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Al blog de Bonpreu i Esclat, pots trobar receptes, consells nutricionals, informació d’actualitat sobre alimentació, parlem sobre gastronomia del nostre territori i molts altres temes. Navegació per categories TOTS ELS POSTS Actualitat Consells Energia Gent Bonpreu / Esclat Menja bé Receptes Receptes en família null Blocs Receptes en família Un brindis amb cava! 17/de novembre/2015 Us llancem un repte: seríeu capaços d’acabar una celebració sense brindar amb cava? No, oi? Tranquils, és normal, tenint en compte que parlem de la beguda festiva per excel·lència a Catalunya. El tenim tan incorporat al nostre imaginari que potser no ens hem parat a preguntar-nos quin n’és l’origen i com es fa. Tranquils, que tot seguit us ho aclarim. Els orígens del cava se situen al segle XIX, quan diversos cellers catalans es van animar a fer escumosos seguint el mètode francès per fer el xampany. Era una producció desordenada que, a poc a poc, es va anar concentrant a les zones on la qualitat de les vinyes garantia l’excel·lència del producte final, particularment a la zona del Penedès. Les varietats de raïm blanc xarel·lo, macabeu i parellada van quedar aviat instituïdes com a la Santíssima Trinitat del cava, és a dir, el cupatge que distingiria el nou escumós del referent francès. Quan la plaga de la fil·loxera va arrasar les vinyes franceses, a les acaballes del segle XIX, i el món es va quedar sense champagne, el cava català es va donar a conèixer més enllà de les nostres fronteres. Però, tot i això, no era un vi regulat ni tenia nom propi: en dèiem xampany! Això va ser així fins als anys cinquanta del segle XX, quan, per primera vegada, va transcriure’s la paraula cava en una ordre ministerial. Una dècada després, el cava va obtenir la definició legal definitiva per caracteritzar els vins escumosos del sistema clàssic de fermentació en ampolla i la seva criança en cava. Avui, el cava està protegit per una Denominació d’Origen i el seu Consell Regulador, que estableix les normes i característiques de l’elaboració d’aquest producte, així com el seu àmbit geogràfic. Les principals varietats de raïm que es fan servir són el xarel·lo, macabeu i parellada, tot i que se n’accepten d’altres, com ara el chardonnay i el trepat. És el cupatge que triï l’elaborador, és a dir, la proporció d’una i altra varietat en el cava, el que determinarà el resultat final. L’Alt Penedès, i d’una manera especial l’entorn de Sant Sadurní d’Anoia, concentra el 90% de la producció de cava. Però sabíeu que, de manera més testimonial, també en trobem a la Rioja, al País Valencià, a l’Aragó i a Extremadura? En tots els casos segueix el mateix mètode: després del tiratge del vi base, és a dir, l’afegit de vi blanc, sucre i llevats, les ampolles reposen en posició horitzontal a la cava durant un mínim de nou mesos. Després, es posen en pupitres inclinats perquè les restes de llevat baixin fins al coll de l’ampolla, moment en què es fa el degollament. Com que amb el degollament es perd una part del líquid, s’hi afegeix el licor d’expedició, que és vi blanc que pot estar barrejat, o no, amb sucre, donant lloc al cava Brut, Brut Nature, Sec i Semi-sec en funció de la quantitat de sucre que tingui. El darrer pas, és clar, és posar-hi el tap de suro perquè, en el moment de treure’l, el so característic ens convidi a brindar i a gaudir d’aquesta beguda tradicional del país. Més entrades de blogs Una foto que val un cap de setmana de somni Angels Salgado 12 de nov. Les 3 diferències entre la data de caducitat i la de consum preferent Angels Salgado 19 de nov. Utilitzem cookies pròpies i de tercers per realitzar anàlisis d'ús i de mesurament de la nostra web, així com per mostrar-te publicitat personalitzada a partir del teu perfil i hàbits de navegació. Pots acceptar totes les galetes prement el botó "D'acord" o configurar-les o rebutjar el seu ús prement el botó "Configura". Més informació.

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Ahir van començar les obres del que serà la major intervenció sobre el territori de Menorca des de fa molt de temps, l'ampliació de la carretera entre Maó i Alaior. L'obra ve precedida d'una important polèmica, perquè el projecte que va guanyar el concurs d'idees era molt integrador, però després es van imposar els criteris polítics i s'hi van incorporar quatre grans rotondes a doble nivell que implicaran una transformació molt important de la imatge de l'illa. Aquesta pressió política s'ha vist al llarg de tota la tramitació de l'expedient. L'informe tècnic de la Comissió de Medi Ambient era fortament crític amb les quatre macrorotondes, però finalment els càrrecs polítics van imposar una resolució ambigua que ha permès que la desproporció segueixi endavant. Les reduccions posteriors que ha anunciat vàries vegades l'equip de govern del Consell Insular en res canvien l'envergadura de la intervenció. Es pot comprovar a les imatges que acompanyen aquesta notícia, on es compara la previsió que es va fer en el projecte constructiu i el què finalment s'ha decidit executar. Qui hi vegi modificacions substancials que les digui. Des del primer dia, ens hem trobat amb un equip que interpreta qualsevol crítica amb clau política, com si els ciutadans no poguéssim tenir opinió fora de l'estricta estratègia partidista. I si la crítica els hi venia de sectors molt propers ideològicament, llavors la seva resposta era que estaven manipulats. No es recorda cap altre cas on hagi estat necessari acudir amb advocat i notari per poder veure un expedient públic. En d'altres països, actituds com aquestes hagueren estat objecte de destitucions fulminants. Per això, frega l'ofensa que ara l'equip de govern parli de transparència en el procés. Menorca tenia l'oportunitat de fer una carretera general especialment compromesa amb la filosofia de Reserva de Biosfera, que fos un referent que revaloritzàs la imatge de l'illa. Que respongués a una anàlisi racional de la mobilitat. Però s'ha apostat per continuar amb la trista llista de grans obres públiques que es fan simplement per gastar doblers. Aquesta obra desproporcionada ens provocarà una important pèrdua de paisatge (la carretera general és el principal mirador de l'illa) i unes importants despeses de manteniment que quedaran de per vida. La combinació de majories absolutes ha permès la imposició de l'obra, però que no es confongui això amb haver convençut. Territori Comparteix Afegeix un nou comentari 27643 lectures Versió per a imprimir Comentaris Esther Camps replied on Dv, 26/09/2014 - 11:21 Enllaç permanent Quina llàstima Quina llàstima quan veim que la nostra illa perd el seu gran tresor, la mare naturalesa. Aquests efectes seran irreversibles i totalment innecessaris, i més tenint en compte l'època en què vivim. Jo vull una Menorca lliure de ciment i d'interessos partidistes, vull una Menorca verda i sana, la que atreu tanta gent, vull una Menorca neta i pura. Vull la Menorca que volem els menorquins i no la que es decideix des de Madrid. respon Jordi Odrí replied on Dv, 26/09/2014 - 11:41 Enllaç permanent Una carretera... Avui he vist amb tristor l'inici duna feina que un cop començada serà dificil tornar-la enrrera, avui m'he sentit trist, però també amb forçes renovades per dir AIXÌ NO! respon nuria replied on Dv, 26/09/2014 - 12:41 Enllaç permanent Veure aquesta noticia et fan Veure aquesta noticia et fan caure les llagrimes. Tants d'esforços per acabar fent el que uns pocs decideixen. Menorca no serà la mateixa,i serà quan estigui tot fet que ens sabrà greu haver destruit el que ens feia ser diferents. Sembla increible que no puguin treure's la benda dels ulls,i pensar realment amb el millor per la illa. respon ANDREU replied on Dv, 26/09/2014 - 13:27 Enllaç permanent VISCA SES ROTONDES Hi ha que fer ses coses despresa abans de unes noves eleccions, se que estan neguitosos perquè els sondejos sembla que no els afavoreixen gens, ara bé ,així i tot coneixent sa nostra societat, pronòstic que altre vegada podran governar ja que en els medis en que m’envolto sembla que sa persona o bé no pensa o estant “encervellats “ amb s’idea de que ses altres opcions polítics són una amenaça per sa bona convivència i se pau, així estan ses coses……………………….. respon Luiso replied on Dv, 26/09/2014 - 13:33 Enllaç permanent Rotondas En qualsevol país demôcrata això no passaria. Aquí la gent no pinta res, no se li fa cas. respon Peter Waite replied on Dv, 26/09/2014 - 16:36 Enllaç permanent Road Changes I can see here parallells to our local problems in the UK. We ahve local politicians on an ego trip. "why shouldn't we have the most upto date road structure" I add, regardless of the proof of need. respon Ferran replied on Dv, 26/09/2014 - 18:10 Enllaç permanent Rotondes i altres coses La veritat és que aquesta és la legislatura de la port, la mentida i els falsos òrgans de control de l'Administració. La por per tenir controlada la població perquè no protesti i la por als funcionaris interins perquè els facin els informes favorables (cosa que també fan els càrrecs "digitals", també és cert). Mentides per tot el que difonen els seus gabinets de premsa (els únics que són eficaços, encara que funcionen en contra de la societat). I falsos consells assessors o comissions o òrgans administratius, atès que funcionen d'acord amb les instruccions rebudes: Comissió Balear de Medi Ambient (que només es dedica a aprovar projectes, encara que els tècnics n'informin negativament), Consell Consultiu (amb un Parera que ja se n'encarrega de retallar els dictàmens i fer que siguin favorables...). I, pel que fa a l'amplicació de la carretera que dir?. Una ampliació feta sense cap sentit tècnic ni econòmic amb un impacte que només es podrà valorar quan ja estigui feta, amb importants afectacions ambientals, paisatgístiques i econòmiques... Però, com sempre, els polítics només pensen a curt termini: l'any què ve hi ha eleccions hi volen fer creure que han fet alguna cosa en aquesta legislatura.... I com no saben que dir, mostraran l'ampliació com si fos la guinda de la gestió, quan és el pitjor que han fet! respon joana replied on Dv, 26/09/2014 - 19:03 Enllaç permanent rotondes No entenc com aixó de les rotondes pot tirar endavant. Pot ser que "EL CONSISTORI" té molt clar que la majoria li és fa-vo-ra-ble facin el que facin. Si fos així, la comunitat menorquina potser tindria que reciclarse. respon Malu replied on Ds, 27/09/2014 - 02:11 Enllaç permanent QUÈ ENS ESTÀ PASSANT!? Buidor, impotència i tristor..., res més a dir... de moment... respon leonardo replied on Ds, 27/09/2014 - 11:16 Enllaç permanent rodondas De llorar es la situación al ver las escabadoras arañando la tierra para arrancar los arbustos y árboles a la orilla de la carretera, y todo para una obra obsoleta y monumento a la cerrazón y el egoísmo de unos políticos que quieren dejar sus monumentos, pirámides, y templos a la insensatez, y que creen que pasaran a la historia que por que algo han hecho en su mandato. En este tiempo de parados, pónganse a la cola por que no creo que el pueblo de Menorca les de la mayoría para seguir haciendo tamañas chapuzas respon Jordi Camprubí replied on Ds, 27/09/2014 - 12:36 Enllaç permanent El general o la general Una decisió casernària com correspon a un conseller què és militar retirat o a la reserva, tant se val. Una decisió d'un govern que serveix a la oligarquia illenca i se'n fot del poble i a més l'insulta com va quedar palès en la "Carta abierta a la sociedad menorquina" què va escriure el general a Es Diari el dia 24 d'agost del 2014. Un veritable atac a la intel·ligència del poble. respon Anònim replied on Ds, 27/09/2014 - 14:45 Enllaç permanent Una altra barbaritat Pero que passa amb ets menorquins? Estem adormits? Fins a quand hem de suportar facecies d´aquesta casta? Es incomprensible la manca de reacció d´es poble, ens estem jugant es futur i els de les nostres generacions. Quina manca de conciència. respon Gloria replied on Ds, 27/09/2014 - 20:24 Enllaç permanent Impotència i frustració No em puc crèure que això tiri endevant. Boicot! Sabotegem les màquines excavadores! Fem alguna cosaaaa! Som idiòtes per votar idiòtes. Ens ho mereixem. Sento impotència, frustració i una gran ràbia. I no em puc crèure que uns pocs corruptes puguin vèncer a una gran majoria de persones sensibilitzades. Què ha fallat? No hem fet prou front comú? No em puc resignar respon Gloria replied on Ds, 27/09/2014 - 20:42 Enllaç permanent Recollida de signatures He vist a change.org una recollida de signatures per eliminar les macrorotondes que ja porta 4.638 signaturas aqui l'enllaç: http://www.change.org/p/consell-insular-de-menorca-eliminen-las-macrorotondas-del-proyecto-de-la-carretera-general-de-menorca No sé si va dirigida a l'organisme adequat (al Alejandre) ni tampoc si el nombre de signatures que vol asolir (5000, només falten 362 més) és determinant per parar el procés. Sé que un num determinat de signatures pot arribar a canviar una decisió política, he buscar informació i m'ha semblat que a Balears son 10.000, però ho desconec. No em puc resignar, lluitem fins al final!!! respon Aina replied on Dg, 28/09/2014 - 23:58 Enllaç permanent Tristesa He vingut de vacances a la meva illa... I trobar-me aquest escenari es molt trist... Veure com per molt que els menorquins diguem NO a les macrorrotondes els hi es ben igual... Es molt trist que destrueixin la nostra terra d'aquesta manera.. respon Maite Martínez replied on Dll, 29/09/2014 - 11:19 Enllaç permanent Rotondas Nos olvidamos que estamos bajo la dictadura de unos pocos, no tenemos ni la más mínima posibilidad de decidir sobre nada y menos sobre nuestro entorno. Nos arrebatan el paisaje, el territorio, los recursos hídricos. Se irán dejando todo destrozado, aplicando la estrategia de la tierra quemada, y no la obligación de proteger a la que se comprometen cuando firman sus cargos. No podemos seguir permitiendo tantos desmanes, todos tenemos la obligación de proteger lo que nos pertenece. respon yrisgala replied on Dm, 30/09/2014 - 11:14 Enllaç permanent Obres La tristor no ens porta enlloc i si...aturem les obres? Signatures...potser... i si... dialoguem amb els treballadors? Si viuen a Menorca de segur que l'estimen! Per No permetre, cal implicar-se. respon Mallorca replied on Dm, 30/09/2014 - 14:18 Enllaç permanent no,no,no Menorquins feis possible aturar-lo!!!!! please! ánimo, fuerza! respon Luiso replied on Dv, 03/10/2014 - 12:07 Enllaç permanent Rotondas El PP está representant la continuació dels criteris politics del franquisme. El "ordeno y mando" de llavors continua ara com la cosa mes normal. La gent no es ningú, no els mereix respecte. Els i agrada manar! I lo pitjor es que el PP ha aconseguit atontar a la gent que, diuen alguns, que els tornaran a votar!!! respon Afegeix un nou comentari El vostre nom Assumpte Comentari * email To prevent automated spam submissions leave this field empty. Accepto la política de gestió de dades personals * Informació sobre protecció de dades. Responsable: Grup Balear d'Ornitologia i Defensa de la Naturalesa. Finalitat del tractament: Publicar el comentari. Legitimació: El teu consentiment. Comunicació de les dades: No es comunicaran a tercers excepte per obligació legal. Drets: Accés, rectificació, portabilitat, supressió. Contacte: info@gobmenorca.com. Protecció de dades personals CAPTCHA Aquesta pregunta és per comprovar que sou un visitant humà i prevenir els enviaments automàtics de correu brossa. Back to top Destacat Exposició fotografies: La Menorca que Estimam Botiga Mercat des Claustre Oficines i instal·lacions: horaris i contactes Obert, Es Viver plantes de Menorca Important desgravació en la quota de soci Comentaris recents CO2 fa 1 dia 13 hores Menos gente más desarrollada, más feliz fa 2 dies 11 hores No más urbanizaciones ni hoteles fa 6 dies 12 hores Parar tantas plazas turïsticas fa 6 dies 12 hores Gentrificació fa 1 setmana 9 hores Etiquetes Activitats Aigua Animals Custòdia agrària Economia Educació Energia Medi marí Plantes Propostes Residus Sostenibilitat Territori Voluntariat

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Abans de descarregar i utilitzar imatges i vídeos del banc LLORET SALA PREMSA, si us plau llegiu els nostres Termes d'Ús Termes d'Ús Les fotografies i vídeos disponibles en aquesta web només poden ser utilitzades utilitzats per: 1. Empreses del sector turístic: majors , companyies àereies, agencies agències de viatges, oficines de turisme, etc. amb la finalitat d’inserir-les exclusivament en edicions de l’àmbit turístic de distribució gratuïta. 2. Mitjans de comunicació en ocasióons d’articles o reportatges que facin difusió de la imatge turística de Lloret. Qualsevol altre ús requerirà l’autorització expressa de Lloret Turisme. D’acord amb la legislació vigent, en les edicions, es respectarà la integritat de la fotografia i el vídeo, així comi es farà constar a peu de foto o en els crèdits que la fotografia o vídeo pertany a Lloret Turisme. Així mateix, no es podrà utilitzar el material per distingir ni estar associat a productes o serveis que, per la seva naturalesa, característiques o per la manera i en el context en què es presentin o s’ofereixin: a) Promoguin comportaments de contingut xenòfob, racista, sexista, homòfob o d’altres de similars. b) Promoguin comportaments incívics. c) Promoguin, difonguin o puguin ser associats al consum de drogues i alcohol. d) Tinguin un nivell de qualitat manifestament baix. e) Suposin un aprofitament deslleial del prestigi i bon nom associats a la ciutat de Lloret de Mar. f) Que tinguin com a finalitat o efecte el descrèdit del municipi de Lloret de Mar per associar-lo amb les conductes descrites en els apartats anteriors. Fotos ( 54 Resultats ) Descarregar seleccionades Pots descarregar les imatges seleccionades en alta o baixa resolució: No hi ha imatges seleccionades ACCEPTAR LA POLÍTICA DE PRIVACITAT DE LES IMATGES Descarregar imatges en alta resolució Descarregar imatges en baixa resolució

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Categoria 25Anys ACN Antic Ciència i Tecnologia Cultura Economia Europa Press In English Jocs Locals Món Opinió País Publicacions Resta del Món Serveis Societat Vilaweb TV Cercar No s’han trobat resultats per a la teva cerca. Dimecres 7 de desembre de 2022 Pòdcasts VilaWeb TV English Apps La Botiga País Opinió La Pissarreta Paraulògic Cerca Inicia sessió Subscriptor Perfil Xarxa VW VilaWeb Paper Xat Favorits Arxiu Portades Sortir Subscriu-t'hi SUBSCRIU-T'HI 15.000 morts per 5.760 minuts de futbol. Boicot Catar. * VilaWeb no publica informacions sobre el Mundial de Futbol de Catar crisi política al perú Greu crisi política al Perú: Castillo és detingut i Diana Boluarte, nomenada nova presidenta El lindy hop envaeix les pistes de ball Ballar la música swing s'ha convertit en una activitat molt freqüent a Barcelona Mariona Ibáñez, Marina Hernández 07.03.2013 - 13:00 Mariona Ibáñez, Marina Hernández Recomanem Fra Valentí Serra: “Els caputxins som els pioners dels horts urbans” “Déu, pàtria, rei i furs”: la història poc coneguda de la Generalitat carlina Un advocat general del TJUE contradiu les conclusions de De la Tour sobre les euroordres de Llarena Les divuit fires de Nadal que no us podeu deixar perdre Històries de la Granja Viader: de creadors del Cacaolat al mític berenar de suís Greu crisi política al Perú: Castillo és detingut i Diana Boluarte, nomenada nova presidenta [VÍDEO] La Pissarreta d’en Partal: L’intent de cop d’estat a Alemanya i els problemes de les fronteres creades per la guerra Segon accident de Renfe en un dia: un tren xoca contra un cotxe caigut a la via Dos nous detinguts per l’intent de fugida a l’aeroport de Barcelona Adrià Devant, cunyat d’Assange: “No vull que els fills d’en Julian acabin trobant normal de veure’l a la presó” La premsa lliure no la paga el govern, la paguen els lectors Fes-te de VilaWeb, fem-nos lliures 07.03.2013 - 13:00 Segle XXI: el continent sencer pateix una crisi socioeconòmica i es veu forçat a retrocedir per poder continuar el moviment terrestre circular. Hi ha moltes maneres d’evadir-se d’un context descoratjador: té sentit que la moguda swing experimenti precisament ara un auge espectacular i les places de la ciutats tornin als anys vint gairebé de forma diària. Barcelona ha sostingut un creixement exponencial del swing: només 20 anys enrere aquest ball era l’extravagància d’uns pocs apassionats. Ara mateix, l’associació BCNswing –centre neuràlgic del swing barceloní– compta amb 420 associats. La Barswingona, per exemple, és el primer festival de swing en tot l’Estat i des del 1997 s’ha anat consolidant com a referent europeu. Durant l’espectacle, una part de la ciutat Comtal es converteix en un altre món, despreocupat de la quotidianitat, amb parelles de 20 països diferents. Pots ballar cada dia Les trobades són sobretot a l’aire lliure, la més afectuosa i familiar és el Lindy al Parc (Parc de la Ciutadella). També la Plaça de la Sedeta, l’avinguda Gaudí i el Parc del Migdia (Girona) es converteixen en planetes swing on es ballen lindy hop y els seus sucedanis: balboa, xarleston, boogie woogie, jumpin’jive, west coast swing i shag. Les activitats solen ser gratuïtes o realment econòmiques. L’esperit de la BCNswing La dansa es cristal·litza en un diàleg de riures d’estranya complicitat. El sentiment d’espontaneïtat i la bona energia són dues constants en la naturalesa swing. En aquesta línia, la BCNswing germina de la voluntat impulsora del ball i la música swing. El calendari de l’espai web de l’associació és el seu gran potencial: entitats, empreses i persones físiques hi pengen l’anunci dels esdeveniments que organitzen i acte seguit la junta BCNswing els estudia i publica. Tota tasca és voluntària i sense cap fita lucrativa. La diversió és incansablement garantida. El club familiar swing està estenent la seva influència fora de Barcelona: Tarragona, Girona, Figueres, Terrassa, Sitges i la Garriga són alguns dels exemples de més força. A l’Estat espanyol aquesta festivitat ha madurat amb elegància a causa del ferotge creixement experimentat. S’estan desenvolupant moviments a Vitòria (Gastroswing: combinación musical comestible), al sud de València i a Madrid. Més enllà de la península hi ha milions de festivitats; la més ovacionada és l’Herräng Dance Camp, a Suècia: després d’uns anys d’inactivitat, el país nòrdic es va convertir en explorador de la nova era del swing. Enllaços Array COMENTARIS Comenteu Recomanem Fra Valentí Serra: “Els caputxins som els pioners dels horts urbans” “Déu, pàtria, rei i furs”: la història poc coneguda de la Generalitat carlina Un advocat general del TJUE contradiu les conclusions de De la Tour sobre les euroordres de Llarena Les divuit fires de Nadal que no us podeu deixar perdre Històries de la Granja Viader: de creadors del Cacaolat al mític berenar de suís Greu crisi política al Perú: Castillo és detingut i Diana Boluarte, nomenada nova presidenta [VÍDEO] La Pissarreta d’en Partal: L’intent de cop d’estat a Alemanya i els problemes de les fronteres creades per la guerra Segon accident de Renfe en un dia: un tren xoca contra un cotxe caigut a la via Dos nous detinguts per l’intent de fugida a l’aeroport de Barcelona Adrià Devant, cunyat d’Assange: “No vull que els fills d’en Julian acabin trobant normal de veure’l a la presó” La premsa lliure no la paga el govern. La paguem els lectors. Fes-te de VilaWeb, fem-nos lliures. Fer-me'n subscriptor des de 60€ l'any / 5€ el mes Fer una donació 10€ 25€ 50€ 100€ + o envia’ns el teu telèfon i et trucarem En què creu VilaWeb? VilaWeb existeix per a donar veu a la gent dels Països Catalans, amb la voluntat de servir d’instrument de control del poder, des de la defensa dels valors progressistes, lluitant pel bé comú, per la llengua catalana, per la llibertat i la cultura. Saber-ne més Seus de la redacció Barcelona C. Ferlandina, 43 08001 Barcelona 934 426 439 València C. Sant Ferran, 12 46001 València © Partal, Maresma i Associats SL Enviar una còpia a un amic Nom Correu electrònic Missatge Nom a qui va dirigit Correu electrònic a qui va dirigit *Separa els diferents correus amb comes Enviar Funcionalitat només per a subscriptors Aquesta funcionalitat és per als membres de la comunitat de Vilaweb. Si encara no en sou subscriptors, cliqueu en aquesta pàgina per veure’n els avantatges. FES-ME’N SUBSCRIPTOR JA EN SÓC SUBSCRIPTOR S'ha afegit la noticia a Favorits. Subscripció al butlletí Nom Cognoms Correu electrònic Telèfon Consentiment de dades Us informem que les dades de caràcter personal que ens proporcioneu seran tractades per Partal Maresma i Associats S.L. com a responsable del tractament. A Partal, Maresma i Associats, S.L. utilitzem la informació que ens faciliteu per enviar-vos els butlletins d'informació de VilaWeb i de les activitats que organitzi aquest diari, sobre la base del consentiment que ens proporcioneu marcant la casella anterior. No es preveuen cessions a tercers ni transferències a tercers països. Podreu exercir els vostres drets d'accés, rectificació i limitació i suprimir les dades a l'adreça electrònica dades@vilaweb.cat, com també el dret de presentar una reclamació davant una autoritat de control. 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The following information applies to Undergraduate students only for the 2022-23 academic year. Graduate students should contact Graduate & Professional Education. The University of Delaware has developed a university-wide policy that enables students to move more freely among majors and colleges. This also provides students with the flexibility to pursue multiple majors and minors, to work at the interfaces between established disciplines, and to experience a broader selection of electives. However, there may be limited availability in some majors. See explanation of Restricted Majors below. UD is committed to ensuring that all students are making informed decisions regarding their academic interests and their professional goals and objectives. The information below is based on updates provided from the colleges as received by the academic departments. Change of majors will be accepted during the academic year based on the information provided. Any changes to the internal transfer policy/change of major policy may only apply to the next academic year and will not be posted until after the current academic year. Prior to requesting a transfer / change of major... Please consult with your academic advisor. See Loading... from the Undergraduate Catalog Non-Restricted Majors have year-round admissions. Review your degree requirements using the What-If Report. This report shows how certain courses can apply towards degree requirements for a different/additional major or minor. Access this report from your UD Student Homepage in the Degrees & Advisement tile under the What-If Report menu item. (More Info). Ready to request a transfer/change of major? Review Frequently Asked Questions about the change of major process along with the Restricted Majors information and deadlines below. Once your form has been approved and received in the Registrar's Office, your student record will be adjusted within 5 business days. To submit a request to change major or minors, complete the form in your UD Student Homepage > Degrees & Advisement tile, in the Undergraduate Students folder, under Change Major, Minor, Concentr OR in the Forms tile in the Undergraduate Students folder.

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AppTweak is one of the best tools for App Store Optimization as it offers the users all the features they need to make their App or Game a success. Having dealt with some well-known platforms like PayPal, Jam City, Yelp, Big Fish, Amazon, Expedia, Khan Academy, Adobe, Udemy, and even LinkedIn, AppTweak has helped many popular apps and games by providing actionable insights in the simplest interface. Since an effective keyword strategy is very crucial for the success of the app, App Tweak does thorough keyword research to identify the keywords that can take your app to the top of the search results. Its keyword research and suggestion feature allows the users to find the keywords which their competitors are using with their search volume to ensure that their app has the best chance to rank. Client Reviews No reviews yet. Product Demo Core Features Performance Monitoring Keyword Research and Suggestion ASO audit and reports Multilingual Analysis Search Ads Intelligence App download and revenue estimates Ranking as per categories Featured app list ASO timeline Visibility Score Pros This App Store Optimization software has a great User Interface. The app and market intelligence tools are very efficient. It has multiple options for analytics. The tool for comparing competitor data including but not limited to keywords and backlinks plays a crucial role in reaching your app to the top charts. The support system at AppTweak is very prompt and accommodating with any queries of the customers. If you are a beginner to ASO then App Tweak might be your best choice amongst all App Store Optimization tools because of its ease of use and simple interface. Cons This software misbehaves when users are analyzing the keyword ranking as per other countries. As compared to other App Store Optimization tools, it is a bit on the expensive side. This software works slow at times because of the huge amount of data. FirmsExplorer We’re happy to be your data-driven guide for better B2B hiring and buying decisions. Our platform supports service seekers and buyers to choose the ideal agency or software provider to strengthen the business value. We are ready to help both service providers as well as service seekers.

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Notícia destacada: ACN – Alcaldes i entitats de la Ribera d’Ebre i la Terra Alta treballen una proposta per demanar al Govern l’ampliació del Parc Natural dels Ports. Defensen que aquesta figura de protecció ajudarà a preservar els espais naturals, a desenvolupar un model socioeconòmic sostenible i sobretot a frenar projectes que trinxen el territori. Liderats per GEPEC-EdC, s’hi ha sumat els ajuntaments del Pinell de Brai, Corbera d’Ebre, Miravet, Benissanet, Ascó i Móra d’Ebre i també entitats com la DO Terra Alta, el Centre d’Estudis de la Ribera d’Ebre o l’Associació de Turisme Rural de la Terra Alta. La proposta és incloure les serres de Pàndols i Cavalls i el riu Ebre i els seus espais naturals. El Parc Natural dels Ports s’estén des del Montsià, a la Sénia, fins a Arnes, a la Terra Alta, amb 35.050 hectàrees protegides. El GEPEC-EdC ha presentat la proposta que ha començat a consensuar amb alcaldes de la Ribera d’Ebre i la Terra Alta per ampliar-lo i que inclogui espais exclosos com la serra de Pàndols i la serra de Cavalls, el riu Ebre i altres espais naturals – fins a la serralada prelitoral catalana- de la Ribera d’Ebre, l’única comarca de les Terres de l’Ebre “sense un pam” de parc natural. Com ha apuntat Xavier Jiménez, és una eina que “compatibilitza” la preservació i conservació dels espais naturals, els paisatges i la biodiversitat amb les activitats econòmiques. “El parc natural conserva i revitalitza socioeconòmicament un territori”, ha destacat. El GEPEC-EdC emmiralla aquest projecte en la comarca de l’Alt Empordà. “Aquesta eina que al nord funciona volem que funcioni aquí baix, volem exportar aquest model al sud, en una comarca i un territori que sovint només es pensa en ella per a projectes poc sostenibles: abocadors, el projecte d’Enron, les fotovoltaiques i eòliques gens sostenibles”, ha denunciat Jiménez. L’entitat ecologista ha fet una primera proposta tècnica que s’ha començat a consensuar amb els municipis i que busca els màxims suports perquè sigui “una proposta de territori”, que els pobles decideixin quin model de desenvolupament volen. Enguany es madurarà i es vol fer arribar a la Generalitat. A partir d’ara, es faran xerrades i conferències per resoldre dubtes i traslladar l’experiència d’altres zones per vèncer els recels que encara hi ha en algunes poblacions per sumar-se a la proposta. El president del GEPEC-EdC ha recordat que als parcs naturals es pot caçar, es pot fer gestió forestal, i es manté l’agricultura i la ramaderia, entre d’altres. “On la cultura dels espais protegits està poc implantada són preguntes que generen recels, però es poden resoldre. És una figura de conservació que garanteix les activitats tradicionals i es converteix en paraigües per fer viables aquestes activitats”, ha insistit. D’entrada compta amb el suport de sis ajuntaments, dels Consells Comarcals de la Ribera d’Ebre i la Terra Alta, i entitats. Els alcaldes, com l’alcaldessa dels Pinell de Brai, Eva Amposta, han destacat que la proposta naix i es consensua des del territori. “Valorem aquest treball coordinat i que les dues comarques haguem fet aquest treball conjunt i haguem estat molt generosos per tirar endavant una proposta que ha de créixer. La voluntat és apropar-la i que sigui més ampla”, ha remarcat Amposta. Preservar els valors “naturals, agrícoles i endògens” del territori és la prioritat del projecte, però també es fan valer “el ventall” d’oportunitats que pot suposar. “Hi apostem perquè pot suposar una protecció a les agressions que venen tan sovint en aquestes terres i suposa una aposta de futur per un turisme de qualitat. Un parc natural sempre és un segell de bones propostes i de valors”, ha dit l’alcalde de Benissanet, Xavier Arbó. Així ho ha certificat Pilar Miró, presidenta l’Associació de Turisme Rural de la Terra Alta. “Tenir un parc natural a la comarca és una font de riquesa. Hi ha moltes empreses que ens en beneficiem. El turisme cada cop és més de natura i la conservació d’un espai natural és summament important, juntament amb l’enoturisme que també tenim. Suposa moltes oportunitats per a les empreses de la Terra Alta i estem d’acord en ampliar els Ports fins a l’Ebre per la seva serralada natural que és Pàndols i Cavalls”, ha defensat. La proposta també té el suport de la DO Terra Alta o el Centre d’Estudis de la Ribera d’Ebre. “El nostre és un vi de paisatge i no podem permetre que agents exteriors en malmetin el territori. La massificació eòlica és una agressió a la Terra Alta i cal protegir la comarca perquè valorem el paisatge i la gent es mereix un altre tipus de terra”, ha reivindicat Jordi Rius, secretari del Consell Regulador de la DO. Foto: Anna Ferràs – Foto de grup dels alcaldes i entitats de la Terra Alta i la Ribera d’Ebre que s’han sumat al projecte per demanar l’ampliació del Parc Natural del Ports, en un acte de presentació al castell de Miravet. Imatge del 25 de març del 2021. Comparteix: Anterior Josep Codorniu desmenteix que Junts hagi proposat una moció de censura contra el govern de Roquetes Següent Informatiu 29-03-2021 Programes relacionats L’Informatiu 24-01-2022 24/01/2022 Informatiu 25-10-2021 25/10/2021 Informatiu 18-11-2021 18/11/2021 L’Informatiu 23-05-2022 23/05/2022 Cerca: ESCOLTA’NS EN DIRECTE Escolta'ns en directe! Antena Caro us desitja molt bones festes! Descarrega’t l’App GALERIA PROGRAMES A micro obert Actualitat Esports L'informatiu La tertúlia Plens de l'ajuntament Portada RECULL Qui som Contacte Graella de programació Galeria fotogràfica Mapa web Antena Caro – Roquetes Comunicació La Ràdio a la Carta de l’emissora Municipal de Roquetes a les Terres de l’Ebre. 977 580 108 radio@antenacaro.cat Urb. Torre d’en Gil, Centre Cívic, 2n pis, 43520, Roquetes Diseñado por Elegant Themes | Desarrollado por WordPress Nota legal Política de cookies Política de privacitat Gestió de les galetes Utilitzem cookies pròpies i de tercers per saber com utilitzes el nostre lloc web i fer estadístiques. Funcional Funcional Sempre actiu L'emmagatzematge o accés tècnic és estrictament necessari amb la finalitat legítima de permetre l'ús d'un determinat servei sol·licitat explícitament per l'abonat o usuari, o amb l'única finalitat de realitzar la transmissió d'una comunicació a través d'una xarxa de comunicacions electròniques. Preferències Preferències The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. Estadístiques Estadístiques L'emmagatzematge o accés tècnic que s'utilitza exclusivament amb finalitats estadístiques. 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June 3, 2022 June 2, 2022 Categories Explore NYCrainy day ideas in NYC, Things to do in NYCLeave a Comment on 5 Unusual Things to Do on a Rainy Day in NYC New Yorkers often gripe about our humid summers and frigid winters, but we don’t tend to acknowledge that NYC is also a fairly rainy city. Sure, it’s not Hilo, Hawaii, the rainiest city in the US, but with an average of 47 inches of rain a year compared to the national average of 38 inches, you might want to keep some ideas for NYC rainy day activities in the back of your mind, especially during the warmer months.* *As a rule of thumb, NYC’s warmer months are its wetter months, with an average of eight to ten days per month being washouts from April through August. The tried and true NYC rainy day activity is to visit one of the city’s many, many, many museums. But if you’re not in the mood to go to a museum and you are looking for something off the (slightly damp) beaten path, one of these unusual things to do on a rainy day in NYC might pique your interest. NYC Rainy Day Idea 1 If you’re in a sightseeing mood and you have a lot of time on your hands: This is going to sound weird, but the next time it rains in NYC and you have nothing to do, hop on a bus and ride its whole route. Yes, a regular, schmegular MTA bus. You’ll be surprised at the things you observe about the city peering out at it from a raindrop-streaked bus window. Think of it as the city’s cheapest bus tour. Some of the city’s best MTA bus routes for “sightseeing” include Staten Island’s S78 route (NYC’s longest bus route), Manhattan’s M1 and M15 routes, and Brooklyn’s B63 and B67 routes. NYC Rainy Day Idea 2 If you’re in the mood to do something active: From board game cafes to indoor rock climbing, NYC has a proliferation fun indoor activities to keep your mind and body active on a rainy day. If you want a mental workout, spend the day playing board games at Hex & Co. and The Uncommons, or play video games at Barcade. If you prefer something more athletic, try shuffleboard at the Royal Palms Shuffleboard Club, ax throwing at Kick Axe, rock climbing at Brooklyn Boulders, laser tag at Area 53, or take part in any other sport you can think of at Chelsea Piers. NYC Rainy Day Idea 3 If you want to become one with nature but not get soaking wet: A rainy day in NYC is one of the best times to visit the greenhouses at one of the city’s botanical gardens. On a rainy day, you can take your time to explore these massive greenhouses without worrying about what you’re missing out on seeing outside. Plus, spending a day in a climate-controlled greenhouse with its varying environments from room to room almost feels like you’re traveling. NYC Rainy Day Idea 4 If you want to embrace your inner bookworm: Sure, you can go to a bookstore cafe to have a clichéd rainy day where you sip coffee while reading a paperback in front of a raindrop-smeared window (and please do! NYC’s independent bookstores need our support!), but you can have a similar day at one of NYC’s public libraries. Public libraries are some of the few places in NYC where you can sit and stay a while and not be expected to buy anything or communicate with anyone, AND you’ll be surrounded by books. I’ll admit that most NYC public library branches aren’t as hip as bookstore cafes, but if you want your time at the library to be a vibe, check out this list of the most instagrammable NYPL branches in the city. NYC Rainy Day Idea 5 If you want to stare at a screen bigger than your phone: A rainy day in NYC is the perfect time to watch a movie, but you have more options than going to your average AMC or doomscrolling through Netflix in your apartment. For an elevated movie watching experience, go to one of Nitehawk Cinema’s locations, where you can the see the latest blockbuster while dining on fancy restaurant-quality food. How many movie theaters will serve deviled eggs and a glass of Prosecco to your seat mid-movie? Which of these ideas are you looking forward to trying during the next rainy day in NYC? Do you have any other suggestions for things to do on a rainy day in NYC? Share them in the comment section. If you liked this guide on unusual things to do on a rainy day in NYC and you want weekly articles on NYC history, culture, and things to do, sign up for the Shiloh in the City email list and show some love for me on social media. Thanks for reading! Sharing is caring: Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window) Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window) Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) More Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) Click to print (Opens in new window) Like this: Like Loading... Post navigation Previous Post Why Times Square is the BEST Place in NYC! Next Post The 10 Best Apps to Download in NYC (for Locals and Tourists) Tell me what you think! Cancel reply This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. Shiloh in the City is a resource for both NYC locals and visitors who want to get to know New York beyond their day-to-day experiences and beyond the superficial level of most guide books. Using history, humor, and my own experiences, I encourage people to explore NYC, whether they plan to be here for three days or three decades. Hey you! Want to explore more of New York? Get the most interesting guides to NYC right at your fingertips weekly when you sign up for Shiloh in the City's email list.

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This is rare example of the ever popular Catalina 350 cruiser known for it's ease of handling and superior cabin space with 6' 6'' of headroom, the 350 packs a punch only seen in much bigger boats. When do you see a standalone shower stall in a 35' boat....the 350 has one! From the cockpit you have access to a very large, deep lazarette with integrated storage bins and shelves that creates a garage perfect for supplies, tools, lines and sails. And, with two private cabins, a large fully equipped galley and ultra leather upholstery in the salon, the 350 is built for comfort and extended cruising. This boat is ready to sail! Won't last long as it's very rare to see a 350 with this feature set and low, low hours. Get in touch to arrange a viewing soon! Show More Contact Information Please contact Timothy Thomas at 843-338-2577 Other Details Disclaimer The Company offers the details of this vessel in good faith but cannot guarantee or warrant the accuracy of this information nor warrant the condition of the vessel. A buyer should instruct his agents, or his surveyors, to investigate such details as the buyer desires validated. This vessel is offered subject to prior sale, price change, or withdrawal without notice.

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(b. 1939)Strelnikov's art finds its inspiration in the landscape and environment of the Black Sea.He... read more Vladimir Strelnikov Biography (b. 1939) Strelnikov's art finds its inspiration in the landscape and environment of the Black Sea. He seems fascinated by the ancient civilisations which lived there making formal links with the ancient Slavic icons, as well as the "stone women" found in the steppes near the Black Sea. Strelnikov is widely represented in museums and in private collections and has exhibited internationally. Strelnikov is one of the most important of the "Odessa Group". Private unofficial exhibitions in the USSR. From 1979 in Munich (Ukrainian Free University); One Man Exhibitions: 1981 - Goethe Institute 1982 - Ukrainian Canadian Art Foundation (Toronto) 1983 - Cologne (Rydman) 1984 - Margelik Gallery 1986 - Atelier Ana 1988 - Ulm 1989 - Wuppertal I'm amongst those artists about whom in the West they say: the one who walks alone. One can surprise oneself, one can surprise others, but I am a slave, chained to a galley - I ought to create my own. (Strelnikov)

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Sortint d'allà, travessaven Galilea, però Jesús no volia que ho sabés ningú. Instruïa els seus deixebles i els deia: --El Fill de l'home serà entregat en mans dels homes, i el mataran; però, un cop mort, al cap de tres dies ressuscitarà. Ells no comprenien què volia dir, però tenien por de fer-li preguntes. Arribaren a Cafarnaüm. Un cop a casa, els preguntà: --Què discutíeu pel camí? Però ells callaven, perquè pel camí havien discutit quin d'ells era el més important. Aleshores s'assegué, va cridar els Dotze i els va dir:--Si algú vol ser el primer, que es faci el darrer de tots i el servidor de tots. Llavors va agafar un infant, el posà enmig d'ells, el prengué en braços i els digué --Qui acull un d'aquests infants en nom meu, m'acull a mi, i qui m'acull a mi, no m'acull a mi, sinó el qui m'ha enviat.

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A l’interior de l’església destaca l’absis romànic amb algunes senyals de les antigues pintures romàniques. El rostre del Senyor està acompanyat de dues icones: la de sant Francesc i la icona de Llàtzer el leprós (Lluc 16,19-31). La memòria de Llàtzer ens recorda tots aquells que queden al marge de la ciutat i que en recullen les engrunes. És una història que es repeteix: un pobre al costat d’un ric que celebra festes esplèndides. També ens ho recorda la representació de sant Llàtzer amb la campana a la mà i un gos llepant-li les ferides, inclosa en un llibre manuscrit en pergamí de l’any 1511 que enregistrava les entrades dels malalts a l’hospital de Sant Llàtzer. La campana del pobre Llàtzer s’utilitzava per avisar els vianants de la presència d’un leprós. Avui la campana del pobre Llàtzer, més en un temps de crisi, ens recorda els pobres i els malalts de la ciutat. Les pedres de la capella de Sant Llàtzer tenen escrites moltes històries de dolor i d’acollida. Aquí s’han acollit els pobres i hi han trobat protecció. També s’hi han trobat molts ciutadans que han manifestat gratuïtament la seva generositat. Per això l’epicentre d’humanitat i l’anima d’una ciutat es troba en llocs com aquests. I per això, en la mesura que es fan fora els pobres la ciutat es deshumanitza, perd la seva ànima, s’aboleix l’acte extrem de la caritat en virtut de la qual es dóna alguna cosa sense esperar res a canvi a qui no es coneix, solament perquè se’l veu necessitat. Horaris de visita Trucar de dilluns a divendres, d'10 a 14 h per concertar visita. Tel. 934 418 123 Pregària de la Comunitat de Sant'Egidio Dimarts: 18.00 h. Divendres: 18.15 h. Llibres La capella de Sant Llàtzer. Història d’una redescoberta La capella de Sant Llàtzer. Història d’una redescoberta. Daniel Venteo. 2010 Ajuntament de Barcelona. Pelegrins al cor de Barcelona. Un itinerari cultural i espiritual per Ciutat Vella. Jaume Castro i Meritxell Téllez. Viena Edicions. 2013

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BLOOMERS. Work in stockinette st (k 1 row, p 1 row) working in stripes of 4 rows White and 4 rows Color. The stripe pattern will not be referred to again in directions. With White, on #2 needles, cast on 9 sts and work 4 rows even. Work one edge even and increase 1 st at other edge every row until there are 35 sts on needle ending on the shaped side. Cast on 35 (42) sts and work 30 (38) rows even. The long straight edge is the leg edge of bloomers and the short straight edge is the waist edge of bloomer, the shaped section is the back seam. Next Row. Continue working leg edge even and decrease 1 st every 9th row at same edge until 12 sts have been decreased. Next 14 Rows. Work even ending at waist edge. Next Row. Bind off 23 (30) sts and work to end of row, then decrease 1 st each row on shaped side of work only until 9 sts remain. Work 3 rows even, bind off. Across leg edge, with Color and # 1 needle, pick up 84 (90) sts (about 5 sts in each 3 stripes) and work in ribbing of K 2, P 2, for 10 rows, bind off in ribbing. Across waist edge, with Color and #1 needle, pick up 80 (84) sts and work in ribbing for 14 rows, bind off in ribbing. Work a 2nd section to correspond, reversing the shaping of back by starting increases at the beginning of the 4th row instead of the 5th row as in 1st section. Sew leg seam, then sew back and front seams matching stripes. Crochet casing for elastic as follows: with wrong side of work toward you attach yarn ¼ inch from upper edge of waist band, * ch 5, sl st in next rib ½ inch below, ch 5, sl st in next rib ½ inch above, repeat from * all around. Work a similar casing on leg bands. BRA. With White, on #2 needles, cast on 90 (98) sts and K 3 rows, break yarn. Attach Color and work in stockinette st for 3 (3½) inches ending with a purl row, break yarn. Attach White, K 3 rows and bind off. TIES. With right side of work toward you, with White and #1 needles, pick up 15 sts on short side of band and * K each row for 1 inch. Next row decrease 1 st each side, repeat from * once. Work even until White section measures 9½ inches, bind off. Work other side to correspond. Work a row of s c across long sides. To form points on ends of ties: fold ends through center on wrong side and seam, turn to right side. BAND FOR CENTER OF BRA. On #1 needles, with White, cast on 24 sts and K 3 rows, bind off. Shirr bra through center and attach band in position. STRAP. On #1 needles, with White, cast on 7 sts and K each row for 12 inches or length required, bind off. Work a row of s c across long sides. Attach to bra.

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La intel·ligència artificial capaç de mantenir qualsevol conversa TV3 modernitzarà els platós dels telenotícies per a la pròxima temporada Portades | L'accident a Rodalies, foto de portada a la premsa catalana i inexistent a l'espanyola Què és l'estreptococ A, el bacteri que té Europa en alerta El Youssef, l'aficionat del Marroc protagonista a les xarxes: «El 0,1% que trenca coses no ens representa» 1 de 10 Últimes notícies Escull una edició Catalunya Baix Montseny Baix Penedès Berguedà Garrotxa Girona Granollers Lleida Manresa Osona Pallars Reus Ripollès Rubí Sabadell Sant Cugat Solsona Tarragona Terrassa Terres de l'Ebre Suma-t'hi Newsletters La ironia del nacionalisme per Richard Antczak, 5 de gener de 2014 a les 13:50 | «La veritat és que no entenc com els catalans heu aguantat fins el 2013, jo fa sis anys que soc aquí i vull que siguem independents demà» Aquesta informació es va publicar originalment el 5 de gener de 2014 i, per tant, la informació que hi apareix fa referència a la data especificada. “España es una gran nación, con 3.000 años de historia. Eso lo tienen que saber los niños”. “España es el país más viejo de Europa, el que tiene la unidad nacional conseguida desde hace más tiempo”. “Cataluña es propiedad de todos los españoles”. “El catalán es un instrumento de separación para que los demás no les entiendan”. “Esa buena gente que emigró a Cataluña y le salen ahora sus hijos, apellidos en -ez, tontos de la estelada”. “Si vamos al choque de trenes, que se preparen los nacionalistas catalanes. Soy contrario a la intervención militar, ¡pero hombre!, hacer cumplir la ley es una obligación”. “La Alemania del primer tercio del siglo XX hacía cosas como los 90.000 fanatizados yihadistas en fase de reclutamiento de comandos suicidas del Camp Nou. Los resultados son conocidos”. “El separatismo catalán es criminal y genocida: no le importa matar a mujeres y a niñas”. “¿Diálogo con Cataluña? No. Con Hitler el diálogo no fue bien. Con un violador no hay diálogo, hay represión y castigo”. “El nacionalismo catalán es xenofobia”. “La sarta de patrañas y mentiras independentistas en escuelas va calando debido a la intoxicación en las escuelas y a las campañas goebbelianas de los medios de comunicación autonómicos”. “El egotismo carnívoro, la limpieza étnica y el genocidio en los Balcanes no son más que el ejemplo de una peste que ahora renace en Cataluña”. “Los niños del separatismo catalán iban como si fueran de las juventudes hitlerianas pero pintadas como Boixos Nois”. “Jodidos separatistas: si queréis la independencia tenéis que estar dispuestos a morir. ¿Estáis dispuestos a morir? Porque moriréis muchos”. Aquesta llista és una recopilació d’algunes de les cites que més m’agraden perquè hi ha de tot; banalització de genocidis i fets històrics, insults, acusacions i amenaces d’intervencions militars i morts. A més, totes aquestes frases tenen una cosa en comú: que defensen la democràcia. Tenint en compte que moltes d’aquestes declaracions vénen de polítics i també de presentadors i convidats de canals espanyols de prestigi, com molt bé ha defensat en senyor Rajoy, a més de ser exemples de la llibertat d’expressió només “diuen el que pensa la immensa majoria”. Clar, aquests pensaments no són nacionalistes ni xenòfobs perquè només insulten, menyspreen, difamen i falten respecte a una comunitat diferent a la seva, que vol decidir sobre el seu futur. Ni és nacionalisme agressiu negar l’existència de la cultura i la història catalana, i dir que el català és un dialecte “que no sirve para nada” és complir amb els deures democràtics. Fins i tot és lícit que els no nacionalistes banalitzin el nazisme, el feixisme, el terrorisme i genocidis en la defensa de la unitat espanyola. I és clar que la defensa de la unió no és nacionalista sinó que és protegir allò que és democràtic i just. Diguem que mantenir la unió és la versió espanyola del Manifest Destiny nord-americà, però en el cas espanyol el compliment de la voluntat de Déu no és l’expansió sinó la unió. A més de trivialitzar la història sempre és bo fer apologia del nazisme i del feixisme lliurant medalles a excombatents i mantenint els memorials de vells herois (gens nacionalistes!) que van derrotar el vell enemic “rojo-separatista-judio-masón”. Se m’ha notat la ironia? Espero que sí, no vull confondre a ningú. La realitat és que no entenc com pot existir gent que pensa així. És com si els feixismes europeus haguessin decidit fabricar una màquina del temps quan tot estava perdut. El fet que algú no sigui independentista no em molesta, és la decisió, que democràticament li correspon. No obstant, comparar un poble, que de moment s’ha manifestat democràticament i pacíficament i que només demana el dret a l’autodeterminació, amb el nazisme o amenaçar-lo amb la violència és lamentable. Malauradament, vivim en un país on el franquisme encara resta palѐs i fins i tot mana. El PP és el descendent directe de la FET y de las JONS i no parlem del PSOE, on si posseeixes les virtuts ultranacionalistes i ultracatòliques podràs arribar a ser un ministre o el president. La veritat és que no entenc com els catalans heu aguantat fins el 2013, jo fa sis anys que soc aquí i vull que siguem independents demà. Així doncs, prefereixo ser titllat de nacionalista separatista que de unionista no nacionalista. Mostra el teu compromís amb Nació. Fes-te'n subscriptor per només 59,90€ a l'any, perquè és el moment de fer pinya. Fes-te'n subscriptor Richard Antczak Anglès catalanòfil de 23 anys, originalment de Londres però que des del 2008 ha viscut a Sabadell. Estudiant d’Història a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona especialitzant-se en història contemporània de Sud-amèrica. Treballa com a professor d’anglѐs. També és amant de la història de Catalunya i aspirant a escriptor. Més articles de l'autor 23/12/2014 Sort que en tenim de la Fiscalia de delictes d'odi i discriminació 07/11/2014 El món paral·lel de l'unionisme 23/10/2014 Regles sense joc 14/10/2014 El dia de la Hispanitat 09/09/2014 «Libres e iguales» o «Conquistados y asimilados»? 24/07/2014 En defensa del bilingüisme 06/06/2014 Joc de trons 06/05/2014 Enveja d'Antioquia 28/02/2014 José «Pepe» Mujica 28/01/2014 «What has happened to Spain?» Veure'n més Ara a portada Els pressupostos acceleren en paral·lel a la reforma de la malversació a Madrid El Youssef, l'aficionat del Marroc protagonista a les xarxes: «El 0,1% que trenca coses no ens representa» La Moncloa manté el recurs a la llei antidesnonaments catalana per la falta d’un acord a última hora El més llegit 1 Sanitat, en alerta per estreptococs: es confirmen les dues primeres morts a l'Estat 2 Forcen un aterratge d'emergència al Prat i 28 persones fugen de l'avió 3 Què és l'estreptococ A, el bacteri que té Europa en alerta 4 Un tren xoca contra un cotxe que havia caigut a les vies a Reus 5 Els Mossos detenen un sergent i un caporal per embutxacar‑se diners d'un operatiu Participació Veure comentaris A saragossà Per Dabit el 7 de gener de 2014 a les 18:39 8 0 És veritat que ni tots els espanyols sou de dretes ni feixistes, ni molt menys. Però també és veritat que quan se'ns menysprea, insulta i agredeix com als exemples que ha posat el Richard, heu deixat que siguin aquestes les opinions col·lectives que transmeteu, com si us sentíssiu més còmodes amb aquestes veus que amb la defensa dels catalans com a comunitat nacional diferenciada de la castellana. Tota la nostra defensa ha recaigut sobre nosaltres mateixos, des de fora de Catalunya no hem tingut cap suport visible. I així fins que hem cregut, i (espero que) majoritàriament creiem, que l'entesa ja no és possible i les dues úniques opcions que ens queden són el sotmetiment i la humiliació o la independència. El teu darrer paràgraf indica que tu has arribat a la mateixa conclusió que jo: l'entesa ja no sembla possible. Si no agrada, és que pica... Per Lordjim el 7 de gener de 2014 a les 17:49 6 0 L´article està molt bé. es breu, però clar i esclaridor per qui vulgui veure les coses en les seves autèntiques dimensions. En quant al tal Ivan, em sembla increible que una persona que ha estudiat història (és a dir, una disciplina humanista, on cal al menys una mica de ment oberta) pugui destilar tanta rabia, odi i menyspreu vers les opinions alienes, siguin de qui siguin i provinguin d´on provinguin. això per no parlar de la baixa qualitat dels epitets que dedica als qui ataca, amb poc fonaments i menys arguments. Es el mal de l´espanyolisme cegat i mal digerit. Benvolgut Richard Per Anònim el 7 de gener de 2014 a les 17:14 16 0 No t'amoïnis pel tal Iván. Jo molts dies li dic : "Iván, ves a relaxar-te a les illes Caiman". No creguis que es historiador, més be un xitxarel·lo que s'autodefineix com català espanyol quan en realitat es com tu molt be li dius, un nacionalista espanyol. Qualsevol altra comentari sobra. pudor de subvenció Per saragossà el 7 de gener de 2014 a les 15:40 1 24 Sincerament crec que és un article sesgat i de baixa qualitat, des del total respecte al mateix. Dones una imatge dels espanyols com si tots fòssim feixistes, i estiguèssim al·lineats amb la dreta. No obstant, suposo que aquesta image és el que interessa vendre. La convivència no genera ingresos, la confrontació sí. No obstant això t´agradeixo la teva campanya per la independència. A hores d´ara a la resta d´Espanya (inclòs els que pertanyem a l´esquerra) estem farts de la clase política catalana. Els volem fora d´una vegada! Segueix així!! Com que volem que es vagin d´una vegada, tots els esforços són benvinguts. Expansions Per Anònim el 7 de gener de 2014 a les 15:16 1 29 Ja, ja, “res d'expansions” dices, Richard. Anda, date una vuelta por la Franja Oriental de Aragón o por la Comunidad Valenciana, hablas con la gente, y a ver qué te dice la inmensísima mayoría. Están hartos de las ansias expansionistas del pancatalanismo, tan ridículas como si los españoles reclamáramos que Chile es España porque hablan español. Exacte Per Anònim el 7 de gener de 2014 a les 13:42 5 0 Estic d'acord en tot el teu article. Ivan Per Richard el 6 de gener de 2014 a les 23:44 29 0 No em parlis d'Irlanda ja conec prou be la seva historia, la meva avia era irlandesa. Gracies pels insults i per comparar-nos amb terroristes i nazis. Molt ironic quan un nacionalista espanyol fa aquestes comparacions tenint en compte el llegat historic del nacionalisme espanyol. Com a historiador hauries de saber (entre altres coses) que els nazis volien reconstruir el vell imperi germanic que seria conegut com el Tercer Reich (primer Reich S.X fins al S.XIX i el segon Reich 1871 fins 1918) i volien expandir i conquerir l'est d'Europa per crear Lebensraum (espai per viure per la raça suprema). Era un moviment nacionalista per recuperar l'orgull nacional alemany i per acabar amb aquells que van portar la nació alemanya a la ruina el 1918 (jueus i comunistes). No cal dir el nacionalisme catala vol la separació per poder crear un nou estat. Res d'expansions i conquestes, i res d'antisemitisme. A més, em sorpren que un "historiador" banalitza el nazisme. El 1933 el meu avi d'origen polones vivia a Hamburg, no va sofrir tant com altres pero diguem que la teva trivilització no li hauria fet gaire gracia. Pero suposo que t'he de donar les gracies pel teu comentari perque em dona la rao. Moltes gracies! Per María Pérez Moreno el 6 de gener de 2014 a les 21:14 10 0 Gracies Richard, per el teu article!! Sabía que és deian coses monstruoses de nosaltres, però algunes encara m'han deixat perplexa!! Com es pot dir tantes barbaritats i quedar-se tan amples, DEU MEU!!! Listo Per Anònim el 6 de gener de 2014 a les 20:27 1 45 Muy bien, Richard, veo que has aprendido muy pronto lo que tienes que decir para llegar lejos en Cataluña. Chico listo. En cuánto a tu extenso listado de agravios del principio, sin salir de este mismo diario puedes encontrar otro en sentido contrario sin esforzarte demasiado. Pero hay que querer, claro y además, te arriesgas al ninguneo, como todo el que se sale de la doctrina oficial, Boadella, Loquillo, de Azúa...... Per a "Es lo que hay" Per Panellet el 6 de gener de 2014 a les 15:15 18 0 Dius: 1) "Tu lo que tendrias que estar es en tu pais que en este entierro nadie te ha dado vela". 2) "Otro que viene de fuera a cobrar de la G..." He, he.... I tu de quin país vens? T'has integrat en el país que t'ha acollit? Si més no, en Richard Antczak estima aquest país, n'ha après la llengua, n'està orgullós i s'hi ha integrat. I tu? T'ho diré jo: en el cas que visquis entre nosaltres, no deixes d'ésser un colonitzador que ens voldria exterminats i desapareguts de la faç de la terra. Sí+Sí- Sabes que? Per Iván el 6 de gener de 2014 a les 14:58 0 50 Eres un payaso. Lástia que yo estudie en la misma universidad que tu, e incluso la misma carrera que tu, me da asco la gente como tu, y encima que ni tan siquiera eres español. Es decir, que según tu, todos los españoles somos así? Oye, y porqué no vuelves a tu país, y pides explicaciones por lo que han hecho en Irlanda por ejemplo? Y todo por tener una religión diferente... Y que lección nos vas a dar tu, hipócrita? Estoy harto, muy harto, que gente extranjera venga aquí a darme lecciones. Y que encima se trague la trola separatista. Oye, y porqué no explicas lo que es el separatismo? Lo que es en realidad? Alemnos los españoles vamos de cara, pero los cobardes separatistas no van de cara, hasta hace bien poco, con metralletas, y haciendo atentados. Eso es de ser muy valientes... Hablo de Terra Lliure, como recordaréis. Y muchos lemas actuales del separatismo, son terroristas... y me vienes a hablar alguien como tu del franquismo... dice mucho de vosotros... Yo he visto gente en la UAB con camisetas que ponen: "Poble armat, poble respectat", o "Visca Terra Lliure!". Eso que es? Explícamelo tu, ya que sabes tanto del tema.. porqué creo que democrático no es mucho... la libertad de un pueblo... pero que libertad? La que defiende una banda terrorista, y que ahora se ha inflado por culpa de una crisis económica? Demagogia+nacionalismo-separatismo catalán+crisis económica=FASCISMO=NAZISMO. Esa es la fórmula que tanto os cuesta entender. # es lo que hay. Per Anònim el 6 de gener de 2014 a les 14:07 12 0 No et posis trascendent que, ben aviat, podràs dir "es lo que habia". Els de pensament com tu, esteu condemnats a viure la plantofada política i social més espectacular des de la "caiguda del mur de Berlín". Aneu-vos preparant tots els fatxes fatxendes com tu! Al de les 20:30 i 20:31 d'ahir Per Anònim el 6 de gener de 2014 a les 13:07 8 0 No cal afegir res més, has restat ben "retratat". N'hi ha que sou el què no hi ha. Quina pena que fas! Por Per Heròdot el 6 de gener de 2014 a les 12:00 13 0 Richard:el motiu d'aguantar tant és senzillament la por.Des de Espartero s Peces-Barba passant per Azaña,se'ns recorda continuament que a Barcelona se l'ha de bombardejar de tant en tant.Hi ho han fet diverses vegades.Afegeix la incertesa davant de la reacció de bona part dela població provinent d'Espanya ( tot i que jo sóc nét de castellans!). És el que hi ha Per YuriBCN el 6 de gener de 2014 a les 05:43 22 1 Un exemple del que parla l'article, es lo que hay. A més a més, xenofòbia davant de la inclusió oberta de l'independentisme! El problema és la síndrome d'Estocolm Per Anònim el 6 de gener de 2014 a les 04:05 22 0 Anys de brutal repressió van donar el seu fruit. Mira el Pais Valencià, quina merda està fet. Aqui però, encara hi ha esperança. Internet ho ha canviat tot, ara ho tenen molt més dificil per rentar-nos el cervell. Ells ho saben i miraran d'arreplegar el que puguin, com Serbia va fer. Potser es volen quedar amb Tarragona, o voldran fe de Cornellà i l'Hospitalet un ghetto de resistència (violenta es clar, com és el seu estil). Però sigui com sigui, les coses no seran mai més com abans. I ells ho saben molt be. El geni ha sortit de la lampada i no tornarà a entrar-hi. PER "ES LO QUE HAY" Per Jordi Cortacans el 5 de gener de 2014 a les 22:02 50 1 Gràcies per les teves paraules vers Richard Antczak.Has fet palès tot el seu article amb dues males ratlles.Et felicito,fill.Ningú amb tan poques ratlles s'ha retratat tant amb tant poc espai. ESPANYA N'ÉS SINÒNIM D'ANIHILACIÓ I ESPOLI .. PROVES A DOLL ! Per Narcís1 el 5 de gener de 2014 a les 21:21 30 1 Felicitats!, car no n'és possible: 1. ser més objectiu, diàfan i clar i net ( text ràpid/ lleuger de llegir)! 2. sintetitzar millor allò que sempre ha estat espanya i .. amb ses pròpies paraules! PD: són professionals del ' capgirament ' o traslladà'ns-e ses misèries! Nota: la descaradura, el desvergonyiment i el cinisme n'és sa defensa/ ofensa que no pas el raonament! Anotació al marge: creu-me, no hi ha res a fer! .. la fatxenderia d'allò més artificial, la violació i la pirateria ensems amb la por de romandre orfes, tot plegat, escampant-hi sang prepotentment i covard, n'és la qualitat/ identitat d'aquest estat! es lo que hay Per Anònim el 5 de gener de 2014 a les 20:31 4 85 otro que viene de fuera a cobrar de la generalitat y los separratas. otro mamon. es lo que hay Per Anònim el 5 de gener de 2014 a les 20:30 4 89 tu lo que tendrias que estar es en tu pais que en este entierro nadie te ha dado vela. Gràcies, pel teu parer Richard Per Anònim el 5 de gener de 2014 a les 19:52 42 0 Tens tota la raó, però, la síndrome d'Estocolm, l'auto-odi, el menysteniment de la llengua i cultura pròpies, la infravaloració com a nació, la por... han fet estralls durant generacions del nostre país. Per una altra banda cada ocasió que hi ha hagut similar a aquesta en els darrers 300 anys, des de Madrid ha estat contestada i sufocada amb repressió, prohibicions, violència, exilis forçats, dictadures i la força de les armes o tot plegat alhora. Ara al segle XXI i dins de la Unió Europea, Espanya, ho té més complicat per a fer el què sempre ens ha fet. Això explica ben segur moltes de les (no) reaccions actuals des de Madrid. I hi ha qui encara no ho té clar Per Emma el 5 de gener de 2014 a les 19:15 27 1 Molt bó, l'article. La recopilació del començament és demolidora. Cal que es difongui als mitjans internacionals la banalitat dels arguments unionistes. Un cop de mà amb ironia britànica seria perfecte. Gràcies! I hi ha qui encara no ho té clar Per Emma el 5 de gener de 2014 a les 18:58 46 1 Molt bó, l'article. La recopilació del començament és demolidora. Cal que es difongui als mitjans internacionals la banalitat dels arguments unionistes. Un cop de mà amb ironia britànica seria perfecte. Gràcies!

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It's a bit hard to stick the name of the inventor on the car. It is even thought that the ancient Egyptians had wagons that were pushed forward by the wind thanks to sails. But many claim Ferdinand Verbiest as the inventor of the car. In 1672 he designed the first motorized vehicle. Ferdinand Verbiest was born in 1623 in the village of Pittem, near Kortrijk. The inventor of the car was therefore a Belgian! In 1641, Verbiest joined the Jesuits. He went to Seville where he went to study theology. He completed those studies in Rome where he also studied astronomy. Verbiest wanted to do missionary work in Central America, but that never happened. He was sent by the church to the Far East where the people were urged to convert to Catholics because Protestantism was on the rise in Europe. Ferdinand Verbiest Verbiest was much more than a missionary in China, he was involved in mathematics and astronomy and proved at the court of Emperor Kangxi that European astronomy was much more accurate than Chinese. He also improved the Chinese calendar and was later asked to help build the old Beijing observatory and then add to it. There he became, among other things, head of the mathematical administration and head of the observatory. He became good friends with Emperor Kangxi, who asked him to help him learn about geometry, philosophy, and music. The first car ever design Verbiest also experimented with steam. Around 1672 he made a cart for the emperor that worked on steam. It was most likely the first "vehicle" that worked on steam. Although it was only 65 cm in size, it was never intended to carry human passengers. It was more a scale model that served as a toy for the emperor. It is not known whether this scale model has been worked out in actual size. Share Get link Facebook Twitter Pinterest Email Other Apps Share Get link Facebook Twitter Pinterest Email Other Apps Popular posts from this blog Belgian kids got to drink beer during their school lunch By Harry fabel There are almost 800 different kinds of beer in Belgium. One kind was very popular till the70's, it was even given to kids at school during their lunch break. Beer to kids? You must be kidding! Well, let's go a bit further into this. The beers we are talking about were so-called table beers, a kind of beer that was specially made for people who can't drink alcohol. So it's was a kind of alcohol-free beer, a kind, because there was some alcohol in it. between 1 and 4 percent alcohol. The most popular table beer was Piedboeuf, it had 1.1 percent alcohol in it and there was a lot of sugar added to make it as sweet as Coca-Cola. A good marketing strategy made that it was well distributed in almost all schools in Belgium. The reason was that it would be very healthy for them, because of the natural ingredients and of course the sugar. It would make them grow fast and strong. It would even be good for pregnant women and for women that were breastfeeding their baby' Share Get link Facebook Twitter Pinterest Email Other Apps Read more How the Belgians founded New York By Harry fabel In order to avoid any confusion in this story, it is important to know that in the sixteenth century, the Netherlands covered a part of northern France and Lorraine, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the present Netherlands. Its inhabitants were called the Belgians, and the maps represented the country in the shape of a lion: the "Leo Belgicus". Besides, numerous maps from the sixteenth century showed this territory under the name of Belgium. The latter failed into disuse for the benefit of the Netherlands and only reappeared in 1789 on the occasion of the first Belgian revolution. In 1831 Belgium became an independent country. Today Belgium is a lot smaller and is divided into two big regions mostly based on the language they speak in that particular region. In the north, there is Flanders where they speak Flemish (Dutch) and in the south, there is the Walloon part where they speak French. Almost in the center and between the two parts is the region of the capital Brussels. Share Get link Facebook Twitter Pinterest Email Other Apps Read more Belgium has the largest chocolate factory in the world By Harry fabel The largest chocolate factory in the world is located in Wieze, Belgium. Barry Callebaut produces around 270,000 tonnes a year, from cocoa bean to chocolate, making it the largest chocolate supplier in the world. Picture by Pixabay In Wieze you will also find the first of the seventeen Chocolate Academy centers that have since been distributed all over the world. A completely new building was recently opened, making the Chocolate Academy center in Wieze the largest center in the world. Picture by Pixabay The Belgian chocolate sector exports its quality chocolate to the entire world. Two-thirds of both the industrial chocolate and the end products are exported abroad. That's because there is a Belgian chocolate code developed in 2007. The Belgian chocolate code must ensure that the term 'Belgian chocolate' is only used for chocolate that actually comes from Belgium.

