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"---\nabstract: 'In this work, a novel method for using a set of electromagnetic quadrupole fields is presented to implement arbitrary unitary operators on a two-state quantum system of electrons. ",
"In addition to analytical derivations of the required quadrupole and beam settings which allow an easy direct implementation, numerical simulations of realistic scenarios show the feasibility of the proposed setup. ",
"This is expected to pave the way not only for new measurement schemes in electron microscopy and related fields but even one day for the implementation of quantum computing in the electron microscope.'",
"\nauthor:\n- Stefan\nbibliography:\n- 'bibexport.bib'\ntitle: 'Unitary Two-State Quantum Operators Realized By Quadrupole Fields in the Electron Microscope'\n---\n\nIntroduction\n============\n\nUnitary operators play a vital role across quantum mechanics and related fields as they model basis transformations. ",
"In transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the best-known such transformation is the Fourier transform which relates position space and reciprocal space and can be realized easily using a standard, round lens [@WilliamsCarter1996]. ",
"Going from position space representation into reciprocal space representation allows the efficient determination of crystal structures and orientations with better accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than, e.g., when using high-resolution TEM images acquired in imaging mode. ",
"One primary reason for this is the fact that all electrons carrying a certain information — e.g., about the lattice plane distance — are focused in one spot in reciprocal space, while being distributed over the whole micrograph in position space. ",
"Thus, measuring a few electrons in a specific reciprocal space point already gives quantifiable information about the lattice plane spacing, whereas measuring the same (low) number of electrons in a position space image will just give a few counts scattered over the entire field of view.",
"\n\nRecently, an effective basis transformation was also employed to measure the orbital angular momentum (OAM) spectrum of an electron beam by means of a log-polar transformation [@NC_v8_i_p15536]. ",
"In that instance, too, a setup was found that transformed different OAM components in such a way that they showed up in unique measurement channels — similar to diffraction spots —, rather than producing small variations on an otherwise fairly large signal.",
"\n\nThe idea of having a direct one-to-one correspondence between the intensity in a channel and the sought information is closely related to the concept of sparsity commonly found in compressed sensing applications (see, e.g., [@NL_v11_i_p4666; @N_v11_i_p5617; @IA_v6_p4875] and references therein) and blind source separation (see, e.g., [@Comon2010]). ",
"These methods, however, are post-processing techniques that in many cases require prior knowledge about the measured quantity. ",
"Above all else, however, their outcome strongly depends on the quality of the measured data, which in turn is heavily influenced by various noise sources, including shot noise and different electronic noise contributions in the read-out and processing components. ",
"Unitary operators, on the other hand, can be applied directly to a (quantum) system *before* a measurement, thus allowing the measurement to be performed in a basis with optimal signal sparsity and SNR. ",
"The key requirement for this, however, is to find a way to perform the necessary unitary transformations directly in the instrument.",
"\n\nIn this work, a setup is described that allows to realize arbitrary unitary operators on a two-state quantum system in a TEM. ",
"Two-state quantum systems are of particular importance as they model qubits, the building blocks of quantum computers. ",
"With the recent progress of the description of entanglement in the electron microscope [@U_v190_i_p39; @Schattschneider2019], the realization of arbitrary unitary operators on these qubits opens up many exciting possibilities for performing quantum computations in a TEM. ",
"In addition, the two-state system acts as an important model for the future development of setups for unitary operators on higher-dimensional systems.",
"\n\nTheory\n======\n\nHere, we use the vector space $\\mathcal{V}$ spanned by the two orthonormal states $\\ket{0}, \\ket{1}$ given in position representation as $$\\begin{aligned}\n\\braket{\\vec{r}|0} &= HG_{1,0}(\\vec{r}) \\propto x \\cdot {\\ensuremath{\\mathrm{e}}}^{-\\frac{r^2}{w(z)^2}} \\cdot {\\ensuremath{\\mathrm{e}}}^{-\\frac{{\\ensuremath{\\mathrm{i}}}k r^2}{2R(z)}} \\cdot {\\ensuremath{\\mathrm{e}}}^{{\\ensuremath{\\mathrm{i}}}\\gamma(z)} \\\\\n\\braket{\\vec{r}|1} &= HG_{0,1}(\\vec{r}) \\propto y \\cdot {\\ensuremath{\\mathrm{e}}}^{-\\frac{r^2}{w(z)^2}} \\cdot {\\ensuremath{\\mathrm{e}}}^{-\\frac{{\\ensuremath{\\mathrm{i}}}k r^2}{2R(z)}} \\cdot {\\ensuremath{\\mathrm{e}}}^{{\\ensuremath{\\mathrm{i}}}\\gamma(z)},\n\\end{aligned}\n\\label{eq:HG}$$ where $HG_{n,m}$ denotes the Hermite-Gaussian mode of order $(n, m)$ [@OC_v96_i_p123; @U_v204_i_p27], $w(z) = w_0 \\sqrt{1+(z/z_R)^2}$ is the propagation-dependent beam size with the minimal beam waist $w_0 = \\sqrt{2z_R/k}$ and the Rayleigh range $z_R$, $k$ is the wave number, $R(z) = z(1+(z_R/z)^2)$ is the curvature radius, and $\\gamma(z) = \\arctan(z/z_R)$ is the Gouy phase. ",
"Due to their primary orientation, $\\ket{0}$ will be referred to as “horizontal” and $\\ket{1}$ will be referred to as vertical in the following.",
"\n\nApart from a global phase factor, all normalized states $\\ket{\\psi} \\in \\mathcal{V}$ can be written as $$\\ket{\\psi} = \\cos(\\theta/2) \\ket{0} + \\sin(\\theta/2) {\\ensuremath{\\mathrm{e}}}^{{\\ensuremath{\\mathrm{i}}}\\varphi} \\ket{1}\n \\label{eq:psi}$$ with $\\theta \\in [0, \\pi], \\varphi \\in [0, 2\\pi)$. Thus, all such states lie on the Bloch sphere (with the polar angle $\\theta$ and the azimuthal angle $\\varphi$) as depicted in fig.",
" \\[fig:bloch\\_sphere\\]. ",
"Unitary operators are simply those changing $\\theta$ and $\\varphi$, i.e. rotations on the sphere. ",
"Following the scheme of (extrinsic) Euler angles, it is well-known that any arbitrary rotation can be decomposed into three successive rotations around cardinal axes, e.g. in the order $x$–$z$–$x$.\n\n![",
"a) Schematic of the Bloch sphere for the vector space described in the text. ",
"b) Selected states for various values of $\\theta, \\varphi$ according to eq.",
" \\[eq:psi\\]. ",
"For all depicted states, intensity represents amplitude and color represents phase as indicated in the color wheel inset.[]{data-label=\"fig:bloch_sphere\"}](bloch-sphere){width=\"8.6cm\"}\n\nFrom fig.",
" \\[fig:bloch\\_sphere\\] it can be seen that rotations around $x$ correspond to changing $\\theta$. As is evident from eqs.",
" \\[eq:HG\\] and \\[eq:psi\\], such an operation in the chosen basis corresponds to a rotation of the coordinate system in the plane perpendicular to the beam by an angle of $\\theta/2$, i.e. $\\vec{r} \\mapsto {\\ensuremath{\\hat{R}}}\\vec{r}$, which can be realized in two ways: either one rotates the experimental setup (image, sample, etc.), ",
"which may even be achievable in post-processing in many cases, or one uses the well-known Larmor rotation [@JoMaMM_v324_i18_p2723; @PRL_v110_i_p93601; @NC_v5_i_p4586; @U_v158_i_p17; @PRX_v2_i_p41011] in the magnetic field of round lenses ubiquitous in electron microscopy.",
"\n\nThe second ingredient to realizing arbitrary unitary operators on $\\mathcal{V}$ is the ability to change $\\varphi$, i.e., rotations around $z$ in fig.",
" \\[fig:bloch\\_sphere\\]. ",
"From eq.",
" \\[eq:psi\\], it is evident that this corresponds to a relative phase shift between the two basis states. ",
"Here, a scheme for creating electron vortex beams (EVB) can be extended upon: the so-called “mode conversion” [@PRL_v109_i8_p84801; @U_v204_i_p27]. ",
"Based on the idea of the optical mode converter [@OC_v96_i_p123], it uses a set of two quadrupole lenses to convert a $HG_{1,1}$ beam into a $LG_{0,\\pm 1}$ beam by means of a phase shift of $\\delta\\varphi = \\pm \\pi/2$.\n\n![",
"Sketch of a relative phase shifter consisting of two quadrupoles (QP1, QP2). ",
"Two different settings leading to different phase shifts are shown (blue and orange). ",
"The top panel shows the horizontal (full lines) and vertical (dashed lines) beam diameters. ",
"The bottom panel shows the relative phase shift. ",
"In the shown scenario, the incident beam size was fixed.[]{data-label=\"fig:phase-shifter\"}](beijersbergen){width=\"8.6cm\"}\n\nFig.",
" \\[fig:phase-shifter\\] shows the principle setup of a relative phase shifter, consisting of two quadrupole lenses. ",
"Note that quadrupole fields can be rotated simply by changing the excitation of the four poles, thus making it easy to produce a relative rotation of $\\theta/2$. The first quadrupole (QP1) produces an astigmatic beam from an incident round beam. ",
"The beam is focused in one direction (say, horizontally) before the second quadrupole (QP2), while it is defocused in the orthogonal direction. ",
"Due to this difference, the two basis states $\\ket{0}, \\ket{1}$ acquire different Gouy phase shifts, thus resulting in a relative phase shift by the time the two beams reach QP2. ",
"QP2 then has to be set up to compensate the action of QP1 and produce a non-astigmatic beam again.",
"\n\nTo model the propagation of the beam through the QP lens setup, it is beneficial to introduce the complex beam parameter $q(z) = z - z_0 + {\\ensuremath{\\mathrm{i}}}z_R$ for the two components, where $z_0$ is the position of the component’s focus. ",
"Without loss of generality, $z_0 = 0$ will be assumed in the following. ",
"Using the complex beam parameter, all critical properties of the beam can be calculated: $$w(z) = \\sqrt{\\frac{2|q|^2}{k \\Im[q]}} \\qquad R(z) = \\frac{|q|^2}{\\Re[q]} \\qquad \\gamma(z) = -\\arg\\left[{\\ensuremath{\\mathrm{i}}}q\\right]$$ Additionally, both the propagation and the action of a lens can be modeled easily. ",
"Propagation over a distance $\\delta z$ transforms $q \\mapsto q + \\delta z$, while a lens with focal length $f$ transforms $q \\mapsto 1/(1/q - 1/f)$. A QP can then be modeled as a lens with focal length $f$ for one component and $-f$ for the other component.",
"\n\nThe mode matching condition, i.e., the condition that the beam is round after QP2, results in the two conditions $w_h(z_2) = w_v(z_2)$ and $R_h(z_2) = R_v(z_2)$, where the subscripts $h, v$ denote the horizontal and vertical components, respectively, and $z_2$ is the position of QP2. ",
"The first of the two conditions ensures that the beam is round (non-astigmatic) at QP2, while the second condition ensures that it stays round even when propagating further after QP2. ",
"It is easily seen that mode matching is achieved if $q_h(z_2) = q_v(z_2)$ [@U_v204_i_p27]. ",
"A lengthy but straight-forward calculation shows that for two quadrupoles with focal lengths $f_1, f_2$ at a distance $d$, this can be achieved for an incident beam with $$q_\\text{in} = \\frac{-df_1^2 + {\\ensuremath{\\mathrm{i}}}d^2 f_1u}{f_1^2 + d^2u^2}\n\\quad\\text{with}\\quad\nu = \\operatorname{sgn}[f_1]\\sqrt{\\frac{f_1f_2}{d^2} - 1},\n\\label{eq:mode-matching}$$ with a relative phase shift of $$\\delta \\varphi = -\\arctan\\left[\\frac{2 u}{1 - u^2}\\right].",
"\n\\label{eq:phase-shift}$$ Solving for $u$ gives $$u = \\frac{1 \\pm \\sqrt{1+\\tan^2\\delta\\varphi}}{\\tan\\delta\\varphi}.",
"\n\\label{eq:u}$$ This allows to calculate $u$ for any given relative phase shift $\\delta\\varphi$, where the sign has to be chosen appropriately for the quadrant (as given by eq.",
" \\[eq:phase-shift\\]). ",
"This in turn fixes the relation between $f_1$ and $f_2$.\n\nTo sum up, for given $d$ and $\\delta\\varphi$, one ends up with three equations (one relating $u$ and $f_1, f_2$, and one each for the real and imaginary parts of $q_\\text{in}$) for the four unknowns $f_1, f_2, \\Re[q_\\text{in}], \\Im[q_\\text{in}]$. Thus, one parameter can be chosen freely. ",
"In practice, this can be used to optimize the experimental conditions and to ensure, e.g., that the minimal and maximal excitation of the QPs are not exceeded and that the beam size is realizable with minimal aberrations.",
"\n\nSome properties of this setup are worth emphasizing: (i) in order to achieve mode matching, the incident beam must have a curvature at QP1 of $-d$, meaning that geometrically, it is focused at QP2; (ii) the phase shift implicitly depends on the size of the beam, i.e., while it is possible to choose either the incident or the outgoing beam size, it is not possible to choose both at the same time. ",
"In practice, both caveats can be worked around by the inclusion of a lens system before the quadrupole setup.",
"\n\nSimulations & Discussion\n========================\n\n![",
"Simulations of the phase shifter setup for the same values of $\\theta, \\varphi$ as in fig.",
" \\[fig:bloch\\_sphere\\]. ",
"In all cases, the incident beam was a $HG_{1,0}$ beam rotated by $\\theta/2$. For each $\\varphi$, the incident beam size $w$, the QP1 focal length $f_1$, and the global phase compensation $\\chi$ are indicated. ",
"For illustration purposes, a symmetric setup with $w_\\text{in} = w_\\text{out}$ and $f_1 = f_2$ was used. ",
"For $f_1 = \\infty$, a numerical value of was used. ",
"Amplitude and phase are shown as in fig.",
" \\[fig:bloch\\_sphere\\].[]{data-label=\"fig:sim\"}](eBeam){width=\"8.6cm\"}\n\nTo corroborate the theoretical results, numerical simulations were performed using the *virTUal TEM* software package [@U_v204_i_p27]. ",
"All simulations were performed for an incident $HG_{1,0}$ rotated by $\\theta/2$ with an energy of using a setup as shown in fig.",
" \\[fig:phase-shifter\\]. ",
"For simulation simplicity, an initially non-diffracting beam was transformed into a convergent beam using a round transfer lens before QP1. ",
"For clarity, a matching round lens after QP2 was included to flatten the phase front to ease comparability. ",
"The two QPs had a spacing of $d=\\SI{120}{\\milli\\meter}$.\n\nThe results are summarized in fig.",
" \\[fig:sim\\]. ",
"A comparison to fig.",
" \\[fig:bloch\\_sphere\\] shows perfect agreement. ",
"It should be noted that in all cases except $\\varphi=0$, the beam acquired a global phase $\\chi$ as indicated in the figure. ",
"This stems from the propagation distance between the QPs, similar to the optical path length in light optics. ",
"As the global phase is inconsequential in this work (and can be compensated for by physical flight paths, lens systems, or temporarily changing the speed of the electrons), it is removed from the images in fig.",
" \\[fig:sim\\] for better comparability.",
"\n\nSpecial care has to be taken for the edge cases $\\varphi = 0$ and $\\varphi = \\pi$. For $\\varphi = 0$, i.e. no phase shift, it suffices to switch off both QPs entirely. ",
"In the present simulations, the convergence angle of the incident beam was set to produce a (geometrical) focus at $d/2$. This resulted in a perfectly symmetric transfer of the incident plane to the exit plane. ",
"Since this only works in the geometrical limit of large beams, $w=\\SI{1000}{\\nano\\meter}$ was chosen.",
"\n\nFor $\\varphi = \\pi$, the prefactor of $\\ket{1}$ has to be inverted, while $\\ket{0}$ should be unaltered. ",
"This is achieved by tuning the QPs to a focal length of $-d$. Thereby, the beam goes through a horizontal line focus. ",
"Again, this works only in the geometrical limit, so $w=\\SI{1000}{\\nano\\meter}$ was used.",
"\n\nFor all other cases (i.e. $\\varphi \\notin \\{0, \\pi\\}$), the phase shift was used to calculate $u$ (eq.",
" \\[eq:u\\]), from which $f_1$ and $q_\\text{in}$ were determined (eq.",
" \\[eq:mode-matching\\]). ",
"It should be noted that it is possible to chain multiple phase shifters together, thus allowing to reduce even the fringe cases to “normal” situations, e.g. using $\\varphi = 0 = \\pi/2 -\\pi/2$ and $\\varphi = \\pi = \\pi/2 + \\pi/2$.\n\nIn terms of practical applicability, the chosen parameters, while not specific to any particular instrument, are in a realistic order of magnitude range. ",
"Also the beam sizes of a few hundred nanometers are readily achievable in a TEM. ",
"As far as the incident beam is concerned, no perfect Gaussian beams have been produced to date, but sufficiently close approximations are possible [@PRL_v109_i8_p84801; @NC_v5_i_p4586; @U_v204_i_p27].",
"\n\nConclusions\n===========\n\nIn this work, a novel concept for using mode converters in the TEM was presented that allows the realization of arbitrary unitary operators on a two-state quantum system. ",
"This paves the way for the realization of higher-dimensional unitary operators, which in turn will open entirely new possibilities for electron microscopy and all fields it is applied in, from physics over material science and chemistry, to biology. ",
"Instead of post-processing data and looking for tiny signals in a huge, noisy background, the realization of unitary operators will allow much more efficient experiments by enabling scientists to devise measurement schemes where the electron beam is quantum-mechanically transformed into a basis in which the sought information can be read out directly. ",
"Moreover, together with the recent progress in understanding entanglement of free electrons, this work may well contribute one day to performing quantum computations in the electron microscope.",
"\n\nS.L. acknowledges fruitful discussions with Peter Schattschneider.",
"\n"
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"xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?",
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"\nI assumed that it could work this way:\ninput = new File('c:/temp/03102890.xml-out')\n\ndef soapns = new groovy.xml.",
"Namespace(\"http://xxx\",'soap')\ndef xsdns = new groovy.xml.",
"Namespace(\"http://xxy\")\ndef xsins = new groovy.xml.",
"Namespace(\"http://xxz\")\ndef ordns = new groovy.xml.",
"Namespace(\"http://yxx\")\n\nxml = new XmlParser().parseText(input.getText())\nprintln xml[soapns.",
"Envelope][soapns.",
"Body][ordns.",
"MG_Input][Accnr][0].text()\n\nBut this doesnt really work...\nHas anybody an idea of how to handle this 'easy'? ",
"I just cant get it to work with examples from google...\n\nA:\n\nYour expression was incorrect - the xml var is already the root element of the xml document (in this case soap:Envelope) - so you just need to traverse from there. ",
"So, the expression you're looking for is:\nprintln xml[soapns.",
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"À renfort d’un graphique montrant que le nombre de décès à l’extérieur des lieux d’hébergement et de soins pour aînés se stabilise autour de la dizaine par jour depuis deux semaines au Québec, M. Legault a une fois de plus affirmé que «la situation est sous contrôle, sauf dans les CHSLD», pour justifier un semblant de retour à la vie normale.",
"\n\nSon ministre de l’Économie, Pierre Fitzgibbon, qui remplaçait pour ce point de presse la ministre de la Santé, a nommé les trois secteurs qui reprendront leurs activités et à quelles conditions. ",
"Ce sera le commerce au détail, la construction et la production manufacturière, ainsi que leur chaîne d’approvisionnement respective.",
"\n\nRègles claires\n\nDes règles claires d’espacement et d’hygiène ont été édictées par la direction de la Santé publique et la Commission des normes, de l’équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail (CNESST). ",
"En l’absence de respect de ces règles, des amendes pourront être données et même des fermetures imposées, confirme le directeur national de santé publique, Horacio Arruda, toujours présent à ces points de presse.",
"\n\n«On évalue qu’il y a présentement à peu près 1,2 million de Québécois qui sont en arrêt de travail temporaire en raison des mesures de confinement mises en place pour freiner la propagation du coronavirus. ",
"On a décidé, avec la Santé publique, de choisir ces trois secteurs-là. ",
"On parle d’à peu près 500 000 personnes possiblement qui pourraient retourner au travail sur 1,2 million», a expliqué M. Fitzgibbon.",
"\n\n«Il faut y aller séquentiellement. ",
"On va travailler avec d’autres ministres et ministères, la Culture, le Tourisme, entre autres, on regarde des progressions possibles. ",
"Mais à ce moment-ci, on se limite à ces secteurs-là parce que sinon, ça va être trop de monde trop vite dans le système. ",
"Et Dr Arruda ne sera pas content», a attesté le ministre, ajoutant qu’«on n’hésitera pas à revenir en arrière si jamais il y avait une nouvelle éclosion du virus».",
"\n\nLes centres commerciaux restent fermés\n\nLes magasins qui peuvent rouvrir doivent avoir une entrée sur l’extérieur. «",
"On ne veut pas, à court terme, rouvrir les centres d’achat et avoir un risque d’avoir des rassemblements dans les centres d’achat», a tranché le premier ministre Legault.",
"\n\nLa restauration sur place, les bars, salons de coiffure, soins personnels, lieux de diffusion et secteurs culturel et touristique poursuivent la pause forcée jusqu’à nouvel ordre.",
"\n\nLa fermeture des commerces le dimanche se prolonge de plus pour tout le mois de mai, à l’exception déjà faite des pharmacies, dépanneurs, stations-service, services de nourriture à emporter et livraisons des épiceries."
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"When you’re the only woman playing on a men’s soccer team, and you also happen to be a goalkeeper, here’s how things go down:\n\nIf you’re really, really lucky, your coach isn’t going to care if you’re from Venus or Mars. ",
"He’s not going to worry about things like if you prefer pink, blue, or yellow, or whether or not you pee standing up.",
"\n\nBut he will expect you to prove you’re just as talented as the male keepers on the team. ",
"And for you to finish every single rep — probably more reps than you’ve ever done in any training session throughout your entire career.",
"\n\nSomehow, you gotta keep up.",
"\n\nIt’ll be dive. ",
"Catch. ",
"Sprint. ",
"Dive. ",
"Miss. Sprint. ",
"Dive. ",
"Catch. ",
"Sprint. ",
"Again and again and again until your quads are begging for mercy.",
"\n\nYou’ll constantly feel like you’ve reached your limit.",
"\n\nAnd, well … that’s what you asked for, right? ",
"To be pushed like the rest of the guys?",
"\n\nYou’ve asked to face harder shots. ",
"You’ve expected a faster pace of play. ",
"You look forward to battling for loose balls in the box, going shoulder to shoulder with men who are much bigger than you.",
"\n\nBecause you know this is how you get better.",
"\n\nBrad Smith/ISIPHOTOS.COM\n\nIn March I tried out for the Calgary Foothills in the Premier Development League — a minor league that serves as a feeder for MLS. ",
"After day one of training camp, I seriously questioned what I was doing.",
"\n\nI’m around 5′ 10″ and strong, but I doubted whether I was physically capable of handling the weight training on top of practice. ",
"The volume was insane. ",
"It wasn’t like anything I had experienced before — and I’ve been playing with the Canadian women’s national team for years. ",
"Honestly, there were squat days when I wanted to ask my coach to cut my reps because I was so exhausted, and I wasn’t sure if I was going to be able to recover in time to hop into goalkeeper training.",
"\n\nBut I kept going. ",
"I didn’t scale things back. ",
"I wanted to make that team so bad, and I loved the feeling that came along with not knowing how things would turn out. ",
"Of knowing that I needed to work harder than I had ever worked before if I was going to have a real shot.",
"\n\nAnd the cool thing was that every day I could feel my legs getting stronger. ",
"My hands quicker. ",
"My passes smarter. ",
"I was proving to myself that I could hang.",
"\n\nSomething that seemed like it might be impossible when I started, was suddenly becoming very … real. ",
"And it became clear to me that in some ways I’d been selling myself short by assuming back then that I wouldn’t be able to hack it on a men’s team. ",
"After a while, I couldn’t help but wonder where that self-doubt had come from in the first place.",
"\n\nWhen did I start believing I was less of an athlete than the guys?",
"\n\nBecause when I was a kid I used to compete against boys all of the time.",
"\n\nAnd I didn’t think anything of it.",
"\n\nCourtesy of Stephanie Labbé\n\nWhen I was eight, pretty much all I wanted to do was play hockey like my older brother, Kevin.",
"\n\nGrowing up in Stony Plain, Alberta, we were always skating together on the makeshift rink in our neighbor’s backyard. ",
"And my parents would always bring me to Kevin’s games. ",
"One day I asked them if I could play, too.",
"\n\nThere were no girls’ hockey teams in town. ",
"But we did some digging and found a boys’ club that was willing to give me a chance.",
"\n\nI’ll never forget my first day playing for Spruce Grove Minor Hockey.",
"\n\nIt was community hockey, so there were no tryouts. ",
"The coaches just watched us skate and split us up into teams. ",
"They taped the rosters outside of the boys’ locker room. ",
"I was so proud to see my name hanging on the door. ",
"I could hardly stop smiling.",
"\n\nI barged into the locker room, claimed my spot on one of the benches and plopped my bags down.",
"\n\nNone of the boys paid me any mind. ",
"We were all there to play the game and have fun. ",
"Together.",
"\n\nNo one was talking about cooties.",
"\n\nOn the ice, I was just one of the guys. ",
"My parents were always telling me how much of a brute I was. ",
"If wasn’t scoring, I was probably in the penalty box. ",
"I didn’t let anybody push me around. ",
"I knew I was just as good as anyone else.",
"\n\nBut when I turned 11, playing hockey became more … complicated.",
"\n\nThat was when I started really learning about puberty. ",
"I learned that boys’ bodies would change differently than mine. ",
"And I learned that as our bodies changed, many of my teammates would eventually grow stronger than me. ",
"At the same time, playing with boys just became less innocent. ",
"My coaches told me that the boys were going to start showering in the locker room. ",
"They showed me another room where I could change.",
"\n\nI didn’t talk to anyone about it, but deep down I was sad I had to start separating from my team. ",
"It was like some fantasy had ended. ",
"I felt like there wasn’t a place for me in boys’ hockey. ",
"So I quit and joined a soccer team with a bunch of my girlfriends.",
"\n\nBeing with them was just simpler, you know?",
"\n\nCourtesy of Stephanie Labbé\n\nI never thought I’d try out for a boys team again.",
"\n\nAs I continued to play soccer, I moved up the ranks and fulfilled my dream of playing professionally.",
"\n\nSometimes during the NWSL off-seasons, I’d practice with a men’s pro club to get some solid training in, but I’d never imagined competing for a spot on a men’s team. ",
"I didn’t think I’d ever have any reason to.",
"\n\nAfter all, I’ve always loved women’s soccer.",
"\n\nI spent four amazing years at UConn. (",
"Go Huskies!) ",
"I played six challenging years in Sweden. ",
"And in 2016 I even got the chance to represent my country at the Olympics, where I won a bronze medal.",
"\n\nBut after Rio, I really struggled to find my passion for the game.",
"\n\nYou spend all this time amping up for this amazing moment. ",
"You’re playing some of the best soccer of your life. ",
"You get to smile on the podium with this great big medal around your neck.",
"\n\nThen it’s all over, and … you just return to regular life. ",
"And, in my case at least, you start to ask, What now?",
"\n\nBy last fall I wasn’t having fun playing soccer anymore.",
"\n\nSome mornings I would wake up and everything would just feel … heavy.",
"\n\nI lost the energy for everything that I loved. ",
"I no longer wanted to hang out with my friends because I was ashamed that I wasn’t my usual upbeat self. ",
"Even walking my dog, Rio, felt like a drag — and he’s adorable.",
"\n\nSo I took a four-month break from soccer to get my mind right. ",
"But without soccer I didn’t really know who I was or what I wanted. ",
"I was just kind of lost. ",
"Drifting. ",
"I figured maybe I needed to change things up. ",
"Find something new. ",
"It sounds insane, but I actually considered retiring to try a different sport entirely — like handball or track and field or something.",
"\n\nBut a small voice inside me said: Give soccer another chance.",
"\n\nI started thinking about how much fun I’d had in the past training with men’s teams and how demanding it had been. ",
"And, for whatever reason, I thought a lot about Hayley Wickenheiser, and how she had played for a professional men’s hockey team over in Finland….",
"\n\nI decided to take a risk.",
"\n\nBack in January, I emailed and called a bunch of the coaches I knew in men’s soccer to see if one of them would give me a shot. ",
"Not only did all of them turn me down, but most of them also told me that there was no way I was ever going to play for a men’s team.",
"\n\nThey were wrong.",
"\n\nA friend connected me with Tommy Wheeldon Jr., who managed the Foothills. ",
"When I talked with him on the phone, I got super excited.",
"\n\n“Look, I can’t guarantee you anything,” he said. “",
"But if you can prove that you can play at this level, I will judge you based on your ability. ",
"I don’t care if you’re a guy or a girl. ",
"I just want a team of good footballers.”",
"\n\nI still get goosebumps thinking about that call.",
"\n\nCourtesy of Stephanie Labbé\n\nThe morning I walked into the Foothills’ indoor training facility, I was fully prepared to be challenged by the pace of the game. ",
"I was ready to be knocked around and tackled in the box more than I was used to … maybe concede more goals than I ever had in my life. ",
"But I also had a ton of questions running through my head.",
"\n\nWill the boys respect me?",
"\n\nCan I earn their trust?",
"\n\nAm I going to get along with everyone?",
"\n\nI was expecting a few cold shoulders.",
"\n\nWhat I got was … a bunch of handshakes and high fives.",
"\n\nI was so relieved. ",
"I was blown away, actually.",
"\n\nBut, I gotta admit … when I introduced myself to everyone during our pretraining breakfast, I quickly realized it was going to take some time for me to be “one of the guys.” ",
"I kept messing up all the fist bumps, the homie sideshakes, the shoulder hugs. (",
"I’m a classic handshake kind of girl, I guess.)",
"\n\nI didn’t know what I was doing.",
"\n\nAnd as the days went on, I felt like I kept giving my teammates more reasons to make fun of me.",
"\n\nDuring one of our bonding sessions, I made a complete fool of myself. ",
"The team was hanging out in the lounge playing FIFA on PS4, which was bad news for me because I’m honestly the biggest noob when it comes to video games. ",
"When it was my turn, I spent like 10 minutes trying to figure out which button was which.",
"\n\nAnd what did I do right off the bat?",
"\n\nMade my goalkeeper throw the ball right into my own net.",
"\n\nNice.",
"\n\nThankfully, stuff like that didn’t matter once I got in goal. ",
"When I’m in that position, things just flow. ",
"All that matters is keeping the ball out of the net.",
"\n\nIt was definitely tough at first. ",
"Every shot came hard and fast, and even though I could read the ball, I had trouble getting to it sometimes. ",
"The boys would also run plays so quickly it took some time to figure out how to adjust my positioning. ",
"But after three weeks, I started to get the hang of things. ",
"My hands were finding the ball more. ",
"I started coming up with big saves.",
"\n\nAfter a while, the guys knew I was good. ",
"I could tell by how they kept me accountable. ",
"If a catch wasn’t clean they’d be like, “Steph, it’s gotta be better.” ",
"Or if I ever made a sluggy pass, it was “Steph, you need to put some pace on it!”",
"\n\nIt was all tough love. ",
"But to me it meant that I had finally earned their respect.",
"\n\nCourtesy of Stephanie Labbé\n\nWhen coach subbed me in during a preseason match against FC Edmonton, I knew I was ready. ",
"I even made a point-blank save. ",
"And we won 4–0. ",
"It felt amazing to be a part our first victory of the preseason. ",
"When I walked off the field, everyone was patting me on the back. ",
"It was smiles all around. ",
"For the next few days I was walking on air.",
"\n\nBut I guess it was all too good to be true.",
"\n\nOne afternoon after practice, Tommy pulled me aside … in that solemn way someone does when he has bad news.",
"\n\nHe told me that when he went to chat with league officials about signing me, he got nothing but pushback. ",
"He said they’d told him I couldn’t play because the PDL is a “gender-based” league. ",
"I couldn’t be on the roster because I was a woman. ",
"It was against their rules.",
"\n\nI’ve never seen Tommy’s face look so deflated.",
"\n\n“I’m sorry,” he said.",
"\n\nMy heart sank.",
"\n\nI’d come so far only to have the door slammed in my face.",
"\n\nI contacted the PDL as soon as I could to see if I could get more of an explanation, but I didn’t feel like I was able to get any additional answers. ",
"I wanted to appeal the decision, but the league said that its decision was final and told me to go play on a women’s team.",
"\n\nThe Calgary Foothills have both a men’s team and a women’s team, they said. ",
"And they told me that the women’s squad was Canada’s highest-level women’s club team.",
"\n\nI felt like they were sending me a clear message: Just go play with that squad.",
"\n\nThe caliber of the women’s team is awesome, for sure.",
"\n\nBut I felt like the league officials weren’t hearing me. ",
"At all.",
"\n\nAmy Kontras/ISIPHOTOS.COM\n\nLook, I understand the need for “gender-based” leagues. ",
"I get why they exist. ",
"In sports, men have certain physical advantages over women. ",
"We have separate leagues so that women don’t have to compete against men for a chance to play the sports they love. ",
"That boundary keeps things fair.",
"\n\nBut it’s time we consider the women who beat the odds.",
"\n\nI believe if any woman chooses to play in an environment that challenges her to be a better athlete … if she chooses to be in a place where she’s at a biological disadvantage and she proves that she can hang, then she deserves the right to play. ",
"It gives everyone on the team a chance to grow and learn, not just as athletes, but as humans, too.",
"\n\nThe PDL’s decision is discouraging, and I’ve been really down about it. ",
"But at the same time there is some good that can come of all this.",
"\n\nThe proof is in my inbox.",
"\n\nEver since I was barred from the league, I’ve received so many supportive emails from parents whose daughters want to try out for boys teams, either because there are no opportunities for girls to play or simply because their daughters want to test their abilities.",
"\n\nOne mother wrote to me about her daughter, who had asked to try out for a boys’ soccer academy. ",
"She said the main reason she had let her daughter do it was because the mom had read about my story. ",
"The girl is now one of two keepers on the academy team and she’s playing really well!",
"\n\nGirls like her are the reason I’m exploring my options for legal action to challenge the PDL’s gender rules.",
"\n\nThis isn’t about me anymore.",
"\n\nI want to fight for other women, so they can have a shot going forward.",
"\n\nCourtesy of Stephanie Labbé\n\nI want to thank Coach Tommy and the rest of the Calgary crew for being open-minded enough to take me on — for seeing something in me and giving me a chance to take this risk. ",
"Even though I wasn’t allowed to play in any games, they were gracious enough to let me practice with the team until I figured out my next steps.",
"\n\nI’ve grown so much since I started training with the Foothills a few months ago. ",
"And I’m so grateful for all the relationships I’ve formed in such a short time. ",
"I can now confidently say that I can sit and chat with any of the boys at breakfast … although I could still use some more work on my handshake game. (",
"Help me out guys?)",
"\n\nTo be honest, though, it’s been tough sitting on the sidelines. ",
"I’m ready to get back in the game. ",
"That’s why I’m happy to announce that I will be playing with Linköping FC in the Swedish Damallsvenskan starting later this month. ",
"I’m super pumped to return to the women’s game as a smarter, stronger and faster goalkeeper.",
"\n\nI’ll be sad to leave the Foothills, and I’m disappointed that the PDL didn’t give me a chance. ",
"But at the very least, I will walk away knowing that those guys on the team saw me for who I really am:\n\nA professional female athlete.",
"\n\nEditors Note: An earlier version of this story described the Calgary Foothills and the PDL as professional. ",
"The PDL, however, says that it is an amateur league. ",
"The piece has been edited accordingly."
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"What kind of retirement community is best suited to address her needs? ",
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"\n794 P.2d 886 (1990)\nSTATE of Wyoming, ex rel., ",
"WYOMING WORKERS' COMPENSATION DIVISION, Appellant (Petitioner/Objector-Defendant),\nv.\nLance E. HOLLISTER, Appellee (Respondent/Employee-Claimant),\nv.\nTEGELER LOGGING, Employer-Objector.",
"\nNo. ",
"90-21.",
"\nSupreme Court of Wyoming.",
"\nJuly 6, 1990.",
"\nJoseph B. Meyer, Atty. ",
"Gen., Ron Arnold, Sr. ",
"Asst. ",
"Atty. ",
"Gen., for appellant.",
"\nThomas E. Campbell, Sheridan, for appellee.",
"\nBefore CARDINE,[*] C.J., and THOMAS, URBIGKIT, MACY and GOLDEN, JJ.",
"\n*887 THOMAS, Justice.",
"\nThe dispositive question in this case is whether a district court has authority to afford affirmative relief as a product of its review of a workers' compensation proceeding. ",
"A second question that must be resolved is whether the district court properly ruled that the injured workman had not engaged in conduct that justified the invocation of the injurious practices statute, § 27-12-412, W.S. 1977.[1] A question related to both of these issues is whether the district court improperly substituted its judgment for that of the administrative hearing officer. ",
"We agree with the contention of the Wyoming Workers' Compensation Division (Division) that the district court has no authority to afford affirmative relief in connection with a review of a workers' compensation proceedings. ",
"Its disposition is limited to the review of authority articulated in the Wyoming Administrative Procedure Act, §§ 16-3-101 to -115, W.S. 1977 (Oct. 1982 Repl.). ",
"We agree, however, with the ruling of the district court that the injurious practices statute was not applicable, and we conclude that this ruling was properly made within the review authority of the district court. ",
"We reverse and remand this case for further proceedings in accordance with our opinion.",
"\n*888 The Division sets forth the issues it has chosen to advance in this way:\n\"1. ",
"Whether the district court erred as a matter of law by reversing the administrative decision on the grounds that the injurious practice statute was not applicable.",
"\n\"2. ",
"Whether the district court erred as a matter of law by substituting its judgment and opinion for that of the hearing officer.",
"\n\"3. ",
"Whether the district court lacked statutory authority to award a permanent total disability award.\"",
"\nThe injured worker, Lance E. Hollister (Hollister), restates the issues in this way in his brief:\n\"1. ",
"Whether the order of the administrative law judge (ALJ) that Hollister engaged in an injurious practice sufficient to invoke the harsh penalty of forfeiture is arbitrary, capricious and not in accordance with law.",
"\n\"2. ",
"Whether the decision of the ALJ is unsupported by substantial evidence.",
"\n\"3. ",
"Whether Hollister should be awarded permanent total disability benefits.\"",
"\nIn July of 1984, while Hollister was working for Tegeler Logging, he slipped on a log and fell onto a rock, injuring his left knee. ",
"A few days later, Hollister filed his original report of injury with the Clerk of the District Court of Sheridan County. ",
"Tegeler Logging waived any objection to the claim and approved payment within a week. ",
"The treating physician, in February of 1985, rated Hollister as having a 50% disability of the knee based on pain, limited motion, and joint destruction. ",
"Hollister was next evaluated by the Division of Vocational Rehabilitation at the Gottsche Rehabilitation Center in Thermopolis. ",
"The product of that evaluation was the recommendation that he should give serious consideration to less strenuous work, but that he might go back to the logging industry in a different position if further surgery could make his knee more stable. ",
"In March of 1985, an award was made in the District Court of Sheridan County of a 50% permanent partial disability.",
"\nAfter that, Hollister had an osteotomy performed in August of 1985. ",
"He received temporary total disability during the period of recuperation from that surgery. ",
"The following May, Hollister was returned to his permanent partial disability status and, at that time, received the balance of the permanent partial disability award.",
"\nThe record is clear that Hollister endeavored to find lighter work to support his family of seven, but he was unable to find suitable employment in either Wyoming or Montana. ",
"He then returned to his former occupation in the logging industry, and he worked for several employers. ",
"Eventually, his pain reached a level that prevented him from accomplishing his tasks in his logging occupation. ",
"Hollister applied for further benefits, and he received those for a short period. ",
"He then was denied any additional benefits, and the denial of that claim resulted in this case.",
"\nThe administrative hearing officer found that Hollister had returned to logging and other heavy labor following his original injury and that this constituted an injurious practice that served to invoke the penalty of forfeiture of any further right to compensation. ",
"That conclusion was premised upon the demonstration in the record that he had been advised by physicians not to return to work in the logging industry, but to find some other line of work instead. ",
"Upon review, the district court ruled that Hollister's return to employment in the logging industry was not a violation of the statutory provision, § 27-12-412, W.S. 1977, and then entered an award of permanent total disability in favor of Hollister. ",
"It is from the decision of the district court that the Division has taken this appeal.",
"\nOne of the indubitable features of the 1986 revision of the Wyoming Workers' Compensation Act, § 27-14-101 to -804, W.S. 1977 (June 1987 Repl.), ",
"is that the adjudicatory function was moved from our state district courts to the \"office of independent hearing officers.\" ",
"Section 27-14-602, W.S. 1977 (June 1987 Repl.). ",
"The appeal to the district court from the decision of a hearing examiner is taken pursuant to the Wyoming Administrative Procedure *889 Act. ",
"According to the frequently quoted provisions of the Wyoming Administrative Procedure Act, § 16-3-114(c), W.S. 1977 (Oct. 1982 Repl.):",
"\n\"* * * The reviewing court shall:\n\"(i) Compel agency action unlawfully withheld or unreasonably delayed; and\n\"(ii) Hold unlawful and set aside agency action, findings and conclusions found to be:\n\"(A) Arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion or otherwise not in accordance with law;\n\"(B) Contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege or immunity;\n\"(C) In excess of statutory jurisdiction, authority or limitations or lacking statutory right;\n\"(D) Without observance of procedure required by law; or\n\"(E) Unsupported by substantial evidence in a case reviewed on the record of an agency hearing provided by statute.\"",
"\nIt follows that when a workers' compensation determination of the hearing examiner is appealed to the district court, this quoted language circumscribes the disposition by the district court.",
"\nThe same standards that apply to this court in reviewing administrative determinations are applicable to district courts. ",
"With respect to our authority, we have said:\n\"`For the purpose of reviewing the propriety of the district court's action, we will review the agency action as though the appeal were directly to this court from the agency. ",
"We are governed by the same rules of review as was the district court. [",
"Citations.]",
"\n\"`Therefore, we will not substitute our judgment for that of the agency. * * *",
"\n\"`* * * * * *\n\"`* * * Under this standard [§ 16-3-114(c), W.S. 1977 (October 1982 Replacement)], we do not examine the record only to determine if there is substantial evidence to support the Board's decision, but we must also examine the conflicting evidence to determine if the Board could reasonably have made its findings and order upon all of the evidence before it.'\" ",
"Trout v. Wyoming Oil & Gas Conservation Commission, 721 P.2d 1047, 1050 (Wyo. ",
"1986), quoting Board of Trustees of School District No. ",
"4, Big Horn County v. Colwell, 611 P.2d 427, 428-29 (Wyo. ",
"1980).",
"\nThe inhibition upon substitution of the court's judgment for that of the agency has to extend to the affirmative relief afforded by the district court in this instance. ",
"It follows that the order of the district court awarding total disability benefits must be reversed, and the district court appropriately should remand the case to the office of hearing examiners after setting aside its determination on the ground that it is not in accordance with law.",
"\nThis disposition flows from our agreement with the district court that the hearing examiner inappropriately invoked § 27-12-412, W.S. 1977, relating to the forfeiture of right to compensation because of the knowing engagement or persistence in an unsanitary practice that tends to imperil or retard recovery. ",
"We are not in agreement with the Division's contention that the district court's ruling on this issue was erroneous.",
"\nIn his decision letter, the hearing examiner noted that the treating physician felt that, to avoid \"`total knee arthroplasty [for] as long as possible,'\" Hollister should change occupations. ",
"The hearing examiner also quoted from the report of the surgeon who performed the osteotomy that \"`he is permanently disabled as far as the left knee is concerned and will be forever limited to light activities.'\" ",
"The latter physician went on to say that Hollister's knee would continue to degenerate, but he could not say when that would occur. ",
"Based upon this information, the hearing examiner held, as a matter of law, that one can impair or retard recovery of a knee that is partially, permanently disabled by returning to a former occupation against a doctor's advice, after that same doctor had determined that the workman is \"`essentially fully recovered * * * from the present surgery'\" and had released the workman to light work. ",
"The finding of *890 imperiling or retarding recovery is internally inconsistent with the information, which is not refuted in the record, that Hollister had fully recovered.",
"\nIn addition, the hearing examiner ruled that Hollister had failed to prove entitlement to a modification of his previously awarded 50% permanent partial disability. ",
"There is evidence in the record that demonstrates the fact that Hollister no longer was suited to employment for which he had previous experience or training. ",
"We have noted that the record establishes that his knee would continue to deteriorate. ",
"The record does not disclose whether Hollister originally sought permanent total disability, instead of a partial disability, or whether total disability should have been granted in the original proceeding.",
"\nIn his decision letter, the hearing examiner notes the possibility that Hollister would have to undergo surgery after the date that he was granted an award of permanent partial disability. ",
"The hearing examiner did not address whether, in light of the continuing deterioration, the initial decision might have been premature as a matter of law. ",
"He does state, however, that Hollister could seek modification of the 50% permanent partial disability award, provided he could establish an increase of incapacity due solely to injury, mistake of fact, or fraud.",
"\nThe hearing examiner also concluded that the deterioration of Hollister's knee was caused by his continuing to work as a logger. ",
"This conclusion is directly opposed by the only medical evidence of yet a third physician who stated, in deposition, an opinion that Hollister's then existing condition was caused by the original 1984 compensable injury. ",
"The hearing examiner dismissed this physician's opinion by saying he attached little weight to it because the doctor's determination was based upon a \"questionable\" work history. ",
"The conclusion that well might be drawn from the history of this matter is that the crux of the problem in this case is that the original award was the product of a mistake of fact. ",
"This could have been the reaction of the district court when it endeavored to provide affirmative relief in the form of a permanent total disability.",
"\nOn the basis of this history, we have no equivocation in justifying our conclusion that the district court did not err in holding that the forfeiture provision should not be applied. ",
"In re Hibler, 37 Wyo. ",
"332, 341, 261 P. 648, 651 (1927), held with respect to a predecessor statute:\n\"* * * [T]he statute * * * [now § 27-14-412, W.S. 1977], in providing for a forfeiture of all right to compensation under the act, is quite harsh, and must be strictly construed. ",
"When the issue is raised, the burden of proof is on the employer.\"",
"\nThis holding is consistent with a principle observed for more than fifty years that the provisions of the Workers' Compensation Act should receive a liberal construction to accomplish the benevolent purposes for which those provisions were promulgated. ",
"State ex rel. ",
"Worker's Compensation Division v. Borodine, 784 P.2d 228, 230 (Wyo. ",
"1989), quoting Baldwin v. Scullion, 50 Wyo. ",
"508, 62 P.2d 531, 538, 108 A.L.R. 304 (1936). ",
"In Borodine, we held that a claimant was entitled to workers' compensation benefits even though she had skills and qualifications to earn more than what she was receiving in the occupation in which she engaged at the time of her injury.",
"\nOnly after the finder of fact initially determines that the injured claimant acted in conformity with the statutory definitions may a forfeiture be declared. ",
"Matter of Meredith, 743 P.2d 874 (Wyo. ",
"1987). ",
"The evidence from the physician who performed the osteotomy was that \"`[t]he patient today [May 1, 1986] is deemed to be essentially fully recovered, or as recovered as he is going to get from the present surgery.'\" ",
"The plain language of the statute invoked by the hearing examiner states that there must be an \"injurious practice which tends to imperil or retard his recovery.\" ",
"Section 27-12-412, W.S. 1977 (emphasis added). ",
"Our analysis of the record is that there is no evidence to support a finding that returning to logging imperiled or retarded Hollister's recovery, and the employer did *891 not present evidence that established the contrary. ",
"In Meredith, the court reiterated that the burden of establishing the basis for a forfeiture of workers' compensation benefits rests on the employer, and we emphasized that the court would construe the statute strictly. ",
"Meredith, 743 P.2d at 876. ",
"We conclude that the ruling of the district court, finding the injurious practice defense not appropriate to Hollister's case, is correct as a matter of law.",
"\nThe district court determined that the hearing examiner's decision was not supported by substantial evidence. ",
"The Division asserts what was the appellate rule for our review of factual determinations by the district court when jurisdiction to adjudicate workers' compensation claims was vested in the district court. ",
"The correct rule is that found in Hohnholt v. Basin Electric Power Co-op, 784 P.2d 233, 234 (Wyo. ",
"1989), in which, quoting Trout, 721 P.2d at 1050, this court said:\n\"`We examine the entire record to determine if there is substantial evidence to support an agency's findings. ",
"If the agency's decision is supported by substantial evidence, we cannot properly substitute our judgment for that of the agency, and must uphold the findings on appeal. ",
"Substantial evidence is relevant evidence which a reasonable mind might accept in support of the conclusions of the agency. ",
"It is more than a scintilla of evidence. (",
"citation omitted) * * *.'\"",
"\nThe Division argues an erroneous test. ",
"Applying the correct test quoted above, we agree with the district court that the hearing examiner's decision is not supported by substantial evidence, and we agree with the district court's conclusion that an examination of the entire record in fact discloses that the evidence is contrary to the determination by the hearing examiner.",
"\nThe decision of the district court is reversed with instructions that the case be remanded to the office of hearing officers to afford a rehearing in accordance with this decision. ",
"We assume that the claim will be amended to seek additional relief upon the basis of a mistake of fact in connection with the initial award. ",
"It is clear that the injurious practice statute could not impact the issues to be resolved in that regard.",
"\nReversed with instructions to remand to the administrative agency.",
"\nNOTES\n[*] Chief Justice at time of oral argument.",
"\n[1] Section 27-12-412, W.S. 1977, provided:\n\n\"If an injured employee persists in an unsanitary or injurious practice which tends to imperil or retard his recovery, or if he refuses to submit to medical or surgical treatment reasonably essential to promote his recovery, he forfeits all right to compensation under this act [§§ 27-12-101 to XX-XX-XXX]. ",
"Forfeiture shall be determined by the district judge.\"",
"\nThis statutory provision now has been renumbered as § 27-14-407, W.S. 1977 (June 1987 Repl.). ",
"The statutory language was not substantially changed, but the determination under the new statute is now made by the hearing examiner upon application by the Division or the employer.",
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"In the previous article we had a look at how you could easily create a slack-docker-proxy using go and a couple of small libraries. ",
"In this second article we'll show you how easy it is add additional commands, and we'll look at how to dockerize this component to you can easily run it inside a docker daemon. ",
"Note that the full sources for the various go files can of course be found at the slack-proxy github repository\n\nRunning go applications in docker.",
"\n\nLet's first look at how we can deploy and run this proxy. ",
"We saw that we could run it directly from the command line like this:\n\n$ export GOPATH=directory/where/you/cloned/the/repo $ go get github.com/fsouza/go-dockerclient $ go build src/github.com/josdirksen/slackproxy/slack-proxy.go $ ./slackproxy -config ./resources/config.json\n\nBut that isn't the most practical way to do this. ",
"And since we're already using this to monitor docker, why not just run this proxy inside docker as well.",
"\n\nTo run a go-lang application in docker we can use two different approaches. ",
"We can compile the application from the command line and just COPY it into the docker image, or we can add the sources to an image that contains all the go stuff we need, and compile it as a step when creating our docker image. ",
"We'll go for this second approach.",
"\n\nWe've shown the docker file we'll use for that here:\n\nThe steps should be pretty self-explanatory. ",
"What we do is we make sure the sources are in the location the docker image expects (the /go/src folder), install any external dependencies and just run 'docker build'. ",
"Which results in the following output:\n\n$ docker build . ",
"Sending build context to Docker daemon 203.8 kB Step 1 : FROM golang:latest ---> bc422006801e Step 2 : COPY src/ /go/src/ ---> Using cache ---> a7c813facaf8 Step 3 : COPY resources/config.json / ---> Using cache ---> b6fd55de16f6 Step 4 : EXPOSE 9000 ---> Using cache ---> d30199bcc59a Step 5 : WORKDIR /go/src ---> Using cache ---> e861b557571d Step 6 : RUN go get github.com/fsouza/go-dockerclient && go install github.com/fsouza/go-dockerclient ---> Running in 6f712526bb99 ---> 76cecb4c7a19 Removing intermediate container 6f712526bb99 Step 7 : RUN go build -o /app/main github.com/josdirksen/slackproxy/slack-proxy.go ---> Running in 77c092d1bcf2 ---> f7ca02665f94 Removing intermediate container 77c092d1bcf2 Step 8 : CMD /app/main --config /config.json ---> Running in 0bbeb60ca608 ---> ebd9d3fe8ce7 Removing intermediate container 0bbeb60ca608 Successfully built ebd9d3fe8ce7\n\nThe resulting image can now be run like this:\n\n$ docker run 94abcb31af14 {5cLHiZjpWaRDb0fP6ka02XCR {[{local tcp://192.168.99.100:2376 true /Users/jos/.docker/machine/machines/eris ca.pem cert.pem key.pem}]}}\n\nOr uploaded to your local registry by tagging it:\n\ndocker tag 94abcb31af14 my.own.registry/slack-proxy:latest\n\nExtending with new functionality\n\nExtending this proxy with new functionality is really easy. ",
"A common scenario we have is that after we've deployed something and stuff stops working we can quickly check the log files. ",
"Now logging in to the machine and using docker log isn't that hard, but it takes a couple of steps. ",
"So we'll add support to view log files directly from slack. ",
"We'll first define the function in the dockerCommandHandlers.go file.",
"\n\nNote that we once again don't really do any input validation. ",
"We just assume the correct number of arguments are passed in. ",
"Now that we've got the function, we update the HandleCommand function in the same file to this:\n\nAnd we're done. ",
"Now when a call is made like this:\n\n$ curl 'http://localhost:9000/handleSlackCommand' -H 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' --data 'token=5cLHiZjpWaRDb0fP6ka02XCR&team_id=T0001&team_domain=example&channel_id=C2147483705&channel_name=test&user_id=jos&command=docker&text=local+logs+669265a13436+10' > 2016/02/07 18:48:04 [WARN] agent: Check 'service:wiremock' is now warning > 2016/02/07 18:48:09 [WARN] agent: Check 'service:dag-storage' is now warning > 2016/02/07 18:48:17 [WARN] agent: Check 'service:wiremock' is now warning > 2016/02/07 18:48:19 [WARN] agent: Check 'service:dag-storage' is now warning > 2016/02/07 18:48:29 [WARN] agent: Check 'service:dag-storage' is now warning > 2016/02/07 18:48:30 [WARN] agent: Check 'service:wiremock' is now warning > 2016/02/07 18:48:39 [WARN] agent: Check 'service:dag-storage' is now warning > 2016/02/07 18:48:43 [WARN] agent: Check 'service:wiremock' is now warning > 2016/02/07 18:48:49 [WARN] agent: Check 'service:dag-storage' is now warning > 2016/02/07 18:48:56 [WARN] agent: Check 'service:wiremock' is now warning\n\nWe get back the latest 10 log entries for the container with id 669265a13436.",
"\n\nOr if you're more inclined to use Postman.",
"\n\nExtending besides docker\n\nSo far we've only looked at exposing docker through this minimal proxy. ",
"Exposing other services, components and information sources through this setup is actually really easy to do. ",
"As an example lets write a couple of commands that expose information of the host the slack-proxy is running on. ",
"For this we first add a new CommandHandler:\n\nIf you've looked at the way we've setup the docker handler, this one, shouldn't come as a suprise. ",
"We use a simple switch to match the command we need to execute, and in this case use the gopsutil library to return file system information. ",
"Note that if you want to run this without docker, you first have to do a \"go get github.com/shirou/gopsutil\". ",
"Since we added an additional command handler we also need to make a small change to the GetHandler function from the handlerFactory:\n\nWith this change, when the command is system we'll return the handler we just created, and if the command is docker, we'll return the one that can handle docker commands. ",
"To see this in action, you can use the following curl command for the memory information:\n\n$ curl 'http://localhost:9000/handleSlackCommand' -H 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' --data 'token=5cLHiZjpWaRDb0fP6ka02XCR&team_id=T0001&team_domain=example&channel_id=C2147483705&channel_name=test&user_id=jos&command=system&text=local+mem' > Total: 17179869184, Free:41549824, UsedPercent:65.031576\n\nAnd to test the host info use this:\n\n$ curl 'http://localhost:9000/handleSlackCommand' -H 'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' --data 'token=5cLHiZjpWaRDb0fP6ka02XCR&team_id=T0001&team_domain=example&channel_id=C2147483705&channel_name=test&user_id=jos&command=system&text=local+host' > Boottime: 1453982905Hostname: Joss-MacBook-Pro.localUptime: 889269%\n\nAnd with that we're at the end of this article on slack / docker (and other sources) with go-lang. ",
"You can find the complete sources for this article here. ",
"And if you've got suggestions please let me know."
