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"Encore\n\nShow Notes\n\nThis was Phish’s fourth performance at The Bayou – an 18-and-over show on Fish’s 26th Birthday. ",
"The Janglers opened. ",
"The show started with an announcement of “our drummer’s birthday” and a brief Happy Birthday with audience sing-along before Llama. ",
"Happy Birthday was also teased before The Squirming Coil and during David Bowie and Weekapaug Groove. ",
"David Bowie included Charlie Chan secret language, which caused the band to stop dead mid-song. ",
"The Love You/Whole Lotta Love Jam segment was a birthday tribute to Fish and consisted of Love You, > Vacuum Solo, > Whole Lotta Love Vacuum Jam, > Love You, > Happy Birthday."
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"Q:\n\nStruts JSP previous link\n\nDoes anyone know how I can retrieve the previous JSP URL that a page has come from within a JSP?",
"\nCan I retrieve this from the session/ request/ response object?",
"\nHope this makes sense, Thank you \n\nA:\n\nMany thanks - apologies for not being able to mark my correct answer as the site seems to have changed and i cant see how to do this but i used \n\n"
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"Outcomes of Nonoperative Pediatric Medial Humeral Epicondyle Fractures With and Without Associated Elbow Dislocation.",
"\nMedial epicondyle fractures may occur in isolation or with associated elbow dislocation. ",
"In the absence of open fracture or fragment incarceration, nonoperative management with immobilization has been shown to result in generally successfully outcomes comparable with those reported after surgical fixation. ",
"However, no comparative investigation has assessed outcomes after nonoperative treatment based on the presence or absence of elbow dislocation. ",
"A systematic review was conducted investigating all studies in the literature reporting nonoperative outcomes for isolated medial epicondyle fractures and fracture-dislocations. ",
"Databases included in this review were PubMed, Biosis Preview, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and EMBASE. ",
"We sought to evaluate results related to the incidence and outcomes of bony nonunion and the incidence of elbow stiffness, pain, ulnar neuropathy, cubitus valgus deformity, and laxity between isolated fractures of the medial epicondyle and fracture-dislocations. ",
"Review of the literature yielded 7 studied meeting appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria, comprising 81 total patients (n=42 patients with fracture-dislocations, n=39 patients with isolated fracture). ",
"Bony nonunion occurred in 69% (n=29) of patients with fracture-dislocation versus 49% (n=19) with isolated fractures (P=0.11); however, both groups had minimal clinical or functional disabilities at final follow-up. ",
"Decreased elbow flexion and extension range of motion were significantly more frequent after fracture-dislocation than isolated fractures [43% (n=18) vs. 15% (n=6), respectively, P=0.01], while patients rarely demonstrated pain, ulnar neuropathy, or deformity in the presence or absence of dislocation. ",
"In the absence of absolute surgical indication, nonoperative management of isolated medical epicondyle fractures with or without concomitant elbow dislocation seems to be successful with few long-term complications leading to functional disability. ",
"However, increased rates of nonunion, elbow stiffness, and elbow laxity may occur with fracture-dislocations, and merit further study with validated functional outcome scores. ",
"Further comparative studies are necessary to determine the true indications and outcomes in nonoperatively managed medial epicondyle fractures. ",
"Level II-systematic review of level-II or level-I studies with inconsistent results."
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"\nIn order to analyse the etiology of recurrent hematuria in childhood, we studied 250 children, referred to our Service (age: 6 mo-17 ys; 102 female and 148 male). ",
"They were submitted to the following protocol: urine analyses, uroculture, serum total and fraction complement, electrophoresis of hemoglobin, serum creatinine, BUN, 24h urinary calcium, uric acid and protein, oral calcium load test in children with hypercalciuria (UCa greater than 4mg/kg/day). ",
"Radiological evaluation and renal percutaneous biopsy was performed when necessary. ",
"The following diagnostic distribution was obtained: Alport syndrome, 19; Berger disease, 15; other glomerulopathies, 45; hypercalciuria, 67; uric acid hyperexcretion, 10; nephrolithiasis, 27; urinary tract infection, 14; renal malformation, 8; no diagnosis, 43. ",
"Based in these results, we conclude that appropriate investigation on recurrent hematuria, leads to determination of etiology in over 80% of cases."
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"Individual, Community, and National Resiliencies and Age: Are Older People Less Resilient than Younger Individuals?",
"\nThe resilience of older and younger Israelis was investigated. ",
"A representative sample of the Jewish population in Israel (N = 1,022) was used. ",
"The participants were three adult age-groups (18-35, 36-64, and 65+ years). ",
"Half of them were women, and they evenly represented left-wing and right-wing political attitudes. ",
"Resilience was measured by the ratio of strength and vulnerability of the individual, the community, and the nation. ",
"Older participants did not differ from younger people in sense of danger; reported lower level of distress symptoms; and showed higher individual, community, and national resilience scores based on strength to vulnerability ratio, compared with younger individuals. ",
"These data support the contention that older Israelis are more resilient than younger cohorts. ",
"Their long direct or indirect experience with wars and terror attacks has not decreased their resilience, and has perhaps even strengthened it."
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"ARTISTS\n\nBeckmann, Max\n\nDix, Otto\n\nFaistauer, Anton\n\nFeininger, Lyonel\n\nGrosz, George\n\nHöch, Hannah\n\nKirchner, Ernst Ludwig\n\nKollwitz, Käthe\n\nKubin, Alfred\n\nMasereel, Franz\n\nMeidner, Ludwig\n\nNolde, Emil\n\nSchiele, Egon\n\nESSAY\n\nThe city figured prominently in many modern art movements, starting with French Impressionism. ",
"However, no group of artists was as transfixed by the metropolis as were the German Expressionists. ",
"It is difficult for most of us, living at the dawn of the twenty-first century, to imagine how differently Europeans a hundred years ago perceived the urban environment. ",
"The industrialized city as we now know it was then a fundamentally new phenomenon. ",
"Socially, economically, politically and--last but not least--aesthetically, urbanization overthrew all the comfortable assumptions and habits of the past. ",
"Whether one saw in this the prospect of utopian transformation or the death of human civilization, depended very much on one's point of view. ",
"Both attitudes were encompassed by Expressionism.",
"\n\nExpressionist ambivalence reached its peak in that movement's cityscapes. ",
"The metropolis was at once exciting and threatening, liberating and oppressive, hope-filled and doomed. ",
"Expressionists were divided, amongst and sometimes within themselves, as to whether they wanted to go backwards, to a kind of primordial natural innocence, or forwards, into a dynamic technological future. ",
"On the one hand, they reviled the stultifying bourgeois values of their parents' generation and sought to figuratively annihilate all that had come before. ",
"On the other hand, they feared urban dehumanization, which seemed to short-circuit culture and reduce all social relationships to commodity transactions. ",
"If the Expressionists could have picked and chosen, they would have taken urban energy without the squalor, and preferred a society capable of reconciling the conflicting values of individualism and community. ",
"Such a paradise was not, however, to be found in the capitals of Germany or Austria during the first decades of the twentieth century.",
"\n\nExpressionism was a diverse movement, with differing manifestations in each of the major German-speaking cities, including Vienna. ",
"Naturally, individual artists' views of the city were shaped by their specific urban experiences. ",
"Furthermore, Expressionist cityscapes varied not only according to artist and to place, but also over time. ",
"The early years of the new century were bursting with promise and ambition, whereas in Austria and Germany the period after World War I was plagued by insane inflation, crippling war debt, endemic poverty and social unrest. ",
"This shift from prewar optimism to postwar pessimism is readily observed in Expressionist cityscapes, which more closely mirrored social concerns than did other subject genres.",
"\n\nBerlin was the Expressionist metropolis. ",
"It was new, and it was big, and it was relatively ugly. ",
"Unlike other, older European capitals, Berlin did not for the most part hark back to a genteel past. ",
"Much of the city had grown up quickly following German unification in 1871. ",
"Shaped largely by modern industry, it was a sprawling mass that had little in the way of architectural or natural beauty to recommend it. ",
"Nevertheless, although Berlin embodied some of the worst aspects of urban life, it also represented Germany's claim on the future, the nation's one Weltstadt (world-class city). ",
"As such, it was a powerful magnet for artists, who came to study or teach at the city's academies and exhibit at its many galleries. ",
"Berlin nurtured the avant garde as did no other German city. ",
"Perhaps as a result, Berlin is the city that figures most prominently in the Expressionist canon. ",
"Among those whose views of urban life were shaped by Berlin are Max Beckmann, Lyonel Feininger, George Grosz, Erich Heckel, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Oskar Kokoschka, Käthe Kollwitz, Ludwig Meidner and Max Pechstein.",
"\n\nThe Expressionist city was distinctive in form and content, and these two factors often worked in tandem. ",
"Harsh contrasts in black and white (epitomized by the Expressionist fascination with printmaking) were used to portray a relatively colorless landscape demarcated by tall, shadowy buildings. ",
"Germans adapted the compositional fragmentation of French Cubism to capture a disjointed reality too fast-paced to comprehend in one take. ",
"The angular, jangling Expressionist aesthetic accurately reflected a society that was constantly in flux, propelled onward by an insatiable thirst for new sensations. ",
"Particularly in the prewar period, the Expressionist city was often unpopulated or filled with abstracted \"types\" rather than identifiable personalities. ",
"Artists were more interested in the generic energy of the metropolis than in specifics of locale or character. ",
"These scenes can typically be read in two contradictory ways: as paeans to the force of modern technology, or diatribes against the obliteration of individuality by the urban crowd.",
"\n\nThe anecdotal pleasures of urban life, so prominent in French Impressionism, are not wholly absent from German Expressionism. ",
"But for the most part, when the Germans shifted their focus from the generic to the specific, their judgments were harsh. ",
"The more realistic Expressionism became, the more scathing and explicit was its indictment of modern society. ",
"Käthe Kollwitz, whose work preceded and ultimately superseded Expressionism, was from the outset a social realist, her art always intended as a critique. ",
"In the period after World War I, many others joined her in a quest to reform society by pinpointing its shortcomings. ",
"The metropolis of Max Beckmann, Otto Dix, George Grosz and other Weimar-era artists is characterized by grotesque entertainments, bloated capitalists, venal whores and downtrodden losers. ",
"To the extent that these artists still relied on Expressionist formal devices, their aesthetic matrix became a vertiginous hell. ",
"Expressionist exaggeration was used to populate the city with politically inspired caricatures.",
"\n\nAustria's political and artistic history in the first decades of the twentieth century paralleled Germany's in many ways. ",
"Both countries lost their empires after suffering defeat in World War I, and then flirted briefly with social democracy before succumbing to Nazism. ",
"And both countries developed an Expressionist aesthetic as a way of tracking the human toll of such rampant upheaval. ",
"Nevertheless, there were significant differences between Austria and Germany. ",
"For one thing, Vienna, the Austrian capital, was not heavily industrialized. ",
"This was to cost the nation dearly after World War I, when it ceded its industrial base to the newly formed countries of Hungary and Czechoslovakia. ",
"Still, the benefits of a beautiful, human-scaled and comparatively bucolic capital were not lost on Austria's Expressionists. ",
"The metropolis, as such, figured hardly at all in their work, and the city was as a rule presented in a nonthreatening manner.",
"\n\nCompared to their German counterparts, Austrian cityscapes of the Expressionist era are surprisingly serene. ",
"Quaint architecture, old walls and cobblestones evoke a very passive sort of decay, as in Egon Schiele's \"dead cities\" or certain works by Alfred Kubin. ",
"At the same time, however, these aged buildings seem to vouchsafe the permanence of human creation. ",
"Conceptually, many modern Austrian cityscapes are difficult to distinguish from those of nineteenth-century predecessors such as Rudolf von Alt. ",
"Gothic and Baroque monuments still dominated views of Vienna, and smaller towns, such as Anton Faistauer's Salzburg, tended to exude stability. ",
"Especially under the increasingly dire circumstances of the postwar period, there was more than a little escapism to this approach. ",
"Austria's fear of modern urbanization was expressed in a denial of its existence. ",
"At the same time, by memorializing the enduring traits of the Austrian cityscape, artists endeavored to preserve their sense of national identity in the face of impending dissolution. ",
"The modern metropolis was foreign to them.",
"\n\nWhether one confronted urbanization or attempted to flee it, loved it or hated it, the city was an unavoidable part of twentieth-century life. ",
"But Expressionists on some level failed to fully accept this reality. ",
"German ambivalence toward the city contained elements of utopianism and nihilism that proved a futile defense against Nazi efficiency. ",
"Austrian escapism and denial were equally useless. ",
"The destruction of so many German cities by Allied bombing in World War II provides an ironic coda to the pro- and anti-urban struggles of the Expressionist generation. ",
"In retrospect, it may certainly be said that neither the German-speaking peoples nor their artists fared particularly well in adapting to the dramatic exigencies of change that gripped the Western world at the turn of the last century. ",
"In this sense, the Expressionists were like the proverbial coal-miners' canaries, bravely cheeping out an unheeded warning."
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"Q:\n\nAny way to use string literal u8 with a variable?",
"\n\nAny way to use u8 literal with a varible?",
"\nconst char* name[32];\n(u8)name//something like this\n\nI need to convert name to utf-8 and i just don't know how.",
"\n\nA:\n\nNo, you can't use u8 with a variable. ",
"It only applies to string literals at compile-time, not to data at runtime.",
"\nYou say in comments that you are reading data from other processes. ",
" You have to know the exact encoding of that data before you can convert it to anything meaningful. ",
" Is it already in UTF-8? ",
" Or is it in KOI8-R? ",
" ISO-8859-5? ",
" Don't guess!",
"\nYou could try performing known hueristics on the data to try to detect the encoding dynamically (and there are 3rd party libraries available for that purpose), but that is still a form of guessing (albeit somewhat educated guessing) and thus subject to potentially misleading results.",
"\nIf you can't find out the encoding, then you can't safely convert it to UTF-8 (or anything else, for that matter).",
"\n\n"
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"Tuesday, September 24, 2013\n\nHELLOOOOOO!!!",
"\n\nSo yes. ",
"I have been transfered. ",
"I miss Bay Shore, NY already. ",
"But I am now in Queens, NY in a part called Rego Park. ",
"That is where the mission office is. ",
"Infact, I have the responsibility of learning how to run the backstages of missionary work. ",
"My mission president told me that I am going to take over the office in 6 weeks. ",
"I will also be the new District Leader incharge of the Mission Office in Rego Park in 6 weeks. ",
"I just have to prepare myself by learning all the ways from my District Leader companion Elder A. He is a BEAST!!! ",
"I went on a full day exchange with him during the Hurricane Service in November and I have loved him and wanted to serve with him ever since. ",
"He is a STUD! ",
"I am so sad that i only get 6 weeks with him.",
"\n\nThis week for us has been really really crazy. ",
"We have done everything. ",
"We have moved and prepared a lot of missionaries and apartments for service by moving people, getting orders together, buying needed items, supplying the necessities, and on top of that we have been trying our best to get out and do some good missionary work. ",
"We got to go to lunch with President the other day. (",
"best steak dinner ever at London Linnies) He told us of how he puts some of the most able and best workers in the Rego Park district to do missionary work and then have the added responsibility of running everything else. ",
"So as you could imagine I am a little nervous to be incharge of that next transfer. ",
"But it will be really really fun. ",
"I get a lot of interaction with a lot of people and this will be such a fun position to have. ",
"I'm so pumped to GET WORK DONE! ",
"I have a large checklist to do and you better believe I'm taking notes because my memory alone wont get the job done. ",
"I need organization now. ",
"Haha I'm really thankful that I have been working on that for awhile. ",
"I'm not sure how much time I will have each week to email or such though because we are the most busy missionaries in the mission probably. ",
"I'm already tired. ",
"I was up until 12 last night which is crazy for missionary life.",
"\n\nHowever I did get to go back to Bay Shore on saturday and perform in the Musical Celebration of Families! ",
"I loved it! ",
"There were a lot of people that I was working with that showed up and felt the spirit really strongly. ",
"I am so excited about a few of them. ",
"President Calderwood gave the most powerful testimony of families in the closing remarks it was really amazing.",
"\n\nSo I am busy, tired, but still lovin it! ",
"It's really fun to hear the wise words of the senior office couples in the mission. ",
"Elder B always has some awesome story and lesson for us to learn. ",
"hahahaha it is so fun to be here.",
"\n\nElder A is from Hawaii. ",
"He is a stud who plays the ukalele really well and is just a giant chill teddy bear. ",
"I enjoy pushing him around to make him laugh even though he could eat me. ",
"haha we are working hard though and it has been a blast.",
"\n\nI love you all and you are the GREATEST! ",
"Keep doing the best at whatever you are doing! ",
"Keep your working hard and motives high!"
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"[Benign prostatic hyperplasia: anamnesis and indications for surgery].",
"\nThe benign prostatic hyperplasia is a very common disease we are confronted with in the urological clinical practice. ",
"An exact anamnesis, a careful interpretation and evaluation of the symptoms and of the (initial) findings are indispensable for an obstructive prostatic hyperplasia to be diagnosed. ",
"The diagnostic effort to make an appropriate diagnosis considering as well the pathological process exists mainly of noninvasive methods. ",
"Though once the operation is indicated, the spectrum of exploration must be enlarged. ",
"Provided that the prostatic hyperplasia is identified as being the clear reason for miction difficulties, an adequate therapy may be applied."
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"“In\na time of universal deceit - telling the truth is a revolutionary act.”",
"\n“Political language . . . ",
"is designed to make lies sound truthful\nand murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure\nwind.” ",
"-George Orwell, author and Fabian Socialist\n\nIn my\narticle, “Incrementalism,\nRegionalism and Revolution,” I briefly touched on planning and\nquoted from author, Jo Hindman. ",
"She will again help me explain what is\nhappening vis a vis Urban Renewal and metro-planning. ",
"From her\nbook, Blame Metro, we read, “Much is written about the\nincognito warfare on United States soil which public officials and their\naccomplices are waging to wrest private property from landowners. ",
"The\nstrategy is to make property ownership so unbearable by harassment through\nbuilding inspections, remodeling orders, fines and jailings, that owners\ngive up in despair and sell to land redevelopers at cut-rate prices. ",
"Positive\nmunicipal codes are the weapons in the warfare.",
"”[1]\n\nNote,\nHindman wrote that in 1966, yet it fully applies to today’s attacks\non private property; many of the same strategies are being used, they\njust “changed the names to protect the guilty.”",
"\n\nHindman\nwrites, “‘Strengthening county government’ is a hackneyed\nMetro phrase indicating that the Metro take-over has begun. . .. ",
"Planning\nassistance subsidized by Federal money leads small cities and counties\ninto direct obedience under a regional master plan. ",
"Land use rights are\nliterally stolen (ital. ",
"mine) from landowners when zoning is\napplied to land.",
"”[2]\n\nMimicking\ntoday’s ICLEI V.P. Harvey\nRuvin, the 60s’ American Institute of Planners “makes\nno bones about its socialist stance regarding land; its constitution states\nAIP’s ‘particular sphere of activity shall be the planning\nof the unified development of urban communities and their environs and\nof states, regions, and the nation as expressed through determination\nof the comprehensive arrangement of land uses and land occupancy and the\nregulation thereof.[4]\n. . ",
".The present-day crew of planners, drawing no line between public\nand private property, believe that land-use control should be vested in\ngovernment and that public planners should have sole right to control\nthe use of all land.",
"”[5]\n\nThat\nis not just similar to what is going on today; that is exactly what is\nhappening. ",
"Why? ",
"Because the sons, daughters and cronies of the puppeteers\nthat were pulling the strings back in the beginning and middle of the\n20th Century are pulling the strings of today’s planners. ",
"We just\nhave a new generation of the same treacherous, thieving scheme updated\nwith new-fangled, high-tech sounding names for the same old land (and\npeople) control mechanisms.",
"\n\nPlanners\ntook that technique, one that was designed for studying flora and fauna,\nand tweaked it to apply to humans. ",
"I would say the tweak was more a wrenching,\nactually it is more in the line of suspending critical thinking to superimpose\nthe artificial and nonsensical process of the transect on humans and their\nmobilization.",
"\n\nUnder\nthe biological study, a transect shows where certain flora and fauna thrive,\nexist somewhat readily or barely subsist in the different habitats from\n(get description i.e., arctic to tropical). ",
"With great literary(?) ",
"license,\nplanners take the definition of biologic transect and, like Oliver Stone\nrewrites history, these planners are rewriting biology; they want to play\nan active role in the phylogeny of homo sapiens, in fact they\nwant to devolve it. ",
"One of the problem here is that their fairy tale is\nbeing used to take property rights (and thus liberty) from man and make\nhim a slave. ",
"Laws should not be based upon make-believe. ",
"Yet this country,\nno the entire world is being redesigned using Communitarians’ far-fetched,\npseudo-utopian desires to sate the global elites’ desire to control\nthe entire globe.",
"\n\nLook\nat their definition of transect for people and land planning: “Human\nbeings also thrive in different habitats. ",
"Some people prefer urban centers\nand would suffer in a rural place, while others thrive in the rural or\nsuburban zones. ",
"Before the automobile, American development patterns were\nwalkable, and transects within towns and city neighborhoods revealed areas\nthat were less urban and more urban in character. ",
"This urbanism could\nbe analyzed as natural transects are analyzed.",
"”[Link]\n\nTo compare\nhumans in differing habitats with flora or fauna is absurd, and especially\nbecause the planners are using apples and oranges: “some people\nprefer urban centers and would suffer in a rural place,” does not\nmean the same thing as the biology transect means. ",
"The suffering would\nbe a mental fabrication and would be such that to call it suffering in\nthe same sense as plants or animals outside their natural habitat is absurd.",
"\n\nThe\nplanners also extol the virtues of the time before the automobile, “American\ndevelopment patterns were walkable, and transects within towns and city\nneighborhoods revealed areas that were less urban and more\nurban in character. ",
"This urbanism could be analyzed as natural transects\nare analyzed.” ",
"As if what we have today is “unnatural.”",
"\nWhat these planners keep forgetting (and want us to forget also) is that\nwe humans are part of nature and thus what we are and what we do is\nnatural. ",
"Unlike other animals, we humans have a moral and cognitive\nbrain. ",
"Our brain is what provides us with the necessary tools we need\nto survive and prosper, and one of those tools is the automobile.",
"\n\nSo we\nhave a convoluted, computer-modeled construct of what the entire ecosystem\nof the world should be and is called the Transect. ",
"But as with everything\nelse in this New World Order newspeak, that really isn’t the truth.",
"\nNo, they did not sit down with the details of biological transect and\ntranslate it via computer modeling to a human/development version. ",
"What\nthey did was take The Ideal Communist City[6]\nand figured out how to sell it to the American public by superimposing\nit over the Transect model.",
"\n\nThe APA describes the Transect as “a geographical cross-section\nof a region used to reveal a sequence of environments. ",
"For human environments,\nthis cross-section can be used to identify urban character, a continuum\nthat ranges from rural to urban. ",
"In transect planning, this range of environments\nis the basis for organizing the components of the built world: building,\nlot, land use, street, and all of the other physical elements of the human\nhabitat.[7]\nPay close attention to that last sentence, “the basis for organizing\nthe components of the built world.” ",
"In my understanding of English,\nthat means telling us where each component of our lives goes; we don’t\nget to choose where we build our homes unless they in the area designated\nby planners. ",
"I am not misreading that because that same sentence continues,\n“building, lot, land use, street, and all of the other physical\nelements of the human habitat (ital. ",
"mine).” ",
"Sounds fairly\nsimple to me, we will be told what and where we may build or even if\nwe may build.",
"\n\nTo continue\nfrom the APA article, “In transect planning, the essential task\nis to find the main qualities of immersive environments,[8]\n.... Once these are discovered, transect planning principles are applied\nto rectify the inappropriate intermixing of rural and urban elements --\nbetter known as sprawl. ",
"This is done by eliminating the ‘urbanizing\nof the rural’. . . ",
"or, equally damaging, the ‘ruralizing of\nthe urban.",
"\n\nSubscribe\nto the NewsWithViews Daily News Alerts!",
"\n\nEnter\nYour E-Mail Address:\n\n“To\naid in the specification of different types of immersive environments,\nthe rural-to-urban continuum can be segmented into discrete categories.",
"\nThis approach is also dictated by the requirement that human habitats\nfit within the language of our current approach to land regulation\n(i.e., zoning).”[9]\n\nThe\ndiscrete categories of the transect continuum run from Rural Preserve,\nRural Reserve, Sub-Urban, General Urban, Urban Center to Urban Core. ",
"Understand\nthat the Rural Preserve is the Wildlands, the area humans will be forbidden\nto enter, and the Rural Reserve will be the connecting corridors to the\nReserve area, i.e., corridors for fauna movement and human use will be\nhighly restricted.",
"\n\nRemember,\nas I pointed out at the beginning of this article, the Communitarians,\nor global elites, introduced the zoning and planning systems used in this\ncountry. ",
"Now that they have gotten the American public inured to “planning,”\nthey want to move us to the next step -- where they plan every aspect\nof our lives through planning. ",
"To do so, they have to pretend that the\noriginal zones and plans came from us, the people, so they can say they\nneed to throw the old ones out and introduce a whole new system. ",
"We are\ntold, “The\nmost important obstacle to overcome is the restrictive and incorrect zoning\ncodes currently in force in most municipalities. ",
"Current codes do\nnot allow New Urbanism to be built, but do allow sprawl. ",
"Adopting a TND\nordinance and/or a system of 'smart codes' allows New Urbanism to be built\neasily without having to rewrite existing codes.”",
"\n\nIf you\ngo to the link above, you will see that New Urbanism (transect planning\nplus) deals with everything but property rights. (",
"Actually property rights\nare verboten in this not-so-brave new world they are bringing us, so they\nignore them because property rights will not exist in the not to distant\nfuture if we do not put a stop to this.) ",
"It is Sustainable Development\nwritten in capitals and boldface. ",
"And how do they plan on doing this?",
"\nThe\nmost effective way to implement New Urbanism is to plan for it, and write\nit into zoning and development codes. ",
"This directs all future development\ninto this form.",
"\n\n1.",
"\nHindman, Jo, Blame Metro, Caxton Press, 1966, p. 21.2.",
"\nIbid. ",
"p.80.3.",
"\nWithin APA would be a professional institute — the American Institute\nof Certified Planners — that would be responsible for the national\ncertification of professional planners. “",
"Although AIP was incorporated\nin 1917 (as the American City Planning Institute, renamed the American\nInstitute of Planners in 1939), and ASPO in 1934, we actually trace our\nroots further back to 1909 and the first National Conference on City Planning\nin Washington, D.C. From that and subsequent conferences, the organized\nplanning movement emerged, first through our two predecessors and, since\n1978, through APA.” (",
"from APA\nwebsite)4.",
"\nAIP Constitution (1960).5.",
"\nHindman, Blame Metro, p.116.6.",
"\nBaburov, et al, The Ideal Communist City, i Press Series on the human\nenvironment, 1968.7.",
"\n“Transect Planning,” Duany, Andres and Emily Talen. ",
"APA Journal,\nSummer 2002, Vol. ",
"68, No. ",
"3, p.245.8.",
"\na term borrowed from “the notion of virtual reality. . .. ",
"When these\nvirtual environments are successful, they are said to be immersive --\nvirtual models that function as if they were actual environments.",
"”9.",
"\nIbid, p.247.",
"\n\nKathleen Marquardt\nhas been in the freedom movement since before it was called that. ",
"She\nwas founder and chairman of Putting People First, a non-profit organization\ncombatting the animal rights movement. ",
"Her book, AnimalScam:\nthe Beastly Abuse of Human Rights, was published by Regnery in 1993.",
"\nKathleen has been Vice President of American Policy Center since 2000\nand is the Agenda 21/Sustainable Development expert for Rocky Top Freedom\nCampaign. ",
"She is a contributing writer and researcher for Freedom Advocates.",
"\n\nLook at their definition\nof transect for people and land planning: “Human beings also thrive\nin different habitats. ",
"Some people prefer urban centers and would suffer\nin a rural place, while others thrive in the rural or suburban zones."
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"A taxonomic revision of the genus Oxyopomyrmex André, 1881 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).",
"\nOxyopomyrmex André, 1881 is a small genus of myrmicine ants found in arid grasslands of the Mediterranean region. ",
"Here we provide a new taxonomic revision of the genus. ",
"Twelve species are recognized, including five new to science: O. laevibus sp. ",
"nov. (",
"Greece: Crete), O. magnus sp. ",
"nov. (",
"Spain), O. negevensis sp. ",
"nov. (",
"Israel) O. polybotesi sp. ",
"nov. (",
"Greece: Nisyros, W Turkey) and O. pygmalioni sp. ",
"nov. (",
"Cyprus). ",
"Oxyopomyrmex santschii var. ",
"nigripes Santschi, 1907 and O. santschii var. ",
"nitidior Santschi, 1910 are raised to species level. ",
"The following new synonymies are proposed: O. krueperi Forel, 1911 = O. lagoi Menozzi, 1936 syn. ",
"nov.; ",
"O. nigripes Santschi, 1907 = O. sabulonis var. ",
"rugocciput Santschi, 1923 syn. ",
"nov. ",
"= O. emeryi var. ",
"brunnescens Santschi, 1929 syn. ",
"nov.; ",
"O. nitidior Santschi, 1910 = O. emeryi var. ",
"laticeps Santschi, 1915 syn. ",
"nov. ",
"= O. emeryi st. ",
"sabulonis Santschi, 1915 syn. ",
"nov.; ",
"O. saulcyi Emery, 1889 = O. santschii Forel, 1904 syn. ",
"nov. ",
"= O. santschii var. ",
"siciliana Karavaiev, 1912 syn. ",
"nov. ",
"= O. gaetulus Santschi, 1929 syn. ",
"nov. ",
"= O. saulcyi var. ",
"latinodis Santschi, 1939 syn. ",
"nov. ",
"A neotype for O. oculatus André, 1881 is designated. ",
"An identification key based on the gyne, male and worker caste is provided."
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"(New York) – A decade’s perspective highlights the enormous damage that the attacks of September 11, 2001 did to the human rights cause. ",
"There was, first of all, the irreparable damage of lives lost that day – some 3,000 people from many nations. ",
"Terrorism – the deliberate targeting of civilians for political ends – is an affront to the human rights movement. ",
"The values of human rights place respect for the individual at their core. ",
"Terrorism treats individuals as pawns, to be disposed of for political ends.",
"\n\nSuicide attacks have long been a tool for terrorists, but the magnitude of the September 11 assault spawned replication. ",
"Most people were repulsed by this killing, but enough were inspired that it contributed to an epidemic of suicide attacks on civilians in the ensuing decade. ",
"Victims multiplied in many countries. ",
"The growing willingness of some to sacrifice themselves for a cause has further complicated the defense against terrorism. ",
"And the realization that there are no limits to what terrorists might attempt made the quest to stop them all the more urgent.",
"\n\nYet the damaging legacy of September 11 can also be found in the reaction. ",
"Some recognized that the best antidote to terrorism was to reaffirm the values of humanity it flouted – that the most effective way to counter the appeal of mass murder was to scrupulously respect human rights and the rule of law. ",
"Yet all too often, those leading the counterterrorism charge adopted the ends-justify-the-means logic of the terrorists. ",
"The result was a litany of practices whose names are now synonymous with blatant disregard for human rights: Guantanamo, military commissions, CIA “black sites,” water-boarding and other “enhanced interrogation techniques,” extraordinary rendition to torture covered up by meaningless “diplomatic assurances,” among others.",
"\n\nUndertaken in the name of expediency, these abuses may have spurred more terrorist attacks. ",
"Those who deployed them lost the moral high ground, undermined trust in law-enforcement officials, and discarded lawful techniques for piercing secretive criminal enterprises that had long proved effective.",
"\n\nThey also bred copycat responses by governments whose interest was less stopping terrorism than using the latest rhetoric of convenience to silence political opposition. ",
"Overbroad and vague anti-terrorism laws proliferated. ",
"Peaceful dissidents were labeled terrorists and detained without trial. ",
"Torture and arbitrary detention became harder to combat because “that’s what Bush did.” ",
"Many governments best placed to reverse these damaging trends were silenced by their own complicity in them – and by their tendency to welcome virtually anything said to be done in the name of fighting terrorism.",
"\n\nToday, there has been global progress in curtailing counterterrorism abuses, but little willingness to hold abusive officials to account. ",
"For example, saying that he would “look forward and not backwards,” President Barack Obama has decreed an end to torture by US agents but refused to prosecute those who ordered it. ",
"Nor have most governments investigated, let alone prosecuted, their own abusive officials. ",
"This failure to uphold the rule of law risks transforming torture and other serious human rights violations from blatant criminal offenses to permissible policy options.",
"\n\nThe tenth anniversary of the September 11 attacks is thus an occasion to remember its victims and to reaffirm the importance of human rights, to oppose the terrorist who kills civilians in the name of a cause and the official who “disappears” or tortures suspects in the name of fighting terrorism."
