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Multimodal Art Projection 270

http://airsoftinteu.com/tag/rules/

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Airsoft guns are not real firearms, but the same awareness and safety practices still apply. I dare say the chance of injury may be elevated do the perception of airsoft guns as toys. However, the following are the most common sense rules when handling airsoft guns that can ensure a fun and safe day at the field. – Treat the gun like a loaded one – The gun should be checked personally to see if it is unloaded. Even after the magazine has been taken out, the gun should be fired at a safe place to discharge all the loaded chambers. Then the battery source should be disconnected. The gun should be checked personally to see if it is unloaded. Even after the magazine has been taken out, the gun should be fired at a safe place to discharge all the loaded chambers. Then the battery source should be disconnected. Given the small size of the airsoft bbs and considering the fact that the airsoft guns usually don’t chamber and also clear in a similar manner as the real firearms, thus chance of the Rouge bbs being available in the gun is greater than the real firearm. The simple fact that the airsoft guns don’t need ammo to complete a firing action means they will possible fire anything that is in the barrel. A piece of dirt or the patch you used to clean your barrel may fly out even though there are no airsoft bbs in the gun. – Never put your finger on the trigger unless you are ready to fire – The finger should not be wrapped around the trigger when you are not firing. Otherwise, you may accidentally pull the trigger and hit an unsuspecting target or injure others. – Never aim at a target you do not want to destroy – The gun should always be aimed in a very safe direction when not firing. It always pays to be careful while unloading the gun also. Unless you want to destroy the target, never aim at it as accidents have a way of happening at the most unforeseen moments. – Determine what lies beyond before shooting – Sometimes you may miss or over-penetrate your target. This may lead to injuring an unsuspecting target or someone without proper safety equipment. So know what lies beyond before taking aim. – Never consume alcohol before handling a gun – Alcohol, drugs or sedatives can influence your action and could lead to accidents. So they should be avoided during game play. – Keep your gun under lock and key – When one is not engaged in the gameplay, it is important for one clear the weapon. One can remove the airsoft magazine from the airsoft gun and also fire at least 2 times to clear the barrel and also feed tube. Also place the airsoft gun safe and then apply the barrel protector. Be sure to place your airsoft gun in some form of gun case or bag, especially when transporting in a vehicle or carrying it to and from the car. Do not carry, transport, or display, in any fashion, your airsoft gun to the general public.Protect your gun and store it in a safe place away from ammunition as well as theft. The gun should also be protected while being transported from one place to another. By respecting the laws and regulations and adhering to the safety measures, we can make Airsoft guns safe and play positively in the spirit of the game.

weapons_science

http://htxt.co.za/2013/08/06/watch-a-master-blacksmith-forge-the-master-sword-from-the-legend-of-zelda/

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Master blacksmith Tony Swatton has been making weapons for Hollywood for 22 years. He got his start in 1991’s Hook, where he made all of the movie’s swords as well as the titular hand hardware, and he has been making all manner of weapons, armour and props for movies ever since. But why we here at HTXT get excited about him is because he also has a YouTube channel called AWE me, where he showcases his blacksmithing skills by creating real weapons from iconic pop culture franchises – including videogames – and he does an incredible job. Swatton has made weapons like a battleaxe from Skyrim, Wolverine’s claws and even a diamond sword from Minecraft. In the video below, you’ll get to watch him create the Master Sword from the Legend of Zelda series. It’s a beautiful piece of weaponry on its own, but Zelda fans will get a particular kick out of it as it’s such an integral part of the history of The Kingdom of Hyrule. Here’s an excerpt from the Zelda Wiki:”Originally crafted by the goddess Hylia as the Goddess Sword, it was later forged into the Master Sword by the goddess’s chosen hero and its spirit Fi, who bathed it in the three Sacred Flames located across the land that would become the Kingdom of Hyrule. Din’s Flame in particular, imbued the sword with the power to repel evil, a power apparently augmented after the sword received the blessing of Zelda, which transformed the blade into the True Master Sword. It is usually the only sword that can defeat Ganon in the games it appears in.” And what does Mr. Swatton do with it once it’s finished? Why, he hits stuff with it, of course. Awesome.

weapons_science

http://heguns.com/

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Henderson Enterprises Gunshop is a licensed full service gunsmith shop and a Federal Firearms Liscensed Dealer. We will receive your weapon when purchased from the Internet or auction house for a service charge of $25. Also, if you are selling a gun or sending a gun through the mail we can provide that service for $25 plus the actual cost of shipping. We know that people are looking for bargains, and shops like ours cannot compete with large mail order houses or internet auction houses, but with the law requiring that all guns be shipped to a FFL shop, we are happy to provide that service to our customers. We stock a full line of powders and reloading supplies including brass and bullets from 22 caliber to the hefty 50 caliber BMG rounds. We carry boat tail bullets and tracers for the 50 caliber. All our brass is inspected prior to shipment for cracks or flaws that could impede reloading them. Since we order brass by the 1000 round box our prices are very competitive. Dave Henderson has been a practicing gunsmith and shooter since 1974 where he started as an apprentice gunsmith. Later he got into the custom design of rifles mainly the Mauser 98 and 96 series converting them to virtually every caliber a hunter or target shooter could want. From glass bedding a stock to custom mounting scopes, Dave has done it all. Dave has attended a number of accredited schools for gunsmiths and now operates a full-time full service gunsmith shop with a very extensive tooling and bluing system. Henderson Enterprises can put virtually any type of plating on your gun from nickel to gold, parkerizing to bluing, it is all within the scope of work Dave does every day. We can custom manufacture barrels and fit them to your action and we maintain a stock of serial numbered actions on hand. We keep Caspian Receivers in stock for those who want a nice M1 Garand at a price they can afford or a Winchester, H&R, IHC, or Springfield for those who want a more wartime version rifle. Whatever it is our goal is to give the customer what they want not what we want to sell. Thanks for shopping Henderson Enterprises

weapons_science

http://huggochslag.blogspot.com/2017/07/tanks-for-jerrys.html

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Last weekend a friend of mine at the local gaming-club made me an offer that I couldn´t resist. He offered me both tanks and crew for a neat sum of 60 Euros. I purchased both for 28mm and 15mm. All of it was german and WW2. The big tanks will be used both for Bolt Action and Secrets of the third reich. The medium tank (Panther Ausf D) will be a nice support vehicle and the Wirbelwind will be a real threat using the four 6mm A-cannons on PBI(poor bloody infantry). The last tank in the 28mm-scale is a Grille with a 10,5cm gun mounted on a Praga- chassi(38t) and this will be used both for hammering the infantry and grinding down strongholds and bunkers. The Grille is the only tank that I will update with more details and camo-net. Last but not forgotten is the 15 tanks to Flames of war. I bought all of these for my project Berlin 1945 and together with my last buy this will make my german tank-force complete. The tanks will be updated with late-war-camo and also camonets and accessories. Next to complete is the german infantry that will be a mixture of Volksgrenadiere, Volksturm, SS, Fallschirmjaegers and regulars. This project will be great fun to build and will be my biggest project so far with a city-scenery and compartments both above and underground. I will build both sewers and cellars and detailed models of the city-center. In my next report I will write about all the miniatures that I bought.

weapons_science

https://artdailymagazine.com/choose-the-right-weapon-attachments-and-enhance-your-shooting-experience/

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In the world of firearms, precision and accuracy are paramount. Whether you’re a competitive shooter, a law enforcement professional, or a recreational enthusiast, the right weapon attachments can significantly enhance your shooting experience and improve your overall performance. From red dot sights to muzzle devices, the market is brimming with a variety of attachments designed to cater to different shooting styles and needs. Here, we’ll discuss the importance of choosing the right weapon attachments and how they can elevate your shooting game. Understanding Weapon Attachments Weapon attachments are additional components that can be mounted onto firearms to enhance various aspects of their performance. These attachments can include optics, grips, lights, laser sights, muzzle devices, and more. They are designed to improve accuracy, control, target acquisition, and overall shooting experience. Choosing the Right Optics Optics play a crucial role in aiming and target acquisition. Red dot sights, holographic sights, and magnified scopes are popular choices for different shooting scenarios. - Red Dot Sights: Red dot sights offer rapid target acquisition with a simple aiming point. They are ideal for close to medium-range engagements. When choosing a red dot sight like vortex red dots, consider factors such as reticle size, battery life, and durability. - Holographic Sights: Holographic sights project a reticle onto a clear lens, providing a more versatile aiming solution. They’re effective for quick shots and can accommodate different shooting distances. Look for models with brightness settings for various lighting conditions. - Magnified Scopes: For long-range precision shooting, magnified scopes are essential. They provide magnification levels that enable shooters to engage targets accurately at extended distances. Consider factors like magnification range, reticle type, and clarity of glass. Grips and Ergonomics Grips are crucial for maintaining control and stability over your firearm. Ergonomically designed grips can reduce fatigue and help you maintain a consistent shooting posture. - Vertical Grips: Vertical grips provide a stable platform for controlling your firearm during rapid fire and maneuvering. They can be particularly useful on rifles and submachine guns. - Angled Grips: Angled grips offer a compromise between a vertical grip and a traditional handguard. They can improve comfort during extended shooting sessions. - Hand Stops: Hand stops prevent your support hand from slipping in front of the muzzle, enhancing safety and control. Lights and Lasers Lights and lasers are beneficial attachments for low-light scenarios and close-quarters combat. - Weapon Lights: Tactical lights illuminate your target, enhancing visibility and target identification in dark environments. Look for lights with different output settings and durable construction. - Laser Sights: Laser sights provide a visible or infrared aiming point on your target. They can improve accuracy and target acquisition, especially in high-stress situations. Muzzle devices influence recoil management, muzzle rise, and overall shooting comfort. - Compensators: Compensators reduce muzzle rise by redirecting gases, allowing for faster follow-up shots. They’re especially useful in competition shooting. - Muzzle Brakes: Muzzle brakes decrease recoil and muzzle climb by redirecting gases. They are beneficial for precision shooting and heavier calibers. - Flash Suppressors: Flash suppressors reduce the visible flash when firing, making them valuable for maintaining stealth and reducing night blindness in low-light conditions. Consider Your Shooting Style When selecting weapon attachments, it’s crucial to consider your shooting style and intended use. Are you a competitive shooter looking for every edge in speed and accuracy? Are you a hunter who needs precise long-range shots? Or are you a home defender in need of reliable low-light aiming solutions? Your shooting style will guide your attachment choices. Investing in high-quality weapon attachments is essential for reliability, durability, and overall shooting performance. Inferior attachments can adversely affect your accuracy, function, and even safety. Research reputable brands, read reviews, and seek advice from experienced shooters. Choosing the right weapon attachments is a critical aspect of enhancing your shooting experience. Optics, grips, lights, lasers, and muzzle devices can greatly influence your accuracy, control, and overall performance. Consider your shooting style, intended use, and the quality of attachments when making your choices. With the right combination of attachments, you can take your shooting skills to new heights and achieve greater success in various shooting disciplines.

weapons_science

https://www.mbnewz.com/how-to-unlock-the-push-dagger/technology/

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The patch will sport a brand new melee weapon called the Push Dagger. The developers have described it as “a blade with a T-shaped grip that allows for increased push power.” They have further stated that the dagger will be “easily concealable and deadly in CQC.” We can expect the new melee weapon to be a favorite among those who prefer stealth. The blade is expected to be the new king of silent takedowns. Players have three ways to acquire the Push Dagger in Call of Duty Players will be able to unlock the push dagger in three different ways. They can unlock the weapon by completing one of the following challenges: - Players will have to get five melee kills with a primary weapon in a single match 15 times in the multiplayer mode. The quickest way of achieving this will be via attaching the bayonette attachment to the primary weapon or by the Fast Melee Perk. - Players will have to get 100 kills with a melee weapon while shrouded by their Aether Shroud. This is a zombie-centric challenge. Shi No Numa will be the ideal place to grind for this challenge. If players don’t want to grind for the weapon, they can also buy it via the store-bundle from the in-game store. More information on the Season 4 Patch The update will also come with a brand new SMG called Marco 5. The gun has been announced to have high mobility and accurate hip fire. This will be the first SMG from Vanguard to have the Akimbo perk. The developers have also added an LMG with high mobility and fire-rate. UGM-8 has been reported to excel in creating suppressing fire and pushing enemy positions. The patch also brings in the Vargo-S Assault Rifle. The new rifle is being branded as a workhorse gun with a high fire-rate, a steady aim through sustained fire and fast reload. The rifle can be further enhanced with 10 attachments as it will be a part of the Vanguard expansion. Along with these new weapons, the patch will come with a brand new Call of Duty Resurgence map called Fortune’s Keep. The map brings in two brand new features: Black Market Run Contract and Cash Extraction. The gameplay of Resurgence should revolve around these features. The map of Caldera will also have new changes. Along with the addition of Storage town in the southwest of Mines, Caldera will now have better visibility and lesser foliage. This is expected to address the visibility issues of the map. This update will bring back the fan-favorite gun game. We will also see the return of the Zombie mode of Shi No Numa. Call of Duty Warzone will also feature a new Armored SUV. Players will have a new option to rush around the map of the Caldera. The armored SUV will have a dedicated turret seat along with space for players to use their loadout weapons. This mean vehicle might turn out to be the favourite mode of transport for the players. The playerbase of the Call of Duty Warzone will have a great time in the next few months. With the upcoming release of season 4 Mercenaries of Fortune, the playerbase will have a lot to enjoy until the upcoming release of Modern Warfare 2.

weapons_science

http://theswordgeek.com/podcast/?p=64

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There are a lot of modern things that aren’t really modern; Queen Elizabeth had a wrist-watch that was given to her as a gift. Other ‘modern’ items are older than you might think as well… Pocket knives are older than pockets. Folding knives have been around nearly as long as metal blades. There are examples of folding knives from Europe dating back to at least half a millenium B.C. There is also a lot of misinformation about them on the internet; one source actually said that they were first invented for self-defense which is an absolutely stupid idea. The blades of the first folding knives had nothing but friction between the base of the blade and the handle to keep them open. This would have been virtually useless for self-defense. This friction folder has a one-piece hardwood handle with thin copper plates on either side to reinforce the hinge area. In terms of form and construction it could have been made at any time since the Greek Classical Period. I have heard of folding knives dating back to the early bronze age but haven’t actually seen them myself or been able to verify their existence. But from the perspective of an early knife-maker a folding knife makes sense. It takes less metal because there is virtually no tang. It provides it’s own sheath and is shorter so it’s easy to carry. It’s a great solution to a lot of the problems of making and carrying a knife. It’s such a good idea that it was used from China to Europe. Some examples of Roman folders; The knife on the lower right is a modern reproduction The first folding knives were a type called ‘friction folders’ because friction was the only thing that kept them open or closed. They looked a lot like modern pocket-knives except that they did not have a back-spring to help hold the blade open. When they loosened up a few judicious taps with a hammer on the hinge pin and it would tighten right back up. The knife can be gripped by the back of the blade to work with the point or by the handle for straight cutting operations. As long as it’s used carefully it works great. It works so great that most folding knives made before WWII were if this type and they are still commonly used around the world. Beautifully decorated Viking-period folder; interestingly it has a bronze blade Friction folders were in use in Celtic western Europe as early as the fifth century BC. They also seem to have been common in urban areas during the Roman Era. Many of these had handles cast of copper alloys or tin alloys which have survived more or less intact but many had handles of a variety of biological materials like bone, horn or wood. Some of these had metal bolsters or bands of metal around the handle under the hinge pin to reinforce the joint. Blades were most often wrought iron with a thin strip of steel forge-welded to the cutting edge but occasionally blades of other metals like bronze were used. I have heard that some knives of this type had sliding metal sleeves or rings that could lock the blade open but I have not personally seen this feature on surviving examples. In the early industrial age knives of this type and very similar form became extremely common and were known as ‘penny knives.’ Even the idea of the ‘multi-tool’ is nothing new as this Roman-era traveler’s tool shows The first significant variation of the friction folder was the clasp knife. Today the term ‘clasp knife’ means any large folding knife but originally it came from a type of friction folder with an extension of the tang that protruded when the knife was closed and would bear against a pin or the back of the handle when the blade was opened. This allowed the user to clasp the tang against the handle with their thumb to hold the blade open; thus the name. No one is certain exactly when this variation came along but it dates back to at least the Middle Ages and likely much earlier. Friction folders and clasp knives waxed and waned in popularity in Europe but were well-known in the Middle Ages and production of these knives continues to this day. Reproduction of a medieval-style Clasp Knife At some point- again we don’t know when exactly- it occurred to some one to place a spring along the back of the knife that would bear against the tang of the blade and help to hold it open. It wasn’t a lock by any means but it was better than friction. These are now referred to as slip-joint folders which is a term that frankly doesn’t make a lot of sense to me; the term spring-back is more accurate and descriptive. The oldest folder of this type that I am aware of dates to the eighth century AD and is from western Europe. This knife may also have been the first blade with a mechanical lock. Spring-back folders were not unusual by the sixteenth century but did not really become common until the eighteenth century, by which point many of them also had locking blades. ‘Modern’ folding knives also emerged during this period. Modern examples of medieval-style folders with carved antler handles Along the way there were endless variations; Clasp knives made as table cutlery with a small fork fitted into a pocket in the elaborately carved handle. Highly decorated knives, plain knives, metal, wood, bone and even gemstone handles. Folding or sliding blades concealed in crosses or other objects. Even spring-powered switchblades had appeared by the beginning of the middle ages. Human ingenuity is not a modern phenomenon and is seldom applied as extensively and as often as it is to our personal items.

weapons_science

https://gesowomazuritodi.the5thsense.com/tank-a-history-of-the-armoured-fighting-vehicle-book-34368yf.php

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Tank: a history of the armoured fighting vehicle by Kenneth John Macksey Download PDF EPUB FB2 An armored fighting vehicle (AFV) is an armed combat vehicle protected by armour, generally combining operational mobility with offensive and defensive capabilities. AFVs can be wheeled or tracked. Main battle tanks, armoured cars, armoured self-propelled guns, and armoured personnel carriers are all examples of AFVs. Armoured fighting vehicles are classified according to their intended role Country: Australia, United Kingdom, Cuba, China. Not surprisingly, the book covers mainly the tanks of the era - It ends with the US M 60 and Soviet T, T, and T of the s. There are tabulations of basic dimensions, armament, armor thicknesses, engine horsepower and speed, and performance data for various tank by: 3. Tank: A History of the Armoured Fighting Vehicle Paperback – J by KENNETH MACKSEY (Author) out of 5 stars 4 ratings. See all 13 formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. Price New from Used from /5(4). Tank; a History of the Armoured Fighting Vehicle by John H. Batchelor; Kenneth Macksey and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at Tank book. Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. Tank: a history of the armoured fighting vehicle/5(14). Very good. Tank; a History of the Armoured Fighting Vehicle (NoDust). Binding: Hardcover. Weight: Lbs. Product Group: Book. Istextbook: No. A copy that has been read, but remains in excellent condition. Pages are intact and are not marred by notes or highlighting, but may contain a neat previous owner name. The spine remains undamaged/5(13). A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle designed for front-line combat. Tanks have heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield manoeuvrability provided by tracks and a powerful engine; usually their main armament is mounted in a are a mainstay of modern 20th and 21st century ground forces and a key part of combined arms combat. Modern tanks are versatile mobile land weapon Country: Australia, United Kingdom, Cuba, China. Tank: a history of the armoured fighting vehicle, by Macksey, Kenneth and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at Kenneth Macksey & John H Batchelor. Tanks: A History of the Armoured Fighting Vehicle. Charles Scribner's Sons. Cloth covered hardback. Check back Rating: % positive. Get this from a library. Tank; a history of the armoured fighting vehicle. [Kenneth Macksey; John H Batchelor] -- This book is a comprehensive, illustrated examination of the underlying reasons why fighting vehicles dominate the battlefield. Get this from a library. Tank: a history of the armoured fighting vehicle. [Kenneth Macksey; John H Batchelor]. This book is an authoritative history and directory of tanks and their immediate derivatives, such as ARVs (armoured recovery vehicles), tank destroyers, command versions, bridgelayers, mine-clearers and other Funnies, and AFVs such as armoured cars, armoured personnel carriers and self-propelled artillery, covering a vast range of wheeled. Tank; a history of the armoured fighting vehicle Item Preview Tank; a history of the armoured fighting vehicle by Macksey, Kenneth; Batchelor, John H., joint author. Publication date Topics Armored vehicles, Military, Tanks (Military science) Internet Archive : As a general overview of the tank in all it's forms, there is no better book., Classic Military Vehicle Wonderfully supported by fantastic imagery, the book offers truly a definitive close-up guide to the key elements of the tank's unique history and the complex mechanisms which resulted in many iconic pieces of equipment., Britain at War When it comes to reference sources detailing the /5(). Tank: A History Of The Armoured Fighting Vehicle by John H. Batchelor / / English / PDF. TANK is a serious study of the fundamental aspects of mechanized warfare presented so as to be easily comprehensible to members of the general public as well as to ely illustrated with photos and drawings. Tank: a history of the armoured fighting vehicle by Kenneth John Macksey; 4 editions; First published in ; Subjects: History, Military Armored vehicles, Tanks (Military science). Buy Tank; a history of the armoured fighting vehicle by Kenneth Macksey, John H. Batchelor online at Alibris. We have new and used copies available, in 2 editions - starting at $ Shop now.4/5(1). Tank; a history of the armoured fighting vehicle by Kenneth Macksey, John H. Batchelor starting at $ Tank; a history of the armoured fighting vehicle has 2 available editions to buy at 4/5(1). you are bidding on a vintage ballantine book " tank a history of the armoured fighting vehicle" by kenneth macksey and john h batchelor, extensive diagrams, and chock full of numerous picture, and drawings of all sorts of armoured vehicles leading up to tanks, neat cutaways to show details and even [power plant nice item for model maker, miniature gamer, fantasy role player Seller Rating: % positive. A Canadian Tank School was established in Camp Borden that year, becoming the Canadian Armoured Fighting Vehicle School (CAFVS) in As mentioned above, a handful of Carden Loyd Machine Gun Carrier Mk VIs had been purchased in the early s for training, and some British Vickers Mk VIb Light Tanks arrived in Canada in Apr 7, - Explore grhmhall's board "Tank" on Pinterest. See more ideas about Armored vehicles, Military vehicles and Armored fighting vehicle pins. This is a list of armoured fighting vehicles, sorted by country of information in round brackets () indicates the number of AFVs produced and the period of use. Prototypes are marked as such. In the case of multi-national projects, the vehicle may be listed under all applicable countries. the bob semple tank was new zealands attempt at building an armoured war fighting vehicle during the ocieanic invasions made by japan during ww2. the bob semple tank was first built during using peices of corrigated iron sheets, an American disston six tonne tractor which would later be changed to a catipiller D8 crawler tractor which would be fitted with 6 bren machine guns located. A tank is an armoured combat vehicle, typically armed with a large cannon mounted on a turret and a few machine guns. A tank is covered in thick armour to protect it from enemy weapons. Tanks have tracks that wrap around its wheels to spread out its weight and let it cross rough ground. Most tanks have a powerful gun and one or more machine guns. A tank's crew is normally - Books about tanks and/or AFVs. See more ideas about Books, Tank, Military vehicles pins. Book Review – A History of the Pakistan Armoured Corps – Volume 2 Minutes of the Annual General Meeting of The Miniature Armoured Fighting Vehicle Association (MAFVA) Ma 0. Castlemartin Open Day J 0. the only remaining German A7V tank from World War I, kept safe in a bubble in Australia. TANK: A History of the Armoured Fighting Vehicle by Macksey And Batchelor. HC TANK: A History - $ A of History TANK: And Batchelor. the Macksey Vehicle HC Fighting Armoured by by HC Armoured Fighting A the Macksey Batchelor. of Vehicle TANK: History And. TANK: A HISTORY OF THE ARMOURED FIGHTING VEHICLE. by Macksey, Kenneth and John H Batchelor. and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a broad type of armoured, military vehicles designed to transport personnel and equipment in combat are sometimes referred to colloquially as "battle taxis" or "battle buses". Since World War I, APCs have become a very common piece of military equipment around the world. According to the definition in the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in. Book Summary: The title of this book is Jagdtiger: The Most Powerful Armoured Fighting Vehicle of World War II and it was written by Andy Devey. This particular edition is in a Hardcover format. This books publish date is and it has a suggested retail price of $Pages:. A new entry in the Armor Color Gallery series has been released, titled Armor Camouflage & Markings of the British Expeditionary Force, France – Part 1: 1st Army Tank Brigade (Armor Color Gallery) by Robert Gregory. This is an 80 page softcover book. Publisher’s description: During the inter war period, the British army decided upon two tank designs: the Infantry .Armoured car. See main article: Armored car (military).The armoured car is a wheeled, often lightly armoured, vehicle adapted as a fighting machine. Its earliest form consisted of a motorised ironside chassis fitted with firing ports. By World War I, this had evolved into a mobile fortress equipped with command equipment, searchlights, and machine guns for self-defence.Tank: a history of the armoured fighting vehicle. London: Macdonald & Co. MLA Citation. Macksey, Kenneth. and Batchelor, John. Tank: a history of the armoured fighting vehicle, by Kenneth Macksey and John H. Batchelor; from an original idea by John Batchelor, designed by Chris Harrison Macdonald & Co London Australian/Harvard Citation.