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Whether you’re looking to cinch in your waistline, drop a couple of pounds, or enjoy all the delightful benefits of eating healthy, grilled recipes can come in handy. As you … Read more Categories Healthy Recipes 25 Healthy Pasta Recipes with Chicken October 3, 2022 by meg Pasta is one of the most widely-consumed meals in the world. Traditionally made from wheat, it’s easy to prepare and delicious, especially when paired with something like chicken. Due to … Read more Categories Dinner, Healthy Recipes Healthy Recipes with Turkey Mince October 3, 2022 September 27, 2022 by meg Turkey is one of the healthiest, most versatile, and most delicious meats. This is perhaps why it rarely misses on the thanksgiving dinner table. But you don’t have to wait … Read more Categories Healthy Recipes, Dinner 25 Healthy Turkey Breast Recipes September 27, 2022 September 23, 2022 by meg There is no doubt that Turkey meat is one of the most popular servings during feasts. According to research, people consumed about 5.3 billion pounds of Turkey meat in 2019 … Read more Categories Dinner, Healthy Recipes 25 Easy Healthy Chicken Breast Recipes to Lose Weight September 20, 2022 by meg Chicken meat is a popular delicacy worldwide and for a good reason. The meat is nourishing, delicious, and a cinch to make. Plus, it’s hard to mess up a chicken … Read more Categories Healthy Recipes 25 Delicious Healthy Traeger Recipes September 20, 2022 by meg When most people picture healthy food, their mind’s eye conjures jaded recipes prepared with bland ingredients and stifled flavors. But all that’s about to change. Picture a juicy steak dripping … Read more Categories Healthy Recipes Healthy Meal Prep Ideas for Weight loss September 13, 2022 September 6, 2022 by meg Meal prepping for weight loss makes eating good food easy and convenient. Here are 25 Meal prep ideas for weight loss that are fast and easy to make! Let’s Begin … Read more Categories Healthy Recipes 25 Healthy Spinach Salad Recipes For Weight Loss September 13, 2022 August 16, 2022 by meg Spinach is one of the healthiest vegetables around. Those wrinkled, curly leaves are packed with vitamins and minerals, like Vitamins A, C, and K, and iron, potassium, and folate. They’re … Read more Categories Healthy Recipes Almond Butter Smoothie Ideas for Weight Loss October 12, 2022 August 4, 2022 by meg There are many reasons to add almond butter to your smoothie. Almond butter is a good source of healthy fats, protein, and fiber. It can help to make your smoothie … Read more Categories Smoothies, Healthy Recipes 5 Super Simple & Healthy Ice Cream Recipes August 12, 2022 July 29, 2022 by meg With summer already here, there’s nothing quite like cooling down with a nice ice cream. However, as most ice cream lovers know, it’s not always the healthiest option. If you’re … Read more Categories Dessert, Healthy Recipes 3 Homemade Healthy Granola Recipes To Try July 29, 2022 by meg Granola is a popular breakfast food that is often marketed as healthy, but store-bought granolas are often packed full of sugar. If you’re looking to make your own healthy homemade … Read more Categories Breakfast, Healthy Recipes How To Make Green Smoothies For Weight Loss July 29, 2022 by meg One of the easiest and most healthy ways to enjoy a meal is by having a smoothie, and today we’ll take a look at some of the healthiest green smoothies … Read more Categories Breakfast, Healthy Recipes 14 Easy To Make Healthy Grill Recipes That Are Delicious July 30, 2022 July 29, 2022 by meg One of the Tastiest ways to make food is to grill it, and today we will explore some of the healthiest recipes that can be grilled for a wide variety … Read more Categories Dinner, Healthy Recipes 7 Best Green Salad Recipes To Try Today July 29, 2022 by meg There’s nothing better on a warm summer’s day than a refreshing and tasty salad. Not only are they delicious, but they are a great way to get your veggies and … Read more Categories Lunch, Healthy Recipes 4 of the Best And Easy To Make Healthy Pumpkin Pie Recipes August 12, 2022 July 29, 2022 by meg Pumpkin pies are one of the best seasonal dishes to make not just because of how tasty they are with their sweet and creamy flavor mixed in with some spice, … Read more Categories Dinner, Healthy Recipes 5 Best Avocado Toast Recipes To Try Today July 29, 2022 by meg Avocado is great in salads, smoothies, and is perfect to enjoy on your morning toast. If you’re new to making avocado toast, and are in need of some recipes, look … Read more Categories Breakfast, Healthy Recipes Easy Healthy Taco Recipes You Should Try September 4, 2022 July 29, 2022 by meg Tacos certainly are a fan favorite, with their crunchy shells and wide mixture of ingredients, sauces and spices, it is usually considered one of those dishes we know isn’t the … Read more Categories Dinner, Healthy Recipes The Perfect Summer Salad Recipes August 11, 2022 July 29, 2022 by meg When the weather starts to warm and the sun is shining brightly in the sky, a hot meal can be the last thing on your mind. If you’ve ever grown … Read more Categories Lunch, Healthy Recipes 4 Easy To Make Healthy Soup Recipes With Chicken July 29, 2022 by meg Soup is one of the best nutritional foods out there, it’s a great way to stay hydrated and full and can be mixed with an entire range of other ingredients, … Read more Categories Dinner, Healthy Recipes Healthy Oatmeal Recipes To Lose Weight September 13, 2022 July 29, 2022 by meg Oatmeal is a fantastic option for weight loss as it’s hearty, delicious, and keeps you full right until lunch! If you’re stuck for inspiration when it comes to making your … Read more Categories Breakfast, Healthy Recipes 7 Healthy Cupcakes To Try Today August 6, 2022 July 29, 2022 by meg Cupcakes are not only adorable, but they’re also wonderful comfort food. Had a bad day at work? Pick up some cupcakes on your way home. Is your friend going through … Read more Categories Baking, Healthy Recipes About Me Hi, I’m Meg, having been eating and cooking low-carb healthy recipes for nearly ten years now. I set this blog up to showcase best healthy recipes that I have tried, tested and enjoyed over the years.

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Fragments de l’esdevenir (Abstract Emotions, 2021) és el cinquè àlbum d’estudi del grup de death metal de Terrassa Vidres a la Sang, anomenat així per un dels versos del poeta Miquel Martí i Pol. El… Disc Els nous cants d’Ósserp mostren quant ha avançat el grup Vlad Hostyuk 22 d'agost de 2022 10 Els nous cants de la Sibil·la (Autoeditat, 2022) és el tercer àlbum d’estudi del quartet de grindcore Ósserp. Arriba 5 anys després de la seua publicació anterior Al meu pas s’alça la mort (Autoeditat, 2017),… Disc Vrademargk du el death metal més enllà amb “Arrelats” Vlad Hostyuk 27 de setembre de 2021 45 Arrelats (Autoeditat, 2021) és el tercer àlbum complet de Vrademargk, un grup de death metal de Terrassa amb 18 anys de trajectòria. El disc arriba després de Transition to nowhere (2010) i The black chamber… Disc “Eterna”: el debut que Saüc que ha sobreviscut a la pandèmia Vlad Hostyuk 16 de setembre de 2021 88 Eterna (RockCd Records, 2021) és l’elapé debut de la banda lleidatana de rock dur i metal alternatiu Saüc. És un disc que començaren ja començaren a enregistrar a mitjans de 2019 als Nomad Studios, però,… Actualitat Laura Martínez Folch 11 de juliol de 2021 42 La banda de rock balaguerina ha estrenat el passat dia 7 nou senzill anomenat “El Guerrer”. Aquest es presenta com un avançament del primer disc de Saüc, el qual es publicarà el 20 de juliol… Grups Tro: heavy metal català en l’oblit Vlad Hostyuk 13 de maig de 2021 173 Moltes vegades, en la tasca d’un o una periodista musical, arriba el moment de parlar sobre un artista o grup que la seua trajectòria ha durat a penes uns anys, la seua discografia és quasi… Grups Red Soil: melodeath vila-realenc de categoria internacional Vlad Hostyuk 4 de març de 2021 65 Red Soil és un grup de death-metal melòdic procedent de Vila-real. El formen els guitarristes Aitor Yerbes i Fabio Doppioni, el bateria Sergio Tierraseca, el vocalista Néstor Balaguer i el baixista Mike Skullbass; un conjunt… Grups Redcore: un projecte de post-metal valencià Vlad Hostyuk 29 d'octubre de 2020 79 Redcore és un projecte de metalcore i post-metal sorgit a principis d’aquest any, de la mà del guitarrista i compositor valencià Bruno Martínez. Va sorgir en febrer de 2020, quan baix el nom de Redcore… entrevista Novus Ordo: “El ‘braincore’ reflexa un canvi en la nostra música i en la manera d’escriure” Enric Moll 12 de desembre de 2019 89 Hui parlem amb el grup valencià Novus Ordo arran de la publicació del seu últim disc Un último aliento. Abans que res volia parlar sobre les novetats que hi ha hagut en la banda pel…

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Mulet: “El Govern contesta amb evasives per a eludir comprometre's amb la millora del servei de trens en plena pandèmia” - Valencia noticies Home Comunitat Alacant Castellò València Educació Revista València ciutat Sports Contactar Login Upgrade Home Comunitat Alacant Castellò València Educació Revista València ciutat Sports Contactar No Result View All Result Home Comunitat Alacant Castellò València Educació Revista València ciutat Sports Contactar No Result View All Result No Result View All Result Home Comunitat Mulet: “El Govern contesta amb evasives per a eludir comprometre’s amb la millora del servei de trens en plena pandèmia” by Noticies en Valencià enero 12, 2021 in Comunitat 0 333 SHARES 2k VIEWS Share on FacebookShare on Twitter La coalició considera “indigna” una resposta a qüestions concretes de problemes en trens que deriva als PGE MADRID, 12 de gener de 2021 “Ho han tornat a fer. Quan no interessa, contesten amb frases que no diuen res o bé et deriven als Pressupostos Generals de l’Estat”, ha lamentat el senador de Compromís, Carles Mulet. “Ens sembla indigne que preguntem pel compliment de tots i cadascun dels punts aprovats que formaven part de la moció de Compromís aprovada en la Comissió de Transport, les mesures concretes, terminis i consignació per a millorar i normalitzar el servei ferroviari, com reclamen les plataformes d’afectats i la seua resposta és que el que diuen els Pressupostos Generals de l’Estat”, ha lamentat. La moció aprovada per la unanimitat dels grups, excepte el PSOE, reclamava: PRIMER.- Restablir la normalitat com a mínim amb el núnero de trens de mitjana distància i regionals anterior a la crisi de la Covid 19 i, en la mesura de les possibilitats, augmentar-los per les especials circumstàncies de la crisi sanitària. SEGON.- Abordar amb totes les empreses i institucions implicades (Renfe, Adif, Ministeri de Foment, ajuntaments i comunitats autònomes) la millora en la puntualitat en la xarxa, ja que són nombrosos els trens que arriben amb retard i que pateixen cancel·lacions, la qual cosa aquestá implicant una baixada en el núnero d’usuaris fruit de la minva en la qualitat del servei. TERCER.- Apostar pel tren com a mitjà de transport col·lectiu ecològic, segur i sostenible per a fer front al repte de l’emergència climática i la necessitat de reduir les emissions que provoca l’ús del transport privat. QUART.- Instar al Govern de l’Estat que mantinga el projecte de pressupostos per a 2019 que contempla una partida global per a Rodalia, per a recuperar les inversions que s’han vingut escatimant durant anys, al temps que controlen que les partides pressupostàries s’inverteixen en el que realment es necessita: la millora del servei de Rodalia Renfe/Adif. CINQUÈ.- Que el Ministeri de Foment prioritze la inversió en la millora de les líneas de Rodalia per a destinar recursos a personal, infraestructures i manteniment (electrificar totes les líneas, doblar línies en tots els trajectes que ho necessiten, prolongar-les per a connectar ciutats/zones amb alta densitat de població …). Aquesta mesura és absolutament necessària si es volen aconseguir els Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible que marca l’Agenda 2030, subscrita per Espanya en la cimera de l’ONU de setembre de 2015. SISÈ.- Que es faça una reducció general en els preus de tots els títols de transport; que els abonaments de 10 viatges tinguen una vigència anual en lloc de mensual, com ja ocorre en altres mitjans de transport, i que oferisquen altres modalitats de bitllet destinades a les persones que fan ús del transport ferroviari en els seus desplaçaments als llocs de treball o estudis. SETÈ.- Que s’optimitze la gestió dels torns en hores punta, amb gran acumulació de gent en l’estació. VUITÈ.- Que s’establisca un únic canal centralitzat i coordinat d’informació a l’usuari, de manera que es puguen conèixer les incidències del servei de forma més eficient. I que aquest servei comunique sempre i de manera regular les incidències que puguen alterar l’horari establit, tant per megafonía de l’estació com per megafonía del tren, panells informatius i xarxes socials. NOVÈ.- Que existisca una bona coordinació entre les entitats Renfe i Adif, ja que en moltes ocasions l’argument que utilitza Renfe Rodalia per a justificar els retards és que aquests són causats per la regulació del trànsit ferroviari o qualsevol altra cosa competència d’Adif, rentant-se les mans contínuament davant les freqüents i molestes incidències que pateixen. Aquesta coordinació és necessària per al correcte compliment dels horaris i per a poder informar puntualment de les eventuals incidències que puguen sorgir i ocasione el seu incompliment. DESÈ.- Que es pose a disposición dels usuaris un canal on-line unificat de suggeriments/reclamacions de Renfe/Adif. Els usuaris no han de ser coneixedors de les competències de cada entitat a l’hora de realitzar les seues queixes i/o reclamacions. “Amb actituds i respostes com la donada pel Govern, a més d’una falta de respecte pel Senat com a cambra de representació suposa un evident menyspreu a totes les formacions que plantegen accions, també als senadors de les formacions que estan en el Govern. Urgeixen actuacions per a retornar a la xarxa ferroviària la qualitat i seguretat que hi havia abans de la pandèmia i, especialment, un respecte a l’usuari, que s’ha perdut en els últims anys”, ha assenyalat Mulet, que ha anunciat la presentació de noves iniciatives per a dignificar el servei de tren convencional. Comparte esto: Twitter Facebook Me gusta esto: Me gusta Cargando... Noticies en Valencià Related Posts Comunitat El Mercat Central obri les portes de la seua TikTok i continua consolidant la seua presència en xarxes socials by Noticies en Valencià marzo 4, 2022 Comunitat Ciutadans proposa un increment de places del Cos Nacional de Policia a Paterna by Noticies en Valencià marzo 4, 2022 Comunitat Ciutadans demana més recursos humans i econòmics per a garantir la ciberseguretat en la Diputació by Noticies en Valencià febrero 11, 2022 Comunitat Ciutadans proposa l’ús de Bizum en les transaccions econòmiques amb la Diputació by Noticies en Valencià febrero 10, 2022 Comunitat La XEMV-FVMP celebrarà el Dia Mundial de la Ràdio, a Alacant, posant l’accent en el paper de servei públic i essencial desenvolupat durant la pandèmia by Noticies en Valencià febrero 8, 2022 Premium Content Acció Cultural duplica les ajudes a festivals i circuits escènics julio 5, 2020 L’Ajuntament celebra el 60 aniversari del mercat del Cabanyal amb 4.000 racions de clòtxina mayo 14, 2018 València rep sis vegades més transferències autonòmiques per a pagar servicis que en 2015 octubre 31, 2021 Browse by Category Agenda Alacant Castellò Comunitat Contingut premiun Cultura Educació Entertainment Food Menjar On menjar a València Receptes Revista Sports València València ciutat Browse by Tags Explore Bali Market Stories Pandemic Premium Stay Home United Stated Vaccine Work From Home Wuhan Notícies, actualitat, vídeos i última hora de València. Notícies de València. Categories Agenda Alacant Castellò Comunitat Contingut premiun Cultura Educació Entertainment Food Menjar On menjar a València Receptes Revista Sports València València ciutat Browse by Tag Explore Bali Market Stories Pandemic Premium Stay Home United Stated Vaccine Work From Home Wuhan Recent Posts ‘Zoom’ busca la recepta original de la paella El Mercat Central de València compleix este mes 94 anys des de la seua obertura al públic El Mercat Central obri les portes de la seua TikTok i continua consolidant la seua presència en xarxes socials

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L’Associació Catalana d’Investigacions Marxistes organitza el proper dijous 14 de gener de 2016 a les 19 h. a la Casa Orlandai un nou debat marxista a Sarrià: Marx, l’arma de la crítica Amb Joaquim Sempere Us esperem Publicat dins de Activitats, Notícies de l'ACIM | Comentaris tancats a Sessió dels debats marxistes a Sarrià

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El Carrer Malats, a Sant Andreu, va ser l'entorn on va viure la major part de la seva vida familiar i laboral en Josep Giribets i Torrent. Volem presentar unes pinzellades del seus interessos, activitats i biografía i despertar bons records, aportar informació interessant sobre una pila de coses, recollir la veu del barri tot i col.laborant en mantenir la memòria d'una època, les petites glòries d'un home com molts d'altres... però que guardava a dins una energia intelectual inmensa. Pestañas Biografia Fe i Cultura Pintura Motoritzat Filantropia Coloms i Ocells Música Tecnologia Geografia El seu Poble Com que les entrades van sortint tal com les posem, una damunt les altres, creiem que és més pràctic entrar mitjançant les pestanyes superiors, perquè l'hem estructurat de manera temàtica. Recordeu que les paraules resaltades en un color diferent son enllaços directes a temes d'interès, o a la entrada que busqueu. Cliqueu a sobre de la paraula. Gràcies per les vostres aportacions, comentaris, fotografies i preguntes. Tot serà benvingut. M. Lourdes i Josep Miquel Giribets Arnal. divendres, 18 d’abril de 2014 Immobles significatius a la vida d'en Josep La vivenda familiar al numero 17 del carrer Malats (avui numero 19), encara fa molt de goig La seu administrativa de l'empresa familiar, al numero 48 del carrer Malats, alberga a dia d'avui un altre tipus de negoci. La planta de producció, ubicada al passatge del Torrent d'Estadella, encara està operativa a dia d'avui. Publicat per carrermalats a 9:55 p. m. Cap comentari: Envia per correu electrònicBlogThis!Comparteix a TwitterComparteix a FacebookComparteix a Pinterest Missatges més recents Missatges més antics Inici Subscriure's a: Missatges (Atom) Versión en castellano http://callemalats.blogspot.com.es/ Sobre nosaltres carrermalats Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain Els fills i l'entorn de'n Josep volem compartir la varietat d'interessos culturals i intelectuals que el nostre pare va mentenir durant la seva vida. Esperem que us agradi.

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All categories Moline News Moline Parks Moline Public Works Moline Employment Photo Spotlights Photo News - Parks & Rec Tools RSS Notify Me Categories All Categories Moline News Moline Parks Moline Public Works Moline Employment Photo Spotlights Photo News - Parks & Rec News Flash Moline News Posted on: September 23, 2022 Moline purchases BridgePointe campus for future redevelopment Mayor Sangeetha Rayapati and City Administrator Bob Vitas held a press conference on Friday, September 23 to announce the acquisition, noting it will allow the City to consolidate more than 12 acres of prime property under City ownership for future development. The purchase of the property would allow the consolidation of parcels that are currently owned by Heritage Church with those that will be offered to the City by the Illinois Department of Transportation to the City under new state legislation. The City’s “right of first refusal” for excess IDOT property combined with the purchase of the Heritage Church property provides an opportunity to consolidate parcels toward thoughtful and aspirational development for the Moline riverfront. “We are thankful for the partnerships that have brought this significant opportunity to fruition and for the foresight of the City Council in approving this purchase," said Mayor Rayapati. "Our riverfront is an incredible asset for residents and visitors, and assembling property along it like this will allow for the maximum impact of our redevelopment efforts. We look forward to master planning and design as this long-term process moves forward and will be sure to continue balancing our future needs with our current responsibilities to our residents.” Heritage purchased the 119,114 square-foot former Montgomery Elevator, then Kone, building that sits on seven acres of riverfront property in 2017 to serve its congregations’ needs and to offer services to the Moline community Renew Moline assisted with the property acquisition. Renew CEO Alex Elias said master planning for future development will being immediately and be guided by the Urban Land Institute study of the area conducted last year. "We celebrate the City’s acquisition of this property as an important step in reimagining the downtown Moline’s riverfront, which is truly the City’s front porch," Elias said. "Last year, Renew and its partners at the Deere Foundation, the City and MetroLINK hired the Urban Land Institute to conduct an Advisory Panel to seek ideas for the I-74 redevelopment area. Among the top recommendations from ULI were activating the riverfront and creating memorable public spaces and destinations. The acquisition of this property by the City is an important step in fulfilling that vision."

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Two players are on the way to the goal. A nice present for all lacrosse fans! This piece can also be presented as a lacrosse trophy or sports award when you add a personalized message. If you're looking for a sports gift idea, our Lacrosse Statue is the best creative gift idea online. Personalize any item For only $15, get up to 80 characters engraved on an adhesive backed, metal plate. Add engraving text Please ensure that everything is spelled correctly as engraving is permanent. Engraved Pendant included separately. Adhesive backing allows for easy application. Please allow 5 additional business days for personalized order shipments. Skip Engraving Add Engraving Specifications Weight: 0.97 LBS Dimensions: 7.09 X 5.51 X 6.69 in Item number: 4096 Made in Germany Materials Steel, Copper Coated in a non-toxic, transparent film to preserve its luster and shine. Other gifts in the no category Collection Tennis Player Putter Baseball Handmade Products Disclaimer All of our products at Steelman24USA are individually hand made or hand crafted; they are one of a kind creations and not factory manufactured. As a result, products will have subtle variations from one piece to the next, caused by availability of components as well as the hand crafting process. The images, descriptions and measurements you will find on our site have been used to best portray the products we sell. We must advise that although we try our utmost to remain completely honest, the information due to the nature of our products can not be 100% accurate. We like to celebrate the unique nature of each and every single product we sell, as well as the desirability that goes with the knowledge that you are buying a one off, hand crafted item. The Steelman Story 100% Handmade Each Steelman 24 metal figure is welded together one at a time by a skilled craftsman. This ensures the highest standards of quality and makes every individual metal figure unique in character. Skillfully Crafted Steelman 24 metal figures are first designed on paper. Then a craftsman takes the initial idea and breathes life into these bits of steel and copper so that your metal figure is built to last for many decades. The Perfect Gift Steelman 24 metal figures make a perfect gift for anyone. We have created hundreds of scenes so that every aspect of life is reflected and your special someone can enjoy a treasure that will speak to what their passions are.

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More: Unfortunately Ghost has passed away from cancer after his birthday this year. I have had several greyhounds share my life and too many have succumbed to cancer.

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There are times when your Aries woman might seem quite distant to you. And you are left wondering where did you go wrong. There could be many reasons for this behavior of hers. There are high chances that her attention has been diverted to someone else. Going through this article will make you understand whether an Aries woman has become distant or is just having a mood swing. Signs of Aries woman is becoming distant Here are some signs of an Aries woman getting distant, identified by our expert counselors: Not being present In every relationship an Aries woman ever has, she needs to be present for her family, friends, or her partner. She needs to be physically present for you to understand you better. If she has decided to not be an active member in your life, check out what is bothering her. This does not mean that she is done with you. It means that she has been hurt by something that you do not realize. Find out and quickly rectify your mistake. She takes a long to respond While having a conversation with an Aries woman, if she does not respond a lot, there is a high chance that she does not know what to say. You should not feel that she does not want to talk to you though. Maybe she is focused on a task more important to her than the conversation she’s having with you. But if this behavior continues, you need to find out the reason. It could be because she is not interested in the topic you people are talking about or she just does not want to talk to you. She ignores your messages There are chances when an Aries woman gets distant, she will not reply to your calls or messages. When she does pick up your call, she will vaguely respond with “Oh the phone was on silent.” Moreover, she will just ignore it. These signs mean that she simply does not want to communicate with you. She is finding a way out of her relationship with you maybe? Well, you need to talk it out. Try another way though, because she is not going to pick up the phone. She ghosts you When you have been talking to her for a long time, and she suddenly starts avoiding you, it is maybe something (or someone) better than you have caught her attention. She is now paying attention to that new addition in her life. Or maybe she is just not interested in you and your conversations together. She does not bother that you feel sad. An Aries woman will do what she likes to do. No one can tell her anything otherwise. She responds with short replies An Aries woman will not be shy to hide her lack of interest in you. When she does reply, she will reply with a ‘hmm’ or an ‘ok’ or a mere ‘k’. this behavior of hers is normal when she either does not like the topic of conversation or she does not like that person. Another reason could be that you are new to her and she is shy. Or she is just plain annoyed and talking to you is just a formality for her to follow. Under all these circumstances, she will give short replies only. What should you do? If an Aries woman has decided to be distant to you, there is something that is bugging her. You could feel that her removing you from her life is a very unjust move. But, there certainly are things that made her feel that you were not doing any good to her. Let her take her time to decide whether she does want to sort things out with you or if it is the end. When is an Aries Woman done with you? An Aries woman distancing herself from you is very different from when she is done with you. She will show changes in her behavior towards you before eventually breaking up with you. Reading ahead will tell you all the signs an Aries woman will showcase. Neglectful The most apparent thing you will notice when an Aries woman’s behavior changes are that her focus will not be on you anymore. There are chances that she will cancel plans with you at the last minute. She will also ignore your calls and texts. An Aries woman will focus her energy somewhere she finds interesting rather than on you. She will be happy when she is not with you. She will start socializing more and spending time with other people instead of you. You will understand that she will soon break up with you. Dismissive An Aries woman will dismiss any kind of requests you keep. She would not want to meet you in any case. Once she has decided that you are not the one who gives her pleasure, she will not care about your feelings at all. If you still do not get her hints of not wanting to be with you, she will make you feel small with her words. She will show you how unimportant you are for her. She will give snide comments on everything you do, every decision you make hoping that now you will understand. Cruel When an Aries woman does not like you anymore, she will show you her wild side (not the one she shows while in bed though!) she knows all about you, your past, your darkest secrets, your insecurities, and whatnot. If you do any harm to her feelings, get ready for the backlash because she will leave no stone unturned. Everything information will be used against you. Her words will hurt you even after the end of your relationship. Critical She starts criticising every small action you do. Every fight or argument will be blown out of proportion. She might even come across as a hypocrite criticising you on topics in which she also lacks experience. An Aries woman does this because she wants you to leave her alone. She would want you to end this relationship before she does. But if you do handle all her criticism, it will show her that you want to stay. This may keep your relationship alive? Who knows! Wicked An Aries woman is someone who can be quite wicked. When she realizes that she cannot stay with you anymore, she will hang by just to make you feel small. She will not leave any chance to abuse you if it is your fault that she has fallen out of love with you, An Aries woman will blame you for her reduced social circle. For having no one in her life she can rely on. She will stay with you only to damage your self-worth. She will wait till the time it gets too much for you and leaves when you are destroyed. Signs of an Aries Woman is rejecting you? Sometimes, people leave. The same thing stands for an Aries woman too. Why will she reject someone is her personal choice. Looking at these signs will make you realize that an Aries woman is not into you and wants to reject you. She will put you on a pedestal An Aries Woman will sideline you and live her life filled with fun and adventure. She will start spending time with her friends instead of you. That right there is downright rejection. She is not jealous anymore An Aries woman gets jealous when a stranger comes and talks to her man. more so when someone tries to flirt with you. But when she realises that she does not care about you anymore, not an ounce of jealousy will be found. She is too blunt to handle She was already blunt, since the start. But she did consider your feelings and started mending her way of talking to you. But when she is done with you, she would not care. She will speak her heart out and it will be worse the before. She flirts with others… …except you. You are not good enough for her anymore. She will now focus her time and energy on someone she feels is worthy of it. And she will not be bothered about how you feel about this change of behavior of yours. She is always busy There was a time where she spent every possible minute of her time with you. Giving you attention, taking care of you. But now she is too busy somewhere else. She just does not have time to spend with you. Maybe because she is spending it with someone better? Who knows! Why does an Aries Woman ignore you? There could be a lot of reasons why an Aries woman would ignore you. You make her upset Did you do something that upset her or make her angry the last time you both had a conversation? She does not like anyone playing with her peace of mind. So, if you did make her angry, she is going to ignore you for a while. Give her space and time. All you can do is wait for her to come around and start behaving normally. You did not do things according to her. She asked you for something and you did not do it her way? Well, she is bound to get angry. An Aries woman is a little selfish when it comes to getting her work done. She wants everything to be prim and proper, the way she likes it. If you deny it and do things your way, she is going to ignore you because she wanted it to be her way and not yours. You are blocking her way You are blocking her way to do things she loves and live life on her conditions. She is not someone who can be restricted. She would rather ignore you and go for it without really thinking about the consequence. An Arise woman would not realize that you were standing in the way just for the sake of her safety until it gets too late. How does an Aries Woman lose interest? Aries women are generally strong personalities if they are losing interest in you it’s time for you to introspect. You might be doing something which is bothering her. So what can be the reason for an Arise woman is losing interest in you? You are lazy This woman loves an adventurous day out with her lover. If you are too lazy to get up and have a day or night out with her, she will eventually start losing interest in you. She is a woman who does not like stopping because of anyone. You are no different. You put her down An Aries woman has an ego that is so easy to hurt. It needs tender loving care. Do not embarrass her in public, especially in front of her friends. This will for sure offend her to an extent that she will lose her interest in you. It will make her want to take revenge, which is not the best experience. You don’t appreciate her From acing a board meeting to preparing a chicken sandwich, this woman is always excited while doing her work. She is very passionate and loves doing her work. This means she would love it when she gets appreciated for it. You not appreciating her is a big turn off for her. Let her know that you are paying attention to her work. Tell her that you are proud of what she has accomplished and you want to reach great heights. This will make her love you so much more. How to get an Aries Woman to forgive you? There will be times when you and your Aries woman will fight. It is unavoidable when you are with someone for a long time. But, in that process, do not dare harm her self-respect or her ego. No one likes it. And an Aries woman surely does not! She is fire and she will burn you right down! Apologizing to an Aries woman can be a tedious task. Read forward to find out how to get an Aries woman to forgive you. Understand why she is upset. Aries is the most spontaneous sign, the quickest to have mood swings. Because she is a fire sign, she gets angry quickly but her anger does not slow down. What you need to understand is that her way of thinking is not at all emotional. An Aries woman has some fundamental beliefs which are right for her even if you think that is completely wrong. Her attitude and her behavior will depend on this mindset of hers only. She will be upfront about why she is angry or upset with you. What kind of words or behavior has affected her this much to make her angry? If you accept her point and apologise, well good for you. But if you decide to blame her for everything, she is likely to end everything. Some behaviors are completely unacceptable to her. But they are not ethically wrong. For example, she will be fine with the way you behave with her when you both are alone. But your behaviour will matter a lot while she is in public. It is the best thing to be direct and clear about your feelings to her because she will do the same. You should not play any kind of game with an Aries woman. She will see right through it and give you the worst time of your life. To make this relationship successful, you need to mend your ways and understand her way of thinking and working. Accept and acknowledge her feelings You now know what has been bothering her making her so angry. The next thing you need to do is agree with her reason. Understand that her feelings are correct depending on her fundamental requirements and not yours. Listen to her at all times. Do not cut her off in between. Let her vent. Acknowledge whatever she is trying to tell you. Acknowledge the fact that she is not overreacting about the issue. Do not try to argue anymore. It will only have a bad effect on your relationship. Keep in mind that she will address your behaviour looking into every possible detail. She will be very direct with it. Do not try to change the topic at that time. Going on to a different tangent altogether is completely unacceptable by her. She will not tolerate it. Always respect an Aries woman because that is what matters to her the most. If you try to ignore her, it will only lead to more anger and frustration instead of a solution. The only suggestion is to pay attention to the matter at hand. If you know you were wrong throughout, approach the matter calmly and rationally. Do not involve emotions because it will only annoy an Aries woman more. She will try her best to make you realise why what you did was truly unacceptable and you will have to agree to it. Compromise Now that you know why she is angry, talk about your thoughts about your relationship’s future. You have to accept the fact that you need to make behavioural changes. But tell her too. No fight is one-sided. Make her realise where she went wrong too. She will hear you out. You need to tell her what behavior of hers triggered you to act the way you did. This way you as well as her will take the correct measure to mend your relationship and have a better understanding of each other. But, more often than not, these discussions turn into heated arguments. This happens only because you both are unable to find a middle ground. You both are not ready to accept your mistakes! This leads to more fights. Dealing with the fight incorrectly will lead to its end. You need to take a diplomatic approach while handling an Aries woman. If you behave like a warrior, she will too, and the fight will end in a disaster! You have to dedicate time and energy while resolving an issue with an Aries woman because it takes detailed discussions to get to the end. With an Aries woman, getting physical also works well for trivial issues. Play with her senses, not to solve the issue at hand, but to calm her down. She will be in a better state of mind once you touch her, hug her, kiss her, which will also make her understand your point of view a little better. Do not try to solve major issues by being physical. It will make her feel that you do not respect her emotions and feelings. Do not let her feel that you are with her only for sex and not for her personality. She will end things right there. Resolving and amending the situation After all the emotional turmoil has ended, you both need to determine whether to be together or to end things for the best of both of you. An Aries woman is much more considerate than an Aries man and she will forgive you. You will need to be mindful of the way you behave. There will be issues ahead in your relationship as well if you both do wish to stay together. And it will be something new which you both must not have experienced before. Plan for the future. Determine a way in which you both will handle things that do not lead both of you to take any extreme measures. This needs foresight. With a little discussion, this issue will get solved. Till the time you have completed this conversation, she has already forgiven you. But always remember, an Aries woman never forgets. She must have forgotten you, but she will keep a tab on your behavior. She will bluntly call you out if you repeat any mistake. An Aries woman is very soft-hearted for a person she loves. But she will not suffer the same embarrassment and insult again and again. She would rather get rid of you than go through the same experience once more. End Note When an Aries woman is with you, you can conquer the entire world. Do not let her go at any cost! She will stand with you till the end. Keep exploring this space for more content on Love, Romance, Relationship Tips, Dating, Love Quotes & Messages, Zodiac Signs Compatibility, and Couple Issues. Categories Zodiac Signs Tags aries woman, distant, done with you, forgive you, ignoring, losing interest, rejection 24 Evident Signs an Aries Man Becoming Distant-How to get him Forgive You 17 Pro Tips on How to handle an Aries Man? 2 thoughts on “21 Signs of Aries Woman becoming Distant – How to Overcome this” laszlo bagu May 27, 2022 at 6:40 pm Duly noted, copied down, photocopied in triplicate, certified & notarized. I would not want to be on the receiving end of an Aries woman’s rebuff or dismissal; it would be hard to take & harder to live with despite being an old survivor of the relationship game. With Aries being so passionate and forthright signs of ennui and displeasure would probably be pretty obvious and impossible to ignore. OK. I can handle this, more or less, probably, maybe, maybe not. Oh, who am I kidding here: if an Aries woman started to ignore me I would be flat out devastated… might even go home & cry to mommy…”why are Aries gurls so MEAN and cruel?” Right. Reply laszlo bagu June 15, 2022 at 10:10 pm I thought I was so clever and insightful in my previous post about Aries women but it turns out I was just deluding myself with wishful thinking. I realized the blunt truth about Aries women very recently: they are self centered and selfish. They could care less about anyone else as long as they get what they want. They are tiresome, childish and conceited. Good bye, Sam. Have a nice life, with somebody else. I’m not putting up with your bullshit head games any longer. See you never. Reply Leave a Comment Cancel reply Comment Name Email Website Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Δ Search for: Recent Posts How to Date a Leo Woman: The Ultimate Guide Signs a Leo Woman Likes You: How to Know if a Leo Woman is Interested in You Signs a Leo Woman Isn’t Interested in You: How to Tell if She’s Just Not That Into You Signs of a Virgo Man Falling In Love With You: How to Tell If He’s Into You Virgo Man Being Distant: Signs He’s Pulling Away and What to Do Categories Condolence Messages Dating Glamour Love Love Facts Love Stories Quotes & Messages Relationships Romance Sympathy Messages Sympathy Quotes Wedding Zodiac Signs We provide tips and advice on the different stages of a relationship, as well as tips for improving your love life. Connect With Us Facebook YouTube Pinterest Medium Twitter Instagram Affiliate Disclosure Lovesyllabus.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon. Read Our Affiliate Disclosure.

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Palma Maó Eivissa Manacor Inca Sóller Alcúdia Pollença Sant Antoni Portmany Ciutadella Son Carrió Fornalutx Deià Escorca Màx: 15° Mín: 11° 14° Inici Balears Ara Esports Cultura Opinió Participa 10 desembre 2022 09:24 Facebook Twitter Youtube RSS Ara » Món Bush demana a l'ONU que demostri la seva «determinació» davant de l'Iraq Indicà que les resolucions del Consell de Seguretat s'han incomplert «16 vegades» Reuters | 15 setembre 2002 Puntuada amb 5 estrelles de %%max_extrellas%% Puntua-la 1 estrelles Puntua-la 2 estrelles Puntua-la 3 estrelles Puntua-la 4 estrelles Puntua-la 5 estrelles basat en 1 valoracions Opina Tweet 0 Print Más grande Más grande El president dels Estats Units, George W. Bush, demanà ahir a l'ONU que demostri la seva «determinació» amb el règim iraquià del president Saddam Hussein, perquè no es converteixi en una organització «irrellevant». Bush manifestà a Camp David que les Nacions Unides han d'actuar contra Hussein, i va advertir que, si no ho fan, el seu país afrontarà unilateralment una eventual acció armada contra el país àrab, acusat per Washington de fabricar armes de destrucció massiva. «No us confongueu, si nosaltres hem d'afrontar el problema, ho farem», va dir Bush als informadors en arribar al costat del president del Govern italià, Silvio Berlusconi, a la seva residència de descans a Camp David (Maryland). El president va indicar que les resolucions de l'ONU sobre l'Iraq han estat incomplertes «16 vegades» i que ara és l'oportunitat que l'organització internacional funcioni com un vertader cos de pau en el segle XXI «o serà irrellevant». «Ja és suficient. Aquest és el moment d'afrontar el problema», va insistir Bush, que ha demanat una resolució del Consell de Seguretat de les Nacions Unides que obligui l'Iraq a acceptar l'entrada d'inspectors d'armes de l'ONU i, en cas d'una negativa, faci passos concrets per fer complir les seves resolucions. Berlusconi, un dels més estrets aliats de Washington en el conflicte de l'Iraq, va indicar per la seva part que cerca una «posició comuna» amb Estats Units i que la imatge de l'ONU no pot continuar sent minada per la desafiadora actitud de l'Iraq. La visita del president del govern italià a Camp David es produeix una setmana després que el primer ministre britànic, Tony Blair, es reunís amb Bush al mateix lloc. 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Vist Comentat El més nou Els mems de la derrota d'Espanya al Mundial de futbol se'n recorden de La Salle La Policia irromp en un casament i amenaça el nuvi de portar-lo al calabós si no li parla en castellà El gueto sense morts L'Obra Cultural Balear anuncia els guardonats dels Premis 31 de Desembre Honorable comissari La bandera 'rojigualda' no és una bandera de consens a Mallorca Els mems de la derrota d'Espanya al Mundial de futbol se'n recorden de La Salle [VÍDEO] 'Mou la llengua', nova campanya del Govern que convida a «no renunciar a l'ús del català» Qui és que aviva l’odi a la nostra terra? La Policia irromp en un casament i amenaça el nuvi de portar-lo al calabós si no li parla en castellà La sentència del Tribunal Suprem sobre el confinament d'estudiants posa en evidència les manipulacions i mentides de Vox El PSIB-PSOE de Manacor fa clientelisme amb les ajudes del Govern pel lloguer Neix el programa 'Sóc D'Ona' per a promoure la pràctica esportiva en les dones de Menorca Comissions Obreres convoca una vaga del personal d'AENA en reclamació d'un complement salarial Convocada una concentració davant el Parlament a favor de la Llei Trans La tasca Amb el nou dBalears.cat volem oferir una informació i una opinió pròpies, veraces, i amb voluntat d'escoltar a tothom i de recórrer plegats cada nou dia d'aquesta nova era. Els temes propers i crítics que més us interessen hi seran presents. Dedicarem una especial atenció als eixos temàtics que fins ara han conformat el bessó de la nostra identitat: l'Educació, la Llengua i el Territori que ens són propis. El renovat dBalears.cat no és exactament un diari convencional trasplantat a internet, tot i que aquí hi podreu trobar els elements que des de sempre han caracteritzat el caràcter transformador de la realitat del periodisme, i també les virtuts de la tasca informativa immersa en el mitjà digital. Els instruments La vostra participació i l'intercanvi d'idees en un terreny de debat respectuós ha de ser el valor cabdal del nou dBalears.cat; ningú és indiferent a tot i el vostre parer ha de ser el motor del nostre dia a dia. Per a fer-ho realitat disposam d'una nova plataforma i noves eines, a més d'una orientació diferent, més àgil i fresca. Amb uns estris millor adaptats als temps que vivim i la voluntat de conèixer a fons la realitat que afecta les nostres vides, arriba el projecte hereu de dBalears. L'esperit Les històries que són pròpies i properes a la gent de Mallorca i de Balears en general són el bé que amb dedicació i professionalitat conream. 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El proper dimarts dia 19 a les 8 del vespre hi haurà la conferència: Grans canvis de l’astronomia del segle XX. La concepció de l’Univers ha canviat radicalment al llarg del segle XX fins arribar a la visió actual. Farem un panorama d’aquests canvis amb totes les fites que han significat una nova visió tant del Sistema Solar com de la font d’energia de les estrelles, l’existència de planetes estel.lars, la nostra posició a la Via Làctia, l’existència d’infinitat d’altres galàxies com la nostra, l’expansió de l’Univers i el seu inici en el Big Bang, arribant fins els més recents descobriments com el de les ones gravitatòries. Anirà a càrrec de Ricard Lázaro, llicenciat en Humanitats. notícies d'actualitat Leave a comment Post navigation ← Sortida a les Llosses Sortida d’Astrofotografia → Deixa un comentari Cancel·la les respostes Heu d'iniciar la sessió per escriure un comentari. Youtube de les conferències Segueix-nos al Twitter RSS Subscriu-me a les notícies Descarrega't el calendari ICAL Afegeix a Google Calendar Amplia el calendari Calendari setembre 2017 Dl Dt Dc Dj Dv Ds Dg « ag. oct. » 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Altres accions: Administració del blog Copyright © 2022 Agrupació Astronòmica d'Osona. All rights reserved. Theme: Radiate by ThemeGrill. Powered by WordPress.

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El Ple de l’Ajuntament de Rubí aprova l’adquisició del Casino Español Durant la sessió d’aquest dijous, tots els grups polítics han donat suport al nomenament de Milagros Calleja com a nova Síndica de Greuges de la ciutat https://www.rubi.cat/ca/actualitat/noticies/el-ple-de-l2019ajuntament-de-rubi-aprova-l2019adquisicio-del-casino-espanol https://www.rubi.cat/@@site-logo/ajuntament-de-rubi.svg El Ple de l’Ajuntament de Rubí aprova l’adquisició del Casino Español 26 maig 2016 Durant la sessió d’aquest dijous, tots els grups polítics han donat suport al nomenament de Milagros Calleja com a nova Síndica de Greuges de la ciutat Un dels temes més destacats de la sessió plenària d’aquest dijous ha estat l’adquisició del Casino Español El Ple de l’Ajuntament de Rubí ha donat llum verda a l’adquisició amb càrregues del Casino Español. El Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya (PSC), Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC), Ciutadans-Partido de la Ciudadanía (C’s), Iniciativa per Catalunya Verds (ICV), Convergència Democràtica de Catalunya (CDC) i el Partit Popular han votat a favor d’acceptar la donació que l’entitat Casino Español de Rubí ofereix al consistori corresponent a les finques que integren aquest edifici històric, acceptant la condició de càrrega imposada per l’entitat. L’Alternativa d’Unitat Popular (AUP) ha votat en contra de la proposta, mentre que Veïns per Rubí (VR) s’ha abstingut. El valor total estimat d’aquesta operació ascendeix a uns 500.000 euros. L’alcaldessa, Ana María Martínez, s’ha felicitat per l’aprovació d’aquest punt de l’ordre del dia: “Avui és un dia molt important per la nostra ciutat. S’ha desencallat un tema que feia molts anys que hi havia a sobre de la taula. Segurament s’hauria d’haver fet millor, però avui no estem aquí per flagel·lar-nos ni per mirar enrere, sinó per mirar endavant”. La primera edil ha afegit que “l’adquisició del Casino com a equipament per a tots i de tots suposa posar aquesta peça del patrimoni municipal al servei de la ciutadania”. Per la seva banda, el regidor de Cultura, Moisés Rodríguez, ha explicat que “la determinació de l’actual equip de govern ha fet possible desencallar una situació històrica pejorativa per la ciutat. Una situació que feia que un equipament emblema de la ciutat romangués tancat i d’esquenes a la ciutadania. Tal com ho és el Celler o la Biblioteca, el Casino és i serà un emblema per la nostra ciutat”. El responsable de Cultura ha dirigit paraules d’agraïment tant als grups que han donat el seu vist-i-plau a la proposta com a l’entitat donant. Ara, el futur ús del Casino s’haurà de definir en el marc del procés participatiu lligat al Pla d’equipaments de la ciutat. Nova Síndica de Greuges El Ple també ha designat Milagros Calleja com a nova Síndica de Greuges de Rubí durant un període de cinc anys, podent ser reelegida una sola vegada i pel mateix termini. Des que, l’any 2000, el Ple va aprovar el reglament que regula aquesta institució, hi ha hagut tres persones de la ciutat que han exercit aquest càrrec: Jordi Xercavins, Jordi Quintas i Maria Palau ─aquesta última va deixar la Sindicatura l’agost de 2014 per motius personals─. La nova Síndica és diplomada en Treball Social, màster en Desenvolupament Organitzacional i tresorera de l’Associació Catalana de la Infància. Calleja, a més, té una àmplia trajectòria laboral dins de l’àmbit social i, alhora, coneix el funcionament de l’administració, ja que, entre d’altres, va treballar molts anys al consistori rubinenc. Totes les formacions polítiques s’han posat a disposició de Milagros Calleja per ajudar-la a l’hora d’exercir el càrrec i li han desitjat sort en aquesta nova etapa com a defensora dels rubinencs i les rubinenques. La portaveu del PSC, Maria Mas, ha agraït a Calleja la seva “predisposició, ganes i temps. Estem convençuts que faràs molt bé aquesta tasca. Esperem fer les coses bé perquè no tinguis massa feina, però prometem que tot allò que ens diguis ens ho prendrem molt seriosament”. Mocions En el marc d’aquesta sessió s’han aprovat un total de sis mocions per Junta de Portaveus, és a dir, amb el consens previ de tots els grups polítics. Així, s’ha acordat que Rubí s’adhereixi al Pacte d’Estat per a la Infància; que s’estudiï recuperar el programa de natació a l’escola el curs 2016-2017; que es posi en marxa el Pla de suport a la malaltia celíaca, promovent que Rubí sigui “ciutat sense gluten"; que s’impulsi el naixement d’una Aula d’Extensió Universitària per a gent gran al municipi; que s’arrangin els accessos per a vianants a la urbanització de Sant Muç, i que es reformi l’actual Arborètum del Castell. D’altra banda, també s’ha aprovat la moció que proposa impulsar la instal·lació de fanals solars per aconseguir un estalvi energètic i econòmic, amb els vots favorables de totes les formacions, excepte l’AUP, que s’ha abstingut. També ha prosperat, amb els vots favorables del PSC, ERC, C’s, CDC i PP i les abstencions de l’AUP, d’ICV i de VR, la proposta d’estudiar l’establiment d’un servei municipal de neteja de pintades incíviques. Per últim, s’ha acordat demanar als grups parlamentaris del Congrés que instin el Govern espanyol a defensar davant la Comissió Europea la capacitat dels estats per establir tipus reduïts o superreduïts d’IVA per als productes d’higiene femenina i els bolquers per a infants i adults, considerats productes de primera necessitat. La moció ha rebut el suport de tots els grups i les abstencions del PP i de VR. Tràmits Durant la sessió plenària també s’han aprovat inicialment, i de manera unànime, les bases reguladores dels ajuts econòmics a persones amb escassa capacitat econòmica que estiguin gravades per l’Impost sobre béns immobles (IBI). Paral·lelament, s’ha donat compte del decret d’alcaldia que delega la presidència de la Comissió informativa especial de transparència i bon govern al regidor del PP Jonatan Cobo. Recordem que el plenari va acordar que la presidència d’aquest òrgan fos rotatòria, per ordre de menor a major representativitat. El primer en exercir la presidència rotatòria va ser el regidor de Veïns per Rubí Antoni García, en la primera sessió de la comissió, celebrada el mes de gener. D’altra banda, també s’han dut a terme altres tràmits, com ara la ratificació del decret d’alcaldia on es nomenen els representants de l’Ajuntament de Rubí al Consorci per a la Gestió de la Televisió Digital Pública de la Demarcació sud del Vallès Occidental, i de l’acord del Consell Plenari del CiT de la proposta d’adaptació dels estatuts del Consorci per a la Promoció i Desenvolupament de l’Eix B-30 a diferents lleis. Abans d’iniciar-se el Ple, s’ha fet un minut de silenci en record de les darreres víctimes de violència de gènere a l’Estat: la Maria, de 50 anys i veïna de Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canàries), i una altra dona de 37 anys i resident a Canyelles (Barcelona), el nom de la qual no s’ha donat a conèixer.

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“What’s on in Belfast” is Belfast’s ‘go to’ website packed with information for residents and visitors, to make your time in Belfast enjoyable. Here you can find great ideas on what to do and see, the best places to eat and stay, attractions, events, news and more… Search for: Home What’s On In Graphics Design Team What's On In Graphics Design Team For those advertisers, that do not have graphic design facilities or whose time is short we offer a FULL graphic design team who can design your perfect ad. Whether this is a static ad, or animated GIF ad, our team can design what you want. Any ad we produce, you own full copyright. If you would like us to design your ad for you, tick the box "Design my ad" on the Contact Us page at the bottom of the website and we will be in touch to discuss your requirements. Shopping Cycling Restaurants Spa & Massages Skydiving Bungee jumps Golf Karting Home Advertising Contact Us Map News Events Business Directory Copyright © 2022 *** What's On in Belfast.net *** All Rights Reserved *** View our Privacy Policy Disclosure and Terms of Use and Disclaimer

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Intervenen: David Canudas, Director Esportiu Federació Catalana de Tennis Girona; Roger Almunia, Director Esportiu Club Tennis Costa Brava; Enric Ramírez, director Escola de Tennis Club Tennis Costa Brava Més de 200 tennistes van participar aquest cap de setmana en la primera de les jornades del Torneig Head de tennis al Club Tennis Costa Brava de Mont-Ras. Es tracta d'un circuit nou que per primer cop aterra al Baix Empordà de la mà d'un club que ha renovat la seva gerència. El Torneig Head és una competició que agrupa jugadors i jugadores des dels 10 anys en diferents categories, masculines i femenines. Es tracta d'una competició que té homòlogues a cada província. Cada un dels Tornejos Head és independent però els millors de cada província, primer i de cada Comunitat Autònoma, després, competeixen entre ells en un Màsters que està pendent de l'evolució de la pandèmia i la normativa del Procicat. El Club Tennis Costa Brava de Mont-Ras està situat a l'urbanització de Torre Simona i té 6 pistes de terra batuda, 7 pistes de pàdel i una piscina a l'aire lliure com a instal·lacions més destacades. Disposa d'una acadèmia de tennis i classes de paddle i recentment ha canviat la seva gerència amb l'objectiu de créixer. Un dels primers projectes d'aquesta nova gerència és el torneig patrocinat per la companyia Head sota el paraigua de la Federació Catalana de Tennis. Des del club es van mostrar molt satisfets de la prova ja que feia molts anys que no n'organitzaven cap d'aquesta envergadura i el nombre d'inscrits ha estat important. El circuit Head durarà encara set caps de setmana més. Comentaris (0) *Per comentar es necessari estar registrat. Registra't o accedeix Comentar Més articles de Esports Curses Castell-Platja d'Aro i S'Agaró La primera edició de la VolCAT Platja d'Aro supera les 600 inscripcions Hoquei Palafrugell El Corredor-Mató visitarà el Taradell, rival directe per la permanènciaEl Corredor-Mató Palafrugell va aconseguir un empat de mèrit contra el Girona CH el passat cap de setmana en un partit disputat al Pavelló d'Esports. Per fer va Hoquei Palafrugell Empaten el primer partit de Lliga Catalana Plata contra el Sant Just (3-3) Hoquei Palafrugell Guanyar el Lloret és avui l'únic objectiu del Corredor Mató Palafrugell'equip tècnic del Corredor Mató Palafrugell ho té clar. El partit contra el Lloret s'ha de guanyar i en això s'han concentrat aquestes últimes 3 setmanes que s' Hoquei Palafrugell S'ho juguen tot a Madrid Hoquei Palafrugell Objectiu complert: el Caldes continua sense guanyar a Palafrugell Curses Torroella de Montgrí Més de 400 nadadors participen en la 13a Neda el Món Illes Medes Poliesportiu Palafrugell Palafrugell torna a ser una de les seus de la run4cancerPalafrugell torna a ser una de les seus de la run4cancer Poliesportiu Castell-Platja d'Aro i S'Agaró Platja d'Aro torna a acollir el Costa Brava Spanish Open Futbol Palamós El Palamós vol seguir empaitant els de dalt, guanyar i mantenir la porteria a 0Girona i Vilassar han de seguir sentint l'alè que arriba del Baix Empordà i per això el Palamós necessita tornar a la senda de la victòria. Després del parèntas Poliesportiu Castell-Platja d'Aro i S'Agaró Com s'ho fan per entrenar els i les esportistes d'elit en temps de coronavirus?La ciclista Sílvia Roura i l'ultrafondista Jordi Gamito expliquen les seves rutines i impressions i com es motiven per entrenar des de casa i sense cap competic Futbol Palamós El Palamós necessita els 3 punts contra la Guineueta per poder optar a la segona posició Vela Sant Feliu de Guíxols La cinquena edició de la Guíxols Cup començarà aquest cap de setmana amb Europa i 420 Tennis Begur Badosa passa ronda a l'Open d'Austràlia en la seva primera victòria en un grand slamPaula Basdosa va superar per primera vegada un partit de Grand Slam al imposar-se per 6-1 i 6-0 a la sueca Johana Larsson a l'open d'Austràlia de tennis. Curses Begur Obertes les preinscripcions on-line per fer la travessa s’Eixugador-Aiguafreda de Begur Hoquei Palafrugell El Palafrugell suma un plus d'experiència i qualitat amb el fitxatge de Romà Bancells Motor Begur Begur acull aquest cap de setmana el IV Aplec Scooterista del municipi Hoquei Palafrugell El Corredor-Mató Palafrugell es prepara per la temporada a la OK Lliga Plata Últims continguts CONNEXIÓ - Encesa de llums de Nadal de Palafrugell CONNEXIÓ - Encesa de llums de Nadal de Palamós Els càstings d'Objectiu Paki són aquest dissabte PARLEM AMB L'ALCALDESSA - Santa Cristina d'Aro implementa la recollida porta a porta CONNEXIÓ - Encesa de les llums de Nadal de Sant Feliu de Guíxols L'ENTREVISTA - Campanya de promoció de la Marca Empordà ACCENT PALAMOSÍ Josep Coll, portaveu del PSC a Palamós Sant Joan Espai de Salut: Rosa Casafont En marxa la campanya de Nadal de Platja d'Aro Información Qui som TV Costa Brava participa del programa de contractació de persones de 30 anys i més, impulsat i subvencionat pel Servei Públic d'Ocupació de Catalunya i finançat al 100% pel Fons Social Europeu com a part de la resposta de la Unió Europea a la pàndemia de COVID-19

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At Carolina Commons Dentistry, we are qualified to offer start-to-finish implant dentistry. This means that we can surgically place implants as well as provide the quality implant restorations that are attached on top. Your implant restoration represents the prosthetic tooth or teeth that others see. Therefore, it should be made of the highest quality materials and custom-fabricated to look beautiful and natural within your smile. You can trust our restorative dentistry team to seek excellence at every step of your tooth replacement process. Our team is here to help you choose an implant restoration that suits your needs and goals best. Depending on how many teeth you are replacing, your implant restoration can include one of the following: Custom Crown Dental Bridge Implant-Supported Dentures The goal of any implant restoration is to mimic the feel, function and appearance of a natural tooth. After your implant has properly healed and fused to the underlying bone, your implant restoration can be seamlessly attached. This is the final stage in your implant process, allowing you to walk away with a confident and long-lasting smile. Implant Repairs Dental implants carry a remarkable success rate of up to 98%. Unfortunately, they are not exempt from failure or damage from time to time. This can occur days or years after your implant placement. If you experience a change in the way your dental implant feels or functions, please let us know. Dr. Sagunarthy is qualified to offer a full range of implant repairs at our Indian Land office. Most repairs involve the implant restoration, such as damage to a crown or a broken bridge. These are simple repairs that don’t require changing out the implant itself. Regardless of the severity of your repairs, we are here to help. We want to do everything we can to protect your implants and restorative dentistry investment! To learn more about our customized options in implant restorations or to schedule an implant repair, please contact Carolina Commons Dentistry today. We deliver restorative dentistry with the highest attention to patient comfort and convenience. Complete Dental Care for Your Entire Family Schedule an Appointment Patient Reviews Elizabeth N. Carolina Commons Dentistry is 5 star all the way! With their friendly staff, knowledgeable and caring dentists, right down to the design of their office. Everything about this practice has the patients needs in mind. Our family definitely recommends Carolina Commons Dentistry to anyone looking for a phenomenal experience not just the first time, but every time! Tosha S. Great staff, really help you to understand everything that is going on throughout your visit. Very warm and inviting. Phillip R. Have been visiting Dr. Kavi for years now. The TVs are a great feature to have in each room. Always comfortable visiting!! Scott R. I had another great experience and care at Dr Sagunarthy’s office. It is a great office and dental staff with a warming environment. Write a review First Name (required) Last Name (required) Rate your experience (required) ---54321 Describe your experience (required) Our patient testimonials 5.0 / 5.0 Based on 25 Google reviews Elizabeth N Carolina Commons Dentistry is 5 star all the way! With their friendly staff, knowledgeable and caring dentists, right down to the design of their office. Everything about this practice has the patients needs in mind. Our family definitely recommends Carolina Commons Dentistry to anyone looking for a phenomenal experience not just the first time, but every time! Tosha S. Great staff, really help you to understand everything that is going on throughout your visit. Very warm and inviting. Phillip R. Have been visiting Dr. Kavi for years now. The TVs are a great feature to have in each room. Always comfortable visiting!! Scott R. I had another great experience and care at Dr Sagunarthy’s office. It is a great office and dental staff with a warming environment.

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En Fàtima de Berfull es narra la història d’un amor impossible situat a Berfull a començament del s. XVII entre la morisca Fàtima amb el senyor cristià del lloc, Vicent Dassió i Boïl, enmig del convuls episodi de l’expulsió dels moriscos valencians al Magrib. VICENT SANCHIS (Rafelguaraf, 1955, però veí de Carcaixent des de 1981). Des del 1996 es dedica a la narrativa històrica. Ha publicat Adéu a Berfull, Memòries d'un alamí i Aventura al desert, a més d’altres relats curts. Amb El repòs del sobirà, va guanyar el Premi de narrativa juvenil Ciutat de Torrent 2003. Fàtima de Berfull és una reedició, revisada per l’autor, d’Adéu a Berfull. Guia de lectura: Josep Palomero. Nivell indicat: Segon cicle d’ESO. Aspectes destacables: Coneixement del passat històric. Anàlisi de la societat morisca valenciana. Ponderació del feminisme.

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At Verwood First C of E School and Nursery our music curriculum intends to inspire creativity, self-expression and encourage our children on their musical journeys as well as giving them opportunities to connect with others. We facilitate opportunities where all children can participate in a variety of musical experiences through which we aim to build up their love of music, self- confidence and sense of achievement. Our teaching focuses on developing the children’s ability to, sing in tune and with other people, play tuned and untuned musical instruments with increasing control, fluency and expression and listen critically to a wide range of music from different periods, genres, styles and traditions. As children progress through the school they will increasingly understand and explore how music is created, produced and communicated through the interrelated dimensions of music: pitch, duration, dynamics, tempo, timbre, texture, structure and musical notation. By Key Stage 2 children will begin to improvise and compose music for a range of purposes using the interrelated dimensions of music. Implementation By using Charanga as the basis of a scheme of work, we can ensure that they are fulfilling the aims for musical learning stated in the National Curriculum. Charanga includes many examples of music styles and genres from different times and places. These are explored through the language of music via active listening, performing and composing activities, which enable understanding of the context and genre. Charanga provides a classroom-based, participatory and inclusive approach to music learning. Throughout the scheme, children are actively involved in using and developing their singing voices, using body percussion and whole body actions, and learning to handle and play classroom instruments effectively to create and express their own and others’ music. Through a range of whole class, group and individual activities, children have opportunities to explore sounds, listen actively, compose and perform. During music lessons children will be given opportunities to learn music specific vocabulary in a meaningful context. During the lesson children will be given opportunities to apply skill and given a chance for collaboration through composition. Music within school has offered whole base samba and guitar lessons (as a part of our Dorset Music Service partnership), School Choir, Music Club, whole school productions, class assemblies with a singing focus, professional theatre performances, as well as close links with the local community through singing at supermarkets and nursing homes. As music is a practical subject, assessment may be done by focussing on a small group at a time on certain tasks or skills, observing the children, discussing their work or self/group/teacher evaluation against criteria from the National Curriculum programmes of study and end of year expectations. The progression of skills ensures children are accessing work at age related expectations, with regular opportunities to be challenged through higher-level objectives. Children are assessed according to age related expectations in line with curriculum requirements. This is done in line with the school’s non-core assessment calendar. This information is recorded and monitored by the co-ordinator. Expressive Arts and Design is a specific area in the Early Years Foundation Stage and music is a crucial part of the Being Imaginative and Expressive stand. A day in reception and nursery is filled with song, rhymes, poems and stories. Children feel safe in their environment to perform familiar tunes, share their favourite nursery rhymes with peers and create their own melodies while playing. They learn to copy rhythms and compose their own body percussion. Impact The integral nature of music and the learner creates an enormously rich palette from which a child may access fundamental abilities such as: achievement, self-confidence, interaction with and awareness of others, and self-reflection. Music will also develop an understanding of culture and history, both in relation to children individually, as well as ethnicities from across the world. Children are able to enjoy music in as many ways as they choose – either as listener, creator or performer. They can sing, feel a pulse, add rhythms and create melodies in a group and they can further develop these skills in the future and continue to enjoy and embrace music in their lives.

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The Legacy Lacrosse Program has partnered with the Sean Morris Lacrosse Camp and will be hosting a day camp at the NEW State of the art Facility located in Hanover, MA. at the Sports University/Starland Amusements. The Camp will consist of lacrosse instruction from the area's top coaches (The Coaching staff is made up of the area High School Coaches and Coaches from the Laxachusetts Coaching staff). The camp will be very different from any other lacrosse camp in the area. This camp not only will be offering high level lacrosse instruction, but it will also include fun games such as laser tag, rock wall, dodge ball, bumper cars, mini golf, etc..to add to the fun of the day The camp w A Season Pass is required to view this content. Sign up today for only than $2.00 per month. Or log in to read the rest of this content. Advertisement Bruce Lerch RELATED ARTICLESMORE FROM AUTHOR All-American Game 2022 BostonLax All-American Game: ISL 16, MIAA 10 All-American Game 2022 BostonLax All-American Game Rosters Lacrosse 2022 MIAA Division III State Championship: Norwell 11, Medfield 3 Popular Articles 2022 BostonLax All-American Game: ISL 16, MIAA 10 All-American Game Boston Lax Staff - July 14, 2022 0 By Kevin Stone/@kstone06 (Story and Pics), and Mike Flanagan (Video) WELLESLEY - The best high school talent that Massachusetts has to offer was at MacDowell... 2022 BostonLax All-American Game Rosters All-American Game Boston Lax Staff - June 27, 2022 0 By Mike Flanagan (@flano0) Hello everyone! It's crazy to think we're already at the end of the 2022 high school and prep lacrosse season here... 2022 MIAA Division III State Championship: Norwell 11, Medfield 3 Lacrosse Boston Lax Staff - June 25, 2022 0 By Brando Martinez (@iibrandoii) WORCESTER - There is no standard recipe for success in sports but one of the most common is motivation. In 2022,... 2022 MIAA Division I State Championship: St. John’s Prep 11, BC High 5 MIAA Boston Lax Staff - June 24, 2022 0 By Mike Flanagan (@flano0) WORCESTER - For the second year in a row, St. John's Prep is back on top of Division I. And also... 2022 MIAA Division IV State Championship: Wahconah 8, Sandwich 7 MIAA Boston Lax Staff - June 23, 2022 0 By Kevin Stone/@kstone06 WORCESTER - A decade ago, the Wahconah Regional High School lacrosse program didn’t exist. On Wednesday evening at a jam-packed Coughlin Memorial Field... ABOUT US BostonLax is your news and entertainment lacrosse website. We provide you with the latest breaking news and videos straight from the lacrosse community.