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"Q:\n\nAnalyze multiple choice questionnaire with python algorithm\n\nHey guys am looking for a steps for analyse questionnaire data that include 5 choose \"strongly disagree, disagree, not sure, agree, strongly agree\". ",
"What are the best steps to make the data ready to use the algorithm with python? ",
"The data is ready in excel. ",
"Thank you for your help. ",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou can start with analyzing your data with Explanatory data analysis(EDA)\n\nYou can do the descriptive analysis which includes Missing Values, \nQuantile \nstatistics, descriptive statistics, unique counts.",
"\nYou can perform correlation analysis on your data using Pearson correlation.",
"\nYou can also perform qualitative and quantitative analysis.",
"\nYou can also plot distribution histograms to analyze the data distribution.",
"\n\nYou can refer pandas-profiling for the EDA\nhttps://github.com/pandas-profiling/pandas-profiling\nBased on your EDA you can further proceed with data cleaning and data processing. ",
"\n\n"
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"Which are the best places to dine out in India? ",
"Which are the cities and localities that would burn a smaller hole in your pockets?",
"\n\nTo answer such questions, Mint examined data --- on ratings, cuisines, number of reviews, and prices --- across the six metropolitan cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Bengaluru using data from Zomato.com - a restaurant aggregator website. ",
"The top 1000 restaurants in each city based on number of reviews were considered for this analysis.",
"\n\nThe analysis shows that the average cost of eating out (for two people) is the highest in Mumbai ( ₹1280) and Delhi ( ₹1220), followed by Bengaluru ( ₹1020). ",
"The cost of eating out is relatively lower on average in Hyderabad ( ₹760), Kolkata ( ₹800) and Chennai ( ₹860). ",
"These numbers are as of end-September.",
"\n\nIn terms of cuisines, North Indian remains the single most popular cuisine across all cities, with a fifth or more of all restaurants in each of these cities offering North Indian food primarily. ",
"Mumbai and Kolkata have the highest number of restaurants that offer specialised international cuisines (276 and 261 restaurants) and Hyderabad offers the least (145).",
"\n\nThe average restaurant rating for the most-reviewed 1000 restaurants varies from 3.9 to 4.1 across the six cities but the skewness of ratings differs across cities. ",
"At 17 percent, Bengaluru has the highest number of restaurants with extremely good reviews (a score of greater than 4.5 on a scale of 5). ",
"Kolkata has the least proportion of restaurants with extremely good reviews (5 percent).",
"\n\nWhere are India’s best dine out-neighbourhoods?",
"\n\nIf one looks at the total number of reviews of all the restaurants in the neighbourhood as a proxy for popularity, Connaught Place in Delhi is the most popular dine-out neighbourhood with over 250,000 reviews. ",
"Indiranagar (230,000) and Koramangala (160,000) in Bengaluru are the second and fourth most popular neighbourhoods. ",
"Mumbai’s Bandra West (178,000) and Andheri West (134,000) are the third and fifth most popular neighbourhoods to go out and eat, according to this metric.",
"\n\nView Full Image Graphic: Sriharsha Devulapalli/Mint\n\nThe most expensive neighbourhood to eat out is Guindy in Chennai, with average cost for two people at ₹3,200 rupees. ",
"The neighbourhood is home to high-end hotels such as the ITC Grand Chola, which could be inflating the average cost figure. ",
"Delhi has the second and third most expensive neighbourhoods across these cities --- Aerocity ( ₹2,680) and Chanakyapuri ( ₹2,550). ",
"Kolkata’s Science City area ( ₹2,475) and Bandra Kurla Complex ( ₹2,150) in Mumbai are the fourth and fifth most expensive neighbourhoods to dine out.",
"\n\nView Full Image Graphic: Sriharsha Devulapalli/Mint\n\nAerocity in Delhi has the highest rated restaurants on average (4.4 out of 5). ",
"Four of the five most highly rated neighbourhoods across cities are all in Bengaluru. ",
"Restaurants in UB City, Residency Road, Sarjapur Road, and Lavelle Road in Bengaluru score an average of 4.3 out of 5. ",
"Bengaluru also has 12 out of the top 20 neighbourhoods by rating, making it the city with the maximum number of highly rated neighbourhoods.",
"\n\nWhere does one find the most variety in terms of cuisine? ",
"Indira Nagar in Bengaluru (35 varieties), Gachibowli in Hyderabad (31), and Nungambakkam in Chennai (30) offer the most choices of cuisine across city neighbourhoods, the analysis shows. ",
"The average neighbourhood across cities offers only 10 varieties.",
"\n\nIn terms of reviewers who made the effort to rate a restaurant, Bawarchi, a biryani restaurant in Hyderabad, tops the list with 43,000 reviews since 2014. ",
"The next most popular restaurants are Byg Brewski Brewing Company and Toit in Bengaluru with 19,000 and 16,000 reviews respectively.",
"\n\nOverall, when it comes to eating out, Bengaluru fares better on most parameters compared to other cities. ",
"Maybe the start-up capital of the country is also the dine-out capital today.",
"\n\nThis is the sixth of a ten-part data journalism series on life in Indian cities.",
"\n\nSubscribe to Mint Newsletters * Enter a valid email * Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter.",
"\n\nShare Via"
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"Artemisa Municipal Museum\n\nArtemisa Municipal Museum is a museum located in the Martí street in Artemisa, Cuba. ",
"It was established as museum on 28 January 1982.",
"\n\nThe museum holds collections on history and weaponry.",
"\n\nSee also \n List of museums in Cuba\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links \n \n\nCategory:Museums in Cuba\nMuseum\nCategory:Buildings and structures in Artemisa Province\nCategory:Museums established in 1982\nCategory:1982 establishments in Cuba"
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"\nThe unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion of the medial forebrain bundle induces hemiparkinsonism in rats and is a well established animal model of Parkinson's disease. ",
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"Extracellular single cell recordings revealed a bilaterally decreased firing rate in short-term 6-OHDA-lesioned rats (8-10 weeks post lesion) while no rate differences were evident in long-term lesioned animals (5-8 months post lesion) in vivo under chloral hydrate anaesthesia. ",
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"Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)\n\nThe Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014) was a military offensive launched by armed Syrian opposition forces led by the Free Syrian Army against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in the northern Aleppo Governorate. ",
"The offensive resulted in ISIL's withdrawal from the city of Azaz, Menagh Military Airbase, and a number of towns and villages in the area.",
"\n\nBackground\n\nISIL captured the city of Azaz from the Northern Storm Brigade in September 2013. ",
"This resulted in the closure of the Bab al-Salam border crossing from Turkey further north. ",
"The Northern Storm Brigade and the al-Tawhid Brigade withdrew from the city and were stationed in its outskirts.",
"\n\nFull-blown conflict between ISIL and other rebel groups erupted in January 2014. ",
"In the first few days of the conflict, al-Qaeda's al-Nusra Front and Ahrar al-Sham brokered a ceasefire agreement with ISIL in the city of Aleppo and its northern countryside. ",
"However, ISIL continued its attacks on other rebel groups and killed more than 24 rebel fighters across northern Syria. ",
"The newly created Army of Mujahideen also pledged to fight ISIL in both Aleppo and Idlib.",
"\n\nThe offensive\n\nFirst phase\nOn 13 February 2014, the Kurdish Front Brigade, the Northern Storm Brigade, and the Descendents of Messengers Brigade declared the beginning of a battle to recapture Azaz and the rest of northern Aleppo from ISIL, code named the Battle of Dignity. ",
"The groups declared the front to be a military exclusion zone and warned civilians to leave the area. ",
"The first clashes began in the village of Maryamin, Afrin and resulted in the Kurdish Front capturing the village. ",
"Clashes spread to Deir Jamal and several other villages. ",
"The top commander of the Kurdish Front, Alaa Ajabu, was killed in action during the fighting 4 days later.",
"\n\nBy 28 February, ISIL forces withdrew from Azaz, Menagh Military Airbase, Deir Jamal, and several other villages. ",
"ISIL forces from the area retreated to their strongholds of al-Bab, Jarabulus and Manbij in eastern Aleppo.",
"\n\nSecond phase\nOn 16 May 2014, 9 rebel groups formed the \"Free Syria Operations Room\", announced the beginning of the \"Battle of Northern Earthquake\", and declared the northern and eastern countrysides of Aleppo a military zone. ",
"Clashes took place in and near the town of al-Rai. ",
"ISIL reinforcements then arrived in al-Rai from Jarabulus to fight the rebels.",
"\n\nIn July 2014, ISIL launched a large-scale counter-offensive and recaptured the village of Bahwartah, north of Akhtarin, as well as 5 other villages. ",
"However, the al-Nusra Front and the Tawhid Brigade soon recaptured 3 of these villages. ",
"In response to the ISIL offensive, 11 rebel groups threatened to withdraw from the frontlines in the area due to the lack of support.",
"\n\nAftermath\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:Military operations of the Syrian Civil War in 2014\nCategory:Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving the Free Syrian Army\nCategory:Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant\nCategory:Aleppo Governorate in the Syrian Civil War\nCategory:Military operations of the Syrian Civil War involving the al-Nusra Front"
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"you've just got to know when to skip the filler. ",
"though if you read the manga frist you'll be able to do taht. ",
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"The present invention relates to an autonomous system for generating electricity, intended to be installed directly in the buildings where the energy is used, such as for example detached houses. ",
"It can make it possible to dispense with a link to the electrical network, to create less pollution and to be more economical in use than the systems of the same type which are already known, especially (but not exclusively) if it is used in cogeneration mode.",
"\nCogeneration systems are intended to produce electricity and heat simultaneously. ",
"They have both an economic and ecological benefit, since they make it possible to save energy and to limit the emissions of carbon dioxide which generates a greenhouse effect. ",
"They allow autonomous energy production, precisely where networks are not accessible.",
"\nHowever, cogeneration is used especially on a large scale, in units of several hundred kilowatts which are more adapted to industry or to dense housing. ",
"When the housing becomes less dense, and particularly in respect of detached houses, the benefit of centralized cogeneration of high power diminishes, since an expensive heat distribution network has to be constructed, giving rise to considerable energy losses. ",
"It would be much more beneficial to install the cogeneration system in the building where the energy is used. ",
"Numerous inventors have therefore devised cogeneration systems for small buildings, such as detached houses. ",
"The basic idea, consisting of using an electric generating set while recovering the heat of the heat engine in order to heat the building and the sanitary water, is described for example in patent U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"2,130,606. ",
"However, this simple system is not satisfactory. ",
"At the end user, the demand for electricity fluctuates greatly, with a maximum demand which is much greater than the average demand, and long periods of very low demand. ",
"The electric generating set must be dimensioned to provide the maximum electrical power, but it usually operates at very low load, this giving rise to very poor efficiency and premature wear. ",
"This system is not therefore used in practice.",
"\nU.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"3,944,837 proposes that this drawback be alleviated by connecting the cogeneration system to the public electrical network, in order to smooth the electricity demand. ",
"The electric generating set provides the average power continuously, and the network furnishes the difference between the average power and the instantaneous power. ",
"The company Senertec, in Germany, is proposing a cogeneration system based on a similar principle. ",
"However, this technique requires on the one hand that the network be accessible, thereby losing the advantage of autonomy, and on the other hand that the operator of the network purchase electricity under good conditions, this not always being guaranteed.",
"\nU.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"4,150,300 proposes that the electricity produced by the electric generating set be stored in electrochemical batteries. ",
"This solution currently represents the state of the art, since it affords numerous advantages relative to the previous solutions. ",
"It is found in particular on boats since the system is thus completely autonomous. ",
"The engine can rotate at its state of maximum efficiency long enough to charge the batteries, and stop completely between two charges. ",
"It can be dimensioned for an appreciably lower power than the maximum power. ",
"However, drawbacks still remain. ",
"The overall efficiency is fairly low on account of the poor storage efficiency of the batteries: of the order of 50% for lead batteries. ",
"Batteries have a lifetime limited to a few thousand charging and discharging cycles: they have to be renewed frequently, this being very expensive. ",
"Moreover, the batteries used for these applications contain heavy metals such as lead or cadmium: this is therefore a polluting solution.",
"\nNumerous patents, for example U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"4,444,444, propose that the electrochemical batteries be replaced by an inertial flywheel, also referred to as an electromechanical battery. ",
"The flywheel has the advantage over the battery of wearing out less rapidly, of being nonpolluting and of restoring the major part of the energy transmitted to it. ",
"To do this, the flywheel is placed in an evacuated enclosure so that the friction of the air at its periphery does not dissipate too much energy. ",
"Specifically, the peripheral speed of a storage flywheel is extremely high: of the order of 300 m/s for a steel flywheel, much more for a flywheel made of composite materials. ",
"The flywheel is then linked to the outside of the enclosure by a purely electrical link, the electric machine serving both as motor and as generator. ",
"This solution is beneficial if the electricity comes from the network, but for an autonomous system, it is not at all beneficial, since the mechanical energy of the heat engine must be converted into electrical energy before again being converted into mechanical energy bound for the flywheel, this giving rise to numerous losses.",
"\nNumerous patents, for example the document DE-A-40 30 134, propose that the flywheel be coupled mechanically to the heat engine, with the aid of a clutch, thereby eliminating the above problem. ",
"When the flywheel reaches its maximum speed, the clutch is opened, thereby enabling the motor to be stopped while leaving the flywheel and the electric generator rotating. ",
"This system has excellent storage efficiency, but still has drawbacks. ",
"In particular, the heat engine, coupled directly to the flywheel, must rotate at extremely variable duty regimes. ",
"The efficiency and the power of heat engines varying extremely greatly with the duty regime, the consequences of this are on the one hand that the efficiency is not very good and on the other hand that the motor must be overdimensioned in order to have enough power at the lowest duty regime.",
"\nNumerous patents relating to the transmissions of motor vehicles propose that this problem be solved by interposing between a heat engine and a storage flywheel a mechanical transmission allowing speed discrepancies: for example in the document U.S. Pat. ",
"No. ",
"3,886,810, this transmission comprises a hydraulic torque converter, a mechanical speed variator and a clutch. ",
"This arrangement, which seems never to have been proposed for an electricity generating system, makes it possible to render the duty regime of the engine independent of the state of charge of the flywheel.",
"\nHowever, the above two patents suffer from a major drawback inherent to mechanical transmission between the flywheel and the engine: the flywheel rotates in the air, thereby bringing about very considerable losses which decrease the efficiency, hence the benefit of the system. ",
"It would certainly be possible to place the flywheel in an evacuated enclosure with a dynamic seal on the transmission shaft, but this seal would in turn give rise to undesirable friction, let alone the risks of failure linked with the wearing thereof, since it is invoked continuously.",
"\nAn objective of the present invention is to solve all or some of these problems, by improving the known systems of the same type. ",
"These systems comprise a heat engine producing heat and mechanical power from a fuel, a flywheel for storing kinetic energy, a clutch between the heat engine and the flywheel and an electric generator coupled rigidly to the flywheel. ",
"The system according to the invention is essentially characterized in that the clutch, the flywheel and the electric generator are placed inside an enclosure where the pressure is appreciably lower than atmospheric pressure.",
"\nIn preferred embodiments of the invention, recourse may moreover be had to one and/or to the other of the following arrangements:\nthe clutch is controlled by electromagnet;\na power transmission member is placed between the heat engine and the clutch;\nthe power transmission member comprises at least one element chosen from: a hydraulic coupler, a hydraulic torque converter, a step-down gear, a step-up gear, a mechanical speed variator;\nthe power transmission member is a mechanical speed variator controlled in such a way that the heat engine rotates at a substantially constant duty regime during operation thereof;\nthe mechanical speed variator comprises a plate driven by the motor and an idler driving the flywheel, the power being transmitted from the plate to the idler by friction, it being possible for the idler to be moved on the plate in such a way as to modify the transmission ratio;\nthe mechanical speed variator is of the type with trapezoidal belt and variable-diameter pulleys;\nthe mechanical speed variator is of the toroidal type.",
"\nRecourse may also be had to one and/or to the other of the following arrangements, which may possibly be used independently of the other arrangements described in the present patent application:\nthe system furthermore comprises a heat-bearing fluid circuit adapted to cool at least one element chosen from: the heat engine, the power transmission member, the electric generator, at least one bearing supporting the flywheel: the heat-bearing fluid circuit thus recovers the heat dissipated by all or some of these elements;\nthe heat-bearing fluid circuit comprises a heat exchanger adapted to cool exhaust gases emitted by the heat engine by heat exchange with the heat-bearing fluid circuit, thereby recovering the heat of these exhaust gases;\nthe system furthermore comprises a burner adapted to produce heat from the fuel, the heat exchanger being adapted to at least partially transfer this heat to the heat-bearing fluid circuit;\nthe system furthermore comprising a fan adapted to blow air across the heat exchanger so as to cool the heat-bearing fluid.",
"\nRecourse may also be had to one and/or to the other of the following arrangements, which may possibly be used independently of the other arrangements described in the present patent application:\nthe heat engine is of a type chosen from: a controlled-ignition internal-combustion piston engine, a spontaneous-ignition internal-combustion piston engine (diesel), an external-combustion piston engine (Stirling), a gas turbine;\nthe heat engine is of the internal-combustion piston type and comprises a longer expansion stroke than the compression stroke (Miller cycle).",
"\nRecourse may also be had to one and/or to the other of the following arrangements, which may possibly be used independently of the other arrangements described in the present patent application:\nthe electric generator is a synchronous generator comprising a permanent-magnet rotor;\nthe electric generator is a homopolar generator, comprising a rotor made of a ferromagnetic material and a stator comprising on the one hand, a first coil making it possible to create a substantially constant magnetic flux in the rotor, and on the other hand, a plurality of second coils whose flux varies periodically with the rotation of the rotor, thus inducing the alternating output voltage;\na part of the flywheel serves the electric generator as magnetic circuit.",
"\nRecourse may also be had to one and/or to the other of the following arrangements, which may possibly be used independently of the other arrangements described in the present patent application:\nthe flywheel exhibits a shape chosen from the following list: a torus of substantially rectangular cross section, a side of the rectangle being oriented parallel to the axis of rotation, a solid disc of substantially constant thickness;\nthe flywheel is monoblock, axisymmetric, and it has a thickness that exhibits two bulges, respectively at the center and at the periphery, and an intermediate narrowing between said bulges;\nthe generator comprises a rotor fixed on one of the two bulges of the flywheel and a stator disposed opposite the narrowing of the flywheel;\nthe flywheel is made of steel;\nthe axial cylindrical surface or surfaces of the flywheel are prestressed by shot-peening;\nthe outer axial cylindrical surface of the flywheel is prestressed by fibers wound under tension;\nthe fibers wound under tension are made of a material chosen from the following list: glass, carbon, aramid.",
"\nRecourse may also be had to one and/or to the other of the following arrangements, which may possibly be used independently of the other arrangements described in the present patent application:\nthe flywheel is fixed elastically to its hub;\nthe flywheel comprises fixing tabs extending radially inward, the hub comprises arms extending radially outward, and the tabs are linked to the arms by blocks of elastic material.",
"\nRecourse may also be had to one and/or to the other of the following arrangements, which may possibly be used independently of the other arrangements described in the present patent application:\nthe heat engine and the flywheel each rotate about a horizontal axis;\nthe heat engine and the flywheel each rotate about a vertical axis;\nthe heat engine rotates about a horizontal axis and the flywheel rotates about a vertical axis;\nthe flywheel rotates about a vertical axis and is and is situated entirely in a dish made in a rigid base supporting the engine and the generator;\nthe flywheel is installed in a cavity under the level of the ground so as to hold back any eruption in the event of bursting."
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"INSTALLED_APPS\n File \"/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py\", line 48, in __getattr__\n self._setup(name)\n File \"/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/django/conf/__init__.py\", line 42, in _setup\n % (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))\ndjango.core.exceptions.",
"ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting INSTALLED_APPS, but settings are not configured. ",
"You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.",
"\n\nIt's a fresh installation of Ubuntu 15.04.",
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"\n\nA:\n\nYou have misspelled startproject as startprojekt. ",
"Try:\ndjango-admin startproject mysite\n\n"
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"I’m Gonna Change The World – New Year Radio Spot\n\nHello dear visitors! ",
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"\n\n×\n\nOnly Creative Commons\n\nWARNING: All images from Google Images\n(http://www.google.com/images) have reserved rights, so don't use images without license! ",
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"\n\nIt was created as a tool for policy makers and stakeholders in the region –to aide them in making informed decisions about projects [including infrastructure projects] in the Zambezi River Basin.",
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"You likely don’t know much about the U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. ",
"Though it keeps a low profile, this is the court the Federal Bureau of Investigation and National Security Agency go to when they want permission to put someone under surveillance. ",
"And they don’t get turned down, according to Reuters, citing a Justice Department memo. ",
"In 2015 the court received and approved 1,457 requests from the FBI and NSA. ",
"There were a bit fewer requests in 2014, but all of those were approved as well.",
"\n\nThe surveillance requests are for email or telephone intercepts. ",
"If granted, which is apparently always, they generally are carried out with the assistance of Internet telecommunications service providers.",
"\n\nRelated: The NSA gets exposed in first trailer for Oliver Stone’s Snowden\n\nThe Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court was founded in 1978 to hear requests by law enforcement and intelligence agencies to conduct surveillance on foreign suspects present in the U.S. It stands to reason that if you’re spying on spies, it’s better not to ask for permission in open court and leave a public paper trail.",
"\n\nThe secretive court was set up to scrutinize the requests in secret, in order to ensure compliance with applicable civil rights requirements. ",
"That all makes sense. ",
"That every single request is essentially approved, however, seems at least curious if not a bit off. ",
"The government response about its perfect record of approvals is that the FBI and NSA are very careful when applying for surveillance and that the court at times modifies the requests. ",
"In 2014, 19 requests were modified, in 2015, 80 were altered.",
"\n\nThe Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court hears more than surveillance requests. ",
"The FBI can also file National Security Letters (NSLs), asking Internet and telecommunications providers for customer information on foreign residents and U.S. citizens. ",
"Some NSLs ask for subscriber names, addresses, and billing information only, while others also request browsing history. ",
"The majority of information requests also come with a gag order, prohibiting the companies from informing customers of the requests. ",
"No information was provided showing the number of NSLs that were approved or denied."
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"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention is generally directed toward mapping storage partitions of storage elements for host systems. ",
"More specifically, the present invention relates to abstracting storage partition mapping from the storage elements into host systems.",
"\n2. ",
"Discussion of Related Art\nLarge storage systems typically include storage elements that comprise either a single storage device or an array of storage devices. ",
"The individual storage devices are accessed by host systems via Input/Output (I/O) requests, such as read and write requests, through one or more storage controllers. ",
"A user accessing the disks through the host system views the multiple disks as a single disk. ",
"One example of a large storage system includes a Redundant Array Of Independent Disks (RAID) storage system that has one or more logical units (LUNs) distributed over a plurality of disks. ",
"Multiple LUNs are often grouped together in storage partitions. ",
"Each storage partition is typically private to a particular host system, thus, LUNs of a particular storage partition are also private to the particular host system. ",
"Examples of the host systems include computing environments ranging from individual personal computers and workstations to large networked enterprises encompassing numerous, heterogeneous types of computing systems. ",
"A variety of well-known operating systems may be employed in such computing environments depending upon the needs of particular users and enterprises. ",
"Disks in such large storage systems may include standard hard disk drives as often found in personal computers as well as other types of storage devices such as optical storage, semiconductor storage (e.g., Random Access Memory disks, or RAM disks), tape storage, et cetera.",
"\nLarge storage systems have a finite capacity that may be scaled up or down by adding or removing disk drives as deemed necessary by the amount of needed storage space. ",
"However, since the capacity is finite, storage space of the storage system is limited to a maximum number of disks that can be employed by a particular storage system. ",
"Once the limit of disks is reached, storage space of the storage system can only be increased by replacement of the residing disks with disks that have more storage space, assuming the storage controller of the storage system allows higher capacity disks. ",
"Such a process is limited by disk technology advancements or by capabilities of the storage controller. ",
"However, many organizations demand larger storage capacity and cannot wait for these disk technology advancements or for changes to the storage controllers within the storage system.",
"\nOne solution attempts to address the problem by employing multiple storage systems to increase the storage capacity. ",
"The storage capacity problem is, thus, simply solved through the scaling of storage space by the number of storage systems. ",
"However, the storage systems operate independently and, therefore, mandate that users access information of each storage system independently. ",
"As more storage capacity is employed, management of the information on multiple storage systems becomes cumbersome.",
"\nOrganizations often demand increases to their storage capacity. ",
"For example, organizations that continually grow in size and technology have an ever-changing need to document and maintain information. ",
"These organizations also demand that the increases to their storage capacity be rapidly and easily implemented such that the stored information is rapidly accessible and flexibly configured for access within the organization. ",
"An unmanageable storage network of independent storage systems may impede or even prevent the management of the information stored in the storage systems. ",
"As evident from the above discussion, a need exists for improved structures and methods for managing data storage."
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"Identification of candidate sialome components expressed in ixodid tick salivary glands using secretion signal complementation in mammalian cells.",
"\nIxodid ticks manipulate mammalian host pathways by secreting molecules from salivary glands. ",
"Novel cDNAs containing functional secretion signals were isolated from ixodid tick salivary glands using a signal sequence trap. ",
"Only 15/61 Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and 1/7 Amblyomma variegatum cDNAs had significant identity (< 1e-15) to previously identified sequences. ",
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"Four homologous polymorphic proteins contained conserved (26/27 residues) signal peptides. ",
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"\nPaid Interview Opportunity for Developers - juliagladstone\nhttps://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfworhwZhm3jReGJUjcaRb1AHn6e53XMsrjOYl9sNls3DTybA/viewform\n======\njuliagladstone\nJack Strategy, a design and innovation firm is looking to interview developers\nwho work closely with marketing teams. ",
"Interviews will be 1.5 hours over\nGoogle Hangouts in mid to late July and participants will be compensated $150.",
"\nFill out this linked survey and we will be in touch!",
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"Q:\n\nIs there a Rails 3 version of the gem SMERF?",
"\n\nI have been looking for a gem that will help build user generated forms. ",
"\nI need to be able to allow users to define multiple fields like \"checkbox\" => value or \"pulldown\" => values as well as positon on the form itself for each. ",
" This form could then be saved and other users could fill it out and that data would be saved and associated with that form.",
"\nSMERF I thought would help, but its not been updated for a very long time and I am using rails 3. ",
"\n\nA:\n\nFunnily enough, I converted SMERF to Rails 3 a while ago. ",
"Not fully tested, so let me know if there are any problems.",
"\nhttp://github.com/ferrisoxide/smerf\nFair warning - this was my first attempt at getting a gem working with Rails 3. ",
"Bound to be crufty.",
"\n\n"
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"using System;\nusing System.",
"Drawing;\nusing System.",
"Runtime.",
"InteropServices;\n\nnamespace FlaUI.Core.",
"WindowsAPI\n{\n#pragma warning disable CS1591 // Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member\n public static class Gdi32\n {\n [DllImport(\"gdi32.dll\")]\n public static extern IntPtr CreateCompatibleBitmap(IntPtr hdc, int nWidth, int nHeight);\n\n [DllImport(\"gdi32.dll\")]\n public static extern IntPtr CreateCompatibleDC(IntPtr hdc);\n\n [DllImport(\"gdi32.dll\")]\n public static extern IntPtr SelectObject(IntPtr hdc, IntPtr bmp);\n\n [DllImport(\"gdi32.dll\")]\n public static extern bool BitBlt(IntPtr hdcDest, int xDest, int yDest, int wDest, int hDest, IntPtr hdcSource, int xSrc, int ySrc, CopyPixelOperation rop);\n\n [DllImport(\"gdi32.dll\")]\n public static extern bool SetStretchBltMode(IntPtr hdc, StretchMode iStretchMode);\n\n [DllImport(\"gdi32.dll\")]\n public static extern bool StretchBlt(\n IntPtr hdcDest, int nXOriginDest, int nYOriginDest, int nWidthDest, int nHeightDest,\n IntPtr hdcSrc, int nXOriginSrc, int nYOriginSrc, int nWidthSrc, int nHeightSrc,\n TernaryRasterOperations dwRop);\n\n [DllImport(\"gdi32.dll\")]\n public static extern IntPtr DeleteDC(IntPtr hDc);\n\n [DllImport(\"gdi32.dll\")]\n public static extern IntPtr DeleteObject(IntPtr hDc);\n }\n#pragma warning restore CS1591 // Missing XML comment for publicly visible type or member\n}\n"
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"Description of Problem:\nThe most recent version of xinetd on the updates.redhat.com and mirror sites\nlistens on a high number port (24452 I believe). ",
"When I connected to this\nport using telnet, I found a shell with root access priveleges. ",
"The loopback\naddress was allowed to connect without any user or password. ",
"All other\naddresses that I tried were immediately disconnected, but I only tried a few.",
"\nVersion-Release number of selected component (if applicable):\nxinetd-2.3.3-1\nHow Reproducible:\nInstall the package\nSteps to Reproduce:\n1. ",
"Install the package\nftp://updates.redhat.com/7.0/en/os/i386/xinetd-2.3.3-1.i386.rpm\n2. ",
"start xinetd (/etc/rc.d/init.d/xinetd start)\n3. ",
"connect to the high number port it listens on (telnet localhost 24452)\nActual Results:\nRoot priveleges to anyone with shell access (and maybe more)\nExpected Results:\nA security update that improves security\nAdditional Information:\nI found the same package in the 7.1 directory of the updates and didn't look\nat the 7.2 directory or any others."
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"Q:\n\nhow to include the node XML in my XSLT text output?",
"\n\nI'm trying to convert an XML file into a flat, pipe-delimited file with XSLT (for bulk-loading into Postgres). ",
" I would like the last column in my output to be the actual XML of the node (for additional post-processing and debugging). ",
" For example:\n<Library>\n <Book id=\"123\">\n <Title>Python Does Everythig</Title>\n <Author>Smith</Author>\n </Book>\n\n <Book id=\"456\">\n <Title>Postgres is Neat</Title>\n <Author>Wesson</Author>\n </Book>\n</Library>\n\nShould generate\nPython Does Everything|Smith|<Book id=\"123\"><Title>Python Does Everythig</Title>Author>Smith</Author></Book>\nPostgres is Neat|Wesson|<Book id=\"456\"><Title>Postgres is Neat</Title><Author>Wesson</Author></Book>\n\nMy current XSL is \n<xsl:stylesheet version=\"1.0\" xmlns:xsl=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform\">\n <xsl:strip-space elements=\"*\" />\n <xsl:output method=\"text\" omit-xml-declaration=\"yes\" indent=\"no\" /> \n <xsl:template match=\"//Book\">\n <xsl:value-of select=\"Title\" />\n <xsl:text>|</xsl:text>\n <xsl:value-of select=\"Author\" />\n\n <!-- ",
"put in the newline -->\n <xsl:text>
</xsl:text>\n </xsl:template>\n</xsl:stylesheet> \n\nA:\n\nI am not sure if this is a recommended solution, but you could try setting the output method to xml, and then just using the xsl:copy-of function.",
"\nSo, the following XSLT\n<xsl:stylesheet version=\"1.0\" xmlns:xsl=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform\"> \n <xsl:strip-space elements=\"*\" /> \n <xsl:output method=\"xml\" omit-xml-declaration=\"yes\" indent=\"no\" /> \n <xsl:template match=\"//Book\"> \n <xsl:value-of select=\"Title\" /> \n <xsl:text>|</xsl:text> \n <xsl:value-of select=\"Author\" /> \n <xsl:text>|</xsl:text> \n <xsl:copy-of select=\".\" /",
">\n <!-- ",
"put in the newline --> \n <xsl:text>
</xsl:text> \n </xsl:template> \n</xsl:stylesheet> \n\nWhen applied to your sample XML, generates the following output\nPython Does Everythig|Smith|<Book id=\"123\"><Title>Python Does Everythig</Title><Author>Smith</Author></Book>\nPostgres is Neat|Wesson|<Book id=\"456\"><Title>Postgres is Neat</Title><Author>Wesson</Author></Book>\n\n"
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"A group of Democrats in the House of Representatives are expected to call for the creation of a net neutrality working group in the chamber because they feel the Save the Internet Act is unlikely to become law as it is currently written.",
"\n\nAround three dozen lawmakers are crafting a letter to send to the House’s Democratic leadership—including House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) and Majority Leader Steny Hoyer (D-Md.)—expressing their desire for a working group to be formed in the wake of the Save the Internet Act not gaining traction in the Senate, where Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell called the bill “dead on arrival.”",
"\n\nThe draft letter was signed by more than 30 Democrats in the House, and staffers for six lawmakers confirmed to the Daily Dot this week that their lawmakers signed it. ",
"The draft letter has not yet been delivered, according to two sources familiar with the matter.",
"\n\nThe Save the Internet Act act would essentially undo the FCC’s repeal of net neutrality and restore the 2015 Open Internet Order. ",
"But in the Republican-controlled upper chamber, the bill faces an uphill battle.",
"\n\nA draft of the letter was obtained by net neutrality advocacy group Fight for the Future and shared with the Daily Dot. ",
"It calls for a bipartisan working group to be formed in the House, citing a similar one created by Sen. Kyrsten Sinema (D-Ariz.) and Sen. Roger Wicker (R-Miss.) in the Senate. ",
"That Senate group has been criticized by a number of net neutrality advocates.",
"\n\nNet neutrality advocates have argued that Title II of the Communications Act is a must-have as the foundation of any law and have announced their displeasure with this call for a working group. ",
"Both Wicker and Sinema have expressed concerns with the inclusion of laws similar to Title II, echoing sentiments of a number of Republican lawmakers in the House ahead of a possible vote for the Save the Internet Act.",
"\n\nThe House letter does not mention Title II specifically, but stresses that a new bill should be passed with a “bipartisanship consensus.”",
"\n\nThe Save the Internet Act passed in the House last month. ",
"Just one Republican voted in favor of the bill then.",
"\n\nMost of the members of the House who signed the letter also voted for the Save the Internet Act, and in the letter they commend the bill’s passage before calling for the working group.",
"\n\n“We, the undersigned, voted for this legislation because it represented an opportunity to resolve questions that courts have struggled with for decades,” the letter says, according to text shared with the Daily Dot. “",
"At the same time, we recognize that this legislation is unlikely to become law, or pass through the Senate, in its current form. ",
"If that proves true, consumers will be left without enforceable net neutrality protections while partisan conflict continues. ",
"We believe this result is unacceptable and unnecessary.”",
"\n\nThe Daily Dot reached out to representatives for all of the lawmakers who signed the draft letter. ",
"Of the six offices that confirmed they signed it, only one–Rep. Joe Cunningham (D-S.C.)–offered a statement.",
"\n\n“Rep. Cunningham believes net neutrality is fundamental to guaranteeing that every American has unencumbered access to the internet,” Rebecca Drago, a spokesperson for Cunningham, said. “",
"It’s also necessary to ensure a competitive, free market for the technology economy … Joe wants to see a law enacted on net neutrality as soon as possible and believes the creation of a bipartisan working group in the House is the best way to create bipartisan consensus.”",
"\n\nHowever, the effort was not without criticism, particularly from net neutrality advocates. ",
"Evan Greer, deputy director of Fight for the Future, said “no one” was going to be fooled by the call for a working group.",
"\n\n“I wouldn’t be surprised if this letter was drafted with the help of lobbyists from AT&T and Comcast,” Greer said. “",
"It mimics their talking points exactly … Zero net neutrality advocacy groups support this–the only reason any lawmaker would sign this letter is if they’re cozying up to big cable, or they’ve been duped by one of their colleagues into thinking this is a pro-net neutrality position. ",
"The line that refers to ‘various models for legislation’ almost certainly implies an openness to weak, loophole-filled, unenforceable legislation that claims to save net neutrality while permanently undermining it, which is what telecom lobbyists and their friends in Congress have been pushing for years.”",
"\n\nREAD MORE:"
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" Fourth Court of Appeals\n San Antonio, Texas\n JUDGMENT\n No. ",
"04-13-00007-CV\n\n WOODLAKE MANAGEMENT SERVICES L.L.C., John Augustin Butuza,\n Appellants\n\n v.\n\nRICHARD J. BONJORNO AND JUDY C. BONJORNO REVOCABLE TRUST, DATED\n JUNE 9, 1983 and Richard Bonjorno,\n Appellees\n\n From the 288th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas\n Trial Court No. ",
"2007-CI-13311\n Honorable Laura Salinas, Judge Presiding\n\n BEFORE CHIEF JUSTICE STONE, JUSTICE MARION, AND JUSTICE ALVAREZ\n\n We GRANT appellants’ Motion for Rehearing and withdraw our opinion and judgment of\nSeptember 18, 2013. ",
"In accordance with this court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial\ncourt is REVERSED and judgment is RENDERED that appellees take nothing. ",
"The cause is\nREMANDED for consideration of the amount of attorney’s fees to which appellants are entitled.",
"\n\n It is ORDERED that appellants recover costs of this appeal from appellees.",
"\n\n SIGNED January 8, 2014.",
"\n\n\n _____________________________\n Sandee Bryan Marion, Justice\n\f"
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"CLICK HERE FOR TRENDING VIDEOS\n\nTimes Men Think Before They Feel, And It Upsets Women\n\nYou know women are feelers and men are thinkers. (",
"Okay, let’s be real: women are just feelers and thinkers, while men are mostly just thinkers). ",
"Men tend to pay attention to their head before their heart when making decisions. ",
"In some arenas of life it is a strength, but in the arena of love it’s only a detriment. ",
"Men eventually feel the implications of their decisions on an emotional level, we just get there way before they do and it’s irritating waiting for them to catch up. ",
"Here are 14 times that men think before they feel, and it pisses women off.",
"\n\nMoving away\n\nYou tell your boyfriend that you have been offered a great job, but you may have to move to another city for it. ",
"He says, “That’s awesome baby! ",
"Congratulations! ",
"Sounds like such a great opportunity for you!” ",
"You bite your tongue, wondering when he’ll say, “But wait…you’d be moving away?!” ",
"And then of course, as you start seriously apartment hunting in a new city, he comes in, tail between his legs, saying, “But…but…but I don’t want you to go!”",
"\n\nChanging schedules\n\nYou’re offered more hours at your job, or offered a better job with an odd schedule, that will make it hard for you and your man to spend time together. ",
"Again you get the, “Congratulations! ",
"They must really like you! ",
"I’m proud of you!” ",
"That’s nice of him and all, but what about the fact that now you only get to see each other once a week? ",
"Oh…wait…here it comes…two weeks into your new position and you get that midnight text: “We barely see each other any more. ",
"I miss you (sad face emoticon)…” Uh huh.",
"\n\nSpending the holidays apart\n\nFor this or that reason it’s particularly important that you be with your family this holiday season, and he be with his. ",
"You apologize, explaining why you just can’t be with him this time. ",
"And he says, “No worries! ",
"I totally understand. ",
"You’ll have a great time with your family. ",
"Your mom will be so happy to see you. ",
"You haven’t been home in a while, so you’ll enjoy that.” ",
"He doesn’t seem to realize how sad it can feel to be away from your partner during the holidays. ",
"Until suddenly the time comes, and he’s calling you three or four times a day like a child missing his mommy, “We’re decorating the tree…you should be here (another sad face emoticon)” and “This is the last time we ever spend the holidays apart. ",
"It’s not right…”\n\nFalling asleep without being physical\n\nHe’s exhausted. ",
"He’s had a long day. ",
"He has to get up early. ",
"That’s all he can think about and when he gets into bed, he immediately situates himself in the, “I’m going to sleep position.” ",
"You would have liked some sex or even cuddling, but you let him sleep. ",
"And then of course in the morning, when you get up to leave, you get the, “But…wait! ",
"We didn’t even spend time together. ",
"I want to cuddle. ",
"I feel like I didn’t even see you!” ",
"Should have thought about that last night!",
"\n\nEating apart\n\nHe says he’ll be home late. ",
"He insists you don’t wait for him to eat. ",
"He’s getting upset that you’re even suggesting waiting for him. ",
"He puts in a delivery order for you, just to ensure you eat soon! ",
"He says it just doesn’t make sense for you to wait. ",
"And then, what do you know, when he gets home later, and is eating alone at the table, he looks at you with those sad eyes: “Baby…can you come sit with me? ",
"I don’t want to eat alone. ",
"I like when we eat together…”\n\nMeeting with the ex\n\nYour boyfriend’s ex calls up and wants to get a drink, just to “catch up.” ",
"He tells you, “It’s totally normal. ",
"There’s nothing left between us. ",
"There’s no reason for you to feel threatened or upset. ",
"We’re just friends.” ",
"He’s just being practical, and jaunts off for his catch-up drinks with the ex, not a worry in the world. ",
"But then two, three hours pass, and he starts thinking of his super sweet, understanding, non-controlling girlfriend sitting at home, who didn’t make even the tiniest fuss when he went out with is ex, and the guilt hits him. ",
"And he comes home, smothering you, “I love you! ",
"That was so nice of you to let me do that. ",
"You’re so great. ",
"I don’t deserve you. ",
"What can I do for you?” ",
"Yup. ",
"Because it is weird he went to see the ex. ",
"It just took him a few hours to realize it.",
"\n\nMissing his birthday\n\nYou’re invited to an event that will be a tremendous opportunity for your career, but it will require you to miss your man’s birthday. ",
"He says it’s fine, that he’s so proud of you, that he wants you to go to the event. ",
"And then, come that birthday, your phone is blowing up with texts, “My birthday just feels empty without you. ",
"The only gift I want is to have you here. ",
"I miss you!!! ",
"Can you come back now?”",
"\n\nTaking separate cars\n\nIt doesn’t really make sense for him to pick you up, or for you two to meet somewhere and go in one car to an event. ",
"He insists, “It’s just not practical.” ",
"So you just meet there, and leave in your separate cars. ",
"And slowly but surely, he begins to feel like he is just casually dating his supposed-serious girlfriend. ",
"And you get the sad, “I feel like our lives are so separate” line. ",
"Now, was it really worth it to take separate cars, all because it was “practical”?",
"\n\nSleeping apart\n\nHe’s working late almost every night, and instead of coming over when he’s done, and enjoying an hour with you or simply getting to wake up next to you, he says, “I’m just going to go home. ",
"I’d only pass out at your house anyways, so there’s no point.” ",
"You let it go. ",
"You don’t want to force him. ",
"But of course, after some weeks, you get the, “I miss waking up next to you! ",
"I feel like we never see each other. ",
"I want more time in bed with you” line.",
"\n\nVacation plans\n\nYour boyfriend books up your vacation together with activities from morning until night, because he’s a guy and guys don’t like to sit still and just chill on vacation. ",
"He says, “We flew all the way over here! ",
"It would be a shame if we didn’t experience as much as we could.” ",
"You want to be a good sport, so you follow him on his exhausting agenda. ",
"But then, of course, when the trip is over you get this: “I feel like we didn’t get to spend any time together…the trip went by so fast…We need to take another trip where we just relax with each other.” ",
"Of course. ",
"After the trip he realizes this.",
"\n\nSex at awkward times\n\nYou’ve barely talked for the last four hours as you’ve both been on your laptops, or perhaps you’re still in an unresolved fight—for whatever reason, you do not feel emotionally connected at all. ",
"But he wants to get sex going. ",
"You don’t want to be a prude or seem like you’re “withholding” sex as punishment, or as some sort of reward only if he does something for it. ",
"So, you go along with it. ",
"But all along…you know it will feel weird after. ",
"It always feels a little sad to have sex with your partner when you feel so emotionally disconnected. ",
"And when you roll off each other, back to your separate corners (emotionally and mentally) he feels it too: a little sad. ",
"But, as always, he let his you-know-what do the thinking. ",
"Alright, it wasn’t his brain. ",
"But it was still thinking, not feeling.",
"\n\nInviting friends along\n\nAny time you find something fun for the two of you to do, your man wants to invite friends along. “",
"This kind of thing is always better with a big group!” ",
"he says or, “Oh, these two friends of mine would love that!” ",
"And then, the guilt sets in as he realizes he hasn’t taken you on a one on one date in a while, and you deserve better. ",
"You start getting the, “I don’t treat you enough. ",
"I’m not a good boyfriend am I? ",
"You deserve more than this!” ",
"If he’d just let the friends stay home sometimes…\n\nNot coming home with you\n\nYou invite your boyfriend to come with you to visit your parents one weekend. ",
"He says, “I probably shouldn’t because I have a ton of work to do and should really catch up on sleep…” but then when he hears you talking about your hometown, and being with your family, he realizes he’s missed out on something really fun and something that was important to you, all so he could get a couple hours of work done.",
"\n\n“It seems okay…”\n\nYour boyfriend asks if it’s okay if he does something (go out of town for the third weekend in a row, invite a third wheel on your date) and you say yes. ",
"He accepts that at face value, thinking, “Well…for all practical reasons it should be fine for me to do that” and then he feels (usually because he senses it in you) that for emotional reasons, he shouldn’t have done it. ",
"This is, essentially, the theme of everything on this list.",
"\n\nNo man that I know rationalizes any of these situations in this way….if you believe men think like this no wonder you’re single\n\nNYshorty\n\nYou took the words right out my mouth!",
"\n\nNope\n\n“Taking Separate Cars”\n\nlol, I just experienced this last week. ",
"And I STILL don’t think it would’ve made sense for me to drive 10 minutes back in the opposite direction to pick her up, when I was just 5 minutes away from where we needed to be….",
"\n\nBut to sum this list up, pretty much a man not thinking about the relationship 24/7 or thinking like a woman.",
"\n\nRichie\n\nwhere we often go wrong, is in trying to use reason to solve our problems. ",
"love is not based on practicalities; it is based on emotion. ",
"focus not on the distance you will drive, but on the bond you will share. ",
"in this circumstance, arriving in separate cars seems like the educated thing to do; however, over the course of time, educated conclusions such as these will leave you and your partner emotionally disconnected. ",
"do not undermine the sensual aspects of your relationship. ",
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"May-June 2015 | THRILL RIDES!",
"\n\nBrooks Trimper and his family are poised to continue the 115-year tradition of delighting visitors from near and far at Trimper’s Rides in Ocean City\n\nWritten By: Nick Brandi | Photographer: Grant L. Gursky\n\nMore than 115 years ago, the warm days of spring meant that Daniel B. Trimper and his wife, Margaret, were gearing up for the new season of tourists to Ocean City. ",
"Back then, their turn-of-the-century business was modeled after Great Britain’s Windsor Castle. ",
"It was two hotels and an amusement park, which became known as Windsor Park.",
"\n\nToday, it’s the fourth and fifth generations of the Trimper family who are responsible for continuing the legacy established all those years ago. ",
"And while much has changed when it comes to the daily operation of what is now Trimper’s Rides, some things have stayed very much the same.",
"\n\n“When the carousel was in its infancy, it was powered by the same steam engine that provided some of the first manmade light in Ocean City,” said Brooks Trimper, the business’s current operations manager and chairman of the board.",
"\n\nObviously, that steam engine was replaced by conventional electrical power decades before Brooks, 34, was even born. ",
"Still, for all his vision as an entrepreneur, Daniel B. Trimper, Brooks’ great-great-grandfather, never could have imagined that the same carousel and all the rides alongside it would be run by something called a computer.",
"\n\n“Sure, technology is part of our business like everyone else’s,” Brooks said, “but there is still something about this business that is independent of time and technology.”",
"\n\nBrooks remembers, for example, that his mom, Gail, took him for his first ride on the iconic 103-year-old carousel before he was even a year old. ",
"To this day, he can vividly recall the aroma of cotton candy wafting through the salted air, and the sound of belts, gears and other machinery that the calliope music drowned out during peak season. ",
"In a way, it’s something like being in the circus, in that it is a life mainstream Americans may appreciate or even envy from the outside but one they can never fully understand.",
"\n\n“Every spring, as soon as the weather warmed up, and we were setting up all the attractions for the new season, we would ride the carousel and all the other rides before we were officially open and had to share them with the tourists and other visitors,” Brooks recalled. “",
"We had them all to ourselves, and as kids, we reveled in it. ",
"Those were almost magical times and some of the fondest memories of my childhood.”",
"\n\nThat same sense of nostalgia not only infused Brooks but also the rest of his family, all of whom have treasured personal memories similar to his own. ",
"It’s what makes their proprietorship different than most, because it’s not fueled by profit, glory or ambition alone.",
"\n\n“To us, it’s as if the amusement park were a member of our family who we have been trusted by our ancestors to care for and protect,” shared Brooks. “",
"We consider it not only a sacred responsibility but also an honor. ",
"Moreover, we feel the better job we do, the more people we give pleasure to. ",
"So, I ask you, how could anyone possibly have a better job than that?”",
"\n\nCredible evidence of this tireless dedication is the current protocol that has Brooks and the rest of his key crew wearing pedometers during peak season, to measure how much of the park they patrol during each shift. ",
"According to Brooks, the typical distance covered on any day is 20 to 25 miles.",
"\n\n“We definitely get exhausted from covering that much territory every night during peak season,” said Brooks, who works an average of 70-75 hours a week during that time.",
"\n\nStill, no matter how much one loves their job, there are always stresses to be borne, and Trimper’s is no exception.",
"\n\n“It may look like all fun from the outside, but this can be a challenging business,” Brooks confessed. “",
"When I have a tough day at the park, my favorite thing to relieve stress is actually to ride the carousel and talk to the various generations of people riding it with me, whether they’re from around town or the other side of the country. ",
"Sure, I solicit their feedback about their experience at the park, but what I like most is when they share the stories of when they were young, and their parents or grandparents used to take them here, and the memories they made from those innocent, simpler times. ",
"When I hear that, it gives me such a sense of perspective, such a sense of history, that I find whatever I was stressed about has basically disappeared.”",
"\n\nTrimper’s Rides is pleased to announce some changes for the 2015 season. ",
"Not only have they added the Balloon Fiesta ride, which is a Ferris wheel designed for kids of all ages and their families, but they’re unveiling the brand-new Spin Coaster, which also has broad-based appeal but is targeted more to the thrill-seekers among us."
