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### Input: choose your answer: is "expansions were expected in september 2013, but yet again are mainly thai and other asian-based airlines according to eleven media group's eleven, "thailand-based nok air and business airlines and singapore-based tiger airline"." a good answer to the question "has the travel industry considered making changes to fight plans for myanmar ?" pick from the following. (i). yes (ii). no ### Response: (ii). no
### Input: i got slightly bitten by a stray cat. it is a small puncture and the blood remained in the surface, i.e it didnt bleed. i took a dose of rabipur and a tetanus injection. do i need to take any more dose of rabipur (the cat looks very healthy and normal)? ### Response: hi, thanks for posting in chat doctor. i understand your concern. the current exposure is a risky one, and it falls in category 3. hence, a complete course of raipur needs to be completed along with the local wound care. as per who recommendations, one dose of the vaccine should be administered on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 30. hence, kindly complete the course of the vaccine as per the prescribed schedule. hope the information provided would be helpful. all the best.
### Input: hi ive currently suffered from mild acne for many years and now and again a spot would turn into a boil , but the past week or so i have had numerous boils on my face about 7-8 one of which is the size of a 50p the rest are larger than pea sized but close to each other, my face is starting to look deformed, really worried, callum ### Response: dear alexandertreatment of acne depends on the stage and severity of the condition. very good results can be obtained if you are under regular treatment-the duration of the treatment lasting from 6-9 months. the problem of relapse occurs because most of the time either the medicines are not applied properly or not applied for the needed duration or the treatment is stopped midway or irregular. if your face looks deformed and one of them is big then it could be grade 4 acne the management of which might require oral retinoids, which need to be taken only after proper investigation, counselling and guidance of an experienced dermal. please visit the nearest dermal who will decide the stage and chalk out a management plan for you. also one thing you need to strictly follow is that you need to continue the medicines for at least 6-9 months if you want to get rid of acne for quite a long duration. regards chat doctor.
### Input: what's an example of a task that requires knowledge of physical objects to perform? ### Response: a prime example of a task that requires knowledge of physical objects to perform is the assembly of a piece of furniture, such as putting together a flat-pack wooden bookshelf from a store like ikea. this task demands understanding of various physical components and their properties, as well as how they interact in order to create a functional and stable structure. 1. identification and recognition of components: prior to commencing the task, it is vital to identify the different pieces included in the package. these typically encompass wooden panels, screws, fastening devices, brackets, and pegs, which come in varying shapes and sizes. familiarity with their material properties, such as the strength and flexibility of the wood and metal parts, is also needed. some components may have specific markings or labels, indicating their particular use or installation orientation. 2. comprehension of instructions: assembling furniture entails following a step-by-step guide, which often incorporates visual diagrams. the builder must interpret these illustrations and comprehend the represented physical objects, as well as understand how they fit together. for instance, the instructions might depict a wooden panel with pre-drilled holes that align with the brackets on another piece. 3. assembly process: the task requires the use of both hand and power tools, so a certain amount of skill and craftsmanship will be necessary to ensure that the individual parts are securely connected. basic knowledge of tools such as screwdrivers, allen wrenches, and hammers, as well as their appropriate application to the various assembly steps, is mandatory. 4. spatial awareness and alignment: one of the essential aspects of this task is being able to visualize and manipulate the physical objects in three-dimensional space. this skill helps in properly aligning and connecting the individual components, guaranteeing that the final structure is level, balanced, and stable. for example, bracket and screw placements must be accurate to prevent instability or unevenness in the finished bookshelf. 5. problem-solving and adaptation: unexpected complications can arise during furniture assembly, such as a missing screw or pre-drilled hole being too small. the person performing the task must possess the ability to troubleshoot and adapt to such issues by either finding alternative solutions or making adjustments to the component as needed. this might entail drilling a new hole or finding suitable replacement hardware. in conclusion, assembling a piece of furniture like a bookshelf necessitates the knowledge of the physical objects and their properties, understanding how they interact with one another, and having the skill to manipulate them effectively to create a functional and stable structure. it is a task that not only tests practical abilities but also requires spatial awareness, problem-solving, and improvisation when facing unexpected challenges.
### Input: i was diagnosed with a bone spur protruding from my upper spine into my brain stem when i was 32. surgery at the time was risky, i was told that because i also have fused vertabrea in the same area, they would have to cut me open through my mouth to the area in question. i was told that it could be a problem later. i am 55 and recently i had a serious rotator cuff injury that has left me out of work for awhile. my newer symptoms are, blurred vision, hearing sounds like chirping 24/7, numbness in my arms and memory difficulties. my main question is, what do i do? ### Response: hello, for blurred vision, numbness in arms and concentration difficulty, a neurologist clinical examination is advised. you may have to under mri brain and cervical spine for ruling out the possible causes. as you mentioned the bone spur protruding from the upper spine into the brain, i suspect there might be some neurological deficits which may trouble the vision and tingle as well due to compression onto the neurological tissue. since you are 55, i will advise for the neurologist opinion and medication followed by that. also, physiotherapy management for the neck and shoulder which will help your rci and also the numbness. blurred vision will be corrected once the compression of the spur is reduced over the neurological tissue by strength in the muscles. hope i have answered your query. let me know if i can assist you further. take care jay in chat doctor.
### Input: doctor, i have been having trouble with my eye alignment lately. i often see double and feel eye strain, especially when i read or look at something for a long time. ### Response: based on your symptoms, it seems like you might have an eye alignment disorder. i recommend that we conduct an ophthalmologic and otologic diagnosis and treatment to properly diagnose your condition. this will involve an eye exam and an evaluation of your ears to assess any potential underlying issues. additionally, we may need to conduct other diagnostic procedures such as interviews and consultations to get a better understanding of your medical history and any other factors that may be contributing to your symptoms. once we have a diagnosis, we can explore other therapeutic procedures to treat the problem, such as procedures on your eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, extraocular muscles, and orbit. depending on your specific situation, an occupational therapy assessment such as speech therapy may also be recommended to address any related functional impairments.
### Input: hello, i have a four year old girl who complained of a stomach ache for about a week...then last thursday she puked...since then she still complains of stomach pains on and off...when she does she s really upset and curls up saying ouch....then today she vomited again...she s now sleeping on the couch waking every so often screaming ouwey... is this a virus or could this be something more serious like apendix? ### Response: by your description definitely pain is of high intensity. one need to know in which area pain is maximum, what kind of pain it is coming and going, or continuous? is it interrupting sleep? is there any relation to food or passing urine? is there fever associated with it? she will need examination to get some information to make diagnosis. it can be due to simple things like worms or may be due to inflammation of any intra-abdominal organ like appendix, gall bladder, kidney etc.
### Input: sir/mam i am 23 year old male...unmarried i use to do 2 time masterbate in a day (if free) think 8-10 time in a week. and i having doubt...i cant sty long time it will out within 2mins. if any problem after marriage? i can give satisfaction to my wife? ### Response: degree understand your concerns went through your details. masturbation has no direct side effects. masturbation is healthy, natural and is a normal adult procedure. almost everyone across the globe masturbate and get sexual pleasure. but in your case, at your age, masturbation twice a day is not advisable. you can do it thrice a week safely. otherwise, your wrong knowledge about the negatives of masturbation can make you anxious and health obsessive. may be because of this health anxiety, you are experiencing the premature ejaculation. don't worry. you will be able to do well sexually after marriage. if you require more of my help in this aspect, please use this url. make sure that you include every minute details possible. hope this answers your query. available for further clarifications. good luck. take care.
### Input: what is the cause of periductal mastitis and how does it affect the lactiferous ducts in the breast? ### Response: periductal mastitis is a type of breast infection that is thought to occur due to a relative deficiency of vitamin a in the body. this deficiency can lead to changes in the cells lining the lactiferous ducts in the breast, a process known as squamous metaplasia. squamous metaplasia can cause the cells to become more susceptible to infection and inflammation, which can lead to the development of periductal mastitis. other factors that may contribute to the development of periductal mastitis include smoking, nipple piercing, and hormonal imbalances. treatment for periductal mastitis may involve antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, and surgery in some cases.
### Input: actually, could you tell me more about cortisol levels? ### Response: certainly. cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate the body's response to stress. in individuals with cushing's syndrome, the levels of cortisol in the body may be chronically elevated, leading to a range of symptoms such as weight gain, mood swings, and skin changes. cortisol tests can be performed at different times of the day to help determine if an individual has cushing's syndrome. would you like more information on that, or do you have any other questions?
### Input: how can oxygen saturations be continuously monitored in preterm infants with rds? ### Response: continuous monitoring of oxygen saturations can be done using pulse oximetry. oxygen saturation levels of 85-95% are targeted to minimize hyperoxia and reduce the number of blood gas samples needed for patient management. transcutaneous co2 monitors can also provide continuous noninvasive information and help detect complications or guide management during interventions such as intubations or surfactant therapy.
### Input: i am an asthma patient for the last fifty years originated from acute cold for which a tablet was provided to stop cold with asthma to paste on chest at 2 oclock mid night i wakened up and felt difficulty in breathing but cold had absolutely come down. then i went to another doctor and he gave me dycristin injection and calcium also. every fortnight i had to do this and then some other medicines were prescribed thus i fell as a regular patient. now i am eighty three years old before taking this bad tablet i could swim thousan yards to and fro but now i cannot walk a few steps or talk a while , bythe timei wheese. thank you doctor ### Response: hi, asthma is itself an allergic disease due to cold (or dust or pollen or grass etc.) irrespective of the triggering factor. your asthma actually triggers bronchospasm which leads to your wheezing and breathing difficulty. you can go for pulmonary function tests if not done. treatment is mainly symptomatic which might require inhalation steroids, beta agonists, anticholinergics as mdi or rota haler as a regular treatment. there are very good medicines like steroids, alpha a chat doctor. to decrease the inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles, you might be given oral antihistamines with mast cell stabilizers(montelukast) and steroids (prednisolone) with nebulization and frequently steam inhalation. the best way to cure any allergy is a complete avoidance of allergen or triggering factor. consult your pulmonologist for further advise.
### Input: answer the following question: information: - the preparatory committee for indonesian independence was a body established on 7 august 1945 to prepare for the transfer of authority from the occupying japanese to indonesia. permission for the formation of the committee came from lt. general hisaichi terauchi, commander of the japanese southern area who was based in saigon. - indonesia (or ; indonesian: ), officially the republic of indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in southeast asia with some territories in oceania. situated between the indian and pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. at , indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. it has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous austronesian nation, as well as the most populous muslim-majority country. the world's most populous island of java contains more than half of the country's population. - the president of the republic of indonesia is the head of state and head of government of the republic of indonesia. the president leads the executive branch of the indonesian government and is the commander-in-chief of the indonesian national armed forces. - count was a "gensui" (or marshal) in the imperial japanese army and commander of the southern expeditionary army group during world war ii. he was ordered to lead the occupation over southeast asia (singapore and indonesia). - the investigating committee for preparatory work for indonesian independence, ("dokuritsu junbi chsa-kai") was an organization set up in march 1945 by the japanese administration occupying indonesia. it also decided the pancasila as the official ideology of indonesia. - sukarno (6 june 1901 21 june 1970) was the first president of indonesia, serving in office from 1945 to 1967. - this is a complete list of presidents of indonesia . the presidency was established during the formulation of the 1945 constitution by the committee for preparatory work for indonesian independence ( bpupki ) , a research body for the preparation of indonesian independence . on 18 august 1945 , the preparatory committee for indonesian independence ( ppki ) , which was created on 7 august to replace bpupki , selected sukarno as the country 's first president . 'list of presidents of indonesia' is related to which object entity through the relation of 'is a list of'? choices: - count - country - head of government - head of state - island - organization - people - president - president of indonesia - sovereign state - transfer - war - work answer: ### Response: the 'list of presidents of indonesia' is related to the object entity 'president of indonesia' through the relation of 'is a list of'. the list encompasses all individuals who have held the position of president of indonesia, starting with sukarno as the country's first president. as the head of state and head of government, the president of indonesia plays a vital role in leading the executive branch of the indonesian government and serving as the commander-in-chief of the indonesian national armed forces.
