instruction
stringlengths 283
3.53k
| input
stringclasses 1
value | output
stringclasses 3
values | label
int64 0
2
| history
sequence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:…preferred TFs ranged from 0.25 to 6.5 Hz (mean = 1.1 Hz), which were consistent with previous electrophysiological reports (Niell and Stryker, 2008; Gao et al., 2010; LeDue et al., 2012, 2013), and within the ranges indicated by recent multi-photon imaging studies (Andermann et al., 2011; Marshel…
Category: | result | 2 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:…processes, such as incentive salience (Knutson et al, 2000; Knutson et al, 2001; Knutson et al, 2003), the hedonic experience of reward (O’Doherty et al, 2001), and reward learning (Asaad and Eskandar, 2011; Berns et al, 2001; McClure et al, 2003; O’Doherty et al, 2003; Schultz, et al,…
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:[33] reported that selenium deficiency led to a decline in selenoprotein levels, which resulted in a deficiency in muscle functions.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:micranthos were sampled in 102 sites in its invaded and native ranges, as previously reported (Shipunov et al., 2008).
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:However, it has been supposed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the impairment of salivary gland function due to aging, inflammation, drugs, and ionizing irradiation [1-4].
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:There is no doubt that IgA nephropathy is an extremely common disease (5-8).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:As discussed in [3, 36], non-rigid parts of animal categories usually present great challenges for part localization.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:…2005), with research documenting the unique role of dehumanization in shaping intergroup hostility (e.g., Andrighetto et al., 2014; Haslam, 2006; Kteily et al., 2015), we theorized that meta-dehumanization would uniquely predict aggressive outgroup attitudes and behavior via reciprocated…
Category: | result | 2 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Our results are in agreement with the general model of Parton et al. (2007) where initial N concentrations of tissues control
N immobilization and mineralization more than climate and other litter quality parameters.
Category: | result | 2 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Noscapine (Nos) is an antitussive agent that has been used for decades for its cough-suppressive action (Ke et al., 2000; Ye et al., 1998).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:The Actigraph accelerometer (Actigraph, Pensacola, Florida) has been extensively and successfully used to assess physical activity in children in both small [4,5,6,7,8,9] and large scale [10,11] epidemiological studies.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:The tuberin/hamartin complex can also associate with and positively regulate mTORC2 (Wullschleger et al., 2006; Dann et al., 2007; Guertin and Sabatini, 2007; Yang and Guan, 2007).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:In eight of these patients, venous or arterial thromboembolism was the reason for hospital admission and subsequent heparin therapy [16, 22, 32, 36, 42].
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:In the CAPOA algorithm, occlusion detection is based on image blocks, not individual pixels as is done in [7], [8], [23] and [24], because spatial context plays an important role in deciding whether a target is occluded.
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:This result is consistent with other research suggesting that USVs are not related to cocaine- or amphetamine-induced locomotor activity (Taracha et al. 2012, 2014; Ahrens et al. 2013).
Category: | result | 2 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Many studies consistently report a lack of significant differences between organically and conventionally grown food in terms of safety and nutritional value, suggesting that crops and livestock products produced in both farming systems are comparable with regard to their nutrient content (Smith-Spangler et al. 2012).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:An alternative dose description approach, using pharmacokinetic analyses based on models described in the literature (Willems et al., 2001; Quick and Shuler, 1999; Sweeney et al., 1996; Frederick et al., 1998, 2001; NTP, 2000) was evaluated.
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Besides, it provides intelligence to both the physical and medium access control (MAC) layers and network information to upper layers [8].
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:context (Cooper et al. 1994; Coggon et al. 2000; Sandmark et al. 2000; Seidler et al. 2008; Klussmann et al. 2010).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Particles size of the diet seems to have great importance in regulating the intake in broiler chickens, that show preference for diets containing larger particles instead of those finely ground (Nir et al., 1994a).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:We conclude that the FSClow OX1low cells represent microglia which are smaller than macrophages and lymphocytes (Milligan et al., 1991) and have a lower OX1 expression than haematogenously derived cells (Sedgwick et al., 1991).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:The use of SAT-solving is of course the essence of MACE-style model-finding, but the difference here is that we do not simply work with the ground instances of the input theory, T, over a fixed set of constants.