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"Captain Scarlett\n\nCaptain Scarlett is a 1953 American Technicolor Adventure film directed by Thomas Carr, that was shot in Mexico. ",
" The film is set in France following the fall of Napoleon, stars Richard Greene in the title role as a Robin Hood-type avenger and the Brazilian actress Leonora Amar in her final screen role.",
"\n\nPlot\nAfter his estate is confiscated, returning soldier Captain Scarlett rescues Princess Maria from being abducted while she is travelling. ",
" She's not exactly grateful. ",
" He finds out that she is to be married to a man she doesn't like, so Captain Scarleft attempts to help her, but winds up in prison for his efforts. ",
" He escapes and finally helps the reluctant bride who winds up joining Captain Scarlett and his sidekick, and they become something along the lines of the Three Musketeers.",
"\n\nCast\nRichard Greene as Capt. ",
"Carlos Scarlett\nLeonora Amar as Princess Maria\nNedrick Young as Pierre DuCloux\nManuel Fábregas as The Duke de Corlaine\nEduardo Noriega as Count Villiers\n Carlos Múzquiz as Etienne Dumas\nIsabel del Puerto as Josephine Prenez\n George Treviño as The Friar\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1953 films\nCategory:American films\nCategory:English-language films\nCategory:1950s adventure films\nCategory:Films set in France\nCategory:Films set in the 1810s\nCategory:United Artists films\nCategory:American historical films\nCategory:1950s historical films\nCategory:Historical adventure films"
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"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to data processing. ",
"More particularly, this invention relates to the invalidation of stored address translations in address translation circuitry.",
"\nDescription of the Prior Art\nIn a data processing apparatus which performs data processing operations with reference to data values stored in a memory, it is known to provide address translation circuitry which is configured to convert addresses of a first addressing system into addresses of a second addressing system. ",
"For example, this is the case where data processing circuitry (e.g. a CPU) of the data processing apparatus is configured to perform its data processing operations using virtual addresses, whilst the data values which are stored in a memory are referenced by the memory using physical addresses. ",
"Hence, in this example the address translation circuitry is configured to convert the virtual addresses into physical addresses. ",
"Given that some address translations may be repeatedly performed, it is further known to cache a set of address translations in storage provided in close association with the data processing circuitry to facilitate the performance of the address translation process and in particular to avoid the latency associated with retrieving address translation definitions from the memory. ",
"Such address translation circuitry is for example provided by a translation lookaside buffer (TLB).",
"\nDue to the fact that particular address translations are associated with particular sections of memory and therefore will typically have defined permissions associated with them such that the corresponding address translation can only be provided to a requester which is allowed to make the requested type of access to the specified memory address, it is further known that address translations can become invalid, for example after a context switch. ",
"A simple, yet blunt, technique for handling this situation is to flush all stored address translations that are locally stored (cached) in such situations so that any address translation that is requested thereafter must be determined with reference to a definitive reference source, such as a page table stored in memory, thus ensuring that the memory access permissions are correctly respected. ",
"However, this can result in rather inefficient usage of the local address translation storage (e.g. TLB) since the entire local storage content is deleted and therefore must be repopulated before the full benefit of having the local storage can be realised again.",
"\nIt is also therefore known to configure such address translation circuitry to respond to an invalidation command which specifies a particular memory address and will cause any address translation circuitry in the data processing apparatus to invalidate a stored address translation corresponding to that address. ",
"Further, in order to allow the data processing circuitry to efficiently switch between contexts, or for example to host multiple virtual machines, it is also known to store an identifier (for example an address space identifier and/or a virtual machine identifier) in association with each locally stored address translation, such that any given address translation is only available to a requester which can provide a matching identifier. ",
"Accordingly, an invalidation command in such a data processing apparatus will also have a corresponding associated identifier, such that each process and/or virtual machine has control over the invalidation of its own stored address translations, but not over those of other processes/virtual machines."
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"DATE);\n List results =query.getResultList(); \n\nhere outService date can be null (the end is infinitely in the future)\nhow i can add this condition?",
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"Most Popular Posts\n\nDo or don't: Thongs\n\nSo. ",
"I have a secret...I wear thongs!",
"\n\nYes, it's true. ",
"For years, I figured they would be uncomfortable, so I avoided them; I was more of a cotton briefs girl. ",
"But then I tried Cosabella thongs, and I fell in love. ",
"They're made of soft, comfy lace, and the cut is chic and sexy. ",
"But the clincher for me? ",
"You don't get panty lines when wearing jeans, so you look SO much better from, ahem, behind. ",
"Now I wear them everyday.",
"\n\nI switch it up constantly. ",
"I have a few undies drawers! ",
"I like thongs, man pants, going commando, cute little briefs, and esp I like wearing American Apparel men briefs! ",
"so comfy but only for sleeping.",
"\n\nfrom gap. ",
"They're lace without being itchy, with a little bit of stretch, and just the right cut! ",
"I also love the muted colors they come in (there are usually more in store, although I just bought a hot pink pair!",
"\n\nI either wear hanky panky thong or calvin klein hipster briefs. ",
"I go full-butt panties when I wear dresses because you never know when a gust of wind will come by, and the dress wedgie is rather embarassing.",
"\n\nHA. ",
"I love the Laurel and Hardy photo that you used for this post. ",
"Does it sound weird if I ask if you have a particular brand that you like? ",
"Because I like wearing them too...but I've found it difficult to find ones that are soft and comfy. :)",
"\n\nI would give it a try. ",
"I feel like it would make me feel hot all day knowing I'm wearing cute undies. ",
"Like a secret confidence booster. ",
"You don't feel like you constantly have a wedgie though? ",
"I think that's ever non-thongers' main concern.",
"\n\nI need new undies desperately- maybe I'll go with the thongs this time! ",
"I've never worn them before...my aunt told me they were butt floss when I was tiny, and I've never wanted to try them after that comment!",
"\n\nBut i must admit that i think my butt looks better in panties. ",
"And since i like wearing dresses (no dresses or skirt with thongs... just feeling the breeze on my butt makes me nervous, getting up stairs too) and to take off my pants and walk around the house in panties at night when i get home, panties get the most mileage\n\nI love Hanky Panky thongs - I used to do Cosabella but found them a little uncomfy? ",
"But if you like them, maybe I'll try them again. ",
"It is a little weird that thongs have become somewhat of a norm only in just the last couple decades. ",
"I guess it has something to do with how tight our pants are these days, which my grandmother recently remarked on (referring to me!) ",
"with more than a little horror...\n\nThongs all the way! (",
"If I wear anything at all -- honestly, if I'm wearing jeans or tights or lots of other things besides \"work\" clothes, I'm panty-free...) I wore Cosabella when I was younger and now am a strict Hanky Panky devotee, though the Commando line is not bad either -- I just happen to prefer the stretch lace of the HPs, and they fit me perfectly.",
"\n\nHanky Panky all the way (but only the low-rise)! ",
"I've never tried Cosabella... I got a pair of Hanky Panky thongs at my bridal shower and now I probably own 20 pairs. ",
"It is literally all I wear, unless it is part of a lingerie set! ",
"They are SO comfy. ",
"Never on sale, because they are so popular, but by far the most comfy thongs EVER. ",
"Yay!",
"\n\nThis may be TMI but my gyno told me not to wear thongs every day because they make it easier to get an yeast infection. ",
"I don't know if it's true but I took his advice to heart. ",
"I now wear 100% cotton underwear from American Eagle that I *love* and thongs when I'm wearing a form-fitting outfit (usually when I go out).",
"\n\nBeen wearing them for years and years...probably 15 now...everyday. ",
"Love the lack of panty-line. ",
"Don't think I could ever go back! ",
"I am the only person I know who doesn't like the Cosabella brand. ",
"I usually stick with VS...they work for me!",
"\n\nI'm surprised to see so many ant-thongites on here. ",
"I've worn them pretty consistently for years and wear the lacey ones from Victoria's Secret. ",
"They are so comfy and I love a no panty line party! ",
"Viva la thong!",
"\n\nlace thongs! ",
"I wore them all pregnancy long too, until after my son's birth when I had to switch to granny panties for a few weeks. ",
"But I'm happy to report that I'm back into my old lacey thongs again! ",
"they're amazing and comfy\n\nThat's all I wear! ",
"Unless I'm wearing boyshorts to bed (because sometimes I find a cute non-thong and can't help myself!) ",
"But I've never had a comfort issue with them, especially once I discovered that cosabella style (I don't have any of that brand but lots of places make a similar style). ",
"It's like their not even there!",
"\n\nHaha, I love this post, could we all get any more \"girl talk\" right now? :)",
"\n\nI have a few pairs of thongs that I wear with stuff that would give me panty lines if I didn't - yoga pants, thin dresses, etc. ",
"But I can't stand them... I spend the whole day waiting to get home and take them off! ",
"I'm super sensitive to anything that even slightly rubs, chafes, or is wedged into places that nothing should be wedged, and I've yet to find a thong that doesn't drive me bananas. ",
"I just prefer good old low-rise high-cut bikini briefs...\n\nI wear thongs almost every day, too! ",
"I wear Lacies from Victoria's Secret, which look a lot like they kind you wear. ",
"They're one-size-fits-all, which is kind of weird, but they're sooo comfy! ",
"You might want to try them out as well :)\n\nNot any longer. ",
"The introduction of boyshorts a few years ago made me ditch all of my thongs, except for one or two pair. ",
"There are definitely some brands that are more comfortable than others, but I ultimately concluded that life is too short to wear underwear up your butt every day. ",
"Plus they're not terribly flattering when you're semi-naked.",
"\n\ni LOVE that you posted about this! ",
"so awesome:)when i was younger, i never understood how thongs could be comfortable.. now, they're my favorite. ",
"once in awhile i go to my gilligan & o'malley seamless ones.. so comfy also.",
"\n\nBest thong ever is this Felina thong.. I wear it in black or nude ever day! ",
"No, it's not meant to be sexy it's meant to be a great foundation piece that won't' show under clothing and is so so comfortable. ",
"I thought the same thing too for years, and if you buy a quality thong, you won't feel a thing. ",
"Now I only wear full-butt panties if I'm wearing a short skirt as anything else under clothes feels so bulky.",
"\n\nThongs all the way. ",
"These look like such a cozy everyday pair. ",
"I'll have to check them out. ",
"Thanks for the recommendation. ",
"And Anonymous 2:04 p.m. What exactly makes thongs trashy? ",
"They are just a personal preference for some woman and not for others.",
"\n\nI used to wear them but I never found them all that comfortable. ",
"I do love the no panty lines effect, though. ",
"Lately I've been buying that really tight material w. no hems (not sure what it's called, VS sells them), and it seems to be ok re: panty lines.",
"\n\nJust read some of the comments... why are people calling thongs trashy? ",
"I understand that if they're hanging out of your jeans then they look trashy, but for the average person who just wants to avoid panty lines (such as when wearing work pants), how on earth is that trashy? ",
"No one but you sees them...\n\nI have had a lot of trouble with thongs in the past (read: yeast infections) and they have never felt comfortable to me. ",
"I'm of the opinion that women with fuller bottoms find them more uncomfortable than women with flatter ones. ",
"Also, the only thing worse than VPL is visible thong line. ",
"When possible, go commando!",
"\n\nMy GYN has told me repeatedly to not wear thongs. ",
"Actually every GYN I've ever gone to has said it's a no-no because it's basically a pathway for bacteria... kinda gross when you think of it. : ( ",
"I LOVE the Aerie boybrief for sleeping. ",
"It also doesn't give a VPL with most clothes. ",
"http://www.ae.com/aerie/browse/product.jsp?productId=6444_8752_400&catId=cat4750004\n\nOther than those, I agree with the poster above that said VPL is usually from undies cutting across your cheeks. ",
"I wear a lot of brazilian or \"cheeky\" bikinis. ",
"Problem solved!",
"\n\nJoanna you are adorable! ",
"Your blog gets better every day! ",
"I think thongs are fine as long as girls don't wear them trampy and show them off as they wear them out and about. ",
"I think the show and tell should be saved for the special someone at home.",
"\n\nOkay, so, I know this is really weird, but my butt just like does NOT work with 99% of non-thong underwear. ",
"I basically have the bubble butt to end all bubble butts, and anything other than a thong fits terribly. ",
"Size small underwear fits in the front, but digs in like crazy in the back. ",
"It will ride up wedgy-style in about five seconds. ",
"Size medium underwear is often too big in the crotch (too wide, if that makes sense), but it usually STILL digs in in the back. ",
"So I just gave up on underwear with material on the back. ",
"I've had 3 pairs of non-thong underwear ever that don't do that.",
"\n\nI'm partial to Honeydew thongs, which have a pretty lace waistband with a nice cotton/rayon/polyester/something soft and magical underwear part.",
"\n\nUnder skirts and dresses, if I'm not wearing tights, I usually wear little seamless shorts so that I don't feel naked.",
"\n\nI pretty much always wear thongs. ",
"Other underwear inevitably end up giving me a wedgie (I don't know how to say that without being blunt haha) anyways, so why not just eliminate that problem all together? :)",
"\n\nAnyone who says a thong, ANY thong, is more comfortable then regular ol' bikinis is kidding herself. ",
"They're basically a permanent wedgie! ",
"But there is one style I can deal with and that's the lace skinny thongs from Gilly Hicks (gillyhicks.com). ",
"The lace is so soft and stretchy and THIN that you truly can't feel it, for real. ",
"I only wear them when I absolutely have to, but when I do it's great :)\n\nI find I only want to wear a thong when it's, um, sexy time. ",
"Actually, wearing silk panties has prevented me from getting any kind of a line under a dress and I find them most comfortable at all. ",
"Though I handwash, they last longer than those cheaper pairs I've purchased at the Gap, etc.",
"\n\nI've worn thongs since high school; I *can't* wear briefs. ",
"I've got a heart shaped bum, and while I know that's the \"desirable\" thing to have, it means that it's too shapely for briefs, and they end up bunching up and giving MASSIVE wedgies!",
"\n\nI've been wearing thongs for at least 10 years, I love them and don't have a brand preference. ",
"I always hated \"regular\" underwear and would get wedgies all the time, then one day in TJMaxx I saw a thong and have never ever looked back!",
"\n\nI love pretty undies as much as the next gal, but I just wanted to chime in about infections (fun!)and underwear. ",
"I'm a doc and thongs increase the risk of getting bladder infections, so if a woman has had them before I tell her not to wear thongs. ",
"I also tell my lady patients to try and wear only cotton (no synthetics) to avoid infections as well. ",
"One last tip: avoid underwear to bed if possible (or wear only cotton).",
"\n\nOh no! ",
"I just cannot get on with thongs! (",
"Although to be fair I haven't tried for 10 years...)\n\nI want a pant that covers my entire bottom but still manages to be sexy! ",
"A UK department store called Debenhams stocks some great underwear and I also love La Senza...they do a silky black number with lace at the top - perfect!",
"\n\ni LOVE Hanky Panky! ",
"They are the same lace, but you can throw em in the wash and they won't tear (a lot of the cheaper versions- gap.target,ecet) will tear if you don't hand wash. ",
"AND Hanky Panky's come in the CUTEST colors!",
"\n\nMe too! ",
"I HATE regular undies. ",
"I guess my butt cheeks won't hold the fabric in place, so they always seem to find their way into the crack. ",
"I'd much rather a small strip of fabric in there than a whole bunch of grannie panty!",
"\n\nWe always used to have the thongs v big knickers (panties - I'm British!) ",
"debate when we were coming of lingere buying age... and now I'm so used to wearing thongs I don't question buying anything else.",
"\n\nThat was until staying with the boyfriend's mother who kindly did our laundry and commented on \"how small\" my under garments were... hmm...\n\nI don't usually like them. ",
"I have tried lots of different brands at different times over the years, but they are never what I reach for to wear. ",
"I don't really like how they look (I don't think they do great things for the rear view without clothes), and then the comfort factor is not 100 %. ",
"I much prefer a cheekie brief or boyshort type cut, looks lots better on without clothes and much more comfortable.",
"\n\nMy only thing with underwear is that it has to match with the bra. ",
"Never wear unmatching.",
"\n\nLike someone else I don't get panty lines with jeans, even skinny jeans. ",
"Maybe I am wearing jeans of a thicker denim? ",
"I usually wear gym gear with a built in brief or liner so vpl's are not an issue there. ",
"Then with skirts and dresses I can't imagine ever wanting to wear a g-string (thong).",
"\n\nI have worn everything from thongs to boyshorts, and I've been a recent thong convert. ",
"I love the Aerie vintage lace ones because they fit so nicely. ",
"Tangas are a great way to do the transition slowly since you're not completely left bare. ;) ",
"Either way I am completely an Aerie underwear girl. ",
"And their bras fit amazingly too.",
"\n\nI might try some more VS underwear as time goes on. ",
"They have some great undies too.",
"\n\nI have to laugh! ",
"When I first read the First line of your post I was wondering, 'why on earth is it such a secret that she wears thongs?' ",
"then I scrolled down & realized you meant underwear & not the footwear that we Aussies call thongs(flip flops!)!",
"\n\nOh! ",
"I would love to love thongs, but I've tried over and over and it's just like an all day wedgie (sp??) ",
"I've asked friends and they just say you get used to it, but so far I've found that I just end up thinking about my underwear all day. ",
"Maybe I need to spend more on a nicer brand.",
"\n\nI'm not a thong all time girl, but there are items that are just better when there's less on the bottom. ",
"I didn't realize how much I wore them until someone stole my thongs. ",
"I stupidly left my laundry hanging out over night outside my apartment, and when I brought the laundry back in, only the the thongs were missing. ",
"Some sicko picked through my clothes and only took the choice pieces. (((",
"shudder)))\n\nNo way! ",
"I've tried a couple of different thongs and could *never* get used to having something between my butt! ",
"Too weird! ",
"I like Aerie underwear and Target has a nice brand called Gillian and Malley, too!",
"\n\nI don't mind thongs* and will happily wear them with a tight skirt or pair of pants that requires it, but if I can get away with not wearing them I will. ",
"I love cotton hipster boylegs for everyday, and then have a bunch of pretty lacy thongs and french knickers for when someone is actually going to see them.",
"\n\n*I find it funny to call them thongs as in Australia \"thongs\" are what Americans call \"flip flops\", and the type of underwear is called a \"g-string\" here.",
"This has made for some awkward moments whenever I've said \"Let me just go put my thongs on before we walk down to the shops\" in front of American friends!",
"\n\nI'm picky about my undies too! ",
"I also prefer to wear thongs under jeans and other tight garments. ",
"I have found that thongs with strings on the side (for extra stretch) are the comfiest on my curvy hips and big booty. ",
"For bed and looser dresses and such I stick with classic low rise bikinis. ",
"Boy shorts, \"cheekies\" and other options that cut off across my butt cheeks are so annoying. ",
"My favorite time of day is gym time when I go commando ;) Lucy.com carries great workout pants with a cotton liner, so no undies are necessary. ",
"This is so much more comfortable and more hygienic than wearing thongs under tight workout pants! ",
"Love them.",
"\n\numm, hi(((: you probably won't get to this one,but i was on \"The Satorialist\" a couple days ago (which you introduced me to) and i found a pic of this spiffy guy and i found out his name was Ouiji Theodore on google and i was reading a recent article about him on The New York Times.com and saw that it was written by... (drum roll!)... ",
"Alex Williams... so i thought that was funny that it came full circle is all ^______^ p.s. ",
"the thong is cute by i dig boyshorts!(:",
"\n\nCosabella and Hanky Panky are both wonderful, and I own way too many pairs of both brands, but I've noticed that Cosabella thongs start losing their elastic and fraying, whereas I've never had that problem with Hankys. ",
"Just a tip!",
"\n\nI love them. ",
"I don't notice them when I'm wearing them so they're not uncomfortable at all. ",
"I actually find them more comfortable than a lot of other kinds of underwear. ",
"I find ones that have stretchy lace to be my favourite.",
"\n\nyou have to try soma's invisible edge panties. ",
"they're literally the only underwear i wear now, and theyre totally invisible under everything.. from white pants to yoga pants, you can't see them. ",
"they have some plastic ribbing along the edge instead of a thick band of elastic, so there's no panty line at all.",
"\n\nI guess I'm just an equal opportunity employer when it comes to underwear- thongs, briefs, boy shorts... I wear 'em all and sometimes nothing at all! (",
"BUT only on laundry day and never a skirt, just so we're clear.)",
"\n\nI've had great luck with the lace thongs from gap body and they're a bit cheaper than their hanky panky/cosabella counterparts too, if anyone is interested. :)",
"\n\nAlready posted to say I am not a huge thong fan, but just had to come back to say...alhough I may find them a little less than 100 % uncomfortable. ",
"They are no where near the holy heck uncomfortable that is underwear that has a vertical seam all the way up the middle in the front. ",
"I inadvertently bought a pair when I was not paying too much attention. ",
"They soon went in the trash!The only reason I can think for a company doing that is to save $$ on fabric?",
"\n\nthongs all the way! ",
"but i'm really specific....the soft lace waisted thongs from VS are pretty much the only undies in my drawer....except for a few cute boy short style ones....and the full bottom's that come out once a month and are only for sweatpants or bedtime. ",
"interesting to read everyones opinions :)\n\nOh my gosh, no! ",
"They're like a highway of bacteria from your pooper to your urethra! ",
"And I don't know about anyone else, but I tend to stay quite moist down there so thongs just cause a lot of chafing and chapping. ",
"Awful, awful, awful! ",
"Bikinis for me!",
"\n\ncute post. ",
"i definitely wear thongs too. ",
"i stick to the lace-around-the waist ones from victorias secret. ",
"they are super comfortable and not to mention pretty. ",
"i read once that the underwear you wear can influence you mood & its so true! ",
"if you wear sexy underwear it instantly makes you feel a little sexier and its so true!!!",
"\n\nI've never worn a thong because I think they look so uncomfortable but mahybe I should give it a try! ",
"When I'm wearing leggings/ tight jeans or dress I wear invisible hem knickers. ",
"They are from Intimissimi and so comfortable! ",
"It confuses my boyfriend into thinking I'm wearing no underwear at all ;)\n\nI for the life of me do not understand people's obsessions with erasing panty lines. ",
"It's never struck me as something so drastically awful that I needed to focus on it. ",
"So I've left the thongs along. ",
"It's comfortable undies for this lady.",
"\n\nI wear both briefs and thongs. ",
"I don't understand why some people hate thongs so much! ",
"I find them to be comfortable, but I've had people heatedly argue that there's NO WAY something \"up my butt\" could be comfortable.",
"\n\nThat's just about all I wear! ",
"I usually sleep in boy shorts or hipsters. ",
"My reason: I hate VPLs but more than that, I hate elastic waist bands that give me any trace of love handles. ",
"I love that the lace just lays against my skin and thongs are so comfortable! ",
"I stock up on the Victoria's Secret PINK 5/$25 deals. :)",
"\n\nI feel awkward wearing anything but thongs! ",
"Hanky Panky are my favorite, and I also wear the VS lace ones quite a bit. ",
"I have bought a few cheap pairs that were definitely awful and uncomfortable, so maybe that is where a lot of the ladies discomfort comes in? ",
"I just feel like its so much fabric when I wear briefs. :)",
"\n\nI personally don't care what underwear other people prefer, as long as I can't see it. ",
"The whale-tail is evil but so is visible underwear of any kind. ",
"I think the ladies that are so \"shocked\" that some people don't wear thongs doth protest too much.",
"\n\nIt personally feels unsanitary to me to have fabric riding up there, and I'd like to avoid trips to the gyno but if you prefer it and don't have issues, good for you. ",
"Why do we care so much what other people wear? ",
"Personally I find thongs uncomfortable and no amount of other people singing their praises will shift my opinion. ",
"We're all different. ",
"Do what works for you. ",
"I hate it when girls throw around \"granny\" or \"trashy\". ",
"If you aren't wearing it, what do you care? ",
"We all have different ideas of sexy or comfortable. ",
"Personally, I love a boy short on a girl, nothing cuter...to me.",
"\n\nI was a thong girl forever - no panty lines thank you very much. ",
"But I'm Mormon and so yes - I now wear THOSE underwear :) They sound strange, I know. ",
"But they do have a cool meaning. ",
"And one very handy thing: still no panty lines !! :)",
"\n\nYes! ",
"I love thongs- especially Hanky Panky! ",
"My mum has started this cute tradition where she gifts me a few colorful pairs of panties at Christmas, and I always know what I'm opening because she signs the card \"from Mom, not Dad.\"",
"\n\nReally? ",
"I thought thongs were dying a slow death, at least it feels like that in Europe. ",
"Of course, i wore them when it was kind of compulsory but hated them for a few reasons: i find them very unconfortable, I guess it depends on body type, some women find them mormconfortable after they have become moms. ",
"Then there is the hygiene issue, it's just no good as regular wear. ",
"Plus, i guess some, or many, men go for them, but the kind of men I like and certainly my man don't. ",
"It all goes down to personal choice only... As some one mentioned, there is something worse than vpl and that is visible thong line. ",
"And because people assume that thongs are vpl proof (they are not!) ",
"you got a lot of that. ",
"Visible thong through leggings, and thin skirts, and white trousers... Yuck.",
"\n\nI was just seeking this information for some time. ",
"After six hours of continuous Googleing, finally I got it in your web site. ",
"I wonder what's the lack of Google strategy that do not rank this kind of informative websites in top of the list. ",
"Usually the top websites are full of garbage.",
"NeoCube Cube-Tastic Value Pack (251 spheres)\n\ni disagree whole heartedly with no panty line argument. ",
"there absolutely is still a panty line, only in a different, place. ",
"in my opinion the thong panty line looks much much worse. ",
"really, if that is what you are going for, those boy short cut ones are the way to go because the line is below your cheeks, much less obvious than a big ugly thong line, and you still get the little bum lift that comes from more full coverage styles.",
"\n\nAs an athletic girl, I've tried every cut of underwear out there, looking for something that won't slide and bunch. ",
"Hanes No-Slip low-rise bikinis or hipsters are the only comfy undies that stay in place for me. :)",
"\n\nBoy shorts. ",
"My guy thinks they're adorable and asks me why I don't wear them more often. ",
"He likes them even more than lace. ",
"I'm not big on thongs. ",
"They're surprisingly comfortable, but I feel like I'm not wearing anything and it makes me self-conscious.",
"\n\nI know I am way late with this comment, but just reading this post from one of your links in another post.",
"\n\nI have never been one to wear thongs, but not opposed to trying again with a good pair. ",
"I looked up the Cosabella ones and they say hand wash or dry clean. ",
"Does everyone here who wears them hand wash all their undies? ",
"Just curious. ",
"I can't see myself taking time out to do that. ",
"I don't mind line drying bra's and undies, but not sure about hand washing.",
"\n\nWelcome to E-kini.com. ",
"Home of the original clear-lined thong for men.",
"The Original E-Kini- Whether your tanning, hiking, swimming or arousing your partner , E-Kini.com is the brand for you. ",
"Loved by nudist everywhere (for when you have to cover up), but Not limited to anyone. ",
"From the soldier to the older, and from the straight guy to the queer eye. ",
"Your E-kini will give you the Support you are looking for, with minimal coverage."
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[
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"I am querying bytes read bytes written and IO operation because I want to later show them in a line chart.",
"\nData\n{\n \"Number of Devices\": 2,\n \"Block Devices\": {\n \"bdev0\": {\n \"Backend_Device_Path\": \"/dev/disk/by-path/ip-192.168.26.1:3260-iscsi-iqn.2010-10.org.openstack:volume-d1c8e7c6-8c77-444c-9a93-8b56fa1e37f2-lun-010.0.0.142\",\n \"Capacity\": \"2147483648\",\n \"Guest_Device_Name\": \"vdb\",\n \"IO_Operations\": \"97069\",\n \"Bytes_Written\": \"34410496\",\n \"Bytes_Read\": \"363172864\"\n },\n \"bdev1\": {\n \"Backend_Device_Path\": \"/dev/disk/by-path/ip-192.168.26.1:3260-iscsi-iqn.2010-10.org.openstack:volume-b27110f9-41ba-4bc6-b97c-b5dde23af1f9-lun-010.0.0.146\",\n \"Capacity\": \"2147483648\",\n \"Guest_Device_Name\": \"vdb\",\n \"IO_Operations\": \"93\",\n \"Bytes_Written\": \"0\",\n \"Bytes_Read\": \"380928\"\n }\n }\n}\n\ncode\n#Get data checkpoint size\nurl = 'url'\nr = requests.get(url)\ndata = r.text\nprint data\n\ndef counterVolume(data):\n for each in data:\n x = each.",
"Bytes_Written\n y = each.",
"Bytes_Read\n z = each.",
"IO_Operations\n print {'Bytes_written': x, 'Bytes_Read': y, 'IO_Operations': z}\n\nI want the output to be \n{'Bytes_written': value, 'Bytes_Read': value, 'IO_Operations': value}\n\nA:\n\nAssuming you've got a valid JSON response, retrieve your data as such:\ndata = r.json()\n\nThen iterate over the block devices:\nfor devname, stats in data['Block Devices'].iteritems():\n print '{} had {Bytes_Read} read and {Bytes_Written} written'.format(devname, **stats)\n\nYou can print as JSON a subset of the response using:\nimport json\n\nwanted = {'Bytes_Written', 'Bytes_Written', 'IO_Operation'}\nfor d in data['Block Devices'].itervalues():\n values = {k: v for k, v in d.iteritems() if k in wanted}\n print json.dumps(values)\n\n"
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[
"---\nabstract: |\n [Abstract.]{} ",
"We prove central limit theorems for models of network formation and network processes with homophilous agents. ",
"The results hold under large-network asymptotics, enabling inference in the typical setting where the sample consists of a small set of large networks. ",
"We first establish a general central limit theorem under high-level “stabilization” conditions that provide a useful formulation of weak dependence, particularly in models with strategic interactions. ",
"The result delivers a $\\sqrt{n}$ rate of convergence and a closed-form expression for the asymptotic variance. ",
"Then using techniques in branching process theory, we derive primitive conditions for stabilization in the following applications: static and dynamic models of strategic network formation, network regressions, and treatment effects with network spillovers. ",
"Finally, we suggest some practical methods for inference.",
"\n\n [JEL Codes]{}: C31, C57, D85\n\n [Keywords]{}: social networks, network formation, network regression, network interference, objective method\nauthor:\n- 'Michael P. Leung[^1]'\n- 'Hyungsik Roger Moon[^2]'\ntitle: '**Normal Approximation in Large Network Models[^3]**'\n---\n\n[xx]{}\n\n, “Estimating Average Causal Effects Under General Interference, with Application to a Social Network Experiment,” [ *Annals of Applied Statistics*]{}, 2017, [*11*]{} (4), 1912–1947.",
"\n\n, “Discrete Games in Endogenous Networks: Theory and Policy,” [*working paper*]{}, 2013.",
"\n\n, “Social Connections and Incentives in the Workplace: Evidence from Personnel Data,” [ *Econometrica*]{}, 2009, [*77*]{} (4), 1047–1094.",
"\n\n, “Gaussian Limits for Random Measures in Geometric Probability,” [*Annals of Applied Probability*]{}, 2005, [*15*]{} (1A), 213–253.",
"\n\n, “Subsampling Bootstrap of Count Features of Networks,” [*The Annals of Statistics*]{}, 2015, [*43*]{} (6), 2384–2411.",
"\n\n, “The Phase Transition in Inhomogeneous Random Graphs,” [*Random Structures and Algorithms*]{}, 2007, [*31*]{} (1), 3–122.",
"\n\n, “My Friend Far Far Away: A Random Field Approach to Exponential Random Graph Models,” [*working paper*]{}, 2015.",
"\n\n, “Identification of Peer Effects through Social Networks,” [*Journal of Econometrics*]{}, 2009, [ *150*]{} (1), 41–55.",
"\n\n, “Using Aggregated Relational Data to Feasibly Identify Network Structure without Network Data,” [*arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.04157*]{}, 2017.",
"\n\n, “Social Networks and the Decision to Insure,” [*American Economic Journal: Applied Economics*]{}, 2015, [*7*]{} (2), 81–108.",
"\n\n, “Randomization Tests Under an Approximate Symmetry Assumption,” [*Econometrica*]{}, 2017, [*85*]{} (3), 1013–1030.",
"\n\n, “Binary Response Models for Panel Data: Identification and Information,” [*Econometrica*]{}, 2010, [*78*]{} (1), 159–168.",
"\n\n, “Econometrics of Network Formation,” in Y. Bramoullé, A. Galeotti, and B. Rogers, eds., [*",
"Oxford Handbook on the Econometrics of Networks*]{}, 2016.",
"\n\n, “A Network Formation Model Based on Subgraphs,” [*working paper*]{}, 2015.",
"\n\n, “Econometrics of Sampled Networks,” [ *working paper*]{}, 2016.",
"\n\n, “Average and Quantile Effects in Nonseparable Panel Models,” [*Econometrica*]{}, 2013, [*81*]{} (2), 535–580.",
"\n\n, “An Empirical Model for Strategic Network Formation,” [*working paper*]{}, 2010.",
"\n\n, “Identifying Preferences in Networks with Bounded Degree,” [*Econometrica*]{}, 2018, [*86*]{} (1), 263–288.",
"\n\n, “An Empirical Model fo Dyadic Link Formation in a Network with Unobserved Heterogeneity,” [*working paper*]{}, 2014.",
"\n\n, “The Formation of Risk-Sharing Networks,” [*Journal of Economic Development*]{}, 2007, [*83*]{}, 326–350.",
"\n\n, “Set Identification in Models with Multiple Equilibria,” [*Review of Economic Studies*]{}, 2011, [*78*]{} (4), 1264–1298.",
"\n\n, “Social networks and the identification of peer effects,” [*Journal of Business & Economic Statistics*]{}, 2013, [*31*]{} (3), 253–264.",
"\n\n, “An Empirical Model of Network Formation: Detecting Homophily when Agents Are Heterogeneous,” [*working paper*]{}, 2014.",
"\n\n, “Homophily and Transitivity in Dynamic Network Formation,” [*working paper*]{}, 2016.",
"\n\n, [*Martingale Limit Theory and its Application*]{}, Academic press, 2014.",
"\n\n, “Whom You Know Matters: Venture Capital Networks and Investment Performance,” [*Journal of Finance*]{}, 2007, [*62*]{} (1), 251–301.",
"\n\n, “Latent Space Approaches to Social Network Analysis,” [*Journal of the American Statistical Association*]{}, 2002, [*97*]{} (460), 1090–1098.",
"\n\n, “A Social Interactions Model with Endogenous Friendship Formation and Selectivity,” [*Journal of Applied Econometrics*]{}, 2016, [*31*]{} (2), 301–319.",
"\n\n, “$t$-Statistic Based Correlation and Heterogeneity Robust Inference,” [*Journal of Business & Economic Statistics*]{}, 2010, [*28*]{} (4), 453–468.",
"\n\n, [*Social and Economic Networks*]{}, Princeton University Press, 2008.",
"\n\n, “The [Evolution]{} of [Social]{} and [Economic]{} [Networks]{},” [*Journal of Economic Theory*]{}, October 2002, [*106*]{} (2), 265–295.",
"\n\n, “Spatial Semiparametric Model with Endogenous Regressors,” [*Econometric Theory*]{}, 2016, [*32*]{} (3), 714–739.",
"\n\n, “On Spatial Processes and Asymptotic Inference under Near-Epoch Dependence,” [*Journal of Econometrics*]{}, 2012, [*170*]{} (1), 178–190.",
"\n\n, “Estimation of Peer Effects in Endogenous Social Networks: Control Function Approach,” [*working paper*]{}, 2017.",
"\n\n, “A New Asymptotic Theory for Heteroskedasticity-Autocorrelation Robust Tests,” [*Econometric Theory*]{}, 2005, [*21*]{} (6), 1130–1164.",
"\n\n, [*Poisson Processes*]{}, Oxford University Press, 1993.",
"\n\n, “Dynamic Spatial Panel Models: Networks, Common Shocks, and Sequential Exogeneity,” [*working ppaer*]{}, 2018.",
"\n\n, “Two-Step Estimation of Network-Formation Models with Incomplete Information,” [*Journal of Econometrics*]{}, 2015, [*188*]{} (1), 182–195.",
"\n\n, “Dependence-Robust Inference Using Resampled Statistics,” [*working paper*]{}, 2019.",
"\n\n, “Treatment and Spillover Effects Under Network Interference,” [*working paper*]{}, 2019.",
"\n\n, “A Weak Law for Moments of Pairwise-Stable Networks,” [ *working paper*]{}, 2019.",
"\n\n, “Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks,” [*Annual Review of Sociology*]{}, 2001, [ *27*]{}, 415–444.",
"\n\n, [*Continuum Percolation*]{} number 119, Cambridge University Press, 1996.",
"\n\n, “Segregation in Social Networks: A Structural Approach,” [ *working paper*]{}, 2017.",
"\n\n, “A Structural Model of Dense Network Formation,” [ *Econometrica*]{}, 2017, [*85*]{} (3), 825–850.",
"\n\n, “Strategic Network Formation with Many Agents,” [ *working paper*]{}, 2016.",
"\n\n, “Worms: Identifying Impacts on Education and Health in the Presence of Treatment Externalities,” [*Econometrica*]{}, 2004, [*72*]{} (1), 159–217.",
"\n\n, “Determinants Of Technology Adoption: Peer Effects In Menstrual Cup Take-Up,” [*Journal of the European Economic Association*]{}, 2012, [*10*]{} (6), 1263–1293.",
"\n\n, “Choosing to Grow a Graph: Modeling Network Formation as Discrete Choice,” [*arXiv preprint arXiv:1811.05008*]{}, 2018.",
"\n\n, [*Random Geometric Graphs*]{}, Oxford University Press, 2003.",
"\n\n, “Gaussian Limits for Random Geometric Measures,” [ *Electronic Journal of Probability*]{}, 2007, [*12*]{}, 989–1035.",
"\n\n, “Central Limit Theorems for Some Graphs in Computational Geometry,” [*Annals of Applied Probability*]{}, 2001, [*11*]{} (4), 1005–1041.",
"\n\n, “Weak Laws of Large Numbers in Geometric Probability,” [*Annals of Applied Probability*]{}, 2003, pp.",
" 277–303.",
"\n\n, “Normal Approximation in Geometric Probability,” [*Stein’s Method and Applications, Lecture Note Series, Institute for Mathematical Sciences, National University of Singapore*]{}, 2005, [*5*]{}, 37–58.",
"\n\n, “Network Dynamics and Field Evolution: The Growth of Interorganizational Collaboration in the Life Sciences,” [*American Journal of Sociology*]{}, 2005, [*110*]{} (4), 1132–1205.",
"\n\n, “Estimation of Large Network Formation Games,” [*working paper*]{}, 2016.",
"\n\n, “A Practical Two-Step Method for Testing Moment Inequalities,” [*Econometrica*]{}, 2014, [*82*]{} (5), 1979–2002.",
"\n\n, [*Stochastic and integral geometry*]{}, Springer Science & Business Media, 2008.",
"\n\n, “Homophily and Contagion Are Generically Confounded in Observational Social Network Studies,” [*Sociological methods & Research*]{}, 2011, [*40*]{} (2), 211–239.",
"\n\n, “Identification and Estimation of Network Formation Games,” [*working paper*]{}, 2014.",
"\n\n, “Asymptotics for the Size of the Largest Component Scaled to “$\\log n$” in Inhomogeneous Random Graphs,” [*Arkiv főr Matematik*]{}, 2012, [*51*]{} (2), 371–403.",
"\n\n, “Strategic Network Formation and Performance in the Venture Capital Industry,” [*working paper*]{}, 2012.",
"\n\n, “Limit Theorems in Discrete Stochastic Geometry,” in “Stochastic Geometry, Spatial Statistics and Random Fields,” Springer, 2013, pp.",
" 239–275.",
"\n\n[^1]: Department of Economics, University of Southern California. ",
"E-mail: leungm@usc.edu.",
"\n\n[^2]: Department of Economics, University of Southern California. ",
"E-mail: moonr@usc.edu.",
"\n\n[^3]: We thank seminar audiences at OSU, UBC, UC Berkeley, Yale, the Turing workshop on the Statistics of Network Analysis, and the 2018 Shanghai Workshop of Econometrics. ",
"Leung and Moon gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation under grants SES-1755100 and SES-1625586, respectively.",
"\n"
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"Physicians' perspectives on caring for patients in the United States, Canada, and West Germany.",
"\nThe United States is considering enacting a national health plan and global health care budget similar to those in other countries. ",
"There are few data on the effects of such policies on physicians and patients. ",
"We conducted a telephone survey of 602 physicians in the United States, 507 physicians in Canada, and 519 physicians in the former West Germany from February through May 1991; the response rates were 44 percent, 49 percent, and 41 percent, respectively. ",
"Among other topics, the questionnaire included measures of satisfaction with the health care system and with medical practice. ",
"In the United States, 23 percent of the physicians surveyed thought the health care system worked well, as compared with 33 percent in Canada and 48 percent in West Germany. ",
"Seventy-three percent of U.S. physicians reported that patients' inability to afford necessary treatment was a serious problem, as compared with 25 percent in Canada and 15 percent in West Germany. ",
"Seventy-seven percent of West Germany physicians, 56 percent of Canadian physicians, and 54 percent of U.S. physicians said the shortage of competent nurses was a serious problem. ",
"In Canada, 50 percent of the respondents cited the lack of well-equipped medical facilities as a problem, as compared with 14 percent in the United States and 20 percent in West Germany. ",
"Programs of universal coverage and cost containment necessitate important trade-offs. ",
"In Canada and West Germany, physicians do not report serious problems of access to care for the poor and uninsured. ",
"In the United States, doctors do not face the limited access to sophisticated forms of medical technology that was reported in Canada or the diminished quality of some services reported in West Germany."
