Datasets:

khaled123
/

dataio555ieme

Dataset card Viewer Files Files and versions Community

Split (2)

train · 258k rows

text stringlengths 9 5.77M	timestamp stringlengths 26 26	url stringlengths 32 32
// Copyright 2016 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be // found in the LICENSE file. export default 42; export let a = 1; export {a as b}; export function set_a(x) { a = x }; export function get_a() { return a };	2024-03-16T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/2841
This project involves studies on the carcinogenic and the metastatic process of hepatocellular carcinoma in nonhuman primates. Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) has proven to be a potent hepatocarcinogen with a short latency period in the monkey colony and was therefore used for tumor induction. Monthly liver biopsies and blood samples are presently being evaluated for different parameters associated with hepatic neoplasia. After almost six months of intraperitoneal administration of DENA there is clear histologic evidence of toxic hepatic changes in contrast to the control animals which received only saline. Hyperplastic nodules or tumors have not been noted yet in the test animals.	2024-03-02T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/8217
Nov. 14 – In a move to increase the number of green vehicles on the country’s roads, China is urging new-energy car promotions in 25 major cities. The new regulatory call will likely provide a boost to the green automobile market after the country saw an overall deceleration in car sales partly due to last month’s issuing of a tightened subsidy policy for fuel-efficient car models. In the “Circular on Promoting the Pilot Demonstration of Fuel-efficient and New-energy Vehicles (caibanjian [2011] No.149)” issued on October 14, the Ministry of Finance (MoF), Ministry of Science and Technology (MST), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) and National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) made a joint call for the issuance of local incentives for new-energy cars. Continue reading… Meet the firm behind our content. Dezan Shira & Associates have been servicing foreign investors in China, India and the ASEAN region since 1992. Click here to visit their professional services website and discover how they can help your business succeed in Asia. Media Partners Connect with Us Never Miss an Update Subscribe to gain even better insights into doing business throughout the China. Subscribing also lets you to take full advantage of all our website features including customizable searches, favorites, wish lists and gift functions and access to otherwise restricted content.	2024-04-25T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/7562
Warmachine999:Im allergic to Curry. Just the smell of it is enough to make me not able to breathe properly and break out in a rash. If I were the teacher of this class, said student would be out of my classroom as well.	2023-09-15T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/2277
Q: Is it possible to use two Python packages with the same name? I have a question about imports. The question might seem a bit contrived, but its purpose is to explore the limitations of using absolute imports for all imports in a package. PEP8 highly discourages relative imports (edit: and the Google Python Style Guide says never to use them). Say you are given two large-ish packages that both have the same name and that both use absolute imports in accordance with PEP8: /pkg1 mod1.py (contains an absolute import: 'import pkg1.mod2') mod2.py ... /pkg1 mod1.py (contains an absolute import: 'import pkg1.mod3') mod3.py ... Also say you are working on a Python project in which you'd like to use both packages. This could come up, say, if you want to use two versions of the same package in a project. Is there a way to incorporate both packages into your project hierarchy so that you can freely use modules from both packages throughout your project? For the solution it's acceptable to do things like use import aliases and modify sys.path temporarily. But it's not okay to change the contents of either package directory. A: The short answer is no, Python doesn't accept two packages with the same name. (There are things called "namespace packages" that let a single package be implemented over multiple directories but they require the packages involved to be set up to cooperate with each other). The way PEP 8 discourages explicit relative imports is one of its more questionable pieces of advice, precisely because it makes it harder to rename a package to avoid naming conflicts. If the two packages used relative imports, you could just rename one of them or nest it inside another package and be done with it. import aliases won't help you here, because it is the name that ends up in sys.modules that matters, and that uses the name of the module as imported, rather than the name that ends up being bound in the importing module. If you wanted to get really exotic, you could write your own importer (see PEP 302 and the 3.x importlib documentation). If you decide to go that far, you can do pretty much anything you want.	2024-07-29T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/4794
Q: Perl substitution using string that contains a dollar sign on windows I'm using perl on windows and am trying to do a one liner using perl to substitute a placeholder in a file using a windows variable that contains a dollar sign. Does anyone know what the correct usage is to make it work with the dollar sign. I've tried various ways and can't seem to get it to work. For example, I have a properties file that has a token in it (!MYPASSWORD!) that I'm trying to replace like: somevalue="!MYPASSWORD!" I have a batch file that looks up a variable say called NEWPASSWORD that contains the password $abc12345$ and I want to use perl substitution to replace the value like the following. Note I may not always know where the $ signs are so I cant escape them. For example another password may be abc$124$563: echo %NEWPASSWORD% <-- this would contain $abc12345$ perl -p -i.bak -e "s/!MYPASSWORD!/%NEWPASSWORD%/g" a.properties When its done I want a.properties to be : somevalue="$abc12345$" Thanks in advance A: Use ' as regexp delimeter symbol. It will disable all variable substitution: perl -p -i.bak -e "s'!MYPASSWORD!'%NEWPASSWORD%'g" a.properties	2023-09-03T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5025
Pages 10/17/11 Ride Home 10/17 I don't have very much to offer tonight. New brakes good, which makes a big difference going downhill. Intermediately light out, so I had my lights on, but I probably didn't need them. I saw a very Dutch looking bike near Dupont, with full chaincase. What did the Dutch do to get a particular kind of bike associated with them that the Danes didn't? Of all the buses I would hate to hit me, a double-decker tour bus with an add for the Hard Rock Cafe (or something) on its side would invariably be the worst. Within (literal) inches of my life. I don't have too many "come to Jeebus" moments when riding, but sheesh. I think 11th NW is the way to go. I'm surprised how low the buildings are along that corridor. It's not super transit accessible, but I would sort of expect it to be denser and taller, more like 14th. Someone get me a couple hundred million dollars or maybe just Doug Jemal's phone number. On Penn, there was a line of four bicyclists and we approached a red light and, miraculously, the same order was preserved throughout the light. Victory for civility. And slowness. It makes sense to yield to pedestrians, especially when the drivers next to you have already stopped. Big party foul, guy riding in front of me in the bike lane. I'm sorry to be so judgy. It's very motorist of me.	2024-07-06T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/2710
Rearrange -2n + 2n*2 - 301n*4 + 300n*4 - 105n*3 + n to vn + i + hn3 + dn*2 + xn*4 and give v. -1 Rearrange -23327h*3 - h + 23326h*3 - 9h*4 - 4h to xh + b + vh*2 + mh*4 + ah*3 and give x. -5 Express -58 - 57 + 273l + 115 as hl + z and give h. 273 Rearrange 2j*2 + 2j*2 - 3j*2 + (42j - 35j + 55j)(4j - 2j + 1 - 3j) to the form n + sj2 + xj and give n. 0 Rearrange -v*2 - 29 + 29 + 0v*2 - 101 to the form mv*2 + ov + y and give y. -101 Express -4i - 2i + 48i3 + 8i - i as ui3 + o + qi + li2 and give l. 0 Express 11x4 - x3 - 7x3 + 3 - 13x*4 - 1 as nx*3 + bx*2 + u + zx*4 + tx and give z. -2 Express (8 - 8 + 34i)(1 + 4 - 6)(4 - 4 + 1)(1 - 1 + 1)(-4 + 1 + 1) as p + qi and give q. 68 Express (-3 + 3 + 1)(20g*2 + 19g*2 - 7g*2)(-3g + g + g)(-3 + g + 3) in the form kg2 + vg*4 + fg + q + og3 and give v. -32 Express 6o - 8o + 13 + 0o + (1 - 1 + 1)(-o + 2o - 3o) as z + ho and give h. -4 Express -27p2 + 96p*2 - 33p*2 + 568 - 38p*2 as fp*2 + o + kp and give f. -2 Rearrange -10f4 + 22f*4 - 3f*3 - 7 + 5f*3 - 2f + 7 to kf3 + nf + xf4 + qf*2 + b and give x. 12 Rearrange 11 - 7 - 2 + 14i + (-1 + 0 + 0)(9i + 8 - 8) to the form zi + m and give m. 2 Rearrange (6 - 9 - 17)(-27z + 102z + 107z) to the form hz + w and give h. -3640 Express (5 - 2 - 2)(-w2 + w2 - 2w*2)(1882 + 18w - 1882) as hw*3 + m + qw + dw2 and give h. -36 Express -48c*2 - 42723 + 42723 - 3c + 3c4 + 2c as l + dc + sc*4 + jc*3 + bc*2 and give b. -48 Express -160a*2 - 262a*3 + 160a*2 + (-a + 4a - a)(4a - 4a + a2) + (-2a*2 - 4 + 4)(-2a - a + 4a) as ta3 + la*2 + ra + d and give t. -262 Rearrange -18m + 48m*2 + 13m + 7m + 79m*2 to the form h + nm + om2 and give n. 2 Rearrange -95j - 6j + 18j - 9j + 2 - 39j to the form h + dj and give d. -131 Rearrange n3 - 42 + 39n*2 - 18 - 84n*2 + 43n*2 to the form kn + in3 + sn*2 + v and give s. -2 Express -65q + 5q + 7q as hq + j and give h. -53 Express (4572 + 14u*2 - 4572)(12u2 - 25u*2 + 10u*2)(-2 + 5 - 1) in the form fu4 + ju*3 + c + hu + ou2 and give f. -84 Rearrange -5d*2 + 0d - 21d4 + 2 + 2d + 22d4 + 2d*3 to fd*3 + u + sd*2 + id + md4 and give m. 1 Express -w - w + w + (1 + 0 - 2)(27w + 1822 - 1822) + 2 + 0w - 2 + 4w as lw + m and give l. -24 Express -50 + d + 0d - 72 + 4 in the form a + wd and give w. 1 Express -42 - 8 - 2b3 + 10b - b - 7b as a + pb*3 + ib + nb2 and give p. -2 Rearrange -3q*3 - 251q*2 - 4 + 523q*2 - 262q*2 + 2q + 3 + 8q3 to jq*2 + s + nq*3 + xq and give x. 2 Rearrange -24u - 7u + u + 123 - 124 to r + wu and give r. -1 Rearrange 28g - 63g + 32g + 6g2 + 8 to mg*2 + x + jg and give j. -3 Express (18 - 18 - 4a)(-12a + 6a + 14a) + (5a - 5a - a)(0 - 2a + 0) in the form za*2 + sa + i and give z. -30 Rearrange -22j3 + 9j*3 - 44j*3 + 5j*2 - 2j*2 + 3j*2 to the form bj*2 + mj + pj3 + v and give p. -57 Express 16p*3 + 77p*3 + 9p*2 - 42p*3 as cp + rp3 + ap2 + u and give r. 51 Rearrange -n2 + 179n - 51n*3 + 106n*3 - 2 - 179n to mn + g + rn*2 + dn*3 and give d. 55 Express 0p*2 - 5p*2 + 194p - 256p + 4p*2 as op + np2 + d and give o. -62 Rearrange 50 - 91 + 29 - 8t*2 + 2t - 2t2 - 2t + (0t - 3t + t)(-t - 4t + 3t) - 2t + 2t - t2 to the form qt*2 + jt + o and give q. -7 Express (23t2 - 692t*2 + 98t*2)(2t2 - 2t2 + t2) as jt3 + f + dt + wt4 + vt*2 and give w. -571 Express -2046 + 2w*2 - 1977 + 4109 as m + hw + kw2 and give m. 86 Rearrange ((1 - 1 - j)(-1 - 1 + 1) + 0 + 0 + 2j + 14j + 6j + 19j)(12j*2 + 16j*2 - 6j*2) to the form hj*2 + v + uj*3 + mj and give m. 0 Express (1 - 1 + 6)(0r - 3r + 0r)(3r*2 + 14r*2 - 7r*2)(-1 + 2 - 3)(0 - 1 + 0) as d + or*2 + pr*3 + tr and give d. 0 Express -q - 4q + 3q - 2q + 4 - 4 + (q + 0q + 0q)(0 - 2 + 0) + (-4q - 7q + q)(4 - 2 - 1) as aq + i and give a. -16 Rearrange -z + 0z + 271z*3 + 0z + 2z - 9z*3 to tz*3 + l + cz + sz2 and give t. 262 Rearrange (15k*3 - 2k*3 + 8k*3)(3 + 9 + 1) + 0k3 - 3k*3 + 2k*3 to wk*2 + tk*3 + mk + x and give t. 272 Rearrange (-2 + 6 - 1)(0f*2 + 0f*2 - 3f*3)(-12 + 55 + 20) to m + cf3 + pf + zf2 and give c. -567 Rearrange -25 + 19f*2 + 12 + 25f*4 - 23f*2 + 12 to the form lf*2 + af*3 + h + pf*4 + nf and give p. 25 Express 153k2 + 0k - 2k - 93k*2 - 684k*2 as mk + g + hk2 and give m. -2 Express -1295 - 6h*2 + 3h*3 - 3h*3 + 1288 - 3h*4 as z + ch*2 + th*4 + vh*3 + mh and give t. -3 Rearrange 209u + 0u2 + u3 - 119u - 3u*2 to v + pu*3 + wu + bu2 and give w. 90 Express 4j + 7 + j + 109 - 4j in the form fj + a and give f. 1 Express -4p4 - 157p + 7p2 - p3 + 321p - 163p as lp*4 + hp*2 + zp*3 + tp + n and give t. 1 Rearrange -4n2 + 9n*2 + 0n*2 - 4n*2 - 956 to the form hn + w + gn2 and give g. 1 Express -v + 1766v*2 - 6v + 7v + 1091v*2 in the form pv + t + mv2 and give m. 2857 Rearrange -a - 3824 - a3 + 3823 - 3a + 2a2 to ba*3 + z + ha*2 + ya and give y. -4 Express -142s4 + s2 - 7s*4 - 321s*4 - 2s*3 in the form is + c + zs4 + ws*3 + os*2 and give i. 0 Rearrange 122q + 190q + 77q - 6q to hq + c and give h. 383 Rearrange -q*2 + 16q*3 - 6q*3 - 4q*3 - 4q*3 + 0q3 + q4 + 5q + 8 to the form kq*4 + zq*3 + m + uq + yq2 and give k. 1 Express 2y*2 - 2y*3 - 4y2 - y4 + 146y - 175y - 1 as sy4 + uy*3 + j + hy + gy2 and give u. -2 Rearrange (5n + 14 - 14)(-70 - 188 + 57) to f + mn and give m. -1005 Express 636x + 937x - 1164x - 1 in the form lx + a and give l. 409 Express (k - 25 - 8 + 29)(-3 - 1 + 0) in the form ck + q and give q. 16 Rearrange -85 + 26g - 90 + 174 + 8g*2 + 0g*2 to ig*2 + kg + w and give i. 8 Rearrange -71v + 39v + 43v - 1 to the form pv + z and give p. 11 Express (-613h + 613h - 2h2 + 14h*3)(12 + 6 - 11 + 11) in the form jh + zh*3 + q + ch*2 and give c. -36 Rearrange -1 - 516t + 2t2 - 5t*4 - 510t + 1025t to the form at*3 + p + ot*2 + kt*4 + zt and give k. -5 Rearrange (8s2 - 5s*2 + 50s*2)(-6 + 5 + 3) to z + ts2 + bs and give t. 106 Express (-167f + 296f + 92f)(-2f3 - f2 + f2) in the form v + tf*4 + pf + qf3 + if*2 and give t. -442 Rearrange (-8a*2 - 93a*2 + 17a*2)(-1 + 5 - 1) to ia + ua*2 + b and give u. -252 Rearrange (-14 - 3 - 3)(2v + 3v - 4v)(-5 + 10 + 6)(-2v*2 + 2v2 - v3) to the form iv + xv*2 + uv*3 + yv*4 + q and give y. 220 Express -3 + 0r + 4r2 - r4 + r3 - 6r*2 - 4r + 0r as fr*3 + jr + z + dr4 + or*2 and give z. -3 Rearrange 11 - 1 - 5 - 5 - 313a*2 to pa + xa2 + t and give x. -313 Rearrange 0j - 454 - 5j3 - j + 457 to n + cj*2 + xj + ij3 and give n. 3 Express (-1 + 2x + 2x2 + 0 - 4x*2)(6 + 2 - 3)(33x + 5x - x)(0x + 5x - x) in the form yx4 + nx*2 + ux + bx3 + f and give b. 1480 Rearrange (0 - 2 + a - 3)(-224a - 128a*3 + 224a) to ya4 + oa*3 + ma + la2 + u and give y. -128 Express -1 - 3u - 30u4 - u3 + 303u*2 - 303u*2 - 9u*4 - 40u*4 as hu*3 + i + nu*4 + du*2 + gu and give i. -1 Express -t*2 + 1 + 6t*4 - 14t - 2 - 24t3 - 5t4 + t4 + 25t3 in the form l + xt*2 + rt*4 + it*3 + ft and give r. 2 Rearrange -3d - 5 + 2d - 6 + 5d2 + 9 to the form pd*2 + j + ld and give j. -2 Express -2a2 + 4a*2 - 379a*3 - 1 + 377a*3 - 5 in the form ha*2 + ya*3 + q + ja and give h. 2 Express (1 - 4 + 2)(-9173 - 254r + 9173) - 3r + 4r + 0r as hr + n and give n. 0 Rearrange 137d + 17d + 27d to xd + p and give x. 181 Express (-2 + 3 + 1)(-139z*3 + 140z*3 - 2z - 5z - 6) as vz*3 + w + jz*2 + kz and give w. -12 Express -71b - 73b - 108b + 78b in the form qb + u and give q. -174 Express 11i*2 - 24i*2 - 14i*2 + ((2i - 6i + 2i)(-2i - 2i + 5i) - i*2 + 2i*2 - 2i**2	2024-05-01T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/7222
Q: How to marshall c++ char* to C# string using P/INVOKE I'm new to C++. I'm calling a C++ function from C# using a PINVOKE and wanting to get a string back as an out parameter. However I just get an empty string back. The int out parameter works fine. Importing: [DllImport ( @"UnamanagedAssembly.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)] public static extern int Activate(ref int numActivated, StringBuilder eventsActivated); extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int Activate(int p_NumActivated, char p_EventsActivated) {return Activation::GetInstance()->Activate(p_NumActivated, p_EventsActivated);} Calling my C++ function from C#: int numActivated = 0; StringBuilder eventsActivated = new StringBuilder(); int status = Activate(ref numActivated, eventsActivated); The C++ function: int Activation::Activate(int p_NumActivated, char &p_EventsActivated) { char pTemp = "Hello"; p_EventsActivated = pTemp; p_NumActivated = 1; return 0; } A: StringBuilder eventsActivated = new StringBuilder(5); instead of StringBuilder eventsActivated = new StringBuilder(); A: [DllImport ( @"UnamanagedAssembly.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi)] public static extern int Activate( ref int numActivated, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]StringBuilder eventsActivated);	2023-10-28T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/9518
Impact of intravenous oxygen therapy on the expression of reticulocyte-type 15-lipoxygenase in human volunteers. Intravenous oxygen infusion is used in complementary medicine to fight inflammatory disorders and repeated application of this therapeutic method leads to an increase in eosinophilic granulocytes in the peripheral blood. Since this subset of human peripheral leukocytes are known to express large amounts of the reticulocyte-type 15-lipoxygenase (15-lipoxygenase 1), which was suggested to exhibit anti-inflammatory activities, we profiled expression of this enzyme in the peripheral blood during the time course of typical oxygen infusion therapy. For this purpose seven volunteers were treated with intravenous infusion of oxygen gas for 4 weeks and the time-course of 15-lipoxygenase expression as well as the eosinophil count were monitored during and after the treatment interval. We found that 15-lipoxygenase 1 expression and the eosinophil count were significantly increased during the treatment period but returned to normal after the therapy was stopped. There was a striking correlation between the relative number of 15-lipoxygenase transcripts and the eosinophil counts suggesting eosinophils as major source of 15-lipoxygenase 1 expression. Since 15-lipoxygenase has been implicated in the resolving phase of acute inflammatory diseases the anti-inflammatory effects of intravenous oxygen infusion may be explained at least in part by our experimental findings.	2023-08-28T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5867
Q: One mouse over Paragraph change in Article I wanted to have a feature in my Jommla based application, that when ever a user brings the mouse over a particular paragraph in article the color of text should change. so that the paragraph looks more prominent on the screen. I want this thing to be dynamic. Just wanted to know which is the best place to do that. Where in the Joomla the article parsing takes place ?. If I am lucky is there any plugin that can help achieve that ? Kindly let me know A: You can make a slight modification to Trev's solution and make it work without having to change any articles. .contentpaneopen p:hover {color:#ff0000;} By default, Joomla assigns the contentpaneopen class to articles, this would produce the effect on all P tags that are children of that class.	2023-09-16T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/1364
We all know what happened with the terrible calls in 2005.... I still believe that the officials gift wrapped a retirement present for The Bus.Now, the media is putting a strong Good (Denver) vs Evil (Seattle) spin on this Superbowl. If Schlereth lobbies one more time against the Seattle secondary "mugging" receivers, I am going to puke. We are all hearing how Peyton is in the twilight of his career....etc etc etc, I am just getting a bad feeling that the officiating is not going to be unbiased. It is sad that the media can put such a spin on a game and possibly effect the outcome. Yeah, too many manginas worrying about things that are beyond anyone's control. Just like a fight, we can't leave it to the judges. Gotta knock em out to remove all doubt. And we will because we are better. FREE PEHAWK Sac>CANI love Sac with all my heart, and wish I were half as handsome as he. I'm worried that other people being worried will worry the refs so that they think that they went easy on Hawks cause everyone was worried so they will go harder on Hawks now. Having said that, now I'm worried the fact that I said I was worried that other people are worried would worry that the refs would go easy on the Hawks will make them go harder on the Hawks now will worry the Hawks so they go and complain before the game and then the NFL gets worried that people think the Hawks influenced them so they tell the refs to go even harder on the Hawks. WmHBonney wrote:We all know what happened with the terrible calls in 2005.... I still believe that the officials gift wrapped a retirement present for The Bus.Now, the media is putting a strong Good (Denver) vs Evil (Seattle) spin on this Superbowl. If Schlereth lobbies one more time against the Seattle secondary "mugging" receivers, I am going to puke. We are all hearing how Peyton is in the twilight of his career....etc etc etc, I am just getting a bad feeling that the officiating is not going to be unbiased. It is sad that the media can put such a spin on a game and possibly effect the outcome. This team can overcome bad calls. And even if they do not, it's just a football game. Let's not overreact, this isn't life or death. If you actually see bias from the NFL, the correct move is to stop watching the NFL. I know it's easier said than done, but whatever.	2024-05-02T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/4893
We encourage you to '''[[Funtoo Linux Installation\|install Funtoo Linux]]''', and get involved in our user community. Get to know fellow Funtoo Linux users on our '''[http://forums.funtoo.org forums]'''. If you have any improvements or find any bugs in Funtoo Linux, you are strongly encouraged to report them on our '''[http://bugs.funtoo.org bug tracker]'''. We take all bugs seriously, and all work performed on Funtoo Linux is tracked on our bug tracker, for purposes of transparency. + + Funtoo Linux has a very active [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC IRC] community on Freenode, in the <code>#funtoo</code> channel, and you are encouraged to hang out online with us. + + == Expand the wiki! == + + The [[:Help:Funtoo_Editing_Guidelines \| How to 'wiki']] will help get you started on wiki editing. Have a look at [[Requested-Documents]] and [[:Category:Needs_Updates \| pages that need to be updated.]] + + See [[:Category:Ebuilds\|Ebuilds]] for a list of all ebuild pages, and [[Adding an Ebuild to the Wiki]] for information on how to add one. + + '''Ebuild pages recently updated:''' {{#ask: [[Category:Ebuilds]] + \| order=descending + \| sort=Modification date + \| format=list + \| limit=10 + \| searchlabel=more... + }} + </div><div class="col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4"> + == Distinctives == + + Funtoo Linux packages are installed from source code, automatically, thanks to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portage_(software) Portage ports system], inspired by the FreeBSD ports system, but written in Python and with full advanced package management functionality. Funtoo Linux is a meta-distribution, which means it is built (fully automatically) with the functionality and optimizations that ''you'' want, not what some distro maintainer thought was best for you. + + We use [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Git_(software) Git] for all our development, and we also use Git to deliver our ports tree to you. Funtoo Linux is led by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Robbins_(computer_programmer) Daniel Robbins], the creator and former Chief Architect of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentoo_Linux Gentoo Linux], who serves as benevolent dictator for life (BDFL) of the project. Getting Started We encourage you to install Funtoo Linux, and get involved in our user community. Get to know fellow Funtoo Linux users on our forums. If you have any improvements or find any bugs in Funtoo Linux, you are strongly encouraged to report them on our bug tracker. We take all bugs seriously, and all work performed on Funtoo Linux is tracked on our bug tracker, for purposes of transparency. Funtoo Linux has a very active IRC community on Freenode, in the #funtoo channel, and you are encouraged to hang out online with us. Distinctives Funtoo Linux packages are installed from source code, automatically, thanks to the Portage ports system, inspired by the FreeBSD ports system, but written in Python and with full advanced package management functionality. Funtoo Linux is a meta-distribution, which means it is built (fully automatically) with the functionality and optimizations that you want, not what some distro maintainer thought was best for you. We use Git for all our development, and we also use Git to deliver our ports tree to you.	2024-05-19T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/9388
Familial prevalence of autoimmune disorders in multiple sclerosis in Northern Greece. The objective of this study was to evaluate for up to 7 years the prevalence of autoimmune disorders among naïve (untreated) multiple sclerosis family members compared with a contemporary general control population in Northern Greece, in a prospective case-control study, and to examine the possible relationship between immunomodulatory treatment and the appearance of additional autoimmune disorders. The patients and controls enrolled comprised 1383 patients with definite MS and 4392 relatives in their families and a total of 452 controls families with 1652 members. At baseline, 891 multiple sclerosis families with 3112 members (73 multiplex multiple sclerosis families with 292 members and 818 simplex families with 2820 members) and 355 control families with 1580 members were examined regarding whether they had any of 12 autoimmune diseases. The baseline affected multiplex plus simplex multiple sclerosis families, the family members and the coexistent additional autoimmune disorders were higher compared with controls. There was an increase in longitudinally affected multiple sclerosis families, multiple sclerosis family members and coexistent additional autoimmune disorders compared with respective findings at the baseline observation. Comparison analysis between two time point observations (after a mean 7.1 +/- 2.2 years) for each autoimmune disorder in overall multiple sclerosis family members revealed increased rates for longitudinal autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, psoriasis and vitiligo (p = 0.02, p = 0.006, p = 0.0004, p = 0.05, and p = 0.05, respectively). Some 145 newly developed, longitudinally definite autoimmune cases were recognized in multiplex plus simplex multiple sclerosis families; 116 (80%) of these disorders were observed in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with immunomodulatory medications, and 68 of these 116 (58.6%) cases exhibited baseline positive autoreactive antibodies. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that immunotherapy predisposes to autoimmunity (odds ratio 2.8, p < 0.001) independently of the presence of baseline autoantibodies and patients' gender. There is a longitudinally increased frequency of additional autoimmune disorders among multiple sclerosis family members, probably related to immunomodulatory therapy.	2024-03-22T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/8376
Saturday, July 10, 2010 Bootboi 01 A light rain fell out of the raw night sky, a mist really, that formed halos around the overhead lighting. David walked out of the booking hall and turned right towards the club under the railway tracks down the street. Ancient brick walls glistened with wet, and water pooled here and there on the worn sidewalk. A late commuter train thundered and screeched overhead. Almost there. It had been a twenty-five minute journey from home, but he'd reached his destination at last. The trip involved two Tube changes, and he'd been thrilled to hear the echoing thud of his THICK BLACK WESCO Engineers with heavy Vibram lug soles in the tiled tunnels as he moved between lines. In his mind, it sounded nothing like the constant clacking of the thousand shoes around him. His steps were thick and heavy, and carried a special weight. Knowing that under his long Matrix-style leather coat he wore only a black rubber neck entry catsuit, long leather gauntlets and tall black leather biker boots both excited and scared him. What if any of the commuters surrounding him in the tunnels or on the Tube knew what he was wearing under this coat? What if they knew what he hoped to get up to tonight? It was both thrilling and frightening at the same time, but it felt good. A drizzle of pre-cum squished inside his catsuit as he walked. ENCASED IN RUBBER and COATED IN LEATHER, he'd sweated buckets standing in the overheated car as it rushed through the underground, and now that he was outside again he felt the sheen of sweat on his forehead and around his neck instantly turn cold in the chill air. Nice. He scanned the scattering of motorbikes outside The Hoist, and several leather-jacketed men who stood between them and the doorway, taking last drags on their cigarettes before going in. No familiar faces here, so he made his way into the club. Music that had been muffled outside became almost physical in the dim interior, assaulting his senses until he grew accustomed to it. He paid his cover charge and checked his leather coat, storing the token and a few bills in small pocket on the inside of the leather band he wore on his wrist. He made his way through the press of LEATHER AND RUBBER COVERED FLESH for a quick scan around the club to look for familiar faces – and one face in particular – but when that drew a blank he made his way back to the front bar and ordered a pint. He stood against the bar, then looked around for HOODER, the man he'd arranged to meet here last week. There he was, in a dimly-lit corner leaning against a wall. He nodded towards David, acknowledging his presence, but nothing more. He wore a black Muir cap with silver trim and chain. A brass winged eagle was pinned to the centre of the peak. The bill was pulled down far over his nose which was why it had been so hard to recognize him earlier. He wore Hi-Shine Chippewas, skin-tight leather breeches and a leather police shirt just visible under his PADDED LANGLITZ COP JACKET. He wore a thick Sam Browne belt over the jacket. A LACE-UP LEATHER HOOD hung from a clip on the left side of the belt. The laces ran up both sides of the hood and were tied at the neck. Six snaps held a mouthpiece in place, but nothing covered the eyeholes, even though there were snap fittings to take one. A LEATHER DOG COLLAR also hung from the belt, and a 3 foot length of metal chain looped down the side of his Langlitz breeches. He looked incredible in his gear, and David was very impressed. He'd worn much the same gear last weekend – including the hood and dog collar hanging from the left side of the belt. David had followed him around the bar like a puppy before eventually working up enough courage to approach him and start up a conversation, saying that he was fascinated by HOODER's big boots and the hood hanging from his belt and wondered what it would take to wear that hood padlocked onto his own head and kneel before his heavy leather boots. HOODER asked David if he wanted to put it on and go do something with it, but David was nervous about getting together for locked play without a little confidence that the guy was OK. "OK then," HOODER replied. "I understand not wanting to do anything heavy with a stranger. Tell you what, look me up on some of the sites, check out some of my play buddies and the comments they've posted. If you still want to wear the hood, and worship my boots, let's meet back here next Saturday." So having performed due diligence over the week, David now found himself facing HOODER again, more confident that this was what he really wanted to do. "On your knees," HOODER growled, and David immediately dropped to the floor. HOODER unclipped the BLACK LEATHER HOOD from his belt and worked it over David's head. He pulled a SMALL BRASS PADLOCK from a zippered panel on his LANGLITZ COP JACKET and snapped it shut on the buckle of the hood. "From now on you are BOOTBOI, and I will address you only as BOOTBOI for the duration of our time together," he told the hooded victim at his feet. "The padlock's key is back at the Cellblock. You can destroy the hood taking it off on your own, you can wear it home on the trains if you've got the balls for it, or you can come to the Cellblock with me and I can take off the hood there after we've gotten to know each other better and come to an understanding." BOOTBOI went weak in the knees at these words, fearful of what he had gotten himself into. "Please Sir, take me to the Cellblock with you," BOOTBOI begged through the TIGHT LEATHER HOOD LOCKED TO HIS HEAD. The snap-on mouthpiece had no interior gag, so his voice was only slightly muffled by the leather and in no other way restricted. The restraint was more psychological than physical – although the brass padlock did limit what he could do in the 'real' world. He could speak through the hood, but knew better than to say more than necessary. "You asked for this," HOODER chuckled. "Remember you asked for it." HOODER roughly pulled his hooded boi across the bar and out into the chilly night. The earlier mist had turned into a heavier rain, but that didn't make much of a difference to HOODER in his THICK BLACK LANGLITZ GEAR, or to the rubber encased boi. BOOTBOI hardly gave a thought for the leather coat he'd checked – hopefully he could come back and pick it up again another day. Hopefully. HOODER walked down the row of muscle bikes and took a spare black helmet from one of the big Harleys lined up there and helped BOOTBOI work it into place over the padlocked leather hood. It fit fine, as HOODER knew it would. This was not the first time somebody'd worn it with a leather hood underneath. He snapped the visor down over the face opening, and now BOOTBOI was a totally anonymous thing. As you might guess from his name, HOODER got off on faceless, anonymous subs and enjoyed the look of his handiwork standing submissive in front of him. Might be a fun night, he thought. He mounted the bike then waited while the hooded and helmeted boi clad only in a black rubber catsuit, leather gauntlets and tall WESCOs worked his way onto the pillion. After he was sure BOOTBOI was in place behind him and felt his arms around his waist, he started up the dark Harley. The bike growled into gear and HOODER pulled out onto the road. It was a fantastic feeling riding through the midnight streets of the city wearing only a black rubber catsuit, WESCO boots, leather hood and helmet, holding firmly to the leather-jacketed figure in front of him. He felt exposed – almost naked - as though everyone around him could see him literally wearing his fetish on his sleeve. This was not at all like the covert train trip down here, covered in a long coat and attempting to 'pass'. This was in-your-face fierce: Rain spotted the helmet's plastic visor and splashed against his BODY-HUGGING BLACK LATEX CATSUIT. Headlights and streetlights shone off his TOTALLY ENCASED BODY. The roar of the engine filled his ears and the vibration of the machine between his legs rippled through his body as they roared together across the city towards The Cellblock. BOOTBOI clung firmly to HOODER's waist and watched the thinning traffic around them as they left the congested core and its glass and metal towers behind and raced through mile after mile of rain slick streets. As near as he could tell, nobody gave his black rubber gear even a second look, mistaking it for racing gear or maybe a leather suit. Even when they stopped at traffic lights from time to time, the faces in the cars around him gave him no more than a passing glance. What looks there were seemed to be reserved for HOODER's OVERSIZED LANGLITZ GEAR. No part of HOODER's flesh was exposed either. From the neck of his black helmet to the soles of his Hi-Shine Chippewas, he was completely encased in THICK BLACK LEATHER. He'd rolled up the collar of his TIGHT-FITTING LANGLITZ PATROL JACKET, and zipped it right up to the top to keep out the wind. His FLARED BLACK LEATHER RANGERS fitted snugly into the top of his 17" Chippewas, and he gripped the powerful bike's handlebars with hands encased in LARGE BLACK-LEATHER GAUNTLETS. A BLACK LEATHER KNIGHT. MASULINE. AUTHORITATIVE. IN CONTROL. He weaved through the night-time streets with confidence, and BOOTBOI relaxed into his SUBMISSIVE ROLE. HOODER seemed to be a man he could trust to take charge. This was almost as exciting as riding the Tube in his gear – maybe even more so, because now his head was LOCKED IN AN ALL-ENCASING LEATHER HOOD under the dark-visored helmet – something he'd never have gotten away with on the trains – and he was clinging to the hard body of a big man wearing a COP-STYLE ZIPPERED LANGLITZ JACKET AND BREECHES and HIGH DOMINEERING BOOTS. He felt the bike suddenly gear down as HOODER turned onto a side street. The Harley's roar dropped to a low growl as it crept halfway down another lane and turned into a yard surrounded by a very high wooden fence. Still seated, HOODER walked the bike up to a small outbuilding – maybe a tool shed or small garage - where three bikes were already parked. He maneuvered the heavy machine into line with the others, kicked the stand into position and shut off the engine. The silence was almost deafening after the 40-minute bike ride and BOOTBOI's ears throbbed with the engine's echo, filling the void left by the cooling motor. "Welcome to The Cellblock," HOODER said as he stepped off the bike and pointed towards the house before them. He helped his passenger from the bike and lifted the helmet's visor so BOOTBOI could see where he was.	2023-10-09T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/3778
--- abstract: 'The first law of thermodynamics states that the average total energy current between different reservoirs vanishes at large times. In this note we examine this fact at the level of the full statistics of two times measurement protocols also known as the Full Counting Statistics. Under very general conditions, we establish a tight form of the first law asserting that the fluctuations of the total energy current computed from the energy variation distribution are exponentially suppressed in the large time limit. We illustrate this general result using two examples: the Anderson impurity model and a 2D spin lattice model.' author: - Tristan Benoist - 'Vojkan Jakši'' c' - Annalisa Panati - Yan Pautrat - 'Claude-Alain Pillet' bibliography: - 'article\_PRB.bib' - 'article.bib' title: Full statistics of energy conservation in two times measurement protocols --- Recent technical advances in the control of nanoscale systems have enabled the experimental study of out of equilibrium thermodynamics in the quantum regime [@P15; @BLR05; @DD11; @CINT13; @JPAGCJP13; @BAPCDL12; @TSUMS10; @KSSYKSMAP13; @KRBMGUIE12]. These new experiments allow for the assessment of fluctuations in addition to the mean heat and particle currents, thus leading to a renewed theoretical investigation of the related quantum thermodynamic laws. One of the basic questions in this context concerns the energy flow between two initially isolated large systems $A$ and $B$. The purpose of this note is to study some consequences of energy conservation on the statistical properties of this flow. By the first law, the average work performed by the interaction coupling the two systems is equal to the average heating of the combined system: $$\Delta W_t=\Delta Q_t=\Delta Q_t^A+\Delta Q_t^B. \label{no-way}$$ In the case of a sudden switching on/off of the interaction $V$, the average heating is given by $$\Delta Q_t= -\langle V\rangle_t+\langle V\rangle_0 \label{really}$$ where $\langle \,\cdot \,\rangle_t$ denotes the expectation with respect to a suitable system state at time $t$. Whenever $V$ is bounded, (\[really\]) gives $$\lim_{t\rightarrow \infty}\frac{\Delta Q_t}{t}=0. \label{sunny}$$ The individual energy currents $\Delta Q_t^{A/B}/{t}$ are also expected to reach steady values $J^{A/B}$. They satisfy $J^A=-J^B$, and are non-vanishing for systems out of equilibrium. This note concerns the statistical character of the first law related to the thermodynamics of open quantum systems at the mesoscopic scale. Our main result is a refinement of relation (\[sunny\]). It states that the fluctuations of the total energy current are exponentially suppressed in the large time limit. The nature of work in quantum physics is more subtle than in classical physics [@talkner]. In the 1990’s Lesovik and Levitov introduced the concept of the Full Counting Statistics (FCS) in the study of charge transport [@LL]. The use of the FCS in the definition of work in quantum physics appeared in the early 2000’s in the works of J. Kurchan and H. Tasaki on the extension of the fluctuation relations to quantum systems [@kurchan; @Tasaki]. The emerging idea is that in quantum mechanics work should not be understood as an observable. Instead, the work performed during a given time period is identified with the energy variation $\Delta E$ observed in a repeated measurement protocol where the system energy is measured at the beginning and at the end of the period. The distribution of the measured energy variation, $\mathbb P_t(\Delta E)$, is the work FCS (we comment on terminology in footnote [^1]). This change of perspective opened a whole new area of research [@esposito; @campisi]. In particular, it allowed for the extension of the fluctuation relations to quantum systems [@Jarzynski; @kurchan; @esposito; @campisi; @JOPP; @Tasaki]. The fluctuation relations are intimately related to the second law of thermodynamics and have been extensively studied [@kurchan; @Tasaki; @esposito; @campisi; @Crooks; @Jarzynski; @ES; @JOPP]. Regarding the first law, the well known identity $${\mathbb E}_t(\Delta E)=\Delta Q_t$$ and give $$\lim_{t\rightarrow \infty}{\mathbb E}_t\left(\frac{\Delta E}{t}\right)=0 \label{paris-hell}$$ where ${\mathbb E}_t$ denotes the expectation with respect to the FCS distribution ${\mathbb P}_t$ [@talkner; @JOPP]. In this note we sharpen (\[paris-hell\]) by showing that, under very general conditions, the exponential moment $${\mathbb E}_t\left({{\rm e}}^{\alpha_m\|\Delta E\|}\right)$$ remains bounded as $t\to\infty$ where the constant $\alpha_m>0$ is a measure of the regularity of the interaction $V$ (see (\[main\]) below). Until recently, the first law and energy conservation in the FCS setting have received little attention in the literature. In the case where $A$ and $B$ are thermal reservoirs, the FCS of the total energy current was previously studied theoretically in [@AGMT]. The works [@JPPP; @BFJP] concern the FCS of energy transfer in the thermalization process of a finite level quantum system in contact with a thermal bath, a problem which is radically different from the one considered here. We also emphasize that here we are only interested in the FCS of the total energy, and not in the FCS of the individual energy variations $\Delta E^{A/B}$. We start with a system described by a finite dimensional Hilbert space ${\cal H}^{(L)}$ where the superscript $L$ refers to the size of the system. Taking $L\rightarrow \infty$ corresponds to the thermodynamic limit. The limiting objects will be denoted without the superscript. Let $H^{(L)}=H_A^{(L)}+H_B^{(L)}$ be the Hamiltonian of the joint but non-interacting system $A+B$. The evolution between the two measurements of $H^{(L)}$ is generated by $H_V^{(L)}=H^{(L)}+V^{(L)}$, where $V^{(L)}$ denotes the interaction coupling $A$ and $B$. The initial state is described by the density matrix $\rho^{(L)}$. Let $P_e^{(L)}$ denote the projection on the eigenspace associated to the eigenvalue $e$ in the spectrum ${{\rm sp}}(H^{(L)})$. The measurement of $H^{(L)}$ at initial time $t=0$ gives $e$ with probability ${{\rm tr}}(P_e^{(L)}\rho^{(L)})$. After the measurement the system is in the projected state $$P_e^{(L)}\rho^{(L)}P_e^{(L)}\big/ {{\rm tr}}(P_e^{(L)}\rho^{(L)}).$$ The second measurement of $H^{(L)}$ at a later time $t$ gives $e^\prime$ with probability $${{\rm tr}}\left(P_{e^\prime}^{(L)}{{\rm e}}^{-i t H_V^{(L)}}P_e^{(L)}\rho^{(L)}P_e^{(L)}{{\rm e}}^{i t H_V^{(L)}}\right)\big/ {{\rm tr}}(P_e^{(L)}\rho^{(L)}).$$ It follows that the probability of observing the energy variation $\Delta E$ in this measurement protocol is $${\mathbb P}_t^{(L)}(\Delta E)=\sum_{e^\prime-e =\Delta E}{{\rm tr}}\left(P_{e^\prime}^{(L)}{{\rm e}}^{-i t H_V^{(L)}}P_e^{(L)}\rho^{(L)}P_e^{(L)}{{\rm e}}^{i t H_V^{(L)}}\right).$$ The moment generating function of the Full Counting Statistics ${\mathbb P}_t^{(L)}$ is $$\begin{aligned} \chi^{(L)}_t(\alpha)=& \int_{{\mathbb R}}{{\rm e}}^{\alpha\Delta E}{{\rm d}}\mathbb P_t^{(L)}(\Delta E)\\ =&{{\rm tr}}\left({{\rm e}}^{\alpha H^{(L)}}{{\rm e}}^{-it H_V^{(L)}} {{\rm e}}^{-\alpha H^{(L)}}\tilde \rho^{(L)} {{\rm e}}^{it H_V^{(L)}}\right) \label{airport}\end{aligned}$$ where $$\tilde \rho^{(L)}=\sum_{e\in {{\rm sp}}(H^{(L)})} P_e^{(L)} \rho^{(L)} P_e^{(L)}.$$ We assume that for $\alpha$ purely imaginary, the limit $$\lim_{L \rightarrow \infty}\chi_t^{(L)}(\alpha)=\chi_t(\alpha) \label{airport}$$ exists and is a continuous function of $\alpha$. This assumption is harmless and easy to verify in most concrete models of physical interest. By Levy’s continuity theorem [@gut], (\[airport\]) implies that the thermodynamic limit $\lim_{L\to \infty} \mathbb P_t^{(L)}=\mathbb P_t$ exists. The probability distribution ${\mathbb P}_t$ is the FCS of the thermodynamic system. Let $$\begin{aligned} R^{(L)}(\alpha)=&2\|\alpha\|\max_{-1\leq s\leq1}\\|{{\rm e}}^{s\frac{\alpha}{2} H^{(L)}} V^{(L)}{{\rm e}}^{-s\frac{\alpha}{2} H^{(L)}}\\|\end{aligned}$$ and $$R(\alpha)=\sup_L R^{(L)}(\alpha).$$ Note that $R(\alpha)$ takes values in $[0, \infty]$ and is an even function. Moreover, $R(\alpha)\geq R(\alpha^\prime)$ if $\alpha \geq \alpha^\prime\geq 0$. Our regularity condition is that there exists $\alpha_m>0$ such that $$R(\alpha_m)<\infty. \label{main}$$ We emphasize that (\[main\]) is the only regularity assumption we require and that no further hypothesis on the dynamical behaviour of the system is needed. We also make no assumptions on the initial state of the system. Our main result is the following strengthening of (\[paris-hell\]): [Theorem]{} For all $t>0$, $${\mathbb E_t}\left({{\rm e}}^{\alpha_m \|\Delta E\|}\right)\leq 2 {{\rm e}}^{R(\alpha_m)}. \label{montreal-hell}$$ An immediate consequence of this result and Chebyshev’s inequality [@gut] is that for any $\epsilon >0$, $${\mathbb P}_t\left(\frac{\|\Delta E\|}{t}\geq \epsilon\right)\leq 2{{\rm e}}^{-t \epsilon \alpha_m + R(\alpha_m)}. \label{proof}$$ Note that if $R(\alpha)<\infty$ for all $\alpha$, then $$\mathbb P_t\left(\frac{\|\Delta E\|}{t}\geq \epsilon\right)\leq 2 {{\rm e}}^{R(C/\epsilon)-Ct} \label{strong}$$ for any $C>0$. The estimates (\[proof\]) and (\[strong\]) can be interpreted in terms of the large deviation theory [@DemboZeitouni] (see [@BJPPP]). For example, (\[strong\]) implies that the large deviation rate function of the random variable $\|\Delta E\|/t$ satisfies $I(s)=\infty$ for $s\not=0$, and that the large deviations are completely suppressed in the large time limit. The main novelty of our proof is the derivation of a time independent bound for $\chi_t^{(L)}$ inspired by the bounds proposed in [@AGMT]. The derivation is based on two well-known inequalities. The first is $${{\rm tr}}(XY)\leq \\|X\\|{{\rm tr}}(Y)$$ which holds for any two non-negative matrices $X, Y$. The second states that for any two self-adjoint matrices $T, S$, $$\\|{{\rm e}}^{T+S}{{\rm e}}^{-T}\\|\leq{{\rm e}}^{\max_{0\leq s\leq 1}\\|{{\rm e}}^{sT}S{{\rm e}}^{-sT}\\|}. \label{afternoon-hell}$$ To prove this inequality, let $\Gamma(s)={{\rm e}}^{s(T+S)}{{\rm e}}^{-sT}$. Then one has $$\partial_s\Gamma(s)=\Gamma(s) {{\rm e}}^{s T} S {{\rm e}}^{-sT},\,\, \Gamma(0)={\mathbb I}.$$ Using $$\\|\partial_s \Gamma(s)\\|\leq\\|\Gamma(s)\\|\\|{{\rm e}}^{sT}S{{\rm e}}^{-sT}\\|$$ and Gronwall’s inequality we obtain (\[afternoon-hell\]). The bound (\[afternoon-hell\]) is similar but unrelated to the bound (3.10) of [@lenci05]. The proof of (\[montreal-hell\]) proceeds as follows. For $\alpha$ real we set $$X={{\rm e}}^{-\frac{\alpha}{2}H_V^{(L)}}{{\rm e}}^{\alpha H^{(L)}}{{\rm e}}^{-\frac{\alpha}{2}H_V^{(L)}}$$ and $$Y={{\rm e}}^{-{{\rm i}}t H_V^{(L)}} {{\rm e}}^{\frac{\alpha}{2}H_V^{(L)}}{{\rm e}}^{-\frac{\alpha}{2} H^{(L)}}\tilde\rho^{(L)} {{\rm e}}^{-\frac{\alpha}{2} H^{(L)}}{{\rm e}}^{\frac{\alpha}{2}H_V^{(L)}}{{\rm e}}^{{{\rm i}}t H_V^{(L)}}$$ (note that $\tilde \rho^{(L)}$ and $H^{(L)}$ commute). Observe that $$\chi_t^{(L)}(\alpha)={{\rm tr}}(XY)$$ and that $X, Y$ are non-negative matrices. We then use the first inequality to derive the estimate $$\chi_t^{(L)}(\alpha)\leq \\|X\\|{{\rm tr}}(Y)$$ where $$\\|X\\|=\\|{{\rm e}}^{-\frac{\alpha}{2}H_V^{(L)}}{{\rm e}}^{\frac{\alpha}{2} H^{(L)}}\\|^2$$ and $${{\rm tr}}(Y)= {{\rm tr}}\left( {{\rm e}}^{\frac{\alpha}{2}H_V^{(L)}}{{\rm e}}^{-\frac{\alpha}{2} H^{(L)}}\tilde\rho^{(L)} {{\rm e}}^{-\frac{\alpha}{2} H^{(L)}}{{\rm e}}^{\frac{\alpha}{2}H_V^{(L)}}\right).$$ The cyclicity of the trace gives $${{\rm tr}}(Y)={{\rm tr}}\left({{\rm e}}^{-\frac{\alpha}{2} H^{(L)}}{{\rm e}}^{\alpha H_V^{(L)}}{{\rm e}}^{-\frac{\alpha}{2} H^{(L)}}\tilde\rho^{(L)}\right).$$ Applying the first inequality once again and using that ${{\rm tr}}(\tilde \rho^{(L)})=1$, we derive $${{\rm tr}}(Y)\leq \\|{{\rm e}}^{\frac{\alpha}{2}H_V^{(L)}}{{\rm e}}^{-\frac{\alpha}{2} H^{(L)}}\\|^2.$$ Hence $$\chi_t^{(L)}(\alpha)\leq \\|{{\rm e}}^{-\frac{\alpha}{2}H_V^{(L)}}{{\rm e}}^{\frac{\alpha}{2} H^{(L)}}\\|^2\\|{{\rm e}}^{\frac{\alpha}{2}H_V^{(L)}}{{\rm e}}^{-\frac{\alpha}{2} H^{(L)}}\\|^2.$$ Using the second inequality with $$T=\mp \frac{\alpha}{2} H^{(L)}, \qquad S=\mp \frac{\alpha}{2} V^{(L)},$$ we obtain $$\chi_t^{(L)}(\alpha)\leq {{\rm e}}^{R^{(L)}(\alpha)}.$$ The regularity assumption (\[main\]), the existence of the limit (\[airport\]) for purely imaginary $\alpha$’s, and Vitali’s convergence theorem (see Appendix B in [@JOPP]) give that for all complex $\alpha$ with real part ${\rm Re}(\alpha)$ in $(-\alpha_m, \alpha_m)$, the limit $\lim_{L\to\infty} \chi_t^{(L)}(\alpha)=\chi_t(\alpha)$ exists. Moreover, for such $\alpha$’s, $$\chi_t(\alpha)=\int_{{\mathbb R}}{{\rm e}}^{\alpha\Delta E}{{\rm d}}\mathbb P_t(\Delta E)$$ and $$\|\chi_t(\alpha)\|\leq {{\rm e}}^{R({\rm Re}(\alpha))}.$$ It follows that $$\|\chi_t(\pm \alpha_m)\|\leq e^{R(\alpha_m)}.$$ The last estimate gives $${\mathbb E}_t\left({{\rm e}}^{\alpha_m \|\Delta E\|}\right)\leq\chi_t(-\alpha_m)+\chi_t(\alpha_m)\leq 2 {{\rm e}}^{R(\alpha_m)}$$ and the theorem follows. #### Spin–fermion models. Electronic transport through a 1D-lattice containing a single magnetic impurity is a typical problem involving bounded interactions. The Anderson model [@Anderson; @Hewson] commonly used to study this question is a specific example of a general class of spin–fermion models to which our main theorem applies. The study of the FCS of charge transport through the impurities in such models is an active field of research[@GK06; @GK06b; @SGK07; @SKG07; @SOKT11]. We emphasize, however, that here we are only concerned with the statistics of the total energy. The impurity is described by a quantum dot supporting four different eigenstates: empty, occupied by a single electron with either spin up or spin down, or occupied by two electrons with opposite spins. The remaining parts of the lattice, regarded as fermionic (say left and right) reservoirs at different chemical potentials, are described in the tight binding approximation. Here, the subsystem $A$ is the left side of the lattice together with the impurity. The lattice right side is the subsystem $B$. The operator $c_{l/r,\sigma}^\ast(x)$ ($c_{l/r,\sigma}(x)$) creates (annihilates) an electron with spin $\sigma$ at the lattice site $x$ of the left ($x<0$)/right ($x>0$) reservoir. Similarly, the operator $d_\sigma^\ast$ ($d_\sigma$) creates (annihilates) and electron with spin $\sigma$ in the dot. The anti-commutation relations $\{c_{l/r,\sigma}(x),c^\ast_{l/r,\sigma'}(x')\}=\delta_{x, x'}\delta_{\sigma,\sigma'}$ and $\{d_\sigma,d_{\sigma'}^\ast\}=\delta_{\sigma,\sigma'}$ hold while the $c$ operators commute with the $d$ operators. We use the shorthand $c_{l/r,\sigma}(\phi)=\sum_{x}\overline{\phi}(x)c_{l/r,\sigma}(x)$. The reservoir Hamiltonians are $$H_{l}=\sum_{\sigma=\pm;x,x'<0\atop \|x-x'\|=1}c^\ast_{l,\sigma}(x)c_{l,\sigma}(x^\prime),$$ with a similar expression for $H_r$. Let $h_{l/r}$ be the discrete Laplacian of the left/right part of the lattice. Since $h_{l/r}$ is a bounded operator, $${{\rm e}}^{\alpha H_{l/r}}c_{l/r,\sigma}(\phi){{\rm e}}^{-\alpha H_{l/r}}=c_{l/r,\sigma}({{\rm e}}^{\alpha h_{l/r}}\phi)$$ for all real $\alpha$. In particular, for all $\alpha$, $$\\|{{\rm e}}^{\alpha H_{l/r}}c_{l/r,\sigma}(\phi){{\rm e}}^{-\alpha H_{l/r}}\\|<\infty. \label{what}$$ The total Hamiltonian is $$H=H_{{\mathcal S}}+H_l+H_r$$ where $H_{{\mathcal S}}=\epsilon\sum_{\sigma}d_\sigma^\ast d_\sigma+Ud_+^\ast d_+d_-^\ast d_-$ is the Hamiltonian of the dot. Regarding the subdivision in A/B subsystem, we have $H_A=H_l+H_{{\mathcal S}}$ and $H_B=H_r$. The coupling of the conduction electrons with the dot is described by $$V=\sum_{\sigma}\left(d_\sigma^\ast(c_{l,\sigma}(v_{l,\sigma})+c_{r,\sigma}(v_{r,\sigma})) + {\rm h.c.}\right) $$ for some coupling functions $v_{l/r,\sigma}(x)$. In the context of the Anderson model, the superscript $L$ refers to the confinement of the reservoirs to the finite part of the lattice defined by $\|x\|\le L$. Such confinement is necessary to allow for a meaningful definition of the repeated measurement protocol leading to the FCS. The limit $L\rightarrow \infty$ restores the extended reservoirs. It follows from relation (\[what\]) that $R(\alpha)$ is finite for all $\alpha$, and that our theorem holds for all $\alpha_m>0$. Hence we have inequality : $$\mathbb P_t\left(\frac{\|\Delta E\|}{t}\geq \epsilon\right)\leq 2{{\rm e}}^{R(C/\epsilon) - Ct}$$ for any $\epsilon>0$ and any $C>0$. We also note that one can consider instead the FCS of $H'=H_l+H_r$ by setting $V'=H_{{\mathcal S}}+V$. Then $H'_A=H_l$ and $H'_B=H_r$. One then obtains the same result by replacing $\Delta E$ with $\Delta E'$. The energy of the impurity is irrelevant in the large time limit. #### Spin systems. Another popular class of models involving bounded interactions are locally interacting spin systems. In [@BJPPP] we prove that, under general conditions, our theorem applies to locally interacting spin systems in arbitrary dimension. Moreover, for 1D spin systems with finite range interactions, Araki’s results [@Araki00] give that $R(\alpha)<\infty$ for all $\alpha$, and hence that our theorem holds for all $\alpha_m>0$. We restrict ourselves to the description of a simple example. Consider a 2D square lattice of $\frac12$-spins. Let $\Lambda_L\subset{{\mathbb Z}}^2$ be the finite sub-lattice of size $2L\times 2L$. We denote by $\Lambda_L^\pm$ its left/right half. Subsystems $A$ and $B$ are the spins in $\Lambda_L^-$ and $\Lambda_L^+$ respectively (see Figure \[Fig1\]). ![A partitioned finite spin system $A+B$. Solid lines represent the nearest neighbour coupling $J$ and dashed lines the interaction $K_{x,y}$ between the $2$ subsystems.[]{data-label="Fig1"}](spins.pdf) The system Hilbert space is ${{\mathcal H}}^{(L)}=\bigotimes_{x\in\Lambda_L} {{\mathbb C}}^2$. The Hamiltonian is that of an XY-spin model where the spins on $\Lambda_L^-$ do not interact with that on $\Lambda_L^+$ [^2]: $$H^{(L)}=H^{(L,-)}+H^{(L,+)},$$ with $$H^{(L,\pm)}=-\frac{J}{2}\sum_{x,y\text{ nearest}\atop\text{ neighbors in }\Lambda_L^\pm} \left(\sigma_{x}^{(1)}\sigma_y^{(1)} + \sigma_{x}^{(2)}\sigma_y^{(2)}\right),$$ where $J$ is a coupling constant. The interaction is $$V^{(L)}=-\frac{1}{2}\sum_{x\in\Lambda_L^-,y\in\Lambda_L^+} K_{x,y} (\sigma_x^{(1)}\sigma_{y}^{(1)} + \sigma_x^{(2)}\sigma_{y}^{(2)}),$$ where $$K_{x,y}=\frac\epsilon{1+x_2^2}$$ if $x=(0,x_2)\in\Lambda_L^-$ and $y=(1,x_2)\in\Lambda_L^+$ and $K_{x,y}=0$ otherwise. The boundary between the two halves of the lattice is between the lines $x_1=0$ and $x_1=1$. Note that the interaction intensity decreases as one moves away from $(0,0)$. An assumption of this type is necessary if $V^{(L)}$ is to remain bounded in the thermodynamic limit $L\rightarrow \infty$. For this model one can show that there exists $\alpha_m>0$ such that (\[main\]) holds and that our theorem applies. Hence we have inequality : $$\mathbb P_t\left(\frac{\|\Delta E\|}{t}\geq \epsilon \right)\leq 2 {{\rm e}}^{-t\epsilon\alpha_m+R(\alpha_m)}$$ for any $\epsilon>0$. #### Discussion. Under a general condition on the regularity of the interaction evolution in imaginary time, we have proven a sharp form of the first law of thermodynamics for the FCS of energy variation. Our result holds for any initial state of the system. If one assumes that systems $A$ and $B$ are initially in thermal equilibrium at temperatures $T_A$ and $T_B$, then the suppression of the fluctuations of the total energy current can be also proven by following the arguments of [@AGMT]. Under additional assumptions it is possible to deal with cases where several reservoirs drive the joint system towards a non-equilibrium steady state and to derive properties of the joint distribution of the energy variations in each part of the system. A more strict condition on $R(\alpha)$ allows for the generalization of a symmetry of the limiting cumulant generating function proposed in [@AGMT]. Combined with time reversal invariance this leads to Onsager’s reciprocity relations. We investigate these topics in [@BJPPP]. In the present note we have limited ourselves to bounded interactions. The case of unbounded interactions (an example is the spin-boson model) is more technical and requires a separate analysis based on an application of Ruelle’s quantum transfer operators [@JOPP]. Although the physical picture emerging from this analysis is of an independent interest, the final results are much less general than in the case of bounded interactions [@deroeck; @JPPP2]. The research of T.B. was partly supported by ANR project RMTQIT (grant ANR-12-IS01-0001-01). T.B. also wishes to thank Technische Universität München and Pr. M. M. Wolf for his hospitality during the last weeks of work on this note. The research of T.B. and Y.P. was partly supported by ANR contract ANR-14-CE25-0003-0. Y.P. also wishes to thank UMI-CRM for financial support, and McGill University for its hospitality. The research of T.B. and V.J. was partly supported by NSERC. The research of A.P. was partly supported by NSERC and ANR (grant 12-JS01-0008-01). The research of C.-A.P has been carried out in the framework of the Labex Archimède (ANR-11-LABX-0033) and of the A\MIDEX project (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02), funded by the “Investisements d’Avenir" French Government programme managed by the French National Research Agency (ANR). [^1]: The use of term [Counting]{} in the above context is slightly misleading. In non-trivial cases, the energy variation (or work) $\Delta E$ is not a discrete quantity in the thermodynamic limit. Nevertheless the name Full Counting Statistics* is usually used in the literature for the distribution emerging from the repeated measurement protocol we just described. [^2]: The matrices $\sigma_x^{(j)}$ act non trivially only on the site $x$ copy of ${{\mathbb C}}^2$ with the corresponding Pauli matrix: $\sigma_x^{(j)}=\bigotimes_{y\in{{\mathbb Z}}^2, x\neq y} {{\rm Id}}\otimes \sigma^{(j)}$.\ $\sigma^{(1)}=\left(\begin{array}{cc}0&1\\1&0\end{array}\right), \sigma^{(2)}=\left(\begin{array}{cc}0&-{{\rm i}}\\{{\rm i}}=&0\end{array}\right),\sigma^{(3)}=\left(\begin{array}{cc}1&0\\0&-1\end{array}\right)$.	2023-09-04T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/3766
829 P.2d 447 (1991) The PEOPLE of the State of Colorado, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Mi Sun DeBOER, Defendant-Appellant. No. 89CA1517. Colorado Court of Appeals, Div. V. September 26, 1991. Rehearing Denied November 21, 1991. Certiorari Granted May 18, 1992. Cross-Petition for Certiorari Denied May 18, 1992. 448 Gale A. Norton, Atty. Gen., Raymond T. Slaughter, Chief Deputy Atty. Gen., Timothy M. Tymkovich, Sol. Gen., Robert M. Petrusak, Asst. Atty. Gen., Denver, for plaintiff-appellee. David F. Vela, Colorado State Public Defender, Frances Smylie Brown, Chief Appellate Deputy Public Defender, Denver, for defendant-appellant. Cross-Petition for Certiorari Denied (DeBoer) May 18, 1992. Opinion by Judge PLANK. Defendant, Mi Sun DeBoer, appeals from the judgments of conviction entered by the court upon a finding that she was guilty of attempted first degree murder and first degree assault. We affirm in part and reverse in part. This prosecution arose from an incident in which defendant stabbed her boyfriend and then proceeded to stab herself. Ten days later, a detective of the Sheriff's department and a special agent of the U.S. Air Force took a statement about the incident from defendant while she was a patient in a hospital. The defense filed a motion to suppress that statement and, additionally, filed a motion to impose sanction against two prosecution witnesses for violating the sequestration order during the suppression hearing. The trial court denied the motion to suppress and declined to impose sanctions concerning the sequestration order. Following a trial to the court, defendant requested to have the prosecution elect to pursue either the attempted first degree murder or the first degree assault charge. The trial court denied the motion and found defendant guilty on both counts, imposing consecutive sentences of twenty-four years and one day for attempted murder and sixteen-years and one day for first degree assault. I. Defendant first claims that the trial court erred in denying her motion to suppress certain incriminating statements made by her during the interview conducted by the detective and the special agent. Defendant argues that she was in custody while being interviewed, and in the absence of Miranda warnings, her statements were constitutionally involuntary. We disagree. Under Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966), an individual must be informed of her rights when being interrogated in a custodial setting. However, confinement to a hospital bed is insufficient alone to establish custody. Instead, the question of custody is answered by an objective assessment of whether a reasonable person in the suspect's position would believe herself to be deprived of her freedom of action in any significant way. People v. Viduya, 703 P.2d 1281 (Colo.1985). Relevant factors in making such an assessment include: "`[T]he time, place and purpose of the encounter; the persons present during the interrogation; the words spoken by the officer to the defendant; the officer's tone of voice and general demeanor; the length and mood of the interrogation; whether any limitation of movement or other form of restraint was placed on the defendant during the interrogation; the officer's response to any questions asked by the defendant; whether directions were given to the defendant during the interrogation; and the defendant's verbal or nonverbal response to such directions.'" People v. Trujillo, 784 P.2d 788 (Colo.1990) (quoting People v. Thiret, 685 P.2d 193 (Colo.1984). Similarly, voluntariness of a confession or inculpatory statement must be determined by considering the totality of circumstances. Mincey v. Arizona, 437 U.S. 385, 98 S.Ct. 2408, 57 L.Ed.2d 290 (1978); People v. Smith, 716 P.2d 1115 (Colo.1986). The burden of proof is on the People to establish by a preponderance of the 449 evidence that the statements were voluntary. People v. DeBaca, 736 P.2d 25 (Colo. 1987). A confession or inculpatory statement is involuntary if coercive governmental conduct played a significant role in inducing the statement. Colorado v. Connelly, 479 U.S. 157, 107 S.Ct. 515, 93 L.Ed.2d 473 (1986). At the suppression hearing, the trial court evaluated the issues of custody and voluntariness in view of the totality of circumstances. It found that the interview took place in the hospital room which defendant shared with another patient. The detective and the special agent both testified that the defendant was alert and attentive and that she spoke well and cooperated with the detective willingly. Although the defendant was confined to her hospital bed during the interview, the court found that there were no physical restraints on defendant at the time of the interview nor did the actions of the officers restrain defendant in any way. And, although morphine had been given to her earlier that day, expert medical testimony indicated that the morphine would not have affected defendant's ability to think, speak, and understand the situation. Assessing these circumstances in their entirety, the trial court found that the officers did not conduct the interview in a coercive manner. There is evidentiary support for the trial court's finding here that defendant was not in custody at the time she made the statements to the officers. Also, there is evidence to support the trial court's finding that defendant's statements were voluntary. Accordingly, these findings will not be disturbed on appeal. People v. Quezada, 731 P.2d 730 (Colo.1987). II. Defendant next contends the trial court abused its discretion in not imposing sanctions against prosecution witnesses for violating the sequestration order. We disagree. Matters relating to the sequestration of witnesses and violations of sequestration orders are within the trial court's sound discretion. Absent an abuse of discretion, the decision not to impose sanctions will be upheld. People v. Watkins, 191 Colo. 440, 553 P.2d 819 (1976); People v. Wieghard, 727 P.2d 383 (Colo.App.1986). Here, the trial court determined that defendant was not prejudiced by the comments exchanged between prosecution witnesses outside the courtroom. We agree with this conclusion and, accordingly, find no abuse of discretion. III. Defendant's third contention is that the trial court erred in denying her motion under § 18-1-408, C.R.S. (1986 Repl.Vol. 8B) to require the People to elect which charge to pursue against her. We disagree. Section 18-1-408, C.R.S. (1986 Repl.Vol. 8B) provides: "(2) If the several offenses are known to the district attorney at the time of commencing the prosecution and were committed within his judicial district, all such offenses upon which the district attorney elects to proceed must be prosecuted by separate counts in a single prosecution if they are based on the same act or series of acts arising from the same criminal episode. Any offense not thus joined by separate count cannot thereafter be the basis of a subsequent prosecution. "(3) When two or more offenses are charged as required by subsection (2) of this section and they are supported by identical evidence, the court upon application of the defendant may require the state, at the conclusion of all the evidence, to elect the count upon which the issues shall be tried. If more than one guilty verdict is returned as to any defendant in a prosecution where multiple counts are tried as required by subsection (2) of this section, the sentences imposed shall run concurrently; except that, where multiple victims are involved, the court may, within its discretion, impose consecutive sentences." (emphasis added) 450 As indicated by the General Assembly's use of the permissive "may," the trial court is not legally bound to require an election. People v. Heller, 698 P.2d 1357 (Colo.App. 1984), rev'd on other grounds, 712 P.2d 1023 (Colo.1986). Therefore, we hold that the trial court did not err in not requiring the People to elect. People v. Bowman, 669 P.2d 1369 (Colo.1983). IV. However, when the offenses are supported by identical evidence, and guilty verdicts are returned as to each, the statute does bind the trial court to sentence defendant concurrently when the People do not elect a count. People v. Jiron, 796 P.2d 499 (Colo.App.1990); People v. Bowman, supra. Hence, since we agree with defendant that the evidence supporting each offense is identical, we also agree with her contention the trial court was required to impose concurrent sentences. The trial court relied on Qureshi v. District Court, 727 P.2d 45 (Colo.1986) to support its conclusion that the two offenses involved here were not supported by identical evidence. In Qureshi, defendant was convicted of first degree assault after heat of passion and attempted manslaughter after heat of passion. There, defendant stabbed his wife twice in the abdomen while they were in the kitchen. The trial court determined that these wounds supported the assault charge. The wife then received permission from her husband to go to the bathroom. When the wife closed the bathroom door, defendant forced it open, backed her against the wall, raised his knife, and brought it down toward her throat. When the wife raised her hand to defend herself, defendant cut it. This cut and the actions relating to it, the trial court found, supported the manslaughter charge. Our supreme court affirmed the rulings of the trial court. Here, defendant first stabbed the victim in the stomach and drug the knife in a downward motion to the victim's groin. The trial court determined that this wound supported the attempted murder charge. Defendant, immediately thereafter, stabbed the victim in other parts of his body, including the shoulder and chest. These wounds, the trial court found, supported the assault charge. Although these cases appear to be analogous, we conclude that Qureshi is distinguishable from this matter. In Qureshi there was a break in time and change in circumstances between the wounds that supported the separate charges. In contrast, here, defendant engaged in a continuous attack of the victim. There was no hiatus between the stabbings or circumstance to support separate charges. We, thus, disagree with the trial court's holding that the charges against defendant were not based on identical evidence. Consequently, we conclude that the trial court erred in imposing consecutive sentences. The judgment of conviction is affirmed. That portion of the sentence requiring that the sentence imposed be served consecutively is vacated, and the cause is remanded with directions that the sentences be served concurrently. NEY, J., concurs. JONES, J., dissents. Judge JONES dissenting. I respectfully dissent from Parts III and IV of the majority opinion. I conclude that the trial court abused its discretion in allowing the defendant to be convicted of both attempted first degree murder and first degree assault, although not for the reasons asserted by the defendant. I concede that it was not, per se, an abuse of discretion to deny the defendant's motion to elect. People v. Anderson, 187 Colo. 171, 529 P.2d 310 (1974) (construing a predecessor statute to § 18-1-408(3), C.R.S. (1986 Repl.Vol. 8B)). However, having denied that motion, the trial court, alternatively, could find the defendant guilty of attempted first degree murder or guilty of first degree assault, but not both. See People v. Tippett, 733 P.2d 1183 (Colo. 1987). 451 Thus, as in Tippett, the court's failure to require an election by either the prosecution or the trier of fact constitutes "an abuse of discretion that requires reversal" of one of the defendant's convictions. I, therefore, dissent from the majority's holding in Part III. Furthermore, as to Part IV of the majority opinion, I conclude that the trial court erred, as a matter of law, in entering judgments of conviction as to both charges. Thus, the issue of consecutive or concurrent sentences under § 18-1-408(3) should not be addressed on appeal. I would, therefore, remand this matter to the trial court for vacation of the judgment and sentence as to one of the charges.	2023-11-18T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/9294
Q: How do I update ASP.NET MVC partial view asynchronously? I am trying to asynchronously update a table of data based on the user's selection from a drop-down. Using stuff I've read here and elsewhere, I've been trying to use a partial view to accomplish this. My code looks something like this: Home.cshtml: <body> <div id="main-region"> <div class="mySelector"> <label class="dropdown-label">Filter: </label> @Html.DropDownListFor(m => m.SelectedStatus, Html.GetEnumSelectList(typeof(MyEnum)), new { @id = "mySelector" }) </div> <div id="myPartialView"> @Html.Partial("_Summary", Model) </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="~/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $('#mySelector').change(function () { var newSelectionID = $(this).val(); $('#myPartialView').load('@Url.Action("Filter", "Home")') //syntax for including newSelectionID? }); </script> _Summary.cshtml is just a simple table. HomeController.cs: [HttpGet] public IActionResult Filter(string statusID) { var modelData = mService.GetData(statusID); return PartialView("_Summary", model); } I'm stuck on two things: I can't even seem to get this to hit my Filter method server-side. I'm not sure how to pass back the user-selected value. I'm obviously missing something. Can anyone help me out? I'm using asp.net core. Thanks very much. A: Your code might be crashing because you are not passing the statusID parameter to your method and i see you are using the parameter value to get the model data needed for the partial view. If the code crashes, the server will return a 500 Internal error status code in the response and the div (myPartialView) will not be updated with the content. Since your action method is decorated with GET attribute, you may pass the value in querystring. This should work $(function() { $('#mySelector').change(function() { var v = $(this).val(); $('#myPartialView').load('@Url.Action("FilterOnStatus", "Home")?statusID=' + v); }); });	2023-10-30T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/2574