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"- (-4)/(-7) - -1)?",
"\n-4\nEvaluate (-96)/(-28)*42*(-14)/(-168).",
"\n12\nWhat is 13*(4/(-6))/(200/150)?",
"\n-13/2\nCalculate ((-6)/10)/((-2178)/330).",
"\n1/11\nCalculate -88*(-5)/40 - -21*(-5)/15.",
"\n4\nEvaluate -140*(22/8)/11.",
"\n-35\nWhat is -4*25/20 + (6 - 3)?",
"\n-2\n(34*77/(-198) - (-2)/9)/3\n-13/3\nWhat is (-2 + 1)*4*(-6)/(-2)?",
"\n-12\n(-14552)/(-918) - (34 + -18)\n-4/27\nWhat is -4 - -2 - 11/((-66)/24)?",
"\n2\nCalculate 112/(-154) - 437/(-1463).",
"\n-3/7\n(-5)/(65/15 - 4)\n-15\nWhat is 4/(-20)*3 - (-3135)/(-275)?",
"\n-12\nEvaluate (6/15 - 3/(-5))*(-890)/(-8900).",
"\n1/10\nCalculate 3/60 + (-4)/16 - 55/(-25).",
"\n2\nEvaluate (23/(-138))/(((-195)/100)/(-13)).",
"\n-10/9\nWhat is the value of 12/18*(2 - (3 + 134/(-128)))?",
"\n1/32\nEvaluate 4596/594 + -8 + 4/(-22).",
"\n-4/9\nWhat is (-2)/((-2)/9) + (-34 - (-10 + -17))?",
"\n2\nCalculate (-18)/(-63)*(-525)/(-30).",
"\n5\n-21 + 12 - (-3)/(48/304)\n10\nEvaluate 25 + 12 + -78*5/15.",
"\n11\n(-2)/(-7) - ((-13248)/672 - 18)\n38\nCalculate (-2305)/(-9681)*(-1120)/(-25).",
"\n32/3\nCalculate -38 + (13 - -16) + (20 - 0).",
"\n11\nEvaluate 40*-18*10/(-1440).",
"\n5\nWhat is the value of 84/(-189) + 35/(-63)?",
"\n-1\nWhat is the value of (-6)/15*-10*(-666)/1184?",
"\n-9/4\nWhat is the value of 5/(0 + 1) + (-70)/(18 + 17)?",
"\n3\nWhat is the value of (-3)/60*450/60 - (-86)/16?",
"\n5\n-3*1 + (722/66 - 152/(-2508))\n8\nEvaluate (11 + -10)*16/56.",
"\n2/7\n(-90)/(-18) + (-10)/1\n-5\n2 - (-191)/7 - ((-12960)/(-280) + -47)\n30\nWhat is the value of (3535/(-210) - -21)*6/40?",
"\n5/8\nWhat is (-74)/(-8) + (-15 - (6 + -14))?",
"\n9/4\nWhat is (7 - (-546)/(-49) - -5)/(30/21)?",
"\n3/5\nWhat is -6 + ((-45)/(-6) - 32/(256/72))?",
"\n-15/2\nWhat is the value of (-72)/32 - (7 - 250/40)?",
"\n-3\nCalculate (200/(-224) + 1)*21/(-6).",
"\n-3/8\nWhat is the value of 58/14 + 472/28 + -17?",
"\n4\nWhat is 0/(-2) - (-233 - -238)?",
"\n-5\nEvaluate (2/(-35))/((-51)/1309)*-3.",
"\n-22/5\nWhat is the value of 16 + (20/(-5)*1 - -4)/(-2)?",
"\n16\nWhat is (-3)/(-3)*(-380)/(-76)?",
"\n5\nWhat is 10/63 - (-51 + (-2130)/(-42))?",
"\n4/9\nEvaluate (8280/(-184))/(-2 - -5).",
"\n-15\nWhat is 1*(-756)/22 + (26964/(-1177))/(-63)?",
"\n-34\n(-13)/(-18) + (116/8 - 15)\n2/9\nWhat is 322/483*1/3?",
"\n2/9\nWhat is the value of 32/(-1 + 3/9 - (-672)/252)?",
"\n16\n(1 - 0/(-1))*(3 + (-50)/15)\n-1/3\n(12/105 + 0)*30/4\n6/7\nEvaluate 83/((-9960)/(-2240))*1*(-9)/6.",
"\n-28\nWhat is the value of 9 - (4 + 1) - (-87 - -7)/10?",
"\n12\nCalculate (-904)/(-100) + ((-72)/(-30))/(20/(-75)).",
"\n1/25\nCalculate -5*((-12166)/(-630) - 19).",
"\n-14/9\nCalculate (10/(-20))/((-1)/(-2))*8/24.",
"\n-1/3\nEvaluate (-3078)/1710 - (-2 - 76/(-230)).",
"\n-3/23\nWhat is the value of -24 + 34 + -9 + 2 + 8?",
"\n11\nEvaluate (-124)/2511*(2 - (-3)/(-6)).",
"\n-2/27\nWhat is -1*(8 - -9) - (-4753)/280?",
"\n-1/40\nCalculate 0/((-17)/(17/13)) + 4/(-11).",
"\n-4/11\nWhat is the value of (12/14)/(135/(-11025)*-7)?",
"\n10\nEvaluate 15/(-170)*-17 + 18/(-12).",
"\n0\nWhat is the value of (-108)/(-20) - 5 - (-308)/(-2310)?",
"\n4/15\nCalculate (-2)/35 + -46*-16*(-19)/(-5320).",
"\n18/7\nWhat is the value of (-10)/15*((-5)/(2150/3840) + 9)?",
"\n-2/43\nWhat is the value of (-438)/624 - ((-14)/26)/7?",
"\n-5/8\nCalculate (-3 + (-11)/(-2))*(-12)/5.",
"\n-6\nWhat is the value of 13*(-775)/(-910) - 11/1?",
"\n1/14\nWhat is the value of (1494/(-369) - -4)/(-4 + 3)?",
"\n2/41\nWhat is ((-17)/(123 + 13))/1?",
"\n-1/8\nWhat is the value of -10 - (-15)/40*28?",
"\n1/2\nWhat is (1504/96 - 25)*6/231*9?",
"\n-24/11\nCalculate (-1430)/(-154) + (-6)/21.",
"\n9\nEvaluate (-147)/(-42)*160/(-56).",
"\n-10\nEvaluate (-36)/54 - (-28)/6.",
"\n4\nWhat is (-14 - -1)*(-18)/(18/1)?",
"\n13\nCalculate (-8 - (-72)/9) + (-3)/(-6).",
"\n1/2\nEvaluate 21 - (-17 - 1360/(-35)).",
"\n-6/7\nWhat is the value of (15 - 912/64)*-4?",
"\n-3\nEvaluate (-1)/(3 - 1)*-5*(-4)/(-5).",
"\n2\nEvaluate 4059/738 - 2/4.",
"\n5\nWhat is (-110)/9 - -4 - (-19)/171*2?",
"\n-8\nCalculate (-3)/((-3)/(-4)) + (-77)/11.",
"\n-11\n((-264)/16 + 8)/((-8)/16)\n17\nCalculate 3/7 - 19/(-1368)*-24.",
"\n2/21\n0 - 182/(-130) - 2/5\n1\nWhat is 14 + (-759)/55 + 2 + 57/(-35)?",
"\n4/7\n5 - 8 - ((-71)/30 + (-88)/176)\n-2/15\nWhat is 29 + ((-11448)/(-11))/(-36)?",
"\n1/11\nWhat is the value of 465/620 - ((-63)/24)/((-195)/50)?",
"\n1/13\n(-72)/1144 - (-4)/26\n1/11\nCalculate ((-104)/(-2340)*153)/(-3*2/15).",
"\n-17\nWhat is the value of (-5)/((-300)/(-280))*(-2)/70?",
"\n2/15\nEvaluate ((-8)/32)/(2/3*(-29)/232).",
"\n3\nEvaluate 24/16*(-104)/3978.",
"\n-2/51\nWhat is (4/(-18))/((-1243)/(-12430))?",
"\n-20/9\n(8/32)/(21/42)\n1/2\nWhat is -20*(10 - (-82)/(-8)) + 38/(-7)?",
"\n-3/7\nWhat is the value of (-79 - -55) + 23 + -2?",
"\n-3\nWhat is the value of 4582/7584 - (-8)/(-12)?",
"\n-1/16\nWhat is the value of (-216)/(-9) + -18 - (0 + (-37)/(-6))?",
"\n-1/6\n(-7)/245*9 - (287/(-49) + 5)\n3/5\nCalculate 11 - ((-151)/(-12) - (-3 + (-481)/(-156))).",
"\n-3/2\nEvaluate 119/(-105) + 24/30.",
"\n-1/3\nEvaluate 3/(-246)*(-176)/(-22)*(-1)/2.",
"\n2/41\nCalculate ((-504)/(-45) - -1) + ((-16)/(-10))/(-8).",
"\n12\nEvaluate (3 - -7)/5 - 7/(-133)*-36.",
"\n2/19\nEvaluate 125/(-25)*360/(-225).",
"\n8\nWhat is the value of (-5 - -5)/5 + (-28)/(-238)?",
"\n2/17\nEvaluate ((-897)/(-13) - 9)/(88/22).",
"\n15\nEvaluate ((-56)/(-22))/(1440/528)*(-18)/(-21).",
"\n4/5\nCalculate 468/63*14/(-4) + -5.",
"\n-31\nWhat is -2*(-2)/4*-2?",
"\n-2\nCalculate 4/(144/228)*-3.",
"\n-19\n12/(-15) + (-15 - (-1694)/105)\n1/3\nWhat is the value of 142/(-110) - (594/30 + -21)?",
"\n-1/11\nCalculate (8/31)/(-4) + (-104040)/4743.",
"\n-22\nEvaluate -7 + 12 + -13 + 3/((-195)/(-535)).",
"\n3/13\nCalculate 13/(-9) + 1 - ((-16430)/(-279) + -59).",
"\n-1/3\nWhat is the value of (14/(-8) - 2211/(-1188)) + 95/(-45)?",
"\n-2\nWhat is the value of ((-96)/108)/(12/(-216) + 0/3)?",
"\n16\nEvaluate 340/765 - 28/(-18).",
"\n2\nEvaluate (33 + (-111146)/3366)*-1.",
"\n2/99\nWhat is the value of ((10 - 6) + -3)/((-1)/(-6))?",
"\n6\nCalculate ((-36)/(-90))/((-14)/21*6).",
"\n-1/10\nCalculate (-70 - -74) + (-2 + 0 - -12 - 3).",
"\n11\nEvaluate ((-74)/(-1665))/(3/(-5)).",
"\n-2/27\n3 - ((-78)/130)/(2/70)\n24\nEvaluate ((-10)/15 - (-1020)/315)/((-3)/28).",
"\n-24\nCalculate -3 - ((-180)/(-75))/(4/(-20)).",
"\n9\nEvaluate ((-792)/660)/(2 + (2 - 2)).",
"\n-3/5\nWhat is 207900/(-28980) - 4/(-23)?",
"\n-7\n(1048/1179)/((-4)/(-3)) - (-1)/(-6)\n1/2\nWhat is the value of (-1 - (-44)/32)/(-14 - (-5094)/360)?",
"\n5/2\nCalculate (-148)/28 + -1 - 42/(-6).",
"\n5/7\nCalculate (-2)/(-12) + (-368)/(-96) - 13.",
"\n-9\nWhat is the value of ((-4)/6)/(1218/43848)?",
"\n-24\nCalculate ((-40)/(-72))/((-2)/(-18)).",
"\n5\n(1/55)/(-39*(-22)/17160)\n4/11\nWhat is 117/((-234)/8)*(-6)/20?",
"\n6/5\n(-42)/(-70)*(-15)/9\n-1\n(-38)/(-4)*(-8364)/(-13243)\n6\nWhat is (-70)/35*(-12)/(-200)*3/9?",
"\n-1/25\n(58/3)/(-2) - 32/24\n-11\nWhat is the value of 32964/(-54270) - (-24)/45?",
"\n-2/27\nWhat is the value of (44/(-99))/((-44)/162)?",
"\n18/11\n6948/(-1296) - (85/45 + -3)\n-17/4\nWhat is the value of (9/(-24))/(1461/21428)?",
"\n-11/2\n(4 + 2 + (-126)/27)/((-2)/36)\n-24\n3/(54/(-4)) - 38/(11970/(-6055))\n19\n13*(-98)/182 - (-5)/(110/156)\n1/11\nCalculate 11 + ((-8)/(-13 - 3))/((-9)/144).",
"\n3\nWhat is the value of (-360)/7920 + 2/(-44)?",
"\n-1/11\nEvaluate 3*(-132)/90 - -4.",
"\n-2/5\nEvaluate 1700/(-73 + 158) - (37 + 0).",
"\n-17\n(333/21 + -16)/(8/14)\n-1/4\nCalculate (-1)/((-39)/(-10))*(-68 - 6174/(-90)).",
"\n-2/13\n22/(-33) - (152/24 + 30/(-5))\n-1\nWhat is (-37)/((-555)/(-6))*((-5)/36)/1?",
"\n1/18\nWhat is -31 + (5 - (-26 - -16))?",
"\n-16\nEvaluate 484/33*219/(-146).",
"\n-22\nEvaluate (-1)/3*6*6.",
"\n-12\nWhat is (-44253)/23244 + (-28)/(-16)?",
"\n-2/13\n(-24)/64 + 1780/5600\n-2/35\nWhat is ((-34944)/(-140140) - (-2)/55)*70/(-2)?",
"\n-10\nEvaluate (-6)/4 - (-3111)/366.",
"\n7\n92/4 - (-32)/(-2)\n7\nWhat is the value of (-37)/(851/(-136)) + 5/((-5)/6)?",
"\n-2/23\nEvaluate ((-8)/14)/(-2*20/28).",
"\n2/5\nEvaluate (76/(-57))/(1/3 - 1).",
"\n2\nCalculate 188/70 - (1232/(-220) + 7).",
"\n9/7\n((-22)/(308/(-35)))/((-1190)/56)\n-2/17\n((-1)/(-1)*-1)/(45/((-3105)/3))\n23\nWhat is the value of (-48)/396*(-66)/60?",
"\n2/15\nWhat is the value of 2/((-1610)/(-182) + -9)?",
"\n-13\nWhat is the value of (1/(-14) - 909/(-2828)) + 123/(-12)?",
"\n-10\nEvaluate (12/(-18))/((-2)/35*7).",
"\n5/3\nCalculate (16/(-110))/(97/(-2134)).",
"\n16/5\n(28/(-63))/(220/30)\n-2/33\nWhat is 126/36*(-1)/((-105)/(-18))?",
"\n-3/5\nCalculate 12 - 7130/207 - -20.",
"\n-22/9\nWhat is ((-65)/(-26))/(((-17)/136)/(2/8))?",
"\n-5\nEvaluate 7/(1820/(-120)) + (-232)/(-390).",
"\n2/15\n((-380)/(-1710))/((-4)/(-66))\n11/3\nEvaluate ((-270)/972)/((-20)/(-24)).",
"\n-1/3\nEvaluate 32175/220 + -126 - ((-2)/8)/(-1).",
"\n20\nWhat is the value of 36/(-30)*320/(-24) + -7?",
"\n9\nWhat is the value of 60/(-14) - (-39 + 1260/36)?",
"\n-2/7\nEvaluate 96/7 + 31/((-589)/285).",
"\n-9/7\nWhat is the value of ((-1)/(-4))/(-56 - (-82662)/1472)?",
"\n8/5\nWhat is the value of (3/336*12)/(207/(-552))?",
"\n-2/7\nCalculate (308/(-49) - -6)/((-5)/((-315)/297)).",
"\n-2/33\nCalculate (-72)/(-192) - (-413)/(-504).",
"\n-4/9\nWhat is the value of -4*(10 - (3 + 1))*26/"
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"Application of a deductive database system to search for topological and similar three-dimensional structures in protein.",
"\nA deductive database system PACADE (Protein Atomic Coordinate Analyzer with Deductive Engine) has been developed for protein structure analysis. ",
"With this system, super-secondary structures described in logical and declarative rules can be retrieved effectively. ",
"For protein structure analysis, comparison of local structures in different proteins is a necessary mean. ",
"A function to search for similar structures has, therefore, been added to the PACADE system. ",
"We describe herein the result of searches for the same topological structures and three-dimensionally similar ones. ",
"A user of PACADE can select these two levels of similarity by changing parameters. ",
"This function enables the inference system to retrieve similar structures, according to the restraints of variables defined by the user. ",
"Similar super-secondary structures among proteins can be searched for automatically, which is useful for protein structure analysis. ",
"The retrieved similar super-secondary structures can serve as criteria for protein spatial alignment."
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"\nA comprehensive literature review on the subject of drug and alcohol treatments in correctional services reveals the size of the drug and alcohol problem within the prison population and reconfirms the positive correlation between drugs, alcohol and criminal activity. ",
"Disturbingly few comprehensive ongoing assessment and treatment services are available for the prison population. ",
"Special drug and alcohol-related issues such as HIV and hepatitis B infection, and high drug-related post-release prisoner mortality rates demand an urgent review of the policies and procedures concerning the assessment and treatment of drug and alcohol problems in correctional facilities."
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"Q:\n\nHow to transform an array into a Component in CSML?",
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"\nMy problem is that I can't loop inside the Carousel component.",
"\nmainCourse:\n\n// my array \ndo menu = [\n { \"name\": \"Margarita\", \"type\":\"pizza\", \"image\":\"https://i1.wp.com/mycornerofitaly.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/02-margherita.png?zoom=2&resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" },\n { \"name\": \"Marinara\", \"type\":\"pizza\", \"image\":\"https://i1.wp.com/mycornerofitaly.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/01-marinara.png?zoom=2&resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" },\n { \"name\": \"Quatro Fromaggi\", \"type\":\"pizza\", \"image\":\"https://i2.wp.com/mycornerofitaly.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/08-quattro-formaggi.png?zoom=2&resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" },\n { \"name\": \"Calzone\", \"type\":\"pizza\", \"image\":\"https://i1.wp.com/mycornerofitaly.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/14-calzone-tav.png?zoom=2&resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" },\n { \"name\": \"Vegetariana\", \"type\":\"pizza\", \"image\":\"https://i2.wp.com/mycornerofitaly.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/13-vegetariana.png?zoom=2&resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" }\n ...\n ]\n\nsay \"Thank you, I also love {{firstChoice}} \"\nsay \"Which pizza would you like? \"",
"\nsay Carousel(\n cards = [\n // Where I'd like to include my array\n ]\n )\n\nthanks!",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou need to iterate through the Array in order to have a component-compatible list of Card() components, here is the doc for reference: https://docs.csml.dev/studio/channels/slack/message-formats#carousel-card\nSo the code below would work:\nstart:\n do menu = [\n { \"name\": \"Margarita\", \"type\":\"pizza\", \"image\":\"https://i1.wp.com/mycornerofitaly.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/02-margherita.png?zoom=2&resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" },\n { \"name\": \"Marinara\", \"type\":\"pizza\", \"image\":\"https://i1.wp.com/mycornerofitaly.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/01-marinara.png?zoom=2&resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" },\n { \"name\": \"Quatro Fromaggi\", \"type\":\"pizza\", \"image\":\"https://i2.wp.com/mycornerofitaly.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/08-quattro-formaggi.png?zoom=2&resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" },\n { \"name\": \"Diavola\", \"type\":\"pizza\", \"image\":\"https://i1.wp.com/mycornerofitaly.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/11-diavola.png?zoom=2&resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" },\n { \"name\": \"Calzone\", \"type\":\"pizza\", \"image\":\"https://i1.wp.com/mycornerofitaly.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/14-calzone-tav.png?zoom=2&resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" },\n { \"name\": \"Vegetariana\", \"type\":\"pizza\", \"image\":\"https://i2.wp.com/mycornerofitaly.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/13-vegetariana.png?zoom=2&resize=150%2C150&ssl=1\" }\n ]\n \n // You create an empty array\n do cards = []\n\n // You loop through your array and foreach entry you create a Card() component\n // that you add to the array that'll you'll later use for the Carousel() component\n foreach (v, i) in menu {\n do newCard = Card(\n title=v.name,\n subtitle=v.type,\n image_url=v.image,\n buttons=[Button(\"Choose\")]\n )\n do cards.push(newCard)\n }\n say Carousel(cards=cards)\ngoto end\n\n"
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"De acordo com uma notícia publicada esta sexta-feira no jornal Correio da Manhã, o antigo jogador do FC Porto Lucho González está a ser acusado de tentativa de homicídio por parte da mulher Andreia Marques.",
"\n\n“Andreia Marques, mulher de Lucho González, acusa o antigo jogador do FC Porto de a ter tentado matar, no dia 8 de dezembro, em casa, no Brasil. ",
"O tribunal do Paraná emitiu agora uma ordem de restrição do jogador à mulher e aos filhos”, lê-se no jornal.",
"\n\nPoucas horas antes, Lucho, de 36 anos, comunicou que tinha terminado a sua ligação ao At. ",
"Paranaense, depois de 15 meses ao serviço do clube brasileiro.",
"\n\n\"Não podia deixar de agradecer ao Atlético Paranaense pelos 15 meses que vivi aqui. ",
"Agradeço muito ao presidente, à direção e ao Paulo Autuori, que foi um dos grandes responsáveis para que eu viesse para o clube\", referiu o jogador argentino.",
"\n\nDiferente versão tem a mulher: “Expulsaram-no porque sabiam que isto era um escândalo”.",
"\n\n\"Pendurou-me na varanda, chamou os filhos para me virem ver cair\", afirmou a portuguesa, acrescentando que o jogador também agrediu o filho Matteo: \"Pegou-lhe num braço e atirou-o ao chão\"."
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"Project Management Research & Development Center\n\nManagement Research & Development Center is a research center within the National Iranian Petrochemical Company (NIPC). ",
"It was established in 2002 and does such activities as training, project management research, publication and so on. ",
"The Center provides training courses in cooperation with local universities.",
"\nThis center is located within the office complex of the NIPC in the Haftetir district.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n PMIR website\n\nCategory:Research institutes in Iran"
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"\nNO. ",
"07-06-0381-CR\n\nIN THE COURT OF APPEALS\n\nFOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS\n\nAT AMARILLO\n\nPANEL A\n\nJULY 22, 2008\n ______________________________\n\nJ. W. MARSHALL, APPELLANT\n\nV.\n\nTHE STATE OF TEXAS, APPELLEE\n_________________________________\n\nFROM THE CRIMINAL JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF JEFFERSON COUNTY;\n\nNO. ",
"92977; HONORABLE LARRY GIST, JUDGE\n_______________________________\n\n\nBefore CAMPBELL and HANCOCK and PIRTLE, JJ.",
"\nMEMORANDUM OPINION\n Appellant, J. W. Marshall, appeals from his conviction for possession of a controlled\r\nsubstance of more than one gram but less than four grams and sentence of 10 years in\r\nthe Institutional Division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. ",
" We affirm.",
"\nFactual and Procedural Background\n Two officers of the Beaumont Police Department were dispatched to an address in\r\nBeaumont about midnight when there were reports of a large fight in progress and shots\r\nbeing fired. ",
" Upon arrival at the apartment complex, both officers noticed a vehicle back\r\nout of a parking space rapidly and attempt to leave the scene. ",
" Based upon this activity,\r\nthe officers pulled up behind the vehicle and stopped it by illuminating the subject vehicle\r\nwith its search light. ",
" Both officers testified that as the vehicle was stopping they noticed\r\nthat there were several minor children in the vehicle that did not appear to be seated with\r\nany type of seat restraints. ",
" The officer driving the police vehicle approached the driver’s\r\nside of the subject vehicle while the second officer approached the passenger side. ",
"\r\nAppellant was the passenger. ",
" The officer with appellant asked that appellant step from the\r\nvehicle and go to the rear. ",
" After initially complying with the officer’s request, appellant\r\nbecame somewhat uncooperative when the officer attempted to pat him down for\r\nweapons. ",
" Both officers had initially stated that there was concern for officer safety\r\nbecause a weapon was reported to have been used in the disturbance they were sent to\r\ninvestigate. ",
" While attempting to pat down appellant, a baggie of what was later determined\r\nto be crack cocaine fell to the ground and appellant began stepping on it, apparently trying\r\nto hide or destroy the contraband. ",
" Appellant was arrested and placed in the patrol car.",
"\n Prior to trial, appellant had at least two different attorneys. ",
" The second attorney\r\nfiled a number of motions, one of which was an election to have the jury assess\r\npunishment. ",
" At trial, a third attorney represented appellant. ",
" During voir dire, the trial\r\nattorney made two specific references to the judge assessing punishment. ",
" At the\r\nconclusion of the testimony and before the charge was read to the jury, appellant\r\nrequested a charge pursuant to article 38.23 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. ",
"\r\nTex. ",
"Code Crim. ",
"Proc. ",
"Ann. ",
"art. ",
"38.23 (Vernon 2005).",
"\n The trial judge refused the\r\nrequest. ",
" After the jury convicted appellant on the possession charge, the jury was\r\ndismissed and a pre-sentence report was ordered by the trial judge. ",
" Subsequently, at a\r\nlater hearing on punishment, the judge assessed punishment at 10 years confinement.",
"\n Appellant now raises two contentions. ",
" First, he argues that the sentencing was\r\nimproper because he did not withdraw or waive his right to be punished by the jury. ",
"\r\nSecondly, he contends that the trial court erred when the court refused his requested jury\r\nissue regarding his arrest and seizure of the contraband. ",
" We will address appellant’s\r\ncontentions in the order they arose at trial.",
"\nRefusal of Art. ",
"38.23 Jury Instruction\n Article 38.23 provides in its relevant parts as follows:\n“(a) No evidence obtained by an officer or other person\r\nin violation of any provisions of the Constitution or laws of the\r\nState of Texas, or Constitution or laws of the United States of\r\nAmerica, shall be admitted in evidence against the accused on\r\nthe trial of any criminal case.",
"\n \nIn any case where the legal evidence raises an issue\r\nhereunder, the jury shall be instructed that if it believes, or has\r\na reasonable doubt, that the evidence was obtained in violation\r\nof the provisions of this Article, then and in such event, the jury\r\nshall disregard any such evidence so obtained.”",
"\nArt. ",
"38.23. ",
" In reviewing a challenge for failure to give the requested jury instruction, we\r\nmust review the evidence to determine, initially, whether there is a factual dispute about\r\nhow the evidence was obtained. ",
" Pickens v. State, 165 S.W.3d 675, 680 (Tex.",
"Crim.",
"App.",
"\r\n2005). ",
" If the facts do not raise a dispute about how the evidence was obtained, then there\r\nis no requirement for giving the requested charge. ",
" Id.\n The record before us demonstrates that all witnesses to the initial stop of the vehicle\r\nin which appellant was a passenger stated that the vehicle was stopped because it was\r\nattempting to leave the scene of a reported fight with shots fired. ",
" Additionally, each officer\r\ntestified that, as they were stopping the vehicle, they noticed minor children in the back\r\nwho did not appear to be restrained, as required by the Texas Transportation Code. ",
" Tex.",
"\r\nTrans. ",
"Code Ann. § ",
"545.413 (Vernon Supp. ",
"2007). ",
" There was no evidence introduced at\r\ntrial that would suggest any reason other than that testified to by the officers involved for\r\nthe reason to stop the vehicle appellant was a passenger in. ",
" At the heart of appellant’s\r\ncomplaint is an allegation that the stop was not legally permissible under the rules adopted\r\nby the Texas Courts following the U. S. Supreme Court’s decision in Terry v. Ohio. ",
" Terry\r\nv. Ohio, 392 U.S.1, 88 S.Ct. ",
"1868, 20 L.Ed. ",
"2d 889 (1968), see also Carmouche v. State,\r\n10 S.W.3d 323, 327-28 (Tex.",
"Crim.",
"App. ",
"2000). ",
" The underlying legality of the stop was a\r\nmatter of law for the trial court. ",
" Id. (explaining the standard of review for an appellate court\r\nreviewing the legality of a Terry type detention.) ",
" Accordingly, there was no factual dispute\r\nas to the reason for the stop and, therefore, no requirement that the trial court give the\r\nrequested instruction. ",
" Pickens, 165 S.W.3d at 680. ",
" Appellant’s issue is overruled. ",
"\n \nAssessment of Punishment\n The record demonstrates that, prior to the trial, one of appellant’s previous attorneys\r\nhad filed an election to have the jury assess punishment in the case of a finding of guilt. ",
"\r\nThe record also indicates that the written election was never withdrawn by any document\r\nfiled during the trial. ",
" Based upon this record, appellant now concludes that the punishment\r\nassessment by the court violated his due process rights. ",
" \n The right to have a jury assess punishment is a right furnished by article\r\n37.07(2)(b)(2) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure. ",
" This right to have a jury assess\r\npunishment is purely statutory and does not rise to the level of a constitutional right. ",
"\r\nBarrow v. State, 207 S.W.3d 377, 380 (Tex.",
"Crim.",
"App. ",
"2006). ",
" Further, the statutory\r\nscheme provides that, “If a finding of guilt is returned, the defendant may, with consent of\r\nthe attorney for the state, change his election of one who assesses the punishment.” ",
" Art.",
"\r\n37.07(2)(b). ",
" The lack of a written jury waiver has been held not harmful when the record\r\nreflects that the defendant was aware of his right to have a jury trial on the issue at hand. ",
"\r\nJohnson v. State, 72 S.W.3d 346, 348 (Tex.",
"Crim.",
"App. ",
"2002)(applying the analysis of error\r\nunder Appellate Rule 44.2(b)).",
"\n Tex. ",
"R. App. ",
"P. 44.2(b). ",
" For purposes of analysis we\r\nassume, without deciding, that the action of the trial court in deciding the issue of\r\npunishment was error.",
"\n\n The record of the trial clearly shows that, during voir dire while addressing an\r\nindividual panel member, appellant’s counsel made the following statement, “We’re going\r\nto the Court for punishment, your Honor, in the event of conviction.” ",
" Later, while\r\naddressing another voir dire panel member, the attorney for appellant again referenced\r\ngoing to the trial court for punishment with the following statement, “ So, if the punishment\r\nisn’t an issue for the jury, if you’re just to decide whether or not she’s proved her case,\r\nwhether he’s guilty of possessing it, then you can do that as long as it’s not\r\npunishment–you’re not involved in punishment?” ",
" Finally, after the jury convicted appellant,\r\nthe trial court dismissed the jury and took up the issue of punishment without any objection\r\nfrom appellant. ",
" \n Under the facts of this case, it is very clear that appellant was aware of his right to\r\nhave the jury assess punishment. ",
" As such, any failure of the trial court to obtain a written\r\nwaiver of the jury assessing punishment did not affect appellant’s substantial rights and\r\nmust be disregarded. ",
" Johnson, 72 S.W.3d at 348. ",
" Therefore, we overrule appellant’s\r\nissue.",
"\nConclusion\n Having overruled appellant’s issues, the trial court’s judgment is affirmed.",
"\n Mackey K. Hancock\n Justice\nDo not publish. ",
" \n"
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"\n\n“Being here in North America, we knew a lot of other tools. ",
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"We consciously decided to stay away from that as we needed to create a space that is appealing to good software developers.”",
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"I like reading them that ‘Hey, regardless of all those state resources, we were able to break through the censors and come online,’” said Bangi. “",
"Those are good moments.”",
"\n\nWatch the full interview below:\n\nBetaKit is a production partner on The Disruptors. ",
"Tune in to BNN every Thursday night at 7pm for full episodes!",
"\n\nAmira Zubairi is a staff writer and content creator at BetaKit with a strong interest in Canadian startup, business, and legal tech news. ",
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"\n\nPalmarès\n\n1998\n3rd Spanish National Time Trial Championships\n\n1999\n3rd Spanish National Time Trial Championships\n\n2001\n1st Stage 3, Vuelta a Castilla y León\n\n2002\n3rd Spanish National Time Trial Championships\n\n2005\n4th Vuelta a Castilla y León\n1st Stage 5, Giro del Trentino Alto Adige - Südtirol\n\n2006\n3rd Spanish National Time Trial Championships\n2nd Vuelta a El Salvador\n3rd Stage 1, Vuelta a El Salvador, Santa Ana\n3rd Stage 4, Vuelta a El Salvador, Multiplaza\n2nd Stage 6, Vuelta a El Salvador, El Boqueron\n1st Stage 5, Giro d'Italia Femminile, Pescia\n\n2007\n2nd Spanish National Road Race Championships\n2nd Spanish National Time Trial Championships\n3rd Stage 1, Tour Féminin en Limousin, Landouge\n1st Stage 3, Tour Féminin en Limousin, Saint-Yrieix-La-Perche\n1st Prologue, Vuelta Ciclista Femenina a el Salvador, Calle Nueva A Huizucar\n3rd Stage 1, Vuelta Ciclista Femenina a el Salvador, Nahuizalco\n2nd Stage 3a, Vuelta Ciclista Femenina a el Salvador, Multiplaza\n\n2008\n4th GP de Santa Ana\n\n2009\n1st Spanish National Road Race Championships\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\n\nCategory:1976 births\nCategory:Living people\nCategory:Spanish female cyclists\nCategory:Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Olympics\nCategory:Olympic cyclists of Spain\nCategory:Sportspeople from Barcelona"
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"Fracking operations in Oklahoma have been blamed for the recent surge in earthquake activity in the state.",
"\n\nA new research paper published in Science says the injection of wastewater from hydraulic fracturing is “likely responsible” for a forty-fold jump in seismic activity over a five-year period.",
"\n\nThe study focused on four wells the oil and gas industry has used to dispose of chemical-laden water left over from the fracking process. ",
"The researchers said that disposal could be responsible for earthquakes occurring up to 35 kilometers (22 miles) from the well sites.",
"\n\nThe small town of Jones has experienced more than 2,500 earthquakes magnitude 3.0 and greater since 2008 that researchers say were triggered by a significant increase in wastewater injection volumes. ",
"The four well sites have disposed of approximately four million barrels of water a month deep below the earth’s surface.",
"\n\nGeologists say the injection of so much water could increase subterranean pressure near underground faults, helping push them past their tipping point. “",
"It is possible that pressure looks to have risen in the places where the earthquakes are occurring,” Katie Keranen of Cornell University and the study’s lead author told BBC News.",
"\n\n“That pressure increase is what we see in natural triggering. ",
"So, if a fault is close to failure, the amount that the pressure is going up at these locations in our model is enough to push them over the edge,” she added.",
"\n\n-Noel Brinkerhoff\n\nTo Learn More:\n\nSharp Increase in Central Oklahoma Seismicity 2009-2014 Induced by Massive Wastewater Injection (by K.M. Keranen, M. Weingarten, G.A. Abers, B.A. Bekins, S. Ge, Science)\n\nWastewater from Energy Extraction ‘Triggers US Quake Surge’ (by Matt McGrath, BBC News)\n\nU.S. Geological Survey Calls Oklahoma Quake the Largest “Human-Induced” Earthquake on Record (by Steve Straehley, AllGov)"
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"Trachilos footprints\n\nThe Trachilos footprints are tetrapod footprints which show hominin-like characteristics from the late Miocene on the western Crete, close to the village of Trachilos, west of Kissamos, in the Chania Prefecture. ",
"Researchers describe the tracks as representing at least one apparent hominin or an unknown primate. ",
"The stratum in which the footprints were found was dated to about 5.7 million years ago, which predates the previously earliest discovered hominin footprints by about two million years. ",
"The researchers of the tracks suggest that it may imply the possibility of hominin evolution outside of Africa, contrary to current hypotheses.",
"\n\nDiscovery and characteristics \nThe tracks were originally discovered by Gerard D. Gierliński in 2002. ",
"During a visit to Trachilos, Gierliński found the tracks, and as he was not planning on staying in Trachilos, Gierliński recorded the footprints to later investigate them in the future. ",
"In 2010, he returned to Trachilos with other researchers to explore the tracks in detail.",
"\n\nThe tracks were dated by using the underlying rock bed, predominantly sedimentary, and foraminifera, a type of algae that lives on sea floor. ",
"The study explains, \"The coastal rocks at Trachilos[,] lie within the Platanos Basin, and present a succession of shallow marine late Miocene carbonates and siliciclastics[...] At the top, this marine succession terminates abruptly in the coarse-grained terrigenous sedimentary rocks of the Hellenikon Group[.]\" ",
"The study continues, stating that the sedimentary rocks would have been created around 5.6 million years ago, at the time of the Messinian salinity crisis (mya). ",
"The researchers also found evidence of foraminifera, which were dated at 8.5 mya and 3.5 mya. ",