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[
"Henry RR, Müller‐Wieland D, Taub PR, et al. ",
"Effect of alirocumab on lipids and lipoproteins in individuals with metabolic syndrome without diabetes: Pooled data from 10 phase 3 trials. ",
"Diabetes Obes Metab. ",
"2018;20:1632--1641. ",
"<https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13273> 29493859\n\n**Funding information** This analysis was funded by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.\n\n1. ",
"INTRODUCTION {#dom13273-sec-0005}\n===============\n\nMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by a collection of related metabolic and physiological abnormalities, including central obesity, raised serum triglycerides (TGs), reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), glucose intolerance and hypertension.[1](#dom13273-bib-0001){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [2](#dom13273-bib-0002){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [3](#dom13273-bib-0003){ref-type=\"ref\"} MetS has been defined as the presence of 3 or more of the following: elevated waist circumference (which is assumed in the guidelines if body mass index \\[BMI\\] is \\>30 kg/m^2^); TGs ≥150 mg/dL or use of TG‐lowering medication; HDL‐C \\<40 mg/dL in men or \\<50 mg/dL in women; blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg or diagnosis of hypertension; and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥100 mg/dL.[1](#dom13273-bib-0001){ref-type=\"ref\"} MetS is a common syndrome with a rising prevalence worldwide, ranging from approximately 10% to 80% depending on regional variation and population demographics.[1](#dom13273-bib-0001){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [2](#dom13273-bib-0002){ref-type=\"ref\"} MetS is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease (2‐fold), type 2 diabetes mellitus (5‐fold) and all‐cause mortality (1.5‐fold).[1](#dom13273-bib-0001){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [4](#dom13273-bib-0004){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [5](#dom13273-bib-0005){ref-type=\"ref\"} However, multivariate analyses have shown that components typically associated with MetS (blood pressure, HDL‐C and blood glucose), but not MetS itself, are predictors of prevalent coronary heart disease.[6](#dom13273-bib-0006){ref-type=\"ref\"}\n\nWhile statins are recommended as first‐line therapy for reducing levels of LDL‐C, not all patients achieve LDL‐C lowering with statin therapy sufficient to optimally reduce their CV risk. ",
"Additionally, statin intolerance can limit dosage and potency of the statin used, which is a significant factor in the reduced efficacy of statin therapy for some patients.[7](#dom13273-bib-0007){ref-type=\"ref\"} In particular, patients with MetS may not achieve non‐HDL‐C goals following treatment with statins and other lipid‐lowering therapies (LLTs)[8](#dom13273-bib-0008){ref-type=\"ref\"} due to elevated TG levels, which are indicators of very‐low‐density lipoprotein and remnant cholesterol levels.[9](#dom13273-bib-0009){ref-type=\"ref\"} Individuals with MetS typically exhibit mixed dyslipidaemia, characterised by elevated TGs and lower HDL‐C, both of which are often associated with elevated apolipoprotein (Apo) B and non‐HDL‐C levels. ",
"In such cases, non‐HDL‐C or ApoB may give a better estimate of the concentration of atherogenic particles than low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and they have been suggested as alternative treatment targets to LDL‐C for such individuals.[4](#dom13273-bib-0004){ref-type=\"ref\"}\n\nAlirocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor, has been approved in more than 40 countries, including the USA and the EU, for reducing elevated LDL‐C levels.[10](#dom13273-bib-0010){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [11](#dom13273-bib-0011){ref-type=\"ref\"} Individuals with metabolic syndrome have a range of clinical and metabolic characteristics that may impact the efficacy and/or safety of a PCSK9 inhibitor, including obesity, high triglycerides/low HDL‐C, high blood glucose and insulin resistance. ",
"For example, PCSK9 appears to have a role in glucose metabolism and PCSK9 levels have been shown to correlate with glycaemic parameters and insulin resistance, although evidence is conflicting among different studies.[12](#dom13273-bib-0012){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [13](#dom13273-bib-0013){ref-type=\"ref\"} Insulin signalling, which is known to influence LDL‐receptor expression (the target of PCSK9), is often dysregulated in metabolic syndrome.[14](#dom13273-bib-0014){ref-type=\"ref\"} However, the use of PCSK9 inhibitors in individuals with metabolic syndrome is not well established. ",
"In the present study, we compared the efficacy and safety of alirocumab in patients with hypercholesterolaemia, with or without MetS, using data from 10 studies from the alirocumab ODYSSEY phase 3 clinical trial programme. ",
"This analysis contributes to a better understanding of the alirocumab target patient population.",
"\n\n2. ",
"METHODS {#dom13273-sec-0006}\n==========\n\n2.1. ",
"Study designs and pooling strategy {#dom13273-sec-0007}\n---------------------------------------\n\nThis analysis includes data from 10 phase 3 ODYSSEY studies (Figure [1](#dom13273-fig-0001){ref-type=\"fig\"}), all of which have been described previously.[15](#dom13273-bib-0015){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [16](#dom13273-bib-0016){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [17](#dom13273-bib-0017){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [18](#dom13273-bib-0018){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [19](#dom13273-bib-0019){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [20](#dom13273-bib-0020){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [21](#dom13273-bib-0021){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [22](#dom13273-bib-0022){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [23](#dom13273-bib-0023){ref-type=\"ref\"} Patients (n = 4983) were randomized to receive alirocumab or control (placebo or ezetimibe). ",
"In 8 of the 10 trials, patients were receiving background statin therapy, with or without other LLTs. ",
"The double‐blind treatment periods ranged between 24 and 104 weeks. ",
"In 8 studies, patients received an initial dose of alirocumab 75 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W), with a possible dose increase to 150 mg Q2W at Week 12, depending on LDL‐C levels at Week 8 (alirocumab 75/150 mg Q2W); 2 studies used alirocumab 150 mg Q2W throughout the study. ",
"Entry criteria for the ODYSSEY trials included baseline LDL‐C ≥70 mg/dL for those with prior CV events or ≥100 mg/dL for those without CV events but with other risk factors. ",
"Exceptions were the LONG TERM study (LDL‐C ≥70 mg/dL for all patients[19](#dom13273-bib-0019){ref-type=\"ref\"}), the MONO study (LDL‐C 100‐190 mg/dL for all patients[21](#dom13273-bib-0021){ref-type=\"ref\"}) and the HIGH FH study (LDL‐C ≥160 mg/dL for all patients[23](#dom13273-bib-0023){ref-type=\"ref\"}). ",
"All study protocols were approved by the appropriate review boards, and all patients provided written, informed consent.",
"\n\n{#dom13273-fig-0001}\n\nFor the current analysis, efficacy data were analysed in 4 pools according to alirocumab starting dose, control (placebo or ezetimibe) and use of background statin therapy (yes/no), as shown in Figure [1](#dom13273-fig-0001){ref-type=\"fig\"}. ",
"In the first pool (LONG TERM,[19](#dom13273-bib-0019){ref-type=\"ref\"} HIGH FH[23](#dom13273-bib-0023){ref-type=\"ref\"}), patients received alirocumab 150 mg Q2W vs placebo (with statins); in the second (COMBO I,[18](#dom13273-bib-0018){ref-type=\"ref\"} FH I & II[15](#dom13273-bib-0015){ref-type=\"ref\"}), alirocumab 75/150 mg Q2W vs placebo (with statins); in the third (COMBO II,[17](#dom13273-bib-0017){ref-type=\"ref\"} OPTIONS I & II[16](#dom13273-bib-0016){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [20](#dom13273-bib-0020){ref-type=\"ref\"}), alirocumab 75/150 mg Q2W vs ezetimibe (with statins); and in the fourth (ALTERNATIVE,[22](#dom13273-bib-0022){ref-type=\"ref\"} MONO[21](#dom13273-bib-0021){ref-type=\"ref\"}), alirocumab 75/150 mg Q2W vs ezetimibe (without statins).",
"\n\nPatient baseline characteristics and safety and efficacy data were further analysed in subgroups, with and without MetS. MetS was defined in this analysis of the ODYSSEY trials using a definition similar to that proposed by the International Atherosclerosis Society,[24](#dom13273-bib-0024){ref-type=\"ref\"} with 2 important differences. ",
"Firstly, waist circumference measurements were not performed in the alirocumab phase 3 program; instead, we used BMI as a proxy, as has been done previously.[25](#dom13273-bib-0025){ref-type=\"ref\"} Second, although 1 of the criteria for the International Atherosclerosis Society definition was FPG ≥100 mg/dL, which would include individuals with type 2 diabetes, we introduced a cut‐off of 126 mg/dL for FPG so that individuals with type 2 diabetes would be excluded. ",
"This was to allow examination of the specific metabolic syndrome population known to be at risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. ",
"In this analysis, metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of 3 or more of the following: BMI \\>30 kg/m^2^ for non‐Asians or \\>25 kg/m^2^ for Asians; TGs ≥150 mg/dL or use of TG‐lowering medication (which in this analysis included fibrates); HDL‐C \\<40 mg/dL in men or \\<50 mg/dL in women; blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg or diagnosis of hypertension; and FPG ≥100 to \\<126 mg/dL. Patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were excluded from the analysis (type 2 diabetes was defined based on medical history, or baseline glycated haemoglobin \\[HbA1c\\] ≥6.5%, or 2 FPG values ≥126 mg/dL at screening and randomization). ",
"All other patients (ie, those who did not have MetS or diabetes) were defined as non‐MetS for this analysis.",
"\n\n2.2. ",
"Endpoints {#dom13273-sec-0008}\n--------------\n\nThe current pooled analysis uses the same efficacy endpoints as the primary studies. ",
"The primary efficacy endpoint in all studies was the percentage change in LDL‐C from baseline to Week 24. ",
"LDL‐C levels were calculated using the Friedewald equation if TGs were \\<400 mg/dL; in instances above this threshold, LDL‐C was determined using the beta‐quantification method. ",
"Regardless, LDL‐C values derived by beta‐quantification were not included in the efficacy analysis. ",
"Secondary efficacy endpoints included the percentage change from baseline to Week 24 in other lipids, including non‐HDL‐C, ApoB, lipoprotein (a) (Lp\\[a\\]), TGs, HDL‐C and TG‐rich lipoprotein cholesterol (TRL‐C). ",
"Non‐HDL‐C was calculated by subtracting HDL‐C from total cholesterol. ",
"The concentration of TRL‐C was calculated by subtracting HDL‐C and calculated LDL‐C from total cholesterol, following the method of Nordestgaard et al.[26](#dom13273-bib-0026){ref-type=\"ref\"} Lp(a) and ApoB levels in serum were measured from immunonephelometry by a central laboratory (Medpace Reference Laboratories, Cincinnati, Ohio and Leuven, Belgium, with the exception of the LONG TERM study,[19](#dom13273-bib-0019){ref-type=\"ref\"} which used Covance Central Laboratory, Indianapolis, Indiana). ",
"Safety assessments included treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), defined as events occurring from the time of the first dose of study treatment to the last dose, plus 70 days. ",
"The change over time in glycaemic parameters (HbA1c and FPG) was also assessed.",
"\n\n2.3. ",
"Statistical analysis {#dom13273-sec-0009}\n-------------------------\n\nEfficacy data were analysed using an intention‐to‐treat approach, as used in the primary trials, where all data were included regardless of adherence to treatment. ",
"The intention‐to‐treat population included all randomized participants with an evaluable primary efficacy endpoint (baseline calculated LDL‐C value and at least 1 post‐baseline calculated LDL‐C value up to Week 24). ",
"For most parameters, a mixed effects model with repeated measures (MMRM) was used to account for missing data. ",
"Least squares means and standard errors (SE) were taken from the MMRM analysis. ",
"For analysis of TGs and Lp(a), adjusted means and SEs were taken from multiple imputation followed by robust regression. ",
"Interaction *P* values were calculated using the same model as above for comparing the difference (between alirocumab and control) in percent change for lipid endpoints observed in both MetS and non‐MetS patients. ",
"The proportion of patients achieving lipid goals was estimated from multiple imputation using only lipid data from patients who were on‐treatment.",
"\n\n3. ",
"RESULTS {#dom13273-sec-0010}\n==========\n\n3.1. ",
"Patient characteristics {#dom13273-sec-0011}\n----------------------------\n\nThe randomized population for this analysis included 3341 patients (1940 with MetS; 1401 non‐MetS); 1642 randomized individuals with diabetes were excluded. ",
"Baseline characteristics according to alirocumab starting dose, control type and MetS status for each of the 4 pools are shown in Table [1](#dom13273-tbl-0001){ref-type=\"table\"} and online in Table [S1](#dom13273-supitem-0001){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}. ",
"Patients had a mean age of 50 to 63 years across the groups; there was a greater proportion of males than females; and patients were mostly white (\\>85%). ",
"As per the selection criteria for this analysis, MetS patient groups had higher BMI, higher systolic blood pressure, a higher percentage of individuals with hypertension, higher FPG levels, lower levels of HDL‐C, and higher levels of TGs compared to groups without MetS, for both placebo‐ and ezetimibe‐controlled studies (Table [1](#dom13273-tbl-0001){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"A higher proportion of patients with MetS were receiving other LLTs in addition to statin (Table [S1](#dom13273-supitem-0001){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}). ",
"Demographic and baseline characteristics were generally comparable between the alirocumab and control groups for each pool according to MetS status. ",
"However, for the ezetimibe‐controlled studies, patients without MetS who received alirocumab in the 75/150 mg Q2W (with statins) pool were more likely to have hypertension (57.8% vs 46.0%) and atherosclerotic CV disease (90.4% vs 82.0%) than those in the control group; patients without MetS who received alirocumab in the 75/150 mg Q2W (without statins) pool were more likely to have atherosclerotic CV disease (23.2% vs 15.7%) and less likely to be receiving other LLTs (10.0% vs 21.4%).",
"\n\n###### \n\nPatient baseline characteristics and baseline lipids (randomized population)\n\n ALI 150 vs PBO (with statins) ALI 75/150 vs PBO (with statins) ALI 75/150 vs EZE (with statins) ALI 75/150 vs EZE (without statins) \n ----------------------------------------------------- ---------- ------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ------------------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------\n Group, n MetS 599 334 294 137 254 168 75 79\n Non‐MetS 429 184 261 131 166 100 60 70\n Age, years, mean (SD) MetS 59.5 (10.5) 60.4 (9.9) 56.7 (12.2) 55.2 (13.1) 61.3 (9.5) 61.9 (9.8) 62.6 (8.2) 63.2 (8.3)\n Non‐MetS 58.3 (12.1) 58.6 (12.2) 50.6 (13.6) 52.6 (12.5) 60.7 (9.7) 60.3 (11.2) 61.8 (7.3) 59.9 (10.5)\n Male, % (n) MetS 65.8 (394) 66.2 (221) 60.9 (179) 64.2 (88) 74.0 (188) 70.2 (118) 58.7 (44) 54.4 (43)\n Non‐MetS 64.3 (276) 62.5 (115) 52.5 (137) 58.8 (77) 74.1 (123) 70.0 (70) 51.7 (31) 50.0 (35)\n Race, white, % (n) MetS 96.2 (576) 96.4 (322) 94.9 (279) 91.2 (125) 85.4 (217) 91.7 (154) 94.7 (71) 87.3 (69)\n Non‐MetS 97.9 (420) 96.7 (178) 93.5 (244) 94.7 (124) 90.4 (150) 88.0 (88) 95.0 (57) 98.6 (69)\n BMI, kg/m^2^, mean (SD) MetS 30.8 (5.3) 30.6 (4.7) 31.0 (4.4) 30.9 (5.8) 31.1 (5.2) 30.7 (5.0) 30.7 (5.1) 30.3 (5.4)\n Non‐MetS 26.6 (3.7) 26.5 (3.5) 26.9 (4.0) 27.0 (4.0) 26.3 (3.2) 26.8 (3.5) 25.4 (3.3) 25.1 (3.0)\n SBP, mm Hg, mean (SD) MetS 135.2 (15.7) 135.2 (13.8) 131.5 (13.7) 129.3 (12.5) 132.3 (14.0) 131.9 (11.8) 131.5 (12.6) 130.4 (12.9)\n Non‐MetS 124.7 (15.1) 125.5 (15.1) 121.3 (12.9) 122.4 (14.2) 124.7 (14.1) 121.9 (12.9) 123.3 (13.4) 124.4 (13.3)\n HbA1c, %, mean (SD) MetS 5.7 (0.4) 5.6 (0.3) 5.7 (0.4) 5.6 (0.3) 5.7 (0.3) 5.7 (0.4) 5.7 (0.3) 5.6 (0.4)\n Non‐MetS 5.6 (0.3) 5.6 (0.3) 5.5 (0.3) 5.5 (0.3) 5.6 (0.3) 5.6 (0.3) 5.5 (0.3) 5.5 (0.3)\n FPG, mg/dL, mean (SD) MetS 101.3 (11.5) 100.0 (11.9) 101.1 (12.3) 100.4 (10.0) 104.2 (11.4) 101.7 (11.8) 101.7 (15.4) 98.6 (10.2)\n Non‐MetS 93.6 (9.7) 94.0 (10.8) 92.4 (9.3) 93.3 (12.0) 97.8 (15.2) 96.9 (14.6) 93.9 (11.7) 93.0 (8.5)\n Hypertension, % (n) MetS 80.3 (481) 82.9 (277) 67.3 (198) 65.0 (89) 83.1 (211) 88.1 (148) 72.0 (54) 72.2 (57)\n Non‐MetS 37.8 (162) 39.7 (73) 21.8 (57) 22.9 (30) 57.8 (96) 46.0 (46) 20.0 (12) 18.6 (13)\n ASCVD,[a](#dom13273-note-0003){ref-type=\"fn\"} % (n) MetS 85.8 (514) 88.3 (295) 61.6 (181) 66.4 (91) 91.3 (232) 89.9 (151) 44.0 (33) 43.0 (34)\n Non‐MetS 76.5 (328) 77.2 (142) 42.9 (112) 39.7 (52) 90.4 (150) 82.0 (82) 23.3 (14) 15.7 (11)\n Very high cardiovascular risk, % (n) MetS 87.5 (524) 91.3 (305) 63.6 (187) 69.3 (95) 92.5 (235) 90.5 (152) 44.0 (33) 45.6 (36)\n Non‐MetS 78.8 (338) 78.3 (144) 44.4 (116) 41.2 (54) 91.0 (151) 82.0 (82) 25.0 (15) 15.7 (11)\n LDL‐C, mg/dL, mean (SD) MetS 129.9 (50.6) 128.9 (47.7) 132.6 (48.7) 134.0 (48.6) 111.9 (37.5) 106.1 (38.2) 184.5 (69.3) 174.2 (58.4)\n Non‐MetS 131.9 (48.3) 129.4 (46.1) 132.9 (47.0) 131.6 (40.3) 109.7 (38.4) 110.3 (42.8) 177.6 (73.0) 182.7 (75.3)\n HDL‐C, mg/dL, mean (SD) MetS 47.7 (11.5) 48.3 (12.2) 47.8 (14.9) 46.4 (13.7) 46.7 (13.1) 47.3 (12.6) 46.9 (13.0) 47.3 (10.1)\n Non‐MetS 55.2 (13.2) 54.9 (11.2) 56.4 (15.6) 55.5 (15.0) 55.0 (12.6) 53.9 (13.5) 60.1 (17.0) 61.9 (18.8)\n TGs, mg/dL, median (Q1:Q3) MetS 145.1 (108.8:198.0) 154.0 (108.8:197.3) 141.0 (97.0:196.0) 134.5 (101.0:174.0) 148.5 (109.0:200.0) 154.5 (112.5:207.0) 174.0 (135.0:235.0) 163.0 (115.0:225.0)\n Non‐MetS 93.8 (75.0:126.5) 99.1 (73.7:124.9) 93.0 (72.0:121.0) 90.0 (72.0:109.0) 98.0 (76.0:127.0) 96.5 (78.0:118.5) 100.0 (74.5:120.5) 93.0 (77.0:128.0)\n TGs in patients on non‐statin LLTs MetS 130.5 (96.0: 177.9) 145.1 (95.0: 196.0) 125.0 (93.5: 180.5) 123.0 (97.0: 170.0) 131.0 (106.0: 208.0) 142.0 (95.0: 191.5) 207.0 (132.0: 240.0) 197.0 (120.0: 232.5)\n Non‐MetS 88.0 (72.0: 111.5) 94.7 (67.7: 126.5) 89.0 (70.0: 109.0) 90.0 (70.5: 104.5) 89.0 (79.5: 106.0) 111.0 (107.0: 113.0) 122.0 (105.0: 125.0) 108.0 (83.0: 129.0)\n TGs in patients not on non‐statin LLTs MetS 153.1 (115.9: 205.0) 158.0 (115.9: 199.0) 170.5 (118.0: 211.0) 147.0 (113.0: 198.0) 153.0 (110.0: 199.0) 159.0 (115.0: 218.5) 172.5 (153.0: 233.0) 159.0 (112.0: 218.0)\n Non‐MetS 95.6 (75.0: 131.0) 99.1 (78.8: 124.4) 95.0 (72.0: 126.0) 91.0 (73.0: 120.0) 99.0 (76.0: 129.0) 96.0 (78.0: 120.0) 95.0 (74.0: 119.0) 91.0 (73.0: 128.0)\n\nAbbreviations: ALI, alirocumab; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; EZE, ezetimibe; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LLTs, lipid‐lowering therapies; MetS, metabolic syndrome; PBO, placebo; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; TGs, triglycerides.",
"\n\nIncluding coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease and ischaemic stroke; transient ischaemic attack, carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stent procedure, and renal artery stent procedure were also included in the definition used for the FH II, ALTERNATIVE and OPTIONS I & II trials.",
"\n\n3.2. ",
"Efficacy {#dom13273-sec-0012}\n-------------\n\nLDL‐C percentage reductions from baseline at Week 24 with alirocumab were 63.9% (MetS) and 56.8% (non‐MetS) in the pool of alirocumab 150 mg Q2W (interaction *P* value \\<.05), 52.2% (MetS) and 45.0% (non‐MetS) in the pool of alirocumab 75/150 mg Q2W vs placebo (interaction *P* value \\>.05), 51.9% (MetS) and 52.6% (non‐MetS) in the pool of alirocumab 75/150 mg Q2W vs ezetimibe (with statins) (interaction *P* value \\>.05), and 42.2% (MetS) and 46.7% (non‐MetS) in the alirocumab 75/150 mg Q2W pool (without statins) (interaction *P* value \\>0.05) (Figure [2](#dom13273-fig-0002){ref-type=\"fig\"}A).",
"\n\n{#dom13273-fig-0002}\n\nAcross the 4 efficacy pools, by Week 24, alirocumab reduced ApoB by 35.0% to 55.1% (MetS) and 35.9% to 51.3% (non‐MetS) (Figure [2](#dom13273-fig-0002){ref-type=\"fig\"}B), and non‐HDL‐C by 38.2% to 54.2% (MetS) and 40.0% to 50.0% (non‐MetS) (Figure [2](#dom13273-fig-0002){ref-type=\"fig\"}C). ",
"ApoB was reduced to a larger extent in the patients with MetS compared with non‐MetS subjects in the alirocumab 75/150 vs placebo pool only at Week 24 (interaction *P* values \\<.05) (Figure [2](#dom13273-fig-0002){ref-type=\"fig\"}B). ",
"For non‐HDL‐C, there was no difference in percent reduction from baseline at Week 24 for those with vs without MetS (Figure [2](#dom13273-fig-0002){ref-type=\"fig\"}C). ",
"Apart from LDL‐C percent reductions in the alirocumab 150 mg Q2W pool (interaction *P* value \\<.05), there were no differences in LDL‐C, ApoB or non‐HDL‐C reductions between MetS and non‐MetS groups at Week 12 (interaction *P* values \\>.05) (Figure [S1](#dom13273-supitem-0001){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}A‐C).",
"\n\nA greater proportion of patients receiving alirocumab achieved LDL‐C and non‐HDL‐C goals compared with controls at Week 24, regardless of MetS status (Tables [S2](#dom13273-supitem-0001){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"} and [S3](#dom13273-supitem-0001){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}).",
"\n\nAcross the pools, by Week 24, TGs were reduced by 7.1% to 15.9% (MetS) and 6.5% to 14.9% (non‐MetS) (Figure [2](#dom13273-fig-0002){ref-type=\"fig\"}D), with similar results observed at Week 12 (Figure [S1](#dom13273-supitem-0001){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}D). ",
"Lp(a) was reduced by 21.3% to 29.5% (MetS) and 22.7% to 28.8% (non‐MetS) at Week 24 (Figure [2](#dom13273-fig-0002){ref-type=\"fig\"}E). ",
"Reductions in each of these parameters were similar regardless of MetS status at Week 24 (interaction *P* values \\>.05).",
"\n\nAt Week 24, the use of other non‐statin LLTs did not influence the percent change from baseline in TG levels observed with alirocumab (Figure [S2](#dom13273-supitem-0001){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}); for patients with MetS, the reduction from baseline was 13.3% to 22.6% (with LLT) vs 6.3% to 19.0% (without LLT) and for non‐MetS subjects, the reduction from baseline was 3.2% to 14.7% (with LLT) vs 0% to 10.0% (without LLT). ",
"Non‐statin LLTs were examined in this analysis because of their potential effects on TG levels.",
"\n\nAn increase in HDL‐C levels of 4.0% to 10.1% was also observed across the 4 pools following alirocumab therapy at Week 24 (Figure [2](#dom13273-fig-0002){ref-type=\"fig\"}F). ",
"HDL‐C was increased to a larger extent in the patients with MetS compared with the non‐MetS subjects in the alirocumab 75/150 mg vs placebo pool only (interaction *P* value \\<.05); however, no significant difference between the MetS and non‐MetS groups was observed at Week 12 (interaction *P* value \\>.05) (Figure S[1](#dom13273-fig-0001){ref-type=\"fig\"}E). ",
"For patients with MetS or non‐MetS subjects, the use of non‐statin LLTs at Week 24 did not influence the percent change from baseline in HDL‐C levels observed with alirocumab (Figure [S3](#dom13273-supitem-0001){ref-type=\"supplementary-material\"}).",
"\n\nAcross the 3 pools with patients on background statin therapy, alirocumab reduced TRL‐C by 2.9% to 12.7% at Week 24, regardless of MetS status (Figure [2](#dom13273-fig-0002){ref-type=\"fig\"}G). ",
"In contrast, for alirocumab‐treated patients in the alirocumab 75/150 vs ezetimibe (without statins) pool, TRL‐C was decreased (−4.8%) in patients with MetS and increased (+1.9%) in subjects without MetS (Figure [2](#dom13273-fig-0002){ref-type=\"fig\"}G).",
"\n\nThe percentage of patients for whom the alirocumab dose was increased from 75 to 150 mg Q2W at Week 12 was 36.1% (MetS) and 32.6% (non‐MetS) in the 75/150 mg vs placebo pool, was 17.7% (MetS) and 15.1% (non‐MetS) in the 75/150 mg vs ezetimibe with statin pool, and was 41.3% (MetS) and 35.0% (non‐MetS) in the 75/150 mg vs ezetimibe without statin pool.",
"\n\n3.3. ",
"Safety of alirocumab with respect to patients by MetS status {#dom13273-sec-0013}\n-----------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTime profiles of mean HbA1c and FPG levels over the treatment period showed that alirocumab had no clinically meaningful effect on these parameters compared to control treatments, for patients both with and without MetS (Figure [3](#dom13273-fig-0003){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"TEAE rates were generally similar across all treatment groups, irrespective of MetS status (Table [2](#dom13273-tbl-0002){ref-type=\"table\"}). ",
"The most common TEAEs were nasopharyngitis, injection‐site reaction, myalgia and upper respiratory tract infection. ",
"Injection‐site reactions occurred more frequently in the alirocumab group vs the control group, for both placebo‐controlled (6.5% vs 6.4% \\[MetS\\] and 11.1% vs 6.1% \\[non‐MetS\\]) and ezetimibe‐controlled (2.7% vs 2.0% \\[MetS\\] and 4.0% vs 1.8% \\[non‐MetS\\]) trials (Table [2](#dom13273-tbl-0002){ref-type=\"table\"}).",
"\n\n{#dom13273-fig-0003}\n\n###### \n\nSafety analysis (safety population)\n\n \\% (n) Placebo‐controlled studies Ezetimibe‐controlled studies \n -------------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ------------------------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------\n TEAEs 77.4 (691) 80.5 (379) 74.8 (514) 75.5 (237) 72.3 (238) 70.4 (174) 69.0 (156) 69.8 (118)\n Treatment‐emergent SAEs 13.7 (122) 13.6 (64) 11.8 (81) 9.9 (31) 12.2 (40) 12.6 (31) 13.7 (31) 8.9 (15)\n TEAEs leading to death 0.3 (3) 0.4 (2) 0.7 (5) 1.3 (4) 0 0.8 (2) 0.4 (1) 1.8 (3)\n TEAEs leading to discontinuations 4.5 (40) 5.3 (25) 4.9 (34) 4.1 (13) 9.7 (32) 8.1 (20) 8.0 (18) 11.2 (19)\n TEAEs by preferred term in ≥5% individuals \n Nasopharyngitis 12.5 (112) 11.0 (52) 11.9 (82) 14.0 (44) 6.4 (21) 4.5 (11) 6.6 (15) 10.1 (17)\n Injection‐site reaction 6.5 (58) 6.4 (30) 11.1 (76) 6.1 (19) 2.7 (9) 2.0 (5) 4.0 (9) 1.8 (3)\n Myalgia 5.5 (49) 3.8 (18) 4.7 (32) 4.8 (15) 8.5 (28) 8.9 (22) 6.6 (15) 7.7 (13)\n Upper respiratory tract infection 5.4 (48) 6.2 (29) 6.3 (43) 7.0 (22) 7.3 (24) 6.9 (17) 4.9 (11) 3.6 (6)\n Influenza 6.9 (62) 4.2 (20) 5.8 (40) 6.4 (20) 3.0 (10) 2.0 (5) 3.5 (8) 2.4 (4)\n Headache 4.6 (41) 5.9 (28) 6.4 (44) 5.7 (18) 5.8 (19) 2.8 (7) 3.5 (8) 4.1 (7)\n Arthralgia 5.3 (47) 5.9 (28) 4.2 (29) 5.7 (18) 4.6 (15) 4.9 (12) 4.9 (11) 3.0 (5)\n Back pain 4.6 (41) 5.9 (28) 4.7 (32) 5.4 (17) 1.8 (6) 3.2 (8) 3.5 (8) 4.7 (8)\n Diarrhoea 5.6 (50) 5.7 (27) 4.9 (34) 1.6 (5) 2.7 (9) 1.6 (4) 4.4 (10) 4.7 (8)\n Dizziness 3.0 (27) 4.9 (23) 2.6 (18) 2.5 (8) 2.7 (9) 5.7 (14) 4.4 (10) 3.0 (5)\n Urinary tract infection 4.8 (43) 3.8 (18) 4.8 (33) 5.1 (16) 2.1 (7) 4.0 (10) 0.9 (2) 2.4 (4)\n\nAbbreviations: ALI, alirocumab; EZE, ezetimibe; PBO, placebo; MetS, metabolic syndrome; SAE, serious adverse event; TEAE, treatment‐emergent adverse event.",
"\n\n4. ",
"DISCUSSION {#dom13273-sec-0014}\n=============\n\nIn this pooled analysis of 10 phase 3 ODYSSEY trials, alirocumab reduced levels of LDL‐C, ApoB, Lp(a), TGs and non‐HDL‐C in patients with hypercholesterolaemia, regardless of MetS status. ",
"These findings are important because more than one‐third of patients in the ODYSSEY trials had MetS (39%). ",
"This analysis demonstrated that the typical characteristics of these patients (mixed dyslipidaemia together with obesity, glucose intolerance and hypertension, most likely with additional concomitant medications) did not seem to have a major impact on the efficacy and safety of alirocumab. ",
"A slightly larger reduction in LDL‐C was observed in individuals with MetS (vs no MetS) following alirocumab treatment in 1 of the study pools; however, as this was not observed in the other pools, it is unclear whether observed differences are real effects or the result of pooling the post‐randomization groups with relatively small numbers of individuals.",
"\n\nThe observed reductions in ApoB and non‐HDL‐C are of particular importance, as they may give a better estimate of the concentration of atherogenic particles than calculated LDL‐C for patients with MetS because of the mixed dyslipidaemia profile.[4](#dom13273-bib-0004){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [24](#dom13273-bib-0024){ref-type=\"ref\"} It is interesting to note that alirocumab can increase the fractional clearance rates of non‐LDL ApoB 100‐containing particles such as intermediate density lipoprotein and, possibly, Lp(a).[27](#dom13273-bib-0027){ref-type=\"ref\"} The moderate reductions in TGs and moderate increases in HDL‐C observed following alirocumab treatment also demonstrate an improvement in the lipid profile.",
"\n\nPatients with MetS had a higher rate of other LLT use, including increased fenofibrate, which is often prescribed to reduce TG levels.[28](#dom13273-bib-0028){ref-type=\"ref\"} However, use of non‐statin LLTs in combination with alirocumab did not affect the moderate reductions in TGs seen with alirocumab treatment. ",
"In addition, the use of non‐statin LLTs did not affect the modest increases in HDL‐C levels observed with alirocumab treatment.",
"\n\nPrevious studies have shown that patients with MetS may not achieve their non‐HDL‐C goal following treatment with statins and other LLTs; in particular, the presence of MetS was shown to be a factor contributing to a greater difference between recommended vs attained non‐HDL‐C levels.[8](#dom13273-bib-0008){ref-type=\"ref\"} In the present analysis, a higher proportion of patients receiving alirocumab achieved both LDL‐C and non‐HDL‐C goals compared with patients receiving placebo or ezetimibe, irrespective of MetS status.",
"\n\nWith regards to safety, MetS status did not affect the incidence of TEAEs, with similar rates observed between the alirocumab and control groups. ",
"In this analysis, HbA1c and FPG levels were found to be unaffected by alirocumab in individuals both with and without MetS. Some studies have suggested that statin therapy is associated with an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes.[29](#dom13273-bib-0029){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [30](#dom13273-bib-0030){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [31](#dom13273-bib-0031){ref-type=\"ref\"} In addition, a Mendelian randomization study found that *PCSK9* and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (*HMGCR*, the target of statin therapy) genetic variants associated with lower LDL‐C were correlated with a reduced risk of CV events but also an increased risk of diabetes.[32](#dom13273-bib-0032){ref-type=\"ref\"} However, the authors emphasize that as PCSK9 antibodies bind extracellular PCSK9, their biological effects may not be the same as those observed with *PCSK9* genetic variants which lower LDL‐C levels over the course of a lifetime.[32](#dom13273-bib-0032){ref-type=\"ref\"} Furthermore, a pooled analysis of 10 ODYSSEY phase 3 studies, with follow‐up periods of between 24 and 104 weeks, indicated that there was no evidence of an effect of alirocumab on the transition to new‐onset diabetes in those individuals without diabetes or with pre‐diabetes at baseline.[33](#dom13273-bib-0033){ref-type=\"ref\"} Also of note, subgroup analyses of ODYSSEY trials have shown no effect of diabetes on the efficacy of alirocumab in terms of LDL‐C reduction from baseline up to Week 104.[19](#dom13273-bib-0019){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [34](#dom13273-bib-0034){ref-type=\"ref\"} Similarly, no effect of pre‐diabetes on the efficacy and safety of alirocumab was observed.[35](#dom13273-bib-0035){ref-type=\"ref\"} Lastly, a prespecified analysis of the FOURIER clinical outcomes study with another PCSK9 inhibitor, evolocumab, showed no effect of diabetic status on efficacy and safety with follow‐up to 2.2 years, and no effect of evolocumab on the incidence of new‐onset diabetes.[36](#dom13273-bib-0036){ref-type=\"ref\"}\n\nLimitations of this analysis include the relatively short treatment periods of the ODYSSEY trials and the small number of patients in some subgroups. ",
"Waist circumference, a usual parameter for assessing obesity/MetS, was not measured in the trials. ",
"In addition, the analysis was performed on post‐randomization groups, and some differences in baseline characteristics between the resulting alirocumab and control subgroups were noted. ",
"In order to provide sufficient numbers of patients for analysis, data were pooled from studies including patients with different clinical characteristics (eg, heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia,[15](#dom13273-bib-0015){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [23](#dom13273-bib-0023){ref-type=\"ref\"} non‐familial hypercholesterolaemia with prior cardiovascular disease or other risk factors,[17](#dom13273-bib-0017){ref-type=\"ref\"}, [18](#dom13273-bib-0018){ref-type=\"ref\"} or statin intolerance[22](#dom13273-bib-0022){ref-type=\"ref\"}), which may limit interpretation of results.",
"\n\nIn summary, this pooled analysis showed that alirocumab produced significant reductions in both LDL‐C and non‐HDL‐C, of similar magnitudes in individuals both with and without MetS, and was generally well tolerated, with no apparent effect on measures of glycaemic control.",
"\n\nSupporting information\n======================\n\n###### \n\n**Table S1.** ",
"Further baseline characteristics (randomized population).",
"\n\n**Table S2.** ",
"Percentage of patients who achieved risk‐based LDL‐C goals^a^ at Week 24 according to MetS status (on‐treatment analysis).",
"\n\n**Table S3.** ",
"Percentage of patients who achieved non‐HDL‐C goal (\\<100 mg/dL) at Week 24 according to MetS status (on‐treatment analysis).",
"\n\n**Figure S1.** ",
"Percent change from baseline in A, calculated LDL‐C; B, ApoB; C, non‐HDL‐C; D, TGs and E, HDL‐C at Week 12: Subgroup analysis according to MetS status at baseline (ITT analysis).",
"\n\n**Figure S2.** ",
"Percent change from baseline in TGs at Week 24 in participants A, with MetS and B, without MetS: Subgroup analysis according to non‐statin LLT status at randomization (ITT analysis).",
"\n\n**Figure S3.** ",
"Percent change from baseline in HDL‐C at Week 24 in participants A, with MetS and B, without MetS: Subgroup analysis according to non‐statin LLT status at randomization (ITT analysis).",
"\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.",
"\n\nThe authors would like to thank the patients, their families, and all investigators involved in the ODYSSEY studies. ",
"In addition, the authors would like to thank Desmond Thompson for providing further statistical analyses. ",
"Catherine Domenger, of Sanofi, reviewed and provided editorial comments on the manuscript. ",
"Medical writing assistance and editorial support, under the direction of the authors, was provided by Rachel Dunn PhD and Rob Campbell PhD, both of Prime (Knutsford, UK) and funded by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. according to Good Publication Practice guidelines (*Link*).",
"\n\nConflict of interest {#dom13273-sec-0016}\n====================\n\nR. R. H. has received research funding from Abbott, AstaMed, Eli Lilly, Hitachi, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi‐Lexicon and Viacyte; and has been a consultant/advisory panel member for Alere, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, Elcelyx, Intarcia, Ionis, Janssen/Johnson & Johnson, Merck and Sanofi‐Aventis. ",
"D. M.‐W. has participated in speakers\\' bureaux for Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Lilly, Sanofi, Merck (MSD), AstraZeneca and Novartis; and has been a consultant/advisory panel member for Sanofi, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck, AstraZeneca and Novartis. ",
"P. R. T. has been a consultant/advisory panel member for Roche; and has participated in speaker\\'s bureaux for Amgen, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Sanofi and Boehringer Ingelheim. ",
"M. B.‐B. and A. L. are employees of/stockholders in Sanofi. ",
"M. J. L. is an employee of/stockholder in Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. H. N. G. has received research funding from Genzyme (Sanofi), Merck, Sanofi/Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Amgen; and has been a consultant/advisory panel member for Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Ionis, Janssen, Kowa, Merck, Novartis, Sanofi/Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Pfizer.",
"\n\nAuthor contributions {#dom13273-sec-0017}\n====================\n\nThe sponsors were involved in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data. ",
"R. R. H., D. M.‐W., P. R. T., M. B.‐B., M. J. L., A. L., and H. N. G. contributed to the data analysis and interpretation of the data, and critically reviewed and edited the manuscript. ",
"In addition, R. R. H., M. B.‐B., M. J. L. and A. L. contributed to the concept or study design; and H. N. G. contributed to the data acquisition. ",
"All authors approved the final version. ",
"The authors had unrestricted access to study data, were responsible for all content and editorial decisions, and received no honoraria related to the development of this publication.",
"\n"
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"Annibale Lippi\n\nAnnibale Lippi (16th century-Rome, after 18 November 1581) was an Italian architect active during the second half of 16th century. ",
"He was son of the sculptor and architect Nanni di Baccio Bigio. ",
"Pupil of Francesco Salviati, his only certain works are the church of Our Lady of Loreto at Spoleto, built around 1572, where he adopts a Vignola style, the churches of Santa Maria a Monte Cavallo and Santa Maria della Pietà a Piazza Colonna, both in Rome. ",
"The Villa Medici in Rome, who used to be assigned to it, is probably due to his father, but he worked there during the construction. ",
"In Rome Lippi restored the Palazzo dei Convertendi at Piazza Scossacavalli in Borgo, when this was bought by Cardinal Francesco Commendone (1523–84), and gave to the building its definitive facade. ",
"In 1578 he appeared among the members of the Accademia dei Virtuosi at Pantheon. ",
"He died after 18 November 1581 when, already ill, wrote his testament, and was buried in the family tomb in Trinità dei Monti in Rome.",
"\n\nNotes\n\nSources\n\nLippi, Annibale\nLippi, Annibale\nLippi, Annibale"
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[
"We may earn a small commission for purchases made through affiliate links in this post. ",
"For more information go to our Privacy Policy.",
"\n\nTell your crafty friends!",
"\n\nHow can you increase your planner productivity? ",
"Being more productive is the key to finishing tasks, meeting your deadlines, and completing goals. ",
"Unfortunately, this can be exactly where people go wrong with all the various distractions that pop up in life.",
"\n\nIf you want to use a planner to improve your productivity, keep reading to learn how this might be the best thing for you. ",
"You can increase your blogging productivity, your product creation productivity, and maybe even get those dishes done!",
"\n\nDo planners increase productivity?",
"\n\nAccording to Brian Tracy, “Every minute you spend planning saves 10 minutes in execution”. ",
"Let’s do some math, shall we?",
"\n\nIf you take 5-10 minutes in the morning (or at night before you go to bed) and plan out your day and the tasks that absolutely need to be done, you will be saving anywhere from 50 to 100 minutes.",
"\n\nWhat could you get done with an extra hour a day? ",
"Or more. ",
"Planning has a domino effect. ",
"Not only are you becoming more productive, you are saving yourself time and wasted steps (or eliminating some busy work, time spend wondering what you should do, or forgetting what it was you had planned).",
"\n\nThose wasted minutes add up. ",
"With a little planning you can be more productive or you can stress less and have some time to relax.",
"\n\nYou can be even more productive if you DIY your planner. ",
"Get what you want so you actually USE it.",
"\n\nTake the Time to Set it Up Properly\n\nYou will hear a lot about how to set up your planner, and the reason is that this is an integral step to using it effectively.",
"\n\nTake the time to see all the pages that are in your planner, write down important dates, events, and appointments, and then decide how you are going to use each of the pages it includes. ",
"Knowing that the main dates and events are already written in your planner will make your planner easier to use (and more efficient which makes you more productive).",
"\n\nFind other printable pages to add when needed, and keep adding to your planner when things in your life change. ",
"This is how you can make the most of it.",
"\n\nUse the Planner for Clear and Concise Goals\n\nInstead of just writing a short list of goals, make them clear and concise. ",
"Be detailed and explain what each goal is, what is expected, and when you will complete the different tasks required.",
"\n\nUse the S.M.A.R.T. method of setting goals, as this really encourages you to think about realistic, achievable goals that will allow you to keep moving forward in your personal and professional life.",
"\n\nIt also helps to think about where you want to be in 5 years. ",
"What steps do you need to accomplish to get there? ",
"Break those down into one-year goals. ",
"What will those goals look like so that you can accomplish your 5-year plan?",
"\n\nThen, break down your yearly goals into monthly plans for each year. ",
"After that, you will break it down into weekly goals for each month.",
"\n\nThis way you can take little steps toward something that seems really big. ",
"Little bites. ",
"Baby steps. ",
"Whatever phrase helps you move in the right direction. ",
"It all helps with increasing your planner productivity.",
"\n\nDon’t Just Set it and Forget it\n\nA big part of using a planner is using it!",
"\n\nIt is not meant to simply be a calendar that you write in once, then don’t check back in again. ",
"You should be using it on a daily basis, even if you are just double-checking the next appointment, or adding a few tasks to your to-do list.",
"\n\nTake full advantage of the planner and all it can offer you. ",
"If it helps, get a smaller planner that fits in your purse or laptop case so that you can carry it with you.",
"\n\nNow that you have it set up and know what you need to track in your planner, you need to make sure that using it becomes a part of your routine.",
"\n\nBusy Work is Killing Your Productivity\n\nFilling in parts of your planner that are not actually pertinent to your life is not making you more productive.",
"\n\nA to-do list to make a to-do list is not productive.",
"\n\nJust because you are “busy” does not mean you are productive. ",
"The items on your list need to produce a result. ",
"They need to be necessary. ",
"Not just time fillers.",
"\n\nDon’t add something to your list just because there is a “time slot” for it. ",
"Make choices that move the needle or that are activities you really need to do.",
"\n\nHow to Add Your Planner to Your Daily Routine\n\nA daily routine is a great way to focus your mind on one thing, get more done, and set yourself up for a productive day. ",
"If you want to use a planner, you can add it to your morning routine, your bedtime routine or even something you check in with a few times each day.",
"\n\nCreate a Regular Routine\n\nStart by figuring out your daily routine and how to add using your planner to that routine.",
"\n\nDo you find that you sit at your kitchen table in the morning with a cup of coffee, and have a few minutes of quiet time? ",
"If so, this is a great time to start a daily routine where you write in the planner, and maybe your journal as well.",
"\n\nIt’s possible that your day needs to be scheduled a little more. ",
"You may need to check your planner once in the morning and then use it during your lunch break at work, or maybe in the evening before bed to mentally prepare for the next day.",
"\n\nThere are no rules here except consistency. ",
"Keep it in an area you know you will see and it and use it. ",
"Attach the habit to something else you use regularly. ",
"Maybe you check your calendar on your phone at certain times during the day. ",
"Use that same schedule to use your planner.",
"\n\nBe Consistent\n\nIf you want to be successful with your planner productivity, you need to stay consistent. ",
"This is why creating a daily routine for using the planner is so vital.",
"\n\nIt adds it to your schedule, it helps you know what to expect during your day, month, and year. ",
"It will help you so that you don’t keep putting things off for the “right time”.",
"\n\nThink of it like any other part of your routine, like taking a shower or cooking a meal. ",
"Write in your planner around the same time every day, and it easily becomes a daily routine.",
"\n\nFit it Into Your Normal Lifestyle\n\nBe realistic about using your planner daily. ",
"You might like the idea of a morning planner and journal session, but if you already struggle getting to work on time, this isn’t realistic.",
"\n\nInstead, think of a time during the day when you do have a spare minute, or where you can move things around in your current routine. ",
"You know your life best, so work with your current lifestyle and schedule.",
"\n\nThis also goes for how cute, pretty, or creative you expect your planner to be. ",
"If it takes you 2 hours each day to color code your planner, that is not increasing your productivity and is not a realistic expectation for your planner.",
"\n\nWhich leads me to my next point…\n\nKeep it Simple\n\nThis probably won’t be the last time you hear this advice – keep it simple! ",
"If you are just starting your own planner and struggling to use it every day, don’t bother trying to turn it into an ordeal.",
"\n\nYou don’t need a bullet journal or a planner with 500 pages just to be effective. ",
"Have 5-10 pages to start with, then when those pages fill up or you get new ideas, gradually add in more to your planner.",
"\n\nIf you have time on a Saturday morning and coloring is one of your hobbies or fun activities then, by all means, be creative in your planner. ",
"Just know that you don’t need to add all of the doodles and fun things to make your planner effective. (",
"or you could buy stickers and color it up with those!)",
"\n\nUse a Planner You Love: The Best Productivity Planners\n\nUsing a planner you absolutely love that works best for you will encourage you to use it. ",
"You will be excited about opening it up every day.",
"\n\nIf you are one of those extra organized people and you are addicted to planners or you have been using them for more than a few years, there is nothing wrong with having more than one for different topics.",
"\n\nThat’s entirely up to you.",
"\n\n(Check out this post for ways to decorate your planner and create bright and fun layouts.)",
"\n\nPlanners for those who need a clear and actionable plan:\n\nLemome Planner Each monthly spread contains an overview of the month and a notes section, remember upcoming plans at-large with the monthly view! ",
"Keep your special dates and dream vacations top of mind for your year. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nGet Stuff Done Want to advance your career, earn more money, improve your health? ",
"This guided journal helps you achieve your goals. ",
"That’s something to smile about. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nYou have your own way of doing things:\n\nSELF Journal by BestSelf 13-week life planner featuring a daily progress tracker to help you outperform your goals, daily gratitude acknowledgment to encourage inner positivity, and a weekly habit tracker to keep the mindset of a champ without a relapse! ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nIndependent, free-thinking, go with the flow:\n\nFreedom Journal The Freedom Journal is an accountability partner that won’t let you fail. ",
"John Lee Dumas has interviewed over 2000 successful Entrepreneurs and has created a unique step-by-step process that will guide you in SETTING and ACCOMPLISHING your #1 goal in 100 days. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nFor those of you who love personalization:\n\nRussell + Hazel Bookcloth Mini 3 Ring Binder Fashion meets function; as beautiful as it is practical, with gold toned hardware, a dry erase interior, a gold foil-stamped spine and a full wrap bookcloth cover. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nIf less is more:\n\nHappy Planner The Happy Planner is an expandable, disc-bound planner system that allows you to set goals & be creative; Design, accessorize & customize to your liking; Add & remove pages—make it yours BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nDay-Timer Starter Set Organizer A timeless classic. ",
"You can get refills for the month, address and phone directories, and lined note pads for keeping track of your to-do list or thoughts. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nDay Timer Daily Planner Refills Refill covers 12 months, January 2020-December 2020. ",
"Keep track of deadlines, special events and more with clear and simple organization. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nFor people who need visual stimulation:\n\nLifeplanner by Erin Condren An 18-month Life Planner that is designed to help you reduce stress, get organized and achieve your goals. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nDay Design Planner Monthly calendar view per two-page spread offers previous and next month reference calendars for long-term planning, and a notes section for important projects; Major holidays listed BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nLegend Planner This planner will help you to figure out what you really want in life, create your personal vision, define and breakdown your short and long-term goals, and incorporate them into each area of your daily life. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nIf you believe in the law of attraction:\n\nThe Law of Attraction Life Planner Helps you become much more productive by teaching you how to focus only on your top priorities and delegate the rest. ",
"So you can achieve more and create more free time, happiness for yourself. ",
"The perfect productivity and time management planner. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nThe Best Journal Ever This planner will help you to figure out what you really want in life, create your personal vision, define and breakdown your short and long-term goals, and incorporate them into each area of your daily life. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nNeeding a little discipline and guidance:\n\nPower Place Lion Non-Dated Personal Daily Planner Keep your priorities in clear view and achieve what matters every day with a day planner designed for high achievers seeking an intentional, fulfilling lifestyle. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nFull Focus Planner A 90-day planner you can plan your year and live out your goals each day like never before. ",
"Keep your priorities in clear view and achieve what matters every day with a planner designed for high achievers seeking an intentional, fulfilling lifestyle. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nFranklin Covey Planners Achieve what matters most with innovative, high quality planners and binders tailored to your personal style. ",
"Our paper planning system guides you to identify values, create successful habits, and track and achieve your goals BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nPassionate about all things planning:\n\nPassion Planner This tool will help you define and breakdown your short and long-term goals and incorporate them into your daily life. ",
"Create the life you’ve always wanted! ",
"Start chasing your passions and achieving your dreams TODAY. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nProductivity Planner The productivity planner is set up in fives. ",
"The five most important tasks of the week, five secondary tasks, and five additional tasks. ",
"Then each day you set out your five tasks for that day and rank them by importance. ",
"At the end of the week you do a review of your accomplishments, what you have learned and what you need to work on. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nTo-Do List Lovers:\n\nClever Fox Planner Pro This planner will help you create a vision for your life, define and breakdown your short and long-term goals in each area of your life, and incorporate these goals into your monthly, weekly, and daily agenda. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nPanda Planner Panda Planner is scientifically designed to make you happier and more productive, based on leading research. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nSmart Planner Includes all 52 weeks and 12 month layouts. ",
"Don’t be fooled, most undated planners out there are only good for a few months – We do not take shortcuts, it\\’s all there, the whole year. ",
"BUY IT ON AMAZON\n\nIf you are starting out and still working on making this a routine then start with one planner until you are comfortable and are using it consistently to increase your planner productivity. ",
"Then add more!",
"\n\nNow That You Have a Planner: Integrate the Building Blocks of Productivity\n\nDesire\n\nHave you ever spent the day being “really busy” and then looked back and realized you didn’t accomplish any of your daily tasks? ",
"We are great at adding items to our to-do lists that make us feel busy.",
"\n\nThey don’t actually make us feel desire though. ",
"We don’t have that burning urge in our soul to actually get that stuff done. ",
"When you can tap into the things that motivate you. ",
"That make your soul vibrate, then you will level up your productivity.",
"\n\nA planner is a distraction. ",
"It is also a way to keep track of those mundane “to-do” items. ",
"As well as the important tasks. ",
"Your productivity planner is a tool that helps you to meet your long-term goals. ",
"Not just your everyday plans.",
"\n\nInfuse a little desire into your plans and you will see in increase in your productivity.",
"\n\nStrategy\n\nNow that we are feeling out our passion and harnessing our desire, we need the organization to accomplish those things we want to do.",
"\n\nYou need to look at the whole picture for this one. ",
"All the nitty gritty details come after we figure out what it is we are striving for.",
"\n\nTake some time to brain dump all of the the things you have in your head that relate to your goal. ",
"You have that burning desire. ",
"When you think about that “one thing” what comes up? ",
"Write it all out.",
"\n\nNow look for patterns, pick out the important tasks. ",
"How can you break those down into steps that you can work on daily? ",
"Which things are a priority and which things are just busywork? ",
"Take all these parts and pieces and put them back together in a way that fits your life and productivity.",
"\n\nFocus\n\nWhat is that ONE THING that you can do right now (or in the next week) that will make everything else easier or not even necessary. ",
"Don’t clutter up your planner with busy, soul-crushing to-do’s.",
"\n\nThis is your focus. ",
"This is where you choose a planner that works as a tool to help you stick to this focus.",
"\n\nA planner is your roadmap to productivity. ",
"New ideas will pop up (we all have that happen…thus the phrase “squirrel brain”). ",
"Find a space in your planner to jot them down.",
"\n\nIf they fit your big picture plan, then you can find a way to integrate them into your planner. ",
"Those ideas that don’t fit, but you want to save for later, they can stay somewhere in the back of your planner.",
"\n\nRhythm\n\nThis is the ebb and flow of your life and routine. ",
"When you finally find this rhythm, things will feel like they have clicked.",
"\n\nYou will be riding that wave of productivity and it will feel effortless. ",
"This awareness comes from finding your ideal patterns and using that in your plans to create a foundation for your productivity.",
"\n\nFinding your rhythm may take time. ",
"You will have to experiment with a few planners first, the best way to find your planner productivity, and the patterns that work best for you and your lifestyle.",
"\n\nCustomize Your Planner with Printable Pages\n\nStarting with a basic planner is great, but for maximum planner productivity, you may need to personalize it a little bit. ",
"You can make it a customized planner with printables that work exactly for what you need.",
"\n\nThis might mean adding pages to track your social media posts, time management pages when you are working on a product, or just additional blank pages when you need to jot down notes or use it as a journal. (",
"this is how I do all of this with my Happy Planner.)",
"\n\nThese types of pages are easy to find. ",
"There are different types on Etsy, in bloggers shops, and all over Pinterest.",
"\n\nHow Can I Make My Planner More Productive?",
"\n\nThe first thing you need to do is find a planner that works best for you. ",
"You cannot find a planner to increase your productivity if you never use it.",
"\n\nIf you skipped to the end, here are some guidelines to help you increase productivity with a planner:\n\nwrite everything down…don’t trust that you will remember it later pick a planner that has room for your schedule and general to-do list use your planner to create monthly and weekly goals make your planner a place for joy and inspiration, not just mundane tasks keep track of your finances, this will help you stress less schedule time to focus on things without distractions (and don’t just make a list to “look” busy). ",
"make time for self-care, family and friends\n\nFinding the right balance is one of the ways you can use your planner to help with productivity. ",
"It is a tool. ",
"Not the magic answer to your motivation.",
"\n\nThere isn’t a planner that fits your style and routine 100%. ",
"But you can customize a planner to fit your needs as close as possible."
