14.610 --> 00:03:17.730
and so their job prospects
are a lot better.
00:03:17.730 --> 00:03:19.200
And so it's not just the cost.
00:03:19.200 --> 00:03:21.450
You're making an investment in yourself.
00:03:21.450 --> 00:03:22.620
So it's not just the cost.
00:03:22.620 --> 00:03:25.230
You have to see the return
on that cost, you know.
00:03:25.230 --> 00:03:26.730
So if you were investing in two stocks,
00:03:26.730 --> 00:03:28.530
it wouldn't be that the dollar stock
00:03:28.530 --> 00:03:30.700
is better than the $2 stock
00:03:30.700 --> 00:03:33.510
if the $2 stock is gonna
give you a better return.
00:03:33.510 --> 00:03:35.310
Same thing about colleges.
00:03:35.310 --> 00:03:36.360
Now, I won't say the expensive one
00:03:36.360 --> 00:03:38.850
is also always going to
be the best one either.
00:03:38.850 --> 00:03:41.310
You really have to think what
you're gonna be putting in,
00:03:41.310 --> 00:03:43.680
and then what you think
you'll likely get out,
00:03:43.680 --> 00:03:45.360
and also, where are you going to thrive?
00:03:45.360 --> 00:03:47.580
Because if you go to a place
where you're not happy,
00:03:47.580 --> 00:03:48.870
where you're not engaged,
00:03:48.870 --> 00:03:51.030
well, then that's really
kind of setting yourself up
00:03:51.030 --> 00:03:53.913
for a not optimal situation.
|
The cost of education | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9TtKUydRfDM | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=9TtKUydRfDM&ei=n1WUZYv6H_rKp-oPkpmMiAM&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=1969A7D1647B37A0BD4A48FE45765448DB8C4AF2.2D77BF951CDF6B687FE02DE71982E427AE7222A9&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.380 --> 00:00:05.220
- So let's think about all
of the costs of an education.
00:00:05.220 --> 00:00:07.620
So the first thing that
most people think about
00:00:07.620 --> 00:00:10.293
is the actual tuition that you would pay.
00:00:11.149 --> 00:00:13.890
If you go to a standard four-year college,
00:00:13.890 --> 00:00:16.560
it could be tens of
thousands of dollars a year.
00:00:16.560 --> 00:00:18.720
If you go to a community college
00:00:18.720 --> 00:00:19.950
or you go to a state university,
00:00:19.950 --> 00:00:20.970
it could be a good bit less
00:00:20.970 --> 00:00:22.920
so it's something to think about.
00:00:22.920 --> 00:00:25.710
And there's other forms of what
I would consider education,
00:00:25.710 --> 00:00:28.890
things like apprenticeships,
co-op programs
00:00:28.890 --> 00:00:31.320
where you might even be able
to make a little bit yourself.
00:00:31.320 --> 00:00:33.540
I guess you could consider
that negative tuition,
00:00:33.540 --> 00:00:34.440
but that's the first thing.
00:00:34.440 --> 00:00:36.270
It's just how much are you going to pay
00:00:36.270 --> 00:00:38.430
for someone to help train you
00:00:38.430 --> 00:00:41.490
and for someone to help educate you?
00:00:41.490 --> 00:00:44.040
The next cost, and I'll
try to go roughly in order,
00:00:44.040 --> 00:00:47.550
are probably things that
you're gonna need to live
00:00:47.550 --> 00:00:50.280
wherever you are getting educated.
00:00:50.280 --> 00:00:52.183
And I know you might be thinking,
00:00:52.183 --> 00:00:54.210
"well, I'm gonna have to
live someplace regardless.
00:00:54.210 --> 00:00:55.500
I'm gonna have to find food.
00:00:55.500 --> 00:00:58.830
I'm gonna have to have a place to stay."
00:00:58.830 --> 00:01:01.500
But if you decide to go to college,
00:01:01.500 --> 00:01:03.000
let's say, in a more expensive city,
00:01:03.000 --> 00:01:05.550
then those expenses could be a lot more.
00:01:05.550 --> 00:01:07.650
And also, certain
colleges and universities
00:01:07.650 --> 00:01:11.130
have certain rules about where
you are or aren't allowed
00:01:11.130 --> 00:01:13.680
to stay, or you might
want to stay on campus
00:01:13.680 --> 00:01:15.840
which might have certain costs with it.
00:01:15.840 --> 00:01:17.340
So I would definitely consider
00:01:17.340 --> 00:01:18.960
what's often called room and board,
00:01:18.960 --> 00:01:20.880
which is where do you live
00:01:20.880 --> 00:01:22.770
and how are you getting your food
00:01:22.770 --> 00:01:25.530
to be a pretty substantial cost.
00:01:25.530 --> 00:01:28.430
Another cost, and I'm trying
to once again, to go in order
00:01:29.332 --> 00:01:32.520
of of magnitude of cost,
is the opportunity cost.
00:01:32.520 --> 00:01:33.870
What else could you be doing
00:01:33.870 --> 00:01:36.570
with that time that you're
putting into that education?
00:01:36.570 --> 00:01:39.180
You could be getting
some type of other job.
00:01:39.180 --> 00:01:41.010
So there is the opportunity cost
00:01:41.010 --> 00:01:44.700
of lost income when you
go get an education,
00:01:44.700 --> 00:01:47.160
especially when you think about
things like graduate school.
00:01:47.160 --> 00:01:50.280
You could be out in the job
market there earning money.
00:01:50.280 --> 00:01:54.270
And then beyond that, there's
all sorts of smaller expenses,
00:01:54.270 --> 00:01:56.520
but expenses that still can add up.
00:01:56.520 --> 00:01:59.740
I definitely had sticker
shock when I went to college
00:02:00.884 --> 00:02:02.280
and I saw how much textbooks cost.
00:02:02.280 --> 00:02:06.060
And this was about 25 years
ago, almost 30 years ago.
00:02:06.060 --> 00:02:07.203
Yeah, I'm getting old,
00:02:08.130 --> 00:02:11.460
but they can easily cost
hundreds of dollars.
00:02:11.460 --> 00:02:14.310
I remember, I always tried to see
00:02:14.310 --> 00:02:16.620
if I could check it outta the
library or share a textbook
00:02:16.620 --> 00:02:19.632
with a friend to avoid
some of that expense.
00:02:19.632 --> 00:02:20.880
I know now there's some rental textbooks
00:02:20.880 --> 00:02:22.980
and digital textbooks
and open source textbooks
00:02:22.980 --> 00:02:25.170
which might hopefully help with that cost,
00:02:25.170 --> 00:02:27.900
but that could be really
a significant expense.
00:02:27.900 --> 00:02:29.910
Things like textbooks or lab materials
00:02:29.910 --> 00:02:31.140
or all of these other things
00:02:31.140 --> 00:02:33.570
that might not be included in tuition.
00:02:33.570 --> 00:02:35.910
And then on top of that, once again,
00:02:35.910 --> 00:02:37.560
you're going to wanna do all the things
00:02:37.560 --> 00:02:39.480
that any reasonable person would wanna do
00:02:39.480 --> 00:02:42.030
when they're living, which is
not just have a place to stay
00:02:42.030 --> 00:02:45.150
and have food, but maybe
entertainment, some travel.
00:02:45.150 --> 00:02:46.800
And that could change dramatically,
00:02:46.800 --> 00:02:50.070
if, let's say, you are
going to go to college
00:02:50.070 --> 00:02:51.990
in a different city than where you live
00:02:51.990 --> 00:02:53.520
and you're gonna travel back and forth,
00:02:53.520 --> 00:02:54.570
maybe on a plane.
00:02:54.570 --> 00:02:56.970
That can get reasonably expensive.
00:02:56.970 --> 00:03:00.360
And then obviously,
entertainment and travel
00:03:00.360 --> 00:03:01.950
in a bigger city, and say New York,
00:03:01.950 --> 00:03:04.100
it's gonna cost a lot
more than if you live
00:03:05.215 --> 00:03:07.380
in a small town or decide to
go to college in a small town.
00:03:07.380 --> 00:03:10.440
So that's, I would say, the space
00:03:10.440 --> 00:03:12.690
of all of the places where
you could spend your money.
00:03:12.690 --> 00:03:16.920
But I wanna really make sure
that this doesn't scare you
00:03:16.920 --> 00:03:20.610
because when you oftentimes
just add all of those together,
00:03:20.610 --> 00:03:23.250
it can be tens of thousands
of dollars a year.
00:03:23.250 --> 00:03:25.293
In some cases can even approach,
00:03:25.293 --> 00:03:28.950
you know, approaching six
figures in a given year,
00:03:28.950 --> 00:03:31.560
but you really don't know what
your costs are going to be
00:03:31.560 --> 00:03:34.590
until you apply and you figure out
00:03:34.590 --> 00:03:37.020
what kind of a financial
aid package you get.
00:03:37.020 --> 00:03:39.420
Many of what you would
call the sticker price
00:03:39.420 --> 00:03:40.710
of a lot of universities
00:03:40.710 --> 00:03:43.950
is what they would charge
someone who's not coming in
00:03:43.950 --> 00:03:46.200
with a scholarship, who's
getting no financial aid.
00:03:46.200 --> 00:03:49.560
So these are usually going
to be more affluent people
00:03:49.560 --> 00:03:51.630
are going to usually
have to pay those costs.
00:03:51.630 --> 00:03:55.740
But if you come from a
less well-heeled family
00:03:55.740 --> 00:03:57.720
and those numbers look scary to you,
00:03:57.720 --> 00:03:59.430
it actually turns out that sometimes
00:03:59.430 --> 00:04:01.320
some of the more expensive universities
00:04:01.320 --> 00:04:04.560
are the more generous
ones with financial aid.
00:04:04.560 --> 00:04:07.290
I'll just use myself as an example.
00:04:07.290 --> 00:04:10.200
The college I wanted to go
to when I was in high school,
00:04:10.200 --> 00:04:11.640
at the time, this was in the nineties.
00:04:11.640 --> 00:04:13.680
It cost even then with room
and board and everything,
00:04:13.680 --> 00:04:15.240
it was over $30,000 a year,
00:04:15.240 --> 00:04:18.420
which was more than twice what
my mom was making that year.
00:04:18.420 --> 00:04:20.550
So I was like, "there's no way
I'm gonna be able to do it."
00:04:20.550 --> 00:04:23.310
But my sister went to a
similar type of school
00:04:23.310 --> 00:04:24.570
that had similar type of tuition
00:04:24.570 --> 00:04:26.970
and she got significant financial aid
00:04:26.970 --> 00:04:29.550
because my mother did
not make a lot of money.
00:04:29.550 --> 00:04:30.810
We were on free and reduced lunch
00:04:30.810 --> 00:04:32.193
when I was in high school.
00:04:33.300 --> 00:04:34.133
They saw that.
00:04:35.092 --> 00:04:37.710
And my mom's contribution,
00:04:37.710 --> 00:04:39.330
even though the sticker
price was, you know,
00:04:39.330 --> 00:04:40.470
30 something thousand dollars,
00:04:40.470 --> 00:04:44.752
my mom's contribution was
something like $1,500 a year.
00:04:44.752 --> 00:04:47.220
And then I did accumulate some debt.
00:04:47.220 --> 00:04:50.310
So, you know, I accumulated
about $30,000 in debt
00:04:50.310 --> 00:04:53.100
over four years, which
is still a lot better
00:04:53.100 --> 00:04:56.100
than it could have been over
a hundred thousand dollars.
00:04:56.100 --> 00:04:58.380
But you still have to be
careful even with that
00:04:58.380 --> 00:05:00.690
to make sure that you're
going into something
00:05:00.690 --> 00:05:03.390
that you feel confident
you'll be able to be employed.
00:05:03.390 --> 00:05:06.000
It's something that you'll
enjoy being employed in
00:05:06.000 --> 00:05:07.470
and something that you can
really put the effort in
00:05:07.470 --> 00:05:09.270
to get those jobs so
that you're in a position
00:05:09.270 --> 00:05:11.250
to pay back the debt and the investment
00:05:11.250 --> 00:05:13.050
in your education pays off.
00:05:13.050 --> 00:05:16.140
But I encourage you, you
know, look at the spectrum.
00:05:16.140 --> 00:05:17.910
One, be aware of the costs.
00:05:17.910 --> 00:05:20.100
Be aware of what the
different outcomes would be
00:05:20.100 --> 00:05:21.150
and then think about,
00:05:21.150 --> 00:05:23.430
okay, do I want to live
in a big city, small town?
00:05:23.430 --> 00:05:25.440
There might be cost implications there.
00:05:25.440 --> 00:05:27.900
Do I want to go to a private school?
00:05:27.900 --> 00:05:29.550
Do I want to go to a state university?
00:05:29.550 --> 00:05:30.930
Do I wanna spend maybe two years
00:05:30.930 --> 00:05:33.069
at a community college and then transfer?
00:05:33.069 --> 00:05:34.530
These are all potential options
00:05:34.530 --> 00:05:35.850
that affect the cost equation,
00:05:35.850 --> 00:05:37.860
but they also have other
trade-offs as well.
00:05:37.860 --> 00:05:40.230
So it's more nuanced than you think,
00:05:40.230 --> 00:05:41.520
but I think especially if you come
00:05:41.520 --> 00:05:43.380
from a lower income household,
00:05:43.380 --> 00:05:46.530
there's probably more
options than you realize.
00:05:46.530 --> 00:05:48.960
In many cases, you should
at least try to apply
00:05:48.960 --> 00:05:51.810
for some of these more
aspirational schools
00:05:51.810 --> 00:05:53.310
if that's interesting to you
00:05:53.310 --> 00:05:55.910
and see what they offer
you, you might be surprised.
|
Choosing the right college | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=83jHrKbi2tI | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=83jHrKbi2tI&ei=n1WUZdv8H9y_mLAP5d2x2A0&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=597CD69523C00172F11CC253A08FAE60B4209D01.B2215D2E7CD967E7A8480407A07FC306E27BDDFF&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.290 --> 00:00:04.050
- So let's think a little bit
about how you might decide
00:00:04.050 --> 00:00:05.850
where you want to go to college.
00:00:05.850 --> 00:00:07.350
And the first thing I'll remind you,
00:00:07.350 --> 00:00:10.860
because this can oftentimes be
a pretty stressful decision,
00:00:10.860 --> 00:00:13.200
is that there is no right decision.
00:00:13.200 --> 00:00:15.390
You just need to make the decision right.
00:00:15.390 --> 00:00:16.770
Now, what do I mean by that?
00:00:16.770 --> 00:00:20.790
Is there are plenty of great
colleges and universities
00:00:20.790 --> 00:00:22.410
and community colleges.
00:00:22.410 --> 00:00:26.737
And if you go to them with an attitude of,
00:00:26.737 --> 00:00:28.470
"Hey, I'm going to take advantage
00:00:28.470 --> 00:00:32.400
of what this campus, what
this program has to offer.
00:00:32.400 --> 00:00:34.920
I'm going to put myself
out of my comfort zone.
00:00:34.920 --> 00:00:36.390
I'm going to sign up for clubs.
00:00:36.390 --> 00:00:38.550
I'm going to introduce myself to people.
00:00:38.550 --> 00:00:40.290
I'm going to try to get internships.
00:00:40.290 --> 00:00:43.080
I'm gonna try to join co-op programs.
00:00:43.080 --> 00:00:45.600
I'm gonna try to get
to know my professors,"
00:00:45.600 --> 00:00:48.600
you'll probably do
pretty well, pretty much,
00:00:48.600 --> 00:00:50.820
as long as you go to one
of these reasonable places.
00:00:50.820 --> 00:00:51.653
Now, on the other hand,
00:00:51.653 --> 00:00:54.630
you could go to some of the
fanciest colleges on the planet,
00:00:54.630 --> 00:00:57.300
but if you go there a little
bit afraid to step out
00:00:57.300 --> 00:01:01.116
of your comfort zone, if
you're a little bit passive
00:01:01.116 --> 00:01:03.180
about your education,
00:01:03.180 --> 00:01:05.130
you kinda just let the
education happen to you
00:01:05.130 --> 00:01:07.980
as opposed to you
happening to the eduction,
00:01:07.980 --> 00:01:09.060
then it might not be great.
00:01:09.060 --> 00:01:11.310
Or it just might not
be a great fit for you
00:01:11.310 --> 00:01:13.020
for whatever reason.
00:01:13.020 --> 00:01:15.270
So it's not about someplace being perfect.
00:01:15.270 --> 00:01:17.550
It's about what you bring to it.
00:01:17.550 --> 00:01:18.960
Now, with that said,
00:01:18.960 --> 00:01:21.150
there probably are certain types of places
00:01:21.150 --> 00:01:24.510
that you might thrive more than others.
00:01:24.510 --> 00:01:26.940
So the first thing, and we talk
about this in other videos,
00:01:26.940 --> 00:01:29.640
you can look at the cost
of different options
00:01:29.640 --> 00:01:31.680
and always keep in mind
things like financial aid.
00:01:31.680 --> 00:01:33.330
Don't just look at the sticker cost.
00:01:33.330 --> 00:01:34.980
Sometimes the financial aid at some
00:01:34.980 --> 00:01:36.600
of the most expensive universities
00:01:36.600 --> 00:01:39.120
is the most significant financial aid.
00:01:39.120 --> 00:01:40.710
So definitely take a look at that.
00:01:40.710 --> 00:01:41.970
But it's not just about cost.
00:01:41.970 --> 00:01:44.100
It's also about benefit.
00:01:44.100 --> 00:01:45.780
Talk to a lot of folks,
00:01:45.780 --> 00:01:48.750
especially students who
are at that program,
00:01:48.750 --> 00:01:50.970
ideally people who are recent graduates
00:01:50.970 --> 00:01:53.370
or who graduated maybe
five or 10 years ago,
00:01:53.370 --> 00:01:57.330
and ask them about both
their career opportunities,
00:01:57.330 --> 00:01:58.860
any regrets they might have,
00:01:58.860 --> 00:02:02.130
whether what they thought
was going to happen happened.
00:02:02.130 --> 00:02:03.300
Was it better than expected?
00:02:03.300 --> 00:02:04.500
Was it worse than expected?
00:02:04.500 --> 00:02:06.330
And also about their experience.
00:02:06.330 --> 00:02:08.310
There could be two folks who end up
00:02:08.310 --> 00:02:11.670
in a similar place
career-wise and money-wise,
00:02:11.670 --> 00:02:13.290
but one might say, "Yeah, you know,
00:02:13.290 --> 00:02:15.240
my four years of college really,
00:02:15.240 --> 00:02:16.830
it wasn't really working out for me.
00:02:16.830 --> 00:02:18.870
It wasn't really, weren't
really great years."
00:02:18.870 --> 00:02:20.107
And there could be someone else who says,
00:02:20.107 --> 00:02:21.330
"Well, you know, those
were some of the best years
00:02:21.330 --> 00:02:22.770
of my life.
00:02:22.770 --> 00:02:24.300
I met some of my best friends.
00:02:24.300 --> 00:02:26.760
I was so stimulated," et cetera.
00:02:26.760 --> 00:02:29.040
So that has to be part
of the equation too.
00:02:29.040 --> 00:02:32.250
We're not living just to make money
00:02:32.250 --> 00:02:33.840
and have a job and pay bills.
00:02:33.840 --> 00:02:35.850
Now, that's important too,
00:02:35.850 --> 00:02:39.000
but it's also about having
an experience in life
00:02:39.000 --> 00:02:40.560
that you think might be fulfilling
00:02:40.560 --> 00:02:43.590
and make you a better
person in a lot of ways.
00:02:43.590 --> 00:02:45.450
Now, your general options are going to be,
00:02:45.450 --> 00:02:46.980
obviously, you could go
to a four-year college,
00:02:46.980 --> 00:02:48.360
four-year colleges.
00:02:48.360 --> 00:02:51.030
You'll often have your in-state colleges,
00:02:51.030 --> 00:02:52.860
which will tend to have lower tuition.
00:02:52.860 --> 00:02:54.570
And then you might have
the private colleges,
00:02:54.570 --> 00:02:56.610
which will have, tend
to have higher tuition.
00:02:56.610 --> 00:03:00.120
But once again, keep in mind
things like financial aid.
00:03:00.120 --> 00:03:02.400
Don't write off an expensive university
00:03:02.400 --> 00:03:03.540
without looking a little bit
00:03:03.540 --> 00:03:05.220
into how they give financial aid
00:03:05.220 --> 00:03:06.270
and whether you might be able
00:03:06.270 --> 00:03:09.480
to get a pretty good
financial aid package.
00:03:09.480 --> 00:03:13.050
Now, you also have associate
programs, community colleges.
00:03:13.050 --> 00:03:14.700
These might be really great options.
00:03:14.700 --> 00:03:16.620
The cost can be significant lower,
00:03:16.620 --> 00:03:17.880
especially 'cause they're close to home.
00:03:17.880 --> 00:03:19.320
Maybe you live at home.
00:03:19.320 --> 00:03:21.600
And in many cases, you can
go to one of those programs,
00:03:21.600 --> 00:03:24.540
and sometimes get a great
job coming out of them,
00:03:24.540 --> 00:03:27.270
or you can transfer to a four-year degree
00:03:27.270 --> 00:03:30.180
and save some money in the process
00:03:30.180 --> 00:03:32.910
for at least two first two years.
00:03:32.910 --> 00:03:36.780
The one thing I will tell you
to be a little bit wary of
00:03:36.780 --> 00:03:40.080
are what I would, and I
don't wanna say, you know,
00:03:40.080 --> 00:03:43.830
all for-profit universities
are bad or good or et cetera,
00:03:43.830 --> 00:03:46.801
but when you're looking at
colleges and associate programs
00:03:46.801 --> 00:03:49.200
that are for-profit,
00:03:49.200 --> 00:03:51.120
so they aren't
not-for-profit organizations,
00:03:51.120 --> 00:03:53.340
they're owned by a corporation,
00:03:53.340 --> 00:03:55.140
you just have to be a little bit wary
00:03:55.140 --> 00:03:56.400
about what their motivations are.
00:03:56.400 --> 00:03:58.920
Especially many times, they'll
have a lotta marketing.
00:03:58.920 --> 00:04:01.710
They'll really talk
about all of the things
00:04:01.710 --> 00:04:03.120
that they're doing for their students.
00:04:03.120 --> 00:04:04.830
But you need to ask the hard questions
00:04:04.830 --> 00:04:07.500
to make sure that those
outcomes are really happening.
00:04:07.500 --> 00:04:08.333
I'll tell you a story.
00:04:08.333 --> 00:04:10.230
When I used to work at an investment fund,
00:04:10.230 --> 00:04:12.480
we once talked to a
publicly traded company
00:04:12.480 --> 00:04:16.590
that ran some of these associate programs.
00:04:16.590 --> 00:04:19.140
And I have to tell you, (laughing)
00:04:19.140 --> 00:04:22.170
they seemed very focused on
what their marketing costs were
00:04:22.170 --> 00:04:25.590
and how long the students needed to spend
00:04:25.590 --> 00:04:28.170
at their campus or their online program
00:04:28.170 --> 00:04:30.720
in order for them to collect
the government grants.
00:04:31.650 --> 00:04:33.630
But they really didn't
have great outcomes.
00:04:33.630 --> 00:04:36.150
And so this was a situation
where their motivation,
00:04:36.150 --> 00:04:37.560
and I'm not saying this
going to be the case
00:04:37.560 --> 00:04:39.594
for all for-profit universities,
00:04:39.594 --> 00:04:41.407
but their motivation was definitely,
00:04:41.407 --> 00:04:44.430
"Hey, you know, we wanna market
as aggressively as possible,
00:04:44.430 --> 00:04:45.900
get people through the door,
00:04:45.900 --> 00:04:47.760
collect some of that
government grant money,
00:04:47.760 --> 00:04:50.250
and then yeah, you know,
hopefully something good happens
00:04:50.250 --> 00:04:52.740
to them afterwards," but they
didn't seem as focused there.
00:04:52.740 --> 00:04:53.970
And it's also not to say
00:04:53.970 --> 00:04:57.570
that all not-for-profit
universities are perfect either.
00:04:57.570 --> 00:04:59.850
Similarly, you have to really scrutinize.
00:04:59.850 --> 00:05:01.447
They might give you some numbers about,
00:05:01.447 --> 00:05:03.120
"Hey, our average graduate does this
00:05:03.120 --> 00:05:05.070
or the average graduate
with a job gets this."
00:05:05.070 --> 00:05:06.720
But you have to say, "Well,
how many of them get a job?
00:05:06.720 --> 00:05:08.550
And how quickly do they get a job?"
00:05:08.550 --> 00:05:11.550
I would recommend actually
talking to real people,
00:05:11.550 --> 00:05:14.400
recent graduates, seniors
looking to get a job,
00:05:14.400 --> 00:05:17.550
to see if those outcomes really hold up.
00:05:17.550 --> 00:05:19.170
Or did they have to really hustle for them
00:05:19.170 --> 00:05:20.370
in ways that maybe the college
00:05:20.370 --> 00:05:21.990
didn't support them that much?
00:05:21.990 --> 00:05:23.716
That's real information.
00:05:23.716 --> 00:05:26.550
So what I would recommend,
00:05:26.550 --> 00:05:28.800
keep a reasonable number of options,
00:05:28.800 --> 00:05:30.660
some that might be a little
bit more of a stretch,
00:05:30.660 --> 00:05:33.120
some that might be your
backup and very affordable,
00:05:33.120 --> 00:05:34.350
you know they are going to be.
00:05:34.350 --> 00:05:36.360
But then before you make the decision,
00:05:36.360 --> 00:05:38.010
definitely visit the campus,
00:05:38.010 --> 00:05:41.220
see how it feels, talk
to people on the campus,
00:05:41.220 --> 00:05:43.230
see if it resonates,
their experience seems
00:05:43.230 --> 00:05:44.580
like something you'd want.
00:05:44.580 --> 00:05:47.343
And also talk to as
many people as possible,
00:05:48.210 --> 00:05:50.190
especially recent grads or seniors
00:05:50.190 --> 00:05:51.270
that might be looking for a job.
00:05:51.270 --> 00:05:52.620
And don't be afraid to ask (laughing)
00:05:52.620 --> 00:05:54.780
what I would call slightly
impolite questions,
00:05:54.780 --> 00:05:57.120
which is like, "How much
money are you making?
00:05:57.120 --> 00:05:58.200
Are you stressed about it?
00:05:58.200 --> 00:05:59.550
Are you making what you thought you were?
00:05:59.550 --> 00:06:02.670
How much did the school help
you with career placement?
00:06:02.670 --> 00:06:04.020
Do you think you would've gotten this job
00:06:04.020 --> 00:06:06.690
if you went someplace else?
00:06:06.690 --> 00:06:09.360
Do you wish you majored in something else?
00:06:09.360 --> 00:06:10.710
Do you have any?" et cetera.
00:06:10.710 --> 00:06:14.310
So you have your future in front of you.
00:06:14.310 --> 00:06:16.920
Just ask really, really good
questions of a lot of folks.
00:06:16.920 --> 00:06:18.420
Be a little bit nosy.
00:06:18.420 --> 00:06:20.370
Don't always accept what people tell you,
00:06:20.370 --> 00:06:22.710
especially the
universities, at face value.
00:06:22.710 --> 00:06:24.420
Double check for yourself.
00:06:24.420 --> 00:06:26.870
And then you'll probably
be in pretty good shape.
|
Why invest in yourself? | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=olWhTwaYP_Y | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=olWhTwaYP_Y&ei=n1WUZbLXGvu4vdIPus-juAI&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=3088832EED5FD98E9C4C90D7094F49950F017FC4.3825967AACEBF782863736EA8D9068D58173752A&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.230 --> 00:00:04.380
- [Instructor] This chart
right over here is at bls.gov.
00:00:04.380 --> 00:00:08.190
BLS stands for the Bureau
of Labor Statistics.
00:00:08.190 --> 00:00:11.190
And it has a pretty
interesting trend here.
00:00:11.190 --> 00:00:14.220
It shows that the higher the degree level
00:00:14.220 --> 00:00:15.720
that someone gets,
00:00:15.720 --> 00:00:20.720
it is associated with higher
median weekly earnings, right?
00:00:21.690 --> 00:00:24.450
'Cause they're saying median
usual weekly earnings.
00:00:24.450 --> 00:00:26.610
And you could also see it's associated
00:00:26.610 --> 00:00:29.130
with lower and lower unemployment
00:00:29.130 --> 00:00:31.680
the higher of a degree you get.
00:00:31.680 --> 00:00:34.620
So one takeaway from this might be,
00:00:34.620 --> 00:00:36.540
well, if you wanna make more money
00:00:36.540 --> 00:00:38.580
and if you wanna have lower unemployment,
00:00:38.580 --> 00:00:42.120
and I think those are things
that most people aspire for,
00:00:42.120 --> 00:00:44.820
it might make sense to
have higher and higher
00:00:44.820 --> 00:00:48.060
level of degrees, or get
more and more education.
00:00:48.060 --> 00:00:52.110
Now, I will put a few
of disclaimers on that
00:00:52.110 --> 00:00:55.050
because it's not necessarily the fact
00:00:55.050 --> 00:00:57.960
that the education is
causing the higher income.
00:00:57.960 --> 00:01:01.620
It might be the fact that
people who are really organized,
00:01:01.620 --> 00:01:05.310
who are really hardworking, who
are doing well academically,
00:01:05.310 --> 00:01:08.400
which are all ingredients
for maybe success,
00:01:08.400 --> 00:01:12.150
that those people also just
decide to get more education
00:01:12.150 --> 00:01:14.820
and then they become more successful.
00:01:14.820 --> 00:01:17.880
It's probably, in my mind,
a combination of both.
00:01:17.880 --> 00:01:22.260
The actual education does
make you actually more trained
00:01:22.260 --> 00:01:24.840
and more capable and more
ready for the workforce.
00:01:24.840 --> 00:01:26.940
And it also opens doors for you
00:01:26.940 --> 00:01:29.490
that wouldn't have been opened otherwise.
00:01:29.490 --> 00:01:32.130
But there is an aspect of the same person
00:01:32.130 --> 00:01:34.350
who might have gotten a doctoral degree.
00:01:34.350 --> 00:01:36.000
If you were able to run an experiment
00:01:36.000 --> 00:01:38.190
and they weren't able to
get a doctoral degree,
00:01:38.190 --> 00:01:41.100
maybe they might be just as successful.
00:01:41.100 --> 00:01:42.930
We'll never know cause
it's very hard to run
00:01:42.930 --> 00:01:45.300
that exact same experiment.
00:01:45.300 --> 00:01:48.870
But generally speaking, more
education does seem to help.
00:01:48.870 --> 00:01:52.200
It does look like it's an
investment in your earnings
00:01:52.200 --> 00:01:55.290
and in your employability, so to speak.
00:01:55.290 --> 00:01:56.370
Another thing to think about.
00:01:56.370 --> 00:01:57.517
You might just look at this and say,
00:01:57.517 --> 00:02:01.140
"Oh, if I wanna be as little
unemployed as possible
00:02:01.140 --> 00:02:03.030
or make as much money as possible,
00:02:03.030 --> 00:02:04.800
I should either go get a PhD
00:02:04.800 --> 00:02:06.900
or I should get a professional degree
00:02:06.900 --> 00:02:10.050
like become a lawyer or become a doctor."
00:02:10.050 --> 00:02:12.660
And that might be true in certain cases,
00:02:12.660 --> 00:02:15.600
but not all degrees are going to be equal
00:02:15.600 --> 00:02:19.890
in terms of employability and
equal in terms of earnings.
00:02:19.890 --> 00:02:22.230
For example, there's
some bachelor's degrees
00:02:22.230 --> 00:02:23.910
that can make very good money.
00:02:23.910 --> 00:02:26.490
Oftentimes, a lot more
money than a doctoral degree
00:02:26.490 --> 00:02:27.450
or a professional degree.
00:02:27.450 --> 00:02:28.650
For example, if you were to major
00:02:28.650 --> 00:02:31.890
in some types of engineering,
or I guess computer science,
00:02:31.890 --> 00:02:33.330
which is also a high demand,
00:02:33.330 --> 00:02:35.220
I guess that's also part of engineering.
00:02:35.220 --> 00:02:36.720
There could even be associate's degrees
00:02:36.720 --> 00:02:37.920
that pay very, very well.
00:02:37.920 --> 00:02:39.120
A lot of the trades.
00:02:39.120 --> 00:02:41.310
Go become an electrician, become a plumber
00:02:41.310 --> 00:02:43.380
can pay better, in many cases,
00:02:43.380 --> 00:02:45.870
than some folks who get a PhD.