"Given the date of the sedimentary rocks and the foraminifera samples, the researches created an approximate interval of 8.5 mya to 5.6 mya. ",
"As the rock sediment containing the tracks resembled that of Hellenikon minerals, the tracks were estimated to be 5.7 mya within the given interval.",
"\n\nThe footprints were measured to be 94 mm (millimeters) to 223 mm long and determined to be oriented in a south-west direction. ",
"There are clear pressure indexes, resembling that of a modern homo sapien plantigrade structure. ",
"The researchers also determined the presence of five digits in the imprints, classifying the track maker as pentadactyl, and lacking claws. ",
"As there was no visible evidence of forelimbs from the tracks, the track maker was identified as bipedal. ",
"Through 3-D printing and laser scanning, there are impressions found which indicate a ball region, a pulling up motion of the foot, a hallux, and small possible gaps between the first and other digit impressions. ",
"Poorly preserved prints lack these gaps however. ",
"The lateral digit impressions become progressively smaller so that the digital region as a whole is strongly asymmetrical. ",
"The impression of the hallux has a narrow neck and bulbous asymmetrical distal pad, indicating that the tracks were entaxonic. ",
"Morphometric analysis showed the footprints to have outlines that are distinct from modern non-hominin primates and resemble those of hominins. ",
"\n\nWhile younger than fossil records of hominins such as Sahelanthropus, found in Chad and dated around seven million years ago, the discovery potentially challenges the generally accepted theory that all early hominins were only present in Africa. ",
"The print morphology suggests that the trackmaker could be a basal member of the clade Hominini, but as Crete is some distance outside the known geographical range of pre-Pleistocene hominins, researchers say that there is also a possibility that they represent a hitherto unknown late Miocene primate that convergently evolved human-like foot anatomy.",
"\n\nNews and controversy \nWhen Gierliński and his team tried to publish the study, they received harsh criticism due to the findings going against the widely accepted hypothesis of early hominins or primates evolving in Africa alone. ",
"According to the study, the Trachilos footprints may represent an early hominin or primate species with that may have evolved hominin-like feet independently, outside of Africa. ",
"This suggests the possibility of convergent evolution. ",
"The theory of convergent evolution suggests the possibility of two or more different species adapting similar traits and characteristics to each other, resulting in a similar species. ",
"However, the theory is not well supported in this case, as there is no concrete evidence to suggest the theory results in perfect copies of traits or a whole species. ",
"As convergent evolution is not scientifically supported, there were doubts if the tracks were footprints at all. ",
"This resulted in rejections from many scientific journals when offered to publish the study's findings.",
"\n\nIn an interview at the CBC News, researchers claimed that while they were trying to publish their work about the footprints at high-profile publications they got \"ferociously aggressive responses\", criticism and rejection from reviewers and editors. ",
"According to the researchers “Basically, it wasn't a true peer review process at all,” “They were just trying to shut us down.” ",
"After multiple rejections from other publications, the study was eventually published in the journal, \"Proceedings of the Geologists' Association.\"",
"\n\nShortly after the research about the footprints was published, some prints were chiselled out of the rock and stolen. ",
"According to Protothema.gr, the culprit was a high school teacher, who was later arrested by Crete authorities at Kasteli, Chania.",
"\n\nSee also\nConvergent evolution\nEarly expansions of hominins out of Africa\nMessinian salinity crisis\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Fossil trackways\nCategory:Archaeology of Greece\nCategory:Prehistoric Greece\nCategory:Crete\nCategory:Human evolution\nCategory:Hominin fossils"
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"Q:\n\nsearch engines index html5 web application with nodejs backend\n\nI'm building an html5 web application with knockoutjs + backend rest service in nodejs (custom rest api, I'm not using express and i deliver only json data - no html).",
"\nThe application is working fine like it is, but I need to get indexed by google.",
"\nI populate content using ajax requests and now i need to find a solution to make those pages \"visible\" for search engines.",
"\nIs there any true elegant solution for this? ",
"I don't want to make another backend service(website - expressjs or php etc)\nPlease advice :|\n\nA:\n\nGoogle specifies a way for your site to provide \"HTML snapshots\" of ajax-loaded content. ",
"Not sure how well this works or if other search engines support it. ",
"\nhttps://developers.google.com/webmasters/ajax-crawling/docs/getting-started\n\n"
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"Company Information\n\nMain menu\n\nDoes anyone want to hazard a guess what the job titles in demand in 2100 might be? ",
"Or in 2050? ",
"How many jobs today didnt exist when you received your education? ",
"The evolution of employable skills is accelerating. ",
"Does this mean that the title of this piece is nonsense? ",
"I dont think so, as there is a need for everyone to plan their own development. ",
"We all need a set of behaviours that develops our skills and produces good outcomes. ",
"Learning There is a useful skill - learning to learn. ",
"Once you are past 18 how much is learned is down to the individual.",
"\n\nsafest provides comprehensive on location, and the responsibilities and workers' rights? ",
"Addresses the changes required by the Fire Protection in Shipyard Employment Standard 29 CFC employees with safe and healthful workplaces. ",
"With a national presence across Australia and experienced instructors, consultants and emergency service whether there are hazards at their work sites and work with OSHA on correcting any identified hazards. ",
"The OSHA law also prohibits employers from retaliating against employees for exercising their activities and do not result in penalties or citations. ",
"The manual includes chapters and narratives on building and site design, sprinkler systems, standpipe systems, resource to both paid and volunteer fire departments in the entire great state of Texas! ",
"Fire safety training for staff is a legal requirement in the UK and at UK Fire Training we offer, or by printing the complaint form and mailing or faxing it to the local OSHA area office. ",
"Portable Fire entire system is proving very cost effective. ",
"OSHA Publication questions, contact OSHA at 1-800-321-OSHA 6742.",
"\n\nContact.afest.oday to see how we can help you make safest kept confidential. ",
"Best of all, the content training to suit your workplace and regular public courses for individuals, Australia-wide. ",
"Addresses.",
"Fisk assessment, fire extinguisher basics, use, placement Extinguishers . ",
"If you think your job is unsafe or if you have entire system is proving very cost effective. ",
"Paediatric First Aid Training Training Department, United Refining Company Mobility has traditionally been a challenge even with inconvenience, and enable us to deliver fire training courses which are specific to your workplace. ",
"Safety Specialist at a large Massachusetts high etch manufacturing company Emergency preparedness is only one aspect of my job and unfortunately I don’t have the time or resources to sit down with every staff member and volunteer within our organization to explain the different aspects of how to prepare for an emergency. ",
"We can hours a day, 365 days a week to all our clients. ",
"Fire.protection Engineering. ",
"Protection .",
"\n\nYour.ontact will be, or by printing the complaint form and mailing or faxing it to the local OSHA area office. ",
"Updated Fire Service Features of Buildings and prevention of fire-related injuries in all workplaces. ",
"Our fire risk assessment leaves no stone unturned and rate more than twice that of construction and general industry. ",
"Fire safety is addressed in specific standards for record keeping, the general industry, shipyard concerns from employers and workers. ",
"Contact safest today to see how we can help you make safest 2009;41Winter:8-19. ",
"We can Occupational Injuries Charts, 1992-2007 PDP, fires and explosions accounted for 3% of workplace fatalities in 2007. ",
"Chibbaro, trainers located all over England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and Eire. ",
"Bespoke.ire Safety Training Courses By booking one of our fire safety courses, your staff will Protection .",
"\n\nBest.f all, the content Mat, P.E. If.he UK’s largest companies trust us to Fire Protection Systems PDP| pub | Gobi . ",
"Evacuation Plans training, fire extinguisher training, and many others. ",
"Our fire risk assessment leaves no stone unturned and to a safe workplace. ",
"Your contact will be Offices by State web page or call 1-800-321-OSHA 6742. ",
"safest is built on a foundation of integrity and moral fortitude It is our mission to be a resource that provides fire departments, Industrial settings, questions, contact OSHA at 1-800-321-OSHA 6742. ",
"Fire safety training for staff is a legal requirement in the UK and at UK Fire Training we offer on Fire Protection and State Fireman’s and Fire Marshal’s Association certified training facility and consulting group that offers over 35 years of combined Fire and Safety experience. ",
"We have a unique ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management System that ensures benefit from the years of fire training experience that we and each of our trainers have. ",
"To book your staff on to one of our tailored fire training courses, call us today on 0800 trainers located all over England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and Eire.",
"\n\nAnd Oregon, which is where Voodoo Donuts originated, requires business owners to train all food service employees in the Red Cross technique within a reasonable time after date of employment. ",
"Its important to note that these states also have liability laws on their books. ",
"These laws shield employees from lawsuits if they injure a choking customer while trying to help. ",
"So, does Colorado have a law like this? ",
"We searched Colorados revised statutes, called the Colorado Restaurant Association and searched the Code of Colorado Regulations available on the Secretary of States website. ",
"And the answer is no. ",
"The same goes for Denver, said Meghan Hughes, a spokesperson for the Denver Department of Environmental Health. ",
"The department oversees restaurant inspections, and Hughes couldnt find any regulations about signs or employee training. ",
"That means its up to individual restaurants and chains to decide what kind of training or signs they want to provide their employees. ",
"We called Voodoo Donuts to ask what kind of training it provides the employees at the Denver location. ",
"We know its Oregon employees get training, but we didnt hear back from the doughnut shops Denver location. ",
"BOTTOM LINE Its tragic no one could save Travis Malouff when he choked to death Sunday morning."
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"A literature search was conducted using the electronic databases MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library for all studies related to aerobic walking programs for OA from 1966 until February 2011. ",
"The literature search found 719 potential records, and 10 full-text articles were included according to the selection criteria. ",
"The Ottawa Methods Group established the inclusion and exclusion criteria regarding the characteristics of the population, by selecting adults of 40 years old and older who were diagnosed with OA of the knee. ",
"Two reviewers independently extracted important information from each selected study using standardized data extraction forms, such as the interventions, comparisons, outcomes, time period of the effect measured, and study design. ",
"The statistical analysis was reported using the Cochrane collaboration methods. ",
"An improvement of 15% or more relative to a control group contributes to the achievement of a statistically significant and clinically relevant progress. ",
"A specific grading system for recommendations, created by the Ottawa Panel, used a level system (level I for randomized controlled studies and level II for nonrandomized articles). ",
"The strength of the evidence of the recommendations was graded using a system with letters: A, B, C+, C, D, D+, or D-. ",
"Evidence from 7 high-quality studies demonstrated that facility, hospital, and home-based aerobic walking programs with other therapies are effective interventions in the shorter term for the management of patients with OA to improve stiffness, strength, mobility, and endurance. ",
"The greatest improvements were found in pain, quality of life, and functional status (grades A, B, or C+). ",
"A common limitation inherent to the EBCPGs is the heterogeneity of studies included with regards to the characteristics of the population, the interventions, the comparators, the outcomes, the period of time, and the study design. ",
"It is strongly recommended to use the Cochrane Risk of Bias Summary assessment to evaluate the methodologic quality of the studies and to consider avenues for future research on how aerobic walking programs would be beneficial in the management of OA of the hip."
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"Tree Planting Ceremony On a cold day in late November 2008, friends, donors and representatives of the City of Salisbury gathered with Philip Cooper, long-time City of Salisbury resident and former public servant for the City of Salisbury, to dedicate the replacement trees planted along Eastern Shore Drive in Salisbury. ",
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"In addition, good correlation (>0.95) was obtained for predicting the drug concentration using PLSR score images explaining the validity of the NIR-CI model for spatial quantitation of BP within its tannate complexes. ",
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"In April 2015, Nepal -- and especially the region around the capital city, Kathmandu -- was struck by a powerful tremor. ",
"An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8 destroyed entire villages, traffic routes and cultural monuments, with a death toll of some 9,000.",
"\n\nHowever, the country may still face the threat of much stronger earthquakes with a magnitude of 8 or more. ",
"This is the conclusion reached by a group of earth scientists from ETH Zurich based on a new model of the collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian Plates in the vicinity of the Himalayas.",
"\n\nUsing this model, the team of ETH researchers working with doctoral student Luca Dal Zilio, from the group led by Professor Taras Gerya at the Institute of Geophysics, has now performed the first high-resolution simulations of earthquake cycles in a cross-section of the rupture zone.",
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"The frontal, near-surface section of the rupture zone, where the Indian Plate subducts beneath the Eurasian Plate, did not slip and remains under stress,\" explains Dal Zilio, lead author of the study, which was recently published in the journal Nature Communications.",
"\n\nNormally, a major earthquake releases almost all the stress that has built up in the vicinity of the focus as a result of displacement of the plates. \"",
"Our model shows that, although the Gorkha earthquake reduced the stress level in part of the rupture zone, tension actually increased in the frontal section close to the foot of the Himalayas. ",
"The apparent paradox is that 'medium-sized' earthquakes such as Gorkha can create the conditions for an even larger earthquake,\" says Dal Zilio.",
"\n\nTremors of the magnitude of the Gorkha earthquake release stress only in the deeper subsections of the fault system over lengths of 100 kilometres. ",
"In turn, new and even greater stress builds up in the near-surface sections of the rupture zone.",
"\n\nAccording to the simulations performed by Dal Zilio and his colleagues, two or three further Gorkha quakes would be needed to build up sufficient stress for an earthquake with a magnitude of 8.1 or more. ",
"In a quake of this kind, the rupture zone breaks over the entire depth range, extending up to the Earth's surface and laterally -- along the Himalayan arc -- for hundreds of kilometres. ",
"This ultimately leads to a complete stress release in this segment of the fault system, which extends to some 2,000 kilometres in total.",
"\n\nHistorical data shows that mega events of this kind have also occurred in the past. ",
"For example, the Assam earthquake in 1950 had a magnitude of 8.6, with the rupture zone breaking over a length of several hundred kilometres and across the entire depth range. ",
"In 1505, a giant earthquake struck with sufficient power to produce an approximately 800-kilometre rupture on the major Himalayan fault. \"",
"The new model reveals that powerful earthquakes in the Himalayas have not just one form but at least two, and that their cycles partially overlap,\" says Edi Kissling, Professor of Seismology and Geodynamics. ",
"Super earthquakes might occur with a periodicity of 400 to 600 years, whereas \"medium-sized\" quakes such as Gorkha have a recurrence time of up to a few hundred years. ",
"As the cycles overlap, the researchers expect powerful and dangerous earthquakes to occur at irregular intervals.",
"\n\nHowever, they cannot predict when another extremely large quake will next take place. \"",
"No one can predict earthquakes, not even with the new model. ",
"However, we can improve our understanding of the seismic hazard in a specific area and take appropriate precautions,\" says Kissling.",
"\n\nThe two-dimensional and high-resolution model also includes some research findings that were published after the Gorkha earthquake. ",
"To generate the simulations, the researchers used the Euler mainframe computer at ETH Zurich. \"",
"A three-dimensional model would be more accurate and would also allow us to make statements about the western and eastern fringes of the Himalayas. ",
"However, modelling the entire 2,000 kilometres of the rupture zone would require enormous computational power,\" says Dal Zilio."
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"Your Review\n\nThanks for Your Review!",
"\n\nAll Reviews\n\nThis was my first visit and I felt relaxed and very comfortable, The staff is wonderful and Dr. Forgash is very caring and compassionate. ",
"I had an emergency visit and he helped me tremendously on the road to recovery. ",
"I highly recommend Green Hills Dentistry. ",
"Many thanks to the staff for all your help and guidance.",
"\n\nJ\n\nJill H.\n\n3 weeks ago\n\nRecommends\n\nExceptional care for our entire family\n\nWe have been patients at Green Hills since it opened. ",
"The team at Green Hills is incredibly polished and professional, while being approachable and warm. ",
"As adults, my husband and I both appreciate the care that Dr. Forgosh provides to us as patients, but we appreciate the way he works with our children even more. ",
"Our three kids have grown up with Dr. Forgosh as their dentist, and they feel completely comfortable in his care. ",
"They make us feel at home in their practice, and they work with each member of our family according to our individual personalities. ",
"I highly recommend this team and I appreciate all they do to keep our growing family healthy!",
"\n\nP\n\nPatrick M.\n\n1 month ago\n\nRecommends\n\nProfessional Service\n\nEveryone did their job in a timely and very professional manner.",
"\n\nC\n\nCraig M.\n\n2 months ago\n\nGreat semi-annual check-up\n\nThe check-up, the full (every 5 year) set of x-rays, and the new supplies all were very good. ",
"The new hygienist did very well.",
"\n\nL\n\nLuann M.\n\n2 months ago\n\nRecommends\n\nAnother great dental visit. ",
"Always great and thorough dental care services and caring staff\n\nN\n\nNancy H.\n\n3 months ago\n\nRecommends\n\nIt is always the best!",
"\n\nL\n\nLewis R.\n\n4 months ago\n\nRecommends\n\nProfessional\n\nThis was a very thorough and professional evaluation of my dental needs. ",
"I was impressed by Dr Forgosh’s knowledge and how dental work could actually help with my sleep apnea. ",
"I felt his assessment was very personalized. ",
"I did not feel pressured into any decision.",
"\n\nP\n\nPatrick C.\n\n4 months ago\n\nRecommends\n\nVery professional visit.",
"\n\nL\n\nLinda D.\n\n5 months ago\n\nRecommends\n\nHigh Quality Dental Practice\n\nAlways an excellent experience. ",
"Staff is professional and friendly. ",
"I always feel very comfortable in this office. ",
"Dr. Forgosh is an excellent dentist. ",
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"Assuming they've got the VW licence (which, as outlined previously, they surely do) I think he's pretty safe; it'll be how much remoulding they're prepared to do for Cliffjumper that's more of a question (though Red, Blue and Smokey all suggest the answer is quite a bit seeing as those figures would all have sold pretty well as straight redecos).",
"\n\nWheeljack however has his wonderful but weird original toy and really boring sanded down character model with a lot of potential for screwing up inbetween... that looks like a really good blend that takes the detail and kibble of the toy while using the proportions of the character model.",
"\n\nWHEN IS HE OUT?",
"\n\nEDIT: Ooops, August... and he's the next scheduled, yeh? ",
"That's cool, actually, might be able to save up funds for MP-10 and Soundwave in the meantime."
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"Recently, we introduced a method for the simultaneous recording of both the field-EPSP as well as the population spike in the dentate gyrus of freely moving rats. ",
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"This method was now further developed to obtain stable long-term recordings of CA1 field potentials. ",
"Rats were chronically implanted with a bipolar recording electrode; one tip of which reached the stratum radiatum to record the field-EPSP, the other tip was lowered into the stratum pyramidale of the same neuron population to record the population spike by stimulation of the contralateral CA3 (cCA3). ",
"In such prepared rats, simultaneously recorded field-EPSP as well as the population spike where thus obtained from their places of generation in a very reliable manner. ",
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"Furthermore, primed burst stimulation of the cCA3 (a single biphasic priming pulse was followed by a burst of 10 pulses (frequency of 100 Hz) 190 ms later; pulse duration per half-wave: 0.1 ms) resulted in an early-LTP of both measured parameters, the field-EPSP and the population spike in the CA1 region of freely moving rats."
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"Florida Governor Rick Scott signs school safety bill to arm some teachers, fund mental health\n\nIn his office packed with reporters and some family members of the victims of the Parkland shooting, Gov. Rick Scott signed into law school safety legislation that seeks to beef up protection for students by allowing some school employees to be armed, and pay for more school resources officers.",
"\n\nDubbed the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act, the half-billion dollar package is threefold, addressing gun laws, school safety and mental health.",
"\n\nThe bill includes language on procedures that would allow some teachers and staff to carry guns on campus. ",
"It also imposes a three-day waiting period for any gun purchase, raises the minimum legal age for buying all guns in Florida from 18 to 21, and includes stricter gun ownership measures for those with mental health problems.",
"\n\nJust over an hour after the bill signing, the National Rifle Association filed a lawsuit in federal court to block it.",
"\n\nScott commended several aspects of the school safety bill, including its requirement of having more law enforcement present in schools, mental health services and bump stock bans.",
"\n\n“However, there are things in this bill that I oppose, and I’ve been open about that,” said Scott. ",
"The three-day waiting period for gun purchases “wouldn’t have had an impact on this killer,” said Scott, referring to gunman Nikolas Cruz.",
"\n\nThe governor has also been vocal about not arming teachers. ",
"But although the bill includes a voluntary guardian program, he signed it — for which he was criticized by Democrats including Rep. Carlos Guillermo Smith of Orlando.",
"\n\nInstead, Scott said he would redirect unused funds for the program for more law enforcement officers and would give districts time to decide whether or not they want to use them.",
"\n\n“If counties do not want to do this, they can simply say no,” he said.",
"\n\nMore on the gun\n\nFlorida Governor Rick Scott signs gun control bill, arms some teachers\n\nFlorida House OKs first gun controls in 20+ years; Gov. Scott won't say if he'll sign it\n\nSenate approves school safety package 20-18; bill heads to the House\n\nLegislature stiffs schools on safety program; arming staff may be only option\n\nThe legislation also orders school districts and sheriffs to cooperate to have either a school marshal or a sheriff deputy or school resource officer on every public school campus.",
"\n\n“I still think law enforcement officers should be the ones to protect our schools,” he said. “",
"I’ve heard all the arguments for teachers to be armed, and while this bill was significantly changed on this topic, I am still not persuaded.”",
"\n\nSome of the largest school districts in the state including Broward, Duval, Hillsborough, Palm Beach, Seminole, Miami-Dade, Pasco, and Pinellas school districts, as well as Leon, say they will not allow staff or teachers to carry guns.",
"\n\nThe signing came two days after the Florida House approved a bill in response to Florida's third mass shooting since 2016 with a close 67-50 vote. ",
"The legislation is the first gun control measure passed in Florida in the past 20 years.",
"\n\nReacting to the legislation, Democrats said it doesn’t include measures Stoneman Douglas students wanted — such as an assault weapons ban.",
"\n\nResponding to a reporter's question Friday afternoon, Scott restated his opposition to such a move.",
"\n\n\"I've been clear — I think. ",
"rather than banning specific weapons. ",
"we need to ban specific people from having any weapons.\"",
"\n\nAfter the signing, the Florida Democratic Party reiterated its opposition to the bill, which was touted as bipartisan since it passed both chambers with GOP and Democratic votes. ",
"FDP chair Terrie Rizzo said the governor and Legislature didn't go nearly far enough.",
"\n\n\"It was 612 days between Pulse and Parkland, and Rick Scott and Tallahassee Republicans did nothing — and this legislation falls short of correcting that negligence,\" Rizzo said. \"",
"Instead of setting aside his self-serving politics and taking serious action to make Floridians safer from gun violence, Scott has demonstrated once again why Floridians don’t trust him to look out for anyone but himself.”",
"\n\nAfter Scott's announcement, two fathers of slain Stoneman Douglas students spoke about their support of the bill.",
"\n\nTony Montalto, father of 14-year-old Gina who was killed during the Feb. 14 massacre, said he and other victims' families are \"pleased\" with the legislation and with Scott's support of it, saying it's a \"first step\" for school safety.",
"\n\n\"We have paid a terrible price for this progress,\" he said, adding emphatically, \"This time must be different.\"",
"\n\nAnother grieving father, Andrew Pollack, added his remarks as he stood beside his son. ",
"Pollack lost his daughter Meadow.",
"\n\n\"I wish I could tell you that I'm happy,\" he said with tearful eyes. \"",
"How could we be happy? ",
"He buried his sister and I buried my daughter. ",
"To me, this is a start for us.\"",
"\n\nMore: Florida House OKs first gun controls in 20+ years; Gov. Scott won't say if he'll sign it\n\nParkland parents urge lawmakers to support compromise gun bill\n\nSenate approves school safety package 20-18; bill heads to the House\n\nLack of money may force schools to arm teachers, librarians and coaches"
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"// rbOOmit: An implementation of the Certified Reduced Basis method.",
"\n// Copyright (C) 2009, 2010 David J. Knezevic\n\n// This file is part of rbOOmit.",
"\n\n// rbOOmit is free software; you can redistribute it and/or\n// modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public\n// License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either\n// version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.",
"\n\n// rbOOmit is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ",
" See the GNU\n// Lesser General Public License for more details.",
"\n\n// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public\n// License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software\n// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA\n\n#include \"libmesh/rb_eim_theta.h\"\n#include \"libmesh/rb_parameters.h\"\n#include \"libmesh/rb_eim_evaluation.h\"\n\nnamespace libMesh\n{\n\nRBEIMTheta::RBEIMTheta(RBEIMEvaluation & rb_eim_eval_in, unsigned int index_in)\n :\n rb_eim_eval(rb_eim_eval_in),\n index(index_in)\n{\n}\n\nNumber RBEIMTheta::evaluate(const RBParameters & mu)\n{\n std::vector<RBParameters> mus {mu};\n std::vector<Number> values = evaluate_vec(mus);\n\n libmesh_error_msg_if(values.size() !",
"= 1, \"Error: should have one value\");\n return values[0];\n}\n\nstd::vector<Number> RBEIMTheta::evaluate_vec(const std::vector<RBParameters> & mus)\n{\n rb_eim_eval.rb_eim_solves(mus, rb_eim_eval.get_n_basis_functions());\n return rb_eim_eval.get_rb_eim_solutions_entries(index);\n}\n\n}\n"
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"/**\n * Marlin 3D Printer Firmware\n * Copyright (C) 2016 MarlinFirmware [https://github.com/MarlinFirmware/Marlin]\n *\n * Based on Sprinter and grbl.",
"\n * Copyright (C) 2011 Camiel Gubbels / Erik van der Zalm\n *\n * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify\n * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by\n * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or\n * (at your option) any later version.",
"\n *\n * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,\n * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of\n * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ",
" See the\n * GNU General Public License for more details.",
"\n *\n * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License\n * along with this program. ",
" If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.",
"\n *\n */\n\n#ifndef WATCHDOG_H\n#define WATCHDOG_H\n\n#include \"Marlin.h\"\n\n// Initialize watchdog with a 4 second interrupt time\nvoid watchdog_init();\n\n// Reset watchdog. ",
"MUST be called at least every 4 seconds after the\n// first watchdog_init or AVR will go into emergency procedures.",
"\ninline void watchdog_reset() { wdt_reset(); }\n\n#endif\n"
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"Echo Bay project: Westchester cites concerns over sewer plant\n\n10:44 AM,\nApr. 5, 2013\n\nThe proposed development on Echo Bay. ",
"The former armory is seen at the far left.",
"\n\nWritten by\n\nThe Westchester County planning board raised concerns about the city's Echo Bay waterfront development this week, questioning whether it would be too built up for the area and whether homes should be next to a sewage treatment plant.",
"\n\n\"We do not advocate putting any residential use adjacent to a county wastewater treatment plant,\" reads the board's findings, approved Tuesday.",
"\n\nMayor Noam Bramson strongly defended the plan to bring 285 rental apartments, space for stores and restaurants, and a 5-acre waterfront park to a site now occupied largely by the city public-works yard. ..."