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"Q:\n\nHow to use JQuery.noConflict() to fix conflict between JQuery and bootstrap in rails 3.2.12?",
"\n\n$.noConflict() was added to the application.js in rails 3.2.12 main app to solve the conflict between jquery and bootstrap. ",
"However it is not working as expected. ",
"Here is the application.js:\n//= require jquery\n//= require jquery_ujs\n//= require jquery-ui\n//= require_tree .",
"\n//= require bootstrap\n\n$.noConflict();\n\nWhen clicking add_more_contact link on the new customer form, there is an error in firebug:\nReferenceError: add_fields is not defined\n\nadd_fields is a js function defined in application.js:\nfunction add_fields(link, association, content) {\n var new_id = new Date().getTime();\n var regexp = new RegExp(\"new_\" + association, \"g\")\n $(link).parent().before(content.replace(regexp, new_id));\n}\n\nThe calling of add_fields is done through a method in application_controller.rb:\ndef link_to_add_fields(name, f, association)\n new_object = f.object.class.reflect_on_association(association).klass.new\n fields = f.fields_for(association, new_object, :child_index => \"new_#{association}\") do |builder|\n render :partial => association.to_s, :locals => {:f => builder, :i_id => 0} \n end\n link_to_function(name, \"add_fields(this, \\\"#{association}\\\", \\\"#{j fields}\\\")\")\nend\n\nThe code was working before bootstrap. ",
"What's wrong with the use of noConflict()? ",
"Do we need to add noConflict() to /views/layouts/application.html.erb as well? ",
"thanks for help.",
"\nUPDATE:\nHere is the header of new customer page:\n\nA:\n\nThere is no conflict between jquery and bootsrap, contrary, jquery is a requirement for bootstrap to work.",
"\nBut there is conflict between jquery-ui and bootstrap, which has been mitigated by a project at http://addyosmani.github.io/jquery-ui-bootstrap/ .",
"\nAnyway, I think the above code should work without calling noConflict.",
"\n\n"
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"Life-history evolution in Australian snakes: a path analysis.",
"\nI recently attempted to investigate interspecific patterns in ecological traits of Australian snakes using univariate statistical techniques (Shine 1994), but high intercorrelations among variables (especially with mean adult body size) made it difficult to interpret the observed patterns. ",
"In the present paper, I attempt to tease apart causal factors using multivariate (path) analysis on the same data set (103 species, based on dissection of >22000 museum specimens). ",
"Two separate path analyses were conducted: one that treated each species as an independent unit (and thus, ignored phylogeny) and the other based on independent phylogenetic contrasts. ",
"Path coefficients from the two types of analyses were similar in magnitude, and highly correlated with each other, suggesting that most interspecific patterns among traits may reflect functional association rather than phylogenetic conservatism. ",
"Path analysis showed that indirect effects of one variable upon another (i.e., mediated via other traits) were often stronger than direct effects. ",
"Thus, even when two variables appeared to be uncorrelated in the univariate analysis, this apparent lack of relationship sometimes masked strong but conflicting indirect effects. ",
"For example, a tradeoff between clutch size and offspring size tends to mask the direct effect of mean adult body size on clutch size. ",
"Path analysis may also suggest original causal hypotheses. ",
"For example, interspecific allometry of sexual size dimorphism (as seen in Australian snakes, and many other animal groups) may result from a strong effect of another allometrically-tied trait (offspring size) on growth trajectories of females."
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"Personal Health Information Protection Act\n\nThe Personal Health Information Protection Act, (the Act) also known as PHIPA ('pee-hip-ah'), is Ontario legislation established in November 2004. ",
"PHIPA is one of two components of the Health Information Protection Act. ",
"The Health Information Protection Act, also established in 2004, comprises two schedules: PHIPA (Schedule A) and the Quality of Care Information Protection Act (Schedule B). ",
"\n\nPHIPA provides a set of rules for the collection, use and disclosure of personal health information, and includes the following provisions:\n Consent is required for the collection, use and disclosure of personal health information, with few exceptions\n Health information custodians are required to treat all personal health information as confidential and maintain its security\n Individuals have a right to access their personal health information, as well as the right to correct errors\n Individuals have the right to instruct health information custodians not to share their personal health information with others\n Rules are provided for the use of personal health information for fundraising or marketing purposes\n Guidelines are set for the use and disclosure of personal health information for research purposes\n Accountability is ensured by granting an individual the right to complain if they have identified an error in their personal health information\n Remedies are established for breaches of the legislation\n\nHistory \n\n December 17, 2003: The Health Information Protection Act (Bill 31) was introduced \n January 26, 2004: Public hearing at Standing Committee on General Government held in Toronto \n February 2, 2004: Public hearing at Standing Committee on General Government held in Sault Ste. ",
"Marie, Kingston and London \n February 9, 2004: and April 28, 2004 Clause-by-clause consideration of the Bill resulting in various amendments \n May 17, 2004: Bill 31 passed third and final reading with unanimous support in the legislature \n May 20, 2004: Bill 31 received Royal Assent \n July 3 - September 3, 2004: Public consultation on regulations \n November 1, 2004: Schedules A and B of the Health Information Protection Act come into force\n\nApplication \nPHIPA applies to individuals and organizations involved in the delivery of healthcare services. ",
"Under the Act, they are referred to as “health information custodians”.",
"\n\nHealth information custodians\nA health information custodian can be any number of individuals or organizations who have custody or control of personal health information. ",
" Some examples of a health information custodian include:\n Healthcare providers such as doctors, nurses, social workers, dentists, psychologists, paramedics, optometrists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, chiropractors, massage therapists, dieticians, naturopaths and acupuncturists\n Hospitals \n Long-term care homes and homes for special care \n Community Care Access Centres \n Pharmacies \n Medical laboratories \n Local medical officers of health \n Ambulance services \n Community mental health programs \n Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care\n\nAgents of health information custodians\nAn “agent” of a health information custodian includes anyone who is authorized by the health information custodian to do anything on behalf of the custodian with respect to personal health information. ",
"These actions are for the purposes of the health information custodian and not the agent. ",
"\n\nExamples include:\n Employees of the health information custodian\n Persons contracted to provide services to the health information custodian where the person has access to personal health information (e.g. copying or shredding service, records management service)\n Volunteers or students who have any access to personal health information\n\nRole of the Information and Privacy Commissioner\nThe Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario (IPC) is appointed by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario and is independent of the government. ",
"The IPC is responsible for ensuring that health information custodians comply with the Act. ",
"Under PHIPA, the IPC has the power to review and make rulings about complaints. ",
"\n\nWhen the commissioner receives a complaint, a mediator may be appointed to try to solve the problem. ",
"The IPC has various powers to resolve complaints, including the power to order a health information custodian to:\n Change or stop the way information is collected, used or shared\n Provide access to the record of personal health information\n Correct the record of personal health information\n\nContent \nThe Act covers the following subjects relating to personal health information in the province of Ontario:\nSection 1: Interpretation and Application sets out of the purpose of the Act. ",
"It defines key terms used throughout the Act, such as \"health information custodian\" and \"health information agent\".",
"\nSection 2: Practices to Protect Health Information details the required practices for the handling of personal health information and health records. ",
"Accountability of information is also discussed. ",
"\nSection 3: Consent Concerning Personal Health Information discusses consent for the use, collection and disclosure of personal health information. ",
"Capacity to consent and characteristics of substitute decision-making are outlined. ",
"\nSection 4: Collection, Use and Disclosure of Personal Health Information outlines the situations for when personal health information can be used, collected and disclosed, and for what purposes. ",
"\nSection 5: Access to Records of Personal Health Information and Correction summarizes an individual's right of access to their personal health information, and the necessary steps that are taken to correct information within their record if need be. ",
"\nSection 6: Admission and Enforcement details the role of the Commissioner in enforcing the Act. ",
"\nSection 7: General explains the general applications and details of the Act, including non-retaliation, immunity, Crown liability, reliance on assertion, offences and regulations.",
"\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Health law in Canada\nCategory:Ontario provincial legislation\nCategory:2004 in Ontario\nCategory:2004 in Canadian law\nCategory:Medical privacy legislation\nCategory:Privacy legislation in Canada"
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"Juan Castellón Larenas\n\nJuan Castellón Larenas (1843 - September 14, 1919) was a Chilean lawyer who served as foreign minister of Chile (1889–1890, 1892) and justice minister (1891). ",
"He served as a senator (1891–1897, 1909–1915) and deputy (1876–1879, 1882–1891, 1914–1915).",
"\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:1843 births\nCategory:1919 deaths\nCategory:Chilean lawyers\nCategory:Members of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile\nCategory:Foreign ministers of Chile\nCategory:People from Concepción, Chile\nCategory:Members of the Senate of Chile\nCategory:19th-century Chilean lawyers\nCategory:20th-century Chilean lawyers"
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"$7,270.67 for Parking Services equipment/rentals, such as cones, barricades and signs. ",
"The campus and area closure signs are re-usable for other events, such as President Obama's visit last month.",
"\n\n$7,286 for overtime labor costs in facilities management (groundskeeping, locksmiths and other employees). ",
"This includes $699 for the fish emulsion and equipment to apply it to the Norlin Quad.",
"\n\nCU Student Government concert expenditures include:\n\n$84,611 for talent\n\n$35,882.66 for production\n\n$19,526.63 for security\n\n$8,049.65 for facility fee\n\n$3,441.88 for staff\n\n$1,170 for parking\n\n$1,056.93 for miscellaneous expenses\n\n$497.43 for transportation\n\nSource: University of Colorado\n\nThe University of Colorado's administration and student government spent a combined $278,797.52 last month in their unprecedented efforts to curtail the Boulder campus's unofficial 4/20 marijuana smoke-out, officials announced Friday.",
"\n\nThe event, held every April 20, had drawn 10,000 to 12,000 gatherers in past years, and administrators this year took the highly controversial step of closing down the entire campus to outside visitors, and then barring everyone, including students, from Norlin Quad.",
"\n\nCU officials say those efforts, including spending $699 to apply fish-smelling fertilizer on Norlin, largely worked. ",
"On 4/20, a far more modest smoke-out -- which included about 300 people -- was staged on a smaller field on campus.",
"\n\nThe administration spent $124,561.34 and the CU Student Government, which staged a concert featuring Wyclef Jean during 4/20, spent $154,236.18.",
"\n\n\"I view the university's commitment of $124,000 as an investment in the health, safety and conduct of basic academic business on the CU-Boulder campus,\" Chancellor Phil DiStefano said in a statement. \"",
"Our efforts were funded by insurance premium rebates that result from CU-Boulder's reductions in liability and hazard claims, so no tuition dollars were applied to this expense.\"",
"\n\nOver the past five year's, CU's annual insurance refund is, on average, about $550,000, according to Boulder campus spokesman Bronson Hilliard. ",
"This year's refund was $250,000, he said.",
"\n\nOther investments that CU makes with that money include the school's emergency text-messaging system, flood mitigation and the purchase of police equipment.",
"\n\nIn past years, CU has spent roughly $50,000 to $60,000 to manage 4/20, which has contributed to \"reefer madness\" and party school ratings from Princeton Review and Playboy magazine.",
"\n\n\"This number is not surprising,\" Hilliard said of the figure released Friday. \"",
"The idea behind it is that we had to spend more this year to end the event -- for all practical purposes -- and that saves us money in the long haul. ",
"Especially given the fact that the crowd was growing every year.\"",
"\n\nCU officials say they're unsure how long it will take them to entirely shut down the 4/20 celebration, but they plan to continue investing in its end. ",
"A Boulder district judge -- on the eve of 4/20 -- denied an emergency request to block CU from closing its campus to visitors.",
"\n\n\"We consider this a successful operation and appreciate working with the administration, student government and other groups to make sure this was a safe day,\" said Ryan Huff, spokesman for the CU Police Department. \"",
"Eventually, over a number of years, hopefully this event will completely go away.\"",
"\n\nSome CU students, though, are split on whether the university spent its money wisely.",
"\n\nGraduate student Janna Piacenza said it would have been an embarrassment to the university to have a large-scale pot smoke-out precede President Barack Obama's visit to Boulder less than a week later.",
"\n\n\"That said, I think it cost a ridiculous amount of money and that money could have been better used for a variety of investments,\" she said.",
"\n\nCU junior Andrea Wilson said she's not concerned that 4/20 has a negative effect on her degree because the event mostly had drawn outside crowds.",
"\n\n\"I don't think their efforts were super-effective,\" she said. \"",
"There were still people smoking on the lawn outside of Duane Physics.\"",
"\n\nCU graduate student Becca McNeal said that during her undergraduate years, she ditched classes to avoid the 4/20 crowd.",
"\n\n\"4/20 is a useless holiday to partake in,\" she said. \"",
"I am deeply regretful that CU had to pay so much money to end it.\"",
"\n\nThe biggest portion of the administration's cost was the $75,569.37 spent on police enforcement, which included overtime and labor costs for officers from outside agencies. ",
"Additionally, CU paid private Argus security staff $12,579.61.",
"\n\nThe CU Student Government portion was spent to fund a concert by hip-hop artist Jean. ",
"Those funds, controlled by student leaders, came from student fee reserves, so there will be no impact on CU student fee structures next fall as a result of the expenses.",
"\n\nThe free concert, though, drew relatively few students. ",
"While CU officials say 1,200 students entered the 11,000-seat Coors Events Center with their student ID cards, media reports estimated the crowd appeared to be no larger than 300 to 400 people at any given time.",
"\n\nMacIntyre feels Colorado is capable of making run at bowl gameCU BUFFS FALL CAMPWhen: 29 practices beginning Wednesday morning 8:30-11 a.m. Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday practices are open to the media and public next week. ",
"Full Story\n\nIt didn't take long for Denver music observers to notice Plume Varia. ",
"Husband and wife Shon and Cherie Cobbs formed the band only two years ago, but after about a year they started finding themselves on best-of lists and playing the scene's top venues. ",
"Full Story"
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"Here is where we are all free to share the stories that honor our equine friends of past and present. ",
"Tell us your story of Life and Love so that we might all learn something about the dignity and unconditional love our dear companions teach us everyday.",
"\n\nCochise - Forever Loved\n\nRichard Casamento - Tuesday, December 20, 2011\n\nFourteen years ago, my husband, who has excellent taste and a good eye (in women and horses!) ",
"surprised me with a beautiful 8 yr. ",
"old quarter/ Thoroughbred cross, red & white paint. ",
"He named him Cochise. ",
"And it didn't take long to fall in love with him. ",
"Unfortunately, four years later, I lost him to laminitis/founder. ",
"I tried every avenue to save him but it wasn't meant to be.",
"\n\nInitially the vet suggested I not be there when we put him down, but I insisted. ",
"I told him I couldn't let a good friend die alone. ",
"As the vet injected him, Cochise drew in his last breath. ",
"He looked at my husband, then the vet and the last person he saw before he closed those beautiful brown eyes and fell gracefully to the ground, was me. ",
"I believe he knew how much I loved him and did everything in my capacity to save him.",
"\n\nI mourned for many years. ",
"I lamented that we had been robbed of precious time and I was very angry about it. ",
"But I gradually realized what I had been given and decided to appreciate the time together rather than rue the time I felt I was owed. ",
"Whether I had him 4 years, 14 or 28 years, it doesn't matter. ",
"We were given the opportunity to share our lives in an integrated woven tapestry between two living beings of different species. ",
"What matters is that we had each other and I cherish the love today. ",
"Since love is forever, I will have him forever. ",
"I wasn't robbed; I received one of the greatest gifts I could ask for!",
"\n\nSometimes lessons take a while to sink in. ",
"Often they aren't so cut and dried and time isn't the enemy; it becomes our friend. ",
"The message may have arrived in cryptic form and we need to perform a little detective work to fully grasp them. ",
"We may intellectually understand, but it is when we accept our lessons emotionally, that change happens! ",
"It's what we do with the lessons that make the greatest difference."
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"\n\nDunder, the vampire cat. ",
"He's the sweetest, most chill cat we've ever owned.",
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"482 F.3d 910\nJCW INVESTMENTS, INC., ",
"d/b/a Tekky toys, Plaintiff-Appellee,v.NOVELTY, INC., ",
"Defendant-Appellant.",
"\nNo. ",
"05-2498.",
"\nUnited States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.",
"\nArgued February 21, 2006.",
"\nDecided March 20, 2007.",
"\n\nGregory J. Smith (argued), Competition Law Group, Chicago, IL, for Plaintiff-Appellee.",
"\nDaniel J. Lueders (argued), Woodard, Emhardt, Naughton, Moriarty & McNett, Indianapolis, IN, for Defendant-Appellant.",
"\nBefore MANION, WOOD, and EVANS, Circuit Judges.",
"\nWOOD, Circuit Judge.",
"\n\n\n1\nMeet Pull My Finger® Fred. ",
"He is a white, middle-aged, overweight man with black hair and a receding hairline, sitting in an armchair wearing a white tank top and blue pants. ",
"Fred is a plush doll and when one squeezes Fred's extended finger on his right hand, he farts. ",
"He also makes somewhat crude, somewhat funny statements about the bodily noises he emits, such as \"Did somebody step on a duck?\" ",
"or \"Silent but deadly.\" ",
"Fartman could be Fred's twin. ",
"Fartman, also a plush doll, is a white, middle-aged, overweight man with black hair and a receding hairline, sitting in an armchair wearing a white tank top and blue pants. ",
"Fartman (as his name suggests) also farts when one squeezes his extended finger; he too cracks jokes about the bodily function. ",
"Two of Fartman's seven jokes are the same as two of the 10 spoken by Fred. ",
"Needless to say, Tekky Toys, which manufactures Fred, was not happy when Novelty, Inc., began producing Fartman, nor about Novelty's production of a farting Santa doll sold under the name Pull-My-Finger Santa.",
"\n\n\n2\nTekky sued for copyright infringement, trademark infringement, and unfair competition and eventually won on all claims. ",
"The district court awarded $116,000 based on lost profits resulting from the copyright infringement, $125,000 in lost profits attributable to trademark infringement, and $50,000 in punitive damages based on state unfair competition law. ",
"The district court then awarded Tekky $575,099.82 in attorneys' fees. ",
"On appeal, Novelty offers a number of arguments for why it should not be held liable for copyright infringement, argues that Illinois's punitive damages remedy for unfair competition is preempted by federal law, and contends that the attorneys' fees awarded by the district court should have been capped according to Tekky's contingent-fee arrangement with its attorneys. ",
"For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.",
"\n\n\n3\n* Somewhat to our surprise, it turns out that there is a niche market for farting dolls, and it is quite lucrative. ",
"Tekky Toys, an Illinois corporation, designs and sells a whole line of them. ",
"Fred was just the beginning. ",
"Fred's creators, Jamie Wirt and Geoff Bevington, began working on Fred in 1997, and had a finished doll in 1999. ",
"They applied for a copyright registration on Fred as a \"plush toy with sound,\" and received a certificate of copyright on February 5, 2001; later, they assigned the certificate to Tekky. ",
"In the meantime, Tekky sent out its first Fred dolls to distributors in 1999. ",
"By the time this case arose, in addition to Fred, Tekky's line of farting plush toys had expanded to Pull My Finger® Frankie (Fred's blonde, motorcycle-riding cousin), Santa, Freddy Jr., Count Fartula (purple, like the Count on Sesame Street), and Fat Bastard (character licensed from New Line Cinema's \"Austin Powers\" movies), among others. ",
"By March 2004, Tekky had sold more than 400,000 farting dolls.",
"\n\n\n4\nNovelty, a privately held Indiana corporation, is owned by Todd Green, its president. ",
"Green testified in his deposition, \"any time we'd create an item, okay, we try to copy—or try to think of some relevant ideas.\" ",
"Novelty personnel go to trade shows and take pictures of other companies' products, seeking \"ideas\" for their own. ",
"In early 2001, Green visited the Hong Kong showroom of TL Toys, a manufacturer of Tekky's Fred doll, and he spotted Fred. ",
"In his deposition, Green testified that he might have photographed Fred since \"[i]t wouldn't be unusual for us to photograph everything we see.\" ",
"Green admits that his idea for Fartman was based on Fred and that he described his idea to Mary Burkhart, Novelty's art director, who prepared a drawing based on Green's description. ",
"According to Burkhart, Green wanted \"a plush doll that would ... fart and shake.... And make a sound ... a hillbilly-type guy, sitting in a chair that would fart and be activated by actually pulling his finger.\" ",
"Typically, Novelty would assign the job of drawing a new product to an artist, such as Burkhart, and the artist would then take her drawing to Green for his approval. ",
"That was the procedure it followed for Fartman. ",
"Novelty began to manufacture plush farting dolls around October 8, 2001; the first doll it released was the one it called Pull-My-Finger Santa. ",
"Fartman hit the stores one month later, on November 5, 2001.",
"\n\n\n5\nTekky first learned of Fartman in March 2002; three months later it filed this suit. ",
"In September 2002, the district court granted a preliminary injunction, halting Novelty's sales of Fartman and his smaller relative Fartboy. ",
"After the parties filed cross-motions for partial summary judgment, the district court granted Tekky's motion and found that Novelty had infringed Tekky's copyright when it copied Fred in order to create Fartman. ",
"The case then went to trial on several issues: damages for the copyright infringement, liability and damages for trademark infringement, and related state law claims. ",
"The jury found Novelty liable for trademark infringement for using the phrase \"Pull My Finger\" to sell the farting Santa dolls and found that Novelty's conduct was willful and wanton, justifying an award of punitive damages under Illinois's unfair competition law. ",
"The jury awarded $116,000 in damages for the copyright infringement, $125,000 for the trademark infringement, and $50,000 in punitive damages under state unfair competition law. ",
"On post-trial motions, the district court granted Tekky's request for prejudgment interest and ruled that Tekky was entitled to \"its full attorneys' fees.\" ",
"After the filing of Tekky's fee petition and prior to the filing of a notice of appeal, the district court tolled the period for filing a notice of appeal in this case, following the procedure outlined in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 58(c)(2) and Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(a)(4)(A)(iii). ",
"See Wikol ex rel. ",
"Wikol v. Birmingham Public Schools Bd. ",
"of Educ., ",
"360 F.3d 604, 607-08 (6th Cir.2004). ",
"The district court also appointed a special master to deal with the litigation over attorneys' fees, and that special master recommended awarding $596,399.82 to Tekky. ",
"Novelty objected, and the district court ultimately awarded $575,099.82. ",
"Following the award of attorneys' fees, Novelty filed a timely notice of appeal.",
"\n\nII\n\n6\n* We begin with the district court's finding that Novelty violated Tekky's copyright when it created Fartman. ",
"As with any grant of summary judgment, partial or otherwise, we review the district court's decision de novo, viewing the facts in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. ",
"See Valentine v. City of Chicago, 452 F.3d 670, 677 (7th Cir.2006).",
"\n\n\n7\nTo establish copyright infringement, one must prove two elements: \"(1) ownership of a valid copyright, and (2) copying of constituent elements of the work that are original.\" ",
"Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co., Inc., 499 U.S. 340, 361, 111 S.Ct. ",
"1282, 113 L.Ed.2d 358 (1991). ",
"What is required for copyright protection is \"some minimal degree of creativity,\" or \"the existence of ... intellectual production, of thought, and conception.\" ",
"Id. at 362, 111 S.Ct. ",
"1282 (quoting Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony, 111 U.S. 53, 59-60, 4 S.Ct. ",
"279, 28 L.Ed. ",
"349 (1884)). ",
"Generally, copyright protection begins at the moment of creation of \"original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression,\" including \"pictorial, graphic, and sculptural\" works and sound recordings. ",
"17 U.S.C. § 102(a). ",
"A work is \"fixed\" in a tangible medium of expression \"when its embodiment in a copy ... is sufficiently permanent or stable to permit it to be perceived, reproduced, or otherwise communicated for a period of more than transitory duration.\" ",
"17 U.S.C. § 101. ",
"See Toney v. L'Oreal USA, Inc., 406 F.3d 905, 909 (7th Cir.2005). ",
"The owner of a copyright may obtain a certificate of copyright, which is \"prima facie evidence\" of its validity. ",
"17 U.S.C. § 410(c). ",
"See Wildlife Express Corp. v. Carol Wright Sales, Inc., 18 F.3d 502, 507 (7th Cir.1994).",
"\n\n\n8\nOnce it is established that a party has a valid copyright, whether registered or not, the next question is whether another person has copied the protected work. ",
"Copying may be proven by direct evidence, but that is often hard to come by. ",
"In the alternative, copying may be inferred \"where the defendant had access to the copyrighted work and the accused work is substantially similar to the copyrighted work.\" ",
"Susan Wakeen Doll Co., Inc. v. Ashton Drake Galleries, 272 F.3d 441, 450 (7th Cir.2001) (quoting Atari, Inc. v. N. Am. ",
"Philips Consumer Elecs. ",
"Corp., 672 F.2d 607, 614 (7th Cir.1982)). ",
"See also Ty, Inc. v. GMA Accessories, Inc., 132 F.3d 1167, 1169-70 (7th Cir.1997). ",
"It is not essential to prove access, however. ",
"If the \"two works are so similar as to make it highly probable that the later one is a copy of the earlier one, the issue of access need not be addressed separately, since if the later work was a copy its creator must have had access to the original.\" ",
"Ty, Inc., 132 F.3d at 1170. \"",
"The more a work is both like an already copyrighted work and—for this is equally important—unlike anything that is in the public domain, the less likely it is to be an independent creation.\" ",
"Id. at 1169 (emphasis in original). ",
"If the inference of copying is drawn from proof of access and substantial similarity, it can be rebutted if the alleged copier can show that she instead \"independently created\" the allegedly infringing work. ",
"Susan Wakeen Doll Co., 272 F.3d at 450. \"",
"A defendant independently created a work if it created its own work without copying anything or if it copied something other than the plaintiff's copyrighted work.\" ",
"Id. (citing 3 MELVILLE B. NIMMER & DAVID NIMMER, NIMMER ON COPYRIGHT § 12.11[D], at 12-175 (2001)).",
"\n\n\n9\nNovelty contends that the district court protected too much of Tekky's toy—not just the expression but the idea or common elements known as scènes à faire, which we defined in Atari as \"incidents, characters or settings which are as a practical matter indispensable or at least standard, in the treatment of a given topic.\" ",
"672 F.2d at 616. ",
"Novelty also takes issue with the district court's finding that it had access to Fred, that Burkhart copied rather than independently created Fartman, and that Fred and Fartman were substantially similar. ",
"As we explain below, we are unpersuaded. ",
"Tekky had a valid copyright in Fred, Novelty (the company) indisputably did have access to Fred, and the two dolls are so similar that the inference of copying even without access is irresistible.",
"\n\n\n10\nNovelty does not argue that Tekky lacks a valid copyright in Fred or that Fred is so lacking in creativity that a copyright could not attach. ",
"Indeed, Fred is a far cry from a noncreative compilation of facts such as the telephone book in Feist. ",
"Here, we have a creative doll and a valid copyright registration. ",
"There is no doubt that there is a valid copyright. ",
"How much creativity Fred reflects and what ideas he embodies (as opposed to the way he expresses those ideas) merely help us to decide whether we can infer copying from substantial similarity.",
"\n\n\n11\nIt is notable that Green, Novelty's president, admits that he saw and perhaps photographed Fred, and that Fred gave him the idea for Fartman. ",
"While Burkhart denies having seen Fred or even a picture of him, she drew the model for Fartman at Green's direction. ",
"Moreover, Fred was already on the market in the United States at the time Fartman was created. ",
"In Moore v. Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc., 972 F.2d 939, 942 (8th Cir.1992), the Eighth Circuit found that a \"reasonable possibility of access can be established under the `corporate receipt doctrine,'\" under which:\n\n\n12\nif the defendant is a corporation, the fact that one employee of the corporation has possession of plaintiff's work should warrant a finding that another employee (who composed defendant's work) had access to plaintiff's work, where by reason of the physical propinquity between the employees the latter has the opportunity to view the work in the possession of the former.",
"\n\n\n13\nId. (quoting 3 NIMMER ON COPYRIGHT § 13.02[A]). ",
"In this case, Novelty's president saw Fred, directed that the artist draw a figure that looks like Fred, and from that drawing approved the manufacture of Fartman. ",
"On those facts, the corporate receipt doctrine may just be icing on the cake; the fact that Green directed Burkhart as she created the drawing, rather than taking pencil in hand and sketching it himself, is immaterial. ",
"Novelty plainly had access to Fred and used that access in the manufacture of Fartman.",
"\n\n\n14\nEven if access existed, Tekky had to show substantial similarity between the two items in order to support an inference of copying. ",
"The test for substantial similarity is an objective one. ",
"See Incredible Technologies, Inc. v. Virtual Technologies, Inc., 400 F.3d 1007, 1011 (7th Cir. ",
"2005) (noting that we look at \"whether the accused work is so similar to the plaintiff's work that an ordinary reasonable person would conclude that the defendant unlawfully appropriated the plaintiff's protectable expression by taking material of substance and value\"). ",
"We look at the dolls themselves to determine substantial similarity; to give the reader some idea of what the dispute is about, we have attached as an Appendix to this opinion a photograph from the record that depicts Fred, Fartman, and Fartboy. ",
"The pictures show that the similarities between Fred and Fartman go far beyond the fact that both are plush dolls of middle-aged men sitting in armchairs that fart and tell jokes. ",
"Both have crooked smiles that show their teeth, balding heads with a fringe of black hair, a rather large protruding nose, blue pants that are identical colors, and white tank tops. ",
"On the other hand, Fartman has his name emblazoned in red across his chest, his shoes are a different color from Fred's, as is his chair, and Fartman wears a hat. ",
"In the end, despite the small cosmetic differences, the two dolls give off more than a similar air. ",
"The problem is not that both Fred and Fartman have black hair or white tank tops or any other single detail; the problem is that the execution and combination of features on both dolls would lead an objective observer to think they were the same. ",
"See Mattel, Inc. v. Goldberger Doll Mfg. ",
"Co., 365 F.3d 133, 136-37 (2d Cir. ",
"2004). ",
"We conclude that no objective person would find these dolls to be more than minimally distinguishable. ",
"To the contrary, they are substantially similar. ",
"That, in combination with Green's access, compels an inference of copying. ",
"Indeed, the dolls are so similar that an inference of copying could be drawn even without the evidence of access. ",
"See Bucklew v. Hawkins, Ash, Baptie & Co., LLP, 329 F.3d 923, 926 (7th Cir.2003).",
"\n\n\n15\nNovelty contends that rather than copy, it merely made a similar doll based on the same comic archetype, that of \"a typical man wearing jeans and a T-shirt in a chair doing the `pull my finger' joke.\" ",
"That, Novelty argues, is the idea, not the expression, and the reason that the two dolls are similar is they are both based on that idea. ",
"The district court found that Novelty tried to shoehorn too much into the \"idea\" and that the only idea here is that of a \"plush doll that makes a farting sound and articulates jokes when its finger is activated.\" ",
"As the district court put it: Fred—a smiling, black-haired balding Caucasian male, wearing a white tank top and blue pants, reclining in a green armchair, who makes a farting sound, vibrates and utters phrases such as \"Did somebody step on a duck?\" ",
"and \"Silent but deadly\" after the protruding finger on his right hand is pinched—is plaintiff's expression of that idea.",
"\n\n\n16\nIt is, of course, a fundamental tenet of copyright law that the idea is not protected, but the original expression of the idea is. ",
"See Feist, 499 U.S. at 348-49, 111 S.Ct. ",
"1282. ",
"Although it is not always easy to distinguish idea from expression, by the same token the task is not always hard. ",
"Novelty urges that the similarity of the two dolls reflects the fact that Fred himself is only minimally creative, representing a combination of elements that were in the public domain or were scènes à faire. ",
"The problem with this argument is that the very combination of these elements as well as the expression that is Fred himself are creative.",
"\n\n\n17\nNovelty wants us to take the entity that is Fred, subtract each element that it contends is common, and then consider whether Novelty copied whatever leftover components are creative. ",
"But this ignores the fact that the details—such as the appearance of Fred's face or even his chair— represent creative expression. ",
"It is not the idea of a farting, crude man that is protected, but this particular embodiment of that concept. ",
"Novelty could have created another plush doll of a middle-aged farting man that would seem nothing like Fred. ",
"He could, for example, have a blond mullet and wear flannel, have a nose that is drawn on rather than protruding substantially from the rest of the head, be standing rather than ensconced in an armchair, and be wearing shorts rather than blue pants. ",
"To see how easy this would be, one need look no further than Tekky's Frankie doll, which is also a plush doll, but differs in numerous details: he is not sitting, and he has blond hair, a tattoo, and a red-and-white striped tank. ",
"Frankie is not a copy of Fred. ",
"Fartman is. ",
"We have no trouble concluding that the district court properly granted partial summary judgment to Tekky on the issue of liability for copyright infringement.",
"\n\nB\n\n18\nThe jury found Novelty liable for trademark infringement because Novelty used the words \"Pull My Finger\" to sell its farting Santa dolls, and this use infringed Novelty's mark for those words as related to plush dolls. ",
"The jury found that action to be willful, justifying the award of $50,000 in punitive damages under Illinois common law. ",
"On appeal, Novelty contends that the Lanham Act preempts the state law provision permitting punitive damages, although it admits that such a holding would be \"an extension of the law.\"",
"\n\n\n19\nWhether federal law preempts state law is a question we review de novo. ",
"See Toney, 406 F.3d at 907-08. ",
"In 1992, this court in Zazú Designs v. L'Oréal, S.A., 979 F.2d 499 (7th Cir.1992), expressed concern about the award of punitive damages in a trademark suit:\n\n\n20\nPunitive damages are problematic because the Lanham Act, although providing for the trebling of compensatory damages, forbids other penalties. ",
"The district court found a punitive award authorized by the laws of Illinois without explaining where one finds such authorization. ",
"The parties have been of no greater assistance. ",
"Because some old cases say that Illinois law supports punitive damages in trademark cases, and L'Oréal has not asked us to revisit the subject, we press forward.",
"\n\n\n21\nId. at 507 (internal citations omitted). ",
"In Zelinski v. Columbia 300, Inc., 335 F.3d 633, 641 (7th Cir.2003), we assumed that punitive damages were available under Illinois law but found that the defendant there had not acted willfully so as to merit them. ",
"The magistrate judge in this case noted that this remained an \"issue of first impression\" because \"[o]ther courts have upheld awards of punitive damages for unfair competition when a compensatory award was also given under the Lanham Act, but none of the courts discussed whether punitive damages should be available.\"",
"\n\n\n22\nFederal law preempts state law in three situations: (1) when the federal statute explicitly provides for preemption; (2) when Congress intended to occupy the field completely; and (3) \"where state law stands as an obstacle to the accomplishment and execution of the full purposes and objectives of Congress.\" ",
"Sprietsma v. Mercury Marine, 537 U.S. 51, 64-65, 123 S.Ct. ",
"518, 154 L.Ed.2d 466 (2002) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). ",
"In this case, only the third option is applicable. ",
"The Lanham Act provides:\n\n\n23\nWhen a violation of any right of the registrant of a mark registered in the Patent and Trademark Office, a violation under section 1125(a) or (d) of this title, or a willful violation under section 1125(c) of this title, shall have been established in any civil action arising under this chapter, the plaintiff shall be entitled, subject to the provisions of sections 1111 and 1114 of this title, and subject to the principles of equity, to recover (1) defendant's profits, (2) any damages sustained by the plaintiff, and (3) the costs of the action. ",
"The court shall assess such profits and damages or cause the same to be assessed under its direction. ",
"In assessing profits the plaintiff shall be required to prove defendant's sales only; defendant must prove all elements of cost or deduction claimed. ",
"In assessing damages the court may enter judgment, according to the circumstances of the case, for any sum above the amount found as actual damages, not exceeding three times such amount. ",
"If the court shall find that the amount of the recovery based on profits is either inadequate or excessive the court may in its discretion enter judgment for such sum as the court shall find to be just, according to the circumstances of the case. ",
"Such sum in either of the above circumstances shall constitute compensation and not a penalty.",
"\n\n\n24\n15 U.S.C. § 1117(a) (emphasis added). ",
"One could imagine characterizing the punitive damages permitted by state law as a means of reaching a \"just sum,\" but we are not willing to strain the language this far. ",
"In reality punitive damages are intended to be a penalty. ",
"Thus federal law permits compensation, or a just sum, and not a penalty such as punitive damages. ",
"But it also does not expressly forbid punitive damages in a way that would preempt the state law remedy, and it is not clear from this passage that punitive damages would stand \"as an obstacle to the accomplishment and execution of the full purposes and objectives of Congress.\" ",
"Indeed, punitive damages might be another useful tool in reaching those objectives. ",
"Compare California v. ARC America Corp., 490 U.S. 93, 105, 109 S.Ct. ",
"1661, 104 L.Ed.2d 86 (1989) (holding that state antitrust suits on behalf of indirect purchasers are not preempted despite greatly increased exposure to damages, and commenting that \"[o]rdinarily, state causes of action are not pre-empted solely because they impose liability over and above that authorized by federal law\").",
"\n\n\n25\nA leading treatise on trademark law, McCarthy on Trademarks, assumes that such damages are permitted: \"While Lanham Act § 35 does not authorize an additional award of punitive damages for willful infringement of a registered trademark or for a violation of § 43(a), punitive damages are still available for accompanying state, non-federal causes of action for trademark infringement.\" ",
"J. THOMAS MCCARTHY, 5 MCCARTHY ON TRADEMARKS AND UNFAIR COMPETITION § 30:97 (4th ed.2005).",
"\n\n\n26\nThe First Circuit recently analyzed preemption of state law remedies by the Lanham Act in Attrezzi, LLC v. Maytag Corp., 436 F.3d 32 (1st Cir.2006). ",
"In that case, the remedies at issue were attorneys' fees and double damages. ",
"Under the Lanham Act, attorneys' fees are awarded only in \"exceptional cases\" and enhanced damages are awarded \"subject to principles of equity.\" ",
"15 U.S.C. § 1117(a). ",
"In contrast, New Hampshire law awards attorneys' fees automatically and \"offers enhanced damages automatically upon a showing that the violation was willful or knowing.\" ",
"436 F.3d at 40-41. ",
"The First Circuit described the question as \"whether New Hampshire's laxer standard for an award of attorneys' fees or its mandatory award of enhanced damages undermines the policy of the federal statute.\" ",
"Id. at 41. ",
"The court acknowledged that the state law \"does create a stronger incentive for plaintiffs to bring unfair competition suits against trademark infringers,\" and that Congress intentionally used a \"less favorable incentive structure for federal suits.\" ",
"Id. Nonetheless, the court pointed out, \"Congress did not prohibit state unfair competition statutes that might have substantive terms somewhat more favorable to plaintiffs than the Lanham Act.\" ",
"Id. at 42 (emphasis in original). ",
"In the case before it, New Hampshire's law was substantively the same as the federal law, but the remedial structure was more generous. ",
"The court was unpersuaded that Congress meant to permit the former and forbid the latter: \"to complain in this case about the modest deviation in remedial benefits favorable to plaintiffs is to swallow the camel but strain at the gnat.\" ",
"Id. Contrasting the Lanham Act, which \"primarily provides a federal forum for what is in substance a traditional common-law claim,\" with other more complete federal regulatory regimes, it concluded that the state law remedies survive. ",
"See also Tonka Corp. v. Tonk-A-Phone, Inc., 805 F.2d 793 (8th Cir.1986) (per curiam) (holding the same for a conflicting attorneys' fees provision).",
"\n\n\n27\nPunitive damages are not the same as attorneys' fees, but we find the logic reflected in Attrezzi equally applicable here. ",
"Even the portion of the Lanham Act indicating that the compensation under federal law shall not constitute a \"penalty\" does not, either expressly or by necessary implication, mean that state laws permitting punitive damages under defined conditions are preempted. ",
"We agree with the First Circuit that, to the extent that state substantive law survives and is coterminous with federal law in this area, state law remedies should survive as well. ",
"In the area of trademark law, preemption is the exception rather than the rule. ",
"For example, when Congress amended the federal trademark laws to deal with cybersquatting, it left the state law regimes (including damages rules) in place. ",
"See Sporty's Farm L.L.C. v. Sportsman's Market, Inc., 202 F.3d 489, 500-01 (2d Cir. ",
"2000) (citing a legislative report indicating that the law was not designed to preempt state law remedies). ",
"In light of the fact that the Lanham Act has not been interpreted as a statute with broad preemptive reach, we conclude that Congress would have acted more clearly if it had intended to displace state punitive damage remedies. ",
"Aside from preemption, there is no other reason to refrain from affirming the jury's award of punitive damages in this case.",
"\n\nC\n\n28\nLastly, Novelty contends the attorneys' fees that the district court awarded, $575,099.82, were too high. ",
"The Copyright Act permits a district court to award attorneys' fees \"in its discretion.\" ",
"17 U.S.C. § 505. ",
"Similarly, \"[a] decision to award attorneys' fees under the Lanham Act is firmly committed to the district court's discretion.\" ",
"BASF Corp. v. Old World Trading Co., Inc., 41 F.3d 1081, 1099 (7th Cir.1994). ",
"This court reviews attorneys' fees decisions for abuse of discretion.",
"\n\n\n29\nIn this case, Tekky entered into a contingent-fee agreement with its attorneys, the terms of which are not before us. ",
"Novelty assumes that the fee agreement contains a standard clause under which two-thirds of the amount recovered would go to Tekky and one-third to the attorneys. ",
"It argues in essence this agreement caps the amount that Tekky's attorneys may recover. ",
"In Novelty's view, at the high end, we should take the jury's award of $291,000 as the two-thirds and add one more third on top of that, or $145,000, making the total award $436,000. ",
"The district court rejected the idea that it could award only contractual fees to Tekky's lawyers and opted instead to use the traditional lodestar approach, under which it began with the hours that Tekky's attorneys worked, the tasks they performed, and their hourly rates, to come up with a preliminary total. ",
"Because the fee petition was hotly disputed, the district court appointed a special master to resolve these ancillary disputes. ",
"The master issued a 54-page report recommending a total award of $596,399.82. ",
"The court commented that \"the case took on a life of its own unnecessarily and litigiously,\" observing that Novelty unnecessarily increased the fees sought by \"contesting practically every issue.\" ",
"In addition, the court noted, \"without proof that plaintiff's attorneys fabricated time records or padded them in an inappropriate matter, there is simply no reason to reduce the fees generated by time that was so obviously well-spent from plaintiff's perspective.\" ",
"The special master did reduce several items from Tekky Toys' fee request, reductions the district court found to be reasonable. ",
"The district court also reduced the amount awarded for expenses between the two fee petitions from $80,000 to $60,000 and reduced the reimbursement for some foam boards.",
"\n\n\n30\nNovelty's argument for replacing the lodestar with the fee agreement is based on City of Burlington v. Dague, 505 U.S. 557, 112 S.Ct. ",
"2638, 120 L.Ed.2d 449 (1992), in which the Court rejected a \"contingency enhancement\" under fee-shifting statutes where the prevailing party sought more than the lodestar as a reward for the risk of obtaining nothing had the party not prevailed. ",
"The Court found that awarding more than the lodestar was not permitted under two environmental laws and more generally under federal statutes that permit the \"prevailing party\" to collect fees: \"The `lodestar' figure has, as its name suggests, become the guiding light of our fee-shifting jurisprudence. ",
"We have established a `strong presumption' that the lodestar represents the `reasonable' fee, and have placed upon the fee applicant who seeks more than that the burden of showing that `such an adjustment is necessary to the determination of a reasonable fee.'\" ",
"Id. at 562, 112 S.Ct. ",
"2638 (internal citations omitted) (emphasis in original).",
"\n\n\n31\nWhat Novelty fails to appreciate, however, is that the Supreme Court held in Blanchard v. Bergeron, 489 U.S. 87, 109 S.Ct. ",
"939, 103 L.Ed.2d 67 (1989), that an attorney's fee allowed under 42 U.S.C. § 1988 is not limited to the amount provided in a contingent-fee arrangement. ",
"The Court later held, in Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc., 510 U.S. 517, 114 S.Ct. ",
"1023, 127 L.Ed.2d 455 (1994), that prevailing plaintiffs and prevailing defendants in copyright cases must be treated alike, for purposes of fee awards; thus, the rules articulated in Blanchard for computing fees for the prevailing party apply with equal force to copyright cases. ",
"Nothing in Dague, which dealt with an enhancement above the lodestar, suggests a retreat from the holding in Blanchard. ",
"In Blanchard, as here, the lodestar method led to an award greater than the contingent-fee arrangement would have yielded. ",
"In Assessment Technologies of WI, LLC v. WIREdata, Inc., 361 F.3d 434 (7th Cir.2004), although we commented that usually attorney's fee contracts are given \"controlling weight\" for purposes of assigning value to a lawyer's work, id. at 438, we recognized that contingent-fee contracts are different. ",
"In the case of contingent-fee arrangements, \"were it not for the expectation of an additional, court-ordered award if the suit was successful but yielded little in the way of damages, the plaintiff might not have been able to interest a lawyer in taking the case in the first place. ",
"So the percentage specified in the contract should not cap such awards.\" ",
"Id. at 439 (emphasis added).",
"\n\n\n32\nThat is enough to resolve the case before us. ",
"Although the fees here were high—roughly double the damages—our review of the special master's report and the district court decision reveals no abuse of discretion.",
"\n\n\n33\nWe AFFIRM the judgment of the district court.",
"\n\nAPPENDIX\n\n34\nNOTE: OPINION CONTAINING TABLE OR OTHER DATA THAT IS NOT VIEWABLE\n\n"
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"Search form\n\nProximity Trumps Mobility: Smart Growth Maximizes Accessibility\n\nThe increased proximity provided by more compact and centralized development is about ten times more influential than vehicle traffic speed on the number of destinations that people can reach within a given travel time.",
"\n\nResearchers analyzed the number of destinations that can be accessed within a given amount of travel time by mode (automobile and transit) and purpose (work and non-work trips) for about 30 US metropolitan areas. ",
"They found that although denser urban development tends to reduce vehicle travel speeds, the increased proximity is about ten times more influential than travel speed in determining a metropolitan area’s overall accessibility. ",
"This indicates that smart growth policies which increase development density and mix, transport network connectivity, and transport system diversity can do more to improve overall transport system performance than efforts to increase traffic speeds and reduce congestion.",
"\n\nThe authors conclude, \"Having destinations nearby, as when densities are high, offers benefits even when the associated congestion slows traffic. ",
"Where land use policy frequently seeks to support low-development densities in part in an attempt to maintain travel speeds and forestall traffic congestion, our findings suggest that compact development can often improve transportation outcomes.\"",
"\n\n\"Smart\" is NOT the right word\n\nThis is \"physical determinism\". ",
"That is, the belief that any city can be turned into something like Manhattan in terms of its density and its transport mode shares, without having anything like Manhattan's main source of employment or the centuries of historical accident (and geography) that has made Manhattan what it is.",
"\n\nThis is just as stupid as the cargo-cult savages in New Guinea who saw amazing demi-god humans build an airstrip in the jungle, following which magic metal monsters descended from the sky and unloaded cargoes of food and other goodies. ",
"Therefore the savages proceeded to build facsimile airstrips so that the magic metal monsters would visit them too.",
"\n\nIt is no less stupid to assume that by mandating something closer to Manhattan's density and transport modes, you will end up with everybody still employed and housed at all, let alone increasing their wealth.",
"\n\n\"Smart Growth\" has been practiced in the UK under different names, since 1947. ",
"It has \"worked\", sort of, in London; but like NYC, London just happens to have flows of fee income from global capital movements as its main source of income.",
"\n\nBut the UK economy is comprised of a far higher proportion of \"rust belt\" cities than the US one, mostly BECAUSE of straight-jacket urban planning. ",
"The US's rust belt cities low land costs will be the main reason they will rebound economically. ",
"The equivalent cities in the UK still manage to inflate land prices by strict \"planning\", so that they \"price out\" new business startups and potential agglomeration economies, and price out young people from home ownership - even those with jobs - all the while that 20 to 30% of the workforce remains permanently unemployed.",
"\n\n\"Smart\" is certainly NOT the right word for this.",
"\n\nPaul Cheshire, Professor of Economic Geography at the London School of Economics, has recently started arguing that economic land \"rent\" represents FOREGONE agglomeration economies. ",
"This is a brilliant insight - tragically, few people who have much to do with urban form policy advocacy, will have the slightest clue about it. ",
"Economic land rent is not \"rent\" charged by landlords - it is \"rent\" in the pure economic term of \"unearned\" increments or zero-sum wealth transfer. ",
"The UK economy is a working example of an economy being destroyed by decades of successful \"rent-seeking\" by the major property-owning classes. \"",
"Smart growth\" is simply one of the worst ever rent-seeking rackets in economic history. ",
"The \"economic rent\" that exists in the UK's urban economies is, however, reflected in the fact that actual rents charged by landlords, per square foot, is hundreds, or thousands, or even tens of thousands of times as high as what is charged by equivalent landlords in an exemplar free market city like Houston. ",
"Paul Cheshire is one of a team of authors at the LSE who have been producing papers on this for more than a decade now.",
"\n\nClassic and moumental ignorance of economics\n\nAhh, the classic, classic, classic \"local amenity explains everything\" argument. ",
"Regulatory distortions cannot exist in the small-l liberals parallel universe. ",
"Even a factor of tens of thousands of times is just \"because of where people want to live\".",
"\n\nThere is no lack of literature from, say, the London School of Economics Spatial Economics Research Centre on regulatory distortions in land rent.",
"\n\nRegulatory distortions are a far stronger explanatory variable for wild variations in land rents, than amenity. ",
"Otherwise how do you explain that rents are very much higher higher in virtually every city in the UK, including some blighted urban hells, that they are in the most expensive location in the USA, Manhattan? ",
"And that many continental European cities are more expensive than Manhattan but still nowhere near as expensive as, say, Liverpool or Manchester or Newcastle? ",
"Uh, huh, Liverpool must be more desirable than Zurich, uh-huh, uh-huh."
