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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langford,_Bedfordshire

Langford, Bedfordshire

Langford, Bedfordshire

English: Village sign detail, Langford, Beds.

Langford is a village and civil parish in the Central Bedfordshire district of the county of Bedfordshire, England about 10 miles south-east of the county town of Bedford. The 2011 census gives the population as 3,091.

Langford is a village and civil parish in the Central Bedfordshire district of the county of Bedfordshire, England about 10 miles (16 km) south-east of the county town of Bedford. The 2011 census gives the population as 3,091.

Langford village sign

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svein_%C3%98vergaard

Svein Øvergaard

Svein Øvergaard

Dansk: Svein Øvergaard’s orkester i Oslo, 1939. Fra venstre: Fred Lange-Nielsen, Per Gregersen, Finn Westbye, Arvid Gram Paulsen, Svein Øvergaard og Einar Gustavsen.

Svein Arne Øvergaard was a Norwegian resistance member, boxer and jazz musician and band leader, married to Gunhild Øvergaard, and known from the jazz scenes of Oslo.

Svein Arne Øvergaard (1 January 1912 in Kristiania (Oslo) – 23 November 1986 in Oslo) was a Norwegian resistance member, boxer and jazz musician (saxophone, percussion) and band leader, married to Gunhild Øvergaard (born Sandberg, 1912–1996), and known from the jazz scenes of Oslo.

Øvergaards orchestra Oslo, 1939. Øvergaard is no. 2 from the right.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernonia

Vernonia

Species

Vernonia / Species

English: Vernonia capensis (in bud) at the University of California Botanical Garden, Berkeley, California, USA. Identified by the garden signage.

Vernonia is a genus of about 1000 species of forbs and shrubs in the family Asteraceae. Some species are known as ironweed. Some species are edible and of economic value. They are known for having intense purple flowers. The genus is named for the English botanist William Vernon. There are numerous distinct subgenera and subsections in this genus. This has led some botanists to divide this large genus into several distinct genera. For instance, the Flora of North America recognizes only about twenty species in Vernonia sensu stricto, seventeen of which are in North America north of Mexico, with the others being found in South America.

Species of this genus are found in South America, Africa, Southeast Asia, and North America. Vernonia species are well known for hybridizing between similar species in areas of overlapping ranges. There are approximately 1000 species of Vernonia. A list of some species is given below.

Vernonia capensis

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatland_(Audubon,_Pennsylvania)

Fatland (Audubon, Pennsylvania)

Vaux Hill

Fatland (Audubon, Pennsylvania) / Vaux Hill

English: Valley Forge Station (circa 1910), Reading Railroad, Schuylkill River, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. The current Valley Forge Station (which replaced this) was built in 1911

Fatland (Audubon, Pennsylvania) – also known as "Fatland Farm," "Fatland Ford" and, currently, "Vaux Hill" – is a Greek Revival mansion and estate in Audubon, Pennsylvania. Located on the north side of the Schuylkill River, opposite Valley Forge, the property was part of the Continental Army's 1777-78 winter encampment. On consecutive days in September 1777, its stone farmhouse served as headquarters for General George Washington and British General Sir William Howe. The farmhouse was demolished about 1843, and the mansion was completed on its site about 1845. The Wetherill Family owned the property for 121 years—1825 to 1946. A private cemetery contains the graves of some of Fatland's owners, and of Free Quakers who supported the Revolutionary War.

Vaux renamed the property "Vaux Hill." The 300-acre (121.4 hectares) farm spanned the middle of the peninsula. Part of its western boundary, shared with Henry Pawling's farm, was the road south to Fatland Ford, a shallow crossing of the Schuylkill River, opposite Valley Forge. Vaux was an English farmer and Quaker, who emigrated to Pennsylvania in 1771. He expanded the existing stone farmhouse in 1776, and constructed its stone barn. The following year he married Susanna Warder (1749–1812) of Philadelphia, also a Quaker. Vaux took no side in the Revolutionary War. On September 21, 1777, General George Washington, accompanied by a detachment of his life guard and aide-de-camp Tench Tilghman, surveilled British troops at Valley Forge from the north side of the river. The river was swollen, which prevented the British from crossing. At Washington's direction, his aide urgently wrote to General Alexander McDougall—"... the River has fallen and is fordable at almost any place, the Enemy can have no Reason to delay passing much longer. He would have wrote [sic] you personally, but is employed in viewing the ground and making disposition of the Army which arrived yesterday." Vaux invited Washington to dine and stay the night—the life guard secured Fatland Ford overnight. Washington and his troops departed early the following morning. That same morning, British Captain John Montroser recorded in his journal: "[September] 22nd. — At 5 this morning ... the Light Infantry and Grenadiers passed over the Schuylkill at Fatland Ford without a single shot and took post." Early that evening, General Howe crossed the ford and made Vaux Hill his headquarters. Vaux dined with Howe, who asked about the rebel officer who had been spotted the previous day. When informed that it had been Washington himself, Howe reportedly replied: "Oh, I wish I had known that. I would have tried to catch him!" The opposing commanders-in-chief probably slept in the same bed on consecutive nights. As Howe slept, the British Army began a night crossing from Valley Forge. Montroser: "[September] 23rd. — Just after 12 o'clock this night the whole army moved to the opposite side, on the north side of the river Schuylkill by the way of Fatland Ford, and by 10 a. m. the whole baggage and all had happily passed it. After the principal body had got on the north side of the Schuylkill about one mile the army halted to dry themselves and rest." General Washington and the Continental Army returned to the area in December 1777, and began the six month Valley Forge encampment. Most of the troops were quartered south of the river, but Vaux's farm was the site of troop encampments and support facilities. General John Sullivan supervised construction of a floating-log bridge slightly downstream from Fatland Ford. This bridge provided a river crossing in times of high water, and an escape route should British attack from the south. The floating bridge was destroyed by ice in 1779. The British army, in September, 1777, passed from Valley Forge to the left bank of the Schuylkill by the Fatland Ford; not many months later [June 19, 1778], when the American forces evacuated Valley Forge, they crossed at the same place, as just mentioned. Both armies swarmed over the Vaux Hill plantation like devastating clouds of locusts. Tearing down fences, destroying trees and doing thousands of pounds' worth of damage in various ways, they wrought such havoc that Mr. Vaux's estate was seriously embarrassed in consequence. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania paid Vaux £1,000 in compensation for damage done to his property during the war. "In the 1785 assessment of Providence township, James Vaux is recorded as a farmer, owning a farm of 300 acres of land, dwelling, four horses, six cows, one servant (colored), and one riding chair." He later served in the Pennsylvania Legislature. Vaux sold Vaux Hill to John Echline Allen, about 1794. There are no known images of the "good stone dwelling house" described in 1771, or of the house as expanded by Vaux.

Schuylkill River at Valley Forge, looking east, circa 1910. Fatland Island and Fatland Ford are in the background, center.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulzbach-Rosenberg

Sulzbach-Rosenberg

Sulzbach-Rosenberg

English: Panoramic view from Annaberg in Sulzbach-Rosenberg (Germany)

View of Sulzbach from Annaberg

Sulzbach-Rosenberg is a municipality in the Amberg-Sulzbach district, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated approximately 14 km northwest of Amberg, and 50 km east of Nuremberg. The town consists of two parts: Sulzbach in the west, and Rosenberg in the east. Archeological evidence tells that Sulzbach was an important centre from the 8th century on. Sulzbach castle was founded during the early 8th century, probably by the late-Merovingian/early-Carolingian kingdom. The castle was the residence of the powerful counts of the Nordgau, the important counts of Sulzbach — one of whose daughters, Bertha of Sulzbach became the Empress of Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnenus — and later of the counts of Hirschberg, the counts of Wittelsbach, emperor Karl IV, the palatine-dukes of Neuburg and of the dukes of Palatinate-Sulzbach of the House of Wittelsbach.

Sulzbach-Rosenberg is a municipality in the Amberg-Sulzbach district, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated approximately 14 km northwest of Amberg, and 50 km east of Nuremberg. The town consists of two parts: Sulzbach in the west, and Rosenberg in the east. Archeological evidence tells that Sulzbach was an important centre from the 8th century on. Sulzbach castle was founded during the early 8th century, probably by the late-Merovingian/early-Carolingian kingdom. The castle was the residence of the powerful counts of the Nordgau (9th–10th century), the important counts of Sulzbach (c. 1003 – 1188) — one of whose daughters, Bertha of Sulzbach became the Empress of Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnenus — and later of the counts of Hirschberg (1188–1305), the counts of Wittelsbach (1305–1354, 1373–1504), emperor Karl IV (1354–1373), the palatine-dukes of Neuburg and of the dukes of Palatinate-Sulzbach (17th–18th century) of the House of Wittelsbach.

View of Sulzbach from Annaberg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/2010.08.22.125325_Aussicht_Annaberg_Sulzbach-Rosenberg.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiram_College_Library

Hiram College Library

Hiram College Library

English: Hiram College Library

Prior to 1900 the library facilities at Hiram College consisted of small libraries corresponding with each of the student literary societies: Delphic, Hesperian, and Olive Branch. Societies usually limited access to their members, and the only common library was the college's depository collection of federal government publications that was stored in the original Hinsdale Hall. The Teachout-Cooley Library of Hiram College was erected in 1900 with money given by Abram Teachout. Built of brick and wood, it had two stories with a three-story tower. In 1923, a supplemental gift from the Teachout family made possible an addition built to the south of the original building, and joined to it by means of a vestibule. A Greek portico entrance was added, and the size of the Library was essentially doubled. An observatory with its telescope, a gift of Lathrop Cooley, was a prominent feature of the building until 1939. The observatory was relocated to its present site on Wakefield Road thanks to the generosity of Ella M. Stephens. The Library's collections then consisted of those books donated by the literary societies and the depository collection.

Prior to 1900 the library facilities at Hiram College consisted of small libraries corresponding with each of the student literary societies: Delphic, Hesperian, and Olive Branch. Societies usually limited access to their members, and the only common library was the college's depository collection of federal government publications (established in 1874) that was stored in the original Hinsdale Hall. The Teachout-Cooley Library of Hiram College was erected in 1900 with money given by Abram Teachout. Built of brick and wood, it had two stories with a three-story tower. In 1923, a supplemental gift from the Teachout family made possible an addition built to the south of the original building, and joined to it by means of a vestibule. A Greek portico entrance was added, and the size of the Library was essentially doubled. An observatory with its telescope, a gift of Lathrop Cooley, was a prominent feature of the building until 1939. The observatory was relocated to its present site on Wakefield Road thanks to the generosity of Ella M. Stephens. The Library's collections then consisted of those books donated by the literary societies and the depository collection. These were consolidated by the first Librarian of the college, Emma Ryder. While a student at Hiram, she was made the librarian of the Olive Branch Society, and did such an excellent job that she was asked to organized the libraries of the other societies. After she graduated in 1890, she went on to study at the University of Chicago and Syracuse University, before returning to Hiram in 1896. She served as the college's Librarian until 1907, and introduced the Dewey Decimal System to the Library. She also taught Greek and Latin, was the College Registrar and the House Mother for Miller Hall. The old building was largely destroyed by fire in February 1939. In addition to thousands of books, also lost were a major portion of the files and records of Professor John S. Kenyon and the furnishings of the Vachel Lindsay Reading Room. A newer, more modern building was erected with a main reading room on the lower floor and a browsing room above. The card catalog was saved from fire damage and much of the lost book collection was replaced. The west end of the browsing room was designated the Vachel Lindsay Room, and the east end as the Adelaide Robbins Rhodes Room. In 1962 this area was converted into the Geidlinger Music Room. In 1948 a further addition to the south side of the Library was built, again with funds from the Teachout Foundation. Finally, a fourth addition was necessary by 1963. This expanded the building westward toward Dean Street and effectively doubled the size of the Library once again. Included were rooms for the newly planned Archives and Special Collections. It was made possible by a substantial gift from Mr. and Mrs. Harley C. Price, and the Library was renamed the Teachout-Price Memorial Library. During the 1970s the Library came to share space with newer services, the Media Center and the Dray Computer Center, both on the lower level of the building. The Media Center became administratively incorporated into the Library. By the late 1980s the continued growth of the collection, the demand for more study space, and the need to incorporate new technologies led to the decision to plan for a new building. A comprehensive capital campaign by the college featured the construction of a $7.1 million facility as its centerpiece. Funding came from hundreds of contributors and friends, prominently the Kresge Foundation, however no single donor contributed enough to confer a name to the building, and so it remains the Hiram College Library. Completed in 1995, the collections, equipment, and some of the furnishings of the Library were relocated in the new building that summer. Features of the new building included space for a video studio, a redesigned Archives and Special Collections, a Library Instruction Room, group study rooms, and a multi-functional space, the Pritchard Room. Shortly thereafter, the Library provided access to its new o

Hiram College Library

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_Lessard

Stefan Lessard

Stefan Lessard

Dave Matthews Band (3/10/2008) - Pepsi Music Festival, Club Ciudad de Buenos Aires - Buenos Aires (Argentina) Stefan Lessard is the bass guitarist for the Dave Matthews Band

Lessard performing in October 2008

Stefan Kahil Lessard is an American musician, most famous as the bassist for the Dave Matthews Band.

Stefan Kahil Lessard (born June 4, 1974) is an American musician, most famous as the bassist for the Dave Matthews Band.

Lessard performing in October 2008

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Palomares_B-52_crash

1966 Palomares B-52 crash

Accident

1966 Palomares B-52 crash / Accident

English: A boom operator of a KC-135 Stratotanker during an aerial refueling of a B-52 Stratofortress in Afghanistan. Original description: Airman 1st Class Ben Davis refuels a B-52 Stratofortress bomber from a KC-135 Stratotanker, Monday, March 13, 2006, during a mission in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. The B-52 provides close air support for ground troops in Afghanistan. Davis is a boom operator assigned to the 28th Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron. (U.S. Air Force photo/Staff Sgt. Douglas Nicodemus)

The 1966 Palomares B-52 crash, or the Palomares incident, occurred on 17 January 1966, when a B-52G bomber of the United States Air Force's Strategic Air Command collided with a KC-135 tanker during mid-air refueling at 31,000 feet over the Mediterranean Sea, off the coast of Spain. The KC-135 was completely destroyed when its fuel load ignited, killing all four crew members. The B-52G broke apart, killing three of the seven crew members aboard. Of the four Mk28-type hydrogen bombs the B-52G carried, three were found on land near the small fishing village of Palomares in the municipality of Cuevas del Almanzora, Almería, Spain. The non-nuclear explosives in two of the weapons detonated upon impact with the ground, resulting in the contamination of a 0.77-square-mile area by plutonium. The fourth, which fell into the Mediterranean Sea, was recovered intact after a ​2 ¹⁄₂-month-long search.

The B-52G began its mission from Seymour Johnson Air Force Base, North Carolina, carrying four type B28RI hydrogen bombs on a Cold War airborne alert mission named Operation Chrome Dome. The flight plan took the aircraft east across the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea towards the European borders of the Soviet Union before returning home. The lengthy flight required two mid-air refuelings over Spain. At about 10:30 am on 17 January 1966, while flying at 31,000 feet (9,450 m), the bomber commenced its second aerial refueling with a KC-135 out of Morón Air Base in southern Spain. The B-52 pilot, Major Larry G. Messinger, later recalled, We came in behind the tanker, and we were a little bit fast, and we started to overrun him a little bit. There is a procedure they have in refueling where if the boom operator feels that you're getting too close and it's a dangerous situation, he will call, "Break away, break away, break away." There was no call for a break away, so we didn't see anything dangerous about the situation. But all of a sudden, all hell seemed to break loose. The planes collided, with the nozzle of the refueling boom striking the top of the B-52 fuselage, breaking a longeron and snapping off the left wing, which resulted in an explosion that was witnessed by a second B-52 about a mile away. All four men on the KC-135 and three of the seven men on the bomber were killed. Those killed in the tanker were boom operator Master sergeant Lloyd Potolicchio, pilot Major Emil J. Chapla, copilot Captain Paul R. Lane, and navigator Captain Leo E. Simmons. On board the bomber, navigator First Lieutenant Steven G. Montanus, electronic warfare officer First Lieutenant George J. Glessner, and gunner Technical Sergeant Ronald P. Snyder were killed. Montanus was seated on the lower deck of the main cockpit and was able to eject from the plane, but his parachute never opened. Glessner and Snyder were on the upper deck, near the point where the refueling boom struck the fuselage, and were not able to eject. Four of the seven crew members of the bomber managed to parachute to safety: in addition to pilot Major Messinger, aircraft commander Captain Charles F. Wendorf, copilot First Lieutenant Michael J. Rooney and radar-navigator Captain Ivens Buchanan. Buchanan received burns from the explosion and was unable to separate himself from his ejection seat, but he was nevertheless able to open his parachute, and he survived the impact with the ground. The other three surviving crew members landed safely several miles out to sea. The Palomares residents carried Buchanan to a local clinic, while Wendorf and Rooney were picked up at sea by the fishing boat Dorita. The last to be rescued was Messinger, who spent 45 minutes in the water before he was brought aboard the fishing boat Agustin y Rosa by Francisco Simó Orts. All three men who landed in the sea were taken to a hospital in Águilas.

Boom operator's view of a B-52 from a KC-135 tanker

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croydon

Croydon

A growing town

Croydon / History / A growing town

This clock does work but is not showing the correct time. I time-stamped the photo with the correct time. The location of the clock is in Croydon Town Centre on North End pedestrian walk, outside the Whitgift Centre.

Croydon is a large town in south London, England. It is 9.4 miles south of Charing Cross. The principal settlement in the London Borough of Croydon, it is one of the largest commercial districts outside Central London, with an extensive shopping district and night-time economy. The entire town had a population of 192,064 as of 2011, whilst the wider borough had a population of 384,837. Historically part of the hundred of Wallington in the county of Surrey, at the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church, a mill, and around 365 inhabitants, as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. Croydon expanded in the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production, leather tanning and brewing. The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world's first public railway. Later nineteenth century railway building facilitated Croydon's growth as a commuter town for London. By the early 20th century, Croydon was an important industrial area, known for car manufacture, metal working and Croydon Airport.

In 1883 Croydon was incorporated as a borough. In 1889 it became a county borough, with a greater degree of autonomy. The new county borough council implemented the Croydon Improvement scheme in the early 1890s, which widened the High Street and cleared much of the "Middle Row" slum area. The remaining slums were cleared shortly after Second World War, with much of the population relocated to the isolated new settlement of New Addington. New stores opened and expanded in central Croydon, including Allders, Kennards and Grade II listed Grants, as well as the first Sainsbury's self-service shop in the country. There was a market on Surrey Street. Croydon was the location of London's main airport until the Second World War. During the war, much of central Croydon was devastated by German V-1 flying bombs and V-2 rockets, and for many years the town bore the scars of the destruction. After the war, Heathrow Airport superseded Croydon Airport as London's main airport, and Croydon Airport quickly went into a decline, finally closing in 1959. By the 1950s, with its continuing growth, the town was becoming congested, and the Council decided on another major redevelopment scheme. The Croydon Corporation Act was passed in 1956. This, coupled with national government incentives for office relocation out of Central London, led to the building of new offices and accompanying road schemes through the late 1950s and 1960s, and the town boomed as a business centre in the 1960s, with many multi-storey office blocks, an underpass, a flyover and multi-storey car parks. In 1960 Croydon celebrated its millennium with a pageant held at Lloyd Park and an exhibition held at the old Croydon Aerodrome.

Shopping parade in North End, Croydon

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinals_created_by_Alexander_VI

Cardinals created by Alexander VI

20 September 1493

Cardinals created by Alexander VI / 20 September 1493

English: Cardinal Bernardino López de Carvajal y Sande Español: Cardenal Bernardino López de Carvajal y Sande

Pope Alexander VI created 43 new cardinals in 9 consistories:

All the new cardinals received the titles on 23 September 1493. Jean Bilhères de Lagraulas, O.S.B., bishop of Lombès, ambassador of the King of France – cardinal-priest of S. Sabina, † 6 August 1499 Giovanni Antonio Sangiorgio, bishop of Alessandria – cardinal-priest of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo, then cardinal-bishop of Tusculum (23 December 1503), cardinal-bishop of Palestrina (17 September 1507), cardinal-bishop of Sabina (22 September 1508), † 14 March 1509 Bernardino López de Carvajal, bishop of Cartagena – cardinal-priest of SS. Marcelino e Pietro, then cardinal-priest of S. Croce in Gerusalmme (2 February 1495), cardinal-bishop of Albano (3 August 1507), cardinal-bishop of Tusculum (17 September 1507), cardinal-bishop of Palestrina (22 September 1508), cardinal-bishop of Sabina (28 March 1509); excommunicated and deposed on 24 October 1511 for his participation in the schismatic pseudo-council of Pisa; reinstated on 27 June 1513 as cardinal-bishop of Sabina, then cardinal-bishop of Ostia e Velletri (24 July 1521), † 16 December 1523 Cesare Borgia, Son of the Pope – cardinal-deacon of S. Maria Nuova; resigned his cardinalate on 18 August 1498, † 12 March 1507 Giuliano Cesarini, iuniore – cardinal-deacon of SS. Sergio e Bacco, then cardinal-deacon of S. Angelo (12 June 1503), † 1 May 1510 Domenico Grimani – cardinal-deacon of S. Nicola inter Imagines, then cardinal-priest of S. Nicola inter Imagines (28 March 1498), cardinal-priest of S. Marco (25 December 1503), cardinal-bishop of Albano (22 September 1508), cardinal-bishop of Tusculum (3 June 1509), cardinal-bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina (20 January 151), † 27 August 1523 Alessandro Farnese  – cardinal-deacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano, then cardinal-deacon of S. Eustachio (11 October 1503), cardinal-bishop of Tusculum (15 June 1519), cardinal-bishop of Palestrina (9 December 1523), cardinal-bishop of Sabina (18 December 1523), cardinal-bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina (20 May 1524), cardinal-bishop of Ostia e Velletri (15 June 1524), became Pope Paul III on 13 October 1534, † 10 November 1549 Bernardino Lunati – cardinal-deacon of S. Ciriaco, † 8 August 1497 Raymond Peraudi, O.S.A., bishop of Gurk – cardinal-deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin, then cardinal-priest of S. Vitale (1494), cardinal-priest of S. Maria Nuova (29 April 1499), † 5 September 1505 John Morton, archbishop of Canterbury – cardinal-priest of S. Anastasia, † 15 September 1500 Fryderyk Jagiellończyk, administrator of Kraków – cardinal-priest of S. Lucia in Septisolio, † 14 March 1503 Ippolito d'Este, administrator of Esztergom – cardinal-deacon of S. Lucia in Silice, † 3 September 1520

Bernardino López de Carvajal (1455-1523), made a cardinal on September 20, 1493.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proboscis

Proboscis

Proboscis

English: The head of a male hoverfly (Eristalinus taeniops). Français : Tête d'un Syrphide mâle, Eristalinus taeniops. Português: Mosca-das-flores macho, da espécie Eristalinus taeniops Camera: Nikon D80, Tokina 100mm macro with extension tube Exposure: manual exposure - F/20, 1/160, ISO 100

A proboscis is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking. In vertebrates, a proboscis is an elongated nose or snout.