00:02:45.870 --> 00:02:47.670
So you just need to think about
00:02:47.670 --> 00:02:50.160
not just the level of education,
00:02:50.160 --> 00:02:53.640
but which particular
field you're going into.
00:02:53.640 --> 00:02:55.380
And maybe more importantly,
00:02:55.380 --> 00:02:58.500
is that going to be a field
where you think you can thrive
00:02:58.500 --> 00:03:01.320
and really dig into that career
00:03:01.320 --> 00:03:03.690
and make something out of it?
00:03:03.690 --> 00:03:05.257
But I think the combination of saying,
00:03:05.257 --> 00:03:09.990
"Hey, in general, more education
is probably a good thing,"
00:03:09.990 --> 00:03:13.140
as long as you don't take it for granted
00:03:13.140 --> 00:03:14.610
that just a degree by itself
00:03:14.610 --> 00:03:16.470
is what's going to make you successful.
00:03:16.470 --> 00:03:20.370
And you're very thoughtful
about picking a path,
00:03:20.370 --> 00:03:22.110
not just how far you wanna go,
00:03:22.110 --> 00:03:24.270
but the actual lane you wanna go in,
00:03:24.270 --> 00:03:28.170
that both you believe,
based on information,
00:03:28.170 --> 00:03:31.680
talking to folks, gives you
good financial prospects.
00:03:31.680 --> 00:03:33.180
And it's one that you're
going to thrive in.
00:03:33.180 --> 00:03:35.760
Because you could go and become a doctor,
00:03:35.760 --> 00:03:36.900
but if that's not something
00:03:36.900 --> 00:03:38.167
that you wake up every
morning, you're like,
00:03:38.167 --> 00:03:39.330
"Oh, I love being a doctor,"
00:03:39.330 --> 00:03:40.597
and at some point you're like,
00:03:40.597 --> 00:03:42.030
"Well, I don't wanna
become a doctor anymore,"
00:03:42.030 --> 00:03:44.520
then the degree's probably
not going to help you as much.
00:03:44.520 --> 00:03:45.750
It might help you get some other type
00:03:45.750 --> 00:03:47.340
of healthcare job or something.
00:03:47.340 --> 00:03:48.660
So just think about these things.
00:03:48.660 --> 00:03:52.380
But this is a general
chart that, hey, yeah,
00:03:52.380 --> 00:03:54.230
maybe education is a good investment.
|
SMART goals | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkpFiOh88qQ | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=wkpFiOh88qQ&ei=n1WUZfPOG9S4mLAP-7GZmAg&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=69E3BCA7B73C71A51443C6F97AAD48504EE81F2D.B712AD548F50646F51C4128EE1A002C6BB74AC0C&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.410 --> 00:00:03.660
- So let's talk a little
bit about SMART goals
00:00:03.660 --> 00:00:05.220
when it comes to your finances.
00:00:05.220 --> 00:00:06.690
And when I say SMART goals,
00:00:06.690 --> 00:00:09.780
I'm not just saying well-thought-out
or intelligent goals,
00:00:09.780 --> 00:00:11.280
although I guess it could be that.
00:00:11.280 --> 00:00:16.280
I'm talking about the acronym,
S-M-A-R-T, SMART goals.
00:00:16.860 --> 00:00:19.440
Now the S stands for specific.
00:00:19.440 --> 00:00:21.660
The M stands for measurable.
00:00:21.660 --> 00:00:23.730
A stands for achievable.
00:00:23.730 --> 00:00:26.160
R stands for realistic.
00:00:26.160 --> 00:00:28.590
And T stands for time-based.
00:00:28.590 --> 00:00:30.960
I think achievable and
realistic are kind of common,
00:00:30.960 --> 00:00:32.370
but then it wouldn't be a fun acronym.
00:00:32.370 --> 00:00:35.340
It would be like SMAT goals or SMRT goals.
00:00:35.340 --> 00:00:36.300
So it's SMART goals,
00:00:36.300 --> 00:00:37.710
which is a little bit easier to remember.
00:00:37.710 --> 00:00:39.870
So what do we mean by SMART goals?
00:00:39.870 --> 00:00:42.420
So for me, it's easy to
think about what it is
00:00:42.420 --> 00:00:43.560
by thinking about what it isn't.
00:00:43.560 --> 00:00:46.230
So let's think about what
a non-SMART goal would be
00:00:46.230 --> 00:00:47.880
when it comes to your finances.
00:00:47.880 --> 00:00:51.720
Let's say you just said,
"I want to be rich."
00:00:51.720 --> 00:00:53.910
That is not a SMART goal.
00:00:53.910 --> 00:00:55.140
That is not specific.
00:00:55.140 --> 00:00:56.610
It is not measurable.
00:00:56.610 --> 00:00:58.410
It might be achievable
00:00:58.410 --> 00:01:01.470
depending on how you
think about what rich is.
00:01:01.470 --> 00:01:02.490
But once again, we don't even know
00:01:02.490 --> 00:01:04.770
'cause you haven't
quantified what that is.
00:01:04.770 --> 00:01:06.540
What does rich mean?
00:01:06.540 --> 00:01:08.340
It may be realistic, but we don't know.
00:01:08.340 --> 00:01:11.160
And the time, you haven't
given any time there.
00:01:11.160 --> 00:01:13.140
So let's see if we can turn that
00:01:13.140 --> 00:01:16.860
into something more of a SMART goal.
00:01:16.860 --> 00:01:20.760
So let's first define
what it means to be rich.
00:01:20.760 --> 00:01:25.760
And let's say you want, by
the time you are 30 years old,
00:01:27.300 --> 00:01:29.370
so I'm putting some time in there,
00:01:29.370 --> 00:01:31.620
you wanna have enough
money for a down payment
00:01:31.620 --> 00:01:32.790
on a pretty nice house.
00:01:32.790 --> 00:01:36.090
Let's say you wanna have
a $100,000 down payment.
00:01:36.090 --> 00:01:39.180
So let's see if that
meets our SMART goals.
00:01:39.180 --> 00:01:40.050
So is it specific?
00:01:40.050 --> 00:01:44.820
I want to save a $100,000
for a down payment on a house
00:01:44.820 --> 00:01:47.580
by the time I am 30 years old.
00:01:47.580 --> 00:01:48.750
That seems specific.
00:01:48.750 --> 00:01:51.510
It's a $100,000 for a
down payment on a house.
00:01:51.510 --> 00:01:52.350
Is it measurable?
00:01:52.350 --> 00:01:53.183
Yes.
00:01:53.183 --> 00:01:55.470
You can see how much money you have saved
00:01:55.470 --> 00:01:56.550
for that down payment.
00:01:56.550 --> 00:01:57.603
How close you are?
00:01:58.740 --> 00:02:00.630
The first year, you saved $10,000,
00:02:00.630 --> 00:02:02.580
you're like, "Wow, I'm 10%
of the way to my goal."
00:02:02.580 --> 00:02:07.170
The second year, I've
saved $20,000, et cetera.
00:02:07.170 --> 00:02:08.700
You can measure how you're getting there.
00:02:08.700 --> 00:02:10.590
Is it achievable, realistic?
00:02:10.590 --> 00:02:12.800
Well, depending on your
financial circumstances,
00:02:12.800 --> 00:02:16.200
that seems doable for a lot of folks
00:02:16.200 --> 00:02:18.720
if they're able to save well
00:02:18.720 --> 00:02:21.240
that they might be able
to save that amount.
00:02:21.240 --> 00:02:22.890
But once again, it depends on your income,
00:02:22.890 --> 00:02:24.840
your lifestyle, your expenses.
00:02:24.840 --> 00:02:26.040
You have to make sure that's realistic.
00:02:26.040 --> 00:02:29.220
For some folks, that might not
be achievable or realistic.
00:02:29.220 --> 00:02:32.280
For other folks, it might be
very achievable and realistic.
00:02:32.280 --> 00:02:33.870
And then is it time-based?
00:02:33.870 --> 00:02:35.040
Well, yes.
00:02:35.040 --> 00:02:37.050
I just said by the time I am 30 years old.
00:02:37.050 --> 00:02:38.400
And you could break that down.
00:02:38.400 --> 00:02:40.597
Let's say you're 25 years
old right now, and you say,
00:02:40.597 --> 00:02:43.830
"Well, then I'm gonna have
to save $20,000 a year
00:02:43.830 --> 00:02:45.030
for the next five years."
00:02:45.030 --> 00:02:47.430
So you could break that bigger SMART goal
00:02:47.430 --> 00:02:48.907
into smaller SMART goals.
00:02:48.907 --> 00:02:52.560
"Okay, this coming year,
I need to save $20,000
00:02:52.560 --> 00:02:55.500
towards my down payment on a house."
00:02:55.500 --> 00:02:57.900
Once again, it's
specific, it's measurable.
00:02:57.900 --> 00:03:01.110
Depending on your scenario, it
may or may not be achievable
00:03:01.110 --> 00:03:03.810
if that $20,000 a year
is just way too much.
00:03:03.810 --> 00:03:06.540
If you're making, let's
say, $40,000 a year,
00:03:06.540 --> 00:03:08.850
you might say, "Okay, that's
still not a SMART goal."
00:03:08.850 --> 00:03:10.860
It's not necessarily
achievable or realistic.
00:03:10.860 --> 00:03:13.650
Maybe you have to moderate
that a little bit.
00:03:13.650 --> 00:03:16.110
Bring it down to five or $10,000.
00:03:16.110 --> 00:03:17.730
In which case, maybe your larger goal,
00:03:17.730 --> 00:03:20.970
you're gonna save $50,000
by the time you're 30.
00:03:20.970 --> 00:03:24.270
Or you'll say, I have to raise
a 100,000 by the time I'm 35.
00:03:24.270 --> 00:03:25.650
What SMART goals allow you to do
00:03:25.650 --> 00:03:30.650
is just one, realize whether
you are achieving them
00:03:30.660 --> 00:03:32.850
and also have goals that are achievable
00:03:32.850 --> 00:03:35.070
in a very clear timeframe.
00:03:35.070 --> 00:03:38.670
So SMART goals are useful in
practically anything you do,
00:03:38.670 --> 00:03:40.440
but especially when it
comes to your finances
00:03:40.440 --> 00:03:41.377
because it's very easy to say,
00:03:41.377 --> 00:03:42.540
"Oh, well, I just wanna do that.
00:03:42.540 --> 00:03:43.440
I wanna be comfortable.
00:03:43.440 --> 00:03:44.400
I wanna have enough money.
00:03:44.400 --> 00:03:45.390
I wanna to be rich."
00:03:45.390 --> 00:03:46.410
Whatever you say.
00:03:46.410 --> 00:03:47.243
But when you just say it
00:03:47.243 --> 00:03:50.100
in these kind of loosey goosey terms,
00:03:50.100 --> 00:03:51.510
it's very hard to know
00:03:51.510 --> 00:03:53.850
whether you're making
progress against those things.
00:03:53.850 --> 00:03:54.780
And because it's hard to know
00:03:54.780 --> 00:03:55.650
whether you're making progress,
00:03:55.650 --> 00:03:58.440
you oftentimes aren't
holding yourself accountable.
00:03:58.440 --> 00:03:59.973
And so SMART goals,
00:04:00.810 --> 00:04:02.343
they're a smart thing to do.
|
Short, medium and long term financial goals | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nzIAe8WSSqE | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=nzIAe8WSSqE&ei=n1WUZYKcI5XKp-oP0t6ZuA0&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=CBCEA387BF8EE9F5A762D857A32DAD1A6ED8856E.3E1C6E9DB0E3516398E78D43D2F932A1E24567A0&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.350 --> 00:00:03.690
- So it's very likely
that you have different
00:00:03.690 --> 00:00:07.470
financial goals over
different amounts of time.
00:00:07.470 --> 00:00:10.380
For example, you likely,
or maybe you should,
00:00:10.380 --> 00:00:12.360
have long term financial goals.
00:00:12.360 --> 00:00:14.407
Long term financial goals are like,
00:00:14.407 --> 00:00:17.910
"I wanna make sure I have
enough money for retirement,
00:00:17.910 --> 00:00:20.880
to be able to retire at a
certain standard of living,"
00:00:20.880 --> 00:00:23.550
or, "I want to ensure that my children,
00:00:23.550 --> 00:00:26.100
or my future children,
that I'm going to be able
00:00:26.100 --> 00:00:30.360
to pay for their college,"
or, "I want to save up
00:00:30.360 --> 00:00:32.250
enough money for a house, or eventually,
00:00:32.250 --> 00:00:33.870
I wanna pay off that house."
00:00:33.870 --> 00:00:36.000
Those would all be long term goals,
00:00:36.000 --> 00:00:40.230
we're talking about many years,
probably over many decades.
00:00:40.230 --> 00:00:42.420
Then you could have medium term goals.
00:00:42.420 --> 00:00:45.247
You could say, let's
say over the next year,
00:00:45.247 --> 00:00:49.680
"I'm hoping to save
$10,000," maybe towards
00:00:49.680 --> 00:00:51.630
a down payment on a house,
or maybe to help you
00:00:51.630 --> 00:00:54.360
purchase a car, or really, just to have
00:00:54.360 --> 00:00:57.360
some rainy day money
in case I lose my job,
00:00:57.360 --> 00:00:59.550
or whatever else might be happening.
00:00:59.550 --> 00:01:00.960
And then you could go all the way down
00:01:00.960 --> 00:01:02.730
to your short term goals.
00:01:02.730 --> 00:01:05.760
Your short term goals
are, "Hey, this month,
00:01:05.760 --> 00:01:10.760
I want to save 10% of my after-tax money,"
00:01:11.340 --> 00:01:14.460
or maybe "I want to save $500,"
00:01:14.460 --> 00:01:18.180
or "I want to spend 10% less on eating out
00:01:18.180 --> 00:01:20.580
than I have the month before."
00:01:20.580 --> 00:01:22.860
Now, it's really important
to have these different
00:01:22.860 --> 00:01:26.700
lengths of goals, or these
different times of your goals.
00:01:26.700 --> 00:01:29.100
And the way I think about
it is your long term goals,
00:01:29.100 --> 00:01:30.960
you shouldn't be changing
them too frequently,
00:01:30.960 --> 00:01:32.580
and I think some of the ones that I listed
00:01:32.580 --> 00:01:35.010
are good long term goals for most people,
00:01:35.010 --> 00:01:37.410
if you want to be able to
retire reasonably well,
00:01:37.410 --> 00:01:39.990
if you wanna help with
your children's education,
00:01:39.990 --> 00:01:42.330
you wanna be able to have
enough money for children,
00:01:42.330 --> 00:01:45.390
or you wanna buy a house.
00:01:45.390 --> 00:01:47.910
Now they might change
if your circumstances
00:01:47.910 --> 00:01:50.040
change dramatically, if you're able to get
00:01:50.040 --> 00:01:53.520
a dramatically better job,
or you were to lose your job,
00:01:53.520 --> 00:01:58.520
or if you get married,
these all could change
00:01:58.620 --> 00:02:00.630
your long term goals pretty dramatically,
00:02:00.630 --> 00:02:01.620
but you're not going to be changing
00:02:01.620 --> 00:02:04.170
your long term goals on a monthly basis.
00:02:04.170 --> 00:02:06.690
Now on the other extreme,
your short term goals
00:02:06.690 --> 00:02:09.480
might change pretty frequently,
although even there,
00:02:09.480 --> 00:02:10.800
you should put some thought into it.
00:02:10.800 --> 00:02:12.810
This month it might be, "Hey, I wanna see
00:02:12.810 --> 00:02:15.720
if I can spend 10% less on eating out,"
00:02:15.720 --> 00:02:18.000
and then the next month
you just wanna maintain
00:02:18.000 --> 00:02:20.970
your new level, your more
frugal level of spending,
00:02:20.970 --> 00:02:23.550
but maybe you have
another short term goal.
00:02:23.550 --> 00:02:26.430
Maybe that month you wanna figure out,
00:02:26.430 --> 00:02:28.773
you wanna be able to
invest your money better.
00:02:29.640 --> 00:02:31.920
Say, "Look, I have money sitting
there in a savings account,
00:02:31.920 --> 00:02:34.770
it's getting, you know, not even at 1%,
00:02:34.770 --> 00:02:36.000
maybe I wanna figure out if I could get
00:02:36.000 --> 00:02:37.710
a higher interest rate,
I wanna figure that out
00:02:37.710 --> 00:02:39.570
by the end of the
month," or maybe you have
00:02:39.570 --> 00:02:42.900
some other types of saving
goal or spending goal.
00:02:42.900 --> 00:02:47.070
So it's useful, 'cause if you
just had a long term goal,
00:02:47.070 --> 00:02:49.380
it's really hard to maybe break that down
00:02:49.380 --> 00:02:51.720
about how that affects you this month.
00:02:51.720 --> 00:02:54.420
What I encourage you to,
definitely have those long term
00:02:54.420 --> 00:02:56.557
goals, but then break it
down, if you have, say,
00:02:56.557 --> 00:02:59.190
"I wanna save money for a
down payment for a house,"
00:02:59.190 --> 00:03:02.310
let's say you wanna save
$50,000 or $100,000,
00:03:02.310 --> 00:03:04.770
over the next, let's say, 10 years,
00:03:04.770 --> 00:03:06.360
you can then break that down on how much
00:03:06.360 --> 00:03:09.990
you need to save per year, that
would be a medium term goal,
00:03:09.990 --> 00:03:11.587
and then based on that,
you have to think about,
00:03:11.587 --> 00:03:14.100
"Well, what should your budget look like
00:03:14.100 --> 00:03:15.180
on a monthly basis?"
00:03:15.180 --> 00:03:17.100
Well, how much money do
you need to bring in,
00:03:17.100 --> 00:03:18.930
how much money can you spend,
00:03:18.930 --> 00:03:22.230
and based on that, you could
set your short term goals,
00:03:22.230 --> 00:03:24.180
and see, "Oh, I'm actually tracking
00:03:24.180 --> 00:03:26.847
towards that long term goal."
|
Charitable giving | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdhVtONQAfM | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=bdhVtONQAfM&ei=n1WUZevRH9q8mLAPqo63iA0&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=C8AAA90EE79A1131579DB15B4335E163BCC3CB72.2AA277E04A94E715F33F5CBA7CF04CA267A6EC37&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.200 --> 00:00:03.780
- So let's talk a little
bit about charitable giving.
00:00:03.780 --> 00:00:07.830
And this one is close to my
heart because I run a nonprofit.
00:00:07.830 --> 00:00:10.200
So why do folks donate to charity?
00:00:10.200 --> 00:00:11.850
Well, you might have your own motivations.
00:00:11.850 --> 00:00:14.460
For most folks, I think
it just feels good.
00:00:14.460 --> 00:00:17.010
They might feel that they
have certain privileges
00:00:17.010 --> 00:00:18.840
in life that other folks don't have
00:00:18.840 --> 00:00:20.760
or they might want to see a disease cured.
00:00:20.760 --> 00:00:24.180
Help educate folks, help
the world in some way.
00:00:24.180 --> 00:00:26.400
And if you haven't tried
it, I encourage you to
00:00:26.400 --> 00:00:27.780
when you donate money
00:00:27.780 --> 00:00:30.900
or you donate some of your time services
00:00:30.900 --> 00:00:34.050
or you donate goods to a
charity and you feel like, hey,
00:00:34.050 --> 00:00:36.180
I'm making the world a little bit better,
00:00:36.180 --> 00:00:38.220
it feels really good.
00:00:38.220 --> 00:00:40.590
Now, some people might be a
little cynical and say, oh
00:00:40.590 --> 00:00:42.090
well they get a tax write off
00:00:42.090 --> 00:00:44.040
whenever they donate money, et cetera.
00:00:44.040 --> 00:00:45.960
But I wanna be very clear,
'cause I've heard that a lot.
00:00:45.960 --> 00:00:48.000
Whenever someone has seen
someone else donate, oh, well
00:00:48.000 --> 00:00:50.130
they're just getting a tax write off.
00:00:50.130 --> 00:00:53.100
In the vast majority of cases
00:00:53.100 --> 00:00:56.520
you do not get more money
back than you donate.
00:00:56.520 --> 00:01:01.520
In most, most cases, if you
say donate a hundred dollars
00:01:01.710 --> 00:01:03.870
that's just going to reduce your income
00:01:03.870 --> 00:01:04.950
by a hundred dollars.
00:01:04.950 --> 00:01:08.190
And let's say your
marginal tax rate is 30% to
00:01:08.190 --> 00:01:11.460
make the math easy, that
means it'll reduce your taxes
00:01:11.460 --> 00:01:13.920
by 30% of that a hundred dollars.
00:01:13.920 --> 00:01:15.570
So if you donate a hundred dollars
00:01:15.570 --> 00:01:17.760
to a not-for-profit to a charity,
00:01:17.760 --> 00:01:21.420
you will get $30 back in
that situation on your taxes
00:01:21.420 --> 00:01:24.630
but you still donated a net $70.
00:01:24.630 --> 00:01:27.150
So when folks are donating,
don't be cynical about it.
00:01:27.150 --> 00:01:29.910
They're definitely giving
more than they're receiving.
00:01:29.910 --> 00:01:31.830
There's some special cases,
00:01:31.830 --> 00:01:33.810
maybe you have a car
that you couldn't sell
00:01:33.810 --> 00:01:35.790
for more than a few hundred dollars.
00:01:35.790 --> 00:01:36.930
And if you donate to a charity
00:01:36.930 --> 00:01:39.030
you might be able to have a slightly
00:01:39.030 --> 00:01:40.470
larger write off than that.
00:01:40.470 --> 00:01:42.780
But in the great majority of cases
00:01:42.780 --> 00:01:45.150
folks are giving more
than they're receiving.
00:01:45.150 --> 00:01:46.950
And what they're really receiving is
00:01:46.950 --> 00:01:49.500
that feeling that they're
doing good for the world.
|
Money personalities | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tEha8BzsAZ8 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=tEha8BzsAZ8&ei=n1WUZYDJHM6Ep-oP8c-IsAE&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=4C28342F3CFC3D045F308B6287B51B5CD8F0C48F.1940B101443CDDC7A6A8BF2309D0D186B885EB14&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.110 --> 00:00:03.660
- So let's talk a little bit
about money personalities,
00:00:03.660 --> 00:00:04.950
and take it all with a grain of salt.
00:00:04.950 --> 00:00:08.460
Anytime I see any of
these personality tests
00:00:08.460 --> 00:00:10.200
that try to classify you
in one way or another,
00:00:10.200 --> 00:00:11.700
I'm like, "I'm a complex human being.
00:00:11.700 --> 00:00:14.280
I have many different
facets to my personality."
00:00:14.280 --> 00:00:16.680
But they do end up being helpful
00:00:16.680 --> 00:00:19.680
for just making us reflect
on how we're behaving
00:00:19.680 --> 00:00:22.680
or how we tend to behave at certain times.
00:00:22.680 --> 00:00:24.990
So the general money personalities
00:00:24.990 --> 00:00:28.920
are the saver, the spender, the investor,
00:00:28.920 --> 00:00:31.290
and then someone who's pretty
balanced in all of the above.
00:00:31.290 --> 00:00:34.470
And maybe there's a fifth
category of the avoider.
00:00:34.470 --> 00:00:37.890
Now, the saver, and I
think I fall under this,
00:00:37.890 --> 00:00:39.750
tends to be a little bit frugal.
00:00:39.750 --> 00:00:42.120
They're good at saving money,
00:00:42.120 --> 00:00:45.990
so they bring in more money
than they necessarily spend,
00:00:45.990 --> 00:00:48.600
and that's generally a good thing,
00:00:48.600 --> 00:00:50.190
but it can have some downsides.
00:00:50.190 --> 00:00:54.720
Sometimes the saver doesn't
put as much money as they need
00:00:54.720 --> 00:00:56.340
to enjoy life.
00:00:56.340 --> 00:00:59.940
After all, what is the money
for, at the end of the day?
00:00:59.940 --> 00:01:01.680
Now, related to the saver,
00:01:01.680 --> 00:01:04.260
we could think about the investor,
00:01:04.260 --> 00:01:06.390
which I kind of view as a saver
00:01:06.390 --> 00:01:09.420
who is willing to put their
money to work a little bit more.
00:01:09.420 --> 00:01:10.710
Now, when you put your money to work,
00:01:10.710 --> 00:01:13.260
it often involves a little bit more risk.
00:01:13.260 --> 00:01:15.030
So if you're a pure saver,
00:01:15.030 --> 00:01:17.430
maybe you just like to a
little bit hoard that money,
00:01:17.430 --> 00:01:18.810
but you keep it really, really secure,
00:01:18.810 --> 00:01:21.780
while an investor maybe
takes a little bit more risk,
00:01:21.780 --> 00:01:22.800
which could be a good thing,
00:01:22.800 --> 00:01:23.820
'cause a little bit more risk,
00:01:23.820 --> 00:01:25.800
a little bit more return, potentially,
00:01:25.800 --> 00:01:28.530
but it's also more risk, which
means you might lose some.
00:01:28.530 --> 00:01:30.120
So if you're an investor,
00:01:30.120 --> 00:01:31.560
as long as you're investing prudently,
00:01:31.560 --> 00:01:32.670
it could be a very good thing,
00:01:32.670 --> 00:01:34.680
but you have to be aware of how much risk
00:01:34.680 --> 00:01:35.640
you're actually taking on.
00:01:35.640 --> 00:01:38.190
You might be taking on too much risk.
00:01:38.190 --> 00:01:40.740
Now, the third category is the spender.
00:01:40.740 --> 00:01:42.240
You can imagine what that is.
00:01:42.240 --> 00:01:44.430
I think we've all been in
that mode a little bit.
00:01:44.430 --> 00:01:45.780
But I think you're a classic spender
00:01:45.780 --> 00:01:47.550
if you're kind of living in the moment.
00:01:47.550 --> 00:01:49.290
When you spend, you're not really thinking
00:01:49.290 --> 00:01:52.770
about how much money you
have or what your goals are.
00:01:52.770 --> 00:01:55.380
And spenders can get into
a good bit of trouble,
00:01:55.380 --> 00:01:57.930
out of all of the categories,
probably the most trouble,
00:01:57.930 --> 00:01:59.190
where they can overspend,
00:01:59.190 --> 00:02:00.870
not be able to keep up with their bills.
00:02:00.870 --> 00:02:03.330
And obviously, if you're only
thinking about the moment,
00:02:03.330 --> 00:02:06.870
you might be doing some
harm to your future self.
00:02:06.870 --> 00:02:09.210
And then you have the balancer.
00:02:09.210 --> 00:02:10.500
Now, the balancer, overall,
00:02:10.500 --> 00:02:12.690
sounds like a pretty good category.
00:02:12.690 --> 00:02:15.540
It means that you're
balanced across all of them.
00:02:15.540 --> 00:02:19.200
But even there, you might
wanna make sure that, you know,
00:02:19.200 --> 00:02:22.177
you're not prone to, maybe, indecision.
00:02:22.177 --> 00:02:25.110
"Oh, do I save, do I spend? What do I do?"
00:02:25.110 --> 00:02:27.540
But overall, it sounds
like a pretty good thing.
00:02:27.540 --> 00:02:30.690
Now, avoider is someone
who just doesn't like
00:02:30.690 --> 00:02:32.280
to think about money at all.
00:02:32.280 --> 00:02:34.590
Now, probably, spenders and avoiders
00:02:34.590 --> 00:02:38.100
might have some common characteristics.
00:02:38.100 --> 00:02:39.090
If you're a real spender,
00:02:39.090 --> 00:02:41.550
you might not wanna think
about financial literacy.
00:02:41.550 --> 00:02:43.860
You might wanna avoid thinking
about money altogether.
00:02:43.860 --> 00:02:46.590
And that's what an avoider's
doing, to some degree,
00:02:46.590 --> 00:02:48.180
is to say, "Well, let me
just not think about it.
00:02:48.180 --> 00:02:49.530
Money kinda stresses me out."
00:02:49.530 --> 00:02:52.770
And obviously, avoiders,
similar to spenders,
00:02:52.770 --> 00:02:54.390
when you just live in that moment,
00:02:54.390 --> 00:02:56.610
you can get yourself into
a little bit of trouble.
00:02:56.610 --> 00:02:59.820
So think about what financial
personality you are.
00:02:59.820 --> 00:03:02.820
Maybe you're evolving in
your financial personalities.
00:03:02.820 --> 00:03:04.590
Maybe at different moments of your life,
00:03:04.590 --> 00:03:06.450
and certain dimensions of your life,
00:03:06.450 --> 00:03:09.480
you're more of one or the other.
00:03:09.480 --> 00:03:11.760
I tend to be a spender
when it comes to fruit.
00:03:11.760 --> 00:03:14.730
I tend to be a saver when
it comes to clothing.
00:03:14.730 --> 00:03:15.780
But just think about it.
00:03:15.780 --> 00:03:19.023
It'll give you a nice framework
for how you tend to be.
|
Sources of income during retirement | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTTzDjdfILs | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=vTTzDjdfILs&ei=n1WUZfyCGt7mxN8P8qKhyAw&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=262D62E3E3CD76294E34E6CBD079983715F93FC7.4BE9943CBA2CD181A0A071FF70A516619AC3335F&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.080 --> 00:00:01.913
- Let's talk a little bit
00:00:01.913 --> 00:00:05.220
about sources of income during retirement.
00:00:05.220 --> 00:00:07.650
So we're assuming you're
retired, you're not working,
00:00:07.650 --> 00:00:10.260
so you're not gonna get that income.
00:00:10.260 --> 00:00:11.093
But one of them
00:00:11.093 --> 00:00:13.920
is perhaps just your
straight-up investment income.
00:00:13.920 --> 00:00:15.690
You saved money over time.
00:00:15.690 --> 00:00:18.900
You've invested it in, let's
say, dividend-paying stocks.
00:00:18.900 --> 00:00:20.100
The dividend is income.
00:00:20.100 --> 00:00:21.780
Maybe you have bought rental properties.
00:00:21.780 --> 00:00:24.300
Those rents after paying all the expenses,
00:00:24.300 --> 00:00:27.210
those can be income,
but there's also things
00:00:27.210 --> 00:00:30.210
that are special purpose for retirement.
00:00:30.210 --> 00:00:33.720
Probably most common is social security.
00:00:33.720 --> 00:00:35.670
You pay into social security.
00:00:35.670 --> 00:00:37.950
When you get your paycheck,
you'll see that some of it
00:00:37.950 --> 00:00:40.860
is essentially taken
out for social security.
00:00:40.860 --> 00:00:42.480
And then when you become the age
00:00:42.480 --> 00:00:44.850
when you can start collecting
that social security,
00:00:44.850 --> 00:00:47.250
you get a payout and up to a cap,
00:00:47.250 --> 00:00:50.160
it is related to how much
you have actually paid
00:00:50.160 --> 00:00:51.990
into social security.
00:00:51.990 --> 00:00:54.150
Now, above and beyond social security,
00:00:54.150 --> 00:00:59.010
many employers will have employee
employer sponsored plans.
00:00:59.010 --> 00:01:01.890
And that is money that you pay in.
00:01:01.890 --> 00:01:05.790
And oftentimes the employer
will add some money to that.
00:01:05.790 --> 00:01:07.320
They'll match some percentage
00:01:07.320 --> 00:01:09.420
of what you put into that plan.
00:01:09.420 --> 00:01:13.860
For example, a 401K, and then
you can put money into it
00:01:13.860 --> 00:01:15.690
on a pre-tax basis.
00:01:15.690 --> 00:01:17.010
So what does that mean?
00:01:17.010 --> 00:01:21.660
Normally, let's say you
make an incremental $10,000
00:01:21.660 --> 00:01:25.680
and your marginal tax rate is say, 20%.
00:01:25.680 --> 00:01:27.690
Well, you're going to have to pay $2,000
00:01:27.690 --> 00:01:30.120
of tax on that $10,000.
00:01:30.120 --> 00:01:33.990
But something like a 401K,
you could put that $10,000
00:01:33.990 --> 00:01:38.190
into the plan and not have
to pay taxes on it upfront.
00:01:38.190 --> 00:01:40.200
And then you can invest
it within the plan.
00:01:40.200 --> 00:01:43.080
You can find out different
types of investment vehicles,
00:01:43.080 --> 00:01:45.420
ways to invest that money within the plan.
00:01:45.420 --> 00:01:47.070
There's not unlimited choices,
00:01:47.070 --> 00:01:49.260
but they usually have several
choices within the plan.
00:01:49.260 --> 00:01:51.780
And then when you're of retirement age,
00:01:51.780 --> 00:01:54.120
you can take it out
and then you pay taxes.
00:01:54.120 --> 00:01:54.953
Now, you might say, well,
00:01:54.953 --> 00:01:56.241
I'm gonna pay taxes one way or the other.