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"By Rena Bryson\n\nThere are only two things I am certain of in this life, that red is my colour and I love theatre. ",
"Sometimes my relationship with the theatre, can be one of love and hate. ",
"Filled with ups and downs, putting more into it than I’m getting back, feeling rejected, undervalued and even wondering if we’re just not meant to be. ",
"At the heart of all good relationships however is love and even if at times that love feels unrequited, it is a love that is very real, but what does that mean? ",
"To me it means I respect, appreciate and value everything the arts has provided for me, from my personal and career development to the relationships I’ve formed because of it. ",
"Mostly I feel my love of the theatre stems from the simple goal of telling a story. ",
"Bringing a script, concept or word scribbled on a piece of paper to life and creating a performance is to me the single most magical feeling in the world.",
"\n\n\n\nTo me time spent in the rehearsal room is the most exciting part of the relationship with any piece of theatre. ",
"Living completely in a text, empathising with the characters within it and sharing that experience with your fellow theatre makers can be far more exhilarating than the adrenaline rush of live performance. ",
"This is the honeymoon phase where everything is firey and changeable in the best way. ",
"Like any relationship what is portrayed on the big day, opening night in this case is a planned presentation of what was freely and creatively loved in the rehearsal room. ",
"It is no longer evolving and growing but if the relationship is good, the show will be deconstructed by the team after the big day and there is still room for compromise and evolution.",
"\n\n\n\nSometimes my relationship with the theatre can feel like a Romeo and Juliet type of romance, fueled by passion, not logic, and I worry I may not come out the other end better off. ",
"Luckily I am seeing a shift away from pride in suffering for ones art towards a more holistic work practice. ",
"Even so it would be false to state that artists lead a nine to five life and can accommodate proper self care. ",
"So often those working in the arts can be seen as an artist first and a person second, a concept that would seem ridiculous in many other professions. ",
"Each year many wide eyed students leave their performing arts programmes envisioning the rom com relationship they will have with the arts and are disappointed when they realise the first five, ten or fifteen years may feel a lot more like ‘Misery’ then ‘Love Actually’.",
"\n\n\n\nPhoto Credit – Catriona Bonner Photography\n\nOften I end up defending my relationship and feeling as though I am an unaware victim, as friends, family and once or twice a stranger has questioned why we’re still together. ",
"At times the relationship can feel completely one sided, as I express a lifelong devotion I get the impression the theatre can view me as merely a booty call. ",
"Despite this I have, I’ll admit, changed myself for the theatre, becoming anything it wants me to be. ",
"Unlike a relationship with another human being, this want to mold and change myself has been beneficial, encouraging me to try new things. ",
"I started out as an actor but have learnt how to be a director, playwright, stage manager, PR Manager, lighting operator and teacher due to my need to be near the theatre, no matter what the role. ",
"Of course this has a down side, I have in the last month worked in several of these roles all at once while working a day job, which can lead to exhaustion. ",
"Although I love what I do, the theatre can sometimes seem like a selfish lover who drains my time and resources, without offering any promise of commitment.",
"\n\n\n\nHowever even during times of stress, often induced by my work, the reward is too great to just throw in the towel. ",
"All relationships take work and no compromise has been too much to over shadow the joy of bringing a great script to life. ",
"Even with the chaotic nature of the arts, a different type of security is always present. ",
"A security that comes with doing what you love, staying true to your beliefs and feeling at home in your work. ",
"I have given so much to the theatre but it has offered so much more in return.",
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"Fear of AIDS and Homophobia Scales: additional estimates of reliability and validity.",
"\nPsychometric properties of the Fear of AIDS Scale and the Homophobia Scale from 85 heterosexual undergraduates (and 44 gay, lesbian, and bisexual undergraduates) were estimated. ",
"Responses on the Homophobia Scale were internally consistent (alpha = .88), had 4% standard error of measurement, and scores differed by subjects' sexual orientation. ",
"Responses to Fear of AIDS Scale were moderately internally consistent (alpha = .75), had 12% standard error, and were significantly different for the two groups. ",
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"The specific cell cycle events which will be studied are the synthesis of DNA and mitosis. ",
"The cellular levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP during the cell cycle will be measured by radioimmunoassay. ",
"The cellular levels of cyclic nucleotides will be changed to determine if the traverse of the cell cycle is altered. ",
"Substances used to change the cyclic nucleotide levels will be added to the growth media or microinjected into macroplasmodia at different times during the cell cycle. ",
"The timing and duration of each stage of the cell cycle and the levels of the cyclic nucleotides will be measured after these treatments and compared to control macroplasmodia. ",
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"The subcellular localization of the cyclic nucleotides in the macroplasmodium during the cell cycle will be determined by immunofluorescent microscopy. ",
"The proposed experimentation will determine if the cycle nucleotides modulate the cell cycle of Physarum polycephalum; at what phase(s) of the cycle such modulation occurs; and if the modulation is by inhibition, stimulation, or if both types of regulation are involved depending on the phase of the cell cycle."
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"package org.aksw.rdfunit.junit;\n\nimport org.aksw.rdfunit.io.reader.",
"RdfModelReader;\nimport org.aksw.rdfunit.io.reader.",
"RdfReader;\nimport org.apache.jena.rdf.model.",
"Model;\nimport org.apache.jena.rdf.model.",
"ModelFactory;\nimport org.junit.",
"Before;\nimport org.junit.",
"Rule;\nimport org.junit.",
"Test;\nimport org.junit.rules.",
"ExpectedException;\nimport org.junit.runner.",
"RunWith;\nimport org.junit.runners.model.",
"InitializationError;\n\nimport static org.assertj.core.api.",
"Assertions.assertThat;\n\n/**\n * @author Michael Leuthold\n\n */\npublic class RdfUnitJunitRunnerTest {\n\n public static final RdfReader CONTROLLED_VOCABULARY = newEmptyModelRdfReader();\n\n @Rule\n public ExpectedException exception = ExpectedException.none();\n\n private RdfUnitJunitRunner underTest;\n\n private static RdfReader newEmptyModelRdfReader() {\n return new RdfModelReader(ModelFactory.createDefaultModel());\n }\n\n @Before\n public void setup() throws InitializationError {\n underTest = new RdfUnitJunitRunner(RdfUnitTest.class);\n }\n\n @Test\n public void descriptionIsNotATest() {\n assertThat(underTest.getDescription().isTest()).isFalse();\n }\n\n @Test\n public void generatesTests() {\n assertThat(underTest.testCount()).isGreaterThan(1);\n }\n\n @Test\n public void testInputReturningNullDoesNotThrowIntializationError() throws InitializationError {\n new RdfUnitJunitRunner(RdfUnitWithNullTestInputTest.class);\n }\n\n @Test(expected = InitializationError.class)\n public void testInputReturningWrongTypeThrowsIntializationError() throws InitializationError {\n new RdfUnitJunitRunner(RdfUnitWithWrongTestInputReturnTypeTest.class);\n }\n\n @Test(expected = InitializationError.class)\n public void throwsInitializationErrorIfOntologyIsMissing() throws InitializationError {\n new RdfUnitJunitRunner(RDFUnitMissingOntologyAnnotation.class);\n }\n\n @Test(expected = InitializationError.class)\n public void throwsInitializationErrorIfOntologyDoesNotResolve() throws InitializationError {\n new RdfUnitJunitRunner(RDFUnitWrongSchemaUri.class);\n }\n\n @Test\n public void returnsVocabulary() throws InitializationError {\n final RdfUnitJunitRunner rdfUnitJunitRunner = new RdfUnitJunitRunner(ControlledVocabularyTest.class);\n assertThat(rdfUnitJunitRunner.getAdditionalDataModel()).isSameAs(CONTROLLED_VOCABULARY);\n }\n\n @Test(expected = InitializationError.class)\n public void returnsTwoVocabulariesNotAllowed() throws InitializationError {\n new RdfUnitJunitRunner(TwoControlledVocabulariesNotAllowedTest.class);\n }\n\n @Test(expected = InitializationError.class)\n public void vocabularyWithWrongReturnTypeNotAllowed() throws InitializationError {\n new RdfUnitJunitRunner(VocabularyWithWrongReturnTypeNotAllowedTest.class);\n }\n\n @RunWith(RdfUnitJunitRunner.class)\n @Schema(uri = Constants.",
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"EXAMPLE_SCHEMA)\n public static class RdfUnitWithWrongTestInputReturnTypeTest {\n @TestInput\n public Model testInput() {\n return ModelFactory.createDefaultModel();\n }\n }\n\n @RunWith(RdfUnitJunitRunner.class)\n @Schema(uri = Constants.",
"EXAMPLE_SCHEMA)\n public static class RdfUnitWithNullTestInputTest {\n @TestInput\n public RdfReader testInput() {\n return null;\n }\n }\n\n @RunWith(RdfUnitJunitRunner.class)\n public static class RDFUnitMissingOntologyAnnotation {\n }\n\n @RunWith(RdfUnitJunitRunner.class)\n @Schema(uri = \"dummy/uri/that/does/not/resolve\")\n public static class RDFUnitWrongSchemaUri {\n @TestInput\n public Model testInput() {\n return ModelFactory.createDefaultModel();\n }\n }\n\n @RunWith(RdfUnitJunitRunner.class)\n @Schema(uri = Constants.",
"EXAMPLE_SCHEMA)\n public static class ControlledVocabularyTest {\n\n @TestInput\n public RdfReader testInput() {\n return newEmptyModelRdfReader();\n }\n\n @AdditionalData\n public RdfReader vocabulary() {\n return CONTROLLED_VOCABULARY;\n }\n }\n\n @RunWith(RdfUnitJunitRunner.class)\n @Schema(uri = Constants.",
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"27th May 2018\n\nCRISPR-edited rice plants increase grain yield by up to 31%\n\nScientists from Purdue University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences report the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to develop a variety of rice producing 25-31% more grain than traditional breeding methods.",
"\n\nThe team, led by Jian-Kang Zhu, a distinguished professor in the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture at Purdue and director of the Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, made mutations to 13 genes associated with the plant hormone abscisic acid – known to play roles in plant stress tolerance and suppression of growth. ",
"Of several varieties created, one produced a plant that had little change in stress tolerance but produced 25% more grain in a field test in Shanghai, China, and 31% more in a field test conducted on China's Hainan Island.",
"\n\nThe findings are published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.",
"\n\nZhu's team silenced suites of pyrabactin resistance 1 (PYR1)/PYR1-like (PYL)/regulatory components of ABA receptor (ACAR) genes, or simply, PYL genes. ",
"These genes enhance tolerance of abiotic stresses, such as drought, soil salinity and other environmental factors, but also inhibit growth.",
"\n\nSince plants have evolved to create genetic redundancies, especially for traits required for survival, knocking out one gene in the PYL family might not have much effect on stress tolerance or growth since redundant genes can kick in to provide a similar function. ",
"Crafting the right knockout combination, however, led to a plant that uses just the right redundancies to hold onto its stress-tolerance characteristics, but reduces the growth inhibition.",
"\n\n\"There is lots of evidence that although each PYL gene may have an individual specialty in function, by and large they also share some common functions,\" explains Zhu. \"",
"When you remove one, others will function as a replacement.\"",
"\n\n\n\nJian-Kang Zhu. ",
"Credit: Purdue University\n\nThe CRISPR/Cas9 technology allows plant breeders to quickly and accurately snip portions of DNA out of a sequence, editing the DNA code. ",
"This method enabled Zhu's team to modify multiple genes at one time – something that would have taken decades to do with traditional methods without a guarantee that the resulting plants would have the desired characteristics.",
"\n\n\"You couldn't do targeted mutations like that with traditional plant breeding. ",
"You'd do random mutations and try to screen out the ones you don't want,\" explains co-author Professor Ray Bressan, also from Purdue. \"",
"It would have taken millions of plants. ",
"Basically, it's not feasible. ",
"This is a real accomplishment that could not have been done without CRISPR.\"",
"\n\nThe improved rice plants created in these experiments come from a common research line. ",
"The next step is to use CRISPR/Cas9 to edit the same genes in elite varieties of rice, to determine if those will also show similarly improved yield.",
"\n\n\"If this holds true for the varieties that farmers currently use, this big increase in yield would be very important,\" Zhu concludes. \"",
"It would really help produce a lot more grains to feed more people.\"",
"\n\n---\n\n• Follow us on Twitter\n\n• Follow us on Facebook\n\n• Subscribe to us on YouTube\n\nComments »"
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"Q:\n\njavascript get id value into variable\n\nI have used an api to get some information about someone who visits my page. ",
"The data is returned into a JSON format and I have used the .html function to set the content into some IDs like this: \n$.getJSON(\"http://ip-api.com/json/?callback=?\", ",
"function (data) {\n $(\"#lat\").html(data.lat);\n $(\"#lon\").html(data.lon);\n});\n\nUsing: \n<p id=\"lat\"></p> \n<p id=\"lon\"></p>\n\nin my html body, I can see that the data has been set and is printed in my browser.",
"\nMy question is how can I retrieve the data that is printed from the IDs into another, separate variable to continue to use/pass of to other functions ? ",
"I have tried using different functions like getElementById() etc. ",
"but none have worked.",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou can use $(element).html() to get contents of an element.",
"\nFor example:\nvar someHtml = \"<p>Hello world!</p>\";\n\n$(someElement).html(someHtml); \n// This will set the html to be \"<p>Hello world!</p>\"\n\nalert( $(someElement).html() );\n// This will return \"<p>Hello world!</p>\" in the alert box!",
"\n\nTo directly answer your question:\nvar coords = {\n // lat coord\n 'lat' : $(\"#lat\").html(),\n\n // long coord\n 'lon' :$(\"#lon\").html()\n};\n\nYou can then reference them with coords.lat and coords.lon\nThat being said!",
"\nThere's really no reason to set the coords variable based on the HTML elements' values. ",
"Even if you have to display them, you'd be better off saving the variable directly from the API response to shave off some milliseconds.",
"\nSo you might do this:\nvar coords = {};\n$.getJSON(\"http://ip-api.com/json/?callback=?\", ",
"function (data) {\n $(\"#lat\").html(data.lat);\n $(\"#lon\").html(data.lon);\n coords = { 'lat' : data.lat, 'lon' : data.lon };\n});\n\nEdit:\nAs per your pastebin example - your error is coming from two places:\n1. ",
"You are trying to affect the #map div before it is rendered\nFirstly, move all your scripts to be below your HTML, so you will have <div id=\"map\"></div> right next to <table id=\"GeoResults\"></table>\nLines 22-27 become:\n<table id=\"GeoResults\"></table>\n\n<p id=\"lat\"></p>\n<p id=\"lon\"></p>\n\n<div id=\"map\"></div>\n\n2. ",
"You are references latitude before it is set.",
"\nOn lines 61 and 62 you try console.log() and document.write() to see the variable latitude. ",
"It is not defined until immediately after:\n console.log(latitude);\n document.write(latitude);\n\n var coords = {\n // lat coord\n 'lat' : $(\"#lat\").html(),\n\n // long coord\n 'lon' :$(\"#lon\").html()\n };\n\nSo that obviously won't work - just move those lines until after you define latitude and you're golden.",
"\nTry out the updated HTML\n\n"
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"1. ",
"Field of the Invention\nThe present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent display device, and more particularly, to an organic electroluminescent display (OELD) device and a method and an apparatus of manufacturing the same.",
"\n2. ",
"Discussion of the Related Art\nUntil recently, display devices have typically used cathode-ray tubes (CRTs). ",
"Presently, many efforts and studies are being made to develop various types of flat panel displays, such as liquid crystal display (LCD) devices, plasma display panels (PDPs), field emission displays, and electro-luminescence displays (ELDs), as a substitute for CRTs. ",
"Of these flat panel displays, organic electroluminescent display (OELD) devices are self-luminescent display devices. ",
"The OELD devices operate at low voltages and have a thin profile. ",
"Further, the OELD devices have fast response time, high brightness, and wide viewing angles.",
"\nFIG. ",
"1 is a circuit diagram illustrating an OELD device according to the related art.",
"\nReferring to FIG. ",
"1, the OELD device includes a gate line GL and a data line DL crossing each other to define a pixel region P.\nIn the pixel region P, a switching thin film transistor Ts, a driving thin film transistor Td, a storage capacitor Cst and an organic electroluminescent diode E are formed. ",
"A gate electrode and a source electrode of the switching thin film transistor Ts are connected to the gate line GL and the data line DL, respectively. ",
"A gate electrode of the driving thin film transistor Td is connected to the drain electrode of the switching thin film transistor Ts. ",
"Both electrodes of the storage capacitor Cst are connected to the gate electrode and a source electrode of the driving thin film transistor Td, respectively. ",
"The source electrode of the driving thin film transistor Td is connected to a power line PL. ",
"An anode of the organic electroluminescent diode E is connected to the drain electrode of the driving thin film transistor Td, and a cathode of the organic electroluminescent diode E is grounded.",
"\nWhen an ON gate voltage is applied to the gate line GL, the switching thin film transistor Ts is turned on, and a data voltage is applied to the data line D. The data voltage passes through the turned-on switching thin film transistor Ts and is applied to the gate electrode of the driving thin film transistor Td. ",
"A current passing through the driving thin film transistor Td is adjusted according to the data voltage applied to the driving thin film transistor Td, and the current flows on the organic electroluminescent diode E. The storage capacitor Cst stores the data voltage applied to the driving thin film transistor while the switching thin film transistor Ts is turned off.",
"\nThe switching and driving thin film transistors Ts and Td and the organic electroluminescent diode E are usually formed on the same substrate of the OELD device. ",
"However, forming the thin film transistors and the organic electroluminescent diode on different substrates has recently researched and developed. ",
"This type of OELD device is referred to as a dual plate type OELD device.",
"\nFIG. ",
"2A is a cross-sectional view illustrating a dual plate type OELD device according to the related art.",
"\nReferring to FIG. ",
"2A, the OELD device 1 includes an array substrate and an opposing substrate facing each other. ",
"The OELD device 1 includes a display region AA to display images and a non-display region NAA.",
"\nThe array substrate includes a gate line (not shown) and a data line DL formed on a first substrate 5 and crossing each other to define a pixel region P in the display region AA. ",
"A switching thin film transistor (not shown) and a driving thin film transistor Td are formed on the first substrate 5. ",
"The data line DL is formed in a data region D, and the driving thin film transistor Td is formed in a driving region Dr.\nThe driving thin film transistor Td includes a gate electrode 25 connected to the gate line, a semiconductor layer 42, a source electrode 32 and a drain electrode 34. ",
"A gate insulating layer 45 is on the gate electrode 25 and the gate line. ",
"The semiconductor layer 42 includes an active layer 40 made of intrinsic amorphous silicon and an ohmic contact layer 41 made of impurity-doped amorphous silicon.",
"\nA passivation layer 55 is formed on the driving thin film transistor Td and has a drain contact hole DCH exposing the drain electrode 34. ",
"A connection electrode 70 is connected to the drain electrode 34 through the drain contact hole DCH.",
"\nThe opposing substrate includes an organic electroluminescent diode E formed on a second substrate 10. ",
"The organic electroluminescent diode E includes a first electrode 80, an organic emitting layer 82 and a second electrode 84.",
"\nAn auxiliary electrode 60 is on the second substrate 10. ",
"The first electrode 80 is on the auxiliary electrode 60. ",
"A buffer layer 62 is on the first electrode 80. ",
"A separator 64 and a patterned spacer 50 are formed on the buffer layer 62.",
"\nThe separator 64 has a tapered shape, and the patterned spacer 50 has a reverse-tapered shape. ",
"The organic emitting layer 82 and the second electrode 84 are formed on the first electrode 80 and the patterned spacer 50 in the pixel region P.\nA portion of the second electrode 84 on the patterned spacer 50 contacts the connection electrode 70 so that the organic electroluminescent diode E on the second substrate 10 is electrically connected to the driving thin film transistor Td on the first substrate 5.",
"\nA seal pattern 90 is formed along a peripheral region of the array substrate and the opposing substrate to attach the array substrate and the opposing substrate. ",
"Further, the seal pattern 90 functions to keep a cell gap of the OELD device i.e, a gap between the array substrate and the opposing substrate. ",
"A space between the array substrate and the opposing substrate is under vacuum.",
"\nFIG. ",
"2B is a cross-sectional view illustrating another OELD device according to the related art. ",
"The OELD device of FIG. ",
"2B is similar to that of FIG. ",
"2A. Explanations of parts similar to parts of FIG. ",
"2A are omitted.",
"\nReferring to FIG. ",
"2B, the OELD device 1 does not include the connection electrode and the patterned spacer (70 and 50 of FIG. ",
"2A). ",
"A conductive spacer 52 connects a drain electrode 34 and an organic electroluminescent diode E.\nBy the sealant 90 of each of FIGS. ",
"2A and 2B along the peripheral portion, the space between the array substrate and the opposing substrate is sealed from the outside. ",
"Accordingly, the space between the array substrate and the opposing substrate is empty under vacuum. ",
"However, the OELD device having the empty space is weak to exterior impact or pressure, and contact defects between the organic electroluminescent diode E and the driving thin film transistor Td are thus frequently caused. ",
"Accordingly, display quality and production efficiency are reduced.",
"\nFurther, in experiment that the OELD device 1 is under conditions of about 80° C. and humidity of about 95%, moisture permeates inside the space through interfaces between the sealant 90 and the substrates 5 and 10, and lighting defects thus occur about 200 hours later. ",
"Accordingly, it is difficult for the OELD device 1 to obtain long lifetime.",
"\nTo resolve this problem due to the moisture permeation, forming a passivation layer or a metal layer of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) or aluminum (Al) on the second electrode 84 is suggested. ",
"However, the passivation layer or the metal layer does not completely cover the organic electroluminescent diode E. For example, a portion of the organic electroluminescent diode E near the separator 64 is not covered by the passivation layer or the metal layer. ",
"Accordingly, the moisture permeates into the not-covered portion of the organic electroluminescent diode E, and defects thus occur.",
"\nFurther, in the process of forming the passivation layer or the metal layer, impurities of several micrometers are frequently stuck to the opposing substrate. ",
"Portions where the impurities are stuck become dark spots, and display quality and production efficiency are reduced.",
"\nFurther, as the OELD increases in size, due to a difference of light exposure amount between a center portion and a peripheral portion of the OELD device, it becomes more difficult to form the patterned spacers so as to make thickness uniform over the entire plane of the OELD device. ",
"Accordingly, contact defects between the organic electroluminescent diode and the driving thin film transistor in some pixels are caused, and thus display quality and production efficiency are reduced."
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"In this Feb. 6, 2017, photo, a Chinese national flag flutters against the HNA Group office building in Beijing.",
"\n\n\nOn July 4, HNA Group, one of China’s biggest conglomerates, announced that Wang Jian, the co-founder and chairman of the company, died in an accident during a business trip in France.",
"\n\nAccording to the simple obituary in Chinese posted on the company’s website, Wang, 57, suffered a fall during the trip and received medical treatment but failed to recover.",
"\n\nThe obituary in English included a statement of HNA Group’s board and management team, led by co-founder and Chairman Chen Feng and CEO Adam Tan. ",
"It said: “Together, we mourn the loss of an exceptionally gifted leader and role model, whose vision and values will continue to be a beacon for all who had the good fortune to know him, as well as for the many others whose lives he touched through his work and philanthropy.”",
"\n\nThe company’s website was made black and white to mourn Wang.",
"\n\nA police source in France told Reuters that Wang “tried to climb a low wall to see the view and take pictures” in the village of Bonnieux, near Avignon. “",
"After failing a first time, Wang took a run up. ‘",
"He fell over the top and dropped 10 meters.'”",
"\n\nEnjoying this article? ",
"Click here to subscribe for full access. ",
"Just $5 a month.",
"\n\nAnother police source told The New York Times that Wang’s death was being investigated but that the police had no immediate suspicions of foul play.",
"\n\nWang’s sudden death immediately kindled conspiracy theories, as HNA has been haunted by negative gossip for quite a while.",
"\n\nHNA Group, headquartered in Haikou, Hainan, was founded in 2000. ",
"Growing into a multinational giant within two decades, the conglomerate now owns assets in numerous industries including aviation, real estate, financial services, tourism, and logistics.",
"\n\n\nHowever, the company’s ownership structure has always been complex and murky.",
"\n\nLast year, Guo Wengui, a high-profile exiled Chinese businessman who is famous for throwing incendiary — and largely unsubstantiated — allegations against Chinese officials, claimed that HNA has secret and illegal financial ties to top Chinese Communist Party officials.",
"\n\nAccording to Bloomberg, Wang Jian said in an internal speech in February that HNA has been a victim of a conspiracy against the Chinese government and “the Communist Party Central Committee with Xi Jinping at its core.”",
"\n\nPerhaps in an attempt to counter Guo’s allegations, HNA then released some details about the company’s ownership structure. ",
"Most notably, the company announced that its largest shareholder, a mysterious businessman named Guan Jun, had donated his 30 percent stake in the company to a charitable organization.",
"\n\nDiplomat Brief Weekly Newsletter N Get first-read access to major articles yet to be released, as well as links to thought-provoking commentaries and in-depth articles from our Asia-Pacific correspondents. ",
"Subscribe Newsletter\n\nDespite — or perhaps because of — this unusual move, Guo’s sensational allegations had deeply damaged HNA’s reputation.",
"\n\nFurthermore, Guo had even predicted more than one year ago that HNA’s top management team members would die in an accident due to their secret ties with Chinese officials, according to a former employee of Voice of America.",
"\n\nWang’s sudden death just adds more fuel to these conspiracy theories, even though there is no substantial reason to suspect foul play.",
"\n\nEnjoying this article? ",
"Click here to subscribe for full access. ",
"Just $5 a month.",
"\n\nEven those longtime observers of China have been split into two groups. ",
"For example, Bill Bishop, who writes the influential China newsletter Sinocism, tweeted that “this accident is totally believable.” ",
"But Scott Kennedy, of the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, commented on Bishop’s tweet as saying: “Anything, including what has been reported, is possible. ",
"Chinese tourists take risks, and conspiracies abound in China.”"
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"Q:\n\nAutodesk.",
"Viewing.",
"OBJECT_TREE_CREATED_EVENT not firing\n\nI have a certain AutoCAD model that was published to A360 and for some reason I cannot explore the model tree in the Viewer or get the Autodesk.",
"Viewing.",
"OBJECT_TREE_CREATED_EVENT to fire.",
"\nWhen I look in the console, I see 404 Errors returned from https://developer.api.autodesk.com/viewingservice/v1/items\nThe model has been uploaded a couple of times, but the problem persists.",
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"I would recommend you use version 2.12 instead.",
"\n\n"
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"% Local Regression and Likelihood, Figure 2.5.",
"\r\n%\r\n% Using different smoothing parameters.",
"\r\n\r\nload ethanol;\r\n\r\nalp = [0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8];\r\nf=['a','b','c','d'];\r\nfor (i=1:4)\r\n figure('Name', sprintf( 'figure2_5%c: Smoothing parameters', f(i) ) );\r\n fit = locfit(E,NOx,'alpha',alp(i));\r\n res = residuals(fit);\r\n fit2 = locfit(E,res,'alpha',0.2);\r\n lfplot(fit2);\r\n title(strcat('a = ',num2str(alp(i))));\r\n ylabel('Residual');\r\n hold on;\r\n plot([min(E) max(E)], [0 0], ':');\r\n hold off;\r\nend;\r\n"
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"I suggest you tell him to drop by around 2:15 for a 15 or 20 minute meeting.",
"\n\n -----Original Message-----\nFrom: \tHarris, Stephanie J \nSent:\tMonday, April 09, 2001 5:18 PM\nTo:\tDerrick Jr., James\nSubject:\tRE: Request to Meet\n\n\n\nWhat time do you want to tell this guy he can come? ",
" Do you want me to write to him? ",
" THX, S\n\n\n\n -----Original Message-----\nFrom: \tHarris, Stephanie J \nSent:\tMonday, April 09, 2001 3:53 PM\nTo:\tDerrick Jr., James\nSubject:\tRE: Request to Meet\n\nYou've got yourself marked out for \"PV\". ",
" BTW, I know tomorrow is a Tuesday, but I have moved Mr. McCartney several times and he has had conflicts and had to change also. ",
" This is the only time. ",
" He is coming at 9:00 a.m. tomorrow. ",
" OK? ",
" S\n\n -----Original Message-----\nFrom: \tDerrick Jr., James \nSent:\tMonday, April 09, 2001 3:37 PM\nTo:\tHarris, Stephanie J\nSubject:\tFW: Request to Meet\n\nSteph, am I available on the 17th?",
"\n\n -----Original Message-----\nFrom: \tKisch <Victor@Tonkon.com>@ENRON [mailto:IMCEANOTES-Kisch+20+3CVictor+40Tonkon+2Ecom+3E+40ENRON@ENRON.com] \nSent:\tMonday, April 09, 2001 12:05 PM\nTo:\tjderric@enron.com\nCc:\tmichelle.cash@enron; Sullivan, Kriste; mkeyser@enron.com; Pais, Randy; rfreed@enron.com; Johnson, Rick; Butcher, Sharon; Morgan\nSubject:\tRequest to Meet\n\nMr. Derrick,\n\nOur firm has been retained by Enron on a variety of matters over the last few years but we have not yet met. ",
" I will be in your Houston offices on Tuesday, April 17th. ",
" I am writing to ask if you would be available to meet sometime that afternoon.",
"\n\nYou may recall meeting my partner, Mike Morgan, in Portland about three to four years ago. ",
" Mike has worked with Enron on the PGE/Sierra deal and other matters as well.",
"\n\nI am the senior partner at our firm who specializes in labor and employment law. ",
" I am a former partner at Littler Mendelson in San Francisco and continue to enjoy a close relationship with that firm.",
"\n\nI have been working with Rick Johnson, Director of Labor and Employment Relations at Enron Corp. We have been handling the labor issues associated with an energy management agreement--Project Neon. ",
" Rich Freed is lead counsel. ",
" We are working on a project labor agreement in connection with the construction of a power plant--Project Epic. ",
" Randy Pais is overseeing that matter. ",
" We are also working with Marty Keyser on some potential O & M issues at EFS.",
"\n\nOn April 17th, I will be having lunch with Michelle Cash, Sharon Butcher, Kriste Sullivan and Rick. ",
" In the morning I will be meeting with representatives of EFS, EES and EEOS.",
"\n\nMy flight on the 17th leaves at about 5:30 pm. ",
" Rick and I would be available to stop by your office sometime after lunch on the 17th.",
"\n\nPlease let me know if you are available to meet with us. ",
" I look forward to hearing from you.",
"\n\nBest regards,\n\nVictor Kisch\n\n________________________________\n\nVictor J. Kisch\nAttorney at Law\nTonkon Torp LLP\n888 SW 5th Avenue\n1600 Pioneer Tower\nPortland, OR 97204\n503.802.2032 -direct\n503.972.3732 -fax\nvictor@tonkon.com\nwww.tonkon.com\n\nThe information contained in this e-mail message may be privileged,\nconfidential, and protected from disclosure. ",
" If you are not the\nintended recipient, any dissemination, distribution, or copying is\nstrictly prohibited. ",
" If you think you have received this e-mail message\nin error, please e-mail the sender at victor@tonkon.com"
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"/*\nCopyright 2015 The Kubernetes Authors.",
"\n\nLicensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the \"License\");\nyou may not use this file except in compliance with the License.",
"\nYou may obtain a copy of the License at\n\n http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\n\nUnless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software\ndistributed under the License is distributed on an \"AS IS\" BASIS,\nWITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.",
"\nSee the License for the specific language governing permissions and\nlimitations under the License.",
"\n*/\n\n// Package limitwriter provides a writer that only allows a certain number of bytes to be\n// written.",
"\npackage limitwriter // import \"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/limitwriter\"\n"
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"Impact of continuing professional development versus traditional continuing pharmacy education on learning behaviors.",
"\nTo assess the effect of continuing professional development (CPD) on perceptions of learning behaviors compared with traditional continuing pharmacy education (CPE). ",
"Randomized controlled trial. ",
"Kaiser Permanente Colorado (KPCO) from August 2008 to June 2009. ",
"Licensed pharmacists employed at KPCO. ",
"After completing a basic CPD course, participants were randomized into a control group that continued with traditional CPE or an intervention group that completed three CPD workshops and used the CPD approach for their professional learning needs. ",
"At baseline and follow-up, all participants completed a study questionnaire on perceptions of their learning behaviors. ",
"Comparison of responses to questionnaire items at follow-up. ",
"100 pharmacists were enrolled. ",
"The intervention (n = 44; 7 lost to follow-up) and control (n = 47; 2 lost to follow-up) groups were similar at baseline. ",
"At follow-up, a higher percentage of intervention than control participants reported changing their learning behaviors/activities sometimes (41% vs. 0%, P < 0.01) or frequently/always (18% vs. 4%, P < 0.05). ",
"More intervention than control participants responded that they frequently/always participated in learning by doing (61% vs. 36%, P < 0.05), identified specific learning objectives (93% vs. 30%, P < 0.01), and documented their learning plan (82% vs. 13%, P < 0.01). ",
"A higher percentage of intervention than control participants responded that they adhered to their learning plan partially/to a large extent (80% vs. 15%, P < 0.01) and more than three-quarters of the intervention participants responded that they partially/to a large extent achieved their learning objectives ( P < 0.01). ",
"Pharmacists who adopted a CPD approach were more likely to report that various aspects of their learning behaviors improved as a result of education activities compared with pharmacists who participated in traditional CPE."
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"Neuropsychological status of bipolar I disorder: impact of psychosis.",
"\nThe presence of schizotypal personality traits in some people with bipolar disorder, together with reports of greater cognitive dysfunction in patients with a history of psychotic features compared with patients without such a history, raises questions about the nosological relationship between bipolar disorder with psychotic features and bipolar disorder without psychotic features. ",
"To test the impact of a history of DSM-IV-defined psychosis on the neuropsychological status of participants with bipolar disorder while statistically controlling for confounding factors such as mood, medication, alcohol misuse/dependence and childhood abuse, and to evaluate the impact of schizotypal personality traits (and thus potential vulnerability to psychotic illness) on the cognitive performance of people with bipolar disorder and their healthy relatives. ",
"Neuropsychological data were obtained for 25 participants with type I bipolar disorder and a history of psychosis, 24 with type I bipolar disorder but no history of psychosis and 61 unaffected relatives. ",
"Schizotypal traits were measured with the Schizotypal Personality Scale (STA). ",
"Childhood trauma was measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. ",
"The group with a history of psychosis performed significantly worse than the healthy relatives on measures of verbal working memory, cognitive flexibility and declarative memory. ",
"Nevertheless, the two bipolar disorder groups did not differ significantly from each other on any cognitive measure. ",
"Scores on the STA were negatively associated with verbal working and declarative memory, but positively associated with visual recall memory. '",
"Psychotic' and 'non-psychotic' subtypes of bipolar disorder may lie on a nosological continuum that is most clearly defined by verbal memory impairment."
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"Seize actrices noires ou métisses françaises ont répondu à l'appel de l'actrice Aïssa Maïga pour raconter les remarques racistes et sexistes qu’elles ont pu subire dans le milieu du cinéma. ",
"Regrettant que leur couleur de peau influence leur carrière, elles témoignent dans Noire n’est pas mon métier, livre paru le jeudi 3 mai.",
"\n\n« Heureusement que vous avez les traits fins\", « pas assez claire » ou « pas assez africaine », « tu as un corps de gazelle ». ",
"Ces phrases, elles les ont déjà toutes entendues sur des tournages de films français. ",
"Vivement critiqué pour son manque de représentation des noirs à l’écran, le cinéma français serait aussi néfaste pour la carrière des actrices noires. ",
"C’est ce dont témoignent seize d’entre elles dans le recueil Noire n'est pas mon métier, publié le 3 mai. ",
"Trop souvent écartées pour leur couleur de peau, leurs cheveux ou leur apparence, moins bien payées, subissant remarques méprisantes et propos racistes, elles dévoilent les coulisses du cinéma français comme on n’en parle pas assez.",
"\n\n« Des clichés hérités d'un autre temps »\n\nAïssa Maïga, Firmine Richard, France Zobda, Nadège Beausson-Diagne, Mata Gabin, Maïmouna Gueye, Eye Haïdara, Rachel Khan Sara Martins, Marie-Philomène Nga, Sabine Pakora, Sonia Rolland, Magaajyia Silberfeld, Shirley Souagnon, Assa Sylla et Karidja Touré sont des actrices françaises et ont toutes déjà été confrontées aux difficultés d’être une actrice noire ou métisse en France.",
"\n\nDans le prologue de Noire n’est pas mon métier, Aïssa Maïga, actrice dans Les Poupées russes ou encore L'Écume des jours, liste tout ce qui l'a poussé à rassembler « ce qui blesse ». « ",
"L'imaginaire des productions françaises est encore empreint de clichés hérités d'un autre temps », souligne l'actrice. « ",
"Notre présence dans les films français est encore trop souvent due à la nécessité incontournable ou anecdotique d'avoir un personnage noir », constate celle qui s'interroge sur la faible présence d'actrices noires « dans ce pays pourtant métissé qu'est la France ».",
"\n\nEt Aïssa Maïga a pu en faire les frais pour ce premier rôle dans une comédie romantique décroché il y a dix ans. « ",
"Le tournage se passe bien (…) Puis arrive le temps de la promotion ». ",
"L’actrice a ainsi la mauvaise surprise de se voir totalement écartée de la promo du film. ",
"Elle est effacée de l’affiche alors qu’elle détient le rôle principal féminin. « ",
"Je suis expulsée de l’affiche, je me vois devenir invisible et en plus je suis sommée de rester docile, pire, reconnaissante ». ",
"Seul le premier rôle masculin y apparaît et c’est un homme blanc, « seul héros qui peut être visible aux yeux du public pour la production », explique-t-elle.",
"\n\nDes rôles caricaturaux\n\nFirmine Richard n’avait pas prévu de devenir actrice. ",
"Elle travaille au Conseil Régional de Guadeloupe lorsqu’elle se voit proposer son premier rôle. ",
"À 40 ans, elle interprète l’un des rôles principaux de Romuald et Juliette aux côtés de Daniel Auteuil. ",
"Femme de ménage dans ce tout premier film, Firmine Richard s’est ensuite vu régulièrement proposer « des rôles d’infirmière ». ",
"Alors qu’« il y a aussi des chirurgiens, des chefs d’entreprise ou des avocats noirs (…) Dans la vie, on les rencontre, mais au cinéma, on ne les connaît pas ! », ",
"déplore l’actrice.",
"\n\nUne autre inégalité salariale\n\nEn plus de l’inégalité salariale entre les femmes et les hommes, il existe aussi une disparité salariale entre les femmes blanches et les femmes noires au cinéma. ",
"Firmine Richard a pu le constater lorsqu’elle a reçu son salaire pour « une comédie à succès » récente. ",
"Elle raconte avoir découvert qu’elle était 5 fois moins payée qu’une autre actrice blanche. « ",
"Nous étions quatre comédiennes principales. ",
"J’ai appris que l’une d’entre elles était payée cinq fois mieux que moi pour un nombre de jours de tournage équivalent. ",
"Elle-même était très choquée de découvrir la différence de salaire entre nous deux ».",
"\n\n«Mener le combat de la reconnaissance»\n\nPour contrer le fait que le cinéma français ne propose que certains rôles aux actrices noires et métisses françaises, France Zobda raconte avoir décidé de « mener le combat de la reconnaissance ». ",
"Le manque de visibilité des acteurs noirs à l’écran la pousse alors à passer du côté de la production. « ",
"J’ai mis mon métier d’actrice entre parenthèses, écrit-elle. ",
"Je préférais être en amont des projets et non plus en aval, comme le dernier maillon d’une chaîne sans fin. (…) ",
"Je voulais raconter enfin nos imaginaires, nos histoires, proposer un regard DE la diversité et non SUR la diversité ! ».",
"\n\nLorsqu’elle choisit de produire Toussaint Louverture, la productrice martiniquaise doit, cette fois, persuader les diffuseurs que les héros noirs méritent leur place à l’écran. « ",
"Il a fallu convaincre certaines personnes de l’intérêt de parler de l’histoire de ce \"héros noir\" en prime time sur une chaîne nationale. ",
"La réticence venait de la crainte que le public ne soit pas au rendez-vous, car pas prêt ! » ",
"explique la productrice.",
"\n\nAlors à quand une vraie représentation des noirs dans le cinéma français surtout lorsqu’Outre-Atlantique, Black Panther, premier film de super héros noir, multiplie les records au box-office, dépassant d'ores et déjà Titanic ?"