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JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Toggle Nav Skip to Content Login Create an Account Change Create new Homebrew Account Create new Commercial Account Store Locator Compare My Cart 0 Customer Service: +1 509 457-3200Email Us Menu Store Locator Growers Overview Meet The Growers Return to Grower Green Chief® Homebrew Shop Hop Varieties Shop the Freshest Hops and Gear Homebrew HOPS Browse through our inventory of homebrew hop products using various filters to find the best hop varieties and products for your next upcoming brew. View Products Merchandise Apparel Head Wear Variety Handbook Accessories Yakima Chief Hops is a 100% grower-owned global hop supplier with a mission to connect brewers with family hop farms. Operating for more than 30 years, we have become more than a hop supplier. We are leaders of innovation, quality and customer service. We are a resource for brewers, providing solutions-based products and research. We are advocates of sustainability and meaningful social causes, working to support the environment and communities around us. Hop Varieties View All Varieties Hop Varieties View All Varieties Popular Aroma Profiles Berry Citrus Floral Spicy Stone Fruit Sweet Aromatic Tropical Woody Popular Varieties Ahtanum® Brand Azacca® Brand Cascade Cryo Pop™ Original Blend Loral® Brand Mosaic® Brand Pink Boots Blend Simcoe® Brand Beer Styles English Style-Ale American Style-Ale Lager Pale Ale Pilsner Stout Style 7 Style 8 Yakima Chief Hops is a 100% grower-owned global hop supplier with a mission to connect brewers with family hop farms. Operating for more than 30 years, we have become more than a hop supplier. We are leaders of innovation, quality and customer service. We are a resource for brewers, providing solutions-based products and research. We are advocates of sustainability and meaningful social causes, working to support the environment and communities around us. Hop Products Homebrew Aged Hops Homebrew American Noble Hops Homebrew Cryo Hops Homebrew Hop Blends Homebrew Hop Pellets Homebrew Whole Leaf Hop Products View All Products Whole Leaf Hops Info Shop Hop Pellets Info Shop Cryo Hops® Info Shop Aged Hops Info Shop American Noble Hops™ Info Shop Hop Blends Info Shop Falconer's Flight® Blend Pink Boots Blend Veterans Blend Pacific Crest Blend Zythos® Blend Cryo Pop® Original Blend Yakima Chief Hops is a 100% grower-owned global hop supplier with a mission to connect brewers with family hop farms. Operating for more than 30 years, we have become more than a hop supplier. We are leaders of innovation, quality and customer service. We are a resource for brewers, providing solutions-based products and research. We are advocates of sustainability and meaningful social causes, working to support the environment and communities around us. Resources Brewing Tools Resources Lot Analysis Lookup Easily access valuable information regarding your YCH hop products including brewing specifications, oil content, crop year and the family farm(s) from which they were sourced. Simply enter your lot number & search for your results. Once displayed, you can download or print your results for easy recipe inclusion. Brewing Tools Utilize these simple brewing tools, including our extract conversion tool and our IBU estimator, to help you create your next great beer. Extract Conversion IBU Estimator Learn Product Sheets Sensory Beer Recipes Webinars Videos Presentations Yakima Chief Hops is a 100% grower-owned global hop supplier with a mission to connect brewers with family hop farms. Operating for more than 30 years, we have become more than a hop supplier. We are leaders of innovation, quality and customer service. We are a resource for brewers, providing solutions-based products and research. We are advocates of sustainability and meaningful social causes, working to support the environment and communities around us. Connect News Connect News Stay informed about the latest news from Yakima Chief Hops, including company updates, relevant brewing industry topics and what’s happening in the hop community. Hopwire Blog Press Room Events Learn more about some of our featured events including the Alpha King Challenge as well as our annual Hop & Brew School. Here We Grow Hop & Brew School Alpha King Challenge Tradeshows All Events Get In Touch Have a question or feedback? Interested in working at YCH? Want to collaborate? Connect with us and let’s start the conversation! Contact Us Feedback Survey Careers Media Kit Yakima Chief Hops is a 100% grower-owned global hop supplier with a mission to connect brewers with family hop farms. Operating for more than 30 years, we have become more than a hop supplier. We are leaders of innovation, quality and customer service. We are a resource for brewers, providing solutions-based products and research. We are advocates of sustainability and meaningful social causes, working to support the environment and communities around us. About Us Who We Are About Us Who We Are Our Company Our Growers Our Staff Our Difference Return to Grower Green Chief® Yakima Chief Ranches Corporate Social Responsibility Innovative Culture Quality & Certifications Yakima Chief Hops is a 100% grower-owned global hop supplier with a mission to connect brewers with family hop farms. Operating for more than 30 years, we have become more than a hop supplier. We are leaders of innovation, quality and customer service. We are a resource for brewers, providing solutions-based products and research. We are advocates of sustainability and meaningful social causes, working to support the environment and communities around us. Commercial Shop Spot Market Shop the Freshest Hops and Gear Spot HOPS Browse through our spot market inventory using various filters to find the best hop varieties and products for your next upcoming brew. Spot Market Sorry, your account does not have access to the Commercial Spot Market. To browse our Homebrew catalog please continue to the Hop Variety Page Contract Hops Order hops from your contract and access secure account information including remaining volumes, pricing, and insight into new products & available crop years. Go to my Contracts You currently have no contracts. Merchandise Apparel Head Wear Variety Handbook Accessories Yakima Chief Hops is a 100% grower-owned global hop supplier with a mission to connect brewers with family hop farms. Operating for more than 30 years, we have become more than a hop supplier. We are leaders of innovation, quality and customer service. We are a resource for brewers, providing solutions-based products and research. We are advocates of sustainability and meaningful social causes, working to support the environment and communities around us. Hop Varieties View All Varieties Hop Varieties View All Varieties Popular Aroma Profiles Berry Citrus Floral Spicy Stone Fruit Sweet Aromatic Tropical Woody Origin United States Australia Czech Republic France Germany New Zealand Slovenia United Kingdom Beer Styles English Style-Ale American Style-Ale Lager Pale Ale Pilsner Stout Style 7 Style 8 Yakima Chief Hops is a 100% grower-owned global hop supplier with a mission to connect brewers with family hop farms. Operating for more than 30 years, we have become more than a hop supplier. We are leaders of innovation, quality and customer service. We are a resource for brewers, providing solutions-based products and research. We are advocates of sustainability and meaningful social causes, working to support the environment and communities around us. Hop Products Fresh Hops Whole Leaf Hops Commercial Fresh Hops Commercial Whole Leaf Commercial Hop Pellets Commercial Aged Hops Commercial Cryo Hops Commercial American Noble Hops Commercial Co2 Extract Commercial Organic Hops Commercial Hop Blends Hop Products View All Products Fresh Hops Info Whole Leaf Hops Info Shop Hop Pellets Info Shop Cryo Hops® Info Shop American Noble Hops™ Info Shop CO2 Extract Info Organic Hops Info Aged Hops Info Shop Hop Blends Info Shop Falconer's Flight® Blend Pink Boots Blend Veterans Blend Pacific Crest Blend Zythos® Blend Cryo Pop® Original Blend Yakima Chief Hops is a 100% grower-owned global hop supplier with a mission to connect brewers with family hop farms. Operating for more than 30 years, we have become more than a hop supplier. We are leaders of innovation, quality and customer service. We are a resource for brewers, providing solutions-based products and research. We are advocates of sustainability and meaningful social causes, working to support the environment and communities around us. Resources Lot Analysis Lookup Resources Lot Analysis Lookup Easily access valuable information regarding your YCH hop products including brewing specifications, oil content, crop year and the family farm(s) from which they were sourced. Simply enter your lot number & search for your results. Once displayed, you can download or print your results for easy recipe inclusion. Lot Lookup Tool Brewing Tools Utilize these simple brewing tools, including our extract conversion tool and our IBU estimator, to help you create your next great beer. Extract Conversion IBU Estimator Learn Product Sheets Sensory Beer Recipes Webinars Videos Product Sheets Sensory Beer Recipes Webinars Videos Presentations Yakima Chief Hops is a 100% grower-owned global hop supplier with a mission to connect brewers with family hop farms. Operating for more than 30 years, we have become more than a hop supplier. We are leaders of innovation, quality and customer service. We are a resource for brewers, providing solutions-based products and research. We are advocates of sustainability and meaningful social causes, working to support the environment and communities around us. Connect News Thank you page Connect News Stay informed about the latest news from Yakima Chief Hops, including company updates, relevant brewing industry topics and what’s happening in the hop community. Hopwire Blog Press Room Events Learn more about some of our featured events including the Alpha King Challenge as well as our annual Hop & Brew School. Here We Grow Hop & Brew School Alpha King Challenge Tradeshows All Events Get In Touch Have a question or feedback? Interested in working at YCH? Want to collaborate? Connect with us and let’s start the conversation! Contact Us Feedback Survey Careers Media Kit Shipping Info Yakima Chief Hops is a 100% grower-owned global hop supplier with a mission to connect brewers with family hop farms. Operating for more than 30 years, we have become more than a hop supplier. We are leaders of innovation, quality and customer service. We are a resource for brewers, providing solutions-based products and research. We are advocates of sustainability and meaningful social causes, working to support the environment and communities around us. About Us About Us Placeholder Node About Us Who We Are Our Company Our Growers Our Staff Our Difference Return to Grower Green Chief® Yakima Chief Ranches Corporate Social Responsibility Innovative Culture Quality & Certifications Yakima Chief Hops is a 100% grower-owned global hop supplier with a mission to connect brewers with family hop farms. Operating for more than 30 years, we have become more than a hop supplier. We are leaders of innovation, quality and customer service. We are a resource for brewers, providing solutions-based products and research. We are advocates of sustainability and meaningful social causes, working to support the environment and communities around us. Customer Service: +1 509 457-3200Email Us Sign In / Register Home Homebrew Careers Contact Us Feedback Survey Careers Media Kit Contact Us Feedback Survey Careers Media Kit Become a part of where great beer begins. Have you ever experienced the distinct flavors of an artfully brewed craft beer and wondered where it all begins? Chances are, it started with us – the growers and employees of Yakima Chief Hops located in the heart of hop country. For many of us, our drive to work is through the family farms and hop fields that give life to the craft beer industry. The hop and brewing industries both have an unwavering community spirit. Hops just have a way of bringing people together. Inspired by this community spirit, we at Yakima Chief Hops want everyone who works here to feel a sense of family. The family hop farms of the Pacific Northwest are an extension of YCH, and we want our company culture to emulate that welcoming atmosphere. This is why we offer competitive compensation, career development opportunities and rewarding work you can taste in so many ways. We want our employees to feel acknowledged and appreciated. We’re always looking for skilled, energetic individuals who enjoy a fast-paced, dynamic work environment. If that sounds like you, we invite you to apply. GOT THE CHOPS? Successful team members own their area of expertise while proactively designing, planning and problem-solving, in development, test and production environments. TEAM PLAYER Willing to jump in & help other team members when needed LIFELONG LEARNER Proactively maintaining expertise in emerging business & tech trends AGILE Continuously, iteratively improving by responsively assessing & adapting CURRENT OPPORTUNITIES The Yakima Valley experiences four beautifully distinct seasons and is just a short drive from Seattle and Portland. If none of our current openings fit your expertise, check our company-wide listings or email us your resume and cover letter and we will happily keep them on file for the future. Custodian + Location: Sunnyside • Human Resources The purpose of this position is to maintain a tidy and sanitary environment in the company buildings. Learn More Apply Facilities Maintenance Mechanic + Location: Sunnyside • Plants & Facilities Conducts troubleshooting, repairs, preventative maintenance service in a safe, reliable and efficient manner in full compliance with all applicable laws, regulations, SOPs, policies and procedure. Learn More Apply Refrigeration Mechanic + Location: Sunnyside • Plants & Facilities Perform skilled maintenance, installation, repair and inspection work on complex industrial refrigeration equipment for YCH operations. Service, install and maintain HVAC equipment company wide in addition to providing electrical and plumbing services as needed across all facilities. Learn More Apply UX/UI Developer + Location: Remote • Information Technology As UX/UI Developer, you're responsible for wireframing, visual prototyping, interaction design and implementation of client-side web applications, and mobile application mockups and assets handoff. You work alongside our full stack and mobile application developers to help bring your visions to life while acting as the lead on modern UX/UI best practices and design patterns. You have strong social and written communication skills, a collaborative mindset, and enjoy working with a diverse array of team members across multiple disciplines. You're a self-starter with experience managing and contributing both technical and creative work. You engage with end-users and customers, assist with strategic planning and requirements gathering, decompose and estimate tasks for clarity, propose timelines, document, QA, and test usability. You have significant influence over the look, feel, and final form of our digital solutions, and your contributions make a powerful impact. Learn More Apply Network Administrator + Location: Yakima • Information Technology An associate degree is required from a certified college or university and 1-2 years of varying environmental experiences centered around network administration. Learn More Apply Corporate Social Responsibility Coordinator + Location: Yakima • Human Resources In this role, you will join the CSR team to perform a variety of functions in support of our corporate-wide CSR efforts. The Sustainability Coordinator works directly with the Sustainability Manager and Vice President Corporate Social Responsibility and collaboratively with several departments including human resources, quality, sales, logistics, supply chain, and operations to reduce the businesses impact on the environment. Equally important is the role of improving social connectivity with other organizations and communities. Responsibilities include educating the organization about sustainability and coordinating programming and activities related to sustainability, performing research, and annual reporting. This job will provide an opportunity to work closely with a member of YCH’s Corporate Social Responsibility Team and help drive key strategic initiatives and support essential operational tasks and responsibilities. Learn More Apply Copywriting Manager + Location: Yakima • Sales/Marketing Lead communications strategy, tactics, technology, reporting & execution as a core part of the Marketing team. Copywriting/Copyediting i. Lead copywriter and copy editor on all editorial selections, development & execution. External Communications i. Lead copy editor for all marketing communications; key support for sales resources and products. Public Relations i. Support as needed. Learn More Apply Desktop Support Analyst + Location: Sunnyside, WA • Information Technology The Desktop Support Analyst is responsible for: three-tier support for over a multitude of platforms and possessing a background in handling different software and hardware needs of computers and users; applying logic to solve technical issues quickly; providing excellent customer service to ALL customers; and developing and maintaining a vast technical knowledge to remediate the technical challenges with both hardware and software under minimal supervision. Learn More Apply Laboratory Manager + Location: Sunnyside, WA• Quality The purpose of this position is to provide technical information on products and develop and implement innovative testing methods for the company, providing guidance, instruction and leadership to the lab team. Learn More

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A partir del 2 d’agost de 1940 el Reformatorio San Fernando va passar a pertànyer a la Junta Provincial de Protección de Menores de Barcelona i va ser anomenat Escuela Femenina de Educación. Era per a nenes i s’hi estaven fins a la majoria d’edat (21 anys) o “fins que es casaven o es feien monges”. La seva formació consistia, bàsicament, en les classes de cultura general i religió que feien els matins durant unes poques hores, ja que les tardes eren dedicades a realitzar labors d’encàrrec que es feien en els tallers de confecció. Aquests tallers, tot i que ja funcionaven abans, es van inaugurar el 9 de maig de 1942. Les noies grans podien arribar a cobrar un percentatge dels beneficis obtinguts pel seu treball, tot i que, alguns informes suggereixen que potser no arribaven a cobrar res. Les més petites ho feien com a part del seu aprenentatge. Les noies també es confeccionaven els seus vestits, bates i la seva roba interior amb les teles que el centre encarregava a botigues o grans magatzems com els Jorba. Aquesta roba no era de gaire bona qualitat, i en alguns casos eren part de donatius de particulars o de merceries. S’ha de tenir en compte que, a més, aquestes nenes i noies, havien de fer les tasques domèstiques diàries, les personals i les de tot l’edifici.

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Pantalons texans amb print Flowers Rainbow en color blau. Model tall recte, llarg cropped, tir alt i cinc butxaques. Tancament amb cremallera frontal i traveta per a cinturó. 20% fibres reciclades Newsletter Ens comprometem a enviar-te només les coses que valguin la pena. Coses de BIMBAYLOLA (res més). He llegit, entès i acceptat la Política de privacitat i accepto rebre comunicacions comercials per correu electrònic. Dona’m d’alta BENVINGUT 👍 ARA, JA ETS DINS! Gràcies per subscriure-us. ES / ca / EUR Alemanya Bulgària Bèlgica Colòmbia Corea Croàcia Dinamarca Equador Eslovàquia Eslovènia Espanya (Península i illes Balears) Espanya (illes Canàries) Estònia Finlàndia França Grècia Hongria Irlanda Itàlia Letònia Lituània Luxemburg Malta Mèxic Mònaco Panamà Països Baixos Polònia Portugal Regne Unit Romania Singapur Suècia Txèquia Xile Xipre Àustria

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2020 was a very special year. It was the year in which I never saw so few customers face-to-face and in which I signed a contract for the first time with a new customer that I had only met digitally. This lack of live contact makes it difficult to leave a lasting impression on the other side and that is what I always strive for. Many policy-making institutions such as Gartner and McKinsey indicate that if an organization wants to be and remain relevant, it must offer an experience that is memorable. This is already difficult if you’re allowed to have face-to-face contact, but it becomes even more complex to achieve this digitally. So how do you manage to do this? Offer a memorable experience In the field of consumers, the focus on delivering a memorable experience has been there for some time already, but this year’s developments have accelerated this at an unprecedented pace for b-2-b organizations as well. There are several different aspects to consider when it comes to offering a memorable experience. Obviously, it’s all about the customer experience: What is the feeling the customer has towards your organization and the transaction that’s been done? In addition, I’m convinced that a memorable customer experience is strongly related to a good employee experience. Happy employees also ensure happy customers in most cases, because they’re more involved in your organization and are facilitated in the background by systems to let the customer leave with a warm feeling. Positive customer experience Let’s first zoom in on the customer experience: In these times, customers expect to get the same experience on every device (multi-device) and via every channel (multi-channel), which is also comparable to the face-to-face experience. To be able to offer this, you must ensure the digital basis of your organization is in order. Optimal employee experience As mentioned, an important condition for a positive customer experience is that there’s an optimal employee experience. Your employees who carry out the process must be fully supported / unburdened in their work. They shouldn’t have to think about all sorts of details, but should be supported by a dynamic, intelligent process that adapts to the wishes and needs of the specific customer. In addition, all kinds of operational decisions have to be made during this process in which the employee is relieved and only ‘troubled’ with those decisions that require human intervention. In all other cases, you want these decisions to be taken automatically by so-called smart decision automation. Keep an eye on the Avola website for information about this … Your employees must be able to concentrate on the things they’ve been hired to do: making difficult decisions in a human way and also optimizing the relationship with the customer so the customer experience will automatically work out well. Even if the customer doesn’t appreciate the decision that needs to be made, it will often still result in a positive customer experience if it’s easy to explain and above all consistent. Technology decisive in providing a memorable experience In order to realize this, it’s very important that organizations have the right systems and digital knowledge. Flexible technology is increasingly determinative in the ability to deliver that memorable experience for the customer and employees. The positive thing is that the technology to create those experiences is increasingly available and is no longer only for the happy few. For example, the creation of low-code applications is on the rise. These applications can easily ensure the user gets a similar experience across all devices and channels. In addition, there are smart decision tools to easily model, automate, analyze and simulate operational decisions in and outside process flows. Both tools are increasingly available to the business user, which automatically means there’s more focus on the customer. You must therefore ensure that the design of your systems is set up entirely from a customer point of view (outside in). This way, these systems support the employees who are in touch with customers across all devices and channels to take customer-oriented decisions and actions that lead to a memorable experience for both your customer and your colleague. A great example of this is when a good friend of mine wanted to add his son’s mobile phone subscription to the family subscription via a chat on his phone. In the middle of this chat, his WiFi connection, that was also provided by the same supplier, disappeared. This had happened a couple of times already. He was surprised when, after a few minutes, he received a call from the service agent at the provider he was chatting with. She asked if everything was okay and if they could complete the transaction. Then she asked if she could help him with anything else. He mentioned that his internet connection including TV signal was very bad. The service agent indicated that she could run a test from her network and saw that there was indeed something going on. They immediately offered to make an appointment with a technician so the problems could be resolved. Oil slick gets bigger This is a great example of how an employee is fully supported by technical systems to provide a memorable customer experience. This customer shares this experience with other potential customers, adding to the oil slick of the memorable experience. By investing smartly in the right resources, you will reap more benefits from the same effort, without investing a lot of extra time. This benefits the customer, the employee and the company. So on to many memorable experiences in 2021! Make something beautiful out of it. Get in touch, we’d love to hear from you. Follow us on LinkedIn for more news! Other news blog Marc Gelissen: “We want to be the greatest company to work with and for, now and in 10 years’ time” How does our founder see the future? Are we still working without hierarchy in 10 years’ time? And what type of customers will we serve? Read more news Marc Gelissen: “Before we knew it, we were Mendix partner of the year twice” Find out how we gave more shape to our everlasting goal of 'growing together' and grew into a company of seventy colleagues Read more blog 10 years of Bizzomate: “At Bizzomate people always look after each other, it goes beyond your work” Colleague Bart Poelmans who has been employed for over 10 years sees many similarities with his early days at Bizzomate Read more news 10 years of Bizzomate: “Being part of your colleagues’ development gives a lot of energy” Colleague Charles Bronzwaer was there during the hectic early stages of Bizzomate and shares his experiences Read more news 10 years of Bizzomate: “A lot has changed, but that family feeling is still there” Bizzomate of the first hour Jelle Boomsma shares his best memories of the past 10 years Read more news 10 year Bizzomate – the start Founder Marc Gelissen takes you back in time and shows you how the foundations were laid for the success of Bizzomate Read more news Bizzomate viert 10-jarig bestaan Persbericht Bizzomate 10-jarig bestaan. Read more news Bizzomate is Partner van MX Hack 2022: Low-Code for Good hackathon Uit Computable Magazine "Mendix presenteert partners MxHacks 2022: Low-Code for Good hackathon" Read more news Bizzomate in top 5 Best Workplaces van Nederland We zijn vierde geworden in de verkiezing van Best Workplaces van Nederland voor bedrijven van 50-250 medewerkers. Read more news Samen Groeien met Chateau Amsterdam Bizzomate helpt Chateau Amsterdam verder groeien met workshop over samenwerken in teams Read more blog Marc Gelissen: “We want to be the greatest company to work with and for, now and in 10 years’ time” How does our founder see the future? Are we still working without hierarchy in 10 years’ time? And what type of customers will we serve? Read more news Marc Gelissen: “Before we knew it, we were Mendix partner of the year twice” Find out how we gave more shape to our everlasting goal of 'growing together' and grew into a company of seventy colleagues Read more blog 10 years of Bizzomate: “At Bizzomate people always look after each other, it goes beyond your work” Colleague Bart Poelmans who has been employed for over 10 years sees many similarities with his early days at Bizzomate Read more news 10 years of Bizzomate: “Being part of your colleagues’ development gives a lot of energy” Colleague Charles Bronzwaer was there during the hectic early stages of Bizzomate and shares his experiences Read more news 10 years of Bizzomate: “A lot has changed, but that family feeling is still there” Bizzomate of the first hour Jelle Boomsma shares his best memories of the past 10 years Read more news 10 year Bizzomate – the start Founder Marc Gelissen takes you back in time and shows you how the foundations were laid for the success of Bizzomate Read more news Bizzomate viert 10-jarig bestaan Persbericht Bizzomate 10-jarig bestaan. Read more news Bizzomate is Partner van MX Hack 2022: Low-Code for Good hackathon Uit Computable Magazine "Mendix presenteert partners MxHacks 2022: Low-Code for Good hackathon" Read more news Bizzomate in top 5 Best Workplaces van Nederland We zijn vierde geworden in de verkiezing van Best Workplaces van Nederland voor bedrijven van 50-250 medewerkers.

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With phones being as delicate as they are today, we understand that it is hard to avoid cracked screens! If your phone screen is cracked, we are here to help you fix it! Whether you have a tiny crack or your whole screen is shattered, our mobile phone repair service technicians can fix it all! AdvancedTech also offers cell phone accessories and laptop repairs! If you are interested in learning more about any of our products or services, please contact AdvancedTech today!

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Algunes fotos del Ball del Ciri i dels grups infantils i juvenils el dia de Sant Sebastià al matí a la Plaça de les Eres. En penjarem més.

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Publication details: Victoria University of Wellington Students’ Association, October 1918, Wellington Part of: The Spike: or, Victoria College Review Conditions of use Share: Other formats Connect ▼ Browse collection People Projects Works Subjects Autobiography; Biography; Journals; Correspondence Contemporary Māori and Pacific Islands Historical Māori and Pacific Islands Language Literary Criticism and History Literature New Zealand History Science and Natural History The Spike: or, Victoria University College Review, October 1918 First Term Previous Section | Table of Contents | Up | Next Section First Term. The two closing general meetings of the First Term were addressed by Rev. A. M. Johnson, M.A., and Mr. E. K. Lomas, M.A., M.Sc. Mr. Johnson took as his subject "The Message of the Bible to the People of To-day.' Dealing first with the matter of origins he traced the historical development of the Bible. The modern critical movements were referred to, and Mr. Johnson showed that these had only served to emphasise the fact that the Bible was in a special sense an inspired book possessing a very definite message to the people of to-day. Mr. Lomas spoke on "Christianity and Citizenship" and stressed the need for the application of Christian principles in every branch of civic life.

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Podríem definir l’APRENENTATGE I SERVEI com una activitat complexa que integra el servei a la comunitat amb l'aprenentatge de continguts, competències, habilitats o valors. En l'APS es fonen intencionalitat pedagògica i intencionalitat solidària. És una proposta innovadora que parteix d'elements tan coneguts com el servei voluntari a la comunitat i l'adquisició d'aprenentatges. L'aprenentatge servei és, doncs, un projecte educatiu amb utilitat social. La relació circular que s'estableix entre l'aprenentatge i el servei genera una nova realitat que intensifica els efectes de cada un per separat. L'aprenentatge millora el servei a la comunitat, perquè aquest guanya en qualitat, i el servei dóna sentit a l'aprenentatge, perquè allò que s'aprèn es pot transferir a la realitat en forma d'acció.

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El gas natural és una peça imprescindible per combatre els efectes del canvi climàtic a nivell global. El gas natural és una peça imprescindible per combatre els efectes del canvi climàtic a nivell global. 3′ Actualitat La UE inverteix 222 milions d’euros en projectes de medi ambient, natura i acció climàtica En total es finançaran 139 projectes, 11 dels quals a Catalunya i les Illes Balears Redacció 30/09/2017 20:51 !--akiadsense--> La Comissió Europea ha aprovat un paquet financer de 222 milions d’euros del pressupost de la Unió per impulsar projectes que contribueixin a preservar el medi ambient i lluitar contra el canvi climàtic. En total, es finançaran 139 projectes. La llista inclou un projecte per recuperar les poblacions d’àliga cuabarrada en zones diverses zones del mediterrani occidental, entre les quals les Illes Balears. També hi ha 10 projectes amb participació d’empreses, institucions o centres de recerca de Catalunya, que rebran un finançament de prop de 9,5 milions d’euros de la UE. El comisari de Medi Ambient, Assumptes Martítims i Pesca, Karmenu Vella, ha declarat: “En el seu 25è aniversari, el programa LIFE continua invertint en projectes innovadors amb un alt grau de contingut social, empresarial i ambiental. Estic entusiasmat de veure com el programa transforma technologies orientades al mercat en noves empreses verdes.” El comissari d’Acció Climàtica i Energia Miguel Arias Cañete ha afegit que “l’històric Tractat de París sobre el canvi climatic ha donat encra més impuls a les inversions amb un enfocament climatic intelligent”. “Amb aquests projectes fem servir uns fons públics limitats de manera catalitzadora: desbloquegem el finançament privat per protegir l’entorn, lluitar contra el canvi climatic i proporcionar energia més neta a la nostra ciutadania. Són aquesta mena d’inversions les que tenen una importància crítica si volem convertir les nostres aspiracions en acció”, ha explicat el comissari. El programa LIFE és un dels instruments de finançament de la UE pel medi ambient i l’acció climàtica. És operatiu des del 1992 i ha co-finançat més de 4.500 projectes arreu d’Europa i estats tercers, amb un finaçament directe de 4.000 milions d’euros que han mobilitzat, en total, 9.000 milions. Actualment hi ha més de 1100 projectes LIFE en marxa. El pressupost del programa de 2014-2020 compta amb 3.4000 milions en preus estimats actuals. canvi climàtic Nou comentari Cancel·la les respostes Comentari * Nom * Confirmació × Moltes gràcies. S'ha subscrit correctament al butlletí. Tanca Error × S'ha produït un error en processar la seva alta. Si us plau torni-ho a intentar en una estona o contacti amb nosaltres. Tanca Error × Cal acceptar els termes i condicions. Tanca Error × Cal omplir el camp del comentari. Tanca T'ha interessat aquest contingut? Subscriu-te al nostre butlletí i rebràs més informació al teu correu electrònic

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As we look to (finally) make our way out this pandemic, we can start to look at things with a bit more hope for the future. Hope and Spring go hand in hand – new life emerges from the mulch and rain of Winter. Seeds take root and trees and plants begin to sprout. With this new season comes changes in the air, pollen and heat, all of which can have a negative effect on your skin, if you don’t manage it right. With that in mind, here are some handy tips to help you manage the adverse effects of Spring on your skin. Spring Clean Your Skin The cold, dry Winter air can cause a build-up of dead skin cells and environmental toxins that stick around in your skin long after the colder months have passed. Have a thorough cleanse and release them but don’t overdo it! You can also up your exfoliation game as you spend more time outdoors and as you sweat more. If you have rosacea or acne, don’t use coarse, physical exfoliants but, rather go for gentle products with ingredients such as AHAs instead. Use a Face Mask You can use a face mask to boost your skin’s moisture after a long, cold Winter. It’s difficult to make exact recommendations, as everyone’s skin is so different but, generally, masks rich in Omega fatty acids, antioxidants and Vitamins A, C and E are a good option. Alternatively, if you have rosacea, go for masks with skin-soothing ingredients such as chamomile. Up the Vitamin C Use a product with Vitamin C to brighten your skin after a cold, harsh Winter – a water-based serum, for instance. Vitamin C is believed to slow the early signs of aging skin, prevent sun damage, as well as improving the appearance of wrinkles and acne. If you use Vitamin C in a water-based serum, your skin will have the best chance of soaking it all up and getting all the goodness it can. Swap to a Lighter Moisturiser Just as we say in Winter, where you should swap to a heavier moisturiser for the protection it brings from the elements, as we go into Spring, you may feel your current moisturiser is a bit too much. A lighter moisturiser will hydrate your skin effectively, while still allowing it to breathe, without drying out. You can stay out for longer without having to worry about itchy or dry skin due to the heat! Switch to a Lighter Foundation A heavy foundation may be great for Winter but, when the hotter months come around, starting in Spring, you’ll see that those heavy foundations decide to shed the Winter pounds and start running down your face. Switching to a lighter foundation will still give you great coverage, while allowing your skin to breathe in the heat, reducing sweat and keeping your skin clean and clear. Clean your Make-up Tools. This, of course, is something we should all be doing regularly but we all know that life can get hectic, so use this as an opportunity and reminder to have a thorough clean of all your tools! With brushes, such as our Miracle Brush, you can wash them with a special make-up brush cleaning solution, or just with shampoo. Wash out your brush with lukewarm water and shampoo until the water runs clear. Then, pat dry carefully and leave to dry in a warm place. You can also have a clear-out of your makeup collection – get rid of any products that have gone past their expiry date, have been opened for longer than the recommended number of months indicated on the packaging, or products that have just gotten too dirty – it happens! Unused products that are within their expiry date can be donated to charities if you find that you don’t need them! Keep up with the SPF! You should wear an SPF every day – even in Winter, even when it’s cloudy, even when you’re not really planning to go outside. It’s so important! If your SPF application consistency has been a bit slacking in Winter, however, this is your change to pick it up again! As we look forward to the Spring sun coming out, more and more, we can take this opportunity to turn over a new leaf as we get ready for Spring!

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El vestidor blaugrana celebra l'èxit europeu i remarca el creixement d'una secció després de «molts anys de treball» JORDI COTRINA 2 Es llegeix en minuts Raúl Paniagua Periodista ver + Per què confiar en El Periódico Barcelona 28 de d’abril del 2019. 22:20 0 Comentaris La decepció blaugrana de la Lliga, que si no hi ha cap sorpresa apunta cap a l’Atlètic de Madrid, ha quedat totalment compensada amb el camí fantàstic de l’equip a la Champions. Faltava fer un pas més per fer història i es va aconseguir davant el Bayern.Bayern La imatge final amb totes les jugadores saludant eufòriques el públic va ser el millor reflex d’un èxit que es pot completar el18 de maiga la final contra el poderósLió, campió de les tres últimes edicions. 📸🎉😀 👉 https://t.co/spAwNF0xA1 🔵🔴 #WeAreFootballers pic.twitter.com/xLbfr0nmf2 — FC Barcelona Femení (@FCBfemeni) 28 de abril de 2019 “És un dia molt bonic per a tothom, especialment per a les jugadores. És unreconeixement a molts anys de treball. Algunes van començar a jugar fa 14 anys. Les coses han canviat molt des d’aquell dia, va reflexionar el tècnicLluís Cortés, que el gener va substituirFran Sánchez. ¿Per què no hem de guanyar la final?” “Si som aquí és perquè el club va fer unaaposta molt fortaal seu dia. La secció està creixent, estem construint el projecte que ens porti a ser unareferència del futbol femeníeuropeu”, va afegir el preparador, disposat a continuar engrandint la llegenda. “Hem fet història. Ara som a la final. ¿Per què no l’hem de guanyar?”. Lluís Cortés dona instruccions a les seves jugadores en el partit davant del Bayern / JORDI COTRINA Cortés va recordar el seupassat, els partits en camps amb poquíssim públic” com els que es veuen cada cap de setmana a la Lliga espanyola. “Si som aquí és gràcies al treball de tota la gent que va ser aquí al seu dia”, va reivindicar el tècnic. Al Mini no hi va faltar el recolzament d’Ernesto Valverde,que unes hores abans havia celebrat el títol de Lliga. També hi va ser presentAleñá, mentre altres jugadors, comLuis Suárez, Ter Stegen, Busquets i Sergi Robertovan felicitar les noies a través de les xarxes socials. 📸👏 Ernesto Valverde ha complert la seva paraula i és al Mini. Gràcies míster! #ForçaBarça #FCBlive pic.twitter.com/o70ioFAr5Z — FC Barcelona Femení (@FCBfemeni) 28 de abril de 2019 "Som unes privilegiades" Notícies relacionades El Barça doblega el Bayern i jugarà la final de la Champions femenina per primera vegada en la seva història El Barça desmenteix que el fill de Laporta, que és agent futbolístic, hagi facturat operacions amb el club Les més felices eren les jugadores, que van saber resistir les escomeses del Bayern. “Sabíem que seriamés difícilque a l’anada. Hem sabut patir. Encara no som conscients què bo que és això per al futbol femení espanyol. Hem aconseguit que la gent s’adoni que som aquí”, va proclamarPaños, que va sumar el setè partit sense encaixar cap gol a Europa. “He vist que la pilota em passava per sobre i l’he aconseguit treure. S’han d’aprofitar aquests moments”, va explicar sobre la sevamagistral aturadaen un cop de cap. 💪 @alexiaps94 🔵🔴 #WeAreFootballers pic.twitter.com/qb6WtESInb — FC Barcelona Femení (@FCBfemeni) 28 de abril de 2019 Les mans de Paños i la serenitat deMarionaen el penal van catapultar el Barça. “He acceptat la responsabilitat amb ganes i il·lusió. És undia inoblidableper a tots els culers. Hem dedisfrutarperquè no sabem si es repetirà. Som unes privilegiades”, va comentar la golejadora. “Fa 17 anys que jugo i és un moment únic. Soc molt feliç”,va concloure Alexia Putellas. VEURE COMENTARIS Inicia sessió 0 Comentaris El més llegit L'últim Assignació pública Jaume Giró, l’únic conseller de Junts que ha demanat indemnització després de sortir del Govern Successos El cos era a la zona verda situada entre els carrers de la Marina i Aragó Iniciativa pionera Barcelona cobrarà des del març una taxa pel repartiment a domicili de productes ‘online’ Qualitat de proximitat La millor botiga i el millor bar de barri a Barcelona 2022, segons els mateixos comerciants Mundial de Qatar 2022 Els tres minuts que Espanya va estar eliminada Corrupció 23:38h La llarga ombra del 3% Sortejos 22:52h Euromilions: resultats del sorteig del divendres 2 de desembre del 2022 Sortejos 22:51h Sorteig Bonoloto del divendres 2 de desembre del 2022 Primera plana de l’edició impresa 22:49h La portada d’EL PERIÓDICO del 3 de desembre del 2022 Sèries d’èxit global 22:40h Plataformes de suport a l’audiovisual espanyol Facebook Twitter Instagram Qui som Contacte RSS Mapa web Publicitat Avís legal Política de privacitat i cookies Preferències de privacitat Altres webs de Prensa Ibérica Media: Buscandorespuestas.com Coche Ocasión CompraMejor Cuore Diario Córdoba Diari de Girona Diario de Ibiza Diario de Mallorca Iberpisos El Día Tenerife Sport El Periódico de Aragón El Periódico de Catalunya El Periódico Extremadura El Periódico Mediterráneo Faro de Vigo Fórmula1 Guapísimas Iberempleos Información Alicante Información TV La Crónica de Badajoz La Nueva España La Opinión La Opinión La Opinión La Opinión La Provincia Levante Levante TV Empordà Lotería Navidad Mallorca Zeitung Premios Goya Premis Oscar Regió7 Stilo Superdeporte Tendencias21 Tucasa Viajar Woman Cambalache

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Un any més, Vivisol Ibérica ha col·laborat en diferents iniciatives solidàries amb l'objectiu de visibilitzar i ajudar els afectats per l'Esclerosi Lateral Amiotròfica (ELA). Amb motiu del dia internacional d'aquesta malaltia, la companyia ha estat present a diversos hospitals espanyols amb un punt d'atenció informatiu a través del qual han ofert assessorament sobre la malaltia per part de pacients afectats per aquesta patologia i equips multidisciplinaris formats per neuròlegs, pneumòlegs, infermeres, fisioterapeutes, assistents socials, nutricionistes, endocrins i serveis de prestacions de cadascun d'aquests centres. Entre les activitats organitzades, s'ha dut a terme un repartiment de fullets i han ofert informació personalitzada sobre la malaltia a totes les seves esferes. A més, han comptat amb la presència de pacients que pateixen aquesta patologia els qui han aportat la seva visió personal del dia a dia. "La nostra intenció és donar visibilitat als malalts que ja la pateixen, estendre la informació sobre l'ELA dins de la població no afectada i en definitiva, fer per i per unir esforços en la lluita contra aquesta malaltia", detalla Enrico Spiaggi, gerent de Vivisol Ibèrica. "Des de Vivisol donem suport aquest dia i ens sumem a la lluita contra aquesta malaltia de la qual formem part de manera molt activa executant diversos programes d'actuació". Quatre CCAA, eixos d'aquesta campanya de visibilització Els estands situats a l'Hospital Universitari de Valme i l'Hospital Universitari Verge del Rocío han comptat, a més dels professionals de Vivisol, amb la presència de Patricia García, presidenta de l'Associació ELA Sevilla i altres membres de l'organització. Els Vivicare (Centres d'Atenció Respiratoris de Vivisol) a Madrid i Barcelona, ​​han estat els escenaris informatius en què personal tècnic de la companyia ha facilitat informació sobre l'ELA i les Teràpies Respiratòries Domiciliàries específiques per a pacients neuromusculars. Alhora, Vivisol ha donat 1.000 euros a l'Associació ELA de Castella-la Manxa i ha participat en diferents esdeveniments organitzats per l'associació aquests dies. Atenció de Vivisol a pacients amb ELA Des de l'aparició dels primers símptomes de la malaltia, Vivisol Ibérica té una part molt activa col·laborant i formant part dels equips multidisciplinaris d'atenció mèdica que hi ha als diversos hospitals on aquesta empresa presta els seus serveis. Així, s'encarreguen de la instauració de l'equipament mèdic, el control i el seguiment domiciliari a través dels seus infermers, fisioterapeutes i psicòlegs especialitzats en tractaments contra malalties neuromusculars, amb l'objectiu de fer que els pacients que la pateixen estiguin el millor possible i augmentin la seva supervivència, així com recolzar i ajudar els seus familiars en el maneig de la malaltia.

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The rain on a window are streams of water like the tears on your face. Water droplets turn into long flowing shapes and wobble randomly down to become drops again. Marije recognized in these changeable forms a metaphor for our confusing times in which everything seems to falter. But as always in Marije's work, there is hope on the horizon: the colored glass drops are the brilliant end result of the streams of water. On to a more beautiful world.

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Tots els articles estan subjectes a disponibilitat. TACO BELL, el disseny de BELL i les marques que hi estan relacionades són marques registrades de Taco Bell Corp.

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Selecció de lemes per centre: Sostenibilitat, patrimoni industrial, Reial Fàbrica, la indústria en l’actualitat, societat i integració cultural, planimetria-territori, noves tecnologies (la incomunicació en l’era de la comunicació), el temps, la dona i el treball en la indústria, artesania i posada en valor, patrimoni natural. LES GÀRGOLES (inclouran totes les temàtiques). Xarrades amb l’artista Xavier Monsalvatje: Converses sobre art, sobre expressió de les idees a través del dibuix. Xavier explica als alumnes el procés de creació de les seues obres. Realització dels esbossos per centres i lemes: Basant-se en l’obra de Xavier Monsalvatje els alumnes participants plasmen les seues idees en les seues pròpies obres. ← tornar Instagram Facebook Twitter YouTube WhatsApp © Ajuntament de l'Alcora — Avís legal · Política de privacitat · Política de cookies Administrar consentiment de cookies Utilitzem galetes per optimitzar el nostre lloc web i el nostre servei. Funcional Funcional Sempre actiu L'emmagatzematge o accés tècnic siga estrictament necessari amb la fi legítima de possibilitar la utilització d'un determinat servei expressament sol·licitat per l'abonat o usuari, o amb l'única finalitat d'efectuar la transmissió d'una comunicació a través d'una xarxa de comunicacions electròniques. Preferències Preferències The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. Estadístiques Estadístiques L'emmagatzematge o accés tècnic que s'utilitze exclusivament amb finalitats estadístics. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. Màrqueting Màrqueting L'emmagatzematge tècnic o l'accés són necessaris per a crear perfils d'usuari per a enviar publicitat o rastrejar a l'usuari en un lloc web o en diversos llocs web amb finalitats de màrqueting similars.

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Tot és a punt perquè el diumenge 20 de febrer se celebri una nova edició de la Botifarunner, la cursa de la muntanya de La Llacuna, després d’una parada de dos anys.. Torna amb moltes novetats: no serà competitiva, preus … Read More » Activitats, La Llacuna, Notícies botifarunner, cursa muntanya Leave a comment Botifarunner 2011 6 febr. La cursa de muntanya de La Llacuna arriba enguany a la seva 11a edició amb 2 curses: 22KM#laclàssica amb 22 km de recorregut i 1000 m de desnivell positiu 12KM#laràpida, amb uns 12 km de recorregut i 450 m de desnivell. La cursa … Read More » Activitats, La Llacuna, Notícies botifarunner, botifarunner 2011, cursa, cursa muntanya Leave a comment Comunicat de l’organització de la Botifarunner 21 febr. Des de l’organització de la Botifarunner ens fan arribar el següent missatge i ens demanen que en fem difusió: El próxim 25 de febrer, com bé sabeu, se celebra la 10a Botifarunner, la cursa de muntanya de la Llacuna. Voldríem … Read More »

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Nuorilang (grand and magnificent in Tibetan) Waterfall is located in Jiuzhaigou County, southwest China's Sichuan Province. Spanning 270 meters, it is the widest in China. Well-known for its stunning scenery, it is often hailed as China's Garden of Eden and is a popular spot for photographers. Some scenes from the famous Chinese TV series "Journey to the West" were filmed here. Open in CGTN APP for better experience Search Trends Information Recommend 10:37, 08-May-2021 Live: Natural beauty – China's widest waterfall – Ep. 23 Nuorilang (grand and magnificent in Tibetan) Waterfall is located in Jiuzhaigou County, southwest China's Sichuan Province. Spanning 270 meters, it is the widest in China. Well-known for its stunning scenery, it is often hailed as China's Garden of Eden and is a popular spot for photographers. Some scenes from the famous Chinese TV series "Journey to the West" were filmed here.

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Iván SÁNCHEZ-DÍAZ | Associate Professor | PhD | Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg | Department of Technology Management and Economics Home Chalmers University of Technology Department of Technology Management and Economics Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Chalmers University of Technology · Department of Technology Management and Economics PhD Contact Connect with experts in your field Join ResearchGate to contact this researcher and connect with your scientific community. Join for free Log in Contact Connect with experts in your field Join ResearchGate to contact this researcher and connect with your scientific community. Join for free Log in About Publications 71 Network Projects 1 About 71 Publications 20,761 Reads How we measure 'reads' A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more 1,277 Citations Citations since 2016 42 Research Items 1178 Citations 2016201720182019202020212022050100150200250 2016201720182019202020212022050100150200250 2016201720182019202020212022050100150200250 2016201720182019202020212022050100150200250 Learn about citations on ResearchGate Introduction Iván Sánchez-Díaz currently works at the Department of Technology Management and Economics, Chalmers University of Technology. Iván does research in Freight Transportation Engineering. Skills and Expertise Transportation Planning Transportation Urban Planning Logistics Simulation Urban Sustainability Optimization Modeling Spatial Analysis Econometric Modeling Additional affiliations September 2014 - July 2016 Chalmers University of Technology Department of Technology Management and Economics Göteborg, Sweden Position PostDoc Position August 2009 - May 2014 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Troy, United States Position Researcher Education August 2012 - August 2014 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Field of study Applied Mathematics August 2009 - May 2012 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Field of study Transportation Engineering August 2009 - May 2014 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Field of study Transportation Engineering Show All Publications Publications (71) Modeling urban freight generation: A study of commercial establishments’ freight needs Article Full-text available Aug 2016 Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Increasing urbanization, and the environmental and liveability impacts associated with urban activity, have directed attention to the need for sustainable cities. Achieving sustainable urban development requires including freight systems in strategic urban development plans. In this context, joint efforts involving academia and public- and private... View Shifting urban freight deliveries to the off-peak hours: a review of theory and practice Article Full-text available Nov 2016 Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Peter Georén Märta Brolinson This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on off-peak hour deliveries (OPHD). The review identifies different approaches and policy levers used in the past, such as the laissez-faire approach, a road pricing approach, an incentives approach, and a regulatory approach. The paper also identifies different delivery reception schemes... View Assessing the inequalities in access to online delivery services and the way COVID-19 pandemic affects marginalization Article Full-text available May 2021 Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Ceren Altuntas Arni Halldorsson This paper discusses the importance of incorporating online home delivery services (OHDS) into the concept of accessibility and marginalization. The authors propose a method to quantify access to OHDS and assess levels of inequalities in access to OHDS using data from OHDS providers in the pharmaceutical and food sectors, as well as from transport... View Electric vehicle routing problem with machine learning for energy prediction Article Mar 2021 Rafael Basso Balázs Kulcsár Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Routing electric commercial vehicles requires taking into account their limited driving range, which is affected by several uncertain factors such as traffic conditions. This paper presents the time-dependent Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Chance-Constraints (EVRP-CC) and partial recharging. The routing method is divided into two stages, whe... View +4 Assessing the magnitude of freight traffic generated by office deliveries Article Full-text available Dec 2020 Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz This paper studies the impact of offices on urban freight traffic. Research on freight activity generated by offices is very limited because they are not seen as important contributors to urban freight traffic, and because the amount of deliveries per office is very small compared to the number of deliveries per establishment in freight-intensive s... View Joint modeling of arrivals and parking durations for freight loading zones: Potential applications to improving urban logistics Article Dec 2022 Lokesh Kumar Kalahasthi Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Juan Pablo Castrellon [...] Carles Sentís Ros This paper analyzes truck parking patterns in urban freight loading zones by jointly modeling the vehicle arrival rates and the parking durations. Three models were explored: 1) Count data (Negative Binomial) for vehicle arrivals, 2) Survival (Weibull) model for parking duration and 3) A joint model for arrivals and duration. The count data model e... View +2 Enabling Factors and DurationsData Analytics for DynamicFreight Parking Limits Article Full-text available Aug 2022 Juan Pablo Castrellon Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Lokesh Kumar Kalahasthi Freight parking operations occur amid conflicting conditions of public space scarcity, competition with other users, and the inefficient management of loading zones (LZ) at cities’ curbside. The dynamic nature of freight operations, and the static LZ provision and regulation, accentuate these conflicting conditions at specific peak times. This gene... View Using Machine Learning to Predict Freight Vehicles’ Demand for Loading Zones in Urban Environments Article Aug 2022 Andres Regal Ludowieg Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Lokesh Kumar Kalahasthi This paper studies demand for public loading zones in urban environments and seeks to develop a machine learning algorithm to predict their demand. Understanding and predicting demand for public loading zones can: (i) support better management of the loading zones and (ii) provide better pre-advice so that transport operators can plan their routes... View +4 Managing household freight: The impact of online shopping on residential freight trips Article Full-text available Jul 2022 Joris Beckers Ivan Cardenas Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Freight transport management and planning traditionally relies on freight transport models. However, e-commerce has changed the way freight is transported and requires a paradigm shift in such models. In contrast to conventional purchases in physical outlets, there is a spatial and temporal disconnection between the purchase and the reception of go... View Dynamic stochastic electric vehicle routing with safe reinforcement learning Article Jan 2022 Rafael Basso Balázs Kulcsár Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Xiaobo Qu Dynamic routing of electric commercial vehicles can be a challenging problem since besides the uncertainty of energy consumption there are also random customer requests. This paper introduces the Dynamic Stochastic Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (DS-EVRP). A Safe Reinforcement Learning method is proposed for solving the problem. The objective is... View Using Data Analytics for Enhanced Smart Loading Zones Design Article Jan 2022 Juan Pablo Castrellon Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz View Property owners as possible game changers for sustainable urban freight Article Dec 2021 Alena Brettmo Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Commercial activity and the underlying freight movements supporting them are essential to urban life. Unfortunately, urban freight has negative effects on sustainability and requires innovative approaches to enhance the positive aspects and minimize the negative ones. There is a common understanding among practitioners, with support from the litera... View Value-Added Services at Dry Ports: Balancing the Perspectives of Different Stakeholders Article Oct 2021 Alena Khaslavskaya Violeta Roso Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Altuntas Vural The purpose of this study is to investigate which dry port services generate the greatest positive impact on stakeholders and their objectives. Stakeholders identified from the literature are the dry ports, the dry port’s municipality/region, the seaport, shippers, shipping lines, rail operators, and road operators. A method based on multi-actor mu... View +4 Energy-Efficient Retrofit Measures (EERM) in Residential Buildings: An Application of Discrete Choice Modelling Article Full-text available Jun 2021 Clara Camarasa Lokesh Kumar Kalahasthi Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz [...] Ian Hamilton Cross-country evidence on the adoption of energy-efficient retrofit measures (EERMs) in residential buildings is critical to supporting the development of national and pan-European policies aimed at fostering the energy performance upgrade of the building stock. In this light, the aim of this paper is to advance in the understanding of the probabil... View +1 Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and Urban Freight—Competition for Space in Densely Populated Cities Article Full-text available Jun 2021 Paola Andrea Cruz-Daraviña Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Juan Pablo Bocarejo This paper assesses the effects on urban freight transportation of implementing Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems. BRT systems have been widely implemented in Latin American cities in recent decades, with positive results driven by their high capacity and relatively low cost. Implementing BRT strategic corridors has led to changes in land use, and ha... View Generalized noortman and van es’ empty trips model Article Mar 2021 Carlos A. Gonzalez-Calderon José Holguín-Veras Johanna Amaya [...] Iván Sarmiento This paper presents a generalized Noortman and Van Es’ empty trips model that considers commodity groups and vehicle types. The model allows the analyst to quantify the contribution of empty trips by the various types of commodities. The model was validated using data collected in Colombia as part of the national Freight Origin-Destination Survey.... View State of the art and practice of urban freight management: Part I: Infrastructure, vehicle-related, and traffic operations Article Full-text available Jul 2020 José Holguín-Veras Johanna Amaya Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz [...] Jeffrey Wojtowicz The first in a series of two, this paper conducts a review of the public-sector initiatives that could be used to improve freight activity in metropolitan areas; collects data about initiatives that have been implemented and their performance; and produces a ranking of suggested initiatives. The review of public-sector initiatives is based on a com... View State of the art and practice of urban freight management Part II: Financial approaches, logistics, and demand management Article Full-text available Jul 2020 José Holguín-Veras Johanna Amaya Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz [...] Jeffrey Wojtowicz The second in a series of two, this paper conducts a review of the public-sector initiatives that could be used to improve freight activity in metropolitan areas, collects data about the initiatives that have been implemented and their performance, and produces a ranking of suggested initiatives. The review of public-sector initiatives is based on... View +3 The Role of Food Hubs in Enabling Local Sourcing for School Canteens Chapter Full-text available May 2020 Laura Palacios-Arguello Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu Natacha Gondran Public authorities are increasingly interested in fostering short food supply chains. Starting by increasing the share of local and organic food in school canteens has a big potential but requires the redesign of the physical distribution system to make short food supply chains competitive and sustainable. Food Hubs (FH) have been identified in the... View +3 The Role of Food Hubs in Enabling Local Sourcing for School Canteens Book Full-text available May 2020 Laura Palacios-Arguello Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu Natacha Gondran View A Multiclass Tour Flow Model and Its Role in Multiclass Freight Tour Synthesis Article Mar 2020 José Holguín-Veras Trilce Encarnación Diana G. Ramirez-Rios [...] Carlos A. Gonzalez-Calderon This paper summarizes the research conducted by the authors concerning the development of an analytical freight demand model that explicitly considers freight pickup and delivery flows by industry sector, the multiclass tour flow model (MC-TFM). The mathematical properties of the resultant model are investigated, including the convexity of the opti... View A Time-Efficiency Study of Medium-Duty Trucks Delivering in Urban Environments Article Full-text available Jan 2020 Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Laura Palacios-Arguello Anders Levandi [...] Rafael Basso This paper uses data from a major logistics service provider in Gothenburg (Sweden) to (i) identify the different activities in a typical urban distribution tour, (ii) quantify the time required by drivers to perform each of these activities, and (iii) identify potential initiatives to improve time efficiency. To do so, the authors collected GPS da... View Institutional catering: promoting a logistics system based on flows centralization in a food hub Book Jan 2020 Laura Palacios-Arguello Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu Natacha Gondran View Energy consumption estimation integrated into the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem Article Apr 2019 Rafael Basso Balázs Kulcsár Bo Egardt [...] Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz When planning routes for fleets of electric commercial vehicles, it is necessary to precisely predict the energy required to drive and plan for charging whenever needed, in order to manage their driving range limitations. Although there are several energy estimation models available in the literature, so far integration with Vehicle Routing Problem... View Implications of Activity Classification Aggregation in Urban Freight Trip Generation Linear Models Book Jan 2019 Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu View Understanding urban space and flows in relation to freight transport Presentation Full-text available Oct 2018 Jorge Gil Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Urban freight and urban planning co-exist in tension: the current urban paradigm induces freight demand in city centres, but due to restrictions logistic operations become inefficient and costly. For strategic planning there is a need to better understand the interactions between urban form and freight demand. We need freight demand models that int... View Exploring the Application of Urban Form Profiles in Freight Trip Generation Poster Full-text available Oct 2018 Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Jorge Gil This research aims to incorporate urban form characteristics in freight trip generation (FTG) models, and thus enable more interaction between practitioners through integration of their instruments and policies. From this perspective, the research addresses two questions: • To what extent does the urban form profile of a location influence the frei... View The Potential of Implementing Urban Freight Strategies in the Accommodation and Food Services Sector Article Full-text available Oct 2018 Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz This paper studies freight demand patterns of establishments in the accommodation and food services sector, and the potential of implementing urban freight strategies in this sector to improve local and city traffic conditions. This research uses data from the City of Stockholm and assesses the potential implementation of two strategies (i.e., cons... View +2 Towards a logistic organization for organic-local product supply Case of study: School canteen distribution system Conference Paper Full-text available Jul 2018 Laura Palacios-Arguello Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu Natacha Gondran The aim of the paper is to analyze, via a scenario assessment, which are the needs and requirements to carry out an evaluation of the logistics organization for a local and organic supply logistics schemas. In other words, we aim to assess the potential of increasing local production in institutional catering logistics systems. First, the backgroun... View The influence of aggregation level and category construction on estimation quality for freight trip generation models Article Jul 2018 Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz This paper analyzes the impacts of aggregation level and category construction on the relevance and quality of freight trip generation (FTG) models. More precisely, constant generations and functional form models are compared, as well as activity and activity-workforce categories. The paper proposes a method to compare constant generation and funct... View +3 Characterization and analysis of metropolitan freight patterns in Medellin, Colombia Article Full-text available Jun 2018 Carlos A. Gonzalez-Calderon Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Iván Sarmiento José Holguín-Veras Purpose: This paper seeks to pilot test a novel way to collect freight and service activity data and analyze the collected data in the metropolitan area of Medellin, Colombia. Methods: This research collects data using a multi-layer and multi-actor approach that includes surveys to receivers, suppliers, carriers, and truck drivers. The data are use... View Importance and Potential Applications of Freight and Service Activity Models Chapter Jun 2018 José Holguín‐Veras Shama Campbell Carlos A. Gonzalez-Calderon [...] Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz This chapter aims to raise awareness about the importance of the specific consideration of the needs of Freight and Service Activity (FSA) in transportation planning and management efforts. It also aims to exemplify the potential application of establishment‐level FSA models to support these efforts. FSA encompasses a wide range of activities perfo... View Accommodating urban freight in city planning Article Full-text available Jun 2018 Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Michael Browne View Spatial patterns of logistics facilities in Gothenburg, Sweden Article Mar 2018 Adeline Heitz Laetitia Dablanc Jerry Olsson [...] Johan Woxenius In recent years, the location of logistics facilities, in particular with regard to “logistics sprawl,” has emerged as a topic in the literature that is, a process of spatial decentralisation of logistics facilities in large metropolitan areas. The aim of this paper is to look at logistics sprawl patterns in the Gothenburg metropolitan area, in the... View The New York City Off-Hour Delivery Program: A Business and Community-Friendly Sustainability Program Article Feb 2018 José Holguín-Veras Stacey Hodge Jeffrey Wojtowicz [...] Brenda Cruz The New York City Off-Hour Delivery (NYC OHD) program is the work of a private-public-academic partnership - A collaborative effort of leading private-sector groups and companies, public-sector agencies led by the New York City Department of Transportation, and research partners led by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The efforts of this partnersh... View Exploring the relationship between urban form and freight trip generation Presentation Full-text available Aug 2017 Jorge Gil Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Traditional urban planning processes have limited interaction between different silos: urban environments and land-use ordinance are designed to fulfil community and economic needs; and infrastructure is planned to satisfy future residents demands based on existing and expected demographics. Some consequences of this lack of integration are the dis... View Urban freight-parking practices: The cases of Gothenburg (Sweden) and Delhi (India) Article May 2017 Leeza Malik Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Geetam Tiwari Johan Woxenius The paper provides insight into a comparison of the parking practices and problems of freight-vehicle drivers in Gothenburg, Sweden, and Delhi, India. The purpose of this study is to understand how parking problems are related to relevant characteristics of the study zones, e.g., geographical location, transport mode used for last-mile deliveries,... View Fostering unassisted off-hour deliveries: The role of incentives Article Apr 2017 José Holguín-Veras Cara Wang Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz [...] Jeffrey Wojtowicz This paper describes the chief findings of research conducted to assess the willingness of receivers of supplies to accept unassisted off-hour deliveries (U-OHD), which are those conducted outside regular business hours and without the assistance of the receiving establishment staff. U-OHD have potential to increase economic competitiveness, reduce... View Sustainable Urban Freight Systems and Freight Demand Management Article Full-text available Dec 2016 José Holguín-Veras Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Michael Browne The paper defines the field of Freight Demand Management (FDM) and positions it in the broad range of public sector initiatives aimed at improving urban freight activity. To illustrate the magnitude of the impacts of FDM, the paper estimates the contributions to freight traffic by the various industry sectors in a sample of metropolitan areas, esta... View Exploring Carriers’ Perceptions About City Logistics Initiatives Article Full-text available Dec 2016 Evandro Manzano dos Santos Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz This paper presents an attitudinal study conducted in Brasilia FD (Brazil). Carrier managers are inquired about their operational characteristics, problems faced on urban freight distribution, and a set of city logistics initiatives (CLI). The respondents are also asked about their perception on external factors affecting the implementation of thes... View Exploring the Role of Urban Form on Freight Trip Generation Poster Full-text available Oct 2016 Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Jorge Gil This research: - Proposes a hybrid methodology with elements from urban form (i.e., street network analysis such as centrality measurements, connectivity, and density) and freight transportation engineering (i.e., freight trip generation data and models). - Assesses the role of urban form on freight trip generation using the metropolitan area of Go... View Assessing the implications of aggregating data by activity-based categories for urban freight trip generation modeling Conference Paper Full-text available Jun 2016 Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu Christian Ambrosini This paper studies the implication of aggregating establishments by categories with different levels of detail for modeling urban freight trip generation. To this effect, the authors use a dataset of 2.970 establishments collected in 1998-1999 in France to conduct a formal assessment of FTG patterns homogeneity inside the traditional activity-based... View Identifying Freight Intermediaries: Implications for Modeling of Freight Trip Generation Article Sep 2015 Miguel Jaller Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz José Holguín-Veras This study discusses freight trip generation of pure receiver establishments, establishments that only receive goods, and freight intermediaries, establishments that both receive and ship goods. In addition, freight trip attraction and freight trip production patterns of establishments in different industry sectors were compared by using freight ge... View A time-dependent freight tour synthesis model Article Aug 2015 Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz José Holguín-Veras Xuegang (Jeff) Ban This paper introduces a model of urban freight demand that seeks to estimate tour flows from secondary data sources e.g., traffic counts, to bypass the need for expensive surveys. The model discussed in this paper, referred as Freight Tour Synthesis (FTS), enhances current techniques by incorporating the time-dependent tour-based behavior of freigh... View Freight Demand Management and the Potential of Receiver-Led Consolidation programs Article Jul 2015 José Holguín-Veras Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz The paper defines the field of Freight Demand Management (FDM), and positions it as an important component of transportation policy and management. To establish the rationale for FDM, the paper studies the effects of the agent interactions at the core of supply chains, and identifies the important role played by the receivers of supplies in determi... View NCFRP Report 33: Improving Freight System Performance in Metropolitan Areas: A Planning Guide. Book Full-text available Feb 2015 José Holguín-Veras Johanna Amaya Jeffrey Wojtowicz [...] Michael Browne NCFRP Report 33: Improving Freight System Performance in Metropolitan Areas: A Planning Guide provides a regional public planning guide that identifies potential strategies and practical solutions for public and private stakeholders to improve freight movement system performance in diverse metropolitan areas. The Guide is intended to serve as a com... View Freight Generation and Freight Trip Generation Models Chapter Dec 2014 José Holguín-Veras Miguel Jaller Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz [...] Catherine T Lawson This chapter provides an overview of freight generation (FG) and freight trip generation (FTG) modeling for urban areas. To this effect, the authors discuss the literature, propose a logistical interpretation of FG and FTG, summarize the key factors for effective FG and FTG modeling, and describes the FTG models developed for New York City. The cha... View ETC adoption, time-of-travel choice, and comprehensive policies to enhance time-of-day pricing: a stated preference investigation Article Full-text available Dec 2014 Jose Holguin-Veras Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Benjamin Reim The main objective of this paper is to gain insight into the interconnections between the decision to use electronic toll collection, the choice of time-of-travel, and comprehensive policies that enhance the effectiveness of time-of-day pricing. This is an important topic of research because of pricing’s potential role in transportation demand mana... View An exploratory analysis of spatial effects on freight trip attraction Article Full-text available Dec 2014 Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz José Holguín-Veras Cara Wang This paper conducts an exploratory analysis of freight trip attraction and its relationship with key features of the urban environment. Using establishment level data, the authors explore the role of business attributes, as well as network and land use descriptors. The research uses data from 343 establishments from five different industry sectors... View Off-­Hour Delivery Programs Chapter Nov 2014 José Holguín-Veras Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Miguel Jaller [...] Stacey Hodge View Transferability of Freight Trip Generation Models Article Full-text available Jan 2014 Jose Holguin-Veras Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Catherine T Lawson [...] Hyeonshic Shin The main objective of this paper is to assess, and define ways to enhance, the transferability of freight trip generation (FTG) models. After presenting the key premises that should guide the development of FTG models, the paper assesses transferability in two different ways. The first one is through the analyses of how well representative FTG mode... View Area Based Freight Trip Generation Models Conference Paper Jan 2014 Miguel Jaller Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Jose Holguin-Veras Catherine T Lawson The paper introduces a set of area based freight trip generation (FTG) models. In addition, the paper assesses the performance of the area and with employment based FTG models estimated by the authors in previous studies. The paper uses two samples of trip generation data from receiver and carrier companies in New York and New Jersey, collected in... View Freight Trip Attraction, Freight Trip Production, And The Role Of Freight Intermediaries Conference Paper Jan 2014 Miguel Jaller Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Jose Holguin-Veras This paper discusses the freight trip attraction (FTA) and freight trip production (FTP) patterns of establishments in different industry sectors. In additions, the paper compares the freight trip generation of pure receiver establishments, i.e., establishments that only receive goods, and intermediaries i.e., establishments that both receive and s... View Unassisted Off-Hour Deliveries and Their Potential Role in Freight Transportation demand Management: Results from an Attitudinal Survey Article Jan 2014 Jose Holguín-Veras Cara Wang Stacey Hodge [...] Jeffrey Wojtowicz View An Investigation of the Effects of Critical Infrastructure on Urban Mobility in the City of Medellin Article Jan 2014 Miguel Jaller Carlos A. Gonzalez-Calderon Wilfredo Yushimito Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Critical infrastructure refers to the type of facilities, services, and installations (e.g., transportation, communication, energy systems) that are essential for the functioning of a community, city or country. This paper describes the findings of the research conducted to identify the transportation network critical facilities (road links) and it... View Vehicle-Trip Estimation Models Chapter Oct 2013 José Holguín-Veras Carlos A. Gonzalez-Calderon Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz [...] Shama Campbell This chapter discusses the techniques available for estimation of vehicle trips, both loaded and empty, using the output of commodity-based models. To this effect, the chapter analyses the interconnections between mode and vehicle choice and the generation of loaded trips. In doing this, the chapter establishes the importance of producing solid est... View INTEGRATIVE FREIGHT DEMAND MANAGEMENT IN THE NEW YORK CITY METROPOLITAN AREA: IMPLEMENTATION PHASE Technical Report Full-text available Sep 2013 José Holguín-Veras Jeffrey Wojtowicz Cara Wang [...] Robyn Marquis View Urban Freight Tour Models: State of the Art and Practice Chapter May 2013 José Holguín-Veras Ellen Thorson Qian Wang [...] John E. Mitchell The main objective of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview of empirical findings and models that focus on urban freight tours. In doing so, the chapter provides background information; reviews the research literature; classifies the tour models in simulation, hybrid, and analytical models; discusses strengths and weaknesses of a samp... View Public Sector Freight Strategies in Metropolitan Areas II: Pricing, Logistics, and Demand Management Article Jan 2013 J Holguín-Veras Johanna Amaya Miguel Jaller [...] D. Haake View Unassisted Off-Hour Deliveries and Their Role in Urban Freight Demand Management Conference Paper Jan 2013 J. Holguín Veras Cara Wang S.D. Hodge [...] R. Marquis This paper describes and analyzes the chief results of an attitudinal survey regarding the willingness of receivers of urban deliveries to switch to un-assisted off-hour deliveries, i.e., deliveries that take place outside regular business hours without the assistance of staff of the receiving establishment, in response to a series of policy incent... View Public Sector Freight Strategies in Metropolitan Areas I: Governance, Supply Side, and Traffic Operations Article Jan 2013 J Holguín-Veras Miguel Jaller Johanna Amaya [...] D. Haake View Critical Infrastructure: A Case Study of Urban Mobility in Medellín Conference Paper Jan 2013 Miguel Jaller Carlos A. Gonzalez-Calderon Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Wilfredo Yushimito Critical infrastructure refers to the type of facilities, services, and installations (e.g., transportation, communication, energy systems) that are essential for the functioning of a community, city or country. This paper describes the findings of the research conducted to identify the transportation network critical facilities (road links) and it... View Estimated Generation of Freight Trips Based on Land Use Article Full-text available Dec 2012 Catherine T Lawson José Holguín-Veras Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz [...] Erica Levine Powers The effects of land use and business size (quantified as number of employees) on freight trip generation were analyzed. Standard trip generation rates, ordinary least squares, and multiple classification analysis were applied to a New York City data set. Three land use classification codes—the City of New York zoning resolution (NYCZR), the Land-Ba... View An empirical investigation on the impacts of spatial and temporal aggregation on empty trips models Article Full-text available Sep 2012 Carlos A. Gonzalez-Calderon Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz José Holguín Veras This paper analyzes the impacts of spatial and temporal aggregation of empty trips models. The authors analyze five models of empty trips (Noortman and van Es, and four Holguin-Veras and Thorson empty trips models) for different aggregation levels of six national freight origin-destination (OD) matrices. They were collected by Colombia's Ministry o... View The need for congestion pricing in Medellin: An economic perspective Article Full-text available Feb 2012 Carlos A. Gonzalez-Calderon John Jairo Posada-Henao Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz This paper presents a brief description of vehicular congestion in Medellin, Colombia, and discusses the need to implement congestion pricing (CP) from an economic point of view. It describes the license plate-based traffic restriction (Pico y Placa) in the city, showing that the measure is palliative, and that the implementation of CP is necessary... View Freight Trip Generation and Land Use Book Jan 2012 José Holguín-Veras Miguel Jaller Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz [...] L.A. Tavasszy View Freight Trip Generation and Land Use Book Jan 2012 José Holguín-Veras Miguel Jaller Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz [...] L.A. Tavasszy View +35 NCHRP Report 739 / NCFRP Report 19: Freight Trip Generation and Land Use Book Full-text available Jan 2012 José Holguín Veras Miguel Jaller Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz [...] L.A. Tavasszy TRB joint National Cooperative Freight Research Program (NCFRP) Report 19/National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 739: Freight Trip Generation and Land Use explores the relationship between freight trip generation and land use. The report consolidates available freight trip generation models in an electronic database to assist... View Time-Dependent Effects on Parameters of Freight Demand Models Article Full-text available Oct 2011 José Holguín-Veras Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz Carlos A. Gonzalez-Calderon [...] Ellen Thorson Seven national freight origin-destination samples collected in Colombia from 1999 to 2005 were used to conduct an empirical investigation of the temporal stability of parameters of freight demand models in the short to medium term. Freight generation, freight distribution, and empty trip models were considered. To identify time-dependent effects, m... View Comparison Between Industrial Classification Systems in Freight Trip Generation (FTG) Modeling Conference Paper Jan 2011 Shama Campbell Miguel Jaller Iván Darío Sánchez-Díaz [...] Catherine T Lawson This paper compares two different industry classification systems used in freight trip generation (FTG) modeling, i.e. Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) and the North American Industry Classifications System (NAICS). The analysis focuses on the difference in the types of models generated and the models' ability to replicate the input data by...

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La Comissió Nacional de Telecomunicacions estatunidenca (FCC) està preparant una norma que permetria que es pogués cobrar perquè els continguts de certs clients vagin més ràpids que els de la resta, el que posaria en perill la neutralitat de la xarxa que garanteix que tots els continguts circulin a la mateixa velocitat. La normativa, que es votaria a finals d’any, respon a una sentència judicial a favor de l’empresa Verizon que va demandar a la FCC perquè li prohibia establir diferents preus de descarrega. Això suposaria que els continguts que circulessin sobre aquestes autopistes de la informació de pagament arribarien més ràpid als seus consumidors, relegant a la resta a un segon pla. De moment la Unió Europea es mostra a favor de mantenir la neutralitat de la xarxa. I països com Brasil, Holanda, Xile o Equador, ja han legislat aquest aspecte per tal de garantir la neutralitat d’Internet.