00:01:56.241 --> 00:01:58.200
But when you pay taxes
when you're retired,
00:01:58.200 --> 00:02:01.200
one, you deferred those
taxes by many years,
00:02:01.200 --> 00:02:03.420
usually many, many decades.
00:02:03.420 --> 00:02:05.531
And also when you're retired,
00:02:05.531 --> 00:02:08.610
it's possible that your income is lower
00:02:08.610 --> 00:02:11.040
and so your marginal tax rate is lower.
00:02:11.040 --> 00:02:13.860
And so you might actually
have to pay fewer taxes
00:02:13.860 --> 00:02:15.780
on those same dollars.
00:02:15.780 --> 00:02:17.010
So you have social security,
00:02:17.010 --> 00:02:20.730
you have employer
sponsor plans like 401Ks,
00:02:20.730 --> 00:02:23.490
and then you have
individual retirement plans.
00:02:23.490 --> 00:02:27.120
The most common one is
that what's called an IRA,
00:02:27.120 --> 00:02:29.340
individual retirement account.
00:02:29.340 --> 00:02:31.950
And that's an individual
plan that you usually go
00:02:31.950 --> 00:02:34.020
and get with a bank or
a broker on your own.
00:02:34.020 --> 00:02:35.850
It's not connected to an employer.
00:02:35.850 --> 00:02:37.470
And there's two types.
00:02:37.470 --> 00:02:40.950
There's a traditional IRA
where similar to a 401K,
00:02:40.950 --> 00:02:44.520
you can put money in on a
pre-tax basis up to a cap.
00:02:44.520 --> 00:02:46.710
And 401Ks also have a cap.
00:02:46.710 --> 00:02:49.830
You can invest it without
taxes, and then some future date
00:02:49.830 --> 00:02:51.750
you're going to pay the taxes on it.
00:02:51.750 --> 00:02:53.940
There's also something called a Roth IRA
00:02:53.940 --> 00:02:57.210
which you pay the taxes
upfront, put the money in,
00:02:57.210 --> 00:02:59.130
but then you can invest it tax free.
00:02:59.130 --> 00:03:01.020
And then when you take
it out at retirement,
00:03:01.020 --> 00:03:02.970
you don't have to pay taxes on it.
00:03:02.970 --> 00:03:05.730
So those are the the basic
ways that you're going
00:03:05.730 --> 00:03:08.375
to get income in your retirement.
00:03:08.375 --> 00:03:11.253
So it's good to start
thinking about them early.
|
Saving and investing | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBJ3_A5SMsc | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=CBJ3_A5SMsc&ei=n1WUZbjYG4m_mLAP6bKvwAk&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=8B58FC8EA5EC83657E6541347134131FDFBBFE1D.76B944A821E431B3A725102C1287115DEA3FCFDE&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.619 --> 00:00:04.170
- Let's talk a little bit
about saving and investing.
00:00:04.170 --> 00:00:05.520
So I would define saving
00:00:05.520 --> 00:00:08.880
as just any extra money you bring in
00:00:08.880 --> 00:00:11.340
in a given amount of time
00:00:11.340 --> 00:00:13.530
that you haven't spent yet.
00:00:13.530 --> 00:00:15.630
So let's say in a given month,
00:00:15.630 --> 00:00:20.630
you bring in $4,000 and you
spend $3,500 in that month.
00:00:21.810 --> 00:00:25.170
Well, then you would have saved $500.
00:00:25.170 --> 00:00:26.790
Now, that $500,
00:00:26.790 --> 00:00:29.790
there's many different
things you could do with it.
00:00:29.790 --> 00:00:32.400
You could just put it into a bank account,
00:00:32.400 --> 00:00:35.010
you could put into a savings
or a checking account,
00:00:35.010 --> 00:00:37.530
or you could even get a
certificate of deposit.
00:00:37.530 --> 00:00:40.230
And those are all very, very safe things
00:00:40.230 --> 00:00:42.030
to do with your money.
00:00:42.030 --> 00:00:45.420
Assuming that nothing
horrible happens with the bank
00:00:45.420 --> 00:00:47.760
and even if something horrible
did happen with the bank,
00:00:47.760 --> 00:00:49.230
which isn't too likely,
00:00:49.230 --> 00:00:53.670
as long as it's less than
$250,000 per account,
00:00:53.670 --> 00:00:55.380
that money is pretty much,
00:00:55.380 --> 00:00:58.140
you're going to be able
to access it at any time.
00:00:58.140 --> 00:01:01.590
But when you put your money
into something that safe,
00:01:01.590 --> 00:01:03.840
you're not likely to get much of a return.
00:01:03.840 --> 00:01:06.390
You'll be lucky to get even one or 2%
00:01:06.390 --> 00:01:09.540
or even to keep up with inflation.
00:01:09.540 --> 00:01:10.740
But it makes sense to do that,
00:01:10.740 --> 00:01:12.150
because you're gonna
have your money there.
00:01:12.150 --> 00:01:13.140
It's guaranteed,
00:01:13.140 --> 00:01:15.060
and all of us need to
keep some of our money
00:01:15.060 --> 00:01:16.590
in savings and checking account,
00:01:16.590 --> 00:01:21.240
because we might need to use
that money to pay a bill,
00:01:21.240 --> 00:01:24.120
to do whatever in the next few weeks
00:01:24.120 --> 00:01:25.860
or in the next few months.
00:01:25.860 --> 00:01:28.560
Now, investing is when you think about,
00:01:28.560 --> 00:01:29.790
all right, I have this money,
00:01:29.790 --> 00:01:30.623
which for the most part,
00:01:30.623 --> 00:01:32.460
I would have had to have saved already,
00:01:32.460 --> 00:01:34.590
and some of it I want to invest
00:01:34.590 --> 00:01:37.890
in order to get a higher return,
00:01:37.890 --> 00:01:41.070
try to get four or 5%, 10%, 20%.
00:01:41.070 --> 00:01:42.450
I would start getting very suspicious
00:01:42.450 --> 00:01:43.590
if you think you can consistently
00:01:43.590 --> 00:01:47.820
get higher than 10 or 20% of
return, even higher than 10%.
00:01:47.820 --> 00:01:49.710
You're probably having to take on
00:01:49.710 --> 00:01:53.100
a reasonable amount of risk to do that.
00:01:53.100 --> 00:01:54.930
Usually risk and return are related.
00:01:54.930 --> 00:01:57.150
If you could get high
return with low risk,
00:01:57.150 --> 00:01:58.950
everyone would just
pour their money there,
00:01:58.950 --> 00:02:01.230
so you should be a little
bit suspicious of that.
00:02:01.230 --> 00:02:03.330
But what does investing look like?
00:02:03.330 --> 00:02:05.310
Well, at the riskier end of the spectrum,
00:02:05.310 --> 00:02:09.810
it could be, hey, I'm gonna
buy some new startup stock,
00:02:09.810 --> 00:02:12.480
that is stock in a company
that isn't making money,
00:02:12.480 --> 00:02:13.770
but it's growing super fast
00:02:13.770 --> 00:02:15.780
and look at how it stock is moving up.
00:02:15.780 --> 00:02:17.070
That's a little bit speculative.
00:02:17.070 --> 00:02:20.310
That would be high risk,
potentially high return.
00:02:20.310 --> 00:02:21.720
At the other end of the spectrum,
00:02:21.720 --> 00:02:23.910
you could buy government
or corporate bonds
00:02:23.910 --> 00:02:26.040
where you're essentially
lending money to the government
00:02:26.040 --> 00:02:27.420
or to a corporation,
00:02:27.420 --> 00:02:29.583
and there you might get a lower return.
00:02:31.410 --> 00:02:33.323
Maybe you're getting 4%, 5%, 6%,
00:02:34.740 --> 00:02:35.573
which is a lot more
00:02:35.573 --> 00:02:38.160
than you might be getting
in your checking account,
00:02:38.160 --> 00:02:41.400
and the risk there is only if
whoever you're lending it to
00:02:41.400 --> 00:02:42.300
doesn't pay it back.
00:02:42.300 --> 00:02:43.710
And obviously, if you're
lending it to the government,
00:02:43.710 --> 00:02:45.150
there's a very high chance
00:02:45.150 --> 00:02:47.370
that they're going to pay it back.
00:02:47.370 --> 00:02:48.480
So that's how I think about it.
00:02:48.480 --> 00:02:51.510
Saving, just the money
that you're bringing in
00:02:51.510 --> 00:02:53.340
that you're not spending,
you're saving that,
00:02:53.340 --> 00:02:55.260
and then some of that,
you could invest it.
00:02:55.260 --> 00:02:56.490
But when you start to invest,
00:02:56.490 --> 00:02:57.930
you're going for a higher return,
00:02:57.930 --> 00:03:00.453
but you're also taking on higher risk.
|
Financial institutions and markets | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=szUhmDH98oQ | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=szUhmDH98oQ&ei=n1WUZdevIYSxp-oPyoeL0AY&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=3EA553536731B3479A694A3B4A764876B26DF8DB.EEAF1CB1C8B757DE1D4295682F47138D38040CBD&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.290 --> 00:00:03.750
- So let's talk a little bit
about financial institutions.
00:00:03.750 --> 00:00:06.750
There are many different types
of financial institutions,
00:00:06.750 --> 00:00:08.250
but probably the most basic one
00:00:08.250 --> 00:00:09.810
that almost everyone encounters
00:00:09.810 --> 00:00:11.970
at some point in their life is a bank.
00:00:11.970 --> 00:00:14.160
And a bank, at the most basic level,
00:00:14.160 --> 00:00:15.960
there's many things that a bank can do,
00:00:15.960 --> 00:00:18.270
but it's a place where you
can deposit your money,
00:00:18.270 --> 00:00:19.920
arguably for safekeeping,
00:00:19.920 --> 00:00:22.290
and a place where you
can access it easily,
00:00:22.290 --> 00:00:23.940
and maybe you're going to be able
00:00:23.940 --> 00:00:25.800
to get a little bit of interest on it.
00:00:25.800 --> 00:00:27.720
And so think about what
the world would be like
00:00:27.720 --> 00:00:29.490
if you did not have banks.
00:00:29.490 --> 00:00:31.470
You would probably put your money,
00:00:31.470 --> 00:00:34.320
stuff it into your mattress,
put it in a vault someplace.
00:00:34.320 --> 00:00:36.450
One, it could be a little bit scary
00:00:36.450 --> 00:00:37.920
if someone were to break into your house,
00:00:37.920 --> 00:00:39.420
and I think more people
would break into houses
00:00:39.420 --> 00:00:40.253
if they knew that people
00:00:40.253 --> 00:00:42.630
were stuffing money into their mattress.
00:00:42.630 --> 00:00:45.060
But even more than that,
if you were to then go make
00:00:45.060 --> 00:00:46.530
a big purchase of some kind,
00:00:46.530 --> 00:00:48.990
instead of handing someone your debit card
00:00:48.990 --> 00:00:51.120
or being able to do it
in an electronic way,
00:00:51.120 --> 00:00:53.160
you would have to take all the cash there,
00:00:53.160 --> 00:00:55.860
which by itself could be a security issue,
00:00:55.860 --> 00:00:58.470
and frankly, it'll be hard
to keep track of all of that.
00:00:58.470 --> 00:01:01.650
And so modern banks, you're
able to make your deposits.
00:01:01.650 --> 00:01:04.530
The money is accessible with a debit card.
00:01:04.530 --> 00:01:07.710
You can log online, use the various apps
00:01:07.710 --> 00:01:11.680
and see what your different
transactions have been, how much
00:01:14.070 --> 00:01:17.550
and what your balances
are wherever you are
00:01:17.550 --> 00:01:18.600
many times in the world.
00:01:18.600 --> 00:01:21.510
I was just out of the country,
and with my debit card,
00:01:21.510 --> 00:01:23.550
I was able to go and get cash.
00:01:23.550 --> 00:01:24.990
I was able to buy things.
00:01:24.990 --> 00:01:28.740
I didn't have to take all of
that cash with me on a plane.
00:01:28.740 --> 00:01:30.180
Now, the other thing that banks do
00:01:30.180 --> 00:01:31.140
is they'll give you interest,
00:01:31.140 --> 00:01:34.140
and the way that they are
able to create that interest
00:01:34.140 --> 00:01:38.160
is they take a large fraction
of the money that's deposited
00:01:38.160 --> 00:01:41.040
and then they will lend
it out to other folks.
00:01:41.040 --> 00:01:44.400
Now, if you have less than $250,000
00:01:44.400 --> 00:01:48.750
per person per account type
in a US bank, that's insured,
00:01:48.750 --> 00:01:50.550
so you can feel pretty confident
00:01:50.550 --> 00:01:52.530
that you put that money in there,
00:01:52.530 --> 00:01:54.750
if you need that money,
you'll be able to take it out.
00:01:54.750 --> 00:01:56.460
So you don't have to worry too much
00:01:56.460 --> 00:01:58.200
about that dimension of it.
00:01:58.200 --> 00:02:00.300
And once again, by putting it in the bank
00:02:00.300 --> 00:02:02.820
versus having it stuffed in your mattress,
00:02:02.820 --> 00:02:04.590
you're gonna be able to
get some interest on it
00:02:04.590 --> 00:02:06.840
and be able to access things very easily.
00:02:06.840 --> 00:02:08.730
Now, there are other
financial institutions.
00:02:08.730 --> 00:02:10.080
There's things like insurance companies.
00:02:10.080 --> 00:02:12.870
We talk a lot about
insurance in this course.
00:02:12.870 --> 00:02:14.190
And in order to get insurance,
00:02:14.190 --> 00:02:16.110
you need someone to take
the other side of it.
00:02:16.110 --> 00:02:18.780
So you need someone to
pay a certain premium,
00:02:18.780 --> 00:02:21.457
a certain amount per month
or per year to agree that,
00:02:21.457 --> 00:02:24.810
"Hey, we got your back if the
bad thing were to happen."
00:02:24.810 --> 00:02:27.060
And not just anyone can
start an insurance company
00:02:27.060 --> 00:02:28.140
or a bank for that matter.
00:02:28.140 --> 00:02:30.630
They're heavily regulated
because the government,
00:02:30.630 --> 00:02:33.930
we all wanna make sure
that these other groups,
00:02:33.930 --> 00:02:34.890
these other institutions,
00:02:34.890 --> 00:02:36.630
are going to be there
for you when you need it.
00:02:36.630 --> 00:02:38.490
When you go to a bank and you
say, "I want my money back,"
00:02:38.490 --> 00:02:40.590
they better give you your money back.
00:02:40.590 --> 00:02:41.737
If you go to an insurance company and say,
00:02:41.737 --> 00:02:42.967
"Hey, look, my car got totaled.
00:02:42.967 --> 00:02:43.830
"I need the money back,"
00:02:43.830 --> 00:02:46.500
you better hope that that
insurance company is there
00:02:46.500 --> 00:02:49.110
and that they're going to
be good for your money.
00:02:49.110 --> 00:02:51.360
Now, there's many other types
of financial institutions,
00:02:51.360 --> 00:02:52.320
and some of 'em are connected
00:02:52.320 --> 00:02:54.810
or parts of insurance companies or banks.
00:02:54.810 --> 00:02:56.850
You could have things like brokerages.
00:02:56.850 --> 00:03:01.080
These are folks who help
broker transactions.
00:03:01.080 --> 00:03:02.790
Oftentimes it's a stock brokerage.
00:03:02.790 --> 00:03:05.160
They're helping, if
someone is buying a stock,
00:03:05.160 --> 00:03:07.770
that means that someone
else is selling that stock,
00:03:07.770 --> 00:03:09.300
and a few times it's the actual company
00:03:09.300 --> 00:03:11.490
that's selling the stock, but
usually you're just buying it
00:03:11.490 --> 00:03:14.250
from somebody else out
there in the stock market.
00:03:14.250 --> 00:03:15.960
So you need the brokers
00:03:15.960 --> 00:03:17.970
who help facilitate that transaction.
00:03:17.970 --> 00:03:21.000
You have the stock markets
themselves that obviously help
00:03:21.000 --> 00:03:24.570
or in a even more direct
way, I should say,
00:03:24.570 --> 00:03:27.450
help make those
transactions happen as well.
00:03:27.450 --> 00:03:28.800
So I could go on and on and on.
00:03:28.800 --> 00:03:30.030
We could spend hours talking
00:03:30.030 --> 00:03:32.790
about all the different types
of financial institutions,
00:03:32.790 --> 00:03:35.010
but it's important to realize
when you're using your money
00:03:35.010 --> 00:03:37.020
or when you're interfacing
with any of these,
00:03:37.020 --> 00:03:39.540
you're like, okay, what
does this organization do?
00:03:39.540 --> 00:03:41.370
What am I really getting out of it?
00:03:41.370 --> 00:03:42.960
What are they providing for me?
00:03:42.960 --> 00:03:44.460
And then what are the risks involved
00:03:44.460 --> 00:03:46.020
and what are they getting out of it?
00:03:46.020 --> 00:03:47.280
How do they make their money,
00:03:47.280 --> 00:03:49.860
and is that something that I
think is a reasonable thing
00:03:49.860 --> 00:03:52.050
for them to do given the services
00:03:52.050 --> 00:03:53.500
that they're providing to me?
|
Saving and investing | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jhvCc5tKAno | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=jhvCc5tKAno&ei=n1WUZYzyI8uip-oP6ZCnkA0&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=C94555CFEAAB7300D77C4194CCE454809DF7E499.8BB84088A9E7A733CBB48A2DB13DE28005E96794&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.617 --> 00:00:03.963
- Let's talk a little bit
about saving and investing.
00:00:05.400 --> 00:00:08.250
So one theme that you'll
hear me talk a lot about
00:00:08.250 --> 00:00:10.350
is how important it is to save.
00:00:10.350 --> 00:00:12.360
One, it's a sign that
you're living sustainably,
00:00:12.360 --> 00:00:15.630
that you're spending less
money than you're bringing in.
00:00:15.630 --> 00:00:18.540
And it also allows you to build a cushion
00:00:18.540 --> 00:00:20.880
if anything bad were to happen,
if you were to lose your job
00:00:20.880 --> 00:00:23.430
or there's some medical
expenses that are unforeseen
00:00:23.430 --> 00:00:26.100
or whatever it might be,
having that extra cushion
00:00:26.100 --> 00:00:27.810
is going to be really, really helpful.
00:00:27.810 --> 00:00:29.324
Really helpful.
00:00:29.324 --> 00:00:31.080
It's gonna lower your stress
level in a lot of ways.
00:00:31.080 --> 00:00:33.450
The other valuable thing
about savings is it allows you
00:00:33.450 --> 00:00:35.580
to do certain things
that you wouldn't be able
00:00:35.580 --> 00:00:37.242
to do if you didn't have it.
00:00:37.242 --> 00:00:38.550
For example, put a down payment on a car
00:00:38.550 --> 00:00:40.950
or buy a car outright or put
a down payment on a house.
00:00:40.950 --> 00:00:43.900
You need to save your
money in order to do it.
00:00:43.900 --> 00:00:45.990
And that last category of buying
a down payment on a house,
00:00:45.990 --> 00:00:48.570
one, it might allow you to
live in the house that you want
00:00:48.570 --> 00:00:51.300
but you can also view that as
you're making an investment.
00:00:51.300 --> 00:00:55.063
You're buying a real asset in real estate.
00:00:55.063 --> 00:00:57.900
And not only is by buying that asset
00:00:57.900 --> 00:01:00.030
you will save on rent in the future
00:01:00.030 --> 00:01:02.220
but the house itself might appreciate.
00:01:02.220 --> 00:01:05.760
And so savings allows you to also invest.
00:01:05.760 --> 00:01:06.780
Obviously you could buy a house,
00:01:06.780 --> 00:01:09.660
you could buy rental properties,
other forms of real estate.
00:01:09.660 --> 00:01:12.840
You could buy stocks and bonds.
00:01:12.840 --> 00:01:15.750
Bonds you're essentially
lending money to some group.
00:01:15.750 --> 00:01:17.970
You could buy Treasury
bills, Treasury bonds.
00:01:17.970 --> 00:01:19.860
That's essentially lending money
00:01:19.860 --> 00:01:22.470
to the US federal government.
00:01:22.470 --> 00:01:24.840
You'll get better interest
on that than if you just
00:01:24.840 --> 00:01:27.180
kept your money in a
checking or savings account.
00:01:27.180 --> 00:01:29.190
And a lot better interest than
if you just put your money,
00:01:29.190 --> 00:01:32.490
stuffed it in the mattress
where you'll get no interest.
00:01:32.490 --> 00:01:34.860
But if you wanna take on more
risk you could buy stocks.
00:01:34.860 --> 00:01:37.653
Stocks are you're buying
shares of a company.
00:01:38.659 --> 00:01:39.492
And a lot of folks will say,
00:01:39.492 --> 00:01:41.070
"Oh, you'll get better return there."
00:01:41.070 --> 00:01:42.390
But there's also more risk there.
00:01:42.390 --> 00:01:45.000
Stocks can go up and
down pretty dramatically
00:01:45.000 --> 00:01:47.416
depending on what's
happening with the economy,
00:01:47.416 --> 00:01:50.190
depending on how people
are valuing these things.
00:01:50.190 --> 00:01:53.130
But the bottom line is
savings is a great start.
00:01:53.130 --> 00:01:55.470
It builds a cushion and then
you can use those savings
00:01:55.470 --> 00:01:57.810
and you can think about how
you might want to invest it.
00:01:57.810 --> 00:02:00.660
When you invest, you should never think
00:02:00.660 --> 00:02:02.970
that you're gonna get a high
return without any risk.
00:02:02.970 --> 00:02:04.950
There's usually a bit of a catch there.
00:02:04.950 --> 00:02:08.040
But investing is a way that
if you invest prudently,
00:02:08.040 --> 00:02:10.650
you should over time hopefully bring in
00:02:10.650 --> 00:02:12.480
more money than you are putting in.
00:02:12.480 --> 00:02:14.400
And so one way to think
about that is you're taking
00:02:14.400 --> 00:02:17.430
your savings and you're getting
your money to work for you,
00:02:17.430 --> 00:02:20.070
for your money to create
income that you yourself
00:02:20.070 --> 00:02:22.290
don't even have to work
in order to produce.
00:02:22.290 --> 00:02:25.244
So if you save enough money
and you keep investing it
00:02:25.244 --> 00:02:28.620
in thoughtful ways that aren't too risky,
00:02:28.620 --> 00:02:31.440
that money will grow and
eventually might be able
00:02:31.440 --> 00:02:33.660
to create more income
than you can on your own.
00:02:33.660 --> 00:02:36.203
So it's a pretty good place
to be if you can get there.
|
Why plan for retirement | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9lTE95LPaA | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=J9lTE95LPaA&ei=n1WUZYr_ItD7vdIPgcyP8As&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=6A59523D8C764DA5389C07FAB4E4BBC5F1C9B901.A574913F0FDC3BFACC908934675D62577AA038BC&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.290 --> 00:00:03.660
- So let's think a little
bit about retirement.
00:00:03.660 --> 00:00:05.490
And I know some of y'all
who are younger, like, hey,
00:00:05.490 --> 00:00:07.230
I'm just trying to figure out
what to do with my own life.
00:00:07.230 --> 00:00:10.110
Why am I already thinking
about my life when I am
00:00:10.110 --> 00:00:13.140
in my 60s or 70s or even later?
00:00:13.140 --> 00:00:15.231
The first thing I'll tell you,
00:00:15.231 --> 00:00:18.300
life will go by faster than you suspect.
00:00:18.300 --> 00:00:20.850
I'm not at retirement yet,
but I'm about halfway.
00:00:20.850 --> 00:00:23.790
And that, that first
half went awfully fast.
00:00:23.790 --> 00:00:25.500
And, but the more importantly
00:00:25.500 --> 00:00:27.240
the earlier you start thinking about it,
00:00:27.240 --> 00:00:29.370
the more likely you're
going to be in a situation
00:00:29.370 --> 00:00:32.160
that's a good situation
when you get to retirement.
00:00:32.160 --> 00:00:34.440
So the whole principle is when you're
00:00:34.440 --> 00:00:37.530
in your 60s or 70s, you
might not wanna work.
00:00:37.530 --> 00:00:39.510
You might want to see
the world a little bit.
00:00:39.510 --> 00:00:41.640
You might wanna spend
more time with your family
00:00:41.640 --> 00:00:43.890
or you might not be in a position to work.
00:00:43.890 --> 00:00:46.290
Your health might start
going in certain ways.
00:00:46.290 --> 00:00:49.680
And so you want to have
a cushion to live off of.
00:00:49.680 --> 00:00:54.150
Now, one consideration is, is
that people are living longer
00:00:54.150 --> 00:00:56.520
and longer and longer,
which is a good thing.
00:00:56.520 --> 00:00:59.850
But in the old days when
the life expectancy was 65
00:00:59.850 --> 00:01:03.210
or 70 and people retired
at 65, well then on average
00:01:03.210 --> 00:01:04.200
they only had to think about, well
00:01:04.200 --> 00:01:05.250
how am I gonna live for that?
00:01:05.250 --> 00:01:07.920
How am I gonna support
myself for those five years?
00:01:07.920 --> 00:01:10.200
But now folks are living
into their 80s, 90s
00:01:10.200 --> 00:01:12.240
and even beyond as healthcare gets better.
00:01:12.240 --> 00:01:14.550
And so now if, if you're fortunate
00:01:14.550 --> 00:01:16.800
your retirement might be decades
00:01:16.800 --> 00:01:20.070
it might be 20, 30 years or longer.
00:01:20.070 --> 00:01:21.600
Now that's a double-edged sword
00:01:21.600 --> 00:01:23.790
because healthcare is getting better
00:01:23.790 --> 00:01:26.580
but healthcare is also
very, very expensive.
00:01:26.580 --> 00:01:28.590
And so you need to think,
how do you pay for that?
00:01:28.590 --> 00:01:30.840
You might have to think
about things like inflation.
00:01:30.840 --> 00:01:34.020
Everything is getting
more expensive over time.
00:01:34.020 --> 00:01:36.510
Some of you might say, hey,
there's government programs
00:01:36.510 --> 00:01:38.460
there's government healthcare.
00:01:38.460 --> 00:01:40.320
You have things like Medicare,
00:01:40.320 --> 00:01:43.140
you have social security
that you're paying into,
00:01:43.140 --> 00:01:45.180
but you really don't know when you retire
00:01:45.180 --> 00:01:47.730
in 30, 40, 50, 60 years
00:01:47.730 --> 00:01:49.710
whether those programs
are going to be the same.
00:01:49.710 --> 00:01:52.530
And to what degree are
those programs able to
00:01:52.530 --> 00:01:54.690
actually help support you?
00:01:54.690 --> 00:01:58.290
So saving for retirement is
a very, very important thing.
00:01:58.290 --> 00:01:59.850
But some of the core principles
00:01:59.850 --> 00:02:02.700
that we talk about saving generally apply.
00:02:02.700 --> 00:02:05.220
So you should try to
live below your means,
00:02:05.220 --> 00:02:07.320
spend less than you bring in.
00:02:07.320 --> 00:02:08.850
You have that savings.
00:02:08.850 --> 00:02:11.790
Now, some of that savings
could be for things that are
00:02:11.790 --> 00:02:12.960
in the short term.
00:02:12.960 --> 00:02:13.920
It could be a safety net
00:02:13.920 --> 00:02:16.110
in case you lose your
job, in case you fall ill,
00:02:16.110 --> 00:02:19.440
in case you have some unforeseen expenses.
00:02:19.440 --> 00:02:22.680
It could also be for buying
a house or buying a car.
00:02:22.680 --> 00:02:24.690
And it could also be for investment.
00:02:24.690 --> 00:02:28.215
And if you start saving
and you invest now, one,
00:02:28.215 --> 00:02:30.930
if that investment's not
something that you want to
00:02:30.930 --> 00:02:34.830
touch for 30, 40, 50 years,
you could probably deal
00:02:34.830 --> 00:02:36.750
with a little bit of ups
and downs, what's often
00:02:36.750 --> 00:02:38.790
called volatility, a
little bit of that risk.
00:02:38.790 --> 00:02:42.180
And so if you invest it over
many, many years, whether it's
00:02:42.180 --> 00:02:44.100
in something a little
bit riskier like stocks
00:02:44.100 --> 00:02:47.400
or something safer like
bonds, that interest
00:02:47.400 --> 00:02:50.880
that compounds year after
year, it will become a
00:02:50.880 --> 00:02:54.150
significant addition to
whatever you directly save
00:02:54.150 --> 00:02:55.350
over the coming decades.
00:02:56.220 --> 00:02:58.980
I encourage you to watch
videos on Khan Academy about
00:02:58.980 --> 00:03:01.620
the power of compounding
interest and things like that.
00:03:01.620 --> 00:03:02.820
But it is a lot.
00:03:02.820 --> 00:03:04.980
If you save a hundred dollars
when you're in your twenties
00:03:04.980 --> 00:03:08.760
and it compounds at four
or five, 6% per year
00:03:08.760 --> 00:03:11.580
that will be a lot more than
a hundred dollars when you get
00:03:11.580 --> 00:03:13.800
into your fifties, sixties and seventies.
00:03:13.800 --> 00:03:15.450
So start thinking about retirement.
00:03:15.450 --> 00:03:16.380
It's never too early.
00:03:16.380 --> 00:03:18.690
And you know, worst case
you think about retirement
00:03:18.690 --> 00:03:20.310
you start saving up for it.
00:03:20.310 --> 00:03:22.890
That money that you're saving
up can be used for many, many,
00:03:22.890 --> 00:03:25.200
many different purposes depending
on how you're saving it.
00:03:25.200 --> 00:03:27.210
You also have things
like retirement accounts
00:03:27.210 --> 00:03:30.180
like 401Ks and IRAs, which
we'll talk about later
00:03:30.180 --> 00:03:31.920
which allow you to save
00:03:31.920 --> 00:03:34.800
for retirement in a
very tax efficient way.
00:03:34.800 --> 00:03:37.550
So we'll talk about that in
more depth in other videos.
|
What is risk and return? | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7mo167ohvJw | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=7mo167ohvJw&ei=n1WUZaKJGsHZxN8PsOmLsAQ&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=C7296BA706BA1BFB4F85F7E9C1B63CCC8E8EED92.02C76644B04ABCACE4668400FEEEBAAC6E105060&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.590 --> 00:00:04.740
- So probably the main thing
you'll hear when you talk
00:00:04.740 --> 00:00:07.260
about investing is what
is the return that you got
00:00:07.260 --> 00:00:08.160
on your investment?
00:00:08.160 --> 00:00:10.380
And return on investment is oftentimes
00:00:10.380 --> 00:00:11.850
people will say ROI,
00:00:11.850 --> 00:00:14.100
and there's a lot of different
ways of calculating it,
00:00:14.100 --> 00:00:15.510
but maybe the most basic ways,
00:00:15.510 --> 00:00:17.400
think about if you put a hundred dollars
00:00:17.400 --> 00:00:18.960
into an investment this year
00:00:18.960 --> 00:00:22.350
and then next year you got back $110.
00:00:22.350 --> 00:00:24.300
So you got a $10 return
00:00:24.300 --> 00:00:27.090
on top of your $100 that you invested.
00:00:27.090 --> 00:00:30.660
People would say that
you got a 10% annual ROI
00:00:30.660 --> 00:00:34.170
or 10% return on investment annually.
00:00:34.170 --> 00:00:36.450
Now, it can get more complicated depending
00:00:36.450 --> 00:00:38.790
on what type of an investment it is
00:00:38.790 --> 00:00:41.700
and how it pays you out
over time, et cetera.
00:00:41.700 --> 00:00:44.880
But ROI is a really good
thing to think about.
00:00:44.880 --> 00:00:48.187
Any investment you make,
generally speaking, you might say,
00:00:48.187 --> 00:00:51.720
"All right, if there's one
thing that gives me a 20% ROI
00:00:51.720 --> 00:00:53.100
or return on investment, that's better
00:00:53.100 --> 00:00:56.040
than something that gives me a 10% ROI."
00:00:56.040 --> 00:00:59.730
And if in terms of risk,
they're similar, the same,
00:00:59.730 --> 00:01:02.400
then that might very well be the case.
00:01:02.400 --> 00:01:03.233
But it turns out
00:01:03.233 --> 00:01:06.870
that there's usually a trade-off
between risk and return.
00:01:06.870 --> 00:01:09.600
You're usually not going
to get a higher return
00:01:09.600 --> 00:01:12.120
for something that is equally as risky.
00:01:12.120 --> 00:01:14.760
If that were the case, everyone
would invest in that thing
00:01:14.760 --> 00:01:17.880
and not the thing that's
giving the lower return.