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"Waterfall Glen Forest Preserve\n\nWaterfall Glen Forest Preserve is a forest preserve in southern DuPage County. ",
"It is known for its waterfall, which actually is a dam, which is in its ravine. ",
"It completely surrounds Argonne National Laboratory. ",
"It is also home to a popular model airplane field, located in the southwest section of the forest preserve. ",
"Hikers can also make the interior trip to St. Patrick Cemetery nestled deep in the preserve. ",
"The 2,492-acre Waterfall Glen Forest Preserve in Darien is an ecological parcel of open space within the Forest Preserve District of DuPage County.",
"\nWaterfall Glen’s prairies, savannas, and oak-maple woodlands contain 740 native plant species, 75 percent of all the plants known to grow naturally in DuPage County. ",
"There are over 300 species of mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, and reptiles and another 300 of invertebrates use the forest preserve either year-round or during their migrations.",
"\n\nNatural History\nWaterfall Glen’s 773-acre Bluff Savanna, which roughly covers the southern part of the preserve between Argonne National Laboratory and the Des Plaines River. ",
"Waterfall Glen is one of highest ranked conservation areas in the county, it contains 422 native plant species, including one state threatened and 36 of special concern. ",
"Individual black and white oaks, shagbark and bitternut hickories, and black walnuts range from 180- to 215-years-old.",
"\nWith Waterfall Glen having older trees and being wooded birds like pileated woodpeckers, scarlet tanagers, ovenbirds, wood thrushes, broad-winged hawks, and barred owls, are attracted to the area and some species breed there. ",
"Ephemeral ponds make the savanna an essential habitat for salamanders and frogs.",
"\n\nHistory \nLong before Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet paddled the American Indians were living along the surrounding limestone bluffs, including today’s Signal Hill, which served as a communications vantage point.",
"\nBy the late 1800s, though, the Ward Brothers’ mill was turning out lumber on Sawmill Creek, and Edwin Walker’s three quarries were yielding tons of quality limestone for projects like the landmark Chicago Avenue Water Tower and Pumping Station. ",
"In 1925, the Forest Preserve District purchased its first 75 acres at Waterfall Glen, the Signal Hill and Rocky Glen areas. ",
"Rocky Glen soon became the site of the forest preserve’s well-known tiered falls, which the Civilian Conservation Corps constructed in the 1930s. ",
"In 1973, the forest preserve added over 2,200 acres of surplus land from the U.S. Bureau of Outdoor Recreation.",
"\n\nTrails \nThe main trail is 9.5 miles long, 8 feet wide and made of crushed limestone. ",
"Hikers, bicyclists, horseback riders and cross-country skiers can enjoy some of Waterfall Glen’s scenic areas via four mapped trails, which contain almost 11 miles of limestone- and turf-covered routes. ",
"Visitors on foot can explore the narrow, unmarked footpaths that crisscross through Waterfall Glen but should remember that these paths are not marked and may not meet with the marked paths.",
"\n\nSee also \nForest Preserve District of DuPage County\n\nReferences \n http://www.dupageforest.com/Conservation/Forest_Preserves/Waterfall_Glen.aspx\n\nExternal links \nReviews on Yelp\n\nCategory:Nature reserves in Illinois\nCategory:Darien, Illinois\nCategory:Protected areas of DuPage County, Illinois\nCategory:Forests of Illinois\nCategory:1925 establishments in Illinois\nCategory:Protected areas established in 1925"
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"Asynchronous Javascript and XML aka AJAX\n\nThis is an article on Asynchronous Javascript and XML aka AJAX in JavaScript and AJAX.",
"\n\nA look at how AJAX works\n\nThis tutorial will show you how ajax works and how to use it from a web developers standpoint. ",
"Ever wonder how things like G-Talk work? ",
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"it acomplishes this using ajax. ",
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"\n\nThis is where it all comes from, the ability to send and recieve data without reloading the page. ",
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"The second parameter is the filename of the page relative to the current directory. ",
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"\n\nxmlhttp.send passes variables to the script that you are calling, you'll notice that it passes them in almost exactly the same way as a url bar minus the '?'.",
"\n\nThe handler function gets called every time that xmlhttp changes state. ",
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"The last statement just closes the socket for later use.",
"\n\nUsing this as a basic model you can make an entire website live if you want to, or just find something fun to do with it.",
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"Treasury Ministers clinging to the wreckage of failed public sector pay policy\n\nCommenting on the recent statements by the Chancellor of the Exchequer on public sector pay and his claims of a 10% pay premium for public sector workers, Chris Keates, General Secretary of the NASUWT-the teachers’ union said:\n\n“Yet another Government minister seeks to promulgate misleading information in an attempt to mask the Government’s shameful record on public sector pay and the adverse impact of the unnecessary pay cap on workers delivering vital services to the public.",
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"Our final report from Primavera Sound 2012 features words on Sharon Van Etten, Jeff Mangum, Jamie xx, Forest Swords, Josh T. Pearson and a bunch more, as well as some closing thoughts from our writers in attendance.",
"\n\nSaturday is hot, the huge Parc del Fòrum site basking under a deep blue Mediterranean sky, festival-goers resplendent in shorts, sandals and sunglasses. ",
"It’s a typical June day in Barcelona, then, so it feels a little odd to be watching a song about forests in Kent that swirls and thrums with all the power and urgency of progressive British trad-folk at its finest. ",
"Even odder that those supplying it are Catalonia’s very own Anímic, a beloved local act who sing in both Catalan and English, mining traditions hundreds of years old in their cause.",
"\n\nLed by singers (and spouses) Ferran Palau (guitar) and Louise Sansom (ukulele), the band is based in Collbató, a small village at the foot of the nearby Montserrat (literally, serrated mountain), and favours a D.I.Y., self-produced approach which suits its music well. ",
"Tasked with opening the Pitchfork stage on the final day of the festival, they quickly draws a bigger crowd, and so they should: the set ranges from delicate, hushed balladry to storming maelstroms of sound – often within the same song – and the effect is rousing and powerful; traces of melancholy offset by unexpected, bracing power. (",
"JS)\n\nSharon Van Etten, San Miguel\n18.10\n\nSharon Van Etten is sullen. ",
"Stony-faced and clad entirely in black, 'This is the ugliest place I’ve ever been to,' she tells the crowd after a few songs, to be met by baffled cheers. ",
"Chalk it up to nerves, maybe, or exhaustion (this is the last stop on her current European tour): as the set wears on, her dry between-song banter becomes softer and actually quite endearing. ",
"Off the back of this year’s excellent Tramp LP, she comes armed with some bruised, brilliant material too, and a more than capable band to play it with (Heather Woods Broderick’s contribution on keys, guitars and backing vocals is particularly striking).",
"\n\nThe fiery ‘Serpents’ is introduced as “the first song I ever wrote on electric guitar,” (“I was angry, at the time” she adds), ‘Leonard’ is soaring, beautiful, ‘Ask’ likewise. ",
"Van Etten looks tiny up there, but hers is an assured, commanding presence, and the band hits the dronier, more unusual songs with clear relish. ‘",
"Love More’ doesn’t get an outing, sadly, but on the closing ‘I’m Wrong’, Broderick and Van Etten combine to wonderful effect. '",
"Go fucking swimming and listen to music,' she orders the crowd by way of farewell.",
"\n\n(Later on I catch the band play a few songs in an overflowing Ray-Ban Unplugged tent and Van Etten seems in far better spirits, discussing an exchange programme she did here while in high school and trying out her Spanish on the crowd. ",
"Not the most auspicious of starts then, but two great sets in one day isn’t bad going.) (",
"JS)\n\nJeff Mangum, Rockdelux (Auditori)\n19.15\n\nThe Auditori is a huge, almost futuristic concert hall, so when Jeff Mangum shuffles onto the stage and takes a seat next to a rack of acoustic guitars, it’s to his credit that he invites his audience to come sit closer. '",
"It doesn’t scare me,' he mumbles, and the crowd surges forward. ",
"It suddenly feels like an intimate event, and as he gets straight to business with a ragged, fervent rendition of ‘Two-Headed Boy’ the sense of wonder only grows.",
"\n\nMinus the fuzz, drums and horns, it’s remarkable how these songs not only hold up live, but sound so full, so raw, so strange yet so intuitive all at once. ",
"As far as concerts go, this is poles apart from last year’s appearance by Sufjan Stevens in the same venue. ",
"That was an extravaganza; this is a modest, plainspoken dude armed with a few battered guitars that sound for all the world like they’re emanating from an old practice amp somewhere out back.",
"\n\nThe crowd never really sing along as invited, Mangum is often inaudible between songs, and the whole thing really could use a bit more volume. ",
"But it is magical nonetheless; genuinely hypnotic. ",
"Alongside a few On Avery Island cuts, everything you could possibly want from In the Aeroplane Over the Sea is present and correct, and Mangum’s unassuming introductions ('This is a song called \"Holland\"') elicit audience-wide gasps of anticipation. ",
"Before I know it he’s ploughing through an epic ‘Oh Comely’, eyes bulging as he hits the long notes, his voice straining and buckling, the Auditori collectively holding its breath, and the show’s over. ",
"Again: magical. (",
"JS)\n\nForest Swords / Demdike Stare, ATP\n20.30, 21.45\n\nEarly evening Saturday is spent back on the ATP Stage, where the excellent double bill of Forest Swords and Demdike Stare bring a bit of early-evening hauntology. ",
"The atmosphere for the former’s set feels marginally diminished by the presence of sunlight, rendering the visuals projected onto the rear of the stage all but non-existent. ",
"Sonically though, Forest Swords’ set is wonderful – joined by a live bassist (although said bassist spends a lot of the set doing considerably more ‘vibing’ than he does bass playing) his music sound more organic and fluid that most laptop musicians out there. ",
"He plays a fair amount of new material which, in this live incarnation at least, adds slowed down garage beats to his dub-infused, atmospheric productions. ",
"To liken this new inclination towards slow-mo 2-step to Burial feels like way too much of a lazy comparison, but suffice to say Forest Swords is one of the few producers you can mention in the same breath as Hyperdub’s biggest export without having to bitterly mutter the word ‘imitator’ afterward.",
"\n\nDemdike Stare, on the other hand, aren’t blighted by daylight, which is fortunate as their well-compiled accompaniment of dated, out-of-context film footage is the star of their live show (without it, visually, they’re just two guys stood at laptops). ",
"The combination of these well-crafted visuals and the excellent, soundtrack-like drones and precise ambience of their music works perfectly however, and particularly sat in the muggy evening heat it’s a perfect mood-setter. (",
"ST)\n\nJosh T. Pearson, Rockdelux (Auditori)\n22.00\n\nA Josh T. Pearson show, as I’ve been told, is akin to seeing a stand-up comic. ",
"It’s kind of strange – his solemn, haunting songs unwind deliberately and powerfully, the demons that drove Last of the Country Gentlemen in full flight – but he’s funny, too, really infectiously funny, comfortable and at ease with the audience to the point where he’s cracking up himself, drawing from an arsenal of dirty jokes, desperately trying to regain composure before taking on another of his epic compositions.",
"\n\nThere are some, I’m sure, that aren’t in favour of this. ",
"Pearson probably spends as much time chatting as he does singing. ",
"In fact he’s even openly filling time towards the end of the show ('20 minutes…enough time for one more smash hit'), calling back to earlier jokes (blow jobs are the recurring theme of the evening), engaging with members of the audience, expressing his awe at the beauty of the Spanish public, accidentally revealing his hotel room number and reminiscing about playing shows in Hull, of all places. ",
"I’m personally all for it, and Pearson is even on record as considering it an essential part of his performance. ",
"Gentlemen is an absorbing, singular (quite terrific) listen, but man, it is a heavy one too, and leavening the set with his unique brand of humour renders the crowd all smiles as it filters out of the Auditori, two standing ovations later. ",
"Exceptional stuff. (",
"JS)\n\nThe Weeknd, Pitchfork\n00.30\n\nTonight’s main event, for me, is the European debut of Abel Tesfaye’s dark r&b project the Weeknd. ",
"There was always going to be a fair amount of danger involved in bringing Tesfaye’s faceless, regret-tainted tales of drug consumption and partying into the live arena. ",
"Stripped of layers of online anonymity and production sheen the Weeknd becomes a different beast entirely, but fortunately it’s one that is no less enticing. ",
"Reports of Tesfaye’s early live outings at Coachella suggested an occasional lack of confidence as a performer, but by the time they reach Barcelona – despite having only a handful of shows under their belt – he and his crowdsourced backing band are one of the slickest operations at the festival.",
"\n\nAs the chorus of opening number ‘High For This’ kicks in the band flood the Pitchfork Stage system with a huge wave of bass – so much so that it appears to trip the stage’s limiter and the power cuts out. ",
"We lose the second half of that song but the band return quickly (unfortunately at a noticeably lower volume) to run through an assortment of tracks from last year’s trilogy of free albums. ",
"Tesfaye’s voice is note perfect throughout; his ‘Dirty Diana’ rework is just as enjoyable as you’d hope it to be, while ‘The Morning’ becomes a bizarrely upbeat singalong and proves to be a highlight. ‘",
"Urban’ music and live guitars are rarely entirely comfortable bedfellows (see also: every rap/rock record ever), but in this case the Weeknd’s sound benefits nicely from the slight added punch, particularly on the thunderous, climactic ‘House Of Balloons/Glass Table Girls’, which comes complete with added drum solo. (",
"ST)\n\nClosing Thoughts\n\nSi Truss\n\nIt says a lot when a festival can have this many high-profile cancellations (Björk, El-P, Death Grips, Ultramagnetic MCs, Sleep, the Melvins) and still be utterly fantastic. ",
"In terms of its well-balanced, interesting line-up, this year’s Primavera had it nailed – enough to happily fill each evening with acts you can genuinely look forward to watching, an eclectic mix of genres and all nicely paced: building from early evening acoustic acts to late night dance music. ",
"It’s hard to pin down in words exactly why (the weather, atmosphere, lack of camping, queue-free bars and Barcelona in general would all be factors) but having sampled a fairly hefty selection of festivals over the past decade, this was – arguably – the best yet. ",
"Not since my first trip to ATP (a good six years ago), have I come back from a festival so certain I’d definitely be attending the next edition. ",
"Fair play Primavera.",
"\n\nJames Skinner\n\nThis was my third time at Primavera Sound for DiS, and, not coincidentally, my third year living here in Barcelona. ",
"It was by far my favourite of the three editions, despite having to move house during the festival, in some horrendous yet unavoidable timing. (",
"Hence not so many words from me on Friday; I did watch the Cure and a few others, but was more than content to meet up with old friends and quaff cheap beer.) ",
"Also, the first thing I did on Thursday was sit on a panel entitled ‘How Tastemakers Can Globalise Your Music’ as part of PrimaveraPro, a series of conferences that runs alongside the main event at the Hotel Diagonal Zero, just next to the Parc del Fòrum. ",
"It was the first time I’d sat on a panel, I had a ton of things I’d like to have said and the wise words of Messrs. Sean Adams and Mike Diver ringing in my ears, but to be honest it didn’t go brilliantly, the billed President of Pitchfork was a no-show, and by the time I felt like I was finally saying something that might have been worth listening to we had to finish.",
"\n\nBut: the sprawling Parc del Fòrum site felt less crowded and more relaxed than it has of late, the weather was typically brilliant, the food and bars were much better than the last two years, and, apart from hearing some pretty rough tales of Jeff Mangum’s ticketed Friday performance starting when the majority of the crowd were still waiting to enter the Auditori, it seems the organisers went for their biggest year yet and pulled it off relatively hitch-free – not to mention a whole new festival in the shape of Portugal’s Optimus Primavera Sound, taking place as I write this under the watchful eye of Andrzej Lukowski.",
"\n\nFinally, to echo Si, the line-up was as tremendous and varied as ever, even with those high-profile absences: from Jaff Mangum to M83, Refused and Josh T. Pearson to name but four (as well as strong showings from local acts John Talabot and Anímic) the whole thing was stacked with memorable performances. ",
"Here’s one more review, which wraps things up pretty fine:\n\nThe final few hours at Parc Del Forum provide the festival’s best selection of late-night DJs. ",
"Jamie xx kicks things off on the Vice Stage in pleasing style. ",
"It’s easy to criticise the young beatmaker’s DJ sets for a slight level of predictability (you can bank on some classic house, and it’s no surprise when he slides into garage two-thirds of the way in), but he certainly knows how to put together an excellent party set, and mixes it all with skill. ",
"Dropping ‘Music Sounds Better With You’ within the first 15 minutes of a set is a big move. ",
"We leave before the end to spend an all-too-short half-hour in the company of the ever reliable Numbers collective – it’s long enough to catch Deadboy playing some lovely synth-heavy tunes – but we opt to end the night in the company of Hotflush boss Scuba (although I’m reliably informed that Oneman did a superb job of wrapping things up). ",
"Over on the Ray-Band Stage Scuba makes the most of the powerful soundsystem in exactly the manner you’d expect from a man who’s spent the past few years living in Berlin. ",
"His techno-leaning set slowly evolves to bring out the more playful side he showcased on his recent third album Personality. ",
"Joy Orbison’s ‘Ellipsis’ and Boddika’s VIP mix of ‘Mercy’ are crowd pleasers, but when Scuba ends his set just after 6am by dropping his own, Nineties rave-flavoured ‘NE1BUTU’ at the precise moment the sun rises over the Barcelona shoreline, it’s hard to imagine a more perfect end to a festival. (",
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"Q:\n\nLocation conversion\n\nIf I have a location in the following format:\nN51 46.981 W1 36.145\n\nIs there an easy way to convert this to latitude / longitude? ",
"It doesn't really matter what it's written in as I need to run a script to convert a fair few of these. ",
"Ideally I would do it in a Excel / Numbers spreadsheet. ",
"My attempts recently came from using the MID command in Excel to grab the data into the following:\n51:46:981\n01:36:145\n\nAnd then multiply them by 24 to get a latitude or longitude value. ",
"I'm fairly confident that this is incorrect as it seemed to lose accuracy. ",
"Is there an easier way of doing this?",
"\nUsing google maps and searching for the first value above I get the result:\n51.783017, -1.602417\n\nThis is essentially what I am looking for.",
"\n\nA:\n\nThe formula for the first one for example is 51.783017 = 51 + 46.981/60.",
"\nIncluding the numbers extraction from the original string, the corresponding formulae in Excel could look like this (I am not using mid as the number of digits are not known: the degrees could be 1 to 3 figures for example):\n\nAnd the results are:\n\n"
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"\n800 P.2d 698 (1990)\nIn re the MARRIAGE OF Tom GERHART, Petitioner and Respondent, and\nB.J. Gerhart, Respondent and Appellant.",
"\nNo. ",
"90-188.",
"\nSupreme Court of Montana.",
"\nSubmitted on Brief October 3, 1990.",
"\nDecided November 8, 1990.",
"\n*699 Daniel L. Falcon, Matteucci & Falcon, P.C., Great Falls, for respondent and appellant.",
"\nKeith Tokerud, Scott & Tokerud, Great Falls, for petitioner and respondent.",
"\nHARRISON, Justice.",
"\nIn December of 1989, the Cascade County District Court entered a decree of dissolution of the marriage of Tom Gerhart and B.J. Gerhart. ",
"B.J. appeals from the property settlement. ",
"We affirm.",
"\nThe issues for review are:\n1. ",
"Whether the District Court clearly abused its discretion by failing to offer a coherent plan regarding distribution of the marital property.",
"\n2. ",
"Whether the District Court created a reversible inequity by failing to value or divide interest accumulated from the parties' joint investments between the date of valuation and the date of actual division.",
"\n3. ",
"Whether the District Court abused its discretion by accepting valuations which were erroneous and inaccurate.",
"\n4. ",
"Whether it is appropriate for the District Court to consider temporary maintenance as an asset of the marital estate.",
"\nTom filed a petition for dissolution and a hearing was held on January 16, 1989. ",
"The District Court issued its findings of fact, conclusions of law, and order on December 7, 1989. ",
"In this order, the District Court awarded B.J. (1) all of the her pre-marital assets; (2) all of the inheritances she received during the marriage; (3) all the gain realized during the marriage on her pre-marital assets and inheritances; and (4) forty percent of the gain during the marriage from the ranching operation that Tom brought to the marriage. ",
"The District Court also *700 awarded B.J. maintenance of $250 per month for five years and $7,500 for attorney's and accountant's fees. ",
"B.J. entered post-trial motions with the District Court December 26, 1989, citing numerous alleged errors by the District Court. ",
"A hearing was held on March 2, 1990 on B.J.'s post-trial motions. ",
"All motions were denied except one which cited a typographical error. ",
"Thereafter, on March 5, 1990, the District Court entered its final judgment and decree from which B.J. now appeals. ",
"We affirm.",
"\nTom and B.J. were married in Great Falls, Montana, April 10, 1976. ",
"No children were born during the marriage nor was B.J. pregnant at the time of the dissolution proceeding.",
"\nB.J., age 60 at the date of dissolution, is of average good health. ",
"B.J. completed high school and two years of college. ",
"She most recently worked in the pharmacy of the Great Falls Clinic for fifteen years. ",
"Prior to that job she had worked in commercial establishments in Portland, Oregon.",
"\nTom was 54 at the date of dissolution. ",
"Tom had begun ranching south of Belt, Montana in 1963 and has continued ranching to the present date.",
"\nTom testified that the parties had been separated on and off for several years before 1987, when they did finally separate on September 30, 1987. ",
"Tom filed a petition for dissolution in June, 1987.",
"\nIn its findings of fact, the District Court considered the parties' health and station in life. ",
"The District Court also considered the parties' property on the date of the marriage as well as the parties' property acquired during the marriage and said property on their date of separation.",
"\nB.J.'s accountant testified at trial that the marital estate had gained $221,800 during the marriage. ",
"The District Court rejected this value because the analysis was not based on the change in fair market value of the assets nor did it consider B.J.'s income or inheritance during the marriage. ",
"Tom's accountant, on the other hand, contended that the marital gain was $100,882.98. ",
"The District Court found the gain in the marital estate during the marriage to be $154,986.",
"\nAdditional facts will be discussed as needed.",
"\nAs her first assignment of error, B.J. claims the District Court abused its discretion in distributing property of the marital estate. ",
"Specifically, B.J. claims the \"division fails to have any reasonable clarity and is plagued by internal conflicts and discrepancies. ",
"As a result it is not possible to determine how the marital estate was in fact divided.\"",
"\nConflicting evidence was before the District Court in the present case. ",
"When confronted with conflicting evidence, the court must use its fact-finding powers to determine which evidence is more credible. ",
"Having had the opportunity to observe the witnesses, the trial court is in a position superior to that of the appellate court to judge the credibility of the testimony. ",
"In re the Custody of Holm (1985), 215 Mont. 413, 418, 698 P.2d 414, 417. ",
"Absent a clear abuse of discretion by the trial judge, this Court will not overturn the distribution of marital property. ",
"In re the Marriage of Dirnberger (1989), 237 Mont. 398, 401, 773 P.2d 330, 332.",
"\nSection 40-4-202, MCA, sets forth factors which the court must consider when making a distribution of marital property. ",
"However,\nWhile articulation of these factors is encouraged, the absence of specific findings does not automatically warrant remand:\n\"It is not the lack of specific findings which constitute reversible error, but the lack of substantial evidence to support the judgment. ",
"We look both to the District Court's express reasoning and the evidence in the record to determine whether ample evidence exists.\"",
"\nIn re the Marriage of Hundtoft (1987), 225 Mont. 242, 244, 732 P.2d 401, 402, quoting In re the Marriage of Peterson (1984), 211 Mont. 118, 683 P.2d 1304. ",
"The lower court need not articulate each factor separately *701 as long as the findings are sufficient to allow nonspeculative review by this Court.",
"\nOur ultimate test for adequacy of findings of fact is whether they are sufficiently comprehensive and pertinent to the issues to provide a basis for decision, and whether they are supported by the evidence presented.",
"\nIn re the Marriage of Jensen (Mont. 1981), 631 P.2d 700, 703, 38 St.Rep. 1109, 1113. ",
"On review, this Court examines both the trial court's express reasoning as well as the evidence in the record.",
"\nB.J. contended the gain in the marital estate was $221,800 while Tom contended the gain to be $100,882.98. ",
"The court considered the testimony from each party's expert, rejected both valuations and found the gain in the marital estate to be $154,986. ",
"The court then awarded B.J. forty percent of this gain to be paid out of a joint investment fund made up of proceeds from the sale of cattle from the ranch. ",
"We have held that a district court is free to find a value for marital property within the range of evidence submitted. ",
"In re the Marriage of Kramer (1987), 229 Mont. 476, 747 P.2d 865. ",
"Here the District Court valued the marital gain to be $154,986. ",
"The value is well within the range of evidence submitted and was thoughtfully arrived at by the District Court.",
"\nWe find no error. ",
"The District Court valued the marital gain, awarded B.J. forty percent of this gain and provided her a way to get it, namely out of the joint investment fund. ",
"We find that this valuation and distribution is equitable and quite coherent. ",
"The record reflects the fact that the District Court considered the factors set out in § 40-4-202, MCA, when making the distribution of marital assets. ",
"Furthermore, the distribution plan is plain, simple, short and clear. ",
"Upon review, it is apparent that the trial judge attempted to value the marital estate and to distribute the property equitably and to support his distribution with adequate findings. ",
"We find no abuse of discretion and uphold the District Court's valuation and distribution of the marital gain.",
"\nAs her second assignment of error, B.J. claims the District Court erred by failing to value or divide interest accumulated from the parties' joint investment between the date of valuation and the date of actual division.",
"\nThe District Court valued the marital estate as of September, 1987 and specifically valued the marital gain as totalling $154,986. ",
"Thereafter, the District Court entered its dissolution decree on December 7, 1989 and awarded B.J. forty percent of the marital gain to be paid out of the parties' joint investment fund. ",
"At this point note that B.J. was not awarded rights to the joint investment fund but rather was awarded forty percent of the marital gain to be paid out of the joint investment fund. ",
"From September, 1987 until December, 1989, the parties' joint investments, which totalled $68,874.71 as of September 1987, accrued interest of over $10,000. ",
"B.J. argues, without citing any case law or statutory authority, that she is entitled to an equitable portion of this accumulated prejudgment interest on the joint investment fund. ",
"We disagree.",
"\nThe correct rule in this jurisdiction is that interest is not allowable until the exact amount due is ascertained or is ascertainable. ",
"Daly v. Swift & Co. (1931), 90 Mont. 52, 300 P. 265. ",
"In this case, the amount due B.J. was not ascertained (or ascertainable) until December 7, 1989, when the District Court entered its decree. ",
"Therefore, interest is allowable only from December 7, 1989. ",
"We hold that no reversible inequity exists in the record regarding prejudgment interest.",
"\nB.J.'s third assignment of error is whether the District Court abused its discretion by accepting a number of valuations which were erroneous and inaccurate. ",
"B.J. first argues that the depreciation method used by Tom to value his machinery and equipment was fatally flawed in that the method only considered depreciation during the marriage rather than depreciation during the entire life of the machinery and equipment.",
"\nSpecifically, B.J. points out that the District Court valued Tom's \"PTO baler\" on *702 the date of marriage, in 1976, for the same amount Tom had originally paid for it in 1963. ",
"B.J. contends that this constitutes an abuse of discretion of the District Court. ",
"We disagree.",
"\nAt trial, Tom testified without contradiction that he purchased the baler in 1963, at cost, for $2,700 while its fair market value was $4,500. ",
"Tom further testified that in 1976, as of the date of the marriage, the baler then had a fair market value of $2,700. ",
"However, by 1987, ranchers had switched to the new round balers, and Tom and his expert both testified that the obsolete \"PTO baler\" was only worth $150. ",
"As such, the record reflects that the depreciation method used by Tom considered depreciation during the entire life of the machinery and equipment. ",
"There was no abuse of discretion. ",
"B.J. next states that \"This erroneous method of depreciation was apparently implemented by Tom on all machinery purchased prior to the marriage.\" ",
"We find no evidence in the record which supports this claim.",
"\nB.J. alleges other errors in the District Court's findings. ",
"In short, we have reviewed the entire record before us and find that there is no credible evidence to substantiate any of her claims that the District Court abused its discretion. ",
"We affirm the District Court.",
"\nAs her fourth and last assignment of error, B.J. asserts that the District Court erred by considering temporary maintenance as a marital asset. ",
"The District Court ordered Tom to pay $750 per month to B.J. during the course of the divorce because she had access to only her funds. ",
"At a later date the District Court found that B.J.'s share of the property division should be reduced by the amount of this temporary maintenance paid by Tom. ",
"Accordingly, the District Court reduced B.J.'s share of the property division by $20,250. ",
"B.J. claims this was a reversible error because, in so doing, the District Court was essentially treating temporary maintenance as an asset of the marital estate.",
"\nB.J. cites In re the Marriage of Lundvall (Mont. 1990), 786 P.2d 10, 47 St.Rep. 173, for the proposition that temporary maintenance payments cannot be considered as a marital asset. ",
"This is not what we held in Lundvall. ",
"In Lundvall we said that one of the factors the court should consider when making a maintenance award is whether the spouse seeking the award \"will receive sufficient property to provide for the spouse's needs (§ 40-4-203(1)(a), MCA), the term `sufficient property' means income-producing, not income consuming.\" ",
"Lundvall at 12, 47 St.Rep. at 175. ",
"We then characterized the \"asset\" of temporary maintenance already received by the wife as not income-producing. ",
"Accordingly, we said that the total amount of temporary maintenance received by the wife from the husband is not to be considered a marital asset when making a maintenance award. ",
"In this case, the District Court was making a property distribution and charged B.J. for the property already received in the form of temporary maintenance payments. ",
"We hold that this was an equitable arrangement and not an abuse of discretion on the part of the District Court. ",
"The District Court is hereby affirmed.",
"\nTURNAGE, C.J., and BARZ, HUNT and WEBER, JJ., ",
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[
"1. ",
"Introduction\n===============\n\nFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autoinflammatory disorder characterized by serositis and recurrent high fever. ",
"In typical cases, fever lasts for 1 to 3 days, and abdominal and chest pain are caused by serositis. ",
"Recurrent inflammation may result in secondary amyloidosis, but administration of colchicine improves the symptoms in over 80% of patients with FMF.^\\[[@R1]\\]^ FMF is a relatively rare disease with autosomal recessive inheritance and *familial Mediterranean fever* (*MEFV*) gene mutations in exons 10 and 2.^\\[[@R2]\\]^\n\nAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) is an autoantibody against antigens present in the neutrophil cytoplasm and is associated with a form of small vessel vasculitis known as ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). ",
"It is also well known that propylthiouracil (PTU) induces ANCA production. ",
"In fact, it has been indicated that the abnormal conformation and impaired degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induced by PTU leads to ANCA production and AAV.^\\[[@R3]--[@R5]\\]^ Other reports have showed that patients with FMF were ANCA-positive and that NETs were related to the activity of FMF.^\\[[@R6]--[@R8]\\]^ Here, we report a case of ANCA-positive FMF with numbness during PTU treatment.",
"\n\n2. ",
"Case report\n==============\n\nA 41-year-old man presented to a local hospital with upper and lower extremity motor disturbances in 2014. ",
"Based on a mild reduction in nerve conduction velocity, he was diagnosed with polyneuropathy. ",
"In 2016, he experienced 3 episodes of pleurisy with fever (body temperature \\>38°C) at 2-month intervals. ",
"Because he was both myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA and proteinase-3 (PR3)-ANCA-positive, he was referred to our hospital in June 2017. ",
"His family history was unremarkable and he had no history of drinking. ",
"However, the patient had smoked 20 cigarettes per day for 25 years. ",
"His medication included 50 mg/day losartan and 5 mg/day amlodipine for hypertension. ",
"Since 2006, he had also been treated with 100 mg/day PTU for hyperthyroidism. ",
"His laboratory test results during the first visit were as follows: white blood cell count, 3980/μL; C-reactive protein (CRP), 1.39 mg/dL; MPO-ANCA, 10.20 EU/L; and PR3-ANCA, 6.76 EU/L. PTU-associated AAV was suspected at that time, and PTU was discontinued. ",
"After discontinuation of PTU, CRP levels normalized, but the numbness did not improve.",
"\n\nIn November 2017, he was admitted to our hospital with chest pain and high fever. ",
"His body temperature was 37.8°C and blood pressure was 158/109 mm Hg. ",
"His consciousness was clear, and he had no signs of neurological, respiratory, or abdominal involvement. ",
"Pleural friction rubs were not heard. ",
"Manual muscle strength testing was normal. ",
"Laboratory findings on admission were as follows: white blood cell count, 6760/μL; CRP, 8.65 mg/dL; creatine kinase, 512 U/L; PR3-ANCA, 6.88 IU/mL; and MPO-ANCA, 12.7 IU/mL. Computed tomography showed longitudinal enlargement of the mediastinal lymph nodes and pleural effusion, indicating pleurisy.",
"\n\nAfter admission, his fever and chest pain improved, and CRP levels decreased spontaneously. ",
"As his clinical course was consistent with a major Livneh criterion (typical attack with unilateral pleuritis), he was diagnosed with FMF.^\\[[@R9]\\]^ Genetic analysis also revealed compound heterozygous mutations in exon 2 of the *MEFV* gene (L110P/E148Q).",
"\n\nAfter initiation of 0.5 mg/day colchicine, his numbness improved, and CRP levels declined to a normal range in March (Fig. [",
"1](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Fever did not recurrent after the administration of colchicine.",
"\n\n{#F1}\n\n3. ",
"Discussion\n=============\n\nWe have described the successful treatment of a patient with ANCA-positive FMF whose numbness improved after the administration of colchicine.",
"\n\nANCA production might be induced in patients with FMF. ",
"ANCA is a promising biomarker for AAV diagnosis, but is sometimes found in other diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, interstitial pneumonia, and infectious endocarditis.^\\[[@R10]--[@R12]\\]^ Although the mechanism of ANCA production is not fully understood, a previous report suggested that NETs are involved in ANCA production.^\\[[@R4]\\]^ NETs play an important role in defense against infection, and as chromatin in the nucleus released from activated neutrophils,^\\[[@R13]\\]^ exposure of intracellular antigens such as MPO might induce ANCA production.^\\[[@R14]\\]^ A recent report showed that neutrophils in peripheral blood of patients with FMF excrete NETs in the thermophilic phase,^\\[[@R6]\\]^ and other reports identify patients with ANCA-positive FMF.^\\[[@R7],[@R8]\\]^ Therefore, ANCA production may also be induced in patients with FMF via NETs.",
"\n\nANCA may have caused vasculitis in the present patient, and the administration of colchicine improved the neurological symptoms in this case. ",
"Although a previous report described neurological symptoms in patients with FMF, these were mainly caused by amyloidosis and were irreversible with poor therapeutic efficacy.^\\[[@R15]\\]^ On the other hand, nervous system manifestations are a common symptom in AAV.^\\[[@R16]\\]^ Interestingly, a previous report showed that PTU affected vasculitis development via disordered NETs.^\\[[@R17]\\]^ Therefore, patients with FMF who take PTU may develop small vessel vasculitis via disordered NETs.",
"\n\nIn conclusion, the appearance of ANCA and vasculitis development should be considered in the clinical course of patients with FMF.",
"\n\nAuthor contributions\n====================\n\n**Conceptualization:** Sorato Segoe, Ken-ei Sada, Keigo Hayashi.",
"\n\n**Data curation:** Sorato Segoe, Ken-ei Sada, Keigo Hayashi.",
"\n\n**Project administration:** Ken-ei Sada.",
"\n\n**Supervision:** Ken-ei Sada, Jun Wada.",
"\n\n**Writing -- original draft:** Sorato Segoe, Ken-ei Sada, Keigo Hayashi.",
"\n\n**Writing -- review & editing:** Sorato Segoe, Ken-ei Sada, Yuriko Yamamura, Haruki Watanabe, Michiko Morishita, Yoshinori Matsumoto, Jun Wada.",
"\n\nAbbreviations: AAV = antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis, ANCA = antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, CRP = C-reactive protein, FMF = familial Mediterranean fever, *MEFV* = *familial Mediterranean fever* gene, MPO = myeloperoxidase, NETs = neutrophil extracellular traps, PR3 = proteinase-3, PTU = propylthiouracil.",
"\n\nSource of Funding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.",
"\n\nPatient consent: Written informed consent for this case report was obtained from the patient.",
"\n\nJ.W. received a speaker honorarium from Daiichi Sankyo, MSD, Tanabe Mitsubishi, and Taisho Toyama, and receives grant support from Baxter, Dainippon Sumitomo, Ono, and Teijin Pharma. ",
"K.S. received a speaker honorarium from Chugai. ",
"Y.M. receives grant support from Mochida, Astellas, Kissei, Taisho, and Kobayashi Pharma. ",
"The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.",
"\n"
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"\nGonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in depot form for once-a-month rather than daily injection was examined in a small open trial to determine the extent of reduction of premenstrual symptoms, particularly premenstrual \"depression.\" ",
"Women who met criteria for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or for PMS with comorbidity of major depression (MD), based on DSM-III-R criteria, were evaluated for the study. ",
"Evaluation included Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, administered in the follicular phase, and Daily Symptom Report (DSR), maintained throughout the study. ",
"Seven PMS subjects and two subjects who met the severity and change criteria for PMS but had concurrent MD were administered 3.75 mg of depot leuprolide monthly. ",
"Symptom change as reported on the DSR was compared with the untreated baseline scores. ",
"Six of seven PMS subjects had cessation of menses and significant decreases in premenstrual symptoms (p < .0001), which were reduced to their follicular phase levels. ",
"Physical symptoms of swelling and breast tenderness were among the most improved symptoms. ",
"Despite cessation of menses, the two MD subjects showed little improvement in premenstrual symptoms and no improvement in depressive symptoms. ",
"The premenstrual depression scores decreased almost completely in the PMS subjects, but increased slightly in the MD subjects. ",
"This small open trial suggests that GnRH agonist therapy reduces premenstrual symptoms including \"depression\" in women who meet criteria for PMS but not in women with PMS and MD. ",
"Further controlled study of the role of ovarian function in mood disorders is needed."
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"Order of British Columbia\n\nThe Order of British Columbia () is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of British Columbia. ",
"Instituted in 1989 by Lieutenant Governor David Lam, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier Bill Vander Zalm, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to honour current or former British Columbia residents for conspicuous achievements in any field, being thus described as the highest honour amongst all others conferred by the British Columbia Crown.",
"\n\nStructure and appointment\nThe Order of British Columbia, which evolved out of and replaced the earlier Order of the Dogwood, is intended to honour any current or former longtime resident of British Columbia who has demonstrated a high level of individual excellence and achievement in any field, demonstrating the \"greatest distinction and excell[ence] in any field of endeavour benefiting the people of the Province or elsewhere.\" ",
"Only those who are elected or appointed members of a governmental body are ineligible as long as they hold office. ",
"There are no limits on how many can belong to the order or be inducted at one time.",
"\n\nThe process of finding qualified individuals begins with submissions from the public to the Order of British Columbia's advisory council, which consists of the Chief Justice of British Columbia, who serves as the Chair; the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly; a president, in turn, of one of British Columbia's public universities, for a two-year term; the President of the Union of British Columbia Municipalities; the Deputy Minister of Intergovernmental Relations; and two Members of the order. ",
"This committee then meets once yearly to make its selected recommendations to the lieutenant governor. ",
"Posthumous nominations are not accepted, though an individual who dies after his or her name was submitted to the advisory council can still be retroactively made a Member of the Order of British Columbia. ",
"The lieutenant governor, ex officio a Member and the Chancellor of the Order of British Columbia, then makes all appointments into the fellowship's single grade of membership by an Order in Council that bears the viceroyal sign-manual and the Great Seal of the province; thereafter, the new Members are entitled to use the post-nominal letters OBC.",
"\n\nInsignia\n\nUpon admission into the Order of British Columbia, in a ceremony held at Government House in Victoria, new Members are presented with the order's insignia. ",
"The main badge consists of a gold medallion in the form of a stylized flower of the Pacific Dogwood—the official provincial flower—with the obverse in white enamel with gold edging, and bearing at its centre the escutcheon of the arms of British Columbia, all surmounted by a St. Edward's Crown symbolizing the Canadian monarch's role as the fount of honour. ",
"The ribbon is patterned with vertical stripes in green, white, blue, and gold, reflecting the colours within the provincial coat of arms; men wear the medallion suspended from this ribbon at the collar, while women carry theirs on a ribbon bow at the left chest. ",
"Members will also receive for wear on casual clothing a lapel pin, appearing as a smaller enamel Dogwood flower capped by a crown.",
"\n\nInductees\nPast appointments include:\n\n Bryan Guy Adams , Grammy Award winning musician and photographer, appointed 1990\n Unity Bainbridge, artist and poet, appointed 1993\n Michael Conway Baker , composer, appointed 1997\n Dr. Geoffrey Ballard , geophysicist and businessman, appointed 2003\n Dave Barrett , BC's first NDP Premier, appointed 2012\n Brigadier Henry Pybus Bell-Irving , Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia, appointed 1990\nLeon Bibb, musician and actor, appointed 2009\n Peter M. Brown , financier, appointed 2003\n Frank Arthur Calder , first aboriginal Canadian elected to any Canadian legislature, appointed 2004\n Gordon Campbell , three-term Premier of British Columbia, appointed 2011\n Raffi Cavoukian , children's entertainer, appointed 2001\n Jeneece Edroff , philanthropist, appointed 2010 \n Lance Finch , former Chief Justice of British Columbia, appointed 2017\n Lori Fung Methorst , Olympic gymnast, appointed 1990\n Garde Basil Gardom , Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia, appointed 2002\n Gordon Gibson , politician, columnist, and author, appointed 2008\n Nancy Catherine Greene , Senator and Olympic alpine skier, appointed 2004\n Richard M. Hansen , paraplegic athlete and activist, appointed 1990\n Walter Hardwick , teacher and deputy minister of education, appointed 1997\n Tara Singh Hayer , Indo Canadian Newspaper publisher, appointed 1995 \n Edward John Hughes , artist, appointed 2005\n Dr Robert Joseph, OBC, Hereditary Chief of the Gwawaenuk First Nation, and Ambassador for Reconciliation Canada, appointed 2015\n Douglas Jung , first Chinese Canadian federal Member of Parliament, appointed 1997\n Mary Kitagawa , educator\n Joy Kogawa , author and poet, appointed 2006\n Diana Jean Krall , jazz musician, appointed 2000\n Peter Anthony Larkin , fisheries scientist, appointed 1996\n Robert H. Lee , real estate executive and philanthropist, appointed 1990\n Robert Italo Lenarduzzi , coach of Canadian Olympic and national soccer teams, appointed 2005\n Trevor Linden , professional hockey player, appointed 2003\n Clarence Louie , Chief of the Osoyoos Indian Band, appointed 2004\n Sarah Ann McLachlan , musician, singer, and songwriter, appointed 2001\n Kenneth McVay , internet activist, appointed 1995\n James Mavor Moore , writer, producer, critic, and educator, appointed 1999\n Stephen John Nash , National Basketball Association player, appointed 2006\n Wally Oppal , former Attorney General of British Columbia and Justice of British Columbia Court of Appeal, appointed 2017\n Sophie Pierre , Chief of St. Mary's Indian Band and commissioner for the BC Treaty Commission, appointed 1994\n Derek Porter-Nesbitt , Olympic rower, appointed 1996\n Martin Schechter , HIV/AIDS scientist, appointed 1994\n David Sidoo , CFL player, philanthropist, alleged criminal, appointed 2016\n Ernest Alvia Smith , last living Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross, appointed 2002\n Michael Smith , UBC scientist and BC's first Nobel Prize winner, appointed 1994\n David Takayoshi Suzuki , environmentalist and science broadcaster, appointed 1995\n Susan Tatoosh, Indigenous leader, appointed 2019\n Arthur Vickers (artist) , artist, storyteller and philanthropist, appointed 2008\n Peter Wing , first mayor of Chinese descent in North America, appointed 1990\n Tamara Taggart, former Canadian news anchor\n\nSee also\n Canadian order of precedence (decorations and medals)\n Symbols of British Columbia\n State decoration\n\nExternal links\nThe Order of British Columbia Webpage\n\nReferences\n\nCategory:British Columbia awards\nCategory:Provincial and territorial orders of Canada\n*"
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[
"Do you remember the joke about the Irish brewery worker who drowned in a vat of suds? “",
"Poor Sean,” the new widow said upon learning her husband’s fate, “He didn’t stand a chance.” “",
"Oh, I wouldn’t say that, Mrs. Reilly,” replies the foreman. “",
"He did crawl out three times to use the bathroom.”",
"\n\nThe Republic of Ireland has just voted, by a commanding and unprecedented popular vote, to establish “gay marriage” in its territory. ",
"The world, and the Irish themselves, who generally look at themselves from the viewpoint of the foreigner in a sad kind of “double consciousness,” will not fail to read the message: “Catholic Ireland’s dead and gone, it’s with De Valera in the grave.”",
"\n\nThe coverage of the vote holds it up as an occasion of joy, of national pride, of a new era in an old country. ",
"I am sure there are some who use these expressions sincerely. ",
"Modern westerners usually think of life in this world in therapeutic terms. ",
"Matters of what is sometimes called “private” morality are decided entirely in terms of the question, “How will this make me feel?” ",
"while matters of “public” morality are submitted to a utilitarian calculus the numbers of which are usually undefined or unsatisfactory, boiling down to something like, “How will such-and-such a measure affect public health?” ",
"These are the only questions one can ask, if one inhabits an impoverished world where goodness and truth, happiness and justice, are taken for mere “subjective” projections onto the wandering atoms of the universe. ",
"But this diagnosis is not my interest today, because it cannot wholly explain the queer elation in Dublin.",
"\n\nWhat I want to consider is the specific conditions in Ireland that led up to this moment. ",
"My account will be somewhat hobbled; though for a number of years I resided in Dublin regularly, I have not visited the country since 2007, and so learned of some of the more recent and traumatic events in Irish life only from the newspapers.",
"\n\nMy days in Ireland began just after the peak of the so-called Celtic Tiger. ",
"The economy was expanding, the “ribbon effect,” or suburban sprawl was spreading out around Dublin and Galway, and the restaurants, bars, and hotels were staffed by immigrant workers, most of them from Eastern Europe.",
"\n\nMy interest in Irish culture was incidental to begin with. ",
"I had fallen in love with the modern Irish poets, from Yeats to Mahon, for their formal dexterity. ",
"But I also loved God above all things, and viewed the love of country as little less sacred than the love of one’s father and mother. ",
"The Irish narrative of faith and fatherland, fought and died for, resonated with me and, I thought, provided an occasion to deepen my understanding of those loves. ",
"To study Irish literature, it seemed to me then, was to study the work of authors who lived and died for the sacred.",
"\n\nWhat I found in the Ireland of 2001 provided little occasion for dwelling on any of that “rubbish.” ",
"In the previous decade, the hierarchy of the Irish Church had been wracked with scandal. ",
"Its prestige had come to be viewed as hypocrisy and arrogance, its power as conceit and corruption. ",
"Regular Mass attendance had dropped from nearly 90 percent a few years prior to around 60 percent, and it continued to plunge in the years of my visits. ",
"If practice of the faith was plunging then, it has plummeted since. ",
"The churches were full on Sunday, then, now they sit empty, as if Dublin were Paris or New York.",
"\n\nI saw few signs of genuine piety, and the demeanors of the pious seemed passive and weary. ",
"The Irish saw well that prosperity had at last come to their land; it seemed to entail a giving up of both Irish folkways and the ancestral religion, and that was a bargain they were willing to make.",
"\n\nThe political elite in Ireland had long since come to have more in common with their counterparts in other western European nations than with the supposedly backward sensibilities of the people they ruled. ",
"They clearly saw the embarrassment of the Church as something to be capitalized on to advance the secularization of the country—its normalization, you might say, within the post-Christian mainstream. ",
"A prime minister brought his concubine to dinner with the Archbishop; it created a sensation rather than a scandal. ",
"Where Nelson’s Pillar had once stood—blown up in a symbolic act of nationalism by the IRA in 1966—the Irish government had erected a “millennium spike.” ",
"It is just as bad and stupid as it sounds. ",
"I wrote about it thus in my first book of poems, one inspired by the Belfast poet Louis MacNeice:\n\nWhere Nelson’s Pisgah pillar pruned, then plumed,\n\nThey’ve propped a sterile spike up like an altar\n\nTo pious E.U. secularity.",
"\n\nIrish society never fully recovered from the Civil War that humiliated it in 1922-23. ",
"The internecine conflict was, as Thomas MacGreevy once wrote, a last humiliation by the British Empire, disillusioning Irish nationalism just at the moment when it had achieved something like victory—a modest independence called “home rule.” ",
"In the subsequent decades, Irish politics was marked by a persistence of nationalist ambition to make Ireland in actuality what it has long been regarded as being: a distinctively Catholic republic that would stand outside the main tendencies of western Europe toward secularization, economic liberalization, and, later, the welfare state.",
"\n\nIn this ambition, they succeeded. ",
"The Church enjoyed a central place in Irish public life; its charitable institutions served as a non-state agent to educate, heal, and care for the Irish people in lieu of public schools, hospitals, and other social services. ",
"The long-reigning Eamonn De Valera attempted a third-way economy—one founded on agriculture and autarchy, especially in regards to its powerful neighbor. ",
"This last was not a great achievement, though it was more successful than it would have been had the ranks of Ireland’s lower classes not already been emigrating in a continuous flow for most of the previous century.",
"\n\nThe persistence of these nationalist ambitions should not surprise us, given the tremendous symbolic power generated in the decades before independence. ",
"Nonetheless, it was a waning influence from the beginning. ",
"In the 1950s, the Irish economy was liberalized and increasingly opened to the European market. ",
"That was sufficient to make most Irish conclude that their country was nothing special; it should rightly assume its place as a marginal junior player in the global economy. ",
"Economic liberalization led to secularization, or might have, were it not for a string of public controversies, including votes on abortion and divorce, that reminded many Irish of their distinctive self-image as a Catholic nation—much to the anguish of liberals, including the literati, who sought to show that the only thing distinctive about Ireland was that it was much worse than other countries.",
"\n\nIt was the expansion of the Irish economy and the sex scandals in the Church in the 1990s that brought this long developing contempt for Irish exceptionalism to a head. ",
"It seemed to vindicate every accusation of Ireland as a backward backwater of hypocrisy. ",
"But this contempt for the past was softened by the unprecedented prosperity of the Celtic Tiger. ",
"The young were too busy earning money and spending it to have children much less to attend to the dissolution of Ireland’s Catholic culture.",
"\n\nWhen the global economy collapsed in 2008, Ireland was among the handful of worst-hit small countries. ",
"Emigration increased to highs not seen for decades. ",
"The time had come for reprisals. ",
"Their hopes for prosperity dashed, the Irish had few political options, and a future of bailouts and austerity imposed from abroad. ",
"Enda Kenny was elected Prime Minister on a European liberal economic platform, but it soon became clear that his power could only be enhanced by taking Irish society in a leftward direction. ",
"Every confrontation he staged with the Church, he won. ",
"He was called brave for taking on such a venerable but hidebound institution in the name of truth and progress; but, indeed, how much bravery could it require to fight a battle he could not lose? ",
"The disappointments of Irish society were increasingly expressed as contempt for the Church.",
"\n\nYear by year, government inquiries into sexual abuse within Church-run institutions, the physical abuses of those in the care of nuns and priests, and finally the supposed unearthing of mass graves of children on the properties of homes for unwed mothers. ",
"The stories themselves were increasingly distorted in the press, but nobody cared; the outrage and contempt only increased. ",
"To present oneself as a faithful Catholic in contemporary Ireland would require far more bravery than, say, to present oneself as a practitioner of sodomy.",
"\n\nFor more than a century, the Irish had been told, had told themselves, that they were something distinctive in the history of Christendom. ",
"A Catholic nation that had persisted in the faith despite domination by a Protestant foreign power, the service of country and of God seemed almost as one. ",
"But, for just under a century, a nagging doubt had haunted such convictions. ",
"Ireland was insignificant: its dream of itself consequently stood in the way of its simply getting on as one more country on a continent that had long since lost its faith but had embraced the mundane contentment afforded by a liberalized economy, the welfare state, and a far more immanent horizon of beliefs.",
"\n\nSome scholars tell us that the gothic genre of story-telling grew up as a response to the Catholic Irish. ",
"A society that saw itself as enlightened, rational, secular, and modern suddenly found itself haunted by some frightful other, a ghoul, a return of the repressed: an avatar of superstitious, atavistic, arcane Catholicism. ",
"The Irish and Catholic response to such tales of Whiggery was easy: Catholicism “returns” not as the ravenous claw of the past reaching up from the grave to strangle the present, but as the truth, which never goes anywhere. ",
"Truth always asserts its inescapable claim on every person.",
"\n\nBut what is one to do when that claw represents not simply the past, but also the future, the Catholic nation that Ireland was meant to become, but never quite did? ",
"What is one to do when the gothic monster is not something intruding from the depths beneath one’s society, but is, if anything, the institution that seemed to represent the most distinctive virtues of that society? ",
"Kill it, of course. ",
"Kill it, and take joy in the sport.",
"\n\nThe joy with which the “gay marriage” referendum is being greeted not only in the streets of urban Dublin but across the whole country must surely be a complex emotion. ",
"Insofar as the Irish are just like most of us westerners, they are celebrating a new freedom of the will to assert itself without any moral prohibition. ",
"But the therapeutic triumphed long ago, and didn’t need Ireland to cement its victory.",
"\n\nThe reason the Irish—as Irish—are celebrating is that they have with this referendum delivered a decisive and final blow to their venerable image as a Catholic nation. ",
"They have taken their vengeance on the Church. ",
"They must relish the unshackling; they must love the taste of blood. ",
"But, finally, they take joy in becoming what, it seems, they were always meant to become. ",
"An unexceptional country floating somewhere in the waters off a continent that has long since entered into cultural decline, demographic winter, and the petty and perpetual discontents that come free of charge to every people that lives for nothing much in particular."