A proboscis (/proʊˈbɒsɪs/ or /proʊˈbɒskɪs/) is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking. In vertebrates, a proboscis is an elongated nose or snout.

A syrphid fly using its proboscis to reach the nectar of a flower

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Eristalinus_October_2007-6.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_metre

History of the metre

Mètre des Archives

History of the metre / Mètre des Archives

English: Copy of the first metre standard, sealed in the foundation of a building, 36 rue de Vaugirard, Paris

The history of the metre starts with the scientific revolution that began with Nicolaus Copernicus's work in 1543. Increasingly accurate measurements were required, and scientists looked for measures that were universal and could be based on natural phenomena rather than royal decree or physical prototypes. Rather than the various complex systems of subdivision in use, they also preferred a decimal system to ease their calculations. With the French Revolution came a desire to replace many features of the Ancien Régime, including the traditional units of measure. As a base unit of length, many scientists had favoured the seconds pendulum one century earlier, but this was rejected as it had been discovered that it varied from place to place with local gravity and that it could complement meridian arc measurements in determining the figure of the Earth. A new unit of length, the metre was introduced – defined as one ten-millionth of the shortest distance from the North Pole to the equator passing through Paris, assuming an Earth's flattening of 1/334. For practical purposes however, the standard metre was made available in the form of a platinum bar held in Paris.

While Méchain and Delambre were completing their survey, the commission had ordered a series of platinum bars to be made based on the provisional metre. When the final result was known, the bar whose length was closest to the meridional definition of the metre was selected and placed in the National Archives on 22 June 1799 (4 messidor An VII in the Republican calendar) as a permanent record of the result. This standard metre bar became known as the mètre des Archives. The metric system, that is the system of units based on the metre, was officially adopted in France on 10 December 1799 (19 frimaire An VIII) and became the sole legal system of weights and measures from 1801. After the restoration of the Empire, in 1812, the old names for units of length were revived but the units redefined in terms of the metre: this system was known as mesures usuelles, and lasted until 1840, when the decimal metric system was again made the sole legal measure. In the meantime, the Netherlands had adopted the metric system from 1816. The first of several countries to follow the French lead, the Helvetic Republic had adopted the metre shortly before its collapse in 1803. With the extension of the survey it became apparent that Méchain and Delambre's result (443.296 lignes) was slightly too short for the meridional definition of the metre. While the Ordnance Survey extended the British survey northward to the Shetland, Arago and Biot extended the survey southward in Spain to the island of Formentera in the western Mediterranean Sea (1806–1809), and found that one ten-millionth of the Earth's quadrant should be 443.31 lignes: later work increased the value to 443.39 lignes. Some thought that the base of the metric system could be attacked by pointing out some errors that crept into the measurement of the two French scientists. Méchain had even noticed an inaccuracy he did not dare to admit. Louis Puissant declared in 1836 in front of the French Academy of Sciences that Delambre and Méchain had made an error in the measurement of the French meridian arc. That is why from 1861 to 1866, Antoine Yvon Villarceau checked the geodesic opérations in eight points of the meridian arc. Some of the errors in the operations of Delambre and Méchain were corrected. In 1866, at the conference of the International Association of Geodesy in Neuchâtel Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero announced Spain's contribution to the measurement of the French meridian arc. In 1870, François Perrier was in charge of resuming the triangulation between Dunkirk and Barcelona. This new survey of the Paris meridian arc, named West Europe-Africa Meridian-arc by Alexander Ross Clarke, was undertaken in France and in Algeria under the direction of François Perrier from 1870 to his death in 1888. Jean-Antonin-Léon Bassot completed the task in 1896. According to the calculations made at the central bureau of the international association on the great meridian arc extending from the Shetland Islands, through Great Britain, France and Spain to El Aghuat in Algeria, the Earth equatorial radius was 6377935 metres, the ellipticity being assumed as 1/299.15. The modern value, for the WGS 84 reference spheroid with an Earth's flattening of 1/298.257223563, is 1.00019657 × 10⁷ m for the distance from the North pole to the Equator. A more accurate determination of the Figure of the Earth resulted also from the measurement of the Struve Geodetic Arc (1816–1855) and would have given another value for the definition of this standard of length. This did not invalidate the metre but highlighted that progresses in science would allow better measurement of Earth's size and shape. The mètre des Archives remained the legal and practical standard for the metre in France, even once it was known that it did not exactly correspond to the meridional definition. When it was decided (in 1867) to create a new international standard metre, the length was taken to be that of the mètre des Archives "in the state in which it shall be found". One of the significant international use of the meridional definition o

A copy of the "provisional" metre installed 1796–1797, located in the wall of a building, 36 rue de Vaugirard, Paris. These metres were based on the "provisional" metre, because the expedition to re-determine the metre wasn't completed until 1798.[39]

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Busch

Wilhelm Busch

Critique of the Heart

Wilhelm Busch / Work / Critique of the Heart

Heinrich Christian Wilhelm Busch was a German humorist, poet, illustrator, and painter. He published comic illustrated cautionary tales from 1859, achieving his most notable works in the 1870s. Busch's illustrations used wood engraving, and later, zincography. Busch drew on contemporary parochial and city life, satirizing Catholicism, Philistinism, strict religious morality, and bigotry. His comic text was colourful and entertaining, using onomatopoeia, neologisms, and other figures of speech, that led to some work being banned by the authorities. Busch was influential in both poetry and illustration, and became a source for future generations of comic artists. The Katzenjammer Kids was inspired by Busch's Max and Moritz, one of a number of imitations produced in Germany and the United States. The Wilhelm Busch Prize and the Wilhelm Busch Museum help maintain his legacy. The 175th anniversary of his birth in 2007 was celebrated throughout Germany. Busch remains one of the most influential poets and artists in Western Europe.

Busch did not write illustrated tales for a while, but focused on the literary Kritik des Herzens (Critique of the Heart), wanting to appear more serious to his readers. Contemporary reception for the collection of 81 poems was mainly poor; it was criticized for its focus on marriage and sexuality. His long-time friend Paul Lindau called it "very serious, heartfelt, charming poems". Dutch writer Marie Anderson was one of few people who enjoyed his Kritik des Herzens, and she even planned to publish it in a Dutch newspaper.

Eingeschlafener Trinker by Wilhelm Busch 1869, Städel art museum

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoserine_dehydrogenase

Homoserine dehydrogenase

Enzyme mechanism

Homoserine dehydrogenase / Enzyme mechanism

English: Hypothesized hydride transfer reaction mechanism catalyzed by homoserine dehydrogenase and NAD(P)H.

In enzymology, a homoserine dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-homoserine + NAD⁺ L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADH + H⁺ The 2 substrates of this enzyme are L-homoserine and NAD⁺, whereas its 3 products are L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde, NADH, and H⁺. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-homoserine:NAD⁺ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include HSDH, and HSD. Homoserine dehydrogenase catalyses the third step in the aspartate pathway; the NAD-dependent reduction of aspartate beta-semialdehyde into homoserine. Homoserine is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of threonine, isoleucine, and methionine.

Homoserine dehydrogenase catalyzes the reaction of aspartate-semialdehyde (ASA) to homoserine. The overall reaction reduces the C4 carboxylic acid functional group of ASA to a primary alcohol and oxidizes the C1 aldehyde to a carboxylic acid. Residues Glu 208 and Lys 117 are thought to be involved in the active catalytic site of the enzyme. Asp 214 and Lys 223 have been shown to be important for hydride transfer in the catalyzed reaction. Once the C4 carboxylic acid is reduced to an aldehyde and the C1 aldehyde is oxidized to a carboxylic acid, experiments suggest that Asp 219, Glu 208 and a water molecule bind ASA in the active site while Lys 223 donates a proton to the aspartate-semialdehyde C4 oxygen. Homoserine dehydrogenase has an NAD(P)H cofactor, which then donates a hydrogen to the same carbon, effectively reducing the aldehyde to an alcohol. (Refer to figures 1 and 2). However, the precise mechanism of complete homoserine dehydrogenase catalysis remains unknown. The homoserine dehydrogenase-catalyzed reaction has been postulated to proceed through a bi-bi kinetic mechanism, where the NAD(P)H cofactor binds the enzyme first and is the last to dissociate from the enzyme once the reaction is complete. Additionally, while both NADH and NADPH are adequate cofactors for the reaction, NADH is preferred. The Kₘ of the reaction is four-times smaller with NADH and the Kcat/Kₘ is three-times greater, indicating a more efficient reaction. Homoserine dehydrogenase also exhibits multi-order kinetics at subsaturating levels of substrate. Additionally, the variable kinetics for homoserine dehydrogenase is an artifact of the faster dissociation of the amino acid substrate from the enzyme complex as compared to cofactor dissociation.

Figure 1. Hypothesized hydride transfer reaction mechanism catalyzed by homoserine dehydrogenase and NAD(P)H.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Raub

Edwin Raub

Early life and military service

Edwin Raub / Early life and military service

English: Pvt. Edwin Raub

Edwin Lynn Raub was a television personality and horror host under the name Uncle Ted in the Northeastern Pennsylvania viewing area of the United States. He is mostly known for hosting the programs Uncle Ted's Children's Party in the 1960s, Uncle Ted's Ghoul School from 1974–1982 and Uncle Ted's Monstermania from 1984–1997. He was posthumously inducted into the Horror Host Hall Of Fame in 2014. According to his first sidekick Richard Briggs: "He was a living legend, one of those guys who was around when started up, and there's not too many of those guys around anymore."

Edwin L. Raub (many resources erroneously list his middle initial as "C") was born May 14, 1921 in Kingston, Pennsylvania to Samuel J. and Margaret Lynn Raub, the oldest of two sons. He was married to the former Angela Wiffen who had grown up in Wallington, Surrey, England. They had two daughters, Rita and Beth, and a son, Edwin L., Jr. He had an uncle, named Edwin Hyde Raub, who fought during World War I, for the PA 109th Field Artillery A.E.F.; and died of pneumonia in Lyons, France. During the Second World War, as a radio operator with the 82nd Airborne Division's 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment Raub participated in D-Day and Operation Market Garden. According to author Cornelius Ryan's best-selling account of the battle, A Bridge Too Far: "When tracer bullets began ripping through his canopy, Private Edwin Raub became so enraged that he deliberately side-slipped his chute so as to land next to the anti-aircraft gun. Without removing his harness, and dragging his parachute behind him, Raub rushed the Germans with his Tommy gun. He killed one, captured the others, and then, with plastic explosives destroyed the flak-gun barrels." A few days later during a German artillery barrage Pvt. Raub was severely burned on both of his hands when some gasoline cans near him exploded when hit; he later received two Purple Hearts. Raub was always humble about his wartime service and tended to downplay his efforts. In 1977 he told The Scranton Times, "I was in the paratroopers because it meant an additional $50 a month in pay. When I jumped from the plane, my main concern was just to get to the ground in one piece. Sure, I saw the shells' effects, but if I had had my choice, I wouldn't have landed right in the middle of the gun emplacement!"

Pvt. Edwin Raub

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitsiputous

Kitsiputous

Kitsiputous

English: Two hikers and Kitsiputous waterfall, one of the main attractions of Malla Nature Reserve in Enontekiö, Finland. Due to the picture having been taken in late summer, there's only little water flowing. Suomi: Kitsiputous ja kaksi retkeilijää Mallan luonnonpuistossa. Koska kuva on otettu loppukesästä, putouksen virtaama on vähäinen.

Kitsiputous, located in Enontekiö is one of the highest waterfalls in Finland. The falls are located along the hiking trail leading to the Three Nations' Border Point. The waterfalls turn into frozen waterfalls during winter.

Kitsiputous, located in Enontekiö is one of the highest waterfalls in Finland. The falls are located along the hiking trail leading to the Three Nations' Border Point. The waterfalls turn into frozen waterfalls during winter.

Two hikers near the falls.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junliangcheng_North_railway_station

Junliangcheng North railway station

Junliangcheng North railway station

中文: 军粮城北站

Junliangcheng North railway station is a railway station of the Tianjin–Qinhuangdao high-speed railway in Dongli District, Tianjin.

Junliangcheng North railway station (simplified Chinese: 军粮城北站; traditional Chinese: 軍糧城北站; pinyin: Jūnliángchéngběi Zhàn) is a railway station of the Tianjin–Qinhuangdao high-speed railway in Dongli District, Tianjin.

Junliangchengbei (Junliangcheng North) Railway Station

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josep_Fontser%C3%A8_i_Mestre

Josep Fontserè i Mestre

Josep Fontserè i Mestre

Català: Imatge de Josep Fontseré i Mestre (Barcelona, 1829 - 1897), Arquitecte. Dissenyador del Parc de la Ciutadella per a l'exposició universal de 1888 (Barcelona).

Josep Fontserè i Mestre was a Spanish Catalan architect.

Josep Fontserè i Mestre (1829 - 15 May 1897) was a Spanish Catalan architect.

Josep Fontserè.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/FontsereMestre-1070r.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Field_and_Company_Building

Marshall Field and Company Building

Business history

Marshall Field and Company Building / Business history

English: Historic perspective of the State and Washington corner

The Marshall Field and Company Building, which now houses Macy's State Street in Chicago, Illinois, was built in two stages—north end in 1901–02 and south end in 1905–06, and was the flagship location of the Marshall Field and Company and Marshall Field's chain of department stores. Since 2006, it is the main Chicago mid-western location of the Macy's department stores. The building is located in the Chicago "Loop" area of the downtown central business district in Cook County, Illinois, U.S.A., and it takes up the entire city block bounded clockwise from the west by North State Street, East Randolph Street, North Wabash Avenue, and East Washington Street. Marshall Field's established numerous important business "firsts" in this building and in a long series of previous elaborate decorative structures on this site for the last century and a half, and it is regarded as one of the three most influential establishments in the nationwide development of the department store and in the commercial business economic history of the United States.

Although the official corporate name of the retail entity based in this building had been Marshall Field & Company (nicknamed Marshall Field's) from 1881 until 2006, the store has had five different names since its inception in 1852 as P. Palmer & Co. In 1868, after bowing out of involvement in day-to-day operations with his new partners of Field, Palmer & Leiter, Potter Palmer convinced Marshall Field and Levi Leiter to move the Field, Leiter & Co. store to a building Palmer owned on State Street at the corner of Washington Street. After being consumed by the "Great Chicago Fire" and splitting the wholesale business from the retail operations, the store resumed operations at State and Washington in a rebuilt structure, now leased from the Singer Sewing Machine Company. In 1877 another fire consumed this building, and when a new Singer Building was built to replace it at the same location in 1879, Field then put together the financing to purchase it. The business has remained there ever since, and it has added four subsequent buildings to form the integrated structure that is now called the "Marshall Field and Company Building." Chicago's retailing center was State Street in the famous downtown "Loop" after the "Great Chicago Fire" of 1871, and this center has been anchored by Marshall Field's and its predecessor companies in this building complex. However, commuter suburbs began to have significant retail districts by the 1920s. In the 1920s, the store created new suburban locations such as Marshall Field and Company Store to remain competitive. After 1950, with the booming post-World War II economic/social climate with increasing suburban residential and commercial development, saw the construction of first "strip" shopping centers, followed by regional enclosed shopping malls along major thoroughfares and interstate highways such as the "Magnificent Mile" reduced the role of the "Loop"'s daily significance to many Chicagoans as downtown retail sales slipped and gradually additional business moved outward following first the streetcar lines and then the automobile. Eventually, there was an influx of stores from other parts of the country as the pace of commercial retailing merged, consolidating, and spreading first regionally then nationwide. Nonetheless, the Marshall Field and Company Building has survived at this location. However, with the merger and conversion to Macy's the emphasis of the store changed and store-branded lines replaced many designer labels, such as Dolce & Gabbana, Prada, Miu Miu and Jimmy Choo, which led to the disassembly of several designer departments of the former Field's (see picture below). On September 9, 2006, at the time of the stores merger and conversion, the name of the building was officially changed to "Macy's at State Street". Around this time of the conversion of Marshall Field's to Macy's the building was also the location of vociferous and outraged picketing and protesting by opponents of the merger/conversion and the growth in general of massive business mergers and economic consolidation across the country. After buying out his various partners over the early post-Civil War era, Marshall Field founded the Marshall Field & Company corporate entity that survived 152 years and had arranged before his death, to have this building constructed. The sentimental objections to the conversion that both eliminated the existence of the corporate entity bearing his name and renaming the building bearing his name were widely reported in the national media of newspapers, radio and television.

Sequence of store fronts at North State & Washington Streets corner, broken by the aftermath of the 1871 Great Chicago Fire

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._Sullivan

George H. Sullivan

George H. Sullivan

English: Portrait of George Henry Sullivan.

George Henry Sullivan was the 21st Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota. Born in Stillwater, Minnesota, he became lieutenant governor when Joseph A. A. Burnquist was elevated to governor, upon the death of Winfield Scott Hammond. He served from October 28, 1916 to January 2, 1917. He died in 1935 in Mahtomedi, Minnesota.

George Henry Sullivan (December 20, 1867 – February 15, 1935) was the 21st Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota. Born in Stillwater, Minnesota, he became lieutenant governor when Joseph A. A. Burnquist was elevated to governor, upon the death of Winfield Scott Hammond. He served from October 28, 1916 to January 2, 1917. He died in 1935 in Mahtomedi, Minnesota.

Portrait of George Henry Sullivan, 1917

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugen_Wacker

Eugen Wacker

Eugen Wacker

English: Eugen Wacker at UCI World Championships in Mendrisio, Switzerland

Eugen Wacker is a German-born Kyrgyzstani cyclist, who last rode for UCI Continental team Massi–Kuwait Cycling Project. At the 2004 Summer Olympics, he competed in the road race and time trial. In April 2017, he was suspended until February 2018 for testing positive for meldonium.

Eugen Wacker (Russian: Евгений Ваккер, sometimes written as Evgeny Vakker; born 18 April 1976) is a German-born Kyrgyzstani cyclist, who last rode for UCI Continental team Massi–Kuwait Cycling Project. At the 2004 Summer Olympics, he competed in the road race and time trial. In April 2017, he was suspended until February 2018 for testing positive for meldonium.

Wacker at the 2009 UCI Road World Championships

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cp%C5%8Dtiki

Ōpōtiki

Ōpōtiki

English: Opotiki, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. Main street (Church Street) with a carving which portrays the progress of civilisation of this area.

Church Street, Ōpōtiki

Ōpōtiki is a small town in the eastern Bay of Plenty in the North Island of New Zealand. It houses the headquarters of the Ōpōtiki District Council and comes under the Bay of Plenty Regional Council.

Ōpōtiki /ɔːpɔːˈtɪki/ (from Ōpōtiki-Mai-Tawhiti) is a small town in the eastern Bay of Plenty in the North Island of New Zealand. It houses the headquarters of the Ōpōtiki District Council and comes under the Bay of Plenty Regional Council.

Church Street, Ōpōtiki

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophus_Frederik_K%C3%BChnel

Sophus Frederik Kühnel

Sophus Frederik Kühnel

Dansk: Sophus Frederik Kühnel (1851-1930), Dansk arkitekt

Sophus Frederik Kühnel was a Danish architect best known for his design of Mejlborg and a number of other buildings in Aarhus.

Sophus Frederik Kühnel (11 Maj 1851 – 13 October 1930) was a Danish architect best known for his design of Mejlborg and a number of other buildings in Aarhus.

Sophus Frederik Kühnel, c. 1911

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF_Tempsford

RAF Tempsford

RAF Tempsford

English: Photograph of the memorial plaque in St Peter's Church, Tempsford, Bedfordshire.