00:01:17.880 --> 00:01:19.620
And so to just give an example
00:01:19.620 --> 00:01:21.330
of how you see that in the real world,
00:01:21.330 --> 00:01:24.570
you can think of very,
very, very safe investments.
00:01:24.570 --> 00:01:26.280
For example, if you just have your money
00:01:26.280 --> 00:01:28.590
in a savings or checking account
00:01:28.590 --> 00:01:32.850
you might get low single
digits, 1, 2, 3% on your money
00:01:32.850 --> 00:01:34.800
depending on where interest rates are,
00:01:34.800 --> 00:01:35.970
which doesn't feel like a lot,
00:01:35.970 --> 00:01:38.160
but it's very, very, very safe.
00:01:38.160 --> 00:01:41.130
If it's less than $250,000 per person,
00:01:41.130 --> 00:01:42.600
per account type,
00:01:42.600 --> 00:01:45.750
well, then you are pretty much guaranteed
00:01:45.750 --> 00:01:47.340
to get your money back.
00:01:47.340 --> 00:01:50.700
So low risk and arguably low return.
00:01:50.700 --> 00:01:53.520
If you're to go slightly higher risk,
00:01:53.520 --> 00:01:56.340
you could do something like
lend to the federal government.
00:01:56.340 --> 00:01:59.130
You lend to the federal government
by buying treasury bonds
00:01:59.130 --> 00:02:02.190
and treasury bills,
oftentimes T bills for short.
00:02:02.190 --> 00:02:04.080
Now those are pretty much guaranteed
00:02:04.080 --> 00:02:05.400
to pay you what they say
00:02:05.400 --> 00:02:07.292
they're going to pay you.
00:02:07.292 --> 00:02:08.190
So you say, "Okay, why do I
get slightly higher interest
00:02:08.190 --> 00:02:10.200
for that than I get on
my checking account?"
00:02:10.200 --> 00:02:12.360
Well, it's a little bit less convenient
00:02:12.360 --> 00:02:15.090
if you need your money right that second.
00:02:15.090 --> 00:02:17.670
Yes, you could sell those
treasury bills or treasury bonds,
00:02:17.670 --> 00:02:19.320
but those prices do fluctuate.
00:02:19.320 --> 00:02:22.920
So you're only guaranteed to
get the money plus the interest
00:02:22.920 --> 00:02:26.880
if you hold it all the way to however long
00:02:26.880 --> 00:02:29.190
that treasury bond or
treasury bill was for.
00:02:29.190 --> 00:02:30.900
It might be for one year, two years,
00:02:30.900 --> 00:02:33.450
or 10 years or whatever it is.
00:02:33.450 --> 00:02:34.920
And so there's a certain risk,
00:02:34.920 --> 00:02:36.900
not just for the price fluctuations,
00:02:36.900 --> 00:02:39.690
but also how accessible is that money,
00:02:39.690 --> 00:02:41.400
for example, in that
checking or savings account?
00:02:41.400 --> 00:02:42.330
If you want that money,
00:02:42.330 --> 00:02:44.040
you can usually get it within a business,
00:02:44.040 --> 00:02:46.560
within a working day,
usually in a matter of hours.
00:02:46.560 --> 00:02:48.090
If you have a treasury
bond or treasury bill,
00:02:48.090 --> 00:02:49.680
it's a little bit more complicated
00:02:49.680 --> 00:02:52.350
and you're going to have more
of those price fluctuations.
00:02:52.350 --> 00:02:55.020
Now, if you wanted to go up
the risk and return ladder
00:02:55.020 --> 00:02:57.570
a little bit more, well, you
could lend to other entities.
00:02:57.570 --> 00:02:59.790
You could lend to big, safe companies.
00:02:59.790 --> 00:03:01.320
They will pay you higher interest
00:03:01.320 --> 00:03:02.700
than the federal government will.
00:03:02.700 --> 00:03:04.230
But there's a little bit more risk
00:03:04.230 --> 00:03:06.270
that they might not pay that loan back.
00:03:06.270 --> 00:03:07.320
Maybe they go outta business,
00:03:07.320 --> 00:03:09.120
maybe something dramatically negative
00:03:09.120 --> 00:03:10.230
happens to their business.
00:03:10.230 --> 00:03:13.530
And what you'll generally see
as you go to rescuer, sorry,
00:03:13.530 --> 00:03:16.440
if you go to riskier and riskier companies
00:03:16.440 --> 00:03:18.630
they're going to pay
higher and higher interest
00:03:18.630 --> 00:03:20.160
on their bonds.
00:03:20.160 --> 00:03:22.020
And if you look at the stock market
00:03:22.020 --> 00:03:24.270
where you're actually buying a share,
00:03:24.270 --> 00:03:26.797
when you buy a stock where you're buying
00:03:26.797 --> 00:03:27.630
a piece of the company,
00:03:27.630 --> 00:03:28.980
you'll normally see that the companies
00:03:28.980 --> 00:03:30.820
that feel pretty risky,
00:03:30.820 --> 00:03:33.660
you might feel like they
could have a higher return,
00:03:33.660 --> 00:03:36.330
but they could also have a
much higher loss as well.
00:03:36.330 --> 00:03:39.360
While companies that are
safer, generally speaking,
00:03:39.360 --> 00:03:44.360
you would expect to have lower
risk and also lower return.
00:03:44.490 --> 00:03:46.380
So it's important to think
00:03:46.380 --> 00:03:48.690
about return on investment
when you make an investment.
00:03:48.690 --> 00:03:51.060
And it's very, very, very, very important
00:03:51.060 --> 00:03:52.500
to think about risk.
00:03:52.500 --> 00:03:53.700
I can't stress this enough,
00:03:53.700 --> 00:03:55.080
how many people I've
explained they're like,
00:03:55.080 --> 00:03:58.770
oh, I have a 30%
guaranteed ROI investment.
00:03:58.770 --> 00:04:00.510
I'm like, okay, someone's lying to you.
00:04:00.510 --> 00:04:03.600
Because if it was 30% ROI guaranteed
00:04:03.600 --> 00:04:05.700
you would have all of the
major investment funds
00:04:05.700 --> 00:04:07.800
in the world just investing in that.
00:04:07.800 --> 00:04:12.210
Why would they let little
old Sal invest or you, uncle,
00:04:12.210 --> 00:04:13.920
why would they let you invest in that
00:04:13.920 --> 00:04:16.020
if it was really 30% guaranteed?
00:04:16.020 --> 00:04:17.340
I would be very skeptical
00:04:17.340 --> 00:04:19.560
of people who say something like that.
00:04:19.560 --> 00:04:20.820
There's usually a risk
00:04:20.820 --> 00:04:23.250
that that person isn't thinking about,
00:04:23.250 --> 00:04:26.430
or that return is in some
ways shady or fabricated,
00:04:26.430 --> 00:04:27.540
which also makes me feel
00:04:27.540 --> 00:04:29.850
that that whole proposition
is even riskier.
00:04:29.850 --> 00:04:32.610
So there are definitely ways
00:04:32.610 --> 00:04:34.950
that you can get 10, 20, 30% return,
00:04:34.950 --> 00:04:38.490
but it's usually associated
with a decent dose of risk.
00:04:38.490 --> 00:04:39.990
And when you go into something like that,
00:04:39.990 --> 00:04:41.550
also think about the worst case scenario.
00:04:41.550 --> 00:04:43.590
It's easy to dream about,
00:04:43.590 --> 00:04:44.490
I'm making all the money,
00:04:44.490 --> 00:04:45.420
but think about what would happen
00:04:45.420 --> 00:04:49.013
if you lost 30% or 50%
or 80% of your money?
00:04:49.013 --> 00:04:50.670
How would you feel then?
00:04:50.670 --> 00:04:53.073
And then invest accordingly.
|
Introduction to life insurance | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYPee7aczTE | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=wYPee7aczTE&ei=n1WUZbywIKK0vdIP6Oi_oAo&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=8DB7D4710FF5D0A304BEFF3CB0EDB3E488290599.937146ECE3EA5BC09A096C01058572B627CD606B&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.780 --> 00:00:01.740
- So let's talk a little bit
00:00:01.740 --> 00:00:04.230
about what's probably not
your favorite subject.
00:00:04.230 --> 00:00:07.170
It's definitely not
mine, and that is death.
00:00:07.170 --> 00:00:09.810
And it's not something
a lot of us think about.
00:00:09.810 --> 00:00:11.340
And I remember when I was a kid
00:00:11.340 --> 00:00:14.910
and I used to see these ads
on TV for life insurance,
00:00:14.910 --> 00:00:16.440
and it used to boggle my mind.
00:00:16.440 --> 00:00:18.007
I used to say, "Why would,
00:00:18.007 --> 00:00:19.597
"I don't even wanna think
about life insurance,
00:00:19.597 --> 00:00:22.717
"and if I'm dead, well,
you know, who cares?
00:00:22.717 --> 00:00:24.967
"You know, I won't need the money anymore.
00:00:24.967 --> 00:00:26.730
"Who are they gonna pay, et cetera?"
00:00:26.730 --> 00:00:30.360
And then I got married, I had kids,
00:00:30.360 --> 00:00:34.020
and I completely got why
life insurance matters.
00:00:34.020 --> 00:00:37.080
Because once you have
other people in your life
00:00:37.080 --> 00:00:39.213
that you might be helping support,
00:00:40.320 --> 00:00:41.670
then you do start to wonder,
00:00:41.670 --> 00:00:43.657
if you care about them, you wonder,
00:00:43.657 --> 00:00:45.277
"Well, what if something
were to happen to me?
00:00:45.277 --> 00:00:46.710
"What if I were to die?"
00:00:46.710 --> 00:00:48.060
We would have our loss of income.
00:00:48.060 --> 00:00:48.990
They might have other things
00:00:48.990 --> 00:00:51.360
that they might have to
do above and beyond that,
00:00:51.360 --> 00:00:52.830
because maybe I'm helping out at home
00:00:52.830 --> 00:00:54.480
and you're gonna need
more support at home,
00:00:54.480 --> 00:00:56.970
so you're gonna have even
more costs at the same time
00:00:56.970 --> 00:00:58.740
that you have loss of income.
00:00:58.740 --> 00:01:00.630
You might have a mortgage to pay,
00:01:00.630 --> 00:01:02.130
and the last thing you want your family
00:01:02.130 --> 00:01:03.360
to have to deal with if you die
00:01:03.360 --> 00:01:07.140
is not only they're hopefully
grieving for you a little bit,
00:01:07.140 --> 00:01:08.640
but they're also having to move
00:01:08.640 --> 00:01:10.380
or they can't pay their house
00:01:10.380 --> 00:01:12.780
or they're gonna have to
change their standard of living
00:01:12.780 --> 00:01:14.310
in a significant way.
00:01:14.310 --> 00:01:19.050
So, as soon as I had kids, I
got a life insurance policy.
00:01:19.050 --> 00:01:22.650
Now, the basic idea of life
insurance is you pay a premium,
00:01:22.650 --> 00:01:24.990
you pay a certain amount every year,
00:01:24.990 --> 00:01:29.310
and if you were to die, then
the life insurance company
00:01:29.310 --> 00:01:32.460
will pay whoever you
say is the beneficiary.
00:01:32.460 --> 00:01:35.160
It's oftentimes someone's
partner or your children
00:01:35.160 --> 00:01:37.110
or some other family
member, usually people
00:01:37.110 --> 00:01:40.590
that you're already helping
support in some way.
00:01:40.590 --> 00:01:43.440
And when I thought about how
much life insurance I needed,
00:01:43.440 --> 00:01:46.050
I remember I first got it
when my first child was born,
00:01:46.050 --> 00:01:49.590
I think I was 32 years old at the time.
00:01:49.590 --> 00:01:51.340
I said, "Well, we have a mortgage."
00:01:52.230 --> 00:01:53.640
At the time we only had one kid.
00:01:53.640 --> 00:01:54.960
I want him to be able to go to college
00:01:54.960 --> 00:01:56.460
if something were to happen to me.
00:01:56.460 --> 00:01:59.034
So I got a policy that was large enough
00:01:59.034 --> 00:02:03.000
that would be able to pay
off the rest of our mortgage,
00:02:03.000 --> 00:02:06.120
pay for his college
education, and then maybe
00:02:06.120 --> 00:02:09.420
have a little bit extra to
help my wife support her
00:02:09.420 --> 00:02:12.660
if she needed extra help
with whatever it might be,
00:02:12.660 --> 00:02:14.730
and so that's how I thought about it.
00:02:14.730 --> 00:02:17.130
More recently, I got
another health insurance,
00:02:17.130 --> 00:02:19.500
sorry, I got another life insurance policy
00:02:19.500 --> 00:02:20.580
with that same idea.
00:02:20.580 --> 00:02:21.780
I now have three kids.
00:02:21.780 --> 00:02:23.040
I want all of them, I wanna be able
00:02:23.040 --> 00:02:25.380
to afford for all of
them to go to college.
00:02:25.380 --> 00:02:29.190
I want all of, you know, I
want my wife and other folks
00:02:29.190 --> 00:02:32.640
in my family that I take care
of to still be taken care of
00:02:32.640 --> 00:02:35.430
if I were to lose my income,
00:02:35.430 --> 00:02:37.350
so, or by dying.
00:02:37.350 --> 00:02:39.120
There's other ways for
insuring loss of income
00:02:39.120 --> 00:02:41.640
for other reasons, but this is by dying.
00:02:41.640 --> 00:02:45.390
Now, there's a couple of
different life insurance flavors
00:02:45.390 --> 00:02:46.223
that you can get.
00:02:46.223 --> 00:02:48.540
The biggest distinction is term life
00:02:48.540 --> 00:02:50.700
versus whole life policy.
00:02:50.700 --> 00:02:52.200
Now, term life insurance
00:02:52.200 --> 00:02:53.970
only covers a certain number of years.
00:02:53.970 --> 00:02:57.480
You can get a term life policy
for say 10 years or 20 years,
00:02:57.480 --> 00:03:01.110
while a whole life policy will
cover the rest of your life.
00:03:01.110 --> 00:03:01.943
You might be saying,
00:03:01.943 --> 00:03:03.817
"Well, why would I ever want a term life
00:03:03.817 --> 00:03:05.310
"when I could get one that's whole life."
00:03:05.310 --> 00:03:07.080
Well, it turns out that a term life policy
00:03:07.080 --> 00:03:09.690
is usually cheaper, and why is that?
00:03:09.690 --> 00:03:12.750
Well, if you're say 32
years old like I was
00:03:12.750 --> 00:03:15.090
and you got a 10-year term policy
00:03:15.090 --> 00:03:17.197
'cause you're just like,
"Okay, over the next 10 years,
00:03:17.197 --> 00:03:19.170
"my family's gonna need
help paying the mortgage,"
00:03:19.170 --> 00:03:20.003
or whatever it might be.
00:03:20.003 --> 00:03:21.150
Or let's say over the next 20 years,
00:03:21.150 --> 00:03:22.807
if you get a 20-year term,
00:03:22.807 --> 00:03:26.377
"That could help cover my
family through college,
00:03:26.377 --> 00:03:27.937
"through the mortgage, et cetera,
00:03:27.937 --> 00:03:30.487
"and then after that, my kids
are going to be on their own.
00:03:30.487 --> 00:03:32.010
"They might not need it as much."
00:03:32.010 --> 00:03:33.990
And from an insurance
company's point of view,
00:03:33.990 --> 00:03:36.360
if you look at a 32-year-old
who's in good health,
00:03:36.360 --> 00:03:39.060
and they say the probability of them dying
00:03:39.060 --> 00:03:43.320
in the next 20 years, by the
time they're 52, is fairly low.
00:03:43.320 --> 00:03:46.770
So we can give them a pretty low premium.
00:03:46.770 --> 00:03:51.770
So I didn't have to
pay that much per year.
00:03:52.200 --> 00:03:54.960
Now, if you've got a whole life
policy back when you're 32,
00:03:54.960 --> 00:03:55.927
the insurance company's gonna say,
00:03:55.927 --> 00:03:58.747
"Well, Sal's gonna die eventually,
00:03:58.747 --> 00:04:00.607
"and it's just a matter
of is he gonna die sooner
00:04:00.607 --> 00:04:02.400
"or is he gonna die later?"
00:04:02.400 --> 00:04:04.710
And so they price it accordingly
00:04:04.710 --> 00:04:08.580
so that even if when they
pay it out, you know,
00:04:08.580 --> 00:04:11.130
maybe you're 80 or 90
years old when you die,
00:04:11.130 --> 00:04:13.590
but that payout is still
probably going to be less
00:04:13.590 --> 00:04:16.560
than the amount that you
put in over the years,
00:04:16.560 --> 00:04:20.280
especially if you last 'til
70 or 80 or or 90 years old,
00:04:20.280 --> 00:04:21.750
because not only are they taking
00:04:21.750 --> 00:04:23.010
those premiums you're giving them,
00:04:23.010 --> 00:04:24.840
but the insurance company is investing it
00:04:24.840 --> 00:04:27.120
so they're also getting, they're getting
00:04:27.120 --> 00:04:28.890
the returns on that premium.
00:04:28.890 --> 00:04:29.910
So they do the numbers,
00:04:29.910 --> 00:04:32.040
they do the statistics
to see, okay, if someone,
00:04:32.040 --> 00:04:35.790
let's say the average life
expectancy is 75 or 80 years old.
00:04:35.790 --> 00:04:38.130
If they paid this premium
all the way to that
00:04:38.130 --> 00:04:40.170
and were able to invest that premium,
00:04:40.170 --> 00:04:42.840
are we going to get more
money than we have to pay out?
00:04:42.840 --> 00:04:44.340
But they're still probably going to ask
00:04:44.340 --> 00:04:46.200
for more money for a whole life policy
00:04:46.200 --> 00:04:47.370
'cause they have to do that.
00:04:47.370 --> 00:04:49.320
In fact, almost always
they'll ask more money
00:04:49.320 --> 00:04:52.715
for a whole life policy
than for a term policy.
00:04:52.715 --> 00:04:57.715
So you have to decide, what
are you trying to de-risk?
00:04:57.930 --> 00:04:59.820
What are you trying to cover?
00:04:59.820 --> 00:05:01.290
And then act accordingly.
00:05:01.290 --> 00:05:04.950
And one of the things that's
a little bit depressing
00:05:04.950 --> 00:05:08.580
as you get older is I
had gotten at the time
00:05:08.580 --> 00:05:10.447
a 10-year term policy 'cause I was like,
00:05:10.447 --> 00:05:11.520
"Oh, that'll cover my family."
00:05:11.520 --> 00:05:13.473
And then once I turned 42
00:05:13.473 --> 00:05:16.800
and I wanted to get
another 10-year policy,
00:05:16.800 --> 00:05:18.900
well, then it was a lot more expensive.
00:05:18.900 --> 00:05:21.030
And the reason why it was
a lot more expensive is,
00:05:21.030 --> 00:05:23.130
well, the probability of a 42-year-old
00:05:23.130 --> 00:05:25.170
dying in the next 10
years is a good bit higher
00:05:25.170 --> 00:05:27.150
than the probability of a 32-year-old
00:05:27.150 --> 00:05:29.190
dying in the next 10 years.
00:05:29.190 --> 00:05:31.740
Now, there's also this
notion about insurability,
00:05:31.740 --> 00:05:33.330
because they're not just
gonna look at your age.
00:05:33.330 --> 00:05:34.260
They're gonna look at your health,
00:05:34.260 --> 00:05:35.700
they're gonna look at your lifestyle.
00:05:35.700 --> 00:05:38.253
If you like doing dangerous things,
00:05:40.131 --> 00:05:41.940
if you have things that
increase your risk of death,
00:05:41.940 --> 00:05:42.990
well, they're gonna charge you more,
00:05:42.990 --> 00:05:46.230
and if you lead a very,
very risky lifestyle,
00:05:46.230 --> 00:05:47.880
then they might not insure you at all,
00:05:47.880 --> 00:05:49.260
so that's this notion of insurability.
00:05:49.260 --> 00:05:51.750
When I got my last health insurance,
00:05:51.750 --> 00:05:53.580
someone came and literally
took a blood test,
00:05:53.580 --> 00:05:55.020
they checked my blood pressure,
00:05:55.020 --> 00:05:58.680
they checked my BMI, my body mass index
00:05:58.680 --> 00:06:02.130
to just kind of figure
out what the risk was.
00:06:02.130 --> 00:06:03.990
And there's all this questionnaire
00:06:03.990 --> 00:06:06.360
about my lifestyle, et cetera, et cetera.
00:06:06.360 --> 00:06:08.250
Now, the last thing I'll talk about is,
00:06:08.250 --> 00:06:10.200
and this isn't just
applies to life insurance
00:06:10.200 --> 00:06:11.970
but it definitely does
apply to life insurance,
00:06:11.970 --> 00:06:14.400
which is the notion of an individual plan
00:06:14.400 --> 00:06:16.230
versus a group plan.
00:06:16.230 --> 00:06:18.930
A group plan usually comes
through, say your employer,
00:06:18.930 --> 00:06:19.763
where your employer says,
00:06:19.763 --> 00:06:22.177
"Hey, we're gonna give
every employee we have
00:06:22.177 --> 00:06:23.400
"a life insurance policy."
00:06:23.400 --> 00:06:25.380
They might do other types
of policies as well.
00:06:25.380 --> 00:06:26.700
And that's, they're just paying
00:06:26.700 --> 00:06:29.430
usually a fixed amount for every employee,
00:06:29.430 --> 00:06:33.240
and the insurance company
isn't trying to differentiate
00:06:33.240 --> 00:06:35.100
because they're just
averaging everyone out.
00:06:35.100 --> 00:06:37.470
Sometimes they might do
a little bit of that,
00:06:37.470 --> 00:06:39.330
and that's nice.
00:06:39.330 --> 00:06:41.430
It's a benefit you might
get from your employer,
00:06:41.430 --> 00:06:44.070
but if you leave your employer,
00:06:44.070 --> 00:06:46.050
that policy might not
be effective anymore.
00:06:46.050 --> 00:06:47.970
So if it was a life insurance policy,
00:06:47.970 --> 00:06:50.310
if you die after leaving your employer,
00:06:50.310 --> 00:06:52.290
well, then it's not
gonna be so beneficial.
00:06:52.290 --> 00:06:54.570
While on the other hand if
you have an individual plan,
00:06:54.570 --> 00:06:56.010
one that you pay directly,
00:06:56.010 --> 00:06:57.450
well, that's just going to be tied to you.
00:06:57.450 --> 00:07:00.240
It's not gonna be tied to
where you happen to work.
00:07:00.240 --> 00:07:02.940
So, if you're young, you're
probably not thinking a lot
00:07:02.940 --> 00:07:03.900
about life insurance.
00:07:03.900 --> 00:07:05.250
Maybe you wanna talk to your parents
00:07:05.250 --> 00:07:06.720
and make sure they have life insurance.
00:07:06.720 --> 00:07:09.960
They may or may not
appreciate the conversation,
00:07:09.960 --> 00:07:12.180
but it is an important
thing to think about
00:07:12.180 --> 00:07:15.060
if we wanna make sure
those that we care about
00:07:15.060 --> 00:07:19.113
are taken care of if
anything really bad happens.
|
How insurance works | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i4FAekxeS_o | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=i4FAekxeS_o&ei=n1WUZdqyG96hp-oPkIG-mAE&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=57B34C692305107B99F069FB06665FC5B2B5FCC9.6EA01C97E8A3E204A906B26C63752630D4635CA5&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.170 --> 00:00:02.730
- Let's say that you have a car
00:00:02.730 --> 00:00:05.160
that right now is worth about $10,000
00:00:05.160 --> 00:00:08.970
and you don't have $10,000 as a cushion.
00:00:08.970 --> 00:00:11.820
If by chance your car were to get totaled
00:00:11.820 --> 00:00:13.380
or if it were to get stolen
00:00:13.380 --> 00:00:14.670
or something were to happen to it,
00:00:14.670 --> 00:00:16.380
you don't have an extra $10,000
00:00:16.380 --> 00:00:19.470
to then buy another car just like it.
00:00:19.470 --> 00:00:24.000
So one option you have to try to transfer
00:00:24.000 --> 00:00:27.570
some of that risk is to buy car insurance.
00:00:27.570 --> 00:00:29.730
And this video is about
all forms of insurance,
00:00:29.730 --> 00:00:30.563
but I'll just use that
00:00:30.563 --> 00:00:31.980
as an example to just help think
00:00:31.980 --> 00:00:33.960
about how insurance works.
00:00:33.960 --> 00:00:35.841
So what's going to happen
00:00:35.841 --> 00:00:36.900
in that situation is
that you would likely go
00:00:36.900 --> 00:00:38.040
to an insurance agent
00:00:38.040 --> 00:00:38.873
and you're just, like,
00:00:38.873 --> 00:00:41.190
"I would like to insure my car
00:00:41.190 --> 00:00:42.330
in case it gets stolen,
00:00:42.330 --> 00:00:43.593
in case it gets totaled,
00:00:44.460 --> 00:00:46.140
in case something bad happens to it
00:00:46.140 --> 00:00:48.390
and I have to pay a
lot of money for that."
00:00:48.390 --> 00:00:50.310
And so then the agent,
00:00:50.310 --> 00:00:53.130
they might work for an insurance company
00:00:53.130 --> 00:00:55.500
or they might be able to get you quotes
00:00:55.500 --> 00:00:56.940
from many different insurance companies,
00:00:56.940 --> 00:00:59.225
but they'll come back to you and say,
00:00:59.225 --> 00:01:02.310
"Okay, if you pay $200 a year,"
00:01:02.310 --> 00:01:03.510
and I'm making up these numbers,
00:01:03.510 --> 00:01:04.710
these aren't necessarily the types
00:01:04.710 --> 00:01:06.030
of numbers that you will see when you
00:01:06.030 --> 00:01:07.507
when you go to an insurance agent.
00:01:07.507 --> 00:01:09.783
"But if you pay $200 a year,
00:01:09.783 --> 00:01:11.461
we got you covered.
00:01:11.461 --> 00:01:13.380
If anything were to happen
00:01:13.380 --> 00:01:16.440
we will cover the cost of the car."
00:01:16.440 --> 00:01:17.970
You're like, "Okay, I do.
00:01:17.970 --> 00:01:19.590
I can pay $200 a year,"
00:01:19.590 --> 00:01:21.240
and I'm willing to pay $200 a year
00:01:21.240 --> 00:01:23.160
because I don't have $10,000
00:01:23.160 --> 00:01:24.420
if something bad were to happen,
00:01:24.420 --> 00:01:26.190
so I agree to do that.
00:01:26.190 --> 00:01:27.337
Now the question you might have is,
00:01:27.337 --> 00:01:30.000
"Well, how does the insurance
company make money here?"
00:01:30.000 --> 00:01:31.560
Well, they have a whole bunch
00:01:31.560 --> 00:01:33.240
of people looking at the statistics
00:01:33.240 --> 00:01:34.470
of it all, statisticians,
00:01:34.470 --> 00:01:36.060
they're usually called actuaries
00:01:36.060 --> 00:01:37.350
when they're at an insurance company,
00:01:37.350 --> 00:01:39.060
and they look at the probability
00:01:39.060 --> 00:01:40.920
of something like that happening.
00:01:40.920 --> 00:01:42.060
So let's say they decide
00:01:42.060 --> 00:01:44.850
that there's a 1% chance in a given year
00:01:44.850 --> 00:01:48.630
that they are going to
have to pay out $10,000.
00:01:48.630 --> 00:01:50.250
Now, if it was just one person,
00:01:50.250 --> 00:01:52.530
and in that if you're the
only person they insured,
00:01:52.530 --> 00:01:54.051
and in that year you paid $200,
00:01:54.051 --> 00:01:56.460
but they had to pay out 10,000,
00:01:56.460 --> 00:01:58.320
that's not that good of
a business, (chuckles)
00:01:58.320 --> 00:01:59.790
or at least for that year
00:01:59.790 --> 00:02:02.250
they would've obviously
lost a lot of money.
00:02:02.250 --> 00:02:03.750
But the way the insurance companies work
00:02:03.750 --> 00:02:04.583
through it is that
00:02:04.583 --> 00:02:06.330
they're actually insuring
millions of people
00:02:06.330 --> 00:02:08.070
and they're working on percentages.
00:02:08.070 --> 00:02:12.000
So for example, if across
millions of people,
00:02:12.000 --> 00:02:14.040
all of them are paying $200
00:02:14.040 --> 00:02:15.660
and there's a 1% chance
00:02:15.660 --> 00:02:18.600
of having to pay out $10,000,
00:02:18.600 --> 00:02:20.514
well that means on average 1%
00:02:20.514 --> 00:02:23.340
of $10,000 is $100,
00:02:23.340 --> 00:02:25.080
on average, they're gonna be paying
00:02:25.080 --> 00:02:26.746
out about $100 per insured person
00:02:26.746 --> 00:02:28.770
who's just like that,
00:02:28.770 --> 00:02:30.510
and if they're getting $200,
00:02:30.510 --> 00:02:31.650
well then they're going to be
00:02:31.650 --> 00:02:35.520
on average making about a $100 profit.
00:02:35.520 --> 00:02:37.170
People are paying $200,
00:02:37.170 --> 00:02:38.190
that's called the premium,
00:02:38.190 --> 00:02:40.290
what you pay the insurance company,
00:02:40.290 --> 00:02:44.250
and then their actual
statistical cost is $100.
00:02:44.250 --> 00:02:46.020
So that's how they would
actually make money.
00:02:46.020 --> 00:02:48.870
Now, let's say one of these
bad scenarios happens to you,
00:02:48.870 --> 00:02:49.950
your car gets stolen,
00:02:49.950 --> 00:02:51.840
it gets totaled in some way,
00:02:51.840 --> 00:02:53.790
well, then you would make a claim
00:02:53.790 --> 00:02:55.560
to your insurance company,
00:02:55.560 --> 00:02:57.300
usually, someone there would
00:02:57.300 --> 00:02:58.964
then investigate the claim
00:02:58.964 --> 00:03:00.630
if you made a police report
00:03:00.630 --> 00:03:01.740
they would take a look at that,
00:03:01.740 --> 00:03:02.573
they would interview you,
00:03:02.573 --> 00:03:05.310
make sure that you're not
committing insurance fraud,
00:03:05.310 --> 00:03:06.480
which is like, you know,
00:03:06.480 --> 00:03:07.860
you made the car disappear
00:03:07.860 --> 00:03:09.390
but it really didn't disappear.
00:03:09.390 --> 00:03:12.060
Don't do that, highly, highly illegal,
00:03:12.060 --> 00:03:13.830
you will get into trouble for that.
00:03:13.830 --> 00:03:15.630
But then if it's a legitimate claim
00:03:15.630 --> 00:03:18.870
then they will then
make the payout to you.
00:03:18.870 --> 00:03:20.190
So think about insurance,
00:03:20.190 --> 00:03:21.630
but also think about, you know,
00:03:21.630 --> 00:03:24.450
how they're benefiting
and how you can benefit.
00:03:24.450 --> 00:03:25.680
And also try to shop
00:03:25.680 --> 00:03:28.020
around for different types
of insurance policies.
00:03:28.020 --> 00:03:30.600
You'll often see some
pretty dramatic differences
00:03:30.600 --> 00:03:32.280
in the price of the premium,
00:03:32.280 --> 00:03:34.320
that's that $200 a year
00:03:34.320 --> 00:03:35.583
that I just talked about.
|
Ways to manage financial risk | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YmB8h9eEPMw | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=YmB8h9eEPMw&ei=n1WUZf2LGsX5vdIP4eWymAE&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=779E959275A948E7FB240A21DEB4C93D088DF89A.124C539183D5DF1BE24F66EFA78F70EC6E222166&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.870 --> 00:00:02.970
- So let's talk a little
bit about the different ways
00:00:02.970 --> 00:00:04.410
that you can manage risk.
00:00:04.410 --> 00:00:06.630
And it's generally gonna
fall into a few categories.
00:00:06.630 --> 00:00:09.060
You can obviously try to
avoid the risk altogether
00:00:09.060 --> 00:00:10.560
or reduce it.
00:00:10.560 --> 00:00:12.750
You could say, "All
right, that risk is there
00:00:12.750 --> 00:00:14.250
and I'm gonna retain the risk.
00:00:14.250 --> 00:00:15.360
And then how can I manage that?"
00:00:15.360 --> 00:00:18.330
Or you can actually transfer
that risk to someone else.
00:00:18.330 --> 00:00:19.560
And we're gonna talk about all of those.
00:00:19.560 --> 00:00:21.810
So let's just pick a
particular type of risk.
00:00:21.810 --> 00:00:23.790
Let's just say, one risk,
00:00:23.790 --> 00:00:26.010
one financial risk is your loss of income.