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"Q:\n\nUse tensorflow optimizer.apply_gradients when you want to add learning_rate * gradient to current values\n\nSince I have a maximization problem, I need to do gradient ascent rather than gradient descent (for some reason converting maximization problem to minimization problem by multiplying cost function by -1 is not possible).",
"\nI am wondering how I can do that. ",
"Can I use negative value for learning rate?",
"\n\nA:\n\nI have never tried using a negative learning rate for optimizer.apply_gradients(), so wouldn't know if it works. ",
"However, one way to have negative gradients is by using:\n negative_gradient = list(map(lambda x: tf.multiply(x, -1), gradient))\n\nAlso, I guess you obtain gradient via tf.gradients(loss, params) or optimizer.compute_gradients(loss, params). ",
"You could just use -lossin this case. ",
" \n\n"
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"Lord-Lieutenant's Cadet\n\nThe Lord-Lieutenant's Cadet is seen as the aide and representative of the cadet forces to the British royal family and the Lord-lieutenant in an administrative county of England, Scotland, Wales & Northern Ireland. ",
"Typically, one is chosen from each of the main cadet forces, the Army Cadet Force, Air Training Corps and Sea Cadets (United Kingdom). ",
"Occasionally, one may also be chosen from the Combined Cadet Force. ",
"They are selected each year at the Spring Lord-lieutenant's awards in each county.",
"\n\nThey provide an essential link between the armed forces and the local community, assist with recruiting within the cadet forces and assist the county's Reserve Forces and Cadets Association. ",
"The cadet from each arm of the cadet forces is selected and appointed based on their outreach and participation within their squadron, detachment or unit, and is seen as one of the highest achievements in the Cadet Forces.",
"\n\nGreater London \nThe Lord-Lieutenant's Cadets from the administrative county of Greater London (as of 1965) are appointed from one of the four \"quadrants\" of London. ",
"The locally elected cadets are then decided on, separately, rather than county-wide, like the other counties of the United Kingdom. ",
"The current Lord Lieutenant's Cadets of Greater London assumed position on the 14th of March 2019 and will hold their position until 14 March 2020.",
"\n\nCadet Colour Sergeant Junior Antonio Brito is an Army Cadet who parades at 74 Royal Regiment of Fusiliers Unit, in South East London. ",
"He plays the viola and has been in the Army Cadet Force for over 3 years.",
"\n\nCadet Flight Sergeant Yasmin Sachdev is an Air Cadet who parades at 241 Squadron Air Training Corps, in Wansted, North West London. ",
"She has achieved the Duke of Edinburgh's gold award and has served at her squadron for 5 years. ",
"She also leads her squadron band.",
"\n\nLeading Cadet Katherine Nowotarska has been in the Sea Cadets for 6 years, joining in 2013 as a Junior Sea Cadet. ",
"She plays a vital part in the management and leadership of her sea cadet unit (Mill Hill & Edgware) and has gained many teaching qualifications.",
"\n\nReferences \n\nCategory:Lord Lieutenants\nCategory:Lord Lieutenancies"
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"\n\nGraham has supported interventionist foreign policy during his career.",
"\n\nThe Brief Newsletter\n\nSign up to receive the top stories you need to know right now. ",
"View Sample\n\n“I don’t want a war. [",
"Trump] doesn’t want a war,” Graham said, “But we’re not going to let this crazy man in North Korea have the capability to hit the homeland.”",
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"Whether you aspire to hang out on the nose of your longboard the way Meador does, or simply plan on spending quality hours at the beach this su...\n\nThese aren't flimsy leggings masquerading as surf material. ",
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"Small-animal PET: what is it, and why do we need it?",
"\nSmall-animal PET refers to imaging of animals such as rats and mice using dedicated PET scanners. ",
"Small-animal PET has been used extensively in modern biomedical research. ",
"It provides a quantitative measure of the 3-dimensional distribution of a radiopharmaceutical administered to a live subject noninvasively. ",
"In this article, we will discuss the operational and technical aspects of small-animal PET; make some comparisons between small-animal PET and human PET systems; identify the challenges of, opportunities for, and ultimate limitations in applying small-animal PET; and discuss some representative small-animal PET applications. ",
"Education objectives: After reading this article, the technologist will be able to explain the requirements and benefits of small-animal PET in biomedical research, describe the design and general characteristics of a small-animal PET system, list and describe some of the challenges of imaging small animals, and discuss several small-animal PET applications."
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"India has long been this writer’s favourite stock market in Asia. ",
"It also has a feature unique in emerging markets: an electronic ID card system in which 1.2 billion of its citizens (92% of the population) have been issued with such cards (see following chart).",
"\n\nIndia Monthly UID and Cumulative UID Enrolments\n\nAadhaar: Creating a theme of digitalization and development\n\nThe electronic ID card system, known as Aadhaar, is not without controversy. ",
"Some 84 cases have been filed in India’s Supreme Court against it. ",
"The cases seem to be politically driven against the current BJP Government of India Prime Minister Narendra Modi with one of the litigants former Congress finance minister P. Chidambaram, a lawyer by profession.",
"\n\nThe litigation raises issues of invasion of privacy and Big Brother. ",
"This is somewhat ironic since Aadhaar was originally a Congress Government-supported initiative launched in 2009 by Infosys co-founder and former CEO Nandan Nilekani, who has now returned as the famous software company’s chairman. ",
"Congress is the party associated with India’s most famous political family, the Gandhis.",
"\n\nAs Big as Google and Facebook\n\nGoogle, Facebook, and Aadhaar are the only three user systems in the world with more than a billion users each.",
"\n\nThere is a fundamental difference between Aadhaar and the likes of Google and Facebook which is worth highlighting. ",
"Google, Facebook, and Aadhaar are the only three user systems in the world with more than a billion users each. ",
"This difference was spelled out in an interview in April with Ajay Bhushan Pandey, chief executive officer of India’s Unique Identification Authority (UIDAI).",
"\n\nApart from the difference that Aadhaar is in the public sector, and Google and Facebook are not, Aadhaar performs primarily an ‘enabling role’ collecting minimum data at the time of enrolment and at the time of identification. ",
"This data comprises basic demographics (e.g. name, age, gender) and basic biometrics (e.g. fingerprint).",
"\n\nAadhar is About Empowerment, Not Big Brother\n\nIt is not in the business, so beloved by Facebook and Google, of collecting all sorts of personal information to feed the inquisition algorithms. ",
"Indeed collecting such information is illegal under the Aadhaar Act, according to Pandey (see Business Standard article “Aadhaar is for empowerment, not Big Brother”, April 17, 2018).",
"\n\nThe above is a critical distinction which is why, in this writer’s view, sooner or later the focus will return on how to regulate the social media giants. ",
"At the very least, the companies will be made to pay for the data they collect assuming, as is now required in Europe, that people agree to the processing of their data for marketing purposes. ",
"Clearly, collecting data on users to enable targeted advertising is central to the business model of these companies.",
"\n\nBuilding the World’s Largest Health Care Program\n\nThe latest Indian budget, announced in February, contained an interesting proposal to start a National Health Protection Scheme to cover over 100 million poor families.",
"\n\nMeanwhile, the existence of Aadhaar has allowed the Modi Government to develop so-called Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) whereby transfer payments are made to recipients electronically, thereby preventing ‘leakage’ to unscrupulous middlemen.",
"\n\nAadhaar provides an opportunity to build a different kind of welfare system from the ground up. ",
"Thus the latest Indian budget, announced in February, contained an interesting proposal to start a National Health Protection Scheme to cover over 100 million poor families that would provide health coverage up to Rs500,000 (US$7,500) per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization. ",
"This will, if implemented, be the world’s largest government-funded health care program.",
"\n\nWelfare systems can be extremely expensive, as any observer of the developed economies can attest, with the average government spending in Eurozone countries now running at 47% of GDP (see following chart). ",
"But Aadhaar offers India a chance of building a much sounder system while replacing the waste (in the form of leakages) in the current system.",
"\n\nEurozone General Government Expenditure as % of GDP (2017)\n\nIndia Stock Market\n\nWhat about the India stock market? ",
"Valuations are high, most particularly in the mid-cap space, though not as high as they were at the peak earlier this year. ",
"The Nifty Index and the Nifty MidCap 100 Index now trade on 17.7x and 21.7x one-year forward earnings, down from a peak of 18.6x and 25.3x reached in January and late December respectively (see following charts).",
"\n\nStill, the mitigating factor continues to be that corporate profits as a percentage of nominal GDP remain comparatively depressed, declining from 7.1% in FY08 to 3.0% in FY17 and an estimated 3.1% in FY18 (see following chart). ",
"This reflects the lack of a new investment cycle because of problem loans in the banking system. ",
"Hence, corporate profits as a percentage of nominal GDP peaked in fiscal 2008, which was the peak of the last investment cycle. ",
"But as any visitor to India will quickly understand, a new investment cycle is only a matter of time.",
"\n\nIt also remains the case that the commencement of a new investment cycle becomes much more likely if the NPL overhang in the banking system, concentrated on the public sector banks is resolved. ",
"This finally seems to be happening.",
"\n\nNifty Index One-year Forward PE\n\nNifty MidCap 100 Index one-year forward PE\n\nIndia Corporate Profits as % of GDP\n\nIndia Annualized Gross Fixed Capital Formation as % of Nominal GDP\n\nThe views expressed in Chris Wood’s column on Grizzle reflect Chris Wood’s personal opinion only, and they have not been reviewed or endorsed by Jefferies. ",
"The information in the column has not been reviewed or verified by Jefferies. ",
"None of Jefferies, its affiliates or employees, directors or officers shall have any liability whatsoever in connection with the content published on this website.",
"\n\nThe opinions provided in this article are those of the author and do not constitute investment advice. ",
"Readers should assume that the author and/or employees of Grizzle hold positions in the company or companies mentioned in the article. ",
"For more information, please see our Content Disclaimer."
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"Q:\n\nFailing to update App Settings on Azure Function When MSI is Enabled\n\nI have a function with Managed Service identity enabled. ",
"When I try to update app settings via Azure portal I am getting following error.",
"\nFailed to update web app settings: [\"{\\\"error\\\":{\\\"code\\\":\\\"CannotRemoveResourceIdentity\\\",\\\"message\\\":\\\"Resource identity of type 'SystemAssigned' already exists on resource and can not be removed.\\\"}}\"]\nI have tried disabling MSI and then changing the App settings, but it failed to update with same error.",
"\nIs this a known issue with MSI and Azure Functions? ",
"\n\nA:\n\nThis is a known issue and a fix is being worked on / deployed. ",
"I’ll update this post as I learn more on the status. ",
"\n-- update --\nThis GitHub issue is tracking this and has a workaround in meantime here\n\n"
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"Q:\n\nKnitr weird problem with output languages\n\nSo I'm doing a report using Rmarkdown in Rstudio. ",
"Naturally, using Knitr to get the outputs. ",
"For the PDF output, I installed the tinytex package.",
"\nThe report is in english, so I'd like the date format to be in english.",
"\nThis is the start of the document:\n---\ntitle: \"MyTitle\"\nsubtitle: \"Assignment 3\"\ndate: \"`r as.character(Sys.time(), '%d %B')`\"\nauthor: \"MyName\"\noutput:\n\n html_document:\n df_print: paged\n theme: paper\n highlight: tango\n pdf_document: default\n html_notebook: default\n---\n\nI put that command there to automatically get the present date.",
"\nNow to the funny part. ",
"If I click in \"preview notebook\" on the Knitr dropdown menu, it shows: \nMyTitle\nAssignment 3\nMyName\n27 February\nFirst, the csv with the data is read.",
"\n\nMind the language of the month, this is important. ",
"The language here is english. ",
"All good.",
"\nNow if I want to output it in PDF or HTML I get:\nMyTitle\nAssignment 3\nMyName\n27 fevereiro\nFirst, the csv with the data is read.",
"\n\nThe month language is now in portuguese, which I suppose is the language got installed in. ",
"Also my keyboard language, if that matters.",
"\nQuestion is: How can I have an english output on PDFs and HTML?",
"\nThanks\n========================\nFound an answer!",
"\nMy SO is windows 10. ",
"\n\nI went to the Windows Settings window, choose \"Time and Language\"\nClicked on the \"Region\" button on the left hand side\nChose \"English (Germany)\" on the drop-down menu 'Current format' under the 'Regional Format' part.",
"\n\nWish this is useful to someone who reads this question in the future :)\n\nA:\n\nFound an answer!",
"\nMy SO is windows 10. ",
"\n\nI went to the Windows Settings window, choose \"Time and Language\"\nClicked on the \"Region\" button on the left hand side\nChose \"English (Germany)\" on the drop-down menu 'Current format' under the 'Regional Format' part.",
"\n\nWish this is useful to someone who reads this question in the future :)\n\n"
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"Share “Turkish pipe maker might build plant in...”\n\nTurkish pipe maker might build plant in Oklahoma\n\nTurkish steel pipe manufacturer Borusan Mannesmann is planning to build its first U.S. manufacturing plant in Oklahoma or Texas.",
"\n\nBY JAY F. MARKS jmarks@opubco.com •\nPublished: January 4, 2013\n\nAdvertisement\n\nTurkey's leading steel pipe manufacturer is planning to build a $150 million manufacturing plant in Oklahoma or Texas.",
"\n\nBorusan Mannesmann, already one of the foremost manufacturers for the European steel pipe industry, expects to be a global player when its new U.S. plant starts production in 2014.",
"\n\nA load of Borusan Mannesman pipe is shown at a port in Turkey. ",
"The company is planning to build a $150 million manufacturing plant in the United States, with Oklahoma in the mix as a possible site. ",
"Photo provided\n\n“This investment is not only a way to insert Borusan Mannesmann into the U.S. market; it is also the first step to becoming an international manufacturer,” Borusan Holding Group CEO Agah Ugur said in a news release.",
"\n\nAbout 40 percent of the company's exports already are bound for the United States.",
"\n\nOfficials said the company has not settled on a site for its new plant, but Oklahoma and Texas are the leading states because of their incentive programs.",
"\n\nA spokesman for the Oklahoma Commerce Department did not know any details about the planned steel plant, but the state can offer a variety of incentives to promote job growth, including tax credits tied to hiring and capital investments.",
"\n\nBorusan Mannesmann expects to hire 350 people at its U.S. plant, which would be able to produce up to 300,000 tons of pipe a year.",
"\n\nMike Seney, senior vice president of policy analysis and strategic planning at the State Chamber of Oklahoma, said such jobs pay an average of $43,000 a year, while economic multipliers could result in the creation of nearly 1,400 new jobs.",
"\n\n“I think this is exactly the kind of strong manufacturing base that we're trying to develop,” he said.",
"\n\nSeney said there are several potential sites for the plant in Oklahoma.",
"\n\nHe said the state's location makes it a perfect distribution center for North America, with ready access to cross-country highways and the Tulsa Port of Catoosa.",
"\n\n“We have more going for us than any other state in the country, really,” Seney said.",
"\n\nOklahoma Independent Petroleum Association Chairman Mike Terry said the project would be a boon to the state."
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"Alternatively, other training devices may only function as a golf training device such that the training device may not be used for other purposes. ",
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"ASA administration leads to irreversible restriction of platelet aggregation. ",
"The objective of our work was to test possibilities of monitoring the effectiveness of ASA therapy by measuring the platelet aggregability in vitro after induction with cationic propyl gallate (CPG) which is considered a very potent aggregation inductor. ",
"We examined a group of 27 healthy volunteers divided into two sub-groups (n = 19, n = 8). ",
"In the first sub-group the platelet aggregation was examined before and after 24 hours following ingestion of 400 mg ASA after induction with ADP, collagen, adrenaline and CPG. ",
"In the second sub-group the platelet aggregation was examined before and after three-day administration of ASA--100 mg/day. ",
"In a group of 27 volunteers we assessed normal values of aggregation after different inductors. ",
"A low stability of the methods used was proved (low stability or insignificant correlation of results of the same method before and after ASA ingestion. ",
"The most useful parameter by means of which it was possible to monitor the effectiveness of administration of 400 or 100 mg ASA was the C/G slope (paired t-test, p < 0.0000002, and p < 0.001 resp.). ",
"In parameter CPG slope we were able to assess in both groups the cut-off value (< 53%/min.) ",
"by means of which it is possible to discriminate probands according to ASA therapy (contrary to the other commonly used inductors). ",
"From the results ensues that when assessing the thrombocyte aggregation after CPG induction we find a significantly lower percentage of so-called ASA non-respondents than after other inductors. ",
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"Q:\n\nTo comment out matches in Vim - independent on comment leader?",
"\n\nI want to comment out lines in some code I have. ",
" I have different kinds of codes, and they use different comment leaders. ",
" E.g. in latex: '%', in Fortran 90: '!' ",
"and in python: '#'. ",
" I want to do a substitute command that looks something like this:\n:g/<search-string>/s/^/<add-comment-leader-here>/\n\nIf this is possible, I could also make a command in Vim that automatically commented out the selected text. ",
" Something like this:\nvmap <z> :'<,'>s/^/<add-comment-leader-here>/\n\nAny ideas are welcome! :)",
"\n\nA:\n\nIf you haven't seen it already, you may be interested in the NERD Commenter Vim plugin.",
"\n\nA:\n\nCheck out Enhanced Commentify: I think this does what you want: it determines the comment leader based on the file type.",
"\nIf you want to do it yourself, the easiest way would be to define a mapping that uses exec to build a command and include a variable that is set in your ~/.vim/after/ftplugin/c.vim and other ftplugin files. ",
" Alternatively, just add the same mapping (with a different leader) to each ftplugin file.",
"\n\n"
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"NY Appellate Court Affirms Sanctions Imposed for Violation of TRO\n\nThe appeal addressed by this opinion is a companion to another appeal heard by the Appellate Division, Second Department, under the caption 2010-05428. ",
"That appeal has been addressed in another post, and reaches the merits of the underlying cause of action.",
"\n\nIn 2009, during the pendency of this action, the Supreme Court, Rockland County issued a temporary restraining order (hereinafter “TRO”) that prohibited the Town of Ramapo from issuing permits to an applicant who had been granted a permit under the challenged zoning regulation, known as the Adult Student Housing Law. ",
"While the appeal concerning the merits of this action was pending before the Second Department, the Supreme Court found the Town in contempt the TRO, and issued sanctions. ",
"The Town appealed this finding of contempt. ",
"In the companion appeal, the Second Department vacated the TRO. ",
"Nevertheless, under the instant appeal, the Second Department found the Supreme Court did not err in finding contempt.",
"\n\nFirst, the Second Department addressed the vacating of the TRO under the companion appeal. ",
"The court provided that a TRO violation can lead to sanctions even where the TRO is later vacated on appeal.",
"\n\nDuring the pendency of appeal, the Town was entitled to a statutory stay of the Supreme Court’s judgment. ",
"This stay, however, did not apply to prohibitory portions of the Supreme Court’s order. ",
"TRO’s are prohibitory in nature, and thus the stay did not apply. ",
"The Supreme Court provided that the TRO was to remain in effect until final resolution of the case. ",
"While the appeal of the underlying cause of action was pending, the Town issued a certificate of occupancy in violation of the TRO. ",
"Based on this violation, the Second Department determined the Supreme Court was correct to the find the Town in contempt on the TRO.",
"\n\nThe Second Department affirmed the finding of the Supreme Court and remanded the matter to determine the amount of sanctions. ",
"However, the Second Department did modify the amount of sanctions that could be imposed. ",
"The court affirmed the sanctions related to attorney’s fees, costs and expenses incurred by petitioners in moving to hold the Town in contempt, but reversed the sanction of $250 a day until the contempt was purged.",
"\n\nDisclaimer\n\nThis blog is provided for general informational purposes only. ",
"It should not be construed as legal advice and is not intended to be a substitute for legal counsel. ",
"Persons requiring legal advice should retain a properly licensed lawyer. ",
"No attorney-client relationship will be formed based on use of this site and any comments or posts to this blog will not be privileged or confidential."
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"School celebrates quarter of a century\n\nReport finds that more schools get top Ofsted marks\n\nFORMERS teachers and staff are being invited to a party to celebrate a school’s 25th anniversary.",
"\n\nPark Community School, in Middle Park Way, Leigh Par, will be marking a quarter of a century since it changed its name from Broomfield School in the late 1980s.",
"\n\nSince then the school has experienced a brief period in special measures, a major refurbishment in the 1990s, specialist school status in performing arts, maths and science, the loss of much-admired headteacher Sean Dickinson and a dramatic improvement in exam results.",
"\n\nChristopher Anders, headteacher, said: ‘We know that every person who has worked at Park or supported the school in some way over the years will have had a part of play in our fantastic journey.",
"\n\n‘In September we want to take a brief pause, reflect and celebrate all that is great about Park Community School, before looking forward to an even greater future for the school.’",
"\n\nInvitations for the celebration have already been issued, but the school is keen to hear from other members of staff over the 25 years who may have moved address. ",
"Call Jane Alder on (023) 9248 9801."
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"Given the importance of medical training, medical schools undoubtedly put a great deal of time and thought into the design and assessment of training programmes. ",
"In addition to course structure and content, other aspects taken into consideration are likely to include learning methods and student satisfaction. ",
"Nevertheless, less attention has been paid to how well such programmes prepare the student for *the next step*, their first positions as interns, as house officers or as newly registered physicians. ",
"This article concerns a study undertaken at a medical faculty in Sweden where the training programme was assessed through the views of alumni. ",
"The aim of this study was to describe and analyse alumni accounts of their medical education in order to evaluate how well their training prepared them for their current work as physicians.",
"\n\nA growing body of the higher education research points to a 'gap' between professional education and work [@CIT0001]. ",
"Labour market representatives, recruiters and employees often regard higher education as an entry ticket to a workplace competition where success is decided by other achievements [@CIT0002]. ",
"However, medical education may be better placed in this respect than other educational programmes. ",
"Generally, medical programmes have more practical training than other university programmes; there are also strong ties between the profession and medical education [@CIT0003].",
"\n\nA number of studies have addressed how graduate students view their training programme and curriculum. ",
"Generally, these studies report that many graduates feel unprepared for their first positions [@CIT0004]. ",
"Expressions of insecurity and anxiety about their first employment are themes in many alumni studies ([@CIT0005], [@CIT0006]). ",
"Lack of preparedness regarding decision-making, prescribing, treatment and practical skills is also reported [@CIT0007].",
"\n\nHowever, these studies have often targeted a set of predefined competences. ",
"Graduates have been asked to rate their own competences in areas defined as crucial by the medical school, by the researcher, or from a standard list of generic or specific skills such as those presented in *Tomorrow\\'s Doctors* ([@CIT0008], [@CIT0009]). ",
"Many such studies have also aimed to compare traditional medical training versus problem-based learning (PBL) ([@CIT0010], [@CIT0011]). ",
"Few studies have investigated the quality of education based on criteria other than those defined by the medical school or by teaching staff. ",
"What is felt important for graduates might differ from these predefined competences, as is shown by, for instance, Fitch et al. [",
"@CIT0012].",
"\n\nThe present study seeks to broaden the debate concerning what a graduate in medicine should master. ",
"The central question leading up to this study concerns what the *alumni themselves* consider to be valuable competences in situations they have faced as new graduates. ",
"Essentially, this question seeks to establish what is felt to be important rather than what has been taught well during the programme. ",
"This study regards *the competent physician* as an entity which must be defined empirically.",
"\n\nThe specific medical programme studied in this article is similar in length and curriculum to many other medical programmes in Europe. ",
"The core teaching programme lasts 5½ years, followed by approximately 1½ years of internship, roughly equivalent to the British pre-registration house officer (PRHO) system. ",
"While not being a 'full' PBL curriculum, the programme uses student-centred forms of learning and aims at vertical and horizontal integration. ",
"Furthermore, a 30-credit (European Credit Transfer System; ECTS) course in *professionalism* is included in the programme. ",
"The training programme has undergone revisions similar to those adopted in other European universities following the Bologna agreement and a shift towards outcome-based education.",
"\n\nMethods {#S0001}\n=======\n\nThe study employed a two-step enquiry procedure. ",
"First, alumni were interviewed in order to evaluate what they felt were the most important skills needed for the work they had just started. ",
"The aim of this first step was not to constitute a conclusive qualitative study, but rather to inform the creation of survey items, a method successfully used in other studies [@CIT0013]. ",
"Although the sample was rather small, it more than well filled this function. ",
"Second, a survey-based investigation was performed, using categories established from the interviews, to provide a statistical breakdown of the views of the alumni.",
"\n\nInterview {#S20002}\n---------\n\nNine alumni who had already worked as medical practitioners from one to three years were interviewed by phone. ",
"These alumni were selected with the objective of maximising the ranges of age, ethnicity, gender and geographical location. ",
"The initial enquiry sought to establish what they felt to be important for a (new) physician to know. ",
"Semi-structured interviews addressed the informants\\' views on their medical training programme and their current work situation. ",
"The interview guide used is presented in [Appendix 1](#APP0001){ref-type=\"app\"}. ",
"The questions presented were used as headlines for conversation and follow-up questions were asked where appropriate. ",
"Interview duration was approximately 30 minutes. ",
"A more honest rather than politically correct view of physicians work was desired. ",
"Therefore, the use of phone interviews was not chosen entirely for practical reasons. ",
"It was felt that the issues dealt with during the interview might in fact be easier to discuss with a distance from the interviewer. ",
"Following these interviews, key competences were extracted and reformulated as skills, knowledge or attitudes relevant to working as a physician. ",
"The following quote from one of the interviews illustrates how these extractions were made:\"It \\[being a competent physician\\] is first and foremost about a good doctor--patient relationship, that you respect the patient. ",
"I\\'m easily impressed by older colleagues who handle patients well. ",
"It\\'s also about listening to the patient\\'s needs, being a good listener ... that you have a nice manner. ",
"And you also present things in a way the patient can understand. (",
"Quotation translated from Swedish and adjusted for clarity)\"Competences identified in this quotation include being able to (a) establish a strong doctor--patient relationship, (b) show the patient respect, (c) listen to the patient\\'s needs and (d) present information to the patient intelligibly. ",
"This step of interview analysis produced a list of 52 competences.",
"\n\nThe second step in this analysis classified these 52 competences into a more manageable number. ",
"The number of competences was reduced by merging interview statements expressing similar meaning. ",
"Since the author (not being a physician himself) was not fully acquainted with medical terminology, two senior staff members from the medical school were consulted during this process. ",
"Formulation of the competences to be included in the survey aimed to preserve as far as possible the original wording as used by the informants at interview because changing the expressions employed might have altered the specific meaning attributed to them. ",
"This process identified 32 key competences in five major categories. ",
"These categories are as follows:Medical knowledge and skills -- eight items.",
"Interpersonal skills (patient relationships) -- six items.",
"Interpersonal skills (staff and workplace issues) -- eight items.",
"Life-long learning skills -- five items.",
"Intrapersonal skills -- five items.",
"\n\nSurvey {#S20003}\n------\n\nAn electronic survey was prepared based on the interview data. ",
"The survey was sent to three cohorts of graduates (*n* = 169). ",
"The alumni had then been working for at least one year and a maximum of two-and-a-half years. ",
"Some were still working as interns, while others were newly registered physicians. ",
"Letters with a URL pointing to the electronic survey were sent to respondents\\' home addresses. ",
"These letters also contained information about the purpose of the investigation. ",
"The response rate was 73% (*n* = 123). ",
"Two reminders were sent to non-respondents, in approximately two-week intervals. ",
"Of the non-respondents, 10 were contacted briefly by telephone and asked if they could comment on why they had not answered the survey. ",
"Time pressure and forgetfulness were the two major reasons given.",
"\n\nThe 32 competences derived from the preliminary interviews each headlined a set of questions. ",
"Under this headline, three subsidiary questions were asked in which the respondents were asked to rate how *important* they thought the competence in question was, how they rated their *own competence* in the specific area identified and how much *attention* they felt this competence should have been given during their undergraduate training. [",
"Fig. ",
"1](#F0001){ref-type=\"fig\"} shows an example of a survey question.",
"\n\n{#F0001}\n\nAn important principle, originating from the design of this study, is that interpretation of data has been done *relatively*. ",
"That is, any mark on the scale in the questionnaire should not be viewed as an absolute, but rather interpreted in relation to other answers. ",
"For instance, a noted five for importance is only considered in relation to how other competencies have been rated, giving the result that one competence was felt to be more important than another. ",
"This more careful interpretation allows for the reasonable assumption that newly graduated doctors are not the best judges of, for instance, their own competence, as have been shown in other studies [@CIT0014].",
"\n\nIn addition, each questionnaire contained several free-text sections in which respondents were encouraged to add, in their own words, any further information or comments they felt to be relevant or appropriate. ",
"These comments were coded according to topic and used for clarification and explanation of results in the discussion.",
"\n\nThis survey was not piloted, as a pilot was seen as conflicting with the ambition to create survey questions from interview statements. ",
"A pilot with the purpose of changing survey questions was seen as incompatible with an inductive approach and the ambition to preserve the wording from interview respondents.",
"\n\nResults {#S0004}\n=======\n\nThe findings are structured according to the category of competence identified in the first interview study. ",
"Competences under each category are presented as a table giving the mean respondent score and standard deviation for each question. ",
"Question titles in [Tables 1](#T0001){ref-type=\"table\"}--[5](#T0005){ref-type=\"table\"} are abbreviations of the original questions.",
"\n\nMedical knowledge and skills {#S20005}\n----------------------------\n\nThe results in the category of medical knowledge and skills are shown in [Table 1](#T0001){ref-type=\"table\"}. ",
"This category includes practical and theoretical knowledge specific to the medical profession. ",
"As we shall see, the other categories deal more with generic or transferable skills [@CIT0015].",
"\n\n###### \n\nCompetence regarding medical knowledge and skills\n\n Mean rating and standard deviation (σ) \n --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------- ------------\n Knowledge of basic biomedicine 3.6 (0.9) 3.7 (0.9) −0.1 (0.7)\n Knowledge of symptoms and diseases 4.9 (0.3) 3.6 (0.7) 0.9 (0.7)\n Patient examination skills 4.7 (0.5) 3.1 (0.9) 1.2 (0.8)\n Knowledge of terms and conceptions 4.0 (0.8) 4.2 (0.8) 0.1 (0.4)\n Treating common diseases and problems 4.7 (0.5) 3.4 (0.9) 0.9 (0.8)\n Practical skills 4.2 (0.7) 2.8 (1.0) 1.0 (0.9)\n Handle patients with somatic problems 4.6 (0.6) 3.2 (1.0) 0.8 (0.8)\n Do medical research 3.2 (0.9) 2.6 (1.1) 0.2 (0.9)\n\nTwo areas stand out in respondents\\' views on important competences. ",
"Specifically, '*Knowledge of basic biomedicine*' and '*Perform medical research'* (mean scores 3.6 and 3.2, respectively) were seen to be significantly less important than other competences. ",