### Input: please answer the following question: i have a test where i am given the following article, what is an answer for the question: what is the name of the place where mr. conner works? ? naomi bishop is a senior investment banker who deals with ipos. after her latest project is undervalued she faces professional setbacks including clients losing confidence in her work. to bounce back she is hired to handle the ipo for cachet, a privacy company with a social networking platform. around the same time naomi bumps into samantha ryan, an old college classmate who now works as a public attorney. unbeknownst to naomi, samantha is investigating naomi's on-again, off-again boyfriend michael connor, a broker at the same firm as naomi who samantha suspects is involved in insider trading. michael tries to get information from naomi about cachet but fails. while doing due diligence, naomi learns from marin, one of the coders, that cachet is hackable. despite having a nagging feeling that something is wrong, the numbers check out and naomi continues to try to sell the shares of the company to investors. michael, who has had no new insider trading tips to pass on to his friends at investment firm titanite, tries unsuccessfully to hack into naomi's phone. vice president erin manning, naomi's assistant on the ipo, learns that marin has been fired. to warn naomi of this, she goes to michael's home after not being able to reach naomi and ends up leaking the information to him in the hope that he will be able to get her a promotion, something naomi has been unable to do for her. michael leaks the tips to his friends at titanite and then sends the story to an old college roommate who is a tech journalist. naomi figures out that it was erin who betrayed her, based on her having a green pen, the same type of pen that michael uses. when the shares open, confidence is lost and the company loses a third of its value on the first day of trading. a: ### Response: the name of the place where mr. conner works is not explicitly mentioned in the article, but it is stated that he works at the same firm as naomi.
### Input: every time i bend i have pain on the right side of my abdomen (right under my ribs) and upon standing develop a painful charlie horse type feeling which worsens as the day progresses (or with how active i get). it doesnt go to my back or anywhere else. just that one spot. i lost 41 pounds from dec to april but hadnt been working out much since. do some heavy lifting at work occasionally and it seemed to start around then ### Response: hi, thanks for using chat doctor the pain is likely related to soft tissue injury to that area. it may have occurred due to the heavy lifting that you were doing. if you have no history of allergies or problems with anti-inflammatory painkillers then you can consider using them for pain relief. these would include medications such as ibuprofen, aspirin, catalan, voltaren, celebrex. these should be used on a full stomach to reduce any irritation to the stomach. if the pain continues despite using the medication appropriately then you should consider a visit to your doctor. i hope this helps
### Input: generate a short movie review that has positive sentiment. ### Response: once upon a time, in a beautiful, colorful, and happy land, there was a super fun, feel-good movie called "sunshine friends." this movie was about a group of cute and cuddly animal friends who went on a magical adventure filled with laughs, singing, and lots of dance parties! everyone who watched "sunshine friends" couldn't help but feel happy inside, just like when you get a big warm hug from mom and dad. the characters in the movie were so kind and loving, always making sure to help each other out, just like best friends should. the beautiful colors of the magical land and the catchy songs made people's hearts sing and their feet tap along to the beat. kids and grown-ups, just like you, left the movie with big smiles thinking about how wonderful it is to have friends in life and share big adventures together. in the end, "sunshine friends" was a movie that sparkled with happiness, filled with fun, and warmed our hearts like bright rays of sunshine on a summer's day.
### Input: hi doctor grief - i have had a slight pressure just below my left rib . could it be the pancreas as my diabetes count is for 3 months 6.6 .it used to be 5 years ago 5.1 the doc here says it is still ok bur i disagree. i m 89 and still quite active . been all my life playing hockey skiiing tennis and still golfing . what can i learn . i. m learning to play guitar and can belt out a few tunes . robert irvine live in b. c. can. ### Response: hi, thank you for providing the brief history of you. a thorough abdominal assessment is advised. as the pain is in the lower part of the ribs on the thorough abdominal assessment is advised. also, performing a diagnostic ultrasonography of the abdomen should help to understand the systemic organs and other pathologies. the pain can not be because of pancreas as any pathology of pancreas will be detected by high sugar levels and abdominal scan. just get an ultrasonography done and wait for the results. it could be even the muscular pain as well. regardsjay in chat doctor.
### Input: q:information: - phil wickham is the debut album recorded by american christian & gospel singer phil wickham , released on april 25 , 2006 . - san diego (spanish for "saint didacus") is a major city in california, united states. it is in san diego county, on the coast of the pacific ocean in southern california, approximately south of los angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with mexico. - philip david "phil" wickham (born april 5, 1984) is a contemporary christian musician, singer and songwriter from san diego, california. wickham has released nine cds, "give you my world" in 2003, a self-titled album in 2006, "cannons" in 2007, "singalong" in 2008, "heaven & earth" in 2009, "response" in 2011, and "singalong 2" in 2012, "the ascension" in 2013, "sing-a-long 3" in 2015, and "children of god" in 2016. he has also led worship at soul survivor. - california is the most populous state in the united states and the third most extensive by area. located on the western (pacific ocean) coast of the u.s., california is bordered by the other u.s. states of oregon, nevada, and arizona and shares an international border with the mexican state of baja california. the state capital is sacramento. los angeles is california's most populous city, and the country's second largest after new york city. the state also has the nation's most populous county, los angeles county, and its largest county by area, san bernardino county. - give you my world is the first album recorded and released independently by phil wickham. produced by wickham and his father and recorded in a small home studio. the album gained popularity quickly, especially in the calvary chapel affiliation. after reading the paragraphs above, choose the best answer for the entity that related to 'phil wickham ' with the relationship of 'followed by'. choices: - 1984 - 2 - 2008 - 2009 - 2011 - a - album - april - arizona - california - cannons - children - city - father - give - god - is - los angeles - my - my world - new - new york city - pacific - released - s - san - second - songwriter - soul - south - spanish - the album - the ascension - the other - the state - third - u - united - you a: ### Response: cannons
### Input: hi my dad has severe pain on left hand side hip/lower back area.initial x-ray showed possible hip bone crumbling but physio has since said she thinks it may be a slipped disc pushing on a nerve. his left leg is so weak he cant walk on it,he is also constipated and keeps losing his balance. he has been waiting nearly 2 months for a scan. what do you think it could be? ### Response: hi, the symptoms your dad is experiencing is due to lumbar radiculopathy. however, a complete neurological examination is required so that he can be assessed more clearly. there must be huge protrusion of a disc which is compressing the nerves that supply his leg causing severe symptoms. (although there can be various other causes, but this is the most likely). you should definitely get an mri scan done of his lower back immediately and follow up with the neurosurgeon/ spine surgeon, and he will require decompression surgery as soon as possible.
### Input: can you explain the process of blood collection and processing in blood banking? ### Response: blood collection typically involves voluntary blood donations from eligible donors. once the blood is collected, it undergoes several steps of processing. first, it is centrifuged to separate the red blood cells, platelets, and plasma. these components are then individually processed, tested for infectious diseases such as hiv, hepatitis b and c, and syphilis, as well as blood typing and cross-matching. after the processing and testing, the blood products are stored under appropriate conditions, with red blood cells typically refrigerated, platelets stored at room temperature, and plasma frozen for longer-term storage.
### Input: hi, i suddenly have a horrible feeling under my ribcage on the left near my heart but just under, it s similar to a heart palpitation but it goes on for about 40seconds at a time and happens every few minutes or so and feels like something is beating very hard against my ribs or skin. i can feel it with my hand if i touch my ribs when it s happening. any idea what this is as i ve never experienced this feeling before. thank u. kirsty. ### Response: hi welcome to chat doctor. i understand your query and concern. this kind of rib pain should be ruled out for pericarditis as in your case. this needs following set of investigations. i advise you to have a baseline 2 dimensional echocardiography, ecg and lipid profile to assess the basic cardiac reserve of your heart. restrict the intake of salt to less than 6g/day. regular physical exercise in the form of brisk walk for 20 min a day for 5 days a week is pretty useful. chat doctor. reduce the intake of fatty and fried food. one pomegranate a day will help to keep your heart at good pace without clot formation. steroids will help to control the symptoms effectively. consult a cardiologist for further expert management. post your further queries if any. thank you.
### Input: how does the localization of proteolytic activity occur in front of cells? ### Response: what is the binding of gtp to rho and rho-gtpase activating to integrinαvβ? a1: the context mentions the binding of gtp to rho proteins and the rho-gtpase activating to integrinαvβ. this interaction activates mmp proteins and stimulates gtp hydrolysis by proteins known as rho-gaps. a2: the localization of proteolytic activity in front of cells occurs through the inhibition of the interaction between mmp and sequestering gtp-bound rho proteins in the cytoplasm. additionally, the suppression of integrinαvβ inhibits the growth of melanomas away from the gtp-gdp cycle.
### Input: in white and black american women with breast cancer, what can cause tumors to develop resistance to kinase inhibitors? ### Response: in white and black american women with breast cancer, tumors can develop resistance to kinase inhibitors due to the presence of an additional acquired mutation in the kinase region of the receptor. this mutation prevents the inhibitor from binding and altering egfr function, thus allowing the cancer cells to adapt and develop resistance.
### Input: hello i am 20 years old and i have always seemed to have almost random outbursts of anger i first started this when i was in 1st grade where i would have 1 2 hour bursts of anger followed by a long fit of crying i would completely freak out and start trying to injure myself start shouting resisting people trying to calm me etc it would be quite frequent at least once a week and would continue up until the end of 6th grade where after 6th grade i thought it was gone for good until i had an episode when i was a sophomore in high school when walking around with friends it was the same as before punching a stone wall shouting incoherently the exact same type of thing after that i usually have an episode about one time every year sometimes two sometimes i will also feel very depressed for about 1 2 hours as well with it just ending almost abruptly i have always absolutely hated what this is and i want to have an idea of what is going on thanks for reading ### Response: the description provided indicates that you might be having a mood disorder bipolar disorder but additional history and a face to face discussion is needed to know the exact problem for a proper diagnosis and treatment you might benefit by consulting a psychiatrist who can take a complete history and then decide on the treatment measures
### Input: an 11-year-old boy is brought to the doctor by his father because his father is worried about the boy's performance in school and his lack of a social life. his father is also worried about the ongoing bullying his son is experiencing due to swearing outbursts the boy has exhibited for several years. during these outbursts, the boy contorts his face, blinks repeatedly, and grunts. his father is worried that the bullying will worsen and would like to see if there is a medication that can help his son. which of the following medications is most likely to be beneficial? (a) valproic acid (b) risperidone (c) clonazepam (d) lithium ### Response: risperidone
### Input: definition: in this task, you are given a sentence in the english language. your job is to translate the english sentence into the romanian language. input: this is a problem that the professor has to deal with. output: ### Response: task explanation: 1. understand the task: the task requires you to translate a given english sentence into the romanian language. 2. analyze the given sentence: read and understand the meaning of the provided english sentence - "this is a problem that the professor has to deal with." 3. guidelines: there are no specific guidelines provided for this task, so it's essential to have a foundational understanding of the romanian language, its grammar, and vocabulary. 4. translate the sentence: use your knowledge of the romanian language to translate the given english sentence. you can refer to language learning resources, dictionaries, or online translation tools if needed. 5. check your translation: review your translated sentence to ensure that it accurately reflects the meaning of the original english sentence, and make any necessary adjustments. answer: aceasta este o problemă cu care profesorul trebuie să se confrunte.
### Input: how does demyelination in multiple sclerosis result in urge and overflow incontinence? ### Response: when demyelination occurs in the upper motor neurons (umn) of individuals with multiple sclerosis, it can lead to a spastic or hypertonic bladder, which causes urge incontinence. the umn is responsible for transmitting signals that control the bladder's smooth muscle, and when demyelination occurs, it can disrupt these signals, leading to involuntary contractions of the bladder. in contrast, when demyelination occurs in the lower motor neurons (lmn), it can lead to a flaccid or hypotonic bladder, resulting in overflow incontinence. the lmn is responsible for transmitting signals that control the bladder's sphincter muscle, and when demyelination occurs, it can disrupt these signals, leading to a loss of control over the bladder's release of urine. understanding the mechanisms of urge and overflow incontinence in multiple sclerosis can help healthcare providers develop effective treatment plans for patients experiencing these symptoms.
### Input: how can changes in a patient's respiratory status be monitored while on mechanical ventilation? ### Response: determined by the caliber (radius) of the airways and can be affected by the endotracheal tube and tubing connecting the patient to the ventilator - measuring respiratory system compliance: reflects the distensibility of the respiratory system as a whole, including the lungs and chest wall - monitoring peak inspiratory pressure (pip): reflects the force required to overcome both airway resistance and respiratory system compliance
### Input: generate a question that has the following answer: west virginia for the following movie plot: the fbi responds to a brief computer outage at their cyber-security division by tracking down top computer hackers, finding several of them have been killed. taking others into protective custody, the fbi asks new york city police department detective john mcclane (bruce willis) to bring in matthew "matt" farrell (justin long), one of the targeted hackers. mcclane finally arrives just in time to prevent farrell from being killed by assassins working for mai linh (maggie q), a mysterious cyber-terrorist who works for her boss and love interest, thomas gabriel (timothy olyphant). en route to washington, d.c. with mcclane, farrell reveals that he received a large sum of money from mai to write an algorithm that can crack a security system. as mcclane and farrell arrive in washington, gabriel orders his own crew of hackers to take control of the transportation grids and stock market, while nationally broadcasting a message threatening the united states. farrell recognizes this as the start of a "fire sale", an attack designed to target the nation's reliance on computer controls, such that "everything must go". mcclane and farrell are taken by police escort to the secure fbi headquarters, but mai reroutes the convoy into the path of an assault helicopter. mcclane takes down the helicopter by launching a police car over a damaged toll booth into it. as mcclane and farrell finally recover, gabriel initiates a second broadcast by showing a simulated explosion of the u.s. capitol building, sending the public into panic. farrell recognizes that his next target of the "fire sale" is likely the power grid, and the two drive to a utility superstation in west virginia. when they arrive, a team led by mai is breaking in and taking over the station's controls. mcclane kills all of them, and sends mai to her death in a vehicle at the bottom of an elevator shaft. he obtains video footage of gabriel which he relays to the fbi. enraged over mai's death, gabriel takes remote control of the natural gas distribution system and... answer: ### Response: in which u.s. state is the utility superstation located that mcclane and farrell drive to in order to stop the next target of the "fire sale" in the movie plot?