00:00:26.010 --> 00:00:27.660
What happens if you lose your job?
00:00:27.660 --> 00:00:28.830
Or if you run a business,
00:00:28.830 --> 00:00:30.420
what happens if the business goes under
00:00:30.420 --> 00:00:33.450
or it has lower income
for some period of time?
00:00:33.450 --> 00:00:35.010
Well, the first strategy is obviously
00:00:35.010 --> 00:00:36.570
to avoid that as much as possible
00:00:36.570 --> 00:00:39.180
or to reduce the probability
of that as much as possible.
00:00:39.180 --> 00:00:42.870
So if you're at a job, try
to perform well at your job
00:00:42.870 --> 00:00:46.650
so if they're firing folks
or if they're doing layoffs,
00:00:46.650 --> 00:00:49.590
you are a crucial employee
that they can't let go.
00:00:49.590 --> 00:00:51.480
That is a good way of avoiding
00:00:51.480 --> 00:00:53.010
or at least reducing your risk.
00:00:53.010 --> 00:00:54.630
You can't completely avoid your risk.
00:00:54.630 --> 00:00:56.280
Things happen in the economy.
00:00:56.280 --> 00:00:57.750
No matter how good you are at work,
00:00:57.750 --> 00:01:01.110
sometimes you can get
fired, you can get laid off.
00:01:01.110 --> 00:01:02.640
So always keep that in mind.
00:01:02.640 --> 00:01:05.970
But obviously, we all wanna
reduce that as much as possible.
00:01:05.970 --> 00:01:07.530
Now that risk is there.
00:01:07.530 --> 00:01:09.030
You're not gonna be able
to completely get it.
00:01:09.030 --> 00:01:10.860
So to some degree, you are going to retain
00:01:10.860 --> 00:01:13.020
some of that financial risk.
00:01:13.020 --> 00:01:15.570
And if you're taking
that financial risk on,
00:01:15.570 --> 00:01:16.860
as we've talked about in the other videos,
00:01:16.860 --> 00:01:21.150
one of the best ways to protect
yourself is by saving money.
00:01:21.150 --> 00:01:22.290
And I would say a combination:
00:01:22.290 --> 00:01:24.570
saving money and living below your means
00:01:24.570 --> 00:01:26.190
or having a very quick way
00:01:26.190 --> 00:01:28.110
of being able to live below your means
00:01:28.110 --> 00:01:31.320
if by chance you were to lose your income.
00:01:31.320 --> 00:01:33.240
Because if you do that,
you have more time.
00:01:33.240 --> 00:01:34.680
You could live off of your savings,
00:01:34.680 --> 00:01:36.450
especially if you don't
spend a lot to live,
00:01:36.450 --> 00:01:39.900
and you have time to
transition to something else.
00:01:39.900 --> 00:01:41.760
Now you can also transfer
the risk to others
00:01:41.760 --> 00:01:45.210
and that's usually through
some form of insurance.
00:01:45.210 --> 00:01:48.240
There is government unemployment benefits,
00:01:48.240 --> 00:01:50.610
but oftentimes that's
not going to be enough
00:01:50.610 --> 00:01:52.560
to cover your expenses.
00:01:52.560 --> 00:01:56.010
And there are other types
of unemployment insurance
00:01:56.010 --> 00:01:57.570
that you might be able to get
00:01:57.570 --> 00:01:59.640
that's a little bit less common
00:01:59.640 --> 00:02:01.740
for people to get unemployment insurance
00:02:01.740 --> 00:02:02.610
above and beyond that.
00:02:02.610 --> 00:02:06.180
So most folks are usually, when
it comes to loss of income,
00:02:06.180 --> 00:02:09.510
let's avoid it or minimize
the chances of that happening,
00:02:09.510 --> 00:02:11.760
but then also create a nest egg.
00:02:11.760 --> 00:02:12.780
There's other forms of risk
00:02:12.780 --> 00:02:15.090
that we've talked about like liability.
00:02:15.090 --> 00:02:16.966
What happens if someone sues you
00:02:16.966 --> 00:02:20.670
because you know there's a car
accident and you're at fault,
00:02:20.670 --> 00:02:23.460
or at least the judge
decides that you're at fault
00:02:23.460 --> 00:02:26.550
and then you owe them a
lot of money in a lawsuit?
00:02:26.550 --> 00:02:28.770
Well, once again, the best thing to do
00:02:28.770 --> 00:02:30.150
is to avoid or reduce.
00:02:30.150 --> 00:02:31.920
Now you can't avoid that risk completely
00:02:31.920 --> 00:02:33.780
unless you're willing to just not travel
00:02:33.780 --> 00:02:35.520
or not drive or anything like that.
00:02:35.520 --> 00:02:39.450
But you can reduce it by
driving safely, conscientiously,
00:02:39.450 --> 00:02:41.760
not texting while you're in the car
00:02:41.760 --> 00:02:44.340
so that you're very
unlikely to be at fault
00:02:44.340 --> 00:02:45.690
if there's any type of accident.
00:02:45.690 --> 00:02:46.920
You are a defensive driver.
00:02:46.920 --> 00:02:49.773
That's always should be
the first line of attack.
00:02:50.640 --> 00:02:51.990
But then on top of that,
00:02:51.990 --> 00:02:55.380
if you could retain some
of that risk, obviously,
00:02:55.380 --> 00:02:59.160
and the best way to manage
that is save money, et cetera,
00:02:59.160 --> 00:03:00.720
so that if something were happen,
00:03:00.720 --> 00:03:03.780
it's not gonna be the end of
the world for you financially.
00:03:03.780 --> 00:03:06.600
And what many folks do
for that type of risk,
00:03:06.600 --> 00:03:07.530
and sometimes by law,
00:03:07.530 --> 00:03:08.730
in fact, in many states you have
00:03:08.730 --> 00:03:10.950
to have liability insurance.
00:03:10.950 --> 00:03:13.770
And so then you are paying
an insurance company
00:03:13.770 --> 00:03:17.490
to transfer some or a lot
of that risk of liability,
00:03:17.490 --> 00:03:21.930
it's usually capped to some
amount, to an insurance company.
00:03:21.930 --> 00:03:23.430
And I recommend that as well,
00:03:23.430 --> 00:03:26.460
especially for things like liability.
00:03:26.460 --> 00:03:28.710
So once again, just
always have that in front.
00:03:28.710 --> 00:03:30.660
Okay, what are my risks?
00:03:30.660 --> 00:03:32.820
Where can I completely avoid them?
00:03:32.820 --> 00:03:34.440
Usually you can't completely avoid them,
00:03:34.440 --> 00:03:36.690
but you can at least
minimize them a little bit
00:03:36.690 --> 00:03:37.620
or reduce them.
00:03:37.620 --> 00:03:40.110
And then above and beyond that,
00:03:40.110 --> 00:03:42.330
since those risks are hopefully
just going to be reduced,
00:03:42.330 --> 00:03:43.350
but they're still there,
00:03:43.350 --> 00:03:44.880
how much do you take it on yourself?
00:03:44.880 --> 00:03:47.580
And to manage that, you probably
need to have some savings
00:03:47.580 --> 00:03:49.080
or how much do you transfer to others?
00:03:49.080 --> 00:03:51.637
And that's probably paying
someone to ensure that,
00:03:51.637 --> 00:03:52.950
"Hey, if that thing happened
00:03:52.950 --> 00:03:55.947
that insurance company's got
my back to a certain degree."
|
Types of financial risk | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJQrJuiVK60 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=DJQrJuiVK60&ei=n1WUZYryIIyahcIPz5aTiA8&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=DF56E5627BD95AC4A0BCAD1C7AC91CFE878C2F08.7A3B8F5BCC397BE06551EB4E11938ACFD5D45D6B&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.080 --> 00:00:02.670
- So let's talk about
what I would consider
00:00:02.670 --> 00:00:04.500
a little bit of a downer topic,
00:00:04.500 --> 00:00:06.780
and then that's a financial risk.
00:00:06.780 --> 00:00:08.310
And I'll just tell you about the things
00:00:08.310 --> 00:00:10.260
that I worry about.
00:00:10.260 --> 00:00:11.430
First and foremost,
00:00:11.430 --> 00:00:14.040
what happens if I lose my job?
00:00:14.040 --> 00:00:15.750
And maybe it's a bad economy,
00:00:15.750 --> 00:00:17.100
and I have trouble getting a job,
00:00:17.100 --> 00:00:18.600
or I have trouble getting a job
00:00:18.600 --> 00:00:20.820
that's at the same level of income.
00:00:20.820 --> 00:00:22.290
What will I and my family
00:00:22.290 --> 00:00:23.730
then do to support ourselves?
00:00:23.730 --> 00:00:25.020
How will we pay our mortgage?
00:00:25.020 --> 00:00:27.330
How will we pay down
other things that we need?
00:00:27.330 --> 00:00:30.240
How will we pay for food, et cetera.
00:00:30.240 --> 00:00:32.550
And in general, that type of risk.
00:00:32.550 --> 00:00:34.830
I think the best way to mitigate it
00:00:34.830 --> 00:00:37.530
if it happens is to have a nest egg
00:00:37.530 --> 00:00:40.170
to start saving money so that you can have
00:00:40.170 --> 00:00:43.350
several months to live off of it ideally,
00:00:43.350 --> 00:00:45.180
so that you have time to find a job,
00:00:45.180 --> 00:00:46.830
and you have a little bit of a cushion.
00:00:46.830 --> 00:00:48.060
If you need to downsize,
00:00:48.060 --> 00:00:50.910
it allows you to transition there.
00:00:50.910 --> 00:00:53.190
Another thing that I worry about is,
00:00:53.190 --> 00:00:55.830
well, what if something not losing my job,
00:00:55.830 --> 00:00:58.110
but what if I get injured in some way?
00:00:58.110 --> 00:00:59.730
What if I fall sick
00:00:59.730 --> 00:01:02.070
or what if someone I
care about falls sick,
00:01:02.070 --> 00:01:05.670
and they need help with
their medical bills?
00:01:05.670 --> 00:01:07.140
That could be a very, very,
00:01:07.140 --> 00:01:09.270
very significant expense.
00:01:09.270 --> 00:01:11.400
Now, things like illness
00:01:11.400 --> 00:01:13.710
or if I were to somehow
get disabled somehow,
00:01:13.710 --> 00:01:14.940
so I can't work,
00:01:14.940 --> 00:01:16.980
there are sometimes insurances for that,
00:01:16.980 --> 00:01:19.620
especially things like
disability insurance,
00:01:19.620 --> 00:01:22.380
but once again, probably
the the best option.
00:01:22.380 --> 00:01:24.000
You might be able to get some insurance,
00:01:24.000 --> 00:01:25.890
but also to have a nest egg
00:01:25.890 --> 00:01:27.660
to save some money so that
00:01:27.660 --> 00:01:29.490
in case something were to happen,
00:01:29.490 --> 00:01:30.840
where the income gets interrupted
00:01:30.840 --> 00:01:33.540
either for yourself or
your partner or others,
00:01:33.540 --> 00:01:37.830
that you have a cushion
to support you in that.
00:01:37.830 --> 00:01:40.170
But there are many, many
other types of risks.
00:01:40.170 --> 00:01:41.003
As I said,
00:01:41.003 --> 00:01:43.050
this is going to be a downer conversation.
00:01:43.050 --> 00:01:44.100
There's the risk of death.
00:01:44.100 --> 00:01:45.390
And I know what some
of y'all are thinking.
00:01:45.390 --> 00:01:47.160
I thought this a little
bit when I was young.
00:01:47.160 --> 00:01:48.024
Well, once I die,
00:01:48.024 --> 00:01:51.990
you know, why would I worry about finances
00:01:51.990 --> 00:01:53.280
at that that point?
00:01:53.280 --> 00:01:54.630
Well, there might be people
00:01:54.630 --> 00:01:57.060
who are dependent on
you that you care about,
00:01:57.060 --> 00:01:59.100
that you want to still
be in a good situation.
00:01:59.100 --> 00:02:01.020
And you know, I for example,
00:02:01.020 --> 00:02:01.950
once I had kids,
00:02:01.950 --> 00:02:03.420
I completely understood
00:02:03.420 --> 00:02:04.860
the point of life insurance.
00:02:04.860 --> 00:02:08.070
And so one, you can once again save money.
00:02:08.070 --> 00:02:09.750
Saving money is usually a good solution
00:02:09.750 --> 00:02:11.640
for many, many, many, many things.
00:02:11.640 --> 00:02:12.780
But on top of that, you know,
00:02:12.780 --> 00:02:15.930
I just recently extended
my life insurance policy
00:02:15.930 --> 00:02:17.400
so that if anything were to happen to me,
00:02:17.400 --> 00:02:19.680
obviously our income would go away.
00:02:19.680 --> 00:02:21.870
My wife might need more help,
00:02:21.870 --> 00:02:24.480
help being able to raise the family.
00:02:24.480 --> 00:02:26.130
So I have a life insurance policy
00:02:26.130 --> 00:02:27.660
to help in that situation.
00:02:27.660 --> 00:02:28.830
So if I were to pass,
00:02:28.830 --> 00:02:30.630
the insurance company would pay
00:02:30.630 --> 00:02:33.510
my family money to help them out.
00:02:33.510 --> 00:02:35.400
And I will say that even savings,
00:02:35.400 --> 00:02:39.090
and investment come with
some financial risk.
00:02:39.090 --> 00:02:40.800
You can lose money on your savings
00:02:40.800 --> 00:02:43.890
or especially on your investment.
00:02:43.890 --> 00:02:45.930
The stock market can go down.
00:02:45.930 --> 00:02:47.490
You might have a lot of your savings.
00:02:47.490 --> 00:02:48.570
In fact, most people do
00:02:48.570 --> 00:02:51.420
have a lot of their wealth in their house,
00:02:51.420 --> 00:02:55.200
and housing prices can sometimes go down.
00:02:55.200 --> 00:02:57.090
So that is a real risk.
00:02:57.090 --> 00:02:58.140
And even with savings,
00:02:58.140 --> 00:02:59.520
if there's a lot of inflation,
00:02:59.520 --> 00:03:01.080
and your money's just sitting in the bank
00:03:01.080 --> 00:03:02.130
getting less interest
00:03:02.130 --> 00:03:03.540
than the amount of inflation
00:03:03.540 --> 00:03:06.120
that there's there, then in actual ability
00:03:06.120 --> 00:03:07.380
to buy things with that money,
00:03:07.380 --> 00:03:08.760
it could be going down.
00:03:08.760 --> 00:03:11.280
So there's even a risk there.
00:03:11.280 --> 00:03:14.100
So generally speaking, it you know,
00:03:14.100 --> 00:03:15.240
I don't want you to get too anxious
00:03:15.240 --> 00:03:17.490
or paranoid about financial risk,
00:03:17.490 --> 00:03:20.280
but it's healthy to be
aware of all of the risks
00:03:20.280 --> 00:03:21.240
that might be out there.
00:03:21.240 --> 00:03:22.830
I didn't list all of them.
00:03:22.830 --> 00:03:24.480
And the general mechanisms
00:03:24.480 --> 00:03:27.570
you're going to have to make sure that
00:03:27.570 --> 00:03:28.860
that you have some cushion in life
00:03:28.860 --> 00:03:32.010
is ideally saving and
then you might be able
00:03:32.010 --> 00:03:33.780
to get insurance for certain things.
00:03:33.780 --> 00:03:34.980
And there's other types of risk.
00:03:34.980 --> 00:03:35.910
I mean the more I think about it,
00:03:35.910 --> 00:03:37.290
unfortunately, it's easy
to think of other words.
00:03:37.290 --> 00:03:38.370
There's liability.
00:03:38.370 --> 00:03:39.900
If you got into a car accident
00:03:39.900 --> 00:03:41.100
and and you're in the wrong,
00:03:41.100 --> 00:03:42.810
and someone sues you,
00:03:42.810 --> 00:03:45.180
you could owe a lot of money to them.
00:03:45.180 --> 00:03:47.100
And once again, there's
insurances for that.
00:03:47.100 --> 00:03:48.540
Liability insurance.
00:03:48.540 --> 00:03:50.820
But if it goes above and beyond
00:03:50.820 --> 00:03:51.900
the insurance cap,
00:03:51.900 --> 00:03:54.616
or if you didn't have insurance,
00:03:54.616 --> 00:03:57.660
people could go bankrupt over a liability
00:03:57.660 --> 00:03:58.620
or owing someone.
00:03:58.620 --> 00:03:59.760
You could have property damage.
00:03:59.760 --> 00:04:01.320
Let's say your house
gets struck by lightning
00:04:01.320 --> 00:04:02.580
or burns down and you didn't have
00:04:02.580 --> 00:04:03.660
insurance on it,
00:04:03.660 --> 00:04:06.240
well that can really hurt you financially.
00:04:06.240 --> 00:04:09.240
So once again, think about the risks.
00:04:09.240 --> 00:04:11.640
Don't, don't have too
many sleepless nights
00:04:11.640 --> 00:04:12.473
about them.
00:04:12.473 --> 00:04:14.010
I try not to.
00:04:14.010 --> 00:04:15.930
But best thing is to just think about
00:04:15.930 --> 00:04:19.110
where you can be insured
and it's reasonable.
00:04:19.110 --> 00:04:20.610
Think about where you can save money,
00:04:20.610 --> 00:04:22.800
and then also be very careful
00:04:22.800 --> 00:04:24.210
so that some of these risks
00:04:24.210 --> 00:04:25.380
don't hap happen to you.
00:04:25.380 --> 00:04:27.630
Like you know, take precautions
00:04:27.630 --> 00:04:29.700
so that hopefully you don't have liability
00:04:29.700 --> 00:04:31.230
or take precautions so that
00:04:31.230 --> 00:04:32.910
someone can't steal your identity
00:04:32.910 --> 00:04:33.960
or steal your credit card,
00:04:33.960 --> 00:04:34.793
and take money from you.
00:04:34.793 --> 00:04:35.820
That's another financial risk.
00:04:35.820 --> 00:04:37.350
And that one is, well,
00:04:37.350 --> 00:04:39.060
there is some identity theft insurance,
00:04:39.060 --> 00:04:39.960
and things like that,
00:04:39.960 --> 00:04:40.793
but that you know,
00:04:40.793 --> 00:04:42.660
the best thing to do
is just to be careful.
00:04:42.660 --> 00:04:43.920
So be careful out there.
00:04:43.920 --> 00:04:45.840
Save your money and you might wanna
00:04:45.840 --> 00:04:47.840
think about insurance where appropriate.
|
Insurance terminology | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6R35yGrsgQ | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=d6R35yGrsgQ&ei=n1WUZafwIpmjp-oP0LS14Aw&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=4D8DF55A17BCFB5C68149D8B8F934D0E8CE14F6E.B22B321B120C7E86A9428DDD68977E1F2EBED128&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.282 --> 00:00:02.580
- Now let's talk about some of the words
00:00:02.580 --> 00:00:05.700
you're likely to hear if
you're dealing with insurance.
00:00:05.700 --> 00:00:09.900
So the first one is a premium
or an insurance premium,
00:00:09.900 --> 00:00:11.670
and that's really just what you're paying
00:00:11.670 --> 00:00:13.560
in order to get the insurance.
00:00:13.560 --> 00:00:18.560
So if you pay, let's say $200
a month for health insurance,
00:00:18.960 --> 00:00:21.870
that $200 a month is your premium.
00:00:21.870 --> 00:00:23.190
Now the other number
00:00:23.190 --> 00:00:26.370
or the other word you'll
hear a lot is deductible.
00:00:26.370 --> 00:00:28.020
Now this is an amount of money
00:00:28.020 --> 00:00:30.090
that you're going to have to pay
00:00:30.090 --> 00:00:31.950
and then only when you
get above that amount,
00:00:31.950 --> 00:00:33.690
then the insurance kicks in.
00:00:33.690 --> 00:00:38.190
So let's say your health
insurance has a $5,000 deductible,
00:00:38.190 --> 00:00:40.530
and let's say you have to
go through some type of,
00:00:40.530 --> 00:00:41.790
and let's say it's the
beginning of the year.
00:00:41.790 --> 00:00:43.650
Usually it's based on a calendar year,
00:00:43.650 --> 00:00:46.650
and you have to get some
type of healthcare done,
00:00:46.650 --> 00:00:48.630
and it costs $2,000.
00:00:48.630 --> 00:00:51.900
Well, you're going to pay
that $2,000 out of pocket.
00:00:51.900 --> 00:00:54.110
You're going to pay that yourself,
00:00:54.110 --> 00:00:56.490
because you haven't
hit the deductible yet.
00:00:56.490 --> 00:00:58.260
Let's say you have to
go in that same year,
00:00:58.260 --> 00:01:01.230
do another thing that costs $3,000.
00:01:01.230 --> 00:01:04.050
Once again, you're going
to pay that out of pocket,
00:01:04.050 --> 00:01:05.070
which is just another way of saying
00:01:05.070 --> 00:01:06.570
you're gonna pay that yourself.
00:01:06.570 --> 00:01:07.740
It's not gonna come through insurance,
00:01:07.740 --> 00:01:10.754
but so far you have paid $5,000,
00:01:10.754 --> 00:01:13.950
$2,000 for the first thing,
$3,000 for the second thing.
00:01:13.950 --> 00:01:15.990
And now if you were to go
00:01:15.990 --> 00:01:19.560
and let's say have to get a
another $5,000 procedure done
00:01:19.560 --> 00:01:20.670
in that same year,
00:01:20.670 --> 00:01:22.740
now the insurance will kick in
00:01:22.740 --> 00:01:24.540
because you used up your deductible.
00:01:24.540 --> 00:01:27.060
So if there's a $5,000 deductible,
00:01:27.060 --> 00:01:28.560
and you'll see it on health insurance,
00:01:28.560 --> 00:01:29.880
you'll see it on car insurance.
00:01:29.880 --> 00:01:31.320
You pay that first amount,
00:01:31.320 --> 00:01:33.960
and then the insurance kicks
in above and beyond that.
00:01:33.960 --> 00:01:34.793
Now you might say,
00:01:34.793 --> 00:01:36.690
"Well, why would I ever
have or want a deductible?"
00:01:36.690 --> 00:01:39.240
Well, usually the higher the deductible,
00:01:39.240 --> 00:01:40.980
the lower your premium.
00:01:40.980 --> 00:01:42.000
You usually have to pay less
00:01:42.000 --> 00:01:44.400
for insurance that has a high deductible.
00:01:44.400 --> 00:01:46.140
From an insurance company's point of view,
00:01:46.140 --> 00:01:48.630
they say, "Okay, the deductible
is kind of an incentive
00:01:48.630 --> 00:01:51.630
for you to not necessarily
use this service,
00:01:51.630 --> 00:01:53.730
you know, get your car
in a wreck all the time,
00:01:53.730 --> 00:01:56.490
or necessarily have to go
to healthcare all the time."
00:01:56.490 --> 00:01:57.570
And from your point of view,
00:01:57.570 --> 00:01:59.130
you might say, "Hey, you know what?
00:01:59.130 --> 00:02:01.590
I really, I'm willing
to take a deductible,
00:02:01.590 --> 00:02:02.850
because at the end of the day,
00:02:02.850 --> 00:02:04.560
insurance is really for
00:02:04.560 --> 00:02:07.860
if the bills become really,
really, really large."
00:02:07.860 --> 00:02:08.880
So just another example.
00:02:08.880 --> 00:02:12.600
Let's say your car insurance
has a $5,000 deductible.
00:02:12.600 --> 00:02:14.268
Well, I'll use a different number.
00:02:14.268 --> 00:02:17.940
Let's say your car insurance
has a $1,000 deductible,
00:02:17.940 --> 00:02:21.060
and then you were to get into
some type of a fender bender,
00:02:21.060 --> 00:02:22.357
and the mechanic says,
00:02:22.357 --> 00:02:25.470
"It's gonna cost $3,000
to repair this car."
00:02:25.470 --> 00:02:28.290
Well, then you would file a claim
00:02:28.290 --> 00:02:29.250
with your insurance company,
00:02:29.250 --> 00:02:30.570
that's saying, "Hey, something happened.
00:02:30.570 --> 00:02:32.040
I'm gonna need to get
paid out a little bit,
00:02:32.040 --> 00:02:33.870
'cause I've been paying
this premium all this time."
00:02:33.870 --> 00:02:35.850
And the insurance company
says, "Okay, we'll pay it,
00:02:35.850 --> 00:02:37.650
but you have a $1,000 deductible.
00:02:37.650 --> 00:02:40.440
So you pay that $1,000 out of pocket,
00:02:40.440 --> 00:02:43.320
and then we are going to
pay the remaining $2,000
00:02:43.320 --> 00:02:46.980
for that total of $3,000 for the repair."
00:02:46.980 --> 00:02:49.590
Now, the last thing I'll talk about is,
00:02:49.590 --> 00:02:51.780
there's oftentimes some type of limit
00:02:51.780 --> 00:02:54.540
to the insurance policy,
00:02:54.540 --> 00:02:57.120
or sometimes they'll
call it a policy limit,
00:02:57.120 --> 00:02:58.590
and that's this idea
00:02:58.590 --> 00:03:01.650
that the insurance might cover
you up to a certain amount.
00:03:01.650 --> 00:03:03.270
So let's say you have liability insurance.
00:03:03.270 --> 00:03:04.290
That's really just insurance
00:03:04.290 --> 00:03:07.500
in case someone sues you
for doing something wrong.
00:03:07.500 --> 00:03:08.880
Usually that has a limit to it,
00:03:08.880 --> 00:03:11.010
so it might have a $100,000 limit
00:03:11.010 --> 00:03:13.050
or $500,000, whatever it means.
00:03:13.050 --> 00:03:15.540
And what that means is,
let's say someone sues you,
00:03:15.540 --> 00:03:17.490
and if the court decides
00:03:17.490 --> 00:03:19.650
that you have to pay them $100,000,
00:03:19.650 --> 00:03:21.240
let's say your limit is $100,000,
00:03:21.240 --> 00:03:24.210
then the insurance company
will pay the $100,000.
00:03:24.210 --> 00:03:25.290
But let's say the court decides
00:03:25.290 --> 00:03:27.780
that you owe that other
person who just sued you
00:03:27.780 --> 00:03:29.910
for some type of liability.
00:03:29.910 --> 00:03:32.460
Let's say you have to owe them $125,000.
00:03:32.460 --> 00:03:34.950
Well, then the insurance company
will go up to the 100,000
00:03:34.950 --> 00:03:36.360
and then you're gonna have to pay
00:03:36.360 --> 00:03:39.420
that other $25,000 out of pocket.
00:03:39.420 --> 00:03:41.620
One last word now that
I really think about,
00:03:42.480 --> 00:03:44.940
is the notion of a copay,
00:03:44.940 --> 00:03:46.980
and you're gonna see a copay a lot
00:03:46.980 --> 00:03:48.570
when you're thinking
about health insurance,
00:03:48.570 --> 00:03:50.910
whether it's health insurance
or dental insurance.
00:03:50.910 --> 00:03:52.500
And that's this idea that
00:03:52.500 --> 00:03:54.240
let's say you go for
your regular checkups,
00:03:54.240 --> 00:03:56.340
either your dental checkups
or your healthcare checkups.
00:03:56.340 --> 00:03:58.800
You might see copays at other places.
00:03:58.800 --> 00:04:02.820
The actual cost of that
checkup might be three or $400,
00:04:02.820 --> 00:04:04.560
and the insurance company
says, "You know what?
00:04:04.560 --> 00:04:06.450
We will cover some of this,
00:04:06.450 --> 00:04:07.620
what we'll call preventative care,"
00:04:07.620 --> 00:04:09.180
which is care that, you know, checkups,
00:04:09.180 --> 00:04:10.140
make sure you don't get sicker.
00:04:10.140 --> 00:04:12.240
And it makes sense for
insurance companies to do that,
00:04:12.240 --> 00:04:13.440
because the sicker you get,
00:04:13.440 --> 00:04:16.050
the more expensive your
health bills could get.
00:04:16.050 --> 00:04:17.077
But they say,
00:04:17.077 --> 00:04:20.190
"There is some amount that
you have to pay alongside us,"
00:04:20.190 --> 00:04:21.600
so that's what the copay is.
00:04:21.600 --> 00:04:24.420
So for example, with my health insurance,
00:04:24.420 --> 00:04:28.320
I go, I get a checkup, I
have to pay a $20 copay.
00:04:28.320 --> 00:04:29.700
It might cost a few hundred dollars
00:04:29.700 --> 00:04:30.900
of what the insurance company's paying,
00:04:30.900 --> 00:04:33.720
but I pay $20 alongside that.
00:04:33.720 --> 00:04:36.600
So hopefully you're a little
bit more knowledgeable
00:04:36.600 --> 00:04:37.830
about some of the words of insurance.
00:04:37.830 --> 00:04:39.930
I obviously, I didn't
know all of these words
00:04:39.930 --> 00:04:41.550
until, honestly, I had left college
00:04:41.550 --> 00:04:43.650
and I had to get insurance myself.
00:04:43.650 --> 00:04:44.670
So if you already know these,
00:04:44.670 --> 00:04:45.780
and especially if you haven't got,
00:04:45.780 --> 00:04:47.400
you know, if you're younger,
00:04:47.400 --> 00:04:49.200
you're very much ahead of the curve.
|
Car insurance basics | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWEiafGi4QE | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=cWEiafGi4QE&ei=n1WUZZ_ZGpGMvdIP1KuSwAU&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=649A24891C41F87037858C0D48A3F7A1770EB48B.B4BFA4AA976E29C308B58D4A1E3FA69A86546F32&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.230 --> 00:00:04.740
- So cars are something
that usually involves
00:00:04.740 --> 00:00:06.000
some type of insurance.
00:00:06.000 --> 00:00:10.320
One cars are a pretty expensive
asset that many of us own.
00:00:10.320 --> 00:00:13.050
The other issue is cars are
driving around pretty fast
00:00:13.050 --> 00:00:16.440
and they can actually cause
a lot of damage to property
00:00:16.440 --> 00:00:18.150
or to people.
00:00:18.150 --> 00:00:19.740
And so the first thing to think about
00:00:19.740 --> 00:00:22.170
of any type of insurance
is what's the premium?
00:00:22.170 --> 00:00:23.430
What do you pay for that insurance?
00:00:23.430 --> 00:00:25.950
And then what's the deductible?
00:00:25.950 --> 00:00:28.260
Remember, in other videos we
talk about that deductible.
00:00:28.260 --> 00:00:30.060
If you have a $5,000 deductible
00:00:30.060 --> 00:00:32.580
that means you have to spend
the first $5,000 yourself.
00:00:32.580 --> 00:00:34.320
People will often say that's out of pocket
00:00:34.320 --> 00:00:36.270
and then the insurance kicks in.
00:00:36.270 --> 00:00:38.760
Usually the higher the deductible
00:00:38.760 --> 00:00:40.440
for a given amount of coverage
00:00:40.440 --> 00:00:42.780
or depending on the different
dimensions of coverage,
00:00:42.780 --> 00:00:44.460
the lower the premium's going to be
00:00:44.460 --> 00:00:45.960
because the insurance company feels like,
00:00:45.960 --> 00:00:47.250
well, yeah it's gonna be less likely
00:00:47.250 --> 00:00:49.230
that we're going to have
to pay for something.
00:00:49.230 --> 00:00:51.330
But then above and beyond
premiums and deductibles
00:00:51.330 --> 00:00:53.010
there's a lot of different dimensions
00:00:53.010 --> 00:00:54.750
of automobile insurance.
00:00:54.750 --> 00:00:57.570
The first dimension is that of liability.
00:00:57.570 --> 00:00:59.160
And liability really matters
00:00:59.160 --> 00:01:02.850
because a car might cost
tens of thousands of dollars
00:01:02.850 --> 00:01:05.850
but if heaven forbid you
were to run into someone
00:01:05.850 --> 00:01:07.620
or cause damage to someone else,
00:01:07.620 --> 00:01:11.940
especially if they could
get really hurt or worse
00:01:11.940 --> 00:01:16.590
you could be liable for hundreds
of thousands of dollars.
00:01:16.590 --> 00:01:19.620
So it could be much more
expensive than the car itself.
00:01:19.620 --> 00:01:21.720
And many states actually require you
00:01:21.720 --> 00:01:24.060
to actually have liability insurance,
00:01:24.060 --> 00:01:25.620
even if you aren't required,
00:01:25.620 --> 00:01:29.040
I highly recommend that you
have liability insurance
00:01:29.040 --> 00:01:30.630
and no matter how carefully you drive
00:01:30.630 --> 00:01:33.930
and I do recommend you drive
carefully, accidents do happen.