RAF Tempsford is a former Royal Air Force station located 2.3 miles north east of Sandy, Bedfordshire, England and 4.4 miles south of St. Neots, Cambridgeshire, England. As part of the Royal Air Force Special Duty Service, the airfield was perhaps the most secret airfield of the Second World War. It was home to 138 Squadron and 161 Squadron, which dropped supplies and agents into occupied Europe for the Special Operations Executive. 138 Squadron did the bulk of the supply and agent drops, while 161 Squadron had the Lysander flight, and did the insertion and pick-up operations in occupied Europe. RAF Tempsford is very close to Little Gransden Airfield and can be clearly seen from flights climbing out from the westerly runway 28. Other active airfields nearby include the former RAF bases at Gransden Lodge and Bourn.

RAF Tempsford is a former Royal Air Force station located 2.3 miles (3.7 km) north east of Sandy, Bedfordshire, England and 4.4 miles (7.1 km) south of St. Neots, Cambridgeshire, England. As part of the Royal Air Force Special Duty Service, the airfield was perhaps the most secret airfield of the Second World War. It was home to 138 (Special Duty) Squadron and 161 (Special Duty) Squadron, which dropped supplies and agents into occupied Europe for the Special Operations Executive (SOE). 138 (SD) Squadron did the bulk of the supply and agent drops, while 161 (SD) Squadron had the Lysander flight, and did the insertion and pick-up operations in occupied Europe. RAF Tempsford is very close to Little Gransden Airfield and can be clearly seen from flights climbing out from the westerly runway 28. Other active airfields nearby include the former RAF bases at Gransden Lodge and Bourn.

The memorial plaque inside St Peter's Church, Tempsford

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toowoomba_railway_station

Toowoomba railway station

Yard structures

Toowoomba railway station / Description / Yard structures

English: Toowoomba Railway Station - Guards and Porters huts (2012)

Toowoomba railway station is a heritage-listed railway station on the Western line at Russell Street, Toowoomba, Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. It serves the city of Toowoomba, which is the junction for the Western, Main and Southern lines. The station has one platform with a passing loop, opening in 1867. It was designed by FDG Stanley and built in 1873 by R. Godsall. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.

The station environment also contains intact structures associated with former railway operations. The Porter's Shed and Guard's Hut (1908-1915) are located to the south of the main station buildings. These modest weatherboard buildings are connected by a battened store, and have pitched corrugated iron roofs with awnings supported on timber brackets. Cabin B is a weatherboard clad room adjoining the main entry to the platform which contains intact safeworking and interlocking equipment - comprising several steel levers, a yard diagram, and electrical staff equipment with shaped red painted steel and brass encasing mounted on a concrete pedestal. Located within the railway yard, The Goods Shed (1896) is a long rectangular building with substantial timber trusses and bracketed central columns. It is clad in corrugated iron, and has a pitched roof with bracketed eaves and a raised central roof light. It also has timber platforms supported on large cut logs. Also located within the railway yard is the Westinghouse Brake Examination Pit and shelter. It comprises a modest corrugated iron building with a barrel vaulted corrugated iron roof covering a long rectangular brick-lined pit. The building contains boards detailing brake examination schedules, and a workbench. Other yard structures include Signal Cabin A, a water crane and a wagon weighbridge. Signal Cabin A is a two-storeyed chamferboard-clad building with pitched corrugated iron roofs, a cantilevered timber catwalk overlooking the railway at first floor level. The building contains intact but disconnected mechanical signalling equipment. The first floor contains a large frame of colour-coded mechanical steel signalling levers, timber and brass track indicators, and a yard diagram. The Water Crane comprises a cast iron hollow tube surmounted by a rotating cast iron feeder arm with valve controls and a canvas tube attached, mounted on a concrete pedestal and adjacent to a concrete drain. The Wagon Weighbridge comprises a large steel scale housed in chamferboard-clad building with a pitched corrugated iron roof, and a large metal balance plate. The station also has two WWII air raid shelters: a brick and concrete shelter adjacent to the front entry stairs on Railway Street, and a smaller concrete shelter located on the northern platform near the honour board, which was designed for the use of QR employees.

Guards and porters' huts, 2012

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watts,_California

Watts, California

Watts, California

English: Looking east on Main Street, Watts Looking east on Main Street (later 103rd Street) towards the Pacific Electric Railway depot, right of center, and various businesses. Photograph dated July, 1912.

Watts, California, was a city of the sixth class that existed in Los Angeles County, California, between 1907 and 1926, when it was consolidated with the City of Los Angeles and became one of the neighborhoods in the southern part of that city.

Watts, California, was a city of the sixth class that existed in Los Angeles County, California, between 1907 and 1926, when it was consolidated with the City of Los Angeles and became one of the neighborhoods in the southern part of that city.

Watts in 1912

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Los_Angeles_Police_Department_officers_killed_in_the_line_of_duty

List of Los Angeles Police Department officers killed in the line of duty

List of Los Angeles Police Department officers killed in the line of duty

English: The official seal of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD).

The following Los Angeles Police Department officers have all been killed in the line of duty. A total of 206 officers are officially recognized as having died in the line of duty by the Los Angeles Police Department. This list also includes two Los Angeles City Marshals, the chief law enforcement officer of Los Angeles, California in the city's early years before the LAPD was established in 1869 and who headed the LAPD until 1876 as well as three other officers who are not currently recognized by the LAPD as having died in the line of duty, bringing the total shown here to 209. The term "line of duty" means any action which an officer is obligated or authorized to carry out, or for which the officer is compensated by the public agency he or she serves. The term "killed in the line of duty" means a law enforcement officer has died as a direct and proximate result of a personal injury sustained in the line of duty. This includes law enforcement officers who, while in an off-duty capacity, act in response to a law violation, or are driving to or from work. The fallen officers of LAPD are honored and remembered in a number of ways.

The following Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers have all been killed in the line of duty. A total of 206 officers are officially recognized as having died in the line of duty by the Los Angeles Police Department. This list also includes two Los Angeles City Marshals, the chief law enforcement officer of Los Angeles, California in the city's early years before the LAPD was established in 1869 and who headed the LAPD until 1876 as well as three other officers who are not currently recognized by the LAPD as having died in the line of duty, bringing the total shown here to 209. The term "line of duty" means any action which an officer is obligated or authorized to carry out, or for which the officer is compensated by the public agency he or she serves. The term "killed in the line of duty" means a law enforcement officer has died as a direct and proximate result of a personal injury sustained in the line of duty. This includes law enforcement officers who, while in an off-duty capacity, act in response to a law violation, or are driving to or from work. The fallen officers of LAPD are honored and remembered in a number of ways. The Los Angeles Police Memorial is a monument outside Parker Center, the LAPD's headquarters, and was unveiled on October 1, 1971. The monument is a fountain made from black granite, the base of which is inscribed with the names of the LAPD officers who have died while serving the City of Los Angeles. The California Peace Officers' Memorial is a wood and glass encased book containing the names of all fallen officers in California, and is attached to a wall outside the Governor's office in the state capital Sacramento. In 1988, the California Peace Officers' Memorial Monument was dedicated to the memory of the state's fallen officers. The monument is a 13-foot-tall, three-figured bronze monument in California's state capital, Sacramento, representing a county sheriff of the 1880s, a state trooper of the 1930s, and a city patrolman of the 1980s. In the United States capital city Washington D.C., the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial, which was established in 1970, honors law enforcement officials from across the nation who have died in the line of duty. When an LAPD officer dies, the funeral is often one of pomp and pageantry, such as that for Randal Simmons in 2008, which was observed by over 10,000 mourners and onlookers, including Los Angeles City Attorney Rocky Delgadillo, LA County Sheriff Lee Baca, Los Angeles County District Attorney Steve Cooley, LAPD Chief William J. Bratton, Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa, and California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, and featured a procession of motorcycles, cars, SUVs, SWAT vehicles, and horses that lasted over an hour, a missing man formation, a riderless horse, a flag-draped casket, a three-volley salute, and "Amazing Grace" and "Taps" played by a bagpiper and bugler, respectively. It was the largest police officer funeral of its kind in the United States. Only one recent funeral did not have a riderless horse; that was Charles Heim's, as it was his duty to lead the horse at officers' funerals.

The Los Angeles Police Department seal

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Railway

Norfolk Southern Railway

Locomotive shops

Norfolk Southern Railway / Yards and facilities / Locomotive shops

English: Several engines await repair outside one of the NS shop buildings in Altoona, PA.

The Norfolk Southern Railway is a Class I freight railroad in the United States, and is the current name of the former Southern Railway. With headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, the company operates 19,420 route miles in 22 eastern states, the District of Columbia, and has rights in Canada over the Albany to Montréal route of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and previously on CN from Buffalo to St. Thomas. NS is responsible for maintaining 28,400 miles, with the remainder being operated under trackage rights from other parties responsible for maintenance. The most common commodity hauled on the railway is coal from mines in Indiana, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The railway also offers the largest intermodal network in eastern North America. NS is a major transporter of domestic and export coal. The railway's major sources of the mineral are located in: Pennsylvania's Cambria and Indiana counties, as well as the Monongahela Valley; West Virginia; and the Appalachia regions of Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. In Pennsylvania, NS also receives coal through interchange with R.J.

Atlanta, GA - Inman Yard Altoona, PA – Altoona Works Bellevue, OH Chattanooga, TN Conway, PA – Conway Yard Elkhart, IN Harrisburg, PA – Enola Yard Roanoke, VA – Shaffer's Crossing Locomotive Shop Roanoke, VA – Roanoke Locomotive Shop (Facility will be shuttered in May 2020) NS also shares interest with CSX in the Oak Island Yard, managed by Conrail Shared Assets Operations in Newark, New Jersey.

Juniata Shops at Altoona Works

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okehampton_Castle

Okehampton Castle

1455-1900

Okehampton Castle / History / 1455-1900

English: Watercolour of Okehampton Castle

Okehampton Castle is a medieval motte and bailey castle in Devon, England. It was built between 1068 and 1086 by Baldwin FitzGilbert following a revolt in Devon against Norman rule, and formed the centre of the Honour of Okehampton, guarding a crossing point across the West Okement River. It continued in use as a fortification until the late 13th century, when its owners, the de Courtenays, became the Earls of Devon. With their new wealth, they redeveloped the castle as a luxurious hunting lodge, building a new deer park that stretched out south from the castle, and constructing fashionable lodgings that exploited the views across the landscape. The de Courtenays prospered and the castle was further expanded to accommodate their growing household. The de Courtenays were heavily involved in the 15th century Wars of the Roses and Okehampton Castle was frequently confiscated. By the early 16th century the castle was still in good condition, but after Henry Courtenay was executed by Henry VIII the property was abandoned and left to decay, while the park was rented out by the Crown.

In the 15th century, however, the Courtenays were embroiled in the civil conflict in England known as the Wars of the Roses between the rival alliances of the Lancastrians and the Yorkists. Thomas de Courtenay fought for the Yorkists, but reconciled himself with the Lancastrians. His son, Thomas, died following his capture by the Yorkists at the battle of Towton in 1461. Edward IV confiscated Okehampton Castle, which was later returned to the family by the Lancastrian Henry VI. John Courtenay died fighting for the Lancastrians at the battle of Tewkesbury in 1471 and the castle and earldom was again confiscated. When Henry VII took the throne at the end of the conflict in 1485, however, the earldom and Okehampton were returned to Edward Courteney. Edward's son, William, enjoyed a turbulent political career, during which time the castle was again confiscated for a period, and his son, Henry, was executed by Henry VIII in 1539 and his properties confiscated, permanently breaking the link between the Courtenay family and the castle. After his death, a survey praised the castle as having "all manner of houses of offices", but from this time onwards the castle appears to have been abandoned and left to decay, although there is evidence that the lead and some of the stonework was taken for use on other projects. The castle's deer park was rented out by the Crown after Courtenay's execution. Ownership of the castle remained important, however, as from 1623 onwards ownership carried the right to appoint Okehampton's two Members of Parliament. Despite the battle of Sourton Down being fought in 1643 near Okehampton during the English Civil War, the castle played no part in the conflict. A bakehouse was established in the castle in the late-17th century, reusing parts of the western lodgings. The deer park was disemparked during the 18th century, reverting to farmland. In the 18th century, the castle became a popular topic for painters interested in the then fashionable landscape styles of the Sublime and the Picturesque. Richard Wilson painted the castle in 1771, dramatically silhouetting the keep against the sky, producing what historian Jeremy Black describes as a "calm, entranching and melancholic" effect. Thomas Walmesley's rendition went further, depicting Oakhampton Castle surrounded by an imaginary, Italianate lake in 1810. Thomas Girtin painted the castle in 1797, as did his friend J. M. W. Turner in 1824. Sir Vyell Vyvyan conducted some minor repairs to the castle during the 19th century.

The castle, depicted by Frederick Widgery in 1913

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar-headed_goose

Bar-headed goose

Ecology

Bar-headed goose / Ecology

English: Bar-headed Goose (Anser indicus) - Sylvan Heights Waterfowl Park, Scotland Neck, North Carolina

The bar-headed goose is a goose that breeds in Central Asia in colonies of thousands near mountain lakes and winters in South Asia, as far south as peninsular India. It lays three to eight eggs at a time in a ground nest. It is known for the extreme altitudes it reaches when migrating across the Himalayas.

The summer habitat is high-altitude lakes where the bird grazes on short grass. The species has been reported as migrating south from Tibet, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and Russia before crossing the Himalaya. The bird has come to the attention of medical science in recent years as having been an early victim of the H5N1 virus, HPAI (highly pathogenic avian influenza), at Qinghai. It suffers predation from crows, foxes, ravens, sea eagles, gulls and others. The total population may, however, be increasing, but it is complex to assess population trends, as this species occurs over more than 2,500,000 km² (970,000 sq mi). The bar-headed goose is one of the world's highest-flying birds, having been heard flying across Mount Makalu – the fifth highest mountain on earth at 8,481 m (27,825 ft) – and apparently seen over Mount Everest – 8,848 m (29,029 ft) – although this is a second-hand report with no verification. This demanding migration has long puzzled physiologists and naturalists: "there must be a good explanation for why the birds fly to the extreme altitudes... particularly since there are passes through the Himalaya at lower altitudes, and which are used by other migrating bird species." In fact, bar-headed geese had for a long time not been directly tracked (using GPS or satellite logging technology) flying higher than 6,540 metres (21,460 ft), and it is now believed that they do take the high passes through the mountains. The challenging northward migration from lowland India to breed in the summer on the Tibetan Plateau is undertaken in stages, with the flight across the Himalaya (from sea-level) being undertaken non-stop in as little as seven hours. Surprisingly, despite predictable tail winds that blow up the Himalayas (in the same direction of travel as the geese), bar-headed geese spurn these winds, waiting for them to die down overnight, when they then undertake the greatest rates of climbing flight ever recorded for a bird, and sustain these climbs rates for hours on end, according to research published in 2011. The 2011 study found the geese peaking at an altitude of around 6,400 m (21,000 ft). In a 2012 study that tagged 91 geese and tracked their migration routes, it was determined that the geese spent 95% of their time below 5,784 m (18,976 ft), choosing to take a longer route through the Himalayas in order to utilize lower-altitude valleys and passes. Only 10 of the tagged geese were ever recorded above this altitude, and only one exceeded 6,500 m (21,300 ft), reaching 7,290 m (23,920 ft). All but one of these high-altitude flights were recorded at night, which along with the early morning, is the most common time of day for geese migration. The colder denser air during these times may be equivalent to an altitude hundreds of meters lower. It is suspected by the authors of these two studies that tales of the geese flying at 8,000 m (26,000 ft) are apocryphal. Bar headed geese have been observed flying at 23,000 ft. The bar-headed goose migrates over the Himalayas to spend the winter in parts of South Asia (from Assam to as far south as Tamil Nadu. The modern winter habitat of the species is cultivated fields, where it feeds on barley, rice and wheat, and may damage crops. Birds from Kyrgyzstan have been seen to stopover in western Tibet and southern Tajikistan for 20 to 30 days before migrating farther south. Some birds may show high wintering site fidelity. They nest mainly on the Tibetan Plateau. Intraspecific brood parasitism is noticed with lower rank females attempting to lay their eggs in the nests of higher ranking females. The bar-headed goose is often kept in captivity, as it is considered beautiful and breeds readily. Records in Great Britain are frequent, and almost certainly relate to escapes. However, the species has bred on several occasions in recent years, and around five pairs were recorded in 2002, the most recent available report of the Rare Birds Breeding Panel. It is possible that, owing to a combination of frequent migration, accidental escapes and deliberate introduction, the species is

Swimming at Sylvan Heights Waterfowl Park

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julieta_Venegas

Julieta Venegas

Discography

Julieta Venegas / Discography

Euskara: Julieta Venegas soinua jotzen Dkluba zirkuituaren baitan emandako kontzertuan. Intxaurrondo K.E.

Julieta Venegas Percevault is an American-born Mexican singer, songwriter, instrumentalist and producer who sings pop-rock in Spanish. She speaks English, Portuguese, and Spanish fluently. She has a twin sister, Yvonne, who is a photographer. Venegas grew up in Tijuana and began studying music at age eight. She went on to join several bands including Mexican ska band Tijuana No!. Venegas plays several instruments including acoustic guitar, accordion, and keyboard. She has won five Latin Grammys and one Grammy Award among other awards. She has composed music for theater and performed in soundtracks for two movies. In 1997, she released her debut album Aquí to favorable reviews in Mexico by the rock audience. In later years, she positioned herself as one of the most prominent songwriters in Latin pop by achieving fame in 2003 in Latin America and Spain with the album Sí and singles "Andar Conmigo" and "Algo está cambiando" which were positioned at the top of Latin Billboard. In 2006, she released her most successful album Limón y Sal which is her best-selling album to date. Limón y Sal achieved Platinum status in several countries, including the worldwide hit "Me Voy."

Aquí (1997) Bueninvento (2000) Sí (2003) Limón y Sal (2006) Otra Cosa (2010) Los Momentos (2013) Algo Sucede (2015) La Enamorada (2019)

Julieta Venegas playing sound Dkluba circuit at the concert. Walnut K.E.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Wars_(1879%E2%80%931915)

South African Wars (1879–1915)

Key Figures

South African Wars (1879–1915) / Key Figures

English: Mgolombane Sandile - Xhosa Chief

Ethnic, political and social tensions among European colonial powers, indigenous Africans, and English and Dutch settlers led to open conflict in a series of wars and revolts between 1879 and 1915 that would have lasting repercussions on the entire region of southern Africa. Pursuit of commercial empire as well as individual aspirations, especially after the discovery of diamonds and gold, were key factors driving these developments. The various wars of this era are usually studied separately, as independent conflicts. They include the first and second Anglo-Boer War, the Anglo-Zulu War, the Sekhukhune Wars, the Basotho Gun War, the 9th Frontier War and others. However it is instructive also to see them as outbreaks in a far larger wave of change and conflict affecting the subcontinent – beginning with the "Confederation Wars" of the 1870s and 80s; escalating with the rise of Cecil Rhodes and the struggle for control of gold and diamond resources; and leading up to the Second Anglo-Boer War and the Union of South Africa in 1910.

Throughout the period of the South African Wars, people on both sides of the conflict achieved notability. Some of these people were in favour of the British colonising South Africa and making it a British territory, while others fought against the British in an attempt to slow down and stop these efforts. Mgolombane Sandile was the dynamic and charismatic chief of the Ngqika, who led his people in a string of wars until he was killed by Fengu sharpshooters in 1878. Although he acted independently, he usually recognised the authority of King Sarhili(Kreli) of the Gcaleka, whose country lay to the east and who was nominally the Paramount-Chief of all the Xhosa people. Sandile's soldiers used modern firearms (in addition to their traditional weapons for close combat) and they were skilled in guerilla warfare. However his tragic death was a turning point. It brought to a close the last of the Xhosa Wars (1779–1879); and saw the beginning of the greater South African Wars (1879–1915) which now encompassed the whole subcontinent. The Earl of Carnarvon was the colonial secretary in London from 1874 to 1878. He was greatly concerned with Imperial defence of the Cape and felt that it was a crucial point in the empire's trade and future security. For this reason, he wished to bring all the various states of southern Africa into one single British-controlled Confederation. He had recently confederated Canada, initiating a unified, British-controlled government that meshed two cultures and create a bi-lingual society, and he wished to replicate that success in southern Africa. The South Africa Act 1877 was derived from the British North America Act concerning draft confederation. Carnarvon felt that if it worked for Canada, it could also apply to southern Africa. Many southern African states fiercely resisted this interference in the region. His attempt to enforce this system of confederation onto southern Africa was a primary cause of the first set of the South African Wars. Sir Henry Bartle Frere was the new British Governor whom Carnarvon sent out to southern Africa in 1877, to enforce his confederation plan, bring the various states of southern Africa into the united British federation, and preempt what he believed would be a "general and simultaneous rising of Kaffirdom against white civilisation". For this purpose, Frere initiated the Anglo-Zulu War, the 9th Frontier War, the Gun War, and overthrew the elected government of the Cape Colony to replace it with the pro-federation Sprigg puppet government. He critically underestimated the Zulu State as "a bunch of savages armed with sticks" and likewise miscalculated in taking on war with the Boers and the Basotho – against all of whom the British suffered serious setbacks and defeats, before sheer force of arms extricated them. Back in London, the new British Government was horrified by Frere's actions. "What was the crime of the Zulu?!" became the call-to-arms of liberal leader William Gladstone. In 1880, Bartle Frere was recalled to London to face charges of misconduct, but the conflicts which he initiated were effectively the commencement of the South African Wars. John Gordon Sprigg was the local puppet Prime Minister of the Cape (1878–81), whom Bartle Frere installed to lead the Cape Colony into Confederation, after he had deposed the previous elected government. At first, Sprigg had opposed confederation (like most local Cape leaders), but he prudently converted, and Frere offered him the Cape government if he promised to assist the confederation plan. His government consequently pursued expansionist military policies and attempted to segregate and disarm the Cape's Black soldiers and allies. His discriminatory policies shocked much of the Cape's liberal political elite, and alienated the Cape's traditional allies – such as the Sotho and Fengu nations. A string of defeats followed – from the superior strategies of the Sotho army, among others. Facing military defeat and bankruptcy, Sprigg became more and more unpopular. Once his imperial protector Bartle Frere was recal

Mgolombane Sandile

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libby_Holman

Libby Holman

Libby Holman

English: Photograph of Libby Holman Subtle advertisement for Lux Toilet Soap

Elizabeth Lloyd Holzman, best known as Libby Holman, was an American Actress, singer, and civil rights activist who also achieved notoriety for her complex and unconventional personal life.