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"Q:\n\nWhy the following code is pulling only the ID name of first image?",
"\n\nI have 4 images with below 4 id names:\n\"ObiWan\", \"Luke\", \"Sidious\", \"Maul\";\nAll of them have 1 class name: \"images\". ",
"\nBut with the below code, no matter which image I press, it only shows \"ObiWan\" as ID for all 4 of those images in the Console Log. ",
"\nselect = $(\".image\").one(\"click\", function() {\n\nconsole.log(select.attr('id'));\n\nif (select.attr(\"id\")===\"ObiWan\"){\n $(\"#player\").append($(\"#ObiWan\"));\n $(\"#enemies\").append($(\"#Luke\"));\n $(\"#enemies\").append($(\"#Sidious\"));\n $(\"#enemies\").append($(\"#Maul\"));\n} else if (select.attr(\"id\")===\"Luke\"){\n $(\"#player\").append($(\"#Luke\"));\n $(\"#enemies\").append($(\"#ObiWan\"));\n $(\"#enemies\").append($(\"#Sidious\"));\n $(\"#enemies\").append($(\"#Maul\"));\n} else if (select.attr(\"id\")===\"Sidious\"){\n $(\"#player\").append($(\"#Sidious\"));\n $(\"#enemies\").append($(\"#ObiWan\"));\n $(\"#enemies\").append($(\"#Luke\"));\n $(\"#enemies\").append($(\"#Maul\"));\n} else if (select.attr(\"id\")===\"Maul\"){\n $(\"#player\").append($(\"#Maul\"));\n $(\"#enemies\").append($(\"#ObiWan\"));\n $(\"#enemies\").append($(\"#Luke\"));\n $(\"#enemies\").append($(\"#Sidious\"));\n}\n\n});\n\nA:\n\n// person array\nvar person = [\"ObiWan\", \"Luke\", \"Sidious\", \"Maul\"];\n\n// this is event delegate, if your new img.image attach click event handler.",
"\n$(document).on(\"click\", \".image\", function($e) {\n var id = $($e.currentTarget).attr(\"id\");\n console.log(id);\n\n // #player\n $(\"#player\").append($(\"#\"+id));\n person.forEach(function(person) {\n if(id === person) { // #player -> not enemy...!",
"\n return;\n }\n // #enemies\n $(\"#enemies\").append($(\"#\"+person));\n });\n});\n\n"
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[
"# Translation of Odoo Server.",
"\n# This file contains the translation of the following modules:\n# \t* pos_sale\n# \n# Translators:\n# Martin Trigaux, 2020\n# Matjaz Mozetic <m.mozetic@matmoz.si>, 2020\n# jl2035 <jaka.luthar@gmail.com>, 2020\n# Tadej Lupšina <tadej@hbs.si>, 2020\n# \nmsgid \"\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\"Project-Id-Version: Odoo Server saas~12.5\\n\"\n\"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \\n\"\n\"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-26 08:15+0000\\n\"\n\"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-08-26 09:13+0000\\n\"\n\"Last-Translator: Tadej Lupšina <tadej@hbs.si>, 2020\\n\"\n\"Language-Team: Slovenian (https://www.transifex.com/odoo/teams/41243/sl/)\\n\"\n\"MIME-Version: 1.0\\n\"\n\"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\\n\"\n\"Content-Transfer-Encoding: \\n\"\n\"Language: sl\\n\"\n\"Plural-Forms: nplurals=4; plural=(n%100==1 ? ",
"0 : n%100==2 ? ",
"1 : n%100==3 || n%100==4 ? ",
"2 : 3);\\n\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model_terms:ir.ui.view,arch_db:pos_sale.pos_config_view_form_pos_sale\nmsgid \"<span class=\\\"o_form_label\\\">Sales Team</span>\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.model.fields,field_description:pos_sale.field_pos_order__currency_rate\nmsgid \"Currency Rate\"\nmsgstr \"Tečaj valute\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.model.fields.selection,name:pos_sale.selection__sale_report__state__invoiced\nmsgid \"Invoiced\"\nmsgstr \"Zaračunano\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.model.fields.selection,name:pos_sale.selection__sale_report__state__pos_draft\nmsgid \"New\"\nmsgstr \"Novo\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.model.fields,field_description:pos_sale.field_crm_team__pos_sessions_open_count\nmsgid \"Open POS Sessions\"\nmsgstr \"Odprte POS seje\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.actions.act_window,name:pos_sale.pos_session_action_from_crm_team\nmsgid \"Open Sessions\"\nmsgstr \"Odprte seje\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.model.fields.selection,name:pos_sale.selection__sale_report__state__paid\nmsgid \"Paid\"\nmsgstr \"Plačano\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.model,name:pos_sale.model_pos_config\nmsgid \"Point of Sale Configuration\"\nmsgstr \"Nastavitve POS-blagajne\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.model,name:pos_sale.model_pos_order\nmsgid \"Point of Sale Orders\"\nmsgstr \"Naročila POS\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.model,name:pos_sale.model_pos_session\nmsgid \"Point of Sale Session\"\nmsgstr \"Seja POS\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.model.fields,field_description:pos_sale.field_crm_team__pos_config_ids\nmsgid \"Point of Sales\"\nmsgstr \"Prodajna točka\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.model.fields.selection,name:pos_sale.selection__sale_report__state__pos_done\nmsgid \"Posted\"\nmsgstr \"Knjiženo\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.model,name:pos_sale.model_sale_report\nmsgid \"Sales Analysis Report\"\nmsgstr \"Poročilo o analizi prodaje\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model_terms:ir.ui.view,arch_db:pos_sale.pos_config_view_form_pos_sale\nmsgid \"Sales Reporting\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.model,name:pos_sale.model_crm_team\n#: model:ir.model.fields,field_description:pos_sale.field_pos_config__crm_team_id\n#: model:ir.model.fields,field_description:pos_sale.field_pos_order__crm_team_id\n#: model:ir.model.fields,field_description:pos_sale.field_pos_session__crm_team_id\nmsgid \"Sales Team\"\nmsgstr \"Prodajna ekipa\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model_terms:ir.ui.view,arch_db:pos_sale.pos_config_view_form_pos_sale\nmsgid \"Sales are reported to the following sales team\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model_terms:ir.ui.view,arch_db:pos_sale.crm_team_salesteams_view_kanban_inherit_pos_sale\nmsgid \"Session Running\"\nmsgstr \"Seja v teku\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.model.fields,field_description:pos_sale.field_crm_team__pos_order_amount_total\nmsgid \"Session Sale Amount\"\nmsgstr \"Znesek prodaje na sejo\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model_terms:ir.ui.view,arch_db:pos_sale.crm_team_salesteams_view_kanban_inherit_pos_sale\nmsgid \"Sessions Running\"\nmsgstr \"Seje v teku\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.model.fields,field_description:pos_sale.field_sale_report__state\nmsgid \"Status\"\nmsgstr \"Status\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.model.fields,help:pos_sale.field_pos_order__currency_rate\nmsgid \"\"\n\"The rate of the currency to the currency of rate applicable at the date of \"\n\"the order\"\nmsgstr \"\"\n\n#. ",
"module: pos_sale\n#: model:ir.model.fields,help:pos_sale.field_pos_config__crm_team_id\n#: model:ir.model.fields,help:pos_sale.field_pos_session__crm_team_id\nmsgid \"This Point of sale's sales will be related to this Sales Team.\"",
"\nmsgstr \"Prodaja tega prodajnega mesta bo povezana s to prodajno ekipo.\"",
"\n"
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[
"Q:\n\nText On each bar of a stacked bar chart d3.js\n\nI would like to have some text in each bar of a stacked bar in stacked bar chart provided in d3.js library.",
"\nThanks for your help.",
"\nI have customized the example here link but I have not changed anything else in the javascript code\nand here is the result \n\nA:\n\nHere is the important piece of code:\n state.selectAll(\"rect\")\n .data(function(d) { return d.ages; })\n .enter().append(\"rect\")\n .attr(\"width\", x.rangeBand())\n .attr(\"y\", function(d) { return y(d.y1); })\n .attr(\"height\", function(d) { return y(d.y0) - y(d.y1); })\n .style(\"fill\", function(d) { return color(d.name); });\n\nThis binds each data point to the colored rectangles. ",
"To add text, change it like this:\n var ages_enter = state.selectAll(\"rect\")\n .data(function(d) { return d.ages; })\n .enter();\n ages_enter.append(\"rect\")\n .attr(\"width\", x.rangeBand())\n .attr(\"y\", function(d) { return y(d.y1); })\n .attr(\"height\", function(d) { return y(d.y0) - y(d.y1); })\n .style(\"fill\", function(d) { return color(d.name); });\n ages_enter.append(\"text\")\n .text(function(d) { return d3.format(\".2s\")(d.y1); })\n .attr(\"y\", function(d) { return y(d.y1)+16; })\n .style(\"stroke\", '#ffffff');\n\nThis stores a pointer to the \"enter\" method that is called for each data point, then adds an additional element to the svg for each data point.",
"\n\n"
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"The overall objectives are the development of new antiviral drugs targeted to inhibit HIV-1 sites different from those targeted by currently available drugs. ",
"The specific aim of this proposal is to design compounds which inhibit the biding of HIV-1 RT with Template- Primer DNA (T-P DNA), a prerequisite step in HIV-1 replication. ",
"T- P DNA binds to a highly conserved region, 2 Helix H, of HIV-1 RT. ",
"Recently, a natural product 3,5,8-tribhydroxy-4- quinoline (THQ), from a marine sponge, was shown to inhibit the binding of T-P DNA with HIV-1 RT. ",
"However, THQ was unstable when exposed to air. ",
"In preliminary studies, the applicant has synthesized several carbocyclic analogs of THQ as lead compounds, which were more stable than THQ, and some of which were also more effective inhibitors of HIV-1 RT and of the replication of HIV-1 in lymphocyte cultures. ",
"This application describes the synthesis of isosteres and congeners of these lead compounds, the evaluation of their quantitative structure-activity relationships, and identification of the most promising drug candidates which may be effective against HIV-1, either per se, or in combination with currently available drugs. ",
"There is an excellent commercial potential for antiviral drugs for which escape mutants are less likely due to the highly conserved nature of the target."
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"In an interview with conservative talk radio host Dana Loesch on Friday, Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker defended his anti-choice record, saying that a bill he signed requiring that women seeking an abortion first obtain a medically unnecessary ultrasound merely provided them with access to “a lovely thing” and a “cool thing out there.”",
"\n\nWalker, a potential GOP presidential candidate, signed the ultrasound provision along with a hospital “admitting privileges” law that threatened to force clinics around the state to close.",
"\n\nWalker told Loesch that criticism he received about the ultrasound bill was merely an attack from the “gotcha” media, and that he was in fact just trying to provide women with “a cool thing.”",
"\n\n“The thing about that, the media tried to make that sound like that was a crazy idea,” he said. “",
"Most people I talked to, whether they’re pro-life or not, I find people all the time that pull out their iPhone and show me a picture of their grandkids’ ultrasound and how excited they are, so that’s a lovely thing. ",
"I think about my sons are 19 and 20, we still have their first ultrasounds. ",
"It’s just a cool thing out there.”",
"\n\n“We just knew if we signed that law, if we provided the information that more people if they saw that unborn child would make a decision to protect and keep the life of that unborn child,” he said.",
"\n\nWalker, who recently explained to Religious Right leaders that he was being purposefully evasive about his anti-choice goals by using pro-choice rhetoric to back his cause, said that while social issues “shouldn’t be defining” for Republicans, “we shouldn’t be afraid to talk about it.”"
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"Q:\n\nreducer is not defined\n\nI am fairly new to react-redux and I am getting this wierd error. ",
"It says that my rootReducer is not defined. ",
"rootReducer is the constant that I create after I combine my reducers. ",
"This is my code:\nimport {combineReducers} from 'redux';\nimport taskReducer from './handle-action';\n\nrootReducer = combineReducers({\n tasks: taskReducer\n});\n\nexport default rootReducer;\n\nWhat am I missing?",
"\n\nA:\n\nWhatever you export must be a variable or function so it should be const or var or let\nimport {combineReducers} from 'redux';\nimport taskReducer from './handle-action';\n\nconst rootReducer = combineReducers({\n tasks: taskReducer\n});\n\nexport default rootReducer;\n\n"
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"Warning! ",
"It seems your Javascript settings on your browser have been disabled. ",
"i-sells.co.uk (and a lot of other websites) won't work as intended without re-enabling javascript. ",
"Simply Click Here to quickly fix this issue.",
"\n\nSilver Deflection Grille\n\nFor product dimensions, please refer to the diagram image. ",
"The dimensions listed in the product title\nwill be the NOMINAL SIZE. ",
"The grille will have a border of 22mm all around the edge. ",
"Making the total size of the grille equal NOMINAL SIZE (as in the title) + 44mm. ",
"Please contact us or ask a product question if you require more information.",
"\n\nDetails\n\nMade to order\n\nYES\n\nProduct Type\n\nDouble Deflection Grille\n\nColour\n\nSilver\n\nNext Day Delivery\n\nNot suitable for Next Working Day Delivery\n\nManufacturer Product Code\n\n895360\n\nQuick Search:\n\nQS10762\n\nDelivery\n\nShipping Method\n\nUnder £100*\n\nOver £100*\n\nEconomy: 4 to 7 Days (Orders under £25 inc VAT)4 to 7 Days (Orders over £25 inc VAT)\n\n£2.99£4.99\n\nFREEFREE\n\nCourier:2 to 4 Days (Interlink or TNT)\n\n£7.99\n\nFREE\n\nNext Day:Next Working Day Delivery+\n\n£24.00\n\n£24.00\n\n* Usually £200+vat+ Order before noon for Next Working Day Delivery for items in stock\n\nQuestions and Answers, do you need more information about this product?",
"\n\nYour question will be sent to a member of our team. ",
"We'll email you the answer and post it on this page. ",
"If your question is about an order you already placed, please use our Contact Form to reach the customer service team."
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[
"Ceratozamia hondurensis\n\nCeratozamia hondurensis is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nWhitelock, Loran M. 2002. ",
"The Cycads. ",
"Portland: Timber Press.",
"\n\nExternal links\n * \n\nhondurensis\nCategory:Flora of Mexico\nCategory:Plants described in 2008"
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[
"(-3*j + 5*j - 4*j)*(-1 + 1 - j)*(-55*j + 9 - 9).",
"\n-110*j**3\nExpand (2 - 2 - m)*(-3*m**3 - m**4 + 3*m**3) + 100*m**4 + 19*m**5 - 100*m**4 + (-4*m + m + 4*m)*(-42*m**4 + 11*m**4 - 4*m**4).",
"\n-15*m**5\nExpand -4*f**5 - 5*f + 5*f + (-2*f + 3*f + 0*f)*(32*f + 56*f**4 - 32*f).",
"\n52*f**5\nExpand (66*u - 30*u + 39*u)*(-4 + 1 + 0).",
"\n-225*u\nExpand (3 + s - 3)*(-24*s**2 + 2*s**2 + 6*s**2) + (0 - s + 0)*(0 + 2*s**2 + 0).",
"\n-18*s**3\nExpand (h - h + h**2)*(-1253 + 1253 - 297*h).",
"\n-297*h**3\nExpand -3*m**5 - 3*m**5 - 9*m**5 + (-2 + 4 - 3)*(m**5 + 2*m**5 + 0*m**5) + (m**3 - 2*m**3 - m**3)*(-2*m**2 + 1 - 1) + 7*m**3 - 7*m**3 - 10*m**5.",
"\n-24*m**5\nExpand (-i - 5*i + 2*i)*(-3*i**4 - 4*i**4 + 5*i**4 + (2*i + 2*i**4 - 2*i)*(1 - 1 + 2) + i**4 + 2 - 2 + 2259*i**3 + 3*i + i**4 - 2259*i**3).",
"\n-16*i**5 - 12*i**2\nExpand (-2*y + y + 2*y)*((7 - 11 - 9)*(-3 + 2 - 1) + 4 - 1 - 2).",
"\n27*y\nExpand (-3*b**2 + b**3 + 3*b**2)*(-5*b - 109838*b**2 + 5 + 109815*b**2 - 2).",
"\n-23*b**5 - 5*b**4 + 3*b**3\nExpand (3*t - 2*t + 2*t)*(2 + 3 - 3)*(-15 + 7 + 0).",
"\n-48*t\nExpand (0*l**4 - 2*l**4 + l**4)*(-5 + 3 + 20) + 5*l**4 - 2*l**4 - l**4.",
"\n-16*l**4\nExpand (1 - 1 - 3*x)*(4*x**3 - 13*x**3 - 10*x**3).",
"\n57*x**4\nExpand (0*p**2 + 2*p**2 - 4*p**2)*(-9*p + 2*p**2 - p**2 + 7*p) - 15*p**2 - 10*p**4 + 15*p**2.",
"\n-12*p**4 + 4*p**3\nExpand ((-5 + 4 + 0)*(2*t + 2*t - 3*t) + 0 - t + 0)*(17 - 27 + 58)*(3*t - 2*t - 2*t).",
"\n96*t**2\nExpand (2*h**4 - h**4 + h**4)*(-254 + 464 - 235).",
"\n-50*h**4\nExpand (-17 + 144 + 122 + 54 - 3)*(-4*o**3 + 6*o**4 + 4*o**3).",
"\n1800*o**4\nExpand (-5*g + 6 - 3 - 2)*(16*g + 47*g - 17*g).",
"\n-230*g**2 + 46*g\nExpand (26 - 57 + 23 + (-2 + 3 - 2)*(-1 + 2 - 2))*(u - 2*u**3 - u).",
"\n14*u**3\nExpand (6*t**3 + 0*t**3 - 4*t**3)*(0*t - t**2 + 0*t) + 5635*t - 5635*t - 336*t**5.",
"\n-338*t**5\nExpand (-2*b - 1 + 1)*((2 - 3 + 3)*(6*b - 62*b + 10*b) + 0 + 0 + 3*b).",
"\n178*b**2\nExpand (3*m + 4*m - 4*m)*(105 - 12 + 37).",
"\n390*m\nExpand (4*j**2 - j**2 - j**2)*(j + j - j + (143 - 11*j - 143)*(2 - 6 + 0)).",
"\n90*j**3\nExpand (599*a**2 + 434*a**2 - 417*a**2)*(-4*a**2 + 4*a**2 - 2*a**2).",
"\n-1232*a**4\nExpand 60*r**2 + 4*r**2 + 32*r**2 + (4 - r - 4)*(-r - 3 + 3).",
"\n97*r**2\nExpand -5*l**4 - 11*l**4 + 5*l**4 + (-4*l**3 - 2*l**3 + 5*l**3)*(-1 + 1 - 2*l).",
"\n-9*l**4\nExpand (212 + 1141 - 272 + 1061)*(3*o**2 - 2*o**2 - 3*o**2).",
"\n-4284*o**2\nExpand (-2*v**4 + 5*v**3 - 5*v**3)*(-101 - 27 + 59 - 214).",
"\n566*v**4\nExpand (23*z**2 - 15*z**2 - 3*z**2)*(-4*z + 0*z + 3*z).",
"\n-5*z**3\nExpand (5 - 2 - 1)*(1 - 1 - 2*b) + 2*b + 1 - 1 + 17 + 20 - 8*b - 33.",
"\n-10*b + 4\nExpand (-13*v**2 - 44*v**2 - 3*v**2)*(-3 - 2 + 4)*(v + v**2 - v).",
"\n60*v**4\nExpand (-4 + 0 - 2)*((u - 2*u + 2*u)*(0*u - 7*u + 0*u) - u**2 + u**2 + 2*u**2 + (-u - 2*u + 5*u)*(2*u - 1 + 1)).",
"\n6*u**2\nExpand (-11 + 2 - 9)*(108*g - 108*g + 11*g**2).",
"\n-198*g**2\nExpand (3*y + 3 - 3)*(y**2 + 11*y + 1610 + y**4 - 1610 + (4*y + 0*y - 2*y)*(2*y**2 + 2*y**3 - 2*y**2)).",
"\n15*y**5 + 3*y**3 + 33*y**2\nExpand (3 + 4*l - 45 + 17)*(-2 + 2*l + 2).",
"\n8*l**2 - 50*l\nExpand (-1 + 1 - 3*a)*(-5318 - 4285 + 11585).",
"\n-5946*a\nExpand (g**3 - g**3 - 4*g**3)*(-24*g - g**2 + 68 - 68).",
"\n4*g**5 + 96*g**4\nExpand (-2*j**2 + 2*j**2 - j**2 + j - 3*j**2 - j + j**2 + 3*j**2 - 3*j**2 + (2*j + 3*j - 6*j)*(-3*j + 2*j + 3*j))*(-2*j + 2*j + 3*j).",
"\n-15*j**3\nExpand (7 + 1 - 3)*(-3 + 2*u + 3) - 3*u + 2*u - 13*u.",
"\n-4*u\nExpand (1 + 2*d**3 - d**3 - 2)*(2*d**2 - 2*d**2 + 3*d**2 + (-5*d - 34 + 34)*(-d + 3*d + 0*d)).",
"\n-7*d**5 + 7*d**2\nExpand 3*o**4 + 0*o**4 - o**4 + 5*o**4 - 3*o**4 - o**4 + (222*o**2 - 67*o**2 + 182*o**2)*(1 - o**2 - 1).",
"\n-334*o**4\nExpand (5*q - 2*q - q)*(-2*q + 4*q - 4*q)*(-3*q + q + 5*q)*(-14 - 15 + 35).",
"\n-72*q**3\nExpand (-4*t + 3*t + 2*t)*(t**2 + 3*t**2 - 2*t**2) - 125*t + 156*t + 0*t**3 - 3*t**3.",
"\n-t**3 + 31*t\nExpand (-5*v**2 + 2*v**3 - 10*v**2 + 9*v**2)*(-523*v - 2 - 4 + 525*v).",
"\n4*v**4 - 24*v**3 + 36*v**2\nExpand (0 + 4 - 3)*(2*m + 4*m - 2*m - 8*m**4).",
"\n-8*m**4 + 4*m\nExpand (-10 + 10 - 4*r**2)*(-2*r - 2 + 2)*((4*r**2 + r - r)*(1 + 1 - 3) + 3*r**2 + r**2 - 3*r**2).",
"\n-24*r**5\nExpand (-2*z**2 - 2*z**2 + 2*z**2)*(-67*z + 49*z - 61*z - 70*z).",
"\n298*z**3\nExpand (0*a - a + 0*a)*(-1 - 1 + 0 + (17 + 8 + 1)*(0 + 0 + 2) + 1 - 2 + 2).",
"\n-51*a\nExpand 5*u**4 - 5*u**4 - u**5 + 5*u**5 - 2*u**5 - 16*u**5 + (3*u**2 - 2*u**2 + u**2)*(0*u**3 + 2*u**3 - 3*u**3) + (u**4 + 3*u**4 + 0*u**4)*(u - 3*u + 4*u).",
"\n-8*u**5\nExpand (-124*q**2 - 99*q**2 - 98*q**2)*(2 - 1 + 1 + (-2 + 1 + 0)*(1 - 2 - 1)).",
"\n-1284*q**2\nExpand ((-7*v + 3*v + 3*v)*(-2 + 0 + 0) - 2 - 3*v + 2)*(7 - v**3 - 7).",
"\nv**4\nExpand (2*f - 2*f - f)*(22 - 7 + 9).",
"\n-24*f\nExpand -2*n**4 - n + n + (4*n**3 - 2*n**3 - n**3)*(-3*n + 0*n + 2*n) + 6*n**4 - 7*n**4 + 6*n**4 + 3*n**3 + 4*n**4 - 3*n**3.",
"\n6*n**4\nExpand (-4*t + 6*t + t)*(-18 - 15 + 32 - 23*t)*(-3*t**2 + 2*t**2 + 0*t**2).",
"\n69*t**4 + 3*t**3\nExpand 25*x**4 - 5*x**4 + 20*x**4 + (-2*x**4 - 2 + 2)*(3 - 3 - 2)*(-31 + 58 - 43).",
"\n-24*x**4\nExpand (0*u + 2*u + 0*u)*(-3 - 4 + 6)*(6 + 0 - 3 + (4 - 2 - 1)*(-1 + 3 + 1))*(-5*u**2 + u**2 - u**2).",
"\n60*u**3\nExpand (-d**2 + d**2 - d**2)*(17*d**2 - 34*d**2 + 19*d**2) + 0*d**4 + 4*d**4 - 5*d**4 + (-1 + 2*d**2 + 1)*(3*d**2 - d**2 - 4*d**2).",
"\n-7*d**4\nExpand (3 - 2*y - 3)*(-22*y**2 + 29*y**2 + 123*y**2).",
"\n-260*y**3\nExpand (-b**2 + 0*b**2 + 4*b**2)*(-2*b + 0*b - b)*(1 + b - 1) + 2*b**4 + 0*b**4 + 0*b**4 + 4*b**4 + 2*b**4 + 4*b**4.",
"\n3*b**4\nExpand -2*x**3 - 4*x**3 + 5*x**3 + (5*x**2 - 4*x**2 - 2*x**2)*(-x + 2*x + 0*x) + 7*x**2 - 10*x**3 - 7*x**2 + 3*x**3 + 2*x**3 - 3*x**3.",
"\n-10*x**3\nExpand (-2 + 0 + 0)*(5 - 5*m + 0*m + 3*m)*(243*m - 243*m + 3*m**4).",
"\n12*m**5 - 30*m**4\nExpand (-7*g + g + 3*g)*(-2*g + 3*g - 5*g) + (g**2 + g - g)*(3 + 1 - 5).",
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"\n175*c\nExpand ((y - 40*y - 12*y)*(-4 + 0 + 2) + 7*y + 2*y - 4*y)*(y + y**2 + 0*y**2 - 3*y).",
"\n107*y**3 - 214*y**2\nExpand (-3 + 1 + 1)*(-6 + 4 + 0)*(2*v**5 + 2*v**2 - 2*v**2) - 2*v**5 - v**2 + v**2 + 155*v**4 - 155*v**4 + 96*v**5.",
"\n98*v**5\nExpand (-2*z**5 - 2*z**5 + 5*z**5)*(4 + 8 + 3)*(26 - 11 - 9).",
"\n90*z**5\nExpand (3*c**2 + 0*c**2 - c**2)*(-3*c**3 - 35 + 35 - c**2).",
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"\n-13*y**4 + y**3 - 3*y\nExpand (0*l + 2*l + 3*l)*(-10*l - 4*l - 8*l).",
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"Rietheim railway station\n\nRietheim railway station is a railway station in the Swiss canton of Aargau and municipality of Rietheim. ",
"The station is located on the Winterthur to Koblenz line and is served by Zurich S-Bahn line S36, and by alternate trains on Aargau S-Bahn line S27, which link Baden and Bad Zurzach.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nRietheim\nRietheim"
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[
"UFN Macao Prelim Fantasy Preview\n\nOne of the best parts of the UFC's expansion all over the globe is seeing the talent that is often discovered in the different corners of the world. ",
"The UFC's return to China this Saturday comes after a season spent filming The Ultimate Fighter there as well as time seeking new fighters, some of whom will debut at the upcoming UFC Fight Night card from Macao.",
"\n\nThe undercard for UFC Fight Night features four bouts with a few newcomers, as well as some veteran talent that will be on display in the show.",
"\n\nKazuki Tokudome looks to bounce back from his first UFC loss when he takes on Korean prospect Yui Chul Nam. ",
"Also on the card undefeated Brazilian Alberto Mina faces former Ultimate Fighter competitor Zak Cummings.",
"\n\nIn today's fantasy preview we'll take a look at the four undercard fights and see who might just have the advantage heading into Saturday's card.",
"\n\nKAZUKI TOKUDOME VS. ",
"NAM YUI CHUL\n\nIn the featured bout on the preliminary card, Japan's Kazuki Tokudome takes on Nam Yui Chul in a contrast of styles between two lightweight competitors. ",
"Tokudome is a judo specialist with a purple belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, who has worked a lot on his boxing over the last few years, while Nam is a brawler that loves to stand and bang with his opponents, although he has gone to decision in a number of fights during his career.",
"\n\nTokudome is a tough customer who fights best when he's able to control the pace and put an opponent on the mat. ",
"He struggled against a technically sound stand-up fighter in his last bout when he lost by decision to former Ultimate Fighter winner Norman Parke, so he has to be aware that a 'sprawl and brawl' bout is exactly the kind of fight Nam would love to have for his UFC debut.",
"\n\nNam didn't get his nickname “The Korean Bulldozer” for nothing. ",
"He likes to bully his opponents around with his aggressive striking, but he keeps his hands dangerously low sometimes so he can't sleep on Tokudome's willingness to throw shots before looking for the takedown. ",
"Nam has been susceptible to ground fighters in the past, so that's the last place he wants this fight with Tokudome to end up.",
"\n\nThe biggest problem Nam has as a brawler is that he keeps the fight close and doesn't typically take big strides in a fight to really separate himself from his opponents. ",
"If Tokudome can keep from getting into big exchanges with him early and then drag him to the ground with a late takedown, he could steal round after round on the scorecards. ",
"Ultimately, Tokudome's a more well-rounded fighter and there's no discounting the fact that this is his third UFC fight, which means the Octagon jitters should be a lot less now for him than they will be for Nam when the cage door closes.",
"ZAK CUMMINGS VS. ",
"ALBERTO MINA\n\nFormer Ultimate Fighter competitor Zak Cummings will look for his fourth win in a row when he takes on highly touted newcomer Alberto Mina, making his UFC debut.",
"\n\nMina got a lot of buzz after being signed because he has been considered one of the best fighters outside of the UFC until now. ",
"The Brazilian is 10-0 as a professional, with finishes in all of his fights and only two of them making it out of the first round. ",
"Now those statistics can look daunting or bloated depending on the competition he's been facing. ",
"Mina is a black belt in judo and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, so he's no slouch on the ground, and he's also a dangerous striker with four TKOs to his credit.",
"\n\nHe's facing a tough test, however, in his first fight, as Cummings won't be an easy out and may just hand the rookie a loss in his UFC debut. ",
"Cummings is a hard-nosed wrestler with a solid submission arsenal at his disposa,l and considering at one time he fought as a light heavyweight, he's going to be a formidable fighter at welterweight. ",
"Cummings has worked tirelessly on developing his submission game to compliment his wrestling game, and that could be the exact weapon that gets him the win in this fight.",
"\n\nWhile Mina has all the credentials coming into the fight, Cummings has real world experience against a tough list of fighters; plus the UFC experience doesn't hurt. ",
"Cummings' wrestling might trump Mina's judo, and on the feet the former Ultimate Fighter packs a powerful punch. ",
"Mina may still develop into a real interesting prospect down the road, but for his first fight in the UFC he may walk out with a loss and a lesson learned.",
"\n\nTwo former competitors on The Ultimate fighter China will square off when Albert Cheng meets Wang Anying, with both hoping to secure a roster spot in the UFC after Saturday's card is completed.",
"\n\nCheng is primarily a ground fighter coming from a Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu base, where he's a brown belt, while Wang is a Muay Thai fighter who prefers the knockout to the ground game. ",
"So as it happens often inside the Octagon, this fight will boil down to who keeps the fight where they want it to take place. ",
"Cheng trains out of Toronto, Ontario, Canada so he's got good people to work with on the ground, although he's actually struggled against some past opponents in grappling despite his pedigree.",
"\n\nWang lost during his time on the reality show to eventual finalist Wang Sai, but given his relative novice level of experience in comparison, that really shouldn't be a huge surprise. ",
"That said, Wang does have a teammate (Dong Xin) who has already fought and knocked out Cheng in the past. ",
"He also trained a lot at Phuket Top Team for this fight to get his Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu on point.",
"\n\nIn the end, Wang should be able to win this fight based on his striking, and even if he hits the ground with Cheng, he's proficient enough to stay out of trouble and avoid submissions. ",
"If all goes well, Wang will get his second professional win and second knockout to boot.",
"\n\nSomebody's '0' has to go in this matchup between UFC newcomers Mark Eddiva and Jumabieke Tuerxun. ",
"Both fighters are coming into the bout undefeated, although Tuerxan has more than three times the total fights of his opponent, who comes from a similar wrestling and takedown-oriented background going into this one.",
"\n\nTuerxun will come into this fight as the smaller man, but he is more skilled in ways to win the fight. ",
"He's a wrestler who has strong control on the ground and a solid submission set as well. ",
"Tuerxun also has the benefit of knowing Eddiva's game really well, since his coaches have worked with him in the past, so he's aware of his strengths and weaknesses. ",
"Eddiva will have more power, but the safe bet is Tuerxun will have more technique.",
"\n\nLook for Tuerxun to get this fight to the mat and grind on Eddiva over the course of three rounds. ",
"Eddiva does have knockout power in his hands, and given his size advantage, Tuerxun has to be careful and wary of the striking game being prolonged too much in this fight. ",
"Still, Tuerxun has the confidence and the wrestling to disarm Eddiva over the course of 15 full minutes to get the decision win.",
"\n\nRelated Topics\n\nRelated News\n\nMedia\n\nRecent\n\nPopular\n\nWatch Tony Ferguson defeat Rafael Dos Anjos in a Fight of the Night Performance at Fight Night New Mexico in 2016.",
"\n\n19/03/2018\n\nInterim lightweight champion Tony Ferguson and challenger Khabib Nurmagomedov meet on the main stage at UFC 223 in Brooklyn, live on Pay-Per-View on April 7. ",
"In the co-main event, strawweights Rose Namajunas and Joanna Jedrzejczyk meet in a rematch.",
"\n\n19/03/2018\n\nUFC women's strawweight champion Rose Namajunas puts her belt on the line in a rematch with former champ Joanna Jedrzejczyk live from Brooklyn at UFC 223 on Pay-Per-View.",
"\n\n19/03/2018\n\nInterim lightweight champion Tony Ferguson and challenger Khabib Nurmagomedov meet on the main stage at UFC 223 in Brooklyn, live on Pay-Per-View on April 7.",
"\n\n19/03/2018\n\nIsrael Adesanya's Octagon debut was arguably the most anticipated since two weight world champion Conor McGregor. \"",
"The Last Stylebender\" impressed with a second-round TKO win vs. Rob Wilkinson and spoke about his performance.",
"\n\n10/02/2018\n\nGo backstage at UFC 221 with Yoel Romero after his victory in Perth, Australia over Luke Rockhold. ",
"Romero talks to UFC correspondent Megan Olivi about the huge win."
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"First person account: a voice from another closet.",
"\nThe article that follows is part of the Schizophrenia Bulletin's ongoing First Person Accounts series. ",
"We hope that mental health professionals--the Bulletin's primary audience--will take this opportunity to learn about the issues and difficulties confronted by consumers of mental health care. ",
"In addition, we hope that these accounts will give patients and families a better sense of not being alone in confronting the problems that can be anticipated by persons with serious emotional difficulties. ",
"We welcome other contributions from patients, ex-patients, or family members. ",
"Our major editorial requirement is that such contributions be clearly written and organized, and that a novel or unique aspect of schizophrenia be described, with special emphasis on points that will be important for professionals. ",
"Clinicians who see articulate patients, with experiences they believe should be shared, might encourage these patients to submit their article to First Person Accounts, Division of Clinical and Treatment Research, NIMH, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rm. ",
"18C-06, Rockville, MD 20857."
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"Anyone have this release? ",
"I won it on Ebay a few days ago, and was wondering how the audio/video quality is. ",
"Any info will be greatley appreciated.",
"\nhttp://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=1547610592&ed=1026272356&ssPageName=ADME:B:EOA:US:2\n\nPaff\n\n07-14-2002, 12:15 AM\n\nHmm...never heard or seen, so I don't know. ",
"The separate music soundtrack might be a nice thing to have though.",
"\n\nAs far as Pulp Fiction goes though, the domestic LD is outstanding. ",
"In fact, I recently picked up the Criterion edition, just to get the Dolby Digital 5.1 soundtrack, and was surprised when I found out it doesn't hold a candle to the THX Pro-Logic track on the regular edition.",
"\n\nA big Special Edition DVD is on it's way, but I'd be surprised if it sounds as good as that old THX laser.",
"\n\nKillerCannabis\n\n07-14-2002, 08:22 PM\n\nI'll bet that the new SE DVD due on 8/20 will be even better than the LD. ",
"BV put a lot of effort into this release and I for one dont think they're going to let me down.",
"\n\nPaff\n\n07-14-2002, 11:49 PM\n\nOriginally posted by KillerCannabis\nI'll bet that the new SE DVD due on 8/20 will be even better than the LD. ",
"BV put a lot of effort into this release and I for one dont think they're going to let me down.",
"\n\nNo offense man, but I'm not so confident. ",
"Why? ",
"Well, let's consider the sound. ",
"There is a THX Pro-Logic mix, a Dolby Digital 5.1 mix, and a DTS 5.1 mix. ",
"We already know the DTS track WON'T be on the DVD, and DVD can't do Pro-Logic as well as Laser. ",
"I've heard the 5.1 mix, and it's good, but not as good as the Pro-Logic. ",
"Most people have never heard that old LD, so they won't know that a better soundtrack exists. ",
"Thus, they can put on that inferior 5.1 track and no one will know the difference.",
"\n\nI'll probably buy the new DVD, but there's no way I'm dumping the old laser. ",
"Yes, the anamorphic transfer will be great, but I don't have a 16x9 screen yet, and the LD looks pretty damned good, I doubt the DVD will look that much better on my 4x3 screen. ",
"The DVD I'll keep for the extras, but for watching the movie, I'll probably stick to the laser.",
"\n\njscott\n\n07-24-2002, 01:18 AM\n\nOriginally posted by Paff\nHmm...never heard or seen, so I don't know. ",
"The separate music soundtrack might be a nice thing to have though.",
"\n\nGot the disc today, and no isolated audio track. ",
"Bummer. ",
"Oh well, at least the transfer is just as nice as the THX standard release, with the subs completely in the matte bars."
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"\n\nIn around 1050 the fortress that stood on the site, the property of the Counts of Formbach, was turned into a collegiate foundation by Tuta, daughter of Heinrich of Formbach, and wife of King Bela I of Hungary; it was established as a monastery in 1126. ",
"It had possessions in the Inn region, in Carinthia, Styria and the Wachau. ",
"In 1787 it was dissolved by Emperor Joseph II. ",
"The premises later passed into the possession of the Bavarian Field Marshal Prince Karl Philipp von Wrede. ",
"Since 1865 they have been used as a prison.",
"\n\nExternal links\n Tuta von Formbach, Queen of Bela I\n\nCategory:Prisons in Austria\nCategory:Augustinian monasteries in Austria\nCategory:1126 establishments in Europe\nCategory:1787 disestablishments in Europe\nCategory:Religious organizations established in the 1120s\nCategory:Christian monasteries established in the 12th century\nCategory:Monasteries in Upper Austria"
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"Q:\n\nDoes the composition of closed-range continuous linear maps between Banach spaces have a closed range?",
"\n\nLet $T:E\\to F$ and $S:F\\to G$ be bounded linear maps with closed range between the Banach spaces $E, F$ and $G$. Does $ST:E\\to G$ also have closed range? ",
"I can't find any theorem that makes the proof obvious so, this being functional analysis, I'm assuming it is false. ",
"However, the counterexample is still elusive.",
"\nCan someone give a hint (or full answer) of some easy counterexample?",
"\nThanks\n\nA:\n\nLet $E = F = G = \\ell^2$. \nIt is straightforward to see that the map $U: \\ell^2 \\to \\ell^2$ given by $(Ux)_n = \\frac{x_n}{n}$ does not have closed range. ",
"To get the desired example we will exhibit a decomposition of $U$ into two maps with closed range.",
"\nLet $Tx = (x_1, 0, x_2, 0, x_3, 0, \\dots)$ and let $(Sx)_n = \\frac{x_{2n-1}}{n} + x_{2n}$. It is clear that $T$ has closed range since convergence in $\\ell^2$ implies coordinatewise convergence. ",
"The range of $S$ is all of $\\ell^2$ since if $y \\in \\ell^2$ then we can define $x \\in \\ell^2$ by $x_{2n} = y_n$ and $x_{2n-1} = 0$ so that $Sx = y$. In particular, $S$ and $T$ both have closed range but $ST = U$ as desired.",
"\n\n"
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"Surgery for liver trauma.",
"\nHepatic injuries are found in 30 per cent of patients undergoing operation after penetrating abdominal wounds and in 15 to 20 per cent of patients undergoing operation after blunt trauma. ",
"Signs of blood loss, peritonitis, or peritoneal traverse by a missile prompt early operation in many patients. ",
"Stable patients who have suffered stab wounds in proximity to the liver may be safely evaluated by diagnostic peritoneal lavage, whereas CT evaluation is now used in stable patients suffering blunt trauma that may involve the liver. \"",
"Simple\" techniques of repair such as suture hepatorrhaphy, application of topical agents, or application of fibrin glue suffice in 60 per cent (blunt trauma) to 90 per cent (penetrating trauma) of patients with hepatic injuries. ",
"The remainder require \"advanced\" techniques of repair such as extensive hepatorrhaphy, hepatotomy with selective vascular ligation, resectional debridement with selective vascular ligation, lobectomy or segmentectomy, selective hepatic artery ligation, or perihepatic packing. ",
"Using the techniques described, the mortality rate for all patients with hepatic injuries will be approximately 10 per cent, with 75 to 80 per cent of all deaths occurring in the perioperative period from shock or transfusion-related coagulopathies. ",
"The most common major complications in survivors are perihepatic abscesses and postoperative hemorrhage, both of which are frequently treated by the interventional radiologist."
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