00:01:33.930 --> 00:01:35.670
People clearly get hurt on the road,
00:01:35.670 --> 00:01:37.380
and if someone were to sue you
00:01:37.380 --> 00:01:38.970
and you were to lose a lawsuit
00:01:38.970 --> 00:01:40.230
that would cost a lot of money.
00:01:40.230 --> 00:01:41.850
And even if you don't lose the lawsuit
00:01:41.850 --> 00:01:43.800
the legal expenses can be a lot.
00:01:43.800 --> 00:01:47.010
So having liability
insurance can help out there.
00:01:47.010 --> 00:01:49.380
Now, beyond liability, obviously,
00:01:49.380 --> 00:01:51.480
what most people think of when
they think of car insurance
00:01:51.480 --> 00:01:53.250
is your car gets into an accident,
00:01:53.250 --> 00:01:55.170
there is some damage involved,
00:01:55.170 --> 00:01:57.030
how do you repair that damage?
00:01:57.030 --> 00:01:59.280
So that is collision insurance
00:01:59.280 --> 00:02:00.577
and many car insurances, they'll say,
00:02:00.577 --> 00:02:02.430
"Okay, we're gonna cover
liability for this much.
00:02:02.430 --> 00:02:04.110
We're gonna cover collision for this much.
00:02:04.110 --> 00:02:06.360
And that's pure if you get in an accident,
00:02:06.360 --> 00:02:07.920
you are covered for that."
00:02:07.920 --> 00:02:09.840
Now, sometimes there's
another little piece
00:02:09.840 --> 00:02:11.850
called uninsured insurance,
00:02:11.850 --> 00:02:15.240
or if someone is underinsured or uninsured
00:02:15.240 --> 00:02:18.030
and your car gets damaged, well then,
00:02:18.030 --> 00:02:19.470
and really they were at fault.
00:02:19.470 --> 00:02:21.540
Some states don't try
to say who is at fault
00:02:21.540 --> 00:02:23.730
and different people's
insurance just covered
00:02:23.730 --> 00:02:24.660
their own stuff.
00:02:24.660 --> 00:02:26.850
But in other states they
say, "Okay, who is at fault?"
00:02:26.850 --> 00:02:29.490
If let's say I get into
a car accident with you,
00:02:29.490 --> 00:02:34.320
and if I was at fault, if they
decide that I was at fault,
00:02:34.320 --> 00:02:35.760
then my insurance would have to cover
00:02:35.760 --> 00:02:39.210
not just the damage to my
car, but to your car as well.
00:02:39.210 --> 00:02:41.640
But then if I wasn't insured,
00:02:41.640 --> 00:02:43.440
then you would have a situation
00:02:43.440 --> 00:02:47.010
where you have the underinsured
or uninsured policy
00:02:47.010 --> 00:02:48.420
where if you get into
an accident with someone
00:02:48.420 --> 00:02:51.720
who's not insured, even
if they were in fault
00:02:51.720 --> 00:02:53.490
that it will still cover it.
00:02:53.490 --> 00:02:55.740
So you have the liability,
you have the collision.
00:02:55.740 --> 00:02:57.300
If you actually get into an accident
00:02:57.300 --> 00:02:58.860
and there's damage, we could talk about
00:02:58.860 --> 00:03:03.000
if it covers the uninsured or
underinsured side of things.
00:03:03.000 --> 00:03:04.170
But then what if a situation
00:03:04.170 --> 00:03:05.700
where you didn't get into a car accident,
00:03:05.700 --> 00:03:08.760
a tree falls on your car
or hail damages your car,
00:03:08.760 --> 00:03:10.650
or someone steals your car?
00:03:10.650 --> 00:03:13.020
Well, that's comprehensive coverage.
00:03:13.020 --> 00:03:14.250
So collision is an accident.
00:03:14.250 --> 00:03:16.800
Comprehensive covers all
of these other things.
00:03:16.800 --> 00:03:18.570
It is literally comprehensive.
00:03:18.570 --> 00:03:21.510
And then the last dimension
is medical expenses.
00:03:21.510 --> 00:03:22.343
Obviously,
00:03:22.343 --> 00:03:24.450
none of us want to fall into
one of these situations,
00:03:24.450 --> 00:03:26.430
but if you get into a car accident,
00:03:26.430 --> 00:03:28.680
it's not just your car
that might get damaged,
00:03:28.680 --> 00:03:30.780
you or other occupants in your car
00:03:30.780 --> 00:03:33.870
or someone else's car
might get hurt as well.
00:03:33.870 --> 00:03:36.720
And as you know, medical
expenses, or maybe you don't know,
00:03:36.720 --> 00:03:38.700
medical expenses could easily be
00:03:38.700 --> 00:03:40.080
tens of thousands of dollars.
00:03:40.080 --> 00:03:44.340
It could be more costly than
the value of the car itself.
00:03:44.340 --> 00:03:47.190
So once again, that's
another piece of insurance.
00:03:47.190 --> 00:03:49.650
So when you get into a policy
look at what you're paying,
00:03:49.650 --> 00:03:52.830
look at the premium and
look at the deductible,
00:03:52.830 --> 00:03:54.750
but not all insurances are equivalent.
00:03:54.750 --> 00:03:56.490
Obviously, you have different deductibles
00:03:56.490 --> 00:03:58.830
but they all have different amounts.
00:03:58.830 --> 00:04:01.980
Some you should see whether
your policy even covers,
00:04:01.980 --> 00:04:03.930
liability versus collision
versus comprehensive
00:04:03.930 --> 00:04:05.280
versus medical expenses.
00:04:05.280 --> 00:04:06.810
What are the different deductibles?
00:04:06.810 --> 00:04:08.220
Do they have limits under those?
00:04:08.220 --> 00:04:10.890
Do they have certain restrictions
where it might not apply?
00:04:10.890 --> 00:04:13.020
Does it apply if only you're the driver
00:04:13.020 --> 00:04:14.460
or someone else is the driver?
00:04:14.460 --> 00:04:15.720
So these are all the details
00:04:15.720 --> 00:04:17.940
that it's really good
for you to know about
00:04:17.940 --> 00:04:21.693
when you're making insurance
purchasing decisions.
|
Consumer protection | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7I6MTgRxg00 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=7I6MTgRxg00&ei=n1WUZY3SIKSep-oP7NC4-AU&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=0394281B719A2BBDEFC82E1CDFB00FCB68EAEEF3.965F38A8E11E590719C265372514DA156EEAB0D1&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.380 --> 00:00:03.660
- So one thing to think
about as you think about
00:00:03.660 --> 00:00:07.290
your own financial literacy is
what do you do in a situation
00:00:07.290 --> 00:00:10.290
where you try to interact
with some type of a business
00:00:10.290 --> 00:00:13.620
or a financial institution
and they either are
00:00:13.620 --> 00:00:16.530
misinforming you in some
way or they're not doing
00:00:16.530 --> 00:00:17.760
what they said they would do?
00:00:17.760 --> 00:00:22.230
For example, let's say that
you buy something online
00:00:22.230 --> 00:00:25.620
and you give the payment,
you give the credit card,
00:00:25.620 --> 00:00:26.850
and they take the money from you
00:00:26.850 --> 00:00:28.620
but they don't send you what you thought
00:00:28.620 --> 00:00:29.820
they were going to send you.
00:00:29.820 --> 00:00:33.090
Or let's say you buy a product
and it breaks immediately
00:00:33.090 --> 00:00:34.800
and maybe it's still in warranty,
00:00:34.800 --> 00:00:36.540
but they don't really fix that.
00:00:36.540 --> 00:00:38.250
Who could you turn to?
00:00:38.250 --> 00:00:41.460
Well, the main entity in
the United States for that
00:00:41.460 --> 00:00:43.170
is known as the Better Business Bureau,
00:00:43.170 --> 00:00:45.150
sometimes BBB for short.
00:00:45.150 --> 00:00:47.940
And it's actually an
independent not-for-profit
00:00:47.940 --> 00:00:50.160
but it exists for this exact reason.
00:00:50.160 --> 00:00:53.370
If there's a business
that you think is doing
00:00:53.370 --> 00:00:55.020
not so great business practices,
00:00:55.020 --> 00:00:58.380
you can file a complaint with
the Better Business Bureau
00:00:58.380 --> 00:01:00.960
and they actually will log that complaint
00:01:00.960 --> 00:01:05.040
and they keep track the
same way that businesses
00:01:05.040 --> 00:01:08.516
or financial institutions keep
track of your credit score.
00:01:08.516 --> 00:01:11.040
The Better Business Bureau
keeps scores or ratings
00:01:11.040 --> 00:01:14.490
for businesses on how good
their business practices are.
00:01:14.490 --> 00:01:17.370
And it's somewhat
measured by the complaints
00:01:17.370 --> 00:01:19.470
that people are putting
in on that business
00:01:19.470 --> 00:01:23.910
and to what degree those
complaints are actually legitimate.
00:01:23.910 --> 00:01:26.280
Now, it's not just about buying a product
00:01:26.280 --> 00:01:29.070
or whether someone fixes
a product or warranty,
00:01:29.070 --> 00:01:31.800
there's also situations
where people might use
00:01:31.800 --> 00:01:35.040
misinformation or maybe
not complete information
00:01:35.040 --> 00:01:37.380
or not complete education
to take advantage
00:01:37.380 --> 00:01:39.270
of you the consumer.
00:01:39.270 --> 00:01:42.240
There's a lot of situations
if you go back into actually
00:01:42.240 --> 00:01:45.270
just world history where
especially financial institutions
00:01:45.270 --> 00:01:47.280
say, hey, give us a
little bit of this money
00:01:47.280 --> 00:01:49.080
and we'll invest it in really good ways
00:01:49.080 --> 00:01:50.940
and it's gonna come out really well,
00:01:50.940 --> 00:01:53.160
or we'll give you this loan
00:01:53.160 --> 00:01:55.140
and there's no strings attached,
00:01:55.140 --> 00:01:56.640
but maybe there are some strings attached.
00:01:56.640 --> 00:01:58.830
Or maybe it was a more of
a loan than you realized
00:01:58.830 --> 00:01:59.663
you were getting into,
00:01:59.663 --> 00:02:01.440
or there's certain aspects of the loan
00:02:01.440 --> 00:02:03.600
that might get you in trouble.
00:02:03.600 --> 00:02:06.420
And to help prevent that
there is a federal agency
00:02:06.420 --> 00:02:08.520
called the Consumer
Financial Protection Board.
00:02:08.520 --> 00:02:11.460
It came out of the banking crisis of 2011,
00:02:11.460 --> 00:02:15.210
when there were a lot of
folks who were kind of
00:02:15.210 --> 00:02:17.400
not given all the details
or maybe didn't have all
00:02:17.400 --> 00:02:19.950
of the necessary information
to make a decision
00:02:19.950 --> 00:02:21.270
about taking out a big loan
00:02:21.270 --> 00:02:24.150
or maybe the interest rate will
change dramatically, go up.
00:02:24.150 --> 00:02:26.070
They didn't realize the
risks that were involved
00:02:26.070 --> 00:02:28.950
of taking out a big loan for an asset
00:02:28.950 --> 00:02:30.570
that was very speculative.
00:02:30.570 --> 00:02:32.970
Maybe the price of that
might go down like a house
00:02:32.970 --> 00:02:34.920
in an area where the housing prices
00:02:34.920 --> 00:02:35.970
have just gone up a lot.
00:02:35.970 --> 00:02:39.480
And more extreme examples
there's things like payday loans
00:02:39.480 --> 00:02:42.180
where fairly vulnerable folks
might go into these loans
00:02:42.180 --> 00:02:45.000
not understanding the interest involved
00:02:45.000 --> 00:02:49.200
which is ginormous, to
use a technical word.
00:02:49.200 --> 00:02:51.540
So that's what the Consumer
Financial Protection Board does
00:02:51.540 --> 00:02:53.850
is to make sure that folks are informed,
00:02:53.850 --> 00:02:55.710
that people aren't doing misinformation
00:02:55.710 --> 00:03:00.150
or taking advantage of
people's lack of knowledge.
00:03:00.150 --> 00:03:02.550
Now, those are the two big
ones on a federal level,
00:03:02.550 --> 00:03:04.740
but there's also going to be other groups.
00:03:04.740 --> 00:03:07.830
There's groups that help
monitor the types of securities
00:03:07.830 --> 00:03:08.670
that might get issued.
00:03:08.670 --> 00:03:09.840
You might say, well, what's a security?
00:03:09.840 --> 00:03:12.030
Well, it's things like a stock or a bond.
00:03:12.030 --> 00:03:14.610
And as you can imagine,
if there's some kind of
00:03:14.610 --> 00:03:17.100
shady company that really
has nothing behind it
00:03:17.100 --> 00:03:18.540
but says, hey, here's some shares
00:03:18.540 --> 00:03:20.670
and these shares are
in the newest hot thing
00:03:20.670 --> 00:03:23.370
like it's artificial
intelligence, biotech,
00:03:23.370 --> 00:03:25.470
whatever, whatever, a
lot of people might say,
00:03:25.470 --> 00:03:27.390
oh, I'm just gonna buy those
shares without realizing
00:03:27.390 --> 00:03:28.710
there's no company behind it.
00:03:28.710 --> 00:03:31.650
And so you also have groups that regulate
00:03:31.650 --> 00:03:33.060
things like securities.
00:03:33.060 --> 00:03:35.640
You have groups that regulate
especially at a state level,
00:03:35.640 --> 00:03:37.080
insurance.
00:03:37.080 --> 00:03:38.670
It's one thing for someone
to say they're going
00:03:38.670 --> 00:03:40.740
to insure you and collect your premium,
00:03:40.740 --> 00:03:43.020
but when the bad thing actually happens
00:03:43.020 --> 00:03:45.390
and you need to get the the payout,
00:03:45.390 --> 00:03:47.040
are they going to be there for you?
00:03:47.040 --> 00:03:49.530
That's why insurance is
pretty regulated to make sure
00:03:49.530 --> 00:03:51.450
that the people who say
they're offering insurance
00:03:51.450 --> 00:03:53.280
are actually good for it.
00:03:53.280 --> 00:03:56.340
So you need to be wary,
you need to be careful,
00:03:56.340 --> 00:03:57.870
but you should also be conscientious
00:03:57.870 --> 00:03:59.970
that there are entities out there
00:03:59.970 --> 00:04:03.063
that are there to help
inform and protect you.
|
Area with partial grids | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2MfAToi5WA | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=C2MfAToi5WA&ei=n1WUZcnGH9mDxs0PjpKz8Ag&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=094AFF6C2C31FC1F71CDD1FFF443EF5C12A486AF.C62AB2A590C61D3419D23F19A712C85AA8DD1C33&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.010
- [Teacher] We're told,
"The following rectangle
00:00:02.010 --> 00:00:06.000
is partially split into unit squares.
00:00:06.000 --> 00:00:09.570
What is the area of the rectangle above?"
00:00:09.570 --> 00:00:12.930
So pause this video and see
if you can figure that out.
00:00:12.930 --> 00:00:15.300
Alright, now let's do this together.
00:00:15.300 --> 00:00:18.030
So first it's good to just
know what do they mean
00:00:18.030 --> 00:00:19.920
when they say area?
00:00:19.920 --> 00:00:22.800
Well, they say it's partially
split into unit squares.
00:00:22.800 --> 00:00:24.060
When they're talking about a unit square
00:00:24.060 --> 00:00:26.730
they're talking about a square like this.
00:00:26.730 --> 00:00:28.920
And when we're talking about area,
00:00:28.920 --> 00:00:32.220
we're talking about how
many of these unit squares
00:00:32.220 --> 00:00:35.400
would exactly cover this entire shape.
00:00:35.400 --> 00:00:38.400
That many unit squares would be the area
00:00:38.400 --> 00:00:40.860
of this entire rectangle.
00:00:40.860 --> 00:00:42.600
So how could we do that?
00:00:42.600 --> 00:00:45.930
Well, what we could do is we
could keep drawing these lines
00:00:45.930 --> 00:00:47.790
that have already been partially drawn,
00:00:47.790 --> 00:00:51.720
and we can then see how many
of these unit squares we have.
00:00:51.720 --> 00:00:54.930
So let's just finish
drawing these lines here.
00:00:54.930 --> 00:00:57.420
I'll try to draw it as neatly as I can.
00:00:57.420 --> 00:01:02.250
So we have that. We have that like there.
00:01:02.250 --> 00:01:06.090
And then let me complete this one,
00:01:06.090 --> 00:01:09.210
and let me complete that
one. I'm almost done.
00:01:09.210 --> 00:01:12.720
That one and then that one.
00:01:12.720 --> 00:01:14.580
And so what we have here,
00:01:14.580 --> 00:01:16.620
let's see how many rows do we have?
00:01:16.620 --> 00:01:21.620
We have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 rows.
00:01:22.470 --> 00:01:27.393
And in each of those rows, let
me do it this way, five rows.
00:01:28.620 --> 00:01:31.290
And in each of those rows,
how many squares do we have?
00:01:31.290 --> 00:01:35.850
Let's see, we have 1, 2, 3, 4.
00:01:35.850 --> 00:01:39.240
So you could view it as,
we have five rows of four.
00:01:39.240 --> 00:01:42.540
So how many total of
these unit squares exactly
00:01:42.540 --> 00:01:43.710
cover this rectangle?
00:01:43.710 --> 00:01:45.330
Well, we could just count them.
00:01:45.330 --> 00:01:47.310
We could see that that is going to be,
00:01:47.310 --> 00:01:48.840
well it's gonna be five rows of four.
00:01:48.840 --> 00:01:50.970
So it's gonna be one row, that's four.
00:01:50.970 --> 00:01:54.510
then another four, then another
four, and then another four,
00:01:54.510 --> 00:01:55.770
and then another four.
00:01:55.770 --> 00:01:58.710
And let's see, yep, I
have five fours here.
00:01:58.710 --> 00:02:01.920
I'm adding the five
rows of four each there.
00:02:01.920 --> 00:02:04.110
And what is that going to be equal to?
00:02:04.110 --> 00:02:06.660
Well, this is going to be equal
to four, plus four is eight,
00:02:06.660 --> 00:02:11.550
plus four is 12, plus four
is 16, plus four is 20.
00:02:11.550 --> 00:02:14.220
So the area of the rectangle
above is going to be 20.
00:02:14.220 --> 00:02:16.860
And it's important to say, "20 of what?"
00:02:16.860 --> 00:02:19.350
It's 20 square units.
00:02:19.350 --> 00:02:22.080
Or maybe I could say
unit squares. Either way.
00:02:22.080 --> 00:02:24.300
But I'll call it square units.
00:02:24.300 --> 00:02:26.493
And we are done.
|
Decimal multiplication with grids | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Phgu3ExLmY | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=3Phgu3ExLmY&ei=n1WUZaaYHcTXxN8PrqaM2AQ&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=ADBD7E45160FB1E67DF2A1C6829A7561EE4EB064.1963AA2663189CF04BA96DF3E969BE528D5B3FB6&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.480 --> 00:00:03.990
- [Instructor] So we're told
the entire figure is one whole.
00:00:03.990 --> 00:00:07.470
So that is this entire
square right over there.
00:00:07.470 --> 00:00:11.490
And then they ask us which
multiplication equation
00:00:11.490 --> 00:00:13.590
best represents the figure.
00:00:13.590 --> 00:00:14.940
And so we're supposed to choose one
00:00:14.940 --> 00:00:16.050
of these four right over here.
00:00:16.050 --> 00:00:18.300
So pause this video, try it on your own
00:00:18.300 --> 00:00:20.103
before we work through it together.
00:00:21.060 --> 00:00:23.190
All right, now let's
work through it together.
00:00:23.190 --> 00:00:27.300
So this whole square is a
whole, and now let's first think
00:00:27.300 --> 00:00:30.660
about what's going on with this 3/10.
00:00:30.660 --> 00:00:32.640
So they've labeled the 3/10
00:00:32.640 --> 00:00:35.970
as three of these vertical
bars right over here.
00:00:35.970 --> 00:00:40.970
We could view the 3/10 as
these three vertical bars.
00:00:42.060 --> 00:00:45.690
And then they also have this 7/10,
00:00:45.690 --> 00:00:50.100
which are seven of these horizontal bars.
00:00:50.100 --> 00:00:54.530
And notice each of those
bars are 1/10 of the whole.
00:00:54.530 --> 00:00:57.030
So we have seven of these horizontal bars.
00:00:57.030 --> 00:00:58.410
If that doesn't look like seven bars,
00:00:58.410 --> 00:00:59.700
let me just draw it this way.
00:00:59.700 --> 00:01:04.673
So that's one, two, three, four,
00:01:05.970 --> 00:01:08.820
five, six, and seven.
00:01:08.820 --> 00:01:10.680
And of course we see something similar
00:01:10.680 --> 00:01:12.120
with these vertical bars.
00:01:12.120 --> 00:01:16.560
That's one, two, and three.
00:01:16.560 --> 00:01:18.360
Now what's going on here is we're looking
00:01:18.360 --> 00:01:21.450
at where these bars overlap.
00:01:21.450 --> 00:01:23.760
And one way to think about that is
00:01:23.760 --> 00:01:28.020
the overlap is going
to be 3/10 times 7/10.
00:01:28.020 --> 00:01:30.330
You could view this overlap...
00:01:30.330 --> 00:01:31.920
Let me do this in another
color right over here.
00:01:31.920 --> 00:01:33.990
This overlap right over here.
00:01:33.990 --> 00:01:36.630
You could view that as 7/10 of the 3/10
00:01:36.630 --> 00:01:38.340
or 3/10 of the 7/10
00:01:38.340 --> 00:01:41.610
or 7/10 times 3/10.
00:01:41.610 --> 00:01:44.580
So we immediately know it's
going to be either this choice
00:01:44.580 --> 00:01:47.149
that has 0.3 times 0.7
00:01:47.149 --> 00:01:51.270
or this choice that has 0.3 times 0.7.
00:01:51.270 --> 00:01:52.950
But let's see what this should be.
00:01:52.950 --> 00:01:54.960
Well, when we look at that overlap,
00:01:54.960 --> 00:01:57.810
we get 21 of these squares,
00:01:57.810 --> 00:02:00.690
because we have seven in this direction,
00:02:00.690 --> 00:02:01.523
three in this direction.
00:02:01.523 --> 00:02:04.110
I could count them, but
we have 21 squares here.
00:02:04.110 --> 00:02:07.830
And each of those squares are
what fraction of the whole?
00:02:07.830 --> 00:02:12.330
Well, each of those squares
are now 1/100 of the whole
00:02:12.330 --> 00:02:14.220
because this is now a 10 by 10 grid,
00:02:14.220 --> 00:02:16.500
each of those is 1/100.
00:02:16.500 --> 00:02:19.140
So in the overlap we
have 21 of these squares,
00:02:19.140 --> 00:02:21.570
that's 21/100.
00:02:21.570 --> 00:02:24.990
So 21/100 is 0.21.
00:02:24.990 --> 00:02:28.770
That's the same thing as 21/100,
00:02:28.770 --> 00:02:31.740
which is this choice right there.
00:02:31.740 --> 00:02:32.573
And we're done.
|
Electric forces | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQG83UvXn3w | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=OQG83UvXn3w&ei=n1WUZcCtGv6ImLAP5uapgAM&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=55B58A4E35B13BF19EA59A7852A64973F3CE56BF.4FE911DAA8CCBCA621AC3EEB30780F3A33923461&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.100 --> 00:00:03.290
- Have you ever taken
a shirt out of a dryer
00:00:03.290 --> 00:00:05.490
and found a sock stuck to it?
00:00:05.490 --> 00:00:07.160
If you have, you might have noticed
00:00:07.160 --> 00:00:09.180
that once you pull the sock off
00:00:09.180 --> 00:00:10.950
it was still attracted to the shirt
00:00:10.950 --> 00:00:12.620
even when they weren't touching.
00:00:12.620 --> 00:00:14.550
What is even happening here?
00:00:14.550 --> 00:00:17.040
Well, it turns out
there's an electric force
00:00:17.040 --> 00:00:18.760
between the shirt and the sock.
00:00:18.760 --> 00:00:22.750
Electric forces are a
type of non-contact force,
00:00:22.750 --> 00:00:25.010
which means they can act on objects
00:00:25.010 --> 00:00:26.453
that aren't even touching.
00:00:27.440 --> 00:00:30.290
If you've ever noticed two
balloons repelling each other,
00:00:30.290 --> 00:00:32.180
or if you've ever noticed your hair
00:00:32.180 --> 00:00:34.710
sticking to something like
a balloon or a sweater,
00:00:34.710 --> 00:00:36.750
that's what I'm talking about.
00:00:36.750 --> 00:00:39.160
But why is there an electric force between
00:00:39.160 --> 00:00:42.570
the shirt and the sock after
they're taken out of the dryer?
00:00:42.570 --> 00:00:45.920
Well, it turns out that
electric forces are caused
00:00:45.920 --> 00:00:49.740
by a property of matter
called electric charge.
00:00:49.740 --> 00:00:53.560
Matter is made up of tiny
particles that can have positive,
00:00:53.560 --> 00:00:56.350
negative, or neutral charge.
00:00:56.350 --> 00:00:59.720
Neutral just means that the
electric charge is zero,
00:00:59.720 --> 00:01:01.453
not positive or negative.
00:01:03.010 --> 00:01:05.970
When you add up all these
charges most objects
00:01:05.970 --> 00:01:08.900
tend to have a net charge
that is about neutral.
00:01:08.900 --> 00:01:12.070
Otherwise we'd be attracted
to all sorts of things,
00:01:12.070 --> 00:01:13.770
just like that sock.
00:01:13.770 --> 00:01:17.250
However, an object's charge can change.
00:01:17.250 --> 00:01:20.370
So in the dryer all that heat and movement
00:01:20.370 --> 00:01:23.130
allowed some negative
charges from the shirt
00:01:23.130 --> 00:01:25.150
to move to the sock.
00:01:25.150 --> 00:01:27.360
Now, when you try to separate the two,
00:01:27.360 --> 00:01:29.180
they're both electrically charged
00:01:29.180 --> 00:01:31.870
and there's an electric
force between them.
00:01:31.870 --> 00:01:34.730
So now that we know what
causes an electric force,
00:01:34.730 --> 00:01:38.040
let's look at what affects
its direction and strength.
00:01:38.040 --> 00:01:42.410
An electric force can
attract or repel an object.
00:01:42.410 --> 00:01:44.590
But how do you know if an electric force
00:01:44.590 --> 00:01:46.850
will be attractive or repulsive?
00:01:46.850 --> 00:01:50.010
Well, as the saying
goes, opposites attract.
00:01:50.010 --> 00:01:52.240
An object with a negative electric charge
00:01:52.240 --> 00:01:55.700
will be attracted to a
positively charged object.
00:01:55.700 --> 00:01:59.360
If the second object is
also negatively charged,
00:01:59.360 --> 00:02:02.430
well, the two objects will
experience a repulsive force
00:02:02.430 --> 00:02:04.333
and be repelled from each other.
00:02:05.170 --> 00:02:07.400
So in order to have the sock and the shirt
00:02:07.400 --> 00:02:11.170
attracted to each other they
must have opposite net charges
00:02:11.170 --> 00:02:14.823
because they're experiencing
an attractive electric force.
00:02:15.770 --> 00:02:18.660
What about the strength
of that electric force?
00:02:18.660 --> 00:02:21.050
Strength will depend
on a couple of factors.
00:02:21.050 --> 00:02:23.660
First, the charge of each object
00:02:23.660 --> 00:02:25.970
is proportional to the force.
00:02:25.970 --> 00:02:29.550
The stronger the charges, the
stronger the electric force.
00:02:29.550 --> 00:02:32.000
So the greater the electric charge,
00:02:32.000 --> 00:02:34.000
the greater the electric force.
00:02:34.000 --> 00:02:36.310
Another factor, how far apart
00:02:36.310 --> 00:02:38.200
the objects are from each other.
00:02:38.200 --> 00:02:42.170
The electric force will weaken
as the distance increases.
00:02:42.170 --> 00:02:47.033
So the force decreases as
our distance increases.
00:02:48.700 --> 00:02:51.080
As you move the sock away from the shirt
00:02:51.080 --> 00:02:53.730
eventually the attraction
between them is so weak
00:02:53.730 --> 00:02:55.413
that we don't even notice it.
00:02:56.410 --> 00:02:59.170
So the next time you find
yourself doing laundry
00:02:59.170 --> 00:03:02.890
and having to pull a sock off of a shirt,
00:03:02.890 --> 00:03:06.153
just remember invisible
electric forces are to blame.
|
Supplemental insurance | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zPE-s4Xbv4U | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=zPE-s4Xbv4U&ei=n1WUZfyaGtjnxN8PjM22kAE&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=0EE60B80249D90843EEE8FA06755D3AAF7F21074.4F34B832EC0F08EC8152F16EE5B8EF50F1E41824&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.050 --> 00:00:04.050
- So let's talk a little bit
about supplemental insurance.
00:00:04.050 --> 00:00:06.840
Now, it is what the words describe it as,
00:00:06.840 --> 00:00:08.130
it is a supplement,
00:00:08.130 --> 00:00:10.260
to usually some other existing insurance.
00:00:10.260 --> 00:00:12.090
It's insurance above and beyond
00:00:12.090 --> 00:00:14.040
things that you might already have.
00:00:14.040 --> 00:00:16.860
So there's a lot of examples
of supplemental insurance,
00:00:16.860 --> 00:00:21.270
but they they usually try
to cover specific things
00:00:21.270 --> 00:00:22.740
that you might worry about.
00:00:22.740 --> 00:00:26.310
For example, there might be
mortgage payoff life insurance.
00:00:26.310 --> 00:00:28.320
One of the main reasons why, for example,
00:00:28.320 --> 00:00:31.380
I have life insurance, is if
something were to happen to me,
00:00:31.380 --> 00:00:33.780
I want my family to still be
able to live in our house,
00:00:33.780 --> 00:00:35.610
and to be able to pay off our mortgage,
00:00:35.610 --> 00:00:37.410
and not worry about where
that income's coming in,
00:00:37.410 --> 00:00:40.320
so I've gotten enough
life insurance to do that.
00:00:40.320 --> 00:00:42.030
But the insurance companies
know that sometimes
00:00:42.030 --> 00:00:45.630
people worry specifically
about that situation.
00:00:45.630 --> 00:00:48.750
And so people might get
that very specific type
00:00:48.750 --> 00:00:51.960
of life insurance, mortgage
payoff life insurance,
00:00:51.960 --> 00:00:53.550
which you could view as a supplement
00:00:53.550 --> 00:00:55.320
to traditional life insurance.
00:00:55.320 --> 00:00:56.910
Now, if you've got enough life insurance,
00:00:56.910 --> 00:00:58.740
you should be able to pay your mortgage,
00:00:58.740 --> 00:01:00.480
and then, hopefully, do other things
00:01:00.480 --> 00:01:02.460
that your family needs to support them.
00:01:02.460 --> 00:01:04.470
But this might be a
supplement that you look at.
00:01:04.470 --> 00:01:07.200
But whenever you look at
any form of insurance,
00:01:07.200 --> 00:01:10.290
realize that the insurance
company has done the statistics,
00:01:10.290 --> 00:01:12.090
and they're gonna make money off of it.
00:01:12.090 --> 00:01:13.680
Now that doesn't mean
that you shouldn't do it.
00:01:13.680 --> 00:01:16.320
Oftentimes it will protect
you in a lot of ways,
00:01:16.320 --> 00:01:18.510
so it is worth doing it,
but you should think about
00:01:18.510 --> 00:01:20.820
whether you need to do it, or
whether it's already covered
00:01:20.820 --> 00:01:22.590
by another insurance you have.
00:01:22.590 --> 00:01:25.680
Another example is car insurance.
00:01:25.680 --> 00:01:28.530
You might have comprehensive
car insurance already,
00:01:28.530 --> 00:01:30.927
where if the car not
only gets in an accident,
00:01:30.927 --> 00:01:34.200
but if it's stolen, if a tree falls on it,
00:01:34.200 --> 00:01:35.760
the insurance company will pay you
00:01:35.760 --> 00:01:38.220
the cash value of the car.
00:01:38.220 --> 00:01:40.590
And so if you wanted, you could
go and get another used car
00:01:40.590 --> 00:01:41.880
just like that.
00:01:41.880 --> 00:01:44.700
Now some people, if you're
not paying off your debt
00:01:44.700 --> 00:01:46.440
fast enough on your car loan,
00:01:46.440 --> 00:01:49.470
the cash value of your car might be less
00:01:49.470 --> 00:01:51.480
than the amount that you
owe back on your car.