### Input: what precautions should be taken during perforator dissection for an igap flap? ### Response: during perforator dissection for an igap flap, care should be taken not to damage or include the light-colored adipose tissue in the medial aspect, which covers the ischium. this is to prevent postoperative discomfort for the patient when sitting. also, the largest perforator should be chosen to minimize complications such as partial flap loss.
### Input: q: in this task, you need to remove all words of a given length in the sentence. the number of letters in a word determine its length, for example, the length of the word "apple" is 5. sentence: 'a teddy bear shop with a full sized english guard teddy bear on display'. remove all words of length '4' in the given sentence. a: ### Response: step 1: identify the words of given length (4) in the sentence. in this case, the words with a length of 4 are 'bear', 'shop', and 'with'. step 2: split the sentence into words. split the sentence into words to create a list: ['a', 'teddy', 'bear', 'shop', 'with', 'a', 'full', 'sized', 'english', 'guard', 'teddy', 'bear', 'on', 'display'] step 3: remove all identified words from the list. remove all instances of the identified 4-letter words from the list: ['a', 'teddy', 'a', 'full', 'sized', 'english', 'guard', 'teddy', 'on', 'display'] step 4: reconstruct the sentence from the modified list. reconstruct the sentence by joining the words in the list: 'a teddy a full sized english guard teddy on display' the final modified sentence after removing all words of length 4 is: "a teddy a full sized english guard teddy on display".
### Input: answer based on context: coming off their dominating win over the dolphins, the bills flew to cleveland browns stadium for a week 15 intraconference duel with the cleveland browns in a race for the wild card. the game was played under horrible weather conditions with heavy lake effect snow falling throughout the game making it difficult for either team to move the ball offensively. in the first quarter, buffalo trailed early as browns kicker phil dawson managed to get a 35-yard field goal for the only score of the period. in the second quarter, the bills continued to trail as ls ryan neill's snap to punter brian moorman went over moorman's head, causing him to kick the ball through his endzone for a cleveland safety. later, the browns increased their lead with dawson just managing to nail a 49-yard field goal. near the end of the game, buffalo managed to get deep into cleveland territory. however, the browns' defense proved to be too much to overcome. with their first shutout loss since 2003, not only did the bills fall to 7-7, but it also knocked them out of the playoff race. which team allowed the most points all game? ### Response: the team that allowed the most points all game was the buffalo bills. remember, the other team, the cleveland browns, scored points against them.
### Input: what other source of prosthesis-associated irritation is mentioned in the study? how can it be treated? ### Response: folliculitis in the distribution of the synthetic prosthetic liner is mentioned as another source of prosthesis-associated irritation. the occlusive nature of the rubber sleeve worn under the prosthetic, combined with constant rubbing and sweat accumulation, can lead to frictional folliculitis and predispose patients to infections and pain. laser hair reduction in the areas covered by the sleeve has been shown to decrease irritation associated with prosthetic use, reduce sweating, and improve the patient's comfort, ability to exercise, and overall quality of life. the mechanism of action for decreased perspiration in areas treated with laser hair removal is still not fully understood.
### Input: tak čau. could you please translate this to english? ### Response: step 1: identify the language of the input text. the input text consists of two words: "tak" and "čau." this looks like czech language. step 2: translate the individual words. "tak" translates to "so" or "well" in english. "čau" translates to "bye" or "hi" in english. in this context, it is most likely used as a farewell. step 3: combine the translated words. combine the translated words to form an english translation. english translation: so, bye.
### Input: this article: although a low-quality version leaked on december 31, 2014, a full version of the recording was not made available for the public. a limited quantity edition cd single was issued in january 2015, and sent to the academy of motion picture arts and sciences as part of the submission process to be considered for the academy award for best original song. the single was included in the list of 79 contenders for the award, but it did not receive a nomination.a lyric video was uploaded onto the weinstein company's youtube channel on january 13, 2015. it was a minute and 35 seconds, and featured clips from the film. the video received over two million views in 24 hours. the video featured scenes from the film in which "the iconic peruvian bear finds himself in all manner of mishaps while trying to find a home and ultimately working his way into our hearts". the visual was included on the dvd and blu-ray releases of paddington along with a behind-the-scenes feature on the making of the track. matthew jacobson of the spectrum, a newspaper which is part of the usa today network, criticized the video for being "just clips of the movie set to a song" rather than a proper music video. alternatively, cinemablend.com's jessica rawden found the video to be "satsifying"."shine" is featured in the american trailer and the closing credits for paddington, but was not included in the british version of the film. idolator's christina lee wrote that the track was an exclusive release for the united states and canada. the song was excluded from the film's soundtrack album, as well as stefani's third studio album this is what the truth feels like (2016). during an interview with stefani and williams on january 21, 2015, radio host ryan seacrest erroneously announced the track was available for purchase on the itunes store. contains an answer for the question: what is the title of the track ryan seacrest erroneously announced was available for purchase on the itunes store?, what is it ? a: ### Response: the title of the track ryan seacrest erroneously announced was available for purchase on the itunes store is "shine."
### Input: how is "frank wrench... star of the television show wrench." said in czech? ### Response: in czech, you would say "frank wrench... hvězda televizního pořadu wrench." let me explain it like you're five years old: just like how we talk in english, people in a place called the czech republic speak a different language called czech. so, we change the words from english to czech to help them understand.
### Input: hello, i have been experiencing random coughs for about 2 weeks. i usually cough a lot in the morning (usually with in 2 hours of waking up) and some times i would get a cough attack during the day. i am trying to take nitequill for 3 days. do i have whooping cough ### Response: thanks for your question on chat doctor. i can understand your concern. no, possibility of whooping cough is less in your case. whooping cough is caused by pertussis bacteria. and vaccination with pertussis vaccine is mandatory in childhood for prevention of whooping cough. you must have vaccinated with pertussis vaccine in childhood, so no need to worry about pertussis at present. possibility of viral upper respiratory tract infection (uri) is more. so chat doctor. do warm water gargles 5-6 times a day. start antihistamines and anti-inflammatory
### Input: question: genetically modified organisms (gmo) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered by genetic engineering techniques generally known as recombinant dna technology. genetic engineering has expanded the genes available to breeders to utilize in creating desired germlines for new crops. increased durability, nutritional content, insect and virus resistance and herbicide tolerance are a few of the attributes bred into crops through genetic engineering. for some, gmo crops cause food safety and food labeling concerns. numerous countries have placed restrictions on the production, import or use of gmo foods and crops. currently a global treaty, the biosafety protocol, regulates the trade of gmos. there is ongoing discussion regarding the labeling of foods made from gmos, and while the eu currently requires all gmo foods to be labeled, the us does not.herbicide-resistant seed has a gene implanted into its genome that allows the plants to tolerate exposure to herbicides, including glyphosate. these seeds allow the farmer to grow a crop that can be sprayed with herbicides to control weeds without harming the resistant crop. herbicide-tolerant crops are used by farmers worldwide. with the increasing use of herbicide-tolerant crops, comes an increase in the use of glyphosate-based herbicide sprays. in some areas glyphosate resistant weeds have developed, causing farmers to switch to other herbicides. some studies also link widespread glyphosate usage to iron deficiencies in some crops, which is both a crop production and a nutritional quality concern, with potential economic and health implications.other gmo crops used by growers include insect-resistant crops, which have a gene from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt), which produces a toxin specific to insects. these crops resist damage by insects. some believe that similar or better pest-resistance traits can be acquired through traditional breeding practices, and resistance to various pests can be gained through hybridization or cross-pollination... two neighboring farms used different farming methods. hill farm used gmo seeds, fertilizers and pesticides. valley farm used only organic methods and non-gmo seeds. which farm had fewer iron deficiencies in some crops? answer: ### Response: to determine which farm had fewer iron deficiencies in some crops between hill farm, which used gmo seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides, and valley farm, which employed organic methods and non-gmo seeds, several factors must be considered. these factors include the specific gmo crops used, soil health, crop management, and the types of fertilizers and pesticides applied. as mentioned, some studies have linked widespread glyphosate usage to iron deficiencies in certain crops. if hill farm planted herbicide-resistant crops and heavily used glyphosate-based herbicide sprays, there might be a higher risk of iron deficiencies in their crops compared to valley farm. however, it is essential to note that these studies might not be conclusive, and other factors can also contribute to iron deficiencies. soil health plays a significant role in the nutrient availability of crops, including iron. organic farming practices, like those employed by valley farm, often focus on maintaining high soil quality through techniques such as crop rotation, composting, and minimizing the use of synthetic chemicals. hill farm, on the other hand, might not prioritize soil health to the same extent, and synthetic fertilizers and pesticides can negatively impact soil quality and nutrient content over time. moreover, crop management strategies used in both farms may have an impact on iron deficiencies. while traditional breeding practices and hybridization used by valley farm can help achieve pest-resistant crops, they don't guarantee an absence of iron deficiencies. it is crucial to identify the specific practices in place at both farms that address crop nutrition. lastly, the types of fertilizers and pesticides used by both farms can also play a role in iron availability in crops. fertilizers can either directly supply iron to plants or influence the soil ph, which can affect the availability of iron. organic fertilizers typically contain micronutrients, including iron, while synthetic fertilizers might focus primarily on macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, with limited micronutrients. given that gmo farming methods (hill farm) might increase the risk of iron deficiencies due to heavy use of glyphosate and potential impacts on soil health, and that organic farming practices (valley farm) prioritize soil quality and nutrient supply, there is a possibility that valley farm had a lower incidence of iron deficiencies in certain crops. however, it is important to consider the specific practices of each farm and the crops grown, as these factors greatly influence the final outcome. a definitive answer would require a thorough analysis of both farms.
### Input: what are the most important words in the following sentence: video of lake with boats passing by in the evening ### Response: the most important words in this sentence are: 1. video - this tells us that we are talking about a recording or a movie. 2. lake - this is a big body of water where the action is happening. 3. boats - these are the things floating on the water that are moving. 4. passing by - this means they are moving in front of us and we can see them. 5. evening - this tells us the time when this is happening, which is later in the day when the sun is going down.
### Input: how is csf different from serum? ### Response: csf is a clear fluid that is isotonic with serum. however, it has a lower concentration of protein, including immunoglobulins, compared to serum. the concentration of sodium ions (na+), chloride ions (cl-), and magnesium ions (mg+) is similar in both serum and csf. csf has a lower concentration of potassium ions (k+), calcium ions (ca+), bicarbonate ions (hco3-), and glucose, compared to serum. additionally, csf is devoid of red blood cells (rbcs) under normal conditions.
### Input: platelet count 2.3 widal test positive s.typhi o : 1.160 dln s.typhi h : 1.160 dln salmonella paratyphi a o : less than 1:20 salmonella paratyphi a h : less than 1:20 salmonella paratyphi b o : less than 1:20 salmonella paratyphi b h : less than 1:20 i am from india. is this severe typhoid? how much time i take to reover completely. i have given ojen plus 1-0-1 7days maxum 0-0-1 10 days ### Response: hello, thank you for your contact to chat doctor. i understand your concern. if i am your doctor i suggest you that it is the case of typhoid. you have to continue with the treatment. it will take a month or two to recover. meanwhile, do not eat heavy diet eat more in frequency few in amount. i will be happy to answer your further concerned can contact me. chat doctor. infectious disease specialist. thank you.