T.M. Ferguson House The T.M. Ferguson House is a historic house on Canaan Street in Marshall, Arkansas. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a hip roof, clapboard siding, and two interior brick chimneys. A porch extends across part of the front, supported by a variety of columns, including some Victorian-style turned posts. The house was built between 1900 and 1903 by T.M. Ferguson, and is of local architectural significance for its vernacular hip roof. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Searcy County, Arkansas References Category:Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Arkansas Category:Houses in Searcy County, Arkansas Category:National Register of Historic Places in Searcy County, Arkansas	2024-06-23T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5939
Latest Information Security news from ireland and around the world The privacy threat of IoT device traffic rate metadata Even though many IoT devices for smart homes encrypt their traffic, a passive network observer – e.g. an ISP, or a neighborhood WiFi eavesdropper – can infer consumer behavior and sensitive details about users from IoT device-associated traffic rate metadata. Examining IoT smart home devices A group of researchers from the Computer Science Department of Princeton University have proven this fact by setting up smart home laboratory with a passive network tap, and examining the traffic rates of four IoT smart home devices: a Sense sleep monitor, a Nest Cam Indoor security camera, a WeMo smart outlet, and an Amazon Echo smart speaker. Separating recorded network traffic into packet streams and associating each stream with an IoT device is not that hard. “Once an adversary identifies packet streams for a particular device, one or more of the streams are likely to encode device state. Simply plotting send/receive rates of the streams (bytes per second) revealed potentially private user interactions for each device we tested,” the researchers noted. What could someone do with this data? The adversary could, thusly, work out a particular user’s sleeping patterns (and problems), presence in the home, or use of the intelligent personal assistant service Alexa. While this might not seem like much of a privacy problem now, consider the fact that we are sure to have and use many more specialized IoT devices in the future. Also, consider the fact that some of these devices will be related to your healthcare or physical security. Would you like your ISP or another adversary knowing what you do every waking moment of your life or what ailments you have? Encryption alone is not the answer The researchers noted that encryption alone does not provide adequate privacy protection for smart homes, as their analysis did not rely on deep packet inspection, just send/receive rates of encrypted traffic. “A systematic solution for preserving consumer privacy would therefore require ob- fuscating or shaping all smart home traffic to mask variations that encode real world behavior,” they pointed out, and added that such a solution should ideally not negatively impact IoT device performance, should respect data limits, and should not require modification of proprietary device software. Strategies for increasing privacy In a subsequently published paper, the same researchers have offered four strategies that device manufacturers and third parties can implement to protect consumers’ privacy from such intrusions. Those include: Blocking outgoing connections to deprive an observer of smart home device data Encrypting DNS queries to prevent an observer from identifying devices Tunneling all smart home traffic through a VPN, preventing an observer from correlating tunneled traffic originating from a smart home to individual devices. Shaping or injecting traffic to limit an observer’s confidence when identifying devices or inferring behaviors, either by masking interesting traffic patterns or spoofing devices that are not on the network. The researchers are aware that each of these solutions is not currently ideal. For example, all the tested IoT devices have limited or no functionality when firewalled to prevent communication outside of the smart home LAN, and that’s something that definitely won’t work both for users and manufacturers. But, on the other hand, developers should consider how their devices default to a ‘minimum reliable product’ in the face of limited Internet connectivity. Ultimately, though, policymakers should also do their part by mandating protections for consumers, they concluded, as the side-channel privacy threat of traffic rate metadata will continue to grow along with the market for IoT smart home devices.	2023-10-08T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/8404
Is Apple stepping on a university's toes with its A7 processor design? The Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF) has filed suit against the company, claiming that the iPhone 5S, iPad mini with Retina Display, and iPad Air all benefit from an information processing system developed at the University of Wisconsin - Madison and patented in 1998. The lawsuit asks for unspecified damages and an injunction stopping the sale of any product containing the A7 processor without a licensing payment — both are standard requests for these lawsuits, although WARF is asking for damages to be tripled because Apple knew of the patent and therefore willfully infringed on it. WARF, an independent group that acts as the university's patent enforcement arm, has a mixed reputation. Unlike a purely private "troll" that buys and sells patents for litigation, WARF specifically licenses inventions that were developed by university researchers. Nonetheless, its sizable portfolio and questions about the larger effect of its lawsuits on companies and other researchers led Business Insider to dub it one of the "most fearsome patent trolls" in 2012. Whether Apple infringed on the design, and what the patent even covers, are both questions that will only be answered after a long process of discovery and argument. Apple, however, may well settle before that point. In 2013, it was one of several companies sued by Boston University, which said it held the patent to a display technology used in the iPhone and iPad. The university announced last month that it had settled with 25 of the roughly three dozen companies involved in the suit, and while it didn't disclose the licensing fee or mention any of the companies by name, Apple is believed to have been one of the ones that made a deal. This particular patent also has a track record of success: in 2009, Intel settled a WARF lawsuit involving it.	2024-04-10T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/1891
cannondale speed sleeve seatpost pack cannondale speed sleeve seatpost pack on other UK sites Zipp SL Speed SeatpostThe Zipp SL Speed Seatpost is based on their popular Service Course model. It features the same high range of adjustability and a low-profile clamping hardware as seen on Zipps alloy models, but with the added benefit of the stiffness and low weight of carbon fibre Optimise your PositionWith the SL Speeds high adjustability range, you can position the saddle exactly where you Zipps SL Speed Seatpost has become a favorite of pro road and cyclocross racers because of its light weight and dependability. Our redesigned SL Speed offers the same range of adjustment as its predecessor, but at a lighter weight. Zipps engineers used SRAMs Exogram technology to make the tube as light weight as possible and optimized our clamping system for adjustability, security, and ease of This new SL Speed offers the same range of adjustment as its predecessor, but at a lighter weight. Zipp’s engineers used SRAM’s Exogram technology to make the tube as lightweight as possible and optimized our clamping system for adjustability, security, and ease of use. What’s more, the SL Speed is available in a 400mm length to accommodate road bikes with compact frame geometry. Monitor your performance in real time with this Cadence and Speed Sensor pack from Garmin. With their lightweight, easy to install and wireless operation, the Garmin Speed and Cadence Sensor relay real time information right to your Garmin GPS Unit. The Cadence Sensor is designed to fit any size crank arm and accurately records pedalling strokes per minute so you can train at your optimal cadence. Build your own 8-bit blocky world with Qixels – the cubes that fuse with a blast of water! The 3D refill pack contains 300 3D cubes to be used with the 3D maker (sold separately) create a variety of super cool characters and objects. A great gift for ages four and up. The ProKennex X-Speed pack includes two squash rackets designed to provide the player with excellent power. Each racket has a a graphite shaft for more stiffness and strength and a 76in2 (490cm2) head with an open string pattern for extra spin. They are both head light balanced for improved manoeuvrability and come supplied with racket covers. At Door furniture direct we sell high quality products at great value including Self Drill Plasterboard Fixings In Packs Of Ten from our Wall Plugs & Plasterboard Fixings range. We also offer free delivery when you spend over GBP50. cannondale speed sleeve seatpost pack on USA sites Install this alloy suspension seatpost onto your bike to keep the seat secure on even the roughest of rides. Setting up this seatpost is quick and easy, so you can get back on your bike as soon as possible. Type: Other Accessories Gender: Unisex Material: Aluminum Color: Silver The Saucony Speed of Lite short sleeve T-shirt is incredibly lightweight with Ventlite mesh panels for targeted ventilation. Made of four way stretch fabric, the T-shirt offers incredible moisture management to keep you comfortable. X-Static XT2 features anti-odour and anti-microbial performance to keep runners fresh and dry. Finished with a hidden rear pocket, slight drop tail and UPF protection Scrap to Stock to Supercar: Endlessly fine-tune your performance through each of the five distinct car classes (Race, Drift, Off-Road, Drag, and Runner), to turn the tables on the competition in any race, mission, or challenge. Find abandoned vehicles scattered throughout the world to build your perfect car from the ground up. Collect, win, or buy the hottest after-market parts and craft a fleet Catit Senses Speed Circuit. The Catit Senses Speed Circuit provides endless opportunities for your cat to chase around an illuminated ball and get all the exercise that it needs. The Speed Circuit sends your cat all around trying to get its paws on the ball and provides it with lots of energy. The track can be redesigned any way you like and with individual tracks sold separately, you can make Golden A5 Single Speed Clipper These incredibly versatile clippers with their cooling face plate will make your job easier, handling everything from general purpose grooming to precision clipping, on any coat type. Smooth, quiet, reliable, and cool-running, these clippers deliver the same high-quality performance as the two-speed version, and are compatible with A5 Cryogen-X & Elite Cryogen-X For when arms require a little warmth but still want to keep the fun-factor weve crafted these story telling long sleeves t-shirts. In soft cotton and with a new line-up of rather interesting applique characters.	2024-03-25T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/6920
Q: Galois group and degree of splitting field over complex rational functions. Suppose $F=\mathbb C (t)$ the field of rational functions over $\mathbb C$. let \begin{equation}f(x)=x^6-t^2\in F[x]\end{equation}Denote $K$ as the spliting field of $f$ over $F$. I'm trying to calculate $[K:F]$ and $\textrm{Gal}(K/F)$. I noticed that \begin{equation}f(x)= (x^3-t)(x^3+t)\end{equation} but I'm not sure how to determine $[K:F]$. also, why is it obvious that $t^\frac13\not\in F$? A: For your last question, let $u = v/w \in F$ in irreducible form. Then $u^3 = v^3/w^3$ is also in irreducible form, and can't equal $t$ (or $-t$) because the degree of its numerator is a multiple of $3$. Now if $\alpha$ is a root of $f$, then so is $-\alpha$ because $(-\alpha)^3 = -\alpha^3$ so if $\alpha$ is a root of one factor, then $-\alpha$ is a root of the other. Hence $K$ is the splitting field of $x^3-t$ (or $x^3+t$). Now, if $\alpha$ is a root of $x^3-t$, then so are $\alpha e^{2i\pi/3}$ and $\alpha e^{4i\pi/3}$, so $K = F(\alpha)$ and $[K:F] = 3$. And thus $\mathrm{Gal}(K/F)$ has order $3$, and is isomorphic to $\mathbf{Z}/3\mathbf{Z}$.	2024-04-01T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/7996
Option to drain Forestville Dam mill pond forwarded to County Board for consideration Two Door County committees have sent a recommendation to the County Board that the mill pond at the Forestville dam be drained, then refilled.(Photo: Peter J. Devlin/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin) A petition calling for a halt to a planned draining of the mill pond at Forestville Dam County Park was submitted ahead of Thursday morning's meeting of two Door County Board committees. Lora Jorgensen, an organizer of the recently formed Friends of Forestville Dam group, said 470 people signed the petition and that more signatures are being sought. However, during the meeting, the committees approved forwarding a resolution to the County Board calling for a gradual draining of the pond beginning late this year, allowing sediment to dry and harden over two summers, then refilling the pond – a process officials said would kill off invasive vegetation and cure most problems at the park. The County Board is expected to act on the resolution at its 10 a.m. meeting Jan. 22. The Door County Soil and Water Conservation Committee and the Facilities and Parks Committee held the joint session Thursday to act on a recommendation from the Door County Soil and Water Conservation Department. The department staff was ordered three years ago to develop a plan for reversing the deterioration of the approximately 94-acre pond that sits above the dam on the Ahnapee River. There have been several dams on the river at that location since the 1870s. The current dam dates to 1982. “We were asked to do something because the mill pond was dying,” said Facilities and Parks Committee Chairman Dan Austad to the audience of more than two dozen people. A 2016 study involving department Conservationist Greg Coulthurst updated the findings of a 1996 study in which he was also involved. The conservation department then worked late last year with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources to study the structure of the current dam, which indicated the structure would last another 50 years if maintained. The staff also met with stakeholders – people with an interest in the pond. A list of 10 options, including dredging the portion of the pond owned by Door County, was narrowed to three: removing the dam, lowering the water level or doing nothing. Jorgensen, of the Friends of Forestville Dam group, argued that local residents, including property owners on the pond, “were not invited to any of these stakeholder discussions.” In a statement, Jorgensen said, “We are completely opposed to any draw down, but support dredging at the county park.” Coulthurst said at a Dec. 19 informational meeting that dredging the portion of the pond owned by the county – 39 acres – would cost $750,000, considerably more than the proposed drain and refill plan would cost. Others speaking at Thursday's meeting said the county should develop and put in place a program to stop upstream runoff washing into the pond before doing anything else.	2024-05-09T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/7941
Delhi's air quality on brink of turning severe: Authorities Delhi is seeing a cleaner spell as wind direction is south-easterly, reducing the impact of stubble burning. Besides overpopulation and dust, one of the main reasons of increasing air pollution levels in Delhi is crop burning by the farmers in the neighboring states of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. "The moisture intrusion over Delhi and surrounding regions due to the westerlies disturbances will increase with effect from November 4 to enhanced holding capacity of atmosphere resulting in increase in PM2.5 levels", the SAFAR website said. On Wednesday, nearly all places in the NCR saw a drop in the the major pollutants PM2.5 and PM10 - particles in the air with diameters less than 2.5 mm and 10 mm respectively. Data according to CPCB's central control room showed Delhi NCR's average PM2.5 levels to be around 166 micrograms per cubic metre at 7pm on Saturday, while Delhi's average PM10 levels at the same time were around 315 micrograms per cubic metre. The PM10 reading in Delhi stood at 333, which is in the "poor" category. "Air quality is likely to deteriorate on November 3 as a result of post westerly disturbances which are likely to hit over Western Himalayas today", SAFAR said. "The Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) also spotted a large number of biomass fire spots through satellite imageries in neighboring states of Delhi", on Tuesday. Authorities said the AQI of Delhi would remain in the upper range of the "very poor" category till November 5, and thereafter, it could see severe deterioration due to unfavourable meteorological conditions. Burning of farmlands in neighboring states of Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan, use of older and more polluting vehicles and unfavorable weather conditions with low-speed winds which have failed to disperse pollutants, have all contributed to this alarming situation. From Thursday, there will be a halt of all construction activities involving excavation. As part of the emergency measures, the Delhi Pollution Control Committee has asked all stone crushers and hot mix plants to remain shut during the period. The Delhi government told the Supreme Court on Thursday that out of 1.10 crore vehicles registered in the national capital, 40 lakh "overage" vehicles - more than 15 years in case of petrol and 10 years for diesel - have been de-registered by the transport department. EPCA has ordered closing down the entire industrial area of Mundka in north Delhi from November 1 to November 10 while the municipal corporation clears plastic, rubber and other wastes. He emphasized the need for taking action which can lead to local containment of pollution and which is visible to the people.In addition to the above it was also directed that Government of Delhi shall immediately deploy 400 water sprinklers/ tankers as already committed. Related: But due to their post-fight shenanigans, both McGregor and Khabib are dealing with the Nevada State Athletic Commission (NSAC). Last year's Mayweather-McGregor clash set the record of being the second highest pay-per-view fight of all time. India's Supreme Court issued a hunting order for T1 in September, ruling that she could be killed if tranquilisers failed. But urban spread as the population of 1.25 billion grows has increasingly eaten into the territory of wild animals. Financial help is available for individuals with annual incomes up to $48,560; for a family of four the income limit is $100,400. The Health Insurance Marketplace, healthcare.gov, was established by the Affordable Care Act, passed by Congress in 2010. Target's multipronged release of holiday-season deals and specials marks a strategy to plant flags early in the eyes of consumers. The retailer has always been a favored campout spot for hard-core deal seekers on TVs , games and other consumer electronics. The UFC returns with its next pay-per-view offering Saturday, Nov. 3, with UFC 230 at Madison Square Garden in NY . No one expected Lewis to ever get this opportunity and he can derail the Cormier-Lesnar plans in one fell swoop. Of course, they let loose a few choice words about the rival Yankees, too. "I don't know why I did that", Price said with a laugh. After throwing just six pitches of relief in Game 3, Eduardo Rodriguez largely stymied the Dodgers over the first five innings. For instance, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg's bullish goal to monetize WhatsApp has driven away the company's original cofounders. Previously WhatsApp charged an annual $1 fee to users after their first year using the service, but this was abandoned in 2016. There were a record 7.1 million job openings in the economy in August, compared with only some 6.2 million unemployed. Wage growth was boosted by a surge in transportation and warehousing, likely reflecting a shortage of truck drivers. Magic Johnson Scolds Luke Walton over Lakers' Poor Start Walton, 38, owns a 64-108 record as an National Basketball Association head coach since being hired by the Lakers in 2016. Coaching LeBron James isn't always easy and coaching James with the Los Angeles Lakers might be even tougher. Nazis Target Oprah And Stacey Abrams In Robocalls Oprah is urging Georgians to make history by electing the first black female Democrat to sit as governor of the state. McDowell said Thursday that Winfrey's campaign efforts on behalf of Abrams is "going to get that woman elected". Bonfire Night 2018: fireworks displays and events in Sleaford Cherry Hill Park, Ely: Crowds can enjoy barbecue food, take part in a Guy competition and help raise money for local charities. Penwortham Town Football Club, hosting their free bonfire at Vernon Carus Sports Club in Factory Lane this year on November 3. A flu vaccine could save your life The flu vaccine doesn't prevent against all flu-causing viruses, but it is formulated to protect against the most common ones. Be careful about touching your face after you touch surfaces because influenza and other viruses and vermin can be on them. ‘Ramos makes more mistakes than me!’ Ramos and Lovren squared off in the final of the Champions League in May, with the Spanish centre-back coming out on top in Kiev. Liverpool face Arsenal in the Premier League on Saturday, before travelling to Serbia to face Red Star Belgrade on Tuesday. A new Diablo chapter, Diablo Immortal, arriving on Android soon The team says the game is only coming to iOS and Android for now, and it's doubling down on the choice to keep this game mobile. When you download the game you will have the option to link your battle.net account and bring your friends list to mobile.	2023-08-27T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/4933
Seth Carlson '93 has been working at NIH since 2003 on the CRIS (Clinical Research Information System) project to create an electronic health record for patients and support medical research. Grace Brannigan '97 earned a PhD in physics from the University of California-Santa Barbara and is currently a postdoc in computational biophysics at University of Pennsylvania. She will be joining the faculty in the Temple University Chemistry Department this fall. Jennifer Helgeson '02 has received a Graduate Research Fellowship from the National Science Foundation. Starting this fall, she will be at the Grantham Institute at the London School of Economics investigating the behavioral economics of climate change. Christie Chew '02 is teaching physics at a public high school in San Francisco. Charlene Ng '04 is currently enrolled in a one-year Special Master's Program at Georgetown University, majoring in Physiology and Biophysics. Sam Wen '04 currently works for the Boeing Company while pursuing an M.S. in Electrical Engineering and an M.S. in Computer Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis. Vivek Chellapa '05 graduated Magna Cum Laude at Brown with a BSc in Neuroscience and is now taking a year off before appplying to medical school.	2024-06-19T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/6611
Q: windows 2003 - Backup File server Witch is the way to backup file server including directory structure and file permissions? For now, I'm backing up on DVD the files directly, but I want to backup also the Security ACL, It is possible? A: Based on your comment above, it sounds like you're going to need to use NTBackup. It's native to Server 2003. See this Technet article on backing up the system state. A quick Google search yields results on setting up jobs using command line parameters.	2023-10-16T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/7337
Q: Dynamic settingslogic settings I'm using the settingslogic gem in my Rails app (Ruby 2.0.0p247 / Rails 3.2.13). I can dynamically change a setting when it is not nested e.g. #config/settings.yml defaults:&defaults mysetting: 1 nested: myothersetting: 2 Settings[:mysetting] = 10 Settings.mysetting # puts 10 But I am unable to change a nested attribute in the same way: Settings[:nested][:myothersetting] = 20 Settings.nested.myothersetting # puts 2 What am I doing wrong? A: I'm not sure what version of ruby & rails you're using, but I tried using a similar setup as your yaml file and was presented with an error about bad parsing. I think that a key which has something nested underneath it cannot also have a value. That said, I experienced similar behavior - the hash-based accessor for nested values set/returned the expected values while the method-based accessor returned the value from the file and did not get the updates: # config/settings.yml defaults: &defaults thing1: 1 thing2: 2 nest: thing3: 3 development: <<: *defaults 2.0.0p247 :001 > Settings[:nest][:thing3] = 30 => 30 2.0.0p247 :002 > Settings[:nest][:thing3] => 30 2.0.0p247 :003 > Settings.nest.thing3 => 3 It looks like this could be a bug in the gem, which based on the issue list on github seems to be one of many with nested attributes.	2024-02-09T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/2697
--- abstract: 'Measuring the $\bar\nu_e$ component of the cosmic diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) is the next ambitious goal for low-energy neutrino astronomy. The largest flux is expected in the lowest accessible energy bin. However, for $E\alt15$ MeV a possible signal can be mimicked by a solar $\bar\nu_e$ flux that originates from the usual ${}^8$B neutrinos by spin-flavor oscillations. We show that such an interpretation is possible within the allowed range of neutrino electromagnetic transition moments and solar turbulent field strengths and distributions. Therefore, an unambiguous detection of the DSNB requires a significant number of events at $E\agt15$ MeV.' author: - - title: 'Mimicking diffuse supernova antineutrinos with the Sun as a source[^1]' --- Introduction {#sec:introduction} ============ Neutrino astronomy and oscillation physics both began with the pioneering Homestake observations of solar neutrinos [@Cleveland:1998nv]. For a long time the now common interpretation of the solar neutrino deficit in terms of flavor oscillations was not unique and indeed the apparent time variation of the early data suggested magnetic spin or spin-flavor oscillations as an intriguing possibility in which Lev Okun took a keen interest [@Okun:1986hi; @Okun:1986na]. It was only the KamLAND measurements of reactor neutrino oscillations [@Eguchi:2002dm] that proved beyond doubt that such effects could not play a dominant role. Today the frontiers of neutrino physics have shifted. The upcoming generation of flavor oscillation experiments involves long-baseline laboratory setups using reactors or high-energy beams as sources whereas one frontier of neutrino astronomy relies on high-energy neutrino telescopes. The new low-energy frontier includes solar neutrino spectroscopy and the search for supernova (SN) neutrinos [@Autiero:2007zj]. While a high-statistics neutrino light curve from the next galactic SN would be a dream come true, in the meantime one may plausibly search for the cosmic diffuse SN neutrino background (DSNB) that is provided by all past SNe [@Guseinov; @Hartmann:1997qe; @Ando:2004hc; @Lunardini:2005jf; @Horiuchi:2008jz; @Lunardini:2009ya]. In the energy range $10~{\rm MeV}\alt E\alt30~{\rm MeV}$ the DSNB, with a total flux of order $10~{\rm cm}^{-2}~{\rm s}^{-1}$, exceeds the atmospheric neutrino flux and other backgrounds and could provide interesting information on the stellar core-collapse rate and the corresponding neutrino spectra. Cosmic redshift implies that the expected DSNB peaks at low energies and the largest number of events is expected in the lowest accessible energy bin. The only realistic detection process is inverse beta decay, $\bar\nu_e+p\to n+e^+$, so reactor $\bar\nu_e$ fluxes are an unsurmountable background below about 10 MeV. We here study another background that can be important below about 15 MeV, the $\nu_e\to\bar\nu_e$ conversion of solar neutrinos [@Hartmann:1997qe]. In particular, we consider spin-flavor conversions that are induced by solar magnetic fields if neutrinos are Majorana particles and have sizeable electric or magnetic transition moments [@Schechter:1981hw; @Akhmedov:1988uk; @Lim:1987tk; @Miranda:2003yh; @Miranda:2004nz; @Friedland:2005xh]. While the old spin-flavor interpretation of the solar neutrino deficit would have required a conversion rate of order unity, here a subdominant effect of order $10^{-6}$ is enough to mimic the DSNB for $E\alt15$ MeV. Such a conversion rate can be achieved without extreme assumptions about solar magnetic fields and within the allowed range of neutrino electromagnetic transition moments. The latter, of course, must be much larger than suggested by standard-model physics. If one takes this possibility seriously, the first events observed in the low-energy range can not be uniquely attributed to the DSNB unless there is enough statistics to reconstruct reliable spectral information. To illustrate our point we begin in Sec. \[sec:dsnb\] with a brief review of the DSNB and its detection possibilities. In Sec. \[sec:sun\] we turn to the Sun as a source of antineutrinos due to the spin-flavor conversion mechanism. We discuss our findings in Sec. \[sec:discussion\]. The diffuse supernova neutrino background {#sec:dsnb} ========================================= The $\bar\nu_e$ component of the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) can be expressed as [@Ando:2004hc] $$\label{eq:dsn} \frac{d\phi_{\bar\nu_e}^{\rm DSNB}}{dE}= \frac{1}{H_0} \int\limits_0^{\infty} \frac{dN(E_z)}{dE_z}R_{\rm SN}(z) \frac{dz}{\sqrt{(z+1)^3\Omega_{\rm M}+\Omega_\Lambda}}\,,$$ where $E_z=(1+z)\,E$ is the neutrino energy at redshift $z$, $E$ is the present-day neutrino energy, $N(E_z)$ is the $\bar\nu_e$ spectrum of an individual SN, $R_{\rm SN}(z)$ the cosmic SN rate at redshift $z$, and $H_0=73\,\mbox{km}~\mbox{s}^{-1}~\mbox{Mpc}^{-1}$ the Hubble constant. $\Omega_{\rm M}=0.27$ and $\Omega_\Lambda=0.73$ are the matter and dark energy density, respectively [@Amsler:2008zzb]. To be specific we parametrize the cosmic SN rate in the form [@Ando:2004hc] $$\begin{aligned} R_{\rm SN}(z)&=&4.1\times10^{-3}\,\mbox{yr}^{-1}~\mbox{Mpc}^{-3} \,f_{\rm SN}\,h_{73}\nonumber\\* &\times&\frac{e^{3.4z}}{e^{3.8z}+45} \left[\Omega_{\rm M}+\frac{\Omega_\Lambda}{(z+1)^{3}}\right]^{1/2}\,,\end{aligned}$$ where $f_{\rm SN}$ is a normalization factor of order of unity and $h_{73}$ is $H_0$ in units of $73\,\mbox{km}~\mbox{s}^{-1}~\mbox{Mpc}^{-1}$. The average $\bar\nu_e$ spectrum emitted by a SN is expressed in the quasi-thermal form [@Keil:2002in] $$\frac{dN(E)}{dE}=\frac{(1+\alpha)^{1+\alpha}E_{\rm tot}} {\Gamma(1+\alpha)\bar E^2} \left(\frac{E}{\bar E}\right)^{\alpha}e^{-(1+\alpha)E/\bar E}\,,$$ where we use $\bar E=15$ MeV for the average energy, $\alpha=4$ for the pinching parameter, and $E_{\rm tot}=5\times10^{52}$ erg for the total amount of energy emitted in $\bar\nu_e$. The emitted spectrum is understood after all oscillation effects. The flavor-dependent differences of the antineutrino spectra emitted at the neutrino sphere are not large [@Keil:2002in], so oscillation effects are not a major concern. ![$\bar\nu_e$ fluxes at the Super-Kamiokande site (upper panel) and positron event spectra (lower panel). The DSNB is an estimate for typical parameters (see text). The solar $\bar\nu_e$ fluxes correspond to the effective $\nu_e\to\bar\nu_e$ conversion probability of Eq. (\[eq:flux\]), i.e. $10^{-5}$ at $E=10$ MeV. \[fig:dsn\]](fig1.eps "fig:"){width=".9\columnwidth"} ![$\bar\nu_e$ fluxes at the Super-Kamiokande site (upper panel) and positron event spectra (lower panel). The DSNB is an estimate for typical parameters (see text). The solar $\bar\nu_e$ fluxes correspond to the effective $\nu_e\to\bar\nu_e$ conversion probability of Eq. (\[eq:flux\]), i.e. $10^{-5}$ at $E=10$ MeV. \[fig:dsn\]](fig2.eps "fig:"){width=".9\columnwidth"} The $\bar\nu_e$ component of the DSNB calculated with these assumptions serves as our benchmark case and is shown in Fig. \[fig:dsn\]. The uncertainty in amplitude and spectral shape are considerable and we refer to the literature for a discussion [@Ando:2004hc; @Lunardini:2005jf; @Horiuchi:2008jz; @Lunardini:2009ya]. At low energies, the DSNB is overwhelmed by the background $\bar\nu_e$ flux from reactors. In Fig. \[fig:dsn\] we show an estimate for the Super-Kamiokande site using an approximate analytical expression [@Clemens]. This flux significantly exceeds those expected at other possible locations that have been discussed, for example, by the LENA collaboration [@Wurm:2007cy]. At high energies, the limiting factor is the atmospheric neutrino flux. The estimate shown in Fig. \[fig:dsn\] is based on Ref. [@Gaisser:1988ar]. The only realistic reaction for detecting the DSNB is inverse beta decay $\bar\nu_e+p\to n+e^+$. Therefore, we show in the lower panel of Fig. \[fig:dsn\] the same fluxes modulated with the cross section of this reaction, i.e., the expected event spectra. The largest number of events is expected in the lowest useful energy bin above the reactor background. The most stringent upper limit is $1.08\,{\rm cm}^{-2}~{\rm s}^{-1}$ at 90% CL for $E>19.3$ MeV, obtained by the Super-Kamiokande experiment [@Malek:2002ns]. An actual detection requires tagging the final-state neutrons. In a large future scintillator detector such as the proposed LENA [@Wurm:2007cy] neutron tagging is part of the detection signature. In water Cherenkov detectors, neutron tagging requires gadolinium loading [@Beacom:2003nk], a possibility that is being investigated for Super-Kamiokande. Both detector types probably can lower the energy threshold all the way to the reactor background. Solar Antineutrinos {#sec:sun} =================== If the detection threshold indeed can be lowered to the energy where the reactor background begins to dominate, the first DSNB events would be expected in the lowest energy bin above this boundary. In this range the solar $\nu_e$ flux from the ${}^8$B reaction is more than five orders of magnitude above the baseline DSNB flux shown in Fig. \[fig:dsn\]. Therefore, even a $\nu_e\to\bar\nu_e$ conversion efficiency as small as $10^{-6}$ is enough to provide a significant background. If neutrinos are Majorana particles and have non-zero transition magnetic moments, then solar electron neutrinos can oscillate to antineutrinos in the solar magnetic field [@Schechter:1981hw; @Akhmedov:1988uk; @Lim:1987tk]. Little is known about the interior $B$-field distribution in the Sun. We assume turbulent fields in the convective zone because they are well motivated and lead to the strongest conversion effect [@Miranda:2003yh; @Miranda:2004nz]. For turbulent fields, a simple analytic expression for the $\nu_e\to\bar\nu_e$ conversion probability is [@Miranda:2003yh; @Miranda:2004nz; @Friedland:2005xh] $$\begin{aligned} \label{eq:flux} P&\approx& 10^{-5}S^2 \mu_{11}^2 \left(\frac{B}{20~\mbox{kG}}\right)^2 \left(\frac{3\times10^4~\mbox{km}}{L_{\rm max}}\right)^{p-1} \nonumber\\* &\times& \left(\frac{8\times10^{-5}\,\mbox{eV}^2}{\Delta m_\odot^2}\right)^{p} \left(\frac{E}{10\,\mbox{MeV}}\right)^{p} \left(\frac{\cos^2\theta_\odot}{0.7}\right).\end{aligned}$$ Here $\mu_{11}=\mu_\nu/10^{-11}\mu_{\rm B}$ (Bohr magneton $\mu_{\rm B}=e/2m_e$) is the neutrino transition moment in a two-flavor scenario, whereas $\Delta m_\odot^2$ and $\cos^2\theta_\odot$ are the solar neutrino mixing parameters. $S$ is a factor of order unity describing the spatial configuration of the magnetic field, $B$ is the average strength of the magnetic field at spatial scale $L_{\rm max}$ (the size of the largest eddies at which energy is pumped to generate turbulent motion), and $p$ is the power of the turbulence scaling. A typical case is $p=\frac{5}{3}$ (Kolmogorov turbulence) whereas conservative values for the other field parameters are $B=20$ kG and $L_{\rm max}=3\times10^4$ km [@Miranda:2004nz; @Friedland:2005xh]. Neutrinos with nonvanishing masses and mixings inevitably have nonvanishing electric and/or magnetic transition moments [@Pal:1981rm], which are however proportional to the neutrino masses and therefore extremely small. The best experimental limit on a neutrino transition moment connected to $\nu_e$ was found by the Borexino collaboration to be $\mu_\nu<5.4 \times 10^{-11}\,\mu_{\rm B}$ at 90% CL [@Arpesella:2008mt], while the best reactor limit is $\mu_\nu<5.8 \times 10^{-11}\,\mu_{\rm B}$ at 90% CL obtained by the GEMMA experiment [@Beda:2007hf]. An astrophysical constraint to avoid excessive energy losses by globular-cluster stars is $\mu_\nu<3 \times 10^{-12}\mu_{\rm B}$ [@Raffelt:1990pj; @Raffelt:1992pi]. Using the benchmark values for all parameters as in Eq. (\[eq:flux\]) we show the expected solar $\bar\nu_e$ flux in Fig. \[fig:dsn\]. It is much smaller than the direct KamLAND limit on a possible solar $\bar\nu_e$ flux [@Eguchi:2003gg]. In the energy range above the reactor background and below the upper end of the solar ${}^8$B spectrum, the solar $\bar\nu_e$ flux exceeds the DSNB by about an order of magnitude. A $\mu_\nu$ on the level of the globular-cluster limit still provides a flux comparable to the DSNB. The true DSNB can be smaller than our benchmark by perhaps a factor of ten whereas the solar $B$-field parameters can be more favorable for spin-flavor oscillations. Therefore, it is clear that a first $\bar\nu_e$ detection in this energy bin can be caused by the Sun as a source instead of the DSNB. In this case spin-flavor oscillations would also operate in the SN environment and thus affect the DSNB in that the neutrino and antineutrino source spectra would be partially swapped. This effect introduces an additional uncertainty in the DSNB prediction. Discussion {#sec:discussion} ========== Measuring the expected DSNB is a considerable challenge even with the next generation of low-energy $\bar\nu_e$ detectors such as a Gd-loaded version of Super-Kamiokande or a large-scale scintillator detector like the proposed LENA. Our benchmark DSNB shown in Fig. \[fig:dsn\] provides only a few events per year in a Super-Kamiokande sized detector, and the true flux can be even smaller. The expected spectrum decreases quickly with energy, so the largest event rate is expected in the lowest accessible energy bin, the reactor $\bar\nu_e$ background providing a hard lower boundary near 10 MeV. Therefore, it is tempting to focus on the energy range directly above the reactor background. In this range, up to about 15 MeV, the solar $\nu_e$ flux is huge, about six orders of magnitude larger than the DSNB. Therefore, a small $\nu_e\to\bar\nu_e$ conversion rate is enough to mimic the DSNB in this energy bin. While such a conversion process violates lepton number, neutrinos with mass are usually thought to be Majorana particles and lepton-number violation is naturally present. A conversion probability on the $10^{-6}$ level is naturally found in the framework of spin-flavor oscillations if one assumes the presence of neutrino electric or magnetic transition moments on the level of existing limits and middle-of-the-road assumptions about solar turbulent $B$-field distributions. Detecting a signature for lepton-number violation in the form of solar $\nu_e\to\bar\nu_e$ conversions arguably would be a more fundamental discovery than the DSNB itself. In this sense our arguments can be turned around and the DSNB can be viewed as a background to such a search. Either way, disentangling the DSNB and a signature of solar $\nu_e\to\bar\nu_e$ conversion is extremely difficult except by enough statistics to provide spectral information above the endpoint of the solar neutrino spectrum. Directional information based on the neutron forward displacement in inverse $\beta$ decay requires even larger event rates [@Apollonio:1999jg; @Hochmuth:2007gv]. The uncertainties of the interior solar $B$-fields are large and significant improvements on neutrino magnetic moment limits are not foreseeable. Therefore, a clear detection of the DSNB likely will have to depend on the energy range above the solar neutrino spectrum. Acknowledgments {#acknowledgments .unnumbered} =============== TR thanks Cecilia Lunardini, Omar Miranda and Stan Woosley for valuable and stimulating discussions. TR was supported by a Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship of the European Community, Contract No. MIF1-CT-2005-008553. GR acknowledges partial support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under grant TR27 “Neutrinos and Beyond” and the Cluster of Excellence “Origin and Structure of the Universe.” [99]{} B. T. Cleveland [et al.]{}, “Measurement of the solar electron neutrino flux with the Homestake chlorine detector,” Astrophys. J. [496]{}, 505 (1998). L. B. Okun, M. B. Voloshin and M. I. Vysotsky, “Electromagnetic properties of neutrino and possible semiannual variation cycle of the solar neutrino flux,” Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. [44]{}, 440 (1986) \[Yad. Fiz. [44]{}, 677 (1986)\]. L. B. Okun, M. B. Voloshin and M. I. Vysotsky, “Neutrino electrodynamics and possible consequences for solar neutrinos,” Sov. Phys. JETP [64]{}, 446 (1986) \[Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. [91]{}, 754 (1986)\]. K. Eguchi [et al.]{} \[KamLAND Collaboration\], “First results from KamLAND: Evidence for reactor anti-neutrino disappearance,” Phys. Rev. Lett. [90]{}, 021802 (2003) \[hep-ex/0212021\]. D. Autiero [et al.]{}, “Large underground, liquid based detectors for astro-particle physics in Europe: scientific case and prospects,” JCAP [0711]{}, 011 (2007) \[arXiv: 0705.0116\]. O. Kh. Guseinov, “Experimental possibilities for observing cosmic neutrinos,” Sov. Astron. [10]{}, 613 (1967) \[Astron. Zh. [43]{}, 772 (1966)\]. D. H. Hartmann and S. E. Woosley, “The cosmic supernova neutrino background,” Astropart. Phys. [7]{}, 137 (1997). S. Ando and K. Sato, “Relic neutrino background from cosmological supernovae,” New J. Phys. [6]{}, 170 (2004) \[arXiv:astro-ph/0410061\]. C. Lunardini, “The diffuse supernova neutrino flux, star formation rate and SN1987A,” arXiv:astro-ph/0509233. S. Horiuchi, J. F. Beacom and E. Dwek, “The diffuse supernova neutrino background is detectable in Super-Kamiokande,” arXiv:0812.3157 \[astro-ph\]. C. Lunardini, “Diffuse neutrino flux from failed supernovae,” arXiv:0901.0568 \[astro-ph.SR\]. J. Schechter and J. W. F. Valle, “Majorana neutrinos and magnetic fields,” Phys. Rev. D [24]{}, 1883 (1981) \[Erratum-ibid. D [25]{}, 283 (1982)\]. E. K. Akhmedov, “Resonant amplification of neutrino spin rotation in matter and the solar-neutrino problem,” Phys. Lett. B [213]{}, 64 (1988). C. S. Lim and W. J. Marciano, “Resonant spin-flavor precession of solar and supernova neutrinos,” Phys. Rev. D [37]{}, 1368 (1988). O. G. Miranda, T. I. Rashba, A. I. Rez and J. W. F. Valle, “Constraining the neutrino magnetic moment with anti-neutrinos from the Sun,” Phys. Rev. Lett. [93]{}, 051304 (2004) \[hep-ph/0311014\]. O. G. Miranda, T. I. Rashba, A. I. Rez and J. W. F. Valle, “Enhanced solar anti-neutrino flux in random magnetic fields,” Phys. Rev. D [70]{}, 113002 (2004) \[hep-ph/0406066\]. A. Friedland, “Do solar neutrinos probe neutrino electromagnetic properties?,” arXiv:hep-ph/0505165. C. Amsler [et al.]{} \[Particle Data Group\], “Review of particle physics,” Phys. Lett. B [667]{}, 1 (2008). M. T. Keil, G. G. Raffelt and H. T. Janka, “Monte Carlo study of supernova neutrino spectra formation,” Astrophys. J. [590]{} (2003) 971 \[astro-ph/0208035\]. C. Kiessig, “The diffuse supernova neutrino background,” Diploma thesis, MPI Physik Munich and TU Munich, 2005, \[http://edoc.mpg.de/274820\]. M. Wurm, F. von Feilitzsch, M. Göger-Neff, K. A. Hochmuth, T. Marrodán Undagoitia, L. Oberauer and W. Potzel, “Detection potential for the diffuse supernova neutrino background in the large liquid-scintillator detector LENA,” Phys. Rev. D [75]{} (2007) 023007 \[astro-ph/0701305\]. T. K. Gaisser, T. Stanev and G. Barr, “Cosmic ray neutrinos in the atmosphere,” Phys. Rev. D [38]{}, 85 (1988). M. Malek [et al.]{} \[Super-Kamiokande Collaboration\], “Search for supernova relic neutrinos at Super-Kamiokande,” Phys. Rev. Lett. [90]{}, 061101 (2003) \[hep-ex/0209028\]. J. F. Beacom and M. R. Vagins, Antineutrino spectroscopy with large water Cherenkov detectors,” Phys. Rev. Lett. [93]{}, 171101 (2004) \[hep-ph/0309300\]. P. B. Pal and L. Wolfenstein, “Radiative decays of massive neutrinos,” Phys. Rev. D [25]{}, 766 (1982). C. Arpesella [et al.]{} \[Borexino Collaboration\], “Direct measurement of the $^7$Be solar neutrino flux with 192 days of Borexino data,” Phys. Rev. Lett. [101]{}, 091302 (2008) \[arXiv:0805.3843\]. A. G. Beda [et al.]{}, “The first result of the neutrino magnetic moment measurement in the GEMMA experiment,” arXiv:0705.4576 \[hep-ex\]. G. G. Raffelt, “New bound on neutrino dipole moments from globular cluster stars,” Phys. Rev. Lett. [64]{}, 2856 (1990). G. Raffelt and A. Weiss, “Nonstandard neutrino interactions and the evolution of red giants,” Astron. Astrophys. [264]{}, 536 (1992). K. Eguchi [et al.]{} \[KamLAND Collaboration\], “High sensitivity search for $\bar\nu_e$’s from the Sun and other sources at KamLAND,” Phys. Rev. Lett. [92]{}, 071301 (2004) \[hep-ex/0310047\]. M. Apollonio [et al.]{} \[CHOOZ Collaboration\], “Determination of neutrino incoming direction in the CHOOZ experiment and its application to supernova explosion location by scintillator detectors,” Phys. Rev. D [61]{}, 012001 (2000) \[hep-ex/9906011\]. K. A. Hochmuth, M. Lindner and G. G. Raffelt, “Exploiting the directional sensitivity of the Double Chooz near detector,” Phys. Rev. D [76]{}, 073001 (2007) \[arXiv: 0704.3000\]. [^1]: Contribution to a special issue of Yadernaya Fizika (Physics of Atomic Nuclei) on occasion of Lev Borisovich Okun’s 80th birthday.	2024-06-06T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5080
8th Air Support Operations Squadron The United States Air Force's 8th Air Support Operations Squadron (8 ASOS) was a combat support unit located at Aviano AB, Italy. The 8 ASOS provided Tactical Command and Control of air power assets to the Joint Forces Air Component Commander and Joint Forces Land Component Commander for combat operations. Due to budget constraints, the 8 ASOS was disbanded in 2013. References Category:Air support operations squadrons of the United States Air Force	2023-09-08T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/8044
High frequency of HLA-A0103 allele in a Somali population. We report the existence of class I HLA allele A0103 in an ethnic group (Somali) where this allele has not been reported. This allele was discovered in a study to examine the relationship between HLA alleles and humoral antibody response to measles vaccine among recent immigrants from Somalia to Olmsted County, Minnesota. We initially used polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) to carry out HLA class I typing. Based on PCR-SSP, 55 subjects were assigned the allele HLA-A0101. Following direct DNA sequencing of the PCR products, 37 of the 55 subjects (67.3%) that were initially assigned the A0101 allele were found to actually be A0103. Our data are significant because it demonstrates that many of the previously typed A0101 individuals are actually A*0103 as the SSP or sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes method cannot distinguish between the two alleles. Lastly, this is the first identification of this allele in the homozygous state.	2024-05-16T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/1868
Wood ducks leaving the nest for the first time are rarely seen. But through careful planning Debi Paradiso got video. On the Thursday before Mother’s Day, Sherwood’s Debi Paradiso sat with her camera aimed through a window at a wooden box in her backyard, waiting for her golden goose. Or, more accurately, golden ducklings. Wood ducklings. After more than four hours of waiting, a hen stuck its head out of the nesting box Paradiso's husband had installed in their backyard. After 45 minutes of popping her head in and out, the hen decided it was safe to leave, and she jumped out of the small hole in the box. Twelve flashes of brown and yellow followed one by one, and Paradiso sent her camera into overdrive, capturing the adorable ducklings in their leap of faith. Paradiso, who’s been a birdwatcher for 20 years, said in the six years they’ve had the nesting box in their backyard, she had only witnessed the leap once before, in 2018. Wood ducks follow their mothers and jump from their nests the day after they are born, usually between 7 and 9 a.m. But the jump is over in a matter of minutes, so you have to guess when it might happen, then diligently watch and wait. One way to guess is to monitor when the hen lays her final egg. From that point, she incubates them all for about 30 days before they hatch. The Wood Duck Society, a Minnesota-based nonprofit that promotes education and conservation of wood ducks, recommends a procedure for checking the nest box when the hen is out feeding to determine when the last egg was laid and therefore predict jump day. Paradiso took a different approach. After observing the ducks for a few years, she noticed that the male stopped sitting vigil over the nest after the hen laid her last egg. “He’s a deadbeat dad,” she joked. This year, when she noticed the male left, she counted out 30 days. Near the end of that period, on May 7, she noticed the hen didn’t leave the box for her usual dinner run around 5:30 — a sign the eggs might have hatched. The following morning, Paradiso and her husband woke early and set up their cameras inside their house, so they wouldn’t scare the hen outside. They watched and waited — 7, 8, 9 a.m. passed and nothing happened. Paradiso went about her day. Around 11 a.m. she was on the phone and happened to look into her backyard. She noticed the hen peaking her head out of the box. She grabbed her camera and within the hour the ducks began jumping from the box that was about 15 feet high. “I’m talking about seconds, she dropped and they just started flying,” Paradiso said. “Some are doing a swan dive, some are doing a pencil dive, some are on their butts.” The ducklings can’t fly when they’re that young (they start flying around eight weeks), but they’re so light that they don’t get hurt when they land, Paradiso said. They sometimes nest and jump from as high as 50 feet. Paradiso then watched as the mother hen called the ducklings and they followed her into reeds and water nearby, where they would feed and grow until they were ready to fly. Paradiso said they originally didn’t have water behind their house in Sherwood. But as the farmland around them was developed, water began collecting behind them. She said they decided to make lemonade out of lemons and turned it into a “sanctuary for wildlife.” In her seven years in the house, she’s seen everything from green herons and pileated woodpeckers to fawns and foxes in their little nature sanctuary. For more wildlife watching and photography, she likes to visit nearby High Cliff State Park and Menasha’s Heckrodt Wetland Reserve, which she said was her favorite place for birdwatching. “Right now, it is bursting with life,” she said, noting that owlets and baby cranes have been spotted there this spring, and they’re waiting for a handful of does to give birth. Her eyes and camera are still on her backyard, though, too. A few days after the first wood duck brood left the box, Paradiso’s husband cleaned it out, since it’s possible for a new family to breed in the same box in one season. A new pair has already moved in, and she hopes to capture jump day again. Paradiso posted the photos she captured of the first family jumping in a few birding groups she’s part of, and she said she’s gotten questions from other birders about nesting boxes and how she got the photos. She’s told people what she’s learned from their nesting box experience, including the need to install anti-squirrel defenses. In their case, it consists of sheets of metal wrapped around the tree trunk above and below the box, which is anchored about 15 feet up the trunk. She also said you have to be diligent about monitoring the box and the birds. But ultimately, she said, “Nature is all about being in the right place at the right time."	2023-12-21T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5591
Q: Populating drop down list with first name and last name from MySQL query the first part of this problem had me get a captains name from a text box, query the database and pull information into a table. Now I need to create a drop down list with the captains name, populate it with first name and last name ( database fields are separate so I need to join it. I tried explode but I can't get anything to populate in the first place), then show the table again when the user presses the submit button. So to reiterate I'm having trouble figuring out how to: Joining data form fname and lname columns and Displaying them inside the drop down menu. Thank you for your help in advance, I'll continue to try to work it out in the mean time. EDIT: I was able to populate the drop down with the names with the revised code below. I still have a problem grabbing the the name selected and querying for data below since it has changed to a drop down list instead of a text box where the user would enter the desired name. I receive the following error: Notice: Undefined index: name in C:\Users...\PhpstormProjects\test.php on line 26 Line 26 : $name = htmlentities($_POST['name']); <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <title></title> </head> <body> <form action="test.php"method="post"> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="submit"> </form> <?php $connection = mysqli_connect("host", "username", "password") or die ("could not connect to mysql"); mysqli_select_db($connection, 'database') or die ("no database"); $captainResults = mysqli_query($connection, "SELECT concat(fname,' ', lname) as capname from captain"); echo '<select name="name">'; while ($row = mysqli_fetch_row($captainResults)){ foreach ($row as $value) { echo '<option>' . $value. ' </option>'; } } echo '</select>'; if(isset($_POST['submit'])) { $name = htmlentities($_POST['name']); $parts = explode(" ", $name); $lastname = array_pop($parts); $firstname = implode(" ", $parts); $connection = mysqli_connect("mysql553.profrusso.com", "finalexam", "finalexam"); mysqli_select_db($connection, 'shoretoshore'); $result = mysqli_query($connection, "SELECT ship_no, shipment_id, arrival_date, origin, destination, lname, fname from shipment, captain WHERE captain.capt_id=shipment.capt_id AND captain.fname='$firstname' AND captain.lname='$lastname'"); echo '<table border="1"> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <th>Shipment No.</th> <th>Shipment Id.</th> <th>Arrival Date</th> <th>Origin</th> <th>Destination</th> <th>Last Name</th> <th>First Name</th> </tr>'; while ($row = mysqli_fetch_row($result)) { echo '<tr>'; foreach ($row as $value) print "<td>".$value."</td>"; echo "</tr>"; } echo "</table>"; } ?> </body> </html> A: Not sure if you've tried already, but just as a suggestion it might be easier to use a proper combobox (aka: ). <?php // We're going to need the connection in any case $connection = mysqli_connect("server", "username", "password", "database"); /* check connection / if (mysqli_connect_errno()) { printf("Connect failed: %s\n", mysqli_connect_error()); exit(); } echo '<table border="1"> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <th>Shipment No.</th> <th>Shipment Id.</th> <th>Arrival Date</th> <th>Origin</th> <th>Destination</th> <th>Last Name</th> <th>First Name</th> </tr>'; while ($row = mysqli_fetch_row($result)) { echo '<tr>'; foreach ($row as $value) print "<td>".$value."</td>"; echo "</tr>"; } echo "</table>"; if(isset($_POST['submit'])) { $name = htmlentities($_POST['name']); $parts = explode(" ", $name); $lastname = array_pop($parts); $firstname = implode(" ", $parts); // Make sure to cleanse the input to prevent attacks $firstname = mysqli_real_escape_string( $connection, $firstname ); $lastname = mysqli_real_escape_string( $connection, $lastname ); // Query the DB for specific captain data $result = mysqli_query($connection, "SELECT ship_no, shipment_id, arrival_date, origin, destination, lname, fname from shipment, captain WHERE captain.capt_id=shipment.capt_id AND captain.fname='$firstname' AND captain.lname='$lastname'"); } else { // Here is where we'll handle initial page loading // Query the DB for bootstrapping data $shipmentResults = mysqli_query($connection, "SELECT ship_no, shipment_id, arrival_date, origin, destination, lname, fname from shipment); // Use this to populate dropdown (aka: combobox/select) for captain name $captainResults = mysqli_query($connection, "SELECT from captain); // Build the dropdown echo '<select id="captain_drop_down">'; while ($row = mysqli_fetch_row($captainResults)) { foreach ($row as $value) { echo '<option value="' . $row["id"] . '">' . $row["firstname"] . '" "' . $row["lastname"] . '</option>'; } } echo '</select>'; // End of #captain_drop_down } ?>	2024-03-04T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/1640
British Association for Psychopharmacology consensus statement on evidence-based treatment of insomnia, parasomnias and circadian rhythm disorders. Sleep disorders are common in the general population and even more so in clinical practice, yet are relatively poorly understood by doctors and other health care practitioners. These British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines are designed to address this problem by providing an accessible up-to-date and evidence-based outline of the major issues, especially those relating to reliable diagnosis and appropriate treatment. A consensus meeting was held in London in May 2009. Those invited to attend included BAP members, representative clinicians with a strong interest in sleep disorders and recognized experts and advocates in the field, including a representative from mainland Europe and the USA. Presenters were asked to provide a review of the literature and identification of the standard of evidence in their area, with an emphasis on meta-analyses, systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials where available, plus updates on current clinical practice. Each presentation was followed by discussion, aimed to reach consensus where the evidence and/or clinical experience was considered adequate or otherwise to flag the area as a direction for future research. A draft of the proceedings was then circulated to all participants for comment. Key subsequent publications were added by the writer and speakers at draft stage. All comments were incorporated as far as possible in the final document, which represents the views of all participants although the authors take final responsibility for the document.	2023-10-16T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5272
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which accounts for 25% of the 150,000 new cases of primary lung cancer diagnosed each year, exhibits neuroendocrine features, synthesizes mitogenic neuropeptides such as bombesin and vasopressin and express their specific G protein-coupled receptors, potentially leading to autocrine-stimulated growth. These receptor systems are clearly mitogenic in specific cell types and "overactivity" of G proteins leads to human hyperplasias of endocrine origin. while much work has focused on the bombesin-lime peptides, the majority of SCLC lines are vasopressin-responsive and elevated plasma concentrations of vasopressin occur in 30 to 70 percent of SCLC patients, often leading to the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The contribution of ectopically-produced vasopressin to autocrine growth of SCLC is poorly defined. Also the identity of the SCLC vasopressin receptors relative to vascular smooth muscle and hepatic vasopressin receptors, the G proteins and the effector enzymes that mediate mitogenic signal transduction ar largely undefined. This proposal explores the hypothesis that ectopically-expressed vasopressin significantly contributes to growth of SCLC by signalling through specific receptors, G proteins and effector enzymes. To test this hypothesis, the vasopressin-responsiveness for the various sCLC lines will be characterized and the expressed vasopressin receptors will be molecularly defined. A panel of SClC lines will be screened for vasopressin synthesis. Ultimately, the contribution of ectopically-expressed vasopressin to growth of these SCLC lines will be defined with V1 and V3- specific receptor antagonists and compared to other specific and broad- spectrum neuropeptide antagonists. The G proteins and effector enzymes that couple the vasopressin receptor(s) to mitogenic pathways will be defined in the panel of human SCLC lines. Biochemical studies with pertussis toxin will be complemented with a molecular genetic approach whereby mutant G protein alpha-subunit genes (alphai2, alphao, and alphaq) that exhibit constitutive-active phenotypes will be expressed in SCLC to define the dominant G protein pathways involved in neuropeptide- stimulated growth of SCLC. Vasopressin-sensitive effector enzyme systems (phospholipase C, phospholipase A2, phospholipase D, protein kinase C, p42/44 MAP kinase and protein tyrosine kinase activity) will be monitored throughout. Together, this proposal will examine the role of vasopressin synthesis and define the G protein-coupled signal transduction system in a common human lung cancer where interaction with the kidney occurs leading to SIADH. The work will increase the general understanding of neuropeptide signalling in SCLC and may eventually contribute to the definition of a strategy for pharmacologic intervention using receptor antagonists and inhibitors of involved effector systems, (PLA2, cyclooxygenase, etc.) activated by vasopressin and bombesin receptors.	2024-02-09T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/6794
The Indian economy is expected to witness cyclical growth recovery, with real gross domestic product (GDP) growth likely to accelerate from 6.4 per cent this year to 7.5 per cent in 2018 and further to 7.7 per cent in 2019, says a report. According to global financial services major Morgan Stanley, corporate return expectations and balance sheet fundamentals are improving, and a strengthening financial system should be able to meet investment credit demand. “This sets the stage for a fully fledged recovery in 2018, and we expect real GDP growth to accelerate from 6.4 per cent in 2017 to 7.5 per cent in 2018 and further to 7.7 per cent in 2019,” Morgan Stanley said in a research note. The global brokerage is confident about prospects for a recovery in private capital spending as demand conditions are improving post demonetisation and goods and services tax (GST) implementation. Besides, both consumption and exports are picking up and this in turn should lead to an improvement in corporate revenues. “...plan to recapitalise the state-owned banks would remove the potential tail risk of the banking system posing a drag on growth, improve the headroom for growth and boost investors’ and domestic corporate sentiment,” Morgan Stanley said, adding “this should help to cement the growth acceleration and capex recovery that we were expecting”. On prices, the report said the cyclical growth recovery and normalising food prices should drive a pick-up in headline inflation. “Against the backdrop of better macro outlook, we expect the RBI to hike in the second half of fiscal 2019,” it noted. The Reserve Bank of India in its fifth bi-monthly review for the current fiscal on 6 December, kept repo rate unchanged at 6 per cent and reverse repo at 5.75 per cent. (PTI)	2023-12-26T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/2311
We have bet you heard that cannabis can treat glaucoma . While there is some truth to this studies have shown that CBD oil can worsen or even cause glaucoma . This is because CBD oil can raise the IOP or intraocular pressure in the eyes. When the pressure in the eye rises it can cause damage to the optic nerve. The optic nerve is responsible for sending information from the retina to the brain. When this optic nerve in the back of the eye becomes damaged it can lead to permanent vision loss. Smoking marijuana has shown to lower eye pressure to help with glaucoma, however treating glaucoma with marijuana is not recommended because it’s effects are short lived and temporary. Eye pressure needs to be lowered for 24 hours a day while marijuana's effects may last just a couple hours. At this time we also do not know the potency of marijuana and how it reacts with other medications including glaucoma medications. Eye drops are the preferred method of treatment in that they are easy to use and have few side effects. There are currently some companies such as Nemus Bioscience which is working on a cannabis based therapy for glaucoma. Until this treatment is proven to be safe and effective prescribed therapy is recommended for long term care. If you are using CBD oil please see your Eye Doctor to get your eye pressure checked even if you have not been diagnosed with glaucoma.	2023-12-22T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/9746
Slow interconversion of enantiomeric conformers or atropisomers of anilide and urea derivatives of 2-substituted anilines. N-Acylated 2-substituted anilines undergo slow Ar-N bond rotation, allowing in some cases isolation of enantiomeric or diastereoisomeric atropisomers and in others the determination of the rate of Ar-N bond rotation by NMR. 2-Iodoanilides bearing a branched N-substituent demonstrate sufficient enantiomeric stability to be resolvable, either by HPLC or by formation of diastereoisomeric lactanilide derivatives. For the first time, the rates of Ar-N rotation in 2-substituted N,N'-diarylureas have been established: they mainly fall in the region of 50-70 kJ mol(-1) with a relatively weak dependence on substituent size.	2024-07-15T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/7978
While the frequency of serious complications due to ESI is undefined, certain pharmaceutical characteristics of corticosteroids (ie, particulate vs nonparticulate) are thought to contribute to overall risk. Epidural steroid injection (ESI) has been a treatment modality for low back pain (LBP) and neck pain, with and without radiculopathy, for decades.1 This procedure involves administration of corticosteroids into the epidural space around the spinal cord and nerves. LBP is the second most common symptom-related reason for physician office visits in the United States, and ESI has become the most commonly performed intervention to treat LBP.1,2 The beneficial effects of ESI are proposed to include decreased production of inflammatory mediators, depressed nerve conduction, and dilution of local concentrations of endogenous inflammatory cytokines.1,3 Although the majority of controlled studies of ESI for LBP and neck pain document a moderate and transient benefit from ESI,1 there is controversy over whether these benefits are long-term.2 While considered minimally invasive, ESI can cause serious adverse events, including neurologic injury, embolization, bleeding, and infection.1 Risk depends in large part on technique, including interlaminar versus transforaminal injection, which theoretically have different risk of dural puncture. Examples of serious adverse events include inadvertent injection of drug into a vein or artery, which can result in debilitating or fatal infarction of the brainstem or spinal cord.4 However, it also can be related to characteristics of the corticosteroid used in ESI.5 Other drug-related concerns with ESI were highlighted by the 2012 outbreak of fungal meningitis in patients who received contaminated corticosteroids produced at a compounding pharmacy.6 Frequency of Serious Adverse Events These rare, but potentially devastating, complications of ESI have an undefined incidence rate because clinical trials generally have not been well-designed and epidemiologic safety data have not been routinely collected.1 Available review articles highlight the infrequent nature and difficulty of quantifying the risk of severe adverse events, despite large sample sizes. For example, one 7-year retrospective review in which 4,265 ESIs were administered to 1,857 patients reported no major complications.7 The majority of data describing disastrous complications from ESI come from case reports.8-21 Findings from evidence reviews have been nonspecific, stating only that the risk of major complications is low and that causative factors mostly are related to physical technique (eg, needle placement) and the formulations of injected steroids.1,22 In the absence of trials designed to detect rare adverse events due to ESI, some useful data have come from a national survey of physician members of the American Pain Society (APS).23 Of 1,340 surveyed physicians, 21.4% responded, revealing 78 total ESI complications in patients receiving cervical transforaminal ESI. Serious complications included 16 brain infarcts, 12 spinal cord infarcts, and 2 combined brain/spinal cord infarcts; death occurred in 13 cases. Corticosteroids were used in 70 of the cases with reported complications. The reported corticosteroids included triamcinolone, betamethasone, and methylprednisolone, which were associated with 10%, 11%, and 79% of complications, respectively. Pharmaceutical Characteristics of Corticosteroids While the frequency of serious complications due to ESI is undefined, certain pharmaceutical characteristics of corticosteroids are thought to contribute to overall risk.1,24 For example, the size of aggregated drug molecules may affect the likelihood of embolization following inadvertent injection into vertebral or foraminal arteries.25 Corticosteroids considered more likely to aggregate and potentially embolize are termed particulate corticosteroids. In contrast, those less likely to embolize are termed non-particulate corticosteroids. The latter contain particles smaller than red blood cells and exhibit low propensity to aggregate or pack; they are therefore advocated by some as the corticosteroids of choice in ESI to reduce embolization risk.24,25 Among corticosteroids commonly used in ESI, particulate corticosteroids include methylprednisolone and triamcinolone.23,25,26 Dexamethasone generally is agreed to be non-particulate, while the classification of betamethasone has varied.23,27 Corticosteroids reported in the APS survey all were considered particulate by the authors.23 Microscopic analysis of steroid preparations has assessed pharmaceutical characteristics of corticosteroids used in ESI.25 Particles of triamcinolone and betamethasone equaled or exceeded the diameter of red blood cells and exhibited aggregation, with the largest particles exceeding the median red blood cell size by 12 times, indicating potential for embolization. Those of methylprednisolone acetate were smaller than red blood cells and did not aggregate, although they were densely packed, leaving potential for embolization. Because of this potential, methylprednisolone is generally categorized as particulate. Particle characteristics were most favorable in dexamethasone, which showed sizes 5 to 10 times smaller than red blood cells and no aggregation. The absence of case reports associating dexamethasone with ESI complications substantiates this finding.23,28 In fact, injection of dexamethasone directly into the carotid artery of 8 rats did not cause any injury, whereas injection with methylprednisolone acetate (Depo-Medrol) or methylprednisolone sodium succinate (Solu-Medrol) in 15 of 19 rats caused cerebral hemorrhage (Figure 1).2 Other pharmaceutical characteristics presumed to increase risk of injury include the presence of the neurotoxic preservatives polyethylene glycol (PEG) and benzyl alcohol.1 However, controversy exists regarding which is the offending agent.35 Concentrations of PEG in corticosteroid preparations approximate 2.8% to 3% of the solution; animal studies have shown changes in nerve conduction only at concentrations of 20% and greater.4 Additionally, benzyl alcohol is present in some preparations at concentrations of 0.9%, though injection of up to 9% produced only transient changes in animal models.36 Some available corticosteroid preparations contain either or both of these preservatives—some preparations of methylprednisolone acetate contain PEG or benzyl alcohol, whereas some preparations of betamethasone, triamcinolone, and dexamethasone sodium succinate contain benzyl alcohol but not PEG.37-40 Vertical Health Media, LLC does not, by publication of the advertisements contained herein, express endorsement or verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the products and claims contained therein. Vertical Health Media, LLC disclaims any liability for damages resulting from the use of any product advertised herein and suggests that readers fully investigate the products and claims prior to purchasing. The views of the authors are not necessarily those of Vertical Health Media, LLC. Practical Pain Management is sent without charge 10 times per year to pain management clinicians in the US. Use of this website is conditional upon your acceptance of our user agreement.	2024-06-10T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/4665