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El 9 de gener és el novè dia de l'any del calendari gregorià. Queden 356 dies per a finalitzar l'any i 357 en els anys de traspàs.

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us recordem que aquest proper dissabte dia 10 de novembre el Club Newton realitzarà la seva plantada mensual de telescopis a l’observatori de Porto Cristo, al costat de la Torre dels Falcons. L’activitat començarà sobre les 9 del vespre, i -si el temps ens es favorable- podrem contemplar nombrosos objectes de cel profund, a part del brillant Júpiter i els seus satèl·lits i bandes equatorials. Pel què fa als objectes de cel profund, en podrem observar (entre altres) els següents: La Gran Galàxia d’Andròmeda: El Doble Cúmul de Perseu: La Galàxia del Triangle: El Cúmul de les Cabrelles: La Gran Nebulosa d’Orió: I també, per suposat, podrem gaudir del començament de la segona pluja d’estels més important de tot l’any: les Leònides. Aquesta pluja d’estels de novembre sol tenir anys molt espectaculars, com la de l’any 1998. Aquell any va ser considerat com una autèntica tempesta d’estrels: fins a 200 meteors/hora, amb moments puntuals de fins a més de 1000 meteors/hora. Per enguany només hi ha estipulat un THZ de 15 meteors/hora, però sempre pot haver-hi alguna sorpresa. El màxim serà dia 17, però ja aquesta setmana es toquen veure’s alguns estels fugissers travessant el cel. Les Leònides, des de l’espai. Cal recordar que el cometa responsable d’aquesta pluja és el Temple-Tuttle. Això sí, la pluja d’estels que gaudirem aquest cap de setmana és la de les Tàurides, que té el màxim entre dia 5 i dia 12 de novembre. Això vol dir que aquest dissabte podem veure bòlids provinents de Taure a 25 km/s. L’orígen d’aquesta pluja la trobem al cometa Encke. Us esperam a tots i a totes dissabte vinent! Moltes gràcies. Share this post 6 de noviembre de 2012 Views 288 Guia del cel d'octubre 6 de noviembre de 2012 Views 288 Taller de constel·lacions Search Categorías Actividades 35 Archivos 8 Articulos 7 Efemérides 10 General 218 Links 1 Messier 1 Notícias 24 Popular posts Algú ha vist el Loneos? Views 375 El Projecte de l’Observatori de Portocristo: A la fi!! Views 498 1er cicle de conferències d’astronomia i geografia 2012 Views 773 Tags activitats astronomia club febrer juliol Mallorca Messier moon night neil armstrong newton octubre plantada setembre sortida telescopi telescopis.

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Per poder-te proporcionar la millor experiència en aquesta web, usem cookies. Si continues navegant per la web, assumirem que estàs d'acord amb l'ús de cookies.D'acord

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La tradició de les càbiles, de temps antic, es manté des de fa més d’un segle. Abans tot era més nou, la gent ho gaudia més. Això ens han contat vells caçadors de Cullera quan els hem preguntat. Un dels comentaris que més ens han repetit ha estat que abans els homes vells tiraven d’una altra manera. Aquesta caça és de gaudi. L’últim és matar la peça, perquè en aquest moment acaba tot. Avui no es caça amb repòs, hi ha massa pressa. Diuen els majors que fa dècades aquesta celebració s’allargava als quinze dies. Ara, però els caçadors són conscients que els recursos naturals no donen més de si i critiquen l’ambició depredadora d’alguns dels seus companys. Un antic caçador ens diu que en les càbiles hi ha normes i s’han de complir. Hi ha gent que si no hagués controls i poguera acabar amb l’espècie, ho faria. Les càbiles i les tirades són per a que a qui li agrade ho puga gaudir, però no per acabar amb espècies d’ànecs i altres aus. Sols cal tenir seny i responsabilitat. Eixa que els homes vells sí tenen. Per tradició, el de gener sempre ha estat l’últim mes de tirades i càbiles. Una pràctica que ha perdurat en els temps des de fa anys i panys. Vos mostrem un testimoni gràfic d’unes tirades antigues. De la nostra memòria col·lectiva. Imatge 1: caçador en la joca. Imatge 2: caçadors en la joca i en barquet. Imatge 3: apuntant al pato. Imatge 4: eixida del barquet. Anterior La residència Cap Blanc treballa a destall per mantenir-se allunyada dels virus Siguiente El Perelló repartirà més de 208.000 euros en ajudes a empreses i persones autònomes TELEVISIÓ- RÀDIO - PODCASTS HORARIS BUS URBÀ DE CULLERA EL TEMPS EL MÉS LLEGIT El regidor Cuenca signà en 2019 la sol·licitud d’expulsió de Sanjuán del Partit Popular Amas de casa Tyrius de Cullera Comença el XXXIV Concurs de Teatre de les falles de Cullera L’horari d’estiu del bus urbà Diari de la plaga. El nou llibre d’Emili Piera Se suspenen les festes majors i patronals de Cullera 2021 L’Expressió, periòdic independent de participació ciutadana pertany al grup editorial El Petit Editor. Fundat en 1991 – II època – Dipòsit legal: V-2612-1991 Fundadors: Francisco Muñoz, Gerardo López i Francisco Martínez Subscripció Si voleu rebre l’Expressió en casa envieu-nos un correu (postal o electrònic) o telefoneu -nos. Estarem encantats d’atendre-vos. Recepció d’articles fins el dia 20 de cada mes. L’Expressió és una publicació oberta i plural. Respecta la llibertat d’expressió i l’ús dels seus col·laboradors, de manera que no es fa responsable dels articles signats. Igualment, es compromet a acceptar rèpliques, matitzacions, suggeriments o queixes procedents de lectors que siguen d’interès general. Els escrits podran redactar-se en valencià o castellà i és recomanable que s’aporten fotografies per il·lustrar els articles. Per a una millor relació, caldrà que entreguen els articles signats, amb el número de DNI, adreça i telèfon. D’aquestes dades sols es publicarà el nom i el cognom. La resta són confidencials i estan sotmeses a la protecció de dades legalment estipulada. En què així es sol·licite l’Expressió podrà publicar els articles amb pseudònim, però haurà de disposar de les dades de l’autor/a. L’Expressió i els seus col·laboradors autoritzen la reproducció, total o parcial, sempre que s’esmente la procedència. Fet a Cullera.

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Un equip multidisciplinar amb la creació i gestió de Marques com a fil conductor. Enfoquem cada repte a partir de la descoberta del potencial de cada projecte. Una mirada global que descomposem en detalls per tal d’aconseguir resultats diferencials i personalitzats a cada necessitat. Desenvolupem els projectes amb un tracte molt personal amb els nostres clients. Posant en comú inquietuds, compartint idees i plantejant solucions. Una relació propera on la complicitat es converteix en l’autèntic motor desenvolupador de projectes. Amb una visió de projecte global des de la perspectiva del dissenyador gràfic. Entenem que la creativitat i alhora visió conceptual del dissenyador és un catalitzador privilegiat per desenvolupar projectes, descobrir oportunitats i afavorir l’èxit en les necessitats gràfic comunicatives de les empreses. Serveis Brandway ofereix un ampli ventall de serveis implicats en l’estudi, creació i desenvolupament de projectes de comunicació visual. Des de les eines estratègiques i conceptuals per a la gestió de projectes a la concreció formal a través de les diferents disciplines que articula el disseny gràfic: fotografia, il.lustració, edició de video, tipografia, 3D, multimèdia, etc. Aquestes capacitats solucionaran els reptes que es plantegin en els diferents àmbits i escenaris comunicatius que el Branding orquestra: Des de la Identitat Visual, projectes web, catàlegs fins al disseny d’espais, stands, disseny de producte… Un univers d’espais comunicatius on desenvolupar i fer créixer una Marca. Aquest univers és extens i difícilment limitable. Tot i així us concretem alguns dels serveis tant estratègics com gràfics i escenaris comunicatius on projectar la Marca. Concepte i disseny Concepte de Marca Estudi per a la definició de la personalitat i diferenciació de Marca. Misssatge verbal Definició verbal de la personalitat i estil comunicatiu de la Marca. Naming Construcció del nom de Marca adaptat a la seva identitat i valors diferencials. Concepte de producte Estudi específic de les necessitats funcionals i comunicatives pròpies del producte derivat de la Marca.

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Join us tomorrow night, April 17th from 7-10pm for the opening reception and celebration of GUTS! This unique exhibition features new artwork, prints, and originals by 60+ artists from around the globe. Artists have made a variety of fiber sculptures, hand-sewn details, intricate illustrations, and paintings that share the truths, uncovered mysteries, and fabricated stories behind some of life's greatest questions! Artists have taken it upon themselves to investigate some of their favorite subjects- taking on the role of scientists, archeologists, and detectives! The GUTS exhibition features a collection of new work by guest artist, Lana Crooks! Lana is a Chicago-based artist and curator who has been working with us over the past couple days to hang her 15ft wall installation filled with tiny treasures, hand-felted skulls, cut wood pieces, and more! You will be able to see all of Lana's work available this Friday at the opening and on our online shop! 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L'arquitectura japonesa (日本建築, , Nihon kenchiku?) té una llarga història, com qualsevol altre aspecte de la cultura japonesa. Kinkaku-ji, Kyoto, construït originàriament al 1397, període Muromachi Tōdai-ji, Nara Tot i que amb forta influència de l'arquitectura xinesa, també mostra un nombre important de diferències i aspectes que podem denominar com a japoneses. Per a la majoria, els edificis que han sobreviscut fins als nostres dies i que mostren característiques de l'arquitectura japonesa tradicional són castells, temples budistes i santuaris xintoistes. En general l'arquitectura moderna japonesa reflecteix una influència internacional i poca connexió amb els mètodes tradicionals japonesos. Per a més informació de conceptes artístics, vegeu també art japonés. Contingut 1 Prehistòria 2 Arquitectura Asuka i Nara 3 Heian 4 Període Kamakura 4.1 Cases de te 5 Període Azuchi-Momoyama / Període Sengoku 6 Període Edo 7 Període Meiji 8 Arquitectura moderna 9 Arquitectes japonesos contemporanis 10 Vegeu també 11 Enllaços externs 12 Referències PrehistòriaModifica La prehistòria japonesa inclou Jōmon, Yayoi i Kofun, períodes que van des d'aproximadament 5000 aC fins a la primeria del segle vi. Durant les tres fases del període Jōmon la població era principalment caçadora recol·lectora amb alguns coneixements d'agricultura primitiva, i el seu comportament el determinen canvis climàtics i altres estimulants naturals. Els primers habitatges eren cases a cel ras consistents en pous poc profunds amb pisos de terra piconada i sostres d'herba dissenyats per recollir l'aigua de pluja amb l'ajut de gerres d'emmagatzematge. Més endavant, un clima més fred amb més precipitacions comportà una disminució de la població, i això propicià un interés en els rituals i hi aparegueren per primera vegada cercles concèntrics de pedra. Durant el període Yayoi Japó començà a relacionar-se amb la dinastia Han a la Xina, el coneixement de la qual i habilitats tècniques l'influïren. Es construeixen sòls falsos com a graners i magatzems que es feien amb eines de metall com serres i cisells. Una reconstrucció a Toro, Shizuoka, és una caixa de fusta feta de plaques d'espessor unides a les cantonades en una cabana de fusta i recolzada sobre vuit pilars. El sostre és de palla, però a diferència de la típica coberta a quatre aigües dels habitatges quadrats, té una senzilla forma de V a dues aigües. El període Kofun es distingeix per l'aparició de tombes en forma de monticles o túmuls (kofun literalment significa 'monticles antics') composts amb moltes cambres. Es pensa que uns monticles semblants a la península de Corea són influència del Japó. Al principi del període de les tombes, conegut com a "forat de pany kofun" o zenpō-Koen kofun, sovint s'usà la topografia existent, i s'hi afegiren fosses artificials fins a crear una forma distintiva de forat de pany, un cercle amb un triangle interconnectat. L'accés n'era per un eix vertical, que es tancava quan acabava el soterrar. Hi havia espai dins la cambra per a un taüt i un aixovar funerari. Els monticles es decoraven amb fang, figures anomenades haniwa. Més tard, se situaven els monticles en terreny pla i augmentaren considerablement. Entre molts a Nara i Osaka, destaca la tomba Daisen-kofun, designada com a tomba de l'emperador Nintoku, que cobreix 32 hectàrees i degué decorar-se amb 20.000 haniwes. A la fi del període Kofun, es perdé el costum d'inhumar els difunts perquè els budistes hi introduïren la cremació. Habitatges reconstruïts tipus cases pou, a Yoshinogari, Prefectura de Saga, s. II o III Habitatges reconstruïts a Yoshinogari Magatzem de gra reconstruït a Toro, Shizuoka Reconstrucció de pis elevat a Yoshinogari Daisenryo Kofun, Osaka, s. V Arquitectura Asuka i NaraModifica Hōryū-ji, Ikaruga, prefectura de Nara (edifici del s. VII) Tot i que hi ha vestigis de construccions neolítiques en models de cases trobats en túmuls, amb prou feines són una introducció al budisme en què ja podem veure una tradició contínua a partir del s. VI de. Les estructures budistes i els edificis més antics de fusta que sobreviuen a l'Extrem Orient es troben a l'Hōryū-ji al sud-oest de Nara, i són exemples importants de l'arquitectura d'aquest període. El primer se'n construí a la primeria del s. VII com el temple privat del príncep hereu (el príncep Shotoku): es componia de 41 construccions independents; les més importants eren el corredor principal de l'adoració, o Kondo (passadís d'or), i Goju-no-to (pagoda de cinc parts), situades al centre d'una àrea oberta envoltada per un claustre cobert. El Kondo, d'estil semblant al dels corredors xinesos de l'adoració, és una estructura en dues parts construïda amb pals i bigues, tapada per un terrat de rajoles ceràmiques o irimoya. Al s. VIII la construcció de temples es focalitzà en el Tōdai-ji de Nara. El Tōdai-ji, construït com a exemple, és el complex religiós més ambiciós erigit en els primers segles del budisme al Japó. Els 16,2 m d'un Buda (acabat al 752) situat al passadís principal, o Daibutsuden, és un Buda Rushana, la figura que representa l'essència de les capelles dedicades a Buda, així com el Tōdai-ji representava el centre per al budisme imperial i la seua difusió al Japó. Solament alguns fragments de l'estàtua original sobreviuen, i l'actual passadís i el Buda central són reconstruccions del període Edo. S'arraïmen al voltant del Daibutsuden, en un vessant suau inclinat, un nombre de passadissos secundaris: el Hokkedo (passadís del Sutra lotus), amb la seua imatge principal, el Kannon Fukukenjaku (el bodhisattva més popular), fet a mà amb laca seca (drap submergit en laca i format sobre una armadura de fusta); el Kaidanin (passadís d'ordenació) amb estàtues magnífiques d'argila dels Quatre Reis Celestials; i el magatzem, el Shosoin. Aquesta estructura darrera és de gran importància com a amagatall d'història de l'art, perquè s'hi guarden els utensilis que s'usaren en la cerimònia de la cura del temple al 752, el ritual de l'obertura de la imatge de Rushana, així com els documents del govern i molts objectes seculars propietat de la família imperial. HeianModifica El To-ji i la seua pagoda (1644), prop de Kyoto en direcció a Kukai En reacció a la riquesa creixent i al poder del budisme a Nara, el sacerdot Kukai (més conegut pel seu títol pòstum Kobo Daishi, 774-835) viatjà a la Xina per estudiar Shingon, una forma de budisme Vajrayāna, que ell va introduí al Japó el 806. En l'adoració de Shingon hi ha uns mandales, diagrames de l'univers espiritual que influïren en el disseny de temple. L'arquitectura budista japonesa també adoptà el stupa en la seua forma xinesa de pagoda. Els temples erigits per aquesta nova secta es construïren a les muntanyes, lluny de la cort i la capital. La topografia irregular d'aquests llocs forçà els arquitectes japonesos a replantejar els problemes de la construcció de temples, i així escolliren elements més indígenes de disseny. Els terrats d'escorça de xiprer substituïren els de taulell de ceràmica; s'usaren taulons de fusta en comptes de pisos de terra, i una àrea d'adoració s'afegí davant del santuari principal. En el període Fujiwara, el budisme de "La Terra Pura", que oferia la salvació fàcil per la creença en Amida (Buda del Paradís Occidental), es feu popular. Alhora, la noblesa de Kyoto desenvolupà una societat que cercava l'elegància estètica. Tan segur i bell era el seu món que no podien concebre que el Paradís fora diferent. El rebedor d'Amida barreja el món humà i diví: conté imatges de Buda dins d'una estructura que s'assembla a les mansions de la noblesa. L'Hōōdō de Byodo-in a Uji, prop de Kyoto (1053) L'Hōōdō (El Rebedor del Fènix, acabat al 1053) a Byodo-in, un temple d'Uji al sud-est de Kyoto, és un dels exemples més importants de rebedors Fujiwara Amida que consisteixen en una estructura principal de forma rectangular flanquejada per dos corredors en forma de "L" i un de cua, sistema d'ala a la vora d'una bassa artificial gran. Dins del temple, una imatge d'or d'Amida (circa 1053) està instal·lada en una alta plataforma. L'escultura d'Amida fou realitzada per Jocho, que usà un cànon nou de proporcions i una nova tècnica (yosegi), amb què els trossos de fusta es tallen cap a fora com corfes i s'assemblen a l'interior. S'apliquen a les parets del corredor les talles petites de la revelació celestial; l'amfitrió creia tenir la companyia d'Amida per quan ell descendís al paradís occidental per endur-se'n les ànimes dels creients en el moment de la mort i transportar-los en flors de lotus al paradís. Les pintures Raigo (provinents del Buda Amida) a les portes de fusta de l'Ho-o-do són un exemple primerenc de Yamato-e, pintura d'estil japonés, perquè contenen representacions del paisatge del voltant de Kyoto. El temple d'Itsukushima en marea alta, 1168 Període KamakuraModifica Cases de teModifica Una altra creació del període era la cerimònia del te i la casa on es realitzava. L'objectiu de la cerimònia és passar el temps amb els amics que gaudeixen de les arts, netegen la ment de les preocupacions de la vida diària, i reben un bol de te servit d'una manera graciosa i amb bon gust. L'estil rústic de la caseta de camp rural s'adoptà per a la casa de te, accentuant materials naturals com els troncs coberts d'escorça i la palla teixida. Període Azuchi-Momoyama / Període SengokuModifica El castell d'Himeji (1346-1618) Dues noves formes d'arquitectura es desenvoluparen en resposta al militarisme de l'època: el castell, una estructura defensiva construïda com a casa d'un senyor feudal i els seus soldats en temps crítics; i el shoin, un corredor de recepció i àrea d'estudi privat dissenyada per reflectir les relacions de senyor i vassall dins la societat feudal. El castell d'Himeji (construït en la forma actual al 1609), conegut com el "castell de la Garsa Blanca", amb els seus graciosos terrats encorbats i el seu complex de tres torres subsidiàries al voltant del tenshu principal, és una de les estructures més belles del període Momoyama. L'Ohiroma del castell Nijo (del s. XVII) a Kyoto és un dels exemples clàssics de shoin, amb el seu tokonoma (el nínxol), la finestra shoin (dalt d'un jardí on relaxar-se), i àrees clarament diferenciades per als senyors Tokugawa i els seus vassalls. Període EdoModifica Jardí de la Vil·la Imperial de Katsura, 1615 El Palau Separat Katsura, construït a imitació del palau del Príncep Genji, conté prou elements dels edificis shoin i combina trets d'arquitectura clàssica japonesa amb exposicions innovadores. El complex sencer és envoltat per un bell jardí amb camins. La ciutat d'Edo fou repetidament incendiada i això conduí a una arquitectura simplificada per a una reconstrucció fàcil. Les andròmines velles s'aplegaven i guardaven a les ciutats properes per a l'hivern següent quan el temps sec ajudava a expandir el foc. Si es pegava foc i després s'extingia, Edo era ràpidament reconstruïda. A causa de la política del shōgun de Sankin kōtai, el daimyō construí cases grans i parcs de passeig. Kōrakuen és un parc que encara existeix des d'aquell període i està obert al públic hui dia per passejar-hi a pleret. Període MeijiModifica La façana de l'Edifici de la Dieta, 1920-1936 (国会) Les tècniques d'arquitectura moderna s'introduïren al Japó amb la restauració Meiji del 1868. Les primeres construccions d'aquest període combinaven els mètodes tradicionals japonesos amb fusta amb els mètodes i dissenys occidentals. El col·legi elemental Kaichi (1876) a la ciutat de Matsumoto, prefectura de Nagano, és una típica aproximació d'aquest híbrid entre Orient i Occident adaptat a les escoles del país. Després de la Primera Guerra mundial l'arquitectura tradicional japonesa sofrí una gran transformació quan arquitectes com Frank Lloyd Wright (1869-1959) dels Estats Units i Bruno Taut (1880-1938) d'Alemanya arribaren a treballar al Japó. Arquitectura modernaModifica Els Gimnasos Nacionals de les Olimpíades de Tòquio de Kenzō Tange (1961 - 1964) Com en altres aspectes de la cultura i societat japonesa, el salt que la tecnologia moderna dugué es va notar també en l'arquitectura. La necessitat de reconstruir Japó després de la Segona Guerra mundial suposà un gran estímul per a l'arquitectura. Molts edificis contemporanis japonesos estan a un nivell altíssim en el món en termes de tecnologia i concepció formal. Un dels arquitectes japonesos més coneguts és Kenzō Tange, autor dels Gimnasos Nacionals (1964) per a les Olimpíades de Tòquio, que accentuen el contrast i la barreja de pilars i parets, amb terrats amplis evocadors del Tomoe (un antic símbol heràldic format per una voluta) i són declaracions dramàtiques de la forma i el moviment. Amb la introducció de tècniques constructives, materials i estils de l'oest al Japó de l'era Meiji, noves estructures de formigó i acer es construïren en fort contrast amb l'arquitectura tradicional japonesa. Japó tingué pes en el disseny dels moderns gratacels, per la seua llarga familiaritat amb el voladís per suportar el pes dels terrats dels temples. Frank Lloyd Wright fou molt influït per les disposicions espacials japoneses i el seu concepte d'interpretar l'espai exterior i interior, aconseguit molt de temps abans al Japó amb parets que s'obrin fetes de portes que llisquen. A la fi del segle xx, però, només en l'arquitectura domèstica i religiosa s'emprava l'estil tradicional japonés. Les ciutats s'alçaren amb gratacels moderns reflectint una assimilació total i occidentalització de l'arquitectura japonesa. Això ho veiem clarament en l'horitzó de la ciutat de Tòquio. Fuji Television building a Odiba de Kenzō Tange Calgué una planificació i reconstrucció d'àmbits urbans molt extensos per la gran devastació de la Segona Guerra mundial i hi afloraren arquitectes molt importants com Maekawa Kunio i Kenzō Tange. Maekawa, estudiós del famós arquitecte Le Corbusier, feu un treball funcional i amb un fons modern i internacional. Tange, que treballava al principi per a Maekawa, recolzava aquest concepte. Tots dos foren importants en la introducció d'idees estètiques japoneses als rígids edificis contemporanis, tornant als conceptes espacials i a les proporcions modulars del tatami (estores teixides), usant textures per a arrebossar el formigó armat i l'acer, i integrar així els jardins i l'escultura en els seus dissenys. Tange utilitzà el principi del voladís en un sistema de pilars i bigues evocador dels antics palaus imperials; el pilar -un element constructiu característic en la tradició japonesa de monuments de fusta- arriba a ser fonamental en els seus dissenys. Fumihiko Maki avançà noves idees urbanístiques basades en el principi de construir al voltant d'un espai intern (oku), un concepte espacial japonés que s'adaptà a les necessitats urbanes. Ell també advocà a favor de l'ús dels espais buits o oberts, un principi estètic japonés que reflectia idees espacials budistes. Un altre concepte estètic essencial de l'estètica japonesa era la base dels dissenys de Maki, centrats en obertures sobre el jardí a nivell del sòl. Un concepte arquitectònic dominant en els anys 70 fou el “metabolisme” de la convertibilitat, la missió de la qual era canviar les funcions de part dels edificis segons l'ús donat. Kyoto Concert Hall, Kyoto, d'Arata Isozaki Un dels arquitectes més importants dels 70 i 80 fou Isozaki Arata, un estudiant associat a Tange, que també basava el seu estil en la tradició de Le Corbusier i després explorà formes geomètriques i siluetes cúbiques. Sintetitzà conceptes occidentals d'alta tecnologia de l'edifici amb idees espacials, funcionals i decoratives típiques del Japó, creà així un estil japonés modern. La predilecció d'Isozaki per la reixeta cúbica i la pèrgola a gran escala, per les cambres cuirassades semicirculars en l'escala dels edificis domèstics, i pel cuirassat de barril estés als edificis baixos i allargats el conduí a un nombre de variacions cridaneres. Els seus dissenys influenciaren els arquitectes de la Nova Ona dels anys 80, i els empentà a ampliar el seu estil equilibrat, sovint manierista, o reaccionant en contra. Hotel Westin Awaji Island a l'illa Awaji, Japó, de Tadao Ando, 1991 Un bon nombre de grups avantguardistes experimentals entraren en la Nova Ona dels darrers anys 70 i 80. Modificaren les idees geomètriques formals sobre l'estructura del modernisme introduint conceptes metafísics, produint així alguns efectes alarmants de fantasia en el disseny arquitectònic. En contrast amb aquests innovadors, l'experimental minimalisme poètic de Tadao Ando incorporà les preocupacions de la postmodernitat per un acostament més equilibrat, més humanístic que el de les formulacions rígides del modernisme estructural. Els edificis d'Ando donaren varietat de fonts de llum, incloent l'ús extens de rajoles de cristall i espais oberts a l'aire exterior. Adaptà els patis interns de les cases tradicionals d'Osaka a la nova arquitectura urbana, usant les escales i els ponts oberts per a disminuir l'atmosfera tancada de l'habitatge estàndard urbà. Les seues idees arribaren a ser ubiqües en els 80, quan els edificis es feien al voltant de patis o places obertes. Al 1989 Ando esdevingué el tercer japonés a rebre de França el Premi de l'Acadèmia d'Arquitectura, una indicació de la força internacional dels principals arquitectes japonesos; això produí estructures importants de l'exterior durant els anys 80. Arquitectes japonesos contemporanisModifica Tadao Camino Shigeru Ban Hiroshi Hara Wakabayashi Hiroyuki Arata Isozaki Toyō Itō Kisho Kurokawa Fumihiko Maki Takasaki Masaharu Kenzō Tange Kazuyo Sejima Ryue Nishizawa Junya Ishigami Ryue Nishizawa Yoshida Tetsuro Yoshio Taniguchi Vegeu tambéModifica Arquitectura xinesa. Castell japonés. Jinja (capella Shinto). Art japonés. Enllaços externsModifica JAANUS (Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System) diccionari en línia de la terminologia de l'art històric i de l'arquitectura del Japó (en anglés). Arquitectura tradicional japonesa, disseny i treballs en fusta a Amèrica del Nord. Galeria de fotos (en anglés).

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The last time I preached, Jesus announced the Jubilee of God. I suggested that we will likely find the rest of the Gospel filling out what such a Jubilee entails. If that is so, the blessings and woes at the beginning of the Sermon on the Plain (Lk. 6: 20–26) seem to be an odd way to have a jubilee. Usually we think that being rich and being well fed at meals filled with laughter and receiving lots of compliments is precisely how to have a jubilee. On the other hand, being poor and hungry while weeping and being reviled are all downers, but Jesus seems to suggest that these downers are what the jubilee is all about. As for Jesus himself, after he announced the Jubilee, he was spoken well of for about a minute and then it all tanked and he was driven out of the synagogue. So Jesus was already practicing his jubilee in terms of the Sermon on the Plain from the start of his ministry. Obviously we need all the help we can get for understanding these troubling and puzzling words, so let’s see what we can glean from the first two readings. Jeremiah also talks about blessings and curses. Does he mean that God curses people God doesn’t like? The people that Jeremiah says are cursed “trust in mere mortals and make mere flesh their strength.” (Jer. 17: 5) Sounds like these people are cursing themselves by rejecting God. The contrast of a tree planted by the water and a tree planted in salt land suggest that blessings and curses are simply natural outcomes of being grounded in God or not being so grounded. Jesus, then, picking up on Jeremiah, would be suggesting that the poor and hungry are grounded in God and the rich and sated aren’t. If that is true, then maybe being rich is overrated and is not such a great cause for jubilee. It is worth noting that the Rich Young Man went away sad because he had many possessions. The words of St. Paul from the end of his First Epistle to the Corinthians (1 Cor. 15: 12–20) with his anxious defense of the Resurrection suggest the possibility that the reversal takes place in the afterlife. Jesus does hint at that for the reviled and defamed. Maybe a better afterlife can also be some consolation for the poor and starving, but that does not otherwise help us cope with being poor and starving and slandered right now. And Jesus is saying that the poor are blessed now, not just later. The anxiety on Paul’s part is the denial of the resurrection on the part of some supposed followers. What’s the problem? If applying Jeremiah’s words to the Sermon on the Plain leads us to depend on God, we must depend on a living God, not a dead one. Only if Jesus is truly raised from the dead as the apostolic witness avers can Jesus be depended on right now. So, the big take from Jeremiah and Paul is that we are blessed if we are grounded in God and we are unfortunate if we are not. That much is certainly true and has the advantage of being a pretty big loophole where there didn’t seem to be one: we don’t have to worry about having some economic resources and being well-fed as long as we are grounded in God. But maybe this loophole threatens to be a trap. Surely Jesus is warning us that the more we have, the less likely we are to depend on God. At this point. I get the feeling I’m fretting that if I have one penny too many, I lose my blessing and become unfortunate. Same if I take one bite of food too many, laugh too much or get one compliment past my quota. There is no end to this spiral unless I stop and turn around. After all, these thoughts are all centered on self. There is no jubilee in such fretting and there is no depending on God either. But what if we think more about other people having something to eat and something to laugh about? What if we stop reviling other people and build them up by letting them know we appreciate them? Doesn’t this start to look a little more like the Jubilee announced by Jesus? If we take this approach, we start to see how we hinder these things and how our social system hinders them. This gives us cause to weep, but if weeping leads to making these things better, then we have turned tears into laughter. But the deeper mystery remains. Sometimes we don’t see the silver lining of being poor and starving, crying and being reviled and these things often happen as a result of doing the things listed above. Jesus is encouraging us by promising that the silver lining we cannot see is really there in the love we pour out for others. He should know, having gone through Gethsemane and the Cross. This is why we are blessed even in such times if we are grounded in the crucified and Risen Christ. Posted in spirituality | Tagged cross, Gospel Jubilee, Gospel of Luke, Jeremiah, Jubilee, paschal mystery, resurrection, suffering, \Sermon on the Plain in Luke | Leave a reply A God Who Does the Same Great New Thing Posted on April 5, 2019 by andrewmarrosb Reply Right after dramatically recalling God’s deliverance of the Jews from the Red Sea, Isaiah proclaims that God is “about to do a new thing; now it springs forth, do you not perceive it?” (Is. 43: 19) By his time, the Red Sea deliverance was an old thing, something the Jews repeatedly recalled, especially at the celebration of Passover. But at the time of that deliverance, it was a new thing that had sprung forth. Delivering escaped slaves through turbulent waters just wasn’t in the play books of deities at the time. God had changed the play book and revealed the hitherto unknown truth that God is a God who delivers victims and outcasts from the rich and the powerful. The new thing that Isaiah was proclaiming was another deliverance, this one from the Babylonian Exile. In this respect, the new thing that God was doing was a lot like the old thing: both were acts of deliverance from powerful and tyrannical rulers and both involved leading the people through a desert. One could say that God was actually doing the same old thing that God had done centuries earlier. During the ensuing centuries, the Jews repeatedly recalled the old deliverance, especially at times of crisis such as the Babylonian captivity, bringing the old act into the present in hopes for a repeat performance. Psalm 44, for example, recalls “the days of old” while complaining that the people had been “scattered among the nations” and had become “the derision and scorn of those around us.” Where are the deeds of old? The Psalmist asks. Isaiah replies that the deeds of old have returned, have become “a new thing,” a new act of deliverance. Isaiah affirms that God is a God who delivers victims and outcasts from the rich and the powerful. The old thing is a new thing. In our time, we might be tempted to think that both of these new things are old things, But we need to keep bringing them into the present time, making them new by realizing that God is always making these deeds new. When we don’t, we backslide. One of the most egregious ways we backslide is by becoming the oppressors of the poor and vulnerable that the Egyptians and Babylonians were. That is what happened between the two great “new” things God did for the Jews. Isaiah and Jeremiah and the other prophets denounced just such oppression. They were making clear that one of the principle ways of making the old things new and present is to imitate God by delivering “from the hand of the oppressor anyone who has been robbed. And do no wrong or violence to the alien, the orphan, and the widow, or shed innocent blood in this place.” (Jer. 22: 3) St. Paul proclaimed another great new thing accomplished by God: the death and resurrection of Jesus. In comparison with this, Paul declared everything else, most especially his accomplishments, as rubbish (to use a polite term). All Paul wanted was “to know Christ and the power of his resurrection and the sharing of his sufferings by becoming like him in his death, if somehow I may attain the resurrection from the dead.” (Phil. 3: 10–3) This may seem to be a different thing, even a radically different thing than the earlier “new” things God had done. What is particularly new is that instead of delivering victims and outcasts by mighty acts, God in Jesus Christ died on the cross, thus becoming a victim. In doing this, God subverted the power of oppressors from within their system. Rather than inflict violence on them such as drowning Pharaoh’s army in the Red Sea or sending the Persians against Babylon, God in Jesus Christ died at the hands of his oppressors. It is out of this death that a new life was inaugurated by God when Jesus rose as the forgiving victim. There are times, not least in Romans 5, when Paul proclaims the death and resurrection of Jesus in cosmic terms, but here in Philippians, he proclaims it in personal terms. The great new thing God had accomplished is inside of him. God’s solidarity with victims in Christ has completely overtaken everything else in Paul. Paul himself will prefer to be a victim rather than an oppressor or a mighty avenger who destroys armies. Christ Jesus has made Paul “his own.” (Phil. 3: 12) A woman pouring ointment all over Jesus to prepare him for his upcoming burial (Jn. 12: 7) may seem an eccentric act but hardly a significant one, hardly a great new thing done by God. But up to that time, how often had any person done such an act of outpouring generosity, giving everything she had in doing it? This looks like God in Jesus Christ completely making this woman, Mary, his own just as much as God in Jesus Christ made Paul his own. This is indeed a great new thing accomplished by God. Will we ourselves be part of this great new thing? See also: A Scandalous Woman as Extravagant as Jesus Posted in nonviolence, peace, spirituality, Uncategorized | Tagged Babylonian exile, crucifixion of Jesus, Isaiah, paschal mystery, Philippians, Red Sea, St. Paul | Leave a reply Transfiguring Darkness Posted on August 3, 2018 by andrewmarrosb Reply I was introduced to the Transfiguration of Our Lord when Raphael’s great painting of the event hit me between the eyes during my student travels in Rome. With the Feast of the Transfiguration coming during my church’s summer slump (and it wouldn’t have celebrated the feast anyway) I knew nothing about it. In many ways, I didn’t have to. The painting opened up a vision of a transfiguration of humanity beyond what I had thought possible. At the time, what faith I had wasn’t centered around any particular religious viewpoint but I was majoring in religion because I thought the subject dealt with the most important things in life. Seeing the painting was more of a religious awakening than I knew. I was, of course, impressed by the sublimity of the upper half of the canvas where Jesus is floating in the air with Moses and Elijah. But I was even more impressed by the inroads the transfigured light made into the lower half which is often interpreted as indicating sinful and benighted humanity. It has taken me years to see further into the significance of this chiaroscuro effect. Now that I have preached on the Transfiguration more times than I can count, I have had many occasions to study and reflect on it. I remain inspired by Raphael’s vision of the transfiguring light and fascinated by the Eastern Orthodox doctrine that holy persons can be filled with the uncreated energies that emanated from Mount Tabor. But under the influence of René Girard’s thinking about the scapegoat mechanism, I am most impressed by the proximity of Jesus’ death and resurrection to the transfiguring light. The narrative begins: “Now about eight days after these sayings.” (Lk. (9: 28) These sayings were about Jesus announcing that he was going to be rejected by the chief priests and scribes and be killed after great suffering, followed by Jesus’ famous words about carrying one’s cross daily. After the return from the mountain and delivering a demon-possessed boy, Jesus said : “The Son of Man is going to be betrayed into human hands.” (Lk. 9: 44) So it is that predictions of Jesus’ passion envelope the transfiguration. Moreover, on the mountain, Moses and Elijah speak to Jesus about “his departure, which he was about to accomplish at Jerusalem.” (Lk. 9: 31) So Jesus and his two great predecessors weren’t exactly whooping it up and playing games with primordial light. Both Moses and Elijah knew a lot more about persecution than they really wanted to know and Jesus knew what the scriptures said about them. There is much talk about the transfiguring light being an encouragement to Jesus and his disciples in preparation for the suffering ahead. There is truth to that and I have said as much in previous sermons. But the deeper truth I am seeing is that the suffering and death of Jesus is the transfiguration. The primordial uncreated energies have penetrated into the depths of human suffering, not only that of Christ but of all other people. This is the significance of the light reaching the people in darkness at the foot of the mountain in Raphael’s painting. A particularly bright spot of light lands on the chest of the boy Jesus delivers of a demon as soon as he comes down. What is the uncreated glory of God? It is that God would come to us in our darkness and suffer with us the sufferings that we inflict upon one another with the rage that makes us foam at the mouth and persecute one another. We can’t stay on the mountaintop, even if we should ever get there, but we can bring the mountaintop to others if we are willing to take up our crosses and follow Jesus down to the bottom where foul spirits rage and foam. What makes the glory of God glorious is that, as St. Peter says, the light shines in the darkness “until the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts.” (2 Pet. 1: 19) Posted in Gospel, nonviolence, René Girard, spirituality, Uncategorized | Tagged 2 Peter, cross, Elijah, Glory of God, Gospel of Luke, Moses, mount tabor, paschal mystery, Raphael, Raphael Transfiguration, Transfiguration, Transfiguration of Jesus, Uncreated energies | Leave a reply On Being Lifted up for Us Posted on March 16, 2018 by andrewmarrosb Reply As we draw near to Holy Week, the lections focus on Jesus’ anticipation of his Passion. Jesus’ famous response to the Greeks about the grain dying in the ground in order to bear fruit suggests a good deal of serenity on Jesus’ part. But one can imagine personifying a grain suddenly experiencing the pain of being ripped apart from within and panicking that it is dying before blossoming out into a new life beyond imagining. If somebody had quoted Jesus’ words to the grain before it happened, would the grain have been serene about what was to come? A brief reflection on our own nervous state about such an occurrence probably gives us the answer to that question. Jesus seems less serene when he says that his soul is troubled and raises the question if he should ask his Father to save him from this hour. But Jesus’ resolution returns in the very next verse: “No, it is for this reason that I have come to this hour. “ (Jn. 12: 27) The clear echo of Jesus’ anguished prayer at Gethsemane in the synoptic Gospels comes to mind here. Luke is particularly dramatic with the drops of blood dropping to the ground. The Epistle to the Hebrews stresses Jesus’ anxiety more than the Gospels: “Jesus offered up prayers and supplications, with loud cries and tears, to the one who was able to save him from death, and he was heard because of his reverent submission.” (Heb. 5: 7) It is significant that, although Jesus was not saved from death, his prayer was heard. Or was Jesus saved from death? After his Gethsemane-like words in John, Jesus says: “I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself.” John goes on to say: “He said this to indicate the kind of death he was to die. (Jn. 12: 32-33) I agree with the many scholars who take this verse and similar ones in John as conflating the cross and resurrection. John abounds in word plays and here John gives us a double meaning to “lifted up.” Jesus was lifted up on the cross and he was lifted up in the resurrection. This conflation has the danger of minimizing the reality of Jesus’ death, making it a quick and easy passage to the resurrected life. However, I see a strong tension in the way that John makes the expression “lifted up” do double duty. After being lifted up on the cross, the crucifixion remains an enduring reality even after Jesus is lifted in the resurrection. That is, it is not only the Resurrection but the crucifixion that draws people to Jesus. John gives a powerful stress on the victimization of Jesus as the focal point when Jesus says: “Now is the judgment of this world; now the ruler of this world will be driven out.” (Jn. 12: 31) The crucifixion judges the persecutors and the resurrection drives out the persecutory mechanism that has ruled the world. It is because, as the author of Hebrews said, Jesus ‘learned obedience through what he suffered,” (Heb. 5: 8) that he has the power to draw us to him. That is the say, the conflation can work both ways. It seems to dilute the experience of Jesus’ death but it also retains the painful death in the glory of the resurrection. This conflation shows how vital both elements are. Jesus was raised up on the cross as a victim of grave social injustice. God raised Jesus to vindicate Jesus and to demonstrate that the crucifixion, a disgrace in the eyes of the persecutors, was in truth the glory of God. (The Greek word doxa is another double entendre as it means both disgrace and honor.) We can speculate on how Jesus himself actually experienced his approaching death but can arrive at no definitive answers. Even the New Testament writers who dealt with it give us varying portrayals. It stands to reason that Jesus’ own emotions were at least as complex as the sum of depictions in the New Testament. But, as the author of Hebrews said many times, Jesus is the forerunner into persecution and death to give us the courage to face both ourselves. Posted in spirituality, Uncategorized | Tagged cross, death, Gethsemane, Hebrews, paschal mystery, Passion, Passion of Christ, persecution, resurrection | Leave a reply Jesus’ New Commandment Posted on April 22, 2016 by andrewmarrosb Reply Jesus’ “new commandment” to his disciples that they should love one another (Jn. 13: 34) is simple. Or is it? If it were as simple as it seems, everybody would love one another and everything would be fine. But everything is not fine. Violence continues to break out time and time again. We get a strong hint as to the difficulty of this simple commandment by noting the context immediately surrounding this new commandment. Judas has just left the group to betray Jesus. Does this new commandment apply to him? In the First Epistle of John, the author expresses this new commandment (1 Jn. 2: 8) by saying: “whoever loves a brother or sister lives in the light” but whoever “hates another believer is in the darkness.” (1 Jn. 2: 10–11) When Judas left Jesus and the disciples, John said: “And it was night.” (Jn. 13: 30) This verse is often understood symbolically. Judas has rejected love of Jesus and the disciples and so he is in darkness. Does this mean it is okay to hate Judas who is no longer a believer? Is this how we follow Jesus’ “new commandment?” In his first epistle, John follows up the love commandment with a denunciation of the “antichrists” who “went out from us” but did not “belong to us for if they had belonged to us, they would have remained with us.” (1 Jn. 2: 19) So, the “antichrists” had, like Judas, betrayed the Johannine community and once again, we face the pain we suffer through betrayal. The tone of John’s denunciations of the “antichrists” suggests that the new commandment does not apply to them any more than it applies to Judas. Does the new commandment mean it is okay, even righteous, to hate traitors? That is the impression the First Epistle of John seems to give. We all know how difficult it is to have anything but hatred for those who betray us. Loving a traitor seems impossible. For a small community living under pressure and threat, it must have been doubly difficult to forgive those who betrayed them. In Matthew and Luke, however, Jesus commands us to love our enemies. St. Paul and St. Peter say the same in their epistles. Moreover, the story of Peter being called to preach to the centurion Cornelius is a powerful example of Israel being called to expand God’s love to their traditional enemies, the Gentiles. It follows that whatever John may have thought about loving traitors and enemies, the overall teaching in the New Testament would have us understand Jesus’ new commandment in John as extending to everybody, even Judas. We should note, however, that although the synoptic Gospels don’t express the same cold anger at Judas, there is no indication of forgiveness for him, either. The thrust of these reflections is that the new commandment does extend to Judas but that John is also very frank about how difficult, even impossible, this simple commandment is. The key out of this impasse is the rider Jesus adds to the new commandment: “Just as I have loved you, you also should love one another.” (Jn. 31: 34) We are very prone to loving as we love one another. A big part of the way we love one another is to intensify our love by hating our enemies, especially those who have betrayed us. By abiding in our love for others, we hate those who are outside our group. If we abide in Christ’s love, then our love for others expands even to our betrayers because it is no longer our love, but Christ’s that moves in and through us. After all, Jesus had presumably washed the feet of Judas before Judas left. Might Jesus still want Judas to come back to the table? Would we welcome Judas if he should return? For further reflections on this theme see http://girardianlectionary.net/reflections/year-c/easter5c/ Posted in Gospel, peace, spirituality, Uncategorized | Tagged 1 John, betrayal, Gospel of John, love, love in the New Testament, paschal mystery, peace | Leave a reply Handing Ourselves Over Posted on March 24, 2016 by andrewmarrosb Reply Luke’s version of Jesus’ Resurrection is much the gentlest among the synoptic Gospels. No earthquakes and no women running off so afraid that they can tell nobody what they had seen at the empty tomb. The women were, indeed, terrified of the two men in “dazzling clothes” who appeared to them. But by the time, but before long they have remembered, with prompting from the men in white, Jesus’ words to them. Among the words the women were reminded of was that “the Son of Man must be handed over to sinners, and be crucified.” (Lk. 24:7) The key word is that Jesus was “handed over.” Jesus was put into the power of the sinners. However, something much deeper had happened than that. If we look back to Jesus’ prayer at Gethsemane, Jesus struggled with the fear that his ministry had come to nothing, but then he handed himself over to his heavenly Abba. (See Gethsemane) It was only after handing himself over to his Abba that he allowed himself to be handed over into the power of sinners. The death of Jesus is also portrayed more gently in Luke than in Mark or Matthew. Luke does not include Jesus’ anguished cry: “My God, My God, why have you forsaken me!” although Jesus did cry out in a loud voice. What he then said was: “Father, into your hands I commend my spirit.” (Lk. 24: 46) At the last, Jesus in handing himself over to sinners, had really handled himself over to his heavenly Abba. The words, in themselves, seem serene, but, in Gethsemane, where Jesus made his decision to hand himself over, his stress was so great that his sweat became “like drops of blood.” Commending himself to his Abba was not easy. On Easter morning, Jesus found himself alive because he did not try to grab his life with force, but rather, Jesus had given it up. Grabbing his own life with force would have entailed using force to lead an insurrection against the Roman Empire. In doing so, he could, for a time have thought that his ministry had come to something after all. But by trying to make his life secure, he would have lost it. (Lk. 17: 33) In receiving his life from his heavenly Abba, Jesus had the Abba’s life to give to all. This is why it was futile for the women to look for the living among the dead. (Lk. 24: 5) Jesus, very much alive, was not there. He was among the living, walking on the Road to Emmaus, seeking to make Cleopas and his companion more alive than they were, so that their hearts would burn as Jesus explained the scriptures to them. If Jesus had not given up his life to gain it, he would not have had such overflowing life to give to others. We too, are called to hand ourselves over to Jesus’ heavenly Abba. As our world grows more violent, we are tempted to do something rather than hand ourselves over to our Abba, but doing something in violent situations tends to keep them violent. Instead, we need to create space for the heavenly Abba to give us the life He gave to His own Son. In this way, we participate in Jesus’s death and in his glorious Resurrection. Posted in Gospel, nonviolence, peace, Uncategorized | Tagged Easter, Gospel of Luke, paschal mystery, resurrection, spirituality | Leave a reply Gethsemane Posted on March 22, 2016 by andrewmarrosb Reply Jesus’ prayer in the garden of Gethsemane may well have been the loneliest moment of all for Jesus. His disciples were not able to stay awake with him. Much worse, his disciples still seem not to have understood anything of what Jesus had tried to teach them. At what he knew would be his last meal with his disciples, a meal when he had poured himself into the bread and wine to give his life to his disciples and all others who would follow him, his disciples fought yet again about who was the greatest. (Lk. 22:24–26) As he had done many times before, he told his disciples that the one who would be first would be the one who served, but he must have realized his words had had the same effect as before. Jesus was alone with his heavenly Abba, but he was having difficulty believing that the path leading to the cross was going to accomplish anything. Jesus prayed that the cup he knew he must drink be taken away from him. Many think Jesus was shrinking from the pain of crucifixion. He probably was, but his anguish went much deeper. Jeffrey B. Gibson, in his book The Temptations of Jesus in Early Christianity, suggests that Jesus was tempted to opt for the restoration of Israel by dominance. It was the same temptation he suffered when he called Peter “Satan” at Caesarea Phillippi, and the same temptation he suffered in the desert right after his baptism. As he prayed in the garden, it appeared to Jesus that his whole ministry had come to nothing and that “the path of suffering will really be effective in achieving the task to which he has been commissioned.” Like us, Jesus felt the pull of the mimetic spiral of violence. It was hard enough that the pull of violence was strong throughout his entire social ambience. It must have been doubly hard that his disciples were still within that social pull of violence and were pulling Jesus in that direction as well. Worst of all, the full wrath of humanity’s rejection of God from the beginning of time had fallen upon Jesus and there seemed to be no way for that human wrath to be quenched. That Jesus accepted the cup anyway shows a profound trust in his heavenly Abba at a time when his Abba’s will was inscrutable to him. It seemed impossible to believe that the heavenly Abba loved Jesus, his Son, and loved all of the people Jesus had come to save, all of whom had turned against him. Impossible, yes, but with God, even these thing s were possible. Posted in Gospel, nonviolence, peace, spirituality, Uncategorized | Tagged crucifixion, Gethsemane, Jesus Christ, nonviolence, paschal mystery, peace | Leave a reply Love as Ultimate Respect Posted on September 11, 2015 by andrewmarrosb 4 We saw that the substance of faith and hope consists of actions on the part of God. (See Faith as Faithfulness and Hope as Inheritance.) The substance of faith is the Paschal Mystery of Jesus’ fidelity to the Heavenly Father and all humanity in dying on the cross and rising from the dead. The substance of hope moves further back in time, to the beginning of time, in that hope is grounded in God’s adopting all people as adopted sons and daughters to inherit the vineyard God laid out at the dawn of creation. Love goes further back past the beginning of time to Eternity. It is God’s love that was poured out at the Creation of the world. In God’s eyes, the “vast expanse of interstellar space,” as Eucharist Canon C in the Book of Common Prayer has it, is small in God’s eyes, “a little thing, the size of a hazel nut” as Julian of Norwich images it. But God loves that little thing and “in this way everything hath its being by the love of God.” Julian goes on to explain, based on her visions, that God loves “that little thing” so much that when that little thing in the form of a servant goes on a mission and falls into a ditch, God sends a second servant to get the fallen one back out of the ditch, an act that causes all of the dirt and grime of the pit to stain the clothes of the saving servant. So it is that Julian is convinced that it was love and pity that motivated the Father to send the servant to suffer for the fallen one and that there was no trace of wrath whatever in the process. God’s love precedes and quickens God’s deeds. God’s love transcends time and will never end and will certainly never change, but the effects of God’s love in time can change. We see this with the actions of embracing the cross on Jesus’ part and in the process of inheritance. It is this abiding act of love that we are invited to participate in as the means of being clothed in God’s Desire. Rebecca Adams, a feminist colleague of Girard, offers us a compelling articulation of what God’s love is all about. In an act of authorial generosity (more love in action) Vern Redekop created space in his fine book From Violence to Blessing for Adams to articulate her understanding of love at some length. It was Adams who, noting how Girard tends to stress the negative side of mimetic desire, prodded him in an interview to admit that there was such a thing as “positive mimesis” where mimetic desire works among humans for constructive and humane purposes. Interestingly, Adams gained her inspiration from a Star Trek episode where the pivotal character is a metamorph from another planet. A metamorph is all mimetic desire to the extent that such a person is incapable of any subjectivity so as to be nothing but a perfect mirror of the other’s desires. Such a culture is mimetic desire gone mad. We can see that however mimetic desire works, it is not intended by God to be the destruction of the core of another’s personhood. This metamorph, a woman, is a pawn in an interplanetary marriage arrangement where she will be married to a callous corrupt official. Captain Picard of the Star Trek crew wants to save her from this fate but she can’t even imagine wanting any other alternative, let alone fight for it. Picard solves the problem by desiring that the metamorph have a subjectivity of her own. Because of her susceptibility, she is so engulfed in Picard’s desire that she does begin to desire a subjectivity for herself and thus achieves the beginning of independence. This is sort of like being the “tiny little thing” becoming a hazel nut with the potential to grow into something large (like the mustard seed becoming a large tree). Picard proves to be a fine model of willing the subjectivity of another person, something he must have been doing habitually with the people in his life all along. Adams sees this Star Trek episode as providing a third alternative to attempting to be autonomous or having a subjectivity completely derived from another. This relational willing of the subjectivity between persons gives each “the capacity to participate fully in a loving dynamic of giving and receiving in relation to others.” This willing of the subjectivity of another is something that will spread so that if two people “start desiring not only their own and each other’s subjectivity,” they will also “desire the subjectivity of others as well.” p. 267) As opposed to the closed system of mimetic rivalry, we have an “open system of intersubjectivity with its own creative, generative dynamic which potentially could expand to include everyone and everything.” God, of course, already and always wills the subjectivity of all. This helps to explain why I insist that respect is the essential prerequisite to love. (See Respect.) Adams’ vision is a model of love is ultimate respect for the other, a respect that gives the other a self as a gift as we all receive a self from God as gift. When respect reaches this level, we can say that it has become love grounded in God’s Desire. It is also what Paul admonishes us to in Romans 12: 12: “love one another with mutual affection; outdo one another in showing honor.” There is one thought that gives me pause. What if the subjectivity of another person is evil. Adams can’t possibly mean to embrace such an evil subjectivity. For one thing, the mutuality is lost because an abuser tries to destroy the subjectivity of another rather than will it to flourish. Besides, Adams says that she has suffered such abuse so clearly she does not affirm this kind of subjectivity. On the contrary, this experience has taught her the importance of respecting the other’s subjectivity as a mutual process. However, the question that poses itself is: does an abusive person have a subjectivity, or much of one? If all of us can truly be a self when that self is received as gift, then anyone who tries to take away the self of another inevitably takes away one’s own self at the same time. This mutual losing of selves is what happens in the dissolution of advanced mimetic rivalry. The great author of fantasy, J.R.R. Tolkien can help us here. In The Lord of the Rings he powerfully portrays the emptiness of evil in the ringwraiths and Sauron whom they serve. The ringwraiths have enough substance to be covered with black cloaks, ride black horses, and try to seek out the ring bearer who happens to be the hobbit Frodo. But there is otherwise no substance to the ringwraiths just as there is no substance to Sauron who wishes to repossess the ring of ultimate power and bind everyone and everything to his own empty desire. We see the same destruction of hobbithood in Gollum who is just as consumed with desire for the ring as Sauron. Can one possibly will the subjectivity of a ringwraith or Sauron or Gollum? Frodo does respect the subjectivity of Gollum to the extent that he feels enough pity that he will not kill the creature no matter how painful Gollum’s constant nagging presence is. It is this pity and not Frodo’s strength to destroy the ring, which in the end he does not have, that saves the day, for it is when Gollum grabs the ring from Frodo and falls into the volcano that the ring is destroyed. Gollum is pitiable, but can we try to will subjectivity for Sauron? I would answer “yes” with much trepidation for I can hardly imagine going up to a ringwraith to offer him a dose of subjectivity let alone Sauron. Even Captain Picard would be challenged to be this brave. But God does will that a person empty of a self receive a self as a gift so as to be a self. When God so offer the likes of Sauron a self, we can tiptoe into God’s offer to share in it in our own small ways. At this point, love as ultimate respect is forgiveness, another gift of God grounded in God’s love. Let us not speculate on whether or not Sauron ever consents to receive a self from God. Let us ask ourselves if we are willing to receive this ultimate respect ourselves from God and offer it to others. Posted in mimetic desire, peace, René Girard | Tagged creation, Lord of the Rings, love, paschal mystery, Rebecca Adams, René Girard, respect, Star Trek, Tolkien | 4 Replies Liturgical Animals (3): Stories and Ritual Posted on January 13, 2015 by andrewmarrosb Reply Ever since stories started to be told it has been known that we resonate with them and with the actions of the characters at a very deep level. Aristotle famously called it catharsis where our own emotions are purified when we identify with the emotions of a character on stage. Girard’s theory of mimetic desire gives us increased awareness of the phenomenon. It is no accident that Girard discovered that the best novelists and playwrights had discovered it, not least Sophocles who had inspired Aristotle’s concept of catharsis. (See Human See, Human Want.) The discovery of mirror neurons adds further scientific and anthropological understanding to the way we resonate with stories. (See Mirroring Desires.) Realizing that our mirror neurons are activated by the intentions of others, we now know that the actions of actors on stage or on the screen also activate our mirror neurons. This is why we are so affected by what they do and most particularly what they desire. By identifying with a thief who is the protagonist of a story, we easily find ourselves desiring the thief’s success although in real life we would normally not desire that at all. But then again, perhaps the story has revealed a hidden desire to steal successfully. Or, perhaps a desire that wasn’t there has been created by the thieving action. Or a combination of both. This is where the debate about whether or not violence or any reprehensible actions should be allowed in movies or on the stage of even in books. Does the violence observed or read about make one more violent or does it cause a catharsis, thus acting as a safety valve that prevents violence in real life? As far as I can tell, the answer goes both ways. After the Columbine school shooting, a video game was blamed for motivating the killers to go on a shooting spree, but this accusation overlooks the huge number of boys in the same age bracket who did no such thing. What we are left with, I think, is the need for us to take some responsibility for what we watch and read and more important, for how we react to them. For some, watching cops and robbers programs are mild entertainment. For others, it is more a thrill of surrogate righteous violence. If it is the latter, is this surrogate thrill enough or does it lead to inflicting violence against the “bad” guys in real life and feeling righteous about it? Or, do we act these feelings of righteous indignation without knowing what we are doing? Which puts us in the position of those who crucified Jesus. Which brings us back to liturgy. It is worth noting that Greek plays were performed as parts of religious festivals, making the expulsion of Oedipus, for example, a liturgical event. To this day, plays and classical concerts often have a quasi-liturgical atmosphere with dimmed houselights and norms for audience decorum similar to what is usually expected in church. The more raucous and extroverted actions at rock concerts and Pentecostal services are liturgical in their own right with different liturgical norms. The thing is, liturgies and plays and concerts all stimulate the same mirror neurons in similar ways. In Christian worship, the liturgical action is bound up with stories about Israel and most particularly, the story of Jesus. The stories are drawn out in the readings from scripture and the central story of Jesus, the Paschal Mystery, is compressed in the Eucharist where the story is fed to us literally in the bread and wine. Listening to the Word activates the mirror neurons, hopefully making us identify with the heroes and heroines of faith and most particularly with Jesus. Even from ancient times, certain people have been held up as good examples to imitate. As for Jesus settling a good example, since he compared himself to a burglar at one point, we can feel naughty and subversive in following his example and yet also feel righteous about it (Mt. 24;43). The pitfall is that we might identify with the owner of the house, and so try to keep Jesus out so that our lives aren’t subverted and turned upside down. This is just one example of how a story can twist us around in several directions, leaving us to wonder which end is up. In general, plays and concerts are not repetitious the way the Eucharist is, which tells the same old story time after time to make it sink more deeply into us each time. It should be noted, though, that many people like to hear the same symphonies time after time and some people have favorite movies they see more times than they can count. Children have a ritual sense with their favorite bedtime stories that they want to hear night after night at the same time each night. In the Paschal Mystery, there is disclosure of the deepest truths about the way we humans live but also how we ought to live and could live by absorbing the character of Jesus. This is a story that never ends. Posted in mimetic desire, René Girard | Tagged Aristotle, catharsis, Columbine School Shootings, community, drama, Eucharist, Jesus, liturgy, mimetic desire, mimetic theory, mirror neurons, movies, paschal mystery, plays, René Girard, spirituality, stories, television, video games | Leave a reply mimetic scarcity (2) Posted on December 20, 2014 by andrewmarrosb Reply The loosening of family and tribal bonds was a second and much longer term strategy for diffusing violence resulting from mimetic rivalry. (See mimetic scarcity 1 for context.) Up to the present day it has been effective enough to be considered a good thing. But it has its disadvantages. It has led to what Norman Geres, a writer cited by Paul Dumouchel, calls “a contract of indifference.” This contract has released from obligations for violence, such as the vendettas that have scarred many social groups. That is good. But this contract as also released us from obligations to care for the misfortunes of other people. That is, we are no longer our brother’s keeper. As an instinctive reaction to violence, the various effects were never planned out and they are still not easily visible. Most seriously, the contract of indifference is deleterious to social conscience. We don’t easily see a connection between our individual actions and their social consequences. To take one example: polluting the environment just doesn’t seem to get on the radar of those who use technology at a level that does just that. It supports an individualist spirituality where saving one’s own soul is the main thing and broader social issues are off the radar. It is the scarcity created by this “solution” that forms the founding dynamic of capitalism. The basic argument, as I understand it, is that the scarcity gives humans an incentive to try and overcome the scarcity by increasing production so that there will be more material goods than there were. This works in the sense that more material goods are produced that can be consumed by people. But scarcity is not overcome because the increase of production increases desires for goods and when this leads to more increased production, desires increase still more. Material goods never catch up with desire. Mimetic desire, where we desire things because other people desire them, further intensifies this frenzy because whole inventories of perfectly wearable shoes disappear if only a few designs are in fashion. This is how this “peaceful” solution to violence leads directly to the quiet, hidden, sacrifice of many people on the hidden altars of indifference. Indifference is just as contagious as mimetic violence. The ennui of modern humanity analyzed by legions of philosophers and social commentators witnesses to the extent of this contagion. If Paul Dumouchel is right in suggesting that creating scarcity has roots in early humanity, created scarcity has become much more prominent in modern times. I will make only a brief historical detour to consider the Jewish tradition. The prophets exposed the truth of collective violence much more deeply and clearly than other cultures, thus attenuating the efficacy of sacrificial religion. (“I desire steadfast love, not sacrifice” Hos. 6:6) Did this prophetic exposure increase use of the solution of scarcity to limit violence? The countless oracles against oppression of the poor suggest that scarcity was alive and well in early Jewish society. Perhaps the surrounding cultures, still grounded in sacrificial religion, still had stronger social bonds for caring for each other’s’ needs. Maybe. An historical study of this matter would be welcome. In pleading for the poor and oppressed, the Jewish prophets were clearly aware of the problems created by scarcity and loosening social bonds and so were trying to increase the scope of “family.” That is, far from loosening ties, we are to strengthen them and extend them. By inviting all of us into being siblings of him, Jesus also encouraged us to be brothers and sisters of one another: the whole church, all of humanity is family. Jesus is most explicit in this teaching in Matthew 25 where “the least of these” are all part of Jesus’ family and therefore ours as well. It is this sense of family that motivated St. Paul to take up a collection in his various churches so as to give famine relief to the brothers and sisters in Jerusalem. This is a hard saying. First the Jewish prophets and then Jesus, by his death as a result of collective violence, throws a monkey wrench into the first “solution” to violence. But before he died, Jesus, along with the prophets who preceded him, threw another monkey wrench into this second solution. We are given an ascetical double whammy. We have to renounce the solidarity that leads to mimetic strife and then to collective violence, but not only must we retain these same ties, we must strengthen and extend them when it comes to providing for others. That is, the borders that made providing for family tenable have been exploded. Not only that, but if these are “solutions” to violence resulting from intensified mimetic rivalry, and both have been exploded, then we have to discipline ourselves to renounce that rivalry. In analyzing the land enclosures in England, Dumouchel noted the mimetic rivalry of the lairds that caused them to desire better productivity of their lands that brought on scarcity without reducing any material goods in their environments. Make no mistake. I am not suggesting we have to renounce capitalism. We have to exchange goods and services somehow. But renouncing mimetic strife will change the social complexion of capitalism as it changes everything else. One of the reasons this social demand for social solidarity seems so onerous is because we tend to hear it through the filter of “the contract of indifference.” That is, we think the entire burden falls on each of us individually. We forget even before we hear it that we are invited into a family, a family that is the Body of Christ. We do not have to take responsibility for others, each on our own little lonesome. That would be rugged individualism all over again. Instead, we are encouraged to take responsibility as members of a Body. Jesus reaches out to everyone through each and every one of us. Our personal responsibilities are collective responsibilities. Posted in Gospel, mimetic desire, peace, René Girard | Tagged economic scarcity, indifference, Jesus Christ, Jewish prophets, mimetic desire, paschal mystery, Passion of Jesus Christ, Paul Dumouchel, peace, René Girard, scarcity, social bonding | Leave a reply

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El passat diumenge al matí el Bàsquet Ateneu Montserrat del barri d’Hostafrancs va celebrar el seu 85è aniversari amb la presentació dels equips de l’entitat que van desfilar juntament amb els equips de veterans i representants dels primers equips femenins de la casa de finals dels anys 70. A la celebració hi van assistir en Joan Fa, President de la FCBQ; l’Enric Piquet, Ex president de la FCBQ i soci d honor de l’ entitat; la Mercè Velilla, directora de la Fundació Cultural d’Hostafrancs i ex jugadora del BAM; en Josep Espin, President de la Federació d’Associacions, Entitats i Comissions d’Hostafrancs (FAECH); la Lluïsa Erill, Presidenta del Secretariat d’Entitats de Sants, Hostafrancs i la Bordeta; en Jordi Capdevila en representació del Mercat d Hostafrancs, l’Oleguer Forcades i l’Eva Frias de Sants 3 Ràdio; i en Jordi Sunyer Conseller del Districte per ERC. En el decurs de l’acte, el BAM va lliurar uns detalls de reconeixement amb motiu dels aniversaris que aquest any celebraven el Mercat d’Hoatafrancs (125 anys), la FAEC (25 anys) i Sants 3 Ràdio (15 anys). I com a cloenda es va celebrar al pati del Poliesportiu de l’Espanya Industrial un vermut solidari en col·laboració amb la Marató de TV3. << clicar aquí >> per veure reportatge fotogràfic RÀDIO A LA CARTA Notícies El Somiatruites, nou programa a Sants 3 Ràdio Racó Literari, nou programa a Sants 3 Ràdio La ràdio de la Festa Major de Sants 2022 Entrega dels Premis Populars de la Festa Major de Sants el dissabte 27 d´agost. Us hi esperem! + Notícies Sants 3 Ràdio Portada Sants 3 Ràdio Història Projecte Estudis Cobertura Programació Qui som Aquesta temporada Altres Temporades Publicitat Activitats Enllaços Multimèdia Ràdio a la carta Edita: Sants 3 Ràdio. Telèfon: 93 298 19 19 Fax: 93 422 77 87 Adreça: C/Constitució 17, 08014 Barcelona. Correu electrònic: central@sants3radio.cat