### Input: please briefly summarize this news article: top trader bets on j.c. penney rebound…again jim lebenthal, the current leader of the cnbc's "halftime report" portfolio competition, is making a bet that j.c. penney shares will move higher after trading sideways for one month. so far in 2015, the chief investment officer at lebenthal asset management is up 12 percent in his model portfolio, compared with a 1 percent return for the s&p 500. part of those gains were because of penney, which was one of the investor's top picks at the beginning of the year. he then sold the position in february as the stock rallied. ### Response: so, you remember when we play board games and we bet which player will win? jim lebenthal, who's very good at this game with money called trading, thinks the team named j.c. penney will score more points (that's when their shares go up) after they didn't move much in the game for a whole moon's time (or a month). this year, jim has won 12 treats out of 100 in his game, while the big game called s&p 500 only won 1. he won a lot of those treats because he bet on j.c. penney's team at the start of the year. but, he traded his bet in february when j.c. penney's team was doing well.
### Input: this isnt a super important question, but im just really curious. i was eating dinner and as i was chewing, my left jaw/cheek randomly felt slightly painful and tingling. it really doesnt hurt that much, it is just annoying. i stopped eating and this sensation has been going on for almost an hour. i feel it mostly in my cheek now. and if this is relevant, i have back and neck pain and my neck has been hurting/having spasms all day. this site also tells me to tell my age, etc. im 16 years old, 110 pounds, and i have scoliosis. thanks. ### Response: hello, read your query, as you have tingling sensation in jaw on chewing this can be due to some inflammation in gums, deposition of calculus, plaque, or due to caries i will suggest you to consult dentist and go for oral examination, and investigation if needed iowa x-ray and treatment. in meantime, you can do luke warm saline gargle two - three times a day, you can do chlorhexidine mouthwash twice daily, do properly brush twice daily. hope this will help you. wishing you good health.
### Input: are there any foods or medications that should be avoided while taking dasatinib? ### Response: yes, grapefruit and grapefruit juice can increase the levels of dasatinib in your body, which can lead to more serious side effects. it is best to avoid grapefruit while taking dasatinib. it is also important to discuss any other medications you are taking with your doctor to avoid any potential drug interactions.
### Input: please answer the following question: given the below context: this movie was inspired by a true story, following the life of a thug being released from prison after an 8 year prison sentence. in the beginning of the movie "g," who is played by the game, leaves prison determined to not be locked up again. it doesn't take long for the streets to pull g in again, and he meets a lady named alexis. however, both are hiding their secret lives (g being a hustler, alexis being an undercover cop), who discusses 150 kilos of cocaine that g and tone stole, which belonged to drug lord tito costa. coleman kidnaps alexis and takes her to costa. coleman calls g to let him know his girlfriend has been kidnapped. g then gathers up his men and heads to costa's garage, where a gun battle ensues. after the fight is over, all of g's and tito's men are dead or injured. g's right hand man kill tito,coleman shoot g's right hand man, g kill coleman and then finds out that alexis is an undercover cop. he then kills her. g walk off and want to start a new life in a good path and g's men who survived also want to start a new life too after they come out of the hospital. guess a valid title for it! answer: ### Response: "street redemption: a hustler's betrayal"
### Input: i have a new situation: michael and robert are scientists who work in a nuclear reactor facility. michael was replacing a fuel rod in the nuclear reactor when a small explosion happened, causing michael to be exposed to high doses of radiation in a short period of time. robert was in the adjacent room when the explosion happened, and as a result he only suffered low doses of radiation. but i can use this background: ionizing radiation has many practical uses in medicine, research and construction, but presents a health hazard if used improperly. exposure to radiation causes damage to living tissue; high doses result in acute radiation syndrome (ars), with skin burns, hair loss, internal organ failure and death, while any dose may result in an increased chance of cancer and genetic damage; a particular form of cancer, thyroid cancer, often occurs when nuclear weapons and reactors are the radiation source because of the biological proclivities of the radioactive iodine fission product, iodine-131. however, calculating the exact risk and chance of cancer forming in cells caused by ionizing radiation is still not well understood and currently estimates are loosely determined by population based data from the atomic bombings of hiroshima and nagasaki and from follow-up of reactor accidents, such as the chernobyl disaster. the international commission on radiological protection states that "the commission is aware of uncertainties and lack of precision of the models and parameter values", "collective effective dose is not intended as a tool for epidemiological risk assessment, and it is inappropriate to use it in risk projections" and "in particular, the calculation of the number of cancer deaths based on collective effective doses from trivial individual doses should be avoided." what is an answer for this question: who is less likely to experience internal organ failure? the answer to this question is: ### Response: robert is less likely to experience internal organ failure.
### Input: hi doctor, i am a 66 year old female with high blood pressure, having headaches (front of the head) for over a month. recccently did an mri and results are:mild microvasculaar disease in periventricular deep cerebral & sub cortal white matter bilaterally. my neurologist said not to worry about it but i am concerned. currently on pamelor to help prevent headaches. is this a good treatment. ### Response: hellothanks for writing to chatdoctormild microvascular disease in periventricular deep cerebral & subcortical white matter are related to ischemic changes resulting from involvement of small blood vessels. ischemic changes resulting from blood vessels changes in diseases like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia. so, you need monitoring of conditions that leads to ischemic changes like hypertension, altered lipid profile, diabetes mellitus so that further progression of disease can be halted. you need investigations like routine hologram, rbs,lft, rft, lipid profile, ultrasound of abdomen. proper treatment depend upon findings. you should take medicines for headache. hope i have answered your query. take care chat doctor.
### Input: what is the gold standard diagnostic test for temporal arteritis? ### Response: the gold standard diagnostic test for temporal arteritis is a temporal artery biopsy. however, it is important to note that this disease can cause "skip" lesions, so a negative biopsy does not entirely rule out the diagnosis. performing the biopsy within weeks of starting corticosteroid therapy is recommended to increase the chances of obtaining a positive result.
### Input: i had a cold/flu a month ago that lasted for a week and a half. after which i felt pressure in my chest, which i assumed was due to my asthma although i could feel fine. three weeks later i felt pain in my chest right in the middle of my chest and a few days later i got a cold again i usually only get colds twice a year, should i be concerned i have a cold twice in a one month span?should i be concerned about the chest pain or its just my asthma? ### Response: thanks for your question on chat doctor. i can understand your situation and problem. yes, you should definitely concern about your chest pain and recurrent cold. asthma can reduce lung defense and so recurrent viral infection is common. this is the cause for your recurrent cold. central chest pain can be due to uncontrolled asthma. so you should definitely consult pulmonologist and get done 1. clinical examination of respiratory system 2. put (pulmonary function test). pft will tell you about severity of the disease, so that additional bronchodilators can be given if needed. for recurrent viral infection, better to take influenza vaccine. it should be given annually. it gives protection for 1 year. so consult pulmonologist and discuss all these. hope i have solved your query. wish you good health. thanks.
### Input: what does cardiac radionuclide imaging mean? ### Response: rest rna for initial assessment of lv and rv function at rest i (a) mpi and pet for assessment of myocardial viability for consideration of revascularization in patients with cad and lv systolic dysfunction who do not have angina i (b) mpi for assessment of the co-presence of cad in patients without angina. iia (b) rest rna for routine serial assessment of lv and rv function at rest iib (b) exercise rna for initial or serial assessment of ventricular function with exercise iib (b)
### Input: doctor, i have this itchy rash on my skin, and it's spreading rapidly. my lips and eyes are also starting to swell. what do you think it could be, and what medications do you recommend for it? ### Response: it sounds like you might have erythema multiforme. i'll prescribe diphenhydramine, prednisolone, hydroxyzine, reserpine, mineral oil, selenium sulfide topical, hydralazine, clotrimazole topical, labetalol, erythromycin, and acyclovir for you to take to treat this condition.
### Input: a 48-year-old man is unable to pass urine after undergoing open abdominal surgery. his physical examination and imaging findings suggest that the cause of his urinary retention is non-obstructive and is most probably due to urinary bladder atony. he is prescribed a new selective muscarinic (m3) receptor agonist, which improves his symptoms. which of the following is most likely involved in the mechanism of action of this new drug? (a) inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (b) inhibition of guanylyl cyclase (c) activation of phospholipase c (d) increased transmembrane k+ conductance ### Response: activation of phospholipase c
### Input: write an article that answers the following question: which unit was deactivated first, the 7th division or the 2nd squadron, 10th cavalary? ### Response: title: the history of military unit deactivation: 7th division vs 2nd squadron, 10th cavalry introduction as the military landscape evolves, various units are often deactivated or reformatted to fit the changing needs of the defense establishment. two such units are the 7th division and the 2nd squadron, 10th cavalry. in this article, we will discuss the histories of both units and determine which one was deactivated first. step 1: research the 7th division's history the 7th division, also known as the "bayonet division," was an infantry division of the united states army established in 1918. its primary purpose was to fulfil the offensive and defensive needs of the united states during the first world war. deactivation of the 7th division: the 7th infantry division was deactivated for the first time on september 22, 1921, after the end of wwi demobilization. it was then reactivated in 1940 before being deactivated again in 1945. the division saw further reactivation (and subsequent deactivations) throughout the years. it was last inactivated on october 16, 1994. step 2: research the 2nd squadron, 10th cavalry's history the 2nd squadron, 10th cavalry, part of the famed "buffalo soldiers," was a unit of the united states army established in 1867. originally a segregated african-american unit, this cavalry served in the indian wars and protected settlers on the western frontier. deactivation of the 2nd squadron, 10th cavalry: the 2nd squadron, 10th cavalry was deactivated for the first time only in october 1940. this was done to consolidate squadrons and abide by the 1940 reorganization of the u.s. army cavalry units. step 3: compare the deactivation dates and draw conclusions the first deactivation of the 7th division occurred on september 22, 1921, while the first deactivation of the 2nd squadron, 10th cavalry happened on october 1940. conclusion based on the research, we can conclude that the 7th division was deactivated first before the 2nd squadron, 10th cavalry. this distinction gives us insight into the shifting priorities of the united states military throughout history and provides a greater understanding of the strategic decisions behind unit deactivations. while both units have a storied past, their deactivation and subsequent reactivations highlight the evolving needs and requirements of the u.s. military in response to global events and conflicts.