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE P. Stephen Miller Curtis T. Hill, Jr. Fort Wayne, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana Ellen H. Meilaender Laura R. Anderson Andrew A. Kobe Deputy Attorneys General Indianapolis, Indiana ______________________________________________________________________________ In the Indiana Supreme Court FILED Dec 21 2017, 3:59 pm _________________________________ CLERK Indiana Supreme Court No. 02S03-1709-CR-611 Court of Appeals and Tax Court DARRYL CALVIN, Appellant (Defendant), v. STATE OF INDIANA, Appellee (Plaintiff). _________________________________ Appeal from the Allen Superior Court 6, No. 02D06-1604-F4-30 The Honorable John F. Surbeck, Jr., Judge _________________________________ On Petition to Transfer from the Indiana Court of Appeals, No. 02A03-1701-CR-93 _________________________________ December 21, 2017 Rush, Chief Justice. Indiana’s habitual-offender statutes count all prior non-Indiana felonies as Level 6 felonies and do not allow a habitual-offender finding based only on two Level 6 felonies. Relying on these statutes, Calvin argues that his two prior Illinois felonies are insufficient to support his habitual- offender enhancement. The State responds that this result is absurd, so we should graft new language onto the statutes. We reject the State’s invitation. The habitual-offender statutes’ plain meaning, though curious, has prevailed in Indiana for nearly thirty years. Judicially rewriting it now would violate separation-of-powers principles and our strict construction of criminal statutes. We thus reverse Calvin’s habitual-offender enhancement for insufficient evidence and remand to the trial court. Facts and Procedural History Darryl Calvin broke into a Fort Wayne home and stole a PlayStation 4, a sixty-inch plasma television, and a pair of gym shoes. Thanks to a vigilant neighborhood watch, he was promptly caught and arrested. The State charged Calvin with Level 4 felony burglary and alleged that he was a habitual offender based on two prior convictions. Both of those convictions were Class 1 felony residential burglary convictions from Illinois—one from 1992 and the other from 1998. A jury convicted Calvin on the new burglary charge and found that he was a habitual offender. The trial court sentenced him to six years for the burglary, and ten additional years for the habitual-offender enhancement. Calvin challenged the enhancement on appeal, arguing that his two Illinois felonies could not make him a habitual offender since Indiana’s habitual-offender statutes treat all non-Indiana felonies as Level 6 felonies, and two Level 6 felonies cannot support the enhancement. The State responded that this reading leads to absurd results by treating defendants differently based on where they committed their prior offenses. The Court of Appeals affirmed Calvin’s habitual-offender enhancement. First, it agreed with the State that the absurdity doctrine applied. Calvin v. State, 80 N.E.3d 226, 228–29 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017). Then, the court compared Calvin’s Illinois burglaries to burglary in Indiana and concluded that his out-of-state convictions should be treated as Level 4 felonies. Id. at 229. We granted Calvin’s petition to transfer, vacating the Court of Appeals opinion. Ind. Appellate Rule 58(A). Standard of Review We first address the meaning of Indiana’s habitual-offender statutes. This is an issue of statutory interpretation, so our review is de novo. Day v. State, 57 N.E.3d 809, 811 (Ind. 2016). 2 We then determine whether, under that interpretation, sufficient evidence supports Calvin’s habitual-offender enhancement. See id.; Pierce v. State, 29 N.E.3d 1258, 1264–65 (Ind. 2015). Discussion and Decision Under the plain meaning of Indiana’s habitual-offender statutes, prior non-Indiana felonies count as Level 6 felonies. The State argues that this leads to absurd results, but we decline to cast aside the plain meaning through the absurdity doctrine. I. Indiana’s Habitual-Offender Statutes Treat Non-Indiana Felonies as Level 6 Felonies. A habitual-offender finding is not a separate crime, but an enhancement that attaches to an underlying felony. Ind. Code § 35-50-2-8(j) (2017). Here, Calvin’s Level 4 felony burglary conviction was enhanced under Indiana Code subsection 35-50-2-8(b): (b) A person convicted of murder or of a Level 1 through Level 4 felony is a habitual offender if the state proves beyond a reasonable doubt that: (1) the person has been convicted of two (2) prior unrelated felonies; and (2) at least one (1) of the prior unrelated felonies is not a Level 6 felony or a Class D felony. I.C § 35-50-2-8(b) (Supp. 2016). But Calvin argues that he cannot be a habitual offender under subsection 8(b) because both of his prior felonies count as Level 6 felonies. He relies on the statutory definition of “Level 6 felony conviction”: (a) As used in this chapter, “Level 6 felony conviction” means: (1) a conviction in Indiana for: (A) a Class D felony, for a crime committed before July 1, 2014; or (B) a Level 6 felony, for a crime committed after June 30, 2014; and (2) a conviction, in any other jurisdiction at any time, with respect to which the convicted person might have been imprisoned for more than one (1) year. I.C. § 35-50-2-1(a) (2014). So Calvin contends that his two prior Illinois convictions are Level 6 felonies under subsection (a)(2) and thus cannot support his habitual-offender enhancement. 3 For most of this appeal, the State agreed with Calvin’s plain-meaning interpretation of these statutes and argued only that it led to absurd results. But at oral argument, the State noted for the first time that the definitions section defines the term “Level 6 felony conviction,” I.C. § 35- 50-2-1(a) (emphasis added), while the habitual-offender statute says only “Level 6 felony,” I.C. § 35-50-2-8(b). The parties’ initial agreement was correct.1 Applying the defined term “Level 6 felony conviction” to subsection 8(b) gives meaning to the legislature’s decision to include non-Indiana felonies in the definition of a “Level 6 felony conviction.” I.C. § 35-50-2-1(a)(2). That part of the definition would serve no purpose if it applied only where the legislature used the full “Level 6 felony conviction” term. See I.C. §§ 35-50-2-6(c), -7(d), (f) (2014); In re ITT Derivative Litig., 932 N.E.2d 664, 670 (Ind. 2010) (“We interpret a statute in order to give effect to every word and render no part meaningless if it can be reconciled with the rest of the statute.”). Applying the “Level 6 felony conviction” definition in subsection 8(b) also aligns with nearly thirty years of Indiana precedent. Our Court of Appeals has consistently said that the habitual-offender statutes count non-Indiana felonies as the lowest-level Indiana felonies. See Rowold v. State, 629 N.E.2d 1285, 1287 (Ind. Ct. App. 1994); Cain v. State, 594 N.E.2d 835, 842– 43 (Ind. Ct. App.), clarified on reh’g, 599 N.E.2d 625 (Ind. Ct. App. 1992); Johnson v. State, 575 N.E.2d 282, 285 (Ind. Ct. App. 1991), trans. denied. In fact, Judge Shields dissented in Johnson, making the same argument the State makes today. 575 N.E.2d at 286–87 (Shields, J., dissenting) (“I find it difficult to accept the legislature intended to show favoritism and leniency to out-of- state felons.”). We denied transfer, leaving intact Johnson’s statement that weighing Indiana felonies heavier than non-Indiana felonies “appears to be the unmistakable choice of the legislature.” Id. at 285 (majority opinion). We finally note that if non-Indiana felonies could count as something other than Level 6 felonies, we would need a method for deciding what level to assign them. Yet the legislature has not provided one. This absence of legislative direction contrasts with the many statutes where the legislature allows the use of non-Indiana convictions if their elements are “substantially similar to 1 We generally agree with the State’s more recent argument that defined terms apply only when the legislature uses the exact defined term. See Chi. & E. Ill. R.R. v. State ex rel. Ketcham, 153 Ind. 134, 139, 51 N.E. 924, 926 (1898) (“[W]here the legislature expressly states the meaning which is to be given to a term used in an act, that meaning must be given to such term as so used.”). 4 the elements of” corresponding Indiana convictions. E.g., Ind. Code §§ 4-33-8-11(d), (e), -35-6.5- 11(d), (e) (2017) (disqualifications for riverboat and racetrack gambling licenses); I.C. § 7.1-1-3- 13.5 (2017) (definition of “[c]onviction for operating while intoxicated”); I.C. § 31-19-9-8(a) (2017) (exceptions to parental consent for adoption); I.C. § 33-23-6-2(f) (2017) (ineligibility for mediation); I.C. §§ 35-42-2-1(g), -1.3(b) (2017) (elevations for battery and domestic battery); I.C. § 35-47-4-5(a) (2017) (unlawful possession of a firearm by a serious violent felon). Here, the lack of a statutory method for comparing non-Indiana convictions bolsters the plain-language mandate that all non-Indiana felonies count as Level 6 felonies for habitual-offender enhancements.2 With this plain meaning in hand, we turn to the State’s claim that it leads to absurd results. II. We Will Not Increase Criminal Liability by Rewriting Unambiguous Statutes Through the Absurdity Doctrine. The absurdity doctrine is strong medicine; it defeats even the plain meaning of statutes. Morgan v. State, 22 N.E.3d 570, 575 (Ind. 2014) (citing Storms v. Stevens, 104 Ind. 46, 50, 3 N.E. 401, 403 (1885)). Here, we will not prescribe it to defeat a statutory plain meaning upheld by a trifecta of cases dating back to 1991. See Rowold, 629 N.E.2d at 1287; Cain, 594 N.E.2d at 842– 43; Johnson, 575 N.E.2d at 285. As explained above, the first of these cases was decided over a strong and well-reasoned dissent making the same absurdity argument the State now raises. Johnson, 575 N.E.2d at 286–87 (Shields, J., dissenting). That argument is less compelling today, now that the plain meaning has prevailed—and functioned—for nearly three decades. Invoking the absurdity doctrine here would also expand criminal liability beyond the habitual-offender statutes’ long-settled plain meaning—a result at odds with separation-of-powers principles and our narrow construction of criminal statutes. Separation of powers is explicit in our Constitution. Ind. Const. art. 3, § 1. And the power to legislate “is vested exclusively in the Legislature under Article 4, Section 1 of the Indiana Constitution.” Paul Stieler Enters. v. City of Evansville, 2 N.E.3d 1269, 1277 (Ind. 2014). We accordingly cannot rewrite statutes: The courts cannot venture upon the dangerous path of judicial legislation to supply omissions or remedy defects in matters 2 Even if we could agree with the dissent that these statutes are ambiguous, we could not ignore the rule of lenity’s decree that ambiguity “must be resolved against the penalty.” Dye v. State, 984 N.E.2d 625, 630 (Ind. 2013) (emphasis added). 5 committed to a co-ordinate branch of the government. It is far better to wait for necessary corrections by those authorized to make them, or, in fact, for them to remain unmade, however desirable they may be, than for judicial tribunals to transcend the just limits of their constitutional powers. R.R. Comm’n of Ind. v. Grand Trunk W. R.R., 179 Ind. 255, 263–64, 100 N.E. 852, 855 (1913). On top of that, the legislature is constitutionally subject to process requirements and political responsibility in ways that the judiciary is not. See Ind. Const. art. 4; John F. Manning, The Absurdity Doctrine, 116 Harv. L. Rev. 2387, 2431, 2437 (2003). The absurdity doctrine implicates these bedrock principles and thus must be carefully applied—especially to plain-meaning statutes with broad application. Declaring a plain meaning absurd tells the legislature that it may not legislate in that way even if it uses the clearest terms; it invokes “the serious judicial act of declaring certain matters beyond the reach of the political branches.” Manning, supra at 2476. That is a bold declaration, even for a single unforeseen application at a statute’s periphery. It would be far more drastic here, at the core of the broad habitual-offender statutes. Such a sweeping decision falls more into the policy-setting role of the legislature and less into the job of the judiciary to decide individual cases. City of Lawrence Utils. Serv. Bd. v. Curry, 68 N.E.3d 581, 587 (Ind. 2017) (“The constitution empowers the legislative branch to make law; the judicial branch to decide cases.” (quoting Ind. Wholesale Wine & Liquor Co. v. State ex rel. Ind. Alcoholic Beverage Comm’n, 695 N.E.2d 99, 107 (Ind. 1998))). Separation of powers ties into another reason we do not apply the absurdity doctrine: our narrow construction of criminal statutes. See Bond v. State, 515 N.E.2d 856, 858 (Ind. 1987) (“[Criminal statutes] may not be enlarged beyond the fair meaning of the language used and may not be held to include offenses other than those clearly defined.”). One of the two principles underlying this rule is that “legislatures, not courts, should decide what conduct is criminal.” Day, 57 N.E.3d at 814. Equally compelling is the second principle underlying our narrow construction of criminal statutes—that they “should give fair warning about what conduct they prohibit,” id. This principle applies most often through the rule of lenity, which requires us to interpret ambiguous criminal statutes “in the defendant’s favor as far as the language can reasonably support.” Id. at 813. And it weighs even more heavily when the plain meaning is in the defendant’s favor. How can a defendant have fair warning about criminal liability that has no basis in the law’s plain meaning? 6 Such a result would raise serious due-process concerns. See Brown v. State, 868 N.E.2d 464, 467 (Ind. 2007). For these reasons, we will not apply the absurdity doctrine as an exception to our long- standing rule that we cannot extend criminal statutes through interpretation. See State v. Bruner, 135 Ind. 419, 422–23, 35 N.E. 22, 23–24 (1893). To be clear, we are not abolishing the absurdity doctrine, which we have consistently applied since the early days of our 1851 Constitution. See, e.g., Morgan, 22 N.E.3d at 576; Coleman v. State, 253 Ind. 627, 632–33, 256 N.E.2d 389, 391 (1970); Helms v. Am. Sec. Co. of Ind., 216 Ind. 1, 8–9, 22 N.E.2d 822, 825 (1939); State v. Sopher, 157 Ind. 360, 372, 61 N.E. 785, 789 (1901); City of Jeffersonville v. Weems, 5 Ind. 547, 549 (1854). This case, though, falls outside the doctrine’s boundaries. Regardless of whether we can discern the legislature’s reasons for writing the habitual-offender statutes as it did, we cannot rewrite—and certainly cannot broaden—them through the absurdity doctrine. Any change must instead fall to the legislature’s corrective pen. Conclusion Under Indiana’s habitual-offender statutes, all non-Indiana felonies count as Level 6 felonies. Yes, this is peculiar and leads to incongruous results—especially when the non-Indiana felonies are grievous. But this plain meaning has prevailed for nearly three decades, and separation of powers and our strict construal of criminal statutes stop us from declaring it absurd. Calvin’s two Illinois felonies thus count as Level 6 felonies under the habitual-offender statutes. But Indiana Code subsection 35-50-2-8(b) does not allow a habitual-offender enhancement based only on two Level 6 felonies. We therefore reverse Calvin’s habitual-offender enhancement as unsupported by sufficient evidence and remand for retrial on that enhancement. See Dexter v. State, 959 N.E.2d 235, 240 (Ind. 2012) (“[R]etrial on a sentencing enhancement based on a prior conviction is permitted even where the enhancement is reversed because of insufficient evidence.”). David, Slaughter, and Goff, JJ., concur. Massa, J., dissents with separate opinion. 7 Massa, J., dissenting. Absurd results don’t always trigger the absurdity doctrine. The Court’s opinion explains why that is wise. As it notes with respect to separation of powers, “‘the serious judicial act of declaring certain matters beyond the reach of the political branches’” should almost always be avoided. Supra at 6 (quoting John F. Manning, The Absurdity Doctrine, 116 Harv. L. Rev. 2387, 2476 (2003)). But in my judgment, we need not invoke the doctrine here to avoid an outcome that is, if not absurd, at least “peculiar,” as the Court mildly puts it. Supra at 7. It is hard to believe that our legislators intended an Illinois murder conviction be treated the same as writing a bad check under our serious habitual offender statute.1 Why they have not acted in response to contrary Court of Appeals opinions for two decades is curious, as well. Perhaps because our precedents never went this far and, in fact, suggest a different outcome. See Shelton v. State, 490 N.E.2d 738, 744 (Ind. 1986); Slocumb v. State, 573 N.E.2d 427, 429 (Ind. 1991) (each discussing evidence of federal or out-of-state statutes upon which convictions were based and their prescribed sentences). I thus respectfully dissent. Long before California made “three strikes and you’re out” a familiar phrase in the national crime debate,2 Indiana was using a habitual offender law to punish recidivists.3 These laws 1 See Ind. Code § 35-43-5-5 (providing check deception is a Level 6 felony if the amount is greater than $750). 2 See The “Three Strikes and You’re Out” Law—A Preliminary Assessment, Cal. Legis. Analyst’s Office (Jan. 6, 1995), http://www.lao.ca.gov/reports/1995/status_check_the_three_strikes_and_youre_out_law_a_preliminary_assessment. pdf (discussing 1994 Cal. Stat. Ch. 12, § 1, 71). 3 Ind. Code § 35-50-2-8 (Supp. 1978). occasionally have vexed our appellate courts4 and have been moderated over time.5 Amendments have unintentionally injected ambiguity into the statutes, and so it is with the portion we consider today. Unlike three decades ago, we no longer punish habitual offenders with a full thirty years on top of their sentence for the instant crime. I.C. § 35-50-2-8 (Supp. 1978). The statutes wisely and more humanely now treat different recidivists differently, based on the severity of the instant offense and their prior convictions. See I.C. § 35-50-2-8 (2017). The law in question today attempts to do just that. Under its terms, if a defendant commits a serious felony, and he has two priors, then at least one of those priors must be a serious offense to sustain this particular habitual finding and the more severe sanction it carries. See id. -8(b). This rather simple proposition hides in a fog of statutory definitions and classifications that the Court today finds unambiguous. A recognition of ambiguity would allow for a more common- sense construction of the statute. If at least one of the predicates has to be serious, the rub here, then, is what constitutes a minor felony offense? That is simple enough for Indiana priors: a Class D felony before the most recent rewrite of the criminal code, a Level 6 thereafter. But what about low-level felony convictions from other states? Here the legislature used the traditional line of demarcation between felonies and misdemeanors—imprisonment for at least a year—to define low-level felonies from other states, which otherwise might use a different nomenclature of class or level, too varied to be included by specific reference.6 This doesn’t mean they meant all out-of-state felonies are Level 4 See, e.g., Hensley v. State, 497 N.E.2d 1053 (Ind. 1986); State v. Downey, 770 N.E.2d 794 (Ind. 2002); Mills v. State, 868 N.E.2d 446 (Ind. 2007); Peoples v. State, 929 N.E.2d 750 (Ind. 2010); Dye v. State, 972 N.E.2d 853 (Ind. 2012); Jones v. State, 569 N.E.2d 975 (Ind. Ct. App. 1991); Johnson v. State, 575 N.E.2d 282 (Ind. Ct. App. 1991), trans. denied; Cain v. State, 594 N.E.2d 835 (Ind. Ct. App.), clarified on reh’g, 599 N.E.2d 625 (Ind. Ct. App. 1992); Rowold v. State, 629 N.E.2d 1285 (Ind. Ct. App. 1994); Schnepp v. State, 768 N.E.2d 1002 (Ind. Ct. App. 2002), trans. denied; Olatunji v. State, 788 N.E.2d 1268 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003), trans. denied; Townsend v. State, 793 N.E.2d 1092 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003), trans. denied; Goodman v. State, 863 N.E.2d 898 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007), trans. denied; Howard v. State, 873 N.E.2d 685 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007). 5 See Johnson v. State, 75 N.E.3d 549 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017), vacated on other grounds (tracing the evolution of Indiana’s habitual offender statute). 6 See generally Black’s Law Dictionary 736 (10th ed. 2014) (defining “felony” as “a serious crime usu[ally] punishable by imprisonment for more than one year or by death”); I.C. § 35-50-2-1(b) (defining “felony conviction,” under the habitual offender statute, as a conviction for which a person may be imprisoned for more than one year); 2 6s, regardless of severity. They certainly could have been more precise in their drafting, but their imprecision does not dictate this windfall for serious habitual offenders who built their records victimizing people in other states. Here, Calvin is an unrepentant burglar. An Indiana jury found him guilty of a residential burglary. That same jury then learned he had two prior convictions for the same serious crimes in Illinois and rightly found him to be a habitual offender. But now we are to pretend those serious crimes weren’t so serious after all because of where they were committed. If that is not quite absurd, it is beyond peculiar. Coincidentally, if not ironically, on this very day, I have written for the Court interpreting a different section of the habitual offender statute to a result nearly as odd. See Johnson v. State, 32S05-1707-CR-469, -- N.E.3d -- (Ind. Dec. 21, 2017). At least the possibly unintended consequence at work in Johnson won’t be repeated thanks to recent statutory amendment. Perhaps the legislature might spare this Court from further peculiar holdings by fixing this section, as well.7 Model Penal Code § 1.04(2) (“A crime is a felony if . . . persons convicted thereof may be sentenced . . . in excess of one year.”); 18 U.S.C.A. § 3156(a)(3) (2015) (defining felony, for purposes of release and detention pending trial, as “an offense punishable by a maximum term of imprisonment of more than one year”). 7 See generally Richard A. Galt, The Use of Out-Of-State Convictions for Enhancing Sentences of Repeat Offenders, 5 Alb. L. Rev. 1133, 1154 (1994) (surveying the different approaches states have taken regarding the use of out-of-state predicate offenses, and concluding “[a] system that considers prior convictions when sentencing defendants must reflect how the prior behavior compares to the norms of the host state. However, at the same time, it must not allow technical loopholes to overly constrain the power of the state to hold criminals accountable for their actions”); Wayne A. Logan, Horizontal Federalism in an Age of Criminal Justice Interconnectedness, 154 U. Pa. L. Rev. 257, 329-30 (2005) (considering states’ use “of criminal convictions rendered by fellow sovereign state governments” and the “willingness to use one another’s criminal law dispositions . . . to expand the bounds of crime control”). 3	2024-07-05T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/6790
Q: Wrong detection in the same name functions I have two functions with same name and multiple signature as below : #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; //Function for bool data void test(const bool &b) { wcout << L"bool data is : " << b << endl; }; //Function for wstring data void test(const wstring &w) { wcout << L"wstring data is : " << w.c_str() << endl; }; void main() { test(L"my string data for test"); test(true); } Why when i use the wstring value type void test(const bool &b)function executed? A: A wide string literal is of type const wchar_t [N+1]. When you pass it to test, there are two possible paths: const wchar_t[N+1] -> const wchar_t* -> bool const wchar_t[N+1] -> const wchar_t* -> std::wstring The first version is chosen because overload resolution prefers the standard boolean conversion to bool is preferred to the user-defined conversion to std::wstring. One possible solution would be to explicitly create the std::wstring, as Martin suggests, but I think this is likely to bite you again later on. I would instead either have two functions with different names to avoid the issue, or add an overload which takes a const wchar_t* and forwards on to the std::wstring version. void test(const wchar_t* w) { test(std::wstring{w}); } A: Your string literal is not a wstring but a const wchar_t[] which is more easily converted to a bool (via decay into a const wchar_t) than a wstring. Running your code in Visual Studios gave me this error: warning C4800: 'const wchar_t ' : forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' (performance warning) which gives a pretty much perfect explanation. A: All answers being given, if you use c++14, you could just tweak the literal you pass in the first case. #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; //Function for bool data void test(const bool b) { wcout << L"bool data is : " << b << endl; }; //Function for wstring data void test(const wstring &w) { wcout << L"wstring data is : " << w.c_str() << endl; }; int main() { test(L"my string data for test"s); test(true); return 0; } output: wstring data is : my string data for test bool data is : 1	2024-01-21T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/3179
Multiplex ligation reaction based on probe melting curve analysis: a pragmatic approach for the identification of 30 common Salmonella serovars. While Salmonella serotyping is of paramount importance for the disease intervention of salmonellosis, a fast and easy-to-operate molecular serotyping solution remains elusive. We have developed a multiplex ligation reaction based on probe melting curve analysis (MLMA) for the identification of 30 common Salmonella serovars. Serovar-specific primers and probes were designed based on a comparison of gene targets (wzx and wzy encoding for somatic antigen biosynthesis; fliC and fljB for flagellar antigens) from 5868 Salmonella genomes. The ssaR gene, a type III secretion system component, was included for the confirmation of Salmonella. All gene targets were detected and gave expected Tm values during assay evaluation. Cross reactions were not demonstrated between the 30 serovars (n = 211), or with an additional 120 serovars (n = 120) and other Enterobacteriaceae (n = 3). The limit of identification for all targets ranged from using 1.2 ng/μL to 1.56 ng/μL of DNA. The intra- and inter-assay standard deviations and the coefficients of variation were no more than 0.5 °C and less than 1% respectively, indicating high reproducibility. From consecutive outpatient stool samples (n = 3590) collected over a 10-month period at 11 sentinel hospitals in Shenzhen, China, we conducted a multicenter study using the traditional Salmonella identification workflow and the MLMA assay workflow in parallel. From Salmonella isolates (n = 496, 13.8%) derived by both workflows, total agreement (kappa = 1.0) between the MLMA assay and conventional serotyping was demonstrated. With an assay time of 2.5 h, this simple assay has shown promising potential to provide rapid and high-throughput identification of Salmonella serovars for clinical and public health laboratories to facilitate timely surveillance of salmonellosis.	2024-07-24T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/1429
-- Date: Sat, 2 Sep 2006 18:14:58 +0200 (CEST) -- Subject: Groebner basis computation -- From: "Michael Joswig" <joswig@mathematik.tu-darmstadt.de> -- To: dan@math.uiuc.edu -- Content-Type: text/plain;charset=iso-8859-1 -- Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit -- Importance: Normal -- -- Dear Dan, -- -- As we discussed in the morning, I am interested in eliminating -- systems (in characteristic zero) like -- -- 1 + s^2 x1 x3 + s^8 x2 x3 + s^19 x1 x2 x4 -- x1 + s^8 x1 x2 x3 + s^19 x2 x4 -- x2 + s^10 x3 x4 + s^11 x1 x4 -- x3 + s^4 x1 x2 + s^19 x1 x3 x4 + s^24 x2 x3 x4 -- x4 + s^31 x1 x2 x3 x4 -- -- for the elimination order x4 > x3 > x2 > x1 > s. In this particular -- (test) case the discriminant polynomial in s is of degree 444 and has 2 -- real roots. -- -- Systems of this type (we can produce more, if you like this one) -- occur in http://front.math.ucdavis.edu/math.CO/0508180. This paper -- is to appear in Adv. Math. -- -- With kind regards, -- Michael -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Prof. Dr. Michael Joswig <joswig@mathematik.tu-darmstadt.de> -- TU Darmstadt, Fachbereich Mathematik, AG7 -- 64289 Darmstadt, Germany -- R = QQ[x4,x3,x2,x1,s, MonomialOrder => Eliminate 4] I = ideal( 1 + s^2 * x1 * x3 + s^8 * x2 * x3 + s^19 * x1 * x2 * x4, x1 + s^8 * x1 * x2 * x3 + s^19 * x2 * x4, x2 + s^10 * x3 * x4 + s^11 * x1 * x4, x3 + s^4 * x1 * x2 + s^19 * x1 * x3 * x4 + s^24 * x2 * x3 * x4, x4 + s^31 * x1 * x2 * x3 * x4 ) gbTrace = 3 time g = gb I;	2023-08-21T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5273
Hyacinthoides non-scripta Hyacinthoides non-scripta (formerly Endymion non-scriptus or Scilla non-scripta) is a bulbous perennial plant, found in Atlantic areas from north-western Spain to the British Isles, and also frequently used as a garden plant. It is known in English as the common bluebell or simply bluebell, a name which is used in Scotland to refer to the harebell, Campanula rotundifolia. In spring, H. non-scripta produces a nodding, one-sided inflorescence of 5–12 tubular, sweet-scented violet–blue flowers, with strongly recurved tepals, and 3–6 long, linear, basal leaves. H. non-scripta is particularly associated with ancient woodland where it may dominate the understorey to produce carpets of violet–blue flowers in "bluebell woods", but also occurs in more open habitats in western regions. It is protected under UK law, and in some other parts of its range. A related species, H. hispanica has also been introduced to the British Isles and hybridises with H. non-scripta to produce intermediates known as [[Hyacinthoides × massartiana\|H. × massartiana]]. Taxonomy Hyacinthoides non-scripta was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his seminal 1753 work , as a species in the genus Hyacinthus. The specific epithet means "unlettered" or "unmarked" and was intended to distinguish this plant from the classical hyacinth of Greek mythology. This mythical flower, which was almost certainly not the modern hyacinth, sprang up from the blood of the dying prince Hyacinthus. His lover, the god Apollo, shed tears that marked the new flower's petals with the letters "AIAI" ("alas") as a sign of his grief. In 1803, Johann Centurius von Hoffmannsegg and Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link transferred the species to the genus Scilla, and in 1849 Christian August Friedrich Garcke transferred it to the genus Endymion (now a synonym of Hyacinthoides); it is still widely known as "Scilla non-scripta" or "Endymion non-scriptus". In 1934, Pierre Chouard transferred the species to its current placement in the genus Hyacinthoides. Scilla was the original Greek name for the sea squill, Drimia maritima; Endymion is a character from Greek mythology; Hyacinthoides means "like a hyacinth". The type species of Hyacinthoides is H. hispanica, while that of Endymion is "Scilla nutans", described by James Edward Smith in English Botany in 1797, but now treated as a synonym of H. non-scripta. Smith had argued that ("nodding") is a more fitting epithet than , which makes no sense once separated from Hyacinthus, but the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants requires the oldest name to be used, regardless of meaning. Common names for Hyacinthoides non-scripta include bluebell, common bluebell, English bluebell, British bluebell, wild hyacinth, wood bell, fairy flower and bell bottle. In Scotland, the term "bluebell" is used for the harebell, Campanula rotundifolia. Related species Hyacinthoides non-scripta forms a clade with three other species – H. hispanica, H. paivae and H. cedretorum – centred on the Iberian Peninsula. H. paivae is restricted to a small area of north-western Iberia (Galicia and neighbouring parts of Portugal), while H. cedretorum is found in mountainous areas of western North Africa (Morocco and Algeria). Within Iberia, H. non-scripta and H. hispanica are geographically separated by the Duero river. The genus also contains seven further species, mostly distributed further east in the Mediterranean Basin. Description Hyacinthoides non-scripta is a perennial plant that grows from a bulb. It produces 3–6 linear leaves, all growing from the base of the plant, and each wide. An inflorescence of 5–12 (exceptionally 3–32) flowers is borne on a stem up to tall, which droops towards the tip; the flowers are arranged in a 1-sided nodding raceme. Each flower is long, with two bracts at the base, and the six tepals are strongly recurved at their tips. The tepals are violet–blue. The three stamens in the outer whorl are fused to the perianth for more than 75% of their length, and bear cream-coloured pollen. The flowers are strongly and sweetly scented. The seeds are black, and germinate on the soil surface. The bulbs produce contractile roots; when these roots contract, they draw the bulbs down into deeper layers of the soil where there is greater moisture, reaching depths of . This may explain the absence of H. non-scripta from some thin soils over chalk in South East England, since the bulbs are unable to penetrate into sufficiently deep soils. H. non-scripta differs from H. hispanica, which occurs as an introduced species in the British Isles, in a number of ways. H. hispanica has paler flowers which are borne in radially symmetrical racemes; their tepals are less recurved, and are only faintly scented. The outer stamens are fused with the tepals for less than 75% of their length, and the anthers are the same colour as the tepals. These two species are thought to have diverged 8000 years ago. The two species hybridise readily to produce fertile offspring known as Hyacinthoides × massartiana; the hybrids are intermediate between the parental species, forming a spectrum of variation which connects the two. Distribution and ecology Hyacinthoides non-scripta is native to the western parts of Atlantic Europe, from north-western Spain (occasionally even north-western Portugal) to the Netherlands and the British Isles. It is found in Belgium, Great Britain, France, Ireland, the Netherlands and Spain, and also occurs as a naturalized species in Germany, Italy and Romania. It has also been introduced (and can be highly invasive) into various parts of North America, in both the Pacific Northwest (British Columbia, Washington and Oregon), the Great Lakes region (Ontario, New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania) and other parts of the United States (the Virginias, Kentucky and Indiana). Despite the wide distribution of H. non-scripta, it reaches its greatest densities in the British Isles, where "bluebell woods" (woodland with the understory dominated by H. non-scripta in spring) are a familiar sight. H. non-scripta is found throughout the British Isles, with the exception of the northern Outer Hebrides (Lewis and Harris), Orkney and Shetland, and it is estimated that 25%–50% of all common bluebells may be found in the British Isles. Bluebells are a species of deciduous woodland over much of their range, flowering and leafing early before the canopy closes in late spring. They may also be found growing under bracken or Japanese knotweed, perennial plants which also form stands with a dense summer canopy. They are most successful on slightly acid soils; the same niche in alkaline conditions may be occupied by other species such as Mercurialis perennis. As a species adapted to woodlands, the young shoots are able to penetrate through a thick layer of leaf litter, and bluebells are often used as an indicator species to identify ancient woodland. Bluebells are also frequently found in hedgerows, and in the west of their range they can be found growing in open habitats, including coastal meadows. Bluebell flowers are rich in pollen and nectar, and are chiefly pollinated by bumblebees, although they are also visited by various other insects. They are a host species for the parasitic fungus Uromyces muscari, which causes bluebell rust. The ability of H. non-scripta to take up phosphorus from the soil is greatly enhanced by the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizae in its roots. Protection Hyacinthoides non-scripta is not protected under international law, such as CITES or the EU Habitats Directive. In the United Kingdom, H. non-scripta is a protected species under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. Landowners are prohibited from removing common bluebells on their land for sale and it is a criminal offence to remove the bulbs of wild common bluebells. This legislation was strengthened in 1998 under Schedule 8 of the Act making any trade in wild common bluebell bulbs or seeds an offence, punishable by fines of up to £5,000 per bulb. The species is not protected in the Republic of Ireland. In France, H. non-scripta is largely confined to the northern half of the country. It is not legally protected at the national level, but it is protected in many of the towards the edge of its range (Corrèze, Loiret, Gironde, Lot-et-Garonne, Dordogne, Cher, Eure-et-Loir, Indre-et-Loire and Loir-et-Cher). In Wallonia, H. non-scripta is protected under of the . Uses Bluebells are widely planted as garden plants, either among trees or in herbaceous borders. They flower at the same time as hyacinths, Narcissus and some tulips. Their ability to reproduce vegetatively, using bulb offsets and seed, means that they can spread rapidly, and may need to be controlled as weeds. Bluebells synthesise a wide range of chemicals with potential medicinal properties. They contain at least 15 biologically active compounds that may provide them with protection against insects and animals. Certain extracts – water-soluble alkaloids – are similar to compounds tested for use in combating HIV and cancer. The bulbs of bluebells are used in folk medicine as a remedy for leucorrhoea, and as a diuretic or styptic, while the sap can be used as an adhesive. The bluebell may be regarded as the United Kingdom's "favourite flower". When the wild plant charity Plantlife organised a survey in 2004 to find a favourite flower for each county in the United Kingdom, it decided to ban voters from choosing the bluebell because it had been by far the top choice in an earlier poll for the nation's favourite flower. A stylised bluebell is used as the logo for the Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Notes References External links Which Bluebell Is It? "Bluebells for Britain" bluebell identifier questionnaire. Kew plant profile: Hyacinthoides non-scripta (bluebell) nonscripta Category:Ephemeral plants Category:Flora of Belgium Category:Flora of Ireland Category:Flora of the Netherlands Category:Flora of Portugal Category:Flora of Spain Category:Flora of Great Britain Category:Garden plants of Europe Category:Plants described in 1753 Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus	2023-09-08T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5656
The COVID-19 economic crisis is entering its third week, and still the federal government has passed no big rescue package. The Republican Senate leadership is trying to whip up votes for a mostly garbage plan. It would cut checks of $1,200 to most adults, plus $500 for children, which is at least not nothing, but also would create a $500 billion slush fund for Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin to use on whatever corporate bailouts he deems necessary, with no conditions or requirements. It is both far short of what is necessary, and wildly unfair. So far Senate Democrats are putting up a surprising amount of resistance. On Sunday night they filibustered the bill, meaning it would need 60 votes to pass. It went down 47-47 because five Republican senators are in coronavirus quarantine. On Monday they filibustered it again, though by a narrower margin. Meanwhile, Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi released a sketch of a plan which is a lot better than the Mnuchin slush fund, but arguably still short of what's needed. Democrats in the House and the Senate will need to agree to a very aggressive plan and stick to it, if they want to save America as a whole. There is a very dangerous line of thinking that is common in Democratic circles in times of emergency. It goes something like this: In times of crisis, it is important for Democrats to behave responsibly and not exploit the situation for political gain. Therefore, they should negotiate with Republicans to get something rather than hold out for unrealistic, utopian demands and risk disaster. The problem here is that so-called "utopian demands" are really just the bare minimum of what is necessary to actually address the crisis, and letting Republicans get their way will lead to a disaster that is only somewhat less bad than what would happen if we do nothing. Moreover, Democrats have all the political leverage in this situation, because Trump will take most of the blame if the economy collapses. The only way to actually rescue the whole American population is to exploit that political leverage. The coronavirus situation thus far bears a marked resemblance to what happened with the bank bailout passed in fall 2008. The Bush administration, led by Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson, wanted a preposterously unfair rescue — shoveling hundreds of billions of dollars of cash and credit into the banks to restore the pre-crisis status quo, but doing little or nothing for the rest of the population. Because Democrats controlled the House, and because many Republicans refused to vote for what looked like big-government socialism anyway, and because Barack Obama was widely expected to be the next president, Democrats had enormous leverage over Paulson. But instead of pushing for a better response that would aid workers and hold Wall Street accountable, Obama whipped Democratic votes for Paulson's bill, which eventually passed in modified form after it failed the first time. Democrats refused to exploit their leverage because they thought it would be irresponsible. In Reed Hundt's book A Crisis Wasted, administration insiders were clear about this choice. "We could have forced more mortgage relief. We could have imposed tighter conditions on dividends and executive compensation," admitted economic adviser Austan Goolsbee. As Obama told a group of liberal writers in 2010, they "didn't do what Franklin Delano Roosevelt did, which was basically wait for six months until the thing had gotten so bad that it became an easier sell politically." As historian Eric Rauchway writes in his book Winter War, Obama's line here is a straight-up lie told by Herbert Hoover. In reality, Hoover did not want sensible, bipartisan solutions to fix the Great Depression — he wanted Roosevelt to abandon his New Deal program, which Hoover viewed as creeping communism that would "break down our form of government [and] crack the timbers of our Constitution." But again, the point of Roosevelt's New Deal was to fix the Depression and prevent it from happening again — especially by instituting harsh new financial regulations. Indeed, once Roosevelt was in office he quickly and easily fixed the banking panic that had been sweeping the nation for months using tools Hoover had dismissed out of hand. The sensible, pragmatic, responsible thing to do in 1932 and in 2008 was to tell Republicans to either do as they were told or go pound sand, and the same is true today. Democrats should propose a solution that is both fair and big enough to address the crisis, and tell Republicans to take it or leave it. As the crisis gets worse and worse, and the bodies start piling up, Republicans almost certainly will fold — indeed, at least one Republican senator has already argued the Republican plan should be more fair. Among other things, Democrats should demand much larger checks to individuals that will go out automatically in future crises, an even bigger upgrade to unemployment insurance funded by the federal government, budget backstops for state and local governments who are getting slammed, wartime-style mass state purchasing of medical equipment, and requirements that any company that gets rescued keeps its staff on payroll. But to make that demand, House Democrats will actually have to write a bill doing so. Gutless centrists will no doubt characterize this as "taking the American people hostage." In reality, it is Republicans who are taking the people hostage to try to get through a giant bailout for the rich. Democrats, should they choose to play the same kind of hardball, would be trying to save the American people in the only way it can be done — through politics. Want more essential commentary and analysis like this delivered straight to your inbox? Sign up for The Week's "Today's best articles" newsletter here.	2023-09-03T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/4843
Q: Can I use databinding formatting events to conditionally check checkboxes? The info on formatting data bound controls here Is there a non-klunky way to perform special-case formatting with bound data? is great. Now what if I want to conditionally check checkboxes - is there a way to use the formatting event to accomplish that? Currently my code is: // if gender = "N" Index = -1, if "F", index = 0, if "M" index = 1; if (platypusInfo.Gender.Equals("F")) { radioButtonFemale.Checked = true; radioButtonMale.Checked = false; } else if (platypusInfo.Gender.Equals("M")) { radioButtonMale.Checked = true; radioButtonFemale.Checked = false; } else { // (platypus.Gender == "N") radioButtonFemale.Checked = false; radioButtonMale.Checked = false; } A: Along with the Binding.Format event, there is also a Binding.Parse event that you can use to reverse the information. Each radio button would need its own databinding setup: Binding maleBind = new Binding("Checked", person, "Gender", true); maleBind.Format += new ConvertEventHandler(maleBind_Format); maleBind.Parse += new ConvertEventHandler(maleBind_Parse); radioButtonMale.DataBindings.Add(maleBind); Binding femaleBind = new Binding("Checked", person, "Gender", true); femaleBind.Format += new ConvertEventHandler(femaleBind_Format); femaleBind.Parse += new ConvertEventHandler(femaleBind_Parse); radioButtonFemale.DataBindings.Add(femaleBind); and then the events: void femaleBind_Parse(object sender, ConvertEventArgs e) { if ((bool)e.Value) e.Value = "F"; } void femaleBind_Format(object sender, ConvertEventArgs e) { e.Value = ((string)e.Value == "F"); } void maleBind_Parse(object sender, ConvertEventArgs e) { if ((bool)e.Value) e.Value = "M"; } void maleBind_Format(object sender, ConvertEventArgs e) { e.Value = ((string)e.Value == "M"); }	2024-07-30T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/1010
>>> WHILE WE WERE THERE WATCHING THE WORLD'S BEST ATHLETES COMPETE OVER THE LAST FEW WEEKS IN THE SNOW AND ON THE ICE OF PYEONGCHANG, SOUTH KOREA, WE ALSO EXPERIENCED LIFE IN ONE OF THE WORLD'S MOST TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCED COUNTRIES. IN FACT, BLOOMBERG RANKS SOUTH KOREA AS THE SINGLE MOST INNOVATIVE NATION IN THE WORLD. A COMBINATION OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENT FILINGS AND HIGHER EDUCATION MORNING OTHER FACTORS. IN OUR "SUNDAY SPOTLIGHT," NBC'S KEIR SIMMONS TAKES A LOOK AT SOUTH KOREA'S BIGGEST PROJECT COMING SOON TO AMERICA. >> Reporter: ONE OF THE MOST ADVANCED TECH NATIONS ON THE PLANET, SOUTH KOREA IS OFTEN HOME TO THE VERY LATEST GADGETRY. VIRTUAL REALITY, FACE RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY. HERE I AM. SMART HOMES, SMART ROBOTS. LIKE THESE CUTE LITTLE GUYS. * AND THEN THERE'S -- THIS. MEET METHOD II. 30 FEET TALL, WEIGHING IN AT 1.5 TONS AND WORTH $8.5 MILLION. HE'S POWERFUL. SO POWERFUL THAT FOR SAFETY, SCIENTIST HAS TO LIMIT HIS STRENGTH. >> Translator: IF THE ROBOT IS MUCH STRONGER THAN HUMANS, PEOPLE FEEL THREATENED. >> Reporter: IT'S THE CREATION OF THIS MAN WHO DREAMT ABOUT BUILDING ROBOTS AS A KID. AND TODAY, $100 MILLION LATER THAT DREAM CAME TRUE. >> Translator: WE WANTED TO MAKE A TOOL THAT HELPS HUMANS. >> Reporter: THEY GO INTO HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS LIKE NUCLEAR DISASTER ZONES. THIS METAL GIANT. WISH ME LUCK. IS ALSO THE WORLD'S FIRST MANNED BIPEDAL ROBOT, THAT MEANS YOU CAN DRIVE IT. WHOA, WHOA, WHOA. MORE ON THAT LATER. WHAT ABOUT SOMETHING MORE MY SIZE? THE ROBOT CARRYING THE OLYMPIC TORCH IS UBO. LIKE CLIMB OUT OF VEHICLES, OPEN DOORS AND WALK UPSTAIRS. SO CLEVER HE WON THE WORLD'S TOP ROBOT PRIZE IN 2015. HE CAN EVEN NAVIGATE DIFFICULT TERRAIN. THEN HE'S GOING TO TAKE THE NEXT STEP? >> RIGHT, EXACTLY. >> Reporter: THAT'S AMAZING. >> YEAH, YEAH. >> Caller: YOU'RE USING >> Reporter: YOU'RE USING AI? >> ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. >> Reporter: ROBOTS LIKE THIS MIGHT REPLACE TECHNOLOGY OR CONSTRUCTION. HOW LONG BEFORE A CONSTRUCTION WORKER OR EMERGENCY WORKER IS REPLACED? >> I WOULD THINK IT WOULD TAKE FIVE TO TEN YEARS. >> Reporter: AND THAT WORRIES A LOT OF PEOPLE. SO, ARE WE GOING TO SEE ROBOTS JUST UP AND DOWN THE SIDEWALK LIKE THIS IN THE FUTURE? >> IN YEAR'S TIME, I WOULDN'T BE SURPRISED. ACTUALLY, I'D BE SURPRISED IF THEY WEREN'T HERE. KOREANS ARE VERY COMPETITIVE, IF THEY THINK THEY CAN ADVANCE TECHNOLOGY FASTER THAN ANY OTHER COUNTRY THEY WILL DO IT. >> Reporter: SOUTH KOREA HAS THE HIGHEST ROBOT DENSITY IN THE WORLD. THERE ARE ROBOT GUIDES AT THE AIRPORT. AND EVEN ROBOT FISH. AND DURING THE OLYMPICS, ROBOT SKIERS COMPETED IN THEIR OWN GET CONDITION. NOT SURPRISING THEN THAT SOUTH KOREA IS THE FIRST COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO INTRODUCE A ROBOT TAX. BACK AT THE METHOD II LAB, IT'S THE HUMAN THAT'S IN CHARGE OF THE MACHINE. ME. MAKES ME A BIT NERVOUS. A SENSE OF POWER, IT'S AWESOME. RIGHT NOW, THERE ARE LIMITATIONS WITH ROBOT TECHNOLOGY. METHOD II IS STILL TAKING BABY STEPS. FOR SAFETY. AND UBO DOES EVERYTHING VERY, VERY SLOWLY. A FUTURE DOMINATED BY ROBOTS MAY BE A LONG WAY OFF. BYE. BUT ONE DAY, WE'LL BE NEEDING A LOT MORE OF THESE MARVELOUS MACROMACHINES. FOR "SUNDAY TODAY," KEIR SIMMONS, PYEONGCHANG, SOUTH KOREA. >> THAT IS UTTERLY TERRIFYING, KEIR SIMMONS, THANK YOU VERY MUCH. >>> FLEX ON NEXT ON "SUNDAY TODAY," A	2023-08-23T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/2930
LANSING — While lawmakers in Lansing are debating the best way to provide tax relief with the state’s nearly $1-billion budget surplus, voters in Michigan have much different thoughts on how to spend the extra cash. According to a poll of 600 Michigan residents, 38% said they think the money should go to K-12 education, another 36% say roads need an infusion of cash, while only 11% say an income tax cut is the answer. The remaining 15% chose contributions to the rainy day fund, local communities or universities, or where undecided as to their preferred recipient of excess budget dollars. The poll has a margin of error of plus or minus 4 percentage points. “You have to think, ‘Who are are they responding to?’ ” Bernie Porn, director of Lansing-based EPIC-MRA, said of legislators. EPIC-MRA conducted the poll Feb. 5 through Tuesday. “If Republican legislators decide not to do a tax cut, or just a minimal one, and they used the surplus to deal with schools and roads, they’re not going to make anybody unhappy.” Paul Schreibman, a retired dentist from West Bloomfield, said he has had to spend about $1,400 in the last couple of years on realignments and to replace two or three tires on his car blown out by potholes. “I don’t know how any politician can you look you in the eye and say this isn’t a problem. One pothole, and you’ve lost your whole tax refund,” said Schriebman, who got a refund from the State of Indiana for a pothole-flattened tire, but no satisfaction from Michigan. “It’s deplorable and disgraceful and inexcusable. Our roads are especially terrible. I can’t see how they can think about doing anything else.” Michael Fetzer, 59, of Clarkston agreed. The income tax rollback is a joke, he said. The dollar amounts, as well as just who would get any kind of tax relief, would be based on what kind of cut would be implemented. But the money likely wouldn’t be much in the end. “It’s an insult to all Michiganders. The amount of the rollbacks amount to a few McDonald’s Happy Meals per person,” said Fetzer, who moved to Michigan from Texas two years ago, partly to reconnect with family and partly because the state at the time had no tax on pensions. “The tax on pensions was applied retroactively to people who already retired and who couldn’t make up the income they were going to lose,” he said. “It just seemed unethical and immoral to impose such a large tax. I’m a lifelong Republican, but that tax caused me to change my views about the party.” State Rep. Kurt Heise, R-Plymouth, conducted an unscientific poll on his Facebook page of how surplus dollars should be spent. The majority of the more than 60 responses came from people who wanted roads fixed. “I’m hearing that in my travels more than anything else,” Heise said. “As we talk about the surplus, people are more interested in fixing the roads than a tax break. Given the winter we’ve had and the condition of the roads, people want that problem fixed first. Clearly, this winter has really hammered it home, literally, for millions of people in Michigan. “And it absolutely will certainly have an impact on the final budget allocations on tax relief, roads, education and the rainy day fund.” Porn noted that every poll the firm has done has shown an overwhelming desire by people to fix the roads. They may not want to pay extra in taxes for it, but using the surplus seems to be a no-brainer. “They’re much more amenable to using the surplus for roads,” he said, adding the support comes from all demographics, including Republicans, Democrats, tea party members and independents. “When they’re talking about tax breaks, legislators may be reading the tea leaves wrong.” But that hasn’t stopped the battle brewing in the state Capitol over tax relief and what form it might take. Republicans in the Senate are considering a straight rollback of the state income tax from 4.25% to 3.9% by 2017, and a restoration of the homestead property tax credit that was taken away with the tax reform of 2011. Republicans in the House are taking a less drastic approach, cutting the rate to 4.05% and including a trigger that kicks in and stops or accelerates the decrease depending on the economy. Gov. Rick Snyder’s proposed tax relief — in the form of a homestead property tax rebate — is more targeted at lower- and moderate-income Michiganders. And Democrats — who are loathe to agree with Snyder in an election year — are more attracted to the governor’s approach, but also want to invest more of the state’s estimated $971-million surplus into such things as roads and public education. “The tax break that I would get does not compensate for cuts to local communities and 4,000 fewer police and firefighters on the streets, and it doesn’t fix the roads,” said state Rep. Vicki Barnett, D-Farmington Hills. Republicans say a cut in the income tax is the most efficient, simple and fair way to give tax relief to the state’s taxpayers. “Now that Michigan has experienced a surplus, I believe it’s time to enact legislation for tax relief for all Michigan taxpayers,” said state Rep. Jeff Farrington, R-Utica. “An across-the-board cut is the best solution for the majority of taxpayers in Michigan.” But even among Republicans, there is a difference of opinion on how the surplus should be used. Farrington also acknowledged that much more money is needed for roads this year and that might affect the debate on tax relief. “Fixing the roads is a higher priority than tax relief. That’s just my opinion,” said Farrington, who sponsored the bill that includes a trigger for when income tax relief would happen. Sen. Dave Hildenbrand, R-Lowell, said he thinks his proposed approach of restoring the homestead property tax credit beyond even what Snyder has offered is the best answer. Snyder’s proposal would give the tax credits to homeowners and renters who make $60,000 or less and would cost the state about $100 million in revenues. Hildenbrand’s proposal would push the income ceiling up to $83,186 and would cost the state roughly $270 million in tax revenues. “We’re not going to be able to give tax relief to everybody, so if we’re going to do targeted tax relief, that’s the group I want to focus on: the men and women and families who don’t have a lot of extra money but have a lot of bills,” he said. The status of the tax bills: The Senate Finance Committee has passed a bill lowering the income tax rate to 3.9%. The cut would result in a loss of $143.6 million in the first year of the phaseout, according to an analysis of the bill, and up to $873.5 million by 2017. The committee also passed a bill Wednesday that would restore the homestead property tax credit to 2011 levels. The House Tax Policy Committee heard testimony Wednesday and is expected to vote on its form of tax relief next week. That House cut would cost the state $222 million in fiscal year 2014-15, which begins Oct. 1, $405.7 million in 2015-16, and $419.3 million in 2016-17. The governor’s proposal will be weighed as part of the ongoing debate over the 2014-15 budget. “My proposal isn’t perfect, but I’m just trying to find the closest to where we’re all going to agree on a number,” Hildenbrand said.	2024-05-10T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/4448
--- abstract: 'Employing dynamical cluster quantum Monte Carlo calculations we show that the single particle spectral weight $A(k,\omega)$ of the one-band two-dimensional Hubbard model displays a high energy kink in the quasiparticle dispersion followed by a steep dispersion of a broad peak similar to recent ARPES results reported for the cuprates. Based on the agreement between the Monte Carlo results and a simple calculation which couples the quasiparticle to spin fluctuations, we conclude that the kink and the broad spectral feature in the Hubbard model spectra is due to scattering with damped high energy spin fluctuations.' address: \| $^{1}$ University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221, USA\ $^{2}$ Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831, USA\ $^{3}$ University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530 author: - 'Alexandru Macridin$^{1}$, M. Jarrell$^{1}$, Thomas Maier$^{2}$, D. J. Scalapino$^{3}$' title: 'High energy kink in the single particle spectra of the two-dimensional Hubbard model' --- [[Introduction.]{}]{} Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has revealed much about the cuprates, including the energy scales associated with the $d$-wave gap[@z_shen_93] and a low energy kink presumably associated with strong electron-phonon coupling[@a_lanzara_01]. Recent ARPES experiments have revealed a high-energy (HE) kink and a waterfall structure[@j_graf_06a; @w_meevasana; @t_valla_06; @j_chang_06; @xie_06; @pan_06], in which the band dispersion broadens and falls abruptly at binding energies below $\approx 0.35$ eV. The origin of this kink has been attributed to a crossover from the quasiparticle (QP) to the Mott-Hubbard band[@w_meevasana; @wang_06] the settlement of spin-charge separation[@j_graf_06a], or interaction of the quasiparticles (QP) with spin fluctuation excitations[@grober_00; @odashima_05; @ronning_05; @manousakis_06; @t_valla_06]. In this Letter, we study the single particle spectral weight $A(k,\omega)$ of the one-band 2D Hubbard model with near-neighbor hopping $t$ and Coulomb interaction $U$ in the regime where $U$ is comparable to the bandwidth $W=8t$ and in the doping range relevant for cuprate superconductors. The single-band Hubbard model is believed to describe the low-energy physics of the cuprates down to energies of $\approx 2t$ below Fermi surface (FS). Surprisingly, the calculated spectra of the single band model are remarkably similar to the experimental ones down to binding energies of $\approx 4t-5t$. They reveal a sharp QP feature down to a kink energy $E_{kink}$, followed by a steep dispersion of a broad waterfall structure. We find that these features are accurately captured by a renormalized second order (RSO) approximation to the self-energy in which the QP couple only to spin fluctuations. A careful inspection of the different contributions to the RSO self energy shows that the HE kink and the waterfall structure is due to the coupling to damped high energy spin excitations. [[Formalism.]{}]{} To study the Hubbard Hamiltonian we employ the dynamical cluster approximation (DCA)[@hettler:dca; @maier:rev], a cluster dynamical mean-field theory which maps the original lattice model onto a periodic cluster of size $N_c=L_c^2$ embedded in a self-consistent host. Correlations up to a range $L_c$ are treated explicitly, while those at longer length scales are described at the mean-field level. With increasing cluster size, the DCA systematically interpolates between the single-site dynamical mean field (DMFT)[@DMFT] and the exact result. Cluster dynamical mean field calculations of the Hubbard model are found to reproduce many of the features of the cuprates, including a Mott gap and strong AF correlations, d-wave superconductivity and pseudogap behavior [@maier:rev]. We solve the cluster problem using a quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) algorithm [@jarrell:dca] and employ the maximum entropy method [@jarrell:mem] to calculate the real frequency spectra. The results presented here are obtained from calculations on $N_c=16$ and $N_c=24$ site clusters for $U=8t$. [[Results.]{}]{} The single particle spectral weight of the one-band Hubbard model $A(k,\omega)=-\frac{1}{\pi}ImG(k,\omega)$ reveals a high energy kink in the QP dispersion. This feature is present for a large range of doping values, from the undoped system up to $\approx 30\%$ doping and along different cuts of the Fermi surface (FS). In Fig. \[fig:FC\] -a and -b we show an intensity map of $A(k,\omega)$ along the diagonal ($(0,0)-(\pi,\pi)$) and center to zone edge ($(0,0)-(\pi,0)$) directions at $20\%$ doping. In both cases an intense QP peak which cuts the FS can be noticed at small energies above $E_{kink} \approx t$. At higher binding energies the dispersion becomes very steep, the peak broadens and decreases in intensity. $E_{kink}$ is weakly decreasing with doping and is weakly dependent on the cut across the FS (not shown). These results are in good agreement with recent experimental findings[@j_graf_06a; @w_meevasana; @t_valla_06; @j_chang_06; @xie_06; @pan_06]. We find the kink position along the diagonal direction to be at a momentum larger than $(\pi/4,\pi/4)$. The next-nearest and next-next-nearest neighbor hoppings $t'$ and $t''$, respectively, can however modify the position of the HE kink in the BZ (not shown). This indicates that $(\pi/4,\pi/4)$ has no particular relevance for the locus of HE kink in the momentum space contrary to some previous suggestions [@j_graf_06a; @wang_06; @pan_06]. This conclusion is consistent with experimental results reported for $LBCO$ [@t_valla_06]. ![(color) Intensity map of the spectral weight $A(k,\omega)$ for $T=0.14t$, $U=8t$ and $n=0.80$. In (a) and (c), k runs along a nodal $(0,0)-(\pi,\pi)$ cut and for (b) and (d) k runs along $(0,0)-(\pi,0)$. The DCA results shown in (a) and (b) were obtained using a 16 site cluster ($N_c=16$) and the RSO results shown in (c) and (d) were obtained using a self-energy given by Eq. (1) with $\bar{U}=0.4U$. A kink followed by a broad waterfall feature is noticed below $E_{kink} \approx t$. The thin line in (a) and (b) indicates the bare dispersion $E(k)$.[]{data-label="fig:FC"}](./FCcondmat.eps){width="3.3in"} The HE kink can be inferred from the frequency dependence of the self-energy $\Sigma(\k,\omega)$. In Fig. \[fig:self\] we show $\Sigma(\k,\omega)$ at three different $\k$ points along the diagonal direction. At the kink energy the $\k$ dependence of the self-energy is weak. Starting from the Fermi energy and increasing $-\omega$, $Re \Sigma(\k,\omega)$ has a negative slope characteristic of a QP with an enhanced effective mass. The QP is positioned at the intersection of $\omega-E(\k)+\mu$ with $Re \Sigma(\k,\omega)$ and is sharp (see Fig. \[fig:self\]-a), a consequence of a small $Im \Sigma(\k,\omega)$. Here $E(\k)=-2t(\cos k_x +\cos k_y )$ is the bare dispersion. This QP feature persists down to an energy $-\omega =E_{kink}$ where $Re \Sigma(\k,\omega)$ shows a maximum. At larger binding energies $Re \Sigma(\k,\omega)$ has a positive slope which results in the steep dispersion characterizing the waterfall region seen in ARPES. The slope increases with a finite $t'$ resulting in a steeper waterfall dispersion (not shown). However in the waterfall region, $Im \Sigma(\k,\omega)$ is large yielding a broad and asymmetric feature in $A(k,\omega)$ (see Fig. \[fig:self\] -b $\&$ c), with the maximum still at the intersection of $\omega-E(\k)+\mu$ with $Re \Sigma(\k,\omega)$. The region where $Re \Sigma(\k,\omega)$ has a positive slope spans a large energy range, between $-t$ and $-6t$, thus characterizing the spectrum down to the $\Gamma$ point at the bottom of the band (Fig. \[fig:self\] -c). It is interesting to notice that the asymmetry of the spectral feature below $E_{kink}$ in Fig. \[fig:self\] -b and -c reveals the existence of two maxima in $A(k,\omega)$ pushed together. In fact these two maxima are much better separated if a finite $t'$ is considered, one with a steep dispersion and the other with a strongly renormalized one. Similar behavior has been seen in experiment (see Fig.4 in[@j_graf_06a]). We will present results for the Hubbard model with higher order hoppings elsewhere. The DCA results for the HE kink are different from the results of other approaches such as the four-pole approximation[@grober_00; @odashima_05] which considers the scattering of the QP in the lower Hubbard band on spin excitations, or the DMFT[@K.; @Byczuk_06]. These studies find a $Re \Sigma(\k,\omega)$ in the waterfall region with a slope much larger than one, and hence the corresponding $A(k,\omega)$ displays a gap between two distinct bands. Here, we find $0 < \partial Re\Sigma(\omega)/\partial \omega < 1$ near the kink, resulting in a dispersive waterfall feature in $A(k,\omega)$. ![(color online) Real part $Re\Sigma(\k,\omega)-\mu$ (thick full) and imaginary part $ -Im \Sigma(\k,\omega)$ (dashed) of the self-energy at a) $\k=(\pi/2,\pi/2)$, b) $\k=(\pi/4,\pi/4)$ and c) $\k=(0,0)$. The peak in $A(k,\omega)$ (thin line) corresponds to the intersection of $Re\Sigma(\k,\omega)-\mu$ with $\omega-E(\k)$ (dashed-dotted). The QP is well defined down to $-\omega =E_{kink}$ where $Im\Sigma(\k,\omega)$ is small. At larger binding energies a waterfall structure develops.[]{data-label="fig:self"}](./self_Akwn_shift.eps){width="3.3in"} Since the spin fluctuations are known to be strong in the cuprates, a reasonable assumption for the origin of the HE kink is the scattering of QP with spin excitations[@grober_00; @odashima_05; @ronning_05; @manousakis_06; @t_valla_06]. In order to understand the origin of the HE kink in our results, we therefore test how well a simple renormalized second order (RSO) approximation to the self-energy given by $$\label{eq:rso_self} \Sigma^{RSO}(\K,i\omega)= \frac{3}{2}\bar{U}^2\sum_Q \sum_{\nu} G_c(\K-\Q,i\omega-i\nu) \chi_c (Q,i\nu)~\,,$$ analytically continued to real frequencies, can describe the “exact” DCA self-energy. In Eq. (\[eq:rso\_self\]), $G_c(\K,i\omega)$ and $\chi_c(\Q,i\nu)$ are the interacting cluster DCA Green’s function and spin susceptibility respectively and $\bar{U}$ is a renormalized interaction vertex[@m_norman_87; @a_kampf_90]. $\K$ and $\Q$ are the cluster momenta[@maier:rev]. This approximation neglects the frequency and momentum corrections to the interaction vertex, and the contributions from the charge and pairing channels which we find considerably smaller than the contribution from the spin channel. By comparing the DCA results for $A(k,\omega)$ in Fig. \[fig:FC\] -a and b with the corresponding spectra calculated with the RSO approximation shown in Fig. \[fig:FC\] -c and -d, respectively, one can see that the HE kink is well captured by the spin RSO approximation. To obtain this agreement we have set $\bar{U}=0.4 U$. We also find good agreement between the DCA and RSO results for $A(k,\omega)$ at $5\%$ doping with $\bar{U}=0.3 U$ (not shown). The similarity between the DCA and RSO spectra can be deduced from the corresponding self-energies. $Re\Sigma^{RSO}(\K,\omega)$ is shown in Fig. \[fig:RSO\] -a with dashed lines at $\K=(\pi/2,\pi/2)$ and $\K=(0,0)$ at $20\%$ doping. Like the DCA self-energy (full lines) $Re\Sigma^{RSO}(\K,\omega)$ shows a maximum at $\omega=-E_{kink}$ which causes the kink seen in the QP dispersion. The DCA and RSO self-energies agree well over the energy range relevant for the HE kink, especially in the optimally doped and overdoped regions ($15\%-30\%$ doping). The agreement is still good at small doping as can be seen from Fig. \[fig:RSO\] -b, where the $5\%$ doping case at $\K=(\pi/4,\pi/4)$ is shown. However at small doping the RSO self-energy gives a smaller $E_{kink}$ and a steeper waterfall dispersion, presumably due to the neglect of strong coupling effects which become important in this region. At positive $\omega$ of order of several $t$ the RSO self-energy differs from the DCA one, resulting in an underestimation of the Mott gap. A careful analysis of the different $\Q$ contributing to the RSO self-energy in Eq. (\[eq:rso\_self\]) shows that the HE kink is caused by scattering from high energy spin excitations. As an example, the red line in Fig. \[fig:RSO\] -c is the net contribution to the real part of the self-energy at $\K=(\pi/2,0)$ from $\chi_c(\Q,\nu)$ with $\Q=(\pi,\pi/2)$, $\Q=(0,\pi/2)$, $\Q=(\pi/2,\pi/2)$ and $\Q=(0,\pi)$[@DCA_chi]. It displays a maximum at $\omega=-E_{kink}$, the typical energy associated with spin excitations at the magnetic zone boundary (see next paragraph), thus yielding the HE kink. The low energy spin excitations at the zone center (green) and zone corner (blue) do not contribute to the maximum in $Re\Sigma^{RSO}(\K,\omega)$ and therefore are not important for the HE kink. The analysis of $Re\Sigma^{RSO}(\K,\omega)$ at other $\K$ values leads to the same conclusions. ![(color) a) $Re\Sigma(\k,\omega)-\mu$ at $\K=(\pi/2,\pi/2)$ (black) and $\K=(0,0)$ (red) at $20\%$ doping a) and at $\K=(\pi/4,\pi/4)$ and $5\%$ doping b). The full (dashed) lines are the DCA (RSO, Eq.\[eq:rso\_self\]) results. c) Contribution to $Re\Sigma^{RSO}(\K,\omega)$ (black) with $\K=(\pi/2,0)$ from spin excitations with different momentum $\Q$. The high energy spin excitations (red) yield a maximum at $\omega=-E_{kink}$. The low energy spin excitations with $\Q=(0,0)$ (green) and $\Q=(\pi,\pi)$ (blue) have a negligible contribution to the HE kink.[]{data-label="fig:RSO"}](./RSOfinal.eps){width="3.3in"} Short range spin excitations with a characteristic energy $2J\approx 8t^2/U$ persist up to relative large doping. The magnetic structure factor $S(\Q,\omega)$ for different values of the doping is shown in Fig. \[fig:magnon\] -a, -b, -c, -d, $\&$ -e at different cluster $\Q$ in the BZ. In the undoped system $S(\Q,\omega)$ shows sharp magnon peaks with an energy predicted in agreement with the spin-density wave (SDW) approximation [@manousakis_rmp], as can be seen in Fig. \[fig:magnon\] -f where the magnon dispersion along the diagonal direction is shown[@magnon_dca]. With increasing doping $S(\Q,\omega)$ broadens and, in the region of the BZ corresponding to high energy spin excitations, still retains a well defined maximum at an energy of order of $\approx 2J$, as shown in Figs. \[fig:magnon\] -a through -d. In this region of the BZ the total weight of $S(\Q,\omega)$ does not change much with increasing doping but a significant transfer of weight to higher energies can be noticed. For instance the peaks in $S(\Q,\omega)$ at $\Q=(0,\pi)$ and $\Q=(0,\pi/2)$ are positioned at $\approx 2J$ for $0\%$, $5\%$ and $20\%$ doping. The magnon peaks at $\Q=(\pi/2,\pi)$ and $\Q=(\pi/2,\pi/2)$ soften a little with doping, presumably causing the small decrease in $E_{kink}$ with doping. However, we find that the low energy spin excitations around $\Q=(\pi,\pi)$ are more strongly affected by doping as may be seen in Fig \[fig:magnon\] -e. The total spectral weight is strongly reduced with doping. At $20\%$ doping $S((\pi,\pi),\omega)$ shows a broad peak with a maximum at an energy $\approx J$. ![(color online) a), b), c), d) $\&$ e) Doping dependence of $S(\Q,\omega)$ for different $\Q$ in the BZ. High energy spin excitations persist when the doping is increased, displaying a maximum at $\omega \approx 2J$ in $S(\Q,\omega)$. In e) $S((\pi.\pi),\omega)$ is scaled with a factor of $0.1$. f) Dispersion of the magnon peak along the diagonal direction for different dopings. Here $U=8t$ and $T=0.14t$.[]{data-label="fig:magnon"}](./magnon.eps){width="3.3in"} [[Discussions.]{}]{} These results suggest that the HE kink is caused by coupling to damped high-energy spin fluctuations. The dispersive spectral feature in the waterfall region is a consequence of $Re\Sigma$ with $0<\partial Re\Sigma(\omega)/\partial \omega < 1$. This requires scattering on damped excitations with an energetically broad spectrum. As seen in Fig.\[fig:self\], the scattering rate $-Im\Sigma$ initially increases with $-\omega$. However, at higher binding energies $Im\Sigma$ passes through a maximum and decreases as the phase space for the final scattering states decreases. Within the RSO approximation this reflects the convolution of the spin-fluctuation particle-hole continuum with $A(k,\omega)$ and leads, in the present case, to a peak in $-Im\Sigma$ for $\omega\approx-3t$. The structure in the $Re\Sigma$ follows from the Kramers-Kronig relation and can be understood a result of energy level repulsion. At small values of $-\omega$ the majority of the states in the single-particle-spin-fluctuation convolution have energies larger than $-\omega$ and give rise to the usual QP mass enhancement. However, at larger values of $-\omega$, the dominant contribution from these intermediate states comes from states with lower energies leading to the decrease in $Re\Sigma$ and driving the dispersion of the spectral feature at high binding energies below the bare dispersion (thin line in Fig.\[fig:FC\]). While the main features of HE kink and waterfall can be captured with a single-band model with $U \approx W$, comparison with experiment requires realistic values for the Hamiltonian parameters. We already mentioned that a next-nearest neighbor hopping $t'$ makes the waterfall dispersion steeper, presumably due to sharper spin excitations[@macridin_arpes]. A $t''$ hopping moves $\k_f$ and the locus of HE kink on the diagonal direction in BZ towards the $\Gamma$-point. We also find that $E_{kink}$ decreases with increasing U presumably due to the reduction of effective $J$ (not shown). At high energy, the experimental ARPES in cuprates show oxygen valence states in the proximity to the $\Gamma$ point[@j_graf_06a; @w_meevasana], which obviously are not captured with a single-band Hubbard model. Moreover other states missing in the single band model, such as the $d_{3z^2-r^2}$ states, should also be considered when analyzing the experimental ARPES spectra below $0.5~eV$, as multi-orbital calculations for cuprates indicate[@eskes]. The simple renormalized second order ansatz, Eq. \[eq:rso\_self\], seems to provide a good description of the single-particle ARPES spectra of the Hubbard model with parameters relevant for the cuprates outside the pseudogap regime. This suggests that this ansatz could be used to analyze experiments where $\chi(q,\omega)$ is measured by neutron scattering, and used to construct the ARPES spectra. $\bar U$ could be fixed by fitting the RSO spectra to the high energy kink. Consistency between the measured and constructed spectra would strongly suggest that the HE kink in the experimental ARPES spectra may be described with a single-band model and is due to the coupling to spin fluctuations. As discussed elsewhere[@th_maier_06], a similar RSO result also provides an accurate description of the pairing interaction of the Hubbard model in the regime relevant for the cuprates. Thus the neutron spectra, together with the $\bar U$ obtained from the fit above, could be used in a simple RSO calculation of the superconducting phase diagram. [[Conclusions.]{}]{} By employing DCA calculations we show that the single-band Hubbard model captures the HE kink structure seen in the cuprates. The kink occurs as a crossover from a well defined QP peak to a waterfall structure characterized by a broad and asymmetric feature with steep dispersion. The structure of the HE kink is well captured by a simple renormalized second order self-energy which couples the quasiparticle to spin fluctuations. A careful decomposition of the contributions to the RSO self-energy indicate that the HE kink and the waterfall structure in the spectrum of the Hubbard model is due to the damped high energy spin fluctuation continuum. We thank T. Devereaux, A. Lanzara, W. Meevasana, B. Moritz, G. A. Sawatzky and F. C. Zhang for useful discussions. This research was supported by NSF DMR-0312680 and CMSN DOE DE-FG02-04ER46129. Supercomputer was provided by NSF SCI-9619020 through resources provided by the San Diego Supercomputer Center and the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. TM and DJS acknowledges the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored by the Division of Scientific User Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy. [99]{} Z.X. Shen, [et al.]{}, Phys. Rev. Lett. [70]{}, 1553 (1993). A. Lanzara, [et al.]{}, Nature, [[412]{}]{}, 510, (2001). J. Graf, [et al.]{}, preprint, cond-mat/0607319. W. Meevasana, [et al.]{}, preprint, cond-mat/0612541. T. Valla, [et al.]{}, preprint, cond-mat/0610249. J. Chang, [et al.]{}, preprint, cond-mat/0610880. B. P. Xie, [et al.]{}, preprint, cond-mat/0607450. Z.-H. Pan, [et al.]{}, preprint, cond-mat/0610442. Q.-H. Wang, [et al.]{}, preprint, cond-mat/0610491. C. Grober, [et al.]{}, Phys. Rev. B [[62]{}]{}, 4336 (2000). S. Odashima, [et al.]{}, Phys. Rev. B [[72]{}]{}, 205121 (2005). F. Ronning, [et al.]{}, Phys. Rev. B [[71]{}]{}, 094518 (2005). E. Manousakis, preprint, cond-mat/0608467. M. H. Hettler , [et al.]{}, Phys. Rev. B [[58]{}]{}, R7475 (1998); M. H. Hettler [et al.]{}, Phys. Rev. B [[61]{}]{},12739 (2000). Th. Maier, [et al.]{}, Rev. Mod. Phys. [77]{}, 1027 (2005). A. Georges, [et al.]{}, Rev.Mod.Phys. [68]{}, 13 (1996) M. Jarrell [et al.]{}, Phys. Rev. B [64]{}, 195130 (2001). M. Jarrell [et al.]{}, Physics Reports [269]{} No.3, 133 (1996). K. Byczuk, [et al.]{},preprint, cond-mat/0609594. A. Kampf and J.R. Schrieffer, Phys. Rev. B [42]{}, 7967 (1990). M. R. Norman, Phys. Rev. Lett. [59]{}, 232 (1987). In DCA $\chi_c(\Q, \nu)$ is the average of $\chi(\q, \nu)$ over the momenta in the coarse-grained cell centered on $\Q$[@maier:rev]. E. Manousakis, Rev. Mod. Phys. [63]{}, 1 (1991). Due to the cutoff of the AF correlations outside the cluster the energy of the magnon peak at $\Q=(\pi,\pi)$ at small doping is finite and goes to zero with increasing the cluster size. A. Macridin,[et al.]{} Phys. Rev. Lett. [97]{}, 036401 (2006) H. Eskes, [et al.]{}, Phys. Rev. Lett. [61]{}, 1415 (1988). T.A. Maier, [et al.]{} , preprint, cond-mat/0612579	2024-07-22T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5233