Elizabeth Lloyd Holzman, best known as Libby Holman (May 23, 1904 – June 18, 1971), was an American Actress, singer, and civil rights activist who also achieved notoriety for her complex and unconventional personal life.

Libby Holman in 1930

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._J._Gabrielsson

K. J. Gabrielsson

K. J. Gabrielsson

English: Swedish May 1st Badge 1938 depicting K J Gabrielsson

Karl Johan Gabrielsson was a Swedish socialist writer and poet. The son of a railway worker, he was born to a poor family in Töreboda, Västra Götaland County, Gabrielsson eventually settled in Stockholm where he became a socialist and writer, mainly of revolutionary poems, for the newspaper Social-Demokraten. He died from tuberculosis in 1901 following a long illness. Gabrielsson was the most famous poet of the socialist wave of writers. He differed, however, from other writers in that his works called for reform rather than out and out revolutions. His poems were piercingly accurate. The reason for this was that when he wrote, he was doing so from personal experience. His childhood was passed in dire poverty. Even as a child he had to work as a construction laborer. His literary career began in 1892 when he found a job as a reporter in The Social Democrat. He later became the editor of the weekly People's Will. His most famous poem was And I would forget I?, which appeared in the October 21, 1892 issue of The Social Democrat. Gabrielsson is the subject a biography written by the radical journalist Ture Nerman.

Karl Johan (K. J.) Gabrielsson (1861–1901) was a Swedish socialist writer and poet. The son of a railway worker, he was born to a poor family in Töreboda, Västra Götaland County, Gabrielsson eventually settled in Stockholm where he became a socialist and writer, mainly of revolutionary poems, for the newspaper Social-Demokraten. He died from tuberculosis in 1901 following a long illness. Gabrielsson was the most famous poet of the socialist wave of writers. He differed, however, from other writers in that his works called for reform rather than out and out revolutions. His poems were piercingly accurate. The reason for this was that when he wrote, he was doing so from personal experience. His childhood was passed in dire poverty. Even as a child he had to work as a construction laborer. His literary career began in 1892 when he found a job as a reporter in The Social Democrat. He later became the editor of the weekly People's Will. His most famous poem was And I would forget I?, which appeared in the October 21, 1892 issue of The Social Democrat. Gabrielsson is the subject a biography written by the radical journalist Ture Nerman.

A medal depicting Karl Johan Gabrielsson.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/K_j_gabrielsson.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Don,_Yorkshire

River Don, Yorkshire

Thurlstone Leapings Lane footbridge

River Don, Yorkshire / Bridges / Bridges in Upper Don area / Thurlstone Leapings Lane footbridge

English: Penistone - Viaduct

The River Don is a river in South Yorkshire and the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It rises in the Pennines, west of Dunford Bridge, and flows for 70 miles eastwards, through the Don Valley, via Penistone, Sheffield, Rotherham, Mexborough, Conisbrough, Doncaster and Stainforth. It originally joined the Trent, but was re-engineered by Cornelius Vermuyden as the Dutch River in the 1620s, and now joins the River Ouse at Goole. Don Valley is the local UK parliamentary constituency near the Doncaster stretch of the river.

One of many footpath crossings of the Don in the upper part of its course. This path links the A628 (near St Saviour’s Church) with Leapings Lane. There is a ford by the side of the footbridge and this can be easily crossed by road vehicles for most of the year.

Penistone Viaduct

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dowling_(pastor)

John Dowling (pastor)

John Dowling (pastor)

English: Identifier: historyofromanis00dowl (find matches) Title: The history of Romanism: from the earliest corruptions of Christianity to the present time : with full chronological table, analytical and alphabetical indexes and glossary. Illustrated by numerous accurate and highly finished engravings of its ceremonies, superstitions, persecutions, and historical incidents Year: 1845 (1840s) Authors: Dowling, John, 1807-1878 Subjects: Catholic Church Publisher: New York : E. Walker Contributing Library: Columbia University Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: MSN View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: ' Text Appearing After Image: THE HISTOEY OF ROMANISM: FROM THE EARLIEST CORRUPTIONS OF CHRISTIANITY TO THE PRESENT TIME. WITH FULL CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE, ANALYTICAL AND ALPHA-BETICAL INDEXES AND GLOSSARY. ILLUSTRATED BY NUMEROUS ACCURATE AND HIGHLY FINISHED EN-GRAVINGS OF ITS CEREMONIES, SUPERSTITIONS, PERSECUTIONS,AND HISTORICAL INCIDENTS. BY REV. JOHN DOWLING, A.M. PASTOR OF THE BEREAN CHURCH, NEW YORK. M-vo-riipiov ! Ba0v\i>v h fieyaXn, tj pjrrip t£>v Tropvdv xal tuv PilKvyparuv rrjS yni Rev. xvii., 5. NEW YORK:EDWARD WALKER, 114 FULTON STREET 1845. Frederic B. AlliaJua 21 1940 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1845, by EDWARD WALKER, In the Clerks Office of the District Court for the Southern District of New York. R. Craigheads Power Press. R. C. Valentine, St i : .2 Fulton Street 45 Gold Street. PREFACE, The present work is intended to supply a chasm that has long beenfelt by ministers, theological students, and other intelligent protes-tants, in the historical and religious literature o Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.

John William Dowling was an American Baptist minister, the author of The History of Romanism: from the Earliest Corruptions of Christianity to the Present Time.

John William Dowling (May 13, 1807 Pavensey, Sussex, England - July 4, 1878 Middletown, New York) was an American Baptist minister, the author of The History of Romanism: from the Earliest Corruptions of Christianity to the Present Time.

Drawing depicting John Dowling authoring his book.[1]

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%82%C5%BCa

Iłża

Sights

Iłża / Sights

Polski: Iłża, Rynek English: Market Square in Iłża, Poland

Iłża is a small town in Masovian Voivodeship, Poland. In 2006 Iłża had approximately 5,165 inhabitants. The town belongs to the historical region of Lesser Poland, and from its foundation until 1795, it was part of Lesser Poland’s Sandomierz Voivodeship. Iłża lies in Malopolska Upland, on the Iłżanka river, 30 kilometres south of Radom, and is situated along National Road Nr. 9, which is part of European route E371. Iłża is the northern terminus of the Starachowice Narrow Gauge Line, a 20-kilometre line built in the early 1950s, which now is open for tourists in the summer.

Among local attractions are: remains of the castle built in 1340 by bishop Jan Grot, which in 1560s was turned into a Renaissance residence, parish church dating back to 1326, remodelled in 1603, remnants of Gothic buildings, such as round tower (late 13th century), Holy Spirit church (1448), rebuilt in 1922, parish cemetery (1832), Jewish cemetery from the 19th century, complex of the 1754 hospital.

Rynek (market square), filled with historic townhouses, with the Gothic-Baroque Church of the Assumption in the background

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_corporate_law

United States corporate law

Duty of care

United States corporate law / Directors' duties / Duty of care

English: New York Stock Exchange This is an image of a place or building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the United States of America. Its reference number is 78001877

United States corporate law regulates the governance, finance and power of corporations in US law. Every state and territory has its own basic corporate code, while federal law creates minimum standards for trade in company shares and governance rights, found mostly in the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended by laws like the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 and the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. The US Constitution was interpreted by the US Supreme Court to allow corporations to incorporate in the state of their choice, regardless of where their headquarters are. Over the 20th century, most major corporations incorporated under the Delaware General Corporation Law, which offered lower corporate taxes, fewer shareholder rights against directors, and developed a specialized court and legal profession. Nevada has done the same. Twenty-four states follow the Model Business Corporation Act, while New York and California are important due to their size.

The duty of care that is owed by all people performing services for others is, in principle, also applicable to directors of corporations. Generally speaking, the duty of care requires an objective standard of diligence and skill when people perform services, which could be expected from a reasonable person in a similar position (e.g. auditors must act "with the care and caution proper to their calling", and builders must perform their work in line with "industry standards"). In a 1742 decision of the English Court of Chancery, The Charitable Corporation v Sutton, the directors of the Charitable Corporation, which gave out small loans to the needy, were held liable for failing to keep procedures in place that would have prevented three officers defrauding the corporation of a vast sum of money. Lord Hardwicke, noting that a director's office was of a "mixed nature", partly "of the nature of a public office" and partly like "agents" employed in "trust", held that the directors were liable. Though they were not to be judged with hindsight, Lord Hardwicke said he could "never determine that frauds of this kind are out of the reach of courts of law or equity, for an intolerable grievance would follow from such a determination." Many states have similarly maintained an objective baseline duty of care for corporate directors, while acknowledging different levels of care can be expected from directors of small or large corporations, and from directors with executive or non-executive roles on the board. However, in Delaware, as in a number of other states, the existence of a duty of care has become increasingly uncertain. In 1985, the Delaware Supreme Court passed one of its most debated judgments, Smith v Van Gorkom. The directors of TransUnion, including Jerome W. Van Gorkom, were sued by the shareholders for failing to adequately research the corporation's value, before approving a sale price of $55 per share to the Marmon Group. The Court held that to be a protected business judgment, "the directors of a corporation [must have] acted on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the company." Failing to act on an informed basis, if it caused loss, would amount to gross negligence, and here the directors were liable. The decision triggered a panic among corporate boards which believed they would be exposed to massive liability, and insurance firms who feared rising costs of providing directors and officers liability insurance to corporate boards. In response to lobbying, the Delaware General Corporation Law was amended to insert a new §102(b)(7). This allowed corporations to give directors immunity from liability for breach of the duty of care in their charter. However, for those corporations which did not introduce liability waivers, the courts subsequently proceeded to reduce the duty of care outright. In 1996, In re Caremark International Inc. Derivative Litigation required "an utter failure to attempt to assure a reasonable information and reporting system exists", and in 2003 In re Walt Disney Derivative Litigation went further. Chancellor Chandler held directors could only be liable for showing "reckless indifference to or a deliberate disregard of the whole body of stockholders" through actions that are "without the bounds of reason". In one of the cases that came out of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, the same line of reasoning was deployed in In re Citigroup Inc Shareholder Derivative Litigation. Chancellor Chandler, confirming his previous opinions in Re Walt Disney and the dicta of Re Caremark, held that the directors of Citigroup could not be liable for failing to have a warning system in place to guard against potential losses from sub-prime mortgage debt. Although there had been several indications of the significant risks, and Citigroup's practices along with its competitors were argued to have contributed to crashing the international economy, Chancellor Chandler held that "plaintiffs would ultimately have to prove bad faith conduct by the di

In Ultramares Corporation v Touche,[143] a case concerning Touche, Niven & Company (now Deloitte) across from the NYSE,[144] Cardozo CJ held that the ordinary duty of care applicable to professionals performing services requires people to act "with the care and caution proper to their calling".

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinWinD

WinWinD

WinWinD

English: WinWinD windmill factory in Hamina, Finland. Suomi: Winwindin tuulivoimalatehdas Haminassa.

WinWinD was a wind turbine manufacturer headquartered in Espoo, Finland. It manufactured and supplied wind turbines with capacity of 1 and 3 MW. The company was founded in 2000 in Oulu. In 2006, Chinnakannan Sivasankaran's Siva Group of India acquired majority control in WinWinD. In September 2008, the Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company invested €120million in WinWinD acquiring 40% stake of the company. In addition to Siva and Masdar, the Finnish investment fund Suomen Teollisuussijoitus has a stake in WinWinD. The 3MW wind turbine has a medium speed drive train. The nacelle design is similar to Multibrid 5MW wind turbine. WinWinD has assembly factories in Hamina, Finland, and Chennai, India. It employs more than 800 people globally. In addition to Finland, WinWinD turbines produce energy in Sweden, Estonia, France, Portugal, the Czech Republic and India.

WinWinD was a wind turbine manufacturer headquartered in Espoo, Finland. It manufactured and supplied wind turbines with capacity of 1 and 3 MW. The company was founded in 2000 in Oulu. In 2006, Chinnakannan Sivasankaran's Siva Group of India acquired majority control in WinWinD. In September 2008, the Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company (Masdar) invested €120million in WinWinD acquiring 40% stake of the company. In addition to Siva and Masdar, the Finnish investment fund Suomen Teollisuussijoitus (Finnish Industry Investment) has a stake in WinWinD. The 3MW wind turbine has a medium speed drive train. The nacelle design is similar to Multibrid 5MW wind turbine. WinWinD has assembly factories in Hamina, Finland, and Chennai, India. It employs more than 800 people globally. In addition to Finland, WinWinD turbines produce energy in Sweden, Estonia, France, Portugal, the Czech Republic and India.

WinWinD facility in Hamina

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrification

Electrification

Pre-electric power

Electrification / Benefits of electrification / Pre-electric power

Français : Batteuse 1881 Deutsch: Zeichnung einer göpelbetriebenen Dreschmaschine aus einem technischen Lexikon des Jahres 1881 English: Drawing of a horse-powered thresher from a French dictionary (published in 1881)

Electrification is the process of powering by electricity and, in many contexts, the introduction of such power by changing over from an earlier power source. The broad meaning of the term, such as in the history of technology, economic history, and economic development, usually applies to a region or national economy. Broadly speaking, electrification was the build-out of the electricity generation and electric power distribution systems that occurred in Britain, the United States, and other now-developed countries from the mid-1880s until around 1950 and is still in progress in rural areas in some developing countries. This included the transition in manufacturing from line shaft and belt drive using steam engines and water power to electric motors. The electrification of particular sectors of the economy is called by terms such as factory electrification, household electrification, rural electrification or railway electrification.

"One of the inventions most important to a class of highly skilled workers (engineers) would be a small motive power - ranging perhaps from the force of from half a man to that of two horses, which might commence as well as cease its action at a moment's notice, require no expense of time for its management and be of modest cost both in original cost and in daily expense." Charles Babbage, 1851 To be efficient steam engines needed to be several hundred horsepower. Steam engines and boilers also required operators and maintenance. For these reasons the smallest commercial steam engines were about 2 horsepower. This was above the need for many small shops. Also, a small steam engine and boiler cost about $7,000 while an old blind horse that could develop 1/2 horsepower cost $20 or less. Machinery to use horses for power cost $300 or less. Many power requirements were less than that of a horse. Shop machines, such as woodworking lathes, were often powered with a one- or two-man crank. Household sewing machines were powered with a foot treadle; however, factory sewing machines were steam-powered from a line shaft. Dogs were sometimes used on machines such as a treadmill, which could be adapted to churn butter. In the late 19th century specially designed power buildings leased space to small shops. These building supplied power to the tenants from a steam engine through line shafts. Electric motors were several times more efficient than small steam engines because central station generation was more efficient than small steam engines and because line shafts and belts had high friction losses. Electric motors were more efficient than human or animal power. The conversion efficiency for animal feed to work is between 4 and 5% compared to over 30% for electricity generated using coal.

Threshing machine in 1881.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Neumann

Oscar Neumann

Oscar Neumann

Map of the route of Oscar Neumann

Oscar Rudolph Neumann was a German ornithologist and naturalist who explored and collected specimens in Africa. He fled via Cuba and settled in the United States to escape Nazi persecution of Jews. Neumann's starling and several other species are named after him. Neumann was born in wealthy Jewish family, the son of Maximilian and Anna née Meyer. A younger sister of his was Elsa Neumann who became one of the first physics doctorates from Berlin University. Another sister Alice was a sculptor. He travelled to German East Africa across Tanganyika, Uganda and Kenya in 1892 and collected for the Berlin Museum publishing descriptions. In 1899 he accompanied Baron Carlo von Erlanger through Somaliland and southern Ethiopia, collecting birds that went to Lord Walter Rothschild's bird collection in Tring. In 1915 he went to New Guinea and also made an expedition to Sulawesi in 1938 sponsored by the specimen collector and dealer J. J. Menden. In 1908 he lost much of his money and was hoping to work for Rothschild in Tring but this did not materialize as Rothschild himself ran into financial problems. Neumann then took to stock-broking in Berlin.

Oscar Rudolph Neumann (3 September 1867 in Berlin – 17 May 1946 in Chicago) was a German ornithologist and naturalist who explored and collected specimens in Africa. He fled via Cuba and settled in the United States to escape Nazi persecution of Jews. Neumann's starling (Onychognathus neumanni) and several other species are named after him. Neumann was born in wealthy Jewish family, the son of Maximilian and Anna née Meyer. A younger sister of his was Elsa Neumann (1872-1902) who became one of the first physics doctorates from Berlin University. Another sister Alice was a sculptor. He travelled to German East Africa across Tanganyika, Uganda and Kenya in 1892 and collected for the Berlin Museum publishing descriptions. In 1899 he accompanied Baron Carlo von Erlanger through Somaliland and southern Ethiopia, collecting birds that went to Lord Walter Rothschild's bird collection in Tring. In 1915 he went to New Guinea and also made an expedition to Sulawesi in 1938 sponsored by the specimen collector and dealer J. J. Menden. In 1908 he lost much of his money and was hoping to work for Rothschild in Tring but this did not materialize as Rothschild himself ran into financial problems. Neumann then took to stock-broking in Berlin. In 1941, with the help of his friend Julius Riemer he fled Nazi Germany, traveling from Berlin to Cuba, then to Chicago, where he worked the final years of his life as a curator in the Field Museum of Natural History. He was elected to the British Ornithologists' Union in 1897 but resigned in 1910 due to financial reasons. He never married.

Neumann's travels in Ethiopia and Sudan

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tale_of_Ginger_and_Pickles

The Tale of Ginger and Pickles

Background

The Tale of Ginger and Pickles / Background

English: Hill Top Farm, Near Sawrey, Cumbria. Home of children's author, Beatrix Potter. As requested in her will, the interior has been "left as if she had just gone out to the post": a fire burning in the hearth, cups and saucers on the table ready for a visitor!

The Tale of Ginger and Pickles is a children's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter, and first published by Frederick Warne & Co. in 1909. The book tells of two shopkeepers who extend unlimited credit to their customers and, as a result, are forced to go out of business. It was originally published in a large format which permitted Potter the opportunity to lavish great detail on the illustrations and also allowed her to include black-and-white vignettes. Potter filled the tale with characters from her previous books. The book was eventually republished in the standard small format of the Peter Rabbit series and was adapted to drama in 1931.

Helen Beatrix Potter was born to wealth and privilege on 28 July 1866 in London to barrister Rupert Potter and his wife Helen (Leech) Potter. Raised by a series of governesses, Beatrix filled her hours with reading, painting, drawing, and tending a schoolroom menagerie of small mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Summer holidays in Scotland or the Lake District and long visits to her grandparents' Camfield Place home in Hertfordshire cultivated her love for and observation of the natural world. As a young woman, she was discouraged from seeking higher education, and groomed instead to be a permanent resident and housekeeper in her parents' London home. While summering with family in Perthshire in 1893, the 27-year-old Potter sent a story and picture letter about a disobedient young rabbit to the son of her former governess Annie Carter Moore, and continued to send similar letters to the boy and his siblings over the following years. Mrs. Moore recognized the literary value of the letters and urged her former charge to publish them. Potter developed the 1893 letter into The Tale of Peter Rabbit, and worked up a dummy book based on the small book format and style of Helen Bannerman's bestselling Little Black Sambo (1899) with its pages of simple texts opposite appropriate pictures. The late Victorian and early Edwardian children's book market was flooded by inexpensive small format books with profusions of illustrations made possible by technological advances in colour reproduction. The publishing firm of Frederick Warne & Co. wanted to compete in this lucrative market and chose to publish Peter Rabbit after receiving an enthusiastic endorsement from their prominent children's book artist L. Leslie Brooke. The illustrations were reproduced by the then-new Hentschel three-colour process which favoured a painterly rather than a linear style and was kinder to watercolours than chromolithography. Potter's career as a children's author and illustrator was launched in October 1902 when The Tale of Peter Rabbit was published to great success. Five books similar in concept and format followed, and, in July 1905, profits from book sales and a small legacy from an aunt allowed Potter to buy a 34-acre (140,000 m²) farm called Hill Top at Sawrey in the Lake District. The farm became her home away from London and her artistic retreat. In the years immediately following its purchase, she produced tales and illustrations based on the farm, its natural surroundings, and nearby villages. Ginger and Pickles was inspired by a shop in Smithy Lane, Sawrey, where villagers came to make purchases, visit, and exchange gossip. The book was dedicated to bedridden shop owner and blacksmith John Taylor whose wife and daughter ran his shop. Taylor had long wanted to appear in a Potter book but was unable to leave his bed to pose for the artist. He told her he thought he could pass for a dormouse; Potter made him John Dormouse in the tale. He did not live long enough to see the book or its dedication. Ginger was modelled on Tommy Bunkle, a cat belonging to Sawrey schoolmistress Mrs. Bunkle. Potter thought the cat's colour unusual and was reluctant to put him in clothes but bowed to her public's preference in storybook animals. She refused however to put him in trousers. Potter wrote to friend Millie Warne during the composition process that the book was causing some amusement in Sawrey: "It has got a good many views which can be recognized in the village which is what they like, they are all quite jealous of each others [sic] houses & cats getting into a book". Potter wrote Ginger and Pickles in a penny exercise book as a Christmas gift for Louie Warne, the daughter of her publisher Harold Warne, and worked on proofs during her 1909 summer holiday at the country house of Broad Leys near Bowness-on-Windermere. The Tale of the Flopsy Bunnies and Ginger and Pickles were the two books chosen for publication by Frederick Warne & Co. in 1909. The book was finished in August. It was published in October 1909 in a large format that was later reduced to

House at Hill Top

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priory_of_St_Mary_in_the_Meadow,_Beeston_Regis

Priory of St Mary in the Meadow, Beeston Regis

History

Priory of St Mary in the Meadow, Beeston Regis / History

The Priory of St Mary in the Meadow, also known as Beeston Priory is a former Augustinian Priory, located in the village of Beeston Regis, Norfolk, United Kingdom.