### Input: a 4-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician by her parents for a 1-year history of gradual loss of speech and motor skills. pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated, and development was normal until the age of 3 years. her parents say she used to run and speak in short sentences but now is only able to walk slowly and cannot form sentences. she avoids eye contact and constantly rubs her hands together. there are no dysmorphic facial features. neurologic examination shows marked cognitive and communicative delay. she has a broad-based gait and is unable to hold or pick up toys on her own. which of the following mutations is the most likely underlying cause of this patient's condition? (a) microdeletion of methyl-cpg binding protein 2 on x-chromosome (b) cgg trinucleotide repeat in fmr1 gene on x-chromosome (c) ctg trinucleotide repeat in dmpk gene on chromosome 19 (d) partial deletion of long arm of chromosome 7 ### Response: microdeletion of methyl-cpg binding protein 2 on x-chromosome
### Input: please answer the following question: information: - halloween or hallowe'en (a contraction of all hallows' evening), also known as allhalloween, all hallows' eve, or all saints' eve, is a celebration observed in a number of countries on 31 october, the eve of the western christian feast of all hallows' day. it begins the three-day observance of allhallowtide, the time in the liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead, including saints (hallows), martyrs, and all the faithful departed. - columbia university (officially columbia university in the city of new york) is a private ivy league research university in upper manhattan, new york city. it was established in 1754 as king's college by royal charter of george ii of great britain. columbia is the oldest college in the state of new york and the fifth chartered institution of higher learning in the country, making it one of nine colonial colleges founded before the declaration of independence. after the american revolutionary war, king's college briefly became a state entity, and was renamed columbia college in 1784. a 1787 charter placed the institution under a private board of trustees before it was renamed columbia university in 1896 when the campus was moved from madison avenue to its current location in morningside heights occupying of land. columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the association of american universities, and was the first school in the united states to grant the m.d. degree. - allhallowtide, hallowtide, allsaintstide, or the hallowmas season, is the triduum encompassing the western christian observances of all saints' eve (halloween), all saints' day (all hallows') and all souls' day, which last from october 31 to november 2 annually. allhallowtide is a "time to remember the dead, including martyrs, saints, and all faithful departed christians." the present date of hallowmas (all saints' day) and thus also of its vigil (hallowe'en) was established for rome perhaps by pope gregory iii (731741) and was made of obligation throughout the frankish empire by louis the pious in 835. elsewhere, other dates were observed even later, with the date in ireland being 20 april. in the early 11th century, the modern date of all souls' day was popularized, after abbot odilo established it as a day for the monks of cluny and associated monasteries to pray for the dead. - drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. the term comes from a greek word meaning "action" (classical greek: , "drama"), which is derived from "to do" (classical greek: , "drao"). the two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy. they are symbols of the ancient greek muses, thalia, and melpomene. thalia was the muse of comedy (the laughing face), while melpomene was the muse of tragedy (the weeping face). considered as a genre of poetry in general, the dramatic mode has been contrasted with the epic and the lyrical modes ever since aristotle's "poetics" (c. 335 bce)the earliest work of dramatic theory. - trick ' r treat is a 2007 american - canadian anthology horror - comedy film written and directed by michael dougherty . the film stars dylan baker , brian cox and anna paquin , and centers on four halloween - related horror stories . one common element that ties the stories together is the presence of sam , a mysterious child trick - or - treater wearing shabby orange pajamas with a burlap sack over his head , that makes an appearance in all the stories whenever someone breaks halloween traditions . despite being delayed for two years and having a very limited theatrical release , the film received much critical acclaim and has since garnered a strong cult following . in october 2013 , the filmmakers announced that a sequel , trick ' r treat 2 , is in the works . - superman is a fictional superhero appearing in american comic books published by dc comics. the character was created by writer jerry siegel and artist joe shuster, high school students living in cleveland, ohio, in 1933. they sold superman to detective comics, the future dc comics, in 1938. superman debuted in "action comics" 1 (cover-dated june 1938) and subsequently appeared in various radio serials, newspaper strips, television programs, films, and video games. with this success, superman helped to create the superhero archetype and establish its primacy within the american comic book. the character is also referred to by such epithets as the man of steel, the man of tomorrow, and the last son of krypton. - anna helene paquin (born july 24, 1982) is a canadian-born new zealand actress. born in manitoba and brought up in wellington, new zealand, paquin studied at hutt intermediate school and the wellington girls' college in new zealand before moving to los angeles during her youth where she studied at windward school and went on to complete a year at columbia university before leaving post-secondary to focus on her acting career. as a child, she beat 5000 candidates for the role of flora mcgrath in jane campion's romantic drama film "the piano" (1993), despite having had little to no acting experience prior to getting the role. for her performance, she received the academy award for best supporting actress at the age of 11, making her the second-youngest academy award winner in oscar history. - superman returns is a 2006 american superhero film directed and produced by bryan singer. it is based on the dc comics character superman and serves as a homage sequel to the motion pictures "superman" (1978) and "superman ii" (1980), ignoring the events of "superman iii" (1983) and "" (1987) to create a soft reboot. the film stars brandon routh as clark kent/superman, kate bosworth as lois lane, kevin spacey as lex luthor, with james marsden, frank langella, and parker posey. the film tells the story of the title character returning to earth after a five-year absence. he finds that his love interest lois lane has moved on with her life, and that his archenemy lex luthor is plotting a scheme that will destroy superman and the world. - michael dougherty is an american film director, producer, and screenwriter, known for his work with dan harris on the scripts for bryan singer's films "x2" and "superman returns". he's also known for writing and directing the cult horror film "trick 'r treat". on october 28, 2013, at a special screening, it was announced to the surprise of the audience that a sequel will be produced by legendary pictures. he also directed, co-wrote, and co-produced the horror/comedy "krampus" (2015). - bryan jay singer (born september 17, 1965) is an american film director, film producer, writer, and actor. he is the founder of bad hat harry productions and he has produced or co-produced almost all of the films he has directed. he wrote and directed his first film in 1988 after graduating from university. his next film, "public access" (1993), was a co-winner of the grand jury prize at the 1993 sundance film festival. in the mid-1990s, singer received critical acclaim for directing the neo-noir crime thriller "the usual suspects" (1995), which starred stephen baldwin, benicio del toro and kevin spacey. he followed this with another thriller, "apt pupil" (1998), about a boy's fascination with a nazi war criminal. - new zealand is an island nation in the southwestern pacific ocean. the country geographically comprises two main landmassesthat of the north island, or te ika-a-mui, and the south island, or te waipounamuand numerous smaller islands. new zealand is situated some east of australia across the tasman sea and roughly south of the pacific island areas of new caledonia, fiji, and tonga. because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. during its long period of isolation, new zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal and plant life. the country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the southern alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. new zealand's capital city is wellington, while its most populous city is auckland. - the piano is a 1993 new zealand drama film about a mute piano player and her daughter. set during the mid-19th century in a rainy, muddy frontier backwater town on the west coast of new zealand, it revolves around the piano player's passion for playing the piano and her efforts to regain her piano after it is sold. "the piano" was written and directed by jane campion, and stars holly hunter, harvey keitel, sam neill, and anna paquin in her first acting role. the film's score for the piano by michael nyman became a best-selling soundtrack album, and hunter played her own piano pieces for the film. she also served as sign language teacher for paquin, earning three screen credits. the film is an international co-production by australian producer jan chapman with the french company ciby 2000. - dame elizabeth jane campion (born 30 april 1954) is a new zealand screenwriter, producer, and director. campion is the second of four women ever nominated for the academy award for best director and is the firstand thus far, onlyfemale filmmaker in history to receive the palme d'or, which she received for directing the acclaimed film "the piano" (1993), for which she won the academy award for best original screenplay. what is the relationship between 'trick 'r treat' and 'bryan singer'? answer: ### Response: the relationship between 'trick 'r treat' and bryan singer is that singer served as a producer for the film. 'trick 'r treat' is a 2007 american-canadian anthology horror-comedy film written and directed by michael dougherty. bryan singer, an american film director, producer, writer, and actor, is the founder of bad hat harry productions and produced 'trick 'r treat' through his production company. furthermore, michael dougherty collaborated with bryan singer on the scripts for singer's films "x2" and "superman returns" prior to making 'trick 'r treat'.
### Input: write an article based on this summary: a university has introduced gender-neutral toilets in response to "a growing population of trans students". ### Response: title: university introduces gender-neutral toilets: a step forward for inclusivity introduction recently, a prominent university has decided to take a significant step in promoting inclusivity and diversity by introducing gender-neutral toilets on its campus. this decision comes as a response to the growing population of transgender students, creating a safer and more supportive environment for everyone. with the increasing awareness and understanding of transgender and gender nonconforming individuals, the implementation of gender-neutral toilets is becoming more crucial than ever. a growing population of transgender students in recent years, there has been a notable growth in the population of transgender students, bringing about a greater need for universities and schools to adapt to their requirements and concerns. as society becomes more open and accepting of different gender identities, more individuals feel empowered to openly embrace their authentic selves. consequently, educational institutions must reevaluate their policies and facilities to match this growing need. why gender-neutral toilets are important gender-neutral toilets provide a safe and inclusive space for both transgender and gender nonconforming individuals, allowing them to use facilities without fear of discrimination or reprisal. traditional gender-segregated restrooms can often be uncomfortable and even dangerous for these individuals, as they might face harassment, ridicule, or physical violence simply for using the restroom that corresponds with their gender identity. furthermore, the presence of gender-neutral toilets on campus eliminates the need for transgender students to choose between only male or female restrooms, which might not accurately represent their identity. this, in turn, creates a more positive and stress-free environment, contributing to the overall wellbeing of students and encouraging a more diverse and inclusive atmosphere. in addition to benefitting the transgender community, gender-neutral toilets can also provide many advantages to other groups of people, such as parents with young children of a different gender or individuals with disabilities who require the assistance of a caregiver of a different gender. thus, the implementation of gender-neutral restrooms is an excellent way to cater to various needs, promoting inclusivity and respect for all users. steps taken by the university the university has started to retrofit existing restrooms, turning them into gender-neutral toilets by replacing the signage and ensuring that adequate privacy and safety measures are in place. additionally, they plan to include gender-neutral restrooms in all upcoming building projects, demonstrating their dedication to making the campus as inclusive and welcoming as possible. the students' requests and voices have been a crucial force behind this initiative, highlighting the importance of active participation and advocacy. conclusion the introduction of gender-neutral toilets by the university marks a significant stride in creating an inclusive and supportive campus environment. it not only fosters a culture of acceptance and understanding but also advocates for the needs of trans and gender-nonconforming students, sending a clear message that they are valued and embraced by the institution. with more universities and schools recognizing the need for such facilities, it is hopeful that this is a trend that will continue to grow, prioritizing the wellbeing, dignity, and comfort of all students, regardless of their gender identity.
### Input: why is acetylcholine not commonly used as a drug? ### Response: acetylcholine lacks specificity, is irregularly absorbed systemically, and is rapidly hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase. it is primarily used in certain situations, such as instilling it into the eye after cataract surgery to induce rapid and complete miosis. its use is limited due to its short duration of action and the potential side effects resulting from its non-specific effects on cholinergic receptors.
### Input: summarize this article: secretary of state rex tillerson said on cbs news' "face the nation" sunday there is a chance the u.s. could stay in the paris climate agreement "under the right conditions." "if you recall, the president also said, 'look, we are willing to work with partners in the paris climate accord if we can construct a set of terms that we believe is fair and balanced for the american people and recognizes our economy, our economy-- our economic interest relative to others," said tillerson. he said the plan is for gary cohn -- mr. trump's chief economic adviser and the director of the national economic council -- "to consider other ways in which we can work with partners in the paris climate accord." "we want to be productive. we want to be helpful," he said. tillerson on paris accord and north korea his comments came after the white house denied any change to the trump administration's position on the paris climate agreement, after the wall street journal, citing a european union official, reported the u.s. will not back out of the deal. "there has been no change in the united states' position on the paris agreement," white house deputy press secretary lindsay walters said in a statement on saturday. "as the president has made abundantly clear, the united states is withdrawing unless we can re-enter on terms that are more favorable to our country." \|\|\|\|\| nicaragua will reportedly join the paris climate accord, leaving the u.s. and syria as the only two nations left refusing to support the landmark deal to fight global warming. nicaraguan president daniel ortega told state media that his government planned to sign the agreement “soon,” according to a report from the managua-based television station 100% noticias. a call seeking comment to the nicaraguan embassy in washington wasn’t immediately returned wednesday. ortega had initially refused to join the 2015 accord brokered in the french capital, saying the deal didn’t require enough sacrifice from wealthy nations. president donald trump said in june that he would pull the u.s. from the accord because it imposed too many restrictions on u.s. companies. — with assistance by eric roston \|\|\|\|\| nicaragua was one of the final holdouts on signing the paris agreement on climate change, but after seeing other countries deal with devastating natural disasters, the country is joining the deal. that leaves the united states and syria as the only countries not participating. under the trump administration, the u.s. vowed to pull out earlier this year after obama signed the climate agreement in 2015. syria rejected it outright. nicaragua hadn't signed before because its leaders thought the deal didn't go far enough to fight climate change. on monday, the latin american country announced it was signing to support other nations vulnerable to the effects of climate change, like sea level rise and coastal flooding. nicaragua confirms intent to join the parisagreement on climate change: via @elnuevodiario — wri climate (@wriclimate) september 20, 2017 many noticed that nicaraguan president daniel ortega said in an announcement that his country was joining in solidarity with countries reeling from the destruction of natural disasters. "the main reason" nicaragua is joining: "solidarity with the countries most vulnerable to the impact of natural disasters." imagine that. — emily atkin (@emorwee) september 20, 2017 recent hurricanes battering the caribbean and u.s. come to mind. climate studies indicate that hurricane impacts, including storm surge flooding and heavy rainfall, are already worsening due to human-caused global warming. as the world continues to warm, hurricanes are expected to contain stronger winds as well, and may be more prone to periods of rapid intensification. so far this season, the u.s. has been hit by three category 4 hurricanes, which is unprecedented since reliable records began in the late 19th century. the world resource institute's climate program global director paula caballero said we should be celebrating that nicaragua is on board. in a phone call she said it sends a "powerful message for the two countries" refusing to get involved. though syria is dealing with a long, devastating military conflict, so climate treaties aren't a top priority right now. she acknowledged nicaragua has been "committed to tackling climate change" and already working on lowering its dependence on carbon. by signing the agreement, she said the country can only improve its climate impact and economy. now let's see if donald trump notices that the only other country not part of the deal is in the middle of a civil war. andrew freedman contributed reporting. \|\|\|\|\| summary: ### Response: us secretary of state rex tillerson has presented the possibility of the united states remaining in the paris climate agreement if the terms are deemed beneficial for the nation. although white house deputy press secretary lindsay walters has denied any change to the administration’s stance on the agreement, mr. tillerson expressed a willingness to formally cooperate with partners of the paris accord under the correct conditions. nicaragua has recently joined the global agreement, leaving the united states and syria as the only nations refusing to sign in support of the landmark deal against global warming.
### Input: she is voiced by tara platt in the japanese anime and by kanako hatori in the english dub . she is expressed in the japanese anime by tara platt and in the english dub by kanako hatori . select your answer from the options. do these sentences mean the same thing? select from: i. no; ii. yes; ### Response: ii. yes both sentences are telling us about a character's voice actors. they are just organized differently. tara platt is the voice actor for the japanese anime, and kanako hatori is the voice actor for the english dub. the second sentence is just a different way of saying the same thing. it's like saying "i like ice cream" and "ice cream is what i like." they both mean the same.