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SERLIO, SebastiaSERLIO, Sebastiano. Il terzo libro di Sabastiano Serlio Bolognese : nel qual si figurano, e descriuono le antiquita di Roma, e le altre che sono in Italia, e fuori di Italia : con noue additioni, come ne la tauola appare. In Venetia : [impresso per Francesco Marcolini...], 1544 Accés a versió digital És el primer compendi imprès en llengua popular que conté gravats de fusta amb imatges dels edificis més antics de Roma i Itàlia. També inclou projectes de Bramante, Rafael i Peruzzi. Entre les obres contemporànies al tractat, destaca Sant Pere de Roma. Il terzo libro, dedicat a Francesc I (rei de 1515 a 1574) que va portar a Serlio a França per treballar a Fontainebleau fins 1547, conté perspectives que van resultar novedoses per a l'estudi de l'arquitectura i art antic en la seva època. La importància d'aquest llibre recau en el fet que la representació de l'arquitectura no s'havia utilitzat abans com a mitjà informatiu dirigit a un públic. És a dir, les il·lustracions tenen tant protagonisme com el text. La portada mostra una ruïna amb pilastres i arcs amb la inscripció: Roma quanta fuit ipsa ruina docet ("inclús les seves ruïnes ens mostren el que va ser Roma a l'antigor") amb la intenció d'atreure l'atenció el lector. A la biblioteca conservem dos exemplars d'aquest llibre provinents del fons Manual Ribas i Piera. Un dels exemplars està relligat amb dues obres més de Sebastiano Serlio: SERLIO, Sebastiano. Il Primo [-quinto] libro d'architettura. In Venetia : per Pietro de Nicolini de Sabbio, ad instantia de Melchiorre Sessa, MDLI [1551] SERLIO, Sebastiano. Regole generali di architettura di Sebastiano Serlio Bolognese sopra le cinque maniere degli edifici, cioe, thoscano, ionico, crinthio, e composito : con gli essempi de l'antiquita, che per la maggior parte concordano con la dottrina di Vitruvio : con nuove additioni & castigationi, dal medesimo autore in questo terza editione, come ne la sequente carte è notato. [Venècia] : Impresso per Francesco Marcolini in Venetia, al segno de la verità, M.D.XLIIII [1544] Anar a l'inici VITRUVI POL·LIÓ, Marco. I Dieci libri dell'architettura di M. Vitruvio / tradutti et commentatti da Monsignor Barbaro... ; con due tavole, l'una di tutto quello si contiene per i capi nell'opera, l'altra per dechiaratione di tutte le cose d'importanza In Vinegia : Per Francesco Marcolini, 1556 Accés a versió digital El traductor i comentarista venecià Daniele Barbaro és el tercer gran intèrpret italià de Vitruvi al segle XVI i el primer intel·lectual que no és especialista en arquitectura. El Vitruvi de Barbaro i els Quattro libri dell'architettura de Palladio publicats al 1570 es complementen de tal manera que les respectives contribucions dels dos autors al comentari de Vitruvi resulten inseparables. Aquesta primera edició de l'obra està il·lustrada amb gravats sobre fusta basats en els dibuixos de Vitruvi. Segons David Rosand: "per a la preparació d'aquest volum, que es podria haver iniciat el 1547, Barbaro va participar amb Palladio, a qui no tan sols deu les il·lustracions més importants, sinó que també va contribuir aportant la seva experiència i coneixements tant en arqueologia com en arquitectura. Barbaro elogià especialment el treball realitzat per Palladio en relació a l'antic teatre romà. Tan impressionant com les il·lustracions és el propi comentari de Barbaro, bàsicament aristotèlic, en el que una sola línia i inclús una sola paraula de Vitruvi es converteixen en tot un descobriment". Al 1567 Francesco di Franceschi i Giovanni Chreigher van publicar a Venècia la segona edició revisada i augmentada en un format més petit. Aquests mateixos editors van produir també una edició en llatí el mateix any. Van aparèixer posteriors edicions al 1584, 1629 i 1641, totes elles a Venècia. La primera traducció al castellà que es coneix és un manuscrit publicat entre 1584 i 1600 que es conserva a la Biblioteca Nacional de España. Anar a l'inici PALLADIO, Andrea. I Quattro libri dell'architettura : ne' quali, dopo un breve trattato de cinque ordini & di quelli avertimenti che sono piu necessarij nel fabricare si tratta delle case private delle vie, de i ponti, delle piazze, de i xisti et de templi In Venetia : appresso Domenico de Franceschi, 1570 Accés a versió digital Primera edició dels Quattro Libri que van exercir una gran influència en els arquitectes i l'arquitectura dels segles posteriors immediats a la seva publicació i va convertir Palladio en l'arquitecte més imitat de tots els temps. El cànon palladià per als ordres antics va resultar de gran utilitat. La raò fonamental estava en la il·lustració: la simetria i harmonia dels dissenys de Palladio, amb la seva concepció esquemàtica molt didàctica, resultava especialment pràctic per a la construcció de palaus, vil·les, ponts, edificis civils al mateix temps que de temples i esglésies cristianes. Palladio va començar a treballar en aquest tractat el 1550 quan estava col·laborant amb Daniele Barbaro en la il·lustració de l'edició de Vitruvi de 1556. Va ser escrit durant un llarg període de temps. Tot i que la idea inicial de Palladio era crear un tractat d'arquitectura més ampli (a l'estil dels Dieci libri de Vitruvi) que no va arribar a completar, això no va disminuir la importància cabdal que va tenir aquesta obra. Se sap que el manuscrit circulava al 1555 gràcies a la menció aquell mateix any d'A. F. Dion. Giorgio Vasari el va llegir, ja revisat, a Venècia cap a 1566. Un any després de la mort de Palladio al 1580, els seus fills van preparar una edició ampliada amb un cinquè llibre que el seu pare hauria completat abans de morir, però mai es va arribar a publicar. Posteriorment l'obra va ser reeditada en moltes ocasions tant a Itàlia com a d'altres països. Segons James S. Ackerman: "la luxosa edició londinenca de 1715 traduïda per Giacomo Leoni va ser la precursora del "revival" de Palladio a Anglaterra on, un segle abans Iñigo Jones ja s'havia encarregat d'introduir i difondre àmpliament l'obra palladiana". L'edició de Leoni també està consultable a la biblioteca dins el mateix fons Manuel Ribas i Piera. Anar a l'inici ALBERTI, Leon Battista. Los Diez libros de architectura. Madrid : en casa de Alonso Gomez ..., 1582 Accés a versió digital Primera traducció espanyola impresa i novena del tractat albertià editada a la casa d’Alonso Gómez, impressor del rei. Inclou dedicatòria a Juan Fernández de Espinosa (tresorer entre 1578 i 1582 de Felip II) segurament amb l’objectiu d’aconseguir els seu patrocini (fet habitual a l’època). El mateix Felip II dóna via lliure a l’edició a Madrid el 17 d’octubre de 1578, que trigarà quatre anys fins a ser impresa. L’obra esmenta que compta amb el vist-i-plau de Juan de Herrera, fet remarcable ja que Herrera era la figura primordial de l’arquitectura del moment, vinculat estretament a Felip II. Obra de vital importància al context espanyol del segle XVI ja que , segons Fernando Marías a El largo siglo XVI. Los usos artísticos del Renacimiento Español): […] al dejar atrás decidida y definitivamente el decorativismo plateresco que, en general, actuaba sólo sobre superficies, sobre la piel de la arquitectura, y rara vez en sus estructuras; se superaban, de algún modo, los dictámenes de las Medidas del romano (Toledo, 1526) de Diego de Sagredo. […]. D’alguna manera postula el classicisme del regnat de Felip II, confirmat amb la posterior traducció de la Regola vignolesca (promugada també per Juan de Herrera). L’edició no té gravats i això destaca el paper conceptual del text. Font: Suárez Quevedo, Diego. Sobre las primeras ediciones del De re aedificatoria de Leon Battista Alberti. Facultad de Geografía e Historia, U.C.M. Consulta en línia Anar a l'inici SIRIGATI, Lorenzo. La practica di prospettiva del cavaliere Lorenzo Sirigati. Venècia: Girolamo Franchesci, 1596 Accés a versió digital Primera edició d'aquest llibre que va ser dedicat a Ferdinando de Medici, gran Duc de Toscana. A les dotze primeres làmines estan explicats amb cura els principis bàsics i, després de recórrer arcs, voltes, capitells, portes i façanes, fa representacions del violí i el llaüt. El segon llibre (sense text) mostra l'aplicació de les diverses tècniques a diferents parts dels edificis i a una gran varietat de poliedres oberts i tancats. Baltrusaitis al seu article Anamorphoses, 1955, pàgines 58-70, cita la làmina 43 com exemple precursor de la perspectiva "accelerada". Segons Paul Breman: "el tractat de Sirigatti va ser molt ben acollit tant per les seves imatges com pel seu bon sentit. Per als pintors i arquitectes del Renaixement, la perspectiva era una de les ciències més ben valorades, i Sirigatti ocupa amb ple dret un lloc destacat entre els autors més importants d'aquest camp. La seva obra es va tornar a posar de moda al segle XVIII, essent sobretot elogiada per la seva senzillesa i el seu enfocament fonamentalment pràctic". Anar a l'inici LE MUET, Pierre. Maniere de bastir pour toutes sortes de persone. Paris: Melchior Tavernier, 1623 Accès a la versió digital L'objectiu d'aquest llibre era posar a disposició dels clients i aficionats burgesos una informació essencial sobre tot allò relacionat amb la construcció urbana. L'obra segueix el format bàsic: una sèrie de plantes i alçats, acompanyats de comentaris, d'una àmplia varietat de tipologia de cases. Però aquesta obra destaca, respecte als predecessors de Le Muet (com Serlio al seu llibre VI Tutti li gradi degli homini, de l'Orme amb Pour les grands et les petits del 1567 o Jacques Androuet de Cerceau a Soît de petit, moyen ou gran estat del 1559) en que inclou més varietat de models i es dirigeix també a possibles clients amb pressupostos més baixos que no els permetien contractar arquitectes. Mostra d'això és que moltes de les làmines consisteixen en una façana estreta sense ornament arquitectònic i una sola estança a cada pis. Aquest tractat va constituir una font d'informació essencial sobre l'arquitectura domèstica sota el regnat dels dos primers borbons a França: Enric IV (que regnà del 1589 al 1610) i Lluís XIII (que regnà del 1610 al 1643) i va ser una guia per a molts arquitectes fins 1680 aproximadament. Le Muet va afegir gravats sobre els hotels parisencs que havia dissenyat a la segona edició de 1647 que va ser seguida per les edicions de 1663 (amb algunes làmines suplementàries amb models de cobertes) i 1681. Anar a l'inici KIRCHER, Athanasius. Athanasii Kircheri Phonurgia nova, sive, Conjugium mechanico-physicum artis & natvræ paranympha phonosophia concinnatum : quâ universa sonorum natura, proprietas, vires effectuúm[que] prodigiosorum causæ, novâ & multiplici experimentorum exhibitione enucleantur : instrumentorum acusticorum, machinarúm[que] ad naturæ prototypon adaptandarum, tum ad sonos ad remotissima spatia propagandos, tum in abditis domorum recessibus per occultioris ingenii machinamenta clam palámue sermocinandi modus & ratio traditur, tum denique in bellorum tumultibus singurlaris hujusmodi organorum usus, & praxis per nouam phonologiam describitur Campidonae : per Rudolphum Dreherr, 1673 Accés a versió digital L’edició de Phonurgia Nova (1673) de Athanasius Kircher (Geisa, Alemania 1602-Roma, Italia 1680) demostra el grau de compromís i erudició fantàstica del jesuïta respecte als sabers liberals i científics que definien els límits del coneixement a l’Europa de mitjans del segle XVII. Considerat a la seva època com un homo universalis, són coneguts els seus estudis sobre medicina, astronomia, matemàtiques, història, arquitectura, música, mineralogia, etc. entre molts altres. El títol de l'obra conté el neologisme “Phonurgia”, composat de les paraules gregues φovή (so) i ỏpγή (treball, energia). Escrita en llatí, el seu subtítol es tradueix com a “nova modalitat de producció del so”, reconeixent cap al final del llibre “phonurgia como facultas mirabilium per sonos operatrix”, que vol dir la “capacitat de provocar allò meravellós mitjançant mitjans de sons”. Perquè per a Kircher el so no era simplement un fenòmen físic, sinó quelcom que estava profundament connectat amb la natura humana. Les obres de Kircher expressen la visió barroca del “món meravellós”, des d'invencions maquinistes que manifesten una feliç síntesi entre ciència i màgia: sorprendre, convèncer a la gent de coses improbables i, finalment, explicar l'arcà que es troba entre hermetisme i les ciències exactes. Els seus artefactes, reunits dins un museu que porta el nom del seu autor, difícilment podrien incloure's a una genealogia de la ciència experimental, però tanmateix van il·luminar a les futures generacions d'artistes i arquitectes, des de l'esperit de la il·lustració fins el surrealisme del segle XX. Font: Tronchin, Lamberto. Athanasius Kircher’s Phonurgia Nova: The marvelous world of sound during the 17th Century, Acoustics Today, January 2009. Anar a l'inici POZZO, Andrea. Perspectiva pictorum et architectorum Andreae Putei e Societate Jesu = Prospettiva de' pittori e architetti d'Andrea Pozzo della Compagnia di Giesú. Parte prima [...seconda]. In Roma = Zu Rom : nella stamperia di Gio. Giacomo Komarek... = gedruckht von Joann. Jacob Komarek..., 1693-1700. 2 vols. Accés a versió digital Pozzo va ser un arquitecte autodidacta que es va formar amb l'ajuda dels tractadistes italians del segle XVI. Va destacar per declarar que l'arquitectura procedia de la pintura i de la tècnica imprescindible en qualsevol pintor: la perspectiva. El tractat té un enfocament pràctic i, per tant, en la seva major part original. Va ser molt popular i va tenir un gran impacte. Els seus estudis de la perspectiva, així com els seus dissenys arquitectònics, van servir d'inspiració durant molt de temps. Els dos volums del tractat comencen amb una dedicatòria seguida d'un breu pròleg "Al lector" (Ad lectorum) i un índex, i inclouen una sèrie de 101 i 116 gravats a cada volum, amb explicacions annexes en llatí i italià. La majoria dels gravats són de Vincenzo Mariotti, alumne de Pozzo. El volum 1 està dedicat a l'emperador Leopold I (regnat de 1658 a 1705) i el volum 2 al seu fill Josep I (1705-1711). Després de les portades en llatí i italià, cada volum conté una representació al·legòrica que fa referència a l'estudi de l'arquitectura. Un segon prefaci, Monita ad Tyrones, ("Avís per a principiants") introdueix el primer volum i explica la construcció gradual del tractat que es presenta com un manual. El volum 1 comença amb uns exercicis senzills enfocats a la representació en perspectiva del quadrat. Segueix amb uns exercicis que es recolzen en diferents elements arquitectònics i grups de pedres estructurats, i després alguns projectes de Pozzo per a altars i decorats de teatres. Les darreres làmines estan dedicades al fresc del sostre de la nau principal de Sant'Ignazio (descobert al 1694, dos anys després de l'edició del primer volum). La seva construcció en perspectiva va ser l'objecte didàctic i teòric del primer volum. El volum II es centra en complexes exercicis de construcció així com projectes per a altres esglésies. Es van publicar vàries edicions del tractat al segle XVIII i va tenir una gran difusió afavorida per l'extensió de l'ordre jesuïta (a la qual pertanyia Andrea Pozzo) arreu del món. Les primeres traduccions al francès i alemany es van publicar al 1700. Al 1707 es va reeditar a Londres amb un text bilingüe en llatí i anglès, i després, al 1708, a Brussel·les en llatí i flamenc. Anar a l'inici BLONDEL, François. Cours d'architecture enseigné dans l'Academie royale d'architecture, premiere [.. cinquieme] partie : ou sont expliquez les termes, l'origine & les principes d'architecture, & les practiques des cinq ordres suivant la doctrine de Vitruve & de ses principaux sectateurs, & suivant celle des trois plus habiles architectes qui ayent écrit entre les modernes, qui sont Vignole, Palladio & Scamozzi / dedié au Roy par M. François Blondel, de l'Academie royale des sciences... A Paris: de l'imprimerie de Lambert Roulland, en la maison d'Antoine Vitré, ruë du Foin, se vend chez Pierre Auboin & François Clouzier, prés de l'Hotel de Monseigneur le Premier President, court du Palais, à la fleur de lis, et chez les mesmes sur le quay des Grands Augustins, à la fleur de lis d'or, M.DC.LXXXXVI [1696] A Paris: chez l'auteur au Faux-Bourg Saint Germain rüe Jacob, au coin de celle de Saint Benoît et Nicholas Langlois rüe S. Jâcques à la victoire, M.DC.LXXXXVI A Paris : de l'imprimerie de François le Cointe rüe des Sept-Voyes, prés le College de Reims. El Cours d'Architecture, que va contribuir en gran mesura a l'estudi sistemàtic dels ordres, es composava de les conferències de l'autor a l'Académie, on va ser professor i director del 1671 fins la seva mort el 1686. És el primer curs organitzat d'arquitectura a França i va iniciar un nou gènere de tractat d'arquitectura. Una gran part està dedicat al comentari i comparació erudita dels ordres de Vitruvi, Alberti, Vignola, Palladio i Scarmozzi. Les seccions van acompanyades de taules i complicats diagrames comparatius de les proporcions. Anar a l'inici BIBIENA, Ferdinando Galli. L'Architettura civile preparata su la geometria e ridotta alle prospettive considerazuioni pratiche. In Parma: per Paolo Monti, 1711. Accés a versió digital Ferdinando Galli, pare de Giuseppe Galli Bibiena, va intentar unificar la pintura i arquitectura, com Andrea Pozzo, sota el concepte de la perspectiva a aquest manual recolzant-se en l'art específic de l'escenografia, en el que era especialista com a escenògraf i renovador de teatres a Gènova, Milà, Torí, Venècia, Roma i Nàpols. L'Architettura civile (primera edició) és un tractat, dividit en cinc parts i il·lustrat amb diagrames i gravats, que estudia la història, la teoria i la pràctica, de la perspectiva i la quadratura. Després de revisar les contribucions dels principals teòrics de l'arquitectura i els pintors interessats en els problemes de la perspectiva, el tractat es centra en la part IV, en la documentació de les diverses tècniques de perspectiva desenvolupades per ell, entre elles la veduta per angolo que va substituir a la perspectiva central heretada de la pintura renaixentista. La seva importància històrica es deriva de la gran difusió que va tenir aquest text. Anar a l'inici LAUGIER, Marc-Antoine. Éssai sur l'architecture. A Paris : chez Duchesne, rue S. Jacques, au Temple du Goût, M.DCC.LIII [1753] LAUGIER, Marc-Antoine. Éssai sur l'architecture. Nouvelle edition, revue, corrigée, & augmenté avec un dictionnaire des termes et des planches qui en facilitent l'explication. A Paris : Chez Duchesne..., 1755 Accés a versió digital (edició 1753) Accés a versió digital (edició 1755) Tot i la seva modesta presentació (petits llibres d'un octau sense il·lustracions), els llibres de Laugier van tenir una repercussió immediata. Segons Richard A. Etlin: "L'Éssai va estar a l'avantguarda en les tres qüestions principals del moment: composició arquitectònica, urbanisme i arquitectura paisatgística. Seguint l'exemple del Nouveau traité de toute l'architetture de Cordemoy (2a ed. 1714), Laugier denuncia els "abusos" de l'arquitectura barroca (frontons partits, columnes adossades, pilastres) i, fet això, passa a oferir un model de construcció per al futur en la seva memorable descripció de la cabana primitiva. A la mateixa època en la que Jean-Jacques Rousseau explorava el mite del bon salvatge amb la finalitat de determinar els fonaments de la natura humana i de la societat, Laugier va retornar als orígens de l'arquitectura, basant-se en la lògica estructural i formal del temple grec, per establir els principis del disseny arquitectònic. I fent això, Laugier disminuïa també la importància donada en la teoria arquitectònica als debats al voltant a les proporcions dels ordres, per donar-se-la a les qüestions de composició mitjançant l'ús de les formes geomètriques pures". Anar a l'inici Bibliografia sobre llibres antics consultada PLACEK, Adolf K., ed. Avery's choice : five centuries of great architectural books: one hundred years of an architectural library, 1890-1990. New York: G.K. Hall, 1997. ISBN 0783815972 Teoria de la arquitectura: del Renacimiento a la actualidad. 89 artículos sobre 117 Tratados. Köln [etc]: Taschen, cop. 2003. ISBN 3822825220 The Mark J. Millard architectural collection. Washington: National Gallery of Art; New York: George Braziller, 1993- Conté: 1. French books, sixteenth through nineteenth centuries. 2. British books, seventeenth through nineteenth centuries / catalogue entries, Robin Middleton ... [et al.] 3. Northern European books, sixteenth to early nineteenth centuries. 4. Italian and Spanish books, fifteenth through nineteenth centuries WIEBENSON, Dora, ed. Los Tratados de arquitectura: de Alberti a Ledoux. Madrid: Hermann Blume, 1988. ISBN 847214397X Anar a l'inici Si tens dubtes posa't en contacte amb nosaltres Darrera actualització: 22/04/2021 Edifici K2M, Planta S1, Despatx S103-S104, Campus Nord C/ Jordi Girona 1-3 08034 Barcelona info.biblioteques upc.edu Telefòn dels Serveis Generals de Biblioteques: +34934016138 Telèfons de les 12 biblioteques de la UPC Segueix-nos a: Coneix-nos Benvinguda Coneix les biblioteques Directori Organigrama Planificació estratègica Carta de serveis Normatives i tarifes Memòria i publicacions Butlletins informatius Horari de les biblioteques Contacta amb nosaltres Accés directe Horaris Reserva de sales APRÈN DiscoveryUPC Bibliografia recomanada Exàmens UPC UPCommons FUTUR Portàtils i equipaments Revistes electròniques Bases de dades A-Z © UPC Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya · BarcelonaTech Contacte Mapa del web Avís legal × Missatge Tancar × Informació sobre la cerca Discovery UPC permet cercar en el contingut de totes les bases de dades subscrites per la UPC excepte: Consulta el llistat Escriu a la caixa de cerca el terme o termes sobre els quals vols trobar informació. Fes servir cometes per trobar frases exactes. Per defecte la cerca fa servir l'operador AND, però podeu emprar altres operadors (NOT i OR). La cerca es fa en els camps: autor, títol, matèria, paraules claus, abstract, notes, ISSN, ISBN i DOI. Per afinar els resultats de la teva cerca, pots ordenar els registres de la pàgina de resultats i/o seleccionar o desactivar els diferents filtres.

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“Tanatori no; ni públic, ni privat“. Aquest ha sigut el clam del centenar de veïns aplegats en la primera concentració convocada per les sis associacions de veïns del districte, contra la construcció d’un tanatori a les Casernes per part de Serveis Funeraris de Barcelona SA (SFB), tal com va confirmar en el darrer Consell de Barri la regidora de Sant Andreu, Lucía Martín. De fet, els afectats més directes per la seva ubicació han interromput diverses vegades les intervencions dels representants veïnals per expressar la seva ferma disconformitat amb el projecte. La concentració informativa ha començat amb la paraula del vocal de l’AVV de Sant Andreu Nord – Tramuntana, Carlos Blanch, qui ha posat en context als assistents de la traïció que suposarà la construcció de l’equipament funerari: “L’Ajuntament ens va dir que no donaria els permisos urbanístics i es va posicionar totalment en contra de la construcció del tanatori”. Ara, però, el consistori ja ha anunciat que tramitarà la petició de SFB. En aquesta línia, Blanch ha recordat que l’obligació del Consorci de la Zona Franca (CZF) era construir un alberg públic per a joves, però ningú sap la raó per la qual mai s’ha arribat a posar en marxa el projecte. El que en tot cas ha volgut deixar clar és que aquell sòl ha de tenir una funció pública, mentre que el CZF, controlat pels comuns i socialistes, l’únic que ha fet ha sigut subhastar-lo a un privat. El president de l’AVV de Sant Andreu de Palomar, Santi Serra, també ha defensat el caràcter públic del sòl, fent èmfasi en que no estan en contra del tanatori, sinó del fet que el tanatori sigui privat. En expressar aquesta opinió, una veïna de la zona, Sílvia Giménez, s’ha encoratjat a agafar el micròfon per defensar la posició de molts dels manifestants: “No volem tanatori, ni públic ni privat“, ha esbitzat, mentre que en paral·lel ha recordat que en aquell sector de Sant Andreu no tenen ni un caixer: “I a sobre ens volen col·locar un tanatori, és indignant!”. Tan bon punt ha acabat, la plaça d’Orfila ha esclatat en un sonor aplaudiment. L’encarregada de fer la lectura del manifest ha estat la presidenta de l’AV de Sant Andreu Sud, Cristina Galán, qui ha posat sobre la taula el que “s’ha venut el peix d’amagat i per l’esquena del veïnat i les entitats”. Les mateixes entitats han tornat a exigir que els solars de les Casernes siguin destinats a les iniciatives públiques compromeses, per tal que es respectin escrupolosament els acords de fa més de 14 anys: “No permetrem que Casernes esdevingui un nou engany.” El president de l’AVV Sant Andreu Nord – Tramuntana, Carlos Blanch, en un moment de la seva intervenció // LAURA LAFUENTE Per tal de posar punt final a la concentració, Blanch ha advertit que aquesta només ha sigut la primera acció organitzada per les sis entitats veïnal del districte, ja que durant tot aquest mes de desembre tenen previst organitzar-ne més. El mateix president ha deixat clar que l’objectiu és fer una acció definitiva abans de cap d’any: “No està tot venut, encara som a temps de revertir-ho”. Share this: WhatsApp Facebook Twitter Google Pinterest Tags: av sant andreu sudavv sant andreu de palomaravv sant andreu nord - tramuntanacarlos blanchcasernesconcentracióConsorci de la Zona Francacristina galanczfLucía Martínmanifestacióplaça d'orfilasanti serratanatori També et pot interessar... 15 de setembre del 2022 El Mercat torna a la seva plaça cinc anys després Gairebé cinc anys després de la darrera vegada que van abaixar les persianes a la plaça 13 de setembre del 2022 El veïnat de Pons i Gallarza denuncia els incompliments de Lucía Martín El veïnat de les cases del carrer de Pons i Gallarza ha emès un comunicat on 22 de juny del 2022 El veïnat guanya la batalla contra el tanatori de Casernes No es construirà el tanatori al solar de les Casernes de Sant Andreu que Mémora va Laura Lafuente Últimes notícies El veïnat esclata contra el tanatori a les Casernes El tancament dels centres comercials dona oxigen al comerç local El ‘take away’ es converteix en el darrer alè de la restauració Òscar Rodríguez: “No conec cap brot que s’hagi originat dins del teatre” Mostra-ho tot 1 Comentari Xavier ha dit: 3 de desembre del 2020 a les 8:44 pm A mi com a veí del barri em dóna més servei un tanatori que un alberg de joves, que només farà portarà una major gentrificació. I si tot el que reuneixen són 100 veïns…més val que es quedin a casa i es dediquin a treballar els problemes de veritat del Districte.

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Zigma book center established in 1998 is a Jammu based organization that houses categorically sorted books of diverse fields which makes it the ultimate destination for all sorts of books.

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En aquests dos primers mesos de cursos, s'han produït moltes noves matrícules un cop començat el curs. Per mi es tracta d'un fenomen nou. Fa uns anys en plena arribada d'immigrants era habitual el que es va conèixer com a matrícula viva: un degoteig d'alumnes provinents d'altres països al llarg de tot el curs. Per la zona on està ubicada l'escola on treballo, aquest fenomen no ens va afectar massa. Som una escola amb moltes aules a 25 o per sobre de 25, i fins i tot, amb aquesta ràtio s'han matriculat alumnes al centre al llarg d'aquest període d'inici de curs. A hores d'ara sembla haver-se aturat aquest degoteig, encara que sempre és millor no cantar victòria. Excepte un cas no han estat alumnes provinents de la immigració estrangera sinó que han estat nens i nenes de famílies que han canviat de domicili, ja sigui dins de la mateixa població o de poblacions properes, i fins i tot, en algun cas d'altres llocs d'Espanya. No sabem si això és una qüestió puntual o si pot ser el signe d'algun canvi de major durada i potser caldrà que ens acostumem a aquesta entrada i també sortida, encara que en menys mesura d'alumnes. Per alguns comentaris això no s'ha produït tan sols al nostre centre. Es podria tractar de quelcom més general. No sé si és un fet puntual o és indicatiu d'alguna mena de canvi de costums: el continu canvi de domicili d'algunes famílies. a 19:30 Cap comentari: Envia per correu electrònicBlogThis!Comparteix a TwitterComparteix a FacebookComparteix a Pinterest Etiquetes de comentaris: Fragments d'escola dimecres, 12 de novembre de 2014 Un problema real de matemàtiques: l'alumne sense llibre Per fi aquesta setmana un alumne de l'escola de tercer ha portat el llibre d'activitats d'anglès. Treballo en una escola on la norma des de fa molts anys és la reutilització dels llibres. Això implica que les famílies tenen una despesa mínima en llibres, ja que aquests els troben a l'aula des del primer dia de classe. Només els cal comprar alguns quaderns i alguns llibres d'activitats. Aquest fet redueix molt la despesa de les famílies a l'inici del curs. Amb tot sempre hi ha a alguna família que per diferents motius no li resulta fàcil realitzar aquesta despesa i triga alguns dies a tenir tot el material Resulta que aquest alumne que ha trigat dos mesos per portar aquest llibre, molts matins en el meu camí cap a l'escola el veia esmorzar juntament amb la seva mare en un bar. De fet es tracta d'un un senzill problemes de matemàtiques: Una família ha de comprar un llibre d'activitats d'anglès que costa 18,8 €. Com que no té massa diners decideix estalviar-se l'esmorzar que alguns dies és pren al bar. Acostuma a anar al bar 3 dies a la setmana. Cada dia que va al bar es gasta 4,7 €. ¿ Quants dies trigarà a estalviar els diners suficients per poder comprar el llibre ? a 19:28 Cap comentari: Envia per correu electrònicBlogThis!Comparteix a TwitterComparteix a FacebookComparteix a Pinterest Etiquetes de comentaris: Fragments d'escola Missatges més recents Missatges més antics Inici Subscriure's a: Missatges (Atom) Problematitzar l'escola L’escola és una de les institucions fonamentals dins de la societat occidental. Els infants i adolescents hi passen moltes hores, un míni... Jornades sobre les diferències d'aprenentatge Em vaig inscriure a una Jornada Internacional sobre experiències en l'àmbit de les diferències d'aprenentatge que es feien a l'... Un nou curs ja és aquí Aquest matí m’he creuat amb molts nens i nenes que es dirigien cap el seu primer dia d’escola d’aquest curs. A Sabadell, ahir encara era F... Canvi de plataforma i una mica d'història A l’estiu del 2005 obria el meu primer blog, sota el nom de fragments nocturns. Ho feia dins de la plataforma de blog.cat. El meu objectiu...

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City Anatomy Subsistema: Domini construït Tipus de vista: API Taula Etiquetes: establiments Formats: CSV City Anatomy Sistema: Estructura Grups: Cultura i oci Organitzacions: Ajuntament de Castellar del Vallès Llicències: Creative Commons Attribution City Anatomy Referència: Espai públic

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Lorena Aguilar Pérez. Enginyer Civil, UASLP, Mèxic. Professional amb experiència en el disseny d'aiguamolls construïts, utilitzant subproductes de processos com a mitjà de grava ciment, per al tractament d'aigües residuals; a la residència d'obra per a la construcció d'habitatge residencial i en la gestió de projectes a través de tècniques participatives. De desembre de 2013 a la data, col·laboradora de la Càtedra UNESCO de Sostenibilitat, de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, en el projecte LIFE-REAGRITECH (reutilització d'aigua de reg i vessament en terrenys agrícoles, mitjançant la seva depuració a través de tecnologies naturals: franges vegetades i aiguamolls construïts), per a l'elaboració de les especificacions tècniques i la supervisió d'obra.

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The total time isn't accurate on this as I played most of it on PC GamePass and then ended up cancelling GamePass but getting this game on sale on Steam. The achievements I already had transferred over and I played the main game that way. The time I have on Steam was mostly me just completing the parts I missed. Very fun game though! 2 Published in r/steamachievements ·15/10/2022 #24 It Takes Two Original Image Read more in r/steamachievements 28 2 Commented in r/steamachievements ·14/10/2022 #101 - DYNASTY WARRIORS 8: Xtreme Legends Complete Edition Congrats! I have this on my to-do list. Do you have any advice to give? 1 Commented in r/steamachievements ·14/10/2022 #23 Sonic Frontiers Honestly it's a pretty easy 100% you just have to get through the game, complete the maps, and view the side stories. Big fishing can max out your character on the last map without too much work. Very fun game and pretty new territory for Sonic 1 Commented in r/steamachievements ·14/10/2022 #23 Sonic Frontiers I loved it, I'm a big Sonic fan I completed it on Xbox then went and completed it on Steam haha 4 Published in r/steamachievements ·13/10/2022 #23 Sonic Frontiers Original Image Read more in r/steamachievements 36 7 Commented in r/xboxachievements ·11/10/2022 #60 Sonic Frontiers If you’re playing on Series X switch from 4K mode to FPS mode in the graphics settings and it looks and runs way better. Some minor pop in but otherwise no real complaints for technician performance on this system. I know it doesn’t run as well on less powerful systems. 1 Commented in r/xboxachievements ·11/10/2022 #60 Sonic Frontiers Definitely worth the full price in my opinion. Another epic Sonic outing! Forces was awful in comparison but I still completed it too. 2 Commented in r/xboxachievements ·11/10/2022 #60 Sonic Frontiers I thought it was great! But I'm a big Sonic fan and I love 06 too haha. This game is a lot different than 06 though. 2 Commented in r/xboxachievements ·11/10/2022 #60 Sonic Frontiers It's a relatively easy completion since a lot of the gameplay is about exploring. I did beat it on hard mode and just beating the game wasn't an entire cakewalk, but after that the completion of it is pretty straightforward. Easier to complete than SA1/SA2 but harder than Generations/Mania/Colors for example. 3 Published in r/xboxachievements ·11/10/2022 #60 Sonic Frontiers Original Image Read more in r/xboxachievements 42 9 Commented in r/xboxachievements ·7/10/2022 #59 Yooka Laylee and the Impossible Lair Took me about 25 hours or so, very fun game but the impossible lair can be difficult. Very reminiscent of donkey Kong country, highly recommend if you like that type of game! 2 Published in r/xboxachievements ·7/10/2022 #59 Yooka Laylee and the Impossible Lair Original Image Read more in r/xboxachievements 19 3 Commented in r/steamachievements ·7/10/2022 #22 Catan Universe I enjoyed it but I found some tricks to make it easier. For example leveling up to 20 would have taken a lot longer if I didn't find out you can get the XP for finishing a match by completing a short tutorial. Leveling up to 20 was the only grind, the rest of the game I very much enjoyed playing normally. 1 Published in r/steamachievements ·4/10/2022 #22 Catan Universe Original Image Read more in r/steamachievements 19 3 Commented in r/steamachievements ·25/9/2022 #21 Yooka Laylee &amp; The Impossible Lair It’s fantastic, highly recommend if you like platformers like Donkey Kong Country 4 Published in r/steamachievements ·25/9/2022 #21 Yooka Laylee &amp; The Impossible Lair Original Image Read more in r/steamachievements 14 3 Commented in r/steamachievements ·17/9/2022 #104 - Pac-Man World Re-Pac. A very quick and easy one Any recommendations on the arcade level 9 achievement? 1 Published in r/xboxachievements ·3/9/2022 #58: Beacon Pines Original Image Read more in r/xboxachievements 10 0 Commented in r/xboxachievements ·2/9/2022 #56 and #57: Castle Crashers + Remastered Because you don't need to do insane mode to get an achievement it's not too difficult. There are online achievements I put off until now. I had a friend help me with winning the online match requirements. Super fun games overall I like them a lot. 1 Published in r/xboxachievements ·2/9/2022 #56 and #57: Castle Crashers + Remastered Original Image Read more in r/xboxachievements 41 6 Commented in r/steamachievements ·2/9/2022 #101 &amp; #102 - Pac-Man Museum+ &amp; Pac-Man and the Ghostly Adventures Thank you I found a legitimate key for around $60. More than I wanted to spend but Gamersgate key was around $100 so I at least got it for a bit cheaper. I think it's worth it since it probably won't ever be for sale again and I'll forever have it on my library. Thanks! Looking forward to playing it. 2 Commented in r/personalfinance ·1/9/2022 Can the child of unmarried ex spouse be the beneficiary of a pension? I work with pensions, but once someone is in pay in an annuity they are generally locked in. So let's say the employee died before taking the benefit, we would use whatever the plan's pre-retirement death rules are. Some plans would allow you to designate a beneficiary and others would specify only a spouse can be a beneficiary. If the benefit goes to one person for their life time and it's locked into that form of payment it's called a Joint and Survivor Annuity. If the spouse started to take the benefit in this circumstance, then no further benefits would be due when the spouse dies. In rare situations they may have a Joint and Survivor annuity with a certain and life on top of it. The certain and life benefit says that it's paid for the original employee's life time, but if they pass away then the benefit gets paid out to someone for 5, 10, or 20 years (the usual timeframes, but the amount of time can vary). In this instance a child or an estate could be due benefits if the employee and spouse passed away prior to the certain period ending, but due to the complexities and the fact that every plan can be different in various ways, it's best this person just call their plan sponsor to see what's allowed. 7 Commented in r/personalfinance ·1/9/2022 Can the child of unmarried ex spouse be the beneficiary of a pension? This is not necessarily true. Some pensions will only allow a spouse beneficiary. Best to call the plan sponsor and determine what’s allowed in regards to pre and post retirement in regards to beneficiary designation.

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Aquest lloc web utilitza galetes per tal de proporcionar-vos la millor experiència d’usuari possible. La informació de les galetes s’emmagatzema al navegador i realitza funcions com ara reconèixer-vos quan torneu a la pàgina web i ajuda a l'equip a comprendre quines seccions del lloc web us semblen més interessants i útils. Galetes estrictament necessàries Les galetes estrictament necessàries han d'activar-se sempre perquè puguem desar les preferències per a la configuració de galetes. Activa o desactiva les galetes Si desactiveu aquesta galeta no podrem desar les preferències. Això vol dir que quan visiteu aquest web, haureu d'activar o desactivar les galetes de nou. Galetes de tercers Aquest lloc web utilitza Google Analytics per recopilar informació anònima com el nombre de visitants del lloc i les pàgines més visitades.

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Nova campanya comercial de l'Associació de Comerciants d'Oliva amb motiu del dia valencià dels "Enamorats" - Diari Serpis GANDIA OLIVA TAVERNES COMARCA ACTUALITAT ESPORTS CULTURA EDUCACIO ECONOMIA SALUT Cerca Diari Serpis Diari Serpis 15 C Gandia Diari Serpis Dimarts, 6 desembre, 2022 Facebook Mail Twitter type here... Cerca GANDIA OLIVA TAVERNES COMARCA ACTUALITAT ESPORTS CULTURA EDUCACIO ECONOMIA SALUT Diari Serpis GANDIA OLIVA TAVERNES COMARCA ACTUALITAT ESPORTS CULTURA EDUCACIO ECONOMIA SALUT Nova campanya comercial de l’Associació de Comerciants d’Oliva amb motiu del dia valencià dels “Enamorats” 0 67 Share Facebook Twitter Email Oliva, ACCO campanya comercial sorteig dia dels Enamorats L’Associació de Comerciants d’Oliva (ACCO) juntament amb la Regidoria de Comerç, Mercats i Consum de l’Ajuntament d’Oliva, encapçalada per l’alcaldessa Yolanda Balaguer, llancen de nou la campanya comercial amb motiu de la celebració del Dia de la Comunitat Valenciana i dia dels enamorats i enamorades valencianes, del pròxim 9 d’octubre. El 9 d’octubre, a més de commemorar el Dia de la Comunitat Valenciana, el poble valencià també celebra Sant Dionís, patró dels enamorats i enamorades valencians i dels mestres confiters. Aquest dia és costum regalar a la parella dolços elaborats amb massapà en forma de fruites i hortalisses, així com piulets i tronadors, tot embolicat amb un mocador. Una tradició que es remunta al segle XVIII i que avui encara es manté en diversos pobles i ciutats, com ara Oliva. Des d’ACCO en col·laboració amb l’Ajuntament d’Oliva es vol promocionar el sector de pastisseria de la ciutat i commemorar aquesta diada, fent partícip a la ciutadania amb un sorteig de 10 “mocadorades”. El sorteig es realitzarà entre les persones que compren en els comerços associats a ACCO, del 29 de setembre al 8 d’octubre. Delicioses “mocadorades” elaborades per: – Blat i Sucre – Pastisseria Sant Vicent Fanny Sanchis, presidenta d’ACCO comenta que “és important per a ACCO donar suport a la cultura i les tradicions, posant el nostre granet d’arena perquè, per una banda, no es perden i que les noves generacions les coneguen i, per altra banda fer costat al sector de la pastisseria posant en valor la tasca artesanal que realitzen i els productes de qualitat que ofereixen”. L’alcaldessa d’Oliva i regidora responsable del Departament de Comerç, Mercats i Consum de l’Ajuntament ha declarat que “Oliva, un any més, celebra el dia de la Comunitat Valenciana i dels enamorats i enamorades valencians, de la mà del sector pastisser de la ciutat, amb un sorteig que pretén promocionar els seus productes així com fer partícip a tota la ciutadania”. “Sempre és un plaer col·laborar amb ACCO i amb les seues campanyes i si, a més a més, fomenten les nostres tradicions, l’impacte és més beneficiós per a tots i totes”, ha afegit Balaguer. Consulta els comerços associats en www.accooliva.com Share Facebook Twitter Email Article anterior Potries fa una actuació d’urgència per resoldre fuites d’aigua potable Article següent Tavernes dota la vigilància rural i agrària amb un nou vehicle Articles relacionats La Marina i La Safor s’ompliran dels millors ciclistes del món El Molí Vell del Pla acull l’exposició d’astrofotografia ‘Mentre dorms…Valldigna’ El programa de prevenció de càncer colorectal arriba a 13 municipis de l’àrea de Bellreguard CULTURA Guanyadores del primer Certamen d’Arts Plàstiques Fundació Aunión GANDIA La Fira Borgiana es consolida com un nou atractiu turístic fent valdre la història i el patrimoni ESPORTS Ròtova acollí el circuit per la Marxa de Regularitat Senderista 2022 ESPORTS La Safor està molt be representada a la Federació Valenciana de Ciclisme ESPORTS Nou èxit esportiu del Club de Patinatge Gandia HC Diari Serpis © PREMSA DIGITAL RV, SL 2011 - 2022 Facebook Twitter Enllaços d'interès Farmàcies de guàrdia Horaris de tren Horaris Bus Cartellera Generalitat Valenciana Diputació Valencia Ajuntament Gandia Ajuntament Tavernes Ajuntament Oliva Et pot interessar Guanyadores del primer Certamen d’Arts Plàstiques Fundació Aunión Gandia acull la trobada de rugbi base de la Comunitat Valenciana © DIARI SERPIS 2011 - 2022 Diari online líder de la SAFOR en valencià comercial@diariserpis.com Política de privacitat Politica de Cookies Politica de Cookies Utilitzem cookies al nostre lloc web per oferir-vos l'experiència més rellevant recordant les vostres preferències i visites repetides. 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Any user who wishes to have the newest packages that include, but are not limited to, the Linux kernel, SAMBA, git, desktops, office applications and many other packages, will want Tumbleweed. Tumbleweed appeals to Power Users, Software Developers and openSUSE Contributors. If you require the latest software stacks and Integrated Development Environment or need a stable platform closest to bleeding edge Linux, Tumbleweed is the best choice for you. Learn more Install Tumbleweed Leap Get the most complete Linux distribution with openSUSE’s latest regular-release version! More information Install Leap New and experienced Linux users get the most usable Linux distribution and stabilized operating system with openSUSE’s regular release. Receive updates and harden your OS with openSUSE’s latest major distribution. Pick your desktop, configure your system and enjoy the platform of choice for Linux developers, administrators and software vendors. Install Leap MicroOS Micro Service OS days day hours hour openSUSE TOOLS Discover the best open-source tools developed by our community Open Build Service (OBS) (Go to link ) Our build tool, building all of our packages as well as ones for SUSE Linux Enterprise, Arch, Debian, Fedora, Scientific Linux, RHEL, CentOS, Ubuntu, and more. openQA (Go to link ) Automated testing for *any* operating system, that can read the screen and control the test host the same way a user does. YaST (Go to link ) The best/only comprehensive Linux system configuration & installation tool. Kiwi (Go to link ) Create Linux images for deployment on real hardware, virtualisation, and now even container systems like Docker. Kiwi is the engine that builds the openSUSE release images. NEWS CONTRIBUTE TO OPENSUSE Be part of our community contributing with any of the following: Code Find out more Contribute Code openSUSE believes the best results come from people collaborating and having fun. Being different from other open-source communities is what makes openSUSE desirable. We are not the conventional community and our community’s efforts determines the path of the project. The efforts of the community have created several great tools for Linux and an awesome distribution. With openSUSE, you have a voice and can easily contribute to the project. Whether you are an experienced Linux developer or an end user get involved in the openSUSE project. Join a forum, maintain and keep our wiki up-to-date, find and report bugs, review the documentation, send your wish list for new packages and features, create and submit patches, or become an advocate for openSUSE by attending events and becoming an ambassador. Find out more about how to participate. Hardware Find out more Contribute Hardware Donations to support the openSUSE project are always welcomed. In fact, Open Build Service, which is used by several other open-source projects, was made available to the project’s community through a generous donation of servers by AMD. It is this type of donations that allows people and projects to thrive, develop, innovate and progress. The project is not asking for money, but donations of hardware to use the open-source community’s expertise to empower Linux development, provide openSUSE tools to the free, open source ecosystem and give back to developers, sysadmins and packagers. Hardware helps the openSUSE community! Hardware helps the open-source community! And Hardware helps Linux development. To learn how you can donate hardware to the openSUSE project, email donations@opensuse.org openSUSE Design System We've created a Design System to help you contribute consistent web tools and features using the openSUSE colors, writing guides, and more. Check it out:

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Wanna try both the Red and Green? Order our gift pack. It's actually cheaper than buy two individual bottles! Flavor notes: Lemon with strong floral notes. The tingling level is comparable to the red. The citrus note makes it ideal for use with fish and seafood because its refreshing citrusy character helps reduce the fishy smell. It also works well with chicken and vegetables too, giving it a lively zing in soups, gravies or stews. A little goes a long way! Find 50Hertz In Your City Size: 120 ml (4.2 ounces) and 275 ml (9.3 ounces) Ingredients: First-grade, cold-pressed, non-GMO rapeseed oil, Fresh Green Sichuan Pepper Storage: Keep in a cool and dry place or refrigerate to prolong life and aroma Red vs. Green Sichuan Pepper: Many people are unaware that Sichuan pepper comes in two varieties - Red and Green. They are not in different stages of maturity but two plants with distinct flavors (think of red wine grapes and white wine grapes). Both are native to Sichuan, and while the red ones have been used in cooking for thousands of years, the green variety is more boutique and has only become popular in China in the past 20 years. Green Red "An oil that tingles and transforms" - The New York Times The iconic flavor sensation in all classic Sichuan dishes. You can now "mapo" anything! Aroma: Citrus (Lemon zest), Fresh flowers, Bright Aroma: Citrus (Orange zest), Dried flowers, Warm Tingling Level: Tingling Level: Suggested Pairing: Fish, Seafood, Veggies, Pasta Suggested Pairing: Meat, Tofu, Pizza Unrivalled Quality of Green Sichuan Pepper While dried Sichuan (Szechuan) peppercorns offer remarkable flavors, they must be ground and prepared, with a possibility that coarse fragments give an unpleasant mouth feel. Sichuan pepper oil on the other hand is more convenient to use and preserves the flavor and potency much longer. It is not another hot sauce. In fact, it is not hot at all. The floral bouquet flavor stimulates your palate and nose, while the unique tingling sensation stimulates your tongue and lips. Best as a condiment over pasta, ramen noodles, pizza and salads. A few drops go a long way. Direct Sourcing from Farmers Sichuan peppers are handpicked as automation has not arrived. While avoiding the thorns, farmers need to work carefully to preserve the peppers and keep them intact. This also reduces the presence of stalks and leaves, ensuring better flavor. Handpicking requires a dexterous, attentive and experienced labor force - notice the sharp thorns on the branches in this short clip. Premium Cold-Pressed Rapeseed Oil We use premium non-GMO cold-pressed rapeseed oil. No preservatives, no allergy-causing soybean oil. Disclaimer: This product should not be consumed if you have an allergy to prickly ash plants. Share Share on Facebook Instagram Share on Pinterest Customer Reviews Based on 63 reviews Write a review 94% (59) 2% (1) 0% (0) 2% (1) 3% (2) P Peter Arneil very odd There was a cloying, sour-bitter taste that permeated every bite; long-lasting and very unpleasant. Emptied the bottle down the drain after two tastes. Hi Peter, Thank you so much for your order and giving it a try. If we had to compare the green and red oils, the green would have more bitter undertones than the red. This is why the oil is best paired with food as it help the flavors to shine. I understand that having it on its own might sometimes be a little overwhelming on our palate. Thank you for sharing your honest opinion with us, it'll help us further refine how we present the oils. We hope that you will give us a chance to provide you with a positive experience. T Tamara Stenn Can’t eat stir fry without it! I bring my little bottle of S-oil with me whenever I’ll be eating stri-fry! I’m addicted. M MA Nice easy flavor addition Nothing is as easy as just adding a drizzle of the pepper oil on grilled veggies K Keith Wolff nothing like it on the market Add it to your favorite recipe for salmon and it adds such unique and delicious taste. C C.E.H. Green Sichuan Pepper Oil 123 Facebook Instagram 50Hertz Tingly Foods Refunds Shipping FAQs Store Locator Privacy Policy Terms of Service Contact Us Copyright © 2022 50Hertz Tingly Foods Powered by Shopify Designed by Dream Big Digital Payment methods American Express Apple Pay Diners Club Discover Meta Pay Google Pay Mastercard PayPal Shop Pay Venmo Visa Close ${data.product_title} ${data.variant_title ? `Size: ${data.variant_title}` : ''} Qty in cart: ${data.quantity} View Cart Continue shopping `; $('body').prepend(template) setTimeout(function() { $(`#product_${data.id}`).addClass('active') }, 50) } function popupClose(e){ var popup = e.target.closest('.product-popup__wrapper') popup.classList.remove('active'); setTimeout(function(){ popup.remove(); },500) } function updateCart(data){ var carticon = $('#cart_count') carticon.text(data.item_count) }

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De conformitat amb la Llei orgànica 15/1999, de 13 de desembre, de protecció de dades de caràcter personal (LOPD), les dades subministrades per l’usuari quedaran incorporades en fitxers automatitzats, els quals seran processats exclusivament per a la finalitat descrita, segons s’especifiqui a la llegenda adjunta a cada formulari. Les dades que es recolliran a través dels formularis corresponents només contindran els camps imprescindibles per a poder prestar el servei o la informació requerida per l’usuari. Les dades de caràcter personal seran tractades amb el grau de protecció adequat, segons el Reial Decret 994/1999 d’11 de juny, i es prendran les mesures de seguretat necessàries per a evitar-ne l’alteració, pèrdua, tractament o accés no autoritzat per part de tercers que les puguin utilitzar per a finalitats diferents per a les quals han estat sol·licitades a l’usuari. Com a únic responsable del fitxer, AADIMATIQ es compromet al compliment de la seva obligació de secret de les dades de caràcter personal i del seu deure de guardar-les, i adoptarà les mesures necessàries per a evitar-ne l’alteració, pèrdua, tractament o accés no autoritzat, tenint en compte en tot moment l’estat de la tecnologia. Finalment, l’usuari podrà exercir els seus drets d’oposició, accés, rectificació i cancel·lació en compliment del que s’estableix a la LOPD, o bé per a qualsevol consulta o comentari personal sobre això, mitjançant l’enviament d’una notificació per correu a l’adreça indicada més amunt o personalment, sense que en cap cas aquest servei no suposi cap contraprestació. Així mateix, en compliment de l’article 21 de la Llei 34/2002, d’11 de juliol, de serveis de la societat de la informació i de comerç electrònic, AADIMATIQ no enviarà per correu electrònic comunicacions publicitàries que no hagin estat autoritzades pels usuaris. Quan AADIMATIQ disposi del consentiment exprés del destinatari de rebre comunicació comercial mitjançant correu electrònic, la paraula publicitat apareixerà a l’inici del missatge. Copyright © 1998 - 2022 AADIMATIQ All rights reserved. Col·labora amb nosaltres Nota Legal Política de privadesa Termes del servei Contacte Travessera de Gràcia, 62 Planta 2 ES-08006 BARCELONA Inici Nosaltres Serveis Traducció Transcripció Auditoria HelpDesk Multimèdia Interpretació Bloc Missió, visió i valors Contacte Accés Clients Corrector Correcte CAT ESP ENG FR Utilitzem galetes per assegurar-nos que donem la millor experiència a l’usuari al nostre web. Si seguiu utilitzant aquest lloc assumirem que hi esteu d’acord.D’acordPolítica de cookies

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Famílies nombroses, monoparentals, persones aturades i segon germà matriculat: s’aplicarà un 25%.Segon instrument cursat: s’aplicarà 10%.

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Pair text with an image to focus on your chosen product, collection, or blog post. Add details on availability, style, or even provide a review. Free Shipping Pair text with an image to focus on your chosen product, collection, or blog post. Add details on availability, style, or even provide a review. Hassle-Free Exchanges Pair text with an image to focus on your chosen product, collection, or blog post. Add details on availability, style, or even provide a review.

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5. «En moltes ocasions i de moltes maneres, Déu antigament havia parlat als pares per boca dels profetes; però ara, en aquests dies, que són els definitius, ens ha parlat a nosaltres en la persona del Fill» (Hb 1,1-2) | Secretariat Interdiocesà de Catequesi de Catalunya Vés al contingut SUBSCRIU-T’HI Menú del compte d'usuari Entra Navegación principal Qui som? Materials Formació catequistes Blog Buscador general Coneixem Jesús 1 Infants Coneixem Jesús 1 5. «En moltes ocasions i de moltes maneres, Déu antigament havia parlat als pares per boca dels profetes; però ara, en aquests dies, que són els definitius, ens ha parlat a nosaltres en la persona del Fill» (Hb 1,1-2) Sessió de Tabor En aquesta sessió de Tabor, aprofunditzarem en com Déu ens parla a través de la Bíblia i practicarem la conversa amb Jesús a través de la pregària Objetiu de la sessió • Desenvolupar una actitud de profunda escolta de Déu, el qual ens parla a través de la seva Paraula, la Bíblia. • Practicar la pregària i la conversa interna amb Jesús. Materials necessaris • Quadern de vida Resum de la sessió En L'entrada i acollida, ens posarem en presència del Senyor amb un cant i presentarem una dinàmica relacionada amb la pregària. Durant el moment de pregària, escoltarem un fragment de l'Evangeli de Marc i un comentari de la Paraula.

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L’Enciclopèdia d’Eivissa i Formentera va néixer l'any 1989, per acord unànime del ple del Consell d'Eivissa i Formentera del dia 26 de juny. És una obra de referència que recull la informació necessària per conèixer l’entorn cultural, geogràfic, històric i social de les Pitiüses, a més d’arreplegar sintèticament les fites que marquen la memòria dels illencs. Recollint tota aquesta informació pretén conservar i difondre el patrimoni històric i cultural de les illes, per ampliar-lo i enriquir-lo.

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As family medicine educators, we nurture and guide the intellectual curiosity of our medical students in the MSU College of Human Medicine. We stand beside them as they hone their research questions, collect data, and analyze results. Now it is time to support them as they take their next vital step; sharing their findings with the wider community. Although there are national venues for student research presentations, the financial barrier can be insurmountable. Airline tickets, registration, food, and lodging easily reach $2,000 for student participation in a national conference. A generous gift has been offered by Terrie and Henry Barry, MD; and they have issued a challenge to MSU Family Medicine friends and colleagues throughout our community campuses. Over a five-year period the Barrys’ will make a lead donation each year that will be more than adequate to send one of our students to a national conference. They challenge their colleagues to join in developing the Department of Family Medicine Fund for Student Scholars, a vibrant, renewable fund that can provide such awards for other interested students. For each $1,000 donated by you, their colleagues in family medicine, the Barrys will contribute an additional $100 to the fund (to a total of 25 donors). The target is $30,000 in funding annually for direct support for students interested in family medicine.

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Viladrau, refugi dels arxius catalans durant la Guerra Civil Espanyola (1936-1939) / Jaume Enric Zamora i Escala Zamora i Escala, Jaume Enric En: Poder judicial. II, n. 43-44 (1996) , p. 163-192 Matèries: Arxius històrics ; Arxius eclesiàstics ; Guerra civil espanyola ; Generalitat republicana ; Patrimoni històric i artístic ; Restauració i conservació ; Historiadors Matèries: Duran i Sanpere, Agustí (1887-1975) Matèries: Arxiu Diocesà de Barcelona ; Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona ; Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragó Àmbit: Viladrau ; Catalunya Cronologia: 1936 - 1939 Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 2 / 23 seleccionar imprimir Notícies de valldoreixencs dels segles XVI i XVII a l'Arxiu de la Catedral i l'Arxiu de Protocols de Barcelona / Sofia Garçon i Peyrí Garçon i Peyrí, Sofia En: Valldaurex. Valldoreix, núm. 10 (2006) , p. 19-23 (Ambit Local) Notes històriques de valldoreixencs dels segles XVI i XVII extretes dels llibres d'esposalles de la Catedral de Barcelona i dels llibres notarials de l'Arxiu de Protocols de Barcelona. Matèries: Protocols notarials ; Fonts documentals ; Arxius històrics ; Documentació eclesiàstica ; Arxius capitulars Matèries: Valldoreixencs Matèries: Arxiu Històric de Protocols de Barcelona ; Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona Àmbit: Valldoreix - Sant Cugat del Vallès Cronologia: 1499 - 1649 Localització: UAB: Sibhil·la; Institut Ramon Muntaner Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 3 / 23 seleccionar imprimir Text complet Diplomatari de l'Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona, segle XI: Volum V / edició i estudi a cura de Josep Baucells i Reig, Àngel Fàbrega i Grau, Manuel Riu i Riu, [et al.] Barcelona ; Lleida : Fundació Noguera : Pagès, 2006 594 p. ; 24 cm (Diplomataris, 41) Inclou índex toponomàstic. ISBN 84-9779-410-9 L'Arxiu de la Catedral de Barcelona és la institució que ha conservat més pergamins solts de l''eòca medieval de tot el món. Ja se n'havien publicat els corresponents als segles IX i X, un total de 351 -per l'arxiver Dr. Àngel Fàbraga-. Amb la present edició que recull els pergamins del segle XI, es completa l''obra anterior i es posa a l'abast dels investigadors 1.716 documents d''aquesta època. La col·lecció diplomàtica va precedida d'una anàlisi sobre la seva tipologia jurídica, aspectes antroponímics i cronològics, i la "ratio editionis". Matèries: Diplomataris ; Catàlegs ; Manuscrits ; Arxius eclesiàstics ; Arxius capitulars ; Pergamí Matèries: Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona Àmbit: Barcelona ; Catalunya Cronologia: [1001 - 1100] Autors add.: Baucells i Reig, Josep (Ed.) ; Fàbrega i Grau, Àngel (Ed.) ; Riu i Riu, Manuel (Ed.) Autors add.: Fundació Noguera Accés: http://www.fundacionoguera.com/libros/catedral_V 20- 202006.pdf Localització: Arxiu Històric de la Ciutat de Barcelona; Arxiu Històric de Sabadell; Biblioteca de Catalunya; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Universitat de Barcelona; Universitat de Girona; Universitat de Lleida; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Universitat Rovira i Virgili Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 4 / 23 seleccionar imprimir Text complet Diplomatari de l'Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona, segle XI: Volum IV / edició i estudi a cura de Josep Baucells i Reig, Àngel Fàbrega i Grau, Manuel Riu i Riu, [et al.] Barcelona ; Lleida : Fundació Noguera : Pagès, 2006 582 p. ; 24 cm (Diplomataris, 40) Inclou índex toponomàstic. ISBN 84-9779-409-5 L'Arxiu de la Catedral de Barcelona és la institució que ha conservat més pergamins solts de l''eòca medieval de tot el món. Ja se n'havien publicat els corresponents als segles IX i X, un total de 351 -per l'arxiver Dr. Àngel Fàbraga-. Amb la present edició que recull els pergamins del segle XI, es completa l''obra anterior i es posa a l'abast dels investigadors 1.716 documents d''aquesta època. La col·lecció diplomàtica va precedida d'una anàlisi sobre la seva tipologia jurídica, aspectes antroponímics i cronològics, i la "ratio editionis". Matèries: Diplomataris ; Catàlegs ; Manuscrits ; Arxius eclesiàstics ; Arxius capitulars ; Pergamí Matèries: Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona Àmbit: Barcelona ; Catalunya Cronologia: [1001 - 1100] Autors add.: Baucells i Reig, Josep (Ed.) ; Fàbrega i Grau, Àngel (Ed.) ; Riu i Riu, Manuel (Ed.) Autors add.: Fundació Noguera Accés: http://www.fundacionoguera.com/libros/catedral_IV 20- 202006.pdf Localització: Arxiu Històric de la Ciutat de Barcelona; Arxiu Històric de Sabadell; Biblioteca de Catalunya; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Universitat de Barcelona; Universitat de Girona; Universitat de Lleida; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Universitat Rovira i Virgili Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 5 / 23 seleccionar imprimir Text complet Diplomatari de l'Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona, segle XI: Volum III / edició i estudi a cura de Josep Baucells i Reig, Àngel Fàbrega i Grau, Manuel Riu i Riu, [et al.] Barcelona ; Lleida : Fundació Noguera : Pagès, 2006 578 p. ; 24 cm (Diplomataris, 39) Inclou índex toponomàstic. ISBN 84-9779-408-7 L'Arxiu de la Catedral de Barcelona és la institució que ha conservat més pergamins solts de l''eòca medieval de tot el món. Ja se n'havien publicat els corresponents als segles IX i X, un total de 351 -per l'arxiver Dr. Àngel Fàbraga-. Amb la present edició que recull els pergamins del segle XI, es completa l''obra anterior i es posa a l'abast dels investigadors 1.716 documents d''aquesta època. La col·lecció diplomàtica va precedida d'una anàlisi sobre la seva tipologia jurídica, aspectes antroponímics i cronològics, i la "ratio editionis". Matèries: Diplomataris ; Catàlegs ; Manuscrits ; Arxius eclesiàstics ; Arxius capitulars ; Pergamí Matèries: Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona Àmbit: Barcelona ; Catalunya Cronologia: [1001 - 1100] Autors add.: Baucells i Reig, Josep (Ed.) ; Fàbrega i Grau, Àngel (Ed.) ; Riu i Riu, Manuel (Ed.) Autors add.: Fundació Noguera Accés: http://www.fundacionoguera.com/libros/catedral_III 20- 202006.pdf Localització: Arxiu Històric de la Ciutat de Barcelona; Arxiu Històric de Sabadell; Biblioteca de Catalunya; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Universitat de Barcelona; Universitat de Girona; Universitat de Lleida; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Universitat Rovira i Virgili Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 6 / 23 seleccionar imprimir Text complet Diplomatari de l'Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona, segle XI: Volum II / edició i estudi a cura de Josep Baucells i Reig, Àngel Fàbrega i Grau, Manuel Riu i Riu, [et al.] Barcelona ; Lleida : Fundació Noguera : Pagès, 2006 556 p. ; 24 cm (Diplomataris, 38) ISBN 84-9779-407-9 L'Arxiu de la Catedral de Barcelona és la institució que ha conservat més pergamins solts de l''eòca medieval de tot el món. Ja se n'havien publicat els corresponents als segles IX i X, un total de 351 -per l'arxiver Dr. Àngel Fàbraga-. Amb la present edició que recull els pergamins del segle XI, es completa l''obra anterior i es posa a l'abast dels investigadors 1.716 documents d''aquesta època. La col·lecció diplomàtica va precedida d'una anàlisi sobre la seva tipologia jurídica, aspectes antroponímics i cronològics, i la "ratio editionis". Clou l'obra un extens índex toponomàstic. Matèries: Diplomataris ; Catàlegs ; Manuscrits ; Arxius eclesiàstics ; Arxius capitulars ; Pergamí Matèries: Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona Àmbit: Barcelona ; Catalunya Cronologia: [1001 - 1100] Autors add.: Baucells i Reig, Josep (Ed.) ; Fàbrega i Grau, Àngel (Ed.) ; Riu i Riu, Manuel (Ed.) Autors add.: Fundació Noguera Accés: http://www.fundacionoguera.com/libros/catedral_II 20- 202006.pdf Localització: Arxiu Històric de la Ciutat de Barcelona; Arxiu Històric de Sabadell; Biblioteca de Catalunya; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Universitat de Barcelona; Universitat de Girona; Universitat de Lleida; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Universitat Rovira i Virgili Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 7 / 23 seleccionar imprimir Text complet Diplomatari de l'Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona, segle XI: Volum I / edició i estudi a cura de Josep Baucells i Reig, Àngel Fàbrega i Grau, Manuel Riu i Riu, [et al.] Barcelona ; Lleida : Fundació Noguera : Pagès, 2006 564 p. ; 24 cm (Diplomataris, 37) Inclou índex toponomàstic. ISBN 84-9779-405-2 L'Arxiu de la Catedral de Barcelona és la institució que ha conservat més pergamins solts de l''eòca medieval de tot el món. Ja se n'havien publicat els corresponents als segles IX i X, un total de 351 -per l'arxiver Dr. Àngel Fàbraga-. Amb la present edició que recull els pergamins del segle XI, es completa l''obra anterior i es posa a l'abast dels investigadors 1.716 documents d''aquesta època. La col·lecció diplomàtica va precedida d'una anàlisi sobre la seva tipologia jurídica, aspectes antroponímics i cronològics, i la "ratio editionis". Matèries: Diplomataris ; Catàlegs ; Manuscrits ; Arxius eclesiàstics ; Arxius capitulars Matèries: Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona Àmbit: Barcelona Cronologia: [1001 - 1100] Autors add.: Baucells i Reig, Josep (Ed.) ; Fàbrega i Grau, Àngel (Ed.) ; Riu i Riu, Manuel (Ed.) Autors add.: Fundació Noguera Accés: http://www.fundacionoguera.com/libros/catedral 201 20- 202006.pdf Localització: Arxiu Històric de la Ciutat de Barcelona; Arxiu Històric de Sabadell; Biblioteca de Catalunya; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Universitat de Barcelona; Universitat de Girona; Universitat de Lleida; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Universitat Rovira i Virgili Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 8 / 23 seleccionar imprimir Viladrau, refugi dels arxius catalans durant la Guerra Civil Espanyola (1936 - 1939) / Jaume Enric Zamora i Escala Zamora i Escala, Jaume Enric En: Monografies del Montseny. Viladrau, núm. 11 (1996) , p. 229-260 : il. Bibliografia i fonts. Notes. Matèries: Arxius històrics ; Arxius eclesiàstics ; Fonts documentals ; Guerra civil espanyola ; Generalitat republicana ; Patrimoni històric i artístic ; Restauració i conservació ; Entrevistes ; Dietari ; Historiadors Matèries: Duran i Sanpere, Agustí (1887-1975) Matèries: Generalitat de Catalunya. Secció d'Arxius ; Arxiu Diocesà de Barcelona ; Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona ; Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragó Àmbit: Viladrau Cronologia: 1936 - 1940 Localització: UAB: Humanitats (Hemeroteca); Biblioteca de Catalunya; Universitat de Barcelona; Universitat de Girona; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 9 / 23 seleccionar imprimir Guia dels arxius històrics de Catalunya. Vol. 7 / Àngel Fàbrega i Grau, Josep Baucells i Reig, Josep Maria Martí i Bonet Barcelona : Departament de Cultura de la Generalitat de Catalunya, 1998 282 p., [18] làm. ; 18 cm (Guia dels arxius històrics de Catalunya, 7) Bibliografia. A la part superior de la portada: Direcció General del Patrimoni Cultural. Servei d'Arxius. ISBN 84-393-4610-7 Matèries: Guies ; Catàlegs ; Arxius històrics ; Arxius capitulars ; Arxius diocesans ; Arxius monacals ; Arxius eclesiàstics ; Ordes religiosos Matèries: Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona ; Arxiu Diocesà de Barcelona ; Monestir de Sant Pere de les Puel·les de Barcelona. Arxiu ; Arxiu Provincial dels Caputxins de Catalunya ; Arxiu dels Carmelites Descalços de Catalunya ; Monestir de Santa Maria de Pedralbes. Arxiu ; Arxiu Provincial de l'Escola Pia de Catalunya ; Arxiu dels Franciscans de Catalunya ; Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Girona ; Arxiu Diocesà de Girona ; Arxiu Capitular de la Seu de Lleida ; Arxiu Diocesà de Lleida ; Arxiu de la Seu de Manresa ; Abadia de Montserrat. Arxiu ; Abadia de Poblet. Arxiu ; Arxiu Històric de la Companyia de Jesús de Catalunya ; Arxiu del Palau Requesens-Fundació Borja ; Arxiu Capitular de la Seu d'Urgell ; Arxiu Diocesà d'Urgell ; Arxiu Diocesà de Solsona ; Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Tarragona ; Arxiu Històric Arxidiocesà de Tarragona ; Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Tortosa ; Arxiu Diocesà de Tortosa ; Arxiu i Biblioteca Episcopal de Vic Àmbit: Catalunya ; Barcelona ; Girona ; Lleida ; Manresa ; Montserrat - Monistrol de Montserrat ; Vimbodí i Poblet ; Seu d'Urgell, la ; Solsona ; Tarragona ; Tortosa ; Vic Cronologia: 1998 Autors add.: Fàbrega i Grau, Àngel ; Baucells i Reig, Josep ; Martí i Bonet, Josep Maria Localització: UAB: Humanitats; Arxiu Històric de la Ciutat de Barcelona Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 10 / 23 seleccionar imprimir Documentación franciscana en el Archivo Capitular de Barcelona: I los franciscanos en la Diócesis de Barcelona en los siglos XIII y XIV / Josep Baucells Reig Baucells i Reig, Josep [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1980 [41] p. ; 24 cm Separata d': Archivo Ibero-Americano, tomo LX, núm. 160 (1980), pàgs. 340-381. Notes a peu de pàgina. Inclou apèndix documental. Matèries: Ordes religiosos ; Fonts documentals ; Arxius capitulars Matèries: Franciscans ; Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona Àmbit: Barcelona, diòcesi Cronologia: [12?? - 13??] Localització: Arxiu Històric de la Ciutat de Barcelona Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 11 / 23 seleccionar imprimir The Jews in Barcelona 1213 - 1291: regesta of documents from the Archivo Capitular / compiled by María Cinta Mañé ; edited and introducerd by Yom Tov Assis Jerusalem : Ginzei am Olam : Hispania Judaica. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1988 219 p. ; 24 cm (Sources for the history of the jews in Spain, 1) Matèries: Jueus ; Fonts documentals ; Arxius capitulars ; Catàlegs ; Inventaris Matèries: Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona Àmbit: Barcelona Cronologia: 1213 - 1291 Autors add.: Mañé i Mas, Maria Cinta (Rec.) ; Assis, Yom Tov (Ed., Intr.) Localització: Arxiu Històric de la Ciutat de Barcelona Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 12 / 23 seleccionar imprimir Diplomatari de la Catedral de Barcelona: documents dels anys 844 - 1260 / Angel Fàbrega i Grau Fàbrega i Grau, Àngel Barcelona : Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona, 1995- vol. : il. ; 24 cm (Fonts documentals) Bibliografia. Matèries: Diplomataris ; Catedrals ; Fonts documentals ; Arxius capitulars Matèries: Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona Àmbit: Barcelona Cronologia: 844 - 1260 Localització: Arxiu Històric de la Ciutat de Barcelona Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 13 / 23 seleccionar imprimir Els Quatre llibres de la reina Elionor de Sícilia a l'Arxiu de la Catedral de Barcelona / per Margarida Anglada Cantarell, M. Angels Fernández Tortadés, Concepció Petit Cibirain Anglada Cantarell, Margarida Barcelona : Fundació Noguera, 1992 255 p. ; 24 cm (Textos i documents, 26) Bibliografia. Breu estudi i publicació de quatre llibres de la casa de la tercera esposa de Pere el Cerimoniós. El primer, o Llibre de la Cambra e lits, és un llibre de rober, on s'anoten les entrades i sortides de robes de la cambra de la reina; els altres tres són llibres de comptes, on s'anoten les despeses de la sobirana. Tot plegat, es tracta d'una font utilíssima per l'estudi de la indumentària femenina medieval, però també per tot allò concernent a la reialesa catalano-aragonesa. Matèries: Monarques ; Dona ; Pere III el Cerimoniós ; Indumentària ; Fonts documentals ; Arxius capitulars Matèries: Elionor de Sicília (1325-1375) Matèries: Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona Àmbit: Barcelona Cronologia: [1325? - 1375?] Autors add.: Fernández Tortadés, M. Àngels ; Petit Cibirain, Concepció Autors add.: Fundació Noguera Localització: Arxiu Històric de la Ciutat de Barcelona; Biblioteca de Catalunya; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Universitat de Barcelona; Universitat de Girona; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Universitat Rovira i Virgili Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 14 / 23 seleccionar imprimir El Archivo Capitular de la S.I. Catedral Basílica de Barcelona [1965?] [15] f., [8] f. pleg. ; 31 cm Text mecanografiat. Matèries: Arxius capitulars ; Guies Matèries: Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona Àmbit: Barcelona Cronologia: [1965?] Localització: Arxiu Històric de la Ciutat de Barcelona Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 15 / 23 seleccionar imprimir Regesta documental de biblias manuscritas e impresas (1336 - 1600) / J. M. Madurell i Marimon Madurell i Marimon, Josep Maria En: Analecta Sacra Tarraconensia. Barcelona. vol.1, núm. 47 (1974) , p. 1-6 Matèries: Llibres ; Manuscrits ; Catàlegs ; Edició de publicacions ; Corona d'Aragó Matèries: Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona ; Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragó ; Arxiu Històric de la Ciutat de Barcelona ; Arxiu Històric de Protocols de Barcelona Àmbit: Aragó, corona d' Cronologia: 1300 - 1600 Localització: Biblioteca Borja (URL); Biblioteca de Catalunya; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Universitat de Barcelona; Universitat de Girona; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Universitat Rovira i Virgili Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 16 / 23 seleccionar imprimir Un Opuscle de Pere Miquel Carbonell a l'Arxiu Capitular de Barcelona / Marc Mayer Mayer i Olivé, Marc En: Faventia. Bellaterra. Any I, núm. 2 (1979) , p. 293-305 : il. Inclou apèndix documental. Matèries: Còdexs ; Biografia ; Paleografia ; Fonts documentals Matèries: Carbonell i de Soler, Pere Miquel (1434-1517) ; Oller, Bartomeu Matèries: Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona Àmbit: Barcelona Cronologia: [1400 - 1500] Localització: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; UAB: Humanitats (Hemeroteca); B. Abadia de Montserrat; Biblioteca Borja (URL); Biblioteca de Catalunya; Universitat de Barcelona; Universitat de Girona; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Universitat de Lleida Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 17 / 23 seleccionar imprimir Un Còdex català retrobat / Josep Perarnau Espelt Perarnau Espelt, Josep En: Analecta Sacra Tarraconensia. Barcelona, núm. 47 (1974) , p. 219-228 Matèries: Còdexs ; Fonts documentals ; Documentació eclesiàstica Matèries: Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona ; Biblioteca Apostòlica Vaticana Àmbit: Catalunya ; Barcelona Cronologia: [1400 - 1500] Localització: Biblioteca Borja (URL); Biblioteca de Catalunya; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Universitat de Barcelona; Universitat de Girona; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Universitat Rovira i Virgili Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 18 / 23 seleccionar imprimir Francesos i occitans en el fons de l'Arxiu Capitular de Barcelona / M. Mercè Gras i Casanovas, Valentí Gual i Vilà Gras i Casanovas, M. Mercè En: L'Avenç : Revista d'Història. Barcelona, núm. 168 (1993) , p. 14-17 EL present article és el resultat de la investigació portada a terme en el fons de processos de la Pia Almoina de la Seu de Barcelona (conservats en l'Arxiu Capitular) arran de la immigració francesa i occitana a Catalunya. Des de finals d'agost a principis de setembre de 1598 es registren 18 casos de matrimonis dels quals almenys un dels cònjuges és francès. Matèries: Matrimoni ; Immigració ; Immigrants ; Fonts documentals ; Arxius capitulars ; Població estrangera Matèries: Francesos Matèries: Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona Àmbit: Barcelona ; Catalunya Cronologia: 1598 Autors add.: Gual i Vilà, Valentí Localització: UAB: Humanitats (Hemeroteca); UAB: Ciències Socials; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Biblioteca Borja (URL); B. Abadia de Montserrat Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 19 / 23 seleccionar imprimir El Baix Llobregat i la Pia Almoina de la Seu de Barcelona: inventari dels pergamins, de Josep Baucells i Reig / J.M.O Morán i Ocerinjáuregui, Josep En: Baix Llobregat : Butlletí del Centre d'Estudis Comarcals. Martorell. 3r trimestre, núm. 3 (1984) , p. 8 (Llibres de la comarca) Ressenya de: - Baucells i Reig, Josep. El Baix Llobregat i la Pia Almoina de la Seu de Barcelona: inventari dels pergamins. Barcelona : Generalitat de Catalunya. Departament de Cultura, 1984 Matèries: Inventaris ; Catàlegs ; Arxius eclesiàstics ; Fonts documentals ; Pergamí ; Arxivística ; Ressenyes Matèries: Pia Almoina de la Seu de Barcelona ; Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona Àmbit: Baix Llobregat ; Rubí ; Sant Feliu de Llobregat Cronologia: 1000 - 1500 Localització: B. del Centre d'Estudis del Baix Llobregat Enllaç permanent a aquest registre 20 / 23 seleccionar imprimir Els Arxius per a la història del Baix Llobregat / M. Luz Retuerta Jiménez ; [elaboració de l'Annex: Joan Fernández Trabal] Retuerta i Jiménez, Maria Luz En: 036031 I Jornades de Recerca Històrica i Social del Baix Llobregat. Barcelona : Centre d'Estudis Comarcals del Baix Llobregat: Arxiu Històric Comarcal de Sant Feliu de Llobregat: Publicacions de l'Abadia de Montserrat, 1993. p. 249-276 Inclou apèndix documental. Matèries: Arxius ; Fonts documentals ; Arxius municipals ; Arxius comarcals ; Història local ; Arxius parroquials ; Arxius històrics Matèries: Arxiu Històric Comarcal de Sant Feliu de Llobregat ; Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragó ; Arxiu Nacional de Catalunya ; Biblioteca de Catalunya. Arxiu ; Institut Municipal d'Història de Barcelona ; Arxiu Històric de Terrassa ; Arxiu Diocesà de Barcelona ; Arxiu Capitular de la Catedral de Barcelona ; Arxiu de Sant Pere de les Puel·les ; Arxiu Parroquial de Santa Maria del Pi ; Arxiu de la Canònica de Solsona ; Arxiu del Palau Requesens-Fundació Borja ; Arxiu Patrimonial del Marquès de la Manresana ; Arxiu del Castell del Papiol Àmbit: Baix Llobregat Cronologia: 1990 Autors add.: Fernàndez i Trabal, Joan (Col·l.) Localització: Arxiu Comarcal del Baix Llobregat; B. Montserrat Roig (Sant Feliu de Llobregat); B. Marian Colomé (Gavà); Museu de Gavà (Fons documental); Biblioteca El Molí (Molins de Rei); B. Marta Mata (Cornellà de Llobregat); B. Antonio Martín (El Prat de Llobregat); B. Jordi Rubió i Balaguer (Sant Boi de Llobregat); B. Francesc Pujols (Martorell); B. La Ginesta (Begues); Arxiu Municipal de Viladecans; Arxiu Municipal de Molins de Rei; Centre d'Estudis de l'Hospitalet de Llobregat Enllaç permanent a aquest registre página 1 de 2 ir a la página Refinar la búsqueda Base de datos FONS : Formulario avanzado Formulario libre Buscar: en el campo: 1 Cualquier campoMateriasAutorGeográficoComarcasPeríodo cronológicoRevistas vaciadasPalabras del títuloFecha de publicaciónColecciónTipo de documentoTipo de soporte 2 and or and not Cualquier campoMateriasAutorGeográficoComarcasPeríodo cronológicoRevistas vaciadasPalabras del títuloFecha de publicaciónColecciónTipo de documentoTipo de soporte 3 and or and not Cualquier campoMateriasAutorGeográficoComarcasPeríodo cronológicoRevistas vaciadasPalabras del títuloFecha de publicaciónColecciónTipo de documentoTipo de soporte