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:…to Zeilberger (1990), Chyzak (2000) and Koutschan (2013) for the holonomic approach, to Wilf and Zeilberger (1992), Wegschaider (1997) and Apagodu and Zeilberger (2006) for the multi-sum approach, or to Schneider (2005a, 2008, 2010c, 2015) for further refinements of the difference field approach.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:For comparison, we also implement the multiparty FSS scheme in [14] using 2048 bit Paillier encryption [48].
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Based on current evidence, patients not suitable for the Stupp et al.(1,2) protocol of chemo-radiation to a dose of 60 Gy in 30 fractions include alternative hypofractioned regimes such as 40 Gy in 15 fractions, 45 Gy in 20 fractions and 34 Gy in 10 fractions.
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:…2011 [10]
Reconstruction of ulna fracture after resection of tumour Reversed lateral upper arm flap with vascularized distal humerus Ulna 1 Good
3 Zhen et al., 2011 [11] Reconstruction of severe tibial shaft fractures Free vascularized fibula or osteocutaneous fibular flap Tibia 38 Good outcome…
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Initial observations suggested this cell population possesses retinal stem cell properties, yet further analysis demonstrated that these cells could not differentiate into retinal neurons in vitro or in vivo (Cicero et al., 2009; Gualdoni et al., 2010).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Theory of Mind Assessment Scale
The Theory of Mind Assessment Scale (Th.o.m.a.s., Bosco et al., 2009a) is a semi-structured interview using a unitary methodology to investigate the various aspects of ToM abilities and to delineate a comprehensive profile thereof (see Appendix A).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Lymphoma is a multiorgan condition that can affect intraocular and periocular structures such as the choroid, retina, vitreous, conjunctiva, and orbit.(1-20) Systemic nonHodgkin lymphoma is estimated to affect 43 000 persons per year in the United States; ocular involvement is uncommon, representing approximately 2% of all extranodal lymphoma cases.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Previous studies have shown that the intracellular correlates of SRFPs are dominated by GABA-A receptordependent IPSPs (IPSCs in voltage-clamp recordings) in both CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons (Wu et al., 2002, 2005a).
Category: | result | 2 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:This result is comparable to results of previous reports that showed a prevalence of ON after internal fixation to be between 11 and 25% [1, 4, 16, 18, 27, 28].
Category: | result | 2 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:For example, by using IBN-Net, DenseNet169 [13], ResNet101 [8], ResNeXt101 [31], and SE-ResNet101 [12], outperform their original versions by 0.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:The subsurface location C has essentially no elastic stress concentration but it has a residual tensile stress of about 0:4 Y. Fatigue cracks have been observed to nucleate at all three locations (Peters et al., 2002).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:…of contractile stress fibers (SFs), transmembrane actin-associated (TAN) lines on the dorsal cell surface that position the nucleus, filopodia at the leading edge, isotropic cortical actin networks, and actin important for mitochondrial fission (Skau and Waterman 2015; Campellone and Welch 2010).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:different from unity [43], but available methods for calculating non-ideal behavior of protein solutions are referenced to electrolyte solutions [44] and depend on structural parameters of proteins that would be difficult to deduce from metagenomic sequence fragments.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:It has been shown that the dopaminergic protection exerted by estradiol involves the interaction between neurons and astrocytes [10].
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:While Masek et al. (1994) called for an orographic precipitation control on the overall shape of the Beni basin, Safran et al. (2005) did
not find explicit correlations between erosion and climate with the existing data sets.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:However, the AD filter applicability is only robust on specific regions of interest, mainly on areas where exist dense fiber concentrations, such as the corpus callosum (Moraschi et al., 2010).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:However, not every patient has access to support fromAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander-specific staff as these roles are not available in many locations throughout Australia.(6,16,68,69) In terms of managing symptoms, functional impairments and side-effects, some Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients with experience of cancer reported a limited understanding of clinical notions of pain relief and cultural concerns can impact pain management.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:The content of neutral detergent fi ber (NDF) was evaluated according MERTENS (2002), using an Ankom fi ber analyzer.