### Input: opt: a. negative b. positivewould the following phrase be considered positive or negative? 's a hoot watching the rock chomp on jumbo ants , pull an arrow out of his back , and leap unscathed through raging fire ### Response: the phrase 'it's a hoot watching the rock chomp on jumbo ants, pull an arrow out of his back, and leap unscathed through raging fire' would be considered positive. it might sound a bit odd, but in this context, 'a hoot' means something fun or entertaining. it's like when you find cartoons really enjoyable! it indicates that the person is having a good time watching these high-action scenarios.
### Input: is it possible to prevent ptsd? ### Response: while it may not be possible to completely prevent ptsd, there are steps individuals and communities can take to reduce the risk of trauma and improve resilience in the aftermath of traumatic events. these include early intervention and support for individuals who have experienced trauma, trauma-informed care, and community-based support and resources for individuals and families affected by trauma.
### Input: you will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. in this task, you will use your knowledge about language (and common sense) to determine what element the marked number refers to. the numbers are marked with two underlines around them, like: _ number _. there are several possible answers, you'll need to choose the proper one. carefully read the given text, pay special attention to the marked number, think about what (unwritten) information the marked number holds inside, choose the most adequate word(s) from the optional answers. if none of them seems right to you, there's also an option for other. if your answer is "reference", also write the reference entity, otherwise write the implicit option name. options to choose from are: reference: some object which is being mentioned in the text before or after the target number. the reference answer has a higher priority than any other. if both reference and another answer are possible, prioritize the reference. year: describing a calendric year age: describing someone's age currency: reference to some monetary value e.g dollar, euro etc. people: describing a single/plural persons time: describing a time of the day. usually you can add the word o'clock after those numbers. other: some other option, which isn't listed here. peter tong: i dream of delicate flower , the mother of my sons , to carry on the name of tong . and what walks in ? miss chicken fat of _ 1955 _ . output: ### Response: year
### Input: how to lose more weight and get into exercise so back in march i weighed 150 lbs at 57 i had been rather fed up with this so i cut out a lot of carbs less bread pasta sugar etc by may i weighed 140 lbs and now i think its time to lose 10 more pounds seeing as my diet is a lot healthier i suspect changing that any further will not help unless i go extreme and be miserable i have tried cardio regimes but the soreness always keeps me from sticking with it if i am sore is it a good idea to exercise anyway ### Response: go slowly at first if you are sore weight training might be helpful for you as well keep in mind that cardio is great for endurance and fat burning but for every pound of muscle you burn 6 calories versus 2 for every pound of fat per day make sure you eat enough protein and vegetables you were doing great in your carb cutting
### Input: news article: jacques hyzagi: 'elle on earth' journalist discusses his quest to dismantle media last week, a freelance reporter with a thirst for public revenge decided to take on the insular new york media world. predictably, his writing went viral. jacques hyzagi unleashed a vicious torrent of insults targeting elle magazine editors who, he argued, butchered his interview with comme des garçons designer rei kawakubo. in the piece, published in the new york observer, he then went on to target the atlantic (“boring”), politico (“vapid”), new york magazine (“bores”) and new yorker editor david remnick (“nice, but he’s no william shawn”). but just who is hyzagi to be such an arbiter of taste? and why is his online presence so limited? we met at the local starbucks in east hampton on friday night (hyzagi lives in manhattan, but is staying with friends right now). he was running 40 minutes late due to back and leg injuries from a motorbike accident a week earlier, which left him with a limp. upon arrival, he asked me to turn my computer and phone off – and watched to ensure both went blank – and banned my use of a voice recorder. i asked him why he’s keen to take such precautions. “this thing has exploded in such a way. it’s a sensitive time, a sensitive issue.” dressed in sweatpants, he said he hadn’t slept in two days. “i was attacked in a very vicious way. i’m insulted every five minutes … i’m taking grenades from iraq,” he said, referring to someone from iraq who insulted him in twitter. he fidgeted, breaking apart a coffee stirrer into little pieces. his story got coverage in the new york post, hollywood reporter, jezebel and multiple fashion blogs, but clearly it wasn’t the reaction he was expecting. “why are people taking the side of the powerful figures i attack? there is a rush to conformity here i find puzzling,” he said. “aren’t you supposed to question authority and establishment?” his article, he said, is a conversation starter about ethics in journalism. in the piece, he claimed that elle allowed comme des garçons to edit the interview as they wanted, turning it into a puff marketing piece rather than a hard-hitting interview. “are we journalists here are or are we corporate shills?” he asked. he thinks people aren’t taking his side because he upset “the chain of command” by insulting editors. he also reckons he’s pissed off a lot of reporters because they think he’s come out of nowhere and hasn’t paid his dues. hyzagi spoke with a heavy french accent but said he has lived in new york for decades. he conveyed an air of international man of mystery – but that’s mainly because he refuses nearly all personal questions. “i’m afraid you’re trying to psychotherapy me,” he replied when i asked about his life. he did tell me he grew up in paris and worked in the offices of charlie hebdo as a teenager. he said he learned about journalism ethics while making documentaries for his master’s at nyu tisch school of the arts (a spokesperson from nyu said hyzagi enrolled in the mfa film program in 1992, but dropped out before the end of the first term). he said he received his phd in art history from the sorbonne. a self-proclaimed anarchist, he thinks that a backlash focusing on his personality means those in the media can ignore his larger concerns about the state of journalism. “to portray me as a freak makes the system work. if they know i’m this average schmuck, it would scare the shit out of them,” he said. and yet, how does an average schmuck with little media experience (he’s published just nine stories with the observer, plus the kawakubo interviews with the guardian and elle) land interviews with actor morgan freeman, philosopher bernard-henri lévy, comedian ricky gervais and cartoonist robert crumb? after all, his first story published in the observer was a convoluted resignation letter after leaving his role as an art history lecturer at queensborough community college. the second was an exclusive interview with julian assange, where he was flown over london and interviewed the wikileaks founder at his home in the ecuador embassy. “it’s like asking a magician his tricks,” he replied. hyzagi wrote in his piece, titled elle on earth, that he has dated models and knows designers; i suggested perhaps those personal connections helped him land the kawakubo interview. he laughed. “i got to rei by fucking a supermodel. i got to assange by fucking a spy at mi6. i got to ricky gervais by fucking stephen merchant [gervais’s long-time comedy collaborator],” he announced, raising his eyebrows. “the bottom line is don’t ask mcdonald’s for the secret sauce”. he added: “only assholes would tell you they got there by hard work … you got where you are now because your daddy had a lot of money and connections, or you seized opportunities”. so is he a trustafarian, living off some french family money? “i can assure you, i’m not. have you heard about amex?” he said, adding that he only pushed for the elle article to be published because he needed to pay off his credit card debt he accumulated during his trip to paris for the interview. although he was “uncomfortable” explaining how he’d gotten his big-name interviews, he happily discussed his time at working at hara-kiri – a monthly magazine by the publishers of controversial satirical magazine charlie hebdo which folded in 1989. “i was a teenager, but fearless,” he said, explaining that he spent six months working on a project that never got off the ground. “i lived in the center of paris and would go to famous writers and convince them to write for hebdo.” he names novelist and playwright marguerite duras, whose home was near his. “i stalked her.” it was the 1980s and hyzagi spent his time writing and dreaming up wild ideas for hara-kiri. “i was seated next to a neo-nazi. there was a weird leftist anarchist to my left,” he explained. “they were insane people put in a room together.” the magazine’s founder, georges bernier, was “a walking nightmare but everyone loved him”. “he had no heroes and no allegiances,” said hyzagi. once in the us, hyzagi worked at small us colleges as an art history professor, which he resigned from publicly. he filed complaints with the department of education about being told to fake grades at long island university so students wouldn’t drop out, and spoke to the press about it. although his self-destructive streak was obvious in his viral piece, he asked if there are jobs opening at the guardian. he also wanted me to put down that he’s interested in working for the independent. brushing those requests aside, i asked who he’d like to interview next. he mentioned remnick from the new yorker (despite insulting his leadership in his piece) and dean baquet, executive editor of the new york times (although he also noted that no one should trust the paper because of its reporting of the iraq war). other dream interviewees include iranian filmmaker abbas kiarostami, black lives matter activists, barack obama, hillary clinton and jeb bush. i ask if any of those interviews are already being discussed. “some things are in the process of being made,” he said. we talked for nearly three hours, and i told him i felt i only knew the bare bones of his life because he is so cagey. that’s exactly what he wants – to make sure his critics can’t dismiss him even more. “they want to make it personal to deflect, deflect, deflect,” he said. most reporters are lazy and greedy, he reckons. “corporate media: they can’t piss on it because they want a piece of it. that’s a good quote,” he says. starbucks closed at 10pm, and we continued the conversation outside, only leaving when his back ached too much to stand. he tried to make sure i was going to write about the “real issues” he’d raised, but then threw his hands in the air. “talk about what you want,” he declared with a gallic shrug. what are the most important parts of this news article? ### Response: jacques hyzagi, a freelance reporter, has recently gained attention for his scathing criticism of elle magazine editors, who he claims mishandled his interview with comme des garçons designer rei kawakubo. the criticized article, published in the new york observer, went on to target various media outlets as well, including the atlantic, politico, and new york magazine. hyzagi sees his article as a conversation starter about journalistic ethics, questioning whether journalists should be corporate shills. despite the personal backlash he has received, hyzagi remains committed to raising concerns about the state of journalism and media ethics.
### Input: given the task definition and input, reply with output. given a premise, an initial context, an original ending, and a counterfactual context, the task is to generate a new story ending aligned with the counterfactual context and as close to the original ending as possible. each instance consists of a five-sentence story. the premise is the first sentence of a story, and the second sentence, which is the initial context, provides more information about the story's context and the story's general plot. the original ending is the last three sentences of the story. also, a counterfactual context is a slight modification to the initial context. you should write a new story ending that edits the original story ending as little as possible to regain coherence with the counterfactual context. to sum up, you should write the last three sentences of a story based on the premise(first sentence) and the counterfactual context(second sentence) of the story. premise: when george was little, he really wanted to see star wars. initial context: he stood in line for three days and slept on the ground. original ending: but on the last night, it started raining so hard, he went back home. he was so disappointed, he refused to go see the movie. it took him twenty years to finally let go and watch star wars. counterfactual context: he stood in line for three days and eventually got tickets. ### Response: new ending: after securing the tickets, he was overjoyed and couldn't wait to see the movie. the day finally came, and he experienced the magic of star wars on the big screen. from that moment on, george became a lifelong fan and cherished the memory of standing in line for three days.
### Input: hi, i am currently 18 years old right now. i have been coughing non-stop for two weeks now, and sometimes my heart would be aching and i would feel a bit suffocated. i went to my doctor and told him about the coughing. he prescribe me a cough syrup, but it does not work. i tried everything.. and i don t know what to do. ### Response: thanks for your question on chat doctor. in my opinion you are having either bronchitis or lower respiratory tract infection (leti). as chronic cough (more than 2 weeks) is seen in both these conditions. so consult pulmonologist and get done1. chest x ray2. put (pulmonary function test). chest x-ray is needed to rule out leti. pft is needed to rule out bronchitis. so discuss these things with your doctor and start treatment accordingly.
### Input: i have a question about a medication called oxybutynin topical. can you tell me why it is prescribed and who should get it? ### Response: oxybutynin topical is typically prescribed to treat symptoms of an overactive bladder, such as urinary urgency, frequency, and urge incontinence. it works by relaxing the muscles in the bladder and reducing spams. it should only be used by adults and as prescribed by a healthcare provider.
### Input: can a person be healthy and still be overweight? ### Response: it's possible for someone to be overweight but metabolically healthy, which means they have no signs of high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or high blood sugar. however, carrying excess weight can still put a strain on the joints, cause shortness of breath, and increase the risk of developing health problems later in life.
### Input: if "a woman wears a black dress and a pink coat and a white pendant on a long chain." does that mean that "the pendant is large."? options: - yes - it is not possible to tell - no let's be accurate as possible and think first. ### Response: it is not possible to tell. the statement "a woman wears a black dress and a pink coat and a white pendant on a long chain." does not provide any information about the size of the pendant. therefore, we cannot determine if the pendant is large or not.
### Input: i m married girl my age is 22 and almost 8 months are over. there are irregular periods from last 3 months and before sex i had little spotting for 2 days i ignored it,,.. and after that i had sex with my husband i m not planed to become mother so early, and to avoid pregnancy i took the i-pill.. after taking i pill the spotting is still continuing... is there any harm for my health so what is the care should i take???? please suggest me ### Response: hello dear, i understand your concern. in my opinion as you have irregular periods the ovulation cannot be predicted. so it is difficult to say in which part of menstrual cycle you are i.e., nearing to period or not. so you might be already in hormonal imbalance state. the pill might have created further hormonal imbalance leading to spotting. anyways i suggest you to take a urine pregnancy test to know the cause of initial spotting. i suggest you to see the gynecologist. nothing to worry. it gets normal with apt treatment. best regards....