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La vida de famílies senceres, joves, nens i nenes corre perill després de la invasió de Rússia a Ucraïna. És urgent que permetin l’accés a ajuda humanitària: amb el teu suport podem protegir la vida de les persones a Ucraïna i defensar-ne els seus drets. UNEIX-TE Aquest web utilitza cookies Utilitzem cookies pròpies i de tercers per analitzar el trànsit web, personalitzar el contingut, oferir funcions de xarxes socials i mostrar publicitat personalitzada basada en els hàbits de navegació. Per a més informació pots consultar la nostra política de cookies AQUÍ. Pots acceptar totes les cookies, modificar-ne la selecció o rebutjar-ne l’ús a «Configurar" Configuració de cookies Acceptar Aquest web utilitza cookies En acceptar , instal·larem cookies en el teu dispositiu per millorar el servei d’aquesta pàgina web. Pots modificar aquí la teva configuració i escollir el tipus d’autorització que dones. Pots consultar AQUÍ la informació sobre com utilitzem les cookies. Accepta totes Cookies necessàries Algunes cookies són necessàries per a l’ús de la web d’Amnistia Internacional. Pots restringir-les o bloquejar-les de forma general configurant el teu navegador, però algunes àrees del lloc no funcionaran. No emmagatzemen cap informació d’identificació personal. Cookies per a estadístiques Sí No Ens permeten entendre com estàs navegant per la pàgina web i ens ajudaran a millorar la teva experiència en visitar-la. Cookies de mercadotècnia Sí No Serveixen per millorar la rellevància dels anuncis que poden aparèixer en altres llocs web pels quals navegues.

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Una economia emergent roda arreu del món i ho fa acompanyada d’adjectius com els de social i solidària. De moment, la capacitat de seducció de les seves iniciatives ha aconseguit naturalitzar un conjunt de termes nous que la defineixen: comerç just, banca ètica, consum responsable, compra pública responsable, moneda social i, naturalment, economia social i solidària. En aquestes expressions, l’adjectiu sembla que vulgui reconduir el substantiu cap allò que no hauria hagut mai de deixar de ser: el comerç, just; la banca, ètica; el consum, responsable; la compra pública, responsable també; la moneda, social, i, naturalment, l’economia, social i solidària. Són expressions que, d’una banda, situen les iniciatives d’economia social i solidària com el model desitjable cap al qual tota l’economia hauria de tendir i, de l’altra, emplacen i pressionen subtilment el comerç, el sistema financer, el consum, la compra pública o la moneda, en definitiva, l’economia capitalista sencera, per tal que siguin ètiques i serveixin la societat. Perquè, què estem dient quan parlem d’“economia social”, sinó que hi ha una economia, la dominant, que no ho és, de social i, doncs, que no està al servei de la societat? Quina realitat evidenciem quan ens referim a banca ètica, sinó que hi ha una banca, l’habitual, que opera sota criteris no ètics, més encara que hi ha unes lleis, les que permeten a aquestes entitats funcionar, que no s’ajusten als principis ètics? Les paraules tenen el seu poder i l‘acceptació social d’aquests termes ja constitueix una victòria de l’economia social i solidària. Significa que la majoria de la població l’està situant ja en el bàndol d’allò desitjable. Aquestes setmanes estic fent un munt de xerrades i de formacions sobre el sector i puc testimoniar com la rebuda és sempre molt positiva. De vegades començo la sessió demanant les assistents (la majoria són dones) que em diguin paraules que associen a “economia social i solidària” mentre jo les escric a la pissarra. I totes les que proposen tenen connotacions positives, que es poden resumir en això que de vegades anomenem “impacte social”, encara que n’hauríem de dir impacte social positiu, ja que qualsevol entitat o empresa impacta en la societat, la qüestió és si el balanç d’aquest impacte és positiu o negatiu. Doncs bé, “equitat”, “bé comú”, “sostenibilitat”, “solidaritat”, “participació”, “cooperació” i “comunitat” són els termes que la majoria associa a l’economia social i solidària. En aquestes sessions parlem sobre el que és economia social i solidària i el que no és, i els dic que no per ser una cooperativa, posem per cas, s’és automàticament economia social i solidària, de la mateixa manera que no per ser una societat civil privada o una societat limitada, se’n queda exclòs. És cert que hi ha figures jurídiques que faciliten operar sota criteris d’economia social i solidària i d’altres que no, però en darrera instància ni el nom ni la forma jurídica no fa mai la cosa; la cosa es fa amb la pràctica de cada dia. Per això són tan importants el balanç social o el mapa Pam a Pam, perquè constitueixen eines obertes i inclusives que ajuden a identificar el sector, a més de visibilitzar-lo i millorar-lo. Esperem que algun dia la força de l’economia social i solidària sigui tan gran que aconsegueixi canviar les normes del joc. Aleshores ja no ens caldran més els adjectius; la banca ètica serà la banca, la moneda social la moneda, la compra pública responsable la compra pública, i l’economia social i solidària esdevindrà simplement l’economia. balanç social, economia social i solidària, pam a pam No hi ha comentaris Permalink Post navigation ← Compra pública responsable: els diners del comú per al bé comú Declarem les ciutats lliures de lladres fiscals! → Say something × Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked with a grey bar. Name Email Website Comment You may use these HTML tags and attributes: <a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <cite> <code> <del datetime=""> <em> <i> <q cite=""> <s> <strike> <strong> Δ Aquest lloc utilitza Akismet per reduir els comentaris brossa. Apreneu com es processen les dades dels comentaris. cerca Search ecos emprenedoria intercooperació independència polítiques públiques mercat social democràcia cooperativisme capitalisme economia solidària XES grup cooperatiu compra pública responsable participació llei de cooperatives crisi cooperatives som energia balanç social comunitat

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Per A L'Entreteniment De Les Persones Que Volen Llegir I Seguir Els Estils De Vida Dels Seus Celebritats. Principal Educació Salut Article Xafarderies Biografia 10 fets fascinants sobre Anne Boline - Article Article 10 fets fascinants sobre Anne Boleyn top-leaderboard-limit '> Anne Boleyn va ser una de les reines més controvertides d’Anglaterra. El 1533, el rei Enric VIII va anul·lar el seu primer matrimoni (amb Caterina d'Aragó) i estava en procés de trencar-se amb l'església catòlica per casar-se amb l'encantadora noble. Però la seva felicitat no duraria: només tres anys després, Anne va ser executada. És una història convincent que s’ha dramatitzat en obres de teatre, novel·la, pel·lícula i programes de televisió. Però avui deixem de banda les representacions de la cultura pop per fer una ullada a la veritable Anne Boleyn. quants personatges de la guerra i la pau Els anys de formació d’Anne Boleyn es van passar a França i Bèlgica. Nascuda a principis del segle XVI (possiblement el 1501 o 1507), Anne era filla de Thomas Boleyn, un diplomàtic anglès. Quan era una nena, va marxar a l’estranger per estudiar a la cort de Margarida d’Àustria, situada a l’actual Bèlgica, i més tard va continuar la seva formació com a membre de l’elegant llar de Mary Tudor a París. Quan va tornar a la seva Anglaterra natal a principis de la dècada de 1520, Boleyn ja dominava la llengua francesa, i també es portava com una parisenca. 'Ningú', va escriure un dels contemporanis de Boleyn, 'mai l'hauria portat a ser anglesa per les seves maneres, sinó [en canvi] a una francesa nativa'. Anne Boleyn va tocar el llaüt. Fins i tot els crítics més durs de Boleyn van haver d’admetre que era una bona ballarina. També li agradava la música i, segons sembla, tocava el llaüt (un instrument semblant a una guitarra popular a les reunions de Tudor) força bé. Un cançoner que porta la seva inscripció es troba al Royal College of Music de Londres. No està clar si Boleyn va ser propietari d’aquest llibre, però la seva selecció de cançons és històricament significativa. Anne Boleyn gairebé es va casar amb algú que no fos el rei Enric VIII. El 1522, Thomas Boleyn i el seu cosí, Sir Piers Butler, intentaven reclamar algunes propietats irlandeses que havien pertangut a un dels seus avantpassats. Per solucionar la disputa, l’oncle d’Anne va suggerir casar-se amb Anne amb el fill de Butler, James, de manera que les faccions poguessin unificar-se en el futur. Quan Anne va tornar a Anglaterra, el matrimoni ja estava en procés. El rei Enric VIII —la mestressa de la qual en aquella època era la germana d'Anne, Maria— va donar suport al partit, però el matrimoni mai va acabar. Anne també va tenir una relació romàntica amb un Henry Percy, un futur comte de Northumberland que va acabar casant-se amb Lady Mary Talbot. Anne Boleyn estava embarassada de la seva coronació. El matrimoni del rei Enric VIII amb la seva primera esposa, Caterina d’Aragó, va ser anul·lat el 23 de maig de 1533. Feia anys que cortejava Anne Boleyn; moltes de les seves cartes d’amor sobreviuen fins als nostres dies. A mesura que l’enamorament del rei creixia, també creixia el seu desig d’un hereu masculí sa, cosa que Catalina mai no li va donar. Però el papa Climent VII es va negar a dissoldre el matrimoni reial. Així, l'arquebisbe de Canterbury va continuar endavant i ho va anul·lar. Enric VIII aviat seria declarat 'Cap Suprem de l'Església d'Anglaterra', trencant els seus vincles amb el Vaticà. Boleyn va ser coronada reina l'1 de juny de 1533. El seu primer fill, la princesa Isabel, va néixer poc més de tres mesos després. per què hauries d’aconseguir un gat? L’emblema d’Anne Boleyn era un falcó blanc. Els Boleyn van prendre un falcó blanc de la tradicional cresta de la família Butler. Per a la cerimònia de coronació d’Anne, el poeta Nicholas Udall va escriure una balada que va comparar la nova reina amb aquest elegant rapinyaire. 'Mireu i vegeu el Falcon White!' va declarar un vers. 'Com comença a estendre les ales i perquè la nostra comoditat agafi el vol' [PDF]. La nova reina també va utilitzar una insígnia de falcó blanc com a emblema personal; en algun moment, es va esculpir una versió pintada a la Torre de Londres. Les opinions religioses d’Anne Boleyn són difícils de precisar, però semblava simpatitzar amb els reformadors. En un moment en què les bíblies en llengua llatina eren la norma a l’Europa catòlica, Boleyn va recolzar constantment la publicació de traduccions a l’anglès, una noció controvertida en aquell moment. Com a reina, ella i el seu marit van organitzar l'alliberament de Nicholas Bourbon, un humanista francès les crítiques del culte als sants i altres qüestions teològiques l'havien fet caure a la presó. Borbó va marxar a Anglaterra, on va tutoritzar el nebot de Boleyn (a petició seva). Anne Boleyn va ser la primera de les reines d’Enric VIII a ser decapitada. Igual que Catherine abans que ella, Anne Boleyn no va aconseguir lliurar l’hereu masculí que tant buscava Enric VIII. El 1536 es va trobar a judici, acusada d’alta traïció, adulteri i incest. (Es van circular rumors que tenia una aventura amb el seu germà, George.) Tot i que molts historiadors rebutgen aquestes acusacions, no obstant això, van segellar el seu destí. Boleyn va ser decapitat el 19 de maig de 1536. Enric VIII es va casar amb la seva tercera esposa, Jane Seymour, aquell mateix mes. Dos cònjuges més tard, la història es va repetir quan el rei va fer decapitar la reina número cinc, Catherine Howard, el 1542. S'ha afirmat que Anne Boleyn tenia 11 dits. Quan substituïu un monarca popular i estimuleu el canvi del teixit religiós de tot un país, estareu obligats a fer enemics. Un dels detractors de Boleyn va afirmar que tenia un 'esperit diabòlic', mentre que un altre la va anomenar famosa 'puta amb ulls de ulleres'. I després hi ha el propagandista catòlic Nicholas Sander, que va escriure una descarada descripció de l’antiga reina molts anys després de morir. Segons ell, Boleyn tenia 'una gran berruga [berruga o quist] sota la barbeta', una 'dent que sobresortia sota el llavi superior' i 'sis dits' a la mà dreta. Però les seves afirmacions són altament sospitoses. No hi ha cap prova que Sander fixés mai Boleyn; a més, els seus contemporanis no esmentaven cap d’aquests trets físics en els seus propis escrits sobre la reina. En el pitjor dels casos, ellapodriahe tingut un segon clau en un dit, que és molt lluny de dir que posseïa un dígit addicional. La filla d’Anne Boleyn, la reina Isabel I, va governar Anglaterra durant dècades. Coronada als 25 anys el 15 de gener de 1559, la reina Isabel I va derrotar l'Armada espanyola, va promoure l'exploració i va frustrar múltiples complots d'assassinat durant els seus 44 anys de regnat. Va mantenir el tron ​​fins a la seva mort el 1603. qui va influir en Leonardo da Vinci Només queda un retrat d’Anne Boleyn (que coneixem). Quan Enric VIII la va executar, la majoria de semblances d’Anne Boleyn van ser destruïdes intencionadament, i ara només existeix una imatge contemporània de la reina: un disc de plom, elaborat el 1534, amb la cara de Boleyn gravada a un costat, British Museum de Londres. És l’únic retrat verificat de l’antiga reina que es va produir realment durant la seva vida. Però pot haver-hi almenys una imatge més de la reina: el 2015 es va utilitzar un programari de reconeixement facial per comparar la imatge del disc amb una pintura del segle XVI que actualment es troba a les galeries i museus d’art Bradford. El subjecte de la imatge, una dona jove, mai no s’ha identificat, però segons el programa, la figura s’assembla molt al retrat de Boleyn en aquell disc principal, tot i que els investigadors van advertir que els seus resultats no eren concloents a causa de la manca de dades.