The priory was founded in 1216 by Margery de Cressy, and was dedicated to St Mary in the Meadow (St Mary de Pratis). Unlike many small houses of the Augustinian Order, Beeston Priory was independent. The priory's canons served as parish priests for nearby churches, whilst also running a boys' school at the priory for both boarding and day students. The priory was originally endowed with 40 acres (160,000 m²) of land, and was given the rights to wrecks and flotsam and jetsam. Within the monastic precinct there were agricultural buildings and probably a smithy, a brewery, a guest-house, a wash-house, latrines and other buildings necessary for the running of the busy local community. In 1317, a canon at the priory, John de Walsam, attacked the Bishop (most probably John Salmon, Bishop of Norwich) with a sword. After the matter was referred to Pope John XXII, de Walsam was sent to Rome. As the Bishop had recovered, the pope absolved de Walsam and instructed the Bishop to arrange for him to perform penance. In 1291 the priory was inspected for tax and was recorded as having an annual value of £25 5s. 10¼d for its possessions in Norfolk, and £2 10s. 10½d for those in Suffolk. On the 25 August 1494 the priory was visited by James Goldwell, Bishop of Norwich. This visit revealed that, although there were other priests present, the Prior, John Poty, was the only canon at the priory, as the other, Thomas Taverner, had gone "absent without leave". Bishop Goldwell instructed Prior Poty to find two new canons as soon as possible. The abbey was visited again on 18 July 1514, this time by Richard Nykke, Bishop of Norwich. Canon Thomas Taverner was again absent without leave, but was thought to have been in Norwich. The other canons were listed as Canon Nicholas Wodforth, Canon Robins, Canon Daume and Canon Rump. This visit revealed potential financial impropriety as the Prior would not produce the priory's accounts. Other concerns were that the school was not operational, and that matins were not being said at the right time. Bishop Nykke visited the priory again in August 1532, on the election of Prior Richard Hudson. He found all the accounts and affairs at the priory to be in order. The Valor Ecclesiasticus of 1535 lists the priory as having an income, after expenses, of £43 2s. 4¾d., and debts of £20. The priory is recorded as being in good repair and was home to the prior and three canons, six boys (boarding at the school) and seven servants. The lead and bells at the priory were valued at £60, more than the annual income of the establishment. The priory avoided immediate suppression when Prior Richard Hudson and his four canons, Nicholas Wodforth, William Wusbarow, James Fysser, and Robert Swyer accepted King Henry VIII's supremacy over the church. The priory was finally dissolved in 1538, at which time Prior Hudson was awarded an annual pension of £5 (which he was still in receipt of as late as 1553). The suppression of the Priory and its school left no local provision for education. This is believed to have led Sir John Gresham to found Gresham's School at nearby Holt in 1555. Writing to Thomas Cromwell in March 1538, Sir Richard Rich said that the Canons at the priory "pretended themselves to be friars"; several historical documents have picked up on this and mistakenly referred to the priory as a Friary. The Priory and its possessions were leased by The Crown to John Travers in 1540 before being awarded, in 1545, to Sir Edmund Wyndham and Giles Seafoule. The site is currently owned and protected by Norfolk County Council, who have opened the ruins to the public.

Pope John XXII who absolved Canon John de Walsam after attacking the Bishop of Norwich

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/John22.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iseltwald

Iseltwald

Economy

Iseltwald / Economy

Deutsch: Iseltwald, Schweiz English: Iseltwald, Switzerland

Iseltwald is a village and municipality on the southern shore of Lake Brienz in the Bernese Oberland region of Switzerland. Politically, the municipality is located in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district of the canton of Bern.

As of  2011, Iseltwald had an unemployment rate of 1.49%. As of 2008, there were a total of 222 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 26 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 10 businesses involved in this sector. 19 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 8 businesses in this sector. 177 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 16 businesses in this sector. There were 210 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 43.8% of the workforce. In 2008 there were a total of 187 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 14, of which 12 were in agriculture and 2 were in fishing or fisheries. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 17 of which 9 or (52.9%) were in manufacturing and 8 (47.1%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 156. In the tertiary sector; 61 or 39.1% were in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 1.3% were in the information industry, 6 or 3.8% were in education and 81 or 51.9% were in health care. In 2000, there were 42 workers who commuted into the municipality and 101 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.4 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 7.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 44.3% used a private car.

Hotel Strand on the waterfront in Iseltwald

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drum_beat

Drum beat

Drum beat

English: Delayed backbeat (last eighth note in each measure) as in funk music. Created in Sibelius.

A drum beat or drum pattern is a rhythmic pattern, or repeated rhythm establishing the meter and groove through the pulse and subdivision, played on drum kits and other percussion instruments. As such a "beat" consists of multiple drum strokes occurring over multiple musical beats while the term "drum beat" may also refer to a single drum stroke which may occupy more or less time than the current pulse. Many drum beats define or are characteristic of specific music genres. Many basic drum beats establish the pulse through alternating bass and snare drums strokes while establishing the subdivision on the ride cymbal or hi-hat: This establishes a quarter note pulse in duple time: each measure is formed from two quarter note pulses, each pulse divided into two eighth notes. This establishes a quarter note pulse in triple time: each measure is formed from three quarter note pulses, each divided into two eighth notes. This establishes a dotted-quarter note pulse in duple time: each measure is formed from two dotted-quarter note pulses, each pulse divided into three eighth notes. Compound triple meter is equivalent to simple duple meter with triplets on every beat.

A drum beat or drum pattern is a rhythmic pattern, or repeated rhythm establishing the meter and groove through the pulse and subdivision, played on drum kits and other percussion instruments. As such a "beat" consists of multiple drum strokes occurring over multiple musical beats while the term "drum beat" may also refer to a single drum stroke which may occupy more or less time than the current pulse. Many drum beats define or are characteristic of specific music genres. Many basic drum beats establish the pulse through alternating bass (on the on-beats) and snare drums (on the off-beats) strokes while establishing the subdivision on the ride cymbal (thus its name) or hi-hat: This establishes a quarter note pulse in (quad)duple time: each measure is formed from (two groups of) two quarter note pulses, each pulse divided into two eighth notes. This establishes a quarter note pulse in triple time: each measure is formed from three quarter note pulses, each divided into two eighth notes. This establishes a dotted-quarter note pulse in duple time: each measure is formed from two dotted-quarter note pulses, each pulse divided into three eighth notes. Compound triple meter is equivalent to simple duple meter with triplets on every beat. This establishes a dotted-quarter note pulse in triple time: each measure is formed from three dotted-quarter note pulses, each pulse divided into three eighth notes. A "fill" is played in between the regular strokes of a pattern and/or signals the end of a phrase: Since a phrase is multiple measures long, a fill signaling the end of one would come at the end of the last in a series of repeated measures. In double and half-time patterns the pulse and ride are either doubled or halved, respectively, occurring twice or half as often: A blast beat drum pattern features all drums on the eighth note subdivision or variants with one or more drum's pattern displaced by a sixteenth note: This resembles a combination of double-time (bass-snare pattern) and original time (ride pattern). Despite the difference in notation, there is no difference in interonset intervals and this pattern is nearly identical to the first simple duple pattern except for the second onbeat being divided into two eighth notes and the second backbeat being delayed an eighth note. The heavy metal gallop, named for a horse's canter, is based on a bass drum pattern of one eighth followed by two sixteenths.

Delayed backbeat (last eighth note in each measure) as in funk music[4] About this soundplay (help·info)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Berry

Mary Berry

Mary Berry

Mary Berry works wonders at Chelsea

Mary Rosa Alleyne Hunnings CBE, known professionally as Mary Berry, is a British food writer, chef and television presenter. After being encouraged in domestic science classes at school, she studied catering and institutional management at college. She then moved to France at the age of 21 to study at Le Cordon Bleu culinary school, before working in a number of cooking-related jobs. She has published more than 75 cookery books, including her best-selling Baking Bible in 2009. Her first book was The Hamlyn All Colour Cookbook in 1970. She hosted several television series for the BBC and Thames Television. Berry is an occasional contributor to Woman's Hour and Saturday Kitchen. She was a judge on the BBC One television programme The Great British Bake Off from its launch in 2010 until 2016, when it relocated to Channel 4.

Mary Rosa Alleyne Hunnings CBE (née Berry; born 24 March 1935), known professionally as Mary Berry, is a British food writer, chef and television presenter. After being encouraged in domestic science classes at school, she studied catering and institutional management at college. She then moved to France at the age of 21 to study at Le Cordon Bleu culinary school, before working in a number of cooking-related jobs. She has published more than 75 cookery books, including her best-selling Baking Bible in 2009. Her first book was The Hamlyn All Colour Cookbook in 1970. She hosted several television series for the BBC and Thames Television. Berry is an occasional contributor to Woman's Hour and Saturday Kitchen. She was a judge on the BBC One (originally BBC Two) television programme The Great British Bake Off from its launch in 2010 until 2016, when it relocated to Channel 4.

Berry at the Chelsea Flower Show in 2017

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brent_Seabrook

Brent Seabrook

Professional

Brent Seabrook / Playing career / Professional

ERI_4852 St. Louis Blues vs. Chicago Blackhawks National Hockey League - 2010–11 NHL season. Photos taken by Sarah Connors on February 21, 2011. Blues lost, 5-3.

Brent Seabrook is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman and alternate captain for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League. He was selected in the first round, 14th overall, by the Blackhawks in the 2003 NHL Entry Draft out of the Western Hockey League. He played four seasons of junior with the Lethbridge Hurricanes before joining the Blackhawks in 2005–06, since then he has been a key component in their success including three Stanley Cup Championships. Internationally, he competes for Team Canada and has won gold medals at the 2003 IIHF World U18 Championships, 2005 World Junior Championships and 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

Seabrook made his professional debut after completing his fourth and final WHL season, being assigned to the Norfolk Admirals, the Blackhawks' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, for the final three games of the regular season and six post-season games. Seabrook cracked the Blackhawks' line-up his first year out of junior in 2005–06 and recorded five goals and 32 points as a rookie. In his third NHL season, in 2007–08, Seabrook matched his rookie total with 32 points while tallying a personal-best nine goals. He began the season on the top-defensive pairing with Duncan Keith. The following season, Seabrook became an integral part of a young and rejuvenated Blackhawks team that made the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time in seven years the following season in 2009. He scored 11 points in 17 post-season games as the Blackhawks made it to the Western Conference Finals, where they were defeated by the Detroit Red Wings. On March 17, 2010, Seabrook was knocked out by a high hit from James Wisniewski, a former teammate. Seabrook missed the next two games, while Wisniewski was ultimately suspended for eight games. On June 9, 2010, the Blackhawks won the Stanley Cup after defeating the Philadelphia Flyers 4–3 in overtime. On February 27, 2011, the Blackhawks signed Seabrook to a five-year, $29 million contract extension. On May 29, 2013, Seabrook scored the Game 7 overtime winner against the Detroit Red Wings in the Western Conference Semi-finals, advancing Chicago to the Western Conference Final. During the Finals, on June 19, Seabrook scored the overtime winner against the Boston Bruins in Game 4 of the series. Seabrook won his second Stanley Cup as the Blackhawks beat the Bruins in six games. During the first round of the 2014 playoffs, Seabrook delivered a high-hit to David Backes of the St. Louis Blues. Backes was forced to leave the game and Seabrook was assessed a match penalty. The Department of Player Safety reviewed the hit and suspended Seabrook for three games. On September 17, 2015, the Blackhawks named Seabrook as an alternate captain. On September 26, 2015, Blackhawks extended Seabrook's contract for 8 years. Seabrook played in his 1,000th NHL game on March 29, 2018, in a game against the Winnipeg Jets. On December 11, 2018, Seabrook and teammate Duncan Keith became the first pair of defencemen, and the seventh duo in NHL history to play 1,000 games together. On December 26, 2019, the Blackhawks placed Seabrook on long-term IR after announcing he would require three separate surgical operations to repair his right shoulder and both hips. Seabrook missed the remainder of the 2019-20 season. He returned to practice with the team in July to prepare for the 2020 Stanley Cup playoffs, which had been postponed to August due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Seabrook opted out of the playoffs on July 24 to focus on fully recovering from his surgery.

Seabrook with the Blackhawks on February 18, 2011, several days before he signed a five year extension with the team

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/622d_Expeditionary_Air_Refueling_Squadron

622d Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron

Recent Operations

622d Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron / Recent Operations

English: A USAF KC-135E Stratotanker (58-0108, 940th ARW/AFRC) refuels an F-16C Fighting Falcon (89-2068, 555th FS, Aviano AB, Italy/USAFE) in mid-air. Français : KC-135 Statotanker ravitaillant avec une perche rigide

The 622d Air Refueling Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. The squadron was first established during World War II as the 22d Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron. The squadron served in the European Theater of World War II, where it earned a Distinguished Unit Citation and a French Croix de Guerre with Palm for its actions in combat. The unit was again active in the Air Force Reserve as the 22d Reconnaissance Squadron from 1947 to 1949 but apparently was not equipped with its own aircraft. In 1985 the squadron was consolidated with the 622d Air Refueling Squadron. The 622d Air Refueling Squadron served with Tactical Air Command beginning in 1955. It was last assigned to the 4440th Aircraft Delivery Group at England Air Force Base, Louisiana, where it was inactivated on 1 Apr 1964.

The consolidated squadron was converted to provisional status and redesignated the 622d Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron. It is known to have operated from Istres le Tube, France from 2003 to 2004 to support Operation Joint Forge.

KC-135E of the 940th Air Refueling Wing assigned to the 622d Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron refuels a 555th Fighter Squadron F-16C over the Adriatic

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_and_Diabetes_Center_North_Rhine-Westphalia

Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia

Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine-Westphalia

Deutsch: HDZ NRW

The Herz und Diabeteszentrum, is a heart clinic in the German town Bad Oeynhausen. It is known for performing the most heart transplants in Europe.

The Herz und Diabeteszentrum (Heart and Diabetes Centre), is a heart clinic in the German town Bad Oeynhausen. It is known for performing the most heart transplants in Europe (over 2,200 since 1989).

Main entrance

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_5:18

Matthew 5:18

Matthew 5:18

English: Sermon on the Mount (1960)

Matthew 5:18 is the eighteenth verse of the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. Jesus has just reported that he came not to destroy the law, but fulfil it. In this verse this claim is reinforced.

Matthew 5:18 is the eighteenth verse of the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. Jesus has just reported that he came not to destroy the law, but fulfil it. In this verse this claim is reinforced.

The Sermon on the Mount (1960), a statue of Jesus in Oaklawn Memorial Gardens - Washington Park Cemetery Association, Indianapolis, IN, United States.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_University_of_Economics_and_Business

Capital University of Economics and Business

History

Capital University of Economics and Business / History

English: Beijing Experimental Workers Technical School

Capital University of Economics and Business is a modern, multi-disciplinary financial and economic university in Beijing, China. Founded in 1956 when the Ministry of Education founded the Beijing Economics Institute. In 1995, The Beijing government combined the Beijing Economics Institute and the Beijing Finance and Trade Institute creating Capital University of Economics and Business. CUEB is one of Beijing's three key universities, a member of Beijing - Hong Kong Universities Alliance.

Capital University of Economics and Business is a key university in Beijing. On 24 March 1995, the National Education Commission approved the merger of the Beijing Institute of Economics and the Beijing Institute of Finance and Trade. The name of the school was designated as the Capital University of Economics and Business. The predecessor of the Beijing Institute of Economics was the Beijing Labor Cadre School and the Beijing Experimental Workers Technical School, which were established in 1956. The Beijing Experimental Workers Technical School was relocated from Beijing to the Second Machinery Department Shenyang 211 Technical School. In October 1958, the Ministry of Labor approved the merger of the two schools to form the Beijing Labor College. In 1962, the Beijing Labor College was closed. In February 1963, the State Council approved the establishment of the Beijing Institute of Engineering Economics based on the Beijing Institute of Labor. On 7 June, the State Council approved the change of the Beijing Institute of Engineering Economics to the Beijing Institute of Economics. The school was closed during the Cultural Revolution. On 22 April 1974, the Beijing Economic College was established with the approval of the State Council. In 1986, the Beijing Institute of Economics was listed as a key university in Beijing. The predecessor of Beijing Finance and Trade College is the Beijing Municipal Finance and Trade Cadre School established in 1958. The Beijing Municipal Finance and Trade Cadre School was established by the merger of Beijing Commercial Cadre School, Beijing Commercial Workers School, Beijing Food Cadre School, Beijing Supply and Marketing Cooperative Cadre School, Beijing Service Bureau Staff Training Class, and Bank of Beijing Training Class. On 15 March 1960, the General Office of the Beijing Municipal People's Committee approved the establishment of the Beijing Finance and Trade Secondary Professional School. In August 1962, Beijing Municipal Finance and Trade School operated independently. The school was abolished during the Cultural Revolution. In October 1972, the Beijing Finance and Trade School was established. In 1973, it was established and named "Beijing Finance and Economics School". In 1975, it was renamed "Beijing Finance and Trade School." On 28 December 1978, the Ministry of Education issued the "Notice on Consent to Reinstatement and Addition of a Group of Ordinary Colleges and Universities", and added the Beijing Finance and Trade College as an ordinary higher education institution.

Beijing Experimental Workers Technical School

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_field

Visual field

Field defects in visual pathway lesions

Visual field / Visual field loss / Field defects in visual pathway lesions

English: Visual field defects in visual pathway lesion

The visual field is the "spatial array of visual sensations available to observation in introspectionist psychological experiments". Or simply, visual field can be defined as the entire area that can be seen when an eye is fixed straight at a point. The equivalent concept for optical instruments and image sensors is the field of view. In optometry, ophthalmology, and neurology, a visual field test is used to determine whether the visual field is affected by diseases that cause local scotoma or a more extensive loss of vision or a reduction in sensitivity.

The visual pathway consists of structures that carry visual information from the retina to the brain. Lesions in the pathway cause a variety of visual field defects. The type of field defect can help localize where the lesion is located (see figure). A lesions in the optic nerve of one eye causes partial or complete loss of vision in the same eye, with an intact field of vision in other eye. A lesion at the proximal part of optic nerve of one eye cause, central field defect in one eye and temporal half-field defect in the other eye (not shown in the figure). A lesion in the center of the optic chiasma causes bitemporal hemianopia A lesion to the optic tract, or involving the complete optic radiation causes homonimous hemianopia When part of the optic radiation in the parietal lobe is affected, the resulting field defect may be inferior quadrant hemianopia

Visual pathway lesions From top to bottom: 1. Complete loss of vision in the right eye 2. Bitemporal hemianopia 3. Homonymous hemianopia 4. Quadrantanopia 5.& 6. Quadrantanopia with macular sparing

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vocal_school

Vocal school

Vocal school

Children who lived in New Salem attended this one room school sitting on plank benches and reciting their lessons.

A vocal school, blab school or ABC school or old-time school was a type of children's primary school at some remote rural places in North America, outdated and obsolete as the 19th century progressed. The school children recited their lessons out loud separately or in chorus with others as a method of learning.

A vocal school, blab school or ABC school or old-time school was a type of children's primary school at some remote rural places in North America, outdated and obsolete as the 19th century progressed. The school children recited (blabbed) their lessons out loud separately or in chorus with others as a method of learning.

Vocal school in Lincoln's New Salem

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quauhol%C5%8Dlli

Quauholōlli

Quauholōlli

English: Tlaxcalan warriors together with their spaniard allies. Lienzo de Tlaxcala. XVI Century

The Quauholōlli was a blunt weapon used by Mesoamerican peoples. It consisted of a wooden stick ending in a hard ball, ideal for breaking bones. This weapon is represented in the Lienzo de Tlaxcala, Codex Duran and the Florentine codex.

The Quauholōlli was a blunt weapon used by Mesoamerican peoples. It consisted of a wooden stick ending in a hard ball, ideal for breaking bones. This weapon is represented in the Lienzo de Tlaxcala, Codex Duran and the Florentine codex.

A representation of a Quauholōlli from the Lienzo de Tlaxcala, 16th century.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeb_Bush

Jeb Bush

Jeb Bush

Official photo of former Florida Governor Jeb Bush

John Ellis "Jeb" Bush is an American businessman and politician. He served as the 43rd Governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. Bush is the second son of former President George H. W. Bush and former First Lady Barbara Bush, the younger brother of former President George W. Bush, and grandson of the late Prescott Bush, United States Senator from Connecticut. Following his father's successful run for Vice President in 1980, he moved to Florida and pursued a career in real estate development. In 1986, Bush was named Florida's Secretary of Commerce, a position he held until his resignation in 1988 to help his father's successful campaign for the Presidency. In 1994, Bush made his first run for office, losing the election for governor by less than two percentage points to the incumbent Lawton Chiles. Bush ran again in 1998 and defeated Lieutenant Governor Buddy MacKay with 55 percent of the vote. He ran for reelection in 2002. He won with 56 percent to become Florida's first two-term Republican governor.