weapons_science

http://stemmersrun.org/aboutus/default.htm

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Founded in 1944, Stemmers Run Rifle and Pistol Club is a member club of the National Rifle Association and charter member of the Associated Gun Clubs of Baltimore. Members of Stemmers Run meet monthly, on the third Sunday, at 6:30 PM. If not for WWII, there would be no Stemmers Run Rifle and Pistol Club. During that war, citizens exempt from military service for various reasons formed the "Minutemen." Their function was to protect, or in the event of an enemy attack on the home front, destroy strategic installations, such as bridges and overpasses. After the war, the "Minutemen" disbanded, however their friendships and interests continued and in 1944 led to the formation of Stemmers Run Rifle and Pistol Club. The club was incorporated on September 7, 1944, while Arne Blasche was serving as the first president. The second president, Don Sheeks served from the latter part of 1947 through 1954. He was followed by Sol Diamond in the mid 50’s. During these years, the club grew at the Orems Rd. Range, which was then the property of the U.S. Government at the cost of $1.00 per year. Sometime around 1950, The Associated Gun Clubs of Baltimore came into being. Its purpose was to bring all the local gun clubs under one roof, so to speak. Since Stemmers Run already had its own range facilities, it was argued that joining the Associated Gun Clubs held no advantages for them, aside from the inconvenience of traveling across town, the question was, why should we? But eventually, Stemmers Run did become a charter member of the AGC along with twelve other local gun clubs, which later turned out to be a good move. Although Stemmers Run had its own facilities, it soon began using AGC’s newly opened Patapsco Range on Marriottsville Rd. in Baltimore County, participating in and soon conducting the bulls eye pistol matches. The small-bore rifle sports were still popular at the Orems Rd. Range, but the range soon fell under the heels of progress and was torn down to make way for construction along Martin Blvd. The last official club meeting was held at the Orems Rd. Range on May 15, 1959. For various reasons, some of the membership was unable to make the transition to the Patapsco range facilities and membership declined. For a short period of time, there was no active president and few members. Affiliation with the AGC soon led to an interest in the high power rifle shooting sports and membership began to grow, with Stemmers Run sometimes fielding as many as three rifle teams during a high power match. Stemmers Run was very active in the building of the 50 yard pistol range and the 100 yard small-bore rifle range at the Patapsco facility. With the help of the Army Corps of Engineers, the 200 yard high power range was completed and Stemmers Run began actively participating in the high power matches. In the late 60’s, Stemmers Run started a junior program, located a dealer in Philadelphia selling M1 rifles, subsequently bought 15-20 M1s for an average cost of $85 each, obtained free ammo form DCM and fielded some junior high power teams. Interest in the bulls eye national match course for pistol was still high among a few members of Stemmers Run and bullseye matches were regularly conducted at the Patapsco Range, with some members going on to Camp Perry for the National Matches. In 1978, Stemmers Run and the AGC began holding hunter’s pistol silhouette matches. The matches soon became so popular that shooters from as far away as North Carolina and New Jersey began showing up with some regularity. The reputation acquired by Stemmers Run in conducting a good hunter’s pistol silhouette match attracted a good number of shooters, many of whom soon became active members. Stemmers Run has conducted state and regional championship matches and counts national record holders in the silhouette games among its membership. Thanks to the foresight of its club presidents, Stemmers Run has grown in both size and stature, and is well known and respected among the shooting fraternity. With interests in Silhouette, Bullseye, High power, Shotgun (trap) and IPSC and as new shooting disciplines develop, The Stemmers Run Rifle and Pistol Club will continue to be the leader in the shooting disciplines.

weapons_science

https://www.iceccancer.org/about-icec/leadership/miles-pomper/

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Miles Pomper is a Senior Fellow in the Washington DC office of the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation. His work focuses on nuclear energy, nuclear nonproliferation, nuclear security, and nuclear arms control. He holds a master’s degree in international affairs from Columbia University and a master’s degree in journalism from Northwestern University. Areas of Research include nuclear energy, nuclear nonproliferation and arms control and nuclear security. Before joining CNS, he served as Editor-in-Chief of Arms Control Today from 2003-2009. Previously, he was the lead foreign policy reporter for CQ Weekly and Legi-Slate News Service, where he covered the full range of national security issues before Congress, and a Foreign Service Officer with the US Information Agency.

weapons_science

https://governmentagencynews.com/department-of-defense-releases-its-2022-strategic-reviews-national-defense-strategy-nuclear-posture-review-and-missile-defense-review/

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Today, the Department of Defense released the unclassified National Defense Strategy (NDS), Nuclear Posture Review (NPR), and Missile Defense Review (MDR). For the first time in its history, the Department conducted all major strategic reviews in an integrated way, aligned with the National Security Strategy. By weaving these documents together, the entire Department is matching resources to goals. The 2022 NDS sets the Department’s strategic direction and priorities for the Joint Force, identifying how the U.S. military will meet growing threats to U.S. national security interests and to a stable and open international system. The 2022 NDS identifies four top-level defense priorities that the Department must pursue to strengthen deterrence: - Defending the homeland, paced to the growing multi-domain threat posed by the People’s Republic of China (PRC); - Deterring strategic attacks against the United States, Allies, and partners; - Deterring aggression, while being prepared to prevail in conflict when necessary – prioritizing the PRC challenge in the Indo-Pacific region, then the Russia challenge in Europe, and; - Building a resilient Joint Force and defense ecosystem. The 2022 NDS also identifies three ways in which the Department will achieve its priorities – integrated deterrence, campaigning, and building enduring advantage. The 2022 NPR reaffirms that as long as nuclear weapons exist, the fundamental role of U.S. nuclear weapons is to deter nuclear attack on the United States, our Allies, and our partners. The United States would only consider the use of nuclear weapons in extreme circumstances to defend the vital interests of the United States or its Allies and partners. The NPR takes a comprehensive and balanced approach to defending vital national security interests and reducing nuclear risks while affirming a continuing commitment to a safe, secure, and effective nuclear deterrent and strong and credible extended deterrence. The 2022 MDR underscores that missile defense contributes to integrated deterrence by undermining a potential foe’s confidence in its ability to mount a successful attack. Information on the strategic reviews can be found at https://www.defense.gov/National-Defense-Strategy/. The National Defense Strategy, Nuclear Posture Review, and Missile Defense Review can be found at https://www.defense.gov/News/Publications/.

weapons_science

https://tsp.esta.org/tsp/working_groups/WS/ws.html

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Weapons Safety Working Group - Chairpersons & Publications Boland Production Supply Ethan Gilson Entertainment Rigging Services LLC The working group held its first, landmark meeting in January 2023 to discuss how the project should move forward. During the discussion, the consensus body asked these questions: Should the working group create one large master document, or a series of smaller, more compartmental guidance documents, for the gamut of weapons or weapon-like properties (props) used in entertainment event productions? Should the project cover prop weapons, such as those that look like firearms (whether capable of firing cartridges or not), edged weapons (e.g., swords and knives), and projectiles (e.g. arrows and darts)? Should the standard only cover weapons and weapon-like props used on or in proximity to stages, in motion picture studios, or on motion picture locations in the production of a staged or filmed event, or should it include weapons used off-camera when they are used for effects? The project scope will not cover weapons used by security forces or carried by audience members or staff for personal protection, nor will it cover weapons used in sporting events, such as bullseye pistol or fencing competitions. The goal is to eliminate injuries and deaths from weapons or weapon-like props used in entertainment productions, regardless if they are on-screen giving the appearance of being used as a weapon, or off-screen used as an effect. If you are a qualified subject matter expert, and wish to contribute your expertise to this project, click the PROCEDURAL DOCUMENTS link, download, complete, and return a working group application to secure your place on this very important working group!

weapons_science

https://www.defenceindustryjobs.com.au/news/2586/significant-step-toward-geelong-defence-production-facility

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Significant step toward Geelong defence production facility Creation of an elite defence production facility in Greater Geelong is one step closer to reality with Hanwha Defence Australia progressing to Phase 3 of the LAND 400 Project. LAND 400, managed by the Department of Defence, will supply the Australian Army with updated infantry fighting vehicles. Phase 3 will test the updated vehicles in combat conditions to identify, manage and mitigate risks in the current designs. Hanwha’s Redback infantry fighting vehicle has been developed to meet the Australian Army’s requirements. If successful in LAND 400 Phase 3, the Redback will be produced in Victoria from 2023 / 2024 at Hanwha’s proposed Greater Geelong production facility, a development that is expected to generate hundreds of jobs for the region. Additionally, Hanwha’s facility will have capacity to produce the Huntsman self-propelled howitzers proposed under the Australian Government’s LAND 8116 project, further boosting its employment potential. The Geelong Defence Alliance, a collaboration between Geelong-based industry and key stakeholders focused on increasing local involvement in the defence industry, has strongly supported Hanwha’s bid to develop a presence in Greater Geelong. Hanwha is one of two participants in LAND 400 Phase 3. The Australian Government will confirm the successful Phase 3 participant in 2022. Source: Mirage News - https://www.miragenews.com/significant-step-toward-geelong-defence-production-facility/

weapons_science

http://bestriflescope21.blogspot.com/2014/05/best-rifle-scope-brands.html

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Rifle scopes have been widely used for hunting and sport shooting and nowadays almost every gun or rifle owner in the country has a scope for more precise shooting. Some people spend huge amounts of money on rifles but when it comes to scopes they buy cheap ones thinking this will save them money. According to experts, this is a completely wrong attitude as with a bad scope you will lose both your money and nerves on ruined hunts. It would be great if you could spend as much money on a new scope as you spent on the rifle because while hunting, you do not need a faulty glass when there are many more important things to think about such as concealment, breathing or elevations. When buying a new rifle scope always keep in mind that you cannot use the same scope on every possible rifle and that rifles in the upper price class deserve the best scopes for your ultimate shooting results. Although it is possible to choose among many brands and models, there are a few brands that are considered the best in the industry. What they all have in common are their best features – design, length and weight, fantastic optics and great precision that allows hunters to shoot at long distances. - the brand has been renowned for its precise optics and advanced technology which gives hunters shock proof, waterproof and fog proof scopes that are designed to accommodate any AR rifle for virtually any caliber. Prostaff best riflescope and Nikon P-223 Mate models by Nikon are among the best on the market and can be purchased at reasonable prices and with a lifetime warranty. – you cannot go wrong with buying any rifle scope from this manufacturer, this is what every gun expert will tell you. Each of Leupold rifle scopes is backed with a lifetime warranty and for a reason – their scopes undergo regular testing, they are waterproof and have side focus parallax adjustment. Take a look at Leupold VX-7 scopes and you will be amazed at the advanced optical system, 2nd generation Argon/Krypton waterproof technology and the perfect light management system. - one of the best rifle scope manufacturers because they are dedicated to making high-performance scopes with excellen optics, ballistic concepts and additional features for ultimate hunting experience. The Zeiss scopes are the best when it comes to night or twilight hunting due to special glass types that give brightness even in poor light. Zeiss Victory rifle scopes with large fields of view and superb sharpness are always worth the money invested. - started in 1957, this German company continues to amaze us. Their rifle scopes are best known for their superb light transmission and perfection when it comes to shooting on even low magnification at close ranges. Schmidt&Bender rifle scopes are made of high quality materials with perfect optics and multicoated lens with the new system of illuminated reticle system. The scopes prove their excellence when used for night hunting and this what the company has been renowned for.

weapons_science

https://firecontrolunit.com/product/exo-one-320-grip-module/

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- Requires Sig Sauer® P320® or P250® slide assembly, magazine release, and FCU - Compatible with full size, carry, tacops, x-carry, or compact P320® or P250 slides chambered in 9mm, .40, or .357 SIG®. X-5 compatible on request (see options). - Milspec 1913 picatinny optic rail - Rear vertical 1913 picatinny rail for arm brace, buttstock, or sling mounts - Integrated ambidextrous slide-lock charging handle assembly - Rear dual QD Sling mounts - Three (3) fore-end M-Lok® accessory slots - Two (2) Magpul M-Lok® 3-slot polymer rails - Muzzle compatible with SRD9 Suppressors when requested (more models to be tested soon) when a compact slide is paired with a full-size threaded barrel (Silencerco® model recommended) - Glass-filled nylon & stainless steel construction - Transformation happens in moments and is fully reversible International Traffic in Arms Regulations Controlled Product - Weight: 12oz - Weight, w/ arm brace (optional): 24oz - Minimum operating length: 16in * Currently only compatible with full size, compact, carry, or X-Five slides. WARNING: Observe safe firearm handling practices at all times. Failure to do so may result in serious bodily injury or death. Fire Control Unit shall not be responsible for injury, death, or property damage resulting from faulty installation, misuse, illegal use, or modification of this product. EXPORT NOTICE: This is an item controlled for export by the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). These controls take the form of export regulations and license requirements. As part of the express consideration provided for receipt of Fire Control Unit’s goods, technical data and/or services, you, our customer, acknowledge that the export, re-export or other transfer, directly or indirectly, of the goods, technical data and/or services provided by Fire Control Unit in violation of U.S. law is prohibited. Customers acquiring ITAR goods, technical data and/or services from Fire Control Unit shall be responsible for obtaining any necessary U.S. or other government authorization required to ensure compliance with applicable export laws.

weapons_science

http://jacquesdebeaufort.blogspot.com/2008/02/licorne.html

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Licorne was a test of an experimental thermonuclear device for the TN-60 warhead; the fourth thermonuclear test conducted by France. The nuclear device was suspended from a balloon, which was filled with 14,000 cubic meters of helium, 500 meters (1600 feet) feet over the Dindon testing sector. 3,700 men stationed on Mururoa were evacuated for this test. An observer described the Licorne detonation as being a “a stupendously beautiful pillar of fire piercing a perfectly symmetrical mushroom.” Six hours after the explosion, Debré and the visiting correspondents returned to the main base on Mururoa. Debré reportedly swam in the Mururoa lagoon during this time to make the reporters think the radiological effects of the nuclear tests were harmless.

weapons_science

https://beneluxrf.com/session/multifunctional-mimo-radar-as-drone-payload/

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Multifunctional MIMO radar as drone payload Mini-UAVs, with a payload of a few kilograms, are increasingly being used for a multitude of sensing tasks, and are equipped with many different types of small sensors. The benefits of radar are well-known, but very few radar systems exist for this category of platforms, because of the size and power requirements of most radar systems. TNO has gained broad experience with design and operation of compact small multi-channel radar systems, for advanced synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and ground moving target indication (GMTI) modes, as well as ground-based short-range surveillance tasks. For mini-UAV platforms we have designed a new radar sensor that allows both conventional and novel multi-beam SAR and GMTI modes. The 32-channel omnidirectional design (patent pending) is quite different from any existing small SAR.

weapons_science

https://sg.usembassy.gov/fact-sheet-on-u-s-security-assistance-for-ukraine/

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Fact Sheet: U.S. Security Assistance for Ukraine President Biden today announced an additional $800 million in security assistance to Ukraine, bringing the total U.S. security assistance committed to Ukraine to $1 billion in just the past week, and a total of $2 billion since the start of the Biden Administration. The assistance will take the form of direct transfers of equipment from the Department of Defense to the Ukrainian military to help them defend their country against Russia’s unprovoked and unjustified invasion. The new $800 million assistance package includes: - 800 Stinger anti-aircraft systems; - 2,000 Javelin, 1,000 light anti-armor weapons, and 6,000 AT-4 anti-armor systems; - 100 Tactical Unmanned Aerial Systems; - 100 grenade launchers, 5,000 rifles, 1,000 pistols, 400 machine guns, and 400 shotguns; - Over 20 million rounds of small arms ammunition and grenade launcher and mortar rounds; - 25,000 sets of body armor; and - 25,000 helmets. In addition to the weapons listed above, previous United States assistance committed to Ukraine includes: - Over 600 Stinger anti-aircraft systems; - Approximately 2,600 Javelin anti-armor systems; - Five Mi-17 helicopters; - Three patrol boats; - Four counter-artillery and counter-unmanned aerial system tracking radars; - Four counter-mortar radar systems; - 200 grenade launchers and ammunition; - 200 shotguns and 200 machine guns; - Nearly 40 million rounds of small arms ammunition and over 1 million grenade, mortar, and artillery rounds; - 70 High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicles (HMMWVs) and other vehicles; - Secure communications, electronic warfare detection systems, body armor, helmets, and other tactical gear; - Military medical equipment to support treatment and combat evacuation; - Explosive ordnance disposal and demining equipment; and - Satellite imagery and analysis capability. In addition to the U.S.-produced short-range air defense systems the Ukrainians have been using to great effect, the United States has also identified and is helping the Ukrainians acquire additional, longer-range systems on which Ukraine’s forces are already trained, as well as additional munitions for those systems. The United States continues to expedite the authorization and facilitation of additional assistance to Ukraine from our Allies. At least 30 countries have provided security assistance to Ukraine since the Russian invasion began. In 2022, the Department of State authorized third-party transfers of defensive equipment from more than 14 countries, a number that continues to grow as Allies and Partners increase support to Ukraine.

weapons_science

http://www.augstskola.com/raiders-wrath-the-terrifying-beauty-of-the-viking-battle-axe.htm

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Few weapons have captured the imagination and struck fear into the hearts of both enemies and allies alike as the Viking battle axe. With its formidable blend of functionality, craftsmanship, and sheer brutality, the Viking battle axe stands as an embodiment of the Viking warrior spirit and a testament to their masterful metallurgy. At first glance, the Viking battle axe may seem like a crude instrument of destruction, but a closer examination reveals a delicate balance between brutality and elegance. The weapon’s head, typically forged from iron or steel, bears a distinctive design a crescent-shaped blade on one side, while a pointed spike extends from the other. This asymmetrical arrangement allowed the Viking warrior to execute a variety of combat maneuvers with astonishing efficiency. The curved blade facilitated devastating sweeping strikes, capable of cleaving through armor and bone with a single blow. Meanwhile, the spike served as a gruesome alternative for close-quarters combat, puncturing shields and finding gaps in an opponent’s defense. But it was not just the functionality that set the Viking battle axe apart it was the intricate craftsmanship that went into its creation. Viking blacksmiths were skilled artisans, and each battle axe was a work of art as much as a weapon of war. Intricate patterns were often etched onto the blade, depicting scenes from mythology, religious symbols, or simply designs that held personal significance to the warrior wielding it. These engravings turned the battle axe into a storytelling canvas, narrating the tales of the wielder’s deeds and lineage. The handle, usually crafted from wood, displayed its own touch of elegance. It was not uncommon to find elaborately carved handles, adorned with runes, spirals, and other decorative motifs. The handle’s length allowed for both one- and two-handed grips, offering versatility in combat styles. This adaptability made the wikinger axt kaufen a weapon of choice for both skirmishes and pitched battles, where its weight and reach provided a lethal advantage. The mere presence of a Viking bearing this weapon would often sow panic among enemy ranks, as they witnessed the carnage it could unleash. The whistling sound as the axe cleaved through the air, followed by the bone-chilling thud as it met its mark, must have been etched into the nightmares of those unfortunate enough to face it on the battlefield. The Viking battle axe was more than a tool for combat it was a symbol of a way of life. It represented the Vikings’ fierce independence, their connection to their gods, and their commitment to honor and glory. The artistry and craftsmanship that went into its creation were an expression of their reverence for the divine and their dedication to perfection in every aspect of their lives. Today, the Viking battle axe continues to capture the imagination, not only as a historical artifact but as a representation of the Vikings’ enduring legacy. As we gaze upon the remnants of these weapons, we are reminded of the fierce raiders who once roamed the seas, leaving an indelible mark on the world – a mark that is as sharp and enduring as the edge of their mighty battle axes.

weapons_science

https://www.ericksonmedia.com/the-atomic-soldiers/

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American guinea pigs They were American soldiers, and they were made to witness the testing of the largest atomic bomb ever exploded above ground in the United States. They were guinea pigs, there to be studied on the physical and psychological effects of human bodies and minds in proximity to an atomic explosion. It’s been over 50 years and to see the effect this still has on these men is sobering. As you probably know, the United States, Russia and China are once again adding new and more powerful weapons in their atomic arsenals. Treaties to limit nuclear weapons, negotiated and signed by President Reagan and General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev, have been allowed to expire without any new limits on testing and deployment of these new weapons. And then, of course, there’s the expansion of those nations that already have, or soon will have, nuclear weapons, including North Korea, Pakistan, and India. If merely seeing one nuclear bomb explode leaves soldiers this shaken, imagine the impact of a nuclear exchange. Imagine the unimaginable, because only we can insist this madness end.

weapons_science

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My wife and I are going shooting tonight with our daughter and some friends. It is good to keep up your feel for your weapon, and be gun safe, so I like my wife to shoot our .40 cal Beretta every so often so she will remember what to do if she ever has to do it. A Secret Service agent tried to teach my wife to shoot with his Glock, but it was too light for her. She does much better with the heft of our 96 Centurian. She went from barely getting something in the target at 15 feet to getting all of them in the torso when I tried helping her with the Beretta. Sometimes all you need is a little weight. She is a natural. If you are going to own a gun, you should practice with it enough that you can safely bring it to bear if that is ever necessary. There is more to shooting than just hitting the target, but you have to be able to do that. Skills should be kept up for everyone’s safety, especially those innocent bystanders.