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:The current staging system for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging,(2) which provides only a definition of the anatomic extent of the neoplasia: size, location, and extent of the primary lesion; presence and location of the locoregional lymph node metastasis; and systemic metastatic disease.
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Sarbu [14] considered hyperintense fluid occurred more frequently and earlier in high-grade gliomas than in low-grade ones, which is something expected for a sign related to disease progression, given that high-grade gliomas progress earlier and more frequently than low-grade gliomas.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:England et al. (2006) suggested that recent Indian Ocean warming trends across the eastern basin bias the SST distribution to a pattern that
4 corresponds to anomalous dry conditions for SWWA.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Maternal diabetes has been shown to alter the expression of genes involved in neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and differentiation of NSCs, leading to neural tube defects [7,11].
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:…consistent with previous evidences in mice, showing a predominant expression of PLCb1 protein (Gerfen et al., 1988; Hannan et al., 1998; Hozumi et al., 2008; Fukaya et al., 2008) in cerebral cortex, caudate–putamen and hippocampus, along with lower levels in diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:4%) individuals with psoriatic arthritis had CD (the Swedish study used no controls; Lindqvist et al., 2002).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:In view of the lack of effect of 3 days of UUO on AT1 and AT2 receptor mRNA in either obstructed or contralateral kidneys (48), it is likely that these effects are mediated by signaling downstream from ANG binding with its receptors and modulated by the stretched tubules in the obstructed kidney.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:The
isoforms differ in sequence primarily by the inclusion of an extended N-terminus (‘short
consensus repeats’ or ‘sushi domains’) on the GABAB(1a) isoform (Kaupmann et al. 1998a).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Climate15 change alters global meteorological processes such as atmospheric circulation and precipitation (Seneviratne et al., 2006; IPCC 2012).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:5-fold more often at late stationary phase (323 sites) (Okanishi et al. 2014) than mid-stationary phase (129 sites; this study).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Both crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated from odds ratios produced by the logistic regression models using the approach suggested by Cummings (2009).
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:These results support a model in which EBV matures via a similar pathway to other herpesviruses, as previously thought (Johnson and Baines, 2011; Henaff et al., 2012).
Category: | result | 2 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:computationally expensive, including DTW [26], [38], [4], [25] and EDR [11], whose computation cost is OðnÞ, where
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Stimuli The stimulus figures were the random polygons originally developed by Attneave and Arnoult (1956) and modified by Cooper (1975; Cooper & Podgorny, 1976), with examples shown in Figure 1.
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:In previous studies, the L791P mutation did not affect the ability of BCAR1 to promote SRC activation and COS cell migration (30), whereas the L791D mutation partially reduced the BCAR3-dependent increase in the hyperphosphorylated BCAR1 upper band (39) and BCAR3-dependent SRC activation (51).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:K+–2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC2) and the K+ channel (ROMK) in the TAL (Riccardi & Brown, 2010).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:This was supported by the results of multivariate analysis that showed PiB PET to be the strongest predictor of progres-
sion to AD.
Category: | result | 2 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:…from both monocots and eudicots pointing to the early origin of the diverging D-type cyclin groups and to the reported conservation of expression patterns and/or function of the corresponding genes within each clade (Vandepoele et al. 2002; Menges et al. 2007; De Almeida-Engler et al. 2009).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Estimation of equation (4) is then conducted simultaneously with the family planning outcome equation (3) via the method of Limited Information Maximum Likelihood (LIML) [48].
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:studies available comprise a limited and inhomogeneous patient sample [5,6,8-11,13].
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:The face detector, built with the same approach as that of Viola and Jones [16], had an accuracy of more than 95 %.
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:…for regulating development of neocortical areas as well as for expansion and gyrification of the forebrain during primate evolution (Fietz et al., 2010; Hansen et al., 2010; Lui et al., 2011; Reillo et al., 2011), although this is still controversial (Hevner and Haydar, 2012; Kelava et al., 2012).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:All these results recently obtained, in a rat model of pancreatic cancer [33] are in agreement with our results.