[Expression and significances of FSCN1 and HGF in nasal inverted papilloma]. To study the expressions of FSCN1 and HGF in nasal inverted papilloma (NIP) and explore their role in occurrence and development of this disease. Immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of FSCN1 and HGF in 12 cases of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, 40 cases of NIP and 14 cases of NIP with malignant transformation. FSCN1 was expressed in 52.5% of NIP, 78.6% of NIP with malignant transformation and 8.3% of inferior turbinate of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis. Expression of FSCN1 was significantly higher in NIP and NIP with malignant transformation than in inferior turbinate (P<0.05). HGF was expressed in 85.7% of NIP with malignant transformation and 8.3% of inferior turbinate. Expression of HGF was significantly higher in NIP with malignant transformation than in inferior turbinate (P<0.05). HGF was expressed in 40.0% of NIP,which was higher than that of inferior turbinate. Expression of HGF was positively related to expression of FSCN1 in NIP and NIP with malignant transformation. The abnormal expression of FSCN1 and HGF may be closely correlated with NIP and its malignant process. Analysis of FSCN1 and HGF expression in NIP may be useful in predicting malignant transformation.	2024-06-02T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/3327
--- address: \| Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics\ Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-7501 USA\ [Submitted to Physical Review Letters, June 14, 1997]{} author: - 'Michael J. Coleman and Andy Ruina' date: revised title: An Uncontrolled Toy That Can Walk But Cannot Stand Still --- epsf #### Introduction. {#introduction. .unnumbered} Human walking on level ground involves dynamic balance which, if viewed in a course–grained way, is presumably asymptotically stable. This observed stability of walking must depend on some combination of neurological control and mechanical features. The common view is that neuro-muscular control is responsible for this balance. To what extent is neuro-muscular coordination of animal locomotion, say human walking, really necessary? The bold proposal of McGeer [@mcgeer7:1989; @mcgeer3:1990; @mcgeer4:1990; @mcgeer6:1992; @mcgeer9:1992; @mcgeer8:1993] is that much of the stabilization of walking might be understood without control. The possibility that asymptotically stable balance can be achieved without control is somewhat unintuitive since top-heavy upright things tend to fall down when standing still or, more generally, since dynamical systems often run away from potential energy maxima. Two mechanics issues that bear on such stability considerations are that: 1) Hamiltonian (conservative and holonomic) dynamical systems cannot have asymptotic stability, and 2) conservative [non]{}holonomic systems can have asymptotically (exponentially) stable steady motions in some variables while at most mildly unstable in the others, as recalled in Zenkov, [et al.]{} [@zenkov:1997]. Since before the clever patent of Fallis in 1888 [@fallis:1888] (the oldest reference we have), there have been two and four leg passive-dynamic walking toys that either walk downhill or that walk on level ground when pulled by a string. All such toys that we know about are statically stable when they are not walking. While their motion is engaging to watch, their dynamic stability is perhaps not so great a surprise. #### McGeer’s passive-dynamic walkers. {#mcgeers-passive-dynamic-walkers. .unnumbered} Inspired by a double pendulum simulation of swinging legs [@mochon2:1980] and by simple walking toys, McGeer successfully sought and found two-dimensional, straight-legged and kneed walking model designs that displayed graceful, stable, human-like walking on a range of shallow slopes with no actuation (besides gravity) and no control. McGeer termed the motions of these machines [passive-dynamic]{} walking. All of McGeer’s successful designs, as well as those of his imitators thus far [@garcia:1997; @coleman:1997; @goswami:1997b], have been more-or-less constrained against falling over sideways so that their dynamic balance is fore-aft only. These machines cannot stand stably upright except when their legs are spread fore and aft. The dynamic stability of these devices could be dependent on the static stability of this spread-leg configuration which is visited momentarily during walking. While human walking motion is mostly in the sagittal (fore-aft and vertical) plane, the stability of out-of-plane (sideways) motions is an issue important to a more complete understanding of three-dimensional walking. McGeer’s [@mcgeer6:1992] numerical 3-D studies only led to unstable periodic motions. Fowble and Kuo [@kuo:1996] numerically simulated a passive-dynamic 3D model of walking but also did not find stable passive motions. Our recent investigations of walking balance have been based on attempts to design mechanisms that vaguely mimic human geometry and walk without control. This paper describes one such primitive design (first reported in [@coleman3:1997]) which extends to three dimensions, at least experimentally, the remarkable two-dimensional walking mechanisms of McGeer. #### Spinning parts and nonholonomic constraints. {#spinning-parts-and-nonholonomic-constraints. .unnumbered} Humans are notably lacking in gyros, flywheels or other spinning parts. Things with spinning parts, like tops and gyros, are well known to be capable of balancing near a potential energy maximum. The common model of an energy conserving point-contact gyro, however, does not have asymptotic stability since it is Hamiltonian. Adding a rounded tip to the top, with nonholonomic rolling contact, is not stabilizing. A spinning top with dissipation, however, can be asymptotically stable in a transient sense in that, over a limited time until the spinning rate has slowed too much, vertical motion is approached exponentially. The observed asymptotic stability of rolling coins and the like also depends on dissipation. We know of only a few uncontrolled three-dimensional devices that can have asymptotically stable steady motions at or near a potential energy maximum, without depending on fast spinning parts. These devices are all nonholonomically-constrained and conservative: (1) a no-hands bicycle with massless wheels (say skates) and a special mass distribution [@hand:1988; @papadopoulos:1988]; (2) closely related to the bicycle is a rolling disk with eccentric masses that bank and steer but do not pitch with the disk [@papadopoulos:1988; @coleman:1997]; (3) a no-hands tricycle (where gyroscopic terms from the spinning wheels are not relevant for balance because of the three point support) with a mildly soft de-centering (negative spring constant) spring on the steering [@rocard:1960; @sharp:1983]; (4) a rigid rider attached appropriately to a moving skate-board [@hubbard:1979]; and (5) a statically unstable boat with an ideal keel, acting as a nonholonomic constraint, that is steered by the boat lean similarly to how a bicycle front wheel is steered by bike lean [@cardanha:1991]. Certain gliding aircraft might also be considered as an example, but the definition of a potential energy maximum is less clear for planes since there is no well defined reference for measuring potential energy. All of these devices differ from walking mechanisms in that they are constrained against fore-aft tipping (the walking devices have fore-aft dynamics), they conserve energy (the walkers lose energy at joint and foot impacts and use up gravitational potential energy), and they are nonholonomically constrained (most of the walkers are well modeled as piecewise holonomic). #### Intermittent contact and nonholonomicity. {#intermittent-contact-and-nonholonomicity. .unnumbered} Mechanical systems that are asymptotically stable must be non-Hamiltonian. Two mechanisms for losing the Hamiltonian structure of governing equations are dissipation and nonholonomic constraints. The primary examples of nonholonomic constraint are rolling contact and skate-like sliding contact. For these two smooth constraints, and other less physical nonholonomic constraints, the set of allowed differential motions is not integrable. That is, the constraints are not equivalent to a restriction of the space of admissible configurations. For smooth nonholonomic systems, the dimension of the configuration space accessible to the system is greater than the dimension of the velocity space allowed by the constraints. An intermittent non-slipping contact constraint can also cause the dimension of the accessible configuration space to be greater than the dimension of the accessible velocity space. As suggested by one simple example [@ruina:1997], this discrete nonholonomicity may account for exponential stability of some systems. The walking models we study are all nonholonomic in this intermittent sense (and also in the conventional sense if they have rounded feet). They can, for example, translate forwards by walking although the contact constraint does not allow forward sliding. #### Dynamical modeling. {#dynamical-modeling. .unnumbered} Fig. \[pointfoot3D.config\] shows a 3D model which probably captures the essential geometric and mass-distribution features of the physical model presented here. The device, at least at the level of approximation which we believe is appropriate, is a pair of symmetric rigid bodies (leg 1 = stance leg, leg 2 = swing leg) that have mass $m$, symmetrically located (in the rest state) centers of mass $G_{1,2}$, and mirror-symmetry related moment of inertia matrices with respect to the center of mass ${\bf I}_{1,2}$. The legs are connected by a frictionless hinge at the hip with center point $H$ and orientation $\hat{\bf n}$ normal to the symmetry plane of the legs. Each of the two legs can make rolling and collisional contact with the ground (slope $=\alpha$) with no contact couples. The gravitational acceleration is $\bf g$. The (reduced) dynamical state of the model is determined by the orientations and angular velocities of the legs. The stance leg orientation is determined by standard Euler angles $\psi$, $\theta_{\rm st}$, $\phi$ for lean, pitch and steer. The configuration of the swing leg is described by the angle $\theta_{\rm sw}$. The absolute position of the walker on the plane does not enter into the governing equations. The instantaneous point of contact of the stance leg with the ground is $C$ and the point of the impending contact is $D$. We assume ground collisions are without bounce or slip. The unreduced accessible configuration space is six-dimensional (the above angles plus position on the slope) whereas at any instant in time the accessible velocity space is four-dimensional (the four dynamical state variables). Hence the overall nonholonomicity ($6>4$) of this system which is smooth and holonomic at all but instants of collision. The model is also dissipative due to kinetic energy loss at the collisions. The model is well-posed since the governing equations for rigid bodies in hinged, rolling, and plastic-collisional contact are well established. The equations which govern the evolution of the state of the system ${\bf q}=\{\phi, \dot{\phi}, \psi,\dot{\psi}, \theta_{\rm st},\dot{\theta}_{\rm st}, \theta_{\rm sw}, \dot{\theta}_{\rm sw}\}$ follow from angular momentum balance (or other equivalent principles). Between collisions, we have angular momentum balance for the whole system about the contact point $C$ $$% \sum_{i=1,2}{\bf r}_{_{\!G_i/C}}\! \times m{\bf g} = \!\! \sum_{i=1,2} \left[ {\bf r}_{_{\!G_i/C}}\! \times m{\bf a}_i + \mbox{\boldmath$\omega$}_i \times \left({\bf I}_i\mbox{\boldmath$\omega$}_i \right) + {\bf I}_i \dot{\mbox{\boldmath$\omega$}}_i \right] % \label{goveqs1}$$ where ${\bf r}_{G_i/C}\equiv {\bf r}_{G_i}-{\bf r}_C$, the center of mass velocities and accelerations are ${\bf v}_{1,2}$ and ${\bf a}_{1,2}$, and the angular velocities are $\mbox{\boldmath$\omega$}_{1,2}$. Angular momentum balance for the swing leg about the hip axis $\hat{\bf n}$ is $$% \hat{\bf n}\cdot \left\{{\bf r}_{_{\!G_2/H}} \times m{\bf g}\right. = \left.{\bf r}_{_{\!G_2/H}} \times m{\bf a}_{_2} +\mbox{\boldmath$\omega$}_{_2} \times \left( {\bf I}_2\mbox{\boldmath$\omega$}_{_2} \right) + {\bf I}_2 \dot{\mbox{\boldmath$\omega$}}_{_2} \right\} % \label{goveqs2}$$ The eight collisional jump conditions come from continuity of configuration through the collision, conservation of angular momentum of the system about the new contact point $D$, $$% \left. \sum_{i=1,2} {\bf r}_{_{\!G_i/D}} \times m{\bf v}_{_i} + {\bf I}_i\mbox{\boldmath$\omega$}_i \right\|_{-} \!\!\! = \! \left. \sum_{i=1,2} {\bf r}_{_{\!G_i/D}} \times m{\bf v}_{_i} + {\bf I}_i\mbox{\boldmath$\omega$}_{_i} \right\|_{+} % \label{jump1}$$ and conservation of angular momentum for the swing leg about the swing hinge axis $$% \hat{\bf n}\cdot \!\left\{ \left.{\bf r}_{_{\!G_1/H}} \times m{\bf v}_{_1} + {\bf I}_1\mbox{\boldmath$\omega$}_{_1} \right\|_{-} \right. = \left. \left.{\bf r}_{_{\!G_2/H}} \times m{\bf v}_{_2} + {\bf I}_2\mbox{\boldmath$\omega$}_{_2} \right\|_{+} \right\} % \label{jump2}$$ where the respective sides are to be evaluated just before ($-$) and after ($+$) foot collision with the ground. The second jump condition Eqn. (\[jump2\]) is being applied to the same leg as it switches from stance (subscript 1) to swing (subscript 2). Both jump conditions, Eqns. (\[jump1\]) and (\[jump2\]) also assume no collisional impulse from the ground to the leg which is just leaving the ground. The governing equations and jump conditions above are expressed in terms of positions, velocities, and accelerations, which are all complicated functions of the state variables. As a result, the governing equations are massive expressions (pages long). We assembled the kinematic expressions and governing differential equations using symbolic algebra software (MAPLE). The no-slip rolling condition is that the velocity of the material point in contact at $C$ is zero. The acceleration of this point, needed to calculate the accelerations of $G_{1,2}$, is given by $\mbox{\boldmath$\omega$}^{}\cdot \mbox{\bf R}\mbox{\boldmath$\omega$}^{}$ where $\mbox{\boldmath$\omega$}^{}$ is the in-the-contact-plane part of the angular velocity and [R]{} is the inverse of the local surface curvature matrix. So far, we have only studied a simplification with point-contact feet ($r_{1} = r_{2} =0$, [R]{} is the zero matrix) and no hip spacing ($w=0$). In this case, when a foot is on the ground, the contact acts like a ball-and-socket joint and the only nonholonomy is that of intermittent contact. In order to study the stability of such systems, following McGeer, we represent an entire gait cycle by a Poincaré map $${\bf f}({\bf q}_{k})={\bf q}_{k+1}$$ from the state of the system ${\bf q}_{k}$ [just]{} after a foot collision to the state ${\bf q}_{k+1}$ [just]{} after the next collision of the same foot (two leg swings and two foot collisions per map iteration). We evaluate $\bf f$ using numerical integration of Eqns. (\[goveqs1\]) and (\[goveqs2\]) between collisions and applying the jump conditions Eqns. (\[jump1\]) and (\[jump2\]), at each foot collision. For this model, the map is seven-dimensional ($8 - 1$), but we treat it as eight-dimensional for numerical convenience. Fixed points of the return map $\bf f$ ($\bf q$ with ${\bf f}({\bf q})={\bf q}$) correspond to periodic gait cycles (not necessarily stable). We find fixed points by numerical root finding on the function $\bf f-q$, sometimes using fixed points from models with nearby parameter values to initialize searches. We determine the stability of periodic motions by numerically calculating the eigenvalues of the linearization of the return map at the fixed points. If the magnitudes of some of the eigenvalues are less than one (with all others equal to one), then the fixed point is asymptotically stable in those variables. Because there are a family of limit cycles at different headings one eigenvalue is always one. Because we use eight instead of seven dimensions in our map, one eigenvalue is always zero. To date, like McGeer [@mcgeer6:1992] and Fowble and Kuo [@kuo:1996] who studied similar simulations, we have found only unstable periodic motions, though less unstable than theirs. A nearly stable case from our numerical studies has maximum eigenvalue modulus of about 1.15, one of exactly one, and the other six less than one. Fore-aft balance has already been achieved with two-dimensional walking models whose stable fixed points we use as starting points for the 3D analysis. Thus the eigenvector associated with the maximum eigenvalue corresponds to falling over sideways (i. e., is dominated by $\psi,\dot{\psi}$ component) as expected. The most stable mass distributions we have found do not have very human-like parameters; each leg has a center of mass closer to the foot than the hip, and laterally displaced at about $90\%$ of the leg length. In this almost-stable case, the walker’s legs have a mass distribution corresponding roughly to laterally extended balance bars, like what might be used for walking on a tight-rope. In the limit, as the lateral offset of the center of mass gets very large, the device approaches, for sideways balance, an inverted pendulum with large rotational inertia. The step periods remain bounded. Negligible falling acceleration can thus occur in one step and the modulus of the maximum eigenvalue of the linearized step–to–step map asymptotically approaches one, or apparent neutral stability, from [above]{}. Thus the closeness of the largest map eigenvalue modulus to one is not a complete measure of closeness to stability. However, when averaged over a step cycle, this model does fall more slowly than a corresponding inverted pendulum and the low eigenvalue is not just a result of slowed falling due to large rotary inertia. #### The toy.* {#the-toy. .unnumbered} As a non-working demonstration of the kinematics and mass distributions in our simulations, and not for walking experiments, we assembled a device similar to the one shown in Fig. \[tinker.toy\]. It has two straight legs, separated by simple hinges at the hips, laterally extending balance mass rods, and rounded feet. Playing, with no hopes of success, we placed the toy on a ramp. Surprisingly, it took a few serendipitous, if not very steady or stable, steps. After some non-quantifiable tinkering, we arrived at the functioning device shown. Our physical model is constructed from a popular American child’s construction toy, brass strips to round the feet bottoms, and various steel nuts for balance masses. The walking ramp has about a 4.5 degree slope and is narrow enough to avoid making contact with the balance masses as the walker rocks side-to-side. Another more complex assembly of similar toy parts (not described here) walks on a wide ramp. #### Aside: construction details. {#aside-construction-details. .unnumbered} The device is built using the Playskool$^{\circledR}$ Tinkertoy$^{\circledR}$ Construction System: Colossal Constructions$^{\mbox{TM}}$, 1991 set. One leg is made from a yellow spool, a light green rod, and a dark green hinge (plus ‘$+$’ shaped) glued together. Then, we slid the legs onto a red rod (loose fit) which acts as an axle. The green hinges are separated and kept from sliding apart by three orange washers friction-fit to the red axle. The legs and red axle can rotate independently. To support the side weights, we glued a yellow spool rigidly to the end of a red rod and inserted the other end into the side of a yellow foot with a friction fit to allow for rotational adjustment. We assembled each balance mass from two stacked steel nuts held together between two washers by a nut and bolt. Each nut assembly has a mass of about 50 grams. Then, each balance mass assembly was located on the yellow spools at the end of the balance rods and held in place with vinyl electrical tape. The balance mass assembly is tilted behind the leg. As a result, the legs have low mass centers located laterally at a distance comparable to the leg length, above the center of curvature of the feet, and just behind the leg axes. The mass of the fully assembled walking device is about 120 grams, only 20 grams more than the two balance masses. When the toy is in its unstable-equilibrium standing position the nominally-vertical legs are approximately orthogonal to the ramp. Because a yellow spool has holes located radially around its circumference to accept rods, a small flat section is on the bottom at the foot contact point. To ensure that the walker is statically unstable (cannot stand on the flat sections or in any other way), a small (0.50 cm wide) strip of thin (0.013 cm) brass shim stock material was fastened over the flat section contacting the floor so as to restore its curvature there. #### Observed motion. {#observed-motion. .unnumbered} Because the center of mass is above the center of curvature of the round feet, we cannot stably stand this device with parallel or with splayed legs. When placed aiming downhill on a ramp, tipped to one side, and released, the device rocks side-to-side and, coupled with swinging of the legs, takes tiny steps. When a foot hits the ground, it sticks and then rolls, until the swinging foot next collides with the ground. Except at the moment of foot collision, only one foot is in contact with the ground at any time. When the swinging foot collides with the ground, the trailing leg leaves the ground. The gait is more-or-less steady; after small disturbances the toy either falls or stumbles a few steps while returning to near-periodic gait. At a slope of 4.5 degrees, it takes a step about every 0.47 seconds and advances forward about 1.3 cm per step, where a step is measured from a foot collision to the next collision of that same foot. The side-to-side tilt is about 4 degrees, there is no visible variation in $\phi$ during a step, but there is slight directional drift (one way or another) over many steps. The rounded metal strips at the feet bottom deform during foot collision in a way that may or may not be essential; we do not know. #### Conclusions. {#conclusions. .unnumbered} We have constructed a device which can balance while walking but cannot stand in any configuration. Although our new machine does not have a very human-like mass distribution, it does highlight the possibility that uncontrolled dynamics may not just contribute to fore-aft walking balance, as indicated by previous McGeer models, but also to side-to-side balance. The mechanism joins a small collection of statically unstable devices which dynamically balance without any rapidly spinning parts. Our too-simple mathematical/computational model does not explain this behavior. We do not yet know what key modeling features need be included to predict the observed dynamic stability. An open and possibly unanswerable question is whether the stability of this intermittently dissipative system can be explained, in part, by the fact that its piecewise holonomic constraints act somewhat like nonholonomic constraints. #### Acknowledgments. {#acknowledgments. .unnumbered} Thanks to Les Schaffer, Saskya van Nouhuys, and Mariano Garcia for editorial comments. [10]{} T. McGeer, in [Proc., IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation]{}, IEEE (IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 1989), pp. 1592–7. T. McGeer, Intern. J. Robot. Res. [9]{}, 62 (1990). T. McGeer, in [Proc., 1990 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation]{}, IEEE (IEEE, Los Alamitos, CA, 1990), pp. 1640–5. T. McGeer, in [Proc., Experimental Robotics [II]{}: [T]{}he 2nd International Symposium]{}, edited by R. Chatila and G. Hirzinger (Springer–Verlag, Berlin, 1992), pp. 465–90. T. McGeer, in [Mechanics of Animal Locomotion]{}, Vol. 11 of [Advances in Comparative and Environmental Physiology]{}, edited by R. M. Alexander (Springer–Verlag, Berlin, 1992), Chap. Principles of Walking and Running. T. McGeer, J. theor. Biol. [163]{}, 277 (1993). D. Zenkov, A. Bloch, and J. Marsden, Technical report, University of Michigan (unpublished). G. T. Fallis, Walking Toy (‘Improvement in Walking Toys’), U. S. Patent, No. 376,588, 1888. S. Mochon and T. McMahon, Math. Biosci. [52]{}, 241 (1980). M. Garcia, A. Chatterjee, A. Ruina, and M. J. Coleman, ASME J. Biomech. Eng. (1997), in press. M. J. Coleman, Ph.D. thesis, [C]{}ornell University, Ithaca, NY, 1997, in preparation. B. Thuillot, A. Goswami, and B. Espiau, in [Proc., 1997 [IEEE]{} International Conference on Robotics and Automation]{}, IEEE (IEEE, New York, NY, 1997), pp. 792–8. J. V. Fowble and A. D. Kuo, in [Biomechanics and Neural Control of Movement]{}, Engineering Foundation Conferences (EFC, Mount Sterling, OH, 1996), pp. 28–9. M. Coleman [et al.]{}, in press, Proc., IUTAM Chaos ‘97 Symposium (unpublished). R. S. Hand, Master’s thesis, [C]{}ornell University, Ithaca, NY, 1988. J. Papadopoulos, private communication (unpublished). Y. Rocard, [General Dynamics of Vibrations]{}, 3rd ed. (Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., New York, 1960). R. S. Sharp, in [Proc., 8th IAVSD–Symposium; The Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks]{}, [IAVSD]{}–[IUTAM]{}, edited by J. K. Hedrick (Swets and Zeitlinger B. V., Lisse, 1983), pp. 564–77. M. Hubbard, J. Appl. Mech. [46]{}, 931 (1979). T. Cardanha and R. Bennet, Cornell University Engineering Undergraduate Research Project (unpublished). A. Ruina, submitted to Reports on Mathematical Physics (unpublished). =3.5in =3.5in	2024-04-23T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/6062
# -- coding: utf-8 -- # Copyright (c) 2020 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. """ :py:class:`BasicDataSetReader` """ import csv import os import traceback import logging from collections import namedtuple import numpy as np from paddle import fluid from text2sql.framework.register import RegisterSet from text2sql.framework.reader.data_set_reader.base_dataset_reader import BaseDataSetReader @RegisterSet.data_set_reader.register class BasicDataSetReader(BaseDataSetReader): """BasicDataSetReader:一个基础的data_set_reader，实现了文件读取，id序列化，token embedding化等基本操作 """ def create_reader(self): """ 初始化paddle_py_reader，必须要初始化，否则会抛出异常 :return: """ if not self.fields: raise ValueError("fields can't be None") shapes = [] types = [] levels = [] for item in self.fields: if not item.field_reader: raise ValueError("{0}'s field_reader is None".format(item.name)) i_shape, i_type, i_level = item.field_reader.init_reader() shapes.extend(i_shape) types.extend(i_type) levels.extend(i_level) self.paddle_py_reader = fluid.layers.py_reader( capacity=50, shapes=shapes, name=self.name, dtypes=types, lod_levels=levels, use_double_buffer=True) logging.debug("%s create py_reader shape = %s , types = %s , level = %s : ", self.name, shapes, types, levels) def instance_fields_dict(self): """调用pyreader，得到fields_id, 视情况构造embedding，然后结构化成dict类型返回给组网部分 :return: 实例化的dict，保存了各个field的id和embedding(可以没有，是情况而定), 给trainer用 """ fields_id = fluid.layers.read_file(self.paddle_py_reader) logging.debug("fluid.layers.read_file...") fields_instance = self.convert_fields_to_dict(fields_id) return fields_instance def convert_fields_to_dict(self, field_list, need_emb=True): """实例化fields_dict，保存了各个field的id和embedding(可以没有，是情况而定), 当need_emb=False的时候，可以直接给predictor调用 :param field_list: :param need_emb: :return: dict """ start_index = 0 fields_instance = {} for index, filed in enumerate(self.fields): logging.debug('reading fields from index %d', start_index) item_dict = filed.field_reader.structure_fields_dict(field_list, start_index, need_emb=need_emb) fields_instance[filed.name] = item_dict start_index += filed.field_reader.get_field_length() return fields_instance def data_generator(self): """ :return: """ assert os.path.isdir(self.config.data_path), \ "%s must be a directory that stores data files" % self.config.data_path data_files = os.listdir(self.config.data_path) assert len(data_files) > 0, "%s is an empty directory" % self.config.data_path def wrapper(): """ :return: """ for epoch_index in range(self.config.epoch): self.current_example = 0 self.current_epoch = epoch_index for input_file in data_files: if os.path.basename(input_file).startswith('.'): logging.warn('dot(.) started file is ignore: %s', input_file) continue examples = self.read_files(os.path.join(self.config.data_path, input_file)) if self.config.shuffle: np.random.shuffle(examples) for batch_data in self.prepare_batch_data(examples, self.config.batch_size): yield batch_data return wrapper def read_files(self, file_path, quotechar=None): """读取明文文件 :param file_path :return: 以namedtuple数组形式输出明文样本对应的实例 """ with open(file_path, "r") as f: try: examples = [] reader = csv.reader(f, delimiter="\t", quotechar=quotechar) len_fields = len(self.fields) field_names = [] for filed in self.fields: field_names.append(filed.name) self.Example = namedtuple('Example', field_names) for line in reader: if len(line) == len_fields: example = self.Example(*line) examples.append(example) else: logging.warn('fileds in file %s not match: got %d, expect %d'\ % (file_path, len(line), len_fields)) return examples except Exception: logging.error("error in read tsv") logging.error("traceback.format_exc():\n%s" % traceback.format_exc()) def prepare_batch_data(self, examples, batch_size): """将明文样本按照py_reader需要的格式序列化成一个个batch输出 :param examples: :param batch_size: :return: """ batch_records = [] for index, example in enumerate(examples): self.current_example = index if len(batch_records) < batch_size: batch_records.append(example) else: yield self.serialize_batch_records(batch_records) batch_records = [example] if batch_records: yield self.serialize_batch_records(batch_records) def serialize_batch_records(self, batch_records): """ :param batch_records: :return: """ return_list = [] example = batch_records[0] for index, key in enumerate(example._fields): text_batch = [] for record in batch_records: text_batch.append(record[index]) id_list = self.fields[index].field_reader.convert_texts_to_ids(text_batch) return_list.extend(id_list) return return_list def get_train_progress(self): """Gets progress for training phase.""" return self.current_example, self.current_epoch def get_num_examples(self): """get number of example""" data_files = os.listdir(self.config.data_path) assert len(data_files) > 0, "%s is an empty directory" % self.config.data_path for input_file in data_files: examples = self.read_files(os.path.join(self.config.data_path, input_file)) self.num_examples += len(examples) return self.num_examples	2023-08-27T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/9280
Third District Court of Appeal State of Florida Opinion filed August 5, 2015. Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing. ________________ No. 3D13-2232 Lower Tribunal Nos. 12-56 AP & 12-224 AP ________________ United Automobile Insurance Company, Petitioner, vs. Comprehensive Health Center, a/a/o Erla Telusnor, Respondent. A Writ of Certiorari to the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Appellate Division, Jennifer D. Bailey, Lisa S. Walsh, and Marcia B. Caballero, Judges. Thomas Hunker, for petitioner. Marlene S. Reiss, for respondent. Before ROTHENBERG, LAGOA, and SCALES, JJ. LAGOA, J. The petitioner, United Automobile Insurance Company (“United”), petitions for a writ of certiorari seeking to: (1) quash a decision of the appellate division of the circuit court remanding for a trial on the issue of the reasonableness of the claimant’s, Erla Telusnor (“Telusnor”), failure to attend an Independent Medical Examination (“IME”); and (2) quash an order of the appellate division of the circuit court denying its motion for appellate attorney’s fees. Because the appellate division of the circuit court failed to apply the correct law when it failed to apply the law of the case, we grant the petition for writ of certiorari and quash the circuit court appellate division’s decision. We also quash the appellate division’s order denying United’s motion for appellate attorney’s fees under the offer of judgment statute, section 768.79, Florida Statutes (2012). If the terms of the offer of judgment statute are ultimately satisfied, then United shall be entitled to recover its appellate attorney’s fees. I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY This is the second time this case has been before this Court on petition for writ of certiorari. See Comprehensive Health Ctr., Inc. v. United Auto. Ins. Co., 56 So. 3d 41 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010), review denied, 67 So. 3d 1049 (Fla. 2011) (circuit court opinion at United Auto. Ins. Co. v. Comprehensive Health Ctr., Inc., 16 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 1143a (Fla. 11th Cir. Ct. Oct. 21, 2009)) (“Comprehensive I”). The underlying facts concerning Comprehensive Health Center’s (“Comprehensive”) complaint against United seeking personal injury protection (PIP) benefits are set forth in this Court’s opinion in Comprehensive I. In 2 Comprehensive I, the appellate division of the circuit court held that it was unreasonable that Telusnor failed to attend the IMEs because her lawyer did not tell her about the appointment. Comprehensive then filed a petition for writ of certiorari to this Court, seeking to quash the appellate division’s decision. This Court denied Comprehensive’s petition, concluding that the circuit court did not depart from the essential requirements of the law when it held Telusnor’s failure to attend IMEs to be unreasonable. 56 So. 3d at 42. Comprehensive moved for rehearing, arguing that this Court’s opinion conflicted with Custer Medical Center v. United Automobile Insurance Co., 62 So. 3d 1086 (Fla. 2010). This Court denied the motion. Comprehensive then petitioned the Supreme Court of Florida to exercise its discretionary jurisdiction on the basis that this Court’s opinion directly conflicted with Custer. The Supreme Court denied review. Comprehensive Health Ctr., Inc. v. United Auto. Ins. Co., 67 So. 3d 1049 (Fla. 2011). On subsequent remand in the trial court, Comprehensive filed a Second Motion for Summary Judgment, arguing that pursuant to Custer, mere non- attendance at a scheduled IME is not a defense to an action for PIP benefits, and that United failed to allege and prove an unreasonable refusal to attend the IMEs. United filed a Cross-Motion Motion for Summary Judgment, asserting that 3 pursuant to the mandate of the appellate court, it was entitled to summary judgment in its favor as a matter of law. The trial court granted Comprehensive’s Second Motion for Summary Judgment, stating that pursuant to Custer, “in order for it to constitute a defense to payment of subsequently received PIP bills the insurance company must plead and prove that the insured ‘unreasonably refused’ to attend the [IME].” The trial court entered final judgment in the amount of $4,935.60 in favor of Comprehensive. United appealed to the appellate division of the circuit court, arguing that the trial court failed to follow the law of the case and mandates established by both the appellate division of the circuit court and this Court in Comprehensive I. United also filed a Motion for Attorney’s Fees Based on Rejected Offer of Judgment pursuant to section 768.79, Florida Statutes. The appellate division reversed the summary judgment entered in favor of Comprehensive, but remanded for a trial on whether Telusnor unreasonably failed to attend the IMEs. We note that in Comprehensive I, the appellate division had already answered that question, finding Telusnor in fact acted unreasonably. In reaching its conclusion on this second round of appeals, the appellate division, without discussing its own prior holding, stated that, because this Court denied certiorari in Comprehensive I, our opinion was merely “dicta” which did not constitute the law of the case. Citing to Custer, the appellate division also noted 4 that “United was required to plead and prove unreasonable refusal if it intends to prevail on this defense.” United Auto. Ins. Co. v. Comprehensive Health Ctr., 20 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 947a (Fla. 11th Cir. Ct. Aug. 5, 2013). Asserting that the “record remains silent after two appeals as to the reasonableness or unreasonableness of Telusnor’s failure to attend the IME,” the appellate division held that summary judgment was inappropriate, and remanded for a trial. Id. The appellate division also entered an order denying United’s motion for appellate attorney’s fees and costs. United then filed the present petition for writ of certiorari. II. STANDARD OF REVIEW “[W]hen a district court considers a petition for second-tier certiorari review, the ‘inquiry is limited to whether the circuit court afforded procedural due process and whether the circuit court applied the correct law,’ or, as otherwise stated, departed from the essential requirements of law.” Custer Med. Ctr. v. United Auto. Ins. Co., 62 So. 3d 1086, 1092 (Fla. 2010) (quoting Haines City Cmty. Dev. v. Heggs, 658 So. 2d 523, 530 (Fla. 1995)); accord Ivey v. Allstate Ins. Co., 774 So. 2d 679, 682 (Fla. 2000) (“[T]he proper inquiry under certiorari review is limited to whether the circuit court afforded procedural due process and whether it applied the correct law.”). 5 A second-tier certiorari proceeding “cannot be used to grant a second appeal to correct the existence of mere legal error,” and “a district court should exercise its discretion to grant review only when the lower tribunal has violated a clearly established principle of law resulting in a miscarriage of justice.” Custer, 62 So. 3d at 1092-93; accord Allstate Ins. Co. v. Kaklamanos, 843 So. 2d 885, 889 (Fla. 2003); Ivey, 774 So. 2d at 682, 683 (stating that a court’s misapplication of the correct law or “erroneous interpretation of [a] law” is not a departure from the essential requirements of the law). A departure from the essential requirements of law is not mere legal error, but instead, involves a “gross miscarriage of justice.” Heggs, 658 So. 2d at 527. Due to its discretionary nature, a district court of appeal may refuse to grant certiorari relief even if there is legal error which could be argued to be a departure from the essential requirements of law. Sutton v. State, 975 So. 2d 1073, 1081 (Fla. 2008). Relevant here, it has been established that when a lower court fails to follow the law of the case, certiorari is warranted “because such failure exceeds the court's role in the appellate process.” Dougherty v. City of Miami, 89 So. 3d 963, 966 (Fla. 3d DCA 2012); accord Dougherty v. City of Miami, 23 So. 3d 156, 158 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009) (Wells, J., specially concurring) (granting petition for certiorari and quashing circuit court appellate division’s opinion because it failed to apply the 6 law of the case as established by its own prior decision, which became binding upon this Court’s denial of certiorari review). III. ANALYSIS United asserts that certiorari is appropriate because the circuit court failed to follow the law of the case as established in Comprehensive I when it remanded for a trial on the issue of the reasonableness of Telusnor’s excuse for her failure to attend the IMEs. We agree with United. A. The law of the case doctrine The law of the case doctrine applies where successive appeals are taken in the same case. Delta Prop. Mgmt. v. Profile Invs., Inc., 87 So. 3d 765, 770 (Fla. 2012); Fla. Dep’t of Transp. v. Juliano, 801 So. 2d 101, 105 (Fla. 2001). It provides that “questions of law decided on appeal to a court of ultimate resort must govern the case in the same court and the trial court, through all subsequent stages of the proceedings.” McGregor v. Provident Trust Co. of Phila., 162 So. 323, 327 (Fla. 1935); see also Juliano, 801 So. 2d at 105 (“The doctrine of the law of the case requires that questions of law actually decided on appeal must govern the case in the same court and the trial court, through all subsequent stages of the proceedings.”). 7 Pursuant to the law of the case doctrine, a lower court cannot change the law of the case as established by the highest court hearing the case, and a trial court must “follow prior rulings of the appellate court as long as the facts on which such decision are based continue to be the facts of the case.” Juliano, 801 So. 2d at 106; see also Brunner Enters., Inc. v. Dep’t of Revenue, 452 So. 2d 550 (Fla. 1994). And, although an appellate court has the power to change the law of the case established in its prior decision where adherence to the rule would result in a “manifest injustice,” Strazzulla v. Hendrick, 177 So. 2d 1, 4 (Fla. 1965), a question of law decided on appeal will seldom be reconsidered or reversed, even when it appears to have been erroneous. See McGregor, 162 So. at 728; Parker Family Trust I v. City of Jacksonville, 804 So. 2d 493 (Fla. 1st DCA 2001). As a result, absent extraordinary circumstances, the ruling of an appellate court in an earlier appeal is binding on the lower court on remand, and on the appellate court in a subsequent appeal in the same case. See Henry v. State, 649 So. 2d 1361, 1364 (Fla. 1994) (“[A]ll points of law which have been previously adjudicated by a majority of this Court may be reconsidered only where a subsequent hearing or trial develops material changes in the evidence, or where exceptional circumstances exist whereby reliance upon the previous decision would result in manifest injustice.”); see also Brunner Enters., Inc., 452 So. 2d at 552-53 (stating that the lower courts cannot change the law of the case as decided 8 by the highest court hearing a case, and that the highest court hearing a case and should only modify the law of the case when adherence to it would result in “manifest injustice”). United argues that certiorari is appropriate here because the trial court and the appellate division of the circuit court failed to follow the law of the case as established in Comprehensive I. We agree. Contrary to the appellate division’s statement on review before us here, the record is not silent on the issue of “reasonableness.” During the trial proceedings giving rise to Comprehensive I, the trial court conducted a hearing on cross motions for summary judgment as to the reasonableness of Telusnor’s excuse for her failure to attend the IME’s, and it concluded that summary judgment should be entered in favor of Comprehensive. Specifically, the appellate division found that Telusnor received notice of the IME, through her attorney, as the “IME notice was sent certified mail to her attorney and by regular mail to her.” Comprehensive Health Ctr., 16 Fla. L. Weekly Supp. 1143a. Moreover, the provider, Comprehensive, “admitted at the lower court hearing that notice to the attorney constitutes notice to the client.” Id. As such, the appellate division concluded that Telusnor’s failure to attend the IME was “an ‘unreasonable refusal’ under the statute” as “it is not a valid excuse for nonattendance, when the claimant is represented by counsel, and counsel received 9 valid notice.” Id. The appellate division, therefore, reversed in Comprehensive I, holding that based on the evidence presented, which was admittedly undisputed, Telusnor’s excuse, as a matter of law, was not reasonable, and that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment in favor of Comprehensive “when the claimant unreasonably refused to attend the IME.” 1 Id. On petition to this Court, we denied Comprehensive’s petition for certiorari review, finding that “the appellate division of the circuit court did not depart from the essential requirements of the law when it held it to be unreasonable that claimant Erla Telusnor failed to attend Independent Medical Exam appointments because her lawyer did not tell her about the appointments.” 56 So. 3d at 42. Contrary to the appellate division’s current statement that our finding in Comprehensive I was dicta, the appellate division’s earlier finding about the unreasonableness of Telusnor’s failure to attend was the central issue before this Court and necessary to our elaborated decision in Comprehensive I denying certiorari, and it thus constitutes the law of the case. See Topps v. State, 865 So. 2d 1253, 1258 (Fla. 2004) (“[U]nelaborated orders denying relief in connection with all extraordinary writ petitions issued by Florida courts shall not be deemed to be decisions on the merits . . . unless there is a citation to authority or other statement that clearly shows that the issue was considered by the court on the 1 The Appellate division’s decision in Comprehensive I reversed and remanded the cause to the trial court for further proceedings consistent with the opinion. 10 merits and relief was denied.”); State, Dep’t of Highway Safety & Motor Vehicles v. Trauth, 971 So. 2d 906 (Fla. 3d DCA 2007) (stating that the law of the case doctrine only applies when certiorari is denied on the merits); cf. Turcotte v. City of Coconut Creek, 88 So. 3d 296 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012) (finding that res judicata barred appeal where prior order of court denying petition for writ of certiorari clearly showed that same issue raised on appeal was considered by the court on the merits and denied). Specifically, this Court considered and addressed the reasonableness of Telusnor’s excuse for her failure to appear in denying Comprehensive’s petition for certiorari. In reaching its decision to deny certiorari, this Court noted that “[b]oth sides agree that Telusnor did not appear for the medical exam appointments because she said that she never received notice of them, and/or her attorney did not tell her about them.” 56 So. 3d at 43. Based on that, this Court “conclude[d] that Telusnor's reason for her non-appearance at the medical exam appointments constituted an unreasonable basis to excuse her non-appearance.” Id. Moreover, in considering “the reasonableness of Telusnor’s excuse for her failure to appear,” this Court addressed why reasonableness was at issue. Id. This Court noted that section 627.736(7), Florida Statutes (2009), states that if a person unreasonably refuses to submit to a medical exam, the PIP carrier is no longer liable for subsequent personal injury protection benefits. By using the term “unreasonably refuses to submit” in subsection 11 627.736(7)(b), it is logical to deduce there are scenarios where the insured “reasonably refuses to submit” to the examination. U.S. Sec. Ins. Co. v. Cimino, 754 So. 2d 697 (Fla. 2000). Our recent decision in United Automobile Insurance Co. v. Gaitan, 41 So. 3d 268 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010), presents one of those scenarios. In Gaitan, unlike here, there was a reasonable basis that excused non-attendance at a medical exam. This Court held in Gaitan that the circuit appellate court did not misapply the law when it remanded the issue of reasonableness of claimant's refusal to attend the medical exam on the basis that the claimant had never been treated by a chiropractor. Id. at 268. Telusnor's basis for her non-attendance is entirely different. Id. Indeed, this Court stated that “notice to the attorney constitutes notice to the client,” id. at 43, and “[w]hen a claimant is represented by counsel and counsel received valid notice via certified mail, it is not a reasonable excuse for non- attendance.” Id. at 44. Given this, the trial court on remand had no discretion to deny United’s Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment which was based on the unreasonableness of Telusnor’s failure to attend the IMEs.2 The appellate division was similarly bound by this Court’s opinion in Comprehensive I, as well as by its own3 prior 2 See Torres v. Jones, 652 So. 2d 893, 894 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995) (“[I]t was error for the trial court to modify the final judgment on remand, and to change the law of the case as determined by the highest court hearing the case.”); Wilcox v. Hotelerama Assocs., Ltd., 619 So. 2d 444, 446 (Fla. 3d DCA 1993) (“A trial court does not have discretionary power to alter or modify the mandate of an appellate court in any way, shape, or form.”); Hessen v. Metro. Dade Cnty., 569 So. 2d 887 (Fla. 3d DCA 1990) (granting motion to enforce mandate where trial court’s class certification on remand altered this Court’s determination regarding the class representative in first appeal). 12 determination on the issue of “reasonableness.”4 Accordingly, we find that the appellate division’s decision before us failed to apply the correct law when it failed to follow the law of the case as established in Comprehensive I. See Juliano, 801 So. 2d at 105 (“The doctrine of the law of the case requires that questions of law actually decided on appeal must govern the case in the same court . . . through all subsequent stages of the proceedings.”); see also Dougherty, 23 So. 3d at 158 (holding that circuit court failed to apply the correct law when it failed to enforce its prior decision after this Court issued a denial of certiorari review in Morningside Civic Ass’n v. Dougherty, 944 So. 2d 370 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006) (table)). Comprehensive, however, asserts that this Court should deny certiorari because the circuit court properly recognized that the intervening Supreme Court of Florida case of Custer “requires United to prove its affirmative defense [of unreasonable refusal] in this case.” While an intervening decision by a higher court is indeed one of the rare situations in which the highest court hearing a case will consider a request to modify the law of the case in order to prevent a “manifest 3 It is irrelevant – despite the suggestion of the appellate division panel in Comprehensive II – that different appellate division panels of the circuit court heard and ruled on Comprehensive I and Comprehensive II. 4 If the appellate division had wished to change the law of the case established by its prior decision – and if this Court had not issued an elaborated opinion in Comprehensive I, the appellate division would still have had to follow the high standards set by McGregor and Strazzulla as discussed supra. 13 injustice,” Comprehensive is incorrect that Custer constituted an intervening decision that required the appellate division to disregard the law of the case. See Brunner, 452 So. 2d at 553; accord Strazzulla, 177 So. 2d at 4 (“Another clear example of a case in which an exception to the general rule should be made results from an intervening decision by a higher court contrary to the decision reached on the former appeal, the correction of the error making unnecessary an appeal to the higher court.”). In Custer, United moved for a directed verdict without having presented any evidence on its affirmative defense that the claimant’s failure to attend a medical examination was unreasonable as a matter of law under section 627.736(7). Custer, 62 So. 3d at 1090. The trial court granted United’s motion, partly on the basis that the claimant’s failure to appear for examination without excuse or objection to the notices constituted an unreasonable refusal. Id. The appellate division of the circuit court reversed, holding that “in the absence of evidence supporting the affirmative defense, the directed verdict is premature.” Id. at 1091. This Court subsequently granted United’s petition for certiorari, quashed the circuit court’s reversal, and remanded with instructions to reinstate the directed verdict in favor of United. In reaching its conclusion, the Supreme Court held that United “was required to present evidence to the fact-finder that [the claimant] unreasonably 14 failed to attend a medical examination without explanation after having received proper notice.” Id. at 1097 (emphasis in original). The Supreme Court noted that the trier of fact was not presented with affirmative evidence that the claimant actually received notice of the scheduled medical examinations or that any failure was unreasonable. Id. The Supreme Court also stated that “United had the burden of demonstrating the absence of any material issue of fact,” id. at 1098, and that the “directed verdict was premature because United had not demonstrated the absence of any material issue of fact for the jury” regarding the reasonableness of the failure to attend. Id. (emphasis added). It is undisputed that United raised the issue of unreasonableness in this case; Custer requires that United present affirmative evidence that Telusnor unreasonably failed to attend the IMEs without explanation after having received notice and not rely on the mere fact of non-attendance. At the initial proceedings before the trial court that gave rise to Comprehensive I, it was undisputed that Telusnor gave no excuse or explanation for her non-attendance. United then presented undisputed evidence that notices of the IMEs were sent to both Telusnor and her attorney, that service was made by certified mail on her attorney, and that notice on the attorney constituted proper notice on Telusnor. Perhaps presciently anticipating Custer’s future ruling, the appellate division in Comprehensive I found that proper notice had in fact been received and that, based on the 15 undisputed facts in the record, Telusnor had unreasonably failed as a matter of law to attend the IMEs. This finding is consistent with Custer’s subsequent holding that the insurer bear the burden of presenting actual evidence to show unreasonable non-attendance after receipt of proper notice. Put another way, United satisfied its evidentiary burden on its affirmative defense, whether analyzed pre- or post- Custer. Unlike Custer, in which this Court erroneously affirmed the grant of a directed verdict in favor of a defendant where there was a complete absence of evidence in support of the defendant’s affirmative defense, in Comprehensive I, there was not a complete absence of evidence, but rather, a determination by the appellate division (on undisputed facts) that United’s evidentiary presentation demonstrated the absence of any material issue of fact concerning the “unreasonable refusal” issue. Additionally, this Court in Comprehensive I concluded that this was not a departure from the essential requirements of the law. For these reasons, Custer does not modify the law of the case as established in Comprehensive I. Finally, United also seeks a writ of certiorari to quash a separate order of the appellate division denying its motion for appellate attorney’s fees. In its appeal to the circuit court below, United filed a Motion for Attorney’s Fees Based on a Rejected Offer of Judgment. United stated that it served Comprehensive with a 16 proposal for settlement which was not accepted within thirty days, and that if it prevailed on appeal it was entitled to an award of appellate attorney’s fees pursuant to the offer of judgment statute, section 768.79. The circuit court sitting in its appellate capacity reversed the final judgment entered in favor of Comprehensive, and in a separate order denied United’s motion for appellate attorney’s fees. In denying United’s motion for appellate attorney’s fees, the circuit court failed to apply the correct law resulting in a miscarriage of justice. It is well settled that “[t]he plain and mandatory terms of the proposal for settlement statute encompass all costs and attorney’s fees incurred leading up to a final judgment,” including fees incurred on appeal. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co. v. Rembrandt Mobile Diagnostics, Inc., 93 So. 3d 1161, 1162 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012); accord Motter Roofing, Inc. v. Leibowitz, 833 So. 2d 788, 789 (Fla. 3d DCA 2002) (“This Court, along with all district courts in Florida, has ruled that Section 768.79 also applies to fees incurred on appeal. . . . Thus, the circuit court, sitting in its appellate capacity, departed from the essential requirements of law by denying the petitioner's request for appellate attorney's fees.”) (internal citations omitted). This Court has previously held that “section 768.79 creates an independent, substantive, and statutory basis for the award of attorney’s fees when the requirements of the statute have been met.” United Auto. Ins. Co. v. Virga, 116 So. 3d 1288, 1289-90 (Fla. 3d DCA 2013) (quoting DuPont Builders, Inc. v. 17 Baker, 987 So. 2d 146, 147 (Fla. 2d DCA 2008)). Moreover, it has been established that the failure of the circuit court to grant an award of appellate fees, conditioned upon meeting the terms of the offer of judgment statute, in a scenario similar to the instant one is a departure from the essential requirements of the law. See Rembrandt, 93 So. 3d at 1161. Accordingly, the circuit court sitting in its appellate capacity should have conditionally granted United’s motion for appellate attorney’s fees incurred in successfully obtaining a reversal of the final judgment entered in favor of Comprehensive. The failure to do so was a departure from the essential requirements of the law. We therefore grant the petition for writ of certiorari, and quash the circuit court’s order denying United’s motion for appellate attorney’s fees under the offer of judgment statute. If the terms of the offer of judgment statute are ultimately satisfied, United will be entitled to recover its appellate attorney’s fees. IV. CONCLUSION Because the appellate division’s failure to apply the correct law, as established in Comprehensive I, constitutes a departure from the essential requirements of the law, see Dougherty, 89 So. 3d at 966, we grant United’s petition for certiorari and quash the circuit court’s appellate decision remanding for a trial on the issue of reasonableness. 18 We also quash the circuit court’s order denying United’s motion for appellate attorney’s fees under the offer of judgment statute. If the terms of the offer of judgment statute are ultimately satisfied, United will be entitled to recover its appellate attorney’s fees. Petition granted; decision quashed and order quashed. 19	2023-09-01T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/8797
Thomas Duncan (painter) Thomas Duncan (4 May 1807 – 25 April 1845) was a Scottish portrait and historical painter. Life Duncan was born in Kinclaven, Perthshire on 4 May 1807. Educated at the Perth Academy, he began studying law, but abandoned it for art. Beginning under the instruction of Sir William Allan, he attained early distinction as a delineator of the human figure; and his first pictures established his fame so completely, that at a very early age he was appointed professor of coloring and afterwards of drawing, in the Trustees Academy of Edinburgh. In the 1830s his address is given as 1 Darnaway Street, a large Georgian flat on the edge of the Moray Estate in the west end of Edinburgh's New Town. He died of a brain tumour in Edinburgh on 25 April 1845. He is buried in Warriston Cemetery in north Edinburgh. The grave lies on a slope next to the steps at the east end of the vaults next to the grave of James Young Simpson. Works In 1840 Duncan painted one of his finest pictures, Charles Edward Stuart and the Highlanders entering Edinburgh after the Battle of Prestonpans, which secured his election as an associate of the Royal Academy in 1843. In the same year he produced his picture of Charles Edward asleep after Culloden, protected by Flora MacDonald, which, like many other of his works, has been often engraved. In 1844 appeared his Cupid, and his Martyrdom of John Brown of Priesthill. His last known work (late 1844) was a self-portrait, now in the National Gallery in Edinburgh. He particularly excelled in his portraits of ladies and children, yet his own portrait was painted by Robert Scott Lauder. References External links Profile on Royal Academy of Arts Collections Category:1807 births Category:1845 deaths Category:People educated at Perth Academy Category:Alumni of the Edinburgh College of Art Category:19th-century Scottish painters Category:Scottish male painters Category:People from Perth and Kinross Category:Associates of the Royal Academy	2024-06-26T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/2462
Q: How do I select students who have missed a specific class 3 or more times? I have a table called "tbl1Assiduidade" that has the students' attendance. That table has the student's name, date, class, attendance. It gets these values from other tables and saves them on these respective rows: Nome,Data,UFCD,Assiduidade. The row "Assiduidade" (attendance) has pre-defined values: If the student is present in the class, then "Assiduidade" = 1 If the student is missing, then "Assiduidade" = 2 If a student misses the same class 3 times, he then fails that class What I'm trying to do is make some kind of filter, so that whenever i press a button, it will show me the name of the student and the class they failed. If no student has failed any class, then obviously nothing would appear. There's obviously something wrong with my code, if not everything, I've searched a lot and haven't found what I'm looking for, so thanks in advance for the help! Private Sub Comando192_Click() Me.RecordSource = "SELECT tbl1Assiduidade.Nome, tbl1Assiduidade.UFCD FROM tbl1Assiduidade HAVING COUNT (tbl1Assiduidade.Assiduidade FROM tbl1Assiduidade WHERE tbl1Assiduidade.Assiduidade = 2) > = 3" Me.Requery End Sub A: Select all records where tbl1Assiduidade.Assiduidade = 2 Group the records by Name & UFCD. Choose the groups having 3 or more records. select t.Nome, t.UFCD from tbl1Assiduidade t where t.Assiduidade = 2 group by t.Nome, t.UFCD having count(*) > 2	2024-05-20T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/3854