weapons_science

https://newoutdoorlifestyle.com/how-to-sharpen-a-hunting-knife-4/

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To sharpen a hunting knife, use a sharpening stone, honing steel, or electric sharpener. Keeping your hunting knife sharpened is essential for a variety of reasons, from ensuring a clean cut while field dressing game to preventing injury. The good news is that you can sharpen your knife at home with the right tools. There are several options to choose from, including sharpening stones, honing steels, and electric sharpeners. Each method has its pros and cons, so it’s important to understand how to use each one properly. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at each method and provide step-by-step instructions for sharpening your hunting knife. Understanding Your Knife Different Types Of Hunting Knives And Their Purposes Hunting knives are essential tools for any hunter. They come in an array of different shapes, sizes and types that offer unique purposes to meet various hunting needs. Here are the most common types of hunting knives and their respective purposes: - Drop point: This popular hunting knife features a curved edge with a dropped tip, making it ideal for skinning or field dressing game. It’s also useful for slicing meat and cutting through flesh and bone. - Clip point: Clip point knives are sleek and versatile with a concave, clipped edge. They work well for stabbing, piercing or slicing, but also performs well for skinning and dressing game. - Gut hook: These knifes are ideal for gutting and skinning large animals such as deer or elk. The gut hook allows hunters to easily slice through skin and flesh without damaging internal organs. - Straight blade: This type of hunting knife has a simple design that works well for slicing meat, carving, or skinning game. It’s a dependable option for hunters looking for a classic knife that can handle various tasks. Parts Of A Hunting Knife Hunting knives are made up of specific parts that contribute to its overall function, such as the tang, blade, and handle. Here are the essential parts of a hunting knife: - Blade: The blade is the knife’s primary edge. It’s the part of the knife that cuts, slices, and stabs. Hunting knives can have different blade shapes, points, lengths, and edges so make sure you choose a knife with a blade that perfectly matches your hunting needs. - Tang: The tang is the portion of the blade that runs through the handle. It provides the blade its stability and durability. A full tang is considered the most durable and sturdy option for hunting knives. - Handle: The handle is the part of the knife that hunters hold onto when using it. Handles can be made from a variety of materials, each with their advantages and disadvantages. When choosing a handle, look for one that provides a comfortable grip for extended use. - Bolster: The bolster is the part of the knife where the blade meets the handle. It helps balance the knife and provides a smooth transition from the blade to the handle. Basic Concepts Of Sharpening Hunting Knives Sharpening a hunting knife is an essential skill for any hunter. Here are the basic concepts of sharpening hunting knives: - Angle: The angle at which you sharpen your hunting knife will determine its sharpness. Most hunting knives should be sharpened at a 20-degree angle. However, some specialty knives require a different angle. - Technique: When sharpening a hunting knife, start with a coarse grit to remove any nicks or chips in the blade. Use a finer grit to polish the blade to a razor-sharp edge. Use a honing tool to maintain the blade’s edge between sharpening sessions. - Frequency: The frequency of sharpening hunting knives depends on how often you use it. Generally, the heavier the use, the more frequently the knife should be sharpened. Avoid waiting too long to sharpen your knife as this can damage its blade and reduce its lifespan. So, understanding your hunting knife is essential for its sharpness and durability. Consider its various shapes, sizes, and types, along with the critical parts it consists of before heading out into the field. Choosing The Right Sharpening Method A hunting knife is a crucial tool for a successful hunt, and to maintain the functionality of this essential equipment, it’s essential to keep it sharp. Keeping your hunting knife well-maintained not only makes it easier to perform different cutting tasks but also prolongs the blade’s lifespan. Understanding The Different Types Of Sharpening Methods When it comes to sharpening a hunting knife, there are several methods available. Some of the most common methods are: - Honing: This involves using sharpening steel to maintain the sharpness of the blade. Honing straightens the blade’s edge, making it more polished and removing the small burrs. - Manual sharpeners: They are compact devices that come with sharpening stones, carbide, and ceramic. Using one method at a time, these sharpeners sharpen and hone the blade. - Electric sharpeners: They are larger and more expensive and work by using a rotating abrasive wheel for sharpening. - Whetstone: This sharpening method involves using a whetstone to continuously rub the blade’s edge back and forth till desired sharpness is achieved. - Belt sander: This method is generally faster in grinding and honing the blade. It utilizes a powerful motor with honing belts of different grits to sharpen a knife. Pros And Cons Of Each Type Of Sharpening Method - Honing: Pros: easy to use, enhances the sharpness; cons: doesn’t sharpen dull knives. - Manual sharpeners: Pros: compact, affordable, easy to use, sharpening and honing in one device; cons: cannot sharpen a knife to the exact angle. - Electric sharpeners: Pros: fast and efficient in sharpening, perfect angle and sharpness can be achieved, durable; cons: expensive, can heat the blade, requires professional maintenance. - Whetstone: Pros: versatile, inexpensive, ensures the perfect edge; cons: requires some training, time-consuming. - Belt sander: Pros: effective speed in sharpening; cons: professional maintenance required, not suitable for low-end knives, excessive use can destroy blade structure. Factors To Consider Before Choosing The Right Sharpening Method When choosing the right method to sharpen your hunting knife, several factors must be considered: - The knife type: A serrated or straight blade knife requires different types of sharpening techniques. - Purpose: The sharpening method depends on the purpose the knife will serve, such as skinning, filleting, or field dressing. - Experience level: Some methods are easy to use, while some require skill and experience. - Personal preference: Some hunters prefer the whetstone, while others prefer using electric sharpeners for their convenience. Choosing the right sharpening method for your hunting knife depends on various factors, such as the knife type, personal preference, and experience level. Understanding the pros and cons of each sharpening method can help you select the best option for your needs. Regardless of the method you choose, keeping your hunting knife sharp enhances performance and prolongs its lifespan. Preparing Your Knife For Sharpening Cleaning And Removing Any Corrosion Or Rust Before you begin sharpening your hunting knife, it is crucial to clean and remove any corrosion or rust on the blade. Here are a few essential steps to follow: - Soak a rag or paper towel in warm soapy water to loosen any dirt or debris on the blade. - Gently wipe the knife blade with the rag or towel to remove any dirt or grime on it. - If there is any rust or corrosion on the blade, you can use a rust remover solution to get rid of it. Apply the rust remover solution to a soft cloth, and gently rub the blade until the rust is completely gone. - Rinse the blade with warm water, and dry it with a clean towel. Proper Handling Of The Knife To Prevent Accidents Hunting knives are incredibly sharp and should be handled with extreme care. Here are some tips on how to handle your knife safely: - Always hold the knife in your dominant hand. - Keep your fingers away from the blade’s edge and point when you hold the knife. - Never walk or run with a knife in your hand. - Be cautious when you are handing a knife to someone else. Always hold the handle and present the blade facing downward. - Always keep the sharpened edge of the blade away from your body and facing away from you while sharpening. Checking For Any Potential Damage Before Sharpening Before sharpening your hunting knife, it is essential to examine it thoroughly and check for any potential damage. Here are a few things you should look for: - Check if the blade is bent or chipped. If it is, do not attempt to sharpen it, as it may further damage the blade. - Look for any cracks or chips in the blade’s edge. Small chips can be sharpened out, but larger ones may need professional services. - Run your fingers along the blade’s edge to check for any nicks or burrs. If you find any, use a sharpening stone to remove them before sharpening. By following these critical steps before sharpening your hunting knife, you can ensure a safe and successful sharpening session that results in a sharp, durable blade. Happy hunting! Sharpening Your Hunting Knife A dull hunting knife is a frustrating and potentially dangerous tool. That’s why it’s important to keep your blade sharp and ready for action. Here’s a step-by-step guide to sharpening a hunting knife, using different methods. Step-By-Step Guide To Sharpening A Hunting Knife Using Different Methods Method 1: Using A Whetstone Whetstones are a classic tool for sharpening knives and are popular with many hunters. Here’s how you can use them: - Start by soaking your whetstone in water for 5-10 minutes. - Hold your knife at an angle of 20 degrees to the stone, with the edge of the blade facing away from you. - Using light pressure, move the blade across the stone, following the curve of the blade. Make sure to maintain the same angle throughout the stroke. - Repeat the process on both sides of the blade until the edge is sharp. Method 2: Using A Honing Rod A honing rod is another popular tool for sharpening hunting knives. Here are the steps: - Hold the honing rod vertically in your non-dominant hand. - Grip the handle of the knife in your dominant hand, and place it on the rod near the base of the blade, at a 20-degree angle. - With light pressure, move the blade across the rod, keeping the angle consistent throughout the stroke. - Repeat the process on both sides of the blade until the edge is sharp. Method 3: Using An Electric Knife Sharpener Electric knife sharpeners are a quick and easy way to sharpen your hunting knife. Follow these steps for best results: - Turn on your electric knife sharpener and select the appropriate setting for your knife. - Hold the blade of the knife against the sharpening wheel, at a 20-degree angle. - Run the blade through the sharpener several times, checking frequently to ensure the edge is sharp. Common Mistakes And How To Avoid Them When it comes to sharpening your hunting knife, there are a few mistakes that are commonly made by beginners. Here are a few to avoid: - Using too much pressure when sharpening your knife, which can damage the blade. - Sharpening at the wrong angle, which can also damage the blade. - Overusing the sharpener, which can wear down your blade too quickly. - Neglecting to clean your knife after sharpening, which can lead to rust and corrosion. Tips And Tricks For Getting The Best Results To get the best results from your sharpening efforts, try these tips and tricks: - Use a honing rod or whetstone regularly to maintain your blade’s sharpness. - Take your time when sharpening to avoid damaging your knife. - Clean your knife after each use to prevent rust and corrosion. - Use a sharpening guide to help you maintain a consistent angle when sharpening. - Consider seeking professional sharpening services for best results. With these tips and tricks, and a little patience and practice, you can maintain a sharp hunting knife that will serve you well for years to come. Stropping And Honing Definition And Importance Of Stropping And Honing Your Hunting Knife Sharpening a hunting knife is a crucial aspect of maintaining its quality and durability, especially when you’re on the field. There are several ways to sharpen a hunting knife, and one of the most effective ways is by stropping and honing it. Stropping and honing are two separate processes that work hand-in-hand. Stropping usually involves using a leather or fabric strip to polish and refine the edge of the blade, while honing is the process of using a sharpening stone to remove minor burrs or chips from the edge of the blade. Stropping and honing your hunting knife helps it maintain its sharpness and reduces the chances of it becoming dull. It also increases the knife’s lifespan and makes it more efficient when being used to prepare game meat. How To Properly Strop And Hone Your Hunting Knife Stropping and honing a hunting knife are easy processes that you can do in the comfort of your home. Here’s how: Proper Stropping Technique: - Start by attaching a leather or fabric strip to a flat surface, such as a table or workbench. - Apply a small amount of honing compound or polishing paste on the leather or fabric. - Hold the knife at a 20-degree angle and move it across the strop in a backward and forward motion, ensuring that you maintain the angle throughout the process. - Repeat this process about 10 times on one side of the blade and then switch to the other side. - After you’ve completed both sides, wipe the blade clean with a cloth. Proper Honing Technique: - Start by wetting your sharpening stone with water or oil, depending on the type of stone you’re using. - Hold your knife at a 20-degree angle and position it on the stone. - Move the blade in a circular motion while ensuring that you maintain the angle throughout the process. - Repeat the process about 10 times on one side of the blade and then switch to the other side. - After you’ve completed both sides, wipe the blade clean with a cloth. Tools And Equipment Required For Stropping And Honing To properly strop and hone your hunting knife, you’ll need a few tools and equipment: - A leather or fabric strop - Honing compound or polishing paste - A sharpening stone - A lubricant (water or oil, depending on the type of stone you’re using) Having these tools and equipment at hand will ensure that you can effectively sharpen your hunting knife whenever you need to. It’s essential to invest in quality tools and equipment to guarantee that you achieve the desired results. Stropping and honing your hunting knife is an essential step in maintaining its quality and durability. Ensuring that you adhere to the proper techniques and use the right tools and equipment will help you achieve optimal results that will make your knife efficient for as long as possible. Testing Your Knife’S Sharpness Sharpening your hunting knife is a critical part of maintaining your equipment. It is essential to ensure that your knife is sharp enough to handle whatever task you have in store. Testing the sharpness of your knife is crucial to maintain its performance. In this section, we will discuss different techniques for testing your knife’s sharpness and identifying when it needs to be sharpened again. Techniques For Testing The Sharpness Of Your Hunting Knife There are several ways to test the sharpness of your hunting knife. Here are some popular techniques: - Paper test: One of the easiest and most effective ways to test the sharpness of your hunting knife is the paper test. Hold a piece of paper at the corner, and gently drag your knife down the length of the paper. A sharp knife will slice through the paper with ease, while a dull knife will rip or tear the paper. - Hair test: Another popular method is the hair test. Hold a strand of hair between your fingers and run your knife blade down the hair. A sharp knife will slice through the hair, while a dull knife will bend or break the strand. - Tomato test: The tomato test is also a common way to test the sharpness of your hunting knife. Try slicing through a tomato with your knife. A sharp knife will make a smooth cut through the tomato without crushing it, while a dull knife will crush or tear the tomato. Identifying When Your Hunting Knife Needs To Be Sharpened Again Knowing when to sharpen your hunting knife is just as critical as being able to sharpen it correctly. Here are some signs that your knife needs to be sharpened again: - Dull blade: If your hunting knife struggles to perform even basic cutting tasks, it’s time to sharpen the blade. - Blunt point: If the point of your knife has become blunt rather than pointed, it’s time to sharpen it again. - Visible nicks: If you can see nicks or chips in the blade of your knife, it needs to be sharpened to remove them. Testing the sharpness of your hunting knife is essential for its optimal performance. Trying different techniques can help you determine when it’s time to sharpen the blade again. By following these techniques, you can keep your hunting knife in excellent condition for years to come. Maintaining Your Hunting Knife Sharp knives are an essential tool when it comes to hunting. A dull hunting knife is unwieldy, difficult to use and can lead to some dangerous slips and mishaps. Therefore, regular maintenance is critical to ensure that your hunting knife remains sharp and safe to use. Here are some tips on how to keep your hunting knife sharp and in good condition: Proper Care And Maintenance Tips For Maintaining The Sharpness Of Your Hunting Knife To maintain the sharpness of your hunting knife, you need to ensure that your knife is clean, dry, and well-oiled. Here are some essential tips: - Cleaning: Always clean your hunting knife after every use. Use warm soapy water and a soft-bristled brush to clean off any dirt, grime, or bloodstains. Make sure that you dry the knife thoroughly with a clean, dry cloth before storing it. Avoid using harsh detergents, as they can damage the blade and handle. - Honing: Honing is the process of straightening the edge of the blade using a honing steel. Run the blade at a 20-degree angle along the steel, drawing it down the entire length of the blade. Repeat this process several times on both sides of the blade. Honing frequently will help to keep the knife sharp and free from nicks. - Sharpening: Sharpening your hunting knife is essential to maintain its sharpness. Use a sharpening stone or sharpening kit to sharpen the blade. Start by lubricating the stone with oil or water before running the blade across the stone at a 20-degree angle. Repeat the process on both sides of the blade until you achieve a sharp edge. - Oil the knife: Regularly oiling the knife can help prevent rust on the blade and keep it well-maintained. Use a good quality oil and apply a few drops on the blade and handle, then rub it in with a clean cloth. Best Practices For Storing Your Hunting Knife To Keep It Sharp And In Good Condition Storing your hunting knife correctly is crucial to keep it sharp and in good condition. Here are some tips for storing your hunting knife: - Store it dry: Always store your hunting knife when it is clean and dry to prevent any rust from forming. Moisture is the enemy of any blade, so make sure that it is dry before storing it. - Store it safely: Keep your hunting knife in a safe and secure place where no one can accidentally bump it or knock it over. A protective sheath is also a great way to ensure that the blade remains safe while storing it. - Store it in an upright position: Storing your hunting knife in an upright position is best as it helps prevent the blade from getting bent or damaged. A magnetic knife block is an excellent option for this type of storage. - Store it in a low humidity environment: High humidity can lead to rust and corrosion, which can damage your hunting knife. Therefore, it is best to store your knife in a dry environment to prevent any moisture from accumulating. Maintaining your hunting knife is essential if you want it to remain sharp and in good condition. Remember to clean the blade after every use, hone and sharpen it regularly, oil it, and store it in a safe and dry place. By following these tips, you can ensure that your hunting knife remains a reliable tool for years to come. Frequently Asked Questions On How To Sharpen A Hunting Knife How Can You Tell If Your Hunting Knife Needs Sharpening? If your knife struggles to make a clean cut, snags on the material being cut, or leaves frayed edges, it needs to be sharpened. You can also check for dullness by holding the blade up to a light and looking for light reflectivity on the edge, indicating bluntness. What Angle Should You Sharpen A Hunting Knife? The ideal angle for sharpening a hunting knife is between 15-20 degrees. A smaller angle creates a finer edge that is better suited for slicing, while a larger angle creates a sturdy edge that is better for chopping tasks. Do You Need A Special Tool To Sharpen A Hunting Knife? No, you do not need a special tool to sharpen a hunting knife. However, it is important to use a sharpening stone that is the appropriate grit for your knife, or use a honing rod to straighten and sharpen the blade’s edge. Should You Lubricate Your Sharpening Stone? Yes, it’s important to lubricate your sharpening stone when sharpening your hunting knife. A few drops of water, sharpening oil, or honing solution on the stone reduce friction, prevent damage to the stone and create a cleaner sharpened edge on the blade. How Often Should You Sharpen A Hunting Knife? How often you need to sharpen your hunting knife depends on how frequently you use it. However, it is generally recommended that you sharpen your knife after every use, especially if it has been used to process meat, to ensure consistent performance and prolong its lifespan. After following the steps outlined in this guide on how to sharpen a hunting knife, you should be more confident in maintaining the edge of your blade. Remember to select the correct sharpening tool and angle for your specific knife, and to work patiently and deliberately through the stages of sharpening. If you are in the field and don’t have access to a sharpening stone, utilizing a honing rod can help to maintain your edge until you return home. Keep your knife sharp and ready for use by regularly performing maintenance and sharpening, and you’ll be well-equipped for any hunting or outdoor adventure that comes your way.

weapons_science

https://patrickarmstrong.ca/2011/02/25/russia-and-us-missile-defence/

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Note February 2016. These were done for the Russia Profile Weekly Experts’ Panel which I cannot find on the Net now. Many were picked up by other sources and I have given links where I can find them. Missile defence is prudent: while there may be no realised threats at present, there may well be in a decade and, since any system will take time to emplace, starting today makes sense. Moscow knows that it could also be on the target list. From Moscow’s perspective, involvement in a defence scheme with NATO has difficulties. The first is trust. The West likes to think that it is honourable and open but Moscow is not so convinced. NATO expansion took place despite a promise made to Gorbachev and it was soon evident that it was an expansion to include anyone but Russia. Distrust was hardened by the Kosovo war which Moscow perceived as NATO arrogating to itself the right to decide where borders should be. The “coloured revolutions” in Ukraine and Georgia (do we still count the “Tulip Revolution”?) intensified the distrust. And the West’s uncritical swallowing of Saakashvili’s story in the Ossetia war made things worse. But events have moved on: NATO expansion appears to be over, NATO no longer boasts about successes in Kosovo, the “coloured revolutions” have failed and Saakashvili is no longer the democratic darling. (I have argued elsewhere that we are seeing a “third turn” in the West’s view of Russia; http://www.russiaotherpointsofview.com/2010/11/the-third-turn.html#more). But Moscow is no longer, as perhaps it was in the early 1990s, prepared to take NATO at its word. The second problem involves the “higher nonsense” of nuclear calculations. I say “nonsense” because, even if a defence system could stop 90% of Russia’s warheads, the 10% that got through would constitute by far the greatest disaster that the USA had ever suffered. Even a “small” nuclear exchange would be an unimaginable catastrophe for each, no matter which “won”. Nonetheless, people in the nuclear business do make these calculations of first-strikes, secure second-strikes and all the rest. I suspect, however, that Moscow’s nuclear arsenal has as much to do with prestige as anything else. Many in Moscow are still frightened by the possibility that Russia could become an insignificant country helplessly watching other mightier powers make decisions. Being the second nuclear power is some assurance that it will not be ignored. Moscow is also aware that for a significant sector of Western opinion – shrinking I believe, but still influential – Russia is the eternal enemy. For these people, President Obama’s decision to stop the plan for missile defence in Poland and the Czech Republic was a betrayal and a sell-out to Moscow (despite the fact that previously they had argued that the deployments had nothing to do with Russia). (See http://www.russiaotherpointsofview.com/2009/09/unguided-missiles.html#more). For these reasons Moscow is cautious and sceptical: NATO’s assurances cannot be taken at face value; Russia’s theoretical “nuclear deterrence” could be weakened; the significant anti-Russia group (and Moscow probably takes it more seriously than it deserves) will always work to twist any intentions against Moscow’s interests. Nonetheless, given the threat posed to NATO and Russia by what used to be called “rogue states” with small numbers of nuclear weapons and missiles, a common defence makes sense. A compromise between the two positions is not hard to imagine: Russian and NATO sectors as separate but integrated at a central headquarters. Similar solutions have been found before – NORAD, for example – and with good will, something like that could square the circle. An effective defence could be built and Russians would be assured that it was not pointed at them. When one considers how far this issue has evolved – all previous Russian efforts to get involved having been rejected – some optimism is warranted.

weapons_science

https://nij.gov/topics/technology/body-armor/Pages/standards.aspx

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Body Armor Performance Standards Comments sought! NIJ is seeking feedback from the public on two draft documents. - A proposed revision of NIJ Standard 0101.06, Ballistic Resistance of Body Armor. - A proposed specification of the threat levels and associated ammunition intended for use with voluntary NIJ Standards that specify a minimum performance requirement for U.S. law enforcement equipment intended to protect against handgun and rifle ammunition. Comments must be received by 5 pm on May 23, 2018. Download the draft documents and comment sheets. Understanding Threat Levels When purchasing armor, it is important for agencies to consider the threats their officers face. We have some new resources to help: NIJ has been setting voluntary body armor standards since 1972. The NIJ standard is the only nationally accepted standard for the body armor worn by law enforcement and corrections officers. NIJ also administers a program to test commercially available armor for compliance with the standards to determine whether the vests meet NIJ's minimum performance standards. The NIJ ballistic resistance standard classifies body armor by levels of ballistic performance. For any performance level, NIJ's test protocol requires that the bullet does not perforate the vest and that the vest protects against blunt trauma. NIJ's stab resistance body armor standard specifies the minimum performance requirements for body armor to protect the torso against slashes and stabs from knives and spikes; it also describes the associated testing procedures. The standard includes three performance levels, which are based on the armor's ability to prevent a perforation deep enough to injure an officer's internal organs at different strike force speeds. The standard also includes two protection classes: one for high-quality, commercially produced knives and another for lower-quality knife blades and improvised spikes that are likely to be present in a corrections environment. Date Modified: February 22, 2018

weapons_science

http://riehlworldview.com/2012/08/video-550-pound-wwii-bomb-being-detonated-in-munich-at-night.html