John Ellis "Jeb" Bush (born February 11, 1953) is an American businessman and politician. He served as the 43rd Governor of Florida from 1999 to 2007. Bush is the second son of former President George H. W. Bush and former First Lady Barbara Bush, the younger brother of former President George W. Bush, and grandson of the late Prescott Bush, United States Senator from Connecticut. Following his father's successful run for Vice President in 1980, he moved to Florida and pursued a career in real estate development. In 1986, Bush was named Florida's Secretary of Commerce, a position he held until his resignation in 1988 to help his father's successful campaign for the Presidency. In 1994, Bush made his first run for office, losing the election for governor by less than two percentage points to the incumbent Lawton Chiles. Bush ran again in 1998 and defeated Lieutenant Governor Buddy MacKay with 55 percent of the vote. He ran for reelection in 2002. He won with 56 percent to become Florida's first two-term Republican governor. During his eight years as governor, Bush helped create environmental improvements, such as conservation in the Everglades, supporting caps for medical malpractice litigation, moving Medicaid recipients to private systems, and creating reforms to the state education system, including the issuance of vouchers and promoting school choice. Bush was a candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2016 presidential election.

Jeb Bush in 2005.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caledonia_Mountain

Caledonia Mountain

Climate

Caledonia Mountain / Climate

English: Caledonia Mountain and Mount Robson seen from The Whistlers

Caledonia Mountain is 2,863-metre summit located in the Canadian Rockies on the shared border of Alberta and British Columbia in Canada. It is also situated on the shared boundary of Jasper National Park with Mount Robson Provincial Park. It is Alberta's 59th most prominent mountain. It was named in 1926 given its position overlooking the Caledonian Valley.

Based on the Köppen climate classification, Caledonia Mountain is located in a subarctic climate with cold, snowy winters, and mild summers. Temperatures can drop below −20 °C with wind chill factors below −30 °C. In terms of favorable weather, June through September are the best months to climb. Precipitation runoff from the mountain drains west into tributaries of the Fraser River, or east into Miette River.

Caledonia Mountain (left) and Mount Robson (right)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Everett_F._Larson_(DD-830)

USS Everett F. Larson (DD-830)

ROKS Jeon Buk (DD-916)

USS Everett F. Larson (DD-830) / Service history / ROKS Jeon Buk (DD-916)

DD-916 JeonBuk of Korean Navy which was transferred from US Navy in 1972. DD-916 was originally DD-830 USS Everett F. Larson

USS Everett F. Larson was a Gearing-class destroyer of the United States Navy, named for Private First Class Everett F. Larson who was killed in the Guadalcanal campaign. Everett F. Larson was launched on 28 January 1945 by Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine; sponsored by Mrs. H. Larson, mother of PFC Larson; and commissioned on 6 April 1945, Commander H. Meyers in command. She was reclassified DDR-830 on 18 March 1949.

Everett F. Larson was transferred to South Korea on 30 October 1972. She served in the Republic of Korea Navy as ROKS Jeon Buk (DD-916). She was decommissioned by Korea in December 1999, and became a museum ship at Gangneung Unification Park, Gangneung, South Korea.

ROKS Jeong Buk (DD-916)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/DD916_Jeonbuk_1.JPG

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meena_Kumari

Meena Kumari

Meena Kumari

English: Hindi actress Meena Kumari in 1959 film Chand

Meena Kumari was an Indian film actress and poet, who worked in Hindi films. Popularly known as The Tragedy Queen She was active between 1939 and 1972. Kumari was described by critics as a "historically incomparable" actress of Hindi cinema. In a career spanning 33 years, she starred in about 92 films such as Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam, Pakeezah, Mere Apne, Aarti, Baiju Bawra, Parineeta, Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai, Foot Path, Dil Ek Mandir and Kaajal. Meena Kumari won four Filmfare Awards in the Best Actress category. She was the recipient of the inaugural Filmfare Best Actress Award for Baiju Bawra in 1954 and had a consecutive win in the second Filmfare Awards for Parineeta. Kumari made history at the 10th Filmfare Awards, by receiving all three of the Best Actress nominations, and won for her performance in Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam. In the 13th Filmfare Awards, Kumari won her last Best Actress award for Kaajal. Critics often noted that her character in Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam was similar to her own real-life story.

Meena Kumari (born Mahjabeen Bano; 1 August 1933 – 31 March 1972) was an Indian film actress and poet, who worked in Hindi films. Popularly known as The Tragedy Queen She was active between 1939 and 1972. Kumari was described by critics as a "historically incomparable" actress of Hindi cinema. In a career spanning 33 years, she starred in about 92 films such as Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam, Pakeezah, Mere Apne, Aarti, Baiju Bawra, Parineeta, Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai, Foot Path, Dil Ek Mandir and Kaajal. Meena Kumari won four Filmfare Awards in the Best Actress category. She was the recipient of the inaugural Filmfare Best Actress Award for Baiju Bawra in 1954 and had a consecutive win in the second Filmfare Awards (1955) for Parineeta. Kumari made history at the 10th Filmfare Awards (1963), by receiving all three of the Best Actress nominations, and won for her performance in Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam. In the 13th Filmfare Awards (1966), Kumari won her last Best Actress award for Kaajal. Critics often noted that her character in Sahib Bibi Aur Ghulam was similar to her own real-life story.

Meena Kumari in Chand (1959)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Mills_(musician)

Tony Mills (musician)

Tony Mills (musician)

English: Norwegian hardrock band TNT playing at the park at headquarters of Det norske Veritas at Høvik outside Oslo, Norway, 19. june 2012

Tony Mills performing in Norway in June 2012

Anthony Paul Mills was an English rock singer, best known for his work with Shy and TNT.

Anthony Paul Mills (7 July 1962 – 18 September 2019) was an English rock singer, best known for his work with Shy and TNT.

Tony Mills performing in Norway in June 2012

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassic

Triassic

Paleogeography

Triassic / Paleogeography

English: Saunders quarry, Pyrmont, Sydney

The Triassic is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.9 million years ago, to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.3 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period of the Mesozoic Era. Both the start and end of the period are marked by major extinction events. The Triassic period is subdivided into three epochs: Early Triassic, Middle Triassic and Late Triassic. The Triassic began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, which left the Earth's biosphere impoverished; it was well into the middle of the Triassic before life recovered its former diversity. Therapsids and archosaurs were the chief terrestrial vertebrates during this time. A specialized subgroup of archosaurs, called dinosaurs, first appeared in the Late Triassic but did not become dominant until the succeeding Jurassic Period. The first true mammals, themselves a specialized subgroup of therapsids, also evolved during this period, as well as the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, who, like the dinosaurs, were a specialized subgroup of archosaurs.

During the Triassic, almost all the Earth's land mass was concentrated into a single supercontinent centered more or less on the equator and spanning from pole to pole, called Pangaea ("all the land"). From the east, along the equator, the Tethys sea penetrated Pangaea, causing the Paleo-Tethys Ocean to be closed. Later in the mid-Triassic a similar sea penetrated along the equator from the west. The remaining shores were surrounded by the world-ocean known as Panthalassa ("all the sea"). All the deep-ocean sediments laid down during the Triassic have disappeared through subduction of oceanic plates; thus, very little is known of the Triassic open ocean. The supercontinent Pangaea was rifting during the Triassic—especially late in that period—but had not yet separated. The first nonmarine sediments in the rift that marks the initial break-up of Pangaea, which separated New Jersey from Morocco, are of Late Triassic age; in the U.S., these thick sediments comprise the Newark Group. Because a super-continental mass has less shoreline compared to one broken up, Triassic marine deposits are globally relatively rare, despite their prominence in Western Europe, where the Triassic was first studied. In North America, for example, marine deposits are limited to a few exposures in the west. Thus Triassic stratigraphy is mostly based on organisms that lived in lagoons and hypersaline environments, such as Estheria crustaceans.

Sydney, Australia lies on Triassic shales and sandstones. Almost all of the exposed rocks around Sydney belong to the Triassic Sydney sandstone.[11]

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Belette_(1814)

HMS Belette (1814)

HMS Belette (1814)

English: Belette (1814); Gannet (1814) No scale, probably 1:48. Plan showing the lower deck, with cabin and bin layouts, and the fore & aft platforms for Belette (1814) and Gannet (1814), both 18-gun Brigs to be built by Messrs Larking & Spong, at King's Lynn, Norfolk. Initialled by Henry Peake [Surveyor of the Navy, 1806-1822], Joseph Tucker [Surveyor of the Navy, 1813-1833], and Robert Seppings [Surveyor of the Navy, 1813-1832]. lower deck plan

HMS Belette was an 18-gun Cruizer-class brig-sloop, built by Edward Larking and William Spong at Kings Lynn and launched in 1814. She was the second Cruizer-class brig-sloop to bear the name. Belette had an uneventful career performing peacetime patrols and was sold in 1828.

HMS Belette (or Bellette) was an 18-gun Cruizer-class brig-sloop, built by Edward Larking and William Spong at Kings Lynn and launched in 1814. She was the second Cruizer-class brig-sloop to bear the name. Belette had an uneventful career performing peacetime patrols and was sold in 1828.

Belette

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow_Country_Club

Sleepy Hollow Country Club

Club

Sleepy Hollow Country Club / Club

English: This is an image of the Woodlea estate in Briarcliff Manor, New York.

Golfers on a large riverside course

Sleepy Hollow Country Club is a historic country club in Scarborough-on-Hudson in Briarcliff Manor, New York. The club was founded in 1911, and its clubhouse was known as Woodlea, a 140-room Vanderbilt mansion owned by Colonel Elliott Fitch Shepard and his wife Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt Shepard. It was built in 1892–95 at a cost of $2 million and was designed by the architectural firm McKim, Mead & White; the estate became a contributing property to the Scarborough Historic District in 1984. Woodlea's exterior was designed in an Italian Renaissance Revival style, incorporating Beaux-Arts details. The building's facades are composed primarily of buff-colored Italian brick. The south and west facades are symmetrical, but the overall plan of the house is not. The house's west facade is the longest and most ornate, and has a view of the Hudson River from its west-facing windows and adjoining terrace. The main entrance is on the building's south, directly approached from the south drive. The interior also has significant features, including marble fireplaces, coffered ceilings, and extensive carved wood and plaster detail.

The club currently has 338 acres (0.5 sq mi) and a 27-hole golf course with tree-limb footbridges. Facilities include the main clubhouse, a pool complex, ten Har-Tru tennis courts, four aluminum heated platform tennis courts, four squash courts, eighteen guest rooms, skeet and trap areas, a 45-horse boarding facility, twenty paddocks, a large indoor riding arena, pro shops for golf and paddle sports, a fitness complex, the golf course and practice range (non-contributing), outdoor riding rings, stables, and a carriage house. Youth activities include golf, tennis, squash and riding. The clubhouse has three dining rooms, and altogether the club can hold 400 guests. The club currently has 570 members, and a staff consisting of 60 year-round employees and 200 during the height of the season. The stables have a tack room, fifty stalls, and two indoor arenas, and they host the Sleepy Hollow Stable and Riding Academy. The club's gross revenue is $12 million; of it, $2.5 million is from food and beverage sales. The club property surrounds Saint Mary's Episcopal Church on three sides and slopes upwards east from U.S. Route 9. The clubhouse, which is open through every season of the year, sits on a wide central plateau. Notable early members included George G. Haven, V. Everit Macy, George W. Perkins, Moses Taylor, Oakleigh Thorne, and Frank Vanderlip; notable current members include Bill Murray, James Patterson, and several members of the Rockefeller family.

Golfing at the club, c. 1920

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossgar

Crossgar

People

Crossgar / People

English: Plaque to Sir James Martin, Crossgar Credit: A Peter Clarke image

Crossgar is a village and townland in County Down, Northern Ireland. It is about 15 miles south of Belfast – between Saintfield and Downpatrick. Crossgar had a population 1,892 people in the 2011 UK Census.

The James Martin Memorial Stone is located in the Square in Crossgar and is maintained by Down District Council. Sir James Martin, who hailed from the nearby townland of "Killinchy-in-the-Woods", was born on 11 September 1893, and died on 5 January 1981, was awarded for services to Engineering an OBE in 1950 and a CBE in 1957. He is famous as the inventor of the ejector seat for aircraft. He was also co-founder of the Martin-Baker Aircraft Company. A 3-foot-high (0.91 m) stone has been erected in his memory. Andrew Waterworth grandson of former Glentoran defender and captain Noel McCarthy played for Hamilton Academical Football Club in the SPL but now plays for Linfield Football Club is from Crossgar. Leader of the Traditional Unionist Voice (TUV) party and former senior barrister, Jim Allister was born in Crossgar in 1953. Dermot Nesbitt, the former NI Environment Minister and a UUP MLA, has lived in Crossgar for most of his life.

Plaque to Sir James Martin, inventor

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_budget

United States federal budget

Relationship of deficit and debt

United States federal budget / Understanding deficits and debt / Relationship of deficit and debt

English: U.S. Total Deficits vs. National Debt Increases 2001-2010 Source data The source data for the file is the CBO Historical tables (deficits) and U.S. Treasury Direct (debt). For 2015, the deficit data is from the CBO Monthly Budget Review. CBO Historical Tables U.S. Treasury Direct

The United States federal budget comprises the spending and revenues of the U.S. federal government. The budget is the financial representation of the priorities of the government, reflecting historical debates and competing economic philosophies. The government primarily spends on healthcare, retirement, and defense programs. The non-partisan Congressional Budget Office provides extensive analysis of the budget and its economic effects. It has reported that large budget deficits over the next 30 years are projected to drive federal debt held by the public to unprecedented levels—from 78 percent of gross domestic product in 2019 to 144 percent by 2049. The United States has the largest external debt in the world and the 14th largest government debt as % of GDP in the world. The annual budget deficit increased from $585 billion in 2016 to $984 billion in 2019, up 68%. Relative to a CBO forecast prior to President Trump's inauguration, the budget deficits for 2019-2021 roughly doubled, due to the Trump tax cuts and other spending legislation.

Intuitively, the annual budget deficit should represent the amount added to the national debt. However, there are certain types of spending ("supplemental appropriations") outside the budget process which are not captured in the deficit computation, which also add to the national debt. Prior to 2009, spending for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan was often funded through special appropriations excluded from the budget deficit calculation. In FY2010 and prior, the budget deficit and annual change in the national debt were significantly different. For example, the U.S. added $1 trillion to the national debt in FY2008 but reported a deficit of $455 billion. Due to rules changes implemented under President Obama in 2009, the two figures have moved closer together and were nearly identical in 2013 (a CBO-reported deficit of $680 billion versus change in debt of $672 billion). For FY2014, the difference widened again, with the CBO reporting a deficit of $483 billion compared to a change in total debt outstanding of $1,086 billion.

Deficit and Debt Increases 2001–2016.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garnet

Garnet

Grossular

Garnet / Garnet group end member species / Ugrandite group – calcium in X site / Grossular

English: Grossular garnet from Quebec, collected by Dr John Hunter in the 18th century, Hunterian Museum, Glasgow

Garnets are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives. All species of garnets possess similar physical properties and crystal forms, but differ in chemical composition. The different species are pyrope, almandine, spessartine, grossular, uvarovite and andradite. The garnets make up two solid solution series: pyrope-almandine-spessartine and uvarovite-grossular-andradite.

Grossular is a calcium-aluminium garnet with the formula Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃, though the calcium may in part be replaced by ferrous iron and the aluminium by ferric iron. The name grossular is derived from the botanical name for the gooseberry, grossularia, in reference to the green garnet of this composition that is found in Siberia. Other shades include cinnamon brown (cinnamon stone variety), red, and yellow. Because of its inferior hardness to zircon, which the yellow crystals resemble, they have also been called hessonite from the Greek meaning inferior. Grossular is found in skarns, contact metamorphosed limestones with vesuvianite, diopside, wollastonite and wernerite. Grossular garnet from Kenya and Tanzania has been called tsavorite. Tsavorite was first described in the 1960s in the Tsavo area of Kenya, from which the gem takes its name.

Grossular garnet from Quebec, collected by Dr John Hunter in the 18th century, Hunterian Museum, Glasgow

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana

Louisiana

Demographics

Louisiana / Demographics

English: en:Category:U.S. State Population Maps en:Category:Louisiana maps Louisiana state population density map based on Census 2010 data. See the data lineage for a process description.

Louisiana is a state in the Deep South region of the South Central United States. It is the 19th-smallest by area and the 25th most populous of the 50 U.S. states. Louisiana is bordered by the state of Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. A large part of its eastern boundary is demarcated by the Mississippi River. Louisiana is the only U.S. state with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are equivalent to counties. The state's capital is Baton Rouge, and its largest city is New Orleans. Much of the state's lands were formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp. These contain a rich southern biota; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets. There are also many species of tree frogs, and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. In more elevated areas, fire is a natural process in the landscape and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas. These support an exceptionally large number of plant species, including many species of terrestrial orchids and carnivorous plants.

The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Louisiana was 4,648,794 on July 1, 2019, a 2.55% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The population density of the state is 104.9 people per square mile. The center of population of Louisiana is located in Pointe Coupee Parish, in the city of New Roads. According to the 2010 United States Census, 5.4% of the population age 5 and older spoke Spanish at home, up from 3.5% in 2000; and 4.5% spoke French (including Louisiana French and Louisiana Creole), down from 4.8% in 2000.

Louisiana's population density

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Chadie

Steve Chadie

Pedernales (1995–2012)

Steve Chadie / Pedernales (1995–2012)

English: Willie Nelson and Steve Chadie, the audio engineer that has worked on all of Willie's albums in the last 25 years.

Steve Chadie is an audio engineer who has worked extensively with Willie Nelson. His recordings with Willie include vocals and guitar on “Last Man Standing”, “My Way”, “God’s Problem Child”, “Willie Nelson and The Boys”, and “Summertime-Willie Nelson sings Gershwin”. Other credits with Willie include tracking engineer on "Heroes”, "Let's Face The Music And Dance”, “Django And Jimmie” and mixing on "December Day", a collection of work he recorded with Willie and his sister Bobbie in between touring on impromptu sessions that date as far back as 2004. Steve has been awarded a double platinum record for Los Lonely Boys "Heaven" and was nominated for a grammy for the song "Heaven", as well. He has recorded and/or mixed five Los Lonely Boys records since their debut release. Other awards include a triple platinum record for work done on Sublime's "Sublime" and a platinum record for work on Hilary Duff's self titled recording "Hilary Duff", In addition he has been awarded a gold record for work done on Kenny Wayne Shepherd's "Live On" CD.

He stayed on at Pedernales until the doors closed commercially in 2012. He still records Willie Nelson at the facility, however, including vocals and guitar on “Last Man Standing”, “My Way” (for which he received a Grammy for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album), “God’s Problem Child”, “Willie Nelson and The Boys”, and “Summertime -Willie Nelson sings Gershwin”.

Steve Chadie and Wille Nelson

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenylla

Xenylla

Xenylla

English: Probably Xenylla littoralis Original description on Flickr: When I was staying in Montagu on the NE coast of Tasmania, these Collembola were very common but interestingly, only just below the high tide mark, as was another species that I'll post up tomorrow. Within a few centimetres above this line, they disappeared and I couldn't find them, even with repeated searching. A lot of springtails seem well adapted to extreme conditions, these ones mainly under rocks, perhaps where air pockets could be trapped when the tide came in. The more I watch these animals, the more I'm impressed by how they can live in conditions unfit for most other things. They grazed on the algae you can see in the main photo, living in communal piles of up to fifty individuals that I saw. The ID comes from P. Greenslade.

Xenylla is a genus of springtails and allies in the family Hypogastruridae. There are at least 120 described species in Xenylla.

Xenylla is a genus of springtails and allies in the family Hypogastruridae. There are at least 120 described species in Xenylla.

Xenylla littoralis, northeast coast of Tasmania

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilde_Zimmermann

Hilde Zimmermann

World War II

Hilde Zimmermann / World War II

English: Concentration Camp Ravensbrück Memorial Site - Prisoner labor station on the area of the former womens camp. Deutsch: Mahn- und Gedenkstätte KZ Ravensbrück - Baracken auf dem Gelände des ehemaligen Frauenlagers

Hilde Zimmermann, was a member of the Austrian Resistance. Arrested for her efforts to fight fascism, she was deported with her mother and childhood friend by Nazi officials to the Ravensbrück concentration camp in Germany; she then went on to survive both her imprisonment there and a death march. According to the Österreichische Lagergemeinschaft Ravensbrück & FreundInnen, an organization which she co-founded, "She saw herself as a 'persecuted person', not as a 'victim' and considered it an obligation to report on the Nazis and the concentration camp prison in Ravensbrück especially [to] young people."

Sometime after the Anschluss, Hilde Zimmermann's brother joined the Wehrmacht. Meanwhile, she became an even more active member of the Austrian Resistance. By 1944, she was involved with a cell which was partnering with Russian paratroopers who had been sent from Moscow to help expand local anti-Nazi efforts, including hiding and transporting other members of the resistance. That same year, while she and her friend Pauline ("Pauli") Hochmeister were helping to hide Sepp Zettler, a member of the communist resistance, she was betrayed by someone in the community, and arrested, along with her friend and their respective mothers, Anna Wundsam and Gisela Hochmeister. The four were then deported to the Ravensbrück concentration camp. Her brother, Othmar, who had been home on leave from the military, was separated from his family, and sent to the Buchenwald concentration camp. According to historian Elissa Mailänder, when Zimmermann was interviewed later about her experiences, she recalled that "the female guards at Ravensbrück ... used violence as a means of impressing their male colleagues." She survived her imprisonment at the camp and a death march.