Category: | result | 2 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:2014) in eukaryotes, and propionylation in bacteria (Okanishi et al. 2014) were recently revealed as prevalent PTMs.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Our results show that gene flow has indeed had a contribution to the recovery after bottlenecks as suggested by Hailer et al. (2007).
Category: | result | 2 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:In more than 150 human WAT samples collected and processed as we previously described (5, 11), the percentage of nonhematopoietic (CD45
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:in [22] pointed out that it would be interesting to investigate discontinuous neural networks with more general delays.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Since relatesTo arguably subsume the relation of containment, Urinary Content, Profile-Defining Content and Profile-Defining Presence become special cases of Urinary Relatum, Profile-Defining Relatum and Profile-Defining Context respectively (e.g. as Urinary Content is something related to some Urine by a relation of
7 Although the original work concerning UFO and OntoUML [Guizzardi, 2005] prescribes that antirigid types (such as RoleMixin types) could be instantiated exclusively by objects, more recent works [Guizzardi, Guarino, Almeida, 2016] acknowledged the idea that all endurants (including intrinsic properties, such as Modes or Qualities) can instantiate anti-rigid types.
containment, it is also a Urinary Relatum).
Category: | result | 2 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Concerning the first question, because of the identical parameterizations and subject pools it is illustrative to compare the behavior in NoCom to the results of the individual wage (IWT) and equal wage treatment (EWT) reported in Abeler et al. (2010).
Category: | result | 2 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:In recent years, laparoscopy has become the gold-standard for the treatment of ovarian endometriotic cysts (Daniell et al., 1991; Donnez et al., 1996; Sutton et al., 1997; Yuen et al., 1997).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:…firing rates of Purkinje cells are found in large parts of the cerebellum in cats, rabbits, and even primates (Chan et al. 1982; Eccles 1973; Frysinger et al. 1984; Lisberger and Fuchs 1978; Mano and Yamamoto 1980; Medina and Lisberger 2008; Miyashita and Nagao 1984; Yamamoto et al. 2007).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:In cat, most cortical cells that receive input from relay cells inherit key properties of the receptive field such as segregated On and Off subregions (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962; Martinez et al., 2005).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:We also measured the performance of our techniques on a model of a concurrent binary search tree, which was also used in [89].
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:For example, polymer based nanoparticles may be prepared by the well-known solvent evaporation method, in which the droplets of a nanoemulsion are composed of a volatile organic solvent in which the polymer is solubilized [28].
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Chloride uptake experiment was performed essentially as described by us previously [23, 24].
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:It is unusual to have variability and asymmetries in Drosophila neural circuits
(Ohyama et al., 2015; Berck et al., 2016; Schlegel et al., 2016; Jovanic et al., 2016; Schneider-
Mizell et al., 2016) but it has been observed before (Takemura et al., 2015; Tobin et al., 2017;
Eichler et al., 2017).
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:A private key is required in the verifier side to generate N pseudo random locations to be used for retrieving the watermark; (2) a watermark is embedded into two or more halftoning images, where the retrieval approaches can be overlays of halftone images [15] or using a look up table (LUT) to decode the watermark [12].
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Similar observations were also made by other authors, including DRAGAN [5], SCHMALZRIED, JASTY, HARRIS [20], VASU, CARTER, and HARRIS [22], WALL, DRAGAN [23], and WALL [24].
Category: | result | 2 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:The vast majority of mutations in FUS/TLS-related familial ALS cases were identified in C-terminal NLS, which result in the retention and the inclusion of FUS/TLS in the cytoplasm [2,3,5,8,14], and FUS/TLS as well as TDP-43 is recruited to SGs under stress conditions such as arsenite, heat shock and hypoxia [28,29,30].