00:01:51.480 --> 00:01:53.400
Now that's, in general,
not a good situation,
00:01:53.400 --> 00:01:55.380
if you're paying back your car loan
00:01:55.380 --> 00:01:58.110
slower than your car is
actually losing value,
00:01:58.110 --> 00:02:00.300
not a great situation to be in.
00:02:00.300 --> 00:02:02.700
But a lot of folks
wouldn't want to get money
00:02:02.700 --> 00:02:05.550
from an insurance company
for, say, a car got totaled,
00:02:05.550 --> 00:02:08.460
and it still can't even
pay back the total loan
00:02:08.460 --> 00:02:09.300
available on the car.
00:02:09.300 --> 00:02:13.290
So they have things like auto
loan payoff car insurance,
00:02:13.290 --> 00:02:14.280
which you could view as a supplement
00:02:14.280 --> 00:02:15.720
to traditional insurance.
00:02:15.720 --> 00:02:18.480
But once again, it's not a
great situation to be in,
00:02:18.480 --> 00:02:20.730
and in theory, even if
the insurance company
00:02:20.730 --> 00:02:22.260
is paying you the cash value,
00:02:22.260 --> 00:02:24.210
you could go and get
an equivalent used car.
00:02:24.210 --> 00:02:25.890
And even though you owe
more money than that,
00:02:25.890 --> 00:02:28.020
you're kind of in the
same situation you were
00:02:28.020 --> 00:02:31.110
before the accident, or
whatever scenario you were in.
00:02:31.110 --> 00:02:34.020
But the general principle,
supplemental is above and beyond.
00:02:34.020 --> 00:02:35.940
Maybe you have insurance,
dental insurance,
00:02:35.940 --> 00:02:38.190
or life insurance, or some
other type of insurance
00:02:38.190 --> 00:02:39.607
from your employer, and you just think,
00:02:39.607 --> 00:02:40.920
"Hey, I would like more insurance,
00:02:40.920 --> 00:02:42.060
they're not giving me enough."
00:02:42.060 --> 00:02:43.050
Well, that could be a good reason
00:02:43.050 --> 00:02:44.950
to get supplemental insurance as well.
|
Features of property insurance | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoKFRoalQNA | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=GoKFRoalQNA&ei=n1WUZdv7HqeAp-oPh4CI8A0&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=A8C7F96BDB122CF1E07B4E58A6B0CD3216CFDBF8.9B9367CD04CF0CDDDC13B45E0EE9A7C28B3816FE&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.110 --> 00:00:05.579
- So let's talk a little bit
more about property insurance,
00:00:05.579 --> 00:00:06.412
and in particular,
00:00:06.412 --> 00:00:07.245
what are scenarios
00:00:07.245 --> 00:00:10.260
in which it might come
into effect or be relevant?
00:00:10.260 --> 00:00:13.350
And then also how you might be paid back
00:00:13.350 --> 00:00:15.600
for whatever losses you might have.
00:00:15.600 --> 00:00:17.790
So there's kind of two broad categories
00:00:17.790 --> 00:00:19.290
of bad things happening.
00:00:19.290 --> 00:00:22.380
One is something bad happens
to your property itself.
00:00:22.380 --> 00:00:24.060
The house burns down, there's a flood,
00:00:24.060 --> 00:00:26.250
there's an earthquake, there's theft.
00:00:26.250 --> 00:00:28.590
Things are stolen, things are vandalized.
00:00:28.590 --> 00:00:31.230
The other category is
something bad happened
00:00:31.230 --> 00:00:36.210
in the house and a court
decides that it's your fault.
00:00:36.210 --> 00:00:37.410
So this could be a situation
00:00:37.410 --> 00:00:42.030
where maybe you rent
the house out to someone
00:00:42.030 --> 00:00:44.250
and you knew that there
was some structural damage,
00:00:44.250 --> 00:00:46.080
but a ceiling fan still
falls on that person
00:00:46.080 --> 00:00:47.340
even though you were warned.
00:00:47.340 --> 00:00:48.900
Well then you are,
00:00:48.900 --> 00:00:51.330
then that's probably some
liability that you have there.
00:00:51.330 --> 00:00:53.130
And they might have a legitimate lawsuit.
00:00:53.130 --> 00:00:56.340
Or let's say your sidewalk
has a huge tripping hazard
00:00:56.340 --> 00:00:57.270
that you knew about
00:00:57.270 --> 00:00:58.770
and you just decided not to fix it.
00:00:58.770 --> 00:01:01.770
Someone comes and trips on your walkway
00:01:01.770 --> 00:01:05.160
or your driveway and they hurt
themselves in a serious way.
00:01:05.160 --> 00:01:08.010
Maybe they could sue you,
maybe they could win.
00:01:08.010 --> 00:01:10.680
You have liability there, and
that could be a lot of money.
00:01:10.680 --> 00:01:11.820
It could be tens of thousands
00:01:11.820 --> 00:01:13.860
or even hundreds of thousands of dollars
00:01:13.860 --> 00:01:15.720
depending on what goes on.
00:01:15.720 --> 00:01:16.800
So these are all situations
00:01:16.800 --> 00:01:18.720
that you want to insure yourself against.
00:01:18.720 --> 00:01:20.370
Obviously, if your house burns down,
00:01:20.370 --> 00:01:21.540
that could cost a lot of money.
00:01:21.540 --> 00:01:23.280
If someone trips and
falls and hurts themselves
00:01:23.280 --> 00:01:25.650
on your property and they
sue you and they win,
00:01:25.650 --> 00:01:26.790
that could also cost a lot of money.
00:01:26.790 --> 00:01:27.690
Even if they lose,
00:01:27.690 --> 00:01:31.170
just the legal expenses
could cost a lot of money.
00:01:31.170 --> 00:01:33.390
Now the other situation is
00:01:33.390 --> 00:01:36.840
what will the actual
insurance companies pay for?
00:01:36.840 --> 00:01:38.310
So if you're thinking about
00:01:38.310 --> 00:01:40.320
the property actually getting destroyed,
00:01:40.320 --> 00:01:41.550
there's two ways to think about it.
00:01:41.550 --> 00:01:42.933
They could say,
00:01:42.933 --> 00:01:44.700
"Hey, we're just gonna pay
to replace the property."
00:01:44.700 --> 00:01:47.370
And so there you're talking
about replacement cost.
00:01:47.370 --> 00:01:50.310
So what would it cost and
say to rebuild the house
00:01:50.310 --> 00:01:52.440
and then to buy the
different things that you had
00:01:52.440 --> 00:01:53.273
in the house,
00:01:53.273 --> 00:01:55.560
the personal property if it's insured
00:01:55.560 --> 00:01:56.850
that you had in your house.
00:01:56.850 --> 00:01:59.040
Another version would be cash value.
00:01:59.040 --> 00:02:02.220
What was the the value of of the house?
00:02:02.220 --> 00:02:04.290
And maybe they pay that.
00:02:04.290 --> 00:02:06.510
Now, the value for a house,
00:02:06.510 --> 00:02:10.020
it's very seldom that the
actual land gets destroyed.
00:02:10.020 --> 00:02:12.600
And oftentimes the land is a big part
00:02:12.600 --> 00:02:14.040
of the value of the house.
00:02:14.040 --> 00:02:15.630
So even if your house burns down,
00:02:15.630 --> 00:02:18.720
and if your house will say worth $200,000
00:02:18.720 --> 00:02:20.730
they're unlikely to just
give you the cash value
00:02:20.730 --> 00:02:22.740
of that house of $200,000
00:02:22.740 --> 00:02:25.620
because the land still has value.
00:02:25.620 --> 00:02:28.830
More likely you're gonna be
dealing with replacement costs.
00:02:28.830 --> 00:02:31.500
Now another thing that
usually an insurance policy
00:02:31.500 --> 00:02:35.460
will cover is if heaven
forbid your house burns down
00:02:35.460 --> 00:02:37.260
or any of these bad things happen,
00:02:37.260 --> 00:02:39.360
you're going to need
another place to live.
00:02:39.360 --> 00:02:40.800
And so there's this notion
00:02:40.800 --> 00:02:42.697
of additional living expenses of,
00:02:42.697 --> 00:02:45.330
"Hey, if you need six months
someplace else to live
00:02:45.330 --> 00:02:46.320
while your house gets repaired,
00:02:46.320 --> 00:02:47.790
or a year someplace else to live
00:02:47.790 --> 00:02:49.170
while your house gets repaired,
00:02:49.170 --> 00:02:51.390
then that might be covered as well."
00:02:51.390 --> 00:02:53.460
So these are all things to look into
00:02:53.460 --> 00:02:55.653
when you get property insurance.
|
Property insurance | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rkw5Pz57bI | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=5rkw5Pz57bI&ei=n1WUZaLiGqCIhcIP6Iex0AI&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=89C5350E6664256ED95C2BE9F55A7F5D919262BC.455B2E44FFB47B5E9CC049C11D9C7BCB80934FCD&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.080 --> 00:00:03.900
- Let's talk a little bit
about property insurance.
00:00:03.900 --> 00:00:04.733
The first question is,
00:00:04.733 --> 00:00:06.660
why would you want to insure property?
00:00:06.660 --> 00:00:08.400
Well, for a lot of folks,
00:00:08.400 --> 00:00:12.630
their property is the most
expensive things they have
00:00:12.630 --> 00:00:14.160
that would be very hard to replace
00:00:14.160 --> 00:00:16.380
if something bad happened to it.
00:00:16.380 --> 00:00:19.470
And there's two big categories
of property insurance.
00:00:19.470 --> 00:00:21.000
You have renters insurance,
00:00:21.000 --> 00:00:23.280
and you have homeowners insurance.
00:00:23.280 --> 00:00:25.470
Now, as you can imagine,
00:00:25.470 --> 00:00:28.470
renters insurance is good for renters.
00:00:28.470 --> 00:00:29.820
And what would it cover?
00:00:29.820 --> 00:00:31.980
Well, let's say you are
renting an apartment,
00:00:31.980 --> 00:00:33.870
but you own the furniture,
00:00:33.870 --> 00:00:36.030
you own maybe some of the appliances,
00:00:36.030 --> 00:00:38.280
your laptop is in the apartment,
00:00:38.280 --> 00:00:40.710
you have a big screen
TV, you have a stereo.
00:00:40.710 --> 00:00:43.860
Whatever else you have, it
could have a lot of value to it.
00:00:43.860 --> 00:00:47.550
And now let's say something bad happened,
00:00:47.550 --> 00:00:49.473
maybe the building,
00:00:50.490 --> 00:00:54.120
maybe there was an earthquake
or a fire or a flood,
00:00:54.120 --> 00:00:55.620
and a lot of that stuff got damaged.
00:00:55.620 --> 00:00:58.020
And it would be hard for you out of pocket
00:00:58.020 --> 00:01:00.180
and just with your own money
00:01:00.180 --> 00:01:01.620
to buy all of that stuff back.
00:01:01.620 --> 00:01:02.760
It would take a big hit,
00:01:02.760 --> 00:01:05.400
and so that's what renters
insurance would cover.
00:01:05.400 --> 00:01:07.650
You would pay a certain
amount on a regular basis,
00:01:07.650 --> 00:01:08.910
on an annual basis.
00:01:08.910 --> 00:01:09.960
That is your premium.
00:01:11.130 --> 00:01:13.440
And they usually list the scenarios.
00:01:13.440 --> 00:01:15.660
Maybe there's theft,
maybe you got burglarized,
00:01:15.660 --> 00:01:18.060
maybe the place burned down.
00:01:18.060 --> 00:01:19.650
Whatever the scenarios that they list,
00:01:19.650 --> 00:01:20.880
in those scenarios,
00:01:20.880 --> 00:01:24.660
if your property got lost or
damaged or destroyed or stolen,
00:01:24.660 --> 00:01:28.380
then they will pay you back for that.
00:01:28.380 --> 00:01:30.630
Now, homeowners insurance
is an extension of it,
00:01:30.630 --> 00:01:31.830
but when you're a homeowner,
00:01:31.830 --> 00:01:33.630
you don't just own the furniture
00:01:33.630 --> 00:01:35.700
and the electronics inside the house.
00:01:35.700 --> 00:01:37.230
You own the entire house.
00:01:37.230 --> 00:01:38.640
And as you can imagine,
00:01:38.640 --> 00:01:41.940
a house itself can be a lot more expensive
00:01:41.940 --> 00:01:44.910
than, let's say, the
furniture inside of the house.
00:01:44.910 --> 00:01:48.360
And so homeowners insurance
will cover the entire property.
00:01:48.360 --> 00:01:51.120
Let's say if your house were
to get destroyed in a fire,
00:01:51.120 --> 00:01:52.080
it will cover that.
00:01:52.080 --> 00:01:55.050
Now, there could very well
be certain deductibles
00:01:55.050 --> 00:01:56.340
or certain limits to it,
00:01:56.340 --> 00:01:58.860
but it's a really important
asset for a lot of folks
00:01:58.860 --> 00:02:01.080
to insure pretty well.
00:02:01.080 --> 00:02:01.920
It can obviously cost
00:02:01.920 --> 00:02:04.320
hundreds of thousands of dollars or more.
00:02:04.320 --> 00:02:06.780
And you oftentimes
borrowed money against it,
00:02:06.780 --> 00:02:08.400
and so you don't wanna be in a situation
00:02:08.400 --> 00:02:10.470
where you borrowed money,
00:02:10.470 --> 00:02:13.290
you put hundreds of thousands
of dollars down payment,
00:02:13.290 --> 00:02:15.570
you borrowed extra money,
you bought a house,
00:02:15.570 --> 00:02:18.210
and then a flood, a earthquake, a fire,
00:02:18.210 --> 00:02:20.010
something destroys the house.
00:02:20.010 --> 00:02:23.340
You still owe that money, but
you no longer have a house.
00:02:23.340 --> 00:02:25.110
So you can imagine homeowners insurance
00:02:25.110 --> 00:02:27.870
can be not only valuable,
00:02:27.870 --> 00:02:30.270
and many times, the bank that gave a loan
00:02:30.270 --> 00:02:32.280
would say you have to
have homeowners insurance
00:02:32.280 --> 00:02:34.560
'cause we don't want you
to be in that situation.
00:02:34.560 --> 00:02:35.730
But even if you don't have,
00:02:35.730 --> 00:02:36.563
if you're a homeowner,
00:02:36.563 --> 00:02:38.100
and even if someone isn't forcing you
00:02:38.100 --> 00:02:39.480
to get homeowners insurance,
00:02:39.480 --> 00:02:40.860
it's a pretty good idea
00:02:40.860 --> 00:02:43.980
because a home is a pretty valuable asset.
00:02:43.980 --> 00:02:45.120
And there's going to be different types
00:02:45.120 --> 00:02:46.350
of homeowners insurance.
00:02:46.350 --> 00:02:48.240
Some will cover everything
I just mentioned.
00:02:48.240 --> 00:02:51.000
Some will cover, if you live
in a high flood risk zone,
00:02:51.000 --> 00:02:52.740
some will cover everything but flood,
00:02:52.740 --> 00:02:54.900
and then you have to get a
separate flood insurance.
00:02:54.900 --> 00:02:56.460
I live out here in California.
00:02:56.460 --> 00:02:59.100
Sometimes a policy will cover
everything but earthquakes,
00:02:59.100 --> 00:02:59.933
and then you have to get
00:02:59.933 --> 00:03:02.730
a separate earthquake insurance for that.
00:03:02.730 --> 00:03:03.960
But it's the same idea.
00:03:03.960 --> 00:03:07.200
If one of these really bad things happen,
00:03:07.200 --> 00:03:08.490
and you were to lose the house
00:03:08.490 --> 00:03:10.380
or lose the property inside the house,
00:03:10.380 --> 00:03:12.483
this insurance would have you covered.
|
Disability and long term care insurance | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ULlocLanC8 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=3ULlocLanC8&ei=n1WUZc7wGcaxp-oP4eajMA&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=8265D5787B55A479E3B9828466A4FFB7A8C51844.F06114DEF8757012B2F7B6F6040276D0974C6A8B&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.320 --> 00:00:03.660
- Talking about insurance
is never a lot of fun,
00:00:03.660 --> 00:00:06.330
because you're talking about,
or you're thinking about
00:00:06.330 --> 00:00:07.560
things that most of us don't want to
00:00:07.560 --> 00:00:08.670
have to deal with in life.
00:00:08.670 --> 00:00:10.440
And I'm going to continue that trend
00:00:10.440 --> 00:00:13.290
by talking about two new
scenarios of insurance,
00:00:13.290 --> 00:00:15.030
and that's disability insurance,
00:00:15.030 --> 00:00:16.860
and that's long-term care insurance.
00:00:16.860 --> 00:00:19.560
And sometimes those two get confused.
00:00:19.560 --> 00:00:23.250
Disability is a situation
where, if for whatever reason,
00:00:23.250 --> 00:00:28.250
you become disabled, and you're
not able to work anymore,
00:00:28.260 --> 00:00:30.240
how are you going to support yourself,
00:00:30.240 --> 00:00:31.530
and support your family?
00:00:31.530 --> 00:00:33.840
You are going to need some form of income.
00:00:33.840 --> 00:00:36.630
And so that's what disability
insurance is all about.
00:00:36.630 --> 00:00:39.240
You pay the premium, and
if, for whatever reason,
00:00:39.240 --> 00:00:40.530
you are not able to work,
00:00:40.530 --> 00:00:42.750
because you've lost your ability to work,
00:00:42.750 --> 00:00:44.640
it can't just be I
don't feel like working.
00:00:44.640 --> 00:00:48.060
But if the insurers say,
"Okay, that's what was covered,
00:00:48.060 --> 00:00:49.590
that was one of the scenarios,
00:00:49.590 --> 00:00:51.780
you are no longer in a
position to do that job."
00:00:51.780 --> 00:00:55.260
Then that will cover your
income, up to some amount,
00:00:55.260 --> 00:00:58.230
depending on what the actual policy said.
00:00:58.230 --> 00:01:00.540
Now long-term care could be related to it,
00:01:00.540 --> 00:01:02.160
or it might not be.
00:01:02.160 --> 00:01:03.870
Above and beyond lost income,
00:01:03.870 --> 00:01:06.090
if you have some type of
an accident or disease
00:01:06.090 --> 00:01:09.570
that makes you not be
able to work anymore,
00:01:09.570 --> 00:01:12.510
you might have significant
medical expenses.
00:01:12.510 --> 00:01:15.930
You might have to, I
mean, these are situations
00:01:15.930 --> 00:01:17.970
that none of us want to see happen,
00:01:17.970 --> 00:01:20.100
but you might have a
extended stay in a hospital,
00:01:20.100 --> 00:01:22.860
which can be very, very, very expensive.
00:01:22.860 --> 00:01:25.530
Even if you are able to
maintain your income,
00:01:25.530 --> 00:01:27.390
because of some kind of
disability insurance,
00:01:27.390 --> 00:01:30.480
or have some income, it might
not be your full income,
00:01:30.480 --> 00:01:31.680
because of the disability insurance,
00:01:31.680 --> 00:01:33.120
you now have a much bigger expense,
00:01:33.120 --> 00:01:35.430
because of all these hospital expenses.
00:01:35.430 --> 00:01:38.910
And that's what that long-term
care insurance is all about.
00:01:38.910 --> 00:01:40.650
And it's not just for older people.
00:01:40.650 --> 00:01:42.960
It could be, and I keep
saying, this is a situation
00:01:42.960 --> 00:01:44.400
none of us want to be in,
00:01:44.400 --> 00:01:45.660
Where you get into an accident
00:01:45.660 --> 00:01:47.850
and you have an extended
stay in the hospital,
00:01:47.850 --> 00:01:49.500
it can cover that.
00:01:49.500 --> 00:01:52.350
So in some cases, employers will provide
00:01:52.350 --> 00:01:53.640
these types of insurances,
00:01:53.640 --> 00:01:56.880
but they're oftentimes not enough coverage
00:01:56.880 --> 00:01:58.680
to fully protect you.
00:01:58.680 --> 00:02:00.060
So if you're worried about these,
00:02:00.060 --> 00:02:02.400
and if you don't have
savings that can provide
00:02:02.400 --> 00:02:04.590
you and your family a
cushion, if one of these
00:02:04.590 --> 00:02:06.330
pretty horrible things happen to you,
00:02:06.330 --> 00:02:09.150
you might want to think
about disability insurance,
00:02:09.150 --> 00:02:12.033
and/or long-term care insurance.
|
Types of health insurance plans | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2m-18YW7yf4 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=2m-18YW7yf4&ei=n1WUZfy0GvGhhcIPpsOb6AM&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=2C30FF6075F941CC0D9D28DBC2DAED5692D28F26.5495CBFACA612B497674C789D72A05A6DA5045EF&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.990 --> 00:00:03.060
- So there are three ways
that you might be able
00:00:03.060 --> 00:00:04.470
to get yourself health insurance.
00:00:04.470 --> 00:00:06.480
The first way is that
you just get it directly,
00:00:06.480 --> 00:00:08.333
and that would be an individual plan.
00:00:08.333 --> 00:00:11.520
You pay the premium,
you get the insurance.
00:00:11.520 --> 00:00:14.610
The second way is many employers
will provide insurance.
00:00:14.610 --> 00:00:16.830
They will pay all of the premium,
00:00:16.830 --> 00:00:18.390
or a large chunk of the premium,
00:00:18.390 --> 00:00:20.850
in certain cases, they might
even pay a large chunk,
00:00:20.850 --> 00:00:23.160
or the full premium for family members,
00:00:23.160 --> 00:00:25.200
and then the third way is the government.
00:00:25.200 --> 00:00:26.910
You have programs like Medicare
00:00:26.910 --> 00:00:28.440
for primarily senior citizens,
00:00:28.440 --> 00:00:30.990
some other cases where other
folks might qualify as well.
00:00:30.990 --> 00:00:33.630
You have Medicaid for low income folks.
00:00:33.630 --> 00:00:37.410
You have also government
programs for say, veterans.
00:00:37.410 --> 00:00:39.630
Now, as I just alluded to,
00:00:39.630 --> 00:00:40.830
probably the biggest difference
00:00:40.830 --> 00:00:43.050
is who actually makes the payment.
00:00:43.050 --> 00:00:44.040
The government programs,
00:00:44.040 --> 00:00:47.010
it's the government who's
making the premium payment.
00:00:47.010 --> 00:00:49.380
In the employer case, it's the employer,
00:00:49.380 --> 00:00:53.070
and they're doing that with
pre-tax money, which matters.
00:00:53.070 --> 00:00:54.810
They're giving this to you as a benefit
00:00:54.810 --> 00:00:56.850
and you do not pay taxes
00:00:56.850 --> 00:01:00.150
on the money that they are
paying for your insurance.
00:01:00.150 --> 00:01:03.098
Well, with an individual plan,
you pay that out of pocket.
00:01:03.098 --> 00:01:05.430
You pay that yourself.
00:01:05.430 --> 00:01:08.640
Now, if you meet certain
income guidelines,
00:01:08.640 --> 00:01:10.800
and if you pay enough of a premium
00:01:10.800 --> 00:01:12.330
above a certain percentage of your income,
00:01:12.330 --> 00:01:14.610
some of that might be tax-deductible,
00:01:14.610 --> 00:01:17.310
but it is not fully tax-deductible
00:01:17.310 --> 00:01:19.830
the same way that when
your employer pays for it,
00:01:19.830 --> 00:01:21.150
you don't have to pay any taxes
00:01:21.150 --> 00:01:25.530
on that premium that they're
providing you at all.
00:01:25.530 --> 00:01:27.630
Now, on the individual side,
00:01:27.630 --> 00:01:31.140
because you are essentially
deciding what type
00:01:31.140 --> 00:01:32.490
of insurance you want,
00:01:32.490 --> 00:01:35.160
it would give you the maximum choice.
00:01:35.160 --> 00:01:37.380
Now, in certain cases,
that choice is limited,
00:01:37.380 --> 00:01:39.210
because when you're
getting an individual plan,
00:01:39.210 --> 00:01:41.040
they're deciding what the premium is or
00:01:41.040 --> 00:01:46.040
whether to even insure you
based on your situation,
00:01:46.290 --> 00:01:48.090
whether you have pre-existing conditions,
00:01:48.090 --> 00:01:50.730
your risk factor, et cetera,
00:01:50.730 --> 00:01:54.330
while with a government
or with an employer plan,
00:01:54.330 --> 00:01:56.520
they're not looking at your
individual circumstances.
00:01:56.520 --> 00:01:58.650
With an employer, the insurance
company will say, okay,
00:01:58.650 --> 00:02:01.080
what's the average risk
of all of the employees?
00:02:01.080 --> 00:02:02.880
And if you're a higher risk employee,
00:02:02.880 --> 00:02:04.770
the employer's going
to pay the same premium
00:02:04.770 --> 00:02:06.780
for you as they're
paying for everyone else,
00:02:06.780 --> 00:02:08.970
and so you get that same coverage.
00:02:08.970 --> 00:02:11.520
One potential negative
of an employer plan is
00:02:11.520 --> 00:02:13.860
that it might be a little
bit more limited in terms
00:02:13.860 --> 00:02:14.940
of the coverage options,
00:02:14.940 --> 00:02:17.340
but that's not always the case.
00:02:17.340 --> 00:02:20.190
Finally, government, you are going to have
00:02:20.190 --> 00:02:23.460
probably more limits on what type
00:02:23.460 --> 00:02:26.070
of healthcare you might
get, but once again,
00:02:26.070 --> 00:02:29.070
they are fully paying the premium there.
00:02:29.070 --> 00:02:31.260
Last but not least, we could
talk about deductibles.
00:02:31.260 --> 00:02:33.420
Generally speaking, the government plans
00:02:33.420 --> 00:02:34.920
are going to have the lowest deductibles.
00:02:34.920 --> 00:02:37.500
In some cases, they will
have no deductibles.
00:02:37.500 --> 00:02:40.050
In the case of an employer-sponsored plan
00:02:40.050 --> 00:02:41.190
or an individual plan,
00:02:41.190 --> 00:02:44.910
it really depends on which
plan you actually get.
00:02:44.910 --> 00:02:46.920
So for a lot of folks,
00:02:46.920 --> 00:02:51.270
if you're not retired,
if you're not low income,
00:02:51.270 --> 00:02:54.690
employer-sponsored plans are
probably where you wanna go,
00:02:54.690 --> 00:02:57.540
but if your employer
doesn't offer those plans
00:02:57.540 --> 00:02:59.010
or you're self-employed
00:02:59.010 --> 00:03:00.390
and you need get that insurance yourself,
00:03:00.390 --> 00:03:03.190
then of course, individual
plans is what you need to do.
|
Estate planning introduction | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VcDCRPWgnbM | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=VcDCRPWgnbM&ei=n1WUZfyCGtCKhcIPqoiGoA4&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=E94B81BF97A78A60A438E5EFEB6ACD5D212B7D25.D4FBF65CEEC0E55A8FF7A003853CE66BE8EEAA5F&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:01.110 --> 00:00:02.700
- So let's talk a little
bit about something
00:00:02.700 --> 00:00:04.860
that frankly I do not like to talk about
00:00:04.860 --> 00:00:06.630
and I don't think most
people like to talk about,
00:00:06.630 --> 00:00:11.580
and that's the notion of
becoming very ill and dying,
00:00:11.580 --> 00:00:15.240
and then what happens to
everyone that you leave behind?
00:00:15.240 --> 00:00:18.000
And to understand why this
is an important scenario,
00:00:18.000 --> 00:00:20.820
let's imagine, and I'll just
put myself in this scenario,
00:00:20.820 --> 00:00:22.350
hopefully this does not happen.
00:00:22.350 --> 00:00:24.000
Let's imagine a scenario where something
00:00:24.000 --> 00:00:27.270
like that happened to me and/or my wife
00:00:27.270 --> 00:00:29.730
without us doing any type of planning,
00:00:29.730 --> 00:00:31.380
any type of end of life planning,
00:00:31.380 --> 00:00:33.390
any type of estate planning.
00:00:33.390 --> 00:00:36.810
You'd have a situation where
let's say heaven forbid
00:00:36.810 --> 00:00:38.190
we got into a car accident
00:00:38.190 --> 00:00:40.830
and we are not in a
position to make decisions
00:00:40.830 --> 00:00:43.530
on should we be put on
life support forever?
00:00:43.530 --> 00:00:46.770
Should some experimental
procedure be done?
00:00:46.770 --> 00:00:49.590
If we haven't given a healthcare proxy,
00:00:49.590 --> 00:00:51.720
and that's someone that
you put in writing,
00:00:51.720 --> 00:00:54.930
usually someone like a partner
or a family member or a child
00:00:54.930 --> 00:00:57.540
that can make a decision
for you in the event
00:00:57.540 --> 00:00:59.370
that you can't make the
decision for yourself,
00:00:59.370 --> 00:01:00.690
if we have not done that,
00:01:00.690 --> 00:01:03.660
if we have not given a healthcare proxy,
00:01:03.660 --> 00:01:05.400
then it's going to be somewhat arbitrary
00:01:05.400 --> 00:01:07.320
what's going to happen
to us in that situation,
00:01:07.320 --> 00:01:09.660
and it might not happen in
a way that's good for us
00:01:09.660 --> 00:01:11.970
or in line with our wishes
00:01:11.970 --> 00:01:14.910
or in line with our family's wishes.
00:01:14.910 --> 00:01:19.110
But let's say that that
plays out and then we die.
00:01:19.110 --> 00:01:21.510
Let's say I die and let's
say my wife isn't there.
00:01:21.510 --> 00:01:24.030
This is really a morbid situation.
00:01:24.030 --> 00:01:26.880
But if I do no estate planning,
00:01:26.880 --> 00:01:29.820
then all of the things that I own
00:01:29.820 --> 00:01:34.290
are then going to go into a
court process known as probate.
00:01:34.290 --> 00:01:37.530
And probate is where the
court tries to figure out,
00:01:37.530 --> 00:01:39.210
well, okay, Sal had all of this stuff.
00:01:39.210 --> 00:01:41.970
This is his estate, and his
estate is both the things
00:01:41.970 --> 00:01:44.220
that he has but also
the things that he owes.
00:01:44.220 --> 00:01:47.160
I might have assets, but I
might owe money on a mortgage.
00:01:47.160 --> 00:01:49.620
I might have a car loan, I
might have credit card debt.
00:01:49.620 --> 00:01:51.900
So the court in the probate process
00:01:51.900 --> 00:01:54.660
tries to figure out, okay,
who's going to get the assets
00:01:54.660 --> 00:01:56.340
and who's going to be able to cover
00:01:56.340 --> 00:01:58.590
all of these liabilities,
00:01:58.590 --> 00:02:00.720
all of this debt that might be owned?
00:02:00.720 --> 00:02:05.070
And it can be a long
process in the interim
00:02:05.070 --> 00:02:08.940
in which my children or
other folks that I care about
00:02:08.940 --> 00:02:11.940
that ideally I would've liked
to have access to those assets
00:02:11.940 --> 00:02:13.530
don't have access to it.
00:02:13.530 --> 00:02:15.450
And sometimes it can be
a little bit arbitrary
00:02:15.450 --> 00:02:17.340
'cause it's gonna be decided by a court
00:02:17.340 --> 00:02:20.280
instead of me deciding ahead of time.
00:02:20.280 --> 00:02:22.920
And then just adding to that,
00:02:22.920 --> 00:02:24.750
if I haven't or my wife hasn't,
00:02:24.750 --> 00:02:26.760
whoever has passed away hasn't specified,
00:02:26.760 --> 00:02:27.720
what happens to your children?
00:02:27.720 --> 00:02:30.510
If you have children
who are still children,
00:02:30.510 --> 00:02:32.100
who's going to take care of them?
00:02:32.100 --> 00:02:34.680
If you haven't thought
about that and specified it,
00:02:34.680 --> 00:02:37.590
then a court might decide
just the nearest relative
00:02:37.590 --> 00:02:40.710
who may or may not want
to take care of your kids,
00:02:40.710 --> 00:02:44.700
and that might be, again,
a suboptimal situation.
00:02:44.700 --> 00:02:46.980
So in general, it's a good idea,
00:02:46.980 --> 00:02:49.950
especially once I would
say you have real people
00:02:49.950 --> 00:02:53.040
depending on you, probably once
you start to have a family,
00:02:53.040 --> 00:02:57.390
for someone to do end of life
planning, estate planning.
00:02:57.390 --> 00:02:58.837
Now some of you might
think, "Ah, I'm a kid.
00:02:58.837 --> 00:02:59.670
"I don't need to do this."
00:02:59.670 --> 00:03:02.610
Well, you can also talk to
your parents about doing this
00:03:02.610 --> 00:03:04.290
so that that type of scenario
00:03:04.290 --> 00:03:07.620
does not play out in your own life.