The former women's concentration camp in Ravensbrück, in 2005.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellcamp,_Queensland

Wellcamp, Queensland

Airport

Wellcamp, Queensland / Airport

English: Photograph of the interior of the terminal building at Brisbane West Wellcamp Airport near Toowoomba, Queensland. Photo depicts the QantasLink check in counter, a café and the sole prototype of the Southern Cross Aviation SC-1 aircraft.

Wellcamp is a rural locality in Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia, located 16 kilometres west of the city centre. At the 2016 census, Wellcamp recorded a population of 295.

There is an airport located within Wellcamp to service Toowoomba and the surrounding districts, known officially as Toowoomba Wellcamp Airport.

Terminal at Toowoomba Wellcamp airport

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_purification

Protein purification

Immunoaffinity chromatography

Protein purification / Purification strategies / Affinity chromatography / Immunoaffinity chromatography

English: View of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system (early 1990's).

Protein purification is a series of processes intended to isolate one or a few proteins from a complex mixture, usually cells, tissues or whole organisms. Protein purification is vital for the characterization of the function, structure and interactions of the protein of interest. The purification process may separate the protein and non-protein parts of the mixture, and finally separate the desired protein from all other proteins. Separation of one protein from all others is typically the most laborious aspect of protein purification. Separation steps usually exploit differences in protein size, physico-chemical properties, binding affinity and biological activity. The pure result may be termed protein isolate.

Immunoaffinity chromatography uses the specific binding of an antibody-antigen to selectively purify the target protein. The procedure involves immobilizing a protein to a solid substrate (e.g. a porous bead or a membrane), which then selectively binds the target, while everything else flows through. The target protein can be eluted by changing the pH or the salinity. The immobilized ligand can be an antibody (such as Immunoglobulin G) or it can be a protein (such as Protein A). Because this method does not involve engineering in a tag, it can be used for proteins from natural sources.

An HPLC. From left to right: A pumping device generating a gradient of two different solvents, a steel enforced column and an apparatus for measuring the absorbance.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coton_Clanford

Coton Clanford

Coton Clanford

English: Clanford Hall is a Tudor style mansion in Coton Clanford, Staffordshire, England. It is now used as a farm house. This is a photo of listed building number 1258088.

Coton Clanford is a small dispersed Staffordshire village lying in gently rolling countryside 3 miles due west of Stafford, England and 1 mile southeast of Seighford. The name of the village is sometimes hyphenated to Coton-Clanford, appearing this way on some cottage names locally. The population for this village as taken at the 2011 census can be found under Seighford. It lies midway between the B5405 road, 1½ miles to the north and the A518 1½ miles to the south. The village has no shops, public houses or church, comprising only a few scattered houses and cottages, several dairy farms and a long disused 19th century chapel. This Primitive Methodist chapel was built in 1884, the foundation stone being laid 30 October 1884. The Chapel records 1891–1907, Coton Clanford Society and Methodist chapel minute books, 1903-1929, are stored at Stafford Record Office. Judging from the very modest dimensions of this small building it is hard to imagine it having the capacity for a congregation of more than 30 worshippers.

Coton Clanford is a small dispersed Staffordshire village lying in gently rolling countryside 3 miles due west of Stafford, England and 1 mile southeast of Seighford. The name of the village is sometimes hyphenated to Coton-Clanford, appearing this way on some cottage names locally. The population for this village as taken at the 2011 census can be found under Seighford. It lies midway between the B5405 road, 1½ miles to the north and the A518 1½ miles to the south. The village has no shops, public houses or church, comprising only a few scattered houses and cottages, several dairy farms and a long disused 19th century chapel. This Primitive Methodist chapel was built in 1884, the foundation stone being laid 30 October 1884. The Chapel records 1891–1907, Coton Clanford Society and Methodist chapel minute books, 1903-1929, are stored at Stafford Record Office. Judging from the very modest dimensions of this small building it is hard to imagine it having the capacity for a congregation of more than 30 worshippers. The village straddles Clanford Brook, which meanders southeastwards from Ranton towards Little Aston and Doxey and is bounded to the north by the southeastern edge of Seighford airfield and several large woods. In this village the English philosopher and cleric, William Wollaston, was born in 1659.

Clanford Hall, May 2008

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_on_the_Isle_of_Wight

Transport on the Isle of Wight

Transport on the Isle of Wight

English: A diagram of public transport for the Isle of Wight, showing the situation in September 2010.

The Island Line is the one railway left on the island. It runs some 8½ miles from Ryde Pier Head to Shanklin, down the eastern side of the island via Brading and Sandown. It was opened by the Isle of Wight Railway in 1864, and was nationalised in 1948, falling under the Southern Region of British Railways. It was transferred to Network SouthEast in 1982, as part of the sectorisation of British Rail, who operated it under the Ryde Rail brand. After the privatisation of British Rail, it was run by Island Line Trains between 1996 and 2007, the smallest train operating company on the National Rail network. Services are now provided by South Western Railway, using electric trains which are converted London Underground rolling stock. These trains date from 1938, making them the oldest trains in regular passenger service anywhere in the UK. The island also has a steam-operated heritage railway, the Isle of Wight Steam Railway. This connects with the Island Line at Smallbrook Junction, and was part of the former Ryde to Newport line.

Public Transport Map, from September 2010

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mol,_Belgium

Mol, Belgium

Places of interest

Mol, Belgium / Places of interest

This is a photo of onroerend erfgoed number 52689

Mol is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp. The municipality only comprises the town of Mol. On January 1, 2014 Mol had a total population of 35,395 inhabitants. The total area is 114.19 km² which gives a population density of 307 inhabitants per km². Mol is a popular holiday resort, with many lakes surrounded by woods. There are two main tourist lakes: Zilvermeer, which opened as a Provincial Park in 1959 and offers a white sand beach as well as facilities such as an outdoor playground and an underwater museum for divers. Zilverstrand: Originally, it had only an outdoor lake with a white sand beach. Later, a caravan park was built and mid-1990s an indoor swimming pool was created. Furthermore, there is a Sun Parks holiday centre called "Kempense Meren" with an indoor swimming pool. The museum of Jakob Smits is located in the former vicarage of Mol-Sluis. This displays works of the artist Jakob Smits and other painters of the Molse School, who were attracted to the area by its rustic views including several windmills. In the north-east corner of Mol, near the Dutch border, lies the Norbertine Postel Abbey.

Monument for the victims of the World War I

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theater_am_Hechtplatz

Theater am Hechtplatz

Zürcher Märchenbühne

Theater am Hechtplatz / Zürcher Märchenbühne

Theater am Hechtplatz respectively Zürcher Märchenbühne, Limmatquai in Zürich (Switzerland)

The Theater am Hechtplatz is a theatre in the German-speaking Switzerland situated at Limmatquai in Zürich. Founded in 1959 as a Cabaret, it's owned and provided by the government of the city of Zürich.

As well as the Bernhard-Theater in 1961/63, it also houses the Zürcher Märchenbühne which annually produces a fairy tale for children during the winter months, starring among others Vincenzo Biagi, Paul Bühlmann, Inigo Gallo, Walter Andreas Müller, Bella Neri, Margrit Rainer, Jörg Schneider, Peter W. Staub, Schaggi Streuli, Ines Torelli, Erich Vock and Ruedi Walter.

Zürcher Märchenbühne

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambri%C3%A8res

Ambrières

Ambrières

Français : Église de l'Assomption d'Ambrières (Classé) This building is indexed in the Base Mérimée, a database of architectural heritage maintained by the French Ministry of Culture, under the reference PA00078567 . беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎ | বাংলা | brezhoneg | català | Deutsch | Ελληνικά | English | Esperanto | español | euskara | suomi | français | magyar | italiano | 日本語 | македонски | Nederlands | português | português do Brasil | română | русский | sicilianu | svenska | українська | +/−

The church in Ambrières

Ambrières is a commune in the Marne department in northeastern France.

Ambrières is a commune in the Marne department in northeastern France.

The church in Ambrières

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harnett_County,_North_Carolina

Harnett County, North Carolina

Communities

Harnett County, North Carolina / Communities

Map of Harnett County, North Carolina, United States with township and municipal boundaries

Harnett County is a county located in the U.S. state of North Carolina. As of the 2010 census, the population was 114,678. Its county seat is Lillington, and its largest city is Dunn. Harnett County comprises the Dunn, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, which is a part of the greater Raleigh–Durham–Chapel Hill, NC Combined Statistical Area, which had a 2018 estimated population of 2,037,430.

Map of Harnett County, North Carolina With Municipal and Township Labels

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Map_of_Harnett_County_North_Carolina_With_Municipal_and_Township_Labels.PNG

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beden_Brook

Beden Brook

Beden Brook

English: Beden Brook map

Beden Brook, also Bedens Brook, Beden's Brook, or Beeden's Brook, is a tributary of the Millstone River in central New Jersey in the United States.

Beden Brook, also Bedens Brook, Beden's Brook, or Beeden's Brook, is a tributary of the Millstone River in central New Jersey in the United States.

Map of Beden Brook

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oldest_synagogues

List of oldest synagogues

List of oldest synagogues

Die Alte Synagoge in der Waagegasse - Erfurt, Thüringen, Deutschland.

Synagogues may be considered "oldest" based on different criteria. Many very old synagogues have been discovered in archaeological digs. Some synagogues have been destroyed and rebuilt several times on the same site, so while the site or congregation may be ancient, the building may be modern. Still other very old synagogue buildings exist, but have been used for many centuries as churches, mosques, or for other purposes. Some very old synagogues have been in continuous use as synagogues for many centuries.

Synagogues may be considered "oldest" based on different criteria. Many very old synagogues have been discovered in archaeological digs. Some synagogues have been destroyed and rebuilt several times on the same site, so while the site or congregation may be ancient, the building may be modern. Still other very old synagogue buildings exist, but have been used for many centuries as churches, mosques, or for other purposes. Some very old synagogues have been in continuous use as synagogues for many centuries.

The Old Synagogue in Erfurt, Germany, portions of which date from c.1100

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Page

Fred Page

International hockey

Fred Page / International hockey

English: View from the High Gloriette at the peninsula, municipality Poertschach on the Lake Woerth, district Klagenfurt Land, Carinthia / Austria / EU Deutsch: Blick von der Hohen Gloriette auf die Halbinsel, Gemeinde Pörtschach am Wörthersee, Bezirk Klagenfurt Land, Kärnten / Österreich / EU

Pörtschach am Wörthersee, Austria

Frederick Page was a Canadian ice hockey administrator, ice hockey referee, and businessman. He originated from Port Arthur, Ontario, where he played junior ice hockey, refereed locally and later at the Memorial Cup and Allan Cup competitions. He was a league executive in Fort William, then served as president of the Thunder Bay Amateur Hockey Association from 1958 to 1962. He was elected second vice president of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association in 1962, and rose up the ranks to be its president from 1966 to 1968. Page wanted the CAHA to gain more control over its affairs, and become less dependent on the National Hockey League. Under his leadership, the NHL ended direct sponsorship of junior hockey teams. He was instrumental in negotiating the revised agreement for the NHL Amateur Draft in 1967, and later served as co-chairman of the resulting joint player development committee. Page served as vice-president of the International Ice Hockey Federation from 1966 to 1972, where he helped organize the Ice Hockey World Championships, and served as a director of ice hockey at the Olympic Games.

Page attended the 1966 summer congress of the IIHF in Pörtschach am Wörthersee, Austria, and was elected second vice-president of the IIHF for a three-year term. He was later elected for a three-year term first-vice president of the IIHF, at the 1969 summer congress in Crans-Montana, Switzerland. As the IIHF vice-president, he oversaw its North American membership. During this time he helped set up leadership clinics, and was also a director-at-large for the CAHA to keep them informed of international matters. He continued to assist facilitating teams who wished to travel between North America and Europe, helped organize the Ice Hockey World Championships, and served as a director at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, and the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo. For the planned 1970 World Ice Hockey Championships in Canada, Page stated that the deadline to enter was extended by a week, to allow the Soviets to decide whether they will attend due to disagreements on the proposed schedule. He confirmed that if the Soviets did not play, the United States would take their place in Pool A. He also said that Sweden was protesting since Canada withdrew from the annual Ahearne Cup hosted in Sweden, when Canada received poor press coverage in Sweden. In December 1969, Brundage declared that any country playing against professionals from Canada would be ineligible for the 1972 Winter Olympics. Page didn't understand the fuss caused by Brundage's statement, and further stated that Canada had played exhibition games using professionals against other countries without any opposition raised by Brundage. Page attempted to work out a compromise by suggesting that Canada host an exhibition tournament instead of an official World Championship, and attended an emergency meeting of the IIHF to discuss the Olympic eligibility concerns along with Gordon Juckes and Dawson from the CAHA. The IIHF ultimately decided against allowing professionals at the 1970 World Ice Hockey Championships, with Ahearne casting a tie-breaking vote against it. On January 20, 1970, Canada withdrew from international play and resigned hosting duties of the 1970 World Ice Hockey Championships. Page requested a special meeting with the IIHF in February to discuss the issue, attended by Harold Wright of the Canadian Olympic Association, but the meeting did not result in any progress on the matter. In May 1971, Canada began to renegotiate a return to international hockey tournaments. Page said that Europeans had suggested a Christmas tournament with the senior ice hockey champions from Canada and the United States, playing against the Ahearne Cup champions. In February 1972, he stated the possibility of Canada and the Soviet Union playing each other using professionals by May 1972, but admitted there were difficulties in negotiation. He expected talks to continue during the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo. He had begun negotiating with Anatoly Tarasov in 1971, but both sides played the waiting game for a year. Page stated that negotiating hockey agreements in Canada was increasingly difficult, due to the complexity of the CAHA, Hockey Canada, and the NHL. Canada and the Soviet Union agreed to play eight games against each other using their best players available including professionals, which later became known as the 1972 Summit Series. Page was one of the four signatories who approved the agreement on April 18, 1972 at the Hotel International Prague, giving his approval as vice-president of the IIHF. It was also signed by Joe Kryczka as president of the CAHA, Andrey Starovoytov as the general secretary of the Soviet Union Ice Hockey Federation, and Ahearne as the president of the IIHF. Alan Eagleson was the first Canadian to phone the press and take credit for the event, but Page said that Eagleson was never invited to the Canada-Soviet series negotiations. Page attended the 1972 IIHF summer congress was held in Mamaia, Romania. He was nominated to replace Ahearne as president, and was expected by the CAHA to be acclaimed since the president's position had alternated

Page was elected to his first of two terms as IIHF vice-president, while attending the IIHF congress at Pörtschach am Wörthersee (pictured) in Austria.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieuan_Rhys

Ieuan Rhys

Ieuan Rhys

English: Head shot of actor Ieuan Rhys

Ieuan Rhys is a Welsh actor. His television work has included thirteen years in the BBC Cymru soap opera Pobol y Cwm, Seargent Tom Swann in the last series of A Mind to Kill and six series of the Welsh-language version of Mr & Mrs – Sion a Sian for HTV. For the last four series he portrayed Eurig Bell, the "not to be messed with" Deputy Headmaster in S4C's Gwaith/Cartref.

Ieuan Rhys (24 December 1961) is a Welsh actor. His television work has included thirteen years in the BBC Cymru soap opera Pobol y Cwm, Seargent Tom Swann in the last series of A Mind to Kill (for Fiction Factory/Channel 5) and six series of the Welsh-language version of Mr & Mrs – Sion a Sian for HTV. For the last four series he portrayed Eurig Bell, the "not to be messed with" Deputy Headmaster in S4C's Gwaith/Cartref.

Rhys in 2009

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Ieuan_Head_Shots_2009_116_%282%29.jpg

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizier_Anthelme_Philippe

Nizier Anthelme Philippe

Nizier Anthelme Philippe

English: Nizier Anthelme Philippe (Maître Philippe de Lyon) 1849-1905

Anthelme Nizier Philippe was a reputed healer and miracle worker.

Anthelme Nizier Philippe (25 April 1849, Le Rubathier, Loisieux, Savoy, France – 2 August 1905, L'Arbresle, Rhône, France) was a reputed healer and miracle worker.

Nizier Anthelme Philippe (Maître Philippe de Lyon) 1849-1905

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicoverpa_zea

Helicoverpa zea

Economic impact

Helicoverpa zea / Economic impact

English: Title: Bulletin Identifier: bulletin4951190405unit (find matches) Year: 1904 (1900s) Authors: United States. Bureau of Entomology Subjects: Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology Publisher: Washington : G. P. O. Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: Bui. 50, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agncultu Plate XIII. Text Appearing After Image: Pupal Cells of the Bollworm. Fig. 1, Pupa of the bollworm in its burrow in the soil, somewhat enlarged; fig. 2, plaster of Paris casts of pupal cells, showing variation in depth and direction, natural size (original). Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.

Helicoverpa zea, commonly known as the corn earworm, is a species in the family Noctuidae. The larva of the moth Helicoverpa zea is a major agricultural pest. Since it is polyphagous during the larval stage, the species has been given many different common names, including the cotton bollworm and the tomato fruitworm. It also consumes a wide variety of other crops. The species is widely distributed across the Americas with the exception of northern Canada and Alaska. It has become resistant to many pesticides, but can be controlled with integrated pest management techniques including deep ploughing, trap crops, chemical control using mineral oil, and biological controls. The species migrates seasonally, at night, and can be carried downwind up to 400 km. Pupae can make use of diapause to wait out adverse environmental conditions, especially at high latitudes and in drought.

1) Pupa in its burrow in the soil; 2) Casts of pupal cells, showing variation in depth and direction

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winecoff_Hotel_fire

Winecoff Hotel fire

Casualties

Winecoff Hotel fire / Casualties

English: Daisy McCumber falls after leaping from a window to escape the Winecoff Hotel fire. This photograph won the 1947 Pulitzer Prize for Photography.

The Winecoff Hotel fire of December 7, 1946, was the deadliest hotel fire in United States history, killing 119 hotel occupants, including the hotel's original owners. Located at 176 Peachtree Street in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, United States, the Winecoff Hotel was advertised as "absolutely fireproof". While the hotel's steel structure was indeed protected against the effects of fire, the hotel's interior finishes were combustible, and the building's exit arrangements consisted of a single stairway serving all fifteen floors. All of the hotel's occupants above the fire's origin on the third floor were trapped, and the fire's survivors either were rescued from upper-story windows or jumped into nets held by firemen. The fire was notable for the number of victims who jumped to their deaths. A photograph of one survivor's fall won the 1947 Pulitzer Prize for Photography.

Of the 304 guests in the hotel that night, 119 died, about 65 were injured and about 120 were rescued uninjured. The hotel's original owners, the Winecoffs, who lived in an apartment in the hotel, died in the apartment. Thirty-two deaths were among those who jumped, or who fell while trying to descend ropes made of sheets tied together to reach the ground or too short fire ladders. Among the hotel guests were forty high school students on a State YMCA of Georgia ("Y" Clubs) sponsored trip to Atlanta for a state youth-in-government legislative program, thirty of whom died. The students had mostly been placed two to a room at the back of the hotel next to the alley, where many of the windows had been covered by louvered shutters for privacy. The occupants of the shuttered rooms were killed on every floor above the fifth floor. Between $3 million and $4 million in claims were brought against the hotel's owners, but insurance awards totaled only about $350,000. Among the casualties were: William Fleming Winecoff (age 76), the hotel's builder and namesake. He lived with his wife for 31 years in suite 1011–1012. He was found dead in a nearby hall. Grace Smith Winecoff (age 76), the builder's wife. She died on the sidewalk of Peachtree Street. Patricia Ann Griffin (age 14), daughter of Marvin Griffin and one of 40 delegates of the second Youth Assembly at the Georgia State Capitol who were staying at the Winecoff. She suffocated with another delegate and their chaperone in room 926. Ernest Benedict Weatherly (age 63), former chairman of a federally appointed committee on the beef industry. He jumped to his death from room 1024. Margaret Wilson Nichols (age 30). A onetime Miss Atlanta runner-up and a well-known former box-office girl at the Fox and Paramount in Atlanta, Georgia, she died falling from room 720 to the alley behind the hotel. Elmer Andrew Conzett (age 32), Navy Lieutenant Commander, bomber pilot in World War II Ashley John Burns (age 26), grandson of William J. Burns. He suffocated in room 1416. Borgia McCoy (age 58), mother-in-law of British vice-consul Thomas Bolton. In town to help with her grandchild, she suffocated in room 724. Florance Allen Baggett (age 43), a well-known auctioneer. He was staying in suite 1108-1110-1112 with his first cousins Sarah Baggett Miller (died) and Catherine Baggett McLaughlin (survived). Catherine made it down safely, Sarah fell, and Florance suffocated in the room. Nell Zorn Sims (age 33), president of the Business and Professional Women's Club of Barnesville, Georgia. She climbed out of room 1504, slipped from the cornice and fell 15 stories, landing on the hood of a fire truck and breaking her neck.

One of the fire's victims, Daisy McCumber, falls after jumping from a window. She survived, with serious injuries. This photograph by Arnold Hardy won a 1947 Pulitzer Prize.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Smith_Shortt

Elizabeth Smith Shortt

National Council of Women

Elizabeth Smith Shortt / Career / National Council of Women

English: Elizabeth Smith Shortt and husband Adam Shortt standing on the front steps of a home.