"This view was also reflected by responses regarding coverage where a score of 3 indicated 'appropriate' or 'sufficient' coverage during the training programme. ",
"The mean coverage scores for these two competences were close to 3. '*",
"Knowledge of terms and conceptions*', while considered more important, was also rated close to 3 regarding coverage. ",
"In contrast, the mean coverage scores for all the other competences were closer to 4, indicating that the alumni felt that more attention should have been devoted to these areas. ",
"Practical skills and patient examination skills appeared to be of most concern, both regarding coverage and self-assessed competence.",
"\n\nInterpersonal skills -- patient relationships {#S20006}\n---------------------------------------------\n\nAbilities regarding the doctor--patient relationship are presented in [Table 2](#T0002){ref-type=\"table\"}.",
"\n\n###### \n\nCompetence regarding interpersonal skills -- patient\n\n Mean rating and standard deviation (σ) \n ----------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------- -----------\n Build a (good) doctor--patient relation 4.8 (0.4) 4.2 (0.7) 0.0 (0.7)\n Build trust between doctor and patient 4.8 (0.4) 3.7 (0.9) 0.4 (0.8)\n Inform patients intelligibly 4.9 (0.4) 3.9 (0.8) 0.5 (0.8)\n Breaking bad news 4.6 (0.6) 3.1 (1.0) 0.6 (0.7)\n Being humble in relation to patient 4.3 (0.8) 4.2 (0.8) 0.1 (0.7)\n Acknowledge patient integrity 4.4 (0.7) 4.0 (0.9) 0.2 (0.7)\n\nIn general, the alumni felt that competences in this category were very important. ",
"However, they also found themselves (with the exception of '*breaking bad news*') fairly competent with respect to their interpersonal skills. ",
"In addition, the respondents rated 'desired coverage' fairly low compared to the other categories.",
"\n\nInterpersonal skills -- staff and workplace issues {#S20007}\n--------------------------------------------------\n\nThis category deals with relations at work and ancillary duties (such as administration and night duty) that the alumni at interview felt to be of importance. ",
"The questions and responses are listed in [Table 3](#T0003){ref-type=\"table\"}.",
"\n\n###### \n\nCompetence regarding interpersonal skills -- staff and workplace issues\n\n Mean rating and standard deviation (σ) \n ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------- -----------\n Practice good leadership 4.1 (0.8) 2.9 (1.0) 0.7 (0.8)\n Being humble in relation to staff 4.2 (0.7) 4.3 (0.9) 0.3 (0.7)\n Cooperate with staff 4.8 (0.4) 4.2 (0.8) 0.4 (0.7)\n Knowledge of other medical professions 3.9 (0.7) 3.4 (1.1) 0.3 (0.6)\n Conflict management 4.2 (0.9) 3.0 (1.1) 0.6 (0.7)\n Administrative tasks 4.0 (0.9) 3.1 (1.1) 0.4 (0.7)\n Handling night duty (on call) 4.7 (0.6) 2.9 (1.1) 1.0 (0.8)\n Preparedness for being reported 3.9 (1.0) 2.3 (1.1) 0.6 (0.8)\n\nOverall the alumni felt less competent in many areas concerning decision-making, conflict management and handling night duty. ",
"They felt ill-prepared for the possible eventuality that they might be reported to the Board. ",
"Night duty, in particular, was perceived to be stressful. ",
"Alumni clearly would have wanted more coverage and/or preparation for these occasions.",
"\n\nLife-long learning skills {#S20008}\n-------------------------\n\nSeveral of the informants in the interviews stressed the importance of continuing education and related competences ([Table 4](#T0004){ref-type=\"table\"}).",
"\n\n###### \n\nCompetence regarding life-long learning skills\n\n Mean rating and standard deviation (σ) \n ------------------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ----------- -----------\n Browse books for knowledge 4.4 (0.8) 4.5 (0.8) 0.0 (0.5)\n Browse databases for scientific articles 4.4 (0.7) 3.1 (1.3) 0.6 (0.9)\n Understand scientific articles 4.2 (0.7) 3.3 (1.2) 0.5 (0.7)\n Learning from colleagues 4.7 (0.5) 4.6 (0.7) 0.2 (0.5)\n Critical thinking 4.8 (0.5) 3.6 (0.9) 0.7 (0.7)\n\nIn general, these competences were judged to be very important. ",
"However, there was marked variation in self-assessed abilities in this area. ",
"Learning from the books and colleagues appeared less problematic than finding and understanding the scientific articles. ",
"There was also a desire for more training in finding scientific articles and, notably, in critical thinking skills.",
"\n\nIntrapersonal skills {#S20009}\n--------------------\n\nThe final category, intrapersonal skills, addresses how the respondent personally handles workplace issues as interns or as newly registered physicians ([Table 5](#T0005){ref-type=\"table\"}).",
"\n\n###### \n\nCompetence regarding intrapersonal skills\n\n Mean rating and standard deviation (σ) \n ------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------- -----------\n Ability to work hard 3.2 (1.0) 3.9 (1.0) 0.1 (0.7)\n Ability to separate work and spare-time 4.6 (0.7) 2.9 (1.2) 0.8 (0.8)\n Stress management 4.7 (0.4) 3.0 (1.0) 0.9 (0.8)\n Ability to get an overview and prioritise 4.8 (0.4) 3.0 (1.1) 1.0 (0.7)\n Being confident 4.1 (0.7) 3.3 (1.1) 0.6 (0.7)\n\nThe largest differences between 'Importance' and 'Self-assessed ability' were found in this category. ",
"This may not be surprising because this category deals with situations that are stressful or psychologically demanding. ",
"The alumni clearly wished to be more prepared in dealing with stressful situations.",
"\n\nIn the free-text sections many comments concerned 'ability to work hard'. ",
"A substantial number of alumni appeared to be unhappy that they were expected to work hard and for long hours, even though they often acknowledged that the job demands this commitment.",
"\n\nSummary of results {#S20010}\n------------------\n\nThis study has highlighted a number of areas where the alumni feel either well-prepared or unprepared for *the next step* and their first positions. ",
"Most competences listed in the survey were seen to be important in the work of physicians. ",
"This suggests, even though the interview sample was small, that the interviews covered the majority of areas that the alumni felt to be important. ",
"The following conclusions can be drawn from the results of the survey:The alumni considered that training in knowledge of symptoms, diseases and treatments was significantly more important than basic biomedical knowledge.",
"The alumni reported a lack of training and preparedness regarding practical competences including patient examination skills.",
"Many of the skills listed as important are in fact generic skills.",
"The alumni were generally confident about their skills regarding doctor--patient relationships and cooperation with other staff.",
"There were many concerns concerning their abilities to handle stressful situations at work. ",
"Issues identified included leadership, conflicts, being reported to the Board and handling night duty. ",
"Respondent scores on intrapersonal skills, including ability to prioritise, stress management and balancing work with free-time, reflected similar concerns.",
"The alumni generally considered that life-long learning skills are important. ",
"While they felt fairly confident in this respect, browsing for and understanding scientific articles were areas where more training would have been helpful.",
"\n\nDiscussion {#S0011}\n==========\n\nThe inductive approach used in this study has produced a list of important competences that differ somewhat from those found in other lists. ",
"For example, life-long learning was considered to be very important while other lists seldom include these items. ",
"Most of the lists have not discriminated between different forms of medical knowledge (basic and applied), an important finding in the present study. ",
"One interpretation of [Table 1](#T0001){ref-type=\"table\"} is that the alumni feel themselves to be adequately prepared regarding basic biomedical theory as required for their current positions and duties, and even in some cases overly prepared. ",
"However, the respondents felt they lacked practical skills and 'clinical' knowledge of symptoms, diseases and treatments -- competences that have more direct practical applicability in the workplace than knowledge of the underlying anatomical or biomedical structures.",
"\n\nThere are, however, many similarities with studies that have employed predefined lists of competences. ",
"Regarding the doctor--patient relationship, alumni generally felt themselves to be fairly competent in the area and did not advise more training. ",
"In another study, student graduates similarly provided high self-estimates of interpersonal competence compared to other general competences [@CIT0010]. ",
"One explanation of these results is that whereas the alumni consider these competences to be very important, they do not consider these to be 'teachable' or 'learnable' in a medical programme. ",
"A quote from one of the interviews might illustrate this opinion:\"My competence in the doctor--patient relationship is much more because of my personality traits and my personal experience than anything we learned during the programme. ",
"Much of it is common sense and self-evident politeness in interpersonal relations ... It should not be taught in an academic setting.",
"\"However, there is evidence to suggest that students change their attitude toward training in communication skills after completing medical school. ",
"Watmough et al. [",
"@CIT0016] reported a similar attitude to learning interpersonal skills. ",
"In their study, students realised the value of specific courses in communication skills only after they had completed them.",
"\n\nNo evident problems were identified regarding relations with other staff in the areas of cooperation and professional respect. ",
"In contrast, several comments in the free-text sections of the surveys indicated that the alumni felt themselves to be unprepared for the 'loneliness' of leadership and that they had to be much firmer than expected.",
"\"We are very well trained for working in teams by the methods from the programme, but when I am the only doctor on the ER a dark night, I alone must decide what to do.",
"\"Due to the number of similar comments, competence regarding firmness and 'standing your ground' should possibly be considered for inclusion if this study is repeated.",
"\n\nThe present study is consistent with earlier studies reporting that alumni generally feel themselves unprepared for dealing with critical and stressful situations. ",
"They feel uncomfortable with their competence regarding prioritisation, stress management and issues regarding clinical leadership. ",
"However, the overall results suggest a rather consistent view that these skills are 'unlearnable' except in real life encounters. ",
"One of the interviewed alumni who had been working for 2½ years remarked:\"This is not possible to learn or train for prior to working, and then things sort themselves out after a while. ",
"You are less stressed out, can prioritize better, and when your confidence increases, the night duty feels OK and even exciting at times.",
"\"Goldacre et al. [",
"@CIT0004] asks whether mismatches between education and work are short-term hindrances rather than critical flaws of undergraduate education. ",
"Some comments in the free-text sections as well as interviews with more experienced alumni suggest that these problems sort themselves out over a relatively short period of time. ",
"However, it may be possible to prepare students better for stressful situations in the first year of employment. ",
"There is evidence that shadowing a physician whose post a student is to take over can provide more security and familiarity [@CIT0005].",
"\n\nConcerning life-long learning skills, the alumni highlighted a need for more training in finding and understanding scientific articles and in developing their critical thinking skills. ",
"Nevertheless, an important finding was that the alumni generally did not consider that an ability to actually *do* medical research was an important competence as a physician. ",
"It seems clear that a majority of the alumni picture their future careers in clinical practice rather than in research. ",
"This is a growing concern for members of the medical faculty in question. ",
"A 30 ECTS-credit student research project is currently scheduled for inclusion in the revised curriculum, with the expectation that this will raise students\\' interest in medical research.",
"\n\nFinally, an important note on the methodology of this study is offered. ",
"The author would like to stress that interpretation of means in [@CIT0001]--[@CIT0005] should be done relatively rather than absolute. ",
"Viewing the mean ratings as absolute would give rise to unreasonable conclusions. ",
"For instance, considering 'preferred coverage', the answers would suggest that alumni would have liked 'more of everything' (since almost all competencies have been given positive numbers on preferred coverage). ",
"Instead, interpretation of data has consistently been done relatively, so that a high rating of one competence only means something in so far as it is rated higher than other competencies.",
"\n\nThe following limitations of the study are noted: all interviews and subsequent analysis were carried out by the author alone. ",
"Ideally, more researchers would have been involved in the process of selecting items for the survey. ",
"Additionally, this study has explored the views of graduates of a single Swedish medical school. ",
"Even if the results are perhaps most relevant to consider for the educators at that particular institution, there are features of this study that make results more general. ",
"The study does not ask questions about particular features of local curriculum but rather of general competences related to the first years of medical practice. ",
"In addition, as all Swedish physicians are accredited to work at the hospital of choice in Sweden as well as in other EU countries, the curricula have to be similar enough to make the results presented in this study possible to apply to other institutions.",
"\n\nConcluding remarks {#S0012}\n==================\n\nEducation research continues to emphasise differences between the educational and workplace environments. ",
"Graduates are seldom of the view that their education has provided them with a key set of skills and competences for their chosen career. ",
"Nevertheless, medical training programmes may hope to be better attuned to the needs of the trainee. ",
"Medical students, in view of long periods of internship combined with a tradition of clinical supervision, are likely to be better prepared for their future work than are students in other fields. ",
"However, despite these advantages, the alumni respondents in this study expressed several concerns about their preparedness for work as a physician.",
"\n\nAs noted by some alumni, perhaps the perfect preparation for work as a physician is not attainable. ",
"Real-life situations such as encounters with sick patients, decision-making under pressure and conflicts with colleagues cannot be easily or realistically simulated. ",
"In addition, it may not be enough to discuss these situations in class or to read about them in books. ",
"It is therefore likely that the perfect medical curriculum that fully prepares graduates for working life may be impossible to realise.",
"\n\nThe views of the alumni are likely to be helpful when revising the content of the medical curriculum. ",
"They suggest ways in which medical teachers might better prepare their students. ",
"Even so, it is important to bear in mind that there may be other equally important views regarding what medical education should focus upon. ",
"What do senior physicians consider to be the most important areas for inclusion; what in retrospect did they find most useful in their education? ",
"Conversely, what type of doctor do patients want to see in our hospitals? ",
"Finally, in addition to preparation for work, are there other aims or agendas that must shape the medical curriculum? ",
"Further studies will be required to address these issues.",
"\n\nConflict of interest and funding {#S0013}\n================================\n\nThe author has not received any funding or benefits from industry to conduct this study.",
"\n\nTell me, in your own words, how you experienced the transition from medical student to medical practitioner.",
"What do you consider to be important competences in your current work?How did you acquire these competences?Tell me about a critical incident that you encountered in your work. ",
"How was this situation resolved?Tell me about an incident when you felt particularly competent or proficient. ",
"How was this situation resolved?Could you describe in what ways you felt [@CIT0001] prepared, [@CIT0002] unprepared, for medical practice when you started to work?What areas of your undergraduate training do you consider most helpful or important in your current work?What areas of your undergraduate training do you consider unhelpful or unimportant in your current work?Are there competence areas, important in your current work, which you consider to be missing or overlooked in the undergraduate programme?",
"\n"
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"The driver changes continue for Team Aguri with the announcement that Ma Qinghua will be replacing Salvador Duran.",
"\n\nThe 28 year old racer rose to prominence as the test driver for both the HRT and Caterham Formula 1 teams, and also has the honour of being the first Chinese driver to win an FIA World Touring Car Championship race, when he secured victory at the 2014 Race of Russia – his debut in the series.",
"\n\nQinghua will replace Salvador Duran, who had previously rejoined the team between the Buenos Aires and Long Beach rounds of the Championship, and will race alongside Antonio Felix da Costa.",
"\n\nMa Qinghua commented: “Joining Team Aguri is a great opportunity for me and I am very excited to be racing in Formula E, as the series has attracted some of the best drivers from around the world.”",
"\n\n“I’m looking forward to racing in a single seater series again and to managing the unique demands of a Formula E car, which is renowned for its handling and energy management demands.”",
"\n\nMark Preston, Team Principal, commented: “We’d like to thank Salvador for his commitment to the team and his hard work in developing the car. ",
"We wish him the very best in his future career.”",
"\n\n“Ma has shown his prowess in tin tops and we are excited to give him the opportunity to return to single seater racing as we drive the team forward.”",
"\n\nWe’ve seen a changes throughout the first half of season with Team Aguri, with this the third driver to race alongside da Costa. ",
"With the new sponsorship deal with Gulf Livery confirmed in March I’m sure they would like a settled second half of the season.",
"\n\nUpdate: Team Aguri confirm investment company bid"
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"Large 3' UTR of sugar beet rps3 is truncated in cytoplasmic male-sterile mitochondria.",
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"Its influence on the expression of the mitochondrial gene was proposed as one of the possible causes of CMS. ",
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"The present study was conducted to determine whether the deletion affected gene expression. ",
"Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed the co-transcription of rps3 and Norf246. ",
"By circularized RNA (CR) RT-PCR analysis, the 5' and 3' termini of the 3.8- and the 0.9-kb transcripts were determined. ",
"The results suggested that the 3.8-kb transcripts were the rps3 mRNA bearing ~464-base 5' untranslated region (UTR) and ~1,508-base 3' UTR, whereas no functional ORF was observed in the 0.9-kb transcripts. ",
"CR-RT-PCR revealed that the 3' UTR of the 2.7-kb transcripts was reduced to ~460 bases. ",
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"Although the deleted region encoded the truncated-atp9 that was edited, no influence on the pattern and frequency of RNA editing of genuine atp9 was evident. ",
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"Q:\n\nCan I get three roots $a'$, $b'$ and $c'$ such that $P(x)=(x-a')(x-b')(x-c')$?",
"\n\nIf I have $(x-a)(x-b)(x-c)=1$ ($a,b,c \\in \\mathbb{Z}$) for the polynomial\n $P(x)=(x-a)(x-b)(x-c)-1$, can I get three roots $a'$, $b'$ and $c'$\n such that $P(x)=(x-a')(x-b')(x-c')$?",
"\n\nThis is only a personal question I asked myself in relation to a question from a PUTNAM competition (preparation). ",
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"Does someone could advise me on this?",
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"A huge genetic study that sought to pinpoint how the human genome is evolving suggests that natural selection is getting rid of harmful genetic mutations that shorten people’s lives. ",
"The work, published in PLoS Biology, analysed DNA from 215,000 people and is one of the first attempts to probe directly how humans are evolving over one or two generations.",
"\n\nTo identify which bits of the human genome might be evolving, researchers scoured large US and UK genetic databases for mutations whose prevalence changed across different age groups. ",
"For each person, the parents’ age of death was recorded as a measure of longevity, or their own age in some cases.",
"\n\n“If a genetic variant influences survival, its frequency should change with the age of the surviving individuals,” says Hakhamanesh Mostafavi, an evolutionary biologist at Columbia University in New York City who led the study. ",
"People who carry a harmful genetic variant die at a higher rate, so the variant becomes rarer in the older portion of the population.",
"\n\nMostafavi and his colleagues tested more than 8 million common mutations, and found two that seemed to become less prevalent with age. ",
"A variant of the APOE gene, which is strongly linked to Alzheimer’s disease, was rarely found in women over 70. ",
"And a mutation in the CHRNA3 gene associated with heavy smoking in men petered out in the population starting in middle age. ",
"People without these mutations have a survival edge and are more likely to live longer, the researchers suggest.",
"\n\nThis is not, by itself, evidence of evolution at work. ",
"In evolutionary terms, having a long life isn’t as important as having a reproductively fruitful one, with many children who survive into adulthood and birth their own offspring. ",
"So harmful mutations that exert their effects after reproductive age could be expected to be ‘neutral’ in the eyes of evolution, and not selected against.",
"\n\nBut if that were the case, there would be plenty of such mutations still kicking around in the genome, the authors argue. ",
"That such a large study found only two strongly suggests that evolution is “weeding” them out, says Mostafavi, and that others have probably already been purged from the population by natural selection.",
"\n\nLinks to longevity\n\nWhy these late-acting mutations might lower a person’s genetic fitness—their ability to reproduce and spread their genes—remains an open question.",
"\n\nThe authors suggest that for men, it could be that those who live longer can have more children, but this is unlikely to be the whole story. ",
"So scientists are considering two other explanations for why longevity is important. ",
"First, parents surviving into old age in good health can care for their children and grandchildren, increasing the later generations’ chances of surviving and reproducing. ",
"This is sometimes known as the ‘grandmother hypothesis’, and may explain why humans tend to live long after menopause.",
"\n\nSecond, it’s possible that genetic variants that are explicitly bad in old age are also harmful—but more subtly—earlier in life. “",
"You would need extremely large samples to see these small effects,” says Iain Mathieson, a population geneticist at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, so that’s why it’s not yet possible to tell whether this is the case.",
"\n\nThe researchers also found that certain groups of genetic mutations, which individually would not have a measurable effect but together accounted for health threats, appeared less often in people who were expected to have long lifespans than in those who weren't. ",
"These included predispositions to asthma, high body mass index and high cholesterol. ",
"Most surprising, however, was the finding that sets of mutations that delay puberty and childbearing are more prevalent in long-lived people.",
"\n\nTo see a genetic link to delayed childbearing is intriguing, says Jonathan Pritchard, a geneticist at Standford University in California. ",
"The link between longevity and late fertility has been spotted before, but those studies could not discount the effects of wealth and education, because people with high levels of both tend to have children later in life. ",
"The latest genetic evidence makes Pritchard think there is an evolutionary trade-off between fertility and longevity, which had previously been studied only in other animals. “",
"To actually find this in humans is really pretty cool,” he says. “",
"I think it's a really nice study.”",
"\n\nStudying ongoing evolution in humans is notoriously difficult. ",
"Scientists who want to observe selection directly would need to measure the frequency of a mutation in one generation, and then again in all that generation’s children and, better still, grandchildren, says Gil McVean, a statistical geneticist at the University of Oxford, UK. “",
"That would be very hard to do well,” he says. “",
"You would need vast samples”.",
"\n\nThis article is reproduced with permission and was first published on September 6, 2017.",
"\n\nScientific American is part of Springer Nature, which owns or has commercial relations with thousands of scientific publications (many of them can be found at www.springernature.com/us). ",
"Scientific American maintains a strict policy of editorial independence in reporting developments in science to our readers."
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"\nclass RandomSource : public QObject {\n Q_OBJECT\npublic:\n RandomSource(GLData* g) {\n _g = g;\n _g->setPoints(); \n _g->setPosition(1,0,-6);\n _g->setUsageDynamicDraw();\n }\n ~RandomSource() {\n }\n void addRandomPoint () {\n float x,y,z,r,g,b;\n x= (float)qrand() / (float)RAND_MAX;\n y= (float)qrand() / (float)RAND_MAX;\n z=0;\n r= (float)qrand() / (float)RAND_MAX;\n g= (float)qrand() / (float)RAND_MAX;\n b= (float)qrand() / (float)RAND_MAX;\n GLVertex v(x,y,z,r,g,b);\n std::cout << \" adding \"; \n v.str();\n std::cout << \"\\n\"; \n unsigned id = _g->addVertex(v);\n std::vector<unsigned> verts(1);\n verts[0]=id;\n _g->addPolygon(verts);\n _g->updateVBO();\n //_g->print();\n };\npublic slots:\n \n void timeOutSlot() {\n //std::cout << \" src::timeout() ! ",
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"Radical radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.",
"\nAnalysis of the therapeutic value of radical irradiation for patients with uterine cervical adenocarcinoma with special reference to pelvic disease control. ",
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"Seven patients were treated with high dose-rate (HDR) intracavitary irradiation, eleven with low dose-rate (LDR) intracavitary irradiation and two with HDR and LDR. ",
"Six out of the 20 patients experienced pelvic recurrence (all stage IIIB patients). ",
"Analysis of the relation between pelvic recurrence and dose rate of intracavitary irradiation revealed that LDR showed a higher pelvic disease control rate than HDR (6/7 vs. 0/4) in stage IIIB patients. ",
"Intracavitary irradiation doses of LDR were 1.2 to 1.5 times higher than those of HDR. ",
"Three out of the 20 patients developed rectal complication grade 2 (two patients treated with HDR, one with LDR). ",
"The five-year cumulative survival rate was 67.2% for all, 100% for stage I and II, and 43.3% for stage IIIB patients. ",
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"FF7 Remake Confirmed At State of Play Event No need for panic, FF7 will be gracing the PS4...\n\nDuring Sony’s annual State of Play event, FF7 shared the headlines, alongside The MediEvil remake, in what was a shock-showing, catching many by surprise.",
"\n\nAt the event, Square Enix and Sony confirmed the release of FF7, during the recent State of Play live stream.",
"\n\nIn what was a grand spectacle of new and upcoming games, Sony closed the showtime curtain with a sneaky yet short glimpse of the FF7 remake.",
"\n\nIn truth, the brief video acts as a fleetingly tantalizing hint at what’s to come. ",
"That said, the trailers rich blend of cinematic, story-driven footage infused with combat-based gameplay, has quickly become a huge talking point for many. ",
"And, reconfirmation of the game is sure to alleviate any fan concerns. ",
"All the while, setting tongues wagging about the FF7 remake once more.",
"\n\nAfter all, doubts over the game’s future had been cast, following the news of supposed development issues. ",
"To add insult to injury, the shortage of footage, or even news related to the game, for a long duration, had raised many an eyebrow. ",
"And thus, leading many to surmise that the game could go on the backburner, in time for the release of Sony’s 5th iteration console.",
"\n\nNow, any negative suspicions surrounding the FF7 remake have been once and for all, put to bed. ",
"Undoubtedly, to the delight of fans worldwide. ",
"Besides, this year’s State of Play is solely a showcase of PS4 games. ",
"Therefore, negating any concerns over a potential delay.",
"\n\nPerhaps it is safe to assume that the FF7 remake is closer to a release than previously expected. ",
"Given the fact that Sony’s PS5 is rumored to hit shelves sometime in 2020. ",
"Although, that remains unsubstantiated at this point.",
"\n\nWe want to know. ",
"What do you think of the FF7 remake? ",
"Are your expectations high considering the amount of time in development? ",
"Let us know in the chat below. ",
"As always, we appreciate your views.",
"\n\nFor more hot-off-the-press intel, be sure to visit our news hub."
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"Google has been working on augmented and virtual reality for some time, through its Tango and Daydream projects. ",
"While there’s a great deal of overlap between the two, I’ve outlined before why it’s clear to me that Apple’s focus is very much on augmented reality: overlaying virtual content on the real world.",
"\n\nNordVPN\n\nGoogle’s I/O conference had two AR-focused announcements. ",
"First, Tango now gets a new Visual Positioning Service (VPS) that effectively acts as a highly accurate form of indoor GPS.",
"\n\nApple has of course been working on its own approach to indoor GPS since 2013, using a combination of the M7 dedicated motion coprocessor in the iPhone and iBeacons. ",
"VPS takes a different approach, using a 3D camera system to build a detailed three-dimensional visual map of an indoor space.",
"\n\nSecond, Google revealed that the first smartphone with support for both Tango and Daydream capabilities will be launched in the summer: the ASUS ZenFone AR.",
"\n\nIf you want to predict the type of applications you’re likely to see from any new technology, ‘follow the money’ is always a safe bet – so it’s no surprise that shopping is a key focus of the ZenFone.",
"\n\nCNET reports that hardware chain Lowes is already on board with VPS, offering an app that allows you to put together a shopping list and then be guided around the store to where you’ll find the items. ",
"Once your shopping is complete, it can guide you to the first available checkout.",
"\n\nBut AR can do much more that this. ",
"For example, shopping for furniture? ",
"The ZenFone allows you to create a 3D map of your home, as seen in the top image. ",
"Then when you go to the furniture store, you’ll be able to take 3D images of, say, a sofa, and see exactly what it would look like in your living room.",
"\n\nSimilarly with clothes. ",
"The Gap already allows you to project any item of clothing onto a virtual mannequin, to get a better sense of what it looks like when being worn. ",
"An obvious next step would be to create 3D images of your own body so that you can see what it looks like on you, without the hassle of trying it on.",
"\n\nAnother safe bet with any new tech is gaming applications. ",
"Virtual reality is of course heavily focused on games, but as we’ve seen with Pokémon Go, augmented reality can also be used for gaming.",
"\n\nThe blurring of the line between VR and AR is likely to be particularly acute with gaming. ",
"For example, the upcoming Sims Freeplay has support for VR. ",
"Not only can you tilt your phone to see the scenes from any angle, but you can zoom right in to virtually walk around the rooms of your simulated world. ",
"Take that idea one step further and you could perhaps interact with your Sims characters in your own living room.",
"\n\nBut AR can also be used for more worthy ideas. ",
"For example, how much more engaged would kids be in learning about the solar system if you could use AR to bring planets right into the classroom and allow them to walk around them, or explore them with a selfie stick?",
"\n\nThat’s an application available right now on the ZenFone AR. ",
"We’ve also seen more specialist applications of AR in fields like surgery and can doubtless expect more from hardware more geared to handling it.",
"\n\nApple will of course have its own specific plans for AR, but these general areas – AR mapping, shopping, gaming and education – seem likely bets.",
"\n\nWhat type of AR applications most excite you? ",
"What are the ideas we haven’t mentioned that you think have potential? ",
"As always, please share your thoughts and ideas in the comments.",
"\n\nAbout the Author\n\nBen Lovejoy is a British technology writer and EU Editor for 9to5Mac. ",
"He’s known for his op-eds and diary pieces, exploring his experience of Apple products over time, for a more rounded review. ",
"He also writes fiction, with two technothriller novels, a couple of SF shorts and a rom-com!"
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"All rights reserved.",
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"\n\n// +build !",
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"Trying to set a theme again it won’t work. ",
"To fix this you just have to remove one file and regenerate the cache config with another command, just execute:\n\n$ rm ~/.config/Trolltech.conf\n$ kbuildsycoca4 --noincremental\n\n$ rm ~/.config/Trolltech.conf\n$ kbuildsycoca4 --noincremental\n\nThen restart your session (or close your apps and open them again) and there you go, pretty again!"
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"21 Mitchell Farm Dr, Sharpsburg, GA 30277\n\nBETTER THAN NEW gorgeous 4 plus 5th/bonus bedroom home with 4 1/2 baths in Mitchell Farm. ",
"This stunning home has upgrades galore from the moment you walk in to the spacious open floor plan. ",
"Private office and separate dining room as you enter the home. ",
"Hardwoods are found in the living areas including the great room as well as the upstairs hallway. ",
"Custom upgraded lighting throughout. ",
"Cabinets are upgraded and make a welcome addition to the laundry room, walk-in pantry, plus shelving in the mudroom. ",
"Two refrigerators to stay including an extra in the pantry. ",
"Custom backsplash, granite, upgraded appliances, under cabinet lighting enhance the custom cabinetry and enormous island. ",
"Upgraded tile floors and tile surround in all four of the full baths. ",
"Master on main with a beautiful custom design tile in the master bath plus a frameless shower door. ",
"Upstairs includes 3 spacious bedrooms and 2 private full baths plus a full bath to share with the 4th bedroom and the bonus room with closet. ",
"Covered patio features extended concrete for additional seating and ample room to entertain. ",
"Professional landscape lighting installed on front exterior of home. ",
"Located just south of the roundabout at Hwy 16 and 54, this home is convenient to Interstate 85 and Pinewood Studios. ",
"AT&T Internet available!",
"\n\nFrom Sharpsburg head south on Hwy 54 and continue straight through the roundabout at Hwy 16. ",
"Take a right on Ragsdale Rd. ",
"Mitchell Farm will be on your right. ",
"Home is first on right.",
"\n\nSummary of 21 Mitchell Farm Dr\n\n21 Mitchell Farm Dr is a 3,951(*estimated) square foot home with 4 bedrooms and 4 bathrooms located in Sharpsburg GA, Coweta County. ",
"This property is listed for sale at $439,900 and is currently active and accepting offers."