### Input: how is telomere length maintained and what is its role in tumorigenesis? ### Response: telomere length is maintained by the enzyme telomerase, specifically telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert) and telomerase rna component (terc). telomeres serve to maintain chromosomal integrity and facilitate dna replication. telomere length has a tumor suppressor function, as telomeres are degraded with each cell division. in the absence of telomerase activity, telomeres become critically short, leading to genomic instability and cellular senescence or apoptosis. this mechanism acts as a powerful inhibitor of neoplastic transformation.
### Input: my mother age 51 yrs suffering from hypertension bp 190/90 mm hgshe takes losar 50, stamlo 5, metolar xr25, dytor 10, ecosprin 75 daily for the last 3 yrs. inspite of taking so many medicines she suffers from muscle cramps, throbbing sensation, palpitation, talks on religious matters, maniacal, repetitevely talks on same matterid like to know if on holistic approach a single medicine can cover the whole symptology and gives her relief ### Response: certainly one would check out simple blood tests to monitor potassium and magnesium and kidney function all of which are likely to be affected by htn treatments. weight loss will lower bp if someone loses about 10% of their weight. but it only lowers it one notch (lowering one or chat doctor. however, although these medicines are all good, and if one has heart problems there are good reasons to be on all of them, if there is just blood pressure as the only problem, generally we would go at a high dose of one before adding a second and none of the medicines are at their highest doses.
### Input: i heard that lee couldn't find their skateboard. when they arrived at the skate park, they found that their sister quinn had taken it. and i was wondering what will lee want to do next? select from the following. (a). give the skateboard to lee; (b). confront quinn; (c). keep skateboarding; the answer is: ### Response: (b). confront quinn; reasoning: since lee couldn't find their skateboard and later discovered that their sister quinn had taken it, the most probable action lee would want to take next is to confront quinn about the situation. this would allow lee to address the issue and potentially regain possession of the skateboard or discuss the matter with quinn to understand the reason for taking it.
### Input: what are the characteristics of angiosarcoma? ### Response: angiosarcoma is characterized by the presence of vascular spaces containing red blood cells. the vascular spaces are lined by tall plump endothelial cells. there is no atypia detected, but papillary projections may be present. it was originally thought to be benign, but recently some cases have been found to have malignant potential. a close clinical follow-up is recommended.
### Input: write some highlights for the following article: the first child in britain known to have been screened as an embryo to ensure she did not carry a cancer gene was born friday, a spokesman for university college london told cnn. genetic screening allows lab-fertilized embryos to be tested for genes likely to lead to later health problems. her embryo was screened in a lab days after conception to check for the brca-1 gene, linked to breast and ovarian cancer. people with the gene are known to have a 50-80 percent chance of developing breast or ovarian cancer in their lifetimes. british newspapers have dubbed the girl the "cancer-free" baby. "this little girl will not face the specter of developing this genetic form of breast cancer or ovarian cancer in her adult life," said paul serhal, a consultant at university college london hospital and medical director of the assisted conception unit. "the parents will have been spared the risk of inflicting this disease on their daughter. the lasting legacy is the eradication of the transmission of this form of cancer that has blighted these families for generations." yet not everyone is thrilled with the idea of testing embryos for genes that could cause health problems later in life, a process known as preimplanatation genetic diagnosis. "this is not a cure for breast cancer," said josephine quintavalle, co-founder of comment on reproductive ethics, which describes itself as group that focuses on ethical dilemmas related to reproduction. what do you think about testing embryos for gene defects? "this is simply a mechanism for eliminating the birth of anybody (prone to) the disease," she said. "it is basically a search-and-kill mechanism." she opposes the procedure because embryos found to carry disease-causing genes often are discarded. she says that is essentially murder. "they will be destroyed," she said. "they will never be allowed to live." doctors in britain and elsewhere increasingly test embryos for genes that are certain to cause illnesses such as cystic fibrosis or huntington's disease. what's different about the girl born friday is that she is the first infant known to have been tested in britain as an embryo for a gene that is merely likely -- not certain -- to cause disease. in the united states, geneticists are free to test for any condition for which they can develop a probe -- and they're free to look for genes that are certain to cause diseases as well as genes that merely may pose problems later in life. quintavalle opposes any form of in-vitro fertilization where embryos are "killed," she said. but she is particularly troubled by the idea of screening an embryo for the brca-1 gene because carriers of the gene do not always develop the disease, and the disease is not always fatal. "the message we are sending is: 'better off dead than carrying (a gene linked to) breast cancer,'" she said. "we have gone very much down the proverbial slippery slope." peter braude, one of the top british experts on the genetic testing of embryos, said he understands the ethical objections but focuses on the benefits. "there has always been a vociferous group in opposition," he said. but "there are people who can benefit and i think they should be allowed to do so." in fact, he argues that the procedure actually prevents abortions because it takes place on a three-day old embryo in a lab. only embryos that lack the defective gene are implanted. "i don't think you can equate eight cells in a dish to an embryo or a child," said braude, head of the department of women's health at the king's college london school of medicine. for many couples, the alternative to testing an embryo is to conceive a child naturally and test the fetus weeks or months into a pregnancy. some couples opt for an abortion when such testing reveals a defect. diagnosing an embryo genetically typically involves fertilizing an egg with a sperm in a lab, testing the resulting embryo and implanting it in the mother if no defects are found. braude agrees that testing for diseases that may not be fatal -- or may not manifest themselves for decades -- raises thorny ethical questions. "how serious does it have to be before you throw away an embryo?" he asked. "are you prepared to throw away a 16-week embryo for huntington's, which will not manifest until age 40?" in britain, the human fertilisation and embryology authority determines the conditions for which geneticists can test. it has approved testing for more than 60 conditions since it was established in 1990. the authority approved testing for the brca-1 gene in 2008. dr. mark hughes, who founded a genetics clinic in the united states, said he likes the idea of an authority that regulates what tests can be performed -- the system in place in britain -- but believes that parents who want to test for genetic abnormalities should be allowed to do so. at his genesis genetics institute in detroit, michigan, hughes carries out about two tests a month for brca-1 or brca-2, a related gene. "the couple is the best one to be making these decisions, because they live with these diseases," he said. "when it hits your family over and over again, many couples are saying: 'enough of this. let's prune this out of our family tree forever.'" he rejects the notion that parents will use genetic testing to remove all imperfections from children. "you can get up on your high horse and say people are looking for perfect children, but let's give these families more credit," he said. "they just want one that has a fighting chance of not having a disease." hughes said he doubts genetic screening will ever be used to test all babies. that's partly because it costs the equivalent of about $11,755 -- 8,000 british pounds -- to screen embryos. it's also because the process is very complex. "it's gotten easier to do now than it was 19 years ago," when hughes did his first test for cystic fibrosis, he said. "but it has not exploded, not burst onto the medical field like some technologies do. "no one would use these technologies for a trivial reason. it's too much effort," he said. "not just the money -- it's so many hoops to jump through for a couple that would prefer to make their baby on vacation rather than in a clinic." ### Response: a baby girl was born in britain after her embryo was screened to make sure she did not have a cancer gene. this special test, called genetic screening, helps doctors check if the tiny baby-to-be might have health problems later in life. in this case, they checked for a gene called brca-1, which can cause breast and ovarian cancer. people with this gene have a higher chance of getting these cancers. some people are happy that the baby girl will not have to worry about these cancers in her life, but others believe that this kind of testing might lead to bad choices. one concern is that embryos that have these genes could be thrown away, which some people think is not right. while genetic testing can be helpful for some serious diseases, it also brings up questions about where we should draw the line and how far we should go in trying to avoid health issues.
### Input: this is a correct answer to the following question about history of wine. yes or no? answer: in egypt , wine became a part of recorded history, playing an important role in ancient ceremonial life . question: what country did wine originate in ### Response: no, this answer does not accurately identify the country where wine originated. while the statement about egypt is correct, wine did not originate in egypt. wine is believed to have originated in the region of modern-day georgia, iran, and armenia. archeological evidence suggests that the domestication of grapevines and wine production dates back to around 6,000 – 5,000 bc in the south caucasus and zagros mountains regions. the oldest known winery was discovered in armenia, dating back to around 4,100 bc. wine has a long and rich history and spread across various cultures and regions, including ancient egypt, but its origins can be traced back to the mentioned region.
### Input: hi,i am feeling something stuck in my mouth while swallowing saliva for the past 2 weeks. i am able to eat well but i fear of cancer.. when i consulted the doctor, i had been told that it might be due to acid reflux and provided me ulgel-a, pantocid (before food in the morning) an phlogam/disperzyme/bidangen forte in the morning and night. now i am feeling more saliva at mouth after starting to take ulgel from today morning.. will this be a symptom of any cancer? please reply. i am working in it company and so always at desk for almost 8hrs a day.. female - non-smoker but a bit over weight ### Response: helllo there, thanks for the query. im an oral diagnostician, i reviewed your symptoms, i could think of 1) elongated uvula?--did u have in past week, any cough and cold 2) enlarged tonsils? 3)any lymph node enlarged in your neck?? if your symptoms don't cm own with the medicines your taking.try some luke warm or salt water gargling... too much saliva is nothing to worry. if your fear doesn't subside, please consult a local dentist or ent surgeon ... to check your throat. hope this helps.
### Input: how can mendelian syndromes, genome-wide association studies (gwas), and the microbiome help in understanding sporadic crc? ### Response: clinical suspicion or diagnosis of a mendelian risk syndrome should prompt testing for pertinent germline mutations in probands (affected individuals) and family members. genetic counseling and participation in programs for cancer prevention and screening are recommended. insights from mendelian syndromes, genome-wide association studies (gwas), and the microbiome help shed light on the understanding of sporadic crc. in particular, the role of wnt signaling and early effects of apc inactivation or ctnnb1 activation are revealed. loss of stk11 and pten in inherited and sporadic crcs also provide insights into crucial molecular pathways. syndromes like hnpcc and ppap assist in the classification of the disease and highlight the broader significance of features such as msi-hi (microsatellite instability-high).
### Input: how is the remaining acetabular cartilage removed and the subchondral bone exposed? ### Response: sharp, hemispherical, cheese-grater reamers are used to remove the remaining acetabular cartilage and expose the subchondral bone. the reaming process begins with the smallest reamer and is directed medially. the depth of reaming is checked regularly to ensure the desired depth is achieved, which is up to, but not through, the true medial wall (the flat cortical bone of the quadrilateral plate). increasing sizes of reamers are then used to enlarge the acetabulum, not increasing the depth but just the width. the reaming is performed in the desired alignment of the acetabular component to be inserted.
### Input: what is sjögren's syndrome and what glands does it affect? ### Response: sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack and destroy the lacrimal and salivary glands. these glands are responsible for producing tears and saliva, respectively. as a result, people with sjögren's syndrome may experience dry eyes, dry mouth, and difficulty swallowing. in addition to these symptoms, sjögren's syndrome can also cause joint pain, fatigue, and other systemic symptoms.
### Input: please answer the following question: i read this background article the other day: saturated hydrocarbons are given the general name of alkanes . the name of specific alkanes always ends in - ane . the first part of the name indicates how many carbon atoms each molecule of the alkane has. the smallest alkane is methane. it has just one carbon atom. the next largest is ethane, with two carbon atoms. the chemical formulas and properties of methane, ethane, and several other alkanes are listed in table below . the boiling and melting points of alkanes are determined mainly by the number of carbon atoms they have. alkanes with more carbon atoms generally have higher boiling and melting points. i am facing a new situation today: beth and jane studied chemistry in school. however, beth studied noble gasses while jane decided to know more about alkanes. using the knowledge i acquired from the background article, how should i answer correctly the following question regarding my new situation: which student learned less about the smallest alkane? answer: ### Response: jane learned less about the smallest alkane because she studied alkanes, which include the smallest alkane, methane. since beth studied noble gases, she did not learn about alkanes, including the smallest one.
### Input: how is the internal jugular vein cannulated for venous catheter insertion? ### Response: the open cannulation technique is used to safely insert venous catheter systems for long-term use. the sternocleidomastoid muscle is retracted medially, and the internal jugular vein is identified dorsally. it is carefully mobilized and a monofilament purse-string suture is placed through the anterior wall of the vein. after occlusion of the proximal loop, a venotomy is performed with a pointed scalpel blade.