00:03:07.620 --> 00:03:10.440
And so it's important to
set a healthcare proxy,
00:03:10.440 --> 00:03:13.560
someone that you think understands
what you want to happen
00:03:13.560 --> 00:03:16.410
or has values similar to
yours to be your proxy
00:03:16.410 --> 00:03:19.860
in a situation that you
can't decide for yourself.
00:03:19.860 --> 00:03:22.680
It's important at minimum to have a will.
00:03:22.680 --> 00:03:25.717
A will will tell probate,
"Hey, these are my wishes.
00:03:25.717 --> 00:03:30.287
"I would like my children
to get my stocks equally,"
00:03:31.500 --> 00:03:33.280
or that one kid who
00:03:36.030 --> 00:03:37.770
has been rebellious, maybe
they get a little bit less.
00:03:37.770 --> 00:03:39.330
I don't advocate that type of thing,
00:03:39.330 --> 00:03:41.730
but at least it becomes clearer
00:03:41.730 --> 00:03:43.560
so that when it goes through probate,
00:03:43.560 --> 00:03:44.910
it's going to happen.
00:03:44.910 --> 00:03:47.100
Now, there's ways that
you can actually really
00:03:47.100 --> 00:03:48.570
make things happen much quicker
00:03:48.570 --> 00:03:50.460
than even going through
that probate process,
00:03:50.460 --> 00:03:54.540
and that's putting assets
into something called a trust.
00:03:54.540 --> 00:03:56.970
A trust is an entity that
assets can be put into,
00:03:56.970 --> 00:04:01.470
and essentially it's an
entity that uses those assets,
00:04:01.470 --> 00:04:03.750
especially once you're gone
or if you're not in a position
00:04:03.750 --> 00:04:05.280
to manage them yourself
00:04:05.280 --> 00:04:07.440
to then divvy it up amongst other folks.
00:04:07.440 --> 00:04:10.830
So I can tell you that my
family, we have created,
00:04:10.830 --> 00:04:13.320
we have put our assets,
or not all of them,
00:04:13.320 --> 00:04:14.153
but a lot of them,
00:04:14.153 --> 00:04:16.830
the ones are that the most
important ones into a trust
00:04:16.830 --> 00:04:21.830
so that if worst case
myself and my wife die,
00:04:22.020 --> 00:04:25.500
immediately our children will
have access to the assets
00:04:25.500 --> 00:04:29.850
and be able to manage
the estate, so to speak.
00:04:29.850 --> 00:04:32.460
And so generally speaking,
00:04:32.460 --> 00:04:35.730
it's very important to do
this planning ahead of time.
00:04:35.730 --> 00:04:37.530
There's other words that
you're going to hear
00:04:37.530 --> 00:04:38.880
when you hear about estate planning.
00:04:38.880 --> 00:04:41.250
Beneficiary. Well, that's
the people who will benefit.
00:04:41.250 --> 00:04:43.590
Those are the people who are likely to,
00:04:43.590 --> 00:04:46.170
these are the people who
are going to get the assets.
00:04:46.170 --> 00:04:47.310
You're going to hear words
00:04:47.310 --> 00:04:50.910
like guardianship of
minor children, guardian.
00:04:50.910 --> 00:04:53.640
A guardian is the person
who takes care of children
00:04:53.640 --> 00:04:55.380
who are not adults yet.
00:04:55.380 --> 00:04:57.690
But the very important thing to consider
00:04:57.690 --> 00:04:58.920
if you are an adult now,
00:04:58.920 --> 00:05:00.330
especially with people depending on you,
00:05:00.330 --> 00:05:01.350
is to do this planning.
00:05:01.350 --> 00:05:02.850
And if you are not an adult,
00:05:02.850 --> 00:05:05.220
maybe you are in the care of other people,
00:05:05.220 --> 00:05:07.290
they might view it as a
little bit self-serving
00:05:07.290 --> 00:05:08.880
but it really is just prudent,
00:05:08.880 --> 00:05:10.620
encourage them to think
about these things.
00:05:10.620 --> 00:05:13.080
Because I don't think anyone
wants their loved ones
00:05:13.080 --> 00:05:15.090
to have to struggle in these situations
00:05:15.090 --> 00:05:17.310
or just because of a
little lack of planning
00:05:17.310 --> 00:05:20.370
have to end up in a very,
very suboptimal situation,
00:05:20.370 --> 00:05:21.810
especially at a time where they're already
00:05:21.810 --> 00:05:23.190
probably going to be dealing with things.
00:05:23.190 --> 00:05:25.680
Because you are an amazing
person and if you are gone,
00:05:25.680 --> 00:05:27.300
they're going to be very sad about that
00:05:27.300 --> 00:05:28.740
and you don't want them
to also have to deal
00:05:28.740 --> 00:05:31.920
with the stress of dealing with probate,
00:05:31.920 --> 00:05:34.230
not having access to financial resources,
00:05:34.230 --> 00:05:35.790
having to live with family members
00:05:35.790 --> 00:05:38.340
that neither you nor they wanna live with.
00:05:38.340 --> 00:05:41.040
That can all be avoided with
a little bit of planning.
|
What are tax forms? (Part 2) | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1562KoBExA | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=W1562KoBExA&ei=n1WUZb6DINDGp-oP56wx&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=BB1EB276C9AF356EA16ADC187C91A2FB50B7490C.D1663E81D347BBE84E5D8E6EAFC02BEE0FEA6ACC&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:01.200
- [Instructor] In this video,
00:00:01.200 --> 00:00:03.510
we're gonna go into some
forms that are very useful
00:00:03.510 --> 00:00:06.300
when you are filling
out your income taxes.
00:00:06.300 --> 00:00:10.110
If you work for someone as an
employee, first and foremost,
00:00:10.110 --> 00:00:12.300
you're going to get a W-2 form.
00:00:12.300 --> 00:00:14.400
And I always find the
W-2 form interesting.
00:00:14.400 --> 00:00:17.370
You typically get it at the
beginning of a calendar year
00:00:17.370 --> 00:00:20.430
so that you have it in time
to file for your taxes.
00:00:20.430 --> 00:00:23.490
But it's a nice summary
of what you were paid,
00:00:23.490 --> 00:00:27.471
and what was withheld,
either at a federal level,
00:00:27.471 --> 00:00:30.270
for federal income tax,
for social security,
00:00:30.270 --> 00:00:31.350
but you also see things,
00:00:31.350 --> 00:00:34.470
like state taxes withheld on top of that.
00:00:34.470 --> 00:00:36.210
And so this is just a nice summary,
00:00:36.210 --> 00:00:37.500
and for a lot of folks,
00:00:37.500 --> 00:00:39.360
this is all the information
that you're going to need,
00:00:39.360 --> 00:00:41.850
if you don't have really
complicated things in your life,
00:00:41.850 --> 00:00:44.670
if you don't have a mortgage,
if you're not a landlord.
00:00:44.670 --> 00:00:46.740
if you're not an independent contractor,
00:00:46.740 --> 00:00:48.960
you're gonna be able to
fill out most of your taxes
00:00:48.960 --> 00:00:52.950
usually using just this
form right over here.
00:00:52.950 --> 00:00:55.050
Now, a lot of folks have income
00:00:55.050 --> 00:00:58.200
above and beyond the wages,
tips and other compensation
00:00:58.200 --> 00:01:00.030
that you get from your W-2
00:01:00.030 --> 00:01:01.830
or that you get from your employer,
00:01:01.830 --> 00:01:06.000
and that will show up
in some form of a 1099.
00:01:06.000 --> 00:01:08.880
So this is an example of a 1099
00:01:08.880 --> 00:01:10.440
for miscellaneous information,
00:01:10.440 --> 00:01:13.710
M-I-S-C, MISC, 1099 MISC, right over here.
00:01:13.710 --> 00:01:16.380
But there are 1099s for,
say, interest you get
00:01:16.380 --> 00:01:17.340
on your bank account,
00:01:17.340 --> 00:01:19.980
there are 1099s for dividends.
00:01:19.980 --> 00:01:21.750
A 1099 can be useful,
00:01:21.750 --> 00:01:23.460
let's say if you're an
independent contractor,
00:01:23.460 --> 00:01:26.160
So you're getting income, it's
not coming from an employer,
00:01:26.160 --> 00:01:28.410
it's coming from some type of a company
00:01:28.410 --> 00:01:30.030
that hired you to do something,
00:01:30.030 --> 00:01:32.190
but they're not giving
you benefits, et cetera.
00:01:32.190 --> 00:01:36.330
So a lot of folks might
have a 1099 of some form
00:01:36.330 --> 00:01:37.470
for that other income,
00:01:37.470 --> 00:01:39.390
that income that you're not
getting from your employer,
00:01:39.390 --> 00:01:40.950
and you'll get one 1099.
00:01:40.950 --> 00:01:42.480
Let's say you have two bank accounts,
00:01:42.480 --> 00:01:43.800
they're each giving you interest,
00:01:43.800 --> 00:01:46.590
you'll get one 1099 from each of those.
00:01:46.590 --> 00:01:50.130
Once again, very useful when
you're filling out your taxes.
00:01:50.130 --> 00:01:52.440
Now, the last form I'm going to show you
00:01:52.440 --> 00:01:53.910
is most relevant,
00:01:53.910 --> 00:01:56.433
well, especially this
version right over here,
00:01:57.684 --> 00:02:02.400
a 1098 is actually to document interest
00:02:02.400 --> 00:02:04.830
that you have paid to other parties,
00:02:04.830 --> 00:02:08.370
or other types of money
outflows, I should say,
00:02:08.370 --> 00:02:09.990
that might be tax deductible.
00:02:09.990 --> 00:02:12.480
So this one right over here, this 1098,
00:02:12.480 --> 00:02:14.880
is a mortgage interest statement,
00:02:14.880 --> 00:02:18.570
in many cases, the interest
that you pay on the mortgage
00:02:18.570 --> 00:02:21.930
on your actual house, so
not a rental property,
00:02:21.930 --> 00:02:22.770
not a second house,
00:02:22.770 --> 00:02:24.510
but on your actual house,
00:02:24.510 --> 00:02:28.837
that is oftentimes interest deductible.
00:02:28.837 --> 00:02:29.850
And there might be even cases
00:02:29.850 --> 00:02:31.410
where some of those other examples
00:02:31.410 --> 00:02:35.010
where the mortgage interest is
actually deductible as well.
00:02:35.010 --> 00:02:36.480
But this one,
00:02:36.480 --> 00:02:38.130
when you get this statement from
00:02:38.130 --> 00:02:41.370
whoever you're paying
your mortgage payments to,
00:02:41.370 --> 00:02:43.440
whoever you're borrowing from,
00:02:43.440 --> 00:02:44.730
this will also be useful
00:02:44.730 --> 00:02:46.630
when you are filling out your taxes
00:02:47.880 --> 00:02:49.770
to even see if you qualify
00:02:49.770 --> 00:02:53.160
for that mortgage interest deduction.
00:02:53.160 --> 00:02:54.270
So I'll stop there.
00:02:54.270 --> 00:02:55.950
There's many other tax forms,
00:02:55.950 --> 00:02:56.910
but these are the ones
00:02:56.910 --> 00:02:59.103
that most people are going to encounter.
|
What are tax forms? (Part 1) | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=boklbFhF8l8 | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=boklbFhF8l8&ei=n1WUZaD-Go2AWeCTtpAE&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=757E13045800C4BBE39976AD74018C4A8D1D4ECF.A343A3623D6A1401A2BCA7446E6AB3C5F9953F2F&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.540 --> 00:00:02.700
- [Instructor] What we're
gonna do in this video is
00:00:02.700 --> 00:00:06.120
at least get you a little bit
familiar with a bunch of forms
00:00:06.120 --> 00:00:08.940
that you're likely to
see when you get a job.
00:00:08.940 --> 00:00:09.773
And I'm not gonna go
00:00:09.773 --> 00:00:12.690
into deep detail on each of these forms,
00:00:12.690 --> 00:00:14.640
but just to give you
some basic familiarity
00:00:14.640 --> 00:00:18.540
so that you aren't caught
unaware when you actually
00:00:18.540 --> 00:00:20.550
have to fill these out yourself.
00:00:20.550 --> 00:00:22.320
So the first form that you're going to see
00:00:22.320 --> 00:00:24.930
when you get a job as an employee,
00:00:24.930 --> 00:00:25.763
and I'll talk a little bit
00:00:25.763 --> 00:00:27.990
about being an employee
versus being a contractor,
00:00:27.990 --> 00:00:29.820
but if you're going to go work for wages
00:00:29.820 --> 00:00:33.930
and you're going to get benefits,
then you are an employee.
00:00:33.930 --> 00:00:37.230
And this right over here is a Form I9,
00:00:37.230 --> 00:00:40.470
employment eligibility verification.
00:00:40.470 --> 00:00:42.090
And this is just to make sure
00:00:42.090 --> 00:00:44.580
that you are qualified
to work in this country.
00:00:44.580 --> 00:00:48.120
So you have some just basic
personal information up here.
00:00:48.120 --> 00:00:50.550
And then you say whether you're a citizen,
00:00:50.550 --> 00:00:52.980
a non-citizen national
of the United States,
00:00:52.980 --> 00:00:54.834
a lawful permanent resident,
00:00:54.834 --> 00:00:59.310
or an alien authorized to
work, et cetera, et cetera.
00:00:59.310 --> 00:01:03.030
So that's the whole reason for this form.
00:01:03.030 --> 00:01:05.820
Now, another form that
you are going to fill out
00:01:05.820 --> 00:01:10.820
if you are starting a job
as an employee is a W4,
00:01:11.640 --> 00:01:14.310
employee's withholding certificate.
00:01:14.310 --> 00:01:17.580
And this is to let the employer know
00:01:17.580 --> 00:01:21.030
on every paycheck you get,
how much should be withheld
00:01:21.030 --> 00:01:23.850
and sent to the IRS?
00:01:23.850 --> 00:01:25.560
So we talk about this in other videos,
00:01:25.560 --> 00:01:27.630
but every time you get paid
00:01:27.630 --> 00:01:29.520
your employer is gonna
set aside some money
00:01:29.520 --> 00:01:30.939
and essentially pay your taxes.
00:01:30.939 --> 00:01:33.560
And at the end of the year,
when you do your taxes
00:01:33.560 --> 00:01:36.420
you're going to make sure that
the right amount was paid.
00:01:36.420 --> 00:01:39.540
If your employer withheld
more than they needed to,
00:01:39.540 --> 00:01:41.580
you'll get a refund,
you'll get some money back.
00:01:41.580 --> 00:01:45.330
And if the employer did
not withhold enough,
00:01:45.330 --> 00:01:49.000
then you are going to have
to pay some extra taxes.
00:01:49.000 --> 00:01:50.220
So once again,
00:01:50.220 --> 00:01:52.620
you just have your personal
information up here.
00:01:52.620 --> 00:01:57.480
And then they ask some
things about dependence
00:01:57.480 --> 00:01:58.470
and other things.
00:01:58.470 --> 00:01:59.370
And at the bottom of this,
00:01:59.370 --> 00:02:01.560
let me actually just go
down so that you can see it,
00:02:01.560 --> 00:02:04.080
you just sign that this is valid.
00:02:04.080 --> 00:02:06.300
So it shouldn't take you
too much time to fill it out
00:02:06.300 --> 00:02:11.300
but it can impact how
much is actually withheld
00:02:11.610 --> 00:02:12.990
on each pay cycle.
00:02:12.990 --> 00:02:16.590
Now, as you go into a new calendar year,
00:02:16.590 --> 00:02:20.310
so let's say we're
going from 2023 to 2024,
00:02:20.310 --> 00:02:22.470
usually in the beginning
of the new calendar year
00:02:22.470 --> 00:02:24.570
you'll get a W2.
00:02:24.570 --> 00:02:26.066
And this is very important
00:02:26.066 --> 00:02:29.730
for actually filling out your taxes.
00:02:29.730 --> 00:02:32.100
So this is essentially
a summary that you get
00:02:32.100 --> 00:02:33.120
from your employer.
00:02:33.120 --> 00:02:34.590
So the previous two I just showed,
00:02:34.590 --> 00:02:37.530
you fill it out when you start a job.
00:02:37.530 --> 00:02:39.150
But then in the new calendar year
00:02:39.150 --> 00:02:40.890
you get this from the employer.
00:02:40.890 --> 00:02:44.040
And it's really important
for filling out your taxes.
00:02:44.040 --> 00:02:45.390
Because when you fill out your taxes,
00:02:45.390 --> 00:02:47.190
you can put in these numbers of, well,
00:02:47.190 --> 00:02:50.970
what were your total wages,
tips and other compensation?
00:02:50.970 --> 00:02:52.320
How much was withheld?
00:02:52.320 --> 00:02:56.430
And remember that how much was
withheld could be influenced
00:02:56.430 --> 00:03:00.990
by that W4, how much
of this right over here
00:03:00.990 --> 00:03:02.400
is the social security wages.
00:03:02.400 --> 00:03:05.760
So the wages that could
be used to calculate
00:03:05.760 --> 00:03:09.030
how much social security tax is withheld.
00:03:09.030 --> 00:03:10.290
And it goes on and on and on.
00:03:10.290 --> 00:03:12.030
Trust me, you want this form.
00:03:12.030 --> 00:03:14.025
In fact, you need this
form, in most cases, around
00:03:14.025 --> 00:03:16.284
when you are actually filling your taxes.
00:03:16.284 --> 00:03:17.850
And it's interesting to look at
00:03:17.850 --> 00:03:19.800
because it's an interesting summary
00:03:19.800 --> 00:03:22.800
for what happened in that previous year.
00:03:22.800 --> 00:03:24.090
Now, everything I just talked about
00:03:24.090 --> 00:03:26.130
is if you are an employee.
00:03:26.130 --> 00:03:29.310
There might be situations
where you are a contractor.
00:03:29.310 --> 00:03:32.700
A contractor is also
someone who does something
00:03:32.700 --> 00:03:35.610
for a company, but an
employee is someone where
00:03:35.610 --> 00:03:38.100
you're getting wages,
you're getting regular wages
00:03:38.100 --> 00:03:40.050
for certain expectations,
00:03:40.050 --> 00:03:41.340
that you're maybe you're going to show up
00:03:41.340 --> 00:03:42.660
for a certain number of hours
00:03:42.660 --> 00:03:45.180
or do certain types of regular work.
00:03:45.180 --> 00:03:47.820
You typically will get benefits for that.
00:03:47.820 --> 00:03:50.532
While a contractor is
in some ways operating
00:03:50.532 --> 00:03:52.470
at a higher level, hey,
you're gonna build this
00:03:52.470 --> 00:03:54.600
for me and I'm gonna pay you,
but you're not an employee.
00:03:54.600 --> 00:03:56.760
You might do it only for
a certain amount of time.
00:03:56.760 --> 00:04:01.320
Or we, the company, can't decide when
00:04:01.320 --> 00:04:03.900
and how you do your work
as long as you get it done
00:04:03.900 --> 00:04:05.580
by a certain date.
00:04:05.580 --> 00:04:10.560
And so for contractors, you
might see a form like this.
00:04:10.560 --> 00:04:13.500
And this is really so that the company
00:04:13.500 --> 00:04:15.510
that is hiring the contractor
00:04:15.510 --> 00:04:18.240
can get a taxpayer identification number.
00:04:18.240 --> 00:04:19.073
Now you might be wondering,
00:04:19.073 --> 00:04:21.270
what is a taxpayer identification number?
00:04:21.270 --> 00:04:24.750
Well, in many cases if you're
just an individual contractor
00:04:24.750 --> 00:04:26.970
it might be your social security number.
00:04:26.970 --> 00:04:28.260
But there's other situations,
00:04:28.260 --> 00:04:30.453
I won't go into all of the details there.
00:04:30.453 --> 00:04:32.670
So the big takeaway,
00:04:32.670 --> 00:04:34.710
especially when you're starting
to engage with the company,
00:04:34.710 --> 00:04:35.970
especially as an employee
00:04:35.970 --> 00:04:38.070
and we just talked a little
bit about, as a contractor,
00:04:38.070 --> 00:04:40.200
you're gonna have to
fill out all these forms.
00:04:40.200 --> 00:04:42.390
Don't be intimidated by it.
00:04:42.390 --> 00:04:43.440
Most of 'em just require you
00:04:43.440 --> 00:04:45.360
to fill out some personal information.
00:04:45.360 --> 00:04:46.980
It's good to know what that form is for.
00:04:46.980 --> 00:04:48.855
And then you typically sign at the bottom.
00:04:48.855 --> 00:04:50.820
But hopefully now you're going to go in
00:04:50.820 --> 00:04:52.293
a little bit more prepared.
|
Key tax terms | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xDPM2Py7ALw | vtt | https://www.youtube.com/api/timedtext?v=xDPM2Py7ALw&ei=n1WUZcGpIMuLp-oP-tCj8AU&caps=asr&opi=112496729&xoaf=5&hl=en&ip=0.0.0.0&ipbits=0&expire=1704245263&sparams=ip%2Cipbits%2Cexpire%2Cv%2Cei%2Ccaps%2Copi%2Cxoaf&signature=C0AE006B2DAF1603DB3A8A58D89B5486D35853A8.9BBFDC231CFD975DF734CAD21244E8BA2F6760E1&key=yt8&lang=en&name=Default&fmt=vtt | en | WEBVTT
Kind: captions
Language: en
00:00:00.600 --> 00:00:01.680
- [Instructor] What we're going to do here
00:00:01.680 --> 00:00:04.740
is a little bit of a case
study in doing taxes.
00:00:04.740 --> 00:00:06.810
So we have a situation where someone
00:00:06.810 --> 00:00:11.190
is bringing in $50,000
in this current tax year
00:00:11.190 --> 00:00:12.023
in gross income.
00:00:12.023 --> 00:00:14.520
So this is everything from their salaries,
00:00:14.520 --> 00:00:15.930
tips they might make,
00:00:15.930 --> 00:00:18.210
if they act as a contractor,
payments for that.
00:00:18.210 --> 00:00:21.000
It could be dividend
income if they own stocks.
00:00:21.000 --> 00:00:25.230
It could be interest
on bank accounts or CDs
00:00:25.230 --> 00:00:26.063
that they might have.
00:00:26.063 --> 00:00:30.330
And so when you add up all
of that, we get to $50,000.
00:00:30.330 --> 00:00:35.330
Now you aren't taxed on your
gross income just as is.
00:00:35.490 --> 00:00:38.040
Typically, you're going to adjust it
00:00:38.040 --> 00:00:40.410
to figure out what your taxable income is
00:00:40.410 --> 00:00:43.200
and then you'll go and look
at the various tax brackets
00:00:43.200 --> 00:00:44.820
and calculate your taxes.
00:00:44.820 --> 00:00:45.750
And just so you know,
00:00:45.750 --> 00:00:48.330
these are not the real tax
brackets in the United States.
00:00:48.330 --> 00:00:50.280
These have never been
the real tax brackets
00:00:50.280 --> 00:00:51.330
in the United States.
00:00:51.330 --> 00:00:54.420
I simplified it, one,
to make the numbers easy
00:00:54.420 --> 00:00:57.300
so I can do it with
back-of-the-envelope math,
00:00:57.300 --> 00:01:00.660
but also these are constantly
changing in the real world
00:01:00.660 --> 00:01:02.970
and I don't wanna have to
keep redoing this video
00:01:02.970 --> 00:01:04.620
every time they change the tax brackets.
00:01:04.620 --> 00:01:07.680
But it's gonna give you the
general idea of what's going on.
00:01:07.680 --> 00:01:10.140
So these are made up tax
brackets and tax rates
00:01:10.140 --> 00:01:12.930
and this is also a made
up standard deduction.
00:01:12.930 --> 00:01:13.920
We're gonna talk in a little bit
00:01:13.920 --> 00:01:16.170
about what a standard deduction is.
00:01:16.170 --> 00:01:18.450
So going back to the
case study of this person
00:01:18.450 --> 00:01:21.450
in this taxable year,
gross income $50,000.
00:01:21.450 --> 00:01:24.240
And then they have what we're calling
00:01:24.240 --> 00:01:26.460
above-the-line deductions.
00:01:26.460 --> 00:01:27.900
And above-the-line deductions,
00:01:27.900 --> 00:01:30.630
you can view these as
deductions to your gross income
00:01:30.630 --> 00:01:32.373
that you can make no matter what.
00:01:33.600 --> 00:01:35.250
The history of why it's
called above-the-line,
00:01:35.250 --> 00:01:37.680
it's the first form of
the typical tax form,
00:01:37.680 --> 00:01:40.080
so let me say above the line.
00:01:40.080 --> 00:01:43.050
Above the line.
00:01:43.050 --> 00:01:45.060
You can make these types of
deductions no matter what.
00:01:45.060 --> 00:01:46.590
This isn't an exhaustive list
00:01:46.590 --> 00:01:49.110
but these are ones that are
actually reasonably typical,
00:01:49.110 --> 00:01:51.570
things like a 401K contribution.
00:01:51.570 --> 00:01:56.190
This is a pre-tax contribution
to a retirement account,
00:01:56.190 --> 00:02:00.720
to a defined contribution
retirement account so to speak,
00:02:00.720 --> 00:02:02.580
where you put a certain
amount of money every year
00:02:02.580 --> 00:02:04.020
and that money is pre-tax.
00:02:04.020 --> 00:02:06.630
So it gets taken down
from your gross income
00:02:06.630 --> 00:02:08.910
to figure out what your
actual taxable income
00:02:08.910 --> 00:02:09.990
is going to be.
00:02:09.990 --> 00:02:13.170
Student loan interest is
also typically deductible
00:02:13.170 --> 00:02:14.910
from your gross income.
00:02:14.910 --> 00:02:16.620
And when we deduct those,
00:02:16.620 --> 00:02:20.430
we are left with our
adjusted gross income.
00:02:20.430 --> 00:02:25.430
Let me write here, add
adjusted, I lost a T there,
00:02:25.500 --> 00:02:30.500
adjusted gross income, which in this case
00:02:31.260 --> 00:02:34.230
is going to be, well it's gonna be $50,000
00:02:34.230 --> 00:02:36.600
minus 2,000, minus 3,000,
00:02:36.600 --> 00:02:41.490
so that gets us to $45,000.
00:02:41.490 --> 00:02:44.250
Now we're not ready to
just take this $45,000
00:02:44.250 --> 00:02:46.110
and figure out how that will be taxed
00:02:46.110 --> 00:02:47.670
based on this schedule here,
00:02:47.670 --> 00:02:49.260
this chart right over here.
00:02:49.260 --> 00:02:51.120
We're not ready to make more deductions,
00:02:51.120 --> 00:02:53.490
and we can view these as
below-the-line deductions.
00:02:53.490 --> 00:02:55.470
And this is where it gets interesting.
00:02:55.470 --> 00:02:59.010
You could go the path
of itemized deductions.
00:02:59.010 --> 00:03:00.540
So that's looking at things like,
00:03:00.540 --> 00:03:03.030
okay, did you make any
donations to charity?
00:03:03.030 --> 00:03:07.200
Or do you have any mortgage
interest on your home mortgage?
00:03:07.200 --> 00:03:08.550
And so let me write these,
00:03:08.550 --> 00:03:09.873
these are itemized.
00:03:11.220 --> 00:03:12.420
Itemized.
00:03:12.420 --> 00:03:14.730
So if you itemized your deductions
00:03:14.730 --> 00:03:16.950
you'd say, "Okay, I have a total of $9,000
00:03:16.950 --> 00:03:19.170
of itemized deductions right over here."
00:03:19.170 --> 00:03:23.160
I would take that from the $45,000,
00:03:23.160 --> 00:03:27.180
and I could have a
situation where my taxable,
00:03:27.180 --> 00:03:32.180
taxable income would be 45,000 minus nine
00:03:33.960 --> 00:03:37.740
which is going to be, lemme
draw a little line over here.
00:03:37.740 --> 00:03:42.570
This is going to be
$36,000 of taxable income.
00:03:42.570 --> 00:03:44.160
Now you could just take
that and figure out
00:03:44.160 --> 00:03:45.660
what you're now going to have to pay.
00:03:45.660 --> 00:03:48.750
But there's another
interesting alternative path
00:03:48.750 --> 00:03:50.430
that you should know about.
00:03:50.430 --> 00:03:53.250
As opposed to itemizing your deductions,
00:03:53.250 --> 00:03:55.650
your below-the-line
deductions, so to speak,
00:03:55.650 --> 00:03:57.540
where you have to list them all out,
00:03:57.540 --> 00:04:02.540
your other option is to just
take the standard deduction.
00:04:02.880 --> 00:04:06.780
Now in this situation, the
standard deduction is $10,000.
00:04:06.780 --> 00:04:08.340
So let's see what happens if instead
00:04:08.340 --> 00:04:10.200
of itemizing our deductions,
00:04:10.200 --> 00:04:15.200
we were to just take out the
$10,000 standard deduction.
00:04:15.420 --> 00:04:18.150
Well, in that situation,
our taxable income
00:04:18.150 --> 00:04:21.750
is going to be 45,000 minus 10,000,
00:04:21.750 --> 00:04:25.620
which is going to be $35,000.
00:04:25.620 --> 00:04:27.930
Now, generally speaking,
unless you just like
00:04:27.930 --> 00:04:29.580
giving money to the government,
00:04:29.580 --> 00:04:31.590
you wanna minimize your taxable income.
00:04:31.590 --> 00:04:33.060
You wanna do that legally.
00:04:33.060 --> 00:04:34.380
And in this situation
00:04:34.380 --> 00:04:37.140
when we pick the standard deduction route,
00:04:37.140 --> 00:04:39.780
we actually have a lower taxable income.
00:04:39.780 --> 00:04:42.630
So this is the path that you
are going to want to take.
00:04:42.630 --> 00:04:45.150
And now that we've calculated
this taxable income,
00:04:45.150 --> 00:04:49.500
this $35,000, we are ready
to now actually calculate
00:04:49.500 --> 00:04:52.800
based on this schedule of
the actual tax brackets.
00:04:52.800 --> 00:04:55.500
So one way to think about
it is the first 10,000
00:04:55.500 --> 00:04:58.080
right over here, we are
going to have no tax.
00:04:58.080 --> 00:04:59.130
So let me put that here.
00:04:59.130 --> 00:05:04.130
So we have 10K, no tax, no tax.
00:05:05.070 --> 00:05:08.250
Now the next $10,000 right over here
00:05:08.250 --> 00:05:10.590
is going to be taxed at 10%.
00:05:10.590 --> 00:05:15.590
So the next 10K is going
to be taxed at 10%.
00:05:16.710 --> 00:05:18.900
So now, sorry, my dog barked.
00:05:18.900 --> 00:05:23.900
So now we've accounted for
20K, we have $15,000 left,
00:05:24.420 --> 00:05:25.620
so we go into the next bracket.
00:05:25.620 --> 00:05:28.170
The next bracket actually
accounts for the next 20,000.
00:05:28.170 --> 00:05:29.760
We don't have that much,
00:05:29.760 --> 00:05:32.940
but if I just write over here, say okay,
00:05:32.940 --> 00:05:36.570
my next 15K, which is all
I have, falls over here,
00:05:36.570 --> 00:05:39.780
so I'm going to say the next 15K
00:05:39.780 --> 00:05:43.200
is going to be taxed at 20%.
00:05:43.200 --> 00:05:45.660
And this is federal taxes that
we are talking about here.
00:05:45.660 --> 00:05:47.400
You're gonna have to do it another time
00:05:47.400 --> 00:05:49.200
for your state taxes.
00:05:49.200 --> 00:05:51.570
But now let's calculate our total tax.
00:05:51.570 --> 00:05:54.330
First $10,000, no tax.
00:05:54.330 --> 00:05:55.800
So we don't have to worry about that.
00:05:55.800 --> 00:05:59.040
Now, $10,000 being taxed at 10%,
00:05:59.040 --> 00:06:02.670
10% of 10,000 is $1,000.
00:06:02.670 --> 00:06:06.960
And then $15,000 being taxed at 20%,
00:06:06.960 --> 00:06:09.960
that's going to be $3,000.
00:06:09.960 --> 00:06:12.000
And so you add these up
00:06:12.000 --> 00:06:15.180
and you get a total federal
tax in this situation
00:06:15.180 --> 00:06:17.970
in this made up tax
brackets that I just did,
00:06:17.970 --> 00:06:21.660
in this made up example of $4,000.
00:06:21.660 --> 00:06:23.550
But hopefully that gives you an idea
00:06:23.550 --> 00:06:26.310
of how taxes are actually calculated
00:06:26.310 --> 00:06:28.173
and a little bit of the terminology.
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