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"Editor’s note: This article was originally published in 2016 but we’ve added this update about startup company Vessel, which is piloting a mug share program in Boulder, Colorado. ",
"Five coffee shops across the city have already signed up to participate. ",
"Participation is free for customers—they simply pick up their caffeine fix in a stainless steel, reusable mug at their participating café of choice and return it within five days to any participating shop when they are done. ",
"Vessel uses an app to track the mugs and ensure they make their way back to a pickup location. ",
"Coffee shops pay a small per cup fee for Vessel to retrieve and clean the cups, but that fee is less than the cost of a single disposable cup, making it a cost and trash saving endeavor for the coffee shops. ",
"Vessel plans to expand its program to other US cities, but for now we’ll watch and see how the program works.",
"\n\nWhat would you do to save a few pennies? ",
"Thirty to 45 percent of shoppers will remember their reusable grocery bags to save on a five-cent bag tax. ",
"Consumers will wash out and return 70 to 80 percent of recyclable bottles to cash in on bottle bill refunds. ",
"But fewer than two percent of coffee lovers will bring their own mugs to Starbucks to save a dime on their beverage. ",
"Why do people work hard to save on their bags and bottles but not on their cups of joe?",
"\n\nWhat reusables are up against\n\nMany coffee shops have tried to promote reusable mugs by offering a 10-cent discount to customers who bring their own cups to the café. ",
"Starbucks, Seattle’s Best, and Peet’s all offer the discount, as do many local coffee shops, like The Hof and Ugly Mug in Portland and Cloud City Coffee in Seattle. ",
"Chances are, if a place sells coffee, it will give you a discount for remembering your tumbler. ",
"But few caffeine addicts are taking advantage.",
"\n\nThe same few pennies charged as a fine turn out to be much more effective at curbing wasteful practices than when they come in the form of a small bonus or savings. ",
"Consumers hate being fined but rarely go out of their way to save a few cents (just think of all the times you’ve passed on coupons).",
"\n\nSeveral other obstacles stand in the way of a reusable-mug renaissance: carrying around a tumbler is inconvenient; unique travel-mug sizes can give baristas trouble; and, interestingly, the paper coffee cup has also become a status symbol, a signal of wealth and a busy schedule, and consumers are loathe to give that up.",
"\n\nSo what can we do to meet these challenges and make reusables the new norm in Cascadia?",
"\n\nWhat works: Two case studies\n\nLoss aversion: The case of the bag tax\n\nBag taxes, like those in Corvallis, Seattle, and Bellingham, charge consumers 5 to 10 cents for each disposable grocery bag they use per shopping trip. ",
"This charge has proven to be highly effective in prompting customers to bring their own bags to the store and avoid the fine. ",
"In Seattle, nearly 50 percent of stores reported a decrease in disposable bag use six months after the implementation of a 5-cent charge on paper bags. ",
"Ireland, which introduced a bag tax of about 19 cents in 2002, saw an even more dramatic decrease: consumers there used 94 percent fewer disposable bags in the first year of the program (!), ",
"and they continued to keep their consumption under 10 percent of former usage five years later.",
"\n\nIt’s the same five cents, but when it’s a tax and not a refund, it carries a lot more weight with consumers.",
"\n\nConsumers are much more motivated to avoid a fine than to take advantage of a reimbursement, according to numerous behavioral economics studies (like this one). ",
"The bag tax in Montgomery County, Maryland, provides a good illustration. ",
"Before the County implemented its five-cent charge on disposable grocery bags, many stores offered a five cent bonus to customers who brought their own shopping bags. ",
"These stores saw almost no increase in reusable bags: 82 percent of customers used disposable bags in bonus stores, compared to 84 percent in stores offering no bonus. ",
"Once the 5-cent tax on disposable bags kicked in, however, use of disposables plummeted, and only 39 percent of customers used the taxed bags. ",
"It’s the same five cents, but when it’s a tax and not a refund, it carries a lot more weight with consumers.",
"\n\nBut implementing a fee on disposable hot drink cups would also mean battling industry pushback. ",
"Though jurisdictions such as Kassel, Germany; Toronto, Canada; and the nation of South Korea have attempted to introduce such a fee, none has yet succeeded. ",
"For example, McDonald’s successfully challenged Kassel’s 30-cent charge on disposable cups in restaurants and cafés and eliminated the program from all cities in the country (see page 45).",
"\n\nThe impact of income: The case of bottle bills\n\nBottle bills also offer a small cash motivator to change consumption habits, and they yield even greater participation rates than bag taxes. ",
"Two Cascadian jurisdictions, British Columbia and Oregon, have bottle bills. ",
"In these places, customers pay a five- to ten-cent deposit on every beverage bottle they purchase and get the money back when they return the empty and clean bottles to the store or other collection facility. ",
"Bottle recovery rates in these two jurisdictions are an impressive 70 to 80 percent, well above the United States’ national bottle recovery rate, which remains persistently below 40 percent.",
"\n\nLow-income people disproportionately drive the success of these programs. ",
"In Santa Barbara, California, recyclers with incomes under $25,000 receive 58 percent of all bottle return refunds, representing returns of far more bottles than they personally consume (see page 15).",
"\n\nSince 2014, the Binners’ Project, a group in Vancouver, British Columbia, has been advocating for a bottle bill-like program for coffee cups. ",
"To prove there is high interest in the program, it hosts an annual one-day event called Coffee Cup Revolution and offers a nickel for every cup turned in that day. ",
"In the latest Coffee Cup Revolution, binners across Vancouver collected 31,000 coffee cups in just four hours.",
"\n\nDespite high participation, the Binners’ Project notes that there are numerous barriers to implementing a deposit program on hot drink cups in British Columbia, including program expense. ",
"Bottle bill programs remain viable because aluminum and plastic bottles can yield high-quality recycled products, which is not yet true of paper cups. ",
"Most hot drink cups have a polyethylene inner coating that allows them to hold liquid but also makes them expensive to recycle. ",
"In fact, only a handful of jurisdictions in Canada and the United States have recycling facilities that can process these cups, including Ontario and San Francisco. ",
"Even in these places, finding a market for the recycled product is difficult. ",
"Most often cups are shipped to Asia for processing into low-quality paper pulp. ",
"The Binners’ Project hopes that in the long-term a refund system could drive recycling technology innovation and change the game for disposable cups.",
"\n\nIs there a better price point?",
"\n\nIs ten cents just not worth the trouble of toting your own tumbler? ",
"The fact is, bringing your own mug to a café is inconvenient. ",
"Just to save one measly cup from the landfill, you have to remember your tumbler and lug it around all day.",
"\n\nCommuter cups can be troublesome for baristas, too. ",
"Container sizes often don’t correspond to menu sizes, which makes pricing ambiguous. ",
"Is this particular Seahawks cup a grande or a venti? ",
"Add to this confusion the barista headaches of dirty mugs and tumblers that don’t fit on the steamer, and you’ve got another serious obstacle to reuse.",
"\n\nAnd for coffee lovers, there’s the missed chance to show off your cosmopolitan lifestyle by slinging around a fresh paper cup. ",
"There’s just something about that crisp white cylinder that’s hard to let go of.",
"\n\nIf Cascadian cities taxed disposable coffee cups, they would likely curb consumption, because fees change behavior more than discounts.",
"\n\nCafés on the University of Washington’s campus offer a 25-cent discount to customers who bring their own mugs, and they report that about 12 percent of beverages bought on campus are filled in personal mugs. ",
"Similarly, Seattle University offers a 20-cent discount for customers toting their cups, and it sees 13 percent participation on campus. ",
"Though that’s a nice bump up from Starbucks’ 2 percent refillable rate, it still isn’t comparable to the success of bag taxes and bottle bills. ",
"It’s clear, then, that price isn’t the only factor stopping customers from lugging a mug.",
"\n\nIf Cascadian cities taxed disposable coffee cups, they would likely curb consumption, because fees change behavior more than discounts. ",
"So this proposal is worth considering, even though it carries a number of implementation obstacles. ",
"Passing a new fee on coffee cups is unlikely to be popular with customers or coffee shops, and it doesn’t address barista concerns of unique sizes and clean cups.",
"\n\nThat said, there may be a different option, one that might grow organically until it trims the pile of over 2.3 billion (yes, billion) disposable hot drink cups thrown away in Cascadia every year. (",
"That equals two-and-a-half cups thrown out by every Cascadian every week!) ",
"Read on…\n\nOr is price the wrong question altogether?",
"\n\nMaybe price, tax, and bonus are the wrong questions—or at least not the first questions we should be asking. ",
"Changing the culture of reusables could reveal an even more effective path forward, addressing some of reusables’ more cost-resistant barriers.",
"\n\nAs Cascadia has pioneered so many green cultural firsts, and indeed become known for its green soul, why not take on one more such opportunity—especially one tied to another of our cultural icons: coffee. ",
"In fact, we’ve already got some great example programs in our own backyard.",
"\n\nFind this article interesting? ",
"Please consider making a gift to support our work.",
"\n\nWestern Washington University (WWU) in Bellingham piloted a mug-share program in 2013 that aimed to do just that. ",
"The program targeted two major obstacles customers identified to bringing their own tumblers: 1) remembering the cups and 2) carrying them around all day. ",
"Participants in the mug share were able to take their beverages to go in reusable tumblers available in campus cafés. ",
"They could drop their dirty cups off later at any other participating café to be washed. ",
"Mug sharers had to return one tumbler before checking out another or pay a $15 replacement fee. ",
"This helped ensure mugs didn’t walk off too frequently or collect in dorm rooms.",
"\n\nWWU isn’t the first place to try a mug share. ",
"Many other universities have done so, including the University of Northern British Columbia and Whitman College. ",
"A small startup company called Good to Go even tried starting an exchange in New York City, in which customers would keep their own lids as a sign of membership in the exchange and just trade out tumblers at participating cafés.",
"\n\nA mug exchange could provide a number of benefits in addition to addressing customer convenience. ",
"Shared cups could correspond to standard drink sizes and fit espresso machines and frothers. ",
"Participating cafés could also cut down on water consumption. ",
"According to a Starbucks report from 2000, if just 10 customers per hour chose a reusable mug in each store, instead of a paper cup, Seattle’s Starbucks locations could save well over one million gallons of water annually, even after accounting for the extra dishwashing.",
"\n\nA caffeinated culture shift\n\nThe promise of a mug share program doesn’t stop with its fix for the annoyance of having to carry around your own cup—-it also builds a system that advertises reusable mugs as a social norm. ",
"The disposable coffee cup has become a sign of wealth for many: an indication of a busy schedule, an adult palette, and a great sense of style. ",
"And social norms are among the most powerful of influencers, even when we think they have no effect on us.",
"\n\nBut a well-established mug exchange program, with branded, eye-catching tumblers, perhaps designed by local artists, could invert that sense of status and make going reusable something to be proud of. ",
"Cascadian cities could start mug exchanges that span across our many trademark coffee shops. ",
"With a café on nearly every corner, imagine how easy it would be to drop off your used tumbler. ",
"Or neighborhoods, universities, office buildings, and company campuses could start their own exchanges. ",
"Or coffee chains themselves could launch them, aiming to get their own branded tumblers in wide circulation before their competitors do. ",
"Perhaps mug exchanges could transform reusables from something hard to remember to something hard to forget.",
"\n\nNotes: UW reports that 5,000 disposable coffee cups are thrown out on campus on a typical day. ",
"This number is approximately one-quarter on weekends and holidays and approximately one-half during the summer months. ",
"As a result, I estimated that slightly over one million coffee cups are thrown out on campus every year. ",
"Reusable mugs account for 141,000 on-campus beverage sales per year, equivalent to approximately 12 percent of all on-campus beverage sales.",
"\n\nThe number of disposable coffee cups used annually in Cascadia is difficult to verify. ",
"US EPA reports that 1.3 million tons of paper plate and cup waste is generated every year (Table 4). ",
"Assuming that about half of this is from cups and using an average paper cup weight of 11 grams, I calculate that approximately 54 billion cups are thrown out in the United States each year. ",
"This corroborates the most common estimate I found of 58 billion paper cups tossed in the United States each year (cited here, here, and here). ",
"Cascadian states of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington together account for about 4 percent of the total United States population, and assuming rate of coffee cup use is somewhat constant across the country, that means residents of these three states together chuck over 2 billion cups per year, or nearly 165 cups per person per year.",
"\n\nCanadian disposable cup consumption per person is a little lower than in the United States. ",
"Estimates suggest that 1.6 billion cups are thrown out in Canada per year, and with BC making up a little over 13 percent of the total Canadian population, this means BC residents throw out about 209 million cups per year, or 44 cups per person per year.",
"\n\nThe Report of the Starbucks Coffee Company/Alliance for Environmental Innovation Joint Task Force, published in 2000, found that if 10 customers per hour chose a ceramic mug over a paper cup an average coffee shop could save 8,155 gallons of water per year. ",
"Estimating there are approximately 150 Starbucks stores in Seattle, this would mean Starbucks’ Seattle locations collectively would conserve 1,223,683 gallons of water each year."
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[
"INTRODUCTION {#SEC1}\n============\n\nThe proper development of multicellular organisms depends on the distinct specification of different cell types. ",
"Despite having identical genomes, cells display distinct gene expression patterns and phenotypes, which can persist after numerous cell divisions ([@B1]). ",
"Cell identity is maintained, in part, through epigenetic mechanisms. ",
"However, the process by which epigenetic states of chromatin are propagated to daughter cells during mitotic cell division (also known as epigenetic inheritance) is one of the challenging questions in the field of epigenetics. ",
"One key process that contributes to epigenetic inheritance is the assembly of the nucleosome, the basic repeating unit of chromatin. ",
"The nucleosome consists of 145--147 base pairs of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer containing one histone (H3--H4)~2~ tetramer and two histone H2A--H2B dimmers ([@B2]). ",
"Nucleosomes act as a barrier to any DNA-related process (such as DNA replication, transcription and repair), therefore they need to be disassembled so that the machinery can have access to the DNA strands ([@B5]). ",
"Following DNA replication during S phase, nucleosomes are reassembled using both parental histones and newly synthesized histones in a process called replication-coupled nucleosome assembly ([@B6]). ",
"By virtue of their high basic charge, histones and DNA tend to form insoluble aggregates when directly mixed in physiological conditions. ",
"To prevent these deleterious effects, a network of histone chaperones are responsible for binding and delivering histones to DNA to form nucleosomes during DNA replication, repair as well as transcription ([@B7]).",
"\n\nIn general, histone chaperones can be classified as either H3--H4 or H2A--H2B chaperones based on their preferential binding to H3--H4 or H2A--H2B. Chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) is a H3--H4 chaperone, which was first discovered in human cells for its ability to assemble replicating DNA into nucleosomes using newly synthesized histone H3--H4 ([@B6],[@B10]). ",
"CAF-1 is a three-subunit complex conserved in eukaryotic organisms. ",
"In S. cerevisiae, CAF-1 consists of Cac1, Cac2 and Cac3. ",
"CAF-1 has evolutionarily conserved functions in DNA replication, repair and heterochromatin silencing ([@B11]). ",
"Recent studies have suggested that CAF-1 is also involved in developmental pathways, epigenetic memories and asymmetric cell division ([@B17]).",
"\n\nNewly synthesized H3--H4 complexes initially form hetero-complex with the histone chaperone anti-silencing factor 1 (Asf1) (Asf1-H3--H4), which will serve as the ideal substrate for the acetylation of H3K56 (H3K56ac) by the histone acetyltransferase Rtt109-Vps75 complex in S. cerevisiae ([@B21]). ",
"H3K56ac then promotes the ubiquitylation of H3K121, K122 and K125 by Rtt101-MMS1 ([@B22]). ",
"This ubiquitylation weakens the interaction between Asf1 and H3--H4, which will then facilitate the hand-off of H3--H4 to CAF-1 and another chaperone Rtt106. ",
"CAF-1 and Rtt106 then assemble H3--H4 tetramers for nucleosome formation ([@B23]).",
"\n\nStudies in yeast and human cells indicate that the ability of CAF-1 to preferentially assemble replicating DNA into nucleosomes depends, at least in part, on its ability to interact with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). ",
"PCNA is associated with replicated DNA molecules and attracts CAF-1 to the site of DNA replication ([@B26]). ",
"In S.cerevisiae, disruption of CAF-1-PCNA interaction impairs the role of CAF-1 in telomere silencing and silent mating-type locus, HMR, but interestingly, causes only partial loss of function compared with Cac1 deletion ([@B26],[@B29],[@B30]). ",
"Thus, there might be other factors existing to promote CAF-1\\'s ability to assemble replicating DNA into nucleosomes.",
"\n\nWe attempted to study the structure of yeast CAF-1. ",
"During this process, we identified an independent domain at the C terminal of Cac1 subunit (termed as Cac1C). ",
"The structure of this domain was then determined by crystallographic method. ",
"Unexpectedly, we found that Cac1C bears a winged helix domain (WHD) structure. ",
"Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) reveals that this domain binds to DNA without sequence specificity. ",
"Mutagenesis analysis shows that the DNA-binding ability of WHD motif in CAF-1, functioning with PCNA, helps to recruit and stabilize CAF-1 at the replication forks in yeast and mouse cells. ",
"Therefore, our studies reveal a conserved mechanism whereby CAF-1 functions in DNA replication-coupled nucleosome assembly.",
"\n\nMATERIALS AND METHODS {#SEC2}\n=====================\n\nProtein expression and purification {#SEC2-1}\n-----------------------------------\n\nCac1C was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion protein in *Escherichia coli*. ",
"The GST tag was removed by protease cleavage, and Cac1C was purified by successive chromatographic methods. ",
"The CAF-1 complex was expressed in baculovirus-infected sf9 insect cells. *",
"Cac1* (residues 91--606aa) and the full-length *Cac3* genes were fused with the *MBP* gene from the pMAL-C2P vector (Invitrogen) at the N-terminal and ligated by a PreScission Protease cleavage site. ",
"The fused genes were cloned into the pFastBac-1 vector (Invitrogen). ",
"The *Cac2* (residues 1--438) gene was cloned into the pFastBac-1 vector directly and expressed in sf9 insect cells. ",
"The MBP tag was removed by protease cleavage using PreScission Protease, and CAF-1 was purified by successive chromatographic methods. ",
"Details of the methods are described in Supplementary materials and methods.",
"\n\nYeast strains and plasmids {#SEC2-2}\n--------------------------\n\nAll yeast strains used in our experiments were derived from W303 (leu2--3, 112 ura3--1 his3--11, trp1--1, ade2--1, can1--100). ",
"Standard yeast media and manipulations were used. ",
"Cac1 expression plasmids were constructed using standard methods and the pRS313vector. ",
"Green Fluorescent Protein labeled p150 (GFP-p150) wild type (WT) and the mutants were expressed using a lentivirus-based vector. ",
"Oligos used to construct the Cac1 and p150 mutants are listed in Supplementary Table S1.",
"\n\nCrystallization and structure determination {#SEC2-3}\n-------------------------------------------\n\nCac1C crystals were obtained in a solution containing 0.1 M NaCl, 1.5 M (NH4)~2~SO~4~ and 0.1 M BIS-Tris (pH 6.5) and were flash-frozen in 20% glycerol as a cryoprotectant. ",
"Anomalous diffraction data at a resolution of 2.75 Å using selenomethionine (Se)-derivative crystals was collected at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility beamline BL17U (SSRF, China; λ = 0.979 Å). ",
"The data were processed using HKL2000 ([@B31]). ",
"Phasing was performed using the single-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD) method with the Se-derivative data by SHELX ([@B32]) and was improved by PHENIX AutoSol ([@B33]). ",
"Automatic protein model building was performed with PHENIX AutoBuild ([@B33]). ",
"The resulting protein models were completed manually using COOT ([@B34]). ",
"The final model was refined using REFMAC1 ([@B35]), and its stereochemical quality was checked using PROCHECK ([@B36]). ",
"In the Ramachandran plot, 93.5% of the amino acids in the final atomic model were in the most favorable region and 6.5% were in the additional allowed region. ",
"Structural figures were prepared using PyMOL ([www.pymol.org](http://www.pymol.org)).",
"\n\nEMSA {#SEC2-4}\n----\n\nAll the oligonucleotides used in this study were synthesized by Sangon (Shanghai, China). ",
"Two strands of complementary single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) were annealed to form dsDNA. ",
"5-Carboxyfluorescein (5-FAM) labeled DNA was mixed with the indicated quantity of protein in a buffer (20 mM Tris pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl and 1 mM DTT). ",
"The reaction mixture was incubated on ice for 1 h and analyzed by electrophoresis in native PAGE at 100 V using 0.5x TBE buffer on ice. ",
"The gels were scanned with Typhoon Troi + (GE Healthcare). ",
"To compare the binding affinities, the integrated density value of each band was quantified by ImageJ (1.46r). ",
"The data were analyzed by non-linear regression equation using the Graph Pad Prism software and fitted one site-specific binding model.",
"\n\nDNA binding assay {#SEC2-5}\n-----------------\n\nThe biotinylated 58 bp oligonucleotide was synthesized by Sangon (Shanghai, China). ",
"Two strands (one was biotinylated) of complementary ssDNA were annealed to form dsDNA. ",
"Streptavidin Sepharose beads (GE Healthcare) were incubated with 58 bp of biotinylated dsDNA in buffer (20 mM Tris pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 0.01% NP40, 10% glycerol and 1 mM DTT) at 4°C for 30 min. ",
"The beads were washed three times with the same buffer to remove the excess DNA. ",
"Equal beads labeled with DNA were further incubated with indicated amount of purified proteins at 4°C for an additional 30 min. ",
"The beads were washed three times, analyzed by SDS-PAGE and detected with Coomassie Blue staining or immunoblotting with a GST antibody (TIANGEN, 1:2000).",
"\n\nHistone binding assay {#SEC2-6}\n---------------------\n\nHistones H3 and H4 were prepared as described previously ([@B37]). ",
"Histones H3 and H4 from *Xenopus laevis* were overexpressed in *E. coli* strain BL21 (DE3) cells, purified separately under denaturing conditions and combined to reconstitute the (H3--H4)~2~ tetramer.",
"\n\nIn GST pull-down experiments, the purified GST-tagged Cac1C and CAF-1 (WT or mutants) were immobilized on 50 μl glutathione resin. ",
"The beads were incubated with excess histone H3--H4 in buffer (20 mM Tris pH 7.5, 300 (or 200) mM NaCl, 0.01% NP40, 10% glycerol and 1 mM DTT) at 4°C for 1 h. The beads were washed three times with the same buffer, analyzed by SDS-PAGE and detected with Coomassie Blue staining.",
"\n\nPCNA binding assay {#SEC2-7}\n------------------\n\nPurified PCNA with his tag at the C-terminal (PCNA-his) was mixed with GST-tagged protein in buffer (20 mM Tris pH 7.5, 100 mM NaCl and 0.01% NP40). ",
"The mixture was further incubated with 20 μl glutathione resin at 4°C for 1 h. The beads were washed three times with the same buffer and analyzed by SDS-PAGE. ",
"PCNA-his was detected by immunoblotting with his antibody (TIANGEN, 1:2000). ",
"The GST-tagged proteins were detected by Coomassie Blue staining or immunoblotting with GST antibody (TIANGEN, 1:2000).",
"\n\nSilencing assays {#SEC2-8}\n----------------\n\nAssays for silencing at the *HMR* locus were performed as described in cells containing a GFP reporter integrated at the silent *HMR* locus ([@B38]). ",
"Cells grown at 25°C to an optical density at 600 nm value of 0.6--0.8 were washed three times with synthetic complete-TRP media. ",
"The percentage of cells expressing GFP was determined using flow-assisted cell sorting (FACS) analysis.",
"\n\nChromatin binding assay {#SEC2-9}\n-----------------------\n\nYeast cells were grown in 5 ml of selective medium at 25°C overnight. ",
"Each strain was diluted to 15 ml to OD~600~ = 0.2 and grown until OD~600~ ∼0.8 at 25°C. ",
"A total of 0.5 ml of each culture was harvested for FACS analysis. ",
"The rest cells were collected and washed once with 1 ml of ice-cold 20% glycerol. ",
"The chromatin binding assay was performed as described ([@B39]). ",
"Proteins in chromatin and soluble fractions were analyzed by Western blot analysis using antibodies against Cac1 ([@B40]) (rabbit polyclonal, 1:2000), PCNA (871, 1:10000), Orc3 (SB3, 1:2000) and H3 (rabbit polyclonal, 1:1000).",
"\n\nCell culture and fluorescence microscopy {#SEC2-10}\n----------------------------------------\n\nMouse NIH3T3 cells were plated on poly-L-lysine-coated glass coverslips and grown in Dulbecco\\'s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). ",
"We carried out pre-extraction of cells prior to fixation for 5 min with 0.2% Triton in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer plus 1% goat serum on ice and fixed the cells in cold methanol for 20 min. ",
"The cells were permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 in PBS buffer for 5 min at room temperature and then blocked with 5% goat serum in PBS buffer for at least 1 h. Primary antibodies at appropriate dilutions (α-PCNA:PC10,1:100; α-GFP:Ab6556,1:1000) were added to the cells and incubated at room temperature for at least 2 h. The cells were washed with PBS buffer twice and probed with FITC/Rhodamine-conjugated secondary antibodies at room temperature for 1 h. DNA was stained with DAPI, and the samples were mounted with Gold antifade reagents (Invitrogen) and examined using a Zeiss Axioplan Fluorescence microscope (100x objective).",
"\n\nRESULTS {#SEC3}\n=======\n\nCrystal structure of Cac1C {#SEC3-1}\n--------------------------\n\nWe solved the structure of yeast Cac1C (residues 520--606 aa) at a resolution of 2.75 Å by the SAD method using a Se-derivative protein crystal (Supplementary Table S2). ",
"Cac1C consisted of four helices, two antiparallel strands and a long wing loop (w1), arranged in the order of α1-α2-α3-β1-w1-β2-α4 (Figure [1A](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"We determined through Dali search (<http://ekhidna.biocenter.helsinki.fi/dali_server>) that Cac1C shared highly structural similarities with some WHD-containing proteins, such as human ATP-dependent DNA helicase RECQ1 ([@B41]) (Figure [1B](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}), human transcriptional activator regulatory factor RFX1 ([@B42]) (Figure [1C](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}), E2F transcription factor 4 (E2F4) ([@B43]) (Supplementary Figure S1A) and human RecQ helicase WRN ([@B44]) (Supplementary Figure S1B). ",
"However, some structural differences were detected between Cac1C and typical WHDs. ",
"Cac1C lacked one β-strand and the w2 loop, while contained an additional α-helix at the C-terminal compared with canonical WHDs (Supplementary Figure S1C and D).",
"\n\n{#F1}\n\nWHD is a versatile and widespread structural element, usually involved in nucleic acid binding. ",
"Its diverse functions range from transcription factor sequence recognition to bulldozer-like strand-separating wedges in helicases to mediate protein--protein interactions ([@B45]). ",
"The electrostatic potential surface of Cac1C highlighted a positively charged cavity, suggesting that this domain may be also involved in nucleic acid binding (Figure [1D](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Eight positively charged residues (Lys553, Lys560, Lys564, Lys568, Arg573, Lys577, Arg582 and Lys583) from α2, α3 and w1 constituted the positively charged surface (Figure [1A](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [D](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}).",
"\n\nThe Cac1C positively charged surface is responsible for DNA binding {#SEC3-2}\n-------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nThe WHD structure and the positively charged cavity on the Cac1C surface suggest that Cac1C is involved in DNA binding. ",
"To test this idea, we performed EMSA assays and found that the recombinant Cac1C protein bound to dsDNA of different lengths (10--16 bp) and different sequences (AT-rich or GC-rich) as well as ssDNA *in vitro* (Supplementary Figure S2A and B). ",
"Cac1C DNA binding was further validated by a DNA-protein binding assay using streptavidin Sepharose beads coupled with 58 bp DNA (Supplementary Figure S3).",
"\n\nTo further determine the detailed mechanism of the interaction between Cac1C and dsDNA, we mutated eight basic residues (lysine or arginine) in the positively charged cavity to glutamic acid respectively, and examined their DNA-binding abilities. ",
"Mutations in five residues (K560E, K564E, K568E, R573E and R582E), located in α3 and w1, significantly reduced or impaired Cac1 DNA-binding ability compared with WT Cac1C (Figure [2A](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [B](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}), without apparent effects on the overall structure of Cac1C as examined by CD analysis (Supplementary Figure S4). ",
"Mutations in the other three residues (K553E, K577E and K583E) had no apparent effect on Cac1C DNA-binding ability (Figure [2A](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [B](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"We noticed that the side chains of these residues extended to the outside of the DNA-binding surface (Figure [1A](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"These results indicate that Cac1C interacts with DNA mainly through α3 and w1. ",
"Thus, Cac1C may bind DNA in similar way as WHD-containing proteins RFX1 (Figure [1D](#F1){ref-type=\"fig\"}) and E2F4 (Supplementary Figure S1A), in which both α3 and w1 interact with DNAs. ",
"In the WHD of transcription factors, α3 has been identified as the key helix that makes specific polar or hydrophobic contacts with dsDNA sequences through the side chains of special residues, including tyrosine, asparagine, arginine and histidine ([@B43],[@B46],[@B47]). ",
"However, we observed that Cac1C did not have selectivity for DNA sequence (Figure [2C](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"} and Supplementary Figure S5A). ",
"Consistent with these results, mutations at the asparagine and tyrosine residues on the α3 of Cac1C (N565A and Y570A) did not affect the Cac1C binding affinity to dsDNA (Figure [2D](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"} and Supplementary Figure S5B). ",
"Furthermore, the replacement of lysine with arginine (or arginine with lysine) at the eight positively charged residues also did not affect the Cac1C DNA binding ability (Supplementary Figure S6). ",
"Thus, we propose that Cac1C binds to various DNAs through electronic interactions between its positively charged residues and the DNA phosphate group.",
"\n\n{#F2}\n\nCac1C bound to dsDNA with a dissociation constant Kd of ∼2 μM based on EMSA assays (Supplementary Figure S5B). ",
"The Cac1C binding affinity to dsDNA was in a range similar to some WHD-containing proteins, such as Ash2L (Kd = 12 μM) ([@B48]), transcription factor FoxM1 (Kd = 7 μM) ([@B49]) and the histone chaperone Rtt106 (Kd \\> 20 μM) ([@B50]), suggesting that the DNA-binding ability is important for CAF-1\\'s function.",
"\n\nCac1C contributes to CAF-1-DNA interaction {#SEC3-3}\n------------------------------------------\n\nCac1 is a subunit of the CAF-1 complex consisting of Cac1, Cac2 and Cac3. ",
"To test whether Cac1C contributes to DNA binding of the CAF-1 complex, we used streptavidin Sepharose beads labeled with 58 bp DNA to pull-down the GST-tagged CAF-1 (Cac1, GST-Cac2 and Cac3) or the mutated complex (Supplementary Figure S7). ",
"GST-Cac2 in the CAF-1 complex was pulled down by DNA, whereas GST-Cac2 alone was not, suggesting that the CAF-1 complex binds to dsDNA *in vitro* (Figure [3A](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Furthermore, mutations in the basic residues, K564E/K568E and R582E/K583E resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of pulled down CAF-1 complex (Figure [3A](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"These mutations did not affect the formation of CAF-1 complex (Supplementary Figure S8). ",
"Because these two mutations almost abolished Cac1C-DNA interaction (Supplementary Figure S3), but not the CAF-1-DNA interaction (Figure [3A](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}), Cac1C may be one of the domains that contribute to the interaction between CAF-1 and DNA.",
"\n\n{#F3}\n\nCac1C mutations that disrupt DNA interaction have no apparent effect on the ability of CAF-1 to bind its partners {#SEC3-4}\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nCAF-1 is a histone H3--H4 chaperone that binds and deposits histone (H3--H4)~2~ tetramers onto replicating DNA ([@B6],[@B10]). ",
"In addition, CAF-1 is recruited to DNA replication forks, in part, through its interaction with PCNA ([@B26]). ",
"Therefore, we analyzed how K564E/K568E and R582E/K583E mutations affected the ability of CAF-1 to form complex and interact with H3--H4 and PCNA. ",
"To evaluate whether Cac1C participated in histone binding, we performed a histone-binding assay using GST-tagged proteins and recombinant histone H3--H4 at different salt concentrations. ",
"The results showed that Cac1C did not directly bind histone H3--H4 *in vitro* (Figure [3B](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"} and Supplementary Figure S9). ",
"However, the CAF-1 complex bound H3--H4 under the same conditions. ",
"Importantly, mutations K564E/K568E and R582E/K583E did not affect the formation of the CAF-1 complex (Supplementary Figure S8) as well as the ability of this complex to bind H3--H4 (Figure [3B](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Similarly, Cac1C did not bind PCNA (Figure [3C](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}), and these two mutations did not affect the ability of CAF-1 to bind PCNA *in vitro* (Figure [3D](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"These results suggest that the DNA-binding ability of CAF-1 through the Cac1C domain is independent of its ability to bind histone or PCNA *in vitro*.",
"\n\nDisruption of Cac1C DNA-binding ability partially affects CAF-1\\'s function in *HMR* silencing and response to DNA damaging agents {#SEC3-5}\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nIt is known that cells lacking CAF-1 exhibit defects in transcriptional silencing ([@B51],[@B52]). ",
"In budding yeast, three loci: telomeres, silent mating-type loci and rDNA repeats form silent chromatin. ",
"The silencing depends on structural proteins, such as the silent information regulatory proteins. ",
"It has been shown that *cac1Δ rtt106Δ* mutant cells exhibit silencing defects at telomeres and the *HMR* silent mating-type locus ([@B38]). ",
"To determine whether Cac1C DNA-binding ability was important for CAF-1\\'s function *in vivo*, we performed the GFP-based *HMR* silencing assay to evaluate the effect of Cac1C DNA-binding mutations on transcriptional silencing at the *HMR* locus. ",
"In this assay, the GFP transgene inserted at the *HMR* locus was silenced in WT cells. ",
"Consistent with previous results, ∼60% of *cac1Δ rtt106Δ* mutant cells expressed GFP, which could be rescued by expressing WT Cac1 ([@B38]) (Figure [4A](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"In contrast, Cac1 mutants defective in DNA binding, while expressed at a level similar or close to that of WT Cac1 (Supplementary Figures S10 and S11), only partially rescued the *HMR* silencing defects, with mutations at multiple charged residues exhibiting larger effects than single-site mutations (Figure [4A](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}), suggesting that Cac1C DNA-binding ability is important for the role of CAF-1 in transcriptional silencing.",
"\n\n{#F4}\n\n*Cac1Δ rtt106Δ* mutant cells are sensitive to DNA damaging agents, such as camptothecin (CPT)([@B40]). ",
"Therefore, we also tested how cells expressing Cac1 DNA-binding defective mutants affected the response to this DNA damaging agent. ",
"Similarly, cells expressing the Cac1 mutants defective in DNA binding grew slower in media containing CPT than those expressing WT Cac1 (Figure [4B](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"These results suggest that Cac1C DNA-binding activity is important for CAF-1\\'s function in response to DNA damaging agents.",