1 00:00:07,519 --> 00:00:11,156 このあと７時からは新番組、「浪花少年探偵団」。 2 00:00:11,156 --> 00:00:13,825 大阪を舞台にした東野圭吾原作の 3 00:00:13,825 --> 00:00:15,894 ミステリードラマです。 4 00:00:15,894 --> 00:00:19,214 初回は、２時間スペシャルでお届けします。 5 00:00:52,531 --> 00:00:55,033 ＜（修）ここは　大阪ダウンタウン＞ 6 00:00:55,033 --> 00:00:57,686 ＜僕らの住んでる商店街です＞ 7 00:00:57,686 --> 00:01:01,206 ＜いつもは　めったに渋滞なんか起こらへんのやけど＞ 8 00:01:01,206 --> 00:01:03,375 ＜今日は何やら…＞ 9 00:01:03,375 --> 00:01:06,128 ＜うん？　何やらです＞ 10 00:01:06,128 --> 00:01:10,031 ≪（教官）はよブレーキ踏まんかい一時停止やろうがよ！ 11 00:01:10,031 --> 00:01:12,868 （しのぶ）今　踏もうと思っとったとこです 12 00:01:12,868 --> 00:01:15,537 （教官）どんだけ鈍くさかったら気が済むんや→ 13 00:01:15,537 --> 00:01:17,539 とっくに停止線　踏んでるやないか 14 00:01:17,539 --> 00:01:21,209 今は時速３０キロやったから停止距離は１４メートルやろうが 15 00:01:21,209 --> 00:01:23,945 それぐらい手前からブレーキかけ始めなあかん→ 16 00:01:23,945 --> 00:01:29,201 左折のときの巻き込み確認は首を死角が見えるまで向けな→ 17 00:01:29,201 --> 00:01:31,369 さっきも　ちょっと見ただけで 18 00:01:31,369 --> 00:01:33,469 ええい　もううるさい！ 19 00:01:34,873 --> 00:01:36,873 ≪（教官）おい　おいっ 20 00:01:42,047 --> 00:01:46,585 アンタ　文句ばっかり言うてどういうつもり！？ 21 00:01:46,585 --> 00:01:50,539 こっちは素人なんやからできんで当然や 22 00:01:50,539 --> 00:01:54,860 教官なら　もう少し分かりやすう教えてくれてもええやん 23 00:01:54,860 --> 00:01:58,196 ヘタを教えるのがアンタらの仕事とちゃうの！ 24 00:01:58,196 --> 00:02:02,200 大体　うちらタダで教えてくれ言うてんのとちゃうで 25 00:02:02,200 --> 00:02:04,870 たっかい教習料　払うとるんよ 26 00:02:04,870 --> 00:02:09,124 せやったら　その分　きちんと教えたってバチ当たらんやろ！ 27 00:02:09,124 --> 00:02:12,127 それをさんざんボロクソに　けなしたあげく 28 00:02:12,127 --> 00:02:16,865 鈍くさい？ようそこまで言えますなあ！ 29 00:02:16,865 --> 00:02:19,034 （日出子）よう言うてくれたわ 30 00:02:19,034 --> 00:02:21,036 やれやれ 31 00:02:21,036 --> 00:02:24,856 いっつも　うちが思ってたことや 32 00:02:24,856 --> 00:02:28,360 せやせや　ええぞええぞー 33 00:02:28,360 --> 00:02:31,530 （修）母ちゃんいつも思ってたって何？ 34 00:02:31,530 --> 00:02:33,548 別に 35 00:02:33,548 --> 00:02:35,867 （原田）えらいごっつい姉ちゃんやったな 36 00:02:35,867 --> 00:02:38,703 （田中）ほんまやホンマや 37 00:02:38,703 --> 00:02:41,456 東京もんが無理して変な関西弁使うな 38 00:02:41,456 --> 00:02:43,475 ええやないか　なあ？ 39 00:02:43,475 --> 00:02:45,493 エエやないか！ 40 00:02:45,493 --> 00:02:47,879 （渋谷）山下先生の代わり　来るって 41 00:02:47,879 --> 00:02:51,383 （畑中）教頭先生のかわいい教え子らしいで 42 00:02:51,383 --> 00:02:53,735 ふ～ん 43 00:02:53,735 --> 00:02:57,806 （中田）かわいい？　そうですね 44 00:02:57,806 --> 00:03:00,542 かわいいというか　なんというか… 45 00:03:00,542 --> 00:03:05,547 まあ　ちょっと見は美人とも言えなくはないですが 46 00:03:05,547 --> 00:03:08,033 ただ　まあなんというか… 47 00:03:08,033 --> 00:03:11,369 （芙美）なんというか…　何？（美奈子）何？ 48 00:03:11,369 --> 00:03:15,206 いいですか？　人間というのは皆それぞれ 49 00:03:15,206 --> 00:03:18,209 いいところもあれば悪いところもある 50 00:03:18,209 --> 00:03:21,696 悪いところもあればいいところもある 51 00:03:21,696 --> 00:03:26,201 ＜人間には　ええところもあれば悪いところもある＞ 52 00:03:26,201 --> 00:03:29,554 ＜と　教頭先生はよく僕らに言う＞ 53 00:03:29,554 --> 00:03:33,692 ＜ホンマにそうやろか？お父ちゃんや　お母ちゃん＞ 54 00:03:33,692 --> 00:03:37,028 ＜近所のおっちゃんやおばちゃんら見てても＞ 55 00:03:37,028 --> 00:03:40,699 ＜まあ…　それほどええところがあるとも思えんし＞ 56 00:03:40,699 --> 00:03:44,869 ＜ああいう姉ちゃんも世の中にはおるし＞ 57 00:03:44,869 --> 00:03:48,189 ＜しかし　あの人コウシュウの面前で＞ 58 00:03:48,189 --> 00:03:52,193 ＜あんなごっついことしてお嫁に行けるんやろか？＞ 59 00:03:52,193 --> 00:03:55,714 ＜コウシュウの面前？＞ 60 00:03:55,714 --> 00:03:59,217 ＜コウシュウ？　あれ？＞ 61 00:03:59,217 --> 00:04:01,369 ＜どんな字やっけ？＞ 62 00:04:01,369 --> 00:04:04,706 ええ加減　その腐った根性たたき直したるわ！ 63 00:04:04,706 --> 00:04:09,244 悪かった　せやけど　アンタ一体なんの仕事してんねや？ 64 00:04:09,244 --> 00:04:13,381 うちか？　うちの仕事はなあ 65 00:04:13,381 --> 00:04:17,981 （チャイム） 66 00:04:25,710 --> 00:04:31,032 新学期から　この大路小学校６年２組の担任になりました 67 00:04:31,032 --> 00:04:33,702 竹内しのぶと申します 68 00:04:33,702 --> 00:04:35,704 （拍手） 69 00:04:35,704 --> 00:04:38,873 意外と　かわいこちゃんやんけせやな 70 00:04:38,873 --> 00:04:41,860 べっぴんさんやんか 71 00:04:41,860 --> 00:04:44,295 ぼちぼちやな 72 00:04:44,295 --> 00:04:47,198 私も今日から　先生１年生です 73 00:04:47,198 --> 00:04:51,519 みんなと一緒に　仲よく学んだり遊んだりしたいと思っています 74 00:04:51,519 --> 00:04:54,205 どうか　よろしくお願いします 75 00:04:54,205 --> 00:04:57,859 ＜女は怖い　だって僕らはそのとき＞ 76 00:04:57,859 --> 00:05:00,612 ＜全然気づかんかってんで＞ 77 00:05:00,612 --> 00:05:03,131 ＜前の日に教習所の教官＞ 78 00:05:03,131 --> 00:05:06,201 ＜道端で　叱りとばしてたごっつい姉ちゃんと＞ 79 00:05:06,201 --> 00:05:08,536 ＜おしとやかな　その先生が＞ 80 00:05:08,536 --> 00:05:11,039 ＜同じ人やってことに＞ 81 00:05:11,039 --> 00:05:15,339 ＜まあ　いずれその正体は分かってくことになるんやけど＞ 82 00:05:32,377 --> 00:05:34,696 （雪江）アンタ 83 00:05:34,696 --> 00:05:37,949 （さくら）父ちゃん　あかん！　お金 84 00:05:37,949 --> 00:05:39,984 お金持ってかんといて！ 85 00:05:39,984 --> 00:05:43,204 ＜「お金」という言葉につい反応してしまうのが＞ 86 00:05:43,204 --> 00:05:46,524 ＜僕らの町に住んでる人らの特徴らしい＞ 87 00:05:46,524 --> 00:05:50,712 ＜だから　その夜もお金につられてたくさんの人が＞ 88 00:05:50,712 --> 00:05:55,812 ＜軽トラで出ていく福島君の父ちゃんの姿を目撃したんや＞ 89 00:06:01,606 --> 00:06:05,210 おかしいなあ自転車には乗れるのに 90 00:06:05,210 --> 00:06:08,210 なんで車はうまいこといかんのやろ？ 91 00:06:09,864 --> 00:06:11,866 教え方やな 92 00:06:11,866 --> 00:06:14,702 《≪（妙子）アンタ絶対本性出したら　あかんで→》 93 00:06:14,702 --> 00:06:20,502 《教頭先生が　せっかくお情けで採用してくれはったんやからね》 94 00:06:22,544 --> 00:06:24,796 《言葉遣いは丁寧に》 95 00:06:24,796 --> 00:06:26,796 へいへい 96 00:06:28,883 --> 00:06:32,871 《短気は禁物やでそれで採用試験の面接》 97 00:06:32,871 --> 00:06:35,373 《落っこったんやからね》 98 00:06:35,373 --> 00:06:38,543 分かってま　分かってま 99 00:06:38,543 --> 00:06:40,879 《≪（妙子）ハンカチは　チリシ持った？》 100 00:06:40,879 --> 00:06:43,198 《それよりお母ちゃんなんでおるん？》 101 00:06:43,198 --> 00:06:45,884 《せっかくうちが一人暮らし始めたのに》 102 00:06:45,884 --> 00:06:50,872 《せやから　しのぶちゃんの部屋の片づけでも手伝おうかな思うて》 103 00:06:50,872 --> 00:06:53,858 《お母ちゃん　またお父ちゃんとケンカしたんやろ》 104 00:06:53,858 --> 00:06:56,694 《もう　それやめてお母ちゃんって》 105 00:06:56,694 --> 00:06:59,494 《「ママ」って　もう呼んでえな》 106 00:07:07,755 --> 00:07:10,855 おはよおはようございます 107 00:07:12,377 --> 00:07:14,529 おはようさん 108 00:07:14,529 --> 00:07:17,866 ええ脚しとるやないかしかも見えそで見えん 109 00:07:17,866 --> 00:07:19,868 ≪（原田）ホンマや ≪（田中）何が？ 110 00:07:19,868 --> 00:07:21,868 ≪（畑中）ええ脚　ええ脚 111 00:07:26,191 --> 00:07:29,444 中西雄太君はい 112 00:07:29,444 --> 00:07:33,214 根岸明日香さんはい 113 00:07:33,214 --> 00:07:37,035 ８０のＡ７５のＢ 114 00:07:37,035 --> 00:07:40,205 畑中弘君あっはい 115 00:07:40,205 --> 00:07:43,541 あれはＣやないやＡ 116 00:07:43,541 --> 00:07:47,028 （加藤）Ｄそれはないわ 117 00:07:47,028 --> 00:07:50,215 原田君はいはい　はいはい 118 00:07:50,215 --> 00:07:54,586 はいミニスカートがたまらんな 119 00:07:54,586 --> 00:07:58,106 うちよりも？ 120 00:07:58,106 --> 00:08:00,375 （笑う） 121 00:08:00,375 --> 00:08:03,878 じゃかあしい　やつらやなあ 122 00:08:03,878 --> 00:08:07,148 ＜へッ　今のは幻聴？＞ 123 00:08:07,148 --> 00:08:10,034 今　なんか聞こえなかった？いいや 124 00:08:10,034 --> 00:08:12,287 福島友宏君 125 00:08:12,287 --> 00:08:15,206 福島友宏君 126 00:08:15,206 --> 00:08:17,475 福島君　おらんの？ 127 00:08:17,475 --> 00:08:21,045 福島君はいません欠席やと思います 128 00:08:21,045 --> 00:08:23,081 ああそう 129 00:08:23,081 --> 00:08:26,534 間中翔君はい 130 00:08:26,534 --> 00:08:28,853 三輪菜月さんはい 131 00:08:28,853 --> 00:08:30,872 竹内先生 132 00:08:30,872 --> 00:08:32,874 ちょっと　ちょっと 133 00:08:32,874 --> 00:08:34,859 教頭先生　なんですか？ 134 00:08:34,859 --> 00:08:36,859 職員室へ来てもらえませんか？ 135 00:08:38,713 --> 00:08:42,033 教頭先生　うちはこれから 136 00:08:42,033 --> 00:08:44,969 記念すべき初授業行うとこなんです 137 00:08:44,969 --> 00:08:46,871 出ばなくじかんといてもらえますか 138 00:08:46,871 --> 00:08:50,208 用があるなら今ここでお願いします 139 00:08:50,208 --> 00:08:54,708 今ここで言えないことだから職員室へと言ってんです 140 00:08:58,533 --> 00:09:01,853 ちょっと待っといて名札　机に貼っといてな 141 00:09:01,853 --> 00:09:03,953 （生徒達）は～い 142 00:09:09,877 --> 00:09:11,877 なんですか？ 143 00:09:14,532 --> 00:09:19,203 ゆうべ　福島君のお父さんが殺されました 144 00:09:19,203 --> 00:09:21,189 はあ？ 145 00:09:21,189 --> 00:09:25,693 ですから　あなたのクラスの福島君という生徒の父親が 146 00:09:25,693 --> 00:09:29,130 昨夜　何者かにより殺害されたんです 147 00:09:29,130 --> 00:09:31,230 嘘ッ嘘… 148 00:09:32,867 --> 00:09:35,370 いつ？今朝 149 00:09:35,370 --> 00:09:39,707 大和川の河川敷で遺体が発見されました 150 00:09:39,707 --> 00:09:42,007 そうですか… 151 00:09:43,461 --> 00:09:47,548 ねえ教頭先生　うち… 現場へ行かんでいい？ 152 00:09:47,548 --> 00:09:50,368 なんで君が行く必要があるんですか？ 153 00:09:50,368 --> 00:09:52,370 いや…　だってほら 154 00:09:52,370 --> 00:09:55,123 被害者の息子の担任やし 155 00:09:55,123 --> 00:09:57,859 いいですか　竹内先生はい 156 00:09:57,859 --> 00:10:02,697 僕は　君の性格を小さい頃からよ～く知ってます 157 00:10:02,697 --> 00:10:04,699 はい君は今 158 00:10:04,699 --> 00:10:08,369 自分がどんな立場にいるのか分かってんでしょうね？ 159 00:10:08,369 --> 00:10:11,706 もちろんです君は常勤講師ですよ→ 160 00:10:11,706 --> 00:10:14,025 正式な教員ではないんですよ？→ 161 00:10:14,025 --> 00:10:17,028 来年こそ採用試験に受からなければならないんですよ 162 00:10:17,028 --> 00:10:19,047 もちろんです 163 00:10:19,047 --> 00:10:22,533 だとしたらしてはいけないことは何ですか？ 164 00:10:22,533 --> 00:10:27,038 はい　余計なことに首を突っ込むなということです 165 00:10:27,038 --> 00:10:31,693 よろしい　では事件のことは警察へ任せましょう 166 00:10:31,693 --> 00:10:33,793 はい… 167 00:10:38,466 --> 00:10:41,369 なあ　常勤って何？講師のことだよ 168 00:10:41,369 --> 00:10:43,871 本採用じゃない先生そんなんあるんか 169 00:10:43,871 --> 00:10:47,208 ≪（田中）常識でしょしかし 170 00:10:47,208 --> 00:10:49,208 福島　大丈夫かな… 171 00:10:57,235 --> 00:10:59,253 （新藤）漆さん 172 00:10:59,253 --> 00:11:03,775 （漆崎）懐かしいなあ　昔はようここで泳いだもんや 173 00:11:03,775 --> 00:11:06,294 こんな汚い川でですか？ 174 00:11:06,294 --> 00:11:10,048 潜ったら前見えへん…　あほ昔はキレイやったんや 175 00:11:10,048 --> 00:11:13,534 人の郷愁　ぶち壊しにすな検視はもう済んだんか？ 176 00:11:13,534 --> 00:11:15,870 あいや…　はい今 177 00:11:15,870 --> 00:11:18,206 ホンマお前は　何しとんねん 178 00:11:18,206 --> 00:11:21,459 ≪（尾形）漆さん　検視終わりましたおお　そうか 179 00:11:21,459 --> 00:11:25,696 （尾形）マルガイは所持していた免許から　福島文男４０歳→ 180 00:11:25,696 --> 00:11:29,700 第一発見者は　付近を早朝ランニング中の高校生です→ 181 00:11:29,700 --> 00:11:33,371 不自然に止められた軽トラを見て近づいた際→ 182 00:11:33,371 --> 00:11:37,141 男が倒れているのを発見通報したそうです→ 183 00:11:37,141 --> 00:11:41,379 現段階では　死亡推定時刻はおおむね昨日の 184 00:11:41,379 --> 00:11:43,364 ２０時から午前零時の間 185 00:11:43,364 --> 00:11:46,200 詳細は司法解剖後になりますが 186 00:11:46,200 --> 00:11:49,871 死因はおそらく後頭部の傷です 187 00:11:49,871 --> 00:11:54,242 先端の鋭利な凶器で強打されたもんやと思われますが 188 00:11:54,242 --> 00:11:58,379 付近に凶器はなくトラックの荷台の角に→ 189 00:11:58,379 --> 00:12:02,366 マルガイのもんと思われる血痕と毛髪が見つかったことから→ 190 00:12:02,366 --> 00:12:05,520 この部分が凶器となったとして鑑識で調査中です 191 00:12:05,520 --> 00:12:09,190 もみ合ううちに　やられたんやなと思われます 192 00:12:09,190 --> 00:12:12,043 で… で　この軽トラは？ 193 00:12:12,043 --> 00:12:15,696 生野区にある大路南建設のもんです 194 00:12:15,696 --> 00:12:20,535 マルガイは　そこの社員ではなく社長の小川大介の幼なじみで 195 00:12:20,535 --> 00:12:24,835 社長が昨日　１日の約束で貸したらしいです 196 00:12:26,190 --> 00:12:28,209 痛いすいません 197 00:12:28,209 --> 00:12:30,309 ガイ者の家族が到着しました 198 00:12:47,195 --> 00:12:49,864 間違いありません… 199 00:12:49,864 --> 00:12:55,369 こんなときに恐縮ですけどあっちで話　聴かしてもらいます 200 00:12:55,369 --> 00:12:57,469 はい… 201 00:12:59,524 --> 00:13:04,795 お母ちゃん何聴かれてるんやろ？ 202 00:13:04,795 --> 00:13:06,881 なあ 203 00:13:06,881 --> 00:13:10,981 （福島）うるさいな　静かにしとけ 204 00:13:17,024 --> 00:13:20,528 へえ　そんな暗い子なん福島君って 205 00:13:20,528 --> 00:13:23,548 （はるか）なんか変わってるやんな 206 00:13:23,548 --> 00:13:25,533 （舞）ひねくれもん　いうの？ 207 00:13:25,533 --> 00:13:28,536 クール言うたらな　かわいそうや 208 00:13:28,536 --> 00:13:30,538 で　他に特徴は？ 209 00:13:30,538 --> 00:13:33,441 せやな～　足が短い ≪（優花）無愛想→ 210 00:13:33,441 --> 00:13:36,460 なあ　奈々ちゃん（奈々）うん 211 00:13:36,460 --> 00:13:39,046 アンタらそこまで言わんでもええやん 212 00:13:39,046 --> 00:13:42,146 福島君　お父さん亡くなりはったんやで 213 00:13:52,043 --> 00:13:55,863 あんな　先生うちのお母ちゃんはな 214 00:13:55,863 --> 00:13:58,199 福島君のお母さんのこと 215 00:13:58,199 --> 00:14:02,136 あんな男につかまったんが運のつき　言うとったよ 216 00:14:02,136 --> 00:14:04,689 どういうこと？分からへんけど 217 00:14:04,689 --> 00:14:07,789 やっぱり女は　男次第やって 218 00:14:08,859 --> 00:14:12,530 ≪（漆崎）ほな　ご主人は失業中やったわけですな 219 00:14:12,530 --> 00:14:17,351 ここ…　半年以上働いておりませんでした 220 00:14:17,351 --> 00:14:20,538 失礼ですけど　生活の方は？ 221 00:14:20,538 --> 00:14:26,193 私が働いてますみすず食品という会社で 222 00:14:26,193 --> 00:14:28,195 パートですか？ 223 00:14:28,195 --> 00:14:30,495 いえ　正社員です 224 00:14:32,199 --> 00:14:36,199 ゆうべ　ご主人が家を出はったんは何時頃ですか？ 225 00:14:38,706 --> 00:14:43,527 夜の…　１１時頃やったと思います 226 00:14:43,527 --> 00:14:48,049 えらい遅い時間ですねなんでまた　そんな時間に？ 227 00:14:48,049 --> 00:14:51,869 さあ…　私には 228 00:14:51,869 --> 00:14:54,889 行き先は聞いてませんか？ 229 00:14:54,889 --> 00:15:00,928 ≪（雪江）言うてくれませんでしたお金を持って出ただけで 230 00:15:00,928 --> 00:15:03,197 金？　いくらぐらい 231 00:15:03,197 --> 00:15:08,497 確か…　５万円くらいです 232 00:15:24,869 --> 00:15:29,857 （徳子）やっぱりなんかやらかしはりましたか　福島さん 233 00:15:29,857 --> 00:15:32,193 やっぱりといいますと？ ≪（徳子）いやね 234 00:15:32,193 --> 00:15:34,712 ゆうべ夜中に大きな声がするさかい 235 00:15:34,712 --> 00:15:38,049 なんやろと思って　のぞいたら福島さんの奥さんが 236 00:15:38,049 --> 00:15:40,701 旦那さんを引き止めてはるとこやったんです 237 00:15:40,701 --> 00:15:44,689 「もうお金持っていかんといて」てさくらちゃんの声がして 238 00:15:44,689 --> 00:15:50,789 《父ちゃん　あかん！　お金お金持ってかんといて》 239 00:15:52,363 --> 00:15:55,383 さくらちゃん？ ≪（徳子）下の娘さん 240 00:15:55,383 --> 00:15:57,868 なんや顔がね　ブスッとしてんのよ 241 00:15:57,868 --> 00:16:00,871 それは… それは何時頃ですか？ 242 00:16:00,871 --> 00:16:03,541 さあね… 243 00:16:03,541 --> 00:16:06,377 １１時はすぎてたかもしれへんね→ 244 00:16:06,377 --> 00:16:09,296 「素敵なデカ」見終わった後やったし 245 00:16:09,296 --> 00:16:12,700 あれメチャ好きやねん面白いからな 246 00:16:12,700 --> 00:16:17,972 あら？　刑事さん　ややわあそこに出てはる俳優に似てはる 247 00:16:17,972 --> 00:16:20,191 そうですか？ 248 00:16:20,191 --> 00:16:23,544 かわいらしい顔した刑事さんいてはんねんね 249 00:16:23,544 --> 00:16:25,529 ちょっとごめんなさい 250 00:16:25,529 --> 00:16:29,533 石がつまずいてしまって支えてくれてありがと 251 00:16:29,533 --> 00:16:33,854 もう気持ちええやんかメッチャかわいいな　男前や 252 00:16:33,854 --> 00:16:37,358 ええ加減にしなお前も喜んでんじゃない 253 00:16:37,358 --> 00:16:40,211 しかし　なんやねんここの旦那 254 00:16:40,211 --> 00:16:44,298 私も　よう奥さん我慢してはるなと気の毒に思うてたからね 255 00:16:44,298 --> 00:16:46,700 ここだけの話よ　ＤＶ 256 00:16:46,700 --> 00:16:50,438 酒飲んだら　まあ～悪い悪いもう 257 00:16:50,438 --> 00:16:53,541 あッ　あの晩の１１時半頃 258 00:16:53,541 --> 00:16:57,378 もう１回　奥さんと息子さんがお詫びに来はったね 259 00:16:57,378 --> 00:16:59,697 「すんません　すんません」言うて 260 00:16:59,697 --> 00:17:03,868 《アメちゃん食べるか？おいしいで　ほれほれ》 261 00:17:03,868 --> 00:17:08,168 《ホンマすんません》《ええ　ええって》 262 00:17:09,356 --> 00:17:11,876 しっかし　ようしゃべるおばはんやな 263 00:17:11,876 --> 00:17:14,862 そのわりに情報量少なかったですけどね 264 00:17:14,862 --> 00:17:18,232 けどまあ　夜中の１１時に軽トラで福島文男が 265 00:17:18,232 --> 00:17:21,252 あっこの家を出てったことは間違いないようや 266 00:17:21,252 --> 00:17:23,854 それと文男の暴力　酒癖 267 00:17:23,854 --> 00:17:27,525 お前　念のため　あの周りの他の目撃者もあたっとけ 268 00:17:27,525 --> 00:17:30,528 はい失業中ということやし 269 00:17:30,528 --> 00:17:34,365 物取りというより金銭面のトラブルかもしらんな 270 00:17:34,365 --> 00:17:37,351 借金とかギャンブルとかですか？ああ 271 00:17:37,351 --> 00:17:40,351 次行こうかはい 272 00:17:42,056 --> 00:17:44,556 あッ！なんや？ 273 00:17:45,543 --> 00:17:47,545 ここですわ 274 00:17:47,545 --> 00:17:50,345 なんや　こんな近いんか 275 00:17:51,532 --> 00:17:55,536 （小川）ホンマにフーちゃんがこないなことになるとはね 276 00:17:55,536 --> 00:17:59,974 人間っちゅうのは一寸先　分かりまへんな 277 00:17:59,974 --> 00:18:03,711 福島文男さんとは　小学校の先輩後輩と聞いてますが 278 00:18:03,711 --> 00:18:06,697 （小川）そうです　まあ子供の頃から 279 00:18:06,697 --> 00:18:09,797 あほなことばっかりして遊んどりまして 280 00:18:11,702 --> 00:18:15,706 福島さんが乗ってた軽トラはこの会社のもんですよね？ 281 00:18:15,706 --> 00:18:18,192 昨日　あいつが急に貸してくれって 282 00:18:18,192 --> 00:18:20,194 それは何時頃ですか？ 283 00:18:20,194 --> 00:18:23,697 夕方…　５時ぐらいやったかなあ？ 284 00:18:23,697 --> 00:18:27,701 ああせや！　夕方の天気予報見とったとこやったから 285 00:18:27,701 --> 00:18:30,187 あの姉ちゃん　好みでんねん 286 00:18:30,187 --> 00:18:32,690 そんなこと聞いてまへんがな 287 00:18:32,690 --> 00:18:34,708 ５時？　意外と早いな 288 00:18:34,708 --> 00:18:37,528 こういうことは結構あるんですか 289 00:18:37,528 --> 00:18:39,547 軽トラを貸したりすることが 290 00:18:39,547 --> 00:18:42,366 ≪（小川）軽トラ貸したって減るもんやないし→ 291 00:18:42,366 --> 00:18:44,368 鍵もつけっぱなしみたいなもんや 292 00:18:44,368 --> 00:18:47,371 ほら　あっこから勝手持っていって→ 293 00:18:47,371 --> 00:18:50,207 みんなちゃんと返してくれますよ 294 00:18:50,207 --> 00:18:54,028 社長は　福島さんから借金申し込まれたことは？ 295 00:18:54,028 --> 00:18:58,532 わいのこと疑ってんの？一応　お聞きしただけです 296 00:18:58,532 --> 00:19:02,536 あいつ殺してなんの得があんねんわしは商売人や→ 297 00:19:02,536 --> 00:19:06,557 返ってくるアテのない金そう簡単に貸しまっかいな 298 00:19:06,557 --> 00:19:09,193 なんぼ幼なじみやいうてもね 299 00:19:09,193 --> 00:19:11,212 （電話のベル） 300 00:19:11,212 --> 00:19:15,699 黒ちゃん　わいや　あほ！わいが殺したん違うがな→ 301 00:19:15,699 --> 00:19:19,203 アンタ人聞きの悪いこと言わんといてくれよ 302 00:19:19,203 --> 00:19:22,139 あの社長　もうちょっとあたった方がええかもな 303 00:19:22,139 --> 00:19:24,208 えッ？　でもさっきやってへんって 304 00:19:24,208 --> 00:19:28,379 あほか　福島文男に金貸しとる可能性もあるかもしらんやろ 305 00:19:28,379 --> 00:19:30,548 でも　もしそうやったとしても 306 00:19:30,548 --> 00:19:33,534 わざわざ自分とこの軽トラ使うでしょうか？ 307 00:19:33,534 --> 00:19:36,420 疑ってくれ言うてるようなもんです 308 00:19:36,420 --> 00:19:40,524 新藤　疑わしきを一つ一つ潰していくのが　この仕事や 309 00:19:40,524 --> 00:19:45,579 それに社長やのうても　周囲にそういうもんがおるかもしれん 310 00:19:45,579 --> 00:19:47,631 ≪（老婆）こんなんや→ 311 00:19:47,631 --> 00:19:50,200 こんなんやで 312 00:19:50,200 --> 00:19:53,537 こんなんや　こんなんやで 313 00:19:53,537 --> 00:19:59,026 なんなんもう…　おばあちゃんなに寝ぼけたこと言うてんの 314 00:19:59,026 --> 00:20:03,697 そやけど　ホンマに見たんやからもう～　怖かった 315 00:20:03,697 --> 00:20:05,950 なあ　モモちゃん 316 00:20:05,950 --> 00:20:09,036 あッ　ちょうどええとこに刑事さんいてはった 317 00:20:09,036 --> 00:20:13,023 あんな　このおばあちゃんなゆうべ　幽霊見たっちゅうねん 318 00:20:13,023 --> 00:20:16,193 幽霊？見たっていうのとちゃうな 319 00:20:16,193 --> 00:20:20,047 見えへんかったからな誰も乗ってない　こんなトラックが 320 00:20:20,047 --> 00:20:22,383 スーッと走りよったっちゅうねん 321 00:20:22,383 --> 00:20:25,369 新藤　聞いとけわし　帰って仕事あるさかい 322 00:20:25,369 --> 00:20:28,706 漆さん　ちょっとアンタ刑事さん 323 00:20:28,706 --> 00:20:34,028 うち　本物の刑事さん初めて見た 324 00:20:34,028 --> 00:20:36,280 かわいらしい顔してるな 325 00:20:36,280 --> 00:20:40,780 男前でシュッとして　おばちゃん離せへんよ　離せへんわ 326 00:20:48,025 --> 00:20:51,045 先生　先生大変や 327 00:20:51,045 --> 00:20:53,714 原田と畑中が大変なことになってる 328 00:20:53,714 --> 00:20:55,699 どないしたん？ 329 00:20:55,699 --> 00:20:58,986 うるせえッそんなことあるわけないやろ！ 330 00:20:58,986 --> 00:21:01,872 けど原田かて聞いたやないか！聞いてない！ 331 00:21:01,872 --> 00:21:03,874 聞いたんやろ　お前も！ 332 00:21:03,874 --> 00:21:06,874 やめろって！うるさい　この野郎！ 333 00:21:09,363 --> 00:21:11,865 東京もんは黙っとけ！ 334 00:21:11,865 --> 00:21:14,465 何すんだよ！ 335 00:21:17,404 --> 00:21:20,040 （芹沢）ガキやな 336 00:21:20,040 --> 00:21:23,377 やめて　やめなさい！ 337 00:21:23,377 --> 00:21:25,362 先生… 338 00:21:25,362 --> 00:21:28,362 ちょっと　アンタら何してんの　やめなさい 339 00:21:29,867 --> 00:21:32,367 やめなさいって… 340 00:21:35,873 --> 00:21:39,173 クソ…　なんやこいつら 341 00:21:42,363 --> 00:21:44,531 お前ら　何してんねや！ 342 00:21:44,531 --> 00:21:47,301 ごちゃごちゃ言うとらんで静かに！ 343 00:21:47,301 --> 00:21:53,190 ＜あれ？　なんかこういう人どっかで見たことあるような…＞ 344 00:21:53,190 --> 00:21:57,490 《ええ？　アンタ絶対本性出したらあかんで》 345 00:22:01,215 --> 00:22:05,536 静かに…　しなさいね 346 00:22:05,536 --> 00:22:07,705 ＜あッ　違うた＞ 347 00:22:07,705 --> 00:22:11,024 で　ケンカの原因は何？ 348 00:22:11,024 --> 00:22:14,528 だから畑中が福島の父ちゃん殺したんは 349 00:22:14,528 --> 00:22:16,547 福島ちゃうかって言うから 350 00:22:16,547 --> 00:22:19,199 （畑中）原田やて一緒に聞いたやないか 351 00:22:19,199 --> 00:22:23,203 福島がそう言うてんのなんでかっこつけんねん 352 00:22:23,203 --> 00:22:25,622 かっこなんか　つけてへんわ！ 353 00:22:25,622 --> 00:22:29,143 うるさい　つべこべ言うな！はい 354 00:22:29,143 --> 00:22:35,866 ええか？　福島君の事件のことは警察に任せといたらええの 355 00:22:35,866 --> 00:22:38,535 アンタらの口出しするとこやない 356 00:22:38,535 --> 00:22:45,542 まして…　人を殺したなんて軽々しく口にしたらあかん 357 00:22:45,542 --> 00:22:50,142 余計なことに首突っ込んだらあかんよ 358 00:22:53,033 --> 00:22:56,333 分かったら席着こうか　はい 359 00:22:58,705 --> 00:23:03,805 今日の国語の授業は作文を書いてもらいます 360 00:23:22,713 --> 00:23:26,717 原田と畑中それから田中鉄平も 361 00:23:26,717 --> 00:23:29,517 ちょっと　廊下出ようか 362 00:23:41,198 --> 00:23:43,798 で　アンタらはいッ 363 00:23:47,704 --> 00:23:51,004 なんで福島君のこと犯人やって思ってんの？ 364 00:23:53,861 --> 00:23:57,865 田中　なんかおかしいかいえ 365 00:23:57,865 --> 00:24:02,286 一応　理由だけは聞いとこかな～と思ってな 366 00:24:02,286 --> 00:24:07,374 だってあいつ　親父なんか死んだ方がええって言うとった 367 00:24:07,374 --> 00:24:10,377 殺してやりたいくらいやって 368 00:24:10,377 --> 00:24:12,977 ホンマにそんなこと言うたんか？ 369 00:24:17,201 --> 00:24:20,037 なあアンタら 370 00:24:20,037 --> 00:24:23,637 それ　真に受けて友達疑うつもり？ 371 00:24:24,691 --> 00:24:30,364 いくらなんでも　自分の父ちゃんやそんなことするわけないやろ 372 00:24:30,364 --> 00:24:35,664 友達を信じられへんなんて最低やな 373 00:24:36,703 --> 00:24:38,655 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 374 00:26:10,197 --> 00:26:12,699 捜査する？　この事件をおう 375 00:26:12,699 --> 00:26:17,871 なんで　そんなことせなあかんねん先生も言うてた　友達疑うなって 376 00:26:17,871 --> 00:26:21,024 首突っ込んだらまたごっつ怒られるで 377 00:26:21,024 --> 00:26:23,360 なんでお前が知ってるの？ 378 00:26:23,360 --> 00:26:27,547 いや…　別にちょっと小耳に挟んだだけで 379 00:26:27,547 --> 00:26:30,534 だから福島を疑うんやなくて 380 00:26:30,534 --> 00:26:33,036 俺達で真犯人を捜しだすんや 381 00:26:33,036 --> 00:26:35,372 そしたら福島の容疑も晴れるやろ 382 00:26:35,372 --> 00:26:37,374 おお～ 383 00:26:37,374 --> 00:26:40,527 お前　いつからそんな頭ようなってん 384 00:26:40,527 --> 00:26:42,913 ≪（田中）すごいじゃん 385 00:26:42,913 --> 00:26:44,913 ありがとうございました 386 00:26:47,184 --> 00:26:50,704 手がかりなしか… 387 00:26:50,704 --> 00:26:54,804 ちょっと　刑事さん　ちょっと 388 00:26:56,543 --> 00:26:59,643 最新情報や～えッ？ 389 00:27:05,202 --> 00:27:10,374 あんな　なんやらさっきから怪しい女がこの辺　ウロウロウロウロ… 390 00:27:10,374 --> 00:27:15,879 よう言うやんか　犯人は必ず現場に戻るって　あれちゃうかな 391 00:27:15,879 --> 00:27:18,365 怪しいって　どんな女です？ 392 00:27:18,365 --> 00:27:22,965 あのな若いんやけどな　いかにもいけずそうななあ… 393 00:27:24,554 --> 00:27:27,154 あれやえッ？ 394 00:27:30,877 --> 00:27:32,863 ほら　あれあれ 395 00:27:32,863 --> 00:27:36,700 とっとと追いかけなあかんや捕まえといで　行って 396 00:27:36,700 --> 00:27:40,700 行っといで　捕まえらんと頑張って 397 00:28:07,597 --> 00:28:11,868 兄ちゃん　先生が変な男に追いかけられてる！ 398 00:28:11,868 --> 00:28:14,968 まさか…　犯人？えらいこっちゃ！ 399 00:28:29,703 --> 00:28:33,003 嘘…　あいつ　はだしやん 400 00:28:37,244 --> 00:28:41,244 はよ捕まえな　早く早く！ 401 00:28:59,382 --> 00:29:01,982 ≪（原田）先生　待っとれよ！ 402 00:29:13,697 --> 00:29:16,032 この無礼もん！ 403 00:29:16,032 --> 00:29:18,952 うちは　大路のしのぶやで 404 00:29:18,952 --> 00:29:22,189 なめとったら　承知せえへんで！ 405 00:29:22,189 --> 00:29:25,876 ＜えッ？　この人もしかして…＞ 406 00:29:25,876 --> 00:29:29,976 《ええ加減　その腐った根性たたき直したるわ！》 407 00:29:31,198 --> 00:29:33,498 ＜あのごっつい姉ちゃんや！＞ 408 00:29:35,869 --> 00:29:40,373 刑事さんならそうと　最初に言ってくれたらええやないですか 409 00:29:40,373 --> 00:29:44,211 いやだって…　そんなこと言う暇なかったやないですか 410 00:29:44,211 --> 00:29:47,380 あなたの逃げ足が速すぎて逃げ足？ 411 00:29:47,380 --> 00:29:52,269 いや…　そうですかソフトボールをね 412 00:29:52,269 --> 00:29:55,872 はい　中学から大学までやってましてん 413 00:29:55,872 --> 00:30:00,377 エースで４番　社会人チームにスカウトされたこともあります 414 00:30:00,377 --> 00:30:02,362 はあ… 415 00:30:02,362 --> 00:30:06,399 お詫びになんでも好きなもん注文してください 416 00:30:06,399 --> 00:30:09,419 おいしいですよ　ここのロールケーキ 417 00:30:09,419 --> 00:30:13,419 じゃあ…　お言葉に甘えて 418 00:30:17,027 --> 00:30:20,530 しゃあないなあ　アンタらも好きなもん頼みなさい 419 00:30:20,530 --> 00:30:22,983 やったー！ 420 00:30:22,983 --> 00:30:25,535 ロールケーキ作ってる！ 421 00:30:25,535 --> 00:30:27,537 俺　チーズケーキ！ 422 00:30:27,537 --> 00:30:29,539 よっしゃ　俺も！ 423 00:30:29,539 --> 00:30:31,541 ええい　うるさい！ 424 00:30:31,541 --> 00:30:36,563 みんな同じロールケーキ小や！飲み物はなし　水でよろしいッ 425 00:30:36,563 --> 00:30:39,866 ＜間違いないやっぱりあの姉ちゃんや＞ 426 00:30:39,866 --> 00:30:44,638 刑事さんはコーヒーでも紅茶でも好きなもん注文してくださいね 427 00:30:44,638 --> 00:30:52,738 そうですか…　じゃあ僕はこの「高いけど美味しいロイヤルミルクティー」を 428 00:30:57,033 --> 00:30:59,035 あの　やっぱり水で… 429 00:30:59,035 --> 00:31:02,889 それじゃまるで　うちがケチンボみたいやないですか 430 00:31:02,889 --> 00:31:06,889 なんでも好きなもん注文してください 431 00:31:09,029 --> 00:31:11,529 じゃあ　あの…　コーヒーで 432 00:31:12,565 --> 00:31:13,667 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 433 00:32:45,475 --> 00:32:48,645 やはり福島君のお父さんには 434 00:32:48,645 --> 00:32:51,631 色々と問題があったわけですね 435 00:32:51,631 --> 00:32:56,136 失業中で　家でも暴力をふるったり酒飲んで暴れたり 436 00:32:56,136 --> 00:32:59,989 いや… いくら担任の先生といえども 437 00:32:59,989 --> 00:33:04,527 警察には守秘義務というものがありますので 438 00:33:04,527 --> 00:33:06,646 自分の口からは　ちょっと 439 00:33:06,646 --> 00:33:09,646 あったんやいやあの… 440 00:33:24,647 --> 00:33:26,647 嘘…　俺のや 441 00:33:28,301 --> 00:33:33,401 やはり　原因はお金ですか？ギャンブルとか借金とか 442 00:33:34,457 --> 00:33:37,794 なるほど　金銭トラブルが濃厚と 443 00:33:37,794 --> 00:33:42,315 で亡くなったのは　福島君のお父さんが軽トラで出ていった 444 00:33:42,315 --> 00:33:44,968 １１時以降ということになりますよね？ 445 00:33:44,968 --> 00:33:47,468 近所の目撃者もおるし 446 00:33:48,805 --> 00:33:51,841 違うの？いや　あの… 447 00:33:51,841 --> 00:33:55,862 現場は　家から少し離れてますので 448 00:33:55,862 --> 00:34:00,133 あっそうか　大和川まで車で３０分として 449 00:34:00,133 --> 00:34:07,474 死亡推定時刻は　１１時半から夜中の１２時に絞られるわけや 450 00:34:07,474 --> 00:34:12,128 その間に　何者かにやられたと… 451 00:34:12,128 --> 00:34:15,982 ＜ホンマに大丈夫なんやろうかこの刑事さん＞ 452 00:34:15,982 --> 00:34:22,038 ＜これじゃまるで先生が刑事さんに事情聴取してるみたいやんか＞ 453 00:34:22,038 --> 00:34:26,292 なるほど　そういうこっちゃ 454 00:34:26,292 --> 00:34:30,130 で　容疑者は？いや　それはまだ… 455 00:34:30,130 --> 00:34:32,966 まだ特定されてないとはい… 456 00:34:32,966 --> 00:34:35,566 ＜しかも　全部ゲロした＞ 457 00:34:43,476 --> 00:34:46,963 あの～　刑事さんお願いがあるんですけど 458 00:34:46,963 --> 00:34:50,967 なに？僕達　疑ってるわけじゃないけど 459 00:34:50,967 --> 00:34:53,953 そうやないんやけど… なんや？ 460 00:34:53,953 --> 00:34:57,123 警察手帳　見してくれへん？ 461 00:34:57,123 --> 00:34:59,123 お願いお願い 462 00:35:00,894 --> 00:35:03,480 ちょっとだけやでありがとう！ 463 00:35:03,480 --> 00:35:05,965 大事な手帳やねんからな 464 00:35:05,965 --> 00:35:07,967 おおー！こらッ 465 00:35:07,967 --> 00:35:10,136 お前らッかっこええ！ 466 00:35:10,136 --> 00:35:15,141 ＜これで一応　本物の刑事やということが確認されましたと＞ 467 00:35:15,141 --> 00:35:17,141 ＜ヘヘヘッ＞ 468 00:35:34,961 --> 00:35:38,131 やっぱり福島はシロやななんで？ 469 00:35:38,131 --> 00:35:43,136 福島の父ちゃんの死亡推定時刻は夜の１１時半から１２時の間や 470 00:35:43,136 --> 00:35:45,805 ほんで福島は１１時半に家におった 471 00:35:45,805 --> 00:35:47,807 《おいしいで》 472 00:35:47,807 --> 00:35:52,061 ≪（原田）おまけに下の階のおばちゃんに挨拶も行っとる 473 00:35:52,061 --> 00:35:54,297 完璧な　ありばいや 474 00:35:54,297 --> 00:35:56,297 アリバイや 475 00:36:16,302 --> 00:36:19,902 こんばんは　福島君いますか？ 476 00:36:30,300 --> 00:36:32,802 こんばんは誰？ 477 00:36:32,802 --> 00:36:37,902 新しい担任の先生や竹内しのぶ　よろしくな 478 00:36:57,961 --> 00:37:00,961 お母さんは？妹と風呂 479 00:37:02,415 --> 00:37:04,415 ああそう 480 00:37:10,306 --> 00:37:13,126 ありがとう 481 00:37:13,126 --> 00:37:15,628 先生もご苦労なこっちゃな 482 00:37:15,628 --> 00:37:18,815 いきなり殺人事件とは驚いたやろ 483 00:37:18,815 --> 00:37:25,655 驚きもせんよ　うちはもともとここが地元やってん 484 00:37:25,655 --> 00:37:30,655 まあでも　さすがに殺人事件は初めてやけど 485 00:37:39,719 --> 00:37:43,819 うんッ　アンタお茶入れんのうまいなあ 486 00:37:45,124 --> 00:37:48,895 拍子抜けしたやろ何が？ 487 00:37:48,895 --> 00:37:54,967 お父ちゃん死んだうちの子はもっと気落ちしてると思ったやろ 488 00:37:54,967 --> 00:38:00,139 なんやったら　もっと気い落としたふりしよか？ 489 00:38:00,139 --> 00:38:05,139 そんなことせんでもあなたが元気なら　それでええ 490 00:38:07,296 --> 00:38:10,299 お葬式終わったら学校来るんやろ？ 491 00:38:10,299 --> 00:38:12,969 待ってるから 492 00:38:12,969 --> 00:38:17,790 相談したいことがあったら先生になんでも言いなさいね 493 00:38:17,790 --> 00:38:23,390 フン　先生に人生相談するようになったら終わりやな 494 00:38:26,632 --> 00:38:31,137 アンタ　相当の意地っ張りやな～ 495 00:38:31,137 --> 00:38:36,476 ええなあ　先生そういう男　好きや 496 00:38:36,476 --> 00:38:38,776 何言うてんねん 497 00:38:40,129 --> 00:38:43,129 赤くなりよった　このあほ 498 00:38:45,802 --> 00:38:49,806 あッ　アンタんとこでもたこ焼き作るん？ 499 00:38:49,806 --> 00:38:53,076 親父がたこ焼き屋やってたから 500 00:38:53,076 --> 00:38:55,576 へえ　そう 501 00:38:57,647 --> 00:39:00,967 これ　たこ焼き屋？ 502 00:39:00,967 --> 00:39:08,307 まあ　ときどき気まぐれで店出してただけやけど 503 00:39:08,307 --> 00:39:12,407 なまけもんで気まぐれで最低の親父や 504 00:39:14,964 --> 00:39:17,564 ≪（雪江・さくら）ただいま～ 505 00:39:24,624 --> 00:39:27,143 新しい担任の先生 506 00:39:27,143 --> 00:39:29,395 あッ　どうも… 507 00:39:29,395 --> 00:39:33,466 竹内と申しますこの度は　ご愁傷さまでした 508 00:39:33,466 --> 00:39:35,468 いえ… 509 00:39:35,468 --> 00:39:39,472 福島君のことが気になりましてちょっと様子を見に 510 00:39:39,472 --> 00:39:43,142 それは　わざわざすみませんいえ… 511 00:39:43,142 --> 00:39:45,128 お茶でも… 512 00:39:45,128 --> 00:39:49,132 おかまいなく　もうそろそろおいとましようと思っとったので 513 00:39:49,132 --> 00:39:51,232 いえ　でも　もう一杯… 514 00:39:53,019 --> 00:39:55,304 何やってんねん　母ちゃん 515 00:39:55,304 --> 00:39:57,804 すみません… 516 00:40:08,301 --> 00:40:11,401 しっかし　ごっつい傷やなはい 517 00:40:15,658 --> 00:40:19,462 で？　その女　べっぴんか 518 00:40:19,462 --> 00:40:24,467 まあ…　黙っとったらええ線いってんのかもしれんけど 519 00:40:24,467 --> 00:40:28,805 そら　ええやないかう～ん… 520 00:40:28,805 --> 00:40:31,808 なんやその不満が便秘したような顔は 521 00:40:31,808 --> 00:40:34,827 なんですかその訳の分からん例えは 522 00:40:34,827 --> 00:40:38,347 さて　問題は事件や 523 00:40:38,347 --> 00:40:42,852 こっちも　かなりの便秘やななんの進展もあらへん 524 00:40:42,852 --> 00:40:45,371 目撃情報も皆無や 525 00:40:45,371 --> 00:40:48,975 大路南建設の小川社長にはアリバイがありましたし 526 00:40:48,975 --> 00:40:51,644 《わいのこと疑ってんの？》 527 00:40:51,644 --> 00:40:56,499 小川はシロやなはい 528 00:40:56,499 --> 00:41:00,303 マルガイに金を貸しとった人物も今んとこおらへん 529 00:41:00,303 --> 00:41:03,806 はいしかし　なんかひっかかんな 530 00:41:03,806 --> 00:41:06,142 何がですか？福島文男を 531 00:41:06,142 --> 00:41:08,461 殺したいほど恨んどった人間が 532 00:41:08,461 --> 00:41:11,061 どっかにおるはずなんやけど 533 00:41:24,961 --> 00:41:27,463 何見てんねん！何すんの！？ 534 00:41:27,463 --> 00:41:31,467 葬式用の写真　これでええか見てただけや 535 00:41:31,467 --> 00:41:33,970 ええやん　それにしよう 536 00:41:33,970 --> 00:41:37,770 うち　お父ちゃんのその顔メッチャ好き 537 00:41:39,892 --> 00:41:43,392 お母ちゃん　どないしたん？ 538 00:41:45,131 --> 00:41:47,633 なあ　お母ちゃん 539 00:41:47,633 --> 00:41:52,233 何も泣くことあらへんあらへんやろ 540 00:41:53,973 --> 00:41:57,310 泣くな！だって… 541 00:41:57,310 --> 00:42:01,631 これから　どうしたらええか… 542 00:42:01,631 --> 00:42:05,468 母ちゃんは　俺が守ったる 543 00:42:05,468 --> 00:42:09,068 守ったるから　心配すな 544 00:42:10,222 --> 00:42:16,662 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 545 00:43:48,204 --> 00:43:58,497 （音程のずれた　バラバラの合唱） 546 00:43:58,497 --> 00:44:00,597 なんや　これは… 547 00:44:06,005 --> 00:44:16,165 （バラバラの合唱） 548 00:44:16,165 --> 00:44:21,670 ♪♪～この大空に翼を広げ 549 00:44:21,670 --> 00:44:27,009 ♪♪～飛んで行きたいよ 550 00:44:27,009 --> 00:44:31,309 ♪♪～悲しみのない自由な… 551 00:44:38,504 --> 00:44:43,042 うちのために演奏中断せんでもどうぞ　続けてください 552 00:44:43,042 --> 00:44:47,346 （榛名）いいえ　先生のためやなくて 553 00:44:47,346 --> 00:44:52,668 これ以上　聴いてると私の耳がおかしくなりそうやったので 554 00:44:52,668 --> 00:44:55,504 それはそれは　ご苦労さんです 555 00:44:55,504 --> 00:44:58,841 でも　おかしなもんですよね 556 00:44:58,841 --> 00:45:01,160 何がですか？ 557 00:45:01,160 --> 00:45:07,760 どこのクラスでも担任の先生の性格に似てしまうんです　合唱は 558 00:45:09,335 --> 00:45:15,608 あの…　それは　うちがオンチやとでも言いたいのでしょうか 559 00:45:15,608 --> 00:45:19,662 女の戦いやしのぶ　榛名先生をライバル視してる 560 00:45:19,662 --> 00:45:22,331 しのぶ？しのぶでええやろ 561 00:45:22,331 --> 00:45:26,502 じゃあ今度　カラオケでもご一緒いたしましょか？ 562 00:45:26,502 --> 00:45:28,504 実力お見せします 563 00:45:28,504 --> 00:45:33,304 ＜うわッ　こんな負けず嫌い生まれて初めて見た＞ 564 00:45:36,996 --> 00:45:39,014 竹内先生 565 00:45:39,014 --> 00:45:41,167 どうも 566 00:45:41,167 --> 00:45:45,421 福島君のお父さんの葬儀の日程が決まったそうです 567 00:45:45,421 --> 00:45:48,007 先生　手伝いに行ってもらえますか 568 00:45:48,007 --> 00:45:50,509 はい　もちろんです 569 00:45:50,509 --> 00:45:53,512 余計なことはしてないでしょうね？ 570 00:45:53,512 --> 00:45:57,166 えッ…　ああ… 571 00:45:57,166 --> 00:46:00,019 はい…　いえ… 572 00:46:00,019 --> 00:46:03,656 とりあえず　福島君の様子は見に行ってきました 573 00:46:03,656 --> 00:46:06,542 そうですか福島君どうでしたか？ 574 00:46:06,542 --> 00:46:08,842 気丈にやってました 575 00:46:14,583 --> 00:46:25,327 （バラバラの合唱） 576 00:46:25,327 --> 00:46:29,665 （芙美）「たこ焼きの思い出６年２組　土屋芙美」 577 00:46:29,665 --> 00:46:31,684 土屋芙美… 578 00:46:31,684 --> 00:46:35,821 《福島君はいません欠席やと思います》 579 00:46:35,821 --> 00:46:39,321 ああ　学級委員か 580 00:46:40,726 --> 00:46:44,747 「昨日　福島君のお父さんが亡くなりました」 581 00:46:44,747 --> 00:46:48,767 「私もネジ工場をやっていたお父さんが」 582 00:46:48,767 --> 00:46:52,171 「おととし　心筋梗塞で死にました」 583 00:46:52,171 --> 00:46:58,460 「だから今の福島君の気持ちが少し分かります」 584 00:46:58,460 --> 00:47:02,560 「福島君のお父さんには　一度だけ会ったことがあります」 585 00:47:04,333 --> 00:47:10,506 「福島君のお父さんは　貴船神社の隣で　車の後ろをお店にして」 586 00:47:10,506 --> 00:47:13,259 「たこ焼き屋さんをやっていました」 587 00:47:13,259 --> 00:47:15,344 先生さようなら 588 00:47:15,344 --> 00:47:17,830 さよなら 589 00:47:17,830 --> 00:47:22,167 「私が買いに行ったとき福島君も手伝いをしていて」 590 00:47:22,167 --> 00:47:27,006 「偉いなあと思って見ていたらわざと知らん顔しました」 591 00:47:27,006 --> 00:47:31,010 「私が恥ずかしがらんでもええのにと言ったら」 592 00:47:31,010 --> 00:47:34,179 「うるさい　と　どなりました」 593 00:47:34,179 --> 00:47:40,169 「けど　福島君とお父さんはとても仲がよさそうでした」 594 00:47:40,169 --> 00:47:43,522 「ほんで　そのたこ焼きはたこが大きくて」 595 00:47:43,522 --> 00:47:45,824 「メッチャおいしかったです」 596 00:47:45,824 --> 00:47:48,577 《お待ちどおさん》 597 00:47:48,577 --> 00:47:51,597 「私は　つらいとき　悲しいとき」 598 00:47:51,597 --> 00:47:54,617 「友達にたくさん助けてもらいました」 599 00:47:54,617 --> 00:47:59,617 「だから私も福島君を応援したいと思います」 600 00:48:01,006 --> 00:48:03,842 先生　何してんの？ 601 00:48:03,842 --> 00:48:06,829 ああ　芙美ちゃん　今帰り？ 602 00:48:06,829 --> 00:48:09,999 書道クラブ寄ってきたとこですそうか 603 00:48:09,999 --> 00:48:15,504 アンタここで福島君のお父さんがたこ焼き売ってるとこ見た？ 604 00:48:15,504 --> 00:48:18,340 うん　あっこんとこで 605 00:48:18,340 --> 00:48:21,360 なかなかよう書けてたよ　作文 606 00:48:21,360 --> 00:48:24,880 字も上手やなあさすが書道クラブや 607 00:48:24,880 --> 00:48:26,882 おおきに 608 00:48:26,882 --> 00:48:31,003 芙美ちゃんとこも亡くなりはったんやね　お父さん 609 00:48:31,003 --> 00:48:35,507 先生　同情はせんといてね福島君にも　うちにも 610 00:48:35,507 --> 00:48:39,828 うち　かわいそうな子と思われるのが一番嫌や 611 00:48:39,828 --> 00:48:43,098 福島君も　きっとそうやと思う 612 00:48:43,098 --> 00:48:49,004 父ちゃんの一人くらいおらんでもなんとかやっていけるもんやし 613 00:48:49,004 --> 00:48:51,804 福島君も　そのうち慣れるやろ 614 00:48:53,993 --> 00:48:57,093 そうかうん 615 00:48:58,664 --> 00:49:01,764 そんなもんかそんなもんや 616 00:49:03,936 --> 00:49:08,324 作文にも　そのこと書いたらよかったのに 617 00:49:08,324 --> 00:49:13,095 ちょっと優等生やったかもしらん作文の方が 618 00:49:13,095 --> 00:49:17,166 先生　世間に出すもんにあんまり本音書いたらあかんやろ 619 00:49:17,166 --> 00:49:19,466 ちっとは　かっこつけんと 620 00:49:22,004 --> 00:49:25,774 何がおかしいの？いや 621 00:49:25,774 --> 00:49:30,179 しっかし　アンタらみんな強いな感心するわ 622 00:49:30,179 --> 00:49:33,415 先生に言われたないわ原田ら　どなったとき 623 00:49:33,415 --> 00:49:36,185 怖あて　クラス中みんな震えとったんやから 624 00:49:36,185 --> 00:49:39,338 うちが　どなった？　いつ？ 625 00:49:39,338 --> 00:49:43,592 原田と畑中のケンカんとき 626 00:49:43,592 --> 00:49:46,161 ああ～　あれか 627 00:49:46,161 --> 00:49:50,015 あんなん　どなったうちに入らんけどなあ 628 00:49:50,015 --> 00:49:53,515 ホンマに怒ったらもっと怖いで 629 00:49:56,321 --> 00:49:58,507 （美奈子）ああ～　ずるい 630 00:49:58,507 --> 00:50:01,493 なんで芙美ちゃんだけ先生と仲ようしてんの？ 631 00:50:01,493 --> 00:50:03,793 うちも先生の横　座る 632 00:50:09,852 --> 00:50:13,672 福島さんは　ここで働き始めて何年くらいになるんですか？ 633 00:50:13,672 --> 00:50:18,494 （木戸）長いですよ　パートで入ったんが　３年ほど前やったか 634 00:50:18,494 --> 00:50:21,497 正社員になったんはこの３月からですわ 635 00:50:21,497 --> 00:50:24,850 えらい最近の話ですなそれは本人の希望で？ 636 00:50:24,850 --> 00:50:28,170 そうです　正社員になれば 637 00:50:28,170 --> 00:50:31,173 パートとは待遇が違いますから 638 00:50:31,173 --> 00:50:33,842 こんな小さな会社でも 639 00:50:33,842 --> 00:50:38,013 火災保険や　交通共済にも入れるし厚生年金かて 640 00:50:38,013 --> 00:50:41,266 旦那さんのことで悩んでいたというようなことは？ 641 00:50:41,266 --> 00:50:43,566 あったかもしれません 642 00:50:46,171 --> 00:50:50,676 相談でも受けてたんですか？いや　単なる噂です 643 00:50:50,676 --> 00:50:55,330 ただ　残業を増やしてほしいという希望も出ていたんで 644 00:50:55,330 --> 00:50:58,167 希望を出したら増やせるんですか残業は？ 645 00:50:58,167 --> 00:51:01,667 私が主任ですから多少の融通はね 646 00:51:03,605 --> 00:51:05,824 結婚してはるんですね 647 00:51:05,824 --> 00:51:08,994 ええ　それが何か？ 648 00:51:08,994 --> 00:51:11,294 いえいえ… 649 00:51:13,165 --> 00:51:16,001 どうも気になるなあ 650 00:51:16,001 --> 00:51:20,005 福島雪江ですか？ああ 651 00:51:20,005 --> 00:51:22,174 女っちゅうのは分からんからな 652 00:51:22,174 --> 00:51:25,177 まじめで　おとなしそうな女ほどいざとなると 653 00:51:25,177 --> 00:51:28,013 ビックリするようなことしよるさかいな 654 00:51:28,013 --> 00:51:30,032 そうですね～ 655 00:51:30,032 --> 00:51:33,669 しかも　あの旦那や動機は十分ある 656 00:51:33,669 --> 00:51:37,573 けど　福島雪江にはアリバイがあるじゃないですか 657 00:51:37,573 --> 00:51:40,592 《お金　持ってかんといて！》 658 00:51:40,592 --> 00:51:43,612 アパート周りの住民が複数　あの晩 659 00:51:43,612 --> 00:51:47,499 福島が運転する軽トラが出てってんのを見てます 660 00:51:47,499 --> 00:51:50,002 それが夜中の１１時か… 661 00:51:50,002 --> 00:51:55,007 しかも１１時半頃　もういっぺん雪江と息子の友宏　娘のさくらが 662 00:51:55,007 --> 00:51:57,326 下のおばはんのとこ訪ねてますし 663 00:51:57,326 --> 00:51:59,661 それなんやえッ？ 664 00:51:59,661 --> 00:52:03,165 なんでわざわざ訪ねたんや？息子と一緒に 665 00:52:03,165 --> 00:52:06,935 《アメちゃん食べるかおいしいで》 666 00:52:06,935 --> 00:52:09,338 《ホンマすんません》 667 00:52:09,338 --> 00:52:11,590 なんや　できすぎやと思わへんか？ 668 00:52:11,590 --> 00:52:14,159 そう言われればそうかもしれませんけど 669 00:52:14,159 --> 00:52:18,330 もしも　１１時半以降に家を出たとして 670 00:52:18,330 --> 00:52:20,666 どうやって　ここまで来るんです？ 671 00:52:20,666 --> 00:52:25,837 雪江は車を運転しないし電車やとしても約１時間はかかる 672 00:52:25,837 --> 00:52:27,937 しかも駅から　かなり離れてる 673 00:52:28,991 --> 00:52:32,661 誰かに頼んだとしたら？ 674 00:52:32,661 --> 00:52:34,680 あの男ですか 675 00:52:34,680 --> 00:52:36,665 《私が主任ですから》 676 00:52:36,665 --> 00:52:38,667 みすず食品の主任 677 00:52:38,667 --> 00:52:40,669 当たってみる必要あるな 678 00:52:40,669 --> 00:52:45,841 （携帯着信） 679 00:52:45,841 --> 00:52:48,327 はい　漆崎　おう 680 00:52:48,327 --> 00:52:51,830 うん　えッ？ 681 00:52:51,830 --> 00:52:56,001 ああ　そうか　すぐ行く 682 00:52:56,001 --> 00:52:59,254 所轄の連中が参考人をパクりよった 683 00:52:59,254 --> 00:53:02,491 最近まで福島とつきおうとった組の若い衆やそうや 684 00:53:02,491 --> 00:53:06,678 賭場開いて　そこで文男も相当負けがたまっとったらしいわ 685 00:53:06,678 --> 00:53:09,665 ３万ですか… あほか　３００万じゃ！ 686 00:53:09,665 --> 00:53:11,765 はよ運転せいはいッ 687 00:53:18,073 --> 00:53:21,843 アリバイがある？はよ言わんか　それを！ 688 00:53:21,843 --> 00:53:24,596 今さっき　裏とれたとこなんで 689 00:53:24,596 --> 00:53:28,116 事件の夜は仲間と雀荘で徹マンやっとったそうです 690 00:53:28,116 --> 00:53:30,836 はけやなんやねん！ 691 00:53:30,836 --> 00:53:32,838 カツ丼　とろうか？ 692 00:53:32,838 --> 00:53:35,991 ≪（尾形）そのチンピラが面白いこと言うてたんです 693 00:53:35,991 --> 00:53:39,494 福島が近々　金を返すアテがある言うとったと 694 00:53:39,494 --> 00:53:41,496 ３００万をか？ 695 00:53:41,496 --> 00:53:44,016 口からでまかせやないんですか？ 696 00:53:44,016 --> 00:53:47,686 その可能性もありますけど借金が３００万いうたら 697 00:53:47,686 --> 00:53:50,489 チンピラのバックも黙っとりませんよね？ 698 00:53:50,489 --> 00:53:53,825 相当　脅かされてたのとちゃいますか？　こっちに 699 00:53:53,825 --> 00:53:57,829 福島はかなり追い詰められて金策に走ったっちゅうことやな 700 00:53:57,829 --> 00:54:02,167 けど　そんな男に金を工面してくれる人間なんかおりますかね？ 701 00:54:02,167 --> 00:54:05,153 話のコシを折るようなことばっかし言うな 702 00:54:05,153 --> 00:54:09,324 新藤　お前　例の主任もっかいあたっとけ 703 00:54:09,324 --> 00:54:11,843 はい… ちょっと 704 00:54:11,843 --> 00:54:15,443 なんや　その返事は　元気よくはいッ 705 00:54:16,832 --> 00:54:19,351 あッ　あッ　あ～ッ！ 706 00:54:19,351 --> 00:54:21,503 （階段を転げ落ちる音） 707 00:54:21,503 --> 00:54:25,257 なんで　あいつが刑事になれたんか分からんわ 708 00:54:25,257 --> 00:54:28,493 ＜福島君んちも大変やったけど＞ 709 00:54:28,493 --> 00:54:31,830 ＜その頃　ウチにも重大な事件が起こってました＞ 710 00:54:31,830 --> 00:54:34,833 ＜お母ちゃんがお父ちゃんに隠れて＞ 711 00:54:34,833 --> 00:54:38,170 ＜こっそり免許を取りに行ってたことが　ばれたんです＞ 712 00:54:38,170 --> 00:54:41,923 （昌夫）何が免許や　お前がそんなもん取ってどないすんのや 713 00:54:41,923 --> 00:54:43,992 やめて　もうやめようや！ 714 00:54:43,992 --> 00:54:47,012 だって　自立したかったんやもんはあ？ 715 00:54:47,012 --> 00:54:49,998 いつかはここを出ていきたかったの 716 00:54:49,998 --> 00:54:54,169 ≪（昌夫）何を言うてんねん兄ちゃん　お母ちゃんが家出やて！ 717 00:54:54,169 --> 00:54:57,169 いつかは言おうと思ってたんや何を？ 718 00:54:58,156 --> 00:55:00,826 アンタに対する不満や 719 00:55:00,826 --> 00:55:03,578 不満って　毎日言うとるやないか 720 00:55:03,578 --> 00:55:06,665 こんだけ毎日言うとっても気いが治まらんのか 721 00:55:06,665 --> 00:55:10,165 言うても直さへんアンタへの不満や！ 722 00:55:11,837 --> 00:55:16,158 私の人生　一生ここで串カツ揚げてんのかと思うと 723 00:55:16,158 --> 00:55:19,458 時々　無性に　むなしなるんや！ 724 00:55:26,835 --> 00:55:32,224 大体…　大体なんで　うちがここで串カツ揚げなあかんの？ 725 00:55:32,224 --> 00:55:34,826 ウチは　串カツまーちゃんや 726 00:55:34,826 --> 00:55:37,496 アンタの名前がついてる店や→ 727 00:55:37,496 --> 00:55:40,766 そやのに働いてんのはうちばっかり！ 728 00:55:40,766 --> 00:55:43,485 俺かて働いてるやないか！ 729 00:55:43,485 --> 00:55:45,837 よう　そんなこと！ 730 00:55:45,837 --> 00:55:48,824 いつ何が起こるか分からへんのやで 731 00:55:48,824 --> 00:55:53,879 一度しかない人生夢ぐらい見たってええやないの 732 00:55:53,879 --> 00:55:57,899 それをヨンジュンのファンミぐらいで 733 00:55:57,899 --> 00:55:59,901 ゴチャゴチャ… 734 00:55:59,901 --> 00:56:02,938 （修）ファンミって何？（バース）ファンミーティングや 735 00:56:02,938 --> 00:56:05,457 俺はファンミで怒ったんちゃうで 736 00:56:05,457 --> 00:56:09,828 お前が親戚近所の名前　総動員して何十枚も応募ハガキ書くから 737 00:56:09,828 --> 00:56:13,515 だって　そうせんとチケット手に入るか分からへんかったもん 738 00:56:13,515 --> 00:56:16,501 ほんでも結局当たらへんかったやないか 739 00:56:16,501 --> 00:56:21,506 せやのに　同じ空気吸いたいて何が　さいたまスーパーアリーナや 740 00:56:21,506 --> 00:56:24,509 入れもせんファンミにわざわざ埼玉まで 741 00:56:24,509 --> 00:56:27,162 ああ～ッ！ 742 00:56:27,162 --> 00:56:29,915 せやから嫌なんや　こんな生活 743 00:56:29,915 --> 00:56:32,501 うちはな　いつか免許取って 744 00:56:32,501 --> 00:56:35,504 自分の人生　自分で運転するんや！ 745 00:56:35,504 --> 00:56:37,506 もういっぺん言うてみ！ 746 00:56:37,506 --> 00:56:39,491 兄ちゃん　早く！ 747 00:56:39,491 --> 00:56:42,828 お母ちゃん　もうやめて兄ちゃんも何とか言うて！ 748 00:56:42,828 --> 00:56:44,846 あほくさ 749 00:56:44,846 --> 00:56:48,166 そんなことより福島んとこの葬式行かんでええの？ 750 00:56:48,166 --> 00:56:51,837 えッ？商店街で　まとめて香典出すんやろ 751 00:56:51,837 --> 00:56:54,172 あッ　そやった 752 00:56:54,172 --> 00:56:57,159 うわッ　もう行かな　もう～ 753 00:56:57,159 --> 00:56:59,511 あッ 754 00:56:59,511 --> 00:57:01,847 父ちゃん 755 00:57:01,847 --> 00:57:05,000 アンタも殺されたなかったら 756 00:57:05,000 --> 00:57:07,169 生活改めや 757 00:57:07,169 --> 00:57:09,437 さもないと 758 00:57:09,437 --> 00:57:11,937 ろくな死に方せえへんで 759 00:57:17,179 --> 00:57:20,515 ＜兄ちゃんは気にすなと言うけど＞ 760 00:57:20,515 --> 00:57:23,268 ＜僕には　お母ちゃんの　その顔が＞ 761 00:57:23,268 --> 00:57:26,268 ＜ちょっと本気に見えて　怖かった＞ 762 00:57:27,172 --> 00:57:29,508 ＜お母ちゃん　頼むで＞ 763 00:57:29,508 --> 00:57:32,828 ＜これ以上　この町に殺人事件起こさんといて＞ 764 00:57:32,828 --> 00:57:36,828 ＜世界平和は家族の平和から始まるんやで＞ 765 00:57:39,668 --> 00:57:42,487 ＜福島君のお父さんの葬式は＞ 766 00:57:42,487 --> 00:57:45,273 ＜町の集会所で行われた＞ 767 00:57:45,273 --> 00:57:50,273 ＜それにしても　こんなに人の少ない葬式　見たことない＞ 768 00:58:04,175 --> 00:58:06,161 ようよう 769 00:58:06,161 --> 00:58:08,163 よう 770 00:58:08,163 --> 00:58:10,715 うん？お前　葬式出るんか？ 771 00:58:10,715 --> 00:58:13,215 いや　身だしなみだから一応 772 00:58:31,169 --> 00:58:33,171 うわッ 773 00:58:33,171 --> 00:58:36,174 何や　お前か　びっくりさすなすんません 774 00:58:36,174 --> 00:58:40,011 漆さん　あの主任はシロでした 775 00:58:40,011 --> 00:58:41,997 ≪（漆崎）そうか 776 00:58:41,997 --> 00:58:46,334 あの夜　工場の別の従業員の女と密会しとりました 777 00:58:46,334 --> 00:58:50,155 ≪（漆崎）許せんやっちゃな妻子持ちのくせに 778 00:58:50,155 --> 00:58:53,508 顔のええ男に　ろくなのおらんなすんません 779 00:58:53,508 --> 00:58:57,178 あほ　お前は顔も捜査もイマイチじゃ 780 00:58:57,178 --> 00:59:01,833 しかし　これで全部振り出しに戻りましたね 781 00:59:01,833 --> 00:59:04,586 チンピラ　シロ主任　シロ 782 00:59:04,586 --> 00:59:06,588 社長　シロ 783 00:59:06,588 --> 00:59:09,174 残りはチンピラのバックか 784 00:59:09,174 --> 00:59:11,174 それとも… 785 00:59:13,178 --> 00:59:17,778 ああやってると　ホンマにおしとやかに見えるんやけどな 786 00:59:20,168 --> 00:59:22,268 ホンマやな 787 00:59:23,505 --> 00:59:26,105 女は見かけじゃ分かりませんな 788 00:59:27,258 --> 00:59:29,258 まったくや 789 00:59:32,163 --> 00:59:35,166 しかし　雪江にはアリバイがある 790 00:59:35,166 --> 00:59:37,168 えッ？ 791 00:59:37,168 --> 00:59:39,170 （水が流れるような音） 792 00:59:39,170 --> 00:59:41,489 アリバイが…　ぬくいな 793 00:59:41,489 --> 00:59:44,843 はい　微妙な… 794 00:59:44,843 --> 00:59:47,143 ぬくいよ 795 00:59:48,163 --> 00:59:50,165 うわッ 796 00:59:50,165 --> 00:59:53,165 モモちゃん　あかんやないか 797 00:59:56,171 --> 00:59:58,490 やッ　刑事さん 798 00:59:58,490 --> 01:00:00,508 どうも堪忍やで 799 01:00:00,508 --> 01:00:03,828 この子な　もう年で目が　よう見えんのですわ 800 01:00:03,828 --> 01:00:06,514 頭のほうも　ちょっとぼけてきて 801 01:00:06,514 --> 01:00:08,817 それはどうも　大変ですね 802 01:00:08,817 --> 01:00:11,186 このおばはん　あんときの 803 01:00:11,186 --> 01:00:14,939 刑事さん　この間のことどないなりました？ 804 01:00:14,939 --> 01:00:17,492 はッ？幽霊 805 01:00:17,492 --> 01:00:21,846 うちな　何べん考えてみてもおかしい思うんやわ 806 01:00:21,846 --> 01:00:25,166 新藤　行くでおばちゃん　その話　また今度 807 01:00:25,166 --> 01:00:27,466 今　仕事中やから　堪忍な 808 01:00:30,171 --> 01:00:32,173 難儀な　ばあさんやな 809 01:00:32,173 --> 01:00:36,177 この前から幽霊見た　幽霊見たってぼけとるみたいなんですわ 810 01:00:36,177 --> 01:00:39,514 夜中に　誰も乗ってないトラックが走っとったって 811 01:00:39,514 --> 01:00:42,500 犬もぼけとりゃ飼い主もぼけとんのか 812 01:00:42,500 --> 01:00:45,837 誰も乗ってないトラック今　そう言うたな？ 813 01:00:45,837 --> 01:00:47,822 はいいつの話や 814 01:00:47,822 --> 01:00:52,122 えっと～　ですから　あの晩です福島文男が殺された 815 01:01:02,487 --> 01:01:04,787 何してんの？ 816 01:01:05,890 --> 01:01:08,159 へえ　パラパラ漫画か 817 01:01:08,159 --> 01:01:10,495 懐かしいな 818 01:01:10,495 --> 01:01:13,515 そんな顔せんで兄ちゃんにも見して 819 01:01:13,515 --> 01:01:17,168 ダメ　お父ちゃんがうちにくれた手帳や 820 01:01:17,168 --> 01:01:20,768 父ちゃんが？　ちょっとオッチャンに見せてえな 821 01:01:21,840 --> 01:01:25,844 何をしてる　ちょっと貸しダメ　嫌や　泥棒！ 822 01:01:25,844 --> 01:01:28,830 泥棒って　警察じゃ新藤　押さえとけ 823 01:01:28,830 --> 01:01:30,849 でも… 824 01:01:30,849 --> 01:01:35,170 何やこれ　雪江の会社の手帳やんか 825 01:01:35,170 --> 01:01:37,505 痛ッ　噛んだ！？ 826 01:01:37,505 --> 01:01:39,507 返せ！うるさい 827 01:01:39,507 --> 01:01:42,494 ≪（さくら）泥棒～　返せ！ 828 01:01:42,494 --> 01:01:44,496 ほら 829 01:01:44,496 --> 01:01:46,931 漆さん　どうかしました？ 830 01:01:46,931 --> 01:01:50,502 ちょっと用を思い出したお前ここで　この子見張っとけ 831 01:01:50,502 --> 01:01:54,155 えッ　ちょっと！（さくら）泥棒～　返せ！ 832 01:01:54,155 --> 01:01:56,174 どないしたん？ 833 01:01:56,174 --> 01:01:59,174 あッ　お兄ちゃんの先生 834 01:02:00,161 --> 01:02:02,580 どうも 835 01:02:02,580 --> 01:02:05,600 お父ちゃんの出棺やで　はよおいで 836 01:02:05,600 --> 01:02:07,900 うん 837 01:02:14,159 --> 01:02:17,159 何や　お前ら　その目は 838 01:02:20,198 --> 01:02:26,798 （クラクション） 839 01:02:41,169 --> 01:02:43,769 一緒に行かんでよかったん？ 840 01:02:45,156 --> 01:02:48,843 ええんや別れは　もう済ましたから 841 01:02:48,843 --> 01:02:50,843 なッ？ 842 01:02:52,847 --> 01:02:56,501 ほんなら先生と　お茶でも行こか 843 01:02:56,501 --> 01:02:59,504 そや　ポンポンのロールケーキ食べに行こ 844 01:02:59,504 --> 01:03:02,104 おいしいで 845 01:03:04,342 --> 01:03:08,442 福島に言ってんのや　アンタらにはこの間おごったやろ 846 01:03:11,166 --> 01:03:13,466 行こ　妹も 847 01:03:14,936 --> 01:03:17,956 家に帰るえッ？ 848 01:03:17,956 --> 01:03:20,825 色々やることがあって忙しいんや 849 01:03:20,825 --> 01:03:23,125 さくら　行くで 850 01:03:25,663 --> 01:03:28,163 ほな　お世話さまでした 851 01:03:44,832 --> 01:03:47,502 なるべく早く　学校来るんやで 852 01:03:47,502 --> 01:03:50,002 待ってるからな！ 853 01:03:51,155 --> 01:03:53,174 ≪（郁夫）はよ来いや 854 01:03:53,174 --> 01:03:56,010 待ってるで！待ってるよ！ 855 01:03:56,010 --> 01:03:59,110 ≪（修）俺も待ってるで！ ≪（畑中）俺も！ 856 01:04:08,489 --> 01:04:10,992 あッ　いや… 857 01:04:10,992 --> 01:04:13,511 目にゴミが 858 01:04:13,511 --> 01:04:15,847 ほこりが 859 01:04:15,847 --> 01:04:18,147 砂が… 860 01:04:20,835 --> 01:04:23,004 ≪（学生）おいしそう 861 01:04:23,004 --> 01:04:25,340 （店主）おおきに 862 01:04:25,340 --> 01:04:27,825 ええ匂いですなあ 863 01:04:27,825 --> 01:04:29,825 そうですな 864 01:04:31,279 --> 01:04:35,833 人って　あさましいもんですね 865 01:04:35,833 --> 01:04:38,503 えッ？ 866 01:04:38,503 --> 01:04:43,508 うち　こんなときでもおなかすいてしまいますねん 867 01:04:43,508 --> 01:04:45,994 うんうん　うんうん 868 01:04:45,994 --> 01:04:49,013 （店主）へい　お待ちどおさんおおきに 869 01:04:49,013 --> 01:04:50,999 ごっつ　うまそや 870 01:04:50,999 --> 01:04:53,299 はよ食べようん　早く 871 01:04:54,902 --> 01:04:56,921 刑事はん 872 01:04:56,921 --> 01:04:59,221 この子らのためにも 873 01:05:00,158 --> 01:05:03,161 早いこと事件解決したってください 874 01:05:03,161 --> 01:05:06,761 今　捜査しとるとこです 875 01:05:07,832 --> 01:05:11,602 何や　さえへん答えやな 876 01:05:11,602 --> 01:05:15,102 そのために庶民はたっかい税金払うてんねんで 877 01:05:16,824 --> 01:05:19,510 犯人が分からへんのやったら 878 01:05:19,510 --> 01:05:23,498 福島君のお父さんも浮かばれへんし 879 01:05:23,498 --> 01:05:25,798 はあ 880 01:05:27,168 --> 01:05:29,937 まあ　分かったからっていうて 881 01:05:29,937 --> 01:05:34,237 ほんで気が済むもんでもないとは思いますけど 882 01:05:37,178 --> 01:05:41,516 けど　分からへんよりかは　ましや 883 01:05:41,516 --> 01:05:44,116 そらそうです 884 01:05:45,169 --> 01:05:48,523 福島君のお父さんも 885 01:05:48,523 --> 01:05:51,826 以前は　ここでたこ焼き売ってたそうですね 886 01:05:51,826 --> 01:05:54,345 えッ　そうなんですか？ 887 01:05:54,345 --> 01:05:59,650 何や　アンタ警察なのにそんなことも調べてへんの 888 01:05:59,650 --> 01:06:03,154 昔は　あっこに車止めて 889 01:06:03,154 --> 01:06:07,158 ちょうど　こんなふうにしてたこ焼き売っとったって 890 01:06:07,158 --> 01:06:10,828 ほんで　福島君もよう手伝うとったらしいです 891 01:06:10,828 --> 01:06:13,197 詳しいですね 892 01:06:13,197 --> 01:06:15,500 担任ですから 893 01:06:15,500 --> 01:06:17,835 なあ　アンタら　そやろ？ 894 01:06:17,835 --> 01:06:20,135 何が？ 895 01:06:21,989 --> 01:06:27,089 まったく　どいつもこいつも役に立たん男ばっかりや 896 01:06:28,162 --> 01:06:31,933 アンタら　商売の邪魔んなるからどいてもらえるかな 897 01:06:31,933 --> 01:06:35,169 えッ　他に客なんかおれへんやないですか 898 01:06:35,169 --> 01:06:38,489 今日は土曜やからこれから　ぎょうさん来るんや 899 01:06:38,489 --> 01:06:41,509 どいてもらわんと商売にならへんやろ 900 01:06:41,509 --> 01:06:44,162 ちょっと　オッチャン何言うてんの 901 01:06:44,162 --> 01:06:47,665 うちら　アンタんとこのたこ焼き買うて食べてんのやで 902 01:06:47,665 --> 01:06:50,318 せやのになんで文句言われなあかんの 903 01:06:50,318 --> 01:06:54,172 そや　よう見たらここ駐車禁止やんけ 904 01:06:54,172 --> 01:06:57,175 ＜今頃　気づいてんのかこの刑事さん＞ 905 01:06:57,175 --> 01:06:59,177 ＜大丈夫か？＞ 906 01:06:59,177 --> 01:07:02,997 大阪は　どこもこんなもんや気にしとったら食うていかれへん 907 01:07:02,997 --> 01:07:05,500 道端に止めんと 908 01:07:05,500 --> 01:07:09,170 ここに車入れたらええやないですか 909 01:07:09,170 --> 01:07:12,673 そんな狭いとこに車が入りますかいな 910 01:07:12,673 --> 01:07:15,660 そんなもんちょちょいのちょいやろ 911 01:07:15,660 --> 01:07:19,680 あッ　うち　この間習ったとこやから入れてあげよか 912 01:07:19,680 --> 01:07:23,000 習った？今　教習所通ってますねん 913 01:07:23,000 --> 01:07:26,821 ええ　ええ　ぶつけられても困るし平気やて 914 01:07:26,821 --> 01:07:30,074 うち車庫入れの天才言われてんねんで 915 01:07:30,074 --> 01:07:32,176 ちょっと練習　練習 916 01:07:32,176 --> 01:07:35,329 やめときて！入ったって出られへんわ 917 01:07:35,329 --> 01:07:38,833 第一　あそこやったらドアが開かへんやろ 918 01:07:38,833 --> 01:07:41,133 けど… 919 01:07:42,153 --> 01:07:45,823 こう　正面をガーッと入れるやろ 920 01:07:45,823 --> 01:07:49,494 したら　こうスーッと入って 921 01:07:49,494 --> 01:07:52,494 ほんで　こう降りれば… 922 01:08:04,842 --> 01:08:07,442 《（車のエンジンがかかる）》 923 01:08:18,873 --> 01:08:23,173 《（文男）友宏　えらいこっちゃわし　出られへんがな》 924 01:08:31,169 --> 01:08:33,171 ああ… 925 01:08:33,171 --> 01:08:35,156 あ～ッ！ 926 01:08:35,156 --> 01:08:37,175 何や？どうしたの？ 927 01:08:37,175 --> 01:08:40,161 どないしたんですか？あかん　これはあかん 928 01:08:40,161 --> 01:08:43,164 そんなことしたらあかん！ 929 01:08:43,164 --> 01:08:46,334 アンタら刑事さん　つかまえといて！ 930 01:08:46,334 --> 01:08:49,086 ちゃんと　つかまえるんやで！ 931 01:08:49,086 --> 01:08:52,323 うまいこといったら一週間　宿題免除や！ 932 01:08:52,323 --> 01:08:54,659 今　しのぶ何ちゅうた？ 933 01:08:54,659 --> 01:08:57,178 宿題　一週間免除やて！ 934 01:08:57,178 --> 01:08:59,478 やった～ 935 01:09:00,848 --> 01:09:03,167 やめよなッ　やめとけ 936 01:09:03,167 --> 01:09:05,167 兄ちゃん　警察やぞ 937 01:09:06,204 --> 01:09:08,239 ちょっと　あかん！ 938 01:09:08,239 --> 01:09:11,842 ＜なんや　しのぶセンセが来てから変なことばっかりや＞ 939 01:09:11,842 --> 01:09:14,829 ＜刑事さん尋問したりつかまえたり＞ 940 01:09:14,829 --> 01:09:16,847 ＜あべこべやん＞ 941 01:09:16,847 --> 01:09:18,849 福島　待っとけよ！ 942 01:09:18,849 --> 01:09:22,849 ＜ていうか　だんだんすごいんやけど　この先生＞ 943 01:11:26,177 --> 01:11:28,512 福島　おるか？ 944 01:11:28,512 --> 01:11:30,812 おったら出てこい！ 945 01:11:31,932 --> 01:11:34,835 おい福島　はよ出てこんか！ 946 01:11:34,835 --> 01:11:38,656 うちを誰やと思うてんのや大路の　しのぶやで！ 947 01:11:38,656 --> 01:11:40,841 イッタッ… 948 01:11:40,841 --> 01:11:42,941 開いとるんやけど 949 01:11:45,846 --> 01:11:47,998 分かってるわ 950 01:11:47,998 --> 01:11:52,098 ノックをするのはレディーのたしなみ 951 01:12:03,831 --> 01:12:05,850 ありがとう 952 01:12:05,850 --> 01:12:08,169 何の用？ 953 01:12:08,169 --> 01:12:11,469 うん　話がある 954 01:12:18,829 --> 01:12:22,166 アンタ　ちょっと外　出とき 955 01:12:22,166 --> 01:12:25,486 兄ちゃんに何すんの！ええから出ときなさい 956 01:12:25,486 --> 01:12:28,086 うちは兄ちゃんと話があるんや 957 01:12:29,256 --> 01:12:31,756 さくら　出とき 958 01:12:48,843 --> 01:12:51,443 福島　そこ座り 959 01:13:02,907 --> 01:13:06,907 なあ　正直に言うてみ 960 01:13:07,945 --> 01:13:10,745 先生　悪いようにはせんから 961 01:13:12,166 --> 01:13:16,466 今のうちやったら先生が何とかしたるから 962 01:13:17,822 --> 01:13:20,841 ホンマのこと言うてみ 963 01:13:20,841 --> 01:13:23,594 何言うてんのか訳分からん 964 01:13:23,594 --> 01:13:25,894 ごまかしたらあかん 965 01:13:26,831 --> 01:13:29,131 福島 966 01:13:30,501 --> 01:13:34,801 アンタ　軽トラ運転できるやろ 967 01:13:38,843 --> 01:13:42,143 あの晩　何があったんや 968 01:13:43,831 --> 01:13:46,500 先生　どうしたんですか！？ 969 01:13:46,500 --> 01:13:49,870 クソッ　もう来たか 970 01:13:49,870 --> 01:13:52,870 間が悪いやっちゃな 971 01:13:53,891 --> 01:13:56,391 先生　何ですか！？ 972 01:13:57,511 --> 01:13:59,680 入ったらあかんなんで？ 973 01:13:59,680 --> 01:14:03,000 今　二人で大事な話してるんやええから　どいて！ 974 01:14:03,000 --> 01:14:05,152 あかん　入らんといて！ 975 01:14:05,152 --> 01:14:08,452 何やねん　どきなさい兄ちゃん　警察やで！ 976 01:14:09,824 --> 01:14:11,824 あッ 977 01:14:13,594 --> 01:14:16,163 先生　ここにおるんでしょ？ 978 01:14:16,163 --> 01:14:18,833 ドア開けてください　先生！ 979 01:14:18,833 --> 01:14:22,433 一体　何があったんですか　先生！ 980 01:14:27,191 --> 01:14:29,193 先生　竹内先生！ 981 01:14:29,193 --> 01:14:32,213 （原田）先生　ごめん逃げられてもうた！ 982 01:14:32,213 --> 01:14:35,232 この　どあほつかまえとけ言うたやろ！ 983 01:14:35,232 --> 01:14:37,835 明日から全員　宿題　倍や！ 984 01:14:37,835 --> 01:14:39,837 ええ～ 985 01:14:39,837 --> 01:14:43,841 ちょっと　さっきから何の騒ぎやの警察呼ぶで！ 986 01:14:43,841 --> 01:14:47,161 警察なら　もう来てます　私です 987 01:14:47,161 --> 01:14:50,915 ロミオやわ　私の部屋は一階なのよ 988 01:14:50,915 --> 01:14:53,934 何を言うてるんですか気持ちええわ 989 01:14:53,934 --> 01:14:56,503 新藤　お前　何してんねん漆さん 990 01:14:56,503 --> 01:14:59,823 中に　福島友宏と担任の先生が籠城しとるんです 991 01:14:59,823 --> 01:15:02,843 なんで？自分にも分かりません　イタタ… 992 01:15:02,843 --> 01:15:05,162 何をしてんのロミオ　ロミオ 993 01:15:05,162 --> 01:15:07,181 ジュリエットお前か 994 01:15:07,181 --> 01:15:10,000 お前って　どういうこっちゃ福島雪江は？ 995 01:15:10,000 --> 01:15:12,100 火葬場ですどけ 996 01:15:18,492 --> 01:15:21,161 先生　開けてください　警察です 997 01:15:21,161 --> 01:15:24,164 福島友宏君に聞きたいことがあるんです 998 01:15:24,164 --> 01:15:28,502 何でしょうか？　何やったらうちが代わりに聞きます 999 01:15:28,502 --> 01:15:31,822 ≪（漆崎）先生に言うてもしゃあないでしょ 1000 01:15:31,822 --> 01:15:34,842 けど　うちは福島君の担任ですから 1001 01:15:34,842 --> 01:15:38,345 福島への質問はすべて　うちを通してください 1002 01:15:38,345 --> 01:15:40,998 えらい　ごっつい頑固な女やな 1003 01:15:40,998 --> 01:15:43,000 はあ 1004 01:15:43,000 --> 01:15:46,837 ほんなら　友宏君に車の運転をしたことがあるかどうか→ 1005 01:15:46,837 --> 01:15:49,637 聞いてみてもらえませんか？ 1006 01:15:52,826 --> 01:15:55,826 警察にも　ばれとったか 1007 01:16:06,890 --> 01:16:09,190 しゃあないな 1008 01:16:10,177 --> 01:16:13,977 こうなったら　正直に全部話し 1009 01:16:15,182 --> 01:16:18,482 人間　嘘をついたらあかん 1010 01:16:20,170 --> 01:16:22,840 今ここで話さへんかったら 1011 01:16:22,840 --> 01:16:27,161 アンタ　この先の人生ずっと嘘をつき続けることになるんやで 1012 01:16:27,161 --> 01:16:29,179 それでええのか？ 1013 01:16:29,179 --> 01:16:31,479 あかんやろ？ 1014 01:16:35,502 --> 01:16:39,802 もしかしたらつらいことかもしれんけど 1015 01:16:41,158 --> 01:16:43,510 とにかく正直に話すんや 1016 01:16:43,510 --> 01:16:45,810 ええな？ 1017 01:16:46,947 --> 01:17:07,651 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1018 01:19:01,198 --> 01:19:05,185 あの晩　お母ちゃんがここへ帰ってきたんは何時頃や？ 1019 01:19:05,185 --> 01:19:08,185 ９時半か１０時頃と違うか？ 1020 01:19:09,640 --> 01:19:13,193 お母ちゃん帰ってきてから何て言うてた？ 1021 01:19:13,193 --> 01:19:16,880 父ちゃんを殺してしもたとか言うてへんかったか？ 1022 01:19:16,880 --> 01:19:18,880 ヒッ先生 1023 01:19:22,219 --> 01:19:25,873 黙っててもかまへんどっちみち分かることや 1024 01:19:25,873 --> 01:19:28,242 漆さん　一体これ… 1025 01:19:28,242 --> 01:19:31,545 雪江は　この３月にみすず食品の正社員になって 1026 01:19:31,545 --> 01:19:33,845 生命共済に入ったんや 1027 01:19:39,536 --> 01:19:42,539 調べてみたら８００万の共済に入っとった 1028 01:19:42,539 --> 01:19:44,541 ８００万？ 1029 01:19:44,541 --> 01:19:48,841 恐らく　その金目当てで文男が殺しを企んだんや 1030 01:20:01,542 --> 01:20:04,211 （漆崎）ところが　もみ合ううちに 1031 01:20:04,211 --> 01:20:07,531 逆に雪江のほうが文男を殺ってしもうた 1032 01:20:07,531 --> 01:20:09,831 そういうことやな？ 1033 01:20:11,201 --> 01:20:14,872 でも　福島のお母さんにはアリバイがけど　福島雪江にはアリバイが 1034 01:20:14,872 --> 01:20:19,626 そこや　お前　あの晩あっこの大路南建設の駐車場から 1035 01:20:19,626 --> 01:20:23,881 別の軽トラ運転してきて夜中の１１時すぎに　それに乗って 1036 01:20:23,881 --> 01:20:27,181 父ちゃんが出ていったように見せかけたんやろ？ 1037 01:20:28,852 --> 01:20:30,871 福島 1038 01:20:30,871 --> 01:20:33,373 漆さん　なんで　そんなこと 1039 01:20:33,373 --> 01:20:35,525 あの晩　ここいらの人は 1040 01:20:35,525 --> 01:20:38,862 軽トラが出ていくとこは目撃しとるけど 1041 01:20:38,862 --> 01:20:42,862 誰が運転してたかまで見てたもんはおらんもんな 1042 01:20:47,037 --> 01:20:49,039 《アンタ！》 1043 01:20:49,039 --> 01:20:54,039 《お父ちゃん　あかんお金　お金持ってかんといて！》 1044 01:20:56,713 --> 01:21:00,033 ≪（漆崎）ちゃんと見てたんはあのばあさんだけや 1045 01:21:00,033 --> 01:21:05,205 お前が小さすぎて　運転席に誰も乗ってへんように見えたんやろ 1046 01:21:05,205 --> 01:21:07,505 幽霊 1047 01:21:08,525 --> 01:21:10,694 けど　まさか 1048 01:21:10,694 --> 01:21:14,364 小学生が軽トラ運転できるとは思わへんかったさかい 1049 01:21:14,364 --> 01:21:16,867 見事に　だまされたわ 1050 01:21:16,867 --> 01:21:19,853 考えたん誰や　母ちゃんか？ 1051 01:21:19,853 --> 01:21:22,153 お前か？ 1052 01:21:24,207 --> 01:21:26,526 母ちゃんが悪いんやない 1053 01:21:26,526 --> 01:21:28,862 父ちゃんのせいや 1054 01:21:28,862 --> 01:21:31,865 全部　全部　父ちゃんが悪いんや！ 1055 01:21:31,865 --> 01:21:33,865 福島 1056 01:21:36,703 --> 01:21:41,191 あの日　母ちゃんは会社の帰りに 1057 01:21:41,191 --> 01:21:44,211 父ちゃんの軽トラに乗せられて 1058 01:21:44,211 --> 01:21:47,211 大和川に連れてかれたんや 1059 01:22:01,545 --> 01:22:04,345 《お先　お疲れさんでした》 1060 01:22:12,205 --> 01:22:16,193 ≪（福島）言うこと聞かんとまた暴れるから 1061 01:22:16,193 --> 01:22:20,193 仕方なく母ちゃんは一緒に行ったんや 1062 01:22:33,543 --> 01:22:36,797 ≪（福島）話がある言うたくせに→ 1063 01:22:36,797 --> 01:22:39,199 あいつは　いきなり… 1064 01:22:39,199 --> 01:22:41,201 《すまん！》 1065 01:22:41,201 --> 01:22:43,501 《すまんな　雪江》 1066 01:22:48,525 --> 01:22:50,861 《死んでくれ！》 1067 01:22:50,861 --> 01:22:53,461 ≪（福島）ほんで　母ちゃん… 1068 01:23:20,240 --> 01:23:22,540 《死んでくれ！》 1069 01:23:27,264 --> 01:23:30,264 そやから　母ちゃんは… 1070 01:23:55,192 --> 01:23:58,492 逆に母ちゃんが殺ってもうたんやな 1071 01:24:03,200 --> 01:24:06,203 けど　突き飛ばしただけや→ 1072 01:24:06,203 --> 01:24:09,539 そしたら　頭から血出して→ 1073 01:24:09,539 --> 01:24:13,193 動かんようになってしもうたって 1074 01:24:13,193 --> 01:24:16,363 お前　なんではよ警察来えへんのや 1075 01:24:16,363 --> 01:24:20,150 そうや　なんで嘘なんか… 1076 01:24:20,150 --> 01:24:23,036 母ちゃんは自首するって言うた 1077 01:24:23,036 --> 01:24:28,308 けど　俺はそんなん　おかしいと思った 1078 01:24:28,308 --> 01:24:30,861 なんで　あんなやつのために 1079 01:24:30,861 --> 01:24:33,880 母ちゃんが刑務所入らなあかんのや 1080 01:24:33,880 --> 01:24:36,550 あいつが働きもせんで 1081 01:24:36,550 --> 01:24:38,869 借金つくって 1082 01:24:38,869 --> 01:24:41,538 家メチャメチャにして 1083 01:24:41,538 --> 01:24:46,538 せやのになんで母ちゃんが悪者なんや 1084 01:24:47,911 --> 01:24:52,933 あんなやつ　死んで… 1085 01:24:52,933 --> 01:24:55,233 死んで… 1086 01:24:56,970 --> 01:24:59,539 福島 1087 01:24:59,539 --> 01:25:02,839 そやからいうて殺しを隠してええのか 1088 01:25:04,544 --> 01:25:07,547 お前がやったことは立派な犯罪や 1089 01:25:07,547 --> 01:25:10,867 しかも　子供のくせに運転までして 1090 01:25:10,867 --> 01:25:14,167 誰に教わったんや　運転なんか 1091 01:25:18,208 --> 01:25:20,508 お父ちゃんか？ 1092 01:25:22,879 --> 01:25:25,215 たこ焼き屋の手伝いで 1093 01:25:25,215 --> 01:25:27,215 時々　運転してた 1094 01:25:28,201 --> 01:25:31,521 せやから　あっこの会社から 1095 01:25:31,521 --> 01:25:35,775 ウチくらいまでやったら運転できる自信… 1096 01:25:35,775 --> 01:25:38,275 （玄関のドアが開く） 1097 01:25:58,715 --> 01:26:02,536 （福島）母ちゃん　ごめん 1098 01:26:02,536 --> 01:26:05,136 全部　ばれてもうた 1099 01:26:06,206 --> 01:26:08,208 友宏… 1100 01:26:08,208 --> 01:26:10,508 ごめん 1101 01:26:12,862 --> 01:26:15,198 そっか 1102 01:26:15,198 --> 01:26:17,198 しゃあないな 1103 01:26:21,204 --> 01:26:23,540 友宏　ごめんな 1104 01:26:23,540 --> 01:26:27,140 アンタに　こんなことさせてもうて 1105 01:26:31,047 --> 01:26:34,200 こんな父ちゃんと母ちゃんでごめんな→ 1106 01:26:34,200 --> 01:26:38,204 アンタらには何の罪もないのに 1107 01:26:38,204 --> 01:26:42,859 悪いんは　お母ちゃんらやのに… 1108 01:26:42,859 --> 01:26:44,959 ごめんな 1109 01:26:46,863 --> 01:26:49,633 （雪江）友宏　ごめんな 1110 01:26:49,633 --> 01:26:52,633 ごめんな 1111 01:26:54,521 --> 01:26:57,121 （雪江）ごめんな… 1112 01:26:58,525 --> 01:27:01,294 母ちゃん… 1113 01:27:01,294 --> 01:27:03,894 お母ちゃん… 1114 01:27:05,865 --> 01:27:08,201 お母ちゃん… 1115 01:27:08,201 --> 01:27:11,501 （雪江）ごめんな… 1116 01:27:26,536 --> 01:27:30,336 アンタが悪いんとちゃうで　なッ 1117 01:27:40,200 --> 01:27:46,206 先生は　なんで友宏君が軽トラ運転できるって分かったんですか 1118 01:27:46,206 --> 01:27:50,506 そんなもん　アンタ自分で考え　刑事やろ 1119 01:27:53,196 --> 01:27:56,533 さっき　たこ焼き食べたとこ 1120 01:27:56,533 --> 01:28:02,188 あっこで福島君が　お父さんの仕事手伝うてたって聞いたんです 1121 01:28:02,188 --> 01:28:06,192 あんな狭いとこ車が入れたとしても 1122 01:28:06,192 --> 01:28:09,212 子供やなかったら降りられへんやろ 1123 01:28:09,212 --> 01:28:11,512 塀にドアがつっかえて 1124 01:28:13,199 --> 01:28:15,969 …で　分かったんです 1125 01:28:15,969 --> 01:28:18,569 あの子が運転できるって 1126 01:28:19,522 --> 01:28:22,522 よう　そこまで考えつきましたね 1127 01:28:24,894 --> 01:28:29,199 けど　うち何ちゅうことしてしもたんやろ 1128 01:28:29,199 --> 01:28:31,199 えッ？ 1129 01:28:32,202 --> 01:28:34,537 あんとき　うち 1130 01:28:34,537 --> 01:28:38,541 福島君が　お父さんを… 1131 01:28:38,541 --> 01:28:41,311 もしかしたらって 1132 01:28:41,311 --> 01:28:43,411 思てしもたんです 1133 01:28:44,364 --> 01:28:46,464 で　慌てて… 1134 01:28:48,201 --> 01:28:50,453 あの子らに 1135 01:28:50,453 --> 01:28:54,190 友達のこと信用でけへんなんて最低やなって叱っといて 1136 01:28:54,190 --> 01:28:56,790 とっさに自分がそんなこと… 1137 01:28:59,879 --> 01:29:03,199 子供を信じられへんなんて 1138 01:29:03,199 --> 01:29:05,799 教師失格や 1139 01:29:07,871 --> 01:29:10,190 ≪（漆崎）新藤　はよ来んか 1140 01:29:10,190 --> 01:29:13,209 何やってんの　お前すんません　今 1141 01:29:13,209 --> 01:29:15,195 ほな 1142 01:29:15,195 --> 01:29:18,214 えらい　ご迷惑かけていえ 1143 01:29:18,214 --> 01:29:20,366 ああ　先生 1144 01:29:20,366 --> 01:29:25,538 福島君のことは情状酌量の余地ありやと思います 1145 01:29:25,538 --> 01:29:29,859 まだ子供やし　事情が事情ですしなるべく　そのように 1146 01:29:29,859 --> 01:29:31,895 アンタが？ 1147 01:29:31,895 --> 01:29:34,197 はい　いや… 1148 01:29:34,197 --> 01:29:37,884 漆さんに　考えてもらえるように頼んでみます 1149 01:29:37,884 --> 01:29:39,869 おい　はよ来いや！ 1150 01:29:39,869 --> 01:29:41,855 はい 1151 01:29:41,855 --> 01:29:44,207 すんません 1152 01:29:44,207 --> 01:29:46,209 お前は運転や！ 1153 01:29:46,209 --> 01:29:49,509 すんません　運転誰が運転すんのや　あほが 1154 01:29:51,531 --> 01:29:54,131 （パトカーのサイレン） 1155 01:30:03,209 --> 01:30:06,212 しのぶ先生 1156 01:30:06,212 --> 01:30:08,531 教頭先生 1157 01:30:08,531 --> 01:30:11,868 あの子ら　これからどないなるんでしょう？ 1158 01:30:11,868 --> 01:30:13,870 ええ 1159 01:30:13,870 --> 01:30:18,525 福島君と妹両親がこんなことになってしもて 1160 01:30:18,525 --> 01:30:21,528 親戚に預かってもらうか 1161 01:30:21,528 --> 01:30:24,128 児童養護施設を探すか 1162 01:30:25,381 --> 01:30:29,853 いずれにしろ　子供だけで置いておくわけにいきませんから 1163 01:30:29,853 --> 01:30:32,153 我々で考えなくては 1164 01:30:33,206 --> 01:30:35,658 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1165 01:32:14,190 --> 01:32:16,943 あれ？　どこいったんやろ 1166 01:32:16,943 --> 01:32:20,213 今日は　ついてないわ… 1167 01:32:20,213 --> 01:32:22,198 おかえり 1168 01:32:22,198 --> 01:32:24,867 お母ちゃん　なんで鍵… 1169 01:32:24,867 --> 01:32:27,620 うん　合鍵作っといたんや 1170 01:32:27,620 --> 01:32:30,220 こんなこともあろうかと思って 1171 01:32:34,711 --> 01:32:37,046 ていうか　なんでおるん？ 1172 01:32:37,046 --> 01:32:39,532 まさか　またケンカ？ 1173 01:32:39,532 --> 01:32:44,187 だって　ホンマに憎らしいんよホンマに 1174 01:32:44,187 --> 01:32:47,040 さあ　お茶でも入れよか 1175 01:32:47,040 --> 01:32:50,476 ♪♪～これも愛　アーン 1176 01:32:50,476 --> 01:32:53,880 ♪♪～あれも愛　ウー　たぶん愛 1177 01:32:53,880 --> 01:32:56,199 お母ちゃん 1178 01:32:56,199 --> 01:32:59,799 お父ちゃんとケンカしてもええけど 1179 01:33:00,870 --> 01:33:03,470 殺し合いだけは　やめといてや 1180 01:33:07,210 --> 01:33:09,195 漆さん 1181 01:33:09,195 --> 01:33:11,214 ああ 1182 01:33:11,214 --> 01:33:14,867 処分は　どうなるんですかねあの息子 1183 01:33:14,867 --> 01:33:18,538 子供がやったことや罪には問えへんやろ 1184 01:33:18,538 --> 01:33:21,838 児童相談所送りというとこやないか 1185 01:33:22,875 --> 01:33:26,375 あんな父親の子供に生まれたばっかりに 1186 01:33:27,864 --> 01:33:31,851 金は人を狂わすっちゅうことやな 1187 01:33:31,851 --> 01:33:34,151 ３００万か 1188 01:33:35,204 --> 01:33:38,541 捜査終わったら返したらなあかんな 1189 01:33:38,541 --> 01:33:41,527 大事にしとったようやから 1190 01:33:41,527 --> 01:33:45,527 これ　たぶん親父が書いたんやろ 1191 01:34:22,368 --> 01:34:24,537 あかん… 1192 01:34:24,537 --> 01:34:26,873 あかん… 1193 01:34:26,873 --> 01:34:29,873 もう食べられへん… 1194 01:34:32,695 --> 01:34:35,031 ほな 1195 01:34:35,031 --> 01:34:37,131 ちょっとだけ～ 1196 01:34:41,704 --> 01:34:44,207 さよなら 1197 01:34:44,207 --> 01:34:48,861 しのぶ先生あなた　何か企んでますね？ 1198 01:34:48,861 --> 01:34:52,281 えッ　なんで分かりますの？ 1199 01:34:52,281 --> 01:34:56,581 君は子供の頃から　張り切ると鼻の穴が膨らみますから 1200 01:35:00,189 --> 01:35:02,289 で　何です？ 1201 01:35:03,543 --> 01:35:05,878 はい 1202 01:35:05,878 --> 01:35:09,532 あの　福島兄妹のことなんですが 1203 01:35:09,532 --> 01:35:11,534 はい 1204 01:35:11,534 --> 01:35:14,537 福島のことはうちに任せといてください 1205 01:35:14,537 --> 01:35:18,307 あの兄妹は　うちが面倒見ますはッ？ 1206 01:35:18,307 --> 01:35:21,861 夜は　うちとこのアパート泊まらせたらええ 1207 01:35:21,861 --> 01:35:24,197 お風呂は畑中んちの銭湯 1208 01:35:24,197 --> 01:35:27,533 食事は原田んとこを筆頭に商店街の人らが 1209 01:35:27,533 --> 01:35:31,971 持ち回りで作ってくれる約束取りつけてきました 1210 01:35:31,971 --> 01:35:34,190 いつの間に 1211 01:35:34,190 --> 01:35:38,194 先生　この町であの子ら育てましょう 1212 01:35:38,194 --> 01:35:41,864 常勤講師は無責任でええわね 1213 01:35:41,864 --> 01:35:44,867 一時の感情でそんな勝手なこと言うて 1214 01:35:44,867 --> 01:35:48,855 きちんと養護施設入れてあげることが一番やと思いますけど 1215 01:35:48,855 --> 01:35:52,859 この町から離れさすなんてそんな寂しいこと言わんと 1216 01:35:52,859 --> 01:35:56,229 みんなで福島のお母ちゃん戻ってくるまで 1217 01:35:56,229 --> 01:35:58,231 面倒見ましょう 1218 01:35:58,231 --> 01:36:00,550 なあ　先生 1219 01:36:00,550 --> 01:36:03,850 なッ？う～ん… 1220 01:36:13,029 --> 01:36:16,065 まあ　しのぶがそこまで言うんやったら 1221 01:36:16,065 --> 01:36:19,202 俺らも何か福島のためにできること考えようや 1222 01:36:19,202 --> 01:36:21,871 福島君のために？何をすんねん 1223 01:36:21,871 --> 01:36:24,971 実はな　これ見てみ 1224 01:36:27,260 --> 01:36:29,312 ジャーン 1225 01:36:29,312 --> 01:36:31,197 おお～やば～ 1226 01:36:31,197 --> 01:36:33,216 かっこええ 1227 01:36:33,216 --> 01:36:36,216 今日は　浪花少年探偵団の結成式や 1228 01:36:38,037 --> 01:36:40,206 これが　探偵手帳 1229 01:36:40,206 --> 01:36:42,208 （一同）おお～ 1230 01:36:42,208 --> 01:36:45,194 少年探偵団は地球の平和を守るんや 1231 01:36:45,194 --> 01:36:47,196 オー！ 1232 01:36:47,196 --> 01:36:49,198 これが鉄平 1233 01:36:49,198 --> 01:36:52,084 サンキュー　本物みたいじゃん 1234 01:36:52,084 --> 01:36:54,584 で　畑中 1235 01:36:55,605 --> 01:36:57,890 おお～　すっげえ 1236 01:36:57,890 --> 01:37:01,194 で　最後が俺 1237 01:37:01,194 --> 01:37:03,379 えッ　俺のは？ 1238 01:37:03,379 --> 01:37:06,866 ごめんやけど　年齢制限があるからお前は補欠や 1239 01:37:06,866 --> 01:37:08,868 ええ～ 1240 01:37:08,868 --> 01:37:11,871 それでは第一回　作戦会議を始めます→ 1241 01:37:11,871 --> 01:37:15,241 まず浪花少年探偵団第一のミッションは 1242 01:37:15,241 --> 01:37:17,841 福島友宏を救え！ 1243 01:37:19,028 --> 01:37:21,864 ＜ホンマに　いけずな探偵団や＞ 1244 01:37:21,864 --> 01:37:25,364 ＜議題の「議」　くらい漢字で書けや兄ちゃん＞ 1245 01:37:26,869 --> 01:37:28,854 修 1246 01:37:28,854 --> 01:37:31,374 補欠やねんから 1247 01:37:31,374 --> 01:37:35,474 ＜そやのに僕は作戦には参加させられました＞ 1248 01:37:37,363 --> 01:37:39,463 ほな開けるよ 1249 01:37:45,204 --> 01:37:47,940 お待たせしました～ 1250 01:37:47,940 --> 01:37:50,209 郁夫で～す修で～す 1251 01:37:50,209 --> 01:37:53,209 二人合わして「はらだはらだ」です 1252 01:37:55,214 --> 01:37:58,200 今日は何というか　お日柄もよく 1253 01:37:58,200 --> 01:38:01,187 お彼岸？それは　おはぎや 1254 01:38:01,187 --> 01:38:03,856 せやなくて　「おひがら」 1255 01:38:03,856 --> 01:38:06,156 あしがら？それ　金太郎や 1256 01:38:07,209 --> 01:38:09,195 くっだらん 1257 01:38:09,195 --> 01:38:13,199 今日　集まってもらったのは福島っておりますやろ？ 1258 01:38:13,199 --> 01:38:15,868 あの　何ちゅうか… いけずな男 1259 01:38:15,868 --> 01:38:18,371 こう言うたら何やけど　妹も 1260 01:38:18,371 --> 01:38:21,524 悪口言うてどないすんのせやなくて 1261 01:38:21,524 --> 01:38:25,878 あの笑えへん男を　今日は何とか笑かそうっちゅうことで 1262 01:38:25,878 --> 01:38:28,864 この会場へサプライズご招待や→ 1263 01:38:28,864 --> 01:38:30,866 ほな呼ぼうかはい 1264 01:38:30,866 --> 01:38:32,885 せ～の 1265 01:38:32,885 --> 01:38:35,855 （一同）しのぶセンセ～→ 1266 01:38:35,855 --> 01:38:38,855 福島～ 1267 01:38:40,543 --> 01:38:42,895 少々お待ちを 1268 01:38:42,895 --> 01:38:45,197 あれ？ 1269 01:38:45,197 --> 01:38:47,497 先生？ 1270 01:38:58,544 --> 01:39:00,529 あれ　福島は？ 1271 01:39:00,529 --> 01:39:03,866 ≪（畑中）先生が連れてくる約束やったやんか 1272 01:39:03,866 --> 01:39:05,868 ごめんな 1273 01:39:05,868 --> 01:39:10,468 今日は　みんなに知らせなければならないことがあります 1274 01:39:11,657 --> 01:39:16,195 福島君は　家庭の事情で転校することになりました 1275 01:39:16,195 --> 01:39:18,214 えッ？ 1276 01:39:18,214 --> 01:39:21,867 ≪（生徒Ａ）なんで？ ≪（Ｂ）もう来うへんの？ 1277 01:39:21,867 --> 01:39:25,871 ちょっと遠くの養護施設に入ることになってな 1278 01:39:25,871 --> 01:39:28,371 せっかく準備したのに 1279 01:39:29,358 --> 01:39:32,862 そやな　ごめんな 1280 01:39:32,862 --> 01:39:35,531 でも　福島も言うとった 1281 01:39:35,531 --> 01:39:37,831 みんなによろしくって 1282 01:39:38,868 --> 01:39:49,662 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1283 01:41:21,170 --> 01:41:26,008 福島君のことは　ありきたりな言い方になってしまいますが 1284 01:41:26,008 --> 01:41:29,161 これでよかったんじゃないでしょうか 1285 01:41:29,161 --> 01:41:31,847 サクラソウください 1286 01:41:31,847 --> 01:41:34,447 そうですかねえ 1287 01:41:35,601 --> 01:41:39,901 養護施設に入ることが悪いこととは　私は思いません 1288 01:41:42,491 --> 01:41:46,829 理想と現実　色々あるのが教師です 1289 01:41:46,829 --> 01:41:49,265 はい 1290 01:41:49,265 --> 01:41:52,501 理想を持たねばやっていけませんが 1291 01:41:52,501 --> 01:41:56,172 現実を踏まえなければいつか無理がくる 1292 01:41:56,172 --> 01:41:59,492 生徒との関係は無理をしてはいけません 1293 01:41:59,492 --> 01:42:02,511 別に無理をしたとは思ってませんけど 1294 01:42:02,511 --> 01:42:04,847 あなたには無理でなくとも 1295 01:42:04,847 --> 01:42:08,167 他の人にとっては無理ということがあるんです 1296 01:42:08,167 --> 01:42:10,169 君みたいなパワーが 1297 01:42:10,169 --> 01:42:13,506 世の中の人全員にあると思ったら大間違いです 1298 01:42:13,506 --> 01:42:15,841 はい 1299 01:42:15,841 --> 01:42:20,162 でも　まあ一生懸命なことは　いいことです 1300 01:42:20,162 --> 01:42:23,762 そういう先生もいないとつまりませんからね 1301 01:42:25,167 --> 01:42:27,937 ねえ　教頭先生はい 1302 01:42:27,937 --> 01:42:31,490 うち　けなされてんのか褒められてんのか 1303 01:42:31,490 --> 01:42:34,090 よう分からんのですけど 1304 01:42:36,495 --> 01:42:38,795 両方です 1305 01:42:40,182 --> 01:42:42,835 人間　いいところもあれば 1306 01:42:42,835 --> 01:42:44,837 悪いところもある 1307 01:42:44,837 --> 01:42:48,340 悪いところもあれば　いいところも 1308 01:42:48,340 --> 01:42:51,510 ＜悪いところもあればええところもある＞ 1309 01:42:51,510 --> 01:42:53,996 ＜そう教頭先生は言うけど＞ 1310 01:42:53,996 --> 01:42:56,096 ＜ホンマやろか？＞ 1311 01:43:00,502 --> 01:43:04,156 ＜福島君んちのことはごっつい事件やったけど＞ 1312 01:43:04,156 --> 01:43:06,508 ＜誰が一番悪かったのか＞ 1313 01:43:06,508 --> 01:43:09,808 ＜いまだに僕には　よう分かりません＞ 1314 01:43:11,330 --> 01:43:13,830 （歓声） 1315 01:43:15,851 --> 01:43:18,153 原田　打てや！ 1316 01:43:18,153 --> 01:43:20,823 おう　任しとき 1317 01:43:20,823 --> 01:43:23,842 かっとばせ～　原田！ 1318 01:43:23,842 --> 01:43:26,842 かっとばせ～　原田！ 1319 01:43:27,846 --> 01:43:30,182 （歓声） 1320 01:43:30,182 --> 01:43:32,835 ≪（審判）アウト！ 1321 01:43:32,835 --> 01:43:35,821 ＜だって　福島君んちのお母さんは＞ 1322 01:43:35,821 --> 01:43:38,824 ＜いつも僕らにメッチャ優しかったし＞ 1323 01:43:38,824 --> 01:43:41,327 《こんにちは》《こんにちは》 1324 01:43:41,327 --> 01:43:43,829 《最初はグー　イーチャンホイ》 1325 01:43:43,829 --> 01:43:48,129 《（福島親子が歌を歌っている）》 1326 01:43:50,819 --> 01:43:53,489 ＜お父さんかって　ウチに来て＞ 1327 01:43:53,489 --> 01:43:56,842 ＜楽しそうに　ウチのお父ちゃんと話してたこともあった＞ 1328 01:43:56,842 --> 01:43:58,861 《父ちゃ～ん》 1329 01:43:58,861 --> 01:44:00,861 《何や？》 1330 01:44:01,880 --> 01:44:04,180 《仕事》 1331 01:44:05,167 --> 01:44:07,936 《はい》《毎度おおきに》 1332 01:44:07,936 --> 01:44:10,236 《これ入れとくわな》 1333 01:44:15,511 --> 01:44:19,164 ＜たこ焼きもメッチャおいしかったし＞ 1334 01:44:19,164 --> 01:44:23,164 《いいぞ　いいぞオーライ　オーライ　ストップ》 1335 01:44:26,171 --> 01:44:30,159 ＜せやのに　なんでこんなことが起こるんや＞ 1336 01:44:30,159 --> 01:44:32,845 ＜大人の世界は　よう分からん＞ 1337 01:44:32,845 --> 01:44:35,331 何やってんのや　田中！ 1338 01:44:35,331 --> 01:44:39,668 ＜いつか大人になったら僕も分かるように…　うん？＞ 1339 01:44:39,668 --> 01:44:41,768 ＜うん？＞ 1340 01:44:55,834 --> 01:44:58,134 ＜福島君や！＞ 1341 01:45:05,828 --> 01:45:11,166 先生　俺やっぱり大路小学校に通うことにした 1342 01:45:11,166 --> 01:45:13,502 なんで？ 1343 01:45:13,502 --> 01:45:17,673 なんでって転校する理由が見つからん 1344 01:45:17,673 --> 01:45:20,492 施設からは　ちょっと遠いけど 1345 01:45:20,492 --> 01:45:23,495 電車で通えば済むことやうん 1346 01:45:23,495 --> 01:45:26,165 そうか 1347 01:45:26,165 --> 01:45:28,500 それも　そやな 1348 01:45:28,500 --> 01:45:30,836 なんも転校せんでもな 1349 01:45:30,836 --> 01:45:33,136 そやな 1350 01:45:35,157 --> 01:45:37,192 福島！ 1351 01:45:37,192 --> 01:45:39,511 セカンド 1352 01:45:39,511 --> 01:45:42,811 お前がおらんでどうしようか思とってん 1353 01:46:07,890 --> 01:46:10,893 さあ　声出していこや！ 1354 01:46:10,893 --> 01:46:13,193 オー！ 1355 01:46:15,998 --> 01:46:18,000 ボール 1356 01:46:18,000 --> 01:46:21,003 原田　何やってんねん！ 1357 01:46:21,003 --> 01:46:24,006 もう見てられん　うちが投げたる 1358 01:46:24,006 --> 01:46:25,991 えッ？ 1359 01:46:25,991 --> 01:46:29,161 頑張れ頑張れ　辻元頑張れ頑張れ　辻元！→ 1360 01:46:29,161 --> 01:46:31,461 頑張れ頑張れ　辻元！ 1361 01:46:33,849 --> 01:46:35,849 （審判）ストライク！ 1362 01:46:44,843 --> 01:46:48,497 ＜この先生はええ先生なんやろか？＞ 1363 01:46:48,497 --> 01:46:50,883 ＜それとも…＞ 1364 01:46:50,883 --> 01:46:52,935 （審判）ストライク！ 1365 01:46:52,935 --> 01:46:56,505 キャッチャー　腰引けとるでちゃんと正面でとらんかい！ 1366 01:46:56,505 --> 01:47:00,559 はい… こんなことでビビッてるんやない 1367 01:47:00,559 --> 01:47:02,559 はい！ 1368 01:47:05,848 --> 01:47:08,500 うちは大路の　しのぶやで 1369 01:47:08,500 --> 01:47:11,300 なめとったら承知せえへんで！ 1370 01:47:15,274 --> 01:47:19,178 （審判）ストライク　バッターアウトよっしゃ～ 1371 01:47:19,178 --> 01:47:21,914 １アウト　１アウト 1372 01:47:21,914 --> 01:47:24,933 ≪（漆崎）えらい　ごっつい女やな 1373 01:47:24,933 --> 01:47:26,835 かっこええ 1374 01:47:26,835 --> 01:47:28,837 えッ　何やて？ 1375 01:47:28,837 --> 01:47:31,590 えッ　俺　今何か言いました？ 1376 01:47:31,590 --> 01:47:34,590 言うてたがな　ため息交じりに 1377 01:47:36,178 --> 01:47:38,180 ああ～　あかん 1378 01:47:38,180 --> 01:47:41,183 漆さん　漆さん　どないしましょ何やの 1379 01:47:41,183 --> 01:47:43,168 おかしいな　俺あの… 離せ 1380 01:47:43,168 --> 01:47:46,188 気が強い女は苦手なはずやったのに 1381 01:47:46,188 --> 01:47:48,824 えッ　どないしたん　お前 1382 01:47:48,824 --> 01:47:50,993 いや… 1383 01:47:50,993 --> 01:47:53,328 あの人は… 1384 01:47:53,328 --> 01:47:55,497 女神に見える 1385 01:47:55,497 --> 01:47:57,499 ≪（漆崎）えッ？ 1386 01:47:57,499 --> 01:48:00,799 ≪（審判）バッターアウト！よっしゃ！ 1387 01:48:02,671 --> 01:48:04,940 イエーイ 1388 01:48:04,940 --> 01:48:07,240 行くで 1389 01:48:11,513 --> 01:48:13,832 （本間）素敵だ 1390 01:48:13,832 --> 01:48:17,169 ＜ここでも　また僕には理解でけへんことが＞ 1391 01:48:17,169 --> 01:48:19,469 ＜起こってたようです＞ 1392 01:48:40,008 --> 01:48:43,262 （若本）さっきのカーブでは… 1393 01:48:43,262 --> 01:48:45,163 あッ 1394 01:48:45,163 --> 01:48:47,182 （ブレーキを踏む） 1395 01:48:47,182 --> 01:48:49,167 何をよそ見しとんのや 1396 01:48:49,167 --> 01:48:52,167 前出してもう一回切り返して 1397 01:48:53,939 --> 01:48:56,158 切り返して　くださいね 1398 01:48:56,158 --> 01:48:59,494 もう一度最初からやってみましょうか 1399 01:48:59,494 --> 01:49:01,830 ＜そして　またまた＞ 1400 01:49:01,830 --> 01:49:04,182 ＜今度は　ごっついことが＞ 1401 01:49:04,182 --> 01:49:07,169 ＜ウチのお母ちゃんに襲いかかるんやけど＞ 1402 01:49:07,169 --> 01:49:10,155 ＜それは　また来週っちゅうことで＞ 1403 01:49:10,155 --> 01:49:12,841 …注意してやってみましょうはい 1404 01:49:12,841 --> 01:49:15,841 （若本）もう少しですから頑張りましょう 1405 01:49:27,205 --> 01:49:29,805 すごいな　福島 1406 01:49:30,842 --> 01:50:00,656	2023-09-01T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/9444
An Oldham County bus driver was arrested Friday afternoon on suspicion of operating a bus under the influence with children on board.An investigation revealed Lesley Harvey is accused of striking several security poles at the entrance of a subdivision on her bus route with 33 students on board. Harvey reported to her supervisor that she had struck something, but there was no damage and she was continuing on her route. No students were injured in the collision. The Oldham County Police Department was then notified by the Oldham County Board of education that one of their bus drivers had been involved in an accident and alcohol was suspected.Officials said Harvey admitted she had been drinking and that she was having a rough month. Oldham County Schools require a breath sample after each accident. Harvey blew .115 on her first Breathlyzer test and .107 on her second test, according to an arrest citation.Harvey was taken to the Oldham County jail where a sample of her breath was taken and the results were .13.Harvey was charged with operating a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol, failure to report a traffic accident, endangering the welfare of a minor and leaving scene of an accident.She's being held on a $5,000 bail. An Oldham County bus driver was arrested Friday afternoon on suspicion of operating a bus under the influence with children on board. An investigation revealed Lesley Harvey is accused of striking several security poles at the entrance of a subdivision on her bus route with 33 students on board. Harvey reported to her supervisor that she had struck something, but there was no damage and she was continuing on her route. No students were injured in the collision. Advertisement Related Content Oldham County bus driver accused of driving bus impaired during her route to appear in court The Oldham County Police Department was then notified by the Oldham County Board of education that one of their bus drivers had been involved in an accident and alcohol was suspected. Officials said Harvey admitted she had been drinking and that she was having a rough month. Oldham County Schools require a breath sample after each accident. Harvey blew .115 on her first Breathlyzer test and .107 on her second test, according to an arrest citation. Harvey was taken to the Oldham County jail where a sample of her breath was taken and the results were .13. Harvey was charged with operating a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol, failure to report a traffic accident, endangering the welfare of a minor and leaving scene of an accident. She's being held on a $5,000 bail.	2024-07-01T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/3783
Forecasters also warned that another storm system was expected in the Chicago area Wednesday night and Thursday morning, although meteorologists said it was too early to say how much snow may fall and which areas should expect the greatest accumulation. One social media post suggested the rate of snowfall Wednesday into Thursday could reach half-an-inch per hour. The thickest snowfall was expected at night Wednesday. A large part of the Chicago area, including all of Cook, DuPage and Kendall counties, as well as much of Will, Lake and Kane counties, according to the weather service.	2023-10-10T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/1405
No radiation protection reasons for restrictions on 14C urea breath tests in children. Traditional (14)C urea breath tests are normally not used for younger children because the radiation exposure is unknown. High sensitivity accelerator mass spectrometry and an ultra-low amount (440 Bq) of (14)C urea were therefore used both to diagnose Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in seven children, aged 3-6 years, and to make radiation dose estimates. The activity used was 125 times lower than the amount normally used for older children and 250 times lower than that used for adults. Results were compared with previously reported biokinetic and dosimetric data for adults and older children aged 7-14 years. (14)C activity concentrations in urine and exhaled air per unit administered activity for younger children (3-6 years) correspond well with those for older children (7-14 years). For a child aged 3-6 years who is HP negative, the urinary bladder wall receives the highest absorbed dose, 0.3 mGy MBq(-1). The effective dose is 0.1 mSv MBq(-1) for the 3-year-old child and 0.07 mSv MBq(-1) for the 6-year-old child. For two children, the 10 min and 20 min post-(14)C administration samples of exhaled air showed a significantly higher amount of (14)C activity than for the rest of the children, that is 6% and 19% of administered activity exhaled per hour compared with 0.3-0.9% (mean 0.5%) of administered activity exhaled per hour indicating that these two children that is were HP positive. For a 3-year-old HP positive child, absorbed dose to the urinary bladder wall was 0.3 mGy MBq(-1) and effective dose per unit of administered activity was 0.4 mSv MBq(-1). Using 55 kBq, which is a normal amount for older children when liquid scintillation counters are used for measurement, the effective dose will be approximately 6 micro Sv to a 3-year-old HP negative child and 20 microSv to a HP positive child. Thus there is no reason for restrictions on performing a normal (14)C urea breath test, even on young children.	2023-09-21T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/2006
The COVID-19 crisis has exposed the fragility of the global economy. While industries like food service and retail are slowly digging out from under the rubble of the pandemic’s destruction, other staples of the modern digital world — global communications networks, healthcare and emergency services, and software applications — experienced something of a wake-up call about preparedness for future disasters. The good news that emerged from this unprecedented moment is that the data centers which provide the underlying infrastructure powering those industries remained largely unaffected by the pandemic. Those facilities are relatively sparsely populated compared with traditional workplaces like offices, hospitals, and bars or restaurants. But what happens when data centers aren’t so lucky to be spared and are directly affected by other disasters like earthquakes, solar flares, or electromagnetic terrorist attacks that could impact the very foundation of a data center’s operations: power? In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, it’s clear that data centers which prioritize protecting the power supply and transmission are best positioned to keep their facilities and businesses online during the next unforeseen, unpredictable disaster. Here are some ideas on how to accomplish this. Addressing the power struggle Studies estimate that data centers use up to 50 times the energy per floor space as commercial office buildings and collectively account for about 1% of the world’s total energy consumption. Power is the foundation of everything a data center is and does. Yet, despite extensive efforts to protect the power supply against normal-scale interruptions —hordes of standby generators, networks of diesel and backup fuel delivery services, and other well-established contingency plans — a generational catastrophe can overwhelm those measures, severely impact a data center’s ability to operate, and in more severe cases jeopardize its viability as an asset altogether. Most data center business continuity/disaster recovery (BC/DR) strategies are designed around having geographically disparate facilities to minimize the impact of one center going offline for minutes or longer. However, those plans still operate on the premise that the public power grid and roads/ports/fuel delivery networks will still be intact following a catastrophic event — a potentially dangerous assumption about unknown and unforeseeable threats. Instead, BC/DR plans should incorporate strategies for diversifying both the sources and the distribution of power to eliminate reliance on public grids and hedge against the greatest threat to a data center’s operations. Mix and match for greater resilience and reliability One of the more promising, though least developed approaches to preparing for the next big event is investing in microgrids to shrink the power footprint and improve resilience. Microgrids are self-sufficient energy systems that serve discrete, small-scale geographic areas around college campuses, hospitals, corporate parks, and even data center campuses. Microgrids can help eliminate reliance on a single utility provider and enable on-site power production from a variety of energy sources, the excess of which can be sold back to the public grid to offset some costs and help reduce the energy load. While microgrids slowly gain mainstream adoption as power fail-safes, they can take years to build and won’t provide protection against disasters in the interim. Meanwhile, diversifying power sources is an actionable preventative step data center and business leaders can take right now. This approach provides data center operators the flexibility and agility to stabilize their power supplies, irrespective of what’s happening beyond the building’s four walls. Ideally, the multi-source energy mix would consist of: Renewable energy Renewable energy sources like solar, wind, geothermal, and hydroelectric are generally resilient and reliable sources of power, particularly when integrated into microgrids. By 2025, surveys estimate that solar and wind combined will deliver up to 15% of data centers’ power in the US, driven, in part by Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) intended to accelerate new development of grid-scale renewable energy sources. Energy storage In addition to renewable energy, large-scale energy storage is an essential element to data centers’ surviving a cataclysmic event. Fuel cell technologies that use hydrogen or natural gas as a fuel source can be used as a means of delivering power on-demand, separately from the electrical utility grid in case of an interruption. At the same time, lithium ion batteries (li-ion) hold the key to unlocking intermittent sustainable energy sources such as wind and solar, as the batteries provide stored energy to run things when the wind stops blowing and the sun stops shining. Li-ion batteries are significantly lighter, faster, and longer-lasting than conventional VRLA batteries, making them an ideal option for data centers looking to deliver more reliable, efficient, and consistent power in a smaller footprint. Traditional public grid Despite its potential vulnerabilities in a Black Swan event, the public power grid is still the most easily accessible, affordable, and scalable power solution available for data center operators. Efforts are underway to significantly enhance the public grid’s resilience on a national scale. The data center’s role in protecting against the next big event The data center is the heart and soul of digitally transformed industries and organizations and will continue playing a pivotal role in protecting enterprises and governments against future Black Swan events. Business leaders looking to bolster their disaster recovery strategies should also re-evaluate which data center providers they partner with to house their core operations. It’s imperative that they choose a data center provider with locations in strategically advantageous markets that enable failover redundancy across geographically diverse locations or zones and that are close to diverse power supply options. They should consider data center partners with available powered shell inventory and some flexibility for integrating various fuel sources provided by the data center’s third-party partners who can provide and install batteries, fuel cells, and other sources of power. The silver lining of a generational crisis is that the COVID-19 pandemic has awakened many IT and business leaders up to the possibility of future widespread events that could significantly impact their operations, while also appreciating the enormous benefits of being able to swiftly leverage robust IT infrastructures to continue operating during the next “new-normal”, whatever that may be. Despite dodging a proverbial bullet this time, data centers at the heart of those businesses need to shore up fundamental services like power to keep the world up and running no matter what’s happening outside the walls because next time they might not be so lucky. Author Bio: Donough Roche is SVP of Engineering and Client Services at STACK INFRASTRUCTURE	2024-05-12T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/8709