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Pretty much any academic eventually feels that s/he is misunderstood. Misunderstandings about some core notions in about any academic field are involved in some of the most common pet peeves among academics. In other words, there’s nothing as transdisciplinary as misunderstanding. It can happen in the close proximity of a given department (“colleagues in my department misunderstand my work”). It can happen through disciplinary boundaries (“people in that field have always misunderstood our field”). And, it can happen generally: “Nobody gets us.” It’s not paranoia and it’s probably not self-victimization. But there almost seems to be a form of “onedownmanship” at stake with academics from different disciplines claiming that they’re more misunderstood than others. In fact, I personally get the feeling that ethnographers are more among the most misunderstood people around, but even short discussions with friends in other fields (including mathematics) have helped me get the idea that, basically, we’re all misunderstood at the same “level” but there are variations in the ways we’re misunderstood. For instance, anthropologists in general are mistaken for what they aren’t based on partial understanding by the general population. An example from my own experience, related to my decision to call myself an “informal ethnographer.” When you tell people you’re an anthropologist, they form an image in their minds which is very likely to be inaccurate. But they do typically have an image in their minds. On the other hand, very few people have any idea about what “ethnography” means, so they’re less likely to form an opinion of what you do from prior knowledge. They may puzzle over the term and try to take a guess as to what “ethnographer” might mean but, in my experience, calling myself an “ethnographer” has been a more efficient way to be understood than calling myself an “anthropologist.” This may all sound like nitpicking but, from the inside, it’s quite impactful. Linguists are frequently asked about the number of languages they speak. Mathematicians are taken to be number freaks. Psychologists are perceived through the filters of “pop psych.” There are many stereotypes associated with engineers. Etc. These misunderstandings have an impact on anyone’s work. Not only can it be demoralizing and can it impact one’s sense of self-worth, but it can influence funding decisions as well as the use of research results. These misunderstandings can underminine learning across disciplines. In survey courses, basic misunderstandings can make things very difficult for everyone. At a rather basic level, academics fight misunderstandings more than they fight ignorance. The main reason I’m discussing this is that I’ve been given several occasions to think about the interface between the Ivory Tower and the rest of the world. It’s been a major theme in my blogposts about intellectuals, especially the ones in French. Two years ago, for instance, I wrote a post in French about popularizers. A bit more recently, I’ve been blogging about specific instances of misunderstandings associated with popularizers, including Malcolm Gladwell’s approach to expertise. Last year, I did a podcast episode about ethnography and the Ivory Tower. And, just within the past few weeks, I’ve been reading a few things which all seem to me to connect with this same issue: common misunderstandings about academic work. The connections are my own, and may not be so obvious to anyone else. But they’re part of my motivations to blog about this important issue. In no particular order: A thread on a mailing-list about linguistic anthropology. A paleoanthropologist interviewed for a radio show discussed language and cognitive evolution in a way which seemed to some linguistic anthropologists as conveying some misunderstandings about language. Two posts on anthro blog Savage Minds, one on Facebook’s founders Mark Zuckerberg’s (mis)understanding of potlatch and gift economies. The other on broad ideas about “gift economies” among what some have called technolibtertarians. A blogpost about “Common Knowledge” by writer, editor, and teacher Alexa Offenhauer. A “linktrail” about language diversity, about which I blogged for the Society for Linguistic Anthropology. A podcast episode about sociology which included a discussion of the relationships between sociologists and journalists. Several things on my favourite academic blog, Language Log, which demonstrate the distance between popular and academic ideas about language. But, of course, I think about many other things. Including (again, in no particular order): A Language Log piece (that I consider seminal) about “raising standards by lowering them” (and extending the conversation between experts and the general population). A post by Montreal-based entrepreneur Austin Hill about the “social economy as a gift economy.” Two blogposts by LibriVox founder Hugh McGuire about “Why Academics Should Blog.” The first post made me react and the second post was in a small part motivated by my reaction. (As an aside, McGuire should be commended for his flexibility of thoughts. His abilirty to adapt his ideas as the result of thoughtful discussion has helped me have less “visceral” reactions.) Some comments about para-academic by McGill psychologist Dan Levitin in his popular book on music cognition. Bob White’s colloquium on intersubjectivity in ethnography (inspired by Johannes Fabian) which was part of a pivotal moment for me. (The connection to the issue at hand is in the importance of “being taken seriously.”) My work as a teacher of both upper-level and intro courses. Diverse conversations with fellow academics. One discussion I remember, which seems to fit, included comments about Germaine Dieterlen by a friend who also did research in West Africa. Can’t remember the specifics but the gist of my friend’s comment was that “you get to respect work by the likes of Germaine Dieterlen once you start doing field research in the region.” In my academic background, appreciation of Germaine Dieterlen’s may not be unconditional, but it doesn’t necessarily rely on extensive work in the field. In other words, while some parts of Dieterlen’s work may be controversial and it’s extremely likely that she “got a lot of things wrong,” her work seems to be taken seriously by several French-speaking africanists I’ve met. And not only do I respect everyone but I would likely praise someone who was able to work in the field for so long. She’s not my heroine (I don’t really have heroes) or my role-model, but it wouldn’t have occurred to me that respect for her wasn’t widespread. If it had seemed that Dieterlen’s work had been misunderstood, my reflex would possibly have been to rehabilitate her. In fact, there’s a strong academic tradition of rehabilitating deceased scholars. The first example which comes to mind is a series of articles (PDF, in French) and book chapters by UWO linguistic anthropologist Regna Darnell.about “Benjamin Lee Whorf as a key figure in linguistic anthropology.” Of course, saying that these texts by Darnell constitute a rehabilitation of Whorf reveals a type of evaluation of her work. But that evaluation comes from a third person, not from me. The likely reason for this case coming up to my mind is that the so-called “Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis” is among the most misunderstood notions from linguistic anthropology. Moreover, both Whorf and Sapir are frequently misunderstood, which can make matters difficulty for many linguistic anthropologists talking with people outside the discipline. The opposite process is also common: the “slaughtering” of “sacred cows.” (First heard about sacred cows through an article by ethnomusicologist Marcia Herndon.) In some significant ways, any scholar (alive or not) can be the object of not only critiques and criticisms but a kind of off-handed dismissal. Though this often happens within an academic context, the effects are especially lasting outside of academia. In other words, any scholar’s name is likely to be “sullied,” at one point or another. Typically, there seems to be a correlation between the popularity of a scholar and the likelihood of her/his reputation being significantly tarnished at some point in time. While there may still be people who treat Darwin, Freud, Nietzsche, Socrates, Einstein, or Rousseau as near divinities, there are people who will avoid any discussion about anything they’ve done or said. One way to put it is that they’re all misunderstood. Another way to put it is that their main insights have seeped through “common knowledge” but that their individual reputations have decreased. Perhaps the most difficult case to discuss is that of Marx (Karl, not Harpo). Textbooks in introductory sociology typically have him as a key figure in the discipline and it seems clear that his insight on social issues was fundamental in social sciences. But, outside of some key academic contexts, his name is associated with a large series of social events about which people tend to have rather negative reactions. Even more so than for Paul de Man or Martin Heidegger, Marx’s work is entangled in public opinion about his ideas. Haven’t checked for examples but I’m quite sure that Marx’s work is banned in a number of academic contexts. However, even some of Marx’s most ardent opponents are likely to agree with several aspects of Marx’s work and it’s sometimes funny how Marxian some anti-Marxists may be. But I digress… Typically, the “slaughtering of sacred cows” relates to disciplinary boundaries instead of social ones. At least, there’s a significant difference between your discipline’s own “sacred cows” and what you perceive another discipline’s “sacred cows” to be. Within a discipline, the process of dismissing a prior scholar’s work is almost œdipean (speaking of Freud). But dismissal of another discipline’s key figures is tantamount to a rejection of that other discipline. It’s one thing for a physicist to show that Newton was an alchemist. It’d be another thing entirely for a social scientist to deconstruct James Watson’s comments about race or for a theologian to argue with Darwin. Though discussions may have to do with individuals, the effects of the latter can widen gaps between scholarly disciplines. And speaking of disciplinarity, there’s a whole set of issues having to do with discussions “outside of someone’s area of expertise.” On one side, comments made by academics about issues outside of their individual areas of expertise can be very tricky and can occasionally contribute to core misunderstandings. The fear of “talking through one’s hat” is quite significant, in no small part because a scholar’s prestige and esteem may greatly decrease as a result of some blatantly inaccurate statements (although some award-winning scholars seem not to be overly impacted by such issues). On the other side, scholars who have to impart expert knowledge to people outside of their discipline often have to “water down” or “boil down” their ideas and, in effect, oversimplifying these issues and concepts. Partly because of status (prestige and esteem), lowering standards is also very tricky. In some ways, this second situation may be more interesting. And it seems unavoidable. How can you prevent misunderstandings when people may not have the necessary background to understand what you’re saying? This question may reveal a rather specific attitude: “it’s their fault if they don’t understand.” Such an attitude may even be widespread. Seems to me, it’s not rare to hear someone gloating about other people “getting it wrong,” with the suggestion that “we got it right.” As part of negotiations surrounding expert status, such an attitude could even be a pretty rational approach. If you’re trying to position yourself as an expert and don’t suffer from an “impostor syndrome,” you can easily get the impression that non-specialists have it all wrong and that only experts like you can get to the truth. Yes, I’m being somewhat sarcastic and caricatural, here. Academics aren’t frequently that dismissive of other people’s difficulties understanding what seem like simple concepts. But, in the gap between academics and the general population a special type of intellectual snobbery can sometimes be found. Obviously, I have a lot more to say about misunderstood academics. For instance, I wanted to address specific issues related to each of the links above. I also had pet peeves about widespread use of concepts and issues like “communities” and “Eskimo words for snow” about which I sometimes need to vent. And I originally wanted this post to be about “cultural awareness,” which ends up being a core aspect of my work. I even had what I might consider a “neat” bit about public opinion. Not to mention my whole discussion of academic obfuscation (remind me about “we-ness and distinction”). But this is probably long enough and the timing is right for me to do something else. I’ll end with an unverified anecdote that I like. This anecdote speaks to snobbery toward academics. [It’s one of those anecdotes which was mentioned in a course I took a long time ago. Even if it’s completely fallacious, it’s still inspiring, like a tale, cautionary or otherwise.] As the story goes (at least, what I remember of it), some ethnographers had been doing fieldwork in an Australian cultural context and were focusing their research on a complex kinship system known in this context. Through collaboration with “key informants,” the ethnographers eventually succeeded in understanding some key aspects of this kinship system. As should be expected, these kinship-focused ethnographers wrote accounts of this kinship system at the end of their field research and became known as specialists of this system. After a while, the fieldworkers went back to the field and met with the same people who had described this kinship system during the initial field trip. Through these discussions with their “key informants,” the ethnographers end up hearing about a radically different kinship system from the one about which they had learnt, written, and taught. The local informants then told the ethnographers: “We would have told you earlier about this but we didn’t think you were able to understand it.” 45.559231 -73.687999 Advertisement Author enkerliPosted on August 11, 2010 August 11, 2010 Categories A, Academia, academics, Anthropology, applied anthropology, arrogance, audience, comment-fishing, Communities, cultural anthropology, cultural awareness, ethnocentrism, Ethnography, ethnomusicology, expertise, informal learning, intellectualism, intellectuals, interdisciplinarity, ivory tower, knowledge, knowledge management, language, language sciences, linguistic anthropology, linkfest, mass media, mindshare, Placeholders, podcasts, professionals, public, ramblings, readership, respect, responsiveness, scholarship, science, sciences, shameless plug, soapbox, sociocentrism, sophistication, specialists, specialization, stereotypes, teaching and learning, textbooks, trusting peopleTags academic disciplines, academic figures, academic obfuscation, Alexa Offenhauer, anecdotes, anthropologists, areas of expertise, Austin Hill, banned books, being taken seriously, Benjamin Lee Whorf, boiling-down, Bourdieu, Bruno Nettl, cautionary tales, censorphips, common knowledge, Dan Levitin, Darwin, de Man, disinformation, dismissiveness, distinction, Edward Sapir, Einstein, esteem, ethnographers, fieldworkers, fighting ignorance, Freud, Germaine Dieterlen, gift economies, Heidegger, Hugh McGuire, impostor syndrome, intersubjectivity in ethnography, James Watson, Johannes Fabian, key informants, kinship systems, Language Log, LingAnth, linguists, linktrail, Loose Leaf Writing, lowering standards, Malcolm Gladwell, Marcel Mauss, Marcia Herndon, Mark Zuckerberg, Marx, mathematicians, mathematics, misinformation, misunderstandings, Newton, Nietzsche, non-academics, NPR, onedownmanship, oversimplification, pet peeves, pop psych, pop psychology, popular psychology, popularizers, potlatch, prestige, psychologists, Regna Darnell, Rousseau, sacred cows, Savage Minds, Schutz, self-righteousness, snobbery, Society for Linguistic Anthropology, Socrates, status, sullied names, survey courses, talking through one's hat, upper-level courses, useful fallacies, watered-down, we-ness5 Comments on Academics and Their Publics Jazz and Identity: Comment on Lydon’s Iyer Interview My reactions to @RadioOpenSource interview with Vijay Iyer. Radio Open Source » Blog Archive » Vijay Iyer’s Life in Music: “Striving is the Back Story…”. Sounds like it will be a while before the United States becomes a truly post-racial society. Iyer can define himself as American and he can even one-up other US citizens in Americanness, but he’s still defined by his having “a Brahmin Indian name and heritage, and a Yale degree in physics.” Something by which I was taken aback, at IU Bloomington ten years ago, is the fact that those who were considered to be “of color” (as if colour were the factor!) were expected to mostly talk about their “race” whereas those who were considered “white” were expected to remain silent when notions of “race” and ethnicity came up for discussion. Granted, ethnicity and “race” were frequently discussed, so it was possible to hear the voices of those “of color” on a semi-regular basis. Still, part of my culture shock while living in the MidWest was the conspicuous silence of students with brilliant ideas who happened to be considered African-American. Something similar happened with gender, on occasion, in that women were strongly encouraged to speak out…when a gender angle was needed. Thankfully, some of these women (at least, among those whose “racial” identity was perceived as neutral) did speak up, regardless of topic. But there was still an expectation that when they did, their perspective was intimately gendered. Of course, some gender lines were blurred: the gender ratio among faculty members was relatively balanced (probably more women than men), the chair of the department was a woman for a time, and one department secretary was a man. But women’s behaviours were frequently interpreted in a gender-specific way, while men were often treated as almost genderless. Male privilege manifested itself in the fact that it was apparently difficult for women not to be gender-conscious. Those of us who were “international students” had the possibility to decide when our identities were germane to the discussion. At least, I was able to push my «différence» when I so pleased, often by becoming the token Francophone in discussions about Francophone scholars, yet being able not to play the “Frenchie card” when I didn’t find it necessary. At the same time, my behaviour may have been deemed brash and a fellow student teased me by calling me “Mr. Snottyhead.” As an instructor later told me, “it’s just that, since you’re Canadian, we didn’t expect you to be so different.” (My response: “I know some Canadians who would despise that comment. But since I’m Québécois, it doesn’t matter.”) This was in reference to a seminar with twenty students, including seven “internationals”: one Zimbabwean, one Swiss-German, two Koreans, one Japanese, one Kenyan, and one “Québécois of Swiss heritage.” In this same graduate seminar, the instructor expected everyone to know of Johnny Appleseed and of John Denver. Again, a culture shock. Especially for someone coming from a context in which the ethnic identity of the majority is frequently discussed and in which cultural identity is often “achieved” instead of being ascribed. This isn’t to say that Quebec society is devoid of similar issues. Everybody knows, Quebec has more than its fair share of identity-based problems. The fact of the matter is, Quebec society is entangled in all sorts of complex identity issues, and for many of those, Quebec may appear underprepared. The point is precisely that, in Quebec, identity politics is a matter for everyone. Nobody has the luxury to treat their identity as “neutral.” Going back to Iyer… It’s remarkable that his thoughtful comments on Jazz end up associated more with his background than with his overall approach. As if what he had to say were of a different kind than those from Roy Hayes or Robin Kelley. As if Iyer had more in common with Koo Nimo than with, say, Sonny Rollins. Given Lydon’s journalistic background, it’s probably significant that the Iyer conversation carried the “Life in Music” name of the show’s music biography series yet got “filed under” the show’s “Year of India” series. I kid you not. And this is what we hear at the end of each episode’s intro: This is Open Source, from the Watson Institute at Brown University. An American conversation with Global attitude, we call it. Guess the “American” part was taken by Jazz itself, so Iyer was assigned the “Global” one. Kind of wishing the roles were reversed, though Iyer had rehearsed his part. But enough symbolic interactionism. For now. During Lydon’s interview with Iyer, I kept being reminded of a conversation (in Brookline) with fellow Canadian-ethnomusicologist-and-Jazz-musician Tanya Kalmanovitch. Kalmanovitch had fantastic insight to share on identity politics at play through the international (yet not post-national) Jazz scene. In fact, methinks she’d make a great Open Source guest. She lives in Brooklyn but works as assistant chair of contemporary improv at NEC, in B-Town, so Lydon could probably meet her locally. Anyhoo… In some ways, Jazz is more racialized and ethnicized now than it was when Howie Becker published Outsiders. (hey, I did hint symbolic interactionism’d be back!). It’s also very national, gendered, compartmentalized… In a word: modern. Of course, Jazz (or something like it) shall play a role in postmodernity. But only if it sheds itself of its modernist trappings. We should hear out Kevin Mahogany’s (swung) comments about a popular misconception: Some cats work from nine to five Change their life for line of jive Never had foresight to see Where the changes had to be Thought that they had heard the word Thought it all died after Bird But we’re still swingin’ The following anecdote seems à propos. Branford Marsalis quartet on stage outside at the Indy Jazz Fest 1999. Some dude in the audience starts heckling the band: “Play something we know!” Marsalis, not losing his cool, engaged the heckler in a conversation on Jazz history, pushing the envelope, playing the way you want to play, and expected behaviour during shows. Though the audience sounded divided when Marsalis advised the heckler to go to Chaka Khan‘s show on the next stage over, if that was more to the heckler’s liking, there wasn’t a major shift in the crowd and, hopefully, most people understood how respectful Marsalis’s comments really were. What was especially precious is when Marsalis asked the heckler: “We’re cool, man?” It’s nothing personal. Author enkerliPosted on June 27, 2010 Categories aesthetics, arrogance, audience, blog comments, bloggers, Blogging, Christopher Lydon, Clueing, comment-fishing, commenting, critical thinking, cultural identity, Empowerment, ethics, ethnocentrism, Francophones, freedom, friendliness, globalisation, globalization, identity, Indiana, intellectuals, journalism, local, music, music scenes, naïveté, nationalism, new media, opinions, Orientalism, podcasts, politics, Québec, race, radio, Radio Open Source, ramblings, rants, respect, responsiveness, shameless plug, social mobility, sociocentrism, stereotypes, U.S. exceptionalism, U.S. media, United StatesTags achieved identities, Americanness, anecdotes, ascribed identities, Branford Marsalis, Brown University, Chaka Khan, citizenry, conflict theory, culture shock, dramaturgical approach, Erving Goffman, ethnicity, gender, gender consciousness, global attitude, hecklers, Howard Becker, identity negotiation, identity politics, Indy Jazz Fest, Keep Jazz Alive, Kevin Mahogany, Koo Nimo, Life in Music, male privilege, MidWest, negotiated identities, New England, New England Conservatory, Northeastern United States, of color, Outsiders, reasonable accommodation crisis, Robin Kelley, snark, Sociology, Still Swingin', symbolic interactionism, Tanya Kalmanovitch, Vijay Iyer, Watson Institute, Year of IndiaLeave a comment on Jazz and Identity: Comment on Lydon’s Iyer Interview Development and Quality: Reply to Agile Diary Getting on the soapbox about developers. Former WiZiQ product manager Vikrama Dhiman responded to one of my tweets with a full-blown blogpost, thereby giving support to Matt Mullenweg‘s point that microblogging goes hand-in-hand with “macroblogging.” My tweet: enjoys draft æsthetics yet wishes more developers would release stable products. / adopte certains produits trop rapidement. Vikrama’s post: Good Enough Software Does Not Mean Bad Software « Agile Diary, Agile Introduction, Agile Implementation. My reply: “To an engineer, good enough means perfect. With an artist, there’s no such thing as perfect.” (Alexander Calder) Thanks a lot for your kind comments. I’m very happy that my tweet (and status update) triggered this. A bit of context for my tweet (actually, a post from Ping.fm, meant as a status update, thereby giving support in favour of conscious duplication, «n’en déplaise aux partisans de l’action contre la duplication».) I’ve been thinking about what I call the “draft æsthetics.” In fact, I did a podcast episode about it. My description of that episode was: Sometimes, there is such a thing as “Good Enough.” Though I didn’t emphasize the “sometimes” part in that podcast episode, it was an important part of what I wanted to say. In fact, my intention wasn’t to defend draft æsthetics but to note that there seems to be a tendency toward this æsthetic mode. I do situate myself within that mode in many things I do, but it really doesn’t mean that this mode should be the exclusive one used in any context. That aforequoted tweet was thus a response to my podcast episode on draft æsthetics. “Yes, ‘good enough’ may work, sometimes. But it needs not be applied in all cases.” As I often get into convoluted discussions with people who seem to think that I condone or defend a position because I take it for myself, the main thing I’d say there is that I’m not only a relativist but I cherish nuance. In other words, my tweet was a way to qualify the core statement I was talking about in my podcast episode (that “good enough” exists, at times). And that statement isn’t necessarily my own. I notice a pattern by which this statement seems to be held as accurate by people. I share that opinion, but it’s not a strongly held belief of mine. Of course, I digress… So, the tweet which motivated Vikrama had to do with my approach to “good enough.” In this case, I tend to think about writing but in view of Eric S. Raymond’s approach to “Release Early, Release Often” (RERO). So there is a connection to software development and geek culture. But I think of “good enough” in a broader sense. Disclaimer: I am not a coder. The Calder quote remained in my head, after it was mentioned by a colleague who had read it in a local newspaper. One reason it struck me is that I spend some time thinking about artists and engineers, especially in social terms. I spend some time hanging out with engineers but I tend to be more on the “artist” side of what I perceive to be an axis of attitudes found in some social contexts. I do get a fair deal of flack for some of my comments on this characterization and it should be clear that it isn’t meant to imply any evaluation of individuals. But, as a model, the artist and engineer distinction seems to work, for me. In a way, it seems more useful than the distinction between science and art. An engineer friend with whom I discussed this kind of distinction was quick to point out that, to him, there’s no such thing as “good enough.” He was also quick to point out that engineers can be creative and so on. But the point isn’t to exclude engineers from artistic endeavours. It’s to describe differences in modes of thought, ways of knowing, approaches to reality. And the way these are perceived socially. We could do a simple exercise with terms like “troubleshooting” and “emotional” to be assigned to the two broad categories of “engineer” and “artist.” Chances are that clear patterns would emerge. Of course, many concepts are as important to both sides (“intelligence,” “innovation”…) and they may also be telling. But dichotomies have heuristic value. Now, to go back to software development, the focus in Vikrama’s Agile Diary post… What pushed me to post my status update and tweet is in fact related to software development. Contrary to what Vikrama presumes, it wasn’t about a Web application. And it wasn’t even about a single thing. But it did have to do with firmware development and with software documentation. The first case is that of my Fonera 2.0n router. Bought it in early November and I wasn’t able to connect to its private signal using my iPod touch. I could connect to the router using the public signal, but that required frequent authentication, as annoying as with ISF. Since my iPod touch is my main WiFi device, this issue made my Fonera 2.0n experience rather frustrating. Of course, I’ve been contacting Fon‘s tech support. As is often the case, that experience was itself quite frustrating. I was told to reset my touch’s network settings which forced me to reauthenticate my touch on a number of networks I access regularly and only solved the problem temporarily. The same tech support person (or, at least, somebody using the same name) had me repeat the same description several times in the same email message. Perhaps unsurprisingly, I was also told to use third-party software which had nothing to do with my issue. All in all, your typical tech support experience. But my tweet wasn’t really about tech support. It was about the product. Thougb I find the overall concept behind the Fonera 2.0n router very interesting, its implementation seems to me to be lacking. In fact, it reminds me of several FLOSS development projects that I’ve been observing and, to an extent, benefitting from. This is rapidly transforming into a rant I’ve had in my “to blog” list for a while about “thinking outside the geek box.” I’ll try to resist the temptation, for now. But I can mention a blog thread which has been on my mind, in terms of this issue. Firefox 3 is Still a Memory Hog — The NeoSmart Files. The blogpost refers to a situation in which, according to at least some users (including the blogpost’s author), Firefox uses up more memory than it should and becomes difficult to use. The thread has several comments providing support to statements about the relatively poor performance of Firefox on people’s systems, but it also has “contributions” from an obvious troll, who keeps assigning the problem on the users’ side. The thing about this is that it’s representative of a tricky issue in the geek world, whereby developers and users are perceived as belonging to two sides of a type of “class struggle.” Within the geek niche, users are often dismissed as “lusers.” Tech support humour includes condescending jokes about “code 6”: “the problem is 6″ from the screen.” The aforementioned Eric S. Raymond wrote a rather popular guide to asking questions in geek circles which seems surprisingly unaware of social and cultural issues, especially from someone with an anthropological background. Following that guide, one should switch their mind to that of a very effective problem-solver (i.e., the engineer frame) to ask questions “the smart way.” Not only is the onus on users, but any failure to comply with these rules may be met with this air of intellectual superiority encoded in that guide. IOW, “Troubleshoot now, ask questions later.” Of course, many users are “guilty” of all sorts of “crimes” having to do with not reading the documentation which comes with the product or with simply not thinking about the issue with sufficient depth before contacting tech support. And as the majority of the population is on the “user” side, the situation can be described as both a form of marginalization (geek culture comes from “nerd” labels) and a matter of elitism (geek culture as self-absorbed). This does have something to do with my Fonera 2.0n. With it, I was caught in this dynamic whereby I had to switch to the “engineer frame” in order to solve my problem. I eventually did solve my Fonera authentication problem, using a workaround mentioned in a forum post about another issue (free registration required). Turns out, the “release candidate” version of my Fonera’s firmware does solve the issue. Of course, this new firmware may cause other forms of instability and installing it required a bit of digging. But it eventually worked. The point is that, as released, the Fonera 2.0n router is a geek toy. It’s unpolished in many ways. It’s full of promise in terms of what it may make possible, but it failed to deliver in terms of what a router should do (route a signal). In this case, I don’t consider it to be a finished product. It’s not necessarily “unstable” in the strict sense that a software engineer might use the term. In fact, I hesitated between different terms to use instead of “stable,” in that tweet, and I’m not that happy with my final choice. The Fonera 2.0n isn’t unstable. But it’s akin to an alpha version released as a finished product. That’s something we see a lot of, these days. The main other case which prompted me to send that tweet is “CivRev for iPhone,” a game that I’ve been playing on my iPod touch. I’ve played with different games in the Civ franchise and I even used the FLOSS version on occasion. Not only is “Civilization” a geek classic, but it does connect with some anthropological issues (usually in a problematic view: Civ’s worldview lacks anthro’s insight). And it’s the kind of game that I can easily play while listening to podcasts (I subscribe to a number of th0se). What’s wrong with that game? Actually, not much. I can’t even say that it’s unstable, unlike some other items in the App Store. But there’s a few things which aren’t optimal in terms of documentation. Not that it’s difficult to figure out how the game works. But the game is complex enough that some documentation is quite useful. Especially since it does change between one version of the game and another. Unfortunately, the online manual isn’t particularly helpful. Oh, sure, it probably contains all the information required. But it’s not available offline, isn’t optimized for the device it’s supposed to be used with, doesn’t contain proper links between sections, isn’t directly searchable, and isn’t particularly well-written. Not to mention that it seems to only be available in English even though the game itself is available in multiple languages (I play it in French). Nothing tragic, of course. But coupled with my Fonera experience, it contributed to both a slight sense of frustration and this whole reflection about unfinished products. Sure, it’s not much. But it’s “good enough” to get me started. 45.559231 -73.687999 Author enkerliPosted on December 17, 2009 December 17, 2009 Categories advocacy, aesthetics, amateurs, arrogance, art, audience, bloggers, blogosphere, blogs, cluefulness, Clueing, comment-fishing, creativity, cultural awareness, cultural capital, cultural diversity, customer service, development, development strategies, Digital Life, Empowerment, enthusiasm, ethnocentrism, experience, experimentation, expertise, free software, gadget freaks, geek crowd, geek culture, geekness, geeks, groupthink, hegemony, humor, humour, hype, innovation, intellectualism, intellectuals, ivory tower, linkfest, musings, naïve, naïveté, Open Source Movement, open-source, opinions, personal, Placeholders, product and process, productivity, professionals, ramblings, respect, responsiveness, satisfaction, soapbox, social dynamics, sociocentrism, software, sophistication, specialists, specialization, stereotypes, techno enthusiasts, trends, WordPress, WordPress.com, writingTags Acronyms, agile computing, Agile Diary, Alexander Calder, artists, Civ, Civilization (Game), Civilization Revolution, CivRev, class struggle, coders, creativity, developers, Dilbert, Dilbert moments, disclaimers, draft æsthetics, elitism, engineers, Eric S. Raymond, ESR, Facebook status, Firefox, firmware, fon.com, Fonera 2.0n, foneros, geek box, geek culture, geek niche, Good Enough, IANACoder, innovation, lusers, macroblogging, Matt Mullenweg, microblogging, nuance, problem-solving, quality control, RERO, software development, troubleshooting, troubleshooting approach, Twitter, users, Vikrama Dhiman, WiZiQ6 Comments on Development and Quality: Reply to Agile Diary Actively Reading: OLPC Critique Annotations on a critique of the OLPC project. Critical thinking has been on my mind, recently. For one thing, I oriented an “intro. to sociology” course I teach toward critical skills and methods. To me, it’s a very important part of university education, going much beyond media literacy. And media literacy is something about which I care a great deal. Seems to me that several journalists have been giving up on trying to help the general population increase and enhance their own media literacy skills. It’s almost as if they were claiming they’re the only ones who can reach a significant level of media literacy. Of course, many of them seem unable to have a critical approach to their own work. I’m with Bourdieu on this one. And I make my problem with journalism known. As a simple example, I couldn’t help but notice a number of problems with this CBC coverage of a new citizenship guidebook. My approach to this coverage is partly visible in short discussions I’ve had on Aardvark about bylines. A bit over a week ago, I heard about something interesting related to “making technology work,” on WTP (a technology podcast for PRI/BBC/Discovery The World, a bit like Search Engine from bigger media outlets). It was a special forum discussion related to issues broader than simply finding the right tool for the right task. In fact, it sounded like it could become a broad discussion of issues and challenges going way beyond the troubleshooting/problem-solving approach favoured by some technology enthusiasts. Given my ethnographic background, my interest in geek culture, and my passion for social media, I thought I’d give it a try. The first thing I noticed was a link to a critique of the OLPC project. I’ve personally been quite critical of that project, writing several blogposts about it. So I had to take a look. And although I find the critical stance of this piece relatively useful (there was way too much groupthink with the original coverage of the OLPC), I couldn’t help but use my critical sense as I was reading this piece. Which motivated me to do some Diigo annotations on it. For some reason, there are things that I wanted to highlight which aren’t working and I think I may have lost some annotations in the process. But the following is the result of a relatively simple reading of this piece. True to the draft aesthetics, I made no attempt to be thorough, clean, precise, or clear. http://www.miller-mccune.com/business_economics/computer-error-1390.print http://www.miller-mccune.com/business_economics/computer-error-1390.print appealing World Economic Forum 50 percent of staff were being laid off and a major restructuring was under way The dramatic version which sends the message: OLPC Inc. was in big trouble. (The fact that it’s allegedly a non-profit is relatively irrelevant.) the project seems nearly dead in the water A strong statement. Stronger than all those “beleaguered company” ones made about Apple in the mid90s before Jobs went back. And that may be great news for children in the developing world. Tadaa! Here’s the twist! The OLPC is dead, long live the Child! lobbied national governments and international agencies Right. The target was institutional. Kind of strange for a project which was billed as a way to get tools in the hands of individual children. And possibly one of the biggest downfalls of the project. Negroponte and other techno-luminati Oh, snap! It could sound relatively harmless an appellation. But the context and the piece’s tone make it sound like a rather deep insult. Innovate Ah, nice! Not “create” or “build.” But “innovate.” Which is something the project has been remarkably good at. It was able to achieve a number of engineering feats. Despite Negroponte’s repeated claims to the contrary, the OLPC project can be conceived as an engineering project. In fact, it’s probably the most efficient way to shed the most positive light on it. As an engineering project, it was rather successful. As an “education project” (as Negroponte kept calling it), it wasn’t that successful. In fact, it may have delayed a number of things which matter in terms of education. take control of their education Self-empowerment, at the individual level. In many ways, it sounds like a very Protestant ideal. And it’s clearly part of the neoliberal agenda (or the neoconservative one, actually). Yet it doesn’t sound strange at all. It sounds naturally good and pure. technology optimists Could be neutral in denotation but does connote a form of idealistic technological determinism. Child school attendance “Children who aren’t in school can’t be learning anything, right?” trending dramatically upward Fascinating choice of words. tens of millions of dollars highly respected center Formulas such as these are often a way to prevent any form of source criticism. Not sure Wikipedians would consider these “peacock terms,” but they don’t clearly represent a “neutral point of view.” they don’t seem to be learning much Nothing which can be measured with our tools, at least. Of course, nothing else matters. But still… international science exam Of course, these tend to be ideally suited for most learning contexts… There’s no question that improving education in the developing world is necessary. Although, there could be a question or two about this. Not politically expedient, perhaps. But still… powerful argument Tools in a rhetorical process. instinctive appeal Even the denotative sense is polarized. precious little evidence Switching to the “studies have shown” mode. In this mode, lack of proof is proof of lack, critical thinking is somewhat discouraged, and figures are significant by themselves. circumstantial evidence The jury isn’t out, on this one. co-founder of J-PA Did Esther co-write the article? Honest question. the technology didn’t work any better than a normal classroom teacher A very specific point. If the goal of tool use is to improve performance over “regular teaching,” it’s a particular view of technology. One which, itself, is going by the wayside. And which has been a large part of the OLPC worldview. the goal is improving education for children in the developing world, there are plenty of better, and cheaper, alternatives. A core belief, orienting the piece. Cost is central. The logic is one of “bang for the buck.” the teachers simply weren’t using the computers We’re touching on something, here. People have to actually use the computers for the “concept” to work. Funny that there’s rarely a lot of discussion on how that works. A specific version of “throwing money at a problem” is to “throw technology at” people. few experimental studies to show a positive impact from the use of computers Is the number of studies going one way or another the main issue, here? Can’t diverse studies look at different things and be understood as a way to describe a more complex reality than “technology is good and/or bad?” substituting computers for teachers Still oriented toward the “time to task” approach. But that’s good enough for cognitive science, which tends to be favourably viewed in educational fields. supplement Kept thinking about the well-known Hawthorne effect. In this case, the very idea that providing students with supplementary “care” can be seen as an obvious approach which is most often discussed in the field instead of at the higher levels of decision-making. The OLPC concept has been pioneered in a number of school districts in the United States over the last decade From a 2005 project targeting “countries with inconsistent power grids,” we get to a relatively long series of initiatives in individual school districts in the USofA since last century. Telescoping geographical and temporal scales. And, more importantly, assigning the exact same “concept” to diverse projects. Negroponte has explicitly derided Not the only thing Negroponte derides. He’s been a professional derider for a while, now. Negroponte’s personality is part of the subtext of any OLPC-related piece. It’d be interesting to analyse him in view of the “mercurial CEO” type which fascinates a number of people. It must be said Acknowledging the fact that there is more to the situation than what this piece is pushing. academic In this context, “academic” can have a variety of connotations, many of which are relatively negative. teachers limited access to the computers Typically, teachers have relatively little control in terms of students’ access to computers so it sounds likely that the phrase should have read “had limited access.” But, then again, maybe teachers in Hollow’s research were in fact limiting access to computers, which would be a very interesting point to bring and discuss. In fact, part of what is missing in many of those pieces about technology and learning is what access really implies. Typically, most discussions on the subject have to do with time spent alone with such a tool, hence the “one…per child” part of the OLPC approach. But it’s hard to tell if there has been any thought about the benefits of group access to tools or limited access to such tools. To go even further, there’s a broad critique of the OLPC approach, left unaddressed in this piece, about the emphasis on individual ownership of tools. In the US, it’s usually not ok for neighbours to ask about using others’ lawnmowers and ladders. It’s unsurprising that pushing individual ownership would seem logical to those who design projects from the US. had not been adequately trained In the OLPC context, it has been made as a case for the dark side of constructionism. The OLPC project might have been a learning project, but it wasn’t a teaching one. Some explicit comments from project members were doing little to dispel the notion that constructivism isn’t about getting rid of teachers. Even documentation for the OLPC XO contained precious little which could help teachers. Teachers weren’t the target audience. Children and governments were. not silver bullets Acknowledging, in an oblique way, that the situation is more complex. surveys of students With a clear Hawthorne effect. parents rolling their eyes Interesting appeal to parenting experience. Even more than teachers, they’re absent from many of these projects. Not a new pattern. Literacy projects often forget parents and the implications in terms of a generation gap. But what is perhaps more striking is that parents are also invisible in coverage of many of these issues. Contrary to “our” children, children in “those poor countries over there” are “ours to care for,” through development projects, adoptions, future immigration, etc. evaluation of an OLPC project in Haiti Sounds more like a pilot project than like field research. But maybe it’s more insightful. Repeated calls and e-mails to OLPC and Negroponte seeking comment on OLPC did not receive a response Such statements are “standard procedure” for journalists. But what is striking about this one is where it’s placed in the piece. Not only is it near the end of the argumentation but it’s in a series of comments about alternative views on the OLPC project. Whether or not it was done on purpose, the effect that we get is that there are two main voices, pro and con. Those on the con side can only have arguments in the same line of thought (about the project’s cost and “efficacy,” with possible comments about management). Those on the pro side are put in a defensive position. In such cases, responsiveness is often key. Though Negroponte has been an effective marketer of his pet project, the fact that he explicitly refuses to respond to criticisms and critiques makes for an even more constrained offense/defense game. ironic Strong words, in such a context. Because it’s not the situation which is ironic. It’s a lack of action in a very specific domain. the Third World Interesting that the antiquated “Third World” expression comes in two contexts: the alleged target of the OLPC project (with little discussion as to what was meant by that relationship) and as the J-PAL field of expertise. a leader in Peacock terms or J-PAL are on the Miller-McCune lovelist? There are This is where the piece switches. We’re not talking about the OLPC, anymore. We reduce OLPC to a single goal, which has allegedly not been met, and propose that there are better ways to achieve this goal. Easy and efficient technique, but there still seems to be something missing. etting children in developing countries into school and helping them learn more while they are there A more specific goal than it might seem, at first blush. For a very simple example: how about homeschooling? proven successful “We have proof!” cheap One might have expected “inexpensive,” here, instead of “cheap.” But, still, the emphasis is on cost. deworming Sounds a little bit surprising a switch from computer tech to public health. 50 cents per child per year $4 per student per year 30 percent increase in lifetime earnings technology-based approaches to improving student learning in the developing world Coming back to technology, to an extent, but almost in passing. Technology, here, can still be a saviour. The issue would be to find the key technology to solve that one problem (student learning in the developing world needs calls for improvement). Rather limited in scope, depth, insight. show more promise than one laptop per child Perhaps the comment most directly related to opinions. “Showing promise” is closer to “instinctive appeal” but, in this case, it’s a positive. We don’t need to apply critical thinking to something which shows promise. It’s undeniably good. Right? the J-PAL co-founder There we are! $2.20 Remedial education A study in Kenya Reference needed. it didn’t matter Sounds like a bold statement, as it’s not expressly linked to the scope of the study. It probably did matter. Just not in terms of what was measured. Mattering has to do with significance in general, not just with statistical significance. expensive Cost/benefits are apparently the only two “factors” to consider. quarter of the cost cheaper $2 per month $3 per month 45.559231 -73.687999 Author enkerliPosted on November 16, 2009 April 18, 2010 Categories Actively Reading, audience, comment-fishing, critical thinking, groupthink, journalism, linkfest, OLPC, One Laptop Per Child, Placeholders, quickies, ramblings, shameless plugTags BBC, CBC, citizenship, critical thinking skills, Discovery, draft aesthetics, Kenney, media literacy, media outlets, Nicholas Negroponte, PRI, PRI's The World, The World's Technology Podcast, TVOLeave a comment on Actively Reading: OLPC Critique Présence féminine et culture geek (Journée Ada Lovelace) #ald09 Ma contribution pour la Journée Ada Lovelace (#ald09): les femmes, la culture geek et le média social. En 2009, la journée de la femme a été hypothéquée d’une heure, dans certaines contrées qui sont passées à l’heure d’été le 8 mars. Pourtant, plus que jamais, c’est aux femmes que nous devrions accorder plus de place. Cette Journée internationale en l’honneur d’Ada Lovelace et des femmes dans les domaines technologiques est une excellente occasion pour discuter de l’importance de la présence féminine pour la pérennité sociale. Pour un féministe mâle, le fait de parler de condition féminine peut poser certains défis. Qui suis-je, pour parler des femmes? De quel droit pourrais-je m’approprier de la parole qui devrait, selon moi, être accordée aux femmes? Mes propos ne sont-ils pas teintés de biais? C’est donc d’avantage en tant qu’observateur de ce que j’ai tendance à appeler la «culture geek» (voire la «niche geek» ou la «foule geek») que je parle de cette présence féminine. Au risque de tomber dans le panneau du stéréotype, j’oserais dire qu’une présence accrue des femmes en milieu geek peut avoir des impacts intéressants en fonction de certains rôles impartis aux femmes dans diverses sociétés liées à la culture geek. En d’autres termes, j’aimerais célébrer le pouvoir féminin, bien plus fondamntal que la «force» masculine. Je fais en cela référence à des notions sur les femmes et les hommes qui m’ont été révélées au cours de mes recherches sur les confréries de chasseurs, au Mali. En apparence exclusivement mâles, les confréries de chasseurs en Afrique de l’ouest accordent une place prépondérante à la féminité. Comme le dit le proverbe, «nous sommes tous dans les bras de nos mères» (bèè y’i ba bolo). Si le père, notre premier rival (i fa y’i faden folo de ye), peut nous donner la force physique, c’est la mère qui nous donne la puissance, le vrai pouvoir. Loin de moi l’idée d’assigner aux femmes un pouvoir qui ne viendrait que de leur capacité à donner naissance. Ce n’est pas uniquement en tant que mère que la femme se doit d’être respectée. Bien au contraire, les divers rôles des femmes ont tous à être célébrés. Ce qui donne à la maternité une telle importance, d’un point de vue masculin, c’est son universalité: un homme peut ne pas avoir de sœur, d’épouse ou de fille, il peut même ne pas connaître l’identité précise de son père, il a au minimum eu un contact avec sa mère, de la conception à la naissance. C’est souvent par référence à la maternité que les hommes conçoivent le respect le plus inconditionnel pour la femme. Et l’image maternelle ne doit pas être négligée, même si elle est souvent stéréotypée. Même si le terme «materner» a des connotations péjoratives, il fait appel à un soi adapté et sans motif spécifique. La culture geek a-t-elle besoin de soins maternels? Une étude récente s’est penchée sur la dimension hormonale des activités des courtiers de Wall Street, surtout en ce qui a trait à la prise de risques. Selon cette étude (décrite dans une baladodiffusion de vulgarisation scientifique), il y aurait un lien entre certains taux d’hormones et un comportement fondé sur le profit à court terme. Ces hormones sont surtout présentes chez de jeunes hommes, qui constituent la majorité de ce groupe professionnel. Si les résultats de cette étude sont valables, un groupe plus diversifié de courtiers, au niveau du sexe et de l’âge, risque d’être plus prudent qu’un groupe dominé par de jeunes hommes. Malgré d’énormes différences dans le détail, la culture geek a quelques ressemblances avec la composition de Wall Street, du moins au point de vue hormonal. Si l’appât du gain y est moins saillant que sur le plancher de la Bourse, la culture geek accorde une très large place au culte méritocratique de la compétition et à l’image de l’individu brillant et tout-puissant. La prise de risques n’est pas une caractéristique très visible de la culture geek, mais l’approche «résolution de problèmes» (“troubleshooting”) évoque la décision hâtive plutôt que la réflexion approfondie. Le rôle du dialogue équitable et respectueux, sans en être évacué, n’y est que rarement mis en valeur. La culture geek est «internationale», en ce sens qu’elle trouve sa place dans divers lieux du Globe (généralement définis avec une certaine précision en cebuees névralgiques comme la Silicon Valley). Elle est pourtant loin d’être représentative de la diversité humaine. La proportion bien trop basse de femmes liées à la culture geek est une marque importante de ce manque de diversité. Un groupe moins homogène rendrait plus prégnante la notion de coopération et, avec elle, un plus grand soucis de la dignité humaine. Après tout, le vrai humanisme est autant philogyne que philanthrope. Un principe similaire est énoncé dans le cadre des soins médicaux. Sans être assignées à des tâches spécifiques, associées à leur sexe, la présence de certaines femmes-médecins semble améliorer certains aspects du travail médical. Il y a peut-être un stéréotype implicite dans tout ça et les femmes du secteur médical ne sont probablement pas traitées d’une bien meilleure façon que les femmes d’autres secteurs d’activité. Pourtant, au-delà du stéréotype, l’association entre féminité et relation d’aide semble se maintenir dans l’esprit des membres de certaines sociétés et peut être utilisée pour rendre la médecine plus «humaine», tant dans la diversité que dans cette notion d’empathie raisonnée, évoquée par l’humanisme. Je ne peux m’empêcher de penser à cette remarquable expérience, il y a quelques années déjà, de participer à un colloque académique à forte présence féminine. En plus d’une proportion élevée de femmes, ce colloque sur la nourriture et la culture donnait la part belle à l’image de la mère nourricière, à l’influence fondamentale de la sphère donestique sur la vie sociale. Bien que mâle, je m’y suis senti à mon aise et je garde de ces quelques jours l’idée qu’un monde un tant soit peu féminisé pouvait avoir des effets intéressants, d’un point de vue social. Un groupe accordant un réel respect à la condition féminine peut être associé à une ambiance empreinte de «soin», une atmosphère “nurturing”. Le milieu geek peut être très agréable, à divers niveaux, mais la notion de «soin», l’empathie, voire même l’humanisme n’en sont pas des caractéristiques très évidentes. Un monde geek accordant plus d’importance à la présence des femmes serait peut-être plus humain que ce qu’un portrait global de la culture geek semble présager. Et n’est-ce pas ce qui s’est passé? Le ‘Net s’est partiellement féminisé au cours des dix dernières années et l’émergence du média social est intimement lié à cette transformation «démographique». D’aucuns parlent de «démocratisation» d’Internet, usant d’un champ lexical associé au journalisme et à la notion d’État-Nation. Bien qu’il s’agisse de parler d’accès plus uniforme aux moyens technologiques, la source de ce discours se situe dans une vision spécifique de la structure social. Un relent de la Révolution Industrielle, peut-être? Le ‘Net étant construit au-delà des frontières politiques, cette vision du monde semble peu appropriée à la communication mondialisée. D’ailleurs, qu’entend-on vraiment par «démocratisation» d’Internet? La participation active de personnes diversifiées aux processus décisionnels qui créent continuellement le ‘Net? La simple juxtaposition de personnes provenant de milieux socio-économiques distincts? La possibilité pour la majorité de la planète d’utiliser certains outils dans le but d’obtenir ces avantages auxquels elle a droit, par prérogative statistique? Si c’est le cas, il en reviendrait aux femmes, majoritaires sur le Globe, de décider du sort du ‘Net. Pourtant, ce sont surtout des hommes qui dominent le ‘Net. Le contrôle exercé par les hommes semble indirect mais il n’en est pas moins réel. Cet état des choses a tendance à changer. Bien qu’elles ne soient toujours pas dominantes, les femmes sont de plus en plus présentes, en-ligne. Certaines recherches statistiques semblent d’ailleurs leur assigner la majorité dans certaines sphères d’activité en-ligne. Mais mon approche est holistique et qualitative, plutôt que statistique et déterministe. C’est plutôt au sujet des rôles joués par les femmes que je pense. Si certains de ces rôles semblent sortir en ligne direct du stéréotype d’inégalité sexuelle du milieu du XXè siècle, c’est aussi en reconnaissant l’emprise du passé que nous pouvons comprendre certaines dimensions de notre présent. Les choses ont changé, soit. La conscience de ce changement informe certains de nos actes. Peu d’entre nous ont complètement mis de côté cette notion que notre «passé à tous» était patriarcal et misogyne. Et cette notion conserve sa signifiance dans nos gestes quotidiens puisque nous nous comparons à un modèle précis, lié à la domination et à la lutte des classes. Au risque, encore une fois, de faire appel à des stéréotypes, j’aimerais parler d’une tendance que je trouve fascinante, dans le comportement de certaines femmes au sein du média social. Les blogueuses, par exemple, ont souvent réussi à bâtir des communautés de lectrices fidèles, des petits groupes d’amies qui partagent leurs vies en public. Au lieu de favoriser le plus grand nombre de visites, plusieurs femmes ont fondé leurs activités sur la blogosphère sur des groupes relativement restreints mais très actifs. D’ailleurs, certains blogues de femmes sont l’objet de longues discussions continues, liant les billets les uns aux autres et, même, dépassant le cadre du blogue. À ce sujet, je fonde certaines de mes idées sur quelques études du phénomène de blogue, parues il y a déjà plusieurs années (et qu’il me serait difficile de localiser en ce moment) et sur certaines observations au sein de certaines «scènes geeks» comme Yulblog. Lors de certains événements mettant en contacts de nombreuses blogueuses, certaines d’entre elles semblaient préférer demeurer en groupe restreint pour une part importante de la durée de l’événement que de multiplier les nouveaux contacts. Il ne s’agit pas ici d’une restriction, certaines femmes sont mieux à même de provoquer l’«effet du papillon social» que la plupart des hommes. Mais il y a une force tranquille dans ces petits regroupements de femmes, qui fondent leur participation à la blogosphère sur des contacts directs et forts plutôt que sur la «pêche au filet». C’est souvent par de très petits groupes très soudés que les changements sociaux se produisent et, des “quilting bees” aux blogues de groupes de femmes, il y a une puissance ignorée. Il serait probablement abusif de dire que c’est la présence féminine qui a provoqué l’éclosion du média social au cours des dix dernières années. Mais la présence des femmes est liée au fait que le ‘Net ait pu dépasser la «niche geek». Le domaine de ce que certains appellent le «Web 2.0» (ou la sixième culture d’Internet) n’est peut-être pas plus démocratique que le ‘Net du début des années 1990. Mais il est clairement moins exclusif et plus accueillant. Comme ma tendre moitié l’a lu sur la devanture d’une taverne: «Bienvenue aux dames!» Les billets publiés en l’honneur de la Journée Ada Lovelace devaient, semble-t-il, se pencher sur des femmes spécifiques, œuvrant dans des domaines technologiques. J’ai préféré «réfléchir à plume haute» au sujet de quelques éléments qui me trottaient dans la tête. Il serait toutefois de bon ton pour moi de mentionner des noms et de ne pas consigner ce billet à une observation purement macroscopique et impersonnelle. Étant peu porté sur l’individualisme, je préfère citer plusieurs femmes, plutôt que de me concentrer sur une d’entre elles. D’autant plus que la femme à laquelle je pense avec le plus d’intensité dit désirer garder une certaine discrétion et, même si elle blogue depuis bien plus longtemps que moi et qu’elle sait très bien se débrouiller avec les outils en question, elle prétend ne pas être associée à la technologie. J’ai donc décidé de procéder à une simple énumération (alphabétique, j’aime pas les rangs) de quelques femmes dont j’apprécie le travail et qui ont une présence Internet facilement identifiable. Certaines d’entre elles sont très proches de moi. D’autres planent au-dessus de milieux auxquels je suis lié. D’autres encore sont des présences discrètes ou fortes dans un quelconque domaine que j’associe à la culture geek et/ou au média social. Évidemment, j’en oublie des tonnes. Mais c’est un début. Continuons le combat! 😉 Aleijna Brugos Anik Lachance AT Wyatt Aurora Flewweling-Skup Caroline Allard Caroline Fontaine Cécile Gladel Christine Prefontaine Connie Reece Debbie Cerda Debbie Rouleau Diana Martin Elizabeth Hunt Elizabeth Losh Erin MacLeod Geeta Nadkarni Helen Faradji Hélène Recule Isabelle Lopez Jean Crawford Jen Cardew Kersey Jenny Cool Jess Laccetti Kim Vallée Kumiko Vézina Kyra Gaunt Leila Monaghan Mademoiselle Klektik Maria Briceno Maria Ljungdahl Marie-Chantale Turgeon Martine Pagé Meri Walker Michelle Blanc Michelle Greer Michelle Sullivan Mireille Caissy Muriel Ide Nadia Seraiocco Nathalie Bergeron Nellie Deutsch Nicole Hansen Oza Meilleur Panthère Rousse Patricia Tessier Renée Wathelet Sarine Makdessian Shirley-Carol Landry Vali Fugulin Vanessa (Vanou) Véronique Boisjoly Author enkerliPosted on March 24, 2009 June 3, 2009 Categories academic conferences, advocacy, amis, Années Lumière, audience, bloggers, Blogging, bloguage, blogues, cluefulness, comment-fishing, community-building, connaissances (acquaintances), creativity, critical thinking, culture, diversité, food and culture, français, friendliness, friends, geek crowd, geek culture, geeks, gender, globalisation, globalization, hegemony, humanism, journalisme, lectorat, linkfest, naïveté, Nation-States, nationalism, new media, online communication, online communities, participatory culture, partnership, Places, plogue, praises, réseaux sociaux, readership, respect, Scientific American, social butterfly effect, social capital, social change, social contract, social dynamics, social mobility, social networking, stereotypes, Tech, technology, voice, wishful thinking13 Comments on Présence féminine et culture geek (Journée Ada Lovelace) #ald09 Social Networks and Microblogging Event-based microblogging and the social dimensions of online social networks. Microblogging (Laconica, Twitter, etc.) is still a hot topic. For instance, during the past few episodes of This Week in Tech, comments were made about the preponderance of Twitter as a discussion theme: microblogging is so prominent on that show that some people complain that there’s too much talk about Twitter. Given the centrality of Leo Laporte’s podcast in geek culture (among Anglos, at least), such comments are significant. The context for the latest comments about TWiT coverage of Twitter had to do with Twitter’s financials: during this financial crisis, Twitter is given funding without even asking for it. While it may seem surprising at first, given the fact that Twitter hasn’t publicized a business plan and doesn’t appear to be profitable at this time, Along with social networking, microblogging is even discussed in mainstream media. For instance, Médialogues (a media critique on Swiss national radio) recently had a segment about both Facebook and Twitter. Just yesterday, Comedy Central’s The Daily Show with Jon Stewart made fun of compulsive twittering and mainstream media coverage of Twitter (original, Canadian access). Clearly, microblogging is getting some mindshare. What the future holds for microblogging is clearly uncertain. Anything can happen. My guess is that microblogging will remain important for a while (at least a few years) but that it will transform itself rather radically. Chances are that other platforms will have microblogging features (something Facebook can do with status updates and something Automattic has been trying to do with some WordPress themes). In these troubled times, Montreal startup Identi.ca received some funding to continue developing its open microblogging platform. Jaiku, bought by Google last year, is going open source, which may be good news for microblogging in general. Twitter itself might maintain its “marketshare” or other players may take over. There’s already a large number of third-party tools and services making use of Twitter, from Mahalo Answers to Remember the Milk, Twistory to TweetDeck. Together, these all point to the current importance of microblogging and the potential for further development in that sphere. None of this means that microblogging is “The Next Big Thing.” But it’s reasonable to expect that microblogging will continue to grow in use. (Those who are trying to grok microblogging, Common Craft’s Twitter in Plain English video is among the best-known descriptions of Twitter and it seems like an efficient way to “get the idea.”) One thing which is rarely mentioned about microblogging is the prominent social structure supporting it. Like “Social Networking Systems” (LinkedIn, Facebook, Ning, MySpace…), microblogging makes it possible for people to “connect” to one another (as contacts/acquaintances/friends). Like blogs, microblogging platforms make it possible to link to somebody else’s material and get notifications for some of these links (a bit like pings and trackbacks). Like blogrolls, microblogging systems allow for lists of “favourite authors.” Unlike Social Networking Systems but similar to blogrolls, microblogging allow for asymmetrical relations, unreciprocated links: if I like somebody’s microblogging updates, I can subscribe to those (by “following” that person) and publicly show my appreciation of that person’s work, regardless of whether or not this microblogger likes my own updates. There’s something strangely powerful there because it taps the power of social networks while avoiding tricky issues of reciprocity, “confidentiality,” and “intimacy.” From the end user’s perspective, microblogging contacts may be easier to establish than contacts through Facebook or Orkut. From a social science perspective, microblogging links seem to approximate some of the fluidity found in social networks, without adding much complexity in the description of the relationships. Subscribing to someone’s updates gives me the role of “follower” with regards to that person. Conversely, those I follow receive the role of “following” (“followee” would seem logical, given the common “-er”/”-ee” pattern). The following and follower roles are complementary but each is sufficient by itself as a useful social link. Typically, a microblogging system like Twitter or Identi.ca qualifies two-way connections as “friendship” while one-way connections could be labelled as “fandom” (if Andrew follows Betty’s updates but Betty doesn’t follow Andrew’s, Andrew is perceived as one of Betty’s “fans”). Profiles on microblogging systems are relatively simple and public, allowing for low-involvement online “presence.” As long as updates are kept public, anybody can connect to anybody else without even needing an introduction. In fact, because microblogging systems send notifications to users when they get new followers (through email and/or SMS), subscribing to someone’s update is often akin to introducing yourself to that person. Reciprocating is the object of relatively intense social pressure. A microblogger whose follower:following ratio is far from 1:1 may be regarded as either a snob (follower:following much higher than 1:1) or as something of a microblogging failure (follower:following much lower than 1:1). As in any social context, perceived snobbery may be associated with sophistication but it also carries opprobrium. Perry Belcher made a video about what he calls “Twitter Snobs” and some French bloggers have elaborated on that concept. (Some are now claiming their right to be Twitter Snobs.) Low follower:following ratios can result from breach of etiquette (for instance, ostentatious self-promotion carried beyond the accepted limit) or even non-human status (many microblogging accounts are associated to “bots” producing automated content). The result of the pressure for reciprocation is that contacts are reciprocated regardless of personal relations. Some users even set up ways to automatically follow everyone who follows them. Despite being tricky, these methods escape the personal connection issue. Contrary to Social Networking Systems (and despite the term “friend” used for reciprocated contacts), following someone on a microblogging service implies little in terms of friendship. One reason I personally find this fascinating is that specifying personal connections has been an important part of the development of social networks online. For instance, long-defunct SixDegrees.com (one of the earliest Social Networking Systems to appear online) required of users that they specified the precise nature of their relationship to users with whom they were connected. Details escape me but I distinctly remember that acquaintances, colleagues, and friends were distinguished. If I remember correctly, only one such personal connection was allowed for any pair of users and this connection had to be confirmed before the two users were linked through the system. Facebook’s method to account for personal connections is somewhat more sophisticated despite the fact that all contacts are labelled as “friends” regardless of the nature of the connection. The uniform use of the term “friend” has been decried by many public commentators of Facebook (including in the United States where “friend” is often applied to any person with whom one is simply on friendly terms). In this context, the flexibility with which microblogging contacts are made merits consideration: by allowing unidirectional contacts, microblogging platforms may have solved a tricky social network problem. And while the strength of the connection between two microbloggers is left unacknowledged, there are several methods to assess it (for instance through replies and republished updates). Social contacts are the very basis of social media. In this case, microblogging represents a step towards both simplified and complexified social contacts. Which leads me to the theme which prompted me to start this blogpost: event-based microblogging. I posted the following blog entry (in French) about event-based microblogging, back in November. Microblogue d’événement I haven’t received any direct feedback on it and the topic seems to have little echoes in the social media sphere. During the last PodMtl meeting on February 18, I tried to throw my event-based microblogging idea in the ring. This generated a rather lengthy between a friend and myself. (Because I don’t want to put words in this friend’s mouth, who happens to be relatively high-profile, I won’t mention this friend’s name.) This friend voiced several objections to my main idea and I got to think about this basic notion a bit further. At the risk of sounding exceedingly opinionated, I must say that my friend’s objections actually comforted me in the notion that my “event microblog” idea makes a lot of sense. The basic idea is quite simple: microblogging instances tied to specific events. There are technical issues in terms of hosting and such but I’m mostly thinking about associating microblogs and events. What I had in mind during the PodMtl discussion has to do with grouping features, which are often requested by Twitter users (including by Perry Belcher who called out Twitter Snobs). And while I do insist on events as a basis for those instances (like groups), some of the same logic applies to specific interests. However, given the time-sensitivity of microblogging, I still think that events are more significant in this context than interests, however defined. In the PodMtl discussion, I frequently referred to BarCamp-like events (in part because my friend and interlocutor had participated in a number of such events). The same concept applies to any event, including one which is just unfolding (say, assassination of Guinea-Bissau’s president or bombings in Mumbai). Microblogging users are expected to think about “hashtags,” those textual labels preceded with the ‘#’ symbol which are meant to categorize microblogging updates. But hashtags are problematic on several levels. They require preliminary agreement among multiple microbloggers, a tricky proposition in any social media. “Let’s use #Bissau09. Everybody agrees with that?” It can get ugly and, even if it doesn’t, the process is awkward (especially for new users). Even if agreement has been reached, there might be discrepancies in the way hashtags are typed. “Was it #TwestivalMtl or #TwestivalMontreal, I forgot.” In terms of language economy, it’s unsurprising that the same hashtag would be used for different things. Is “#pcmtl” about Podcamp Montreal, about personal computers in Montreal, about PCM Transcoding Library…? Hashtags are frequently misunderstood by many microbloggers. Just this week, a tweep of mine (a “peep” on Twitter) asked about them after having been on Twitter for months. While there are multiple ways to track hashtags (including through SMS, in some regions), there is no way to further specify the tracked updates (for instance, by user). The distinction between a hashtag and a keyword is too subtle to be really useful. Twitter Search, for instance, lumps the two together. Hashtags take time to type. Even if microbloggers aren’t necessarily typing frantically, the time taken to type all those hashtags seems counterproductive and may even distract microbloggers. Repetitively typing the same string is a very specific kind of task which seems to go against the microblogging ethos, if not the cognitive processes associated with microblogging. The number of character in a hashtag decreases the amount of text in every update. When all you have is 140 characters at a time, the thirteen characters in “#TwestivalMtl” constitute almost 10% of your update. If the same hashtag is used by a large number of people, the visual effect can be that this hashtag is actually dominating the microblogging stream. Since there currently isn’t a way to ignore updates containing a certain hashtag, this effect may even discourage people from using a microblogging service. There are multiple solutions to these issues, of course. Some of them are surely discussed among developers of microblogging systems. And my notion of event-specific microblogs isn’t geared toward solving these issues. But I do think separate instances make more sense than hashtags, especially in terms of specific events. My friend’s objections to my event microblogging idea had something to do with visibility. It seems that this friend wants all updates to be visible, regardless of the context. While I don’t disagree with this, I would claim that it would still be useful to “opt out” of certain discussions when people we follow are involved. If I know that Sean is participating in a PHP conference and that most of his updates will be about PHP for a period of time, I would enjoy the possibility to hide PHP-related updates for a specific period of time. The reason I talk about this specific case is simple: a friend of mine has manifested some frustration about the large number of updates made by participants in Podcamp Montreal (myself included). Partly in reaction to this, he stopped following me on Twitter and only resumed following me after Podcamp Montreal had ended. In this case, my friend could have hidden Podcamp Montreal updates and still have received other updates from the same microbloggers. To a certain extent, event-specific instances are a bit similar to “rooms” in MMORPG and other forms of real-time many-to-many text-based communication such as the nostalgia-inducing Internet Relay Chat. Despite Dave Winer’s strong claim to the contrary (and attempt at defining microblogging away from IRC), a microblogging instance could, in fact, act as a de facto chatroom. When such a structure is needed. Taking advantage of the work done in microblogging over the past year (which seems to have advanced more rapidly than work on chatrooms has, during the past fifteen years). Instead of setting up an IRC channel, a Web-based chatroom, or even a session on MSN Messenger, users could use their microblogging platform of choice and either decide to follow all updates related to a given event or simply not “opt-out” of following those updates (depending on their preferences). Updates related to multiple events are visible simultaneously (which isn’t really the case with IRC or chatrooms) and there could be ways to make event-specific updates more prominent. In fact, there would be easy ways to keep real-time statistics of those updates and get a bird’s eye view of those conversations. And there’s a point about event-specific microblogging which is likely to both displease “alpha geeks” and convince corporate users: updates about some events could be “protected” in the sense that they would not appear in the public stream in realtime. The simplest case for this could be a company-wide meeting during which backchannel is allowed and even expected “within the walls” of the event. The “nothing should leave this room” attitude seems contradictory to social media in general, but many cases can be made for “confidential microblogging.” Microblogged conversations can easily be archived and these archives could be made public at a later date. Event-specific microblogging allows for some control of the “permeability” of the boundaries surrounding the event. “But why would people use microblogging instead of simply talking to another?,” you ask. Several quick answers: participants aren’t in the same room, vocal communication is mostly single-channel, large groups of people are unlikely to communicate efficiently through oral means only, several things are more efficiently done through writing, written updates are easier to track and archive… There are many other things I’d like to say about event-based microblogging but this post is already long. There’s one thing I want to explain, which connects back to the social network dimension of microblogging. Events can be simplistically conceived as social contexts which bring people together. (Yes, duh!) Participants in a given event constitute a “community of experience” regardless of the personal connections between them. They may be strangers, ennemies, relatives, acquaintances, friends, etc. But they all share something. “Participation,” in this case, can be relatively passive and the difference between key participants (say, volunteers and lecturers in a conference) and attendees is relatively moot, at a certain level of analysis. The key, here, is the set of connections between people at the event. These connections are a very powerful component of social networks. We typically meet people through “events,” albeit informal ones. Some events are explicitly meant to connect people who have something in common. In some circles, “networking” refers to something like this. The temporal dimension of social connections is an important one. By analogy to philosophy of language, the “first meeting” (and the set of “first impressions”) constitute the “baptism” of the personal (or social) connection. In social media especially, the nature of social connections tends to be monovalent enough that this “baptism event” gains special significance. The online construction of social networks relies on a finite number of dimensions, including personal characteristics described in a profile, indirect connections (FOAF), shared interests, textual content, geographical location, and participation in certain activities. Depending on a variety of personal factors, people may be quite inclusive or rather exclusive, based on those dimensions. “I follow back everyone who lives in Austin” or “Only people I have met in person can belong to my inner circle.” The sophistication with which online personal connections are negotiated, along such dimensions, is a thing of beauty. In view of this sophistication, tools used in social media seem relatively crude and underdeveloped. Going back to the (un)conference concept, the usefulness of having access to a list of all participants in a given event seems quite obvious. In an open event like BarCamp, it could greatly facilitate the event’s logistics. In a closed event with paid access, it could be linked to registration (despite geek resistance, closed events serve a purpose; one could even imagine events where attendance is free but the microblogging backchannel incurs a cost). In some events, everybody would be visible to everybody else. In others, there could be a sort of ACL for diverse types of participants. In some cases, people could be allowed to “lurk” without being seen while in others radically transparency could be enforced. For public events with all participants visible, lists of participants could be archived and used for several purposes (such as assessing which sessions in a conference are more popular or “tracking” event regulars). One reason I keep thinking about event-specific microblogging is that I occasionally use microblogging like others use business cards. In a geek crowd, I may ask for someone’s Twitter username in order to establish a connection with that person. Typically, I will start following that person on Twitter and find opportunities to communicate with that person later on. Given the possibility for one-way relationships, it establishes a social connection without requiring personal involvement. In fact, that person may easily ignore me without the danger of a face threat. If there were event-specific instances from microblogging platforms, we could manage connections and profiles in a more sophisticated way. For instance, someone could use a barebones profile for contacts made during an impersonal event and a full-fledged profile for contacts made during a more “intimate” event. After noticing a friend using an event-specific business card with an event-specific email address, I got to think that this event microblogging idea might serve as a way to fill a social need. More than most of my other blogposts, I expect comments on this one. Objections are obviously welcomed, especially if they’re made thoughtfully (like my PodMtl friend made them). Suggestions would be especially useful. Or even questions about diverse points that I haven’t addressed (several of which I can already think about). So… What do you think of this idea of event-based microblogging? Would you use a microblogging instance linked to an event, say at an unconference? Can you think of fun features an event-based microblogging instance could have? If you think about similar ideas you’ve seen proposed online, care to share some links? Thanks in advance! Author enkerliPosted on March 4, 2009 Categories acquaintances, advocacy, audience, blog comments, Blogging, blogging systems, blogging tools, blogosphere, cellphones, cluefulness, Clueing, comment-fishing, communitas, Communities, community-building, constructivism, Crazy Predictions, creativity, critical thinking, cultural capital, cultural identity, development strategies, digital lifestyle, Facebook, forums, friendliness, friends, friendship, geek crowd, geek culture, geekness, geeks, glocal, glocalization, groupthink, informality, innovation, knowledge people, linkfest, local, localization, location-specific, media, mediascape, memes, mindshare, musings, naïve, naïveté, new media, nostalgia, online communication, online communities, online privacy, online publishing, open-source, openness, opinions, optimism, participatory culture, Placeholders, productivity, profiles, public, ramblings, responsiveness, shameless plug, social, social bookmarking, social butterflies, social butterfly effect, social capital, social contract, social dynamics, social networking, social networks, social publishing, social software, sophistication, specialists, specialization, tagging, tags, techno enthusiasts, technological determinism, trends, trusting people, wishful thinking, wishlists, WordPress, WordPress.com, writingTags access control lists, archives, asymmetry, backchannel, baptism, BarCamp, bots, business cards, calendaring, chatrooms, classification systems, colleagues, community of experience, conferences, confidential microblogging, confidentiality, connections, corporate blogging, daily show, Dave Winer, ennemies, event microblog, event microblogging, event organization, event participants, Event participation, event registration, event scheduling, event tracking, event-based microblogging, event-specific microblogging, exclusiveness, extraverts, extroverts, face-threatening acts, Facebook, fandom, fans, favourites, first impressions, Fluidity, folksonomy, follower to following ratio, followers, following, geek culture, hashtags, Identi.ca, ignoring people, inclusiveness, indirect connections, Internet Relay Chat, intimacy, introverts, IRC, Jaiku, keywords, Laconica, LaTwit, Leo Laporte, LinkedIn, liveblogging, low-involvement, lurkers, Mahalo Answers, marketshare, Médialogues, meeting people, meetings, microbloggers, microblogging, microblogging ethos, microblogging groups, microblogging instances, microblogging platforms, microblogging systems, MMORPG, MSN Messenger, mutual friends, MySpace, networking, next big things, Ning, notification systems, one-way connections, online presence, oral communication, Orkut, passive participation, personal connections, personal involvement, PodCamp, PodCamp Montreal, PodMtl, politeness, profitability, reciprocated, reciprocated links, reciprocation, reciprocity, relatives, Remember the Milk, secrecy, shared interests, shyness, SixDegrees, SixDegrees.com, SMS, SNS, social connections, social media, social media life, social networking systems, social networks, taxonomy, TDSwJS, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, This Week in Tech, timidity, trust, tweeps, TweetDeck, Twistory, TWiT Army, Twitter, Twitter groups, Twitter Snobs, two-way relationships, unconference, unconferences, unfollow, vocal4 Comments on Social Networks and Microblogging Influence and Butterflies The social butterfly effect shouldn’t be overshadowed by the notion of influence. Seems like “influence” is a key theme in social media, these days. An example among several others: Influenceur, autorité, passeur de culture ou l’un de ces singes exubérants | Mario tout de go. In that post, Mario Asselin brings together a number of notions which are at the centre of current discussions about social media. The core notion seems to be that “influence” replaces “authority” as a quality or skill some people have, more than others. Some people are “influencers” and, as such, they have a specific power over others. Such a notion seems to be widely held in social media and numerous services exist which are based on the notion that “influence” can be measured. I don’t disagree. There’s something important, online, which can be called “influence” and which can be measured. To a large extent, it’s related to a large number of other concepts such as fame and readership, popularity and network centrality. There are significant differences between all of those concepts but they’re still related. They still depict “social power” which isn’t coercive but is the basis of an obvious stratification. In some contexts, this is what people mean by “social capital.” I originally thought people meant something closer to Bourdieu but a fellow social scientist made me realise that people are probably using Putnam’s concept instead. I recently learnt that George W. Bush himself used “political capital” in a sense which is fairly similar to what most people seem to mean by “social capital.” Even in that context, “capital” is more specific than “influence.” But the core notion is the same. To put it bluntly: Some people are more “important” than others. Social marketers are especially interested in such a notion. Marketing as a whole is about influence. Social marketing, because it allows for social groups to be relatively amorphous, opposes influence to authority. But influence maintains a connection with “top-down” approaches to marketing. My own point would be that there’s another kind of influence which is difficult to pinpoint but which is highly significant in social networks: the social butterfly effect. Yep, I’m still at it after more than three years. It’s even more relevant now than it was then. And I’m now able to describe it more clearly and define it more precisely. The social butterfly effect is a social network analogue to the Edward Lorenz’s well-known “butterfly effect. ” As any analogy, this connection is partial but telling. Like Lorenz’s phrase, “social butterfly effect” is more meaningful than precise. One thing which makes the phrase more important for me is the connection with the notion of a “social butterfly,” which is both a characteristic I have been said to have and a concept I deem important in social science. I define social butterflies as people who connect to diverse network clusters. Community enthusiast Christine Prefontaine defined social butterflies within (clustered) networks, but I think it’s useful to separate out network clusters. A social butterfly’s network is rather sparse as, on the whole, a small number of people in it have direct connections with one another. But given the topography of most social groups, there likely are clusters within that network. The social butterfly connects these clusters. When the social butterfly is the only node which can connect these clusters directly, her/his “influence” can be as strong as that of a central node in one of these clusters since s/he may be able to bring some new element from one cluster to another. I like the notion of “repercussion” because it has an auditory sense and it resonates with all sorts of notions I think important without being too buzzwordy. For instance, as expressions like “ripple effect” and “domino effect” are frequently used, they sound like clichés. Obviously, so does “butterfly effect” but I like puns too much to abandon it. From a social perspective, the behaviour of a social butterfly has important “repercussions” in diverse social groups. Since I define myself as a social butterfly, this all sounds self-serving. And I do pride myself in being a “connector.” Not only in generational terms (I dislike some generational metaphors). But in social terms. I’m rarely, if ever, central to any group. But I’m also especially good at serving as a contact between people from different groups. Yay, me! 🙂 My thinking about the social butterfly effect isn’t an attempt to put myself on some kind of pedestal. Social butterflies typically don’t have much “power” or “prestige.” Our status is fluid/precarious. I enjoy being a social butterfly but I don’t think we’re better or even more important than anybody else. But I do think that social marketers and other people concerned with “influence” should take us into account. I say all of this as a social scientist. Some parts of my description are personalized but I’m thinking about a broad stance “from society’s perspective.” In diverse contexts, including this blog, I have been using “sociocentric” in at least three distinct senses: class-based ethnocentrism, a special form of “altrocentrism,” and this “society-centred perspective.” These meanings are distinct enough that they imply homonyms. Social network analysis is typically “egocentric” (“ego-centred”) in that each individual is the centre of her/his own network. This “egocentricity” is both a characteristic of social networks in opposition to other social groups and a methodological issue. It specifically doesn’t imply egotism but it does imply a move away from pre-established social categories. In this sense, social network analysis isn’t “society-centred” and it’s one reason I put so much emphasis on social networks. In the context of discussions of influence, however, there is a “society-centredness” which needs to be taken into account. The type of “influence” social marketers and others are so interested in relies on defined “spaces.” In some ways, if “so-and-so is influential,” s/he has influence within a specific space, sphere, or context, the boundaries of which may be difficult to define. For marketers, this can bring about the notion of a “market,” including in its regional and demographic senses. This seems to be the main reason for the importance of clusters but it also sounds like a way to recuperate older marketing concepts which seem outdated online. A related point is the “vertical” dimension of this notion of “influence.” Whether or not it can be measured accurately, it implies some sort of scale. Some people are at the top of the scale, they’re influencers. Those at the bottom are the masses, since we take for granted that pyramids are the main models for social structure. To those of us who favour egalitarianism, there’s something unpalatable about this. And I would say that online contacts tend toward some form of egalitarianism. To go back to one of my favourite buzzphrases, the notion of attention relates to reciprocity: It’s an attention economy: you need to pay attention to get attention. This is one thing journalism tends to “forget.” Relationships between journalists and “people” are asymmetrical. Before writing this post, I read Brian Storm’s commencement speech for the Mizzou J-School. While it does contain some interesting tidbits about the future of journalism, it positions journalists (in this case, recent graduates from an allegedly prestigious school of journalism) away from the masses. To oversimplify, journalists are constructed as those who capture people’s attention by the quality of their work, not by any two-way relationship. Though they rarely discuss this, journalists, especially those in mainstream media, typically perceive themselves as influencers. Attention often has a temporal dimension which relates to journalism’s obsession with time. Journalists work in time-sensitive contexts, news are timely, audiences spend time with journalistic contents, and journalists fight for this audience time as a scarce resource, especially in connection to radio and television. Much of this likely has to do with the fact that journalism is intimately tied to advertising. As I write this post, I hear on a radio talk show a short discussion about media coverage of Africa. The topic wakes up the africanist in me. The time devoted to Africa in almost any media outside of Africa is not only very limited but spent on very specific issues having to do with Africa. In mainstream media, Africa only “matters” when major problems occur. Even though most parts of Africa are peaceful and there many fabulously interesting things occuring throughout the continent, Africa is the “forgotten” continent. A connection I perceive is that, regardless of any other factor, Africans are taken to not be “influential.” What makes this notion especially strange to an africanist is that influence tends to be a very important matter throughout the continent. Most Africans I know or have heard about have displayed a very nuanced and acute sense of “influence” to the extent that “power” often seems less relevant when working in Africa than different elements of influence. I know full well that, to outsiders to African studies, these claims may sound far-fetched. But there’s a lot to be said about the importance of social networks in Africa and this could help refine a number of notions that I have tagged in this post. Author enkerliPosted on December 31, 2008 Categories A, acquaintances, advertising, advice, advocacy, Africa, arrogance, audience, cluefulness, Clueing, comment-fishing, cultural awareness, cultural capital, cultural diversity, diversity, Empowerment, ethnocentrism, expertise, friendship, globalisation, grassroots, groupthink, hegemony, humanism, individualism, information, innovation, Institutions, journalism, knowledge, knowledge management, knowledge people, localization, location-specific, market economy, marketing, mass media, memes, metaphors, mindshare, moral enterpreneurs, nationalism, networking, new media, news, online communities, openness, Places, prestige, public, rants, readership, shameless plug, soapbox, social butterflies, social butterfly effect, social capital, social networking, social networks, sociocentrism, sophistication, success in life, tagging, tags, trends, trusting people, tv, U.S. exceptionalism, U.S. media, voice, wishful thinkingTags ADHD, Africa, amateurs, attention, attention economy, attraction, authority, bloggers, blogosphere, branding, brands, Brian Storm, buzzphrases, Buzzwords, capital, celebrities, centrism, clueful, Clueing, confidence, cultural capital, culture, distributed authority, distributed trust, egocentric, expertise, experts, fame, fans, filters, gatekeepers, glamour, goodwill, groupthink, hegemony, hierarchy, importance, influence, information economy, Institutions, J-Schools, journalism, journalists, knowledge management, knowledge people, knowledge workers, landminds, landmines, lead, leaders, legitimacy, mainstream, mainstream media, Mario Asselin, media outlets, MediaStorm, memes, memetic marketplace, microblogging, mindshare, Mizzou, moral enterpreneurs, name, network centrality, network effect, network graph, non-deterministic, non-linear, notoriety, personal brands, political capital, popularity, professionals, puce à l'oreille, qualitative analysis, ranking, ranks, rating, recognition, relevance, renommée, renown, repercussions, reputation, scale, social butterflies, social butterfly effect, social capital, social marketing, social media, social network analysis, social networks, social science, sociocentric, sphere, stars, statistics, stratification, tagfest, tags, talent, transmission, trends, trendsetters, trendsetting, trust, Twinfluence, Twitority, Twitter, Twitter Grader, viral marketing, voice5 Comments on Influence and Butterflies My Problem With Journalism I hate having an axe to grind. Really, I do. “It’s unlike me.” When I notice that I catch myself grinding an axe, I “get on my own case.” I can be quite harsh with my own self. But I’ve been trained to voice my concerns. And I’ve been perceiving an important social problem for a while. So I “can’t keep quiet about it.” If everything goes really well, posting this blog entry might be liberating enough that I will no longer have any axe to grind. Even if it doesn’t go as well as I hope, it’ll be useful to keep this post around so that people can understand my position. Because I don’t necessarily want people to agree with me. I mostly want them to understand “where I come from.” So, here goes: Journalism may have outlived its usefulness. Like several other “-isms” (including nationalism, colonialism, imperialism, and racism) journalism is counterproductive in the current state of society. This isn’t an ethical stance, though there are ethical positions which go with it. It’s a statement about the anachronic nature of journalism. As per functional analysis, everything in society needs a function if it is to be maintained. What has been known as journalism is now taking new functions. Eventually, “journalism as we know it” should, logically, make way for new forms. What these new forms might be, I won’t elaborate in this post. I have multiple ideas, especially given well-publicised interests in social media. But this post isn’t about “the future of journalism.” It’s about the end of journalism. Or, at least, my looking forward to the end of journalism. Now, I’m not saying that journalists are bad people and that they should just lose their jobs. I do think that those who were trained as journalists need to retool themselves, but this post isn’t not about that either. It’s about an axe I’ve been grinding. See, I can admit it, I’ve been making some rather negative comments about diverse behaviours and statements, by media people. It has even become a habit of mine to allow myself to comment on something a journalist has said, if I feel that there is an issue. Yes, I know: journalists are people too, they deserve my respect. And I do respect them, the same way I respect every human being. I just won’t give them the satisfaction of my putting them on a pedestal. In my mind, journalists are people: just like anybody else. They deserve no special treatment. And several of them have been arrogant enough that I can’t help turning their arrogance back to them. Still, it’s not about journalist as people. It’s about journalism “as an occupation.” And as a system. An outdated system. Speaking of dates, some context… I was born in 1972 and, originally,I was quite taken by journalism. By age twelve, I was pretty much a news junkie. Seriously! I was “consuming” a lot of media at that point. And I was “into” media. Mostly television and radio, with some print mixed in, as well as lots of literary work for context: this is when I first read French and Russian authors from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. I kept thinking about what was happening in The World. Back in 1984, the Cold War was a major issue. To a French-Canadian tween, this mostly meant thinking about the fact that there were (allegedly) US and USSR “bombs pointed at us,” for reasons beyond our direct control. “Caring about The World” also meant thinking about all sorts of problems happening across The Globe. Especially poverty, hunger, diseases, and wars. I distinctly remember caring about the famine in Ethiopia. And when We Are the World started playing everywhere, I felt like something was finally happening. This was one of my first steps toward cynicism. And I’m happy it occured at age twelve because it allowed me to eventually “snap out of it.” Oh, sure, I can still be a cynic on occasion. But my cynicism is contextual. I’m not sure things would have been as happiness-inducing for me if it hadn’t been for that early start in cynicism. Because, you see, The World disinterested itself quite rapidly with the plight of Ethiopians. I distinctly remember asking myself, after the media frenzy died out, what had happened to Ethiopians in the meantime. I’m sure there has been some report at the time claiming that the famine was over and that the situation was “back to normal.” But I didn’t hear anything about it, and I was looking. As a twelve-year-old French-Canadian with no access to a modem, I had no direct access to information about the situation in Ethiopia. Ethiopia still remained as a symbol, to me, of an issue to be solved. It’s not the direct cause of my later becoming an africanist. But, come to think of it, there might be a connection, deeper down than I had been looking. So, by the end of the Ethiopian famine of 1984-85, I was “losing my faith in” journalism. I clearly haven’t gained a new faith in journalism. And it all makes me feel quite good, actually. I simply don’t need that kind of faith. I was already training myself to be a critical thinker. Sounds self-serving? Well, sorry. I’m just being honest. What’s a blog if the author isn’t honest and genuine? Flash forward to 1991, when I started formal training in anthropology. The feeling was exhilarating. I finally felt like I belonged. My statement at the time was to the effect that “I wasn’t meant for anthropology: anthropology was meant for me!” And I was learning quite a bit about/from The World. At that point, it already did mean “The Whole Wide World,” even though my knowledge of that World was fairly limited. And it was a haven of critical thinking. Ideal, I tell you. Moan all you want, it felt like the ideal place at the ideal time. And, during the summer of 1993, it all happened: I learnt about the existence of the “Internet.” And it changed my life. Seriously, the ‘Net did have a large part to play in important changes in my life. That event, my discovery of the ‘Net, also has a connection to journalism. The person who described the Internet to me was Kevin Tuite, one of my linguistic anthropology teachers at Université de Montréal. As far as I can remember, Kevin was mostly describing Usenet. But the potential for “relatively unmediated communication” was already a big selling point. Kevin talked about the fact that members of the Caucasian diaspora were able to use the Internet to discuss with their relatives and friends back in the Caucasus about issues pertaining to these independent republics after the fall of the USSR. All this while media coverage was sketchy at best (sounded like journalism still had a hard time coping with the new realities). As you can imagine, I was more than intrigued and I applied for an account as soon as possible. In the meantime, I bought at 2400 baud modem, joined some local BBSes, and got to chat about the Internet with several friends, some of whom already had accounts. Got my first email account just before semester started, in August, 1993. I can still see traces of that account, but only since April, 1994 (I guess I wasn’t using my address in my signature before this). I’ve been an enthusiastic user of diverse Internet-based means of communication since then. But coming back to journalism, specifically… Journalism missed the switch. During the past fifteen years, I’ve been amazed at how clueless members of mainstream media institutions have been to “the power of the Internet.” This was during Wired Magazine’s first year as a print magazine and we (some friends and I) were already commenting upon the fact that print journalists should look at what was coming. Eventually, they would need to adapt. “The Internet changes everything,” I thought. No, I didn’t mean that the Internet would cause any of the significant changes that we have seeing around us. I tend to be against technological determinism (and other McLuhan tendencies). Not that I prefer sociological determinism yet I can’t help but think that, from ARPAnet to the current state of the Internet, most of the important changes have been primarily social: if the Internet became something, it’s because people are making it so, not because of some inexorable technological development. My enthusiastic perspective on the Internet was largely motivated by the notion that it would allow people to go beyond the model from the journalism era. Honestly, I could see the end of “journalism as we knew it.” And I’m surprised, fifteen years later, that journalism has been among the slowest institutions to adapt. In a sense, my main problem with journalism is that it maintains a very stratified structure which gives too much weight to the credibility of specific individuals. Editors and journalists, who are part of the “medium” in the old models of communication, have taken on a gatekeeping role despite the fact that they rarely are much more proficient thinkers than people who read them. “Gatekeepers” even constitute a “textbook case” in sociology, especially in conflict theory. Though I can easily perceive how “constructed” that gatekeeping model may be, I can easily relate to what it entails in terms of journalism. There’s a type of arrogance embedded in journalistic self-perception: “we’re journalists/editors so we know better than you; you need us to process information for you.” Regardless of how much I may disagree with some of his words and actions, I take solace in the fact that Murdoch, a key figure in today’s mainstream media, talked directly at this arrogance. Of course, he might have been pandering. But the very fact that he can pay lip-service to journalistic arrogance is, in my mind, quite helpful. I think the days of fully stratified gatekeeping (a “top-down approach” to information filtering) are over. Now that information is easily available and that knowledge is constructed socially, any “filtering” method can be distributed. I’m not really thinking of a “cream rises to the top” model. An analogy with water sources going through multiple layers of mountain rock would be more appropriate to a Swiss citizen such as myself. But the model I have in mind is more about what Bakhtin called “polyvocality” and what has become an ethical position on “giving voice to the other.” Journalism has taken voice away from people. I have in mind a distributed mode of knowledge construction which gives everyone enough voice to have long-distance effects. At the risk of sounding too abstract (it’s actually very clear in my mind, but it requires a long description), it’s a blend of ideas like: the social butterfly effect, a post-encyclopedic world, and cultural awareness. All of these, in my mind, contribute to this heightened form of critical thinking away from which I feel journalism has led us. The social butterfly effect is fairly easy to understand, especially now that social networks are so prominent. Basically, the “butterfly effect” from chaos theory applied to social networks. In this context, a “social butterfly” is a node in multiple networks of varying degrees of density and clustering. Because such a “social butterfly” can bring things (ideas, especially) from one such network to another, I argue that her or his ultimate influence (in agregate) is larger than that of someone who sits at the core of a highly clustered network. Yes, it’s related to “weak ties” and other network classics. But it’s a bit more specific, at least in my mind. In terms of journalism, the social butterfly effect implies that the way knowledge is constructed needs not come from a singular source or channel. The “encyclopedic world” I have in mind is that of our good friends from the French Enlightenment: Diderot and the gang. At that time, there was a notion that the sum of all knowledge could be contained in the Encyclopédie. Of course, I’m simplifying. But such a notion is still discussed fairly frequently. The world in which we now live has clearly challenged this encyclopedic notion of exhaustiveness. Sure, certain people hold on to that notion. But it’s not taken for granted as “uncontroversial.” Actually, those who hold on to it tend to respond rather positively to the journalistic perspective on human events. As should be obvious, I think the days of that encyclopedic worldview are counted and that “journalism as we know it” will die at the same time. Though it seems to be built on an “encyclopedia” frame, Wikipedia clearly benefits from distributed model of knowledge management. In this sense, Wikipedia is less anachronistic than Britannica. Wikipedia also tends to be more insightful than Britannica. The cultural awareness point may sound like an ethnographer’s pipe dream. But I perceive a clear connection between Globalization and a certain form of cultural awareness in information and knowledge management. This is probably where the Global Voices model can come in. One of the most useful representations of that model comes from a Chris Lydon’s Open Source conversation with Solana Larsen and Ethan Zuckerman. Simply put, I feel that this model challenges journalism’s ethnocentrism. Obviously, I have many other things to say about journalism (as well as about its corrolate, nationalism). But I do feel liberated already. So I’ll leave it at that. Author enkerliPosted on November 25, 2008 Categories alter-globalization, alter-mondialistes, arrogance, audience, Christopher Lydon, cluefulness, Clueing, clueless, Cluetrain Manifesto, comment-fishing, Communities, confessions, constructivism, consumerism, Crazy Predictions, critical thinking, cultural awareness, cultural capital, digital lifestyle, diversity, Empowerment, ethnocentrism, Ethnography, freedom, globalization, glocalisation, glocalization, grassroots, groupthink, hegemony, humanism, informality, information, Institutions, journalism, knowledge, knowledge management, knowledge people, local, localization, Marshall McLuhan, mass media, media, mediascape, memes, mindshare, moral enterpreneurs, Nation-States, nationalism, new media, New York Times, news, nostalgia, online communication, online communities, online publishing, open access, openness, optimism, participatory culture, personal, Placeholders, Radio Open Source, ramblings, rants, shameless plug, soapbox, social butterfly effect, social networks, sociocentrism, technological determinism, trusting people, wishful thinkingTags -isms, 1980s, ARPAnet, axe grinding, BBS, Caucasus, Chris Lydon, Cold War, colonialism, distributed processing, Encyclopédie, Ethan Zuckerman, Ethiopian famine, free speech, functionalism, gatekeepers, gatekeeping, Georgian Republic, Global Voices Online, imperialism, Internet, journalists, Kevin Tuite, libération, nationalism, post-encyclopedic, racism, René Diderot, respect, Ronald Reagan, Rupert Murdoch, sociological determinism, Solana Larsen, Usenet, USSR, We Are the World, Wired Magazine9 Comments on My Problem With Journalism Intello C’est un billet un peu difficile à écrire, mais je crois que c’est important pour moi de le laisser sortir. La difficulté provient du fait que mon ton va probablement sonner opiniâtre. Pire, je risque de froisser la sensibilité de certains. Et pour rendre les choses presque tragiques, je vais parler de façon négative de certains individus. C’est vraiment pas mon genre. Et il n’y a aucun jugement de valeur sur les personnes impliquées. Je pense à des comportements que je trouve quelque peu déplacés et je me sens un certain devoir d’honnêteté et de franchise, à ce sujet. Mais je sais déjà que ça peut paraître insultant. Les personnes que j’ai choisies sont des «personnalités publiques», habituées à la brûlure de l’opinion publique. Si elles aboutissent sur ce billet, elles le concevront comme un de ces commentaires critiques mal digérés qu’elles ont l’habitude de recevoir, dans leur courrier des lecteurs. Je ne m’inquiète donc pas pour leurs réactions. Les gens qui apprécient ces personnes auront probablement avoir une réaction similaire à celle de leurs idoles. Elles n’auront sans doûte pas l’envie de revenir sur mon blogue, mais je cherche pas à me bâtir un lectorat extensif. Par contre, ce qui m’embête un peu, c’est que mes propos risquent de modifier un peu l’opinion de certaines personnes à mon égard. C’est un risque à prendre mais mes os ne sont pas de verre et le jeu en vaut la chandelle. Mais avant d’accuser des gens, une mise en contexte. Comme c’est probablement évident, je réfléchis ces temps-ci aux «intellectuels», à la perception de l’intelligence et à divers personnages sociaux. Le présent billet s’inscrit en continuité assez directe, dans mon esprit, avec trois billets que j’ai écrits au cours des deux derniers mois, dont deux en anglais et un en français. Curmudgeon Phase (7 septembre) Intello-Bullying (13 octobre) L’intellectuel s’assume (26 octobre) Dans une certaine mesure, le présent billet me trottait dans la tête pendant que j’écrivais ces autres billets. Je peux entrer dans le vif du sujet: ce qu’est un «intello», selon moi. Non, je n’utilise pas «intello» comme simple diminutif d’«intellectuel». Et ce n’est pas même une question de préciser des connotations négatives ou positives. Je parle de personnages sociaux distincts. Pour être le plus franc possible, je m’assume en tant qu’«intellectuel» mais je souhaite ardemment ne pas être un «intello». Pour moi, l’«intello» n’a de l’«intellectuel» que l’apparence et non la substance. En somme, l’intello est un «pseudo-intellectuel». Vous me voyez probablement venir, mais je veux être précis. Je ne parle pas ici de «mauvais intellectuels» ou d’intellectuels que je juge comme inférieurs. Je parle de personne qui adoptent un comportement qui fait appel au personnage de l’intellectuel par pur désir de positionnement social. Bref, des imposteurs. Le mot est fort mais il me semble d’autant plus approprié qu’il est utilisé pour désigner ce que les coachs de vie appellent «le syndrome de l’imposteur» (“impostor syndrome” ou “imposter syndrome”, en anglais). Je m’intéresse beaucoup à cette notion d’imposture parce que la plupart des descriptions qui en sont faites semblent correspondre très précisémment à quelque-chose que je ressentais de façon très forte jusqu’à tout récemment. D’ailleurs, c’est en passant à travers cette impression d’imposture que j’ai réussi à atteindre de nouveau la sérénité. C’est quoi, ce «syndrome de l’imposteur»? Eh bien, déjà, c’est pas vraiment un «syndrome». C’est plutôt une façon de décrire un ensemble de phénomènes psychiques qui semblent affecter certaines personnes, surtout celles qui semblent réussir. La base, c’est un sentiment que notre réussite n’est pas basée sur des capacités concrètes, liées à nos réussites, mais sur la chance, le charme ou une espèce d’inertie. «Si j’atteins ce niveau c’est parce que les gens m’assignent des qualités que je n’ai pas, parce que je suis bien tombé(e), ou parce que je suis simplement resté(e) assez longtemps dans cette position.» Les recherches originales sur ce phénomène, par Clance et Imes, portaient sur des «femmes qui réussissent» (“high achieving women“). Mais le même phénomène se produit chez des hommes. Après avoir pu identifier ce phénomène chez moi, j’ai non seulement effectué certaines réflexions introspectives mais j’ai eu l’occasion d’en discuter avec plusieurs personnes. Les réactions varient passablement, d’une personne à l’autre. Une personne dont le parcours académique me semble le plus intéressant m’a récemment avoué avoir longtemps souffert de cette impression d’imposture (et je parle de quelqu’un avec beaucoup de prestige). Plusieurs autres personnes ont parlé de ce phénomène comme étant inévitable ou du moins très courant, surtout dans le milieu académique. D’autres encores ont eu une attitude somme toute assez condescendante à l’égard de celles et ceux qui sont affecté(e)s par cette impression d’imposture. Et plusieurs personnes, y compris des psychologues, m’ont permis de trouver une issue personnelle à la paralysie que cette impression semble provoquer. Et c’est vraiment tout simple: les vrais imposteurs ne se posent pas la question s’ils sont ou non imposteurs. Je sais pas si c’est une affirmation si valide. Mais cette simple idée m’a beaucoup aidé à comprendre que ce sentiment d’imposture était, du moins dans mon cas, basé sur des critères inappropriés. Pour revenir à l’intello comme imposteur. D’après moi, l’intello est celui (ou celle, il y a certaines femmes comme ça) qui ne se pose pas de question par rapport à son imposture intellectuelle. Ça semble simpliste, comme définition. Mais, en contexte, ça fonctionne. Et ça me fait penser à plusieurs représentations de cet intello. Peut-être ma préférée, c’est dans une chanson de Brel sur Les paumés du petit matin (version vidéo, à partir de 3:25). Mon interprétation des paroles de cette chanson tourne autour du fait que les personnages décrits sont des intellos, qui font semblant d’être des intellectuels. Le passage qui me semble le plus pertinent à cet égard: Ils se racontent à minuit Les poèmes qu’ils n’ont pas lus Les romans qu’ils n’ont pas écrits Les amours qu’ils n’ont pas vécues Les vérités qui ne servent à rien Tout de suite, je me mets à me poser toutes sortes de questions par rapport à mes propres agissements. «Ai-je fait ça, moi?» J’ai beau être sorti de l’impasse, j’ai encore certains réflexes. Et le fait est que j’ai déjà discuté de chacun de ces sujets sans en avoir d’expérience directe. Par contre, même si je suis honnête au sujet de mon expérience indirecte, je continue à me poser des questions. Selon mon interprétation de cette chanson de Brel, ceux qu’il décrivait n’étaient ni honnête ni porté à la remise en question. Un passage, plus tôt dans la chanson, sonne comme une description très directe de ce que craignent ceux qui se croient imposteurs: Elles elles ont l’arrogance Des filles qui ont de la poitrine Eux ils ont cette assurance Des hommes dont on devine Que le papa a eu de la chance La différence, encore là, entre les vrais imposteurs et ceux qui craignent de l’être, c’est dans l’attitude: l’arrogance et l’assurance. Rien de mal avec l’assurance, c’est une attitude qui peut être révélatrice d’une saine estime de soi. Et l’arrogance n’est pas un crime. Mais ce genre d’attitude est la base même de ce que j’ai décrié dans des billets précédents. Donc, contrairement à l’intellectuel, l’intello fait preuve d’arrogance ou d’assurance excessive. Ça semble clair. Mais est-ce suffisant? Je sais pas. Surtout que j’ai acquis pas mal d’assurance, au cours des derniers mois, et mon attitude a balancé d’un côté moins humble, pendant un certain temps. C’était une des bases de mon billet sur l’égocentrisme. Je crois par contre être revenu à mon attitude usuelle qui, sans être excessivement humble, n’en est pas arrogante pour autant. Du moins, selon moi. Peut-être ai-je tort et je serais dans ce cas un intello. Soit. Mais, au moins, je réfléchis sérieusement à la question et si je m’assume en tant qu’intellectuel ce n’est pas pour m’affubler d’un titre mais bien pour accepter une étiquette qui m’a collé à la peau toute ma vie. On revient finalement à ceux que j’accuse d’être des intellos. Et c’est la partie difficile de ce billet, malgré toutes mes précautions. Je n’ai pas encore décidé combien de personnes il me serait approprié de nommer, dans ce contexte. Mais je vais commencer avec deux. Je n’ajouterai pas de liens vers leurs profils parce que mon but n’est pas d’attirer leur attention. Tel que mentionné plus haut, j’ai pas non plus peur qu’elles puissent lire ce billet. Donc, vous voulez des noms? [Roulement de tambour…] Richard Martineau et John C. Dvorak. Voilà, c’est dit. Bon, pour ceux qui me connaissent, c’est peut-être pas très surprenant. Et ce sont deux journalistes assez controversés, ce qui m’empêche de craindre de leur causer du tort. Mais, vraiment, je perçois ces deux personnages comme des intellos: des imposteurs de l’intellect. Martineau me rend la tâche facile. Pour les Québécois francophones, surtout ceux qui connaissent beaucoup de vrais intellectuels, la preuve de l’imposture de Martineau est dans son comportement-même. Pour ceux qui ne le connaissent pas, Richard Martineau peut être décrire comme un chroniqueur au style provocateur qui se prononce sur divers sujets d’actualités à travers diverses tribunes. En d’autres termes, c’est un de ces journaleux qui sont à la fois gueulards (Martineau s’est longtemps affublé du titre de «grande gueule») et susceptibles. C’est le type qui gueule, qui a des propos à l’emporte-pièce, qui se moque des gens et qui ne supporte pas la moindre petite critique, même justifiée et constructive. Du moins, son personnage. Je parle pas vraiment de Richard Martineau lui-même, que je n’ai jamais rencontré. Je parle de sa persona, du masque social qu’il s’est créé. Tout comme ceux qui craignent d’être imposteurs, Martineau semble avoir des problèmes d’estime de soi. Mais contrairement à ceux qui parlent de souffrir de l’impression d’être des imposteurs, Martineau semble n’avoir s’assumer dans le personnage. Il raconte «des vérités qui ne servent à rien» en revendiquant le droit de le faire. Ce qui fait de lui un personnage désagréable mais qui n’implique rien sur sa personne. Si c’est un rôle qu’il joue, il le joue avec brio et je l’en félicite. Mon choix de Martineau comme cible de l’étiquette d’«intello» n’est pas complètement anodin. Un des rares propos personnalisé et désobligeants (des «mots d’esprits» à la Ridicule) que j’ai vraiment apprécié, c’est cette phrase de Dany Laferrière: Richard Martineau vit intellectuellement au-dessus de ses moyens, un jour, il va faire faillite. Non seulement c’est bien trouvé, mais c’est une analyse pénétrante (“insightful”). C’est aussi très insultant. Oui, je sais, il y a eu toute une polémique à ce sujet. Mais je n’essaie pas de m’immiscer dans cette polémique. D’ailleurs, c’est pour cette raison que je n’ajoute aucun lien vers les multiples billets de blogues traitant de cette polémique. Mais je crois que ça aide à cerner le concept d’intello: comme un frimeur qui s’achète une bagnole qu’il n’a pas les moyens de s’acheter, l’intello se rend propriétaire d’idées qu’il ne peut soutenir. Je sais pas pour vous, mais je trouve ça très parlant, comme concept. Et même si je trouve que le «Martineau le personnage» est un bon exemple de cette crise intellectuelle, je pense plutôt à des comportements dangereux. Bon, ma deuxième cible, maintenant: John C. Dvorak. Il est probablement moins connu des Francophones que Martineau qui, lui-même, tient sa notoriété au «Paysage audiovisuel québécois». C’est donc une cible relativement peu risquée pour moi puisque ses fans sont surtout anglophones. Mais je connais personnellement des gens qui l’apprécient, y compris des gens qui liront peut-être ces lignes. Alors il y a quand même un certain risque. Donc, qui est Dvorak? Pour simplifier, c’est un chroniqueur américain sur les nouvelles technologiques. Un type qui aime bien provoquer en tenant des propos frôlant l’absurdité. Il a parfois été assez explicite sur ses intentions: il provoque les gens pour attirer les lecteurs ou pour obtenir plus de traffic. Dans la logique journaleuse, c’est légitime, mais je crois que c’est aussi une marque d’imposture. Tout comme avec Martineau, je ne parle pas de l’individu mais bien du personnage. J’ai rien contre Dvorak, que je ne connais pas personnellement. Je le trouve pas spécialement attachant mais j’imagine que j’aurais du plaisir à le rencontrer. Mais je trouve son comportement irrespectueux, méprisant, arrogant et, simplement, inapproprié. Je pense surtout à ses apparitions sur la baladodiffusion de Leo Laporte, This Week in Tech (TWiT). Mais pas exclusivement. «Dvorak le personnage» est le même, peu importe le contexte. Du moins, c’est l’impression que j’en ai. Sa présence à TWiT est l’objet de discussions, parfois motivée par mes propres réactions. L’idée, c’est que comme Martineau, le personnage est controversé. Ce n’est pas une question de prendre position, pour moi. Mais d’établir un concept. Comme Martineau, Dvorak est à la fois «grande gueule» et susceptible. Un peu comme Martineau avec Laferrière, Dvorak a eu des difficultés avec Jason Calacanis. Pourtant, Calacanis n’a pas été aussi désobligeant à l’égard de Dvorak que Laferrière a été à l’égard de Martineau. La différence tient peut-être au contexte linguistique (les Anglophones accordent moins d’importance aux «mots d’esprit») mais, aussi, je perçois Calacanis comme quelqu’un de très respectueux et un vrai humaniste. Toujours est-il que, selon ce que j’ai pu comprendre, Dvorak refuse de participer à TWiT si Calacanis est présent. Je crois que le contraire n’est pas vrai: Calacanis semble n’avoir aucune animosité par rapport à Dvorak. Tout au plus, Calacanis s’amuse parfois à imiter Dvorak, ce que Dvorak lui-même fait à l’occasion. Dvorak est un bougon. C’est un peu le «schtroumpf grognon» de l’actualité technologique. Il participe à une émission intitulée Cranky Geeks, et le terme “cranky” correspond plus ou moins à «irritable» en français. En d’autres termes, il a un «mauvais caractère». Mais cette dimension du personnage n’a que peu d’importance, pour moi, même si c’est un peu la cible de mon billet sur les “curmudgeons”. C’est une attitude que je trouve désagréable et j’ai de la difficulté à lui trouver une valeur positive. Mais je peux accepter cette attitude. Tant qu’elle n’est pas méprisante. Selon moi, Dvorak est méprisant et imbu de lui-même. Bien au-delà du style conversationnel à haut engagement (“high involvement style”) dans lequel la parole de l’un peut chevaucher avec la parole de l’autre, John C. Dvorak s’accapare les tours de parole d’une façon si agressive qu’il m’est difficile de croire qu’il ne se prend pas pour l’analyste le plus fin de l’assemblée. Et s’il prétend ramener les intervenants à l’ordre, lors de This Week in Tech, c’est souvent lui qui fait dévier la conversation sur les sujets les plus tangentiels. Oh, j’aime bien les tangentes. Mais la façon dont Dvorak impose ces tangentes me semble littéralement malhonnête. Et pour revenir au statut d’intello. Dvorak a probablement une intelligence tout à fait raisonnable, selon notre définition de l’intelligence. Je n’ai pas l’impression qu’il manque d’intelligence. Mais, comme Martineau, j’ai l’impression que le personnage comporte une surévaluation de l’intelligence du bonhomme. Dans le cas de Dvorak, c’est surtout une question de faire des prédictions (à l’emporte-pièce), ce qui est parfois considéré comme glorieux quand elles se réalisent (et peut-être pas si désastreux quand elles ne se réalisent pas). Comme Dvorak a fait à peu près n’importe quelle prédiction possible, il devient difficile de le prendre au sérieux. Pas que c’est si important, selon moi, d’être pris au sérieux. Mais, bon, puisque Dvorak parle régulièrement de tout ce qu’il a déjà dit, le personnage donne l’impression que le sérieux est important dans son cas. Comme avec Martineau, je ne me préoccupe pas tellement de l’individu. Je pense au personnage dans un contexte presque allégorique. Dvorak représente une abstraction de l’intello, celui qui énonce sans écouter. Dvorak est d’ailleurs si insultant et méprisant que le fait de le mettre en parallèle avec Martineau semble insultant pour Martineau. Mais, ça, c’est un personnage. Un personnage d’intellectuel qui est usurpé par un intello. C’est pas un crime, mais ça mérite un billet. Et maintenant que je l’écris, ça va me faire plaisir de le publier, sans même le relire, ce billet. C’est exaltant de pouvoir s’exprimer de la sorte. Bien entendu, je m’attends à recevoir toutes sortes de commentaires désobligeants. Mais je peux vivre avec ça. Encore une fois, mes os ne sont pas de verre. «» «» Author enkerliPosted on October 28, 2008 Categories arrogance, audience, comment-fishing, français, Francophones, humour, Québec, ramblingsTags intellectuels, intellos5 Comments on Intello Apologies and Social Media: A Follow-Up on PRI’s WTP I did it! I did exactly what I’m usually trying to avoid. And I feel rather good about the outcome despite some potentially “ruffled feathers” («égos froissés»?). While writing a post about PRI’s The World: Technology Podcast (WTP), I threw caution to the wind. Why Is PRI’s The World Having Social Media Issues? « Disparate. I rarely do that. In fact, while writing my post, I was getting an awkward feeling. Almost as if I were writing from a character’s perspective. Playing someone I’m not, with a voice which isn’t my own but that I can appropriate temporarily. The early effects of my lack of caution took a little bit of time to set in and they were rather negative. What’s funny is that I naïvely took the earliest reaction as being rather positive but it was meant to be very negative. That in itself indicates a very beneficial development in my personal life. And I’m grateful to the person who helped me make this realization. The person in question is Clark Boyd, someone I knew nothing about a few days ago and someone I’m now getting to know through both his own words and those of people who know about his work. The power of social media. And social media’s power is the main target of this, here, follow-up of mine. As I clumsily tried to say in my previous post on WTP, I don’t really have a vested interest in the success or failure of that podcast. I discovered it (as a tech podcast) a few days ago and I do enjoy it. As I (also clumsily) said, I think WTP would rate fairly high on a scale of cultural awareness. To this ethnographer, cultural awareness is too rare a feature in any form of media. During the latest WTP episode, Boyd discussed what he apparently describes as the mitigated success of his podcast’s embedding in social media and online social networking services. Primarily at stake was the status of the show’s Facebook group which apparently takes too much time to manage and hasn’t increased in membership. But Boyd also made some intriguing comments about other dimensions of the show’s online presence. (If the show were using a Creative Commons license, I’d reproduce these comments here.) Though it wasn’t that explicit, I interpreted Boyd’s comments to imply that the show’s participants would probably welcome feedback. As giving feedback is an essential part of social media, I thought it appropriate to publish my own raw notes about what I perceived to be the main reasons behind the show’s alleged lack of success in social media spheres. Let it be noted that, prior to hearing Boyd’s comments, I had no idea what WTP’s status was in terms of social media and social networks. After subscribing to the podcast, the only thing I knew about the show was from the content of those few podcast episodes. Because the show doesn’t go the “meta” route very often (“the show about the show”), my understanding of that podcast was, really, very limited. My raw notes were set in a tone which is quite unusual for me. In a way, I was “trying it out.” The same tone is used by a lot of friends and acquaintances and, though I have little problem with the individuals who take this tone, I do react a bit negatively when I hear/see it used. For lack of a better term, I’d call it a “scoffing tone.” Not unrelated to the “curmudgeon phase” I described on the same day. But still a bit different. More personalized, in fact. This tone often sounds incredibly dismissive. Yet, when you discuss its target with people who used it, it seems to be “nothing more than a tone.” When people (or cats) use “EPIC FAIL!” as a response to someone’s troubles, they’re not really being mean. They merely use the conventions of a speech community. Ok, I might be giving these people too much credit. But this tone is so prevalent online that I can’t assume these people have extremely bad intentions. Besides, I can understand the humour in schadenfreude. And I’d hate to use flat-out insults to describe such a large group of people. Even though I do kind of like the self-deprecation made possible by the fact that I adopted the same behaviour. Whee! So, the power of social media… The tone I’m referring to is common in social media, especially in replies, reactions, responses, comments, feedback. Though I react negatively to that tone, I’m getting to understand its power. At the very least, it makes people react. And it seems to be very straightforward (though I think it’s easily misconstrued). And this tone’s power is but one dimension of the power of social media. Now, going back to the WTP situation. After posting my raw notes about WTP’s social media issues, I went my merry way. At the back of my mind was this nagging suspicion that my tone would be misconstrued. But instead of taking measures to ensure that my post would have no negative impact (by changing the phrasing or by prefacing it with more tactful comments), I decided to leave it as is. Is «Rien ne va plus, les jeux sont faits» a corrolary to the RERO mantra? While I was writing my post, I added all the WTP-related items I could find to my lists: I joined WTP’s apparently-doomed Facebook group, I started following @worldstechpod on Twitter, I added two separate WTP-related blogs to my blogroll… Once I found out what WTP’s online presence was like, I did these few things that any social media fan usually does. “Giving the podcast some love” is the way some social media people might put it. One interesting effect of my move is that somebody at WTP (probably Clark Boyd) apparently saw my Twitter add and (a few hours after the fact) reciprocated by following me on Twitter. Because I thought feedback about WTP’s social media presence had been requested, I took the opportunity to send a link to my blogpost about WTP with an extra comment about my tone. To which the @worldstechpod twittername replied with: @enkerli right, well you took your best shot at me, I’ll give you that. thanks a million. and no, your tone wasn’t “miscontrued” at all. Call me “naïve” but I interpreted this positively and I even expressed relief. Turns out, my interpretation was wrong as this is what WTP replied: @enkerli well, it’s a perfect tone for trashing someone else’s work. thanks. I may be naïve but I did understand that the last “thanks” was meant as sarcasm. Took me a while but I got it. And I reinterpreted WTP’s previous tweet as sarcastic as well. Now, if I had read more of WTP’s tweets, I would have understood the “WTP online persona.” For instance, here’s the tweet announcing the latest WTP episode: WTP 209 — yet another exercise in utter futility! hurrah! — http://ping.fm/QjkDX Not to mention this puzzling and decontextualized tweet: and you make me look like an idiot. thanks! Had I paid attention to the @worldstechpod archive, I would even have been able to predict how my blogpost would be interpreted. Especially given this tweet: OK. Somebody school me. Why can I get no love for the WTP on Facebook? Had I noticed that request, I would have realized that my blogpost would most likely be interpreted as an attempt at “schooling” somebody at WTP. I would have also realized that tweets on the WTP account on Twitter were written by a single individual. Knowing myself, despite my attempt at throwing caution to the wind, I probably would have refrained from posting my WTP comments or, at the very least, I would have rephrased the whole thing. I’m still glad I didn’t. Yes, I (unwittingly) “touched a nerve.” Yes, I apparently angered someone I’ve never met (and there’s literally nothing I hate more than angering someone). But I still think the whole situation is leading to something beneficial. Here’s why… After that sarcastic tweet about my blogpost, Clark Boyd (because it’s now clear he’s the one tweeting @worldstechpod) sent the following request through Twitter: rebuttal, anyone? i can’t do it without getting fired. — http://ping.fm/o71wL The first effect of this request was soon felt right here on my blog. That reaction was, IMHO, based on a misinterpretation of my words. In terms of social media, this kind of reaction is “fair game.” Or, to use a social media phrase: “it’s alll good.” I hadn’t noticed Boyd’s request for rebuttal. I was assuming that there was a connection between somebody at the show and the fact that this first comment appeared on my blog, but I thought it was less direct than this. Now, it’s possible that there wasn’t any connection between that first “rebuttal” and Clark Boyd’s request through Twitter. But the simplest explanation seems to me to be that the blog comment was a direct result of Clark Boyd’s tweet. After that initial blog rebuttal, I received two other blog comments which I consider more thoughtful and useful than the earliest one (thanks to the time delay?). The second comment on my post was from a podcaster (Brad P. from N.J.), but it was flagged for moderation because of the links it contained. It’s a bit unfortunate that I didn’t see this comment on time because it probably would have made me understand the situation a lot more quickly. In his comment, Brad P. gives some context for Clark Boyd’s podcast. What I thought was the work of a small but efficient team of producers and journalists hired by a major media corporation to collaborate with a wider public (à la Search Engine Season I) now sounds more like the labour of love from an individual journalist with limited support from a cerberus-like major media institution. I may still be off, but my original impression was “wronger” than this second one. The other blog comment, from Dutch blogger and Twitter @Niels, was chronologically the one which first made me realize what was wrong with my post. Niels’s comment is a very effective mix of thoughtful support for some of my points and thoughtful criticism of my post’s tone. Nice job! It actually worked in showing me the error of my ways. All this to say that I apologise to Mr. Clark Boyd for the harshness of my comments about his show? Not really. I already apologised publicly. And I’ve praised Boyd for both his use of Facebook and of Twitter. What is it, then? Well, this post is a way for me to reflect on the power of social media. Boyd talked about social media and online social networks. I’ve used social media (my main blog) to comment on the presence of Boyd’s show in social media and social networking services. Boyd then used social media (Twitter) to not only respond to me but to launch a “rebuttal campaign” about my post. He also made changes to his show’s online presence on a social network (Facebook) and used social media (Twitter) to advertise this change. And I’ve been using social media (Twitter and this blog) to reflect on social media (the “meta” aspect is quite common), find out more about a tricky situation (Twitter), and “spread the word” about PRI’s The World: Technology Podcast (Facebook, blogroll, Twitter). Sure, I got some egg on my face, some feathers have been ruffled, and Clark Boyd might consider me a jerk. But, perhaps unfortunately, this is often the way social media works. Heartfelt thanks to Clark Boyd for his help. Author enkerliPosted on September 8, 2008 December 5, 2008 Categories acquaintances, advice, arrogance, audience, blog comments, bloggers, Blogging, blogosphere, CBC, cluefulness, Clueing, comment-fishing, commenting, community-building, confessions, Creative Commons, cultural awareness, friendliness, geek crowd, geek culture, humour, Institutions, ivory tower, journalism, linkfest, mass media, media, mediascape, mindshare, naïve, naïveté, new media, participatory culture, playfulness, podcasting, podcasts, praises, radio, ramblings, shameless plug, soapbox, social dynamics, social networking, social networks, social publishing, writing styleTags avoiding flamewars, BBC, Clark Boyd, communication breakdowns, conflict-avoidance, curmudgeon phase, decontextualized discussions, Discovery Channel, dismissiveness, Ethnography, flamewars, good intentions, idioms, indirection, insults, meanness, misunderstandings, online persona, patronizing, personal development, PRI, Public Radio International, ruffled feathers, sarcasm, schadenfreude, scoffing, Search Engine, self-deprecating humour, self-referential, sensitivity, social conventions, social media, social networking services, social norms, speech communities, The World Technology Podcast, thoughtfulness, throwing caution to the wind, tone, Twitter, voice5 Comments on Apologies and Social Media: A Follow-Up on PRI’s WTP Why Is PRI’s The World Having Social Media Issues? Some raw notes on why PRI’S The World (especially “The World Tech Podcast” or WTP) is having issues with social media. It may sound bad, for many reasons. But I won’t adapt the tone. No offense intended. Thing is, I don’t really care about WTP, The World, or even the major media outlets behind them (PRI, BBC, Discovery). Reason for those notes: WTP host Clark Boyd mentioned that their social media strategy wasn’t working as well as they expected. Seemed like a nice opportunity to think about social media failures from mainstream media outlets. My list of reasons is not exhaustive and it’s not really in order of importance. Social media works best when people contribute widely. In other words, a podcaster (or blogger, etc.) who contributes to somebody else’s podcast (blog, etc.) is likely to attract the kind of mindshare afforded social media outlets. Case in point, I learnt about WTP through Erik Hersman because Afrigadget was able to post WTP content. A more efficient strategy is to actually go and contribute to other people’s social media. The easiest way to do it is to link to other people, especially other blogs. Embedding a YouTube video can have some effects but a good ol’ trackback is so much more effective. In terms of attention economy, the currency is, well, attention: you need to pay attention to others! Clark Boyd says WTP isn’t opposed to interacting with listeners. Nice… Yet, there hasn’t been any significant move toward interaction with listeners. Not even “letters to the editor” which could be read on the radio programme. No button to leave audio feedback. Listeners who feel they’re recognized as being interesting are likely to go the social media route. While it’s a technology podcast, WTP is formatted as a straightforward radio news bulletin. “Stories” are strung together in a seamless fashion, most reports follow a very standard BBC format, there are very few “conversations” with non-journalists (interviews don’t count as conversations)… Such shows tend not to attract the same crowd as typical social media formats do. So WTP probably attracts a radio crowd and radio crowds aren’t necessarily that engaged in social media. Unless there’s a compelling reason to engage, but that’s not the issue I want to address. What’s probably the saddest part is that The World ostensibly has a sort of global mission. Of course, they’re limited by language. But their coverage is even more Anglo-American than it needs to be. A far cry from Global Voices (and even GV tends to be somewhat Anglophone-centric). The fact that WTP is part of The World (which is itself produced/supported by PRI, BBC, and Discovery) is an issue, in terms of social media. Especially given the fact that WTP-specific information is difficult to find. WTP is probably the one part of The World which is savvy to social media so the difficulty of finding WTP is made even more noticeable by the lack of a dedicated website. WTP does have its own blog. But here’s how it shows up: Discovery News: Etherized. The main URL given for this blog? <tinyurl.com/wtpblog> Slightly better than <http://tinyurl.com/6g3me9&gt; (which also points to the same place). But very forgettable. No branding, no notion of an autonomous entity, little personality. Speaking of personality, the main show’s name sounds problematic: The World. Not the most unique name in the world! 😉 On WTP, correspondents and host often use “the world” to refer to their main show. Not only is it confusing but it tends to sound extremely pretentious. And pretention is among the trickiest attitudes in social media. A strange dimension of WTP’s online presence is that it isn’t integrated. For instance, their main blog doesn’t seem to have direct links to its Twitter and Facebook profiles. As we say in geek circles: FAIL! To make matters worse, WTP is considering pulling off its Facebook page. As Facebook pages require zero maintenance and may bring help listeners associate themselves with the show, I have no idea why they would do such a thing. I’m actually having a very hard time finding that page, which might explain why it has had zero growth in the recent past. (Those who found it originally probably had friends who were adding it. Viral marketing works in bursts.) WTP host Clark Boyd doesn’t seem to have a public profile on Facebook. Facebook searches for WTP and “The World Tech Podcast” don’t return obvious results. Oh! There you go. I found the link to that Facebook page: <http://www.new.facebook.com/home.php#/group.php?gid=2411818715&ref=ts&gt;. Yes, the link they give is directly to the new version of Facebook. Yes, it has extra characters. No, it’s not linked in an obvious fashion. That link was hidden in the August 22 post on WTP’s blog. But because every post has a link with “Share on Facebook” text, searching the page for “Facebook” returns all blogposts on the same page (not to mention the “Facebook” category for posts, in the right-hand sidebar). C’mon, folks! How about a Facebook badge? It’s free and it works! Oh, wait! It’s not even a Facebook page! It’s a Facebook group! The difference between group and page seems quite small to the naked eye but ever since Fb came out with pages (a year or so ago), most people have switched from groups to pages. That might be yet another reason why WTP isn’t getting its “social media cred.” Not to mention that maintaining a Facebook group implies just a bit of time and doesn’t tend to provide direct results. Facebook groups may work well with preestablished groups but they’re not at all effective at bringing together disparate people to discuss diverse issues. Unless you regularly send messages to group members which is the best way to annoy people and generate actual animosity against the represented entity. On that group, I eventually learn that WTP host Clark Boyd has his own WTP-themed blog. In terms of social media, the fact that I only found that blog after several steps indicates a broader problem, IMHO. And speaking of Clark Boyd… He’s most likely a great person and an adept journalist. But is WTP his own personal podcast with segments from his parent entity or is WTP, like the unfortunately defunct Search Engine, a work of collaboration? If the latter is true, why is Boyd alone between segments in the podcast, why is his picture the only one of the WTP blog, and why is his name the domain for the WTP-themed blog on WordPress.com? Again, no offence. But I just don’t grok WTP. There’s one trap I’m glad WTP can avoid. I won’t describe it too much for fear that it will represent the main change in strategy. Not because I get the impression I may have an impact. But, in attention economy, “the squeaky wheel gets the grease.” Oops! I said too much… 😦 I said I don’t care about WTP. It’s still accurate. But I do care about some of the topics covered by WTP. I wish there were more social media with a modicum of cultural awareness. In this sense, WTP is a notch above Radio Open Source and a few notches below Global Voices. But the podcast for Global Voices may have podfaded and Open Source sounds increasingly U.S.-centric. Ah, well… Author enkerliPosted on September 6, 2008 September 6, 2008 Categories arrogance, audience, audio, blog comments, blogosphere, CBC, cluefulness, Clueing, comment-fishing, community-building, cultural awareness, customer service, geek crowd, geek culture, globalisation, Institutions, journalism, marketing, Marshall McLuhan, mass media, media, mediascape, mindshare, new media, online communities, podcasting, ramblings, rants, social, social butterfly effect, social capital, social networks, social publishing, Tech, wishlists, WordPress.com, YouTubeTags advice, Afrigadget, Anglo-American, Anglocentrism, BBC, Christopher Lydon, Clark Boyd, correspondents, Discovery Channel, Erik Hersman, Ethan Zuckerman, Facebook groups, Facebook pages, geek cred, Global Voices, humour, Jesse Brown, newsradio, Old Media, podfading, PRI, Radio Open Source, Search Engine CBC, social media, The World (PRI), TinyURL, troubleshooting approach7 Comments on Why Is PRI’s The World Having Social Media Issues? Éloge de la courtoisie en-ligne Nous y voilà! Après avoir terminé mon billet sur le contact social, j’ai reçu quelques commentaires et eu d’autres occasions de réfléchir à la question. Ce billet faisait suite à une interaction spécifique que j’ai vécue hier mais aussi à divers autres événements. En écrivant ce billet sur le contact social, j’ai eu l’idée (peut-être saugrenue) d’écrire une liste de «conseils d’ami» pour les gens qui désirent me contacter. Contrairement à mon attitude habituelle, j’ai rédigé cette liste dans un mode assez impératif et télégraphique. C’est peut-être contraire à mon habitude, mais c’est un exercice intéressant à faire, dans mon cas. Bien qu’énoncés sur un ton quasi-sentencieux, ces conseils se veulent être des idées de base avec lesquelles je travaille quand on me sollicite (ce qui arrive plusieurs fois par jour). C’est un peu ma façon de dire: je suis très facile à contacter mais voici ce que je considère comme étant des bonnes et mauvaises idées dans une procédure de contact. Ça vaut pour mes lecteurs ici, pour mes étudiants (avant que je aie rencontrés), pour des contacts indirects, etc. Pour ce qui est du «contact social», je parlais d’un contexte plus spécifique que ce que j’ai laissé entendre. Un des problèmes, c’est que même si j’ai de la facilité à décrire ce contexte, j’ai de la difficulté à le nommer d’une façon qui soit sans équivoque. C’est un des mondes auxquels je participe et il est lié à l’«écosystème geek». En parlant de «célébrité» dans le billet sur le contact social, je faisais référence à une situation assez précise qui est celle de la vie publique de certaines des personnes qui passent le plus clair de leur temps en-ligne. Les limites sont pas très claires mais c’est un groupe de quelques millions de personnes, dont plusieurs Anglophones des États-Unis, qui entrent dans une des logiques spécifiques de la socialisation en-ligne. Des gens qui vivent et qui oeuvrent dans le média social, le marketing social, le réseau social, la vie sociale médiée par les communications en-ligne, etc. Des «socialiseurs alpha», si on veut. C’est pas un groupe homogène, loi de là. Mais c’est un groupe qui a ses codes, comme tout groupe social. Certains individus enfreignent les règles et ils sont ostracisés, parfois sans le savoir. Ce qui me permet de parler de courtoisie. Un des trucs dont on parle beaucoup dans nos cours d’introduction, en anthropologie culturelle, c’est la diversité des normes de politesse à l’échelle humaine. Pas parce que c’est une partie essentielle de nos recherches, mais c’est souvent une façon assez efficace de faire comprendre des concepts de base à des gens qui n’ont pas (encore) de formation ethnographique ou de regard anthropologique. C’est encore plus efficace dans le cas d’étudiants qui ont déjà été formés dans une autre discipline et qui ont parfois tendance à ramener les concepts à leur expérience personnelle (ce qui, soit dit en passant, est souvent une bonne stratégie d’apprentissage quand elle est bien appliquée). L’idée de base, c’est qu’il n’y a pas d’«universal», de la politesse (malgré ce que disent Brown et Levinson). Il n’y a pas de règle universelle de politesse qui vaut pour l’ensemble de la population humaine, peu importe la distance temporelle ou culturelle. Chaque contexte culturel est bourré de règles de politesse, très souvent tacites, mais elles ne sont pas identiques d’un contexte à l’autre. Qui plus est, la même règle, énoncée de la même façon, a souvent des applications et des implications très différentes d’un contexte à l’autre. Donc, en contexte, il faut savoir se plier. En classe, il y en a toujours pour essayer de trouver des exceptions à cette idée de base. Mais ça devient un petit jeu semi-compétitif plutôt qu’un réel processus de compréhension. D’après moi, ç’a un lien avec ce que les pédagogues anglophones appellent “Ways of Knowing”. Ce sont des gens qui croient encore qu’il n’existe qu’une vérité que le prof est en charge de dévoiler. Avec eux, il y a plusieurs étapes à franchir mais ils finissent parfois par passer à une compréhension plus souple de la réalité. Donc, une fois qu’on peut travailler avec cette idée de base sur la non-universalité de règles de politesse spécifiques, on peut travailler avec des contextes dans lesquelles la politesse fonctionne. Et elle l’est fonctionnelle! Mes «conseils d’ami» et mon «petit guide sur le contact social en-ligne» étaient à inscrire dans une telle optique. Mon erreur est de n’avoir pas assez décrit le contexte en question. Si on pense à la notion de «blogosphère», on a déjà une idée du contexte. Pas des blogueurs isolés. Une sphère sociale qui est concentrée autour du blogue. Ces jours-ci, à part le blogue, il y a d’autres plates-formes à travers lesquelles les gens dont je parle entretiennent des rapports sociaux plus ou moins approfondis. Le micro-blogue comme Identi.ca et Twitter, par exemple. Mais aussi des réseaux sociaux comme Facebook ou même un service de signets sociaux comme Digg. C’est un «petit monde», mais c’est un groupe assez influent, puisqu’il lie entre eux beaucoup d’acteurs importants d’Internet. C’est un réseau tentaculaire, qui a sa présence dans divers milieux. C’est aussi, et c’est là que mes propos peuvent sembler particulièrement étranges, le «noyau d’Internet», en ce sens que ce sont des membres de ce groupe qui ont un certain contrôle sur plusieurs des choses qui se passent en-ligne. Pour utiliser une analogie qui date de l’ère nationale-industrielle (le siècle dernier), c’est un peu comme la «capitale» d’Internet. Ou, pour une analogie encore plus vieillotte, c’est la «Métropole» de l’Internet conçu comme Empire. Donc, pour revenir à la courtoisie… La spécificité culturelle du groupe dont je parle a créé des tas de trucs au cours des années, y compris ce qu’ils ont appelé la «Netiquette» (de «-net» pour «Internet» et «étiquette»). Ce qui peut contribuer à rendre mes propos difficiles à saisir pour ceux qui suivent une autre logique que la mienne, c’est que tout en citant (et apportant du support à) certaines composantes de cette étiquette, je la remets en contexte. Personnellement, je considère cette étiquette très valable dans le contexte qui nous préoccupe et j’affirme mon appartenance à un groupe socio-culturel précis qui fait partie de l’ensemble plus vaste auquel je fais référence. Mais je conserve mon approche ethnographique. La Netiquette est si bien «internalisée» par certains qu’elles semblent provenir du sens commun (le «gros bon sens» dont je parlais hier). C’est d’ailleurs, d’après moi, ce qui explique certaines réactions très vives au bris d’étiquette: «comment peux-tu contrevenir à une règle aussi simple que celle de donner un titre clair à ton message?» (avec variantes plus insultantes). Comme j’ai tenté de l’expliquer en contexte semi-académique, une des bases du conflit en-ligne (la “flame war”), c’est la difficulté de se ressaisir après un bris de communication. Le bris de communication, on le tient pour acquis, il se produit de toutes façons. Mais c’est la façon de réétablir la communication qui change tout. De la même façon, c’est pas tant le bris d’étiquette qui pose problème. Du moins, pas l’occasion spécifique de manquement à une règle précise. C’est la dynamique qui s’installe suite à de nombreux manquements aux «règles de base» de la vie sociale d’un groupe précis. L’effet immédiat, c’est le découpage du ‘Net en plus petites factions. Et, personnellement, je trouve dommage ce fractionnement, cette balkanisation. Qui plus est, c’est dans ce contexte que, malgré mon relativisme bien relatif, j’assigne le terme «éthique» à mon hédonisme. Pas une éthique absolue et rigide. Mais une orientation vers la bonne entente sociale. Qu’on me comprenne bien (ça serait génial!), je me plains pas du comportement des gens, je ne jugent pas ceux qui se «comportent mal» ou qui enfreignent les règles de ce monde dans lequel je vis. Mais je trouve utile de parler de cette dynamique. Thérapeutique, même. La raison spécifique qui m’a poussé à écrire ce billet, c’est que deux des commentaires que j’ai reçu suite à mes billets d’hier ont fait appel (probablement sans le vouloir) au «je fais comme ça me plaît et ça dérange personne». Là où je me sens presqu’obligé de dire quelque-chose, c’est que le «ça dérange personne» me semblerait plutôt myope dans un contexte où les gens ont divers liens entre eux. Désolé si ça choque, mais je me fais le devoir d’être honnête. D’ailleurs, je crois que c’est la logique du «troll», ce personnage du ‘Net qui prend un «malin plaisir» à bousculer les gens sur les forums et les blogues. C’est aussi la logique du type macho qui se plaît à dire: «Je pince les fesses des filles. Dix-neuf fois sur 20, je reçois une baffe. Mais la vingtième, c’est la bonne». Personnellement, outre le fait que je sois féministe, j’ai pas tant de problèmes que ça avec cette idée quand il s’agit d’un contexte qui le permet (comme la France des années 1990, où j’ai souvent entendu ce genre de truc). Mais là où ça joue pas, d’après moi, c’est quand cette attitude est celle d’un individu qui se meut dans un contexte où ce genre de chose est très mal considéré (par exemple, le milieu cosmopolite contemporain en Amérique du Nord). Au niveau individuel, c’est peut-être pas si bête. Mais au niveau social, ça fait pas preuve d’un sens éthique très approfondi. Pour revenir au «troll». Ce personnage quasi-mythique génère une ambiance très tendue, en-ligne. Individuellement, il peut facilement considérer qu’il est «dans son droit» et que ses actions n’ont que peu de conséquences négatives. Mais, ce qui se remarque facilement, c’est que ce même individu tolère mal le comportement des autres. Il se débat «comme un diable dans le bénitier», mais c’est souvent lui qui «sème le vent» et «récolte la tempête». Un forum sans «troll», c’est un milieu très agréable, “nurturing”. Mais il n’est besoin que d’un «troll» pour démolir l’atmosphère de bonne entente. Surtout si les autres membres du groupes réagissent trop fortement. D’ailleurs, ça me fait penser à ceux qui envoient du pourriel et autres Plaies d’Internet. Ils ont exactement la logique du pinceur de femmes, mais menée à l’extrême. Si aussi peu que 0.01% des gens acceptent le message indésirable, ils pourront en tirer un certain profit à peu d’effort, peu importe ce qui affecte 99.99% des récipiendaires. Tant qu’il y aura des gens pour croire à leurs balivernes ou pour ouvrir des fichiers attachés provenant d’inconnus, ils auront peut-être raison à un niveau assez primaire («j’ai obtenu ce que je voulais sans me forcer»). Mais c’est la société au complet qui en souffre. Surtout quand on parle d’une société aussi diversifiée et complexe que celle qui vit en-ligne. C’est intéressant de penser au fait que la culture en-ligne anglophone accorde une certaine place à la notion de «karma». Depuis une expression désignant une forme particulière de causalité à composante spirituelle, cette notion a pris, dans la culture geek, un acception spécifique liée au mérite relatif des propos tenus en-ligne, surtout sur le vénérable site Slashdot. Malgré le glissement de sens de causalité «mystique» à évaluation par les pairs, on peut lier les deux concepts dans une idée du comportement optimal pour la communication en-ligne: la courtoisie. Les Anglophones ont tendance à se fier, sans les nommer ou même les connaître, aux maximes de Grice. J’ai beau percevoir qu’elles ne sont pas universelles, j’y vois un intérêt particulier dans le contexte autour duquel je tourne. L’idée de base, comme le diraient Wilson et Sperber, est que «tout acte de communication ostensive communique la présomption de sa propre pertinence optimale». Cette pertinence optimale est liée à un processus à la fois cognitif et communicatif qui fait appel à plusieurs des notions élaborées par Grice et par d’autres philosophes du langage. Dans le contexte qui m’intéresse, il y a une espèce de jeu entre deux orientations qui font appel à la même notion de pertinence: l’orientation individuelle («je m’exprime») souvent légaliste-réductive («j’ai bien le droit de m’exprimer») et l’orientation sociale («nous dialoguons») souvent éthique-idéaliste («le fait de dialoguer va sauver le monde»). Aucun mystère sur mon orientation préférée… Par contre, faut pas se leurrer: le fait d’être courtois, en-ligne, a aussi des effets positifs au niveau purement individuel. En étant courtois, on se permet très souvent d’obtenir de réels bénéfices, qui sont parfois financiers (c’est comme ça qu’on m’a payé un iPod touch). Je parle pas d’une causalité «cosmique» mais bien d’un processus précis par lequel la bonne entente génère directement une bonne ambiance. Bon, évidemment, je semble postuler ma propre capacité à être courtois. Il m’arrive en fait très souvent de me faire désigner comme étant très (voire trop) courtois. C’est peut-être réaliste, comme description, même si certains ne sont peut-être pas d’accord. À vous de décider. Author enkerliPosted on August 12, 2008 December 5, 2008 Categories acquaintances, activism, adaptation, advice, amis, arrogance, audience, comment-fishing, connaissances (acquaintances), cultural awareness, cultural capital, cultural diversity, cultural identity, culture, ethics, ethnocentrism, expertise, français, Francophonie, friendliness, friendship, geek crowd, geek culture, hedonism, hegemony, humanism, individualism, joie de vivre, naïveté, openness, optimism, Personnel, ramblings, rants, réseaux sociaux, relativism, respect, shameless plug, soapbox, social, social butterflies, social butterfly effect, social capital, social change, social contract, social dynamics, social mobility, social networking, social networks, social publishing, social support systems, sociocentrism, success in life, trusting peopleTags Anglophones, appât du gain, écosystème geek, égoïsme, balkanisation, benevolent dictatorship, blogosphere, bonne entente, bris de communication, capitale d'Internet, célébrité, contact social, contextuel, contrat social, courtoisie, Dan Sperber, déterminisme, Deirdre Wilson, dialogue, Digg, Dix Grandes Plaies d'Internet, Empire Internet, enculturation, ethnographie, etiquette, expression individuelle, Facebook, féminisme, flame wars, fractionnement, France, geek niche, greed, Grice, honnêteté, Identi.ca, influence, Internet core, karma, machisme, maximes, Métropole d'Internet, micro-blogue, netiquette, noyau d'Internet, ostracisme, pacifisme, paix, Paul Grice, pertinence, politesse, pourriel, protocole, règles, sens commun, signets sociaux, Slashdot, social bookmarking, socialisation, socialiseurs, sollicitation, théorie de la pertinence, tolerance, troll, trolls, Twitter, vie publique, Ways of Knowing, Wilson and Sperber6 Comments on Éloge de la courtoisie en-ligne Enthused Tech Yesterday, I held a WiZiQ session on the use of online tech in higher education: Enthusing Higher Education: Getting Universities and Colleges to Play with Online Tools and Services Slideshare (Full multimedia recording available here) During the session, Nellie Deutsch shared the following link: Diffusion of Innovations, by Everett Rogers (1995) Haven’t read Rogers’s book but it sounds like a contextually easy to understand version of ideas which have been quite clear in Boasian disciplines (cultural anthropology, folkloristics, cultural ecology…) for a while. But, in this sometimes obsessive quest for innovation, it might in fact be useful to go back to basic ideas about the social mechanisms which can be observed in the adoption of new tools and techniques. It’s in fact the thinking behind this relatively recent blogpost of mine: Technology Adoption and Active Reading My emphasis during the WiZiQ session was on enthusiasm. I tend to think a lot about occasions in which, thinking about possibilities afforded technology relates to people getting “psyched up.” In a way, this is exactly how I can define myself as a tech enthusiast: I get easy psyched up in the context of discussions about technology. What’s funny is that I’m no gadget freak. I don’t care about the tool. I just love to dream up possibilities. And I sincerely think that I’m not alone. We might even guess that a similar dream-induced excitement animates true gadget freaks, who must have the latest tool. Early adopters are a big part of geek culture and, though still small, geek culture is still a niche. Because I know I’ll keep on talking about these things on other occasions, I can “leave it at that,” for now. RERO‘s my battle cry. TBC Author enkerliPosted on July 26, 2008 Categories Anthropology, audience, cluefulness, Clueing, comment-fishing, confessions, constructivism, creativity, critical thinking, cultural anthropology, digital lifestyle, Empowerment, enthusiasm, Ethnography, expertise, fieldwork, folkloristics, geek culture, hedonism, innovation, linkfest, online communication, playfulness, pleasure, product and process, qualitative research, quickies, ramblings, shameless plug, soapbox, social change, Tech, techno enthusiasts, technology, TEDtalks, trendsTags A.L. Kroeber, cultural ecology, Diffusion of Innovations, diffusionism, Education, Everett Rogers, Franz Boas, geek niche, higher education, Humanities, learners, Learning, Marxianism, memes, memetic marketplaces, Nellie Deutsch, RERO, SlideShare, social sciences, TBC, teachers, Teaching, tech support, Technology adoption, technology integration, WiZiQ1 Comment on Enthused Tech The Need for Social Science in Social Web/Marketing/Media (Draft) [Been sitting on this one for a little while. Better RERO it, I guess.] Sticking My Neck Out (Executive Summary) I think that participants in many technology-enthusiastic movements which carry the term “social” would do well to learn some social science. Furthermore, my guess is that ethnographic disciplines are very well-suited to the task of teaching participants in these movements something about social groups. Disclaimer Despite the potentially provocative title and my explicitly stating a position, I mostly wish to think out loud about different things which have been on my mind for a while. I’m not an “expert” in this field. I’m just a social scientist and an ethnographer who has been observing a lot of things online. I do know that there are many experts who have written many great books about similar issues. What I’m saying here might not seem new. But I’m using my blog as a way to at least write down some of the things I have in mind and, hopefully, discuss these issues thoughtfully with people who care. Also, this will not be a guide on “what to do to be social-savvy.” Books, seminars, and workshops on this specific topic abound. But my attitude is that every situation needs to be treated in its own context, that cookie-cutter solutions often fail. So I would advise people interested in this set of issues to train themselves in at least a little bit of social science, even if much of the content of the training material seems irrelevant. Discuss things with a social scientist, hire a social scientist in your business, take a course in social science, and don’t focus on advice but on the broad picture. Really. Clarification Though they are all different, enthusiastic participants in “social web,” “social marketing,” “social media,” and other “social things online” do have some commonalities. At the risk of angering some of them, I’m lumping them all together as “social * enthusiasts.” One thing I like about the term “enthusiast” is that it can apply to both professional and amateurs, to geeks and dabblers, to full-timers and part-timers. My target isn’t a specific group of people. I just observed different things in different contexts. Links Shameless Self-Promotion A few links from my own blog, for context (and for easier retrieval): “Social Butterfly Effect”: More Than a Silly Pun? Swiss Made Smiling Technology Adoption and Active Reading Handhelds for the Rest of Us? Shameless Cross-Promotion A few links from other blogs, to hopefully expand context (and for easier retrieval): the cluetrain manifesto Raising standards — by lowering them Web 2.0 != AJAX Qu’est ce que l’autorité cognitive Les 6 cultures d’Internet Dare Obasanjo aka Carnage4Life – Note to Web 2.0 Companies: Early Adopters are not the Mass Market Perspective 2.0: The emperor has designer clothes Dissemination of Knowledge Some raw notes Insight Cluefulness Openness Freedom Transparency Unintended uses Constructivism Empowerment Disruptive technology Innovation Creative thinking Critical thinking Technology adoption Early adopters Late adopters Forced adoption OLPC XO OLPC XOXO Attitudes to change Conservatism Luddites Activism Impatience Windmills and shelters Niche thinking Geek culture Groupthink Idea horizon Intersubjectivity Influence Sphere of influence Influence network Social butterfly effect Cog in a wheel Social networks Acephalous groups Ego-based groups Non-hierarchical groups Mutual influences Network effects Risk-taking Low-stakes Trial-and-error Transparency Ethnography Epidemiology of ideas Neural networks Cognition and communication Wilson and Sperber Relevance Global Glocal Regional City-State Fluidity Consensus culture Organic relationships Establishing rapport Buzzwords Viral Social Meme Memetic marketplace Meta Target audience Let’s Give This a Try The Internet is, simply, a network. Sure, technically it’s a meta-network, a network of networks. But that is pretty much irrelevant, in social terms, as most networks may be analyzed at different levels as containing smaller networks or being parts of larger networks. The fact remains that the ‘Net is pretty easy to understand, sociologically. It’s nothing new, it’s just a textbook example of something social scientists have been looking at for a good long time. Though the Internet mostly connects computers (in many shapes or forms, many of them being “devices” more than the typical “personal computer”), the impact of the Internet is through human actions, behaviours, thoughts, and feelings. Sure, we can talk ad nauseam about the technical aspects of the Internet, but these topics have been covered a lot in the last fifteen years of intense Internet growth and a lot of people seem to be ready to look at other dimensions. The category of “people who are online” has expanded greatly, in different steps. Here, Martin Lessard’s description of the Internet’s Six Cultures (Les 6 cultures d’Internet) is really worth a read. Martin’s post is in French but we also had a blog discussion in English, about it. Not only are there more people online but those “people who are online” have become much more diverse in several respects. At the same time, there are clear patterns on who “online people” are and there are clear differences in uses of the Internet. Groups of human beings are the very basic object of social science. Diversity in human groups is the very basis for ethnography. Ethnography is simply the description of (“writing about”) human groups conceived as diverse (“peoples”). As simple as ethnography can be, it leads to a very specific approach to society which is very compatible with all sorts of things relevant to “social * enthusiasts” on- and offline. While there are many things online which may be described as “media,” comparing the Internet to “The Mass Media” is often the best way to miss “what the Internet is all about.” Sure, the Internet isn’t about anything (about from connecting computers which, in turn, connect human beings). But to get actual insight into the ‘Net, one probably needs to free herself/himself of notions relating to “The Mass Media.” Put bluntly, McLuhan was probably a very interesting person and some of his ideas remain intriguing but fallacies abound in his work and the best thing to do with his ideas is to go beyond them. One of my favourite examples of the overuse of “media”-based concepts is the issue of influence. In blogging, podcasting, or selling, the notion often is that, on the Internet as in offline life, “some key individuals or outlets are influential and these are the people by whom or channels through which ideas are disseminated.” Hence all the Technorati rankings and other “viewer statistics.” Old techniques and ideas from the times of radio and television expansion are used because it’s easier to think through advertising models than through radically new models. This is, in fact, when I tend to bring back my explanation of the “social butterfly effect“: quite frequently, “influence” online isn’t through specific individuals or outlets but even when it is, those people are influential through virtue of connecting to diverse groups, not by the number of people they know. There are ways to analyze those connections but “measuring impact” is eventually missing the point. Yes, there is an obvious “qual. vs. quant.” angle, here. A major distinction between non-ethnographic and ethnographic disciplines in social sciences is that non-ethnographic disciplines tend to be overly constrained by “quantitative analysis.” Ultimately, any analysis is “qualitative” but “quantitative methods” are a very small and often limiting subset of the possible research and analysis methods available. Hence the constriction and what some ethnographers may describe as “myopia” on the part of non-ethnographers. Gone Viral The term “viral” is used rather frequently by “social * enthusiasts” online. I happen to think that it’s a fairly fitting term, even though it’s used more by extension than by literal meaning. To me, it relates rather directly to Dan Sperber’s “epidemiological” treatment of culture (see Explaining Culture) which may itself be perceived as resembling Dawkins’s well-known “selfish gene” ideas made popular by different online observers, but with something which I perceive to be (to use simple semiotic/semiological concepts) more “motivated” than the more “arbitrary” connections between genetics and ideas. While Sperber could hardly be described as an ethnographer, his anthropological connections still make some of his work compatible with ethnographic perspectives. Analysis of the spread of ideas does correspond fairly closely with the spread of viruses, especially given the nature of contacts which make transmission possible. One needs not do much to spread a virus or an idea. This virus or idea may find “fertile soil” in a given social context, depending on a number of factors. Despite the disadvantages of extending analogies and core metaphors too far, the type of ecosystem/epidemiology analysis of social systems embedded in uses of the term “viral” do seem to help some specific people make sense of different things which happen online. In “viral marketing,” the type of informal, invisible, unexpected spread of recognition through word of mouth does relate somewhat to the spread of a virus. Moreover, the metaphor of “viral marketing” is useful in thinking about the lack of control the professional marketer may have on how her/his product is perceived. In this context, the term “viral” seems useful. The Social While “viral” seems appropriate, the even more simple “social” often seems inappropriately used. It’s not a ranty attitude which makes me comment negatively on the use of the term “social.” In fact, I don’t really care about the use of the term itself. But I do notice that use of the term often obfuscates what is the obvious social character of the Internet. To a social scientist, anything which involves groups is by definition “social.” Of course, some groups and individuals are more gregarious than others, some people are taken to be very sociable, and some contexts are more conducive to heightened social interactions. But social interactions happen in any context. As an example I used (in French) in reply to this blog post, something as common as standing in line at a grocery store is representative of social behaviour and can be analyzed in social terms. Any Web page which is accessed by anyone is “social” in the sense that it establishes some link, however tenuous and asymmetric, between at least two individuals (someone who created the page and the person who accessed that page). Sure, it sounds like the minimal definition of communication (sender, medium/message, receiver). But what most people who talk about communication seem to forget (unlike Jakobson), is that all communication is social. Sure, putting a comment form on a Web page facilitates a basic social interaction, making the page “more social” in the sense of “making that page easier to use explicit social interaction.” And, of course, adding some features which facilitate the act of sharing data with one’s personal contacts is a step above the contact form in terms of making certain type of social interaction straightforward and easy. But, contrary to what Google Friend Connect implies, adding those features doesn’t suddenly make the site social. The site itself isn’t really social and, assuming some people visited it, there was already a social dimension to it. I’m not nitpicking on word use. I’m saying that using “social” in this way may blind some people to social dimensions of the Internet. And the consequences can be pretty harsh, in some cases, for overlooking how social the ‘Net is. Something similar may be said about the “Social Web,” one of the many definitions of “Web 2.0” which is used in some contexts (mostly, the cynic would say, “to make some tool appear ‘new and improved'”). The Web as a whole was “social” by definition. Granted, it lacked the ease of social interaction afforded such venerable Internet classics as Usenet and email. But it was already making some modes of social interaction easier to perceive. No, this isn’t about “it’s all been done.” It’s about being oblivious to the social potential of tools which already existed. True, the period in Internet history known as “Web 2.0” (and the onset of the Internet’s sixth culture) may be associated with new social phenomena. But there is little evidence that the association is causal, that new online tools and services created a new reality which suddenly made it possible for people to become social online. This is one reason I like Martin Lessard’s post so much. Instead of postulating the existence of a brand new phenomenon, he talks about the conditions for some changes in both Internet use and the form the Web has taken. Again, this isn’t about terminology per se. Substitute “friendly” for “social” and similar issues might come up (friendship and friendliness being disconnected from the social processes which underline them). Adoptive Parents Many “social * enthusiasts” are interested in “adoption.” They want their “things” to be adopted. This is especially visible among marketers but even in social media there’s an issue of “getting people on board.” And some people, especially those without social science training, seem to be looking for a recipe. Problem is, there probably is no such thing as a recipe for technology adoption. Sure, some marketing practises from the offline world may work online. Sometimes, adapting a strategy from the material world to the Internet is very simple and the Internet version may be more effective than the offline version. But it doesn’t mean that there is such a thing as a recipe. It’s a matter of either having some people who “have a knack for this sort of things” (say, based on sensitivity to what goes on online) or based on pure luck. Or it’s a matter of measuring success in different ways. But it isn’t based on a recipe. Especially not in the Internet sphere which is changing so rapidly (despite some remarkably stable features). Again, I’m partial to contextual approaches (“fully-customized solutions,” if you really must). Not just because I think there are people who can do this work very efficiently. But because I observe that “recipes” do little more than sell “best-selling books” and other items. So, what can we, as social scientists, say about “adoption?” That technology is adopted based on the perceived fit between the tools and people’s needs/wants/goals/preferences. Not the simple “the tool will be adopted if there’s a need.” But a perception that there might be a fit between an amorphous set of social actors (people) and some well-defined tools (“technologies”). Recognizing this fit is extremely difficult and forcing it is extremely expensive (not to mention completely unsustainable). But social scientists do help in finding ways to adapt tools to different social situations. Especially ethnographers. Because instead of surveys and focus groups, we challenge assumptions about what “must” fit. Our heads and books are full of examples which sound, in retrospect, as common sense but which had stumped major corporations with huge budgets. (Ask me about McDonald’s in Brazil or browse a cultural anthropology textbook, for more information.) Recently, while reading about issues surrounding the OLPC’s original XO computer, I was glad to read the following: John Heskett once said that the critical difference between invention and innovation was its mass adoption by users. (Niti Bhan The emperor has designer clothes) Not that this is a new idea, for social scientists. But I was glad that the social dimension of technology adoption was recognized. In marketing and design spheres especially, people often think of innovation as individualized. While some individuals are particularly adept at leading inventions to mass adoption (Steve Jobs being a textbook example), “adoption comes from the people.” Yes, groups of people may be manipulated to adopt something “despite themselves.” But that kind of forced adoption is still dependent on a broad acceptance, by “the people,” of even the basic forms of marketing. This is very similar to the simplified version of the concept of “hegemony,” so common in both social sciences and humanities. In a hegemony (as opposed to a totalitarian regime), no coercion is necessary because the logic of the system has been internalized by people who are affected by it. Simple, but effective. In online culture, adept marketers are highly valued. But I’m quite convinced that pre-online marketers already knew that they had to “learn society first.” One thing with almost anything happening online is that “the society” is boundless. Country boundaries usually make very little sense and the social rules of every local group will leak into even the simplest occasion. Some people seem to assume that the end result is a cultural homogenization, thereby not necessitating any adaptation besides the move from “brick and mortar” to online. Others (or the same people, actually) want to protect their “business models” by restricting tools or services based on country boundaries. In my mind, both attitudes are ineffective and misleading. Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child I think the Cluetrain Manifesto can somehow be summarized through concepts of freedom, openness, and transparency. These are all very obvious (in French, the book title is something close to “the evident truths manifesto”). They’re also all very social. Social scientists often become activists based on these concepts. And among social scientists, many of us are enthusiastic about the social changes which are happening in parallel with Internet growth. Not because of technology. But because of empowerment. People are using the Internet in their own ways, the one key feature of the Internet being its lack of centralization. While the lack of centralized control may be perceived as a “bad thing” by some (social scientists or not), there’s little argument that the ‘Net as a whole is out of the control of specific corporations or governments (despite the large degree of consolidation which has happened offline and online). Especially in the United States, “freedom” is conceived as a basic right. But it’s also a basic concept in social analysis. As some put it: “somebody’s rights end where another’s begin.” But social scientists have a whole apparatus to deal with all the nuances and subtleties which are bound to come from any situation where people’s rights (freedom) may clash or even simply be interpreted differently. Again, not that social scientists have easy, ready-made answers on these issues. But we’re used to dealing with them. We don’t interpret freedom as a given. Transparency is fairly simple and relates directly to how people manage information itself (instead of knowledge or insight). Radical transparency is giving as much information as possible to those who may need it. Everybody has a “right to learn” a lot of things about a given institution (instead of “right to know”), when that institution has a social impact. Canada’s Access to Information Act is quite representative of the move to transparency and use of this act has accompanied changes in the ways government officials need to behave to adapt to a relatively new reality. Openness is an interesting topic, especially in the context of the so-called “Open Source” movement. Radical openness implies participation by outsiders, at least in the form of verbal feedback. The cluefulness of “opening yourself to your users” is made obvious in the context of successes by institutions which have at least portrayed themselves as open. What’s in my mind unfortunate is that many institutions now attempt to position themselves on the openness end of the “closed/proprietary to open/responsive” scale without much work done to really open themselves up. Communitas Mottoes, slogans, and maxims like “build it and they will come,” “there’s a sucker born every minute,” “let them have cake,” and “give them what they want” all fail to grasp the basic reality of social life: “they” and “we” are linked. We’re all different and we’re all connected. We all take parts in groups. These groups are all associated with one another. We can’t simply behave the same way with everyone. Identity has two parts: sense of belonging (to an “in-group”) and sense of distinction (from an “out-group”). “Us/Them.” Within the “in-group,” if there isn’t any obvious hierarchy, the sense of belonging can take the form that Victor Turner called “communitas” and which happens in situations giving real meaning to the notion of “community.” “Community of experience,” “community of practise.” Eckert and Wittgenstein brought to online networks. In a community, contacts aren’t always harmonious. But people feel they fully belong. A network isn’t the same thing as a community. The World Is My Oyster Despite the so-called “Digital Divide” (or, more precisely, the maintenance online of global inequalities), the ‘Net is truly “Global.” So is the phone, now that cellphones are accomplishing the “leapfrog effect.” But this one Internet we have (i.e., not Internet2 or other such specialized meta-network) is reaching everywhere through a single set of compatible connections. The need for cultural awareness is increased, not alleviated by online activities. Release Early, Release Often Among friends, we call it RERO. The RERO principle is a multiple-pass system. Instead of waiting for the right moment to release a “perfect product” (say, a blogpost!), the “work in progress” is provided widely, garnering feedback which will be integrated in future “product versions.” The RERO approach can be unnerving to “product developers,” but it has proved its value in online-savvy contexts. I use “product” in a broad sense because the principle applies to diverse contexts. Furthermore, the RERO principle helps shift the focus from “product,” back into “process.” The RERO principle may imply some “emotional” or “psychological” dimensions, such as humility and the acceptance of failure. At some level, differences between RERO and “trial-and-error” methods of development appear insignificant. Those who create something should not expect the first try to be successful and should recognize mistakes to improve on the creative process and product. This is similar to the difference between “rehearsal” (low-stakes experimentation with a process) and “performance” (with responsibility, by the performer, for evaluation by an audience). Though applications of the early/often concept to social domains are mostly satirical, there is a social dimension to the RERO principle. Releasing a “product” implies a group, a social context. The partial and frequent “release” of work to “the public” relates directly to openness and transparency. Frequent releases create a “relationship” with human beings. Sure, many of these are “Early Adopters” who are already overrepresented. But the rapport established between an institution and people (users/clients/customers/patrons…) can be transfered more broadly. Releasing early seems to shift the limit between rehearsal and performance. Instead of being able to do mistakes on your own, your mistakes are shown publicly and your success is directly evaluated. Yet a somewhat reverse effect can occur: evaluation of the end-result becomes a lower-stake rating at different parts of the project because expectations have shifted to the “lower” end. This is probably the logic behind Google’s much discussed propensity to call all its products “beta.” While the RERO principle does imply a certain openness, the expectation that each release might integrate all the feedback “users” have given is not fundamental to releasing early and frequently. The expectation is set by a specific social relationship between “developers” and “users.” In geek culture, especially when users are knowledgeable enough about technology to make elaborate wishlists, the expectation to respond to user demand can be quite strong, so much so that developers may perceive a sense of entitlement on the part of “users” and grow some resentment out of the situation. “If you don’t like it, make it yourself.” Such a situation is rather common in FLOSS development: since “users” have access to the source code, they may be expected to contribute to the development project. When “users” not only fail to fulfil expectations set by open development but even have the gumption to ask developers to respond to demands, conflicts may easily occur. And conflicts are among the things which social scientists study most frequently. Putting the “Capital” Back into “Social Capital” In the past several years, ”monetization” (transforming ideas into currency) has become one of the major foci of anything happening online. Anything which can be a source of profit generates an immediate (and temporary) “buzz.” The value of anything online is measured through typical currency-based economics. The relatively recent movement toward ”social” whatever is not only representative of this tendency, but might be seen as its climax: nowadays, even social ties can be sold directly, instead of being part of a secondary transaction. As some people say “The relationship is the currency” (or “the commodity,” or “the means to an end”). Fair enough, especially if these people understand what social relationships entail. But still strange, in context, to see people “selling their friends,” sometimes in a rather literal sense, when social relationships are conceived as valuable. After all, “selling the friend” transforms that relationship, diminishes its value. Ah, well, maybe everyone involved is just cynical. Still, even their cynicism contributes to the system. But I’m not judging. Really, I’m not. I’m just wondering Anyhoo, the “What are you selling anyway” question makes as much sense online as it does with telemarketers and other greed-focused strangers (maybe “calls” are always “cold,” online). It’s just that the answer isn’t always so clear when the “business model” revolves around creating, then breaking a set of social expectations. Me? I don’t sell anything. Really, not even my ideas or my sense of self. I’m just not good at selling. Oh, I do promote myself and I do accumulate social capital. As social butterflies are wont to do. The difference is, in the case of social butterflies such as myself, no money is exchanged and the social relationships are, hopefully, intact. This is not to say that friends never help me or never receive my help in a currency-friendly context. It mostly means that, in our cases, the relationships are conceived as their own rewards. I’m consciously not taking the moral high ground, here, though some people may easily perceive this position as the morally superior one. I’m not even talking about a position. Just about an attitude to society and to social relationships. If you will, it’s a type of ethnographic observation from an insider’s perspective. Makes sense? Author enkerliPosted on June 11, 2008 December 19, 2008 Categories activism, adaptation, advertising, advice, advocacy, Anth, Anthropology, Apple, applied anthropology, audience, cluefulness, Clueing, clueless, cluetrain, Cluetrain Manifesto, comment-fishing, commodities, communitas, Communities, community-building, consumerism, critical thinking, cultural awareness, cultural capital, cultural diversity, diversity, economics, Empowerment, enthusiasm, Ethnography, expertise, free software, freedom, friendliness, friends, friendship, geek culture, geekness, geeks, globalisation, globalization, glocal, glocalisation, glocalization, Google, groupthink, hegemony, humanism, hype, identity, informal learning, innovation, knowledge, knowledge management, knowledge people, Learning, linkfest, local, market economy, marketing, Marshall McLuhan, mass media, media, mediascape, memes, mindshare, networking, online communities, Open Source Movement, open-source, openness, performance, playfulness, professionals, qualitative research, ramblings, research, shameless plug, social, social butterflies, social butterfly effect, social capital, social change, social contract, social dynamics, social networking, social networks, social software, sociocentrism, specialization, surveys, Tech, techno enthusiasts, technological determinism, technology, Technorati, trends, trusting people, Web 2.0, Web applicationsTags Acephalous groups, activism, Add new tagInsight, advertising, Attitudes to change, Buzzwords, City-State, cluefulness, Cog in a wheel, Cognition and communication, Consensus culture, Conservatism, constructivism, creative thinking, critical thinking, disruptive technology, Early adopters, Ego-based groups, Empowerment, Epidemiology of ideas, Establishing rapport, Ethnography, Fluidity, Forced adoption, freedom, geek culture, global, glocal, groupthink, Idea horizon, Impatience, influence, Influence network, innovation, Intersubjectivity, Late adopters, Low-stakes, Luddites, memes, memetic marketplace, meta, Mutual influences, Network effects, Neural networks, Niche thinking, Non-hierarchical groups, OLPC XO, OLPC XOXO, openness, organic relationships, Regional, relevance, Risk-taking, social, social butterfly effect, social networks, Sphere of influence, Target audience, Technology adoption, transparency, trial and error, unintended uses, viral, Wilson and Sperber, windmills and shelters3 Comments on The Need for Social Science in Social Web/Marketing/Media (Draft) Cultural References and Mass Media An effect of my not having a television is that I occasionally miss “references to popular culture.” Continue reading “Cultural References and Mass Media” Author enkerliPosted on April 5, 2008 April 5, 2008 Categories Academia, arrogance, audience, cultural awareness, cultural capital, cultural diversity, cultural identity, culture, diversity, Ethnography, folkloristics, Francophones, geek culture, glocal, hegemony, intellectuals, personal, personal life, Places, popular culture, ramblings, rants, relativism, social networks, sociocentrism, U.S. exceptionalism, U.S. mediaTags community of experience, core texts, cynicism, enculturation, Firefly, groupthink, knee-jerk reactions, language diversity, mass media, pop culture, rituals, Serenity, shared experience, télévision, xkcd4 Comments on Cultural References and Mass Media Whereami (It’s me, a couple of months ago.) Was editing some older entries with ecto to add categories and tags. Saw this old one (from late March, 2k5) which was meant as an introduction/blurb. Was teaching at IUSB then. Time for an update or three. Since then, been teaching in Massachusetts (BSC and Tufts, during the Fall 2005 semester) and Montreal (Concordia during the Winter/Spring 2006 semester). Came back to Tufts to teach during the first summer session. Currently (06-06-14 13:19:34) in Cambridge, at a condo that belongs to some friends who are spending some time in Paris for academic reasons. So, many of us, in academia, end up moving around quite a bit. Been moving more than twice a year for the last six years. Looking forward to a bit more stability. In fact, because my wife is in Northampton, MA (doing a post-doc at Smith), my time in Massachusetts has typically been divided between the Western part of the state and the Boston area. Speaking of my brilliant wife, she’s in Montreal right now to defend her dissertation! Can’t go myself, because of my course, but it’ll very likely be an extremely good defence (Catherine knows her stuff in and out!). Whew! It’s weird to post entries like these but it’s probably what people expect from blogs. Even wanted to start blogging while in Fredericton, NB, in 2003. Kept sending messages to my wife instead (she was in Moncton, NB at that time). Should eventually report back on some places where my semi-nomadic lifestyle has led me in the past (Somerville, Lausanne, Baguinéda, Bloomington, Sienna, Northampton, Kassela, Zinal, Bamako, Fredericton, Mandelieux, Markala, Edimburg, Moncton, South Bend, Brockton, Hyères, Montreal, and, of course, Poggibonsi). Author enkerliPosted on June 14, 2006 June 14, 2006 Categories Academia, Anthropology, audience, États-Unis, écriture, Blogging, Boston, Chicago, Ethnography, Europe, experience, fieldwork, France, Francophonie, friends, friendship, fun, humanism, identity, Indiana, individualism, local, localization, location-specific, Montreal, naïve, nationalism, New Brunswick, nostalgie, Québec, ramblings, social networks, South Bend, trusting people, United StatesTags auditoire, détente, Fredericton, local network, Massachusetts, Moncton, Northampton, Northern Indiana, Notre-Dame, public diary, Suisse, summer, support system, visiteurs, web logLeave a comment on Whereami Lectorat de blogue Accorde-t-on de l’importance au lectorat de nos blogues? Une réflexion qui date d’un certain temps mais cette liste (humouristique) de mensonges de blogueur (découverte grâce au podcast de Pointblog.com) me pousse à en faire un billet. Accorde-t-on de l’importance au lectorat de nos blogues? Continue reading “Lectorat de blogue” Author enkerliPosted on February 17, 2006 February 17, 2006 Categories audience, écriture, blog, blogue, experimentation, lectorat, soapbox, writingTags auditoire, diary, dilettante, eyeballs, journal, non-professionnel, professionel, public diary, sandboxes, traffic, trafic, visiteurs, web log3 Comments on Lectorat de blogue Disparate Blog at WordPress.com. Privacy & Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use.