### Input: here is a premise: "three men are standing while another man is next to them holding a newspaper." here is a hypothesis: "a group of friends meet up before work" .does the premise tell us whether the hypothesis is true? options are: + yes; + it is not possible to tell; + no; ### Response: it is not possible to tell the premise only provides a description of the scene without providing any information about the relationships between the men or their reason for meeting. the hypothesis suggests that they are friends meeting up before work, but the premise does not confirm or deny this suggestion. therefore, it is not possible to tell if the hypothesis is true based on the given premise. the options "yes" and "no" are incorrect because the premise doesn't provide enough information for either confirmation or denial of the hypothesis.
### Input: given the question: i want to test the ability of students to read a passage and answer questions about it. could you please come up with a good question for the passage "four boarders at his parents' apartments became chopin's intimates: tytus woyciechowski, jan nepomucen białobłocki, jan matuszyński and julian fontana; the latter two would become part of his paris milieu. he was friendly with members of warsaw's young artistic and intellectual world, including fontana, józef bohdan zaleski and stefan witwicki. he was also attracted to the singing student konstancja gładkowska. in letters to woyciechowski, he indicated which of his works, and even which of their passages, were influenced by his fascination with her; his letter of 15 may 1830 revealed that the slow movement (larghetto) of his piano concerto no. 1 (in e minor) was secretly dedicated to her – "it should be like dreaming in beautiful springtime – by moonlight." his final conservatory report (july 1829) read: "chopin f., third-year student, exceptional talent, musical genius.""? the answer is: ### Response: one possible question for the passage could be: "what impact did chopin's relationships with his four boarder friends and fellow artists have on his music, and which specific work was secretly dedicated to his love interest, konstancja gładkowska?" this question will test the students' reading comprehension abilities by having them identify key relationships mentioned in the passage, interpret the influence these relationships had on chopin's music, and pinpoint a specific composition that was dedicated to his love interest, konstancja gładkowska. additionally, the question requires the students to analyze specific passages within the excerpt to draw accurate conclusions regarding the influence and dedication of his works. this will help assess their ability to comprehend and interpret nuanced information from the text.
### Input: my boyfriend and i had sex using both the pill and a condom the condom broke should i worry about rubber inside me we think most stayed on his shaft and i found a small piece about 34 inch x 12 inch like it ripped and a portion tore off do i have to worry about this causing tss ### Response: no you will not get tss from a piece of condom most likely latex not rubber if there is a retained piece it will not likely cause any problems but you can carefully check with your finger or use a gentle warm water douche to wash out any possible remnants
### Input: question: who is a disconsolate man? if there is no answer, please output "insufficient information to provide an answer.". movie title: already dead context: a happy and successful family man is lured down the destructive path of revenge after his son is killed and his wife brutalized in a vicious home invasion. thomas archer (ron eldard) had it all, a successful career as a senior associate at a prominent architectural firm, a beautiful wife, and a wonderful child. just when it seemed that things couldn't get any better for thomas, however, his life was suddenly transformed into a waking nightmare. one night, a violent criminal breaks into thomas' home, attacking his wife and senselessly murdering his innocent young son. in the aftermath of the tragedy, thomas implores the police for help in catching the criminals while attempting to pick up the pieces of his broken life by visiting a highly respected therapist (christopher plummer). when local law enforcement fails to turn up any leads, thomas' therapist suggests that the vengeful father contact a mysterious group with the resources to ferret out his son's killer and let the father exact the any kind of justice that he sees fit. his marriage failing, thomas decides to take his therapist up on the offer, sending the lives of everyone involved down a dark path from which there is no escape, and no return. ### Response: a disconsolate man is someone who is unable to find consolation or comfort in a time of distress or sadness. of the movie "already dead," thomas archer (played by ron eldard) would be considered a disconsolate man after he experiences the terrible tragedy of losing his son and witnessing his wife being brutally attacked in a vicious home invasion. in the film, thomas archer seemingly has a perfect life, with a successful career, a loving wife, and a cherished son. however, everything takes a tragic turn when a ruthless criminal violently intrudes into their home, harming his wife and senselessly killing his son. this horrific event tears down the foundation of thomas' life and leaves him with immense grief, heartache, and a yearning for justice, which ultimately makes him disconsolate. although thomas reaches out to the police and attends therapy sessions to cope with the tragedy, neither of these avenues provide him with the consolation he needs. consequently, his disconsolate state intensifies as no leads emerge on who is responsible for the heinous crime, and his marriage to his wife steadily deteriorates. desperate for any form of comfort, thomas' therapist suggests he contact a clandestine organization with the resources to find the perpetrator and grant him the opportunity to enact whatever form of justice he deems fit. thomas takes this advice, believing that exacting revenge on the cruel criminal who destroyed his family will help alleviate his grief and sorrow. however, in doing so, he embarks on a destructive path that entangles not only him but also everyone around him in a web of darkness, danger, and despair. in conclusion, a disconsolate man is someone who is unable to find solace or reprieve from their emotional suffering. in the movie "already dead," thomas archer embodies this description due to the life-altering tragedy he faces, which leads him into a harrowing journey for revenge. his inability to heal or find comfort through conventional means, such as therapy or law enforcement, exacerbates his disconsolate state and drives him towards decisions that ultimately impact the lives of everyone around him in troubling and irreversible ways.
### Input: my mom 81 yr old w one kidney has a kidney infection. put on cipro became lethargic and won t eat or drink much. changed antibiotic to macrobid. today did same thing 30 min after taking. don t know the other drugs she is on. takes tylenol for arthersis. ### Response: hi, the medications ciprofloxacin and macro bid are two different medications. while nausea and tiredness can be felt after taking medications, it is important to keep a watch on the general condition of your mother. prescribing macro bid should be done carefully because it can affect other organs like lungs. since she has got one kidney it is important to regularly do kidney function tests and report any breathing problems should it happen. please confirm any other medications she is taking and this is important for her health condition. tylenol will not cause any significant side effects. please give her adequate fluids, and she should not hold urine for a long time.
### Input: john decided to buy 10 pins for himself. they are normally $20 each but they were on sale for 15% off. how much did he spend on pins? let's be accurate as possible. ### Response: to calculate the price of the pins after the discount, you need to find out the amount of the discount first. 15% of $20 is: (15 / 100) * $20 = $3 so, the price of each pin after the discount is: $20 - $3 = $17 since john bought 10 pins, the total cost would be: 10 * $17 = $170 john spent $170 on pins.
### Input: i have had knots to form over the last year in the krook of my elbows. they seem to be muscle related and become sore and achey after doing a repetitive or strenguous exercise with my arms. i wonder if they are related to donating plasma on and off for a few years. another one has popped up the last few weeks and i haven t given plasma in this arm for almost a year. ### Response: hi, dear, thanks for your query to chat doctor. i studied your query in depth.1-in my opinion the sore lumps which popped up last few was, most probably are due to the -post-donation thrombophebitis with fibrosis tissue in it-.2-still you should check up for the drums disease-which are painful lipomas, which could be other possibility for such lumps, without any relation to the donation.3-hope this would solve your query.4-wellcome for any more questions on new or this subject also... have a good day.!!
### Input: complete the following sentence. during the lecture, professor benjamin stated all of the terminology that was in the test while michael wrote it down because ### Response: during the lecture, professor benjamin talked about all the special words that will be on the test, and michael made sure to write them down because he wanted to remember them and do well on the test.
### Input: my daughter who is 15 has had constant abdominal pain that described as squeezing in the upper area that squeezes and radiates to the left side on around to the shoulder . this has been since january. her blood work fine along with stool test for bacteria. they have put her on stomach meds n antibiotics for the bacteria she don t have. nothing makes it go away. she is a special needs child that never complains of pain. i m worried about her. yyyy@yyyy ### Response: hello, thanks for posting on chat doctor, from your description, based on the location of the abdominal colic (colicky abdominal pain of the epigastric or hyperion chat doctor. these causes are hardly due to bacteria (so antibiotics would not be helpful). those specific diseases will require specific treatments. i will advise that you consult your daughters doctor or a gastroenterologist, so they can further examine and request specific laboratory and imagery tests/ultrasound. after which appropriate treatment will follow. hope this helps
### Input: how are biofilms connected to infectious diseases? ### Response: biofilms play a role in many infectious diseases. they produce toxins and enzymes that contribute to infection and disease development. the quorum sensing mechanism in biofilms can lead to middle-ear infections, dental plaque formation, urinary tract infections, and more. moreover, improperly cleaned medical devices, like artificial joints and catheters, can harbor bacteria that trigger biofilm formation, causing chronic infections that are challenging to eradicate. biofilms are a significant factor in the persistence and severity of many infectious diseases.
### Input: uluslararası yetkililer, arnavutluk'un seçim yasasındaki reformlar konusunda gösterdiği kararlılıktan övgüyle bahsetti. could you please translate this to english? ### Response: step 1: identify the language of the text. the text provided is in turkish. step 2: break the sentence into smaller segments to understand the meaning. uluslararası yetkililer = international authorities arnavutluk'un seçim yasasındaki reformlar = reforms in albania's election law konusunda gösterdiği kararlılıktan = regarding the demonstrated determination övgüyle bahsetti = spoke with praise step 3: combine the segments of text into a coherent translation. international authorities spoke with praise regarding the demonstrated determination of albania's election law reforms.
### Input: how can docusate sodium help with constipation and what are some considerations for its use in elderly patients? ### Response: docusate sodium is a stool softener that helps to relieve constipation by facilitating the passage of stool through the intestines. in elderly patients, it is important to consider factors such as renal function and potential interactions with other medications, as well as any specific risks or contraindications based on the patient's overall health status. docusate sodium is generally well-tolerated, but it is important to monitor for any adverse effects or changes in bowel habits.
### Input: my child is 2.5 years old, and she is having very watery stools since yesterday. a total of 4 times today. the last time there are some redness which i am not sure if its blood as i applied quite a lot of drapolean on her for her rash due to the liquid motion. she also just vomited once today and had fever of about 38 since friday, when her liquid motion started. should i be alarmed? ### Response: hi dear, welcome to chat doctor. understanding your concern. as per your query your child have symptoms of fever and loose motion which is due to viral infection of body leading to acute gastroenteritis. it could be due to poor digestion, poor absorption or rapid movement through the intestines and all this leads to watery diarrhea. need not worry. i would suggest you to take zinc supplements along with oral rely chat doctor. you should maintain the hy
### Input: how can bleeding from the presacral space and associated venous plexus be controlled? ### Response: bleeding from the presacral space and associated venous plexus can be controlled using hemostatic agents such as thrombin, nu-knit, fibrillar surgicel, and floseal with manual pressure. suturing in the presacral space is usually unsuccessful. in case of failure of hemostatic agents and pressure, sterile thumb tacks placed into the sacrum on top of the gel foam or surgicel may be considered.
### Input: that's interesting. can you tell me more about the studies focused on treatments? ### Response: sure, one study is investigating whether a medication commonly used to treat adhd may also be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of kls symptoms. another trial is testing a drug that targets a specific receptor in the brain that is thought to play a role in the disorder.
### Input: student: test for natural language inference. premise: "an ambulance on the street with its lights on at night." hypothesis: "an ambulance is parked in a garage for the night." is the hypothesis entailed by the premise? options: - yes - no - it is not possible to tell. teacher: let's think: ### Response: the hypothesis is not entailed by the premise. here's why: premise: "an ambulance on the street with its lights on at night." this statement tells us that there is an ambulance on the street and it has its lights on, indicating that it is likely in use or responding to an emergency. hypothesis: "an ambulance is parked in a garage for the night." this statement suggests that an ambulance is parked in a garage and not in use for the night. these two statements are contradictory in nature. the premise describes an ambulance that is in use on the street, while the hypothesis claims the ambulance is parked in a garage, not in use. therefore, the answer is "no," the hypothesis is not entailed by the premise.
### Input: sir i am 40years old,it has been three month since my hemmorhoid surgery. my surgeon said it was one of the worst cases he sever seen.i was able to return to work a few days after the surgery. when i noticed some leakage, blood then, eating fruits, vegetables, drinking a lot of water, prune juice, eating dried prunes, acidic fruits ### Response: hello, make sure that you should not strain while passing stools. include more fruits and vegetables in your diet as the fiber content in it will help for softening the stools. avoid red meat and oily foods. if there are signs of infection, local antibiotics can be applied after consulting your surgeon. hope i have answered your query. let me know if i can assist you further. take care chat doctor.
### Input: what are the different types of joints based on their structural composition? ### Response: - fibrous joints: these joints are immobile and consist of dense connective tissue. an example is the sutures in the skull. - cartilaginous joints: these joints are slightly movable and consist of hyaline or fibrocartilage. an example is the intervertebral joints. - synovial joints: these joints are freely movable and consist of bone ends/parts covered with an articular capsule lined with a synovial membrane. examples include the knee and shoulder joints.

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