Elizabeth Smith Shortt was one of the first three women to earn a medical degree in Canada. She was one of the women medical students expelled from Queen's University, Ontario following a hostile backlash from male staff and students at the presence of women in the medical school. Shortt went on to complete her studies at a newly established women's college and practised medicine in Hamilton, Ontario. She was a long-serving and active member of the National Council of Women of Canada and spearheaded a number of public health and women's welfare initiatives.

Shortt was a highly active member of the National Council of Women of Canada, as well as the local and provincial councils. Throughout her time of being a member of these councils she worked, wrote and spoke about issues dealing with housing, inspection of markets, fly control, PXS pasteurization of milk, care of mentally deficient, child welfare, and mother’s pension. In 1911, she became the first Convener of the Public Health and Mental Hygiene Committee of the National Council of Women, which worked to combat mental health disorders. She was also Convener of the Committee on Immigration of the National Council of Women, which was active in organizing a hostel for female immigrants in Ottawa. In 1913, after a year's study, Shortt wrote a report on behalf of the National Council of Women about the necessity of establishing mothers' allowances. This report petitioned for welfare to be given to mothers in need, ranging from widows to mothers whose husbands were unable to provide, provided there were at least two or more children in the family that were 16 years old or younger, and requiring that those between 14–16 years old were in school (with the exception of qualifying children above 16 if they are also incapacitated). This petition went on to become an official act passed through legislation and became known as the Mothers' Allowance Act. Shortt also drew attention to issues surrounding the stigma of tuberculosis in the 1900s, calling it a social issue. She mentioned the topics of alcoholism, the meat and dairy supply, hereditary causes, immigration, industrial conditions and the necessity of good conditions for mothers in relation to the epidemic and how it was being handled by the public and governments. Shortt suggested that movements needed to be made in these areas in order to prevent the spread of tuberculosis and help those who already had it, rather than stigmatizing the disease. Her pamphlet The Social Aspects of Tuberculosis aided in the eventual founding of the Canadian Tuberculosis Society. Shortt wrote a memorandum outlining the outbreaks of milk borne typhoid and the regulations that were put in place, in Ottawa and elsewhere, as a result. This memorandum explains the process of pasteurizing milk to kill unhealthy bacteria to non-certified milk and reports the process of inspectors sampling milk to be tested in a laboratory. In 1914, she became the vice president of the Provincial Council of Women. In 1919, Shortt was given Life Patronship in the National Council of Women in recognition of the admiration and esteem of the Ottawa Local Council of Women. She had been the President of this council since 1911.

Elizabeth Smith Shortt and husband Adam Shortt, 1914

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election

United States presidential election

Nominating process

United States presidential election / Procedure / Nominating process

A snapshot of the home of the circus, as well as Ringling Bros.

The election of the president and the vice president of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the fifty U.S. states or in Washington, D.C., cast ballots not directly for those offices, but instead for members of the Electoral College. These electors then cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for president, and for vice president. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes is then elected to that office. If no candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes for president, the House of Representatives chooses the most qualifying candidate for the presidency; if no one receives an absolute majority of the votes for vice president, then the Senate elects the vice president. The Electoral College and its procedure are established in the U.S. Constitution by Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2 and 4; and the Twelfth Amendment. Under Clause 2, each state casts as many electoral votes as the total number of its Senators and Representatives in Congress, while Washington, D.C., casts the same number of electoral votes as the least-represented state, which is three.

The modern nominating process of U.S. presidential elections consists of two major parts: a series of presidential primary elections and caucuses held in each state, and the presidential nominating conventions held by each political party. This process was never included in the Constitution, and thus evolved over time by the political parties to clear the field of candidates. The primary elections are run by state and local governments, while the caucuses are organized directly by the political parties. Some states hold only primary elections, some hold only caucuses, and others use a combination of both. These primaries and caucuses are staggered generally between January and June before the federal election, with Iowa and New Hampshire traditionally holding the first presidential state caucus and primary, respectively. Like the general election, presidential caucuses or primaries are indirect elections. The major political parties officially vote for their presidential candidate at their respective nominating conventions, usually all held in the summer before the federal election. Depending on each state's law and state's political party rules, when voters cast ballots for a candidate in a presidential caucus or primary, they may be voting to award delegates "bound" to vote for a candidate at the presidential nominating conventions, or they may simply be expressing an opinion that the state party is not bound to follow in selecting delegates to their respective national convention. Unlike the general election, voters in the U.S. territories can also elect delegates to the national conventions. Furthermore, each political party can determine how many delegates to allocate to each state and territory. In 2012 for example, the Democratic and Republican party conventions each used two different formulas to allocate delegates. The Democrats-based theirs on two main factors: the proportion of votes each state gave to the Democratic candidate in the previous three presidential elections, and the number of electoral votes each state had in the Electoral College. In contrast, the Republicans assigned to each state 10 delegates, plus three delegates per congressional district. Both parties then gave a fixed number of delegates to each territory, and finally bonus delegates to states and territories that passed certain criteria. Along with delegates chosen during primaries and caucuses, state and U.S. territory delegations to both the Democratic and Republican party conventions also include "unpledged" delegates who have a vote. For Republicans, they consist of the three top party officials from each state and territory. Democrats have a more expansive group of unpledged delegates called "superdelegates", who are party leaders and elected officials. Each party's presidential candidate also chooses a vice presidential nominee to run with him or her on the same ticket, and this choice is rubber-stamped by the convention. If no single candidate has secured a majority of delegates (including both pledged and unpledged), then a "brokered convention" results. All pledged delegates are then "released" and can switch their allegiance to a different candidate. Thereafter, the nomination is decided through a process of alternating political horse trading, and additional rounds of re-votes. The conventions have historically been held inside convention centers, but since the late 20th century both the Democratic and Republican parties have favored sports arenas and domed stadiums to accommodate the increasing attendance.

Madison Square Garden in New York City, the site of the 1976, 1980, and 1992 Democratic National Conventions; and the 2004 Republican National Convention.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Merchant_Marine

History of the United States Merchant Marine

The 1910s

History of the United States Merchant Marine / History / The early 20th century / The 1910s

The maritime history of the United States is a broad theme within the history of the United States. As an academic subject, it crosses the boundaries of standard disciplines, focusing on understanding the United States' relationship with the oceans, seas, and major waterways of the globe. The focus is on merchant shipping, and the financing and manning of the ships. A merchant marine owned at home is not essential to an extensive foreign commerce. In fact, it may be cheaper to hire other nations to handle the carrying trade than to participate in it directly. On the other hand, there are certain advantages, particularly during time of war, which may warrant an aggressive government encouragement to the maintenance of a merchant marine.

During this period, Andrew Furuseth successfully pushed for legislative reforms that eventually became the Seamen's Act. During World War I there was a shipping boom and ISU's membership included more than 115,000 dues-paying members. However, when the boom ended, the ISU's membership shrunk to 50,000. . In 1915, the Seamen's Act of 1915 became law. The act fundamentally changed the life of the American sailor. Among other things, it: abolished the practice of imprisonment for seamen who deserted their ship reduced the penalties for disobedience regulated a seaman's working hours both at sea and in port established a minimum quality for ship's food regulated the payment of seamen's wages required specific levels of safety, particularly the provision of lifeboats required a minimum percentage of the seamen aboard a vessel to be qualified Able Seamen required a minimum of 75 percent of the seamen aboard a vessel to understand the language spoken by the officers Laws like the Seaman's Act put U.S.-flagged vessels at an economic disadvantage against countries lacking such safeguards. By moving their ships to the Panamanian flag of convenience, owners could avoid providing these protections. The Belen Quezada, the first foreign ship flagged in the Panamanian registry, was employed in running illegal alcohol between Canada and the United States during Prohibition. In addition to sidestepping the Seamen's Act, Panamanian-flagged ships in this early period paid sailors on the Japanese wage scale, which was much lower than that of western merchant powers. President Woodrow Wilson signed into law the act to create the United States Coast Guard on January 28, 1915. This Act effectively combined the Revenue Cutter Service with the Lifesaving Service and formed the new United States Coast Guard. Gradually the Coast Guard would grow to incorporate the United States Lighthouse Service in 1939 and the Navigation and Steamboat Inspection Service in 1942.

Andrew Furuseth (left) with Senator La Follette (center), and muckraker Lincoln Steffens, c. 1915

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latschur

Latschur

Geography

Latschur / Geography

View to the Latschurgruppe from Northeast

Latschur, at 2,236 m, is the highest mountain of the Latschur Group in the Gailtal Alps range, in the Austrian state of Carinthia.

The Latschur group stretches south and east of the Drava valley, from Weissensee lake to the river bend at Sachsenburg and the Goldeck peak near Spittal an der Drau. It is the geological continuation of the Kreuzeck group in the Hohe Tauern range north of the Drava, made up of crystalline primary rocks unlike the neighbouring ranges of the Southern Limestone Alps. Mt. Latschur itself is a very prominent peak and a large, rounded grass mountain fairly easy to climb, although it can get crowded in the summer due to its popularity with hikers. The densely forested environment is home to endangered animal species like the griffon vulture and even brown bears have been sighted. Ski touring is a popular pastime during the winter.

Goldeck and Latschur summits, view from northeast

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Latschurgruppe_from_NE.JPG

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Suyderhoef

Jonas Suyderhoef

Jonas Suyderhoef

Engraving by Jonas Suyderhoef.

Jonas Suyderhoef, was a Dutch Golden Age engraver.

Jonas Suyderhoef (1613 in Haarlem – 1686 in Haarlem), was a Dutch Golden Age engraver.

Engraved portrait of Anna Maria van Schurman after her portrait by Jan Lievens.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_M1921

Spanish M1921

Spanish M1921

English: Spanish M21 liner

The M1921 Helmet, is a steel combat helmet developed alongside the M1926 helmet in 1926 for use by the Spanish Army. The model never being formally adopted by the army in favor of the M1926. The exact reasoning for the designation "M1921" is not known as it was developed later.

The M1921 Helmet, (also known as the M21, along with “Sin Ala,” “Without Wing” for its vertical sides) is a steel combat helmet developed alongside the M1926 helmet in 1926 for use by the Spanish Army. The model never being formally adopted by the army in favor of the M1926. The exact reasoning for the designation "M1921" is not known as it was developed later.

M21 Liner, later used by the M26 and M42 helmets.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detrital_zircon_geochronology

Detrital zircon geochronology

Using difference between detrital zircons crystallisation ages and their corresponding maximum depositional age

Detrital zircon geochronology / Application of detrital zircon ages / Tectonic studies / Using difference between detrital zircons crystallisation ages and their corresponding maximum depositional age

English: Graph illustrating the generalized zone for cumulative proportional curves of CA-DA in extensional basins

Detrital zircon geochronology is the science of analyzing the age of zircons deposited within a specific sedimentary unit by examining their inherent radioisotopes, most commonly the uranium–lead ratio. The chemical name of zircon is zirconium silicate and its corresponding chemical formula is Zr SiO₄. Zircon is a common accessory or trace mineral constituent of most granite and felsic igneous rocks. Due to its hardness, durability and chemical inertness, zircon persists in sedimentary deposits and is a common constituent of most sands. Zircons contain trace amounts of uranium and thorium and can be dated using several modern analytical techniques. It has become increasingly popular in geological studies from the 2000s mainly due to the advancement in radiometric dating techniques. Detrital zircon age data can be used to constrain the maximum depositional age, determine provenance, and reconstruct the tectonic setting on a regional scale.

Apart from the detrital zircon age abundance, difference between detrital zircons crystallisation ages (CA) and their corresponding maximum depositional age (DA) can be plotted in cumulative distribution function to correlate particular tectonic regime in the past. The effect of different tectonic settings on the difference between CA and DA is illustrated in Figure 7 and summarized in Table. 3.

Fig. 10 – Graph illustrating the generalized zone for cumulative proportional curves of CA-DA in extensional basins. Modified from Cawood et al. (2012)

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teres%C3%B3polis

Teresópolis

Teresópolis

Português: Vista da cidade de Teresópolis da Pedra do Sino

Teresópolis is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in a mountainous region known as Região Serrana. The Serra dos Órgãos National Park lies partly within the city limits. The city is known as the home of the Brazilian national football team, since it hosts CBF's training ground at Granja Comary.

Teresópolis (Portuguese pronunciation: [teɾeˈzɔpolis], [tɛɾeˈzɔpɔliɕ], [tɛɾeˈzɔpuliɕ], [teɾeˈzɔpuliɕ]) is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in a mountainous region known as Região Serrana. The Serra dos Órgãos National Park lies partly within the city limits. The city is known as the home of the Brazilian national football team, since it hosts CBF's training ground at Granja Comary.

Panoramic view of Teresópolis, from Pedra do Sino

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_security

Climate security

Adaptation

Climate security / Adaptation

English: U.S. Army Pacific and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Soldiers along with other support elements, work on erecting a solar shade canopy during the setup of a humanitarian aid and disaster relief event for Rim of the Pacific training exercise at Ford Island, July 7. Besides providing shade and energy, the solar shade reduces the heat signature of the equipment setup underneath it. Twenty-two nations, more than 40 ships and submarines, about 200 aircraft and 25,000 personnel are participating in Exercise RIMPAC from June 26 to Aug. 1 in and around the Hawaiian Islands and Southern California. The world's largest international maritime exercise, RIMPAC provides a unique training opportunity that helps participants foster and sustain the cooperative relationships that are critical to ensuring the safety of sea lanes and security on the world's oceans. RIMPAC 2014 is the 24th exercise in the series that began in 1971. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Kyle J. Richardson, USARPAC PAO)

Climate-related security risks have far-reaching implications for the way the world manages peace and security. Climate security is a concept that summons the idea that climate-related change amplifies existing risks in society that endangers the security of humans, ecosystems, economy, infrastructure and societies. Also climate actions to adapt and mitigate impacts can have a negative effect on human security if mishandled.

Setup of a solar shade canopy for humanitarian aid and disaster relief. The solar shade has the potential to provide enough energy for continuous 24-hour use.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimed_Paradigm

Minimed Paradigm

Description

Minimed Paradigm / Description

English: The long acting insulin is given once (usually glargine [Lantus]) or twice (usually detemir [Levemir]) daily to provide a base, or basal insulin level. Rapid acting (RA) insulin is given before meals and snacks. A similar profile can be provided using an insulin pump (discussed later in this Knol) where rapid acting insulin is given as the basal and premeal bolus insulin.

MiniMed Paradigm is a series of insulin pumps manufactured by Medtronic for patients with diabetes mellitus. The pump operates with a single AAA battery and uses a piston-plunger pump to infuse a programmed amount of insulin into the patient through a length of tubing. The Paradigm uses a one-way wireless radio frequency link to receive blood sugar measurements from select glucose meters. The Paradigm RT series adds the ability to receive data from a mated continuous blood-glucose monitor. Although the pump can use these measurements to assist in calculating a dose of insulin, no actual change in insulin delivery occurs without manual user-intervention. In the United States, the device is regulated by a branch of the Food and Drug Administration.

Insulin pumps are drug delivery devices used to treat patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The Minimed Paradigm REAL-Time and Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) system, which received FDA clearance in 2006, uses tubing and a reservoir with rapid-acting insulin. This "infusion set" is patient-connected via a catheter to the abdomen region. The infusion set can remain in the place for three days while the pump is clip-belt worn. There is a quick-disconnect feature for the tubing. The pump delivers insulin in two modes. In Basal rate mode, the delivery is continuous in small doses similar to a pancreas, for example 0.15 units per hour throughout the day. Basal rates are set to meet individual metabolic rates. In Bolus mode, the delivery is programmed to be a one-time delivery prior to eating or after an unexpected high, for example 18 units spread out to several hours. This type of continuous treatment is in contrast to traditional multiple daily injections (MDI) that use slower-acting insulin. Continuous treatment reduces glucose variability. The Paradigm system consists of two basic parts: an insulin pump and an optional glucose sensor CGM worn for up to 3 days. The disposable sensor is subcutaneously-placed to make glucose measurements in interstitial fluid every 5 minutes and transmit the reading via low power radio frequency (ISM band) to the pump for realtime display. However, insulin therapy may be conducted without CGM and although there is not yet an automated insulin-regulation feedback mechanism between measure and infusion to control the amount and timing of insulin, this is clearly a future objective. So any change in basal or bolus is patient-driven by programming the pump using the Bolus Wizardᵀᴹ. The latest model pumps are the MiniMed Paradigm 522 and 722 which differ in reservoir size, 176 versus 300 units, respectively. In 2007 the FDA approved a pediatric model for patients 7 to 17 years old. The Minimed Paradigm System is composed of the following parts: Insulin pump models 522/722 Glucose sensor kit (CGM) Minilink RF transmitter Infusion set and reservoirs CareLink USB upload device CareLink therapy management software In addition to system parts, there are other necessary parts associated with overall diabetes therapy including a glucose meter for finger stick calibrations and treatment verification, traditional injectors and supplies, ketones test supplies, test strip vials, skin preparation, glucagon supplements, etc. If using OneTouch UltraLink meter, readings are sent wirelessly to the pump. The development history of the Minimed pump goes back to the 1980s. 1983 – 1st Pump MiniMed 502 (Eli Lilly makes synthetic insulin) 1985 – MiniMed 504 Insulin Pump 1992 – Launch Of MiniMed 506 Insulin Pump 1996 – Introduction of MiniMed 507 Pump 1999 – Launch of the Model 507C 1999 – Introduction of MiniMed 508 Insulin Pump 2002 – Inauguration of the MiniMed Paradigm 511 2003 – 1st Wireless MiniMed Paradigm 512/712 (followed by 515/715) 2006 – MiniMed Paradigm REAL-Time 522/722 2010 – MiniMed Paradigm REAL-Time Revel 523/723 The Food and Drug Administration has at least six classifications for the various parts of the Minimed Paradigm System.

Insulin basal bolus profile.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Insulin_basal_bolus.png

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_the_Furies

Master of the Furies

Master of the Furies

Deutsch: Furie. Salzburg(?). um 1610/20. Statuette. Elfenbein

Master of the Furies is the provisional name of an ivory sculptor working in the early 17th century. The name is derived from his characteristic work, showing shouting furies, in the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. All his works are without any signature. The earliest record of his works are found in an inventory of Maria Magdalena of Austria.

Master of the Furies is the provisional name of an ivory sculptor working in the early 17th century. The name is derived from his characteristic work, showing shouting furies, in the Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna. All his works are without any signature. The earliest record of his works are found in an inventory of Maria Magdalena of Austria.

"Furie", circa 1610

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_animals_of_the_Sawtooth_National_Recreation_Area

List of animals of the Sawtooth National Recreation Area

Mammals

List of animals of the Sawtooth National Recreation Area / Mammals

English: Two westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi) in the White Cloud Mountains of Sawtooth National Recreation Area, Idaho

Gray wolves were reintroduced to central Idaho in the 1990s while grizzly bears have been extirpated from the area, and plans to reintroduce them have been abandoned. The Sawtooth National Recreation Area supports habitat for Canada lynx and wolverines, but there have been no recent sightings.

American badger American beaver American marten American pika Bighorn sheep Black bear Bobcat Brown rat Bushy-tailed woodrat Canadian lynx Columbian ground squirrel Common raccoon Cougar Coyote Deer mouse Elk Fisher Golden-mantled ground squirrel Gray wolf (reintroduced) Grizzly bear (extirpated) House mouse Long-tailed weasel Marten Masked shrew Meadow vole Mink Moose Mountain goat Mule deer Muskrat Northern pocket gopher Northern river otter Porcupine Pronghorn Red fox Red squirrel Short-tailed weasel Snowshoe hare Southern red-backed vole Striped skunk Water shrew Western jumping mouse White-tailed jackrabbit Wolverine Yellow-bellied marmot Yellow-pine chipmunk 

Cutthroat trout in SNRA

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_(butterfly)

Queen (butterfly)

Caterpillar

Queen (butterfly) / Life cycle and morphology / Caterpillar

Photo courtesy of Michele Kelley.

The queen butterfly is a North and South American butterfly in the family Nymphalidae with a wingspan of 70–88 mm. It is orange or brown with black wing borders and small white forewing spots on its dorsal wing surface, and reddish ventral wing surface fairly similar to the dorsal surface. The ventral hindwings have black veins and small white spots in a black border. The male has a black androconial scent patch on its dorsal hindwings. It is found throughout the tropics and into the temperate regions of the Americas, Asia and Africa. It can be found in meadows, fields, marshes, deserts, and at the edges of forests. This species is possibly a close relative to the similarly colored soldier butterfly; in any case, it is not close to the plain tiger as was long believed. There are seven subspecies. Females lay one egg at a time on larval host plants. Larvae use these plants as a food source, whereas adult butterflies feed mainly on nectar from flowers. Unpalatability to avian predators is a feature of the butterfly; however, its level is highly variable.

Comparatively, the mature queen caterpillar is darker and not as brightly colored as the monarch. It is nearly identical to the caterpillars of Danaus chrysippus In the larval stage, the queen is a bluish white, with a reddish-brown underside. It has three pairs of black, fleshy tentacles—one is on the head, one is on the second thoracic segment and one is on the eighth abdominal segment—but lack spines. When mature, the caterpillar is brown with purplish prolegs. The caterpillar has been observed in the following transverse stripes: blue, green, yellow, white, and blackish brown. The head is black with white rings. There is no hair on the body of the caterpillar.

Size comparison between a queen caterpillar, a monarch caterpillar and a black swallowtail caterpillar.