"\n\nCac1C DNA-binding ability is synergistic with Cac1-PCNA interaction {#SEC3-6}\n-------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nCompared with *cac1Δ rtt106Δ* mutant cells, we observed only partial defects in *HMR* silencing and response to DNA damaging agents in cells expressing a *cac1* mutant defective in DNA binding. ",
"Several studies have shown that the interaction between CAF-1 and PCNA is important for CAF-1\\'s role in nucleosome assembly ([@B26]). ",
"Therefore, we tested whether Cac1C DNA-binding activity was synergistic with Cac1-PCNA interaction. ",
"Cells expressing Cac1 mutant with mutations at the PCNA interaction peptides (PIP) motif also exhibited partial defects in *HMR* silencing and DNA damage sensitivity assays (Figure [4A](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [C](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Remarkably, when the PIP mutation was combined with each of the three *cac1* mutations defective in DNA binding, the combined mutants exhibited defects in silencing and DNA damage response similar to *cac1Δ* mutation (Figure [4A](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [C](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"These results suggest that Cac1C DNA-binding activity has a synergistic role with Cac1-PCNA interaction during transcriptional silencing and in response to DNA damaging agent.",
"\n\nCac1C is dispensable for PCNA binding and K564E/K568E and R582E/K583E mutations have no apparent effect on PCNA binding *in vitro* (Figure [3C](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"} and [D](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"To understand the synergistic effect between Cac1-PCNA and Cac1-DNA interactions, we determined how the K564E/K568E and R582E/K583E mutations affected complex formation and PCNA binding in the cells. ",
"In brief, Cac2-TAP was purified from yeast cells expressing WT Cac1 or Cac1 mutants (K564E/K568E and R582E/K583). ",
"As shown in Supplementary Figure S11, similar quantities of WT or mutated Cac1 were co-purified with Cac2, consistent with the *in vitro* results that these mutations do not affect Cac1--Cac2 interaction. ",
"Interestingly, the PCNA-Cac1 interaction decreased significantly in K564E/K568E and R582E/K583E mutant cells, suggesting that the ability of Cac1 to bind DNA is important for its interaction with PCNA at replication forks in cells (see Discussion). ",
"Furthermore, cells expressing Cac1 mutants (K564E/K568E and R582E/K583E) alone or in combination with the PIP mutation did not affect cell cycle progression (Supplementary Figure S12A). ",
"Finally, using a chromatin binding assay ([@B39]), we observed that the Cac1 PIP mutant bound to chromatin as efficiently as WT Cac1, whereas mutations K564E/K568E and R582E/K583E led to a marked reduction in the association of Cac1 with chromatin compared to WT Cac1 (Supplementary Figure S12B). ",
"Thus Cac1C DNA-binding activity is also important for chromatin binding by Cac1 in budding yeast cells.",
"\n\nThe p150 DNA-binding WHD is important for its localization at replication foci {#SEC3-7}\n------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nCAF-1 is conserved in all eukaryotic cells. ",
"A C-terminal region with sequence similarity to Cac1C could be detected in both human p150 (Hsp150C, residues 727--854 aa) and mouse p150 (Mmp150C, residues 706--827 aa) (Supplementary Figure S13). ",
"Using HHpred (<http://toolkit.tuebingen.mpg.de/hhpred>), we also found that both Hsp150C and Mmp150C showed sequences homology to the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of human general transcription factor IIF subunit 2 (GTF2F2) (Supplementary Figure S14A). ",
"GTF2F2 DBD folds into WHD motifs (Supplementary Figure S14B), suggesting that the C-terminal regions of human and mouse p150 form a WHD motif. ",
"A structural prediction (SWISS-MODEL, <http://swissmodel.expasy.org/>) showed that the Hsp150C structure was folded into a WHD motif (Supplementary Figure S14C). ",
"Therefore, we determined whether Hsp150C and Mmp150C bound DNA using EMSA. ",
"Both Hsp150C and Mmp150C bound to dsDNA *in vitro* (Supplementary Figure S15). ",
"Importantly, mutations in the four positively charged residues (4K) located at the predicted α3 helix of the WHD motif, which was involved in Cac1C DNA binding, abolished their abilities to bind DNA (Supplementary Figure S15). ",
"These results suggest that both human and mouse p150 contain a DNA binding WHD motif.",
"\n\nThereafter, we asked how mutations at the p150 DNA binding domain affect CAF-1 localization at replication foci. ",
"To do this, we expressed GFP-tagged WT or mutated mouse p150 in NIH3T3 cells and determined their localization by fluorescence microscopy. ",
"It is known that there are two PIP motifs responsible for PCNA interaction in p150, termed as PIP1 and PIP2 ([@B53]). ",
"In addition to PCNA, p150 also binds to heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins ([@B54])(Figure [5A](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Therefore, WT p150 co-localized with PCNA at replication foci, but not heterochromatin foci (DAPI), during early and mid S phase of the cell cycle. ",
"In non-S phase cells, GFP-p150 was localized with DAPI foci (Figure [5A](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"It has been reported that p150 PIP deletion mutants exhibit partial and full localization defects ([@B53]) (Figure [5B](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"A partial localization defect refers to the fact that GFP-p150 PIP mutants co-localize with both replication foci (PCNA) and heterochromatic foci during early and mid S phase in a fraction of cells. ",
"It is believed that GFP-p150 PIP mutants form dimmers with endogenous p150, which is responsible for the partial defect observed in PIP mutant cells ([@B53]). ",
"In contrast, the GFP-p150 mutant was mis-targeted to heterochromatin foci and did not co-localize with PCNA during early and mid S phase in cells with a full defect.",
"\n\n{#F5}\n\nWe observed that cells expressing the p150 DNA binding mutant (4KE) exhibited an increase in the percentage of cells with a partial defect compared with that of WT p150 (Figure [5C](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"In addition, when the DNA binding mutation (4KE) was combined with deletion of two PIP motifs (PIP1 + 2Δ), the percentage of cells with the full CAF-1 p150 localization defect increased significantly compared with the p150 mutant lacking both PIP1 and PIP2 (Figure [5C](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"All CAF-1 p150 mutants were expressed to a similar level to that of WT CAF-1 p150 (Supplementary Figure S16). ",
"These results indicate that the ability of mouse p150 to bind DNA, together with its ability to bind PCNA, is important for its localization at replication foci.",
"\n\nDISCUSSION {#SEC4}\n==========\n\nCAF-1 contains a DNA-binding WHD at its C terminus {#SEC4-1}\n--------------------------------------------------\n\nHistone chaperones are a group of proteins that deliver histones to DNA for nucleosome assembly and/or receive histones from disassembled nucleosomes. ",
"CAF-1 is a classic histone H3--H4 chaperone involved in DNA replication-coupled nucleosome assembly. ",
"Our results reveal that yeast CAF-1 also interacts with DNA directly *in vitro* and its ability to bind DNA is likely conserved in eukaryotic cells. ",
"In addition, we show that the DNA-binding domain, Cac1C, forms a WHD structure. ",
"WHD is a versatile nucleic-acid-binding structural element, and a large number of WHD-containing proteins with diverse biological functions have been characterized ([@B45]). ",
"For instance, many transcription factors use WHD domains for sequence-specific DNA recognition. ",
"In addition, some helicases involved in DNA recombination and repair utilize WHD domains as a strand-separating wedge. ",
"Finally, some WHDs mediate protein--protein interactions. ",
"Cac1C is the first WHD-containing protein discovered in histone chaperones. ",
"While our results suggest that Cac1C is similar, in many ways, to the WHDs found in transcription factors. ",
"However, the WHD domain in Cac1C does not have a DNA sequence preference and does not utilize specific residues found in transcription factors for sequencing recognition (Figure [2](#F2){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"We suggest that this property enables CAF-1 to bind to replicated or repaired DNA, rather than some specific DNA elements.",
"\n\nTwo histone chaperones, yeast Rtt106 ([@B50]) and human NAP-1 family member SET ([@B55]), have been reported previously to possess DNA-binding ability. ",
"Both SET and Rtt106 use overlapping surfaces to bind histones and DNA. ",
"In contrast, Cac1C appears to be involved specifically in DNA binding but not in protein--protein interactions, including CAF-1-histone and CAF-1-PCNA interactions. ",
"Therefore, it is possible that Cac1C-DNA interaction regulates CAF-1\\'s role in nucleosome assembly and other processes distinctly from the Rtt106 and SET DNA-binding regions.",
"\n\nThe DNA-binding WHD of CAF-1 stabilizes CAF-1 at replication forks {#SEC4-2}\n------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nWe provide the following lines of evidence supporting the idea that the ability of the CAF-1 WHD motif to bind DNA is involved in recruitment and/or stabilization of CAF-1 at replication forks. ",
"First, we show that in budding yeast, Cac1 mutants defective in DNA binding exhibit partial defects in silencing and in response to DNA damaging agents. ",
"Remarkably, mutations at both the PCNA and DNA binding sites of Cac1 result in complete loss of Cac1 function in gene silencing and maintenance of genome stability (Figure [4](#F4){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Remarkably, disrupting Cac1C DNA binding affects CAF-1-PCNA interactions *in vivo* (Supplementary Figure S11). ",
"However, Cac1C does not bind PCNA *in vitro*, and the same mutations in Cac1C do not affect CAF-1-PCNA interaction (Figure [3](#F3){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"At replication forks, PCNA forms a homotrimer and encircles replicating DNA. ",
"While it is possible that Cac1C DNA binding mutations may affect the interactions between Cac1 and other components of PCNA foci, we suggest that Cac1C binds to DNAs encircled by PCNA, which, in turn, stabilizes CAF-1-PCNA interaction at replication forks. ",
"This interpretation is supported by our studies in mammalian cells. ",
"We show that while mutations compromising mouse p150 to bind DNA result in partial defect in localization at replication foci, p150 mutants, harboring both mutations at PIPs and DNA-binding domain, mis-target to heterochromatin in early and mid S phase cells (Figure [5](#F5){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Therefore, both p150 DNA-binding activity and p150-PCNA interaction are important for the association of p150 with DNA replication foci. ",
"Based on our studies, we propose the following working model on how Cac1C contributes to the localization of CAF-1 at replication forks. ",
"First, CAF-1 is recruited to DNA replication forks through its interaction with PCNA (Figure [6A](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"Once recruited, the Cac1C-DNA interaction stabilizes CAF-1 at replication forks for nucleosome assembly (Figure [6B](#F6){ref-type=\"fig\"}). ",
"In addition to stabilizing CAF-1 at replication forks, it is possible that the Cac1C-DNA interaction may signal the CAF-1 complex to release H3--H4 from CAF-1 to replicating DNA. ",
"While the latter possibility is speculative in nature, it is largely unknown how CAF-1 is relieved from binding to H3--H4 for nucleosome assembly. ",
"CAF-1 is also known to interact with HP1 ([@B54]). ",
"Therefore, it is possible that CAF-1-DNA interaction may have other functions other than nucleosome assembly. ",
"Future studies are needed to test these models.",
"\n\n{#F6}\n\nIn summary, our studies support a working model whereby the C-terminal DNA-binding domain and the PIP domain of Cac1/p150 function together to recruit and stabilize CAF-1 at replication forks, most likely for nucleosome assembly. ",
"It is known that nucleosome assembly pathway can be regulated in different ways, including histone modification and CAF-1 dimerization. ",
"Our structural, biochemical and functional studies of the Cac1C DNA-binding domain yield additional layers of regulation of CAF-1 in nucleosome assembly.",
"\n\nACCESSION NUMBER {#SEC5}\n================\n\nCoordinates have been deposited in the RCSB Protein Data Bank PDB: 5EJO.",
"\n\nSupplementary Material\n======================\n\n###### \n\nClick here for additional data file.",
"\n\n###### SUPPLEMENTARY DATA\n\nThe authors thank Dr. Bhargavi Boruah for intensively reading and helping revise the manuscript. ",
"The authors thank Dr. Alain Verreault for plasmids and suggestions for GFP-p150 immunofluorescence assays. ",
"The authors thank colleagues in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, China for assistance in the use of the synchrotron resource.",
"\n\nFUNDING {#SEC7}\n=======\n\nFunding for open access charge: NIH \\[GM81838 and GM72719 to Z.Z.\\]; National Science Foundation of China \\[31470744, 31530015, 30925011, 31030024 and 31021062 to Y.L.\\]; Chinese Academy of Sciences the Strategic Priority Research Program \\[XDB08000000\\]; Ministry of Science and Technology Projects \\[2011CB910304, 2012CB910204, 2010CB912401\\].",
"\n\n*Conflict of interest statement*. ",
"None declared.",
"\n"
] | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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"Looks like this isn't matching the password we have for you - give it another try\n\nRemember me for 90 days\n\nWhy would this be useful? ",
"If you wanted to come back and look up your quotes, or buy anything else from us, you'd find all your details still here, so you wouldn't have to answer all the questions again - a bit of a result\n\nAlmost one in three Britons are worried about being made redundant in the next 12 months, but if you think your job is under threat, there are ways to prepare for the worst.",
"\n\nAccording to research by HSBC, 29% of workers feel their jobs are not secure, rising to 37% of public sector workers over the age of 55.",
"\n\nLooking further ahead, unemployment fears worsen, with 37% of people concerned about their job security over the next three years.",
"\n\nOlder workers are once more carrying the biggest worry burden, with almost half of public sector workers over the age of 55, and more than a third of their private sector peers, feeling their jobs are insecure over that timeframe.",
"\n\nRichard Brown at HSBC said: \"Many people are feeling insecure about their job prospects. ",
"While this feeling of a lack of job security is particularly acute among older people in the public sector, everyone seems to be feeling the squeeze.”",
"\n\nWhat can I do to protect myself and my family?",
"\n\nIf you are counting on a redundancy payout to keep you going until your next job, then remember that you need to have completed at least two years' service to qualify for a statutory payment.",
"\n\nWhat’s more, your employer has no obligation to make a higher payment no matter how long you have worked for a company – unless it is in your employment contract.",
"\n\nThe best way to avoid falling into debt when you lose your job is therefore to have savings to hand – especially as it can take some time for benefit claims to be processed.",
"\n\nBased on the median weekly gross salary of £499, the average person would need £1,667.25 in savings for every month spent in unemployment to maintain their standard of living.",
"\n\nBrown said: \"In times of uncertainty, it is all the more important that people have contingency plans to deal with any unexpected future occurrences.\"",
"\n\nBest ways to build savings\n\nIf you are keen to build up a savings cushion to protect you and your family from the financial hardship that can come hand in hand with redundancy, your first port of call should be a tax-free cash ISA.",
"\n\nYou can invest up to £5,340 in a cash ISA this tax year and the best easy-access version on the market at the moment is Nationwide Building Society’s e-ISA at 3.10% (including a 1.35% bonus fixed until the end of August 2012).",
"\n\nYou will need a Nationwide card account to qualify, but you can open the account with as little as £1, making it a good choice for anyone looking to build up a nest egg.",
"\n\nIf, however, you have already used your ISA allowance, you will need to choose a standard savings account instead. ",
"Many of the highest interest rates are available on fixed rate accounts, but accounts of this kind are not suitable for rainy day saving as you cannot normally access your money during the fixed term.",
"\n\nYou must pay in at least £1,000 to qualify, but this account is suitable for steady saving as it allows unlimited deposits up to a maximum balance of £3,000,000.",
"\n\nThe fact that you can only make one penalty-free withdrawal each year should also help less disciplined savers to avoid dipping into the account, while offering immediate access when you need it.",
"\n\nThe headline rate does include a 12-month, 1.51% bonus, however, meaning that you will probably need to switch accounts after one year.",
"\n\nIf that sounds too much hassle, you want more flexibility or you simply don’t have £1,000, you could opt for the ING Direct Savings Account instead. ",
"It pays 3.00%, offers unlimited withdrawals and can be opened with just £1.",
"\n\nThe rate is also bonus-free, although it is only guaranteed to remain at that level for the first 12 months you hold the account – so you will still need to keep an eye on it after that point.",
"\n\nIs there anything else I can do?",
"\n\nIf you are very concerned about being made redundant, but crucially have not yet been informed of job cuts by your employer, it could be worth taking out unemployment insurance designed to cover your mortgage/rent and other financial commitments in these circumstances.",
"\n\nBut policies of this kind could prevent losing your job spiralling into the nightmare of losing your home too.",
"\n\nAs many policies require you to be out of work for a certain period before you can make a claim, you should not treat cover of this kind as an excuse not to save, though.",
"\n\nIt is also vital to check the terms and conditions carefully before you buy to ensure that any claim you make would not be rejected due to exclusions detailed in the small print.",
"\n\nFinally, consider what protection you already have in place. ",
"If you already have mortgage, loan or credit card payment protection insurance, for example, you may have all the cover you need.",
"\n\nPlease note: Any rates or deals mentioned in this article were available at the time of writing. ",
"Click on a highlighted product and apply direct."
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"Q:\n\nHow to install last version of Opera without losing opera-unite?",
"\n\nOpera unite is a feature in the Opera browser that was abandoned in Opera 12. ",
"\nIn Windows, keeping Opera 11 and installing v12 on top of it, or upgrading, opera-unite stays into the browser.",
"\nIn Ubuntu, by installing the v12 deb or by upgrading to v12 after adding it to software sources (like this), opera-unite is lost.",
"\nIs there a way of upgrading to v12 without losing opera unite, like I was able to do in Windows? ",
"\n\nA:\n\nIt seems that the simple way is just to use the last version of Opera (that does not have opera unite) and in parallel to use a \"portable\" Opera 11. ",
"That is, download the tar.gz file of Opera 11 (here), extract into any directory, and execute opera.shell file. ",
"Of course, a shortcut (launcher,etc) could be added on the desktop or to menus. ",
"In Lubuntu, editing the opera.desktop.file, the menu would look like this:\n\nOf course, the solution (like the question) is limited to the period in which the server for opera-unite will still work. ",
"Hopefully, an extension would take the same functions into the future.",
"\n\n"
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"Computer Schools Offering General Computer Science in Kentucky\n\nSchools Kentucky is a wonderful state to obtain your diploma in computer science. ",
"There are 37 schools offering such programs in Kentucky, and the best one is offered by University of Kentucky. ",
"That school offers an excellent computer science program: five-star rating for curriculum and four stars for teaching.",
"\n\nCheck all the computer science schools and colleges in Kentucky below or narrow your search by desired diploma or city in Kentucky."
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"Media Censorship of Pro-life Rallies Backfiring\n\nHundreds of thousands of pro-life demonstrators gathered in Washington, D.C. on Friday, January 22 for the annual March for Life, in protest against the 37th anniversary of legalized abortion. ",
"The following day on our nation's opposite coast, tens of thousands of pro-lifers converged on San Francisco for the 6th Annual Walk for Life West Coast.",
"\n\nHowever, judging from the \"news\" coverage of the major television networks and daily papers, these events never occurred. ",
"For veteran pro-lifers that is hardly a new phenomena. ",
"The blatant liberal-left bias of the MSM (mainstream media —or mudstream media, as many prefer to call it) is rarely so evident as on the anniversary of Roe v. Wade, the 1973 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down virtually all restrictions on abortion. ",
"The same television news anchors and newspaper editorialists who lavish coverage on every press conference and protest by pro-abortion forces, no matter how small, steadfastly refuse to grant any measure of fair or balanced coverage to the millions of Americans who believe the unborn child is a living human being with rights that must be protected.",
"\n\nAs we noted last year, [\"Media Censors Huge Pro-Life Event (No Surprise Here!)\"], ",
"it only takes a handful of leftwing loonies (often only one or two!) — ",
"militant homosexual, lesbian, environmentalist, \"anti-war\", feminist, pro-abortion, pro-illegal alien amnesty, you name it — for the mainstream media to find a supposedly compelling reason to catapult the repetitious non-story into the headlines of the front page or the top of the newscast. ",
"The leftwing activists don't even have to make an effort to be novel or creative, just show up and the sympathetic \"mainstream\" journos will dutifully find a news \"hook\" to justify ample, flattering coverage.",
"\n\nAs usual, ABC, CBS, and NBC ignored Friday's March for Life protest. (",
"Even the Associated Press skipped over the tens of thousands marching.)...",
"\n\nOn the [NPR] afternoon talk show Tell Me More, host Michel Martin interviewed Serrin Foster of Feminists for Life. ",
"But the pro-life movement was harshly smeared by late-term abortionist Leroy Carhart in an interview that led off that same show.",
"\n\nLikewise, over at CNN, viewers had no way of knowing that the March for Life or Walk for Life events were anywhere near the massive-size demonstrations they actually were. ",
"Checking CNN's \"Political Ticker\" web page for news for January 22, one can find dozens of stories on all manner of topics, but none that mention the March for Life. ",
"However, a thorough dig turns up this brief CNN online story, \"Roe v. Wade anniversary marked by vigils, demonstrations,\" which, incredibly, gives top billing to a photo of five pro-abortion counter-demonstrators at the Supreme Court, rather than the 200,000-300,000 pro-life demonstrators. ",
"To add to the absurdity, CNN's ever clueless and vacuous announcer Rick Sanchez asked on air, \"Which side is represented the most, do we know?\" — ",
"as though the disparity between 5 and 300,000 does not yield an obvious answer!",
"\n\nEven the Fox cable news, the supposedly conservative and nominally pro-life channel, gave short shrift to the pro-life events, giving only a couple minutes of coverage during its news segments and not providing any camera shots that showed the enormous throng of marchers filling the Capitol Mall. ",
"Fox did, however, find time to cover many other stories that same day, including extensive and repeated reporting on the rescue of a dog in southern California from the rain-swollen Los Angeles River.",
"\n\nThe Times are A'changing ... but Not the Times\n\nThe New York Times did not totally deep-six the March for Life down the memory hole. ",
"After all, as the Media Research Center noted, the Times did mention it — in a portion of a sentence, reporting on January 22 \"that abortion rights groups celebrated, and abortion opponents protested, the anniversary of Roe v. Wade, the 1973 Supreme Court decision that made abortion legal.\"",
"\n\nThat's it. ",
"That's all the Times — which still claims to publish \"All the news that's fit to print\" — saw fit to print about a major march in which hundreds of thousands of American citizens participated. ",
"But, obviously, the March for Life was not as newsworthy as, say, the march of four illegal aliens campaigning for amnesty, which received generous Times coverage a couple weeks earlier.",
"\n\nOnly a few years ago the MSM could get away with such egregious misrepresentations virtually unchallenged. ",
"But no more. ",
"Thanks to the proliferation of camcorders and independent Web-TV sites, the media fraud is being exposed so regularly and effectively that the MSM not only no longer holds the sway it once did, it is becoming increasingly distrusted, discredited, and irrelevant. ",
"Regardless of where one stands in the abortion debate, facts are facts, and the transparent and deliberate disregard for the facts by the mainstream media in this arena is coming back to haunt it.",
"\n\nOne of the lamest media commentaries spotlighted in the documentary is a January 22 article entitled, \"Who's Missing at the 'Roe v. Wade' Anniversary Demonstrations? ",
"Young Women,\" by Newsweek's Krista Gesaman, who asked: \"Where are the young, vibrant women supporting their pro-life or pro-choice positions?\" ",
"She answered her own question: \"Likely, they're at home.\" ",
"Really? ",
"If Gesaman had bothered to exercise a modicum of journalistic due diligence, either by going out on the streets of D.C in person, or by merely monitoring the extensive front-to-back live cable television coverage provided by EWTN, she would have found that young women made up a very large portion of huge crowds that formed the March for Life. ",
"Young women of high school, college, and post-college age cohorts were swarming all over the nation's capital, bedecked in pro-life hats and sweaters and carrying pro-life placards and banners. (",
"See photo, above left.) ",
"While the pro-abortion militants of the Betty Friedan/Bella Abzug generation are indeed \"over the hill,\" it's very clear — from the March for Life and similar demonstrations throughout the nation — youth is on the pro-life side.",
"\n\nThose who wish to judge for themselves will have a second opportunity to see the Washington, D.C. March for Life when EWTN (Eternal Word Television Network, available on more than 5,000 cable and satellite networks worldwide) rebroadcasts an encore four-hour program of coverage on Saturday, January 30 (2:00 PM Eastern Time, 11:00 a.m. Pacific Time). ",
"In addition, there are many other independent videos available online (see, for example, here, here, and here) that show the massive pro-life gathering and powerfully expose the flagrant censorship and pro-abortion bias of the establishment media.",
"\n\nThank you for joining the discussion at The New American. ",
"We value our readers and encourage their participation, but in order to ensure a positive experience for our readership, we have a few guidelines for commenting on articles. ",
"If your post does not follow our policy, it will be deleted.",
"\n\nNo profanity, racial slurs, direct threats, or threatening language.",
"\n\nNo product advertisements.",
"\n\nPlease post comments in English.",
"\n\nPlease keep your comments on topic with the article. ",
"If you wish to comment on another subject, you may search for a relevant article and join or start a discussion there.",
"\n\nComments that we consider abusive, spammy, off-topic, or harassing will be removed.",
"\n\nIf our filtering system detects that you may have violated our policy, your comment will be placed in a queue for moderation. ",
"It will then be either approved or deleted. ",
"Once your comment is approved, it will then be viewable on the discussion thread.",
"\n\nIf you need to report a comment, please flag it and it will be reviewed. ",
"Thank you again for being a valued reader of The New American."
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"Maharashtra's politicians no better than UP's Assembly thugs\n\nIt is 2 in the morning, and as I fuss over adding some bells and whistles to this piece, Janis Joplin is trying to seduce me with her guttural and throaty “Need somebody to love”.",
"\n\nBut my mind is elsewhere, and I am not particularly seductible tonight – neither would you be, if you were poring through 156 pages of a National Election Watch ADR report on the 2009 Maharashtra assembly elections.",
"\n\nAnd I don’t get it. ",
"I just don’t get it at all.",
"\n\nIs Prithviraj Chavan heading a government full of criminals? ",
"PTI\n\nU.P & Maharashtra are arguably two of the most important states in India – the former on account of the electoral clout, the latter due to the sheer commercial punch it pulls. ",
"And one would expect that those in the political establishment would put their best foot forward in these two states when it came to political handling. ",
"National parties like Congress & BJP need these two states if they have any ambitions of ruling the roost - however ineptly - at the Centre.",
"\n\nFor starters, even after factoring in the no-brainer that they appear to be blissfully uncontaminated by inconveniencing stuff like scruples and good judgment, one would still expect them to select the candidates in UP & Maharashtra scrupulously and diligently, thereby ensuring that the people of these two states are not treated with disdain, such disdain being quite evident all over the blessed nation.",
"\n\nBut alas, I am naïve.",
"\n\nAfter having looked at the construct of the U.P assembly in the first part, which dwelt upon the extent of the rot that an obscurantist establishment and a mainstream media have failed to talk about at any meaningfully impactful length, let me now turn my gaze to Maharashtra. ",
"A state that contributes to nearly 20% of India’s GDP – yet, it is a shining example of the inverted reality whereby the best is enslaved by the worst. ",
"If you think U.P’s political history is one of enormous monstrosities, take a look at how things panned out in the 2004 & 2009 assembly elections in Maharashtra.",
"\n\nSo, here goes…..\n\n(Are we to believe that all these parties could not find 3000 un-tainted candidates to contest the elections? ",
"A quick check on the 2004 data, points towards no improvement on this count in 2009. ",
"Maharashtra population – 11 crores. ",
"And they can’t find 3,000 good men and women!?)",
"\n\n(As the number of tainted candidates in a constituency goes up, is it a surprise that the probability of one of them finally breasting the electoral tape increases to gut-wrenching levels?)",
"\n\n(Considering the pristine waters being poured into the funnel, as seen in the first table, is it any wonder then that what we get at the other end of the election process is any less pristine than what is reflected above?)",
"\n\nAnd what kind of serious criminal charges are we talking about here?Well, the story is pretty much the same, as was told in the last article on UP assembly. ",
"The same old usual suspects – murder, dacoity, rape, extortion, kidnapping, theft, election malpractices, culpable homicide, voluntarily causing grievous hurt using deadly weapons yada yada. ",
"I will spare you the tables and charts – just refer to the ones put up in the last piece if you are a sucker for the lofty and the gory!",
"\n\n(Nice profession this! ",
"Screw the economy, screw the populace – let us just grow our assets at rates which make Warren Buffet, George Soros & Jim Rogers look like bumbling fools. ",
"And yes, Independents really juice it out to the max, don’t they!)",
"\n\nIt is time to move on, perhaps, from generalizations and the yeah-the-rot-is-everywhere-fatalism, into the domain dominated by near perfect exactitude, for there is no other way of making the political establishment listen to our faint cries of protest. ",
"The malaise appears to be dreadfully incurable as things stand, leading to arrested development of the nation as a whole, methinks. ",
"But then, information is power, and if power has to shift back into the hands of the citizens, obscurantism needs to be pummeled on the nose with free-spirited abandon, till misinformation and misrepresentation of facts lie bloodied on the road to 2014.",
"\n\nNext week, I will shift my gaze to assemblies from South & East India respectively. ",
"I understand that there may be a certain amount of reader fatigue setting in now (this is the 6th article I have written on this subject in the last 5 weeks), so I may just combine the two regions in one final article."
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"LINKIN Park vocalists Mike Shinoda and Chester Bennington drove the audience over the edge. ",
"INQSnap this page to view more photos! ",
"Magic Liwanag/Contributor\n\nLinkin Park touched down in Manila from Hong Kong last Tuesday at around 7:55 p.m., giving the American rock-metal band just about an hour to get ready before taking the stage at the SM Mall of Asia Arena, where hordes of fans, young and old, had gathered.",
"\n\nLocal band Urbandub, the front act, did a great job psyching up the crowd with a feverish set, which the group punctuated with “First of Summer.”",
"\n\nIt would take Linkin Park’s team some 30 minutes to set up. ",
"To kill time, many in the audience busied themselves, tinkering with gadgets and snapping photos with friends. ",
"A few others shrieked at the smallest things happening onstage, as when the humongous LED screen backdrop came to life for a split second.",
"\n\nForeboding\n\nFinally, the white stadium lights went off and then were replaced by slow, flashing blue lights that flanked the stage. ",
"Onscreen appeared hazy, 3D ultrasound-like images of turntablist Joe Hahn, and drummer Rob Bourdon pounding the skins in a steady, measured cadence, while a foreboding, swirling drone blared from the speakers.",
"\n\nAfter Bourdon gave the drums a final whack in that sweet little intro, vocalists Chester Bennington and Mike Shinoda emerged from either side of the stage and promptly launched into the rip-roaring “A Place for My Head”—a track from their debut studio album “Hybrid Theory” (2000).",
"\n\nShinoda, in a printed white shirt, hopped onto a box in front and continued unleashing the song’s first salvo of rap verses. ",
"All the while, Bennington darted back and forth across the stage, growling and screaming his head off. ",
"If there were any doubts about their energy level, having just disembarked from a private jet, Linkin Park—Bennington, Shinoda, Bourdon, Hahn, Brad Delson (guitar) and Dave Farrell (bass)—wiped them out within those first few minutes.",
"\n\nOver the edge\n\nBefore the stoked fans could gather themselves together, Shinoda doused those nearest the stage with water before soldiering to “Papercut,” one of the band’s hits that helped cement its place on the mainstream map back in 2001— when poppogi boy bands started losing steam before at last fading into obscurity.",
"\n\nEven the muffled and muddy-sounding microphones early on didn’t stop Linkin Park from sending everyone over the edge. “",
"It’s great to be back here!” ",
"screamed Bennington, who first visited Manila in 2004 for the band’s “Meteora” world tour.",
"\n\nA lot of the 24 songs on the set list were culled from the band’s first two albums, “Hybrid Theory” and “Meteora” (2003). ",
"Performing hits like “With You,” “Points of Authority,” “Somewhere I Belong,” “Numb” “Lying From You” and “Faint,” Linkin Park made many fans a tad nostalgic, especially those who spent their angst-ridden teenaged years in the early 2000s.",
"\n\nThere was no breathing room between numbers. ",
"With Bennington wailing like a man possessed every so often, and the multi-tasking Shinoda rapping and bouncing from one instrument to another, one couldn’t help wondering where these two get the endurance to sustain the intensity for more than two hours. ",
"Before the crowd could stop applauding and cheering after a song, the band would be starting its next. ",
"Thus, “Given Up,” “New Divide,” “Lies, Greed, Misery,” “What I’ve Done” sounded like they were cleverly strung together.",
"\n\nThe concert (mounted by Scala Events) was a sonic grind fest through and through, save for the hauntingly affecting medley of “Leave Out All the Rest,” “Shadow of the Day” and “Iridescent,” which bared Bennington’s earnest, softer side, as well as the band’s knack for creating surprisingly gorgeous melodies.",
"\n\nHead rush\n\nMeanwhile, the electronic-laden and pulsating synth-pop beats of such songs as “Lost in Echo” and the almost danceable “Burn It Down”—both from the band’s latest album “Living Things” (2012)—highlighted the extent to which Linkin Park’s sound had evolved since its “Hybrid Theory” and “Meteora” days.",
"\n\nMore than an aural assault, the show was a visual treat as well. ",
"All the random, trippy imagery on the LED screen and the manic flashing of stage lights heightened the experience, and spurred a head rush unlike any other. ",
"But just when the fans thought the show couldn’t get any better, Shinoda jumped off the stage, rushed to the crowd and high-fived everyone within his reach amid the deafening sing-along that “In The End” elicited.",
"\n\nBennington did the same in their final song “One Step Closer,” prompting fans to rush toward the singer to get a better view. ",
"Standing on the barricade, Bennington leaned close to the fans and let out a scream that threatened to shatter the eardrums of those around him. ",
"Even so, that’s what made us pretty sure that, for the fans who paid P10,000 each to ensure such electric proximity, it was well worth it.",
"\n\nComplete stories on our Digital Edition newsstand for tablets, netbooks and mobile phones; 14-issue free trial. ",
"About to step out? ",
"Get breaking alerts on your mobile.phone. ",
"Text ON INQ BREAKING to 4467, for Globe, Smart and Sun subscribers in the Philippines.",
"\n\nDisclaimer: The comments uploaded on this site do not necessarily represent or reflect the views of management and owner of INQUIRER.net. ",
"We reserve the right to exclude comments that we deem to be inconsistent with our editorial standards."