Jul, 2017 How to Choose Retirement - It decreases the entire sum of tax to be paid. These accounts include minimal maintenance fees. In fact, all you’ve got to do is discover an experienced custodian and sign the paperwork. The tax rules for these kinds of accounts are somewhat more complex sometimes, but overall they’re nearly the exact same as the standard sorts. Given the absence of protection and very low rates of interest, using banks to raise your IRA account isn’t a wise way to increase your retirement account. Conventional accounts allow for the large flexibility. New Step by Step Roadmap for Retirement There are many names and terms employed for 401k retirement planning scheme. The best way to compose a retirement letter isn’t difficult when you have all of the information that you require. As each plan provides certain benefits and disadvantages, talk to a retirement plans expert prior to making a decision. The smartest move for a bright investor would be to make the most of the scenario. You should seek out the recommendations of an experienced professional prior to making any modifications to your personal financial profile. Most often, this type of investments need quick decision making on the section of the investor. Things You Should Know About Retirement It’s your responsibility to determine what your objectives are and how you’re likely to achieve them.” Possessing a 401k plan is a significant means to put money into your future. Bear in mind, if you’ve hit or are over 40, you really have to start considering your retirement years. The thing to do is to make as much money which you don’t need to work after age twenty-seven. There are many other intriguing techniques to devote your time. If you opt to retire early, you’ll have several years before you are qualified for Medicare. You have to have the ability to spend at least that much on your own healthcare now to make the most of an HSA. Flexible benefits permit employees the chance to collect their own benefit package by picking those benefits that most meet their personal needs. Companies can also seek the services of an outside service to deal with the custodial duties. Other companies which are tax exempt or private may provide a 401k plan, so long as qualifications are satisfied. They offer a 401k match. Retirement Help! It’s all-important to get started preparing for your retirement the moment you get your very first work. A new journey at this point you get to undertake this road of life we each will gradually get. To retire is the start of death. Doing your calculations beforehand will say how much you desire to save. Asset allocation ought to be a key concern as this is how you opt to spread your money among different investments. Regardless of the worldwide uncertainty, investment is always likely to remain the optimal/optimally policy for money throughout retirement. Even though it’s been easy to earn money investing in 401k plans in the last few years, this is sometimes not the instance. Stock funds are the ideal investment choices for growth and greater investment returns over the long run. The New Angle On Retirement Just Released In summary, retirement presents for men are simple to find and there’s a big selection of them according to our financial capabilities, but in addition our creativity. It is possible to find an abundance of retirement planning advice on this site. Retirement plans are unique to every individual and there’s no one-size-fits all way of choosing and planning for this. Even when you are flat broke, it is possible that you earn money online. There is a lot of totally free information regarding the world wide web, and therefore don’t run out and purchase a book. As you read these suggestions, think of how they are relevant to your life. The Death of Retirement You now options that didn’t exist a couple of years ago. This changes on a yearly basis and because of this, you need to be sure to look at this every year. In case you’re in a place to wait quite a few years to commence retirement, it can greatly improve the payments you get. The truth is that even just a 401k loan is better than a 401k withdrawal in regards to all the advantages and disadvantages of it. If you are unable to earn money, it’s a loss. The borrowed money includes reasonable rate of interest and you’re actually paying interest to yourself. Planning for retirement means making sure you will have sufficient income to reside on comfortably if you decide to quit earning your own living. It, it seems, is the final fling. it is like a long vacation in Las Vegas. Money can likewise be transferred and held in the account till you receive a better retirement program. Before this you won’t be asked to pay taxes. Our ultimate aim is extensible programming (EP). You can occasionally save time and money by ordering from an internet trophy shop. It is wise to discover another means to fund your buy. Check out-	2023-09-21T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5301
Commissioners make efforts to save dogs 10:36 AM, Jun. 28, 2013 Rabolt Written by Roxanna Swift The county commissioners hope to lower the euthanasia rate in the county. The commissioners June 12 approved a request to advertise for proposals for a K-9 designee for Clermont County. The representative will act as an agent to find placement for unlicensed and stray dogs scheduled for euthanization. The role was created as one of two provisions recently added to the county's contract with the Clermont County Humane Society. Dogs are euthanized only if they are injured or aggressive, or if the humane society is out of space, said Karen Turpin, president of the humane society's board of ...	2024-05-30T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/1472
Neck pain in a sample of Greek urban population (fifteen to sixty-five years): analysis according to personal and socioeconomic characteristics. A cross-sectional study of neck pain and its related aspects in a sample of Greek urban population (15-65 years). To estimate the prevalence of neck pain in a Greek urban population (15-65 years) and to study the association of neck pain with several socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. The results of several prevalence studies carried out in different populations indicate a high frequency of neck pain in the general population. Socioeconomic and demographic factors are likely to influence neck pain frequency and neck pain-associated burden. A 1000-person sample of the general Greek population (15-65 years) living in the Greek capital and other urban centers of the country was selected by multiple-stage sampling, with definition of sample quotas based on demographic characteristics. Data on neck pain and its related aspects, including healthcare utilization, as well as demographic, socioeconomic, and employment data, were collected through personal interviews. Of the 204 individuals who reported neck pain during the last month, 35 (17.2%) consulted a physician, 72 (35.3%) received medication, and 15 (7.4%) stayed in bed for some time, during this period and because of neck pain. The mean duration of pain for individuals who reported neck pain during the last month was 12 days. A total of 8.6% of working individuals who experienced neck pain during the last month reported work absenteeism due to this pain, during this period; the mean duration of absence was 4.6 days. Neck pain frequency was related to several sociodemographic factors. Female sex, increased age, and being married showed a statistically significant association with the presence of neck pain. The present results indicate that neck pain is a common symptom in the studied Greek urban population. Nevertheless, relatively few individuals seek medical advice for this symptom. Neck pain frequency is associated with age, sex, and marital status.	2024-03-04T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5277
"I'm like a lot of my friends right now; I have a hard time watching the news," Clinton told an Irish women's group. But she urged a divided country to work together to solve problems, recalling how – as first lady – she met with female leaders working to bring peace to Northern Ireland. Hillary Clinton says she's 'ready to come out of the woods', encouraging communication across political divides. Photo: Bloomberg Advertisement "I do not believe that we can let political divides harden into personal divides," she said. "And we can't just ignore or turn a cold shoulder to someone because they disagree with us politically." Friday night's speech was one of several she is to deliver in the coming months, including a May 26 commencement address at Wellesley College in Massachusetts, her alma mater. The Democrat is also working on a book of personal essays that will include some reflections on her loss to Donald Trump. Clinton, who was spotted taking a walk in the woods around her hometown of Chappaqua, New York, two days after losing the election to Donald Trump, quipped she had wanted to stay in the woods "but you can only do so much of that". Hillary Clinton, left, and former U.S. President Bill Clinton arrive during the 58th presidential inauguration on January 20. Photo: Bloomberg She told the Society of Irish Women it will be up to citizens, not a deeply polarised Washington, to bridge the political divide. "I am ready to come out of the woods and to help shine a light on what is already happening around kitchen tables, at dinners like this, to help draw strength that will enable everybody to keep going," said Clinton. Hillary Clinton has urged a divided country to work together to solve its problems. Photo: Instagram Clinton was received warmly in Scranton, where her grandfather worked in a lace mill. Her father left Scranton for Chicago in search of work during the Great Depression but returned often. She spent summers at the family's cottage on nearby Lake Winola. Clinton fondly recalled watching movies stretched across a bedsheet in a neighbour's yard and told of how the cottage had a toilet but no shower or tub.	2024-01-16T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/3028
Prognostic value of N-terminal pro C-type natriuretic peptide in heart failure patients with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. A-type and B-type natriuretic peptides are established markers in chronic heart failure (HF). C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) belongs to the same peptide family, but is predominantly localized in the endothelium. The prognostic role of CNP in heart failure has not been established. The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic power and clinical correlates of the N-terminal part of pro CNP (NT-proCNP) in patients with chronic HF. In 567 hospitalized heart failure patients, NT-proCNP levels were measured at hospital discharge. The primary endpoint was a combined endpoint of all-cause mortality and HF hospitalization after 18 months. Heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) was pre-defined as an LVEF >40%. Mean (±SD) age was 71 ± 11 years, 62% were male, mean LVEF was 32 ± 14%, and 23% had HFpEF. In multivariate linear regression, NT-proCNP levels showed a positive correlation with NT-proBNP levels and parameters of renal function, whereas a negative correlation with female sex and vascular endothelial growth factor was observed. After 18 months follow-up, 240 patients reached the combined endpoint. We observed interaction between NT-proCNP and LVEF for outcome (P = 0.046). Multivariate analyses revealed NT-proCNP to be strongly predictive for the primary endpoint [hazard ratio (HR) 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-2.67, P = 0.006) in patients with HFpEF, but not in patients with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.81-1.43, P = 0.616). Finally, reclassification showed significant additive value in patients with HFpEF (P < 0.001), but not in those with HFrEF (P = 0.453). NT-proCNP is a strong independent marker for outcome in patients with HFpEF, but not in those with HFrEF.	2023-09-08T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/3872
# -- coding: utf-8 -- # vim: sw=4:ts=4:expandtab """ tests.test_fntools ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Provides main unit tests. """ import nose.tools as nt import itertools as it import requests import responses from io import StringIO from operator import itemgetter from meza import fntools as ft, io, stats def setup_module(): """site initialization""" global initialized initialized = True print('Site Module Setup\n') class TestIterStringIO: def test_strip(self): nt.assert_equal('2123.45', ft.strip('2,123.45')) parsed = ft.strip('2.123,45', thousand_sep='.', decimal_sep=',') nt.assert_equal('2123.45', parsed) nt.assert_equal('spam', ft.strip('spam')) def test_is_numeric(self): nt.assert_true(ft.is_numeric('2,123.45')) nt.assert_true(ft.is_numeric('2.123,45')) nt.assert_true(ft.is_numeric('0.45')) nt.assert_true(ft.is_numeric(1)) nt.assert_true(ft.is_numeric('10e5')) nt.assert_false(ft.is_numeric('spam')) nt.assert_false(ft.is_numeric('02139')) nt.assert_true(ft.is_numeric('02139', strip_zeros=True)) nt.assert_false(ft.is_numeric('spam')) nt.assert_false(ft.is_numeric(None)) nt.assert_false(ft.is_numeric('')) def test_is_numeric_currency_zero_value(self): """Regression test for https://github.com/reubano/meza/issues/36 """ for sym in ft.CURRENCIES: nt.assert_true(ft.is_numeric(f'0{sym}')) nt.assert_true(ft.is_numeric(f'{sym}0')) def test_is_int(self): nt.assert_false(ft.is_int('5/4/82')) def test_is_bool(self): nt.assert_true(ft.is_bool('y')) nt.assert_true(ft.is_bool(1)) nt.assert_true(ft.is_bool(False)) nt.assert_true(ft.is_bool('false')) nt.assert_true(ft.is_bool('n')) nt.assert_true(ft.is_bool(0)) nt.assert_false(ft.is_bool('')) nt.assert_false(ft.is_bool(None)) def test_is_null(self): nt.assert_false(ft.is_null('')) nt.assert_false(ft.is_null(' ')) nt.assert_false(ft.is_null(False)) nt.assert_false(ft.is_null('0')) nt.assert_false(ft.is_null(0)) nt.assert_true(ft.is_null('', blanks_as_nulls=True)) nt.assert_true(ft.is_null(' ', blanks_as_nulls=True)) def test_byte_array(self): content = 'Iñtërnâtiônàližætiøn' expected = bytearray('Iñtërnâtiônàližætiøn'.encode('utf-8')) nt.assert_equal(expected, ft.byte(content)) nt.assert_equal(expected, ft.byte(iter(content))) nt.assert_equal(expected, ft.byte(list(content))) def test_afterish(self): nt.assert_equal(-1, ft.afterish('1001', '.')) nt.assert_equal(3, ft.afterish('1,001')) nt.assert_equal(3, ft.afterish('2,100,001.00')) nt.assert_equal(2, ft.afterish('1,000.00', '.')) with nt.assert_raises(ValueError): ft.afterish('eggs', '.') def test_get_separators(self): expected = {'thousand_sep': ',', 'decimal_sep': '.'} nt.assert_equal(expected, ft.get_separators('2,123.45')) expected = {'thousand_sep': '.', 'decimal_sep': ','} nt.assert_equal(expected, ft.get_separators('2.123,45')) with nt.assert_raises(ValueError): ft.get_separators('spam') def test_fill(self): content = 'column_a,column_b,column_c\n' content += '1,27,,too long!\n,too short!\n0,mixed types.uh oh,17' f = StringIO(content) records = io.read_csv(f) previous = {} current = next(records) expected = {'column_a': '1', 'column_b': '27', 'column_c': ''} nt.assert_equal(expected, current) length = len(current) filled = ft.fill(previous, current, value=0) previous = dict(it.islice(filled, length)) count = next(filled) nt.assert_equal(count, {'column_a': 0, 'column_b': 0, 'column_c': 1}) expected = {'column_a': '1', 'column_b': '27', 'column_c': 0} nt.assert_equal(expected, previous) current = next(records) expected = { 'column_a': '', 'column_b': u"too short!", 'column_c': None, } nt.assert_equal(expected, current) kwargs = {'fill_key': 'column_b', 'count': count} filled = ft.fill(previous, current, kwargs) previous = dict(it.islice(filled, length)) count = next(filled) nt.assert_equal({'column_a': 1, 'column_b': 0, 'column_c': 2}, count) expected = { 'column_a': u"too short!", 'column_b': u"too short!", 'column_c': u"too short!", } nt.assert_equal(expected, previous) @responses.activate def test_chunk(self): content = io.StringIO('Iñtërnâtiônàližætiøn') nt.assert_equal('Iñtër', next(ft.chunk(content, 5))) nt.assert_equal('nâtiônàližætiøn', next(ft.chunk(content))) url = 'http://google.com' body = '<!doctype html><html itemtype="http://schema.org/page">' responses.add(responses.GET, url=url, body=body) r = requests.get(url, stream=True) # http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/api/ # The chunk size is the number of bytes it should read into # memory. This is not necessarily the length of each item returned # as decoding can take place. nt.assert_equal(20, len(next(ft.chunk(r.iter_content, 20, 29, 200)))) nt.assert_equal(55, len(next(ft.chunk(r.iter_content)))) def test_combine(self): records = [{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}, {'b': 4, 'c': 5, 'd': 6}] # Combine all keys pred = lambda key: True x, y = records[0], records[1] nt.assert_equal(1, ft.combine(x, y, 'a', pred=pred, op=sum)) nt.assert_equal(6, ft.combine(x, y, 'b', pred=pred, op=sum)) nt.assert_equal(8, ft.combine(x, y, 'c', pred=pred, op=sum)) fltrer = lambda x: x is not None first = lambda x: next(filter(fltrer, x)) kwargs = {'pred': pred, 'op': first, 'default': None} nt.assert_equal(2, ft.combine(x, y, 'b', kwargs)) kwargs = {'pred': pred, 'op': stats.mean, 'default': None} nt.assert_equal(1.0, ft.combine(x, y, 'a', kwargs)) nt.assert_equal(3.0, ft.combine(x, y, 'b', kwargs)) # Only combine key 'b' pred = lambda key: key == 'b' nt.assert_equal(5, ft.combine(x, y, 'c', pred=pred, op=sum)) # Only combine keys that have the same value of 'b' pred = itemgetter('b') nt.assert_equal(6, ft.combine(x, y, 'b', pred=pred, op=sum)) nt.assert_equal(5, ft.combine(x, y, 'c', pred=pred, op=sum)) def test_op_everseen(self): content = [4, 6, 3, 8, 2, 1] expected = [4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1] nt.assert_equal(expected, list(ft.op_everseen(content, pad=True))) nt.assert_equal([4, 6, 8], list(ft.op_everseen(content, op='gt'))) def test_objectify(self): kwargs = {'one': '1', 'two': '2'} kw = ft.Objectify(kwargs, func=int) nt.assert_equal(kw.one, 1) nt.assert_equal(kw['two'], 2) nt.assert_equal(dict(kw), {'one': 1, 'two': 2})	2024-04-29T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/7896
677 N.W.2d 471 (2004) The FREE PRESS, published by Newspaper Holdings, Inc., Respondent, v. COUNTY OF BLUE EARTH, Appellant. No. A03-1152. Court of Appeals of Minnesota. April 13, 2004. 472 Mark R. Anfinson, Minneapolis, MN, for respondent. Ann R. Goering, Ratwik, Roszak & Maloney, P.A., Minneapolis, MN, for appellant. 473 Considered and decided by LANSING, Presiding Judge, PETERSON, Judge, and HALBROOKS, Judge. OPINION LANSING, Judge. Blue Earth County appeals the district court's summary judgment declaring that the county violated Minn.Stat. § 13D.01, subd. 3 (2000), a provision of the Minnesota Open Meeting Law, by failing to describe the "subject to be discussed" at a closed meeting. The county also challenges the accompanying injunction, which restrains the county from closing any meeting without a public statement on the record indicating both the specific grounds permitting the closing of the meeting and a description of the subject to be discussed. We conclude that the district court did not err in determining that the county failed adequately to describe the subject to be discussed in the closed meeting. The injunction enforcing the open meeting law, however, lacks sufficient specificity to identify the restrained conduct, and we remand for reformulation of the injunction. FACTS The Blue Earth County Board of Commissioners held a meeting in April 2002 to discuss, among other matters, an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) charge filed by a county employee. A reporter from the Mankato Free Press was present at the meeting. During the meeting, the county board chair read a statement explaining that the county could close a meeting under Minn.Stat. § 13D.05, subd. 3(b) (2000), for discussion permitted by the attorney-client privilege; he then entertained a motion to close the meeting. The board minutes reflect that the meeting was closed "under the attorney-client privilege to discuss pending litigation." About two weeks later, the county terminated the employment of its land-records director. The Free Press reporter asked attorneys representing the county about the litigation. The Minnesota Counties Insurance Trust attorney who was assigned to defend the county against the EEOC charge stated that a charge had been filed with an administrative agency but that no lawsuit had been filed. The Blue Earth County Attorney told the reporter that a lawsuit "had already been filed" and that it involved "an employee matter." The insurance trust attorney confirmed that an administrative charge was pending and further stated that an administrative charge was considered a "pending civil legal action" under the Minnesota Government Data Practices Act (MGDPA). When asked by the reporter to identify the complainant, the insurance trust attorney declined to provide that information. After further inquiry by the attorney from the Free Press, the insurance trust attorney responded that an EEOC charge had been made in 2002 against Blue Earth County, but declined to specify the exact nature of the charge to avoid impermissibly identifying the employee or former employee who had brought the charge. The Free Press's attorney made a written request under the MGDPA to inspect all documents received by Blue Earth County from the EEOC after January 1, 2002. He agreed that redactions would be appropriate to protect the identity of the complainant but disagreed that specifying the legal basis for the charge would divulge the complainant's identity. He also requested all documents obtained by the county relating to the "pending litigation," a statement of the specific reasons for terminating the land-records director, and all data documenting the basis for that action. 474 The insurance trust attorney provided a redacted copy of the EEOC charge but asserted that the legal basis of the charge was not public information. She indicated that documents obtained by the county relating to the pending litigation were classified as confidential civil-investigative data under the MGDPA, and that the closed meeting related to the EEOC charge. She also stated that the former land-records director, an at-will employee, had not been subject to disciplinary action and that not every termination was disciplinary in nature. The Free Press filed a complaint in district court asserting violations of the MGDPA and the Minnesota Open Meeting Law. The Free Press alleged that the county had violated the MGDPA by failing to respond promptly to requests for information, failing to allow the Free Press to review EEOC documents relating to pending litigation, and failing to provide specific reasons for the employee's termination. The complaint also asserted that the county had violated the open meeting law by failing to identify the parties involved in the pending litigation. The Free Press requested declaratory relief, an injunction, a civil penalty, costs, disbursements, and attorneys' fees. Both the county and the Free Press moved for summary judgment. The district court issued a partial summary judgment: (a) granting summary judgment for the county on the Free Press's claim that the county failed to follow proper procedures in responding to the Free Press's requests for information under the MGDPA; (b) granting summary judgment for the Free Press on its claim for information in the EEOC charge, except for information specifically identifying the EEOC claimant; (c) granting summary judgment for the Free Press on its claim that the county's failure to describe the subject to be discussed at the closed meeting violated Minn.Stat. § 13D.01, subd. 3; (d) declining to grant summary judgment on the Free Press's requests for documents relating to the "pending litigation," the Free Press's request for information on the employment termination of the land-records director, and the Free Press's request for statutory penalties and attorneys' fees, and injunctive relief. On the county's renewed motion for summary judgment, reconsideration, and clarification, the district court confirmed summary judgment for disclosure to the Free Press of non-identifying information in the EEOC complaint. After reviewing the record as supplemented by the parties, the district court concluded as a matter of law that the land-records director's termination was disciplinary, and, thus, the Free Press was entitled to information relating to the termination. The district court rejected the county's newly raised argument that the Free Press lacked standing to pursue its open-meeting-law claim, concluding that the Free Press was an entity in the best position to sue to compel the county to comply with the directives of the law. In the same order, the court enjoined the county from closing any future meeting under the open meeting law "absent a statement made publicly and on the record which shall indicate both the specific grounds permitting the closing of the meeting and which shall contain a description of the subject that will be discussed, as required by Minn.Stat. § 13D.01, subd. 3." But the court declined to read a requirement into Minn.Stat. § 13D.01, subd. 3, that disclosure of the "subject to be discussed" required identifying the persons or entities involved. The court also declined to provide more specific standards for what would be required under the statute, stating the issue as only 475 whether the statement actually provided by the county described the "subject to be discussed," and finding that it did not. The court concluded that the determination of remedies under the MGDPA would require trial and that the Free Press was entitled to seek injunctive relief under the open meeting law. The court rejected the request for costs and attorneys' fees under the open meeting law, reasoning that they were only available against individual commissioners, not against the county, the sole named defendant. The county and the Free Press stipulated to submitting the case on affidavits and briefs, and the district court issued its findings of fact, conclusions of law, order for judgment, and memorandum, reiterating its previous conclusions and allowing $10,000 to the Free Press for attorneys' fees, costs, and disbursements on the MGDPA claims. The county appeals that part of the judgment that decided the open-meeting-law claims. ISSUES I. Does a statement that a meeting is being closed for discussion of pending litigation under the attorney-client privilege satisfy the requirement in Minn.Stat. § 13D.01, subd. 3 (2002), that a public body must describe the "subject to be discussed" before closing a meeting? II. Is the injunction sufficiently specific to provide a reasonable degree of certainty on what is being restrained? ANALYSIS I The interpretation of a statute and its application to undisputed facts raises questions of law that we review de novo. Wiegel v. City of St. Paul, 639 N.W.2d 378, 381 (Minn.2002). The county challenges the district court's grant of summary judgment determining that the county improperly closed the board meeting without describing the "subject to be discussed" as required by the Minnesota Open Meeting Law. Minn.Stat. § 13D.01, subd. 3 (2002), states: "Before closing a meeting, a public body shall state on the record the specific grounds permitting the meeting to be closed and describe the subject to be discussed." Another section of the open meeting law, Minn.Stat. § 13D.05, subd. 3(b) (2002), provides that "[m]eetings may be closed if the closure is expressly authorized by statute or permitted by the attorney-client privilege." The county contends that invoking Minn.Stat. § 13D.05, by itself, provides the specific grounds for the meeting to be closed under Minn.Stat. § 13D.01, subd. 3, and that its assertion of attorney-client privilege under that statute satisfies the requirement of the "subject to be discussed." The Free Press, however, argues that such a general reading of the statute would be meaningless and contrary to legislative intent. Resolution of this issue requires us to apply provisions of the open meeting law. To determine the meaning of a statute, we focus first on the language of the statute itself. See Minn.Stat. § 645.16 (2002) (setting forth plain-meaning rule). If the language of a statute is plain, that meaning is applied as a manifestation of legislative intent. Kersten v. Minn. Mut. Life Ins. Co., 608 N.W.2d 869, 874-75 (Minn.2000). "Plain meaning presupposes the ordinary usage of words that are not technically used or statutorily defined, relies on accepted punctuation and syntax, and draws from the full-act context of the statutory provision." Occhino v. Grover, 640 N.W.2d 357, 359 (Minn.App.2002) (citations 476 omitted), review denied (Minn. May 28, 2002). Sections of a statute should be considered together to give the words their plain meaning. Chanhassen Estates Residents Ass'n v. City of Chanhassen, 342 N.W.2d 335, 339 (Minn.1984); see also Minn.Stat. § 645.17 (2002) (statute must be considered as a whole to harmonize and give effect to all provisions); King v. St. Vincent's Hosp., 502 U.S. 215, 221, 112 S.Ct. 570, 574, 116 L.Ed.2d 578 (1991) ("[T]he meaning of statutory language, plain or not, depends on context."). In this case, our examination of the terms used in section 13D.01, subdivision 3 leads us to the plain meaning of the language in question. "Grounds," as defined by Black's Law Dictionary, are "[t]he reason[s] or point[s] that something (as a legal claim or argument) relies on for validity." Black's Law Dictionary at 710 (7th ed.1999). "Subject," on the other hand, refers to "[t]he matter of concern over which something is created." Id. at 1438. Contrary to the county's argument, "attorney-client privilege," as recited in section 13D.05, subdivision 3(b), does not suffice as the "subject to be discussed" required by section 13D.01, subdivision 3; clearly, the county's assertion of that privilege was the "grounds" for closing the meeting. And the assertion of that privilege alone is legally insufficient to meet the statutory requirement of section 13D.01, subdivision 3. The county also maintains that it further defined the subject to be discussed as "pending litigation." We recognize that by providing this information the county identified the subject to be discussed, but section 13D.01, subdivision 3 requires a public body to "describe the subject to be discussed." (Emphasis added.) Again, the county's actions failed to satisfy the statutory requirement, because they lacked a particularized statement describing the subject to be discussed. The plain meaning of the requirement that the public body "describe the subject to be discussed" is consistent with case law construing the related open-meeting-law provision, Minn.Stat. § 13D.05, subd. 3, which allows a meeting to be closed when authorized by the attorney-client privilege. See Prior Lake Am. v. Mader, 642 N.W.2d 729, 740 (Minn.2002) (allowing closure "when a public body seeks legal advice concerning litigation strategy"); see also Minneapolis Star & Tribune Co. v. Hous. & Redev. Auth., 310 Minn. 313, 324, 251 N.W.2d 620, 626 (1976) (concluding that attorney-client privilege exception to open meeting law applied when affidavit showed that closed meetings were necessary to protect litigation strategy and discuss settlement proposals in case pending in United States District Court); Channel 10 v. Indep. Sch. Dist. No. 709, 298 Minn. 306, 323, 215 N.W.2d 814, 826 (1974) (declining to adopt blanket exception to open meeting law for attorney-client privilege). In Prior Lake Am., 642 N.W.2d at 739, the supreme court concluded that the attorney-client-privilege exception applied when the balance of purposes served by the attorney-client privilege weighed against those served by the open meeting law and dictated the need for absolute confidentiality. This narrow formulation of the attorney-client privilege reflects the public policy behind the open meeting law. As the Prior Lake court noted, the scope of the attorney-client privilege is narrower for public bodies than for private clients: "Open-meeting and open-files statutes reflect a public policy against secrecy in governmental activity. Moreover, unlike persons in private life, a public agency or employee has no autonomous right of confidentiality in communications relating to governmental business." Id. at 737 (citing Restatement (Third) of the Law Governing Lawyers, § 74 cmt. b (1998)). 477 In order for the narrow construction of attorney-client privilege under Minn.Stat. § 13D.05, subd. 3(b), to be effective, the parallel open meeting law provision, Minn.Stat. § 13D.01, subd. 3, requires a particularized statement describing the "subject to be discussed" when closing a meeting on the ground of attorney-client privilege. Thus, requiring a particularized statement describing the subject to be discussed harmonizes with the Prior Lake analysis and gives effect to all the provisions of the open meeting law. See Minn.Stat. §§ 645.16 (mandating that "[e]very law shall be construed, if possible, to give effect to all its provisions"); .17(2) (2002) (mandating that courts presume that legislature intended to give effect to every provision of statute). Narrow construction of exceptions to the open meeting law advances the legislative purpose to support broad public access to the decisions of public bodies. See St. Cloud Newspapers, Inc. v. Dist. 742 Cmty. Schools, 332 N.W.2d 1, 6 (Minn.1983) (declaring that the open meeting law "will be liberally construed in order to protect the public's right to full access to the decision-making process of public bodies ..."). Thus, we conclude that the district court did not err in determining that the county failed adequately to describe the "subject to be discussed" in closing the board meeting on the ground of attorney-client privilege to discuss pending litigation. II The county challenges the Free Press's standing to bring this action and disputes its own status as a proper party defendant. A party acquires standing either by suffering an injury-in-fact or as the beneficiary of express statutory authority granting standing. In re Petition for Improvement of County Ditch No. 86, 625 N.W.2d 813, 817 (Minn.2001). In Channel 10, 298 Minn. at 313, 215 N.W.2d at 821, the Minnesota Supreme Court broadly construed the requirements of standing under the open meeting law, reasoning that the law was "designed to assure the public's right to be informed" by the media and does not require allegations of specific injury or interests different from those of the general public. Although the county asserts that the Free Press relinquished its standing as a member of the public by failing to pass along the limited information it received about the EEOC charge, that argument is unpersuasive in light of the county's refusal to divulge the legal basis for the charge, an essential piece of information sought under the statute. Accordingly, we conclude that the Free Press had standing to request relief from the district court. Similarly, the county's argument that it was not a proper party defendant under the open meeting law must fail. As the county points out, the open meeting law ascribes potential liability for civil penalties, costs, disbursements, and attorneys' fees to public officials, rather than the public body that they represent. Minn. Stat. § 13D.06 (2002). But the law does not prohibit the remedy of injunctive relief, and Minnesota courts have construed the open meeting law to permit a district court to issue an injunction against a public authority. See Channel 10, 298 Minn. at 317-18, 215 N.W.2d at 823 (upholding injunctive relief ordered against school board, noting that public body that closed meetings in violation of open meeting law may be enjoined without statutory enabling provision); see also Minn.Stat. § 645.17(4) (2002) (noting that when court of last resort has construed statutory language, legislature in subsequent laws on same subject matter is deemed to intend same construction of statute). Therefore, the district court was not precluded from 478 ordering injunctive relief against Blue Earth County. III The county maintains that the district court's injunction lacked sufficient specificity to identify the conduct that is restrained. We agree. While the decision whether to grant injunctive relief rests within the discretion of the district court, Cherne Indus., v. Grounds & Assocs., 278 N.W.2d 81, 92 (Minn.1979), injunctions ordered under the open meeting law must serve the "policy and purposes expressed by the legislature," and "fundamental fairness, if not due process, requires that [an] injunction be so tailored that the defendant knows with some reasonable degree of certainty what it is restrained from doing." Channel 10, 298 Minn. at 317, 325-26, 215 N.W.2d at 823, 827-28. In its summary judgment memorandum, the district court "decline[d] to endorse [whether] a statement by the [c]ounty [b]oard that it was going to discuss `a complaint filed with an administrative agency by an unnamed former employee,' or a statement of similar import, would have been sufficient." The district court simply enjoined the county from closing a meeting absent a public statement indicating both the specific grounds for closing the meeting and a description of the subject to be discussed. This recitation of statutory language does not serve to notify the county with reasonable specificity exactly what conduct is restrained, or conversely, the exact nature of the language that would satisfy the statutory requirement. Therefore we remand this issue to the district court for more precise direction to inform the county what specific information is required to satisfy the requirement that it describe the "subject to be discussed" under section 13D.01, subdivision 3. In so doing, we recognize the importance of balancing the public's interest in free and open public meetings with the current or former employee's privacy interest. As the district court noted in its summary judgment memorandum, members of the public retain an obvious interest in knowing what litigation is pending against their county and the basis for that information. On the other hand, the open meeting law recognizes specific privacy protections for data on individuals. See, e.g., Minn.Stat. § 13D.05, subd. 2 (2002) (stating that meeting "must be closed" for discussion of certain nonpublic data, including active criminal investigative data and certain educational health, medical, welfare, and mental health data). The district court in this case determined in its summary judgment that the non-identifying information contained in the EEOC charge was not private personnel data under Minn.Stat. § 13.43 (2000). This determination has not been appealed. Similarly, although federal regulations prohibit the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission from making public a charge asserted under relevant law before a lawsuit is commenced, this prohibition does not apply to "the publication of data derived from such information in a form which does not reveal the identity of charging parties, respondents, or persons supplying the information." 29 C.F.R. § 1601.22 (2003). Because neither state nor federal law prevents disclosure of non-identifying information in the EEOC charge, the district court correctly determined that the public had a right to the information contained in the charge, including its legal basis, as redacted to preserve the complainant's identity. Because of state and federal law providing for confidentiality and privacy, describing the "subject to be discussed" will not always permit disclosure of the current or former 479 employee's identity. The primary matter of public concern remains the nature and substance of the legal charges leveled against the county. If the district court determines that making public the legal basis for a charge effectively identifies the complainant in circumstances in which the complainant's identity is protected by law, the district court must use its discretion to fashion an equitable, particularized injunction. DECISION Because Minn.Stat. § 13D.01, subd. 3 (2002), requires a particularized statement describing the subject to be discussed before a public body closes a meeting, we affirm the district court's determination that the county failed to comply with the statute when it stated only that the meeting was closed "under the attorney-client privilege to discuss pending litigation." We remand, however, to the district court for a modified injunctive order that will describe the restrained conduct with sufficient specificity to allow the county to comply with the prescribed statutory terms. Affirmed as modified; remanded.	2023-10-03T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/6601
This invention relates generally to optical scanners, and has particular reference to a novel two channel optical scanning device for reading bar codes of high data density. Existing hand held scanning devices read the varying amounts of light reflected from the various different elements of a bar code with a photodetector which coacts with an optical system that provides the required resolution to detect the smallest element of the bar code. The information that is encoded in the succession of bar code elements appears at the photodetector output as an electric signal of changing amplitude and variable width as the scanner is moved across the bar code. The width of a light or dark code element is expressed in the time period between the mean value of the detector output change and the mean value of the following output change. Since the slope and amplitude of the detector output change are functions of the scanner characteristics and bar code print contrast, it is impossible to determine ahead of the following output change the mean value of said change. It is therefore virtually impossible to produce an electrical square wave signal that accurately expresses the width of a given bar code element with previously developed hand held scanners in a real time process. Various electronic circuits such as slope detectors and controlled threshold comparators have been developed to process the signal of prior art scanners reducing the errors caused by scanner and code characteristics. However, with the exception of some relatively complex and expensive systems not operating in a real time mode, the prior art hand held scanning devices are generally not suitable for high data density bar code reading to the best of the applicant's knowledge.	2024-05-12T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/8136
Mga Hardforks ng Bitcoin ay ano ito? Ano po ang fork? The Bitcoin network has gone through a lot of forks since the advent of this cryptocurrency in 2008. These forks were supposed to help developers to solve problems such as scalability, low capacity of TPS (transaction per second), limited block size, and in general to facilitate the Bitcoin network overload. With bitcoin being an open source software, any user on the network can copy, modify, and introduce their own rules in the code. Gayon, any user may create new protocols and chains that are considered to be forks, namely soft or hardforks of the network. Softfork is a reversible change in the blockchain protocol that does not prevent the nodes of a new chain from communicating with the nodes of the old chain. The best softfork example is Segregated Witness or SegWit. Network users have activated this softfork in August in order to optimize the structure of block transactions so that they would occupy less memory space. The softfork allowed for blocks to hold more information without changing the work of the Bitcoin network. Hardfork is a new network chain that is formed when the new rules become incompatible with the old blockchain protocol. Sa kasong ito, the nodes of the new and old networks would not be able to “communicate,” since hardfork implies changing the consensus mechanism itself. With the help of hardforks, network users try to solve key problems of the Bitcoin network such as low network bandwidth that allows to process up to seven transactions per second and limited block size that, according to many, should hold more than 1 MB of data. Hardforks also allow users to create new cryptocurrencies, as the alternatives to bitcoin. Past hardforks results 2015-2016 Bitcoin XT is the first Bitcoin network hardfork, which was held in August of 2015. The hardfork, which is based on the source code of Bitcoin Core, was supposed to increase the block size to 8 MB, thereby increasing the network bandwidth up to 24 transactions per second, but cryptocurrency did not gain the necessary support from the mining community. To implement Bitcoin XT it required 75% of all Bitcoin network miners to enter the new network, but only 12% of them supported the hardfork. In this regard, one of the main developers Mike Hearn sold his cryptocurrencies and left the project in 2016. Bilang isang resulta, lamang 20 nodes were left from the original 4,000 units, which made the network unavailable at that moment. Bitcoin Unlimited hardfork was launched to change the block size in May 2016, when miners were proposed to choose the size of the future network block. According to miners, expanding the size of the block will not only eliminate the queue but also improve their profitability by increasing the total commission fees in the block. But hardforks critics, most of whom were developers, noted that this strategy could increase the possibility that large centralized pools of miners would begin to manipulate the network development. This meant that miners with limited hardware capabilities would not be able to participate effectively in the development of the network and in the long run would be completely superseded. Gayon, the network would become centralized in several pools. Experts also found several bugs in the Bitcoin Unlimited software, which first in April and then in May of this year led to the downfall of 70% of the nodes in the network, thereby undermining crypto community trust to these forks. Bitcoin Classic project was launched to address the Bitcoin network scalability problems, which had not been solved by the Bitcoin XT hardfork. The goal of the project was to increase the block size to 2 MB and then to 4 MB. But this hardfork did not gain the necessary support of the crypto community. At the very beginning more than 2,000 nodes took part in the project,” but the number dropped to 100 pamamagitan ng 2017. In November it was announced that the project was shutting down after SegWit2X had been canceled and developers of the project had openly supported Bitcoin Cash, the new cryptocurrency. 2017 Bitcoin Cash is probably the most famous and successful Bitcoin network hardfork. As a result of a forced hardfork protocol, Bitcoin Cash appeared on the block 478,558 on 1 Agosto. As part of the fork, the block size increased from 1 MB to 8 MB, and this, sa kabilang dako, increased the network capacity and reduced transaction fees. After hardfork, Bitcoin holders had an equal amount of Bitcoin Cash in their e-wallets. The new network has provided a mechanism that protects from concurrent transactions in two blockchains. Ngayon, 13 December, the Bitcoin Cash exchange rate is $1,616.84 and is currently placed third by the cryptomarket capitalization. Bitcoin Gold cryptocurrency appeared on 24th of October as a result of hardfork on the block 491,407 carried out by mining firm Lightning ASIC in Hong Kong. The goal of the project is to become a more attractive currency for the non-professional miners than the original bitcoin. In this regard, a greater number of network users can mine Bitcoin Gold and the cryptocurrency motto is “make bitcoin decentralized again.” Instead of the old Proof-of-Work protocol hardfork initiators use the new one, Equihash. This algorithm is more sensitive to the size of random access memory (RAM) and is also used when mining cryptocurrency Zcash. Ngayon, 13 December, Bitcoin Gold exchange rate is $276.88 and market capitalization is more than $4.5 angaw. Bitcoin Diamond is the hardfork, which happened at the end of November on the block 495,866. Bitcoin Diamond miners create blocks on a new algorithm of proof of work (PoW). Din, this cryptocurrency differs from the very first one by the ten times increase in volume of emissions and block size of 8 MB. Developers believe that this hardfork is intended to solve such problems as lack of privacy protection, slow transaction confirmation, and high threshold for new participants to enter the network. To create Bitcoin Diamond mining network, e-wallet, nodes code, and API, as well as to add open source code on GitHub is planned by the end of the year. Super Bitcoin, a new cryptocurrency, appeared on 12 December, as the result of the division in the Bitcoin network on the block 498,888. The Super Bitcoin motto is “make Bitcoin great again.” It is noteworthy that instead of the traditional ICO this platform uses a new method of attracting investments, called Initial Fork Offerings (IFO). The hardfork provides the unit increase up to 8 MB. The network uses a technology Lightning Network that will allow conducting an unlimited number of micropayments. Bukod pa rito, Super Bitcoin network is running smart contracts. Developers note, Gayunman, that the fork is intended to realize the crypto community desires and it is rather an experiment. Future Lightning Bitcoin — the network division will presumably happen 23rd of December on the block 499,999. The developers of the new network want to combine the best qualities of bitcoin and ethereum. Gayon, the Lightning Network technology will also be used in the new network for carrying out micropayments and the new DPOS (Proof of Delegated Stake) mechanism will be applied for consensus. To increase the unit up to 2 MB, which will increase transaction speed and it is expected that the network will support smart contracts. The network will also have an increased speed of new block creation which will take up to 3 seconds. While hardfork does not support SegWit, it provides protection from repeated transactions. Gayunman, it is worth noting that despite the approaching launch date, the project has still to set up a working website. Bitcoin God hardfork, initiated by the Chinese cryptocurrency investor Chandler Guo, is to happen on the block 501,225, on 25 December. The businessman said that pre-mining would not occur, while the emission volume would amount to 21 million GOD. Several stock exchanges have already confirmed that they will work with the new cryptocurrency, which will be gifted to bitcoin holders at a ratio of one to one. Bitcoin Platinum was presented as a Bitcoin network hardfork, which was supposed to happen on the block 498,577 and create a new cryptocurrency. Gayunman, as Cointelegraph reports, the hardfork is a scam created by a teenager from South Korea, and the currency itself is a full copy of the Bitcoin Cash code. Expert opinions Co-founder of ZenCash, Rob Viglionebelieves that the forks are the adequate step of blockchain development: Open-source ecosystems are designed to evolve, whether that’s through in-project improvements or forks in which the entire code base goes in an incompatible direction. Evolution is a messy process, so it doesn’t always turn out well, but sometimes that’s the only way to have big breakthroughs. The leading developer of blockchain in Sweetbridge, Bob Summervillebelieves that the forks are good because they allow members to decide how the network should develop: There have been years of fear, uncertainty, and doubt within the Bitcoin community about the Risk of hard forks. It is apparent to me that most of that noise has been coming from groups that favor coercion and censorship over free markets and the right to secede. There is no such thing as a ‘bad fork.’ You don’t have to cheer one team or the other. Experimentation and competition are good. Let the market decide and participate where you see value. My most valuable learning experience from the ETH/ETC split was that minority chains are viable. If a crypto community has irreconcilable differences, then you can go your separate ways, and that is just fine. You get a divorce and both move on with your lives, rather than living together in misery forever, constantly arguing.” But Director of LOOMIA, Saul Ledererhas a completely opposite point of view: “Saturating the market with different versions of Bitcoin is confusing to users and discredits the claim that there are a limited number of Bitcoins—since you can always fork it and double the supply,” notes Lederer. “What’s deeply troublesome is that these spin-offs sprung from a relatively minor squabble in the Bitcoin community on how to handle the block size limit. Instead of coming to an agreement, the community, developers, and code are fracturing into different groups.”	2024-07-09T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5976
Determinants of changes in plasma homocysteine in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Hyperhomocysteinaemia is a risk factor for premature atherosclerotic vascular disease and venous thrombosis. The aim of the present study was to assess plasma total homocysteine (tHCys) concentrations in hypo- as well as hyperthyroid patients before and after treatment, and to evaluate the role of potential determinants of plasma tHCys levels in these patients. Prospective follow up study. Fifty hypothyroid and 46 hyperthyroid patients were studied in the untreated state and again after restoration of euthyroidism. Fasting plasma levels of tHCys and its putative determinants (plasma levels of free thyroxine (fT4), folate, vitamin B(12), renal function, sex, age, smoking status and the C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene were measured before and after treatment. Restoration of the euthyroid state decreased both tHCys (17.6 +/- 10.2-13.0 +/- 4.7 micromol/l; P < 0.005) and creatinine (83.9 +/- 22.0-69.8 +/- 14.2 micromol/l; P < 0.005) in hypothyroid patients and increased both tHCys (10.7 +/- 2.5-13.4 +/- 3.3 micromol/l; P < 0.005) and creatinine (49.0 +/- 15.4-66.5 +/- 15.0 micromol/l; P < 0.005) in hyperthyroid patients (values as mean +/- SD). Folate levels were lower in the hypothyroid group compared to the hyperthyroid group (11.7 +/- 6.4 and 15.1 +/- 7.6 nmol/l; P < 0.05). Pretreatment tHCys levels correlated with log fT(4) (r = - 0.47), folate (r = - 0.21), plasma creatinine (r = 0.45) and age (r = 0.35) but not with C677T genotype. Multivariate analysis indicated that pretreatment log(fT(4)) levels and age accounted for 28% the variability of pre-treatment tHCys (tHCys = 14.2-5.50 log(fT(4)) + 0.14 age). After treatment the logarithm of the change (Delta) in fT(4) (expressed as the post-treatment fT(4)/pre-treatment fT(4) ratio) accounted for 45% of the variability in change of tHCys ( tHCys = - 0.07-4.94 log ( fT(4))); there was no independent contribution of changes in creatinine which was, however, strongly related to changes in tHCys (r = 0.61). Plasma tHCys concentrations increased in hypothyroidism and decreased in hyperthyroidism. Plasma fT(4) is an independent determinant of tHCys concentrations. Lower folate levels and a lower creatinine clearance in hypo-thyroidism, and a higher creatinine clearance in hyperthyroidism only partially explain the changes in tHCys.	2023-08-03T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/8588
Former Penn State QB Steven Bench to Transfer to USF TAMPA – Former Penn State quarterback Steven Bench is transferring to the University of South Florida, head coach Willie Taggart confirmed on Thursday. Bench is allowed to play in 2013 due to the Nittany Lions’ NCAA sanctions and will have three years of eligibility remaining. “We’re definitely excited that Steven decided to join the USF family,” Taggart said. “He is a coach’s son, who brings a lot of toughness to the game. His addition will also elevate the competition at quarterback, which will be good for all the players at the position. We’re looking forward to his arrival on campus so he can start working out with the guys, while getting acclimated to the way we do things.” Bench became just the third Penn State true freshman signal-caller to play in the previous eight years and was one of just six true freshmen to play during the 2012 season. He made his Penn State debut in the second quarter at Virginia and completed his first career pass attempt. Bench completed two passes for 12 yards versus the Cavaliers and also gained 18 yards on three rushing attempts. He also played at Purdue. A Bainbridge, Ga. native, Bench was selected the Region 1-AAA Offensive Player of the Year during his senior season at Cairo High School. He threw for 1,200 yards and 11 touchdown passes, while running for nine scores as a senior. Bench led the Syrupmakers to the 2011 Region I-AAA championship and a berth in the state semifinals. A four-year football letterman, Bench also was a prep All-America baseball player and played one year of basketball. He was an honors graduate with a 3.86 grade-point average at Cairo.	2023-08-27T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/8382
Recently… Coffee and Ginger Ice Cream Sandwich Now that we’ve broken the 67 consecutive days of 100 degree temperatures , it almost feels like fall here in Austin. So gearing up for fall, I thought it might be time for me to attempt my first blog post with possibly the best two (fall-ish) flavor combinations…coffee and ginger. Both of these recipes are great as stand alone recipes, but my idea was to make the ultimate ice cream sandwich. Smooth, creamy coffee ice cream sandwiched between two soft and chewy gingersnap cookies. If this isn’t a flavor combination you have tried before, you definitely need to experience it! First I made the gingersnap cookies. They are one of my favorite cookies to buy from Whole Foods, but I’ve never tried making them before. I was slightly surprised to find that crystallized ginger and ground cloves are so expensive to buy…but I most definitely could have found them for cheaper at a bulk foods section in a grocery store. Preheat oven to 375 degrees. Combine softened butter, sugar, molasses, and egg in mixer. Beat well. Sift dry ingredients together and add to wet mixture. Stir until just combined. Stir in crystallized ginger. Roll dough into 1 inch balls and roll in granulated sugar. Place on silpat or greased cookie sheet and bake for 8-10 minutes. (I tried baking them for 8 minutes so that they would stay soft for when I froze the ice cream sandwiches.) For the coffee ice cream I wanted to experiment with making this dairy free, since recently I’ve been attempting to give up dairy in efforts to eat a more Paleo type diet. Granted, neither of these recipes are at all Paleo, but I’ve been meaning to make these for awhile. Next time I would like to try regular and light coconut milk in place of cream and regular milk, but this time I just substituted the cream with regular coconut milk. Combine eggs, yolks, sugar in mixer and blend thoroughly for approximately 5 minutes. Heat milk and coconut milk in saucepan until just scorched. Do not let this boil. Turn off heat. Slowly pour 1 cup of milk mixture into egg mixture, beating rapidly with a whisk. Once it is all beaten in, pour the egg mixture back into the saucepan with the remaining milk mixture, while beating with whisk. Heat mixture on medium low, stirring constantly for a few more minutes or until it is thick enough to coat the back of the spoon. Turn of heat. Pour mixture into bowl, cover with plastic wrap and refrigerate until completely cool. After it is cooled, poor mixture into ice cream maker and follow machine’s instructions. The ice cream was soft serve consistency when it was finished in the ice cream machine. I decided to put it into freezer over night before making ice cream sandwiches. The next day, it was frozen pretty solid so I set it out to soften for a while before making sandwiches. I scooped a good size portion onto a cookie, smooshed it with another cookie and individually wrapped them to put back in freezer for later!	2024-01-03T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/9889
// Formatting library for C++ - the core API // // Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich // All rights reserved. // // For the license information refer to format.h. #ifndef FMT_CORE_H_ #define FMT_CORE_H_ #include <cassert> #include <cstdio> // std::FILE #include <cstring> #include <iterator> #include <string> #include <type_traits> // The fmt library version in the form major * 10000 + minor * 100 + patch. #define FMT_VERSION 50300 #ifdef __has_feature # define FMT_HAS_FEATURE(x) __has_feature(x) #else # define FMT_HAS_FEATURE(x) 0 #endif #if defined(__has_include) && !defined(__INTELLISENSE__) && \ !(defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && __INTEL_COMPILER < 1600) # define FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(x) __has_include(x) #else # define FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(x) 0 #endif #ifdef __has_cpp_attribute # define FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(x) __has_cpp_attribute(x) #else # define FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(x) 0 #endif #if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) # define FMT_GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) #else # define FMT_GCC_VERSION 0 #endif #if __cplusplus >= 201103L \|\| defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__) # define FMT_HAS_GXX_CXX11 FMT_GCC_VERSION #else # define FMT_HAS_GXX_CXX11 0 #endif #ifdef _MSC_VER # define FMT_MSC_VER _MSC_VER #else # define FMT_MSC_VER 0 #endif // Check if relaxed C++14 constexpr is supported. // GCC doesn't allow throw in constexpr until version 6 (bug 67371). #ifndef FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR # define FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR \ (FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_relaxed_constexpr) \|\| FMT_MSC_VER >= 1910 \|\| \ (FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 600 && __cplusplus >= 201402L)) #endif #if FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR # define FMT_CONSTEXPR constexpr # define FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL constexpr #else # define FMT_CONSTEXPR inline # define FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL #endif #ifndef FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR11 # define FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR11 \ (FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR \|\| FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 406 \|\| FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900) #endif #if FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR11 # define FMT_CONSTEXPR11 constexpr #else # define FMT_CONSTEXPR11 #endif #ifndef FMT_OVERRIDE # if FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_override) \|\| \ (FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 408 && FMT_HAS_GXX_CXX11) \|\| FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900 # define FMT_OVERRIDE override # else # define FMT_OVERRIDE # endif #endif #if FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_explicit_conversions) \|\| \ FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 405 \|\| FMT_MSC_VER >= 1800 # define FMT_USE_EXPLICIT 1 # define FMT_EXPLICIT explicit #else # define FMT_USE_EXPLICIT 0 # define FMT_EXPLICIT #endif #ifndef FMT_NULL # if FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_nullptr) \|\| \ (FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 408 && FMT_HAS_GXX_CXX11) \|\| FMT_MSC_VER >= 1600 # define FMT_NULL nullptr # define FMT_USE_NULLPTR 1 # else # define FMT_NULL NULL # endif #endif #ifndef FMT_USE_NULLPTR # define FMT_USE_NULLPTR 0 #endif // Check if exceptions are disabled. #ifndef FMT_EXCEPTIONS # if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)) \|\| \ FMT_MSC_VER && !_HAS_EXCEPTIONS # define FMT_EXCEPTIONS 0 # else # define FMT_EXCEPTIONS 1 # endif #endif // Define FMT_USE_NOEXCEPT to make fmt use noexcept (C++11 feature). #ifndef FMT_USE_NOEXCEPT # define FMT_USE_NOEXCEPT 0 #endif #if FMT_USE_NOEXCEPT \|\| FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_noexcept) \|\| \ (FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 408 && FMT_HAS_GXX_CXX11) \|\| FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900 # define FMT_DETECTED_NOEXCEPT noexcept # define FMT_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT 1 #else # define FMT_DETECTED_NOEXCEPT throw() # define FMT_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT 0 #endif #ifndef FMT_NOEXCEPT # if FMT_EXCEPTIONS \|\| FMT_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT # define FMT_NOEXCEPT FMT_DETECTED_NOEXCEPT # else # define FMT_NOEXCEPT # endif #endif #ifndef FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE # if FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_inline_namespaces) \|\| FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 404 \|\| \ FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900 # define FMT_INLINE_NAMESPACE inline namespace # define FMT_END_NAMESPACE }} # else # define FMT_INLINE_NAMESPACE namespace # define FMT_END_NAMESPACE } using namespace v5; } # endif # define FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE namespace fmt { FMT_INLINE_NAMESPACE v5 { #endif #if !defined(FMT_HEADER_ONLY) && defined(_WIN32) # ifdef FMT_EXPORT # define FMT_API __declspec(dllexport) # elif defined(FMT_SHARED) # define FMT_API __declspec(dllimport) # endif #endif #ifndef FMT_API # define FMT_API #endif #ifndef FMT_ASSERT # define FMT_ASSERT(condition, message) assert((condition) && message) #endif // libc++ supports string_view in pre-c++17. #if (FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<string_view>) && \ (__cplusplus > 201402L \|\| defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION))) \|\| \ (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG > 201402L && _MSC_VER >= 1910) # include <string_view> # define FMT_STRING_VIEW std::basic_string_view #elif FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<experimental/string_view>) && __cplusplus >= 201402L # include <experimental/string_view> # define FMT_STRING_VIEW std::experimental::basic_string_view #endif // std::result_of is defined in <functional> in gcc 4.4. #if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION <= 404 # include <functional> #endif FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE namespace internal { // An implementation of declval for pre-C++11 compilers such as gcc 4. template <typename T> typename std::add_rvalue_reference<T>::type declval() FMT_NOEXCEPT; template <typename> struct result_of; template <typename F, typename... Args> struct result_of<F(Args...)> { // A workaround for gcc 4.4 that doesn't allow F to be a reference. typedef typename std::result_of< typename std::remove_reference<F>::type(Args...)>::type type; }; // Casts nonnegative integer to unsigned. template <typename Int> FMT_CONSTEXPR typename std::make_unsigned<Int>::type to_unsigned(Int value) { FMT_ASSERT(value >= 0, "negative value"); return static_cast<typename std::make_unsigned<Int>::type>(value); } /** A contiguous memory buffer with an optional growing ability. / template <typename T> class basic_buffer { private: basic_buffer(const basic_buffer &) = delete; void operator=(const basic_buffer &) = delete; T ptr_; std::size_t size_; std::size_t capacity_; protected: // Don't initialize ptr_ since it is not accessed to save a few cycles. basic_buffer(std::size_t sz) FMT_NOEXCEPT: size_(sz), capacity_(sz) {} basic_buffer(T p = FMT_NULL, std::size_t sz = 0, std::size_t cap = 0) FMT_NOEXCEPT: ptr_(p), size_(sz), capacity_(cap) {} /* Sets the buffer data and capacity. / void set(T buf_data, std::size_t buf_capacity) FMT_NOEXCEPT { ptr_ = buf_data; capacity_ = buf_capacity; } /** Increases the buffer capacity to hold at least capacity elements. / virtual void grow(std::size_t capacity) = 0; public: typedef T value_type; typedef const T &const_reference; virtual ~basic_buffer() {} T begin() FMT_NOEXCEPT { return ptr_; } T end() FMT_NOEXCEPT { return ptr_ + size_; } /* Returns the size of this buffer. / std::size_t size() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return size_; } /* Returns the capacity of this buffer. / std::size_t capacity() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return capacity_; } /* Returns a pointer to the buffer data. / T data() FMT_NOEXCEPT { return ptr_; } /** Returns a pointer to the buffer data. / const T data() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return ptr_; } /** Resizes the buffer. If T is a POD type new elements may not be initialized. / void resize(std::size_t new_size) { reserve(new_size); size_ = new_size; } /* Clears this buffer. / void clear() { size_ = 0; } /* Reserves space to store at least capacity elements. / void reserve(std::size_t new_capacity) { if (new_capacity > capacity_) grow(new_capacity); } void push_back(const T &value) { reserve(size_ + 1); ptr_[size_++] = value; } /* Appends data to the end of the buffer. / template <typename U> void append(const U begin, const U end); T &operator[](std::size_t index) { return ptr_[index]; } const T &operator[](std::size_t index) const { return ptr_[index]; } }; typedef basic_buffer<char> buffer; typedef basic_buffer<wchar_t> wbuffer; // A container-backed buffer. template <typename Container> class container_buffer : public basic_buffer<typename Container::value_type> { private: Container &container_; protected: void grow(std::size_t capacity) FMT_OVERRIDE { container_.resize(capacity); this->set(&container_[0], capacity); } public: explicit container_buffer(Container &c) : basic_buffer<typename Container::value_type>(c.size()), container_(c) {} }; // Extracts a reference to the container from back_insert_iterator. template <typename Container> inline Container &get_container(std::back_insert_iterator<Container> it) { typedef std::back_insert_iterator<Container> bi_iterator; struct accessor: bi_iterator { accessor(bi_iterator iter) : bi_iterator(iter) {} using bi_iterator::container; }; return accessor(it).container; } struct error_handler { FMT_CONSTEXPR error_handler() {} FMT_CONSTEXPR error_handler(const error_handler &) {} // This function is intentionally not constexpr to give a compile-time error. FMT_API void on_error(const char message); }; template <typename T> struct no_formatter_error : std::false_type {}; } // namespace internal #if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 405 template <typename... T> struct is_constructible: std::false_type {}; #else template <typename... T> struct is_constructible : std::is_constructible<T...> {}; #endif /* An implementation of ``std::basic_string_view`` for pre-C++17. It provides a subset of the API. ``fmt::basic_string_view`` is used for format strings even if ``std::string_view`` is available to prevent issues when a library is compiled with a different ``-std`` option than the client code (which is not recommended). / template <typename Char> class basic_string_view { private: const Char data_; size_t size_; public: typedef Char char_type; typedef const Char iterator; FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view() FMT_NOEXCEPT : data_(FMT_NULL), size_(0) {} /* Constructs a string reference object from a C string and a size. / FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view(const Char s, size_t count) FMT_NOEXCEPT : data_(s), size_(count) {} /** \rst Constructs a string reference object from a C string computing the size with ``std::char_traits<Char>::length``. \endrst / basic_string_view(const Char s) : data_(s), size_(std::char_traits<Char>::length(s)) {} /** Constructs a string reference from a ``std::basic_string`` object. / template <typename Alloc> FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view( const std::basic_string<Char, Alloc> &s) FMT_NOEXCEPT : data_(s.data()), size_(s.size()) {} #ifdef FMT_STRING_VIEW FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view(FMT_STRING_VIEW<Char> s) FMT_NOEXCEPT : data_(s.data()), size_(s.size()) {} #endif /* Returns a pointer to the string data. / FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char data() const { return data_; } /** Returns the string size. / FMT_CONSTEXPR size_t size() const { return size_; } FMT_CONSTEXPR iterator begin() const { return data_; } FMT_CONSTEXPR iterator end() const { return data_ + size_; } FMT_CONSTEXPR void remove_prefix(size_t n) { data_ += n; size_ -= n; } // Lexicographically compare this string reference to other. int compare(basic_string_view other) const { size_t str_size = size_ < other.size_ ? size_ : other.size_; int result = std::char_traits<Char>::compare(data_, other.data_, str_size); if (result == 0) result = size_ == other.size_ ? 0 : (size_ < other.size_ ? -1 : 1); return result; } friend bool operator==(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) == 0; } friend bool operator!