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:This could be explained by the requirement for specific spacers that match the invader DNA (Barrangou et al., 2007; Brouns et al., 2008; Marraffini & Sontheimer, 2008), and also by the existence in E.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Interestingly, despite the possible impact of training programmes, Stanton et al. (2005) maintain that improvement in these areas also brings a greater likelihood of writing down one’s password, or even sharing passwords, which indicates a lack of InfoSec awareness (Dinev and Hu 2007).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:(Meis-Kindblom et al. 1995; Antonescu et al., 2001), whereas LGFMS has been characterized as having a “low-grade” protracted clinical course with local recurrences and late metastasis (Evans, 1987, 1993).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:…the lesions with pure SEF morphology (90% of patients), feature that has not been documented previously in the largest SEF series published to date (Meis-Kindblom et al., 1995; Doyle et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2012), except for a slight female tendency in Antonescu et al. (2001) SEF cohort, in…
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:We used the same setup that was used by McIntosh & Lashley [11] and Borchers et al.
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:This method, which we used previously (22, 24), maintained a constant temperature, pH, PCO2, and PO2 of the suffusate during infusion of drugs.
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:…were: (1) Enlarged ventricles out of proportion to sulcal atrophy on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (Evan’s index of at least 0.3; Shprecher et al., 2008), (2) Gait disturbance with either urinary incontinence and/or cognitive impairment, (3) No evidence of a known cause for…
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:In line with past studies (e.g., Anderson et al., 1998; Craik et al., 1996) results of the current study showed that secondary task performance i.e., the RT task, was disrupted to a greater extent when attention is divided during retrieval than when attention is divided during encoding.
Category: | result | 2 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:For example, although some research indicates that forests can sustain increased productivity under elevated CO2 by enhancing N uptake (Finzi and others 2007), few studies have followed forests through important stand development phases (for example, establishment, canopy closure, age-related declines in stand productivity) to examine whether the early stimulation of plant productivity by elevated CO2 persists as stands mature after reaching maximum productivity (Körner 2006).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:As a result, MEK protein, like the MAPK family of proteins, may comprise a family of enzymes regulated by a variety of stimuli and in different cell types (5, 10); (/>) disorders of phosphatase(s) that negatively regulate MAPK activity may exist.
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:During the early stages of autophagic induction, LC3-I is conjugated with phophatidylethanolamine, to produce LC3-II (Mizushima and Yoshimori 2007).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Intestinal permeability was determined using the Smurf assay, as described by Rera et al. (2011), (2012).
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:…experiments and numerical analyses of stratified flow provide more tangible evidence that buoy-
ant gravity currents, characterized by a convergent front, can lead to accumulation and transport of buoyant particles in the direction of the propagating front (Franks 1997, Helfrich & Pineda 2003).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:F proteins are acid pH dependent and contain a predicted signal peptide at the amino terminus, a transmembrane domain near the carboxyl terminus, up to 11 conserved cysteines, and a furin cleavage site (40, 51, 56).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:In agreement with findings showing that PLCb1 is mostly located at presynaptic sites (Fukaya et al., 2008) and with its apparent absence from the PSD-95 complex (Dosemeci et al., 2007), the intensity levels of PLCb1 and PSD-95 signals were not correlated each to other, as expected for two proteins…
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:It had 2565 (2805) states optimized with the variational Bayesian estimation and clustering (VBEC) technique (Watanabe et al., 2006) and each state had 32 (32) -mixture Gaussian pdfs.
Category: | method | 0 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Preterminal and terminal Schwann cells serve as a growth substrate that guides the nodal sprouts to the original endplates of denervated muscle fibers (Son and Thompson, 1995b; Koirala et al., 2000).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:in the brain of ALS and FTLD patients are highly prone to aggregation.(17,22,31,32) Furthermore, it was reported that wild-
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Mutation sites in the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein The spike protein of CoVs is responsible for cell receptor attachment and membrane fusion to mediate virus entry (Li, 2015).
Category: | background | 1 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:However, several studies [3,4,5] of bipolar patients with and without lithium treatment have found similar results in personality.
Category: | result | 2 | [] |
|
Evaluate the collective function of references cited together in a given text segment.
Classify their combined role into one of the following categories: 'method', 'background', or 'result'.
Text:Using the final XML description that contains the intended architecture, we are able to perform a final architecture analysis to measure the violations in the code of the intended architecture (and thereby to measure the architectural decay [11] of the code).
Category: | method | 0 | [] |