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Video: 550 pound WWII bomb being detonated on streets of Munich at night The 550 pound bomb on right may have been a relic but that doesn’t mean it wasn’t dangerous. It’s believed that from 5%-10% of over 2 million tons of bombs dropped on Germany during WWII did not detonate. Though the area was evacuated for the controlled detonation, some homes did catch fire from the explosion. A video via NBC is below the fold. Nearly 3,000 residents were evacuated from the heart of Munich after construction workers found an undetonated, 550-pound World War II bomb. The evacuation, which affected several blocks in the busy party district of Schwabing, was ordered by local officials as a routine security measure. On Monday night, experts from the Munich bomb disposal squad determined that the explosives were not equipped with a “normal mechanism,” but a chemical, delayed-action detonator.

weapons_science

http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/worldwar2/theatres-of-war/western-europe/investigation/hamburg/sources/photos/1/

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Catalogue ref: AIR 34/742 Submarine pens showing five of the many submarines which were in the final stages of assembly in the Hamburg dock area. Most of the submarines had been damaged by British bombs at some time during their construction but they had been repaired. This is an intelligence photograph showing U boat construction in Hamburg. The RAF would have had many photographs of Hamburg. Most would have been taken from the air. The war began in 1939 and went well for Germany at first. By 1940 Hitler controlled most of Western Europe, apart from Britain. He then attacked the USSR in the summer of 1941. This became the main campaign of the war. However, Britain was anxious to try and help her Soviet allies. Britain did not have the resources to attack Germany on the ground but they did have a fleet of heavy bombers that could attack Germany by air. When the USA joined the war in December 1941 they also had heavy bombers. From 1942 until the end of the war they pounded German targets. The bombing continued even after the D-Day landings in June 1944. Hamburg was an important target for many reasons. Within these submarine pens U boats were built and repaired. They were a huge threat to Allied shipping. Another factor was that Hamburg was comparatively near to Britain and was thus a slightly less difficult target. Possibly the main reason to use area bombing against Hamburg was that precision bombing was so inaccurate. A report in 1941 showed that most bombs did not fall within five miles of their target. Also, daylight raids on well defended targets led to huge losses of aircraft and aircrew. As a result, the RAF Bomber Command chief Sir Arthur Harris decided to use area bombing. Basically, this meant destroying the whole city so that the industrial targets would be destroyed and so would civilian housing. Use the debate summary table to record your choice of sources.

weapons_science

https://www.bestreviews.guide/crossbows

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A Guide to Purchasing a Crossbow How should you choose a crossbow? Are you a hunting enthusiast, but you aren’t too fond of using guns? Consider buying a good crossbow. Perfected back in medieval times, a crossbow is a very powerful weapon that is horizontally-mounted before it is used to shoot the target. A crossbow uses bolts which serve as arrows, which are released using a trigger, with a mechanism very similar to that of a gun. If you are new to the world of weapons, choosing the right crossbow can be pretty exhausting, because there are quite a few options, and every manufacturer in the market claims that their model is the best. But, with a few useful tips compiled from experts and customer feedbacks, it is possible to get the best crossbow in the market! What is a crossbow? Crossbows use an elastic launching device consisting of a short-bow, also called a prod, mounted horizontally on the tiller, a sear to hold a string in cocked position, and a trigger to release it. Types of Crossbows What is the most popular type of crossbow? The recurve bow is the most common traditional bow used for target shooting and bowhunting. The name "recurve" comes from the curl of the crossbow's limbs, but it is most often associated with the end that points towards the target. Curves at the end help to keep the crossbow string in place and prevent it from wandering. What should you consider before buying a crossbow? After going through several crossbow reviews, we have found out that there are a few factors that users should consider before buying the device. Purchase according to your physique: You should choose your crossbow depending on your physical strength and height. If hunting is a regular activity for you, then the high-powered crossbows are more suitable. Most quality crossbows will weigh within 150 and 175 pounds, while some exceed 200 pounds. The bigger the device, the better it will be for hunting, but you also have to be able to carry the device. Define your purpose: The first thing to identify is your purpose for buying a crossbow. It could be for target practice or for real deer hunting. Maybe you want it just for fun with friends, or you may be serious about your shooting. For casual use, you may not really bother about the weight and size of the crossbow. If you want to use it for serious hunting, ensure that you check the weight: It should be convenient to move around with it. Make sure you get the appropriate broadheads as well. Check for the noise level: For expert hunters, it is important that their bows are very silent. Crossbows with parallel limb (as opposed to split limb) compound bows offer quieter shooting. Budgetary considerations: Think about your budget: if you are buying the crossbow for the first time, choose a crossbow package which includes everything, including a crossbow, arrow points, arrows, quiver, a scope sight, and a cocking device. A high-end sophisticated crossbow might cost between $300 and $1000, while a bargain model will be less expensive, but its construction will not be as strong, and it will suffer from being less accurate as well. The initial velocity of the arrows: Most seasoned hunters want their crossbows to shoot with the initial velocity of 300 feet per second. This kind of velocity ensures that the arrow gets the right kinetic energy to kill any big animal. At the same time, it will have a longer range, which is essential for you to have a clean and accurate shot. The crossbows should be able to be drawn with enough tension to allow for a greater velocity. Ideally, you should choose a compound crossbow if you want a fast shot. Take note of the triggering mechanism: You should test shooting with your crossbow frequently, in order to get familiar with when the trigger will send the arrow. Practice your shooting with and without gloves, to know what kind of triggering you need for your crossbow. Always choose good quality bolts: The right size of the bolts can determine the speed as well, so be very particular when choosing the bolts that are perfect for your crossbow. Cheaper bolts will not last long. Both aluminum and carbon bolts work well, but the most rugged and high-tech bolts are made from carbon. Accuracy: Crossbows can shoot up to 60 or even 80 yards, depending on the quality, scope, and brand of the equipment. Scopes can be classified into two types: multi-dot and multi-crosshai. Generally, experienced archers prefer multi-crosshair scopes over pinpoint shots, as they can be used to prevent incorrect angling if set up properly. As a beginner, you usually want a crossbow with a 30- to 35-yard reach, whereas crossbows with a 60- to 80-yard range are suitable for more experienced archers. Bolt Speed: In general, the faster the arrow, the harder it hits the target. Increasing speed, however, decreases your crossbow's ability to tolerate even the slightest error of aim or draw and puts unnecessary strain on various parts of the bow. Hence, it is recommended to choose a crossbow that strikes the right balance between speed and accuracy, but not too much so that it makes your shots more challenging. Tracks:This is the grooved area on the crossbow where the bolt rides. With a more precise groove, you can shoot more accurately. Tracks can be made of aluminum, carbon, or composite materials. The least expensive materials are composites, but they are also the least accurate and durable. Aluminium tracks tend to be more expensive than composites, but they are stronger and allow for more precise shooting. As for carbon fiber, it allows you to achieve a lightweight yet durable track. Weight: The heavier the crossbow, the more stable and faster it usually is. While a lighter crossbow is easier to transport around, it requires more skills when shooting since it is less stable. To choose the right weight, consider both your body type and the type of activity you will do.

weapons_science

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S E C R E T STATE 010394 E.O. 12958: DECL: 02/04/2039 TAGS: PARM, MTCRE, PREL, KN, SU SUBJECT: (S) INFORMING SUDAN OF U.S. CONCERNS REGARDING MISSILE PURCHASES FROM NORTH KOREA Classified By: ISN/MTR Director Pam Durham; Reasons 1.4 (B), (C) AND (D). 1. (U) This is an action request. Embassy Khartoum, please see paragraph 3. 2. (S) Background/Purpose/Objective: The United States has information that in 2008, Sudan was negotiating a weapons deal with the North Korean government that included purchasing North Korean medium-range ballistic missiles, short-range missiles, and anti-tank missiles. We want to raise this information with Sudanese officials, urge them not to engage in missile-related cooperation with North Korea, and emphasize that such a deal would be a clear violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1718. In addition, we want to note that the ballistic missiles North Korea sells, such as Scud and No Dong systems, are considered to be "Category I" missiles by the multilateral Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) because of their range and payload capabilities, and because they are inherently capable of delivering weapons of mass destruction (WMD). As such, Sudan should consider that its acquisition of WMD-capable ballistic missiles would be destabilizing to the region and the international community's perception of Sudan's commitment to maintaining peace with the Southern Sudan. 3. (S) Action Request: Request Embassy Khartoum approach appropriate Sudanese officials to deliver talking points/non-paper in paragraph 4 and report response. Talking points also may be provided as a non-paper. 4. (S) Begin talking points/non-paper: (SECRET REL SUDAN) -- We would like to request your assistance in addressing a matter of potential missile proliferation concern. -- The United States has information that as of Fall 2008, Sudan was negotiating a high-value weapons deal with the North Korean government. -- We understand that this deal included the sale to Sudan of North Korean medium-range ballistic missiles, short-range missiles, and anti-tank missiles. -- As you know, the United States places an extremely high priority on nonproliferation and is concerned by information indicating that Sudanese entities or individuals might be engaging in missile cooperation with North Korea. -- The acquisition of ballistic missiles from North Korea would be a clear violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1718, which bans the export of such goods by North Korea and requires Member States to prohibit the procurement of such items from North Korea, by their nationals. UNSCR 1718 also requires each Member State to prevent the transfer by its nationals or from its territory of technical training, advice, services, or assistance related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance or use of -- In addition, most of the ballistic missiles North Korea sells, such as Scud and No Dong systems, are considered to be "Category I" missiles by the multilateral Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). Such missiles, which are capable of delivering a payload of at least 500 kilograms to a range of at least 300 kilometers, are internationally recognized as being inherently capable of delivering weapons of mass -- Sudan should consider the effect of the acquisition of such ballistic missiles on neighboring countries. Sudan's purchase of ballistic missiles would be destabilizing to the region and a particular concern to neighbors within range of the missile. These countries would obviously question whether they were the intended targets of these weapons and whether Sudan intended to use these missiles to attack them. -- Sudan should also consider the effect of the acquisition of ballistic missiles on the international community's perception of Sudan's stated commitment to maintaining peace with the Southern Sudan and in reaching resolution of the Darfur conflict. Sudan's purchase of ballistic missiles could threaten Southern Sudan militarily and undermine the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, as well as send a message of hostility to armed rebel groups in Darfur. -- Given the serious implications of cooperation with North Korea in the procurement of missiles or missile-related technology, we strongly urge Sudan not to engage in such missile activity with North Korea. -- We look forward to hearing from you soon on any clarification you can offer on this matter. End talking points/non-paper 5. (U) Washington POC is ISN/MTR James Mayes (Phone: 202-647-3185). Please slug any reporting on this issue for ISN/MTR, AF/SPG and EAP/K. 6. (U) A word version file of this document will be posted

weapons_science

https://admin.clutchprep.com/physics/textbooks/serway-9th-edition-978-1133947271

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A 1.25-kg wooden block rests on a table over a large hole as in the figure. A 5.00-g bullet with an initial velocity vi is fired upward into the bottom of the block and remains in the block after the collision. The block and bullet rise to a maximum height of 22.0 cm. Calculate the initial velocity of the bullet from the information provided. A cannon is rigidly attached to a carriage, which can move along horizontal rails but is connected to a post by a large spring, initially unstretched and with force constant k = 2.00 X 104 N/m, as shown in the figure. The cannon fires a 200-kg projectile at a velocity of 125 m/s directed 45.0° above the horizontal. Assuming that the mass of the cannon and its carriage is 5000 kg, (a) Find the recoil speed of the cannon. (b) Determine the maximum extension of the spring. (c) Find the maximum force the spring exerts on the carriage. (d) Consider the system consisting of the cannon, carriage, and projectile. Is the momentum of this system conserved during the firing? Why or why not? A bullet of mass m = 8.00 g is fired into a block of mass M = 250 g that is initially at rest at the edge of a table of height h = 1.00 m. The bullet remains in the block, and after the impact the block lands d = 2.00 m from the bottom of the table. Determine the initial speed of the bullet. A 3.00-kg steel ball strikes a wall with a speed of 10.0 m/s at an angle of θ = 60.0° with the surface. It bounces off with the same speed and angle as shown in the figure. If the ball is in contact with the wall for 0.200 s, what is the average force exerted by the wall on the ball? A rod of length 30.0 cm has linear density (mass per length) given by λ = 50.0 + 20.0x where x is the distance from one end, measured in meters, and λ is in grams/meter. (a) What is the mass of the rod? (b) How far from the x = 0 end is its center of mass?

weapons_science

https://wwswimming.com/qa/is-it-illegal-to-carry-a-ghost-gun.html

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- Does the government keep records of gun purchases? - Can ghost guns be traced? - What does AR stand for? - What guns do ATF agents carry? - What is a replica firearm? - Is it illegal to carry a prop gun? - Can I carry a fake gun on Halloween? - Are Fake guns illegal? - Are bullets traceable? - What is a ghost Glock? - What guns do FBI agents carry? - Can a BB gun kill a human? - What is imitation firearm? - Does ATF know what guns I own? Does the government keep records of gun purchases? Federal law requires licensed firearms dealers to maintain records of gun sales for at least 20 years, including information about the firearm(s) being purchased, as well as the purchaser. Federal law prohibits the federal government from collecting firearm sales records in a central repository, however.. Can ghost guns be traced? And none of this is to mention the added challenge of ghost guns used in crimes, which often can’t be traced at all. … “We’re not able to trace that firearm. We’re not able to piece together that chain of distribution.” What does AR stand for? ArmaLite RifleHere’s a quick history lesson on why AR-15 has become the umbrella term for a range of semi-automatic rifles made by a host of gun makers. “AR” comes from the name of the gun’s original manufacturer, ArmaLite, Inc. The letters stand for ArmaLite Rifle — and not for “assault rifle” or “automatic rifle.” What guns do ATF agents carry? Members of ATF special agent ranks are issued the Glock 19M as their primary duty weapon and are trained in the use of, and issued, certain rifles and shotguns. The ATF Special Response Team (SRT) is armed with Colt M4 assault rifles and other firearms. What is a replica firearm? A replica firearm is a device that is not a real firearm, but one that was designed to look exactly, or almost exactly, like a real firearm. Is it illegal to carry a prop gun? A: Carrying a toy gun is not illegal, however, it’s pretty stupid! … The notion that you will stop a criminal from an action by the use of a toy or fake gun is unrealistic and can lead to you getting shot or injured. Can I carry a fake gun on Halloween? Whether it completes the costume or not, don’t let kids, or adults for that matter, carry real weapons. If they are carrying a fake gun, take the opportunity to teach them some basic gun safety. Even a fake gun should not be pointed at anything you do not want to destroy. Are Fake guns illegal? It is considered a crime to wield a look-alike or replica gun (e.g., toy gun, airsoft gun) in public. If a toy gun or replica gun is used to commit a crime in Chicago, then that person is treated as though they had actually used a real firearm. Are bullets traceable? A barrel will produce individual markings in addition to a bullet’s land and groove impressions as the bullet passes through, and it is these unique markings that an examiner evaluates to determine whether a given bullet was fired from a particular firearm. What is a ghost Glock? LOS ANGELES — A handgun that looks and fires just like a Glock 9mm has no serial number, is completely untraceable and 100 percent legal. It’s known as a “ghost gun,” and we bought one online with no background check or waiting period. … After a safety check and test-firing, Reitz put the gun through its paces. What guns do FBI agents carry? Agents carry Bureau-issued or approved handguns and may be issued additional equipment as needed. Those in specialized areas like the Hostage Rescue Teams may also be issued weapons that fit their duties. Agents are allowed to carry personal weapons, provided they do not violate the policies regarding firearms. Can a BB gun kill a human? BB guns can kill a person. High-velocity BB guns, which have muzzle velocities higher than 350 feet per second, can increase this risk. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission has reports of about 4 deaths per year caused by BB guns or pellet rifles. What is imitation firearm? Imitation Firearms An imitation firearm means “any thing which has the appearance of being a firearm (other than such a weapon as is mentioned in section 5(1) (b) of this Act), whether or not it is capable of discharging any shot, bullet or other missile.” section 57(4). Does ATF know what guns I own? “ATF does not maintain a federal gun registry, therefore, records are not kept on the sales of firearms, private sales or information on individual purchasers,” an ATF spokesperson told ABC News. Domenech said it’s “safe to say there are hundreds of millions of firearms” in the country.

weapons_science

https://victormochere.com/top-10-most-advanced-fighter-jets-in-the-world

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In the world of modern warfare, fighter jets play a crucial role in ensuring air superiority, strategic defense, and the projection of military power. Over the years, technological advancements have led to the development of highly sophisticated and capable fighter aircraft, that incorporate cutting-edge technology to achieve superior performance, stealth, and versatility. These cutting-edge aircraft are the vanguards of modern air forces, capable of dominating the skies, conducting a range of missions, and projecting power across the globe. Here are the top 10 most advanced fighter jets in the world. 1. Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, often referred to as the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF), is arguably the most advanced and versatile fighter jet in the world. Developed by the United States with contributions from several NATO allies, the F-35 comes in three variants: the F-35A (conventional takeoff and landing), F-35B (short takeoff and vertical landing), and F-35C (carrier-based). Its key features include stealth capabilities, advanced avionics, and a highly integrated sensor suite, making it a formidable force in both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions. 2. Sukhoi Su-57 The Sukhoi Su-57, also known as the PAK FA (Prospective Airborne Complex of Frontline Aviation), is Russia’s fifth-generation stealth fighter. Equipped with cutting-edge avionics and radar, the Su-57 boasts supercruise capabilities, allowing it to sustain supersonic speeds without afterburners. Its advanced maneuverability and sensor fusion technology make it a potent adversary in air-to-air combat. 3. Chengdu J-20 Mighty Dragon China’s Chengdu J-20, often compared to the American F-22 Raptor, is a fifth-generation stealth fighter designed to give China a decisive edge in the Asia-Pacific region. It is a stealth aircraft designed for air dominance and multi-role combat. The J-20 features impressive aerodynamics, advanced avionics, and an array of long-range air-to-air and air-to-ground missiles. Its development signifies China’s ambition to assert its air power on the global stage. 4. Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor The F-22 Raptor, developed by Lockheed Martin, is one of the most formidable air superiority fighters ever built. It’s a fifth-generation stealth aircraft that combines supercruise capability (the ability to sustain supersonic speeds without using afterburners), advanced avionics, and unmatched maneuverability. The F-22 is equipped with cutting-edge radar and avionics systems, allowing it to engage multiple targets simultaneously. 5. Eurofighter Typhoon The Eurofighter Typhoon is a collaborative effort by European nations, including the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, and Spain. This multi-role fighter jet boasts exceptional agility, advanced electronic warfare systems, and a robust air-to-air and air-to-ground combat capability. It has proven its worth in various international conflicts and continues to be a formidable presence in European skies. 6. Dassault Rafale The Dassault Rafale is a French twin-engine versatile multirole fighter with advanced radar and electronic warfare capabilities. It is highly regarded for its agility, versatility, and advanced avionics. It can perform air-to-air combat, ground attack, reconnaissance, and nuclear deterrence missions. The Rafale boasts impressive range and payload capacity. 7. Saab JAS 39 Gripen The Saab JAS 39 Gripen is a Swedish-made fighter jet renowned for its affordability and versatility. It is designed for both air defense and ground attack missions. It features advanced avionics, sensor fusion, and a wide range of modern weaponry. The Gripen’s small size, high operational readiness, and advanced electronic warfare capabilities make it a favorite among smaller nations with limited defense budgets. 8. Boeing F-15EX The Boeing F-15EX is an upgraded version of the iconic F-15 Eagle, boasting fifth-generation technology while retaining the airframe’s proven performance. It is a heavy-duty air superiority fighter that excels in speed and altitude. The F-15EX incorporates modern avionics and weaponry, ensuring its effectiveness in contemporary conflicts. It offers advanced radar, sensor fusion, and the ability to carry a vast array of weapons. 9. Chengdu J-10 Vigorous Dragon Chengdu J-10 Vigorous Dragon is a medium-weight, single-engine, multirole combat aircraft capable of all-weather operations, configured with a delta wing and canard design, with fly-by-wire flight controls, that is designed to perform air-to-air and air-to-ground missions. It’s equipped with advanced avionics, radar systems, and precision-guided munitions. 10. Mikoyan MiG-35 The Mikoyan MiG-35 is a versatile multirole fighter designed to replace aging MiG-29s in Russian and export markets. It is a highly maneuverable, multi-role aircraft designed for air superiority and ground attack missions. It boasts advanced avionics, radar, and precision-guided weaponry. The MiG-35’s affordability and performance make it an attractive option for countries seeking capable fighter jets. Fighter jets are the epitome of modern military aviation with each offering unique capabilities to meet the diverse needs of their respective nations. These aircraft showcase remarkable capabilities in terms of stealth, agility, avionics, and network-centric warfare. Their development and continuous improvement reflect the ongoing competition among nations to maintain air superiority and protect their interests in an increasingly complex and contested global security landscape.