=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) != 0; } friend bool operator<(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) < 0; } friend bool operator<=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) <= 0; } friend bool operator>(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) > 0; } friend bool operator>=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) >= 0; } }; typedef basic_string_view<char> string_view; typedef basic_string_view<wchar_t> wstring_view; /* \rst The function ``to_string_view`` adapts non-intrusively any kind of string or string-like type if the user provides a (possibly templated) overload of ``to_string_view`` which takes an instance of the string class ``StringType<Char>`` and returns a ``fmt::basic_string_view<Char>``. The conversion function must live in the very same namespace as ``StringType<Char>`` to be picked up by ADL. Non-templated string types like f.e. QString must return a ``basic_string_view`` with a fixed matching char type. Example:: namespace my_ns { inline string_view to_string_view(const my_string &s) { return {s.data(), s.length()}; } } std::string message = fmt::format(my_string("The answer is {}"), 42); \endrst / template <typename Char> inline basic_string_view<Char> to_string_view(basic_string_view<Char> s) { return s; } template <typename Char> inline basic_string_view<Char> to_string_view(const std::basic_string<Char> &s) { return s; } template <typename Char> inline basic_string_view<Char> to_string_view(const Char s) { return s; } #ifdef FMT_STRING_VIEW template <typename Char> inline basic_string_view<Char> to_string_view(FMT_STRING_VIEW<Char> s) { return s; } #endif // A base class for compile-time strings. It is defined in the fmt namespace to // make formatting functions visible via ADL, e.g. format(fmt("{}"), 42). struct compile_string {}; template <typename S> struct is_compile_string : std::is_base_of<compile_string, S> {}; template < typename S, typename Enable = typename std::enable_if<is_compile_string<S>::value>::type> FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view<typename S::char_type> to_string_view(const S &s) { return s; } template <typename Context> class basic_format_arg; template <typename Context> class basic_format_args; // A formatter for objects of type T. template <typename T, typename Char = char, typename Enable = void> struct formatter { static_assert(internal::no_formatter_error<T>::value, "don't know how to format the type, include fmt/ostream.h if it provides " "an operator<< that should be used"); // The following functions are not defined intentionally. template <typename ParseContext> typename ParseContext::iterator parse(ParseContext &); template <typename FormatContext> auto format(const T &val, FormatContext &ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()); }; template <typename T, typename Char, typename Enable = void> struct convert_to_int: std::integral_constant< bool, !std::is_arithmetic<T>::value && std::is_convertible<T, int>::value> {}; namespace internal { struct dummy_string_view { typedef void char_type; }; dummy_string_view to_string_view(...); using fmt::v5::to_string_view; // Specifies whether S is a string type convertible to fmt::basic_string_view. template <typename S> struct is_string : std::integral_constant<bool, !std::is_same< dummy_string_view, decltype(to_string_view(declval<S>()))>::value> {}; template <typename S> struct char_t { typedef decltype(to_string_view(declval<S>())) result; typedef typename result::char_type type; }; template <typename Char> struct named_arg_base; template <typename T, typename Char> struct named_arg; enum type { none_type, named_arg_type, // Integer types should go first, int_type, uint_type, long_long_type, ulong_long_type, bool_type, char_type, last_integer_type = char_type, // followed by floating-point types. double_type, long_double_type, last_numeric_type = long_double_type, cstring_type, string_type, pointer_type, custom_type }; FMT_CONSTEXPR bool is_integral(type t) { FMT_ASSERT(t != internal::named_arg_type, "invalid argument type"); return t > internal::none_type && t <= internal::last_integer_type; } FMT_CONSTEXPR bool is_arithmetic(type t) { FMT_ASSERT(t != internal::named_arg_type, "invalid argument type"); return t > internal::none_type && t <= internal::last_numeric_type; } template <typename Char> struct string_value { const Char value; std::size_t size; }; template <typename Context> struct custom_value { const void value; void (format)(const void arg, Context &ctx); }; // A formatting argument value. template <typename Context> class value { public: typedef typename Context::char_type char_type; union { int int_value; unsigned uint_value; long long long_long_value; unsigned long long ulong_long_value; double double_value; long double long_double_value; const void pointer; string_value<char_type> string; string_value<signed char> sstring; string_value<unsigned char> ustring; custom_value<Context> custom; }; FMT_CONSTEXPR value(int val = 0) : int_value(val) {} value(unsigned val) { uint_value = val; } value(long long val) { long_long_value = val; } value(unsigned long long val) { ulong_long_value = val; } value(double val) { double_value = val; } value(long double val) { long_double_value = val; } value(const char_type val) { string.value = val; } value(const signed char val) { static_assert(std::is_same<char, char_type>::value, "incompatible string types"); sstring.value = val; } value(const unsigned char val) { static_assert(std::is_same<char, char_type>::value, "incompatible string types"); ustring.value = val; } value(basic_string_view<char_type> val) { string.value = val.data(); string.size = val.size(); } value(const void val) { pointer = val; } template <typename T> explicit value(const T &val) { custom.value = &val; custom.format = &format_custom_arg<T>; } const named_arg_base<char_type> &as_named_arg() { return static_cast<const named_arg_base<char_type>>(pointer); } private: // Formats an argument of a custom type, such as a user-defined class. template <typename T> static void format_custom_arg(const void arg, Context &ctx) { // Get the formatter type through the context to allow different contexts // have different extension points, e.g. `formatter<T>` for `format` and // `printf_formatter<T>` for `printf`. typename Context::template formatter_type<T>::type f; auto &&parse_ctx = ctx.parse_context(); parse_ctx.advance_to(f.parse(parse_ctx)); ctx.advance_to(f.format(static_cast<const T>(arg), ctx)); } }; // Value initializer used to delay conversion to value and reduce memory churn. template <typename Context, typename T, type TYPE> struct init { T val; static const type type_tag = TYPE; FMT_CONSTEXPR init(const T &v) : val(v) {} FMT_CONSTEXPR operator value<Context>() const { return value<Context>(val); } }; template <typename Context, typename T> FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_format_arg<Context> make_arg(const T &value); #define FMT_MAKE_VALUE(TAG, ArgType, ValueType) \ template <typename C> \ FMT_CONSTEXPR init<C, ValueType, TAG> make_value(ArgType val) { \ return static_cast<ValueType>(val); \ } #define FMT_MAKE_VALUE_SAME(TAG, Type) \ template <typename C> \ FMT_CONSTEXPR init<C, Type, TAG> make_value(Type val) { return val; } FMT_MAKE_VALUE(bool_type, bool, int) FMT_MAKE_VALUE(int_type, short, int) FMT_MAKE_VALUE(uint_type, unsigned short, unsigned) FMT_MAKE_VALUE_SAME(int_type, int) FMT_MAKE_VALUE_SAME(uint_type, unsigned) // To minimize the number of types we need to deal with, long is translated // either to int or to long long depending on its size. typedef std::conditional<sizeof(long) == sizeof(int), int, long long>::type long_type; FMT_MAKE_VALUE( (sizeof(long) == sizeof(int) ? int_type : long_long_type), long, long_type) typedef std::conditional<sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned), unsigned, unsigned long long>::type ulong_type; FMT_MAKE_VALUE( (sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned) ? uint_type : ulong_long_type), unsigned long, ulong_type) FMT_MAKE_VALUE_SAME(long_long_type, long long) FMT_MAKE_VALUE_SAME(ulong_long_type, unsigned long long) FMT_MAKE_VALUE(int_type, signed char, int) FMT_MAKE_VALUE(uint_type, unsigned char, unsigned) // This doesn't use FMT_MAKE_VALUE because of ambiguity in gcc 4.4. template <typename C, typename Char> FMT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if< std::is_same<typename C::char_type, Char>::value, init<C, int, char_type>>::type make_value(Char val) { return val; } template <typename C> FMT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if< !std::is_same<typename C::char_type, char>::value, init<C, int, char_type>>::type make_value(char val) { return val; } FMT_MAKE_VALUE(double_type, float, double) FMT_MAKE_VALUE_SAME(double_type, double) FMT_MAKE_VALUE_SAME(long_double_type, long double) // Formatting of wide strings into a narrow buffer and multibyte strings // into a wide buffer is disallowed (https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/606). FMT_MAKE_VALUE(cstring_type, typename C::char_type, const typename C::char_type) FMT_MAKE_VALUE(cstring_type, const typename C::char_type, const typename C::char_type) FMT_MAKE_VALUE(cstring_type, signed char, const signed char) FMT_MAKE_VALUE_SAME(cstring_type, const signed char) FMT_MAKE_VALUE(cstring_type, unsigned char, const unsigned char) FMT_MAKE_VALUE_SAME(cstring_type, const unsigned char) FMT_MAKE_VALUE_SAME(string_type, basic_string_view<typename C::char_type>) FMT_MAKE_VALUE(string_type, typename basic_string_view<typename C::char_type>::type, basic_string_view<typename C::char_type>) FMT_MAKE_VALUE(string_type, const std::basic_string<typename C::char_type>&, basic_string_view<typename C::char_type>) FMT_MAKE_VALUE(pointer_type, void, const void) FMT_MAKE_VALUE_SAME(pointer_type, const void) #if FMT_USE_NULLPTR FMT_MAKE_VALUE(pointer_type, std::nullptr_t, const void) #endif // Formatting of arbitrary pointers is disallowed. If you want to output a // pointer cast it to "void " or "const void ". In particular, this forbids // formatting of "[const] volatile char " which is printed as bool by // iostreams. template <typename C, typename T> typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<T, typename C::char_type>::value>::type make_value(const T ) { static_assert(!sizeof(T), "formatting of non-void pointers is disallowed"); } template <typename C, typename T> inline typename std::enable_if< std::is_enum<T>::value && convert_to_int<T, typename C::char_type>::value, init<C, int, int_type>>::type make_value(const T &val) { return static_cast<int>(val); } template <typename C, typename T, typename Char = typename C::char_type> inline typename std::enable_if< is_constructible<basic_string_view<Char>, T>::value && !internal::is_string<T>::value, init<C, basic_string_view<Char>, string_type>>::type make_value(const T &val) { return basic_string_view<Char>(val); } template <typename C, typename T, typename Char = typename C::char_type> inline typename std::enable_if< !convert_to_int<T, Char>::value && !std::is_same<T, Char>::value && !std::is_convertible<T, basic_string_view<Char>>::value && !is_constructible<basic_string_view<Char>, T>::value && !internal::is_string<T>::value, // Implicit conversion to std::string is not handled here because it's // unsafe: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/729 init<C, const T &, custom_type>>::type make_value(const T &val) { return val; } template <typename C, typename T> init<C, const void, named_arg_type> make_value(const named_arg<T, typename C::char_type> &val) { basic_format_arg<C> arg = make_arg<C>(val.value); std::memcpy(val.data, &arg, sizeof(arg)); return static_cast<const void>(&val); } template <typename C, typename S> FMT_CONSTEXPR11 typename std::enable_if< internal::is_string<S>::value, init<C, basic_string_view<typename C::char_type>, string_type>>::type make_value(const S &val) { // Handle adapted strings. static_assert(std::is_same< typename C::char_type, typename internal::char_t<S>::type>::value, "mismatch between char-types of context and argument"); return to_string_view(val); } // Maximum number of arguments with packed types. enum { max_packed_args = 15 }; enum : unsigned long long { is_unpacked_bit = 1ull << 63 }; template <typename Context> class arg_map; } // namespace internal // A formatting argument. It is a trivially copyable/constructible type to // allow storage in basic_memory_buffer. template <typename Context> class basic_format_arg { private: internal::value<Context> value_; internal::type type_; template <typename ContextType, typename T> friend FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_format_arg<ContextType> internal::make_arg(const T &value); template <typename Visitor, typename Ctx> friend FMT_CONSTEXPR typename internal::result_of<Visitor(int)>::type visit_format_arg(Visitor &&vis, const basic_format_arg<Ctx> &arg); friend class basic_format_args<Context>; friend class internal::arg_map<Context>; typedef typename Context::char_type char_type; public: class handle { public: explicit handle(internal::custom_value<Context> custom): custom_(custom) {} void format(Context &ctx) const { custom_.format(custom_.value, ctx); } private: internal::custom_value<Context> custom_; }; FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_format_arg() : type_(internal::none_type) {} FMT_EXPLICIT operator bool() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return type_ != internal::none_type; } internal::type type() const { return type_; } bool is_integral() const { return internal::is_integral(type_); } bool is_arithmetic() const { return internal::is_arithmetic(type_); } }; struct monostate {}; /** \rst Visits an argument dispatching to the appropriate visit method based on the argument type. For example, if the argument type is ``double`` then ``vis(value)`` will be called with the value of type ``double``. \endrst / template <typename Visitor, typename Context> FMT_CONSTEXPR typename internal::result_of<Visitor(int)>::type visit_format_arg(Visitor &&vis, const basic_format_arg<Context> &arg) { typedef typename Context::char_type char_type; switch (arg.type_) { case internal::none_type: break; case internal::named_arg_type: FMT_ASSERT(false, "invalid argument type"); break; case internal::int_type: return vis(arg.value_.int_value); case internal::uint_type: return vis(arg.value_.uint_value); case internal::long_long_type: return vis(arg.value_.long_long_value); case internal::ulong_long_type: return vis(arg.value_.ulong_long_value); case internal::bool_type: return vis(arg.value_.int_value != 0); case internal::char_type: return vis(static_cast<char_type>(arg.value_.int_value)); case internal::double_type: return vis(arg.value_.double_value); case internal::long_double_type: return vis(arg.value_.long_double_value); case internal::cstring_type: return vis(arg.value_.string.value); case internal::string_type: return vis(basic_string_view<char_type>( arg.value_.string.value, arg.value_.string.size)); case internal::pointer_type: return vis(arg.value_.pointer); case internal::custom_type: return vis(typename basic_format_arg<Context>::handle(arg.value_.custom)); } return vis(monostate()); } // DEPRECATED! template <typename Visitor, typename Context> FMT_CONSTEXPR typename internal::result_of<Visitor(int)>::type visit(Visitor &&vis, const basic_format_arg<Context> &arg) { return visit_format_arg(std::forward<Visitor>(vis), arg); } // Parsing context consisting of a format string range being parsed and an // argument counter for automatic indexing. template <typename Char, typename ErrorHandler = internal::error_handler> class basic_parse_context : private ErrorHandler { private: basic_string_view<Char> format_str_; int next_arg_id_; public: typedef Char char_type; typedef typename basic_string_view<Char>::iterator iterator; explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_parse_context( basic_string_view<Char> format_str, ErrorHandler eh = ErrorHandler()) : ErrorHandler(eh), format_str_(format_str), next_arg_id_(0) {} // Returns an iterator to the beginning of the format string range being // parsed. FMT_CONSTEXPR iterator begin() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return format_str_.begin(); } // Returns an iterator past the end of the format string range being parsed. FMT_CONSTEXPR iterator end() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return format_str_.end(); } // Advances the begin iterator to ``it``. FMT_CONSTEXPR void advance_to(iterator it) { format_str_.remove_prefix(internal::to_unsigned(it - begin())); } // Returns the next argument index. FMT_CONSTEXPR unsigned next_arg_id(); FMT_CONSTEXPR bool check_arg_id(unsigned) { if (next_arg_id_ > 0) { on_error("cannot switch from automatic to manual argument indexing"); return false; } next_arg_id_ = -1; return true; } void check_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char>) {} FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char message) { ErrorHandler::on_error(message); } FMT_CONSTEXPR ErrorHandler error_handler() const { return this; } }; typedef basic_parse_context<char> format_parse_context; typedef basic_parse_context<wchar_t> wformat_parse_context; // DEPRECATED! typedef basic_parse_context<char> parse_context; typedef basic_parse_context<wchar_t> wparse_context; namespace internal { // A map from argument names to their values for named arguments. template <typename Context> class arg_map { private: arg_map(const arg_map &) = delete; void operator=(const arg_map &) = delete; typedef typename Context::char_type char_type; struct entry { basic_string_view<char_type> name; basic_format_arg<Context> arg; }; entry map_; unsigned size_; void push_back(value<Context> val) { const internal::named_arg_base<char_type> &named = val.as_named_arg(); map_[size_] = entry{named.name, named.template deserialize<Context>()}; ++size_; } public: arg_map() : map_(FMT_NULL), size_(0) {} void init(const basic_format_args<Context> &args); ~arg_map() { delete [] map_; } basic_format_arg<Context> find(basic_string_view<char_type> name) const { // The list is unsorted, so just return the first matching name. for (entry it = map_, end = map_ + size_; it != end; ++it) { if (it->name == name) return it->arg; } return {}; } }; // A type-erased reference to an std::locale to avoid heavy <locale> include. class locale_ref { private: const void locale_; // A type-erased pointer to std::locale. friend class locale; public: locale_ref() : locale_(FMT_NULL) {} template <typename Locale> explicit locale_ref(const Locale &loc); template <typename Locale> Locale get() const; }; template <typename OutputIt, typename Context, typename Char> class context_base { public: typedef OutputIt iterator; private: basic_parse_context<Char> parse_context_; iterator out_; basic_format_args<Context> args_; locale_ref loc_; protected: typedef Char char_type; typedef basic_format_arg<Context> format_arg; context_base(OutputIt out, basic_string_view<char_type> format_str, basic_format_args<Context> ctx_args, locale_ref loc = locale_ref()) : parse_context_(format_str), out_(out), args_(ctx_args), loc_(loc) {} // Returns the argument with specified index. format_arg do_get_arg(unsigned arg_id) { format_arg arg = args_.get(arg_id); if (!arg) parse_context_.on_error("argument index out of range"); return arg; } // Checks if manual indexing is used and returns the argument with // specified index. format_arg get_arg(unsigned arg_id) { return this->parse_context().check_arg_id(arg_id) ? this->do_get_arg(arg_id) : format_arg(); } public: basic_parse_context<char_type> &parse_context() { return parse_context_; } basic_format_args<Context> args() const { return args_; } // DEPRECATED! basic_format_arg<Context> arg(unsigned id) const { return args_.get(id); } internal::error_handler error_handler() { return parse_context_.error_handler(); } void on_error(const char message) { parse_context_.on_error(message); } // Returns an iterator to the beginning of the output range. iterator out() { return out_; } iterator begin() { return out_; } // deprecated // Advances the begin iterator to ``it``. void advance_to(iterator it) { out_ = it; } locale_ref locale() { return loc_; } }; template <typename Context, typename T> struct get_type { typedef decltype(make_value<Context>( declval<typename std::decay<T>::type&>())) value_type; static const type value = value_type::type_tag; }; template <typename Context> FMT_CONSTEXPR11 unsigned long long get_types() { return 0; } template <typename Context, typename Arg, typename... Args> FMT_CONSTEXPR11 unsigned long long get_types() { return get_type<Context, Arg>::value \| (get_types<Context, Args...>() << 4); } template <typename Context, typename T> FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_format_arg<Context> make_arg(const T &value) { basic_format_arg<Context> arg; arg.type_ = get_type<Context, T>::value; arg.value_ = make_value<Context>(value); return arg; } template <bool IS_PACKED, typename Context, typename T> inline typename std::enable_if<IS_PACKED, value<Context>>::type make_arg(const T &value) { return make_value<Context>(value); } template <bool IS_PACKED, typename Context, typename T> inline typename std::enable_if<!IS_PACKED, basic_format_arg<Context>>::type make_arg(const T &value) { return make_arg<Context>(value); } } // namespace internal // Formatting context. template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_format_context : public internal::context_base< OutputIt, basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>, Char> { public: /** The character type for the output. / typedef Char char_type; // using formatter_type = formatter<T, char_type>; template <typename T> struct formatter_type { typedef formatter<T, char_type> type; }; private: internal::arg_map<basic_format_context> map_; basic_format_context(const basic_format_context &) = delete; void operator=(const basic_format_context &) = delete; typedef internal::context_base<OutputIt, basic_format_context, Char> base; typedef typename base::format_arg format_arg; using base::get_arg; public: using typename base::iterator; /* Constructs a ``basic_format_context`` object. References to the arguments are stored in the object so make sure they have appropriate lifetimes. / basic_format_context(OutputIt out, basic_string_view<char_type> format_str, basic_format_args<basic_format_context> ctx_args, internal::locale_ref loc = internal::locale_ref()) : base(out, format_str, ctx_args, loc) {} format_arg next_arg() { return this->do_get_arg(this->parse_context().next_arg_id()); } format_arg get_arg(unsigned arg_id) { return this->do_get_arg(arg_id); } // Checks if manual indexing is used and returns the argument with the // specified name. format_arg get_arg(basic_string_view<char_type> name); }; template <typename Char> struct buffer_context { typedef basic_format_context< std::back_insert_iterator<internal::basic_buffer<Char>>, Char> type; }; typedef buffer_context<char>::type format_context; typedef buffer_context<wchar_t>::type wformat_context; /* \rst An array of references to arguments. It can be implicitly converted into `~fmt::basic_format_args` for passing into type-erased formatting functions such as `~fmt::vformat`. \endrst / template <typename Context, typename ...Args> class format_arg_store { private: static const size_t NUM_ARGS = sizeof...(Args); // Packed is a macro on MinGW so use IS_PACKED instead. static const bool IS_PACKED = NUM_ARGS < internal::max_packed_args; typedef typename std::conditional<IS_PACKED, internal::value<Context>, basic_format_arg<Context>>::type value_type; // If the arguments are not packed, add one more element to mark the end. static const size_t DATA_SIZE = NUM_ARGS + (IS_PACKED && NUM_ARGS != 0 ? 0 : 1); value_type data_[DATA_SIZE]; friend class basic_format_args<Context>; static FMT_CONSTEXPR11 unsigned long long get_types() { return IS_PACKED ? internal::get_types<Context, Args...>() : internal::is_unpacked_bit \| NUM_ARGS; } public: #if FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR11 static FMT_CONSTEXPR11 unsigned long long TYPES = get_types(); #else static const unsigned long long TYPES; #endif #if (FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION <= 405) \|\| \ (FMT_MSC_VER && FMT_MSC_VER <= 1800) // Workaround array initialization issues in gcc <= 4.5 and MSVC <= 2013. format_arg_store(const Args &... args) { value_type init[DATA_SIZE] = {internal::make_arg<IS_PACKED, Context>(args)...}; std::memcpy(data_, init, sizeof(init)); } #else format_arg_store(const Args &... args) : data_{internal::make_arg<IS_PACKED, Context>(args)...} {} #endif }; #if !FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR11 template <typename Context, typename ...Args> const unsigned long long format_arg_store<Context, Args...>::TYPES = get_types(); #endif /* \rst Constructs an `~fmt::format_arg_store` object that contains references to arguments and can be implicitly converted to `~fmt::format_args`. `Context` can be omitted in which case it defaults to `~fmt::context`. \endrst / template <typename Context = format_context, typename ...Args> inline format_arg_store<Context, Args...> make_format_args(const Args &... args) { return {args...}; } /* Formatting arguments. / template <typename Context> class basic_format_args { public: typedef unsigned size_type; typedef basic_format_arg<Context> format_arg; private: // To reduce compiled code size per formatting function call, types of first // max_packed_args arguments are passed in the types_ field. unsigned long long types_; union { // If the number of arguments is less than max_packed_args, the argument // values are stored in values_, otherwise they are stored in args_. // This is done to reduce compiled code size as storing larger objects // may require more code (at least on x86-64) even if the same amount of // data is actually copied to stack. It saves ~10% on the bloat test. const internal::value<Context> values_; const format_arg args_; }; bool is_packed() const { return (types_ & internal::is_unpacked_bit) == 0; } typename internal::type type(unsigned index) const { unsigned shift = index 4; return static_cast<typename internal::type>( (types_ & (0xfull << shift)) >> shift); } friend class internal::arg_map<Context>; void set_data(const internal::value<Context> values) { values_ = values; } void set_data(const format_arg args) { args_ = args; } format_arg do_get(size_type index) const { format_arg arg; if (!is_packed()) { auto num_args = max_size(); if (index < num_args) arg = args_[index]; return arg; } if (index > internal::max_packed_args) return arg; arg.type_ = type(index); if (arg.type_ == internal::none_type) return arg; internal::value<Context> &val = arg.value_; val = values_[index]; return arg; } public: basic_format_args() : types_(0) {} /** \rst Constructs a `basic_format_args` object from `~fmt::format_arg_store`. \endrst / template <typename... Args> basic_format_args(const format_arg_store<Context, Args...> &store) : types_(static_cast<unsigned long long>(store.TYPES)) { set_data(store.data_); } /* \rst Constructs a `basic_format_args` object from a dynamic set of arguments. \endrst / basic_format_args(const format_arg args, size_type count) : types_(internal::is_unpacked_bit \| count) { set_data(args); } /** Returns the argument at specified index. / format_arg get(size_type index) const { format_arg arg = do_get(index); if (arg.type_ == internal::named_arg_type) arg = arg.value_.as_named_arg().template deserialize<Context>(); return arg; } size_type max_size() const { unsigned long long max_packed = internal::max_packed_args; return static_cast<size_type>( is_packed() ? max_packed : types_ & ~internal::is_unpacked_bit); } }; /* An alias to ``basic_format_args<context>``. / // It is a separate type rather than a typedef to make symbols readable. struct format_args : basic_format_args<format_context> { template <typename ...Args> format_args(Args &&... arg) : basic_format_args<format_context>(std::forward<Args>(arg)...) {} }; struct wformat_args : basic_format_args<wformat_context> { template <typename ...Args> wformat_args(Args &&... arg) : basic_format_args<wformat_context>(std::forward<Args>(arg)...) {} }; #define FMT_ENABLE_IF_T(B, T) typename std::enable_if<B, T>::type #ifndef FMT_USE_ALIAS_TEMPLATES # define FMT_USE_ALIAS_TEMPLATES FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_alias_templates) #endif #if FMT_USE_ALIAS_TEMPLATES /* String's character type. / template <typename S> using char_t = FMT_ENABLE_IF_T( internal::is_string<S>::value, typename internal::char_t<S>::type); #define FMT_CHAR(S) fmt::char_t<S> #else template <typename S> struct char_t : std::enable_if< internal::is_string<S>::value, typename internal::char_t<S>::type> {}; #define FMT_CHAR(S) typename char_t<S>::type #endif namespace internal { template <typename Char> struct named_arg_base { basic_string_view<Char> name; // Serialized value<context>. mutable char data[ sizeof(basic_format_arg<typename buffer_context<Char>::type>)]; named_arg_base(basic_string_view<Char> nm) : name(nm) {} template <typename Context> basic_format_arg<Context> deserialize() const { basic_format_arg<Context> arg; std::memcpy(&arg, data, sizeof(basic_format_arg<Context>)); return arg; } }; template <typename T, typename Char> struct named_arg : named_arg_base<Char> { const T &value; named_arg(basic_string_view<Char> name, const T &val) : named_arg_base<Char>(name), value(val) {} }; template <typename... Args, typename S> inline typename std::enable_if<!is_compile_string<S>::value>::type check_format_string(const S &) {} template <typename... Args, typename S> typename std::enable_if<is_compile_string<S>::value>::type check_format_string(S); template <typename S, typename... Args> struct checked_args : format_arg_store< typename buffer_context<FMT_CHAR(S)>::type, Args...> { typedef typename buffer_context<FMT_CHAR(S)>::type context; checked_args(const S &format_str, const Args &... args): format_arg_store<context, Args...>(args...) { internal::check_format_string<Args...>(format_str); } basic_format_args<context> operator() const { return this; } }; template <typename Char> std::basic_string<Char> vformat( basic_string_view<Char> format_str, basic_format_args<typename buffer_context<Char>::type> args); template <typename Char> typename buffer_context<Char>::type::iterator vformat_to( internal::basic_buffer<Char> &buf, basic_string_view<Char> format_str, basic_format_args<typename buffer_context<Char>::type> args); } /* \rst Returns a named argument to be used in a formatting function. Example:: fmt::print("Elapsed time: {s:.2f} seconds", fmt::arg("s", 1.23)); \endrst / template <typename T> inline internal::named_arg<T, char> arg(string_view name, const T &arg) { return {name, arg}; } template <typename T> inline internal::named_arg<T, wchar_t> arg(wstring_view name, const T &arg) { return {name, arg}; } // Disable nested named arguments, e.g. ``arg("a", arg("b", 42))``. template <typename S, typename T, typename Char> void arg(S, internal::named_arg<T, Char>) = delete; template <typename Container> struct is_contiguous: std::false_type {}; template <typename Char> struct is_contiguous<std::basic_string<Char> >: std::true_type {}; template <typename Char> struct is_contiguous<internal::basic_buffer<Char> >: std::true_type {}; /* Formats a string and writes the output to ``out``. / template <typename Container, typename S> typename std::enable_if< is_contiguous<Container>::value, std::back_insert_iterator<Container>>::type vformat_to( std::back_insert_iterator<Container> out, const S &format_str, basic_format_args<typename buffer_context<FMT_CHAR(S)>::type> args) { internal::container_buffer<Container> buf(internal::get_container(out)); internal::vformat_to(buf, to_string_view(format_str), args); return out; } template <typename Container, typename S, typename... Args> inline typename std::enable_if< is_contiguous<Container>::value && internal::is_string<S>::value, std::back_insert_iterator<Container>>::type format_to(std::back_insert_iterator<Container> out, const S &format_str, const Args &... args) { internal::checked_args<S, Args...> ca(format_str, args...); return vformat_to(out, to_string_view(format_str), ca); } template <typename S, typename Char = FMT_CHAR(S)> inline std::basic_string<Char> vformat( const S &format_str, basic_format_args<typename buffer_context<Char>::type> args) { return internal::vformat(to_string_view(format_str), args); } / \rst Formats arguments and returns the result as a string. Example*:: #include <fmt/core.h> std::string message = fmt::format("The answer is {}", 42); \endrst / template <typename S, typename... Args> inline std::basic_string<FMT_CHAR(S)> format( const S &format_str, const Args &... args) { return internal::vformat( to_string_view(format_str), internal::checked_args<S, Args...>(format_str, args...)); } FMT_API void vprint(std::FILE f, string_view format_str, format_args args); FMT_API void vprint(std::FILE f, wstring_view format_str, wformat_args args); /* \rst Prints formatted data to the file f. For wide format strings, f should be in wide-oriented mode set via ``fwide(f, 1)`` or ``_setmode(_fileno(f), _O_U8TEXT)`` on Windows. Example:: fmt::print(stderr, "Don't {}!", "panic"); \endrst / template <typename S, typename... Args> inline FMT_ENABLE_IF_T(internal::is_string<S>::value, void) print(std::FILE f, const S &format_str, const Args &... args) { vprint(f, to_string_view(format_str), internal::checked_args<S, Args...>(format_str, args...)); } FMT_API void vprint(string_view format_str, format_args args); FMT_API void vprint(wstring_view format_str, wformat_args args); / \rst Prints formatted data to ``stdout``. Example*:: fmt::print("Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23); \endrst / template <typename S, typename... Args> inline FMT_ENABLE_IF_T(internal::is_string<S>::value, void) print(const S &format_str, const Args &... args) { vprint(to_string_view(format_str), internal::checked_args<S, Args...>(format_str, args...)); } FMT_END_NAMESPACE #endif // FMT_CORE_H_	2024-05-11T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/6547
Lawyers representing youth in a landmark climate lawsuit are demanding to see the emails Secretary of State Rex Tillerson sent using the alias "Wayne Tracker" while serving as CEO of ExxonMobil. New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman's office made the claim of the email alias last week in a court filing as part of its investigation into the oil giant's climate cover-up. The filing said Tillerson used the "Tracker" account to discuss climate change and other matters from at least 2008-2015. In the youths' case, as Common Dreams wrote, the 21 "co-plaintiffs argue that by failing to act on climate change, the U.S. government has violated the youngest generation's constitutional rights and their rights to vital public trust resources." Their legal action, which now names President Donald Trump as climate villain #1, seeks a science-based plan to reduce emissions and is supported by the nonprofit Our Children's Trust. While the "Tracker" emails were sought by Schneiderman's investigation, the youths' attorneys say they are germane to their case as well. ExxonMobil is a member of the oil and gas industry trade group American Petroleum Institute (API), which is an intervenor-defendent in the climate case. Tillerson also served on the board of directors of API through the end of December 2016. A press statement released Monday from Our Children's Trust says: "attorneys representing youth plaintiffs suspect the emails will also reveal the deep influence of the fossil fuel defendants over U.S. energy and climate policies, and the defendants' private acknowledgement that climate change was caused by their product, both of which are important to the youths' case." SCROLL TO CONTINUE WITH CONTENT Never Miss a Beat. Get our best delivered to your inbox. The lawyers are asking for emails held by defendants API and the United States government to be turned over by April 16, 2017. According to Julia Olson, the plaintiffs' counsel and executive director of Our Children's Trust, "When looking for evidence of a cover-up, emails from Rex Tillerson's pseudonym about climate change are just the kind of evidence the court needs to see." Those emails, however, might be "lost." Bloomberg reported Friday: "Exxon Mobil Corp. says a technical glitch may have prevented it from automatically preserving emails in a secondary account used by former Chief Executive Officer Rex Tillerson to discuss climate change risks and other issues under the alias Wayne Tracker." The youth plaintiffs last month also asked the API to for documents that show the industry's role in government climate policy. One of the plaintiffs, 20-year-old Columbia University student Alex Loznak, said, "The API's secrets will tell the shocking story of an industry bent on destabilizing the planet's climate system, hand-in-hand with corrupt government officials." Of the youths' suit, historian and author Jeremy Brecher wrote last month that it "is shaping up to be not only a historic trial of the culpability of the U.S. government for destruction of the earth's climate, but of the power of courts to protect our rights."	2023-10-20T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/1059
/* * GeoTools - The Open Source Java GIS Toolkit * http://geotools.org * * (C) 2002-2009, Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo) * * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; * version 2.1 of the License. * * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU * Lesser General Public License for more details. */ package org.geotools.data.postgis; import org.geotools.jdbc.JDBCFeatureLockingOnlineTest; import org.geotools.jdbc.JDBCTestSetup; public class PostgisFeatureLockingOnlineTest extends JDBCFeatureLockingOnlineTest { @Override protected JDBCTestSetup createTestSetup() { return new PostGISTestSetup(); } }	2023-11-04T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5163
Wendy’s Wish: Sunday’s Comic …. an email obtained by The Republic appears to show Rogers asking Bush donors for money as she dangles the possibility of her candidacy. …My name is Wendy Rogers and, like you, I am a Bush bundler. We may have met in Kennebunkport, at the Reagan Library, or in Miami. I retired from the Air Force as a Lt Colonel after 20 years of service and was one of the Air Force’s first 100 women pilots. Last year, I ran for Congress here in Arizona, but unfortunately was outgunned by the DCCC who came in with a million dollars for my opponent. In 2016, there is going to be an open Congressional seat in Arizona’s 1st District. It likely is one of Republicans’ top pickup opportunities for 2016. I have not decided yet whether I will run for office again, and am not currently a candidate, but I remain committed to supporting conservative leadership. I wanted to let you know about a new Super PAC – Defend Rural Arizona – which has been formed to help promote and defend free market conservatives in Arizona. …I hope you will consider supporting Defend Rural Arizona by contributing, either via mail using the attached form, or donating online at www.DefendRuralArizona.com I am not affiliated with the group, and if I were to become a candidate for office, I would have no relationship to the committee. However, capable people head it up (including one who advised me on my 2014 campaign). I know they will do good work on behalf of conservative causes in Arizona… Harris, who worked with Missouri-based Axiom Strategies when he was Rogers’ spokesman, told The Republic he created Defend Rural Arizona PAC in early December to help in the Senate race or competitive 1st and 2nd district races. PAC Treasurer James C. Thomas III also has close ties to Axiom Strategies, which is a longtime adviser to 2nd District Republican Rep. Martha McSally….	2023-11-26T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/8086
Ukraine reduces dependance on Russian gas Kyiv (QHA) - Ukraine is planning to import about 18 billion cbm of gas this year under the current contract with Gazprom and buy 8 bcm from Cypriot Ostchem Holding owned by Dmitry Firtash, reports Itar-Tass. “The amount of Russian gas to be imported in 2014 may be about 18 billion cubic meters or even less,” Naftogaz Ukrainy CEO Yevgeny Bakulin said. Minister of Energy and Coal Industry Eduard Stavitsky believes Kiev has “already made progress” in reducing its dependence on Russian natural gas and will “launch a second line for diversification of supplies” shortly. According to the Minister, the price of natural gas in Europe starts “from 350 U.S. dollars per 1,000 cubic meters, he said. - This is why we hope to lower the average annual price of gas per 1,000 cubic meters,” he added. As reported earlier, Ukraine has been receiving natural gas in reverse flows from Europe since November 1, 2012. The gas is supplied across the Ukrainian border with Poland under a contract with German RWE. To be noted, the European Union has promised assistance to Ukraine in diversifying natural gas supplies.	2024-05-25T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/7117
Q: App fails validation Why did I get this error? I have validated the app four times but I get the same result every time. A: Check your Bundle Identifier. Make sure your bundle identifier is correct. If that doesn't work I would double check that all your settings are correct in "Build Settings". For some reason when I added iCloud to my app, I altered my code signing settings.	2024-04-03T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/7398
Dietary assessment of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid intake in 4-7 year-old children. To investigate current dietary intakes of arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in healthy children between 4-7 years of age using a 3-day food record. Cross-sectional study investigating dietary intakes using food records. Parents were instructed to document all food and drink consumed by their child for 3 consecutive days. Healthy children (n = 91), 4-7 years of age, living in central Alberta, Canada were volunteered by their parents to participate in the study. Seventy-eight children completed the study. AA and DHA intakes were 57 +/- 35 mg/day and 37 +/- 63 mg/day, ranged between 1.2-180 mg/day and 0-350 mg/day and varied day to day at 0-380 mg/day and 0-991 mg/d, respectively. DHA intake was <or=30 mg/day for 74% of the subjects. Canadian children, 4-7 years of age and not living near a marine environment, have relatively low dietary intakes of AA and DHA. Retinal and neuronal development continues throughout childhood, therefore it is conceivable that low intake of AA and DHA may have a negative impact.	2023-12-23T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/3575
Case: 18-30724 Document: 00514904003 Page: 1 Date Filed: 04/05/2019 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit FILED April 5, 2019 No. 18-30724 Lyle W. Cayce Clerk BP EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION, INCORPORATED; BP AMERICA PRODUCTION COMPANY; BP, P.L.C., Requesting Parties - Appellants v. CLAIMANT ID 100237661, Objecting Party - Appellee Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana USDC No. 2:18-CV-4357 Before COSTA and ENGELHARDT, Circuit Judges. 1 GREGG COSTA, Circuit Judge:* BP again asks the courts to review an award of the Deepwater Horizon settlement program. Because there is neither a split in appeals panels nor any pressing question of settlement interpretation, the district court did not abuse its discretion when it declined to review this award. 1 This case is being decided by a quorum. See 28 U.S.C. § 46(d). * Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4. Case: 18-30724 Document: 00514904003 Page: 2 Date Filed: 04/05/2019 No. 18-30724 I. A. By now the facts of the April 2010 Deepwater Horizon explosion, and the litigation that promptly followed, are well known. See In re Deepwater Horizon, 732 F.3d 326, 329–330 (5th Cir. 2013) (Matching Decision). The many lawsuits filed were consolidated in the Eastern District of Louisiana. The parties reached the Economic and Property Damages Settlement Agreement, and the district court approved it. See generally In re Oil Spill by Oil Rig “Deepwater Horizon”, 910 F. Supp. 2d 891 (E.D. La. 2012), aff’d sub nom. In re Deepwater Horizon, 739 F.3d 790 (5th Cir. 2014). Individuals and entities that meet geographic and damages requirements are eligible to file claims in the court-supervised settlement program. The claims administrator, appointed by the court, verifies the claims according to standardized formulas to calculate their value. The claimant in this case is located in Zone D, the furthest zone from the spill. As a result, it must establish causation by satisfying one of the six tests included in Exhibit 4B of the Settlement Agreement. Claimant ID 100051301 v. BP Expl. & Prod., Inc., 694 F. App’x 236, 237 (5th Cir. 2017). Economic loss is shown by comparing variable profit, determined by subtracting variable monthly expenses from monthly revenue, in a pre-spill benchmark period of the claimant’s choosing to its variable profit during the same period in 2010. BP Expl. & Prod., Inc. v. Claimant ID 100217946, -- F.3d --, 2019 WL 1272523, at 1 (5th Cir. Mar. 18, 2019) (per curiam). Claimants or BP may appeal the claims administrator’s decision to one of the settlement program’s internal appeal panels. Either party may then petition the district court for review of that panel’s decision, but the settlement provides that the district court has the discretion to accept or decline such 2 Case: 18-30724 Document: 00514904003 Page: 3 Date Filed: 04/05/2019 No. 18-30724 appeals. In re Deepwater Horizon, 785 F.3d 1003, 1007 (5th Cir. 2015) (Nonprofit Decision). B. This claimant is the Community Foundation for Greater Jackson (CFGJ), a nonprofit located in Jackson, Mississippi. Its primary function is to help individuals and nonprofits set up trusts and endowments, solicit and manage money for those accounts, and ultimately distribute the acquired funds to designated entities. CFGJ receives a fee for the services it provides. CFGJ often operates through “Donor Advised Funds.” This allows individuals to create a fund and give to “the charities of their choice over a period of months, years or forever.” For nonprofits, CFGJ assists them in “managing and growing [their] endowments.” But CFGJ’s standard contract establishes that the funds donated belong to CFGJ and “the foundation shall have the ultimate authority and control of all property of the Fund, and the income derived therefrom, for the charitable purpose of the Foundation.” CFGJ filed a claim for relief for lost revenue due to the spill. After going back-and-forth with the Claims Administrator numerous times and providing additional information, the Administrator awarded CFGJ roughly $4.3 million. The Appeal Panel affirmed the award, and the district court denied discretionary review. BP appealed. II. We have been careful not to transform the Settlement Program’s right of discretionary review into a mandatory one. We will find an abuse of discretion if “the decision not reviewed by the district court actually contradicted or misapplied the Settlement Agreement, or had the clear potential to contradict or misapply the Settlement Agreement.” Holmes Motors, Inc. v. BP Expl. & Prod., Inc., 829 F.3d 313, 315 (5th Cir. 2016) (quotation omitted); see also In re Deepwater Horizon, 785 F.3d 986, 999 (5th Cir. 2015). One situation 3 Case: 18-30724 Document: 00514904003 Page: 4 Date Filed: 04/05/2019 No. 18-30724 warranting district court review is when an appeal raises an “important, recurring issue on which the Appeal Panels are split.” Claimant ID 100212278 v. BP Expl. & Prod., Inc., 848 F.3d 407, 410 (5th Cir. 2017). But the district court need not review appeals that “involve no pressing question of how the Settlement Agreement should be interpreted or implemented, but simply raise the correctness of a discretionary administrative decision in the facts of a single claimant’s case.” In re Deepwater Horizon, 641 F. App’x 405, 410 (5th Cir. 2016) (unpublished). BP makes two basic arguments for why the Appeal Panel got it wrong and the district court should have granted discretionary review. First, it argues money provided to CFGJ for distribution to another entity is not revenue that belongs to the Foundation. Instead, it simply passes through the Foundation to its final destination. In the alternative, if it is revenue, then BP argues that the revenue was insufficiently “matched” to the expenses, meaning all influxes of donations should be matched to the outlaying expense of making grants or paying out trusts. See generally Matching Decision, 732 F.3d 326. BP’s arguments are not novel. It made nearly identical arguments in another case we recently decided. See Claimant ID 100217946, 2019 WL 1272523, at 2. We affirmed the district court’s denial of discretionary review there, and nothing BP presents now convinces us that this case warrants different treatment. A. Under the Settlement Agreement, nonprofits are treated the same as for- profit businesses. Nonprofit Decision, 785 F.3d at 1014. Money they bring in through grants, fundraising, or donations is revenue just like money a company brings in through sales of goods. Id. at 1013. BP argues that CFGJ is different than the typical nonprofit. It contends that use of the money CFGJ brings in, aside from administrative fees, is restricted based on the donor’s 4 Case: 18-30724 Document: 00514904003 Page: 5 Date Filed: 04/05/2019 No. 18-30724 requests, meaning it should not qualify as revenue for the Foundation. It further argues that Appeal Panels are split on how to treat organizations that provide “pass through” funds like CFGJ. But we recently held that no such overarching split exists in another BP appeal challenging the treatment of donations to a nonprofit that “merely acts as a ‘fiduciary’ for the ultimate beneficiaries.” Claimant ID 100217946, 2019 WL 1272523, at 4 (quotation omitted). “For [a] ruling to create a conflict with the one now before us, it must have involved substantially identical claimants relying on substantially identical documentation.” Id. at 3 (quoting Claimant ID 100128765 v. BP Expl. & Prod., Inc., 709 F. App’x 771, 773 (5th Cir. 2017) (per curiam)). Different facts leading to different outcomes do not create a split. Nor do we see any evidence that the Appeal Panel “contradicted or misapplied the Settlement Agreement.” Holmes Motors, Inc., 829 F.3d at 315 (quotation omitted). The Appeal Panel heard and rejected BP’s argument that CFGJ was merely a pass-through conduit. It concluded that under the Foundation’s contracts with donors, CFGJ “becomes the owner of the donated funds and possesses the ultimate authority over how they will be distributed.” BP contests this characterization, but the district court was within its discretion to defer to the Appeal Panel’s factual determination on whether CFGJ had sufficient control of the funds. Claimant ID 100217946, 2019 WL 1272523, at 5. B. BP next argues that, even if all of the donations are revenue, the Appeal Panel did not properly match the donations with expenses. In order to insure the settlement is interpreted “in accordance with economic reality,” profit and loss statements generally must be “matched.” Matching Decision, 732 F.3d at 339. In a matched profit and loss statement, “costs follow revenue—which is 5 Case: 18-30724 Document: 00514904003 Page: 6 Date Filed: 04/05/2019 No. 18-30724 registered when generated or received—and this provides a clear picture of net income.” Claimant ID 100217946, 2019 WL 1272523, at 5. Policy 495 was created in response to Matching Decision to address unmatched revenues. On appeal, we approved the portion of the Policy relevant to this case: the Annual Variable Margin Methodology (AVMM). In re Deepwater Horizon, 858 F.3d 298, 300–01 (5th Cir. 2017). Simplifying, the AVMM requires claims administrators to “match all unmatched profit and loss statements.” Id. at 302. The Claims Administrator in this case used the AVMM to confirm the matching of profits and losses. And the Appeal Panel conducted its own review of CFGJ’s financial records, likewise failing to find any mismatch between revenue and expenses. As in the recent appeal of a nonprofit award we rejected, BP “has not identified any errors that should have been corrected, except for its blanket assertion that” all of the money CFGJ receives for trusts and endowments, other than its administrative fee, must be matched with certain expenses. Claimant ID 100217946, 2019 WL 1272523, at 5. The Claims Administrator used its usual accounting method and applied the AVMM to match unmatched funds. The Appeal Panel upheld that determination de novo, and the district court was within its discretion to defer to the Panel’s judgment. C. BP makes a few other arguments for why this case is significant, none of which carry the day. First, it notes the size of the award, which is large at over $4.3 million. But we recently made clear, in a case involving a far heftier $15 million award, that the size of the award alone will not make a case significant enough to require district court review. Claimant ID 100217946, 2019 WL 1272523, at 4. 6 Case: 18-30724 Document: 00514904003 Page: 7 Date Filed: 04/05/2019 No. 18-30724 Nor does the “unusually lengthy” Appeal Panel decision alter our analysis. If anything, it indicates the “Panel thoroughly considered all of BP’s arguments and assessed the documentation provided by Claimant to apply the Settlement Agreement.” Id. Lastly, in its request for discretionary review BP did not argue that there was a problem with double recovery. The district court cannot have abused its discretion in failing to grant review of an argument not before it. Id. *** We AFFIRM the district court’s denial of BP’s petition for discretionary review. 7	2023-12-10T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5798
Q: Typeahead plugin is not working I tried to find the possible problems but I could be missing something? Latest typeahead.js 0.10.5 plugin. Can't understand why typeahead is not working. Thank you. Here is the code <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>Home</title> <link href="~/Content/images/home.png" type="image/png" rel="icon" /> @Styles.Render("~/Content/css") @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/modernizr") </head> <body> <div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top" role="navigation"> <div class="container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-ex1-collapse"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" rel="home" href="#" title="Home">Home</a> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse navbar-ex1-collapse"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-6"> <form class="navbar-form" role="search" method="get" id="search-form" name="search-form"> <div class="btn-group pull-left"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown"> Action <span class="caret"></span> </button> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="input-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control typeahead" autocomplete="off" placeholder="Search..." id="query" name="query"> <div class="input-group-btn"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search"></span></button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> @RenderBody() </div> @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery") @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/bootstrap") @RenderSection("scripts", required: false) <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { $('input.typeahead').typeahead({ name: 'States', local: ["Alabama", "Alaska", "West Virginia", "Wisconsin", "Wyoming"] }); }); </script> </body> </html> And of course the BundleConfig with included typeahead.bundle.min.js: using System.Web; using System.Web.Optimization; namespace Homepage2 { public class BundleConfig { // For more information on bundling, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=301862 public static void RegisterBundles(BundleCollection bundles) { bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/jquery").Include( "~/Scripts/jquery-{version}.js")); bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/jqueryval").Include( "~/Scripts/jquery.validate")); // Use the development version of Modernizr to develop with and learn from. Then, when you're // ready for production, use the build tool at http://modernizr.com to pick only the tests you need. bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/modernizr").Include( "~/Scripts/modernizr-")); bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/bootstrap").Include( "~/Scripts/bootstrap.js", "~/Scripts/respond.js", "~/Scripts/typeahead.bundle.min.js")); bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/css").Include( "~/Content/bootstrap.css", "~/Content/site.css")); // Set EnableOptimizations to false for debugging. For more information, // visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=301862 BundleTable.EnableOptimizations = true; } } } A: I never used the plugin personally but looking through their documentation, I did not find the local option to set the dataset. Here is more information regarding how to set the dataset to the plugin. Typeahead.js Datasets Also, here is their basic setup example. Following those two and using the "source" option for dataset to setup your example, I came up with this. var substringMatcher = function(strs) { return function findMatches(q, cb) { var matches, substrRegex; // an array that will be populated with substring matches matches = []; // regex used to determine if a string contains the substring `q` substrRegex = new RegExp(q, 'i'); // iterate through the pool of strings and for any string that // contains the substring `q`, add it to the `matches` array $.each(strs, function(i, str) { if (substrRegex.test(str)) { // the typeahead jQuery plugin expects suggestions to a // JavaScript object, refer to typeahead docs for more info matches.push({ value: str }); } }); cb(matches); }; }; var states = ["Alabama", "Alaska", "West Virginia", "Wisconsin", "Wyoming"]; $('input.typeahead').typeahead({ hint: true, highlight: true, minLength: 1 }, { name: 'states', displayKey: 'value', source: substringMatcher(states) }); Here is the jsfiddle link. Let me know if that works.	2024-01-02T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/1097
This essay is heavily meta-textual and is a deconstruction and analysis of how Jason was painted as a character post-death (and resurrection). Obviously, Jason Todd can't literally be "blamed" for his own death by anyone, since as a fictional character he has no autonomy, and therefore cannot be guilty or innocent, blameless or deserving. Neither are we suggesting that anyone in the Bat-family canonically believes that Jason deserved to die. However, we will argue that a victim blaming attitude is pervasive in the way Jason's death was written about after the fact. Moreover, this victim blaming would not only be unjust in a real life context, it also requires the reader to ignore many vital plot details of A Death In The Family. The death of Jason Todd is one of the most iconic moments in Batman's history. The loss of his young partner is one of the greatest tragedies of Bruce Wayne's life, considered about as great as the deaths of his own parents when they were gunned down in front of him. Following Jason's death, the Dark Knight is tormented by his own failure to prevent it, and during the years afterwards, Jason was most frequently alluded to in the context of Bruce struggling with this guilt. However, Jason's death is also often described as the inevitable result of his own reckless and disobedient nature. Sometimes this goes even further, and Jason is implied to -- and readers are meant to assume -- that he was responsible for, or even deserving of his own fate. In Deadman: Dead Again #2, written by Steve Vance and released October 2001, Deadman/Boston Brand watches helplessly as Jason Todd is killed by the Joker. In this story, Jason and Deadman are ghosts. In the first panel, Deadman berates Batman, despite the fact that Batman cannot hear him. Deadman/Boston Brand: Where were you ten minutes ago, chump? What the hell were you thinking, letting Robin take on the Joker alone? I'd like to inhabit you and make you slug yourself over the head with a --Jason:No -- it's not his fault! I screwed up. I disobeyed his orders... went out on my own. Here, Jason is putting the blame on himself. What is victim blaming? This document, prepared by the Canadian Resource Centre for Crime explains it thoroughly. Some victims and survivors do do that to themselves, however, in reality, society will often blame a victim for transgressions they did and hold the victim partially or entirely responsible for their abuse, assault, murder, and so on. According to the article, survivors of homicides, like family members and friends, will even sometimes blame the victim in order to ease their own guilt. In essence, blaming the victim suggests that the victim deserved "what was coming to them" or "what they got." A common theory is that victim blaming arises from the human tendency to believe in a "just world." That is, people prefer to imagine that the universe is on balance a fair, reasonable place, and that human beings have more control over their fates than they actually do. So, in order to preserve their belief in this just world, people often imagine that victims must be somehow responsible for their own misfortune. The fictional worlds that people create often reflect this just world sensibility too; after all, there are no truly random events in fiction, all occur in order to serve the story and to express ideas. Many writers also feel that stories with a "moral" are more satisfying than stories in which tragedy happens for no reason - and this may explain why Jason has come to be routinely blamed for his own death, even though it is inconsistent with the facts of the original story. The idea has been put forward on more than one occasion that Jason's incompetence, recklessness, anger, hot-headedness, attitude, etc. got him killed. That he was essentially responsible for his own death. And unfortunately for Jason, this attitude of victim-blaming has retroactively tarnished his reputation as a crime-fighter and a hero, and even fuelled retcons that seek to paint him in a darker light even from the beginning of his career as Robin. An excellent example of this is seen in Batman 456, as then new Robin Tim Drake is attempting to solve a mystery and can’t seem to come up with the answer. He imagines former Robins Dick Grayson and Jason Todd speaking to him and chastising him for not being able to live up to the name of Robin. Jason:“Drop outs don’t make it and dead heroes are no use to anyone! I thought I knew better than Batman. I thought I could run before I could walk. I killed myself, Tim. Because I couldn’t wait. Because I couldn’t think it through.” But Jason, as we will explain in a few paragraphs, did think it through: he wanted to save his mother from the Joker. And although it is a hallucination, and is ostensibly cautioning Tim about failure, it is one more retcon that paints Jason as the one who failed, the one who wasn’t good enough and basically, the one who was the major contribution to his own demise. And in Teen Titans #29, written by Geoff Johns, Jason tells Tim that he failed. And note he says that right after he says he died, reinforcing the idea that his death was a failure on his part.Jason:It didn't surprise anyone when I died. When I failed. I failed -- but I'm still beating you. Batman's orders were specifically: You stay here and keep an eye on that warehouse until I return. Take no action until I get back! I repeat no action! Just for once, please listen to me, Jason! Don't tangle with the Joker alone! Wait for me to get back, please! To which Jason thinks: Sorry, Bruce. But that's my mother in there with that lunatic. Batman specifically ordered Jason not to engage the Joker alone. However, when his mother emerged from the building unharmed, Jason decided to go and talk to her, to explain that he knew she was being blackmailed by the Joker and to offer his help as Robin. It was at this point that she asked him to come into the warehouse, claiming that the Joker was no longer there. She lied. She betrayed him and sold him out to the Joker, which cost him his life. The Joker, being evil and insane, beat Robin with a crowbar and then blew him up to get to Batman because Robin is the closest person to Batman. Batman failed to get there in time to save Jason. There were many elements in A Death In The Family, but gradually Jason's demise came to have only one regularly used meaning: a sober warning to the Robins who followed. It seems that after his death, the writers tacitly agreed through retcons that Jason should be remembered as the Robin who killed himself through his own foolishness. However, in order for this meaning to work, one has to gloss over the actual events of A Death In The Family, which were propelled more by his mother’s betrayal than rashness on Jason's part. It's also interesting that the one of the most striking elements of the story - the betrayal itself - is very rarely addressed afterwards. This may be because the Batfamily aren't supposed to know precisely how Jason died, or more likely because the betrayal doesn't fit with Jason's symbolic position as "the Robin who killed himself." Additionally, Jason was not the only Robin to disobey orders, either. In Batman: The Return, written by Grant Morrison, Bruce tells Dick Grayson he can't work with Damian because Damian does not follow orders. Dick says: Bruce, come on! I made a career out of not doing anything I was told when I was Robin. It's also no secret that Jason in the role of Robin was not as well loved as Dick was by the fans. And of course, Dick was not killed in the field. This essay, however, is not meant to highlight what Dick could or could not do; but rather show that despite Jason disobeying orders as all Robins have done, it is because he died that it is consistently argued that he was incompetent or that in some way his character flaws resulted in his death. Jason was angry and rebellious, but there's no suggestion prior to his death that he was incompetent in the field. What he did do was deal out a harsher form of punishment to criminals and, in one instance, possibly kill a serial rapist. Yet, once he dies, that is forgotten and revisionist history makes us believe that because he died, he must not have been good enough. On top of that, the failure to save Jason was intended to be Batman's greatest failure; it was essentially a story of the hero's failure, not the victim or the sidekick's. In the A Death in the Family story arc, even as Bruce heads off to intercept a truckload of Joker toxin, he has misgivings about leaving Jason on his own. He says:"I'm already regretting leaving Jason behind. Something deep inside me is screaming that that was the wrong move." He knew that Jason was in danger, but he failed to listen to his instincts. There was also a failure on Bruce's part to recognize Jason's emotional/anger issues. Bruce himself had difficulty coping with his parents' deaths and that's part of the reason why he put on the cowl. When he saw Dick's parents' fall to their deaths, he believed he could offer him a way to cope, the same as he had. When Jason came along, Bruce took him in because the young teen had no one. Jason's adoptive mother, Catherine, had died of a drug overdose. His petty criminal father, unbeknownst to Jason at the time, had been killed by Two-Face. Again, Bruce assumed making Jason Robin would help him to cope with this loss. He also had selfish reasons for doing it -- he missed having a Robin around since Dick had grown up and become Nightwing. But remember, Bruce and Dick came from loving homes where they had the basic essentials to survive: food, shelter, clothing. Bruce came from a very wealthy family, and Dick from a happy, loving home in the circus, but Jason came from very meager means. We learn that Jason loved his parents, even nursed Catherine for a year and stole to keep her alive; and he was angry, hurt and upset when he learned of his father's murder. But of them loving him back in return, we have little knowledge. And no two persons in reality cope the same way, so naturally, two different characters may cope differently when faced with similar situations. Children like Jason, deprived of a stable upbringing, often have greater difficulty coping with and recovering from traumatic events than others do. In Stress, Coping and Development in Children, it's explained that temperament, familial support and other sources of external support are the most reliable predictors of child and adolescent adjustment following stress and/or trauma. Children with "difficult" temperaments are more likely to cope poorly in response to trauma, as are those who lack family support. (Garmezy & Rutter (eds.) (1983) Stress, Coping and Development in Children. New York: McGraw-Hill) Jason could very well be described as having a difficult temperament, and on top of that, he lived alone for nearly a year after he was orphaned (while his dad was in jail and his stepmother had died), seemingly without any external support. But Bruce ignored the many signs that Jason was not adjusting well to his role as Robin. Jason had arguably suffered more from the effects of crime and poverty than anyone else in the Batfamily. After the death of his parents, he lived alone in Crime Alley without adult protection, and had already been forced to compromise his own moral values by stealing to survive. "Hey, I don't wanna learn to be no crook. I just boost what it takes to survive..." Jason says to Batman in Batman 409. Most crucially, Bruce ignored Jason's propensity towards anger and violence. Upon discovering Jason brutally beating a pimp, the following exchange took place in Batman 422:Bruce:"I think he's had enough Robin. What were you trying to do, kill him?"Jason:"Would it have been that big of a loss if I had?"Bruce (to himself):"What's going on in that head of yours, Jason?" However, following this incident, Bruce made no serious attempt to discover exactly what was going on inside Jason's head. Neither did he truly listen to Jason's frustration and anger with the justice system and its failures. It is not surprising that a boy with Jason's background would have a radically different attitude to criminals and crime fighting than Bruce or Dick, but Bruce refused to fully engage in moral discussions with him.Even after Bruce suspect that Jason may have allowed a serial rapist to fall to his death (or even pushed him himself), he did not suspend Jason's crime-fighting activities. He refused to accept that being Robin was not a suitable outlet for Jason's rage until their working relationship reached its absolute breaking point, at the beginning of A Death in the Family. And then Jason died. And Bruce did blame himself, which is something real survivors often do. But he, and other supporting characters, were more than willing to also lay blame at the victim's feet. Here's a scene from Nightwing #99, written by Devin Grayson, where Dick is speaking to Bruce: Dick:But Jason didn't know what the hell he was doing or why In the context of this discussion, Dick is blaming Bruce for failing to impart the same clear moral code to Jason that he felt he himself understood when he was Robin. But his choice of words in “didn't know what the hell he was doing” also carry the implication, again, that Jason was incompetent or not sufficiently gifted enough to be Robin. And as mentioned before, the theme of Jason's incompetence is one that gained more traction after his death, fuelled in part by the very idea that he failed to save his own life. This idea surfaces again and again in the DCU comics – even in the midst of Bruce's guilt and self-blame, the text is scattered with suggestions that Jason should share some or all of that blame.In Gotham Knights #44, written by Scott Beatty, when Bruce returns home from the Middle East without Jason, Alfred tells him: "It's not your fault. The lad was determined to disobey you." Alfred:And then you went and found another child with vengeance in his heart. I told you this could very well end in disaster. I warned you. I did everything but beg and plead. "It's not your fault. The lad was determined to disobey you." Here, Alfred blames Bruce in his internal monologue, but then chooses to comfort him by saying that Jason's death was not his fault, instead describing it as the inevitable consequence of Jason's disobedience. The implication that the reader is expected to garner is that Jason's reckless, rebellious nature was the direct cause his own death – rather than the tragic (and rather improbable) convergence of coincidences that it in fact was. In Detective Comics #790, written by Andersen Gabrych, Batman visits Jason's gravesite on Jason's 18th birthday. Batgirl Cassandra Cain attends with him. At this moment, it should be noted that Jason is not the only Robin to be blamed or believed to be at fault for his/her death. Stephanie Brown, too, was blamed for being incompetent, reckless, and held responsible for starting a gang war – although this was in part because Batman, her field commander and mentor, deliberately withheld vital information from her. Stephanie was tortured and mutilated by Black Mask and was believed* to have been killed by him. Again, the fault was assigned to her, the victim, and not the insane and evil Black Mask. See Project Girl Wonder for more information. (*Note: Stephanie was later revealed to have not been tortured to death, but in Africa with Dr. Leslie Thompkins. She was still tortured and mutilated and was considered deceased from the period of 2004 until it was revealed in 2008 that she was not dead) In these first few panels, Batman, in an attempt to note the similarities between Jason and Stephanie, calls Stephanie "reckless" and one who "doesn't know when to quit." In these next two panels, Bruce says Jason was "brash. Impulsive. Headstrong. Never looking before he leapt." The way it reads is that these appear to be bad characteristics that directly led to his death. Rather than respect Jason (and Stephanie) as heroic, or at the very least playing a heroic role, the attitude of victim blaming is continually reiterated in the text by other superheroes in the crime-fighting community. Again, here we have Adventure Comics #3, written by Geoff Johns as well, from 2009. In this, Superboy questions Tim Drake on why he chose to wear the Red Robin costume. Conner calls Jason both the "bad Robin" and the "failed Robin." DC Comics needed a Robin who looked like Dick Grayson and Jason Todd had -- dark hair, white skin, male -- and equally importantly, he had to be obviously distinct from the "uneducated children" which the readers had been coached into disliking. On his first visit to Wayne Manor, Tim gazes around, wide-eyed, before remarking"Gosh -- you know, I've seen pictures of this place, but it's even bigger and better than I thought.Oh, my -- there's the Renoir Mr. Wayne bought last year. I read about that in Art World Today .He's got an Erte ? Oh, I love his stuff. My dad bought an Erte litho last year... But this is a statue . Mr. Pennyworth, Dick, please, can I see the rest of the house?" Borsellino continues by saying: When Urricchio and Pearson, in the closing chapter of The Many Lives of the Batman, refer to the differences between the "often clearly ethnic" thugs who menace Gotham and the "Graysons, Todds and Drakes, with their blue eyes, firm chins, straight noses, noble brows, and Anglo names," they write without a knowledge of the less immediately evident (but deeply textually ingrained) class distinctions between the Robins.Denny O'Neil described Jason as "an arrogant little snot" on more than one occasion, citing his rough, slangy speech and abrasive personality as reasons why the character had earned himself such a grim fate. Contrast this disruptive, unruly force with the well-spoken character of Tim. Where Jason was homeless and orphaned, Tim is from a wealthy family -- his father can afford to buy an Erte lithograph. And Tim is very much an educated child: he reads Art World Today. In an early Robin mini-series, written in 1990 by Chuck Dixon, before Tim was featured in his own ongoing Robin comic, Tim questions whether he's good enough to be Robin, particularly in the wake of Jason's death. Bruce tells him: I don't need an impulsive partner, someone who jumps in without considering the consequences. That's not what I'm looking for, Tim. It is, in essence, suggesting that to fail is to not be worthy of the name Robin. And in part, implying that because Jason "failed" or "died" he just wasn't worthy of the title, or couldn't live up to the honour and prestige the title of Robin holds. As Batman said to Dick in Frank Miller's futuristic tale The Dark Knight Strikes Again, it's implying Jason simply "couldn't cut the mustard." Such an act of selflessness that Jason did, to save his mother -- who had betrayed him in the first place -- and die doing so should afford him the benefit of being called a hero. And yes, Tim believed Jason to be a hero and Jason's memorial and grave suggest as such. But fans and characters of that universe are also led to believe that Jason is still somehow responsible for his own demise. The idea that Jason got himself killed because he disobeyed orders is one that's often repeated by creators, right down to their letter to an eight-year-old girl who said she cried "for a whole day" after learning of Robin's death. Notably, DC has never done another 1-900 vote-in on a character's demise or anything else related to a call-in stunt because of a character since Jason's death. The comic creators and editors were blasted by fans and the media for the stunt. Denny O'Neil, then editor who oversaw Jason's death, spoke about this on the Blu-Ray Documentary for Under the Red Hood. O'Neil even blames a caller who is rumoured to have dialed the 1-900 hotline number over and over again to kill Jason. Yet, it was O'Neil's idea to create the 1-900 call-in stunt in the first place. Here's what O'Neil had to say in the foreword of Robin: Tragedy and Triumph: The comment O'Neil makes is, "he was an interesting, and somewhat spooky case of a fictional character seizing control of his own destiny. Nobody ever decreed he be less likeable than his predecessor..." Because interestingly, that is in fact, what was decreed. In an interview for The Many Lives of the Batman, edited by Roberta E. Pearson and William Uricchio, O’Neil said they actually played up the idea of making Jason “bratty”: I think that once writers became aware the fans didn’t like Jason Todd, they began to make him bratty. I toned some of it down. If I had to do it again, I would tone it down more. But you make these decisions from hour to hour and sometimes not under the best conditions. So we did a story, for example, in which it was left vague as to whether or not Jason pushed someone off a balcony. The writer, Jim Starlin, thought he did—I thought he didn’t, but we let the reader decide. There was certainly no doubt that throughout much of the story he wanted to push this guy off of the balcony. And then when we were building up to the death of Robin we made him rebellious—he ran away, and in a way he got what he was asking for. He disobeyed Batman twice, and that’s what led his demise. (via OzandEnds/WeeklyRobin blogspot) It's troubling that O'Neil's view of Jason as “less likeable” and a “disagreeable problem child” seem so closely tied to his realistic portrayal as a troubled youth from a severely impoverished background. And again, O'Neil focuses on Jason's transgressions, but what's worse, actually comes out and says: "in a way, he got what he was asking for." Does disobedience really deserve death? Most parents would say a time-out, some might even opt for removing privileges or grounding a child. But in Jason's case, it clearly means capital punishment, and boy, oh boy, did he deserve it! The idea that Jason got what he deserved even made its way explicitly onto the printed page, in the form of the Joker's commentary as he bludgeons Jason. The Joker calls Jason a "bad boy,” and whimsically describes his brutal beating as both a "punishment" and a "severe spanking.” Although Starlin chose to put these words into the mouth of the villain, ostensibly the unreliable voice of "anti-reason,” they could be read as a darkly humourous reflection of the real life views of Starlin and O'Neil. Joker: “That wasn’t a very nice thing to do to Uncle Joker. You’ve been a bad boy. You must be punished. Prepare yourself for a severe spanking, young man. But let me tell you right from the start... This is going to hurt you a lot more than it does me.” Starlin, who wrote Jason in Batman issues up to and including A Death in the Family, stated he didn't like the idea of Robin or a kid sidekick. Starlin in an interview with Universo HQ:I wanted to kill off Robin as soon as I started writing Batman. The idea of taking a kid along to fight crime is ludicrous. And, in an interview with Adelaide Comics, he says he wanted to kill off Robin so badly that he pitched a story about "giving Robin AIDS."At one point DC had this AIDS book they wanted to do. They sent around memos to everybody saying “What character do you think we should, you know, have him get AIDS and do this dramatic thing” and they never ended up doing this project. I kept sending them things saying “Oh, do Robin! Do Robin!” Starlin’s frank proclamation that he intended to kill Robin right from the beginning of his run belies O’Neil’s attempt to frame Jason’s demise as an organic development rooted in his essential character. The death of Jason Todd was not a “case of a fictional character taking control of his own destiny,” but a long-planned outcome. Jason was doomed from the outset, written as he was by a creative and editorial team who were no longer sure what purpose the character of Robin was supposed to serve. It seems as though it was much easier for the editorial team of Starlin and O’Neil to blame an individual character for the “failure” than to admit that who or what Robin in the modern era should be was in a state of uncertainty. Unfortunately, for Jason, the victim blaming has not only held the character accountable for his demise, but has also had a detrimental effect on his reputation among his fellow crime-fighters, and has birthed retcons that attempt to paint him as a bad seed from the very start. And, really, who decides -- or should be the decision maker in a fictional character's life and death? Not the character, but the creators. Yet, this is an attempt on the editors part to shift the blame, once again, to Jason -- a fictional character.	2024-01-04T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/6822