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Les matemàtiques formen part de la nostra quotidianitat. Tal com diu Mª Antonia Canals “Les matemàtiques són a tot arreu. No hi ha cap realitat que no tingui quantitats, ni formes ni posició a l’espai, una proporció o uns elements de mesura. Totes les realitats d’aquest món tenen aspectes matemàtics, una lògica interna. I totes les realitats tenen el seu nom”. Partint d’aquesta realitat, el Col·legi Cor de Maria entén les matemàtiques com a part fonamental de l’ensenyament, i és per aquest motiu que un cop a la setmana, tots els nens i nenes d’educació infantil, complementen els seus aprenentatges amb una activitat complementària denominada “Jocs matemàtics”. Començant ja des de P3, els nens i les nenes realitzen jocs matemàtics a través de la manipulació dels blocs lògics. Aquests són un conjunt de figures que podem agrupar segons diferents atributs . Concretament P3 utilitza un conjunt de peces que adopten la forma de la mascota de l’aula en diferents colors (groc, verd, blau i vermell) i mides (gran i petit). A P4 continuen aprenent tot jugant amb els blocs lògics, però en aquest cas, són ja els denominats blocs lògics de Dienes, en els que hi ha quatre formes diferents: quadrat, triangle, cercle i rectangle. Aquestes formes a la vegada són de color blau, vermell i groc. A més poden ser grans, petites i mitjanes. Amb els blocs lògics podem jugar a fer agrupacions segons una condició o més d’una, seriacions… I a P5 passen a complementar els jocs matemàtics amb els reglets de Cuisenaire. Un joc versàtil de manipulació matemàtica. Les reglets són unes barretes de plàstic de diferents colors i mesures les quals representen diferents números i quantitats. La regleta que representa la unitat, el número 1, és de color blanc i mesura 1cm cúbic. La regleta que representa el número 2, és de color vermell i mesura 1x1x2cm i així successivament. Els aprenentatges matemàtics a l’educació infantil han de permetre que els nens i nenes visquin les matemàtiques com una eina de pensament que els ajudi a formular-se preguntes. Aquest és doncs l’objectiu que el col·legi Cor de Maria es planteja amb l’aprenentatge dels infants. 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Need to find party rentals in Edmore, Michigan? Maybe you're planning a party for 25 people, but only have enough chairs for 10. Or your child wants a bounce house for his 5th birthday party and you're at a loss on where to find one. Edmore party rentals can be lifesavers for big-ticket items that you may not use again and don't want to buy. A Edmore, Michigan party rental company is a great o...Read moreNeed to find party rentals in Edmore, Michigan? Maybe you're planning a party for 25 people, but only have enough chairs for 10. Or your child wants a bounce house for his 5th birthday party and you're at a loss on where to find one. Edmore party rentals can be lifesavers for big-ticket items that you may not use again and don't want to buy. A Edmore, Michigan party rental company is a great option for large events or events that require hard-to-find items. From wedding chair covers to table linens to silverware, couples can find everything needed to plan an elegant wedding. For those planning outdoor events, many tent rental companies provide party tents and also handle the tent set-up and break down. If you already have a venue, but simply want to personalize your event, try renting a photo booth from a Edmore rental company. You will have instant favors and guests will love the interactivity. You can also rent a cotton candy machine or popcorn machine to bring out the kid in all of your guests. Party equipment rentals near Edmore are a convenient way to punch up your event. It is worth looking for party rental supplies that you might not have realized you even needed for your party! Sponsored Listings Search Results Grand Rapids Casino Parties Venues Throughout West Michigan, Grand Rapids, MI ★ Featured Listing Casino Rentals and Casino Party planning in Grand Rapids Grand Rapids Casino Parties has been delivering quality, professionally run casino parties in the greater Grand Rapids / West Michigan area s...Read moreCasino Rentals and Casino Party planning in Grand Rapids Grand Rapids Casino Parties has been delivering quality, professionally run casino parties in the greater Grand Rapids / West Michigan area since 2003. We’re great for ◾Birthdays and Anniversary Celebrations ◾Company Holiday Parties ◾High School Graduation All-Nighters ◾Bachelor and Bachelorette Parties ◾Corporate Entertainment Suites at Trade Shows and Sporting Events Grand Rapids Casino Parties is West Michigan’s choice for quality casino rentals and casino party planning. Book your event at: http://GrandRapidsCasinoParties.com At Your Service Valet 818 Butterworth Dr SW, Suite 2, Grand Rapids, MI ★ Featured Listing No matter where you are or what industry you are in, parking is the first and last part of your guests/clients experience. We apply our expertise and over a decade of experience to create a scenario th...Read moreNo matter where you are or what industry you are in, parking is the first and last part of your guests/clients experience. We apply our expertise and over a decade of experience to create a scenario that impresses your guests with professionalism and convenience. Our reputation is built on these principles: pay careful attention to detail, maintain a professional appearance with a friendly demeanor, and exceed expectations, all at a price point that is value driven. You would be surprised at the several different types of events and requests we have had over the years, and we always look for a way to say yes. We manage the outside, so that you can focus on what's important inside. We would be happy to show you the level of service that our current clients and guests receive, and earn the right to service your event or venue. We have the staffing and equipment for any size private event, including weddings, grand openings, corporate events, fundraisers, surprise parties, and many more occasions. Contact us today to schedule a complimentary site visit and consultation, and see how we can help you "Drive Service Forward". Great Lakes Jump Vestaburg, MI View details Rent Rite 2250 W. Monroe Road, Alma, MI View details Mt. Pleasant Rental Center 4995 E. Pickard Road, Mt. Pleasant, MI View details Rent Rite 2180 E. Remus Road, Mount Pleasant, MI View details Vestaburg Youth Football Vestaburg, MI View details Grubbs Lake Montcalm Store Six Lakes, MI View details Saber Manufacturing Blanchard, MI View details T-g's Party Store Blanchard, MI View details Amra Blanchard, MI View details R & R Graphics Stanton, MI View details Sponsored Listings Showing 1-10 of 52 Previous 1 2 3 4 Next Need to find party rentals in Edmore, Michigan? Maybe you're planning a party for 25 people, but only have enough chairs for 10. Or your child wants a bounce house for his 5th birthday party and you're at a loss on where to find one. Edmore party rentals can be lifesavers for big-ticket items that you may not use again and don't want to buy. A Edmore, Michigan party rental company is a great o...Read moreNeed to find party rentals in Edmore, Michigan? Maybe you're planning a party for 25 people, but only have enough chairs for 10. Or your child wants a bounce house for his 5th birthday party and you're at a loss on where to find one. Edmore party rentals can be lifesavers for big-ticket items that you may not use again and don't want to buy. A Edmore, Michigan party rental company is a great option for large events or events that require hard-to-find items. From wedding chair covers to table linens to silverware, couples can find everything needed to plan an elegant wedding. For those planning outdoor events, many tent rental companies provide party tents and also handle the tent set-up and break down. If you already have a venue, but simply want to personalize your event, try renting a photo booth from a Edmore rental company. You will have instant favors and guests will love the interactivity. You can also rent a cotton candy machine or popcorn machine to bring out the kid in all of your guests. Party equipment rentals near Edmore are a convenient way to punch up your event. It is worth looking for party rental supplies that you might not have realized you even needed for your party! Sponsored Listings More Party Rentals Audio Video Equipment Bounce Houses Chair Covers Chairs Dance Floors Game Trucks Lighting Linens Party Buses Photo Booths Tables Tents Search nearby for Party Rentals Cedar Lake Party Rentals Mcbrides Party Rentals Vestaburg Party Rentals Six Lakes Party Rentals Blanchard Party Rentals Stanton Party Rentals Riverdale Party Rentals Elm Hall Party Rentals Winn Party Rentals Vendors in your area Edmore Artist Edmore Bakery Edmore Balloons Edmore Band Edmore Catering Edmore Church Edmore DJ Edmore Entertainers Edmore Event Planner Edmore Flowers Edmore Limo Edmore Musicians Edmore Party Rentals Edmore Photography Edmore Staffing Edmore Tuxedo Edmore Venues Are you a vendor? Register now to list your business on Punchbowl. Find a Vendor By Category: All Artists Bakeries Balloons Bands Catering Churches DJs Entertainers Event Planners Flowers Limos Musicians Photography Party Rentals Staffing Tuxedos Venues By City: Atlanta, GA Austin, TX Boston, MA Brooklyn, NY Chicago, IL Dallas, TX Denver, CO Houston, TX Los Angeles, CA Minneapolis, MN Nashville, TN New York, NY Philadelphia, PA Phoenix, AZ Portland, OR Raleigh, NC San Diego, CA San Francisco, CA Seattle, WA Washington, DC About Us Company Overview Who We Are News Partner With Us Trends & Data More Find a Vendor Party Ideas Reasons to Celebrate Reminders Get In Touch Get Help Job Opportunities Contact Us Accessibility Disable accessibility options Enable accessibility options Back to top Get Help © 2022 Punchbowl, Inc. Terms of Use Privacy Policy Do Not Sell My Info CA Privacy Notice PUNCHBOWL® is a registered trademark of Punchbowl, Inc. All rights reserved. All other product and company names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. © 2022 MARVEL Home Sign In Help PUNCHBOWL® is a registered trademark of Punchbowl, Inc. All rights reserved. All other product and company names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

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Queeb is an upcoming social networking app that connects LGBTQ+ people from all over the world. It provides a safe and inclusive space for users to make friends, find partners, and share their experiences. Queeb is the perfect app for anyone who wants to connect with the LGBTQ+ community, whether they are LGBTQ+ themselves or simply allies. This article is all about helping you get to know the Queeb for PC better and install it on your PC. Here are the technical specifications you want to know about beforehand: Contents How To Install & Download Queeb For PC Windows 10/8/7 Queeb Andorid App Summary Features of Queeb for PC Queeb App Overview and Details Whats New In this Queeb? Conclusion How To Install & Download Queeb For PC Windows 10/8/7 Downloading and installing the Queeb on PC shouldn’t be a hassle when you have the NOX player installed. Let’s help you get this popular android emulator on your computer and install the Queeb using it on your PC, step by step: Step 1: You need to download the NOX player on your computer first. So, go ahead and download it. Step 2: Now, install the Nox player from your computer, from the downloads list, typically in a specific folder. Step 3: The installation will take a few minutes depending on how powerful a computer you’re using. Step 4: Launch the NOX player after installing. Now, skip out the pop-ups and find the Play Store app on top. Step 5: Enter the Play Store app and search for Queeb so that you get this on your first result. Step 6: Click on Install and the download process will start right away. After that, you just start using the Queeb on your computer. Queeb App Specification App Name: Queeb On Your PC Devoloper Name: Jacob Knispel Latest Version: 1.1.2 Android Version: 4.0 Supporting OS: Windows,7,8,10 & Mac (32 Bit, 64 Bit) Package Name: io.github.knispeja.queeb Download: 572+ Category: Entertainment Updated on: Sep 20, 2019 Get it On: Download Queeb Andorid App Summary On Google Play store, you can find the Queeb in the Entertainment category. You can download and install Queeb on your Android phone from there. Jacob Knispel is the developer of Queeb who made this app. 1.1.2 is the latest version of Queeb that you can see on Google Play Store. And this app comes with a total user count of 572. Plus, you’ll see that Queeb has a good user rating of 4.9. You can install the latest version of Queeb, which is Sep 20, 2019 on your computer only via an Android emulator. It’s not possible to directly install on PC. You can use the NOX player, BlueStacks, or Memu Emulator to install Queeb on your PC. Our guide in this article will help you download and install it by yourself. Just keep following this article and go through the guide below. Features of Queeb for PC 1. End to war 2. End to famine 3. End to poverty 4. End to drought 5. Not affiliated with Danny Gonzalez or the road work guy 6. Not associated with any subsidiaries or affiliates 7. Authorized, endorsed, or in any way officially connected with Danny Gonzalez or the road work guy 8. In no way officially connected with Danny Gonzalez or the road work guy 9. Subsidiaries or affiliates not associated with Danny Gonzalez or the road work guy 10. No connection to Danny Gonzalez or the road work guy Queeb App Overview and Details Have you ever wished for an end to some of the awful things in this world? War, famine, poverty, and drought, for example. We are not affiliated, associated, authorized, endorsed by, or in any way officially connected with Danny Gonzalez or the road work guy (Drew Gooden), or any of their subsidiaries or affiliates. Whats New In this Queeb? – The last update crashed rarely, interrupting loading; fixed this – Great new splash screen – Dozens of new features – Images to browse while loading – Improved loading times Conclusion The Queeb application was an excellent way to learn more about the LGBT community and to connect with other LGBT individuals. It was a great way to meet new people and to learn about different events and organizations that are available to the LGBT community. I would definitely recommend the Queeb application to anyone who is interested in learning more about the LGBT community. That’s it! That’s how you download Queeb on your PC and install it like a pro. If you’re still trying to figure it out, let us know in the comments below: Disclaimer We refer the ownership of This Queeb to its creator/developer. We don’t own or affiliate for Queeb and/or any part of it, including its trademarks, images, and other elements. Here at skatejellybeans, we also don’t use our own server to download the Queeb. We refer to the official server, store, or website to help our visitors to download the Queeb. If you have any query about the app or about skatejellybeans, we’re here to help you out. Just head over to our contact page and talk your heart to us. We’ll get back to you ASAP.

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En exercici des de 1998; important experiència en l'administració local, Dret civil i Jurisdicció social. Llicenciat en Dret a la Universitat de Còrdova. Estudis de Doctorat: Certificat-Diploma d'Estudis Avançat, que acredita suficiència investigadora. Mª Sandra Martínez Segura Advocada Llicenciada en Dret per la UB des de l´any 1997, i advocada en exercici des de l´any 1999. Cursà l´Escola de Pràctica Jurídica en el ICAT. La seva experiencia laboral inicial que compaginà amb els estudis li va fer desenvolupar els seus serveis en la notaria i en l´entitat financera. Inicià la seva carrera professional d´advocat en el àmbit del Dret Fiscal i Civil. Es també Tècnica Superior en Prevenció de Riscos Laborals. Com especialització, durant més de vint anys de la seva vida professional l´ha dedicat al Dret Farmacèutic, gestionant directament totes aquelles qüestions inter vius i mortis causa derivades dels patrimonis familiars. Dins del Col·lectiu es dedica principalment, a les àrees de Fiscal, Mercantil i Comptabilitat. Eva Izquierdo Monzón Advocada Llicenciada en dret per la UB a l’any 1996. Advocada en exercici des de l’any 1998.L’exercici sempre ha estat orientat en la defensa dels drets humans i socials, dret d’educació, dret de la funció pública i del treball. Sòcia de l’advocat Ramon Plandiura Vilacís des de l’any 2003. Assessora a diferents col·lectius i entitats professionals. Participa com a docent en cursos i conferències de diferents administracions públiques i Universitats. És membre d’entitats de defensa dels drets humans, i ha participat com observadora internacional de drets humans.

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Key Petroleum (Australia) Pty Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Key Petroleum Limited and Operator of EP437, reported Thursday that all Drilling Contractors of Australia (DCA) Rig 6 drilling equipment has now arrived at the Dunnart-2 site in permit EP437 in Western Australia's onshore Perth Basin coinciding with the delivery of 3.5 inch tubing string, Halliburton completion sliding sleeve and completion packer and TKM Xmas tree. The flare pit will be modified to suit testing and completion operations once rig up has been completed followed by the arrival of both the Completion and Wireline Engineers. Key’s Managing Director Kane Marshall is also expected to arrive on site on Saturday, May 30 and will manage all operational logistics requirements for the duration of the program. The rig up and subsequent testing and completion program will be run in daylight hours only with perforation and the flow test expected to take place shortly after rigging up has been completed this weekend. Joint Venture participants in EP437 are: Key Petroleum Limited (Key Petroleum (Australia) Pty Ltd) (Operator) - 43.47 percent Rey Resources Limited (Rey Oil and Gas Perth Pty Ltd) - 43.47 percent Caracal Exploration Pty Limited - 13.06 percent Tweet WHAT DO YOU THINK? POST A COMMENT Generated by readers, the comments included herein do not reflect the views and opinions of Rigzone. All comments are subject to editorial review. Off-topic, inappropriate or insulting comments will be removed.

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Exposició on explica l’origen de la festa i el seguici de Sant Miquel Del 8 de juliol al 30 d'octubre 07 Gen 2022 Festival de valsos i danses L'Atlàntida - Sala 1 Ramon Montanyà, del 07/01/2022 20:00 al 07/12/2022 21:30 Nova edició del tradicional concert de Cap d’Any amb l’Orquestra Simfònica del Vallès i la soprano Sara Blanch

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