weapons_science

https://www.tacticalbox.co.uk/blog/the-ultimate-airsoft-glossary

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HELP US BUILD THE ULTIMATE AIRSOFT GLOSSARY! GBB, AEP, FPS? Think back to when you first starting airsofting, you were probably a little confused and trying to get your head around these terms. One of our goals here at Tactical Box is to build a bigger and better airsofting community. Part of this involves bringing in new players and helping them to get to know the game. We’ve started building a glossary of airsoft terms to help out new players, but we’re sure we’ve missed some out. If there are any terms or abbreviations you think would be helpful for a new player to know, send us a message (and if you’re the first + we add it to the list, we’ll credit you)! |AEG||Automatic Electric Gun (Imitation guns powered by electricity through a battery)||@tacticalboxairsoft| |GBB||Gas Blow Back (Imitation guns powered by gas, usually CO2 or Green Gas)||@tacticalboxairsoft| |AEP||Automatic Electric Pistol (Imitation pistols powered by electricity through a battery)||@tacticalboxairsoft| |EBB||Electric Blow Back (Imitation guns powered by electricity through a battery with a built in blow back system)||@ShireAirsoft| |DMR||Designated Marksman Rifle (Usually a semi-auto locked rifle with a slightly higher fps than any regular AEG)||@ShireAirsoft| |HPA||High Pressure Air (A system which uses highly compressed air to fire airsoft guns)||@airsoftred.one1110| |ACR||Adaptive Combat Rifle (A file that allows you to change roles while on the field with the addition of fully interchangeable parts)||@ShireAirsoft| |ACU||Army Combat Uniform (This refers to the uniform currently in service in your country. The ACU ‘cut’ comes in different patterns based on country)||@ShireAirsoft| |BFG||Blank Firing Grenade (An imitation grenade usually taking a blank 9 milometer or shotgun cartridge and causes a loud bang)||@ShireAirsoft| |BBs||The ammunition used in airsoft, small spherical plastic balls (even smaller than a pea!)||@tacticalboxairsoft| |FPS||Feet Per Second (A rate to measure how fast your plastic bb is travelling)||@tacticalboxairsoft| |ROF||Rate of Fire (The number of BBs you are firing out of your gun per second)||@607_airsoft| |Hi/Mid/Low-Cap||High/Middle/Low-Capacity Magazine (These refer to the amount of BBs you can hold in your magazine)||@607_airsoft| |LiPo||Lithium Polymer (A common type of battery used for AEPs)||@milk_b4_cereal| |Semi-Auto||Semi-Automatic (The function on your gun which fires one BB each time you pull the trigger)||@tacticalboxairsoft| |TM||Tokyo Mauri (A reputable airsoft brand) from Japan||@tacticalboxairsoft| |G&G||Guay Guay Armament (A reputable Airsoft Manufacturer)||@ShireAirsoft| |Stock||The end of the weapon which usually rests on your shoulder||@ShireAirsoft| |RDS||Red Dot Sight (An accessory attachment for your gun which helps to improve your accuracy)||@milk_b4_cereal| Terms / Phrases |Clock Directions||Refer to where other players or objects are in reference to you (E.g. 6 o’clock is behind you)||@dxr_demon| |CQB||Close Quarter Battle (An arena or area where players are a closer distances)||@henry.ash2105| |Skirmish||An organised airsoft battle||@ShireAirsoft| |JPC||Jumpable Plate Carrier (A certain type of wearable vest which allows the insertion of metal plates for protection, but in airsoft they are usually replaced with foam plates)||@nimbodelonkey| |RIF||Replica Imitation Firearm||@ShireAirsoft| |UKARA||United Kingdom Airsoft Retailers Association||@ShireAirsoft|

weapons_science

https://globalmaritimehistory.com/flying-off-platform-evolutionary-dead-end/

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Welcome to Matt Willis, who is joining the BritishNavalHistory team and will be contributing on a number of topics, including the Fleet Air Arm and 20th century Royal Navy history. In this blog, Matt examines one effort by the Royal Navy to incorporate aircraft into the fleet. Aircraft that took off and landed directly on water were an important part of the infancy of naval aviation, but possibly the most significant development made in this field by the Royal Navy during the First World War was the ability to fly landplanes off warships. While by the end of the conflict the concept of the dedicated aircraft carrying ship had become established, the idea of creating tiny flight decks fitted to fixed or revolving platforms to allow battleships and cruiser to carry one or two aircraft also seemed worthwhile. The early success of these platforms even when better alternatives were available arguably lead to a dead-end in naval aviation, which provided a detrimental influence into design of naval aircraft well into the post-First World War period. Experiments in launching aircraft from warships had begun in the years before the First World War, almost as soon as aeroplanes became a practical means of transport. Eugene Ely took off and landed a Curtiss pusher from anchored USN warships in October 1910. Just over a year later, in January 1912, Lieutenant C.R. Samson flew a Short S.38 from a ramp mounted to the bow of HMS Africa. The Royal Navy’s experiments were somewhat more sustained than those of the US Navy, and included the first take-off from a ship at sea, in May 1912. In 1912 the armoured cruiser HMS Hermes was modified with a hangar, and a launching ramp fitted on the bow. She was recommissioned the following year as the parent vessel for the Aeroplane and Airship section. That development was relatively short-lived, but persuaded the RN that there was merit in ships that could carry aircraft. A collier under construction at the Blyth Shipbuilding Company was selected and became the second HMS Ark Royal. When construction finished in 1914, the Ark Royal became the first ship in the world to be completed as an aircraft-carrying ship. It was also the largest seaplane carrier of the war, at 7,020 tons displacement. Ark Royal was designed to carry both float planes and land planes, though once launched the latter would be required to return to land. By the time Ark Royal commissioned in 1915, the value of shipborne seaplanes had been proven. The daring raid on Cuxhaven did little damage to the dockyards, but it panicked German authorities and caused the High Seas Fleet to withdraw ships to more distant anchorages. Rather than operating with the Home Fleet, Ark Royal was dispatched to the Mediterranean and was quickly on hand when the Dardanelles campaign began. The ship reached Tenedos, 15 miles from the Dardanelles, on 17 February. Within two hours of its arrival, one of Ark Royal’s aircraft was dispatched on a combat reconnaissance flight, demonstrating the potential for rapid power projection that even this rudimentary form of aircraft carrier could provide. The Ark Royal’s aircraft took part in reconnaissance and gunnery spotting for British ships during the campaign and the subsequent landings at Gallipoli. Experiments in the launching of landplanes from cruisers and battleships initially continued in parallel with the development of dedicated seaplane carriers. In the early part of the First World War four cruisers had fixed ramps fitted, but the practical difficulties proved too great and, from August 1915, the experiment was curtailed. Nevertheless, the value of flying aircraft directly from warships at sea was recognised, and trials with launching ramps took place aboard the battlecruisers HMS Renown and HMAS Australia in 1917. German naval zeppelins posed an increasing threat to naval operations. The zeppelins had excellent range and ability to loiter, and combined an early strategic bombing role with an ability to reconnoitre for the German navy. Royal Navy operations could lose the element of surprise at a single stroke. It had become important for the Royal Navy to find ways of launching high-performance aircraft that could intercept the Zeppelins. During the Battle of Jutland, no fewer than five German naval Zeppelins were deployed to locate the British ships. They had been unable to due to poor visibility, but more were deployed the following morning and at first light, L-11 located the main British force. By then, the battle was over, but the sighting of the Grand Fleet prevented further sweeps that might have located some of the damaged German vessels attempting to limp home. It was around this time that the idea of fitting launching ramps to cruiser was once again raised. HMS Caledon and HMS Cassandra were among the first vessels so fitted. These ramps were built on the foredeck, and extended from the bridge structure out over the bow gun in such a way that its movement was not impaired. The flying-off decks added relatively little topweight, and it was ordered that one ship in each of the light cruiser squadrons should be so fitted. A number of light cruisers had platforms fitted in 1917-18, to accommodate aircraft such as the Sopwith 2F.1 ‘Camel’ single-seat scout aircraft. Although much smaller than capital ships such as battleships and battle cruisers, light cruisers had the advantage of speed and manoeuvrability, with their powerful steam-turbine machinery promising speeds of over 30 knots, meaning that an aircraft would need very little take-off roll to become airborne. The potential of the arrangement could be seen in the flight by Flight Sub Lieutenant B.A. Smart on 21 August 1917. Smart was the pilot of a Sopwith Pup carried by HMS Yarmouth of the 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron. At 0530, the ‘Q-Class’ zeppelin L23 was spotted. This airship was a veteran of 51 reconnaissance missions and three bombing raids. Yarmouth turned into wind and Smart used the Pup’s excellent climbing capability to put his aircraft above the zeppelin, and was able to take advantage of the lightly loaded biplane’s manoeuvrability to keep himself out of the defensive machine guns’ fields of fire. Making his final attack from around 100 yards, Smart saw incendiary bullets enter the airship’s stern, and L23 quickly caught fire and crashed. A further development was the adaptation of the Admiralty Seaplane Lighter as an alternative to the cruiser-mounted platform. The lighter was initially developed to carry large flying boats, were supposed to be towed by destroyers to an offshore location to extend their patrol range. It was soon realised that by fitting a small platform to the lighter, it could be used in exactly the same way as the cruiser platforms. The Seaplane Lighter was a carefully-designed, sophisticated vessel that had to perform a number of potentially conflicting tasks. They were relatively large, at around 60ft long and almost half as wide, dwarfing launches and other small vessels. The hull form was a shallow ‘vee’ at the stern with a hard chine and slab sides. At the bow, the chine swept upwards and the ‘vee’ became progressively deeper. The overall shape was not far removed from later high-speed launches, as the lighter had to be towed at speeds of up to 30 knots. Even with a large Felixstowe F2A flying boat aboard, the lighter would ride up on its own bow-wave in a semi-planing condition. The lighter could not be steered, but two large fins were attached to the underside at the stern to keep the lighter tracking at high speeds. These Lighters were arguably the first purpose-designed ‘aircraft carriers’. In 1917 and 1918, the Royal Naval Air Service (and later the RAF) developed the ability to fly scout and reconnaissance aircraft from platforms placed on top of battleship turrets. The turrets could be traversed so the ship did not even need to steam directly into the wind for the platform to be correctly aligned. A lengthways trestle carried the aircraft’s tailskid, maintaining the aircraft at the correct attitude. The engine was run up while the aircraft was restrained, and following release the aeroplane would reach flying speed by the end of the platform. Light cruiser turrets were too small, but a purpose-built rotating platform for launching was fitted to more than 30 light cruisers in place of the fixed foredeck ramp previously used. This structure no longer required the vessel to steam directly into wind to launch the aircraft. The use of revolving platforms as mini flying-off decks was still continued in the mid 1920s when the Fairey Flycatcher and Parnall Plover – the first properly new postwar naval fighter designs – entered service, although the increasing weight and size of military aircraft was making the application less and less practical. The Flycatcher is today considered a small and lightly-loaded aircraft, but its full service weight was more than double that of the Sopwith Pup. Despite this, flying-off platforms continued to be used for this new fighter. The Royal Aircraft Establishment’s work on aircraft catapults was beginning to bear fruit by this time – the first ‘live’ aircraft launch from a catapult fitted to an operational warship, HMS Vindictive, took place in October 1923. The potential for launching aircraft at much higher loadings must have been apparent, yet the RN continued to develop some aircraft with the ability to take off from cruisers and battleships entirely under their own power. Experimentation at the National Physical Laboratory’s wind-tunnel, and later ‘live’ tests from HMS Caledon seemed to prove that the use of platforms was still valid despite the rapid growth in size and weight of naval fighters. The philosophy briefly held sway that aircraft carriers should be restricted to reconnaissance and offensive aircraft, while fighters should be carried on gun-armed warships. In 1924, a number of comparative deck landing took place aboard HMS Argus, the first flush-decked aircraft carrier. The Parnall Plover and Fairey Flycatcher competed in order to decide which should equip the Fleet Air Arm’s fighter units. These tests included operation both from aircraft carrier decks and cruiser/battleship platforms. In July, a 17 foot long structure was fitted to the after end of the carrier’s flight deck to replicate a flying-off platform. A number of take-offs and landings were carried out, and it was concluded that both the Flycatcher and the Plover powered by the Bristol Jupiter would be able to operate from battleships with 20 knots of wind over the deck, and from cruisers with 28 knots of wind. It was decided that the standard Jaguar III-powered Flycatcher, already in limited service, did not have sufficient performance to be deployed aboard either type. The need to conclude the protracted trial period put considerable pressure on the RN. It was noted that the platform trials continued through difficult weather and conditions that “put a considerable strain on the endurance of the pilots taking part, particularly when launchings had to be repeated by the same pilots at short intervals.”i The continued insistence on using turret platforms revealed the difficulties in designing aircraft to take advantage of new, more powerful engines, increase performance, retain sufficient robustness to operate at sea, and take off in as short a distance as a platform afforded. The Admiralty and the Air Ministry were presented with a dilemma. The improved Plover, powered by the more powerful Jupiter engine, had a significantly better performance than the standard Flycatcher, which was important for operation from warship platforms. However the construction, structural strength and service life of the Plover were in doubt. In July 1924, Plover N9704 of 405 Flight crashed in the river Eden when its upper wing centre-section partially collapsed. Less serious but still worrying structural issues had come to light during the ongoing trials. A conference on the situation regarding the Flycatcher and Plover was held on 1 August 1924. ii At the August 1924 meeting, the Air Staff, RAF, RN and Admiralty thrashed out the arguments. The Flycatcher, it was felt, had proved itself to be perfectly robust during limited operational service, and its handling and performance although slightly inferior to the improved Plover, were still found praiseworthy by pilots in their own right. Although the Flycatcher was felt to be unsuitable for cruisers and battleship flying with the standard Jaguar III engine, the powerful Jupiter engine degraded the Flycatcher’s fine deck landing characteristics and its general suitability. The RN did not want to introduce two types into service, and the representatives went so far as to consider replacing the Flycatchers in service with Plovers, or retaining the existing Flycatchers alongside a smaller number of Plovers which would be used exclusively for flying off ship platforms. This latter suggestion seemed to be a non-starter, as the Chief of the Air Staff had declared in June 1924 that “The Air Staff Policy is that for types of which comparatively few [aircraft] will be required, such as Fleet Fighters, Fleet Spotters, Army Co-operation Aeroplanes, only one type of aeroplane and engine is to be used in the service.”iii Fears about the Plover’s structural weakness proved hard to overcome. The Chief of the Air Staff noted widespread fears that the Plover “would not stand the strain imposed upon it” and later that he “frankly would not trust to the Plover”.iv Nevertheless, it was considered that for the Flycatcher to use the Jupiter, it would have to be completely redesigned, and there was no guarantee that the redesign would be successful. The factor that did most to tip the balance finally in favour of the Flycatcher was the availability of the improved Jaguar powerplant. Armstrong Siddeley had increased the available power from 325 hp to 360hp and then to 385 hp, with a variant that would become the Jaguar IV. It was a gamble on the part of the Air Staff and Admiralty, as the improved Jaguar was unproven at the time of the August 1924 conference and had not passed its type tests. In fact, during the later trials aboard Argus, the officer in charge of the programme sanctioned the inclusion of a 385 hp Jaguar-powered Flycatcher, even though the Air Staff and Admiralty had asked for trials only on the Jupiter-powered machines. The experiences there, and earlier in the year at Northolt, persuaded most of the service pilots that the Flycatcher had a performance that was, in most regimes, equal to or only slightly poorer than that of the Plover, but with the benefit of much greater robustness and practicality. In August, the 385 hp Jaguar IV passed its service tests and the decision was therefore made that the Flycatcher with this engine would be the Fleet Air Arm’s main fighter “definitely until 1926”. (Oneone factor in the decision not to proceed with the Plover was the feeling that a substantially better aircraft would be available in a few years and in those circumstances it was not worth changing from the Flycatcher).v Orders for over 100 further Flycatchers were placed in 1924, and subsequent orders brought the total number of Flycatchers, including prototypes, to 193. By the mid-1920s, however, Fairey’s insistence on prioritising structural strength was borne out when the RN started to switch to catapults powered by compressed air, and subsequently by cordite charges, developed at the RAE at Farnborough. Flycatcher floatplane N9913 was trialled from HMS Vindictive’s catapult in 1925, which proved the aircraft’s suitability and detachments of Flycatchers later served aboard catapult-equipped ships from 1926. As naval aircraft became ever larger and heavier, it also became necessary to find ways to accelerate take-off in calm conditions. Flycatchers (including N9947) were used to test the RAE’s compressed-air powered accelerator (‘accelerators’ differed from catapults in the Royal Navy’s view as they assisted the take-off of an aircraft along a runway or flight deck, as opposed to catapults, which required a crane for the aircraft to be mounted) between 1928 and 1933, and their robust construction again proving ideal. This formed the basis of the systems which would be used on British aircraft carriers until the jet age. The Flycatchers of the final production batch, S1409 to S1418, were distinguished as ‘catapult type’ in the order of March 1930.vi By 1925, it was clear that the generation of naval fighters coming after the Flycatcher would have serious difficulty in operating from platforms, and that catapults the solution. Moreover, by the late 1920s, the use of ‘accelerators’ to increase the flexibility of aircraft carrier operations, meant that structural strength was paramount in naval aircraft, and striving for low enough weight for platform take-off was impractical – as shown by the Plover. In 1926, when the Air Ministry issued a specification for the Flycatcher’s replacement, the requirement for platform launching had been dropped – just two years after such considerable effort had been made to ensure the Fleet Air Arm’s fighter aircraft could operate from them. The fitting of catapults to warships was slow, and many retained their platforms until the early 1930s. The initial development of the platform had afforded a relatively easy way to provide air cover and additional reconnaissance to the Fleet in the First World War, but its success potentially encouraged the RN to persist with it longer than any other air arm, to the detriment of the further development of the Royal Navy and Fleet Air Arm. i Report of pilot on launching and landing trials of Flycatcher (Jupiter) and Flycatcher (Boosted Jaguar), in Trials of Fleet Fighters Flycatcher and Plover, Air 5/240, National Archives iii New Types of Aeroplane, 12 June 1924, in Trials of Fleet Fighters Flycatcher and Plover, Air 5/240, National Archives iv Conference into Plover and Flycatcher, 1 August 1924, in Trials of Fleet Fighters Flycatcher and Plover, Air 5/240, National Archives v ‘In two years time or so we may evolve something really much better, which would be worth changing over for’ – CAS quoted in minutes of conference into Plover and Flycatcher, 1 August 1924, Air 5/240 vi Sturtivant, R. and Cronin, D., Fleet Air Arm Aircraft, Units and Ships 1920 to 1939, Air Britain 1998, p. 176

weapons_science

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The art of krabi krabong Thai weapons system. Not just the study of Thai weapons but the Way of the Warrior, an understanding of the art of combat, tactics and technique. Krabi Krabong was developed for fighting in the war or battlefield of the ancient Siamese warriors. It can normally be adapted to use with Muay Boran, another art of Thai fighting without a weapon. Imagine the ancient Thai (Siamese) people fighting with these weapons on the backs of great elephants (for higher-ranking warriors like generals or royalty) or another kind of large animal like buffalo in the past. The great and memorable history that has kept Siam an independent country like today. Krabi Krabong teaches the student how each weapon is effective and how this extends to their body’s natural weapons using the same principles. The style of fighting has some relation with another Southeast Asian fighting such as Malay silat, Cambodian kbach kun boran and Burmese banshay. The system’s main weapons are the curved sword (krabi), which are normally wielded as a pair, and staff (krabong). Krabi krabong weapons includes: - Krabi: single-edge sword - Krabong: staff/pole - Daab song mue: double swords for each hand - Lo: shield/buckler made from wood or buffalo hide - Phlong: stick/cudgel - Ngaw or Ngau: bladed staff - Mai sok san: a pair of clubs worn on the forearms At 313 Training Studio, we have specialist (Ajarn) who will show you the historical background of Thai Krabi krabong. We will empower you to learn each kind of weapon correctly. Contact us here to make your schedule with 313 Training Studio.

weapons_science

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When we think about WW1, we nearly always think about the images of the trenches, the mud, barbed wire and the desolation. It’s easy to forget the fact that German bombs also fell on the UK, attacking civilians. It is now estimated that more than 8,500 bombs were dropped killing over 1400 people and wounding thousands more. The first bomb was dropped in Dover on Christmas Eve 1914 when the war was a mere 5 months old. This was intended for the castle as it was being used by the military but it missed its target and landed in a garden in Taswell street. The Germans used zeppelins and aircraft to deliver their payloads. A zeppelin was a type of airship constructed with a metal frame that was covered with fabric and then filled with hydrogen gas. It was powered by engines mounted to a fuselage that swung underneath. These were difficult for the British to shoot down with anti-aircraft guns as they would fly higher than the guns could reach. Probably the most famous incident during WW1 involving a zeppelin occurred over Hertfordshire on the night of 2/3 September 1916. This is when Lieutenant William Leefe Robinson shot down Shutte-Lanz SLII zeppelin from his BE”c night fighter aircraft. For this, he was awarded the Victoria Cross.

weapons_science

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ROCKSTEAD HIGO X-IW-ZDP Rockstead Knives produce some of the best knives in the world due to their outstanding choice of quality materials, their cutting edge manufacturing techniques and processes as well as their attention to detail in regards to the fit and finish of the knives they produce. These knifes features phenomenally smooth action, resulting from phosphor-bronze washers and tight tolerances. The knives have dual thumb studs on the blades to aid in easy, ambidextrous one-handed opening/closing. Rockstead knives are known for their phenomenal sharpness and boast producing the world’s sharpest knives. They are able to achieve this with their Honzukuri/Hamaguri (convex) edge grinds, which allow for having a thick blade without sacrificing any sharpness. The polishing process takes the knives from #400 grit, then #800, #1200, and finally to #2000 grit before final buffing to achieve that gorgeous mirror polish. This ensures an edge that is mind-blowingly sharp and one that will stand up to rigorous use while maintaining and edge that will last for quite a while. 肥後”HIGO” in Japanese means “the old name of the “kyushu” district in Japan” - Overall Length: 8.375″ - Blade Length: 3.50″ - Blade Material: ZDP189 (HRc 67 – APPROXIMATE) - Blade Finish: Mirror-Polished - Handle Material: Iron Wood & Titanium - Lock Mechanism: Steel Liner-Lock - Weight: 4.7 ounces - Includes Sheath

weapons_science

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I have owned or own Sig P229 & P226, Glock 17, 22, 23, & 27, HK P30 (.40), Kimber CDP & Custom, and a Wilson Combat CQB. I lived in Memphis, had a permit, carried daily, and shot IDPA twice a week. My favorite gun to shoot was the Wilson. It is amazing. Worth every penny to me. I carried it every day for about 2 years. HOWEVER ammo, maintenance, and weight ended me carrying it. I switched to the Glock 23 as my primary carry about 8 years ago and still carry it today. I've sent about 15,000 rounds through it and have never had a problem with it. EVER. I highly recommend them for defense. The Kimbers were beautiful and felt excellent in my hand, but I had various feed & ejection issues with them. I couldn't ever trust them to perform, so I don't recommend them. The Sigs were basic, average pistols to me. The Glock 22 was a little too big, the 27 too small. The HK is brand new to me and I've yet to fire it, but the feel of it is the best I've ever had in my hand. I can't wait to use it. Now, caliber. You can't beat .45 for one-shot stopping power. The .40 is a great round and I personally prefer it for my defense and carry because I'm carrying twice the rounds than I am with a 1911. So for me, my ideal is the Glock 23 in .40 - but I might have something different to say after a couple thousand rounds through the HK. Long gun. AR15.

weapons_science

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Safety is paramount. And when it comes to self-defense, having the right tools is crucial. In this comprehensive guide, we delve into the realm of air pistols available on Amazon, meticulously selecting the best options for self-defense. Discover power, precision, and peace of mind as we explore the top air pistols designed to keep you safe in any situation. What are the Best Air Pistols on Amazon for Self Defense? Best Overall - Umarex Glock 19 Gen3 .177 BB Gun Top-rated: 13,283 ratings | 667 answered questions Highlight:Integrated Weaver Rail For Easy Mounting Of Accessories, fixed Glock-Style Sights, And Officially Licensed Glock Markings. Shoot steel BBs at a velocity of up to 410 feet per second - The Glock 19 Gen3 .177 Caliber BB Gun Air Pistol is an excellent replica of the real Glock 19 handgun. This air pistol for self defense is designed to shoot steel BBs at a velocity of up to 410 feet per second, making it an ideal option for target shooting and plinking. One of the best things about this air pistol is its accuracy. The design of the pistol closely resembles the real Glock 19, and it has a fixed front sight and a rear sight that is adjustable for windage and elevation. This makes it easy to aim and shoot accurately, even at longer distances. The Glock 19 Gen3 .177 Caliber BB Gun Air Pistol is also well-made for self defense. It is constructed of high-quality materials that are durable and built to last, and it has a comfortable grip that is easy to hold and control. The pistol also has a smooth trigger pull that is easy to operate. Another great feature of this air pistol is its realism. The Glock 19 Gen3 .177 Caliber BB Gun Air Pistol has a similar weight and feel to the real Glock 19, making it an excellent option for training and practicing gun handling and shooting skills. It also has a realistic blowback action that simulates the recoil of a real firearm. Overall, the Glock 19 Gen3 .177 Caliber BB Gun Air Pistol for self defense is a great option for anyone who wants to practice their shooting skills or enjoy some target shooting or plinking. Its accuracy, quality, and realism make it an excellent value for the price, and its durable design ensures that it will last for years to come. - Mister Cali Top-rated: 5,283 ratings | 667 answered questions Highlight: New 21-shot, belt fed magazine design. I normally wouldn't write a review unless I dislike an item (to let other people know to avoid it). But I like this gun so much I figured I'd mention how great it is. I took it to a friend's house that has a real Glock 17, and literally you can't tell them apart unless you look straight down the barrel or pull the clip out. Even when looking at it at an angle, the end of the barrel has a 9 mm diameter. the end of the BB sized part of the barrel is recessed. So it's very realistic looking. I was looking at an exploded view of a Glock 17 online, and even the internal parts look very much like the real gun. I purchased a OEM adjustable Glock rear sight for it, because it shot a little bit to the left and somewhat low. The sight was only $23 on Amazon, good investment for this gun. so it can be aimed dead on at what you're shooting at. Otherwise if you have to aim high, all you see is the muzzle of the gun, and not the target you're shooting at. At 50 ft I can do a grouping of about 4 inches, which is pretty darn good for a very short barreled BB gun. Also I would recommend getting the steel BB's like someone else mentioned in their review. they're more accurate than the copper ones. after doing quite a bit of target practice I believe that to be true. I'd recommend anybody interested in this gun to make the purchase, you'll be satisfied in the quality and accuracy of it. — Jay F Vitek Finally, a Glock airgun replica that is so true to the actual firearm that I can use it to effectively train those who are new fire arm use. The weapon system weight, frame, blow back feature and magazine release feature are ultra-realistic to the actual Glock 17. Kuddos Umarex! You knocked it out the park with this one ! — Kenny Angus I bought this for my nephew. This gun is 100% worth the cost. He doesn’t want to put it away. The gun looks like a Glock, has a good weight to it, it’s easy to load and is accurate. As any co2 powered gun, it eventually loses power as the cartridge loses its gas. It has been shot everyday since Christmas and it has only used 1 co2 cartridge. The only recommendation I have is that the company needs to put in the information that IT REQUIRES RWS OIL to put on the cartridge for the O rings. This was not stated anywhere in the information of this gun and would not shoot it until it’s been oiled. I would recommend this gun and would buy it again. — Paulette Duffy Top-rated: 7,621 ratings | 706 answered questions Highlight: Sleek black, heavy-weight, full-metal body. Large and heavy - This is a heavy all metal air gun. Similar in style to the snubnose 38, but I have not seen a real one. I am assuming they might be a little smaller. It seems to be more accurate with pellets than BBs. At 35 feet I was hitting within an 8 inch diameter target. It seemed to shoot a little high and to the left, with only one bullseye, but that may very well have been my aim. I found the casings fit the Legends Cowboy Lever Action air rifle, and since I had purchased the Colt revolver casings they are interchangeable. However, my only complaint is with the slide safety/cylinder release. When I took the gun out of the plastic enclosure, I went to open the cylinder and found I could not move the slide from safety no matter how hard I pushed on the button. Almost giving up, I took a rubber mallet to it and forced it lose. I contacted Crosman and the support was helpful. Crosman's recommendation was to remove the screw holding the safety button and then work the slider repeatedly to remove the burr. They suggested a piece of wood to hit the slider so as not to scratch the finish or in my case a rubber mallet. But otherwise I'm happy with the gun. For the price, I highly recommend it. When I fired 42 shots I still had plenty of air left, so you might be able to get 100 shots from a single CO2 cylinder. — Ebastro Best price, quality, and replica! Don't waist your money on any other CO2 revolver. Stick a 6nk 4.5mm blanks and the spark and incredibly loud noise will control a situation in self defense with no harm. I have 500$ replica revolvers and only a few are almost as good. I swear when I bought this for 80$, trust me my family in law enforcement has made the same opinion too. This is better then any other revolver that is Co2 powered. DONT USE GAS! It is half the power of a Co2 cartridge. Also be careful what I told you because this can look so real with just a grey/black paint pen and a silver metallic paint pen for the ring around the barrel. It looks too real, so please be responsible. Police don't care if it's empty or if its just a plastic mold that looks real. They wont give you a fair chance or freedom. Keep it as safe as a real revolver and enjoy. It's the best on the market and the best for the money." — Remy Arroyo This is the best BB revolver you can buy. It has heavy weight, realistic feel and the loading is very realistic you can’t complain about anything. Ignore everyone else when they say there are problems with the safety and grip and hammer wiggles. No problems at all. Every gun comes the same. The safety is never stuck. All you have to do is push it hard to get off safety. And the grip is fine as long as you don’t rip it off like how other people do. And the hammer is definitely solid metal. When you cock it back, it’s strong as can be and ready to shoot. Highly recommend this to any revolver lover. You won’t regret it! — Drew Lewis Top-rated: 1,425 ratings | 348 answered questions This gun far exceeded my expectations in both quality and craftsmanship. As close to its real steel centerfiring big brother as I've seen in a bb gun. Full Metal except for the plastic grips, this pistol nearly matches in weight and feel to the actual firearm. Take down is nearly identical to the 92f that this pistol can be field stripped for cleaning/maintenance. Fires in DA/SA and Full auto. This is NOT a toy. This is NOT airsoft. Expect to go through plenty of co2 cartridges, as the full-auto mode will empty its 18 round mag in under 2 seconds. But will take another 5 mins to wipe the grin from your face. It's a blast to shoot! Full Metal slide, barrel, guide rod and heavy guide rod spring, the Blowback on this pistol has a very real hard kick comparable to a .22 rim fire cartridge. Full Metal and full size magazine holds 18 BBs and a 12g co2 cartridge making the grip a little wide for smaller hands. Front and rear sights are fixed and non adjustable. Accessory rail is perfect for tac light or laser. All in all a very fun air pistol." — Chris Gross Build quality is amazing, and this has been a blast to shoot, especially on full auto. Accuracy is pretty good on semi, but I’m sure others could get even tighter groups with more experience. I have noticed a couple problems though (nothing too major). First, it seems that every other magazine will double fire at least once, or fire two/three shots while on semi. Not a big deal, but unexpected and a little concerning. Another problem is that when girls are stripping, there is a small tab that keeps the slide from sliding all the way off. This tab ends up getting between the safety and the slide metal, so you have to push the slide to the left and forward to keep the tab from jamming it. Overall, the experience far outweighs the problems I’ve seen, and I am loving this purchase." — Ariel Lee Martin FUN FUN! This is the BB gun I always wanted when I was 16. Full auto selection, blow back, slide lock on last round. Field strips identical to the real one. Weight is similar to the real one. You can see through the mag well to the ejection port. Not much off from the real one. It is full metal along with the mag. The slide pull is heavy for a BB gun, pretty close to a .22lr. Most of the internals seem to me metal aside from a few bb specific parts. I'm using this as a trainer weapon for my kids. And then when they are not around, I'm going to blow through multiple mags on full auto, because doing it with a real firearm is too expensive. Even if you are a firearm guy, this air gun will earn your respect." — Erin McFadden Top-rated: 322 ratings | 144 answered questions Highlight: Ideal pistol for small game hunting. Purchased this Marauder pistol because I wanted a stealth gun for squirrels and rabbits that could fit into a backpack without raising eyebrows. The "p-rod" fits the bill almost perfectly. Here are some strengths and weaknesses. - Very pellet picky: I was shooting 2-3 inch groups at 20 yards with crosman hollowpoint premiers. Absolutely horrible. Then I tried H&N Field Target Trophy pellets (5.53 head size) and I can now shoot dime size groups at 25 yards. Awesome! - Pretty Loud: I know marauder rifles are very quiet and assumed the same with this pistol, but this gun is actually loud. Would not call this backyard friendly. I installed a TKO muzzle brake (but the gun was still too loud). I then purchased a Neil Clague LDC and this quieted the gun down perfectly. - Pitiful stock: As many have mentioned. I purchased an AR stock adapter and ACE folding stock kit. It's now a perfect fit for the backpack and looks awesome. - Great power efficiency for relatively small air tank. I get about 24 shots (3 clips) at about 650 fps. The small tank also makes it fairly easy to pump up manually. - Very accurate gun to 40 yards once you get the right pellet. Perfect for squirrels and rabbits. - Love the carbine configuration. This is perfect if you need a portable stealth gun but want the accuracy and look of a tactical rifle, especially if you have a folding/collapsible stock. - Lots of aftermarket tunes and accessories to customize to your needs. BUYERS NEED TO KNOW: - You need a source of High Pressure Air (HPA). This gun needs 3,000 psi of compressed air. - Crosman sells a hand pump that delivers this HPA without too much work. - You have to weigh over 120 pounds to use the Crosman hand pump. Just need the weight to push down. - This is not a kids toy. Adult supervision is needed. - The included stock does work fine. But there are much better butt stocks that can be purchased. - Put a little oil on the magazine tray to make it easier to insert and remove the magazine. - Sights are not included. You'll need to add some kind of optical site. - Red dot 1 power (no magnification) works real well on this gun at very close ranges and keeps it light. - Buy pellets by the thousand. You're going to need them. It is that much fun! - Expect 40+ shot per fill of HPA. - Fill to 3,000 psi to start shooting. - Stop shooting when the HPA gauge reads 1,000 psi. - For long range shooting you will want a good scope. - For long range shooting you may need to restrict the air psi range and not use the full 3K to 1k range. - At long ranges the delta in pellet speed really matters and air pressure in the gun will impact pellet speed. To sum things up, I can say that this air pistol is accurate right out of the box. No issues at all. Sized just right for small framed people (women and children, for example). This is especially true if you upgrade to an adjustable AR style stock. The air tank is pretty small and it fills quickly with a hand pump. You can also use SCUBA tanks and such to fill it. I highly recommend it. It's actually worth the money!" — Bruce Seals Top-rated: 5,418 ratings | 384 answered questions This is a good pellet pistol that is fun to shoot and provides good practice for your shooting skills! I purchased this gun for just shooting in my backyard. I also wanted to shoot it with my grandson to teach him gun safety and how to shoot. I quickly found out that I loved the pistol. It is fun to shoot and where else can you practice your shooting skills for about a penny a shot. The gun right out of the packing materials was very accurate. I could hit a target 20 yards away as well as repeatedly shoot a Coke can at the same distance. I generally use 5 to 6 pumps for each shot. The manual recommends no more than 10 pumps or you might damage the pressure tube or the seal. Here are some things that I did that were simple and I found helped while shooting the pistol: - After using the pistol for only a short period I noticed the internal pump lever was rubbing the side of the pump channel. I had purchased some Crosman gun oil so I lubricated the pump pins, pump seal and the O-ring seal that touches the back of the pellet. Pumping the pistol was easier and the pellet seemed to shoot with more force. It only takes just a drop or two or oil placed in the right positions. - I had trouble seeing the sights properly. I had a white paint pen that I used to label my rifle magazines and I took it and put white on the rear of the front sight and I drew a 3 sided box around the rear sight aperture. It made a big difference in my ability to see the sight and to shoot better. - I saw that there was a rifle stock available for the pistol from Crosman. I purchased it from a website at a good price and installed it onto the pistol. It made the gun easier to pump and improved my accuracy even more. I am 6’ 2” with long arms and I had absolutely no problems with the stock length. - JJCEO Top-rated: 2,251 ratings | 198 answered questions Highlight: Fixed blade front sight and adjustable rear sight to help you stay on target. I bought this when my Gamo PT-85 began having some serious accuracy issues. I'm only a backyard plinker, but I still expect my guns to be accurate within reason. This gun has been very accurate thus far, and seems to pack more of a punch than the PT-85 does, despite having a lower claimed FPS rating. Since this pistol's barrel is rifled, I do not shoot BB's through it, so I cannot comment on that, but it shoots pellets very cleanly and accurately. I'd suggest getting the extra clips (the type will depend on whether you shoot BB's or pellets) for this gun to extend your time spent shooting. Oh, and this gun is probably the loudest C02 powered gun I own. It obviously isn't nearly as loud as a true firearm, but it's loud enough, and looks real enough that you may want to warn your neighbors if you have some living in close proximity to you (suburban neighborhood, etc.). — Henry Dune OK OK. It's an ugly gun and not realistic, so forget the 357 yada yada and just admit it: you love this gun because it was (A) cheap, it is (B) very accurate, (C) it gives you a lot of shots on one CO2 tank (D) the rotary pellet and BB clips are super easy to load and use. AND... the clips are super cheap. Buy at least 12. Loudness? on a scale of 1-10, I'd give it a 7. A little stiff to break open but nothing to fluff about. Sights are adjustable and the safety system is easy and you can see the moment you pick it up if the safety is on or off. It's kind of a waste of time as a BB shooter. The pellet shooting is much more fun but some of the longer pointed pellets will gunk up your perfect day. I say Buy 3 guns and 18 clips. Then invite your buds over for a party shoot and stick up some of those oozing cans. OMG - you will die laughing and have total fun with this gun. — Mitt Inglis Recently someone at work gave me a box with a bunch of Crosman 0.177 cal. BB's & Pellets. There were also several 6 & 12 shot speed loaders for the Crosman .177 CO2 357 Double Action Revolver Pistol but no pistol! The big box stores all wanted about $100 but I scored mine on Amazon for less. This thing was very accurate right out of the box! The pull on the trigger was decent for a pellet pistol. Definitely not a toy! I have been Plinking and Target Shooting all afternoon! The pellets completely passed through a empty metal sardine tin! I'm impressed ! — John Watson Top-rated: 994 ratings | 118 answered questions Highlight: Identical to the actual M17; popular training aid. Realistic features on this pistol can be used as a training device. Blowback is nice except it does not operate a hammer like a real semi auto single action pistol does. Seems to be accurate and has a rifled barrel which means you should not use steel BB's just pellets unless you can find led BB's. The best part is the way the mag pierces the co2 cartridge with a quick lever and the 20 round ammo belt all in the same magazine. I would recommend this pistol as it's a lot of fun to shoot. I would say you can easily get three 20 round magazines out of one CO2 cartridge before it noticeably drops off in power. — Ken With all of this virus stuff, I decided to shoot some cans and some targets in my spare quarantined time. I purchased this really due to the magazine. I knew it was going to have the feel I wanted and I liked the rotating mags as well as the very easy and innovative CO2 house and activation. First time I did it I wasn't sure if I did it right. Also please lubricate as directed. I did and I feel like if you don't you will regret it. Let me just say, I bought this and the Sig Sauer black MPX, and comparatively this is the better gun by far. I love Sig Sauer's style but I have a new MPX and a new one of these and this is killing it. I will end this on a down note: What is with the clip length? Really? Doesn't diminish anything I said, prior, but takes away from the realness of the gun. I don't know why. But that is an opinion and just personal taste. All pros and that one con.. Buy this pellet gun and be safe please. — Bill R. Top-rated: 1,919 ratings | 271 answered questions Highlight: Improved bolt design for easier cocking. Buy a factory 2240 instead of custom shop, because it won't stay factory for long. Shoots fine out of the box, but it's very easy to modify. The easiest and most worthwhile mod is the steel breech kit, which adds rails for mounting optics (I opted for a holographic sight). It is LOUD though, almost as loud as a .22LR, so I also made a steel suppressor for it (legal to do without a tax stamp, since it is not a firearm). The stock 2240 is heavy enough, and with the steel breech + optic + suppressor, it's a chunk of a gun. Doesn't group as well as I'd hoped, but I have a feeling that's due to the cheap ammo I use. I was expecting a well built gun, and Crosman delivered. Very sturdy, almost entirely made of steel from what I can tell. The stock breech and grips are cheap plastic, but those are easy to swap for nicer parts. The steel breech is a huge improvement over the plastic one, and the grips don't suffer any loss of functionality for being plastic. The internal mechanism is very well designed, EXCEPT for where the hammer sear engages its spring. It's bizarre how lazy that engagement is, given how well the rest of the gun is put together. It gives the trigger a sandy, crunchy feel. Some people have added spring guides, while others have completely replaced the trigger system. If you're looking to improve accuracy through modding, the trigger is where you should start. Has plenty of power for hunting pests under ~6lbs. Compared to a .177 of similar power, the .22 pellets are slower and heavier, which means less penetration, but quicker energy transfer to soft targets (which is why I prefer the .22 pellet guns for pest hunting). Penetration is still decent on the .22s though, they zip through fruit like it isn't there, and pierce both sides of a soup can with a fresh powerlet. I use the Crosman Premier hollow points because they're cheap, but the stock 2240 doesn't have enough power to expand the pellets in any medium I've tested so far. Definitely not a toy, but it's comforting to know that a mistake with a 2240 will send you to the hospital, not the morgue. That being said, it could cause fatal injury under the right circumstances. Always practice trigger discipline. Treat it as loaded until proven otherwise! I put my 1000th pellet through this gun today, and it's been an absolute blast to shoot. ZERO malfunctions so far, just hours and hours of plinking fun. Highly recommended to anybody who can use it safely. PS: Buy the steel breech! Buy it!! — Carrell Barney Top-rated: 2,057 ratings | 336 answered questions Highlight: Durable and realistic all-metal frame and slide. When you first pick up this beautiful gun, you can believe it might be a bullet-shooting firearm. It has the heft, weight and feeling in the hand as would the "real thing". I'm amused by people who don't believe that airguns/pellet guns/bb guns are credible and pleasurable ways to enjoy target shooting and efficient ways to tend to practical matters like ridding locales of varmints or bothersome small animals, or even to hunt in the true sense of the word and eat what you kill. They are, and deserve a lot more respect than they get. I own a bunch of air rifles and pistols and I enjoy them immensely, and have ultimate respect for them as I do the shotgun and .22 rifles I also own and shoot, and I treat them all with the same level of safety. OK, about the pistol: it shoots beautifully. After an initial settling-in, the thing was shooting tight groups without any adjustment to the rear sight. The front sight has a dot on it which is crucial to your sight-picture. Two more on the rear sights would have made it perfect, but alas, aren't there. Loading BBs isn't difficult. The BBs are loaded into the handgrip after you slide the grips back (that's what the mag release button does on this model). You bring the follower to its stop position and load BBs via the cambered port along the fill line. You'll spill and miss a couple, but what the heck. You then release the follower so it snaps in place behind the last BB, close the handle and, provided you've loaded a CO2 cartridge, you're ready to shoot. Also - the trigger easily works in one smooth motion and requires a little finger effort, of course, but nothing extraordinary. Despite having only a dot on the front sight, I was able to shoot quite accurately. You can get over 50 shots with a CO2 cartridge (OK, "Powerlet") or more, because I stopped around there. Based on the gas that escaped when I removed the cartridge, I'd say you could get a lot more shots than 50. Aesthetically, it is a beautiful instrument. True, everything on the slide is molded on for looks and is non-functional except for the safety, rear sight adjustment and the handle/slide release. They've covered the ejection port in silver which looks a bit odd, but it makes the gun distinctive. The beavertail helps make it comfortable to hold and I imagine it is fully ambidextrous. All in all a well-made CO2 BB gun, worth the price, and a pleasure to operate. Highly recommended. — Rivegauche610 Top-rated: 1,313 ratings | 125 answered questions Highlight: 1-year SIG Sauer warranty. At first I was hesitant to purchase this due to the fact it had no reviews, but I am glad I bought this piece instead of any other 1911 replicas. The gun itself is beautiful; it has a very nice distressed look to it, and the engravings on it are the icing on the cake. Also, this is the first 1911 replica I have seen with grips that aren’t plastic (these ones are metal). Other than cosmetics, this gun is very realistic and looks almost like an exact copy of its 45acp counterpart. Even field strips like the real thing. So far, I have put about 350 rounds through the gun, and have not experienced any issues so far. The gun is very accurate, and CO2 usage is pretty good, with one cartridge lasting about 3 full magazines. The full blowback is just beautiful to witness and feel whenever you shoot. If you are looking for the best 1911 replica airgun, look no further. — Pink Horizona The gun is very heavy and it does look deadly real (as long as you know nothing about guns XD). But if you do end up getting one of these BB guns, be careful. The hammer is always back when loading the magazine into the magwell. Otherwise there is a small “firing pin” of sorts that can get damaged if the hammer is not cocked back. Otherwise this is a great little BB gun to mess around with from time to time. I know common questions may be... Q: what material is it made from? A: full metal construction, even the magazine. Q: is the gun spring operated, or co2 powered? A: the gun uses 12 gram co2 cartridges that load into the magazine and the entire pistol uses gas blowback so the slide will load like a traditional 1911 pistol and load a new round every time you pull the trigger. Hope this helps ;) — Smith Logan When I purchased this CO2 pistol, I had just started handling semi-auto pistols for the first time in my life. I was extremely nervous and awkward any time I'd handle a pistol at the gun store. Buying this look-alike, CO2 replica has been tremendously helpful! I keep it on my desk and often practice safe handling/safety checking while in (virtual) meetings. This gun is well made! I haven't had any issues with the finish, or performance. I am very impressed in how well it functions, both dry and under (CO2) power. The blow-back action works very well for two full magazine loads of bb's. I especially appreciate how the slide will lock open once you've shot the last "round" from the magazine. Again, my focus with this gun has been on its realistic functional replication of the real deal. (Minus the wrist-jarring, police-being-called boom you get from the firearm version, of course.) Is this super accurate or powerful? Uh, I doubt it. It is a CO2 bb gun after all. I didn't buy this to show my local squirrels who's boss or anything. I'd say it's about as accurate and "powerful" as one could expect from this format. I'd STRONGLY recommend buying this gun, or a gun like this, to teach gun safety and proper handling. — James Shaffer Top-rated: 4,499 ratings | 691 answered questions Nice revolver is every way except grip execution I'm a revolver fan and wanted a BB/pellet D/A piece to save some ammo costs while building up more revolver trigger time and to use as an intro/trainer for others. I decided to try the Vigilante based upon decent reviews and price point. This piece is quite nice. It's a pretty clever, break-top design. The single and double action trigger are surprisingly good and very usable. I like the Patridge sight picture and sturdiness of the rear sight. I wouldn't futz with it much, but once set, it's solid, and you shouldn't have to. This piece handles 0.177 pellets (rifled) and BBs. It shoots pellets fine (inside a 3 inch Post-It at 10 yds and shoots BBs well enough to hit a soda can every time at about 7 yds. Each ammo type requires a unique clip mag type. The grip shape is SimTo a D/A Hogue Monogrip (love them) but is hard plastic and is significantly "puffier". I take off one star as the grip removal to change CO2 is a real PITA. Access is via a little thumbnail groove at the bottom of one panel. Mine are very stiff. They should put a rubber grommet