--TEST-- "if" creates a condition --TEMPLATE-- {% if a is defined %} {{ a }} {% elseif b is defined %} {{ b }} {% else %} NOTHING {% endif %} --DATA-- return ['a' => 'a'] --EXPECT-- a --DATA-- return ['b' => 'b'] --EXPECT-- b --DATA-- return [] --EXPECT-- NOTHING	2024-07-24T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/7494
Tyson repeats her work as Carrie Watts in the production that also features Tony nominee Vanessa Williams, who co-starred in the recent Broadway mounting. The two are joined by Blair Underwood and Keke Palmer. Michael Wilson, who directed the stage production, repeats his work for the TV film. "The Trip to Bountiful" airs at 8 PM ET on March 8, with repeat broadcasts to follow March 9 at 12 AM, March 9 at 9 PM and March 10 at 1 AM.	2024-03-12T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/7945
Drink-Driving Top Cop Who Killed Woman In Gun Selfies A police chief who allegedly killed a young female driver after he smashed into her car while drink-driving on duty has come under further scrutiny for posting bizarre social media snaps with his gun. Reports state chief inspector Peter Gawronska, 51, had been driving with a colleague at his side in his patrol car with sirens on at speeds of up to 83mph in the streets of the German capital of Berlin just before the incident. He reportedly crashed his car into 21-year-old Fabien M.’s Renault Clio at a speed of just over 55mph while the young woman was trying to park her car at the side of the road. Pictures Credit: CEN Fabien M.’s car was hit on the driver’s side and she died at the scene from her injuries. An internal investigation against the chief inspector has now been launched into his role in the deadly car accident as well as into his overall behaviour as a cop. Gawronska was himself injured in the accident and taken to a hospital where doctors performed a blood alcohol test. The test reportedly showed Gawronska had a blood alcohol level of around 1 promille – well over the 0.5 promille which in Germany marks a traffic offence and lands the driver a temporary driving ban if caught. The test results were however never published until now – more than one year after the accident –as a brave hospital nurse leaked the results to the public prosecutor’s office. It means that Gawronska, who was previously only investigated for negligent homicide, will now be investigated for both negligent homicide and endangering road traffic by drink driving. Lawyer Matthias Hardt, who represents Fabien M.’s relatives, spoke of a “terrible judicial scandal” and demanded an indictment of the chief inspector on charges of manslaughter and hit-and-run driving. Burkard Dregger, the chief of the Christian-Democratic Union (CDU) party in Berlin, was among the many politicians calling for a full and transparent police investigation “so that it what went wrong is clarified”. A source within the Berlin police said that all those involved in the crash will now face further questioning over what they knew about Gawronska’s drunk state as “we want to know how it really was – with all the possible consequences”. Those who will be questioned are the female colleague who was sitting next to Gawronska in the passenger seat and the doctors and nurses at the hospital where he was taken for treatment. According to local media, Gawronska is a conspicuous figure within the Berlin police due to his grey goatee beard and the unusual social media snaps he frequently posts. In some pictures, Gawronska is seen holding a gun to his own head and pointing it at a friend’s head with his arm around his neck. A selfie Gawronska posted of himself staring at the camera while wearing a hoodie even became a popular tattoo around the world after a tattoo artist in Colorado stole his image and started tattooing it on clients’ arms. Gawronska said at the time he was “not sure yet if I am proud or angry” about his face being used as a popular tattoo motif as “it could also be a prisoner dotting my portrait”. A police spokeswoman said that “currently we cannot comment about the case” when asked whether or not Gawronska’s superiors knew about his unprofessional social media presence. Chief of the German Police Union Rainer Wendt said such snaps are a grey area and it is principally a matter of taste. Wendt said: “Civil service law regulates how the police officer should behave inside and outside the service. He must act so that reputational damage to the police is excluded. He must abide by the good-conduct obligation.” The union chief said that “holding a gun to your head would have to be judged first” whether or not it damages the reputation of the police. According to local media, Gawronska has been taken off duty and the Berlin police have started disciplinary action against him, which could lead to his dismissal from the force.	2024-06-14T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/7549
Co-Rich ZnCoO Nanoparticles Embedded in Wurtzite Zn1-xCoxO Thin Films: Possible Origin of Superconductivity. Co-rich ZnCoO nanoparticles embedded in wurtzite Zn0.7Co0.3O thin films are grown by pulsed laser deposition on a Si substrate. Local superconductivity with an onset Tc at 5.9 K is demonstrated in the hybrid system. The unexpected superconductivity probably results from Co3+ in the Co-rich ZnCoO nanoparticles or from the interface between the Co-rich nanoparticles and the Zn0.7Co0.3O matrix.	2024-04-25T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5095
Q: Deploy web site via Git I work on a team of web developers. We each have a personal web site set up in our home directories on the development server. We want to convert them to git working repos so we can branch, rebase, and generally enjoy the benefits of git goodness. In reading online, there's a couple of options: 1) create a bare repo that syncs to the working repo in www/ via a post-receive hook 2) push directly to the working repo Problem with option 1 is it doesn't handle branching well. When we push a branch other than master, the post-receive hook still only syncs master so our changes never appear on the development site. Problem with option 2 is git disallows pushing to a checked-out branch to prevent a detached HEAD state. In reading around the web, the "best practice" solution to option 2 goes something like this: 1) on CLIENT push to dummy branch 2) on SERVER merge dummy into master... BUZZZZ wrong answer. Assume the end users don't have shell access to the server. So I thought, "no problem, just create a post receive hook like this": #!/bin/bash read oldSHA newSHA branch git merge $branch Now here's the weird part: when the post-receive hook executes I get Please, commit your changes or stash them before you can merge. Yes, I have confirmed that master is the checked-out branch on the server, and that the dummy branch has been updated correctly. When I run the very same command (git merge dummy) directly on the server, everything works fine. Can anyone explain why? Thanks in advance. EDIT 1 Here are the results of git status, both pre-merge and post-merge Counting objects: 5, done. Delta compression using up to 8 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done. Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 307 bytes, done. Total 3 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0) remote: ** PRE MERGE remote: # On branch master remote: # Untracked files: remote: # (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) remote: # remote: # COMMIT_EDITMSG remote: # FETCH_HEAD remote: # HEAD remote: # ORIG_HEAD remote: # config remote: # description remote: # hooks/ remote: # index remote: # info/ remote: # logs/ remote: # objects/ remote: # packed-refs remote: # refs/ remote: no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a") remote: error: Your local changes to the following files would be overwritten by merge: remote: index.htm remote: Please, commit your changes or stash them before you can merge. remote: Aborting remote: POST MERGE ** remote: # On branch master remote: # Changes not staged for commit: remote: # (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) remote: # (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) remote: # remote: # modified: index.htm remote: # remote: # Untracked files: remote: # (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) remote: # remote: # COMMIT_EDITMSG remote: # FETCH_HEAD remote: # HEAD remote: # ORIG_HEAD remote: # config remote: # description remote: # hooks/ remote: # index remote: # info/ remote: # logs/ remote: # objects/ remote: # packed-refs remote: # refs/ remote: no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a") Note that I can do a manual git add ., git commit -m "foo" and re-do this process with the same result A: In one of those "DUH!" moments, I realized I could use option 1 and just pass the branch name in like I was attempting with option 2. So, I created a /home/username/www.git bare repository, cloned it to /home/username/www and added a post-receive hook to /home/username/www.git that looks something like this: #!/bin/bash read oldSHA newSHA branch git --git-dir="/home/username/www/.git" --work-tree="/home/username/www" pull /home/username/www.git $branch Then I changed my remote to ssh://username@example.com/home/username/www.git (the bare reop, not the working one) and push to that remote via: git push remoteName branchName Voila! Everything works. The actual post-receive code is more complex as I use some error traps and variables for the directory names (so they can be deployed to any user), but you get the idea. (Be careful to distinguish between www/.git and www.git when reading the code samples.)	2023-11-09T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/7689
keywords: Rudd 'In discussing Australia's asylum seeker policies Frank laments the government's deaf ear to calls from the churches, his own included, for a greater measure of compassion and a better way of dealing with the issue of boat people. Frank wryly comments: 'If only the Abbott Government with its disproportionate number of Jesuit alumni cabinet ministers could listen.' Paul Bongiorno launches Fr Frank Brennan SJ's book Amplifying That Still, Small Voice at the Australian Centre for Christianity and Culture, Canberra, 8 June 2015. The lesson from the trials of Boston Bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev and the Bali nine is that the death penalty is always political and macabre. In the US, Justice Scalia was not at all minded to consider the merits of the argument about the effects of the drug Midazolam because he thought the case was all part of a long term political campaign to delegitimise the death penalty. The Greens' leadership transition is seen as a switch from hard-line ideology to political pragmatism. Previous Greens leaders have been fond of judgmental rhetoric, somewhat foolishly referring to those in the high-level carbon emitting legacy industries as 'polluters'. Perhaps Richard Di Natale will give such counter-productive personal abuse a rest. Showing mercy to the polluters' may yield surprising turnarounds such as AGL's recent moves from coal to solar energy. Mrs Cowling was formidable. Her significant physical presence was accentuated by a commanding mien, impeccable English enunciation, and an impressive depth and breadth of literary reference supporting rock-firm opinions. All these years later, I wonder just how burdened she was in teaching literature to Australian students, which she continued to do into her 80th year, by her husband's notoriety. Prime Minister Abbott's National Security Statement quite rightly spoke of threats to Australia and the need to address them. Many of his utterances might seem uncontroversial: 'Those who live here must be as tolerant of others as we are of them'. But in fact they ignore the way people 'who come here' are treated according to 'how' they came here. The language used to describe them reflects an attitude that is far from tolerant. The ancient Chinese text the Zhuangzi tells of a kingdom where the people rose up and killed their ruler three times in succession. Australia has seen two of its rulers 'killed' in succession since 2010, with a third now perilously close to extinction. Are we approaching a point where the highest expression of political wisdom would be not to run for leadership at all? The Coalition Government falsely claims that Medicare co-payments and cuts to welfare and publicly funded institutions such as the CSIRO and the ABC are necessary to 'fix Labor's mess'. There are indeed structural problems with the economy, but essentially the plan is to strip the public sector by cutting universal access to a range of services that also includes tertiary education, to create a dominant free market that marginalises Australians on low incomes. Queensland’s new premier is a plain-spoken, modest woman with a ‘foreign’ name. She was triumphant after the self-confident three year reign of Campbell Newman. Tony Abbott also did his bit for the Queensland result, as a man of power who characteristically overreaches and is yet to learn the lesson that the right to rule has to be earned, every day, from the people. Wayne was a no nonsense fellow with a real commitment to justice for Aboriginal Australians during the difficult Bjelke-Petersen days in Queensland. He put himself on the line, and would always come back to the office with a smile and a joke about the latest put down he suffered at the hands of the unforgiving magistrate not much given to pleas invoking past dispossession. He was irrepressible. He knew there had to be a better way. The ACL's recent national conference was held in Canberra and featured Opposition Leader Bill Shorten as keynote speaker. Appearances at the lobby's conferences have become something of a political rite of passage in recent years. Despite serious academic criticism from Professor Rodney Smith of the University of Sydney questioning its claims to political influence, it is now established in the top echelon of lobbying groups. Former Immigration Minister Senator Chris Evans once expressed concern about how much personal power was vested in his position when making decisions about particular cases. The current Minister, on the other hand, is trying to increase the number of such powers, and is much more likely to use the ministerial trump card to avoid judicial scrutiny. In a parliamentary system that relies on the checks and balances between the Parliament, Executive and Judiciary, one arm of government should not be able to overrule another. Successive Australian Governments have created fictions that aim to exclude asylum seekers. The latest example is the case of Baby Ferouz, whose protection visa application was refused in the Federal Circuit Court last week. Normally, a child born in Australia is considered to have the same visa as their parents. But Ferouz’s parents had no visa, so lawyers in Brisbane arranged for her to apply for a protection visa.	2024-03-22T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5861
What are the prime factors of l? 2, 19 Let s(b) = b*2 - 6b - 11. List the prime factors of s(8). 5 Let y = 1 - 40. Let r = 61 + y. Suppose r = 4z + 2. What are the prime factors of z? 5 Let d(m) = m - 1. Let v be d(7). List the prime factors of (-124)/(-6) + (-4)/v. 2, 5 Let i = -408 + 622. List the prime factors of i. 2, 107 Suppose 3l - 111 = -3j + 168, 4l + 388 = 4j. List the prime factors of j. 5, 19 Suppose -5m - f + 6f = -120, m + 4f - 39 = 0. What are the prime factors of m? 3 Suppose -2h + 20 = 2h. Suppose 4w - 8 = 0, hf + w + w = 184. What are the prime factors of f? 2, 3 Suppose 6p - 25 = p. Suppose pm + 20 = m. Let c = m + 9. What are the prime factors of c? 2 Let l(c) be the second derivative of 2c3/3 - 10c*2 + c. What are the prime factors of l(14)? 2, 3 Let l = 18 + -11. Let y = -2 + l. Suppose -2u = -3d + 4d - 1, 0 = -u + yd + 17. List the prime factors of u. 2 Suppose -u = -4z - 15, -90 = -3u - 3z + 30. Suppose -3h = 2y + 102 - 35, 5h + 5y + 110 = 0. Let o = u + h. What are the prime factors of o? 2, 3 List the prime factors of (67/4)/(-6 - (-49)/8). 2, 67 Let v(r) = r*2 - r + 42. List the prime factors of v(0). 2, 3, 7 What are the prime factors of 468/33 + (-8)/44? 2, 7 Let n = -15 + 21. Suppose -c = -nc + 45. What are the prime factors of c? 3 Let u be 7/(-3) + (-2)/3. Let k(q) = q*2 - 3q - 3. List the prime factors of k(u). 3, 5 Let k be (4/6)/(2/33). Suppose 0 = -2w - 3h + k, -4w + 15 = -w + 5h. List the prime factors of w. 2, 5 Suppose -3j + 1 + 9 = 4s, 2s = -2j + 8. List the prime factors of j. 2, 3 Let d = 90 + -17. Suppose 0 = 3r - d - 71. What are the prime factors of r? 2, 3 Suppose -4i + 38 + 67 = -3z, -4z + 50 = i. List the prime factors of i. 2, 3, 5 Let k(q) = q - 4. Let b be (-2)/4(-1 - 13). Let u be k(b). Let r = u + 12. What are the prime factors of r? 3, 5 Let a(q) = q2 + q - 3. Let z be a(0). Let p = 8 + z. List the prime factors of p. 5 Let o = 19 + -6. List the prime factors of o. 13 Let w(v) = -v3 + 2v*2 + 3v. Let k be (5 + -8)4/6. List the prime factors of w(k). 2, 5 Let u(s) = s3 + 4s*2 - 2s - 3. Let h be u(-3). Suppose -4b + h = -b. Suppose -a = ba - 65. What are the prime factors of a? 13 Suppose 9p + 0p = 369. What are the prime factors of p? 41 Let k be (-2)/(-4) - 8/(-16). Let j = 1 - k. Suppose j = -4f + 3q + 79, -5f + 97 = -0f - 2q. List the prime factors of f. 19 Let i be (-304)/6 - 2/6. Let c = -35 - i. List the prime factors of c. 2 Let n be 2 - (-3 + 0 + 2). Suppose 0 = -2f - nf + 65. List the prime factors of f. 13 List the prime factors of 66/(-4)(9 + -11). 3, 11 Let j(y) = y - 12. Let d be j(7). Let b(w) = -w*2 - 7w - 2. Let n be b(d). Suppose -q = -2q + n. List the prime factors of q. 2 Let w(y) = -2y - 2 + 0 + 6y. What are the prime factors of w(4)? 2, 7 Suppose -5j = 6x - 2x - 99, -3j = x - 65. What are the prime factors of j? 23 What are the prime factors of (-2775)/(-9) - (-2)/(-6)? 2, 7, 11 Let s(z) = z2 - z. Let h be s(1). Suppose hg + 21 = 3g. List the prime factors of g. 7 Let p be 9/(-3) - (-8)/(-1). Let i(u) = -u3 - 12u*2 - 13u - 11. List the prime factors of i(p). 11 Suppose 7x - 3x = -u + 163, -5x = 3u - 209. List the prime factors of x. 2, 5 Let h be 1158/14 + (-10)/(-35). Suppose 0 = 4a - 49 - h. What are the prime factors of a? 3, 11 List the prime factors of (-1)/(-6) + (-94)/(-12). 2 Suppose 5a + v + 3v = 345, 2a + v = 135. Suppose -5b - 25 = -a. List the prime factors of b. 2 Let u(b) = b3 + 5b2 - b - 6. Let q be u(-5). Let f(h) = -h2 - 2h. Let w be f(q). What are the prime factors of (w - -1 - 1) + 7? 2 Let g(p) = 2p*2 - 11p - 13. List the prime factors of g(7). 2 Let n(f) = -f*2 - 8f. Let o be n(-7). Let g be (2 - (0 + 1))/(-1). Let c = o + g. What are the prime factors of c? 2, 3 Let r(w) = -4w - 6. What are the prime factors of r(-16)? 2, 29 Suppose r + 2i - 40 = -2r, -30 = -4r + 2i. Let o = r + -6. What are the prime factors of o? 2 Let p = 50 - 23. List the prime factors of p. 3 Suppose 0 = 3c + y - 308, -10y = c - 6y - 121. List the prime factors of c. 101 Let x(l) = l3 - l + 5. Let w(i) = i2 + 4i + 6. Let c be w(-4). Let k be (-6)/9 - (-4)/c. What are the prime factors of x(k)? 5 Let i = 4 + -8. Let r be i/6 + (-68)/6. List the prime factors of 2 + -2 - r/2. 2, 3 Suppose -4r + r + 15 = 0. List the prime factors of r. 5 Let k(a) = a*3 + 7a*2 - 8a + 6. Let d be k(-8). Let q = d + 2. List the prime factors of q. 2 Suppose -n = -3n + 3y - 20, -2y - 31 = 5n. Let g = 9 + n. What are the prime factors of g? 2 Suppose 5y + 5g = 0, -4y - 2g + 1 = -5. Suppose 28 = -4l + m, -yl = -7l - 4m - 8. Let z = 1 - l. List the prime factors of z. 7 Let s = 3 - 3. Let j be s/(-1) - (1 + 2). List the prime factors of (j/6)/((-1)/26). 13 Suppose k - 4 = -g - 1, -k + 3 = 0. Let p(b) = b*3 + b + 2. Let w be p(g). Suppose -wq = -q - 10. List the prime factors of q. 2, 5 Suppose -5l + 6 = -q + 21, 7 = 3q + 4l. Let c = q - 3. What are the prime factors of c? 2 Let j = 24 + -8. Suppose 0 = 6a - 2a - j. Suppose -ac = -16 - 12. What are the prime factors of c? 7 Suppose 2i + l = -0l + 16, -3l = 2i - 24. Let k(f) = 4 - 4f - i + f. List the prime factors of k(-4). 2, 5 Let f be (-4)/(-10)-3-5. Suppose -f + 31 = -s. List the prime factors of s2(-3)/15. 2, 5 Let v = 41 - -1. What are the prime factors of (2/6)/(2/v)? 7 Let h be (-6)/942/(-4). Suppose -4g - 120 = -hg. List the prime factors of g. 2, 5 Let a = -7 - -5. What are the prime factors of 23 + -2 + a + 5? 2, 3 Suppose -2d + 22 = 2b, 5 = d - 4b + 2b. Let p be (-6 - -8) + (0 - 0). What are the prime factors of p/(2 - d/6)? 2 Let o be 11(-3 + 3). Suppose 0 = -a - o + 39. What are the prime factors of a? 3, 13 Let t be (56 - -1) + 0 + 3. Suppose -3q + 4m + t = 4, -3m - 54 = -3q. What are the prime factors of q? 2 Suppose -3t = t - 8. Suppose -17 = -3l + o, -2l - 2l - 3o + 1 = 0. Suppose -32 - 10 = -3c + td, -5c + ld + 70 = 0. What are the prime factors of c? 2, 7 Suppose 9h - 12 = 4h + 4w, 0 = -h - 3w - 9. Suppose 6 = -3n - hn + 5t, 5n - 3 = 4t. List the prime factors of n. 3 Suppose 5b - 2o = 120, -5o + 39 = -2b + 108. List the prime factors of b. 2, 11 Let b be -1(0 + (-9)/3). Suppose 5j = j - bu + 134, -5j + 168 = 4u. List the prime factors of j. 2 Let p = -12 + 8. List the prime factors of (-57)/(-6) - (-2)/p. 3 Suppose 0k - 5k + 14 = 2b, 4k = 8. Suppose -2r + g = 33, 0 = 3r - bg + 41 + 10. Let z = 27 + r. What are the prime factors of z? 2, 3 Let l = 141 - 100. Let p = l + -11. Suppose -15 = -5u + p. What are the prime factors of u? 3 Let o = 13 + 79. List the prime factors of o. 2, 23 Let g be (-16)/(-3)(2 - -4). What are the prime factors of (-1 - 0)/((-1)/g)? 2 Suppose 4j = 15 + 1. Suppose -d + r = 2r - 19, -5d - jr = -99. List the prime factors of d. 23 Suppose 2m + 10 = -3m. Let d = -3 - m. What are the prime factors of 14/4 - d/2? 2 Suppose 141 - 33 = -4y. What are the prime factors of (y/4)/((-5)/20)? 3 Suppose 4w = -5b - 108, 5w - 87 = 3b - 0b. Let l = -9 - b. List the prime factors of l. 3, 5 Let t = 34 - 61. Let c = -12 + 50. Let v = c + t. List the prime factors of v. 11 Let t(r) = -29r - 26. What are the prime factors of t(-8)? 2, 103 Let r(y) = -5y*3 - 3y2 + y - 6. List the prime factors of r(-3). 3, 11 Let w(i) = i2 - i + 2. Let r be w(4). Suppose -s = -g - 5, -g + r = 5s - 17. List the prime factors of s. 2, 3 Let g be ((-1)/1)/(4/(-20)). Suppose -x = x - 4o + 10, -2x = -go + 14. Let y = 2 + x. What are the prime factors of y? 5 Suppose -k - 4k = n - 15, -5n + k = -23. List the prime factors of 116/5 + (-1)/n. 23 Let x = -2 - -5. Suppose r - 4r = xg - 27, -5g - 3r + 39 = 0. What are the prime factors of g? 2, 3 Let n be (3-1)/(-3) + 0. Suppose -q = n, -k = k - 2q - 32. List the prime factors of k. 3, 5 Suppose q - 28 = -72. What are the prime factors of q/(-6) + (-1)/3? 7 Suppose 0 = 2u + 5g + 35, 0 = u + 4u - 2g + 15. Let j = 16 + u. List the prime factors of j. 11 What are the prime factors of -2(-2)/3(-762)/(-8)? 127 Suppose 2t = -4f + 42, 5t - 4f - f = 120. Let l = t	2023-09-19T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/4425
Aaron Brooks vs. Jake Delhomme this is a discussion within the Saints Community Forum; the explosion usually happens before 71 games started nate. you\'ll find others here that enjoy debating about him more than i. i do think one thing you said is very true. is arm IS killer and the laser passes do ... the explosion usually happens before 71 games started nate. you\'ll find others here that enjoy debating about him more than i. i do think one thing you said is very true. is arm IS killer and the laser passes do go ALL OVER the field, especially at critical moments. i\'m trying to think of the biggest slowest slug qb in the league... let\'s say vinny t. give him some time and he will pick most any defense apart too. that is what being a nfl qb is about. it is when you do not have time and it is gut check time that makes the diff. and a little inconsistent?!? phew, i need someone else to step in on that one. i\'m not a basher nate, i hope for the best as long as he is here. hope is a desire of something you haven\'t yet attained no matter how unreasonable. i do not have faith that he will lead the team to a level of excellence. faith is a conviction that a desire will come based on confidence. He is a little inconsistant and thats my only knock on him. Every thing else is killer so i dont see how anybody thinks im saying cheer for subpar players. Like i said before he\'s very durable, td to int is killer, 3500+yds every year, his arm is killer, throws laser passes all over the field + killer deep balls. If you give him some time he will pick most any Defense apart. So again i dont see AB as a subpar QB, I see him as elite QB getting ready to explode. I for one think he has killer potential (I am not going to argue about your a little inconsistent at times statement - let me just say I disagree with your choice of the adjective little -- I am a little more jaded than you because the last 2 years I have been hearing this is his year to explode -- I am hoping it is this year but will respectfully wait and see -- finally -- no one (at least not I) am saying you are rooting for a sub par player -- nor would I argue with you if you did -- I believe the argument is that some posters will not admit that AB doesn\'t walk on water -- turn water into wine etc. I think someone posted the best response -- most on this forum really hope AB turns into the kind of QB he has the potential to be -- Nit-Picking? Hardly. Mincing words? Which word(s) am I mincing? I\'m pointing out that you readily give Jake, Carolina, or any other team the benefit of the doubt...consistantly, but when it comes to Brooks and the Saints (other than Horn and Deuce) you categorically NEVER do. Hey Whodat, the Saints NEARLY made the playoffs last year, and they had to win their last 4 games to do it...does that count? LMAO Of course it counts. When have I said it doesn\'t? The post that I made from which you are nit-pciking put forth a theory that many teams perform much like their QBs. I used the Colts and Bucs... I also used the Saints. I said that Carolina seems to play with grit and heart. They aren\'t the most talented, but they\'re scrappy and all play their role. Do you disagree with that statement? The Saints are more talented and less consistent. They squander talent and opportunities and shoot themselves in the foot with boneheaded play after boneheaded play. Do you disagree with that? I\'ve also said that each team is a reflection of it\'s QB? Do you disagree that Jake is the scrappy fiery underdog and that Brooks is the more talented less consistent player? See - you cannot realistically argue those statements, so you focus on a single sentence, apply it to a different context, and suggest I\'m biased. You think I give other teams credit? Other teams that make the playoffs and Super Bowl? Yeah, well, maybe that\'s b/c I think certain people do more than enough to make excuses for the Saints. Just check my sig. and tell me it\'s not so.	2024-07-03T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/6518
Automatic Retinal Layer Segmentation of OCT Images With Central Serous Retinopathy. In this paper, an automatic method is reported for simultaneously segmenting layers and fluid in 3-D OCT retinal images of subjects suffering from central serous retinopathy. To enhance contrast between adjacent layers, multiscale bright and dark layer detection filters are proposed. Due to appearance of serous fluid or pigment epithelial detachment caused fluid, contrast between adjacent layers is often reduced, and also large morphological changes are caused. In addition, 24 features are designed for random forest classifiers. Then, 8 coarse surfaces are obtained based on the trained random forest classifiers. Finally, a hypergraph is constructed based on the smoothed image and the layer structure detection responses. A modified live wire algorithm is proposed to accurately detect surfaces between retinal layers, even though OCT images with fluids are of low contrast and layers are largely deformed. The proposed method was evaluated on 48 spectral domain OCT images with central serous retinopathy. The experimental results showed that the proposed method outperformed the state-of-art methods with regard to layers and fluid segmentation.	2023-10-23T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/2471
Q: Get type of object being allocated in operator new Is there a way to get type of object being allocated in operator new? What I mean is: void* BaseClass::operator new(size_t size) { void* result = ::operator new(size); //Get type of object that's being allocated return result; } A: There is no mechanism to get this data. operator new just allocates raw memory given a size, and only the new operator call knows the type to construct the object into the allocated memory.	2023-11-30T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/3397
Communications columns January 9, 2007 Big, big important news from the prime minister’s office late yesterday: apparently the government has managed to cut the amount it spends on communicating with the general public by €6m a year – while at the same time improving the quality of communication. The state information service press release lists a raft of measures that have been taken. These include the introduction of a government-wide portal for the public information service Postbus 51, a central point for corporate inquiries, ministry-wide recruitment campaigns, the setting up of a ‘campaign management’ unit to coordinate mass media coverage, the development of a style guide etc etc etc. The end result, the press release says, has not only been cuts in spending but an improvement in service. Whereas before the public could only get hold of civil servants for some 6.5 hours a day (excluding morning meetings, lunch breaks, holidays and extra free days), the Postbus 51 service is now open from 9am to 9pm. But there are two things the press release failed to mention which might put all this in a better perspective. Firstly, how much was the government spending on it public communications efforts before the efficiency drive began? And secondly, how much did the team of consultants and communications experts who were doubtless brought in to advise on the efficiency drive actually cost?	2024-06-30T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/2083
Q: Best Practices for setting up multi-server LAMP environment I'm looking for resources that will help me design an optimum multi-user multi-server LAMP environment. We currently have 7 servers (2 load-balanced webservers, 2 redundant clustered web-content servers, 2 redundant clustered MySQL servers, 1 VirtualMin Developer server), but am having difficulty determining if what I have done is common/optimum/good practice, etc. Can anyone point me to any good/great resources for designing (and running) multi-server LAMP environments? Note: I asked this question on StackOverflow some time ago, but didn't get any great results. Perhaps I should have waited until the end of the Beta (for more of a non-SO audience) A: For configuration management take a look at tools like puppet and chef. There are others you might want to check as well, like capistrano. Also, you want to keep an eye on those servers when they enter production mode. For monitoring, you might want to check Nagios. And there are lots of others, some of them based on rrdtool.	2024-03-30T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5062
Families of soldiers killed in Syria and Donbas are complaining that they are not getting the $30,000 death benefit the government insists is paid to the families of troops killed in combat. The government admits to 19 soldiers killed in Syria so far but is less forthcoming about deaths in Ukraine. Because Russia has declared data about combat casualties a state secret, families risk prosecution if they go public, or too public, with their complaints. The news does get out via the Internet, which the government is trying to censor, especially inside Russia. That effort has been only partially successful so far. The government also tries to interfere with bad news getting out via the Internet by employing a growing force of Internet disinformation specialists. These people are popularly known on the Internet as trolls but the professional ones working for a government can be pretty effective. It does it make it more difficult to figure out what is news and what is propaganda or trolling (disinformation). But the stories of soldiers getting killed in Ukraine and Syria and the government trying to hide the details is something that has happened before and proved to be true. The problem is that it takes months or years for enough evidence to surface to prove or disprove something. Meanwhile the only recourse families have is to report the problem to the Military Prosecutor. The government still plays it pretty straight in going after corruption in the military) because it is generally agreed (based on past experience) that corruption in the military is one of the major problems in maintaining actual (as opposed to pretend) effectivel military power. While the military prosecutor will usually go after the corrupt official who stole the death benefit (not a new problem in Russia) this gets those who complained on a blacklist (of “troublesome citizens”) that can lead to later problems. Among the not-yet-proven stories are the ones about Russia hiring experienced army veterans as civilian contractors to fight in Syria. These are paid several thousand dollars a month on short term contracts. Some former contractors complain that they get cheated out of some of their pay and are often used for high-risk combat missions in Syria and that hundreds of these contractors have been killed so far. Those claims won’t be proven true or false until more evidence comes out of Syria (usually via refugee aid worker reports). Meanwhile there has been a lot of heavy fighting in Syria during August that Russian forces have been involved with. This is particularly true in the northern city of Aleppo. Russian military assistance, especially the use of modern warplanes and air-to-ground (satellite and laser guided) munitions has made the Syrian government forces a formidable force and put the rebels at real risk of being defeated. Russia has some troops on the front lines, most of them commandos and specialists for calling in air strikes. In general Russian warplanes attack rebel positions quickly, ruthlessly and often on a hunch, not a certainty, that the enemy is there. This has proved devastating for the rebels despite the usual Islamic terrorist tactic of using civilians for human shields. That does not work against the Russians. Any suspicion of civilians being rebels in disguise will often trigger an aerial attack. Thus it was no surprise that a recent UN sponsored casualty survey in Syria concluded that in ten months Russian forces, mainly with air and artillery attacks, killed more civilians (over 2,700) than the nearly 2,700 ISIL (Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant) has killed in nearly 40 months. From the beginning (late 2015) Russia has received criticism for killing civilians with all this firepower support. Russia ignores the condemnation and points out that much of the fighting takes place in urban areas and that ISIL and al Nusra regularly use human shields to protect themselves from air strikes by Western (especially American) warplanes, which have a much more restrictive ROE (Rules of Engagement) that reduces civilian casualties but also the damage done to the enemy. Turning Turkey Another reason for optimism in Syria is China, which supports the Russian effort there and recently offered to provide military training for the Syrian government forces as well as emergency aid for civilians in Syrian government controlled territory. This offer may be in response to efforts by Russia and Iran to create a new military-diplomatic coalition with Turkey to end the war in Syria. While China, Russia and Iran have been allies (often of convenience) for years, Turkey is another matter. Turkey a member of NATO and currently ruled by an increasingly corrupt and undemocratic Islamic political party that is in the process of purging members of rival political parties (religious and secular) from the government and major institutions. However Iran and Turkey reaffirmed, in June that both nations were dedicated to dealing with Sunni Islamic terrorism, especially in Syria. Turkey is largely Sunni but has been threatened by Sunni Islamic terrorist groups for years. Turkey and Iran are also traditional enemies but that rivalry has been on the back burner for centuries. The two nations have become major trading partners and both tend to accentuate the positive these days, especially in the face of the ISIL threat. In particular Iran wants to partner with Turkey and Russia to put down the rebellion in Syria and restore the Shia Assad dictatorship to full control of the country. Turkey wants peace in Syria, if only to shut down a base for Islamic terrorists and separatist minded Kurds. But there is the Shia angle. Russia just wants something resembling an end to the fighting in Syria so it can declare victory and go home. This temporary Iran-Turkey-Russia-China alliance could impose peace on Syria, mainly in the name of destroying ISIL and related Sunni Islamic terror groups in Syria. But Islamic terrorism, both Sunni and Shia, would remain. Iran is quite open about how it still supports Shia militancy and the Sunni Moslems that dominate the Arab world have still not agreed, much less acted on, a permanent solution to the recurring (for over a thousand years) Sunni Islamic terrorism. The proposed triple alliance might work in the short term, but not for any longer than that. Bombing Americans Despite having some common goals in Syria, cooperation between Russia and NATO (especially the United States) is not happening. Russia propaganda is no longer pretending there is cooperation and is concentrating on “American war crimes in Syria”. The purpose of this is to prevent the West from supporting a significant portion of the rebels. Since 2013 most rebels have joined (or allied themselves) with al Nusra (the local al Qaeda franchise) or ISIL. Until early 2016 al Nusra was allied with ISIL but that alliance was always temporary because ISIL wanted to eventually absorb al Nusra. The two groups put that battle off to deal with the Assad government first. In the last few months al Nusra has tried to distance itself from ISIL and is now openly fighting ISIL in places like Aleppo. Al Nusra forces also led the recent effort in Aleppo where rebels broke through the government siege in the eastern part of the city and now seek to regain control of the entire city. In mid-2016 Al Nusra renounced any connection with al Qaeda and declared it was simply a Syrian rebel group which, like most Syrian rebel organizations, is full of devout Moslems. Al Nusra is now known as Jabhat Fatah and wants to become recognized by the United States as “cooperative” (and not to be bombed). But the Americans still considers al Nusra an ally of ISIL or, at the very least, still friendly with al Qaeda. Some al Qaeda leaders have admitted publicly that the al Nusra split is temporary. Russia, Iran and the Assads find comfort in all this because it leaves the Americans with only about a third of the rebels (mainly the Kurds and non-Moslem groups) and gives Russia and Iran a chance to defeat all the rebels eventually and restore the Assads to full control of whatever is left of Syria. Russia also uses the “all Islamic terrorists are targets” attitude to justify their warplanes bombing bases of Syrian rebels that work closely with American and British commandos operating inside Syria. This puts the West in a difficult position because groups like al Nusra/Jabhat Fatah have the support of most Syrian Sunnis, and 70 percent of Syrians are Sunnis and these Sunnis are the backbone of the rebel forces. Meanwhile Russia is daring the Americans to try and stop Russian and Syrian warplanes from bombing pro-American rebels. The U.S. led air coalition over Iraq and Syria has been averaging about a hundred attacks (using either a guided missile or smart bomb) a day since June. About a third of that is in Syria, where Russian and Syrian government warplanes average several dozen attacks a day. These include helicopter strikes that often include heavy machine-gun fire and unguided rockets. There are also attacks with improvised “barrel bombs” dropped from transports or helicopters , usually against civilians . The U.S. and Russia disagree on some strikes, especially when non-ISIL rebels are involved. The Americans consider non-ISIL rebels to be “friendlies” whereas the Russians consider nearly all rebels (the main exception being Kurds) as “hostile” and legitimate targets. In August there were several incidents where Russian or Syrian warplanes attacked, or sought to attack rebels that were working with Western commandos. The U.S. told Russia and Syria to back off and that there would be violence and even a, for all intents and purposes, “no-fly zone” over parts of Syria. American officials insisted that this would not turn into a true no-fly zone but would result in lost Syrian or Russian warplanes if Western troops were harmed. So far it has been all threats and no action. Ukraine Fighting continues in eastern Ukraine (Donbas) and has become more intense lately. Since late July the pro-Russian rebels in Donbas have been a lot more active and the Ukrainian forces shoot back. There have been hundreds of casualties on both sides in the last month and Russia has deliberately made moves indicating it might invade Ukraine or even Eastern Europe. For example Russia accused Ukraine of trying to instigate an uprising in Crimea. This is an old tactic, especially with the Russians, of creating an “incident” they could justify going to war over. So far the Russians have held back but it made Ukrainians and many of the East European neighbors nervous, which may have been the Russian intent all along. For centuries Russia has made or implied threats to its neighbors just to remind them who was top dog in the neighborhood and Russia was not the “all bark and no bite” type of threat. Until late July the violence was a low level and usually instigated by pro-Russian rebels. Artillery (rockets, howitzers and mortars) were fired almost daily at Ukrainian forces. There has been a ceasefire since 2015 and that included a 30 kilometer wide buffer zone and withdrawal of heavy weapons (like those that could shoot across the buffer zone). The pro-Russian rebels did not withdraw all their long range artillery and Russian forces sometimes fired into Ukraine from inside Russia. The pro-Russian rebels would also enter the buffer zone to attack Ukrainian forces. Whenever the Ukrainians fought back Russia declared that proof that the Ukrainians violated the ceasefire and the rebels were only defending themselves. The OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe) reports that Russian backed rebels are responsible for 90 percent of the violent incidents in eastern Ukraine. The 700 OSCE monitors in eastern Ukraine and Donbas, whose job is to oversee the ceasefire, have been complaining since late 2015 that they are being restricted by rebels and, less frequently Ukrainian forces from carrying out inspections. Anyone in or near Donbas (as a lot of foreign journalists are) can hear or see the daily machine-gun, mortar, rocket and artillery fire by Russian and rebel units. Russia denies everything and insists that any evidence is fabricated. Just as in Syria, Russia sees ceasefire agreements as opportunities, not situations where Russian forces stop fighting. Russian efforts to grab a portion of eastern Ukraine appear to be on hold but they aren’t. Since 2014 Russia has basically annexed the chunk of eastern Ukraine where it staged a rebellion in early 2014. Russia tried to take possession of all Donbas, an area consisting of two Ukrainian provinces (Donetsk and Luhansk). Donbas comprises about nine percent of Ukrainian territory, 13 percent of the population and 15 percent of the GDP. Donbas was about 38 percent ethnic Russian. The two provinces comprise the Donets Basin (or “Donbas”) which was for a long time an economic powerhouse for Russia. But that began to decline in the 1980s and accelerated when the Soviet Union fell (and Ukraine became independent) in 1991. Since 2014 over two million people have fled rebel controlled parts of the Donbas (most heading for Ukraine) and only about three million remain in rebel controlled areas. About half of those people are ethnic Russian pensioners. Russia held illegal elections in 2014 and created the Donetsk People’s Republic and Luhansk People’s Republic in the portions of those two Ukrainian provinces they controlled. The Russian sponsored violence in Donbas has reduced economic activity to less than a third of what it was in 2013. Many businesses moved to Russia and Russia supplies cash to pay over 100,000 military and civilian employees of the new governments. Rebel occupied Donbas is sustained by cash and supplies trucked in from Russia. Where rebels control the border, the border has ceased to exist. The rebels control only about half of Donbas and that area has already become part of Russia. It is the Russian currency that is used and any foreign trade is with Russia. Some rebuilding is being financed by Russia. If the new Russian “ruler” of rebel Donbas can get the Ukrainians to agree on some kind of compromise Ukraine will manage to keep about half of Donbas while the rest will be part of Russia (legally or otherwise). The violence in Donbas has increased during June and July as about 70 civilians a month were killed or wounded. That’s double the monthly losses earlier in the year. Military losses have also increased. The Russian backed rebels seem to ignore ceasefire deals as they please secure in the knowledge that the Ukrainians can’t do much about it and if they do Russia will have an excuse to carry out a more visible invasion of Ukraine. The Russian invasion of eastern Ukraine in 2014 had some benefits for the victim. It finally forced Ukraine to get serious about the corruption that had crippled its economy since it became independent in 1991. That led to long-overdue military reforms as well and more national unity than Ukraine has seen since the 1990s. That made it possible to quickly put together a large enough military force to halt the Russian advance by late 2015. Ukraine is learning from this, as are other nations that border (often quite nervously) the self-proclaimed “resurgent Russia.” Economic Solutions The Russian economy is still in decline but one reason the government gets credit for coping is that common sense was used to limit the impact of low oil prices and Western economic sanctions because of invading Ukraine. The government kept the unemployment rate low by cancelling employment permits for most foreign workers. These included highly skilled (and well paid) foreign experts from the West but were mostly for lower skilled jobs filled by non-citizens from Central and East Asia. Some parts of Siberia and the Far East have banned firms from hiring any more foreigners in order to keep the unemployment rate low for Russian citizens. August 22, 2016: Iran reported that Russian warplanes had stopped using its Hamadan air base for attacks on Islamic terrorists in Syria. It is unclear if this is temporary or permanent and if it has anything to do with Iran asking for more than Russian was willing to pay for the use of the base. August 17, 2016: In the north (St. Petersburg) counter-terrorism forces found and killed three known Caucasus gangsters who were wanted for supporting Islamic terrorist activities in St. Petersburg. The police wanted to take the four alive but the four refused and fought back. Weapons, ammo and bomb components were found in the apartment. ISIL has been desperate to carry out attacks inside Russia as that would make Russia appear a less formidable opponent. So far ISIL has had little success. August 16, 2016: Russia Tu-22M3 bombers began operating from an Iranian airbase at Hamadan (in northwest Iran). Iraq does not object to Russian warplanes flying overhead to and from targets in Syria. Russian bombers are hitting ISIL as well as other rebel groups in Syria. Use of this base is safer and cheaper than operating from a base in Syria, where attacks from Islamic terrorists and rebels in general are much more likely. Russia can get a lot of supplies locally and easily ship in stuff from Russia via ship (the Caspian Sea) and Iranian railroads. Iran is doing this because Russia is about to complete delivery of S-300 anti-aircraft missile systems and help get them operational. Russia has been working its Tu-22M3M long-range bombers hard over Syria lately. Between July 12th and August 8th Tu-22s flew at least 20 sorties from Russian bases to hit targets in Syria. That’s a lot of work for the ten or so Tu-22M3Ms in service that have to fly all the way from southern Russia to Syria and back to deliver a few tons of smart bombs. But the Tu-22M3M proved to be very good at it and these is the first sustained combat experience the Tu-22 has had since Afghanistan in the 1980s. August 11, 2016: In the south (Dagestan) police killed four suspected Islamic terrorists. The next day two policemen were ambushed nearby, killed and their weapons stolen. It is unclear if the two incidents were related. There has always been a lot of violence in Dagestan, even before Islamic radicalism became a justification for some of it. August 10, 2016: Russia accused Ukraine of attempting to launch a commando raid into Crimea to sabotage public services. Russia said two of its border guards died during the incident and several Ukrainian troops were captured. Ukraine denied the charge and said Russia made it up to explain the poor economic conditions in Crimea and to provide an excuse to invade Ukraine officially, using the thousands of additional troops moved to the Ukraine border this year. August 8, 2016: The government revealed that a July 17 incident in Syria, where an unidentified UAV crossed the border into Israel briefly, was actually a Russian UAV accidently straying into Israeli airspace. Israeli radar had been watching this UAV before it entered Israeli air space and once it crossed the border two Patriot anti-aircraft missiles were fired, unsuccessfully, at the UAV. Then an F-16 got close enough to fire an air-to-air missile, which also missed. At this point the UAV was headed back for Syria. Until now it was unclear if this was a Russian or Iranian made UAV and Hezbollah was suspected as the UAV operator. Israeli intelligence eventually identified the UAV as Russian and that led to discussions with Russia and the admission that it was indeed Russian. The Israelis are still trying to figure out why three of their usually very effective missiles failed.	2024-05-24T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/3495
Our People Mindfulness Scotland is led by a group of like minded people who practice, teach and support a mindful approach to daily life. Dr Alistair Wilson, M.D. F.R.C. Psych. M.Sc.Chair, Lead Trainer Alistair is a partially retired consultant psychiatrist and fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatry. He has worked as a Consultant Community Psychiatrist within the National Health Service for almost thirty years.During this time, he completed his training in Cognitive Therapy at Oxford University and graduated with a MSc in Mindfulness Based Approaches with the University of Bangor in 2011. He has also trained in Trauma-Focused CBT, Sensory-Motor Psychotherapy and Eye Movement De-Sensitisation Rationale in order to deliver care for those experiencing symptoms of trauma. Since retiring from the NHS in 2014 he has been employed by Combat Stress, a charity providing support to UK veterans experiencing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Alistair has a long history of delivering MBCT within mental health services in and around Glasgow. He has delivered mindfulness sessions to medical staff and workshops on Mindful Approaches to Trauma in London, Dublin and UMass. He is currently engaged in a series of research projects evaluating the feasibility of Mindfulness Based Approaches in a variety of settings including Oncology, Addiction and Trauma, and has recently trained to deliver the MBCT for Life course through the Oxford Mindfulness Centre. His robust personal practice help him navigate the ups and downs of life ! Dr Catherine KeoghTrustee, Teaching Practice Mentor and Assessor A clinical psychologist by training, Catherine has worked in the NHS for more than 25 years in the field of adult mental health. As an addiction specialist, she has spent the best part of her career working with those adversely affected by excessive alcohol and illicit drug use, complicated by severe mental health conditions, especially psychological trauma. She was first drawn to the practice of mindfulness through attending an MBSR programme in 2006. Inspired by the experience, she recognised how mindfulness practice could bring benefits to her home and work life as well as her clinical practice. Catherine’s understanding of mindfulness and observation of the positive impact it has on her day-to-day life has grown and been shaped by her experience of involvement in a community of practice and her efforts to establish the discipline of personal mindfulness practice.Since retiring from the NHS she has completed the Mindfulness Scotland Train to Teach course and currently delivers eight-week courses to NHS staff and patient groups. Catherine has been a trustee of Mindfulness Scotland since 2011. Scotland since 2011. Karen GlassTrustee, Assistant Trainer Karen qualified as a physiotherapist in 1987 and has since had a varied career combining clinical work, education, research and development. After completing a Postgraduate Diploma and then a Research Masters degree in Australia, she joined the teaching faculty at Glasgow Caledonian University and from there moved into Practice Development within the NHS. One of Karen’s particular interests is in developing a workplace culture where staff are supported to thrive and deliver their best care for the benefit of those we serve. Education and supporting people to learn has been a key aspect of her work for the past 20 years.Karen first experienced mindfulness seven years ago and since then has developed a regular practice and joined Mindfulness Scotland as a trustee in 2013. She completed mindfulness teacher training through NHS Education for Scotland and then Mindfulness Scotland’s Train to Teach course in 2014. Karen supported the delivery of this course last year and teaches regularly both within the NHS and as a trustee of Mindfulness Scotland. Karen has completed MBSR advanced teacher training with Sara Silverton, through Bangor University, and has been trained to deliver MBCT for Life through the Oxford Mindfulness Centre. Karen is supervised by Dr Margaret Kerr and attends residential teacher led retreats on a yearly basis as well as regular peer led practice sessions. She is part of a vibrant teaching community within the NHS and Mindfulness Scotland. Through regular practice, Karen has developed a steadiness in the face difficulty and a sense of resilience. She feels privileged to be involved in mindfulness-based work, supporting people no matter what circumstances they find themselves in. Stephanie WilsonAssociate, Assistant Trainer Stephanie is a Specialist Physiotherapist in Long Term Condition and Pain Management working in the NHS. She is also a trained Yoga Teacher and a Mindfulness Teacher, listed on the UK Network of Mindfulness Teachers, having trained with Trish Bartley in 2007.Stephanie has attended many retreats on Holy Island, Samye Ling and with the Centre for Mindfulness Research and Practice (CMRP). She has taught mindfulness to people with chronic pain, chronic fatigue and those coping with a diagnosis of cancer, as well as to NHS staff, and is supported through supervision with Margaret Kerr and Pam Erdmann. Stephanie attends regular peer led practice groups, retreat days, conferences and study days, as well as having an ongoing commitment to longer teacher led silent retreats. She has trained to deliver the MBCT for Life programme through Oxford University and recently completed the five-day Specialist Intensive MBSR training with CMRP. Stephanie’s regular formal and informal daily mindfulness practice has been profoundly supportive in her own life, enabling her to manage stress and anxiety, and manage a busy home and work life.	2024-03-30T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/7557
Q: Converting scrambled alphabet I need to take an input of a scrambled alphabet and covert it to the A-Z alphabet. I think I need to change these to integers. Any idea how to take a scrambled input and changed it to integers? UPDATE: Here is the code I've written so far. I can't use the built in functions posted, must be things we've learned already. If the user input is: VNKW KW BO 1WV WJHFJV BJWWXEJ! the desired output is: THIS IS MY 1ST SECRET MESSAGE import random def main(): encrypt = [" "] * 26 #all letters available for numbah in range(26): letter = chr(numbah+65) print (letter, end="") # find position for number notfound = True while notfound: position = random.randint(0, 25) if encrypt[position] == " ": notfound = False encrypt[position] = letter print("\nScrambled: ", end="") for numbah in range(26): print(encrypt[numbah], end="") print("\n\n ") msg=input("Please input the scrambled alphabet in order: ") print("Now input the scrambled message: " + msg) print("Your unscrambled message reads: ", end="") for alpha in msg.upper(): if alpha < "A" or alpha > "Z": print(alpha,end="") else: print(encrypt[ ord(alpha) - 65 ], end="") main() A: Since this is a homework question, I only hint you at the functions you could use to easily implement this: Take a look at string.maketrans() and str.translate().	2023-11-24T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/5494
AdLive I built AdLive when I was running Fotolog because I wanted a quick way to get a snapshot of the performance of our various monetization platforms. The alternative was to log in to each and every website, and see how much money we made. We had someone in the team do that every day and put everything in an excel spreadsheet = p-a-i-n-f-u-l-l I've implemented a scripting language making heavy use of Xpath. This let me add more sources without changing the code base. Here is an example with Commission Junction: Users requested additional platforms so I contacted them and sometimes they gave me access to their API (thanks Vibrant Media...). After a while, some sites broke. Although I had designed it to be easily fixable, I lost interest and didn't keep it up-to-date. It is still on the Market with some disappointed user comments ☹ Hopefully someone will take over. RTMP swfUrl spoofing A proof-of-concept that defeats an RTMP security measure RTMP is the video streaming format built by Adobe for Flash. RTMP was closed source and undocumented until Howard Chu and Andrej Stepanchuk notably reverse-engineered it to build the famous program rtmpdump. They followed-up with librtmp that is now implemented in various open-source tools like xbmc, lifting the need for the Flash player to play RTMP video streams. RTMP is secured by various means. One of them is to have Flash send its hosting URL (the "referring" URL) and have it validated by the server. This is called the swfUrl in the protocol. rtmpdump implements such swfUrl masquerading. I thought it would be interesting to modify Flash so that the swfUrl is automatically adjusted to the value expected by the server. Instead of patching Flash though, I implemented a mozilla plugin that hooks into the Flash dll and intercepts all network packets. It simply modifies the swfUrl as needed. The interception is achieved through IAT hooking of the socket send() function. Please have a look at hook.cpp in the source. DebugIt I wrote this program to evaluate the security impact of incorrect usage of commonly used Win32 APIs like RegQueryValueEx. You typically have to call RegQueryValueEx twice: Once to get the size of the data to retrieve (and to allocate a buffer accordingly), then another time to retrieve the actual data. Many incorrect implementations in various Windows software would only call it once, with a fixed size buffer. It is then reasonably easy to build a stack overflow exploit with some shell code stored in the Windows registry. I will leave it to your imagination to figure out what are the potential exploitations of such a flaw. This program uses the Win32 Debug API to place a breakpoint on potentially exploitable Win32 function(s) to inject large amounts of data in the application calls and detect overflows. Apologies for the half-French commented code :-/ Reverse CRC32 A home-made algorithm that forges CRC32 signatures CRC32 is great to verify data integrity but provides no security. Not only does it only provide 32 bit long signatures, but it is also a completely reversible algorithm. A myriad a file formats and protocols rely on CRC32 to ensure data integrity, including zip, gzip and all their derivatives (SWF flash files, PNG). For a given data buffer, this program allows you to produce 4 bytes of data (crc32) that will make the whole data match a given crc32. data input crc32 CdMV-KEQPQM1-jerome => 0x00000000 X5LR-2FN6XP-jerome => 0x00000000 Kr7i-6L6PVS1-jerome => 0x00000000 GoEn-WESBA01-jerome => 0x00000000 xB4X-U4G18R1-deadbeefisyummy => 0xDEADBEEF => The algorithm is made so that the whole output is valid ASCII, not some unprintable binary characters. The input data is formatted as follows: AAAA-BBBBB-anytext AAAA: Four bytes calculated by the program to match a given CRC32 according to the rest of the data BBBBB: Some random ASCII characters. The algorithm restarts with a fresh BBBBB string until the first AAAA characters are valid ASCII characters Anything, really. At the time I wrote this program, bruteforcing CRC32 would take a few seconds to process on a desktop PC. It is probably instantaneous by now. Still interesting for education purposes. I've built a command line tool for Windows that implements the algorithm (get it in the download): Usage: reverse_crc32 <input> <crc> <input>: string that should be included in the final result <crc>: target value for crc32 (decimal notation) Conclusion: If you can modify 4 bytes of the data or prepend/append 4 bytes to it, then you can choose an arbitrary CRC32 checksum for it. ASM Mod Player A tiny embedded protracker player I wrote this tiny program in year 2000. It wraps together a protracker module, the AMP dll file (to play modules) and plays the module at execution. Works fine on recent windows versions. I am still a big fan of chip tunes :) Here's a nice collection Looking back at 20 years of computing, there are certainly a few things here and there that I'm a little bit ashamed of but it's been a fun ride. Pay me a few beers (or Cointreau if you don't have time) and I'll tell you off the record :)	2023-12-14T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/6201
Q: How to block directory by htaccess but allow for my site over GET I've got 2 servers - web server and data server, where are all my uploaded files. Is there any option in htaccess to block all access in data server, but allow for requests from that web server? Example: web server: portal with videos, audio,... and data server, where are all files uploaded. I need to block download (access) all these files direct from "dataserver/file" (and all subfolders), but I need to access these files for example via <video src="dataserver/file"></video>, which is called from webserver (man comes to my site and want to see the movie/audio/...) A: A visitor's browser on parsing the <video> tag will make the request to your data server directly. Your web server isn't involved there. But, what you want to prevent, which in web terminology is called hot-linking, is possible. Basically, every browser request has a referer field attached to it (whenever available), which lets the server know the website a user is coming from. For e.g., say, you open your browser and go to google.com, Google will receive your request with no referer because that's the first site you opened in that browser tab. But, when you search and click on a link to go to a website, that server will receive the complete URL of the Google page that you clicked the link on to reach that website passed to it as the HTTP referer request header. So, on your data server, you can have an .htaccess that makes sure that clients are making video requests from your website only by checking their referer headers. Something like RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http://(www\.)?webserver\.com/.*$ [NC] RewriteRule \.(swf\|flv\|mp4)$ - [F,L] This would also prevent the users from just typing in the video URL in the browser in the hopes of downloading it directly. The hot-linkers would now receive a 403 Forbidden error. This however does have the potential to break your site for people browsing it with some sort of privacy software installed that strips every browser request of the referer field. So, that's your trade-off here.	2023-08-20T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/9648
It has long been the orthodontic practice to attach the orthodontic appliance to the labial side of the patient's teeth. However, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,107,844 and 4,386,908 which issued to the present inventor, describe orthodontic appliances which are attached to the lingual side of the patient's teeth to be hidden from view. The orthodontic appliances in either instance can be a source of irritation and trauma to the patient, either to the lips and cheeks in the case of the labial appliance, or to the tongue in the case of the lingual appliance. The purpose and objective of the present invention is to provide a plastic shield which may be fitted over the attachments, ligatures and arch wires of the aforesaid appliances to present a smooth outer surface and obviate irritation to the tongue in the case of the lingual appliances, and to obviate irritation to the inner tissue of the cheeks and lips in the case of the labial appliances. In general, the principal objective of the present invention is to provide an orthodontic shield which serves to protect the labial or lingual oral tissue from irritation from a labial or lingual orthodontic appliance, when such an appliance has been fitted onto the teeth of a patient.	2023-10-13T01:27:17.240677	https://example.com/article/1480