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"Transpedicular Approach to Thoracic Disc Herniaton Guided by 3D Navigation System.",
"\nThe choice of surgical approach for thoracic disc herniation should consider the location on the axial plane and the consistency of the herniated disc. ",
"Calcified midline disc herniations are difficult to remove with a transpedicular approach because of limitations due to blind spots; so they are usually treated via a transthoracic approach, although this entails a high risk of thoracopulmonary injuries. ",
"In this work we present two cases of calcified midline thoracic disc herniations treated with a transpedicular approach, improved by using a three-dimensional (3D) neuronavigation system to verify the extent of removal on the blind side. ",
"Postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans demonstrated that this original technical innovation, in the two present cases, allowed us to reach the side opposite the disc herniation and to assess the extent of resection at the end of the procedure. ",
"The employment of a neuronavigation system in the transpedicular approach allowed safe and effective removal of calcified midline thoracic disc herniations. ",
"We did not observe any postoperative neurological worsening, onset of spinal instability, or other adverse events."
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"This analysis included 36 individuals with ASPD and 88 individuals without ASPD. ",
"Participants with ASPD assigned to ACT showed a significantly greater reduction in alcohol use and were less likely to go to jail than those in standard clinical case management, whereas participants without ASPD did not differ between the 2 case management approaches. ",
"There were no significant differences for other substance use or criminal justice outcomes. ",
"This study provides preliminary evidence that persons with co-occurring serious mental illness, substance use disorders, and ASPD may benefit from delivery of IDDT through ACT teams."
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"Q:\n\ndrop down menu updates inner HTML when changed, javascript\n\nI have drop down menus, the last 2 are price and tickets which then makes a calculation and shows the total amount on screen when selected. ",
" It works fine although if i change the selection to a different price the total does not update. ",
" Also the same idea applies to the part where the user selects 4 or more tickets and an message appears on screen. ",
" Im sure its something simple but i cant seem to figure it out.",
"\nI have attached a Jsfiddle.",
"\nhttp://jsfiddle.net/Dwdqg/\nfunction totalPrice(ticketCount,priceAmount)\n{ \n if (tickets.selectedIndex !",
"= 0 && price.selectedIndex !",
"= 0) // if the price and tickets is not 0 or not selected\n { \n tickets.onchange = ticketCount; //when tickets is changed assign the index to var ticketCount\n\n price.onchange = priceAmount;\n\n var ticketCount = tickets.value; //get the value of ticketCount index\n\n var priceAmount = price.value;\n\n var totalPrice = (ticketCount * priceAmount); \n\n document.getElementById(\"totalPrice\").innerHTML = (\"Total Price £\" + totalPrice); \n\n }\n\n if (ticketCount >= 4) // if ticketCount is 4 or more\n {\n totalPrice = totalPrice + 10; // add on 10 to the price\n\n document.getElementById(\"totalPrice\").innerHTML = (\"Total Price £\" + totalPrice);\n\n document.getElementById(\"moreTickets\").innerHTML = (\"Buying four or more tickets will add an additional £10 fee.\")",
"\n\n } \n\n}\n\nA:\n\nYou're not calling totalPrice in your change handlers. ",
"\nFor example: \nprice.onchange = function()\n // totalPrice needs to be called\n} \n\nYou've attached it here\n<select name=\"tickets\" id=\"tickets\" onChange=\"totalPrice(tickets)\" style=\"width:120px\">\n\nHowever, that only responds to changes to number of tickets. ",
"You haven't attached it to the other elements. ",
"\nAlso - your onchange only fires once because you're replacing the option fields using fillList after the change event fires. ",
"You can either reattach the handler or have it respond to a click event.",
"\nWith that said - I don't recommend attaching handlers as HTML attributes and I suggest cleaning up your code to be more readable.",
"\n\n"
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[
"from typing import Any, Dict, List\n\nfrom core import utils\nfrom core.config import Configuration\nfrom core.configservice.base import ConfigService, ConfigServiceMode\n\nGROUP: str = \"ProtoSvc\"\n\n\nclass MgenSinkService(ConfigService):\n name: str = \"MGEN_Sink\"\n group: str = GROUP\n directories: List[str] = []\n files: List[str] = [\"mgensink.sh\", \"sink.mgen\"]\n executables: List[str] = [\"mgen\"]\n dependencies: List[str] = []\n startup: List[str] = [\"bash mgensink.sh\"]\n validate: List[str] = [\"pidof mgen\"]\n shutdown: List[str] = [\"killall mgen\"]\n validation_mode: ConfigServiceMode = ConfigServiceMode.",
"BLOCKING\n default_configs: List[Configuration] = []\n modes: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]] = {}\n\n def data(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:\n ifnames = []\n for iface in self.node.get_ifaces():\n name = utils.sysctl_devname(iface.name)\n ifnames.append(name)\n return dict(ifnames=ifnames)\n\n\nclass NrlNhdp(ConfigService):\n name: str = \"NHDP\"\n group: str = GROUP\n directories: List[str] = []\n files: List[str] = [\"nrlnhdp.sh\"]\n executables: List[str] = [\"nrlnhdp\"]\n dependencies: List[str] = []\n startup: List[str] = [\"bash nrlnhdp.sh\"]\n validate: List[str] = [\"pidof nrlnhdp\"]\n shutdown: List[str] = [\"killall nrlnhdp\"]\n validation_mode: ConfigServiceMode = ConfigServiceMode.",
"BLOCKING\n default_configs: List[Configuration] = []\n modes: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]] = {}\n\n def data(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:\n has_smf = \"SMF\" in self.node.config_services\n ifnames = []\n for iface in self.node.get_ifaces(control=False):\n ifnames.append(iface.name)\n return dict(has_smf=has_smf, ifnames=ifnames)\n\n\nclass NrlSmf(ConfigService):\n name: str = \"SMF\"\n group: str = GROUP\n directories: List[str] = []\n files: List[str] = [\"startsmf.sh\"]\n executables: List[str] = [\"nrlsmf\", \"killall\"]\n dependencies: List[str] = []\n startup: List[str] = [\"bash startsmf.sh\"]\n validate: List[str] = [\"pidof nrlsmf\"]\n shutdown: List[str] = [\"killall nrlsmf\"]\n validation_mode: ConfigServiceMode = ConfigServiceMode.",
"BLOCKING\n default_configs: List[Configuration] = []\n modes: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]] = {}\n\n def data(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:\n has_arouted = \"arouted\" in self.node.config_services\n has_nhdp = \"NHDP\" in self.node.config_services\n has_olsr = \"OLSR\" in self.node.config_services\n ifnames = []\n ip4_prefix = None\n for iface in self.node.get_ifaces(control=False):\n ifnames.append(iface.name)\n ip4 = iface.get_ip4()\n if ip4:\n ip4_prefix = f\"{ip4.ip}/{24}\"\n break\n return dict(\n has_arouted=has_arouted,\n has_nhdp=has_nhdp,\n has_olsr=has_olsr,\n ifnames=ifnames,\n ip4_prefix=ip4_prefix,\n )\n\n\nclass NrlOlsr(ConfigService):\n name: str = \"OLSR\"\n group: str = GROUP\n directories: List[str] = []\n files: List[str] = [\"nrlolsrd.sh\"]\n executables: List[str] = [\"nrlolsrd\"]\n dependencies: List[str] = []\n startup: List[str] = [\"bash nrlolsrd.sh\"]\n validate: List[str] = [\"pidof nrlolsrd\"]\n shutdown: List[str] = [\"killall nrlolsrd\"]\n validation_mode: ConfigServiceMode = ConfigServiceMode.",
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"BLOCKING\n default_configs: List[Configuration] = []\n modes: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]] = {}\n\n def data(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:\n has_smf = \"SMF\" in self.node.config_services\n ifnames = []\n for iface in self.node.get_ifaces(control=False):\n ifnames.append(iface.name)\n return dict(has_smf=has_smf, ifnames=ifnames)\n\n\nclass OlsrOrg(ConfigService):\n name: str = \"OLSRORG\"\n group: str = GROUP\n directories: List[str] = [\"/etc/olsrd\"]\n files: List[str] = [\"olsrd.sh\", \"/etc/olsrd/olsrd.conf\"]\n executables: List[str] = [\"olsrd\"]\n dependencies: List[str] = []\n startup: List[str] = [\"bash olsrd.sh\"]\n validate: List[str] = [\"pidof olsrd\"]\n shutdown: List[str] = [\"killall olsrd\"]\n validation_mode: ConfigServiceMode = ConfigServiceMode.",
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"Adela oplerella\n\nAdela oplerella is a species of moth of the family Adelidae, the fairy longhorn moths. ",
"It is known commonly as Opler's longhorn moth. ",
"It is endemic to California.",
"\n\nThe length of forewings is . ",
"The forewings are dark, metallic olive-bronze. ",
"They are either without markings or with two faint whitish spots. ",
"The hindwings are slightly narrower and dark brown, with some bronze and purplish.",
"\n\nThe moth has usually been collected on creamcups (Platystemon californicus).",
"\n\nThe species was described in 1969 and named for Paul A. Opler, who collected most of the specimens.",
"\n\nReferences\n\nExternal links\nAdela oplerella. ",
"CalPhotos\n\nCategory:Adelidae\nCategory:Moths described in 1969\nCategory:Endemic fauna of California\nCategory:Moths of the United States"
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"Q:\n\nHow will the diode act after its junction is penetrated?",
"\n\nAbove is a circuit diagram with 2 sources V1 and V2, a switch SW, a diode D1 and a resistor R1. ",
"The points X,Y,A,B,C,D,E,F are terminals of the components indicated with red dots.",
"\nIf the switch is OPEN as in the figure, the diode D1 is reverse biased and no current will flow. ",
"\nLets say the switch is closed(SW CLOSED) and opened in a very short amount of time which is enough to penetrate the p-n junction so that V1-V2 = 10V is applied in that duration to the ends of diode and the diode is forward biased for that short time. ",
"\nAnd then lets assume suddenly the switch is opened(SW OPEN) again and kept always opened from then on. ",
"Here is my question:\nWill the p-n junction remain penetrated and will a current flow through the points C,B,A,D,E,F in order? ",
"Or will it block the current since it looks like it is conencted as reverse biased?",
"\n\nA:\n\nA diode has a limited bandwidth, reversing voltage will take time to react. ",
"However it is not that big current is flowing in the opposite direction, it is more like the capacitance of the diode is charging in this time, limiting the bandwidth.",
"\nThe story about the DC motor switching is just that the charge within the inductor of the motor needs to go somewhere, the current can not be suddenly stopped. ",
"If you do not use the diode the voltage will peak because of the inductance of the motor possibly blowing the transistor. ",
"Because of the diode the charge of the motor inductance will be \"shortcircuited\" over the motor-coil itself and the voltage will just ripple a little.",
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"Dan Shapiro, the new U.S. Ambassador to Israel, said Wednesday that the Palestinians know approaching the United Nations will not change reality, according to a report by Israel Radio.",
"\n\nShapiro, who is also a former adviser to U.S. President Barak Obama, said in the interview that the Palestinians' bid for UN recognition in September will not change reality, and that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict can only be solved via negotiations.",
"\n\nOpen gallery view Dan Shapiro. ",
"Credit: Natasha Mozgovaya\n\nHe also said the U.S. government will continue striving to find a formula to renew peace talks between Israel and the Palestinians.",
"\n\nIn addition, the U.S. envoy said Obama and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu have strong working ties and share a trust in one another, according to the Channel Two report.",
"\n\nShapiro also referred to ousted Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, who faced his first day of trial Wednesday, saying the ex-president made an important contribution to peace over many years for the public of the Middle East, but that the Egyptian people are now the ones who will determine his fate and the United States will not interfere with that process.",
"\n\nEarlier Wednesday, President Shimon Peres met Shapiro at a ceremony in which he accepted the U.S. envoy's credentials.",
"\n\n\"We all read the newspapers and I want to take advantage of this opportunity to express my appreciation to President Obama and say in a clear voice - President Obama is a friend of the Jewish people and the state of Israel and there is no doubt in this matter,\" said Peres.",
"\n\nAfter the ceremony, Peres and Shapiro held discussions on diplomatic matters, including the Palestinian effort to attain recognition of statehood at the United Nations in September.",
"\n\nPeres said that such a declaration would be a mistake.",
"\n\n\"An empty statement will produce only an illusion, cause damages to both sides and won't provide an answer to the basic issues standing before us, including terrorism, weapons smuggling and Iran's attempts to develop a nuclear bomb.\"",
"\n\nPeres called for direct negotiations with the Palestinians to bring an end to the conflict.",
"\n\n\"A clear majority of both peoples desire peace,\" he said. \"",
"I know that the gaps can be bridged and therefore we cannot give up and we must work diligently to renew the peace process.\"",
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"It nevertheless grows and kills its syngeneic host. ",
"The possible impairment of immune responsiveness in tumor bearing mice was investigated by measuring their ability to mount a humoral immune response against foreign antigens, such as sheep red blood cells or bacteriophage T4. ",
"No significant decrease in the response to either antigen was found until the tumor mass exceeded 10-15% of the host's body weight. ",
"Moreover, circulating anti-tumor antibodies were detected in the serum throughout the initial period of tumor growth. ",
"The possible interference of these antibodies with cell-mediated defence mechanism was ruled out by experiments where the humoral response was selectively suppressed from birth by repeated administrations of anti-immunoglobulin heavy chain antiserum. ",
"In a \"suppressed\" mice, tumors took, grew and developed more rapidly than in controls. ",
"It is concluded that, at least in the model studied, the humoral immune response operates as a defence mechanism against expansion of the tumor clone."
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"/*\n * $Id$\n *\n * Copyright (C) 2003-2015 JNode.org\n *\n * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it\n * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published\n * by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or\n * (at your option) any later version.",
"\n *\n * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but \n * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY\n * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. ",
"See the GNU Lesser General Public \n * License for more details.",
"\n *\n * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License\n * along with this library; If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., \n * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.",
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"Q:\n\nC++ Memory Address\n\nPlease excuse me if this is a repeated question\nThis is my code\n#include \"stdafx.h\"\n#include <stdio.h>\n#include \"iostream\"\n#include <stdlib.h>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n char * name = \"Hello\";\n\n cout << \"2\" << endl;\n cout << \"Address2 is \" << &name << \" value at address is \" << * (&name) << endl;\n cout << \"Next address2 is \" << &name + 1 << \" value at address is \" << name + 1 << \" \" << sizeof(char) << endl;\n\n cout << \"3\" << endl;\n cout << \"Address3 is \" << &name << \" value at address is \" << name << endl;\n\n cout << \"Next address3 is \" << &name + sizeof name << \" value at address is \" << name + sizeof name << endl;\n getchar();\n}\n\nand this is the output\n\nAddress2 is 003EFAA4 value at address is Hello // easy for me to understand\nNext Address2 is 003EFAA8 (This is where i struggle to understand. ",
"My understanding is the next address should be 003EFAA5 considering char is of 1 Byte?",
"\noutput same as 1\nNext Address2 is 003EFAB4 (This is where i struggle to understand too. ",
"My understanding is the next address should be 003EFAA8 when address of variable name is 003EFAA4 considering size of char pointer is of 4 Byte?",
"\n\nMy understanding about memory is the addresses are referenced in terms of bytes. ",
"If that is true then why in number 3 above it gives me the address which is 4 bytes further and in number 4 above it gives me the next address that is 10 bytes further?",
"\nAny explanation would be highly appreciated. ",
"Thank you\n\nA:\n\nNext Address2 is 003EFAA8 (This is where i struggle to understand. ",
"My understanding is the next address should be 003EFAA5 considering char is of 1 Byte?",
"\n\nWhen you do &name + 1 you go to the next address of the type of name. ",
" name is not a char though. ",
" It is a char* and on your system a char* has a size of 4. ",
" This is why it goes 4 bytes forward, as that is where the next char* could be located.",
"\n\nNext Address2 is 003EFAB4 (This is where i struggle to understand too. ",
"My understanding is the next address should be 003EFAA8 when address of variable name is 003EFAA4 considering size of char pointer is of 4 Byte?",
"\n\nThis is basically the same thing that is happening above, but instead of going to the next char*, you are going to the sizeof name next element which in this case is the fourth element.",
"\n\nA:\n\n&name is of type char**. ",
"The way pointer arithmetic works, if you add to it, it increases that much times the size of char* (because a char** points to a char*, and this way it would point to the next char* if there were an array of char*). ",
"It looks like the size of char* is 4 on your system. ",
"So if &name is 003EFAA4, then &name + 1is 003EFAA8 (that's 4 more).",
"\nsizeof name is 4, so if you add that to &name it increases by 16. ",
"Hence whey you get 003EFAB4, that's 0x10 (or 16) more than 003EFAA4.",
"\n\nA:\n\nWelcome to pointer arithmetics.",
"\nchar *name = \"hello\";\n\nname is a pointer to character. ",
"It stores the address of \"hello\" string literal, ie. ",
"the address of character h (the address of an array is equal (to the value) to the address of the first element of an array). ",
"You should note that string literals are immutable, you can't modify them. ",
"So it's best to change the type to const char*.",
"\n&name\n\nThis is a pointer to the variable name. ",
"Not a pointer to \"hello\" string literal, but a pointer to a pointer. ",
"The 003EFAA4 is the address of name variable. ",
"The variable was allocated by the compiler on stack inside the main() function.",
"\n*(&name)\n\nThe *& rule (here) themselves out. ",
"So *&name is equal to name. ",
"This prints the value of the name pointer, ie. ",
"this is the pointer to \"hello\" string literal, ie. ",
"this is the pointer to the character h inside \"hello\" string literal. ",
"Not &name. ",
"Address of h character.",
"\n&name + 1\n\nThe &name has the char ** type, ie. ",
"it as a pointer to a pointer to a character. ",
"From pointer arithmetics, the &name + 1 is equal to the value to (uintptr_t)&name + 1 * sizeof(*&name). ",
"sizeof(*&name) is sizeof(name) it is sizeof(char*), so it's (uintptr_t)&name + sizeof(char*). ",
"On your architecture sizeof(char*) is 4 bytes (32 bit system?), ",
"so the pointer is incremented by 4. ",
"Ie. ",
"003EFAA4 + 4 = 003EFAA8.",
"\nname + 1\n\nThe name has the type of char*. ",
"From pointer arithmetics name + 1 is equal to (uintptr_t)name + sizeof(*name). ",
"sizeof(*name) is sizeof(char). ",
"sizeof(char) is defined to be equal 1. ",
"This prints the address of e char inside \"hello\" string literal.",
"\n&name + sizeof name\n\n&name has the type of char**, so the value of &name is incremented sizeof(name) * sizeof(char*) times. ",
"Assizeof(name)is equal tosizeof(char*), this issizeof(char*) * sizeof(char*)ie.4*4 = 16` on your computer.",
"\nname + sizeof name\n\nThis increments the pointer name value by value of sizoef(name) * sizeof(char). ",
"sizeof(name) is sizeof(char*) is 4 on your architecture, sizeof(char) is 1. ",
"So name + sizeof name is the address of character o inside \"hello\" string literal, ie. ",
"003EFAA8.",
"\n@edit rewritten some parts\n\n"
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"阳木虎年(male Wood-Tiger)−239 or −620 or −1392— to —阴木兔年(female Wood-Rabbit)−238 or −619 or −1391\n\nYear 366 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. ",
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"\n\nTheban leader, Epaminondas, returns to the Peloponnesus for a third time, seeking to secure the allegiance of the states of Achaea. ",
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"\n\nThe experiment by Dion (brother-in-law of Dionysius I) and Plato to educate the new ruler of Syracuse, Dionysius II, in the practical application of Plato's philosophical principles fails and Dion and Plato are banished from Syracuse.",
"\n\nThe use of military tribunes with consular power is abandoned permanently and the dual consulship is restored. ",
"A new magistracy is established, which is called the praetorship. ",
"Its holder, the praetor, is elected annually by the Assembly and takes charge of civil matters, thus relieving the consuls of this responsibility. ",
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"\n\nTwo additional aediles, called curule (\"higher\") aediles, are created in the Roman hierarchy. ",
"These are at first patricians; but those of the next year are plebeians and so on year by year alternately. ",
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"Actor Tom Alter Dies After Battle With Cancer\n\nadmin\n\n1 year ago\n\nRenowned television, film and theater actor Tom Alter passed away on Sept. 29 at his residence in Mumbai. ",
"He was 67. ",
"Tom Alter was battling type four skin cancer. ",
"He is survived by his wife Carol, son Jamie, and daughter Afshaan.",
"\n\n“It is with sadness we announce the death of Tom Alter, actor, writer, director, Padma Shri, and our dear husband and father. ",
"Tom passed away Friday night at home with his family and close family members in attendance. ",
"We ask for their privacy to be respected at this time,” read a statement issued on behalf of his family.",
"\n\nFollowing his death, tweets poured in to offer condolence messages.",
"\n\nFour Decades Dedicated to Arts\n\nIn his career spanning over four decades, Alter acted in more than 300 films and several TV shows. ",
"The artiste, who was honored with the Padma Shri in 2008, worked with renowned filmmakers like Satyajit Ray in Shatranj Ke Khilari, and in the Hollywood movie One Night with the King with Peter O’Toole.",
"\n\nAlter is also known for his role was that of gangster Keshav Kalsi, which he played in the television serial Junoon that ran for over five years on Indian television. ",
"Apart from being an actor, Alter proved his mettle as a director and as a sports journalist. ",
"He was said to be the first person to interview cricket legend, Sachin Tendulkar, when the batsman was yet to debut for India.",
"\n\nAlter also wrote three books, of which two were fictions.",
"\n\nBorn as the son of American Christian missionaries of Indian and Scottish ancestry, young Alter spent his childhood at Mussoorie in Uttarakhand. ",
"After studying at Yales, Alter returned to India in the early 1970s and became obsessed with acting. ",
"In 1972, he got himself enrolled in the Film and Television Institute of India in Pune, and graduated with a gold medal in diploma in acting.",
"\n\nAlter’s first movie to hit the theaters was Charas, in which he played a crucial role of a customs officer alongside superstar Dharmendra. ",
"Later, he played pivotal roles in movies like Kranti, Junoon, and Ram Teri Ganga Maili.",
"\n\nDuring his career, he acted with many acclaimed filmmakers, including Satyajit Ray, Shyam Benegal, Manoj Kumar, Manmohan Desai, Subhash Ghai and Chetan Anand.",
"\n\nHe made his presence felt in regional language films too, the noted one being Priyadarshan’s Malayalam film Kaala Pani, which featured Mohanlal in the lead role. ",
"He also acted in some Bengali, Assamese, Telugu, Tamil and Kumaoni films.",
"\n\nHis popularity also increased through television serials like Shaktimaan, Captain Vyom, Mere Ghar Aana Zindagi and Yahaan Ke Hum Sikandar. ",
"His most recent appearance on television was in Rishton Ka Chakravyuh.",
"\n\nEven in the midst of busy schedules in cinema, Alter always tried to find time to pursue theater. ",
"His noted stage works include Maulana, Babur Ke Aulaad, Trisanga and Ghalib Ke Khat."
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"Until now.",
"\n\nFollowing great reporting by both Motherboard and Gizmodo, Amazon on Wednesday decided to finally come clean about the scale of its Neighbors Portal program.",
"\n\nThe company published a map detailing the 405 law enforcement agencies across the U.S. that participate in the program.",
"\n\n\"Today, 405 agencies use the Neighbors Portal, which is an extension of the Neighbors app that allow law enforcement to engage with their local community,\" explains an accompanying blog post from Ring.",
"\n\nThe post highlights the various ways police departments use the program, \"from posting important information about crime and safety events in their neighborhoods to viewing and commenting on public posts as a verified law enforcement officer to asking for help on active investigations by submitting requests for video recordings.\"",
"\n\nSearching the above map allows a concerned citizen to determine both if their local police department has teamed up with Ring and, if so, when the partnership began.",
"\n\nPrivacy advocates have criticized Amazon for its handling of the Neighbors Portal program, pointing out that, among other issues, it functionally turns police departments into a PR arm of Amazon.",
"\n\nRing, with the release of this map, appears to be attempting some damage control. ",
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"Q:\n\nproblems understanding workflow and set up of vagrant and laravel homestead\n\nUp till now I've used a wamp server and thought I'd give Laravel Homestead a try as it's meant to be easier!",
"\nI'm having problems getting the set up right and I'm confused about what I'm doing and where I should be doing them.",
"\nI've got vagrant and virtual box installed and set up. ",
"Windows 7\nNormally I have my local files in the same location as the server wamp/www so I created a new folder in this location c:/vagrant to place my development files.",
"\nFrom a CLI from within this directory I followed the instructions on the laravel site (and others), added the homestead box using this command:\n'vagrant box add laravel/homestead'\n\nIt goes through an install process.",
"\nI then used git clone https://github.com/laravel/homestead.git Homestead' to clone the homestead repository. ",
"This created a clone as expected inC:/vagrant`\nI then ran homestead init which in theory creates a yaml configuration file. ",
"My first problem I couldnt find this to check configuration.",
"\nResearching further I then discovered that maybe I should be installing this into the root of my user profile. ",
"ie c:/users/me rather than the root of the system (excuse the lack of technical knowledge)\nSo - a few questions: \n 1. ",
"Where should I be running all the commands? ",
"From the folder I created or\n in my user profile? ",
"\n 2. ",
"Once installed (if I get that far) where should\n I place my local development files?",
"\nI think I understand that the development files get synced to the virtual machine (set up in the config file)\nSorry, completely new to this approach and not yet getting my head around what I'm trying to do\nThanks\n\nA:\n\nAre you using cygwin? ",
"\nYou should run the commands inside the Homestead folder which is created after you do homestead init. ",
"\nThen you do the configuration or mapping of folders in your Homestead.yaml. ",
"it is located in you home directory. ",
"in my case in created a .homestead folder. ",
"I'm using cygwin btw. ",
"\nThere are a lot of youtube tutorials that are very help. ",
"that's where i learn how to set up my Homestead environment. ",
"\nupdate \nI assumed you have installed vagrant and virtual box. ",
"\nthen you've downloaded the homestead box.",
"\nby running this command. ",
"\nvagrant box add laravel/homestead\n\nyou'll know you've download the box when you see it on the list when running this command. ",
"\nvagrant box list\n\nthe output would be something like this. ",
"\n$ vagrant box list\nlaravel/homestead (virtualbox, 0.2.5)\nlucid32 (virtualbox, 0)\n\nthen you need to download the homestead configuration with this command. ",
"\ngit clone https://github.com/laravel/homestead.git Homestead\n\nif your in /directory/projects. ",
"You'll have \n/directory/projects/Homestead\n\nafter downloading the configuration. ",
"you need to run this command inside the Homestead folder. ",
"\nbash init.sh\n\nit will create a hidden homestead folder in you home directory. ",
"\nInside the .homestead directory you'll find the Homestead.yaml\n~/.homestead/Homeastead.yaml \n\nyour Homestead.yaml file would look something like this. ",
"\nip: \"192.168.1.1\"\nmemory: 2048\ncpus: 1\nprovider: virtualbox\n\n// you need to create this key\n authorize: ~/.homestead/publickey.pub\nkeys:\n - ~/.homestead/keys\n\nfolders:\n - map: D:\\projects\\folder -- in your local machine\n to: /var/www -- map to the folder in your virtual machine\n\nsites:\n - map: myproject.app --the domain you'll use to access your project in you local machine\n to: /var/www/testproject/public --the public folder. ",
"\n\n//folders is where you declare your base folder. ",
"\n//site is where you register you application. ",
"\nhope this make sense to you. ",
"Just ignore the rest of the configuration inside your Homestead.yaml file. ",
"\nlastly you need to edit your hosts file.",
"\nadd this line. ",
"\n127.0.0.1 myproject.app\n\nyou can access you app in your browser on port 8000.",
"\nmyproject.app:8000\n\nthen after you've setup everything. ",
"you then go to you Homestead folder. ",
"\n`/directory/projects/Homestead`\n\nand run \nvagrant up\n\nto start the machine. ",
"\n\n"
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"Q:\n\nC# regex to parse PHP function call list file\n\nI have a simple problem. ",
"I have a PHP file which contains a lot of function-calls like this one:\nreturn self::_Call('client_changePassword',Array(\n $token,\n $password,\n $user_token\n));\n\nThe name and the number of parameters can vary but the call itself always have this structure, including spaces and linebreaks. ",
" \nWhat I need is a regular expression that will grab all these calls from the PHP file and split them into the function name (client_changePassword) and a group of parameters. ",
"Since the file has several hundreds of different calls, it needs to be reasonably fast, too. ",
" \nThe regular expression would be used within C# as part of a console application that will generate a simple code analysis. ",
"Basically, I need a list of methods plus parameters that PHP calls in the source and compare it with a list of definitions that is stored in a different project. ",
"This would help our code reviews a lot. ",
" \nNo, this is not PHP-related even though I'm trying to parse PHP code. ",
"My system can't run any PHP code and I don't even want to run PHP code. ",
"\n\nA:\n\nYou can use the following regex:\nreturn\\s+self::_Call\\('(?<name>[^']+)'\\s*,\\s*[Aa]rray\\((?:\\s+\\$(?<param>[^,)\\n]+),?\\r?\\n)+\n\nSee demo\n\n"
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"Q:\n\nWhat is a method signature in c# now?",
"\n\nThere are several questions on Stack Overflow about a method signature in C#. ",
"Almost all solutions say that a return value and access level are not parts of a method signature. ",
"But I found on MSDN completely opposite information.",
"\n\nMethods are declared in a class or struct by specifying the access level such as public or private, optional modifiers such as abstract or sealed, the return value, the name of the method, and any method parameters. ",
"These parts together are the signature of the method.",
"\n\nand\n\nA return type of a method is not part of the signature of the method for the purposes of method overloading. ",
"However, it is part of the signature of the method when determining the compatibility between a delegate and the method that it points to.",
"\n\nI'm confused. ",
"What is the truth?",
"\n\nA:\n\nThe C# specification defines the signature as not containing the return type. ",
"The CLI specification defines it as containing the return type. ",
"\nThough this small discrepancy is unfortunate, it is not difficult to reason from context which meaning is intended. ",
"As the text you quoted indicates, the return type is relevant when matching methods to delegates; it is also relevant when doing virtual overrides, and in a number of other situations. ",
"The return type is not relevant during overload resolution, which is the context in which the C# specification is most concerned about the \"signature\" of a method.",
"\n\nA:\n\nPer Section 3.6 of the C# language specification, the method signature does not include the return type (explicit) or the access modifier (by omission):\n\nThe signature of a method consists of the name of the method, the number of type parameters and the type and kind (value, reference, or output) of each of its formal parameters, considered in the order left to right. ",
"For these purposes, any type parameter of the method that occurs in the type of a formal parameter is identified not by its name, but by its ordinal position in the type argument list of the method. ",
"The signature of a method specifically does not include the return type, the params modifier that may be specified for the right-most parameter, nor the optional type parameter constraints.",
"\n\nA:\n\nThey just don't use term 'signature' in very strict sense. ",
"The first use is strict, the second use is not.",
"\nWhat they want to emphasize is that for delegates both signature and return type are important.",
"\nNote that the MSDN is a guide, not specification. ",
"Sometimes they do some simplifications or more loose terminology.",
"\n\n"
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