or spring clip in the grip frame to capture the grip panel posts and maybe a "separator" slot/recess along the bottom for a twist tool (coin?). As is, the posts on the grip panels are hard plastic and catch into the frame directly. This is very stiff now and is likely to be a wear-out point (loose panels in the future?). Anyway, aside from CO2 access, I find that this is a really solid 4 star trainer/plinker/shooter considering the competitive price. For pellets, I'd buy again. - Eric Bardd Top-rated: 8,502 ratings | 1000+ answered questions Highlight: Shoots .177 caliber steel BBs at up to 410 fps. So I gave the Umarex XBG CO2 Pistol a test, and here are my insights. Power and penetration of BBs: With a fresh CO2 cartridge I was able to shoot all the way through a steel bean can and a steel soup can. That is pretty strong to go right through steel. I checked the cans with a magnet and they have at least some steel or ferrous content, so they are not wimpy aluminum. Some people say you can get plenty of shots with one CO2 cartridge, making this a real power miser. Phone book test: Double sided pages so divided by 2 to get these numbers. Divided by two and add 10 or 15 pages for the cardboard cover and target. About 130 pages of denting, tearing. Most BBs were recovered at about 77-80 pages. That's a lot of penetration! Do not shoot anything you do not want to kill! Handy drop down magazine: The handy drop down magazine is easily accessed on the left side rear of trigger guard. It is a smooth operating, well fitting mag with easy to load features. Accuracy & sights: The XBG has a long trigger pull which does not make for good accuracy, but the pistol itself is accurate. Due to the long trigger pull I was able to put half of the ten shot string within 1 & 1/2" bullseye at 21 feet and the rest were flyers. The sights are outlined white dot on post front for easy target acquisition, no rear sight white outline. Weight: Here is the good part - the XBG only weighs in at 0.9 lbs. That is light weight enough to take backpacking and jogging without a heavy load. I have one pistol which is a joy to shoot with a really crisp trigger pull and single action too, but it weighs several pounds, something you wouldn't want to carry around. Safety: The safety is of modern design and disengages the trigger bar action when on. When off the trigger is 'in gear' and it will fire. The gun is very safe and will probably not accidentally fire at all. The trigger is a long pull and has to be deliberately cycled to fire. Unlike some guns which show red when both on safe and off safe, this gun only shows red when ready to fire, otherwise it shows white dot. Some guns only point to safe or fire with the selector. This gun covers the white and shows the red when ready to fire, and covers the red and shows the white when safety is on. My XBG is fairly new so I have experienced no CO2 leaks at all. I question those folks who have leak problems - did you buy your gun new or second hand? If new in the blister pack, unopened you should not experience problems. If you have leak problems you can buy an inexpensive O-ring kit and it might fix the problem. All in all I give this pistol 5 stars for power, accuracy, safety, easy to load, and being so lightweight. — Kevin Hubb Top-rated: 2,599 ratings | 316 answered questions Highlight: CO2 BB Pistol, BB's, shooting glasses, CO2 cylinders and paper targets are ALL included! This is a solid, simple BB gun. It does not have a lot of "bells and whistles" or gimmicky operational additions - such as "blow-back action" etc. But it works hard. The one I received says "made in Japan." I deducted one star as it is somewhat difficult to quickly and visually inspect remaining BBs which could still be chambered (and active). The design of the magazine well is such that there can still be around 2-3 BBs hidden inside with the top loading spring looking like it has fully extended. The only sure way to know that it has completely emptied out is by firing until empty (that is even if you are in the habit of counting your rounds). Don't let that extremely minor detail take away from your enjoyment of this awesome product! Not all BB guns are designed where you can visually inspect the remaining BBs which may still be active in the gun. Also, as with all firearms, treat this BB gun with great caution. All firearm rules apply (always treat this item as if it was ALWAYS LOADED - and never point it at anything that you don't intend to fully destroy). At these velocities on a fresh cartridge, you CAN cause very serious and very permanent damage to soft tissue. So, this is a BB gun in .177 caliber. That means it shoots little "ball bearings'' that measure .177 in diameter (4.5mm). These BBs are not hard to find. There are plenty that can be purchased here on Amazon. It does not shoot pellets. Package advertises that it can shoot "up to" 495 fps, in reality, expect around low 400s. Keep in mind that this will continue to drop as the CO2 cartridge gets expended - so it will be more along a range with "495" being your top velocity. I will test it with an actual chronograph if there is more interest - just remember to hit that "helpful" icon on the bottom of this review so I know people are actually reading this! This gun uses a 12gr CO2 cartridge, can load up to 21 BBs at a time, and shoot them repeatedly without having to "rechamber" a round - as is common with single shot spring type pellet guns. This is an initial review, so I have not tested it for a prolonged period of time, but I expect that it should hold up just fine. As stated above, this item does not have "blow-back action" - which means the slide will NOT move back and forth as the trigger is pulled (similar to an actual firearm). I have discovered that BB guns that do have "blow-back" tend to give you a little less mileage with CO2 cartridges, which can cost $$$ in the long run. For what it is, this is a basic, simple and utilitarian item. Less moving parts also means less chance of breaking - and less maintenance (another + for the casual shooter). This is a very no-nonsense basic BB gun. It basically sets the bar for all other CO2 types of BB guns to be measured by. I can easily see why this item is rated 4+ stars by other reviewers. It is simple, powerful, and focused on getting the job done. There is no nonsense with this gun. They designed it with their most basic purpose in mind and they got right to the point. There is a simple beauty in that. I would probably purchase a couple more in the future (when they are in stock again). Front site is actually one of those green fiber sights. Easy to see and aim with. Very nice touch Daisy! It was a very pleasant surprise. However, BB well has a "blind spot" of 2-3 BBs which may still be active in the gun. This is a bit of a safety issue. As long as you follow the rules of handling this BB gun the same way as you would handle a real firearm - you should be fine. I don't love that I lose a whole block of expended air each time though. I deducted a star for this as this could be a serious safety concern for others out there. The airsoft gun is mostly plastic - gone are the days when BB guns were made out of steel and intended to last your next 4 generations. Though I cannot account for the durability of this item, I am old enough to remember the good old days when companies wanted their branded items to last as long as possible in the service of their customers, and would over-build everything. Now, they build things "just enough" to last you until they think you'll lose interest in it. They don't realize that for all the money it takes for them to advertise a product commercially, if they were to just build a high quality product, it also serves as a form of advertising - and will last much longer than when all the commercials have stopped. That's not saying that this was how this product was built. This is a pretty well built item. I just wished that it was OVER built. No stars deducted for this obviously. I definitely HIGHLY recommend getting one of these - If you are looking to teach your kids about firearm safety, this is kind of like a "stepping stone" to a real gun. However, I would recommend getting an "airsoft" gun - something as close to the original as possible with the detachable magazines and the blow-back action etc. so all steps of firearm safety can be trained into habit (such as removing a magazine to inspect that it is empty and racking the slide to visually verify no rounds are chambered etc… — Ronnie Sharp Top-rated: 1,725 ratings | 139 answered questions Highlight: Full blowback metal slide. This is my 100 round review, and although that isn’t many shots through this BB gun, it’s great for first impressions and I already have a good opinion on it. My overall opinion is that you should only buy this if you own or thinking about owning a real Sig p365. The size of it is true which makes it great for practicing drawing from a holster and sight acquisition. However, if you just want a BB gun to shoot and plink around, get something else. Pros - This thing looks identical to the actual p365 which makes it a great training tool for owners and potential owners. The trigger pull is nice, short and crisp making it very easy to shoot. I also appreciate the full size drop out mag. For a BB gun its size it’s nice to have. Cons - Honestly, there’s a lot I don’t like about this gun in terms of the way it shoots and performs as a BB gun. First, the accuracy is terrible. I’ve read that accuracy improves over time and I hope that is true. I own a umarex glock 19 that I use for plinking and from 10 yards I can get about a 3in grouping. With the p365, the grouping is at least 6in. I’m not a great shooter, but I know I’m not that bad. I can actually see with good lighting the bb travel off line sometimes when I shoot it. It also cannot hold CO2 very well, and this is my biggest complaint apart from the accuracy. After putting in a fresh canister of co2, I was able to get 3 mags (about 40 rounds) before it noticeably dropped. Even though there was gas left, there wasn’t enough to rack the slide all the way back to reset the gun to fire again. This caused a bunch of double feeds and by then you just need a new co2. It also cannot store co2 over a long period of time. I left an almost completely full canister over two days to see if it would hold. The first shot fired, and that was it. Literally all the gas was expelled on that first shot, there was a big cloud and the slide stayed back for almost half a second. So I cannot shoot one mag, let it sit, then come back to it a few days later to shoot again. If Sig were to make some changes, I wished they would remove the blowback feature (even though it’s cool), allowing the gun to shoot more reliably and more rounds with one cartridge of co2. Also they need to find a way to make this thing shoot relatively straight. Overall again, it’s great if you want to use it as a training tool if you own the real firearm. As much as I want to like it, I can’t recommend it to anyone who just wants a BB gun to plink around with. 5 stars just because I fit the category of someone who uses it to train. — Denis Michael Top-rated: 2,581 ratings | 215 answered questions Highlight: A replica of one of the newest S&W designs. I am surprised at all the negative reviews. Let's hit them, one by one. I'm not talking about the airsoft gun, I'm talking about the BB gun. 1) Can't find magazines? Nonsense. Look at Walmart. They sell a package of two mags under the Crosman name for about thirteen bucks. They fit perfectly. While on the subject of the mags: easy to load, vs. some I've seen. You can easily make yourself a little BB loader to feed a stream of BBs right into the hole. That's because the groove for the spring slider is in line with the BB loading hole. I can fit 20 BBs in the mag with no jamming. I think it's advertised as holding 19. And the same magazine fits the Beretta Elite II replica BB gun, also from Umarex. 2) CO2 leaks? Not if you use a TINY dab of Pellgunoil on the tip of the cartridge before loading it. Do that and you will have no problems (others have mentioned this). I've had no leakage at all. This gun is a CO2 miser. In the summer, I can easily go through eight or nine, 20-rd mags on one cylinder. I'm really amazed at how long this gun remains accurate over varying amounts of CO2 remaining. 3) Accuracy. The trigger is long and hard (double action only), but like any other gun, you need to get used to it. Once you do, you can pop off accurate shots very quickly. Now remember, you are sending a round projectile (BB) down a smooth bore (think: Revolutionary War musket). You cannot expect rifled accuracy. You WILL get fliers--I sometimes think, "I was shooting the OTHER can, right?" But folks, I shoot soda cans at 25 feet and can hit them almost every single time. AND I can shoot a single can, hanging from a branch 25 yards away, yes, with fewer hits, but geez, 25 YARDS, people, and that's off-hand. On one knee, I can hit that can at 25 yards 1/3 to 1/2 of the time. I've since switched to homemade tubular (chime) targets at 25 yards, it's so much fun. An aside on these BB triggers: the double-action trigger needs to first pull the inner barrel forward against a spring, so that when the trigger "breaks", the barrel can spring backward and activate the release of the CO2 to fire the BB. A lot of BB handguns use the same mechanism, and have similar trigger pulls. 4) Sights. Did anyone mention them? They are wonderful. Non-adjustable, but bright and easy to see (white in front and fiber-optic green in rear). 5) No blowback. Who cares? Go buy a blowback gun and stop dissing this one. You want a useful negative comment? Here you are: The CO2 door (the sliding handle) is too easy to come off and difficult to get back on. But it does not happen that often and I'm not knocking it down a star for that. Here's another one (and again, it's minor, so no knocks on the stars): If you partially pull the trigger (take up), then change your mind, a BB will be released into the barrel and will slide out when you lower the muzzle. Remember this is a BB gun, and an inexpensive one at that. Pretty doggon' nice for the money, in my book. — Dave Top-rated: 1,216 ratings | 241 answered questions Highlight: Rifled steel barrel and textured plastic grip. I own this one, as well as the H&K USP pistol. I recently purchased both. I also have several pellet Rifles and have been an enthusiast for about 30 years. This is THE funnest Air Gun I've ever owned. The H&K is garbage compared to this beauty. The first time I shot it (about an hour ago), I was shocked at how realistic it is. I can see how this could be used as a training weapon as some reviews have stated. The blowback is awesome. I've been through about 8 clips (16 rounds per clip) so far and the C02 is still strong. I'm getting good 1" groups at 30 ft. I haven't tried anything further yet. The gun is mostly metal. It feels very weighty in your hand close to a real one. Make no mistake, this is areal gun. It just uses air instead of gun powder to propel the projectiles. If I had to find one negative, it would be the safety. It's hard to turn it off. It took me two hands to disable it. Maybe that's not really a negative though. There's a reason they call it a safety. Anyway, I can't say enough about how fun this model is. If you're even considering buying it, stop thinking about it and do it. You won't regret it, I can assure you. BUT BEWARE, you need to Buy LOTS of ammo and C02 though. You'll burn through a few hundred rounds very quickly and before you know it because you wont want to stop shoooting it. — James M. This is a very well made pistol for honing your aiming and shooting skills on inanimate targets. However if you're going to use this product for solving a pest control problem; namely raccoons, this pellet gun is NOT the solution. I purchased this item two days ago to eliminate a huge "Raccoon" problem in my front and backyards. Raccoons are digging up holes all over the place. A family of four. So I got the pistol as a non-lethal, "get off my lawn," go be someone else's problem, type of solution. Now, mind you, I'm using the "Destroyer Pellets" at about 5 feet away. First, I go for the body shot, thinking this would sting it enough to let it know that I was serious. I shoot, it runs away, the other three scatter. So I'm thinking, kool, this is gonna be short work.... Literally 10 seconds later, they're creeping back around the corner and on the fence! Ok, I'm a bit surprised. So, I let them creep back close enough for me to get a really good head shot. I mean right up on this guy. Boom! again, they run off. I stand and curiously wait..... Again, three comes back.. Then the bigger mother comes, which is the one that I shot; but only this time, it just goes right to the food that was laid out, and just continued to eat, as if I wasn't there!...So you see, this is "not that gun." Definitely looks like an actual firearm, but sadly, doesn't carry that knock-down force that I had hoped for. Or maybe I needed a larger grained pellet. Whatever the case, I'm going to try the "Sonar Approach" next. However, if this does not work, I will definitely escalate matters to a lethal pellet rifle. I will not be going through the hassle of trying to cage and transport these pests or use any poisons. I simply want them gone, and my property NOT ruined. — T.R.K Top-rated: 1,707 ratings | 195 answered questions Highlight: Choose between Single Shot mode or 6-Round Full-Auto Burst mode. I love this gun. It has a lot of weaver rails, and is very easy to add a few accessories to make it look just like the new H&K MP7... the only thing missing is the telescopic buttstock.... But with a foregrip, a homemade PVC pipe barrel extension, and a few other accessories like a red dot scope and a tac light, it looks just like a HK MP7. It is easy to convert to full auto of you prefer it over the six round burst. There are many videos on YouTube that show you how to make the full auto conversion on this model, but I prefer to keep it with only the two options of single shot or six round burst. Because I am afraid if I change the six round burst to full auto, it will eat up more CO2 cartridges than it already does. The hopper holds 300 bbs and the chamber holds 30 at a time, but you will be changing out the spent CO2 cartridges by the time you shoot up those 300 bbs in six round burst mode. Be prepared to buy CO2 cartridges by the crate load of you plan to do a lot of shooting. But that says nothing about the gun, it is just the nature of the beast, all CO2 guns.. This one takes them two at a time. It is VERY accurate, and I was astonished how well it shoots so accurately even in six round burst mode. I was expecting them to spit out all random like, but no, they are almost as accurate as single shot mode, which can hit the bullseye every time at 15 yards with a decent red dot scope or laser sight. Both of which I have added onto the many weaver rails that come stock on the gun. It is by far the best quality and looks for the price.. I would think it should cost twice what it does. You will be very pleased with the accuracy and also the looks, once you get it accessorized with a few things to clamp onto all those weaver rails, I have got mine looking like a clone of the new HK MP7 and it looks awesome." — Perryinjax Studios Top-rated: 2,298 ratings | 127 answered questions Highlight: 16 rounds capacity double magazine (8x2). I own this CO2 gun for over a year and I really like it for it’s ability to shoot pellets and BBs. The gun is very light weight in the hands and shoots extremely fast to where I can’t see the BBs fly out of the pistol. I kept thinking if shots have been fired or am I shooting dry? Haha The gun is very accurate, but you have to compensate for the downwards of the gun when pulling the trigger. There is no recoil, so the gun doesn’t bounce when the trigger is pulled, compensating for the finger pull; expect to be shooting further down from the target. I kept three extra magazines so reloading is much faster. Each magazine holds 2 sets of 8 Bbs in a revolver style, holding 16 BBs/pellets total. It’s very easy to empty half the mag and having to flip it around which isn’t my preference for shooting airsoft; less reloads the better. Reloading can be tedious because you can’t pour the BBs into the magazine, but instead place each individual BB or Pellet into a revolver style slot. The construction is plastic on the outside and metal on the inside. It’s fairly easy to insert a CO2 cartridge, but expect to use tools when screwing it in place, unless you have very strong fingers. Each CO2 cartridge will last about 100 BBs or Pellets which is considerably good. I never had to deal with BBs jamming or misfires, so I’d say it’s reliable to use for target practice and efficient enough to use where you’re not draining your pockets by buying CO2 cartridges. I left one in for months and hardly noticed a drop in pressure. I wouldn’t recommend this, but just a perspective of how well it can hold gas pressure inside the gun. I would definitely recommend it as a first CO2 entry level pistol, but not as your “go-to.” I prefer a CO2 pistol with weight, realistic trigger pull, and a faster way of reloading the mag.. — Joe Top-rated: 2,795 ratings | 103 answered questions Highlight: Includes P10, Copperhead BBs, shooting glasses, and two CO2 cartridges. This kit has an under barrel Picatinny accessory rail and Removable grip for easy replacement of CO2. I literally have bought 3 of these guns. The first one my Father N-Law saw (actually thought it was a real gun) & after he "borrowed" it he decided he liked it too much to give it back...lol...so I bought my 2nd one. Then decided to buy another so my wife could shoot cans with me. Numerous people who have seen the gun laying out argued with me swearing I was messing with them & it was actually a real gun! I LOVE THE LOOK. The CO2 is effortless to put in. Easy to load BBs. The magazine conveniently slides out with the push of a button. Wish it held more BBs but that's my ONLY complaint. It's got some power behind it. While shooting cans off a fence post a good distance away the BB actually went probably a half inch into the wood & stuck there. I've owned & shot many bb guns & this is by far my favorite. No complaints. Love the look. Love the product. Love the results. Whether your experienced or buying it as a beginner you won't regret this one! — Corey Lee I love this pistol. It is very strong feeling. Even though it is plastic it feels very strong. I like the amount of shots it has. The co2 lasts about 7 mags. The only thing i don't like about it is the white dot on the front sight is off center, But i just grabbed a white marker and remade the dot and it is really accurate. For example i can hit a 1 centimeter pole from like 15 feet no problem. It all depends about the shooter for how accurate the gun is. I also like that it came with targets, safety glasses, 2 co2 canisters, and a lot of steel bbs. It comes with everything you need to shoot it out of the box. It is a very fun backyard plinker. It is pretty loud but that doesn't really matter. The trigger pull is hard, Which is also a downside to this gun. Also i like that the mag is metal. I would definitely recommend for someone to buy. — John Yale Top-rated: 1,452 ratings | 138 answered questions The Umarex SA10 is unquestionably the most impressive Umarex I've ever had the pleasure of owning. Having amassed a collection of double-digit Umarex units over the years, I can confidently affirm that this model represents a significant leap forward from the tried-and-true Glock 19 design I've relied on for so long. What truly stands out is the new mechanism, which admirably maintains a superior seal. When you load it, the weight provides an authentic magazine-like feel. The revolver-style BB dispensing mechanism performs exceptionally well, although it can be a tad tricky and time-consuming to load. I do wish there was a more efficient loading method that prevented the discs from falling out during the process. You really have to click them in and only load them upside down or the pellets fall out. In terms of accuracy, the SA10 outperforms my other Umarex handguns, consistently delivering precise shots. The styling is undeniably impressive, though personally, I lean toward a chrome and black finish over the gold and black option. Notably, the SA10 bears a striking resemblance to a Sig Sauer, particularly in the grip, which closely resembles a Sig P320. However, one area for potential improvement is the delayed trigger break, which I believe could enhance the overall shooting experience if it occurred sooner. - Aaron T. How to Choose an Air Pistol for Self Defense Choosing an air pistol for self defense can be a daunting task, especially if you are new to the world of air guns. Here are some factors to consider when selecting an air pistol. The first thing to consider is what you will be using the air pistol for. Different air pistols are designed for different purposes, such as target shooting, plinking, or hunting. Here are some examples of air pistols for different uses: - Target Shooting - If you plan to use your air pistol for target shooting, look for a pistol with a high level of accuracy and consistency. CO2-powered pistols are a good choice for this purpose. - Plinking - For casual shooting at cans, balloons, or other objects, a break barrel air pistol for self defense is a good choice. These pistols are easy to use and require little maintenance. - Hunting - If you plan to use your air pistol for hunting small game, look for a pistol with a high level of power and accuracy. PCP air pistols are a good choice for this purpose. Air pistols can be powered by a variety of methods, including spring, CO2, and PCP. Here are some things to consider when choosing a propulsion method: - Spring - Spring-powered air pistols are easy to use and require no external power source. They are also relatively inexpensive. However, they are generally less powerful than other types of air pistols. - CO2 - CO2-powered air pistols are easy to use and require no pumping or cocking. They are also relatively inexpensive. However, they can be less powerful than other types of air pistols, and they require the use of CO2 cartridges. - PCP - PCP air pistols are the most powerful type of air pistol. They are also the most expensive and require the use of a high-pressure air source. Air pistols can range in price from less than $50 to over $1,000. Determine your budget before you start shopping, and look for air pistols that fit within your price range. Here are some other factors to consider when choosing an air pistol: - Ergonomics: Look for an air pistol for self defense that feels comfortable in your hand and is easy to hold steady. - Sights: Look for an air pistol with adjustable sights that can be easily adjusted for windage and elevation. - Trigger: Look for an air pistol with a smooth and consistent trigger pull. - Noise: Consider the noise level of the air pistol, especially if you plan to use it in a residential area. By considering these factors, you will choose an air pistol for self defense that is right for your needs and budget. Best Air Pistols on Amazon for Self Defense - FAQ Which company air gun is best? There are many companies that make air guns, and the best one for you will depend on your needs and preferences. Some popular air gun brands include Crosman, Umarex, Gamo, and Weihrauch. What is the best caliber for an air pistol? The best caliber for an air pistol will depend on your intended use. .177 caliber air pistols are the most popular choice among air gun enthusiasts due to their wide availability and suitability for various shooting applications. However, if you plan to use your air pistol for hunting small game, a .22 caliber air pistol may be a better choice. What is the best German air rifle? There are many high-quality German air rifles on the market, including those made by Weihrauch, Diana, and Walther. The best one for you will depend on your needs and preferences. What is better .177 or .22 air rifle? The better caliber for an air rifle will depend on your intended use. .177 caliber air rifles are the most popular choice among air gun enthusiasts due to their wide availability and suitability for various shooting applications. However, if you plan to use your air rifle for hunting small game, a .22 caliber air rifle may be a better choice. Is a .177 or .22 air rifle more powerful? A .22 caliber air rifle is generally more powerful than a .177 caliber air rifle. However, the power of an air rifle will depend on several factors, including the type of air rifle, the pellet weight, and the velocity. It is important to choose an air rifle that is appropriate for your intended use.

weapons_science

https://homedrawaway.com/best-long-range-scope-for-300-weatherby-mag/

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Are you looking for Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag Reviews? Our experts found 39208 number of feedback online for "Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag" and shortlisted them. This suggestions is created for those looking for their ideal Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag. On selected products for the Best Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag you will see ratings. The rating matrix we have generated is based on user ratings found online. Take a look - |1||CVLIFE 4-16x44 Tactical Rifle Scope Red and Green Illuminated Built with Locking Turret Sunshade and Scope Mount Included||9.8||Check Latest Price| |2||Evolution Gun Works Picatinny Rail Scope Mount||9.6||Check Latest Price| |3||Sightmark Wraith HD 4-32x50 Night Vision Digital Riflescope||9.2||Check Latest Price| |4||Talley Weatherby Vanguard Scope Mount||9||Check Latest Price| |5||UUQ Prism 4x32 Red/Green/Blue Triple Illuminated Rapid Range Reticle Rifle Scope W/Top Fiber Optic Sight and Weaver Slots||8.8||Check Latest Price| |6||Burris 410600 XTR Base Remington 700 (Black)||8.6||Check Latest Price| |7||Simmons 3-9x32mm .22 Waterproof Fogproof Matte Black Riflescope (511039)||8.4||Check Latest Price| |8||CVLIFE Hunting Rifle Scope 6-24x50 AOE Red and Green Illuminated Gun Scope with Free Mount||8.4||Check Latest Price| |9||Leupold BackCountry Cross-Slot Scope Base||8.4||Check Latest Price| |10||CVLIFE 6-9 Inches Picatinny Bipod Adjustable Spring Return with Picatinny Adapter||8.4||Check Latest Price| We found 39208 reviews when researching. We have considered users feedback on the Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag and our suggestions includes only the finest of them in this article. Comparison Chart of Top 10 Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag Table Of Content: - CVLIFE 4-16x44 Tactical Rifle Scope Red and Green Illuminated Built with Locking Turret Sunshade and Scope... - Evolution Gun Works Picatinny Rail Scope Mount, Black, Compatible with Remington 700, 721,725, Sauer 100-101... - Sightmark Wraith HD 4-32x50 Night Vision Digital Riflescope - Talley Weatherby Vanguard Scope Mount, Black, 1-Inch/Medium - UUQ Prism 4x32 Red/Green/Blue Triple Illuminated Rapid Range Reticle Rifle Scope W/Top Fiber Optic Sight... - Burris 410600 XTR Base Remington 700 Black - Simmons 3-9x32mm .22 Waterproof Fogproof Matte Black Riflescope 511039 - CVLIFE Hunting Rifle Scope 6-24x50 AOE Red and Green Illuminated Gun Scope with Free Mount - Leupold BackCountry Cross-Slot Scope Base, for Weatherby , Matte, Mark 5/Vanguard LA - CVLIFE 6-9 Inches Picatinny Bipod Adjustable Spring Return with Picatinny Adapter 1. CVLIFE 4-16×44 Tactical Rifle Scope Red and Green Illuminated Built with Locking Turret Sunshade and Scope Mount Included - Eye Relief: 3. - Completed with the fully coated optical glass, the scope would give you a bright and high-contrast image. - Made of high-strength aluminum alloy and with its one-piece tube construction, the gun scope is definitely for greater strength and durability. - Coming with the sunshade, you can use the tactical rifle scope in any light condition. - Free 20mm rail mounts included makes the tactical scope can be installed conveniently and work perfectly. 2. Evolution Gun Works Picatinny Rail Scope Mount - Rail Type: One Piece Picatinny 3. Sightmark Wraith HD 4-32×50 Night Vision Digital Riflescope - Day/Night Mode – Full Color Viewing For Day Use; Black And White Or Classic Green For Night Vision Mode. - High-Definition Sensor – High Resolution Imaging With Video Recording In 1080P Hd - 8X Digital Zoom – A 2X Optical System For Up To 16X Magnification - Hd Photo Or Video Recording (Memory Card Not Included) 4. Talley Weatherby Vanguard Scope Mount - Made in the USA - Withstands all magnum calibers - Rigid construction ensures zero will be held through thousands of rounds 5. UUQ Prism 4×32 Red/Green/Blue Triple Illuminated Rapid Range Reticle Rifle Scope W/Top Fiber Optic Sight and Weaver Slots - High performance optical scope with fiber optic sight, Manufactured Multi-coated optics, Illuminated Red-Green-Blue Rapid Range Glass Etched Reticle. - Magnification 4X Fixed , Objective Diameter – 32mm, Crystal Clear Fully Coated Prism Lens for Excellent Light Transmission and the Best Clarity. - Combat Ready Rapid Target Acquisition Glass Reticle with Range Finding & Ballistic, Precise 1/4 MOA Click Value for Windage and Elevation Adjustment. - Fit all 20 mm weaver and 3/8 inch dovetail rails , Durable all Metal Housing, with Dual – Layer Coated Lens. - Built on Proven Robust Platform. 6. Burris 410600 XTR Base Remington 700 (Black) - Made From Solid Steel - Strong And Lightweight - Features 2 Pieces - Can Complement Any Rifle 7. Simmons 3-9x32mm .22 Waterproof Fogproof Matte Black Riflescope (511039) - Features Truplex Reticle. Waterproof, fogproof and shockproof - Parallax correction preset from 50 yards to infinity - Rimfire 3/8″ dovetail mounting rings included - HydroShield coating ensures a clear sight picture - SureGrip rubber surfaces simplify adjustments under any conditions 8. CVLIFE Hunting Rifle Scope 6-24×50 AOE Red and Green Illuminated Gun Scope with Free Mount - Magnification: 6-24x - Objective Diameter: 50mm - Field Of View: 28 ft @ 100 yards - Click Value: 1/8 inch @ 100 yards - Illuminated Type of the rifle scope: Red and Green 9. Leupold BackCountry Cross-Slot Scope Base - Model #171354 – BackCountry Cross-Slot Base Weatherby Mark 5/Vanguard LA with a Matte finish - Fits both Picatinny and Weaver-style rings - Machined from lightweight, 7075-T6 aircraft-grade aluminum - Available with zero elevation or 20-MOA for long-range shooting 10. CVLIFE 6-9 Inches Picatinny Bipod Adjustable Spring Return with Picatinny Adapter - Coming with Picatinny adapter, the bipod can be quickly attached or detached by using the swivel stud. - Adjustable leg length (5 settings) with return Springs, you could adjust the length to meet different needs when hunting. - Made of hardened steel and aluminum, non-rust black anodized finish, the bipod is duty and light weight. - High quality rubber on the bottom of the leg makes the bipods shockproof and antiskid. - External springs control the legs more stably and deploy quickly. Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag Buying GuideDoes the thought of finding a great Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag stress you out? Has your mind been juggling between choices when it comes to buying Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag in general, specifically regarding which model to choose?If that’s the case, know that you’re not alone. Many people find it tough to buy the perfect Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag for themselves. We understand the stress associated with the buying process!Since you’re here, you are obviously curious about Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag Reviews. You’ve been bombarded with information, so you need to find a reputable source with credible options before you make any decisions on which product would be best for your needs.There are many sources that’ll provide you with that information- buying guides or ratings websites, word-of-mouth testimonials from friends or family members, online forums where users share their personal experiences, product reviews specifically found all over the internet and YouTube channels. Only thorough research will ensure that you get the right product.But that’s not always easy, right? That's why we've taken time to compile a list of the best Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag in today's market, on your behalf, so that there will be no more worries for you.How did we come up with the list, you ask? How did we create this buying guide? - First, our algorithms collected as much information available about these products from trusted sources. - We employed both Artificial Intelligence and large data volume to validate all collected information. - Then our AI ranked them on their quality-to-price ratio using industry-standard criteria that let us pick the best Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag currently on the market! - Brand Value: What happens when you go for a not-so-reputable brand just because the price seems cheap? Well, the chance of getting a short-lasting product goes higher. That’s because the renowned brands have a reputation to maintain, others don’t. - Features: You don’t need heaps of features, but useful ones. We look at the features that matter and choose the top Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag based on that. - Specifications: Numbers always help you measure the quality of a product in a quantitative way. We try to find products of higher specifications, but with the right balance. - Customer Ratings: The hundreds of customers using the Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag before you won’t say wrong, would they? Better ratings mean better service experienced by a good number of people. - Customer Reviews: Like ratings, customer reviews give you actual and trustworthy information, coming from real-world consumers about the Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag they used. - Seller Rank: Now, this is interesting! You don’t just need a good Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag, you need a product that is trendy and growing in sales. It serves two objectives. Firstly, the growing number of users indicates the product is good. Secondly, the manufacturers will hopefully provide better quality and after-sales service because of that growing number. - Value For The Money: They say you get what you pay for. Cheap isn’t always good. But that doesn’t mean splashing tons of money on a flashy but underserving product is good either. We try to measure how much value for the money you can get from your Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag before putting them on the list. - Durability: Durability and reliability go hand to hand. A robust and durable Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag will serve you for months and years to come. - Availability: Products come and go, new products take the place of the old ones. Probably some new features were added, some necessary modifications were done. What’s the point of using a supposedly good Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag if that’s no longer continued by the manufacturer? We try to feature products that are up-to-date and sold by at least one reliable seller, if not several. - Negative Ratings: Yes, we take that into consideration too! When we pick the top rated Long Range Scope For 300 Weatherby Mag on the market, the products that got mostly negative ratings get filtered and discarded.

weapons_science

https://www.kln.gov.my/web/guest/-/malaysia-welcomes-the-entry-into-force-of-the-treaty-on-the-prohibition-of-nuclear-weapons?inheritRedirect=true&redirect=%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fpress-releases%2F-%2Fasset_publisher%2Fpsnov%2Fcontent%2Fmaklum-balas-terhadap-kenyataan-yab-menteri-besar-johor-berhubung-sop-skim-daily-commuting-arrangement-dc-1%3Fredirect%3D%252Fweb%252Fguest%252Fpress-releases%26inheritRedirect%3Dtrue

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MFA Directory English Bahasa Melayu MALAYSIA WELCOMES THE ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE TREATY ON THE PROHIBITION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS Malaysia welcomes the entry into force of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) today. The Treaty is the first legally binding international instrument to comprehensively prohibit nuclear weapons, and comes into force after obtaining its 50th ratification on 24 October 2020. The TPNW, adopted at the United Nations (UN) on 7 July 2017, prohibits all activities related to nuclear weapons, including its development, testing, manufacturing, acquisition, possession, stockpiling, use and stationing. It further reinforces the norm that nuclear weapons are unacceptable, should not be used, should not be threatened to be used and need to be discarded and destroyed as soon as possible. Malaysia played a leading role in the processes leading up to the adoption of TPNW by the UN General Assembly in 2017. Malaysia signed the TPNW as soon as it was opened for signature on 20 September 2017 and ratified the Treaty two years later on 30 September 2020, making Malaysia the 46th State Party to the TPNW. Malaysia congratulates all State Parties to the TPNW and encourages other countries to expedite their accession to the Treaty. Malaysia believes that the TPNW is legally sound, feasible to implement and creates the legal norm that nuclear weapons are categorically unacceptable. With its entry into force, the global norms against nuclear weapons will be further strengthened. Malaysia hopes that the Treaty will change the nuclear disarmament discourse from one dominated by the nuclear weapons and nuclear-armed States, to one which is more democratic, equitable and where all States have an equal voice. Malaysia is committed to adopt the necessary measures to implement its obligations under the TPNW and will work closely with other States to ensure that there remains strong global momentum towards nuclear disarmament. Malaysia will also continue to engage with civil society in promoting nuclear disarmament awareness, education and discourse, in particular on the TPNW. Malaysia reaffirms its resolute commitment towards nuclear disarmament and will continue to work closely with other partners to realise the long-overdue goal of a world free of the threat of nuclear weapons. 22 January 2021

weapons_science

https://waltherusashop.com/

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Walther ARMS USA WALTHER PISTOLS FOR SALE Buy Walther Arms handguns online. Walther Firearms has been renown throughout the world for its innovation since Carl Walther and his son, Fritz, created the first semi-automatic pistol in 1886. Today, the innovative spirit of its founders lives on as the company celebrates more than 130 years as one of the world’s leading premium manufacturers of sporting, defense and competition firearms. Browse through a list of Walther Arms such as the Walther PPK, Walther PPQ, Walther PPQ M2, Walther 9MM, Walther PPKS, Walther Q5, Walther P38 and many others which are sure to provide maximum satisfaction and leave all our customers satisfied. We guarantee Maximum efficiency with minimal effort on all of our products. Customer satisfaction is our number one priority. Thats why we base and pride ourselves on producing the highest quality firearms which are all offered at the best prices. Walther Firearms has been manufacturing world-class firearms, and our new catalog is filled with even more excellent products.

weapons_science

https://iwi.us/the-highly-anticipated-iwi-us-tavor-x95-in-300-blackout-is-now-shipping/

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The Highly-Anticipated IWI US TAVOR® X95™ in .300 Blackout is Now Shipping Ultra-reliable, ergonomic, compact and now available in the quiet yet hard hitting 300 BLK, the TAVOR® X95™ may just be the ultimate personal defense weapon. Harrisburg, Pa. (May 2017) – IWI US, Inc., a subsidiary of Israel Weapon Industries (IWI) Ltd., is pleased to announce, after much customer anticipation, the first shipments of its award-winning TAVOR® X95™ in .300 Blackout are leaving the warehouse and shipping to dealers everywhere. “Our customers have been clamoring for us to release the X95 in 300 BLK for quite a while. It’s not hard to see why; 300 BLK can be shot subsonic and suppressed, yet still hit hard. Combine that with the compact, ergonomic and ultra-reliable X95 and you may just have the ultimate personal defense weapon. We are pleased to announce that the first shipments of our X95 in 300 BLK are leaving our warehouse today, both in black and flat dark earth,” said Michael Kassnar, VP of Sales and Marketing for IWI US. The TAVOR X95 recently won the 2017 Golden Bullseye Award for Rifle of the Year from Shooting Illustrated. Before it was winning awards in the U.S., it was in Israel defending freedom and fighting terrorism, proving itself to be reliable and capable in the most extreme conditions. The X95 in 300 BLK eats subsonic or supersonic rounds, suppressed or unsuppressed, due to the barrel’s easy-to-adjust integral gas regulator. The rifle incorporates a tri-rail forearm covered by three removable vented rail covers, allowing the shooter to customize it with lights, lasers and other accessories. The TAVOR-style grip is modular and can be easily converted to a more conventional pistol grip with a traditional trigger guard. The charging handle has also been relocated closer to the shooter’s center mass and unlike the TAVOR, the ambidextrous magazine release is located in the traditional AR-15 location near the trigger guard on the TAVOR X95. Available in Black, FDE and OD Green, the TAVOR X95 features a lightweight 6-pound trigger pull. MSRP is $2.049.00. For more information, please visit www.iwi.us. About IWI US, Inc. IWI US, Inc. is the USA-based subsidiary of Israel Weapon Industries (IWI) Ltd. of Ramat Hasharon, Israel and a member of the SK Group, a leading defense and security group of companies that operate in the global Defense and Law Enforcement markets. The IWI US line of products includes several configurations of the Tavor® X95™, TAVOR® SAR, Jericho® 941™ pistol, UZI® PRO pistol and Galil ACE® rifles and pistols.

weapons_science

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Dozens of Ukrainian troops recently completed training in Norway on how to operate and maintain the system. The first two NASAMS delivered to Kyiv are now in use, but the number of launchers included in each of them is unclear. This weapon generally falls into what militaries call a medium-range air defense system, able to hit targets at greater distances than weapons like the shoulder-fired Stinger missile the Pentagon has provided Ukraine, but with less range than larger and more expensive ones like the Patriot missile system. So while NASAMS can shoot down drones, helicopters, jets and cruise missiles, it is not considered effective against ballistic missiles of the type Russia is reportedly trying to purchase from Iran. “It’s an advanced system, more modern than what Ukraine has now,” said Ian Williams, the deputy director of the Missile Defense Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a think tank based in Washington. “It will allow them to defend larger sites, places like critical infrastructure, and the batteries — the launchers themselves — can be spread out over quite a big area,” he said. “A single battery can’t defend everywhere, but it will allow them to beef up defenses at certain critical sites that need protection,” including around electrical infrastructure. The launcher is capable of firing four different American-made missiles, Mr. Williams said, including the heat-seeking AIM-9X Sidewinder and the AIM-120 Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile, which has a radar that can home in on airborne threats about 30 miles away. Additionally, it can identify targets approaching from any direction, Mr. Williams said. These missiles are among the most commonly purchased by the air forces of the United States, NATO countries and other partners, with tens of thousands of each in circulation.

weapons_science

https://eng.sarbaz.kz/technology/677-the-new-technological-level-of-autonomous-aerial-vehicles/

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Both autonomous systems are more flexible and significantly cheaper to operate compared to models used on the international stage. The American defense company Anduril, specializing in new defense technologies and producing unmanned aerial vehicles, showcased two new developments, as reported by Sarbaz.kz with reference to anduril.com. The company noted that both Autonomous Unmanned Systems (AUS) have been released to the market and are available for use by armed forces worldwide. It is therefore crucial to familiarize oneself with the characteristics declared by the manufacturer for each of the versions. The autonomous aerial vehicle, Roadrunner, is equipped with two vertical takeoff and landing jet engines, operator-controlled, and fitted with twin turbojet engines. Thanks to its modular payload system, it can transport cargo, enabling it to perform various mission types. The maneuverability and flexibility of the vehicle allow for quick launch and return to any geographical point. On the other hand, Roadrunner-M is a modified model of Roadrunner designed for detecting and intercepting various aerial threats. Even if it fails to intercept the target, it can return to the base and be relaunched, making it reusable. This is its distinguishing feature from other vehicles. Notably, both vehicles take off vertically from an autonomous hangar, which serves as both the launchpad and provides autonomous monitoring of all device systems. The company also highlighted that both autonomous systems are more flexible and much cheaper to operate compared to models used on the international stage. The futuristic design of the vehicles is striking in their images. However, as for the main parameters of speed, flight range, and altitude, no information has been disclosed yet. The company has not revealed these details.

weapons_science

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Aiming at the influences of explosive enlargement and explosive lining on the density of surrounding media, numerical simulations and field tests are carried out. The results of numerical simulations by Dyna-2D are consistent with the conclusions of related studies in recent 20 years. The numerical simulations show that there exists a low-density zone at the inwall of explosively formed cavity or lining, and the density in the zone is lower than its initial one. But the field tests results do not support the above conclusions. Ten field explosive tests are carried out to confirm the density of the media. The results indicate that the densities of the cavity’s surrounding media, formed through either explosive enlargement or explosive lining, are all higher than their initial ones, and no so-called low-density zone exists. The following viewpoints are all mistaken that the density isn’t the highest at the inwall near the cavity, and that there exists a medium zone whose density is lower than its initial one.

weapons_science

http://auroranewsregister.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5843:perpetrator-to-blame-for-atrocity&catid=7:letters&Itemid=15

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|Perpetrator to blame for atrocity| To the editor: I was disappointed to read the editorial column calling for further gun control, particularly on so-called assault weapons. The editor claimed to "fully support the Second Amendment" then made a hypocritical statement supporting limits on the sale of assault weapons, banning high-capacity magazines, and finding it "hard to defend why those rights should cover an arsenal designed for military use." The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) recently held in D.C. v. Heller that the Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess weapons "in common use for lawful purposes." The AR-15 rifle, the type used in Newtown, is the most popular centerfire rifle for sale in this country and has been for several years, according to the National Shooting Sports Foundation. Thus, the AR-15’s popularity indicates it is in common use. No longer on the fringe, AR-15 variants are manufactured by hunting bellwethers Remington and Mossberg as well as by firms with a rich history of civilian self-defense arms including Smith & Wesson and Colt. SCOTUS’ opinion in U.S. v. Miller indicated that the Second Amendment protects firearms that are conducive to militia service and are "ordinary military equipment." The AR-15 rifle is the semi-automatic (one shot for one pull of the trigger) version of the Army’s fully-automatic M16 rifle and M4 carbine, so the AR-15 passes the Miller test. If we look past AR-15 rifles and other assault weapons, we will find that many other common arms have a military pedigree. One of the most common is the bolt action rifle, found in deer stands and battlefields alike. The fodder for the M1903 Springfield bolt action rifle is the classic .30-06 cartridge, designed by and for the U.S. military, and one of the best selling cartridges for big game hunting. The Remington 700 is issued to certain troops and is a favorite with hunters. The pump-action shotgun saw military use as far back as World War I and is still a tool used by the military. Revolvers have been used by the military as far back the 19th century. If we begin banning or imposing draconian limits on firearms with a military heritage, we will find ourselves left with sticks and stones. The fringe left would have people believe that AR-15 rifles and rifles similar to them have no use except on the battlefield. This is untrue. Such rifles are legally taken afield every year to humanely hunt large and small game. They are also used in sanctioned competitions including the National Matches at Camp Perry and in more jocular events like Pandemic 2012 in Grand Island. The editorial points out there are millions of these firearms in the hands of citizens, but the writer seems to disregard the fact that on Dec. 14, only one of them was used by a monster. In the same vein, I do not see the editor calling for bans on cars and trucks despite their involvement in DUI deaths. It would be ludicrous to blame the vehicle as it is just a tool. We need to place the blame for this shooting not on the gun, the parents, or video games. The responsibility for this atrocity falls squarely on the perpetrator. We already have safeguards in place to limit access to weapons. It is already illegal for someone adjudicated mentally defective or committed to a mental institution to possess firearms. Fugitives, felons, wife beaters, illegal aliens, and drug addicts are prohibited from possessing firearms. Connecticut is one of seven states with a state-level assault weapons ban. There are tens of thousands of laws pertaining to firearms in this country. It is naïve to think that one more law, especially one which disproportionately punishes law-abiding citizens, would curtail the activities of a depraved lunatic.

weapons_science

http://bathbrunswick.wcsh6.com/news/news?page=87

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BATH, Maine (AP) -- Maine's Bath Iron Works has won the competition for two out of three destroyers to be built in addition to three next-generation destroyers already on the books. The Navy agreed to award one ship apiece to Bath Iron Works and Huntington Ingalls in Mississippi. The third ship was to be awarded on a competitive basis, and the Navy said Monday that it awarded an option for the third ship to Bath. Earlier this month, the Navy announced that it had come to terms with the contract to complete all three next-generation Zumwalt destroyers. Because they're so expensive, the Navy decided to go back to building Arleigh Burke-class destroyers, and those three contracts were announced Monday. Both Bath and Huntington were awarded $680 million apiece for the first two ships.

weapons_science

https://www.riggwelterfieldarchers.co.uk/equip.html

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Field archery, like any other sport/pastime has manufacturers that will sell you the next must have piece of kit that will get you better results or you just won't be able to live without. Here we will just list the basics that will allow you to enjoy archery with a minimum of fuss. The longbow of the middle ages was made of a single stave of Yew with the sapwood (on the outside of the tree) forming the back and the heartwood the belly of the bow. This forms a natural "laminate". Its modern counterpart is made up of laminates of various types of wood glued to form a laminate. Being a traditional bow, there are no sights, arrow rests or other gadgets that attach to the bow. This is probably the most difficult bow type to master, one for the purist. The Longbow on Wikipedia The Flatbow or more correctly American Flat Bow (AFB), although confusingly the Americans call it the longbow. Is made up of a laminate of fibreglass on both sides of a wooden core and is not surprisingly, flat in section, well rectangular actually. Rather than shooting off the hand it has an area that is cut-away to shoot the arrow from the shelf making it more forgiving than the longbow. The Flatbow on Wikipedia Fieldbow/One Piece Recurve Fieldbows are usually a little shorter and also tend to be somewhat lighter in weight than its cousin, the target recurve. Unlike the target recurve fieldbows are not designed to be shot with sights, stabilisers and other attachments making them easier to manoeuvre in woodland, a typical field archery environment. Construction is similar to the flatbow in that, there is a laminate of glass fibre with a wooden core. The fieldbow is popular in field archery. The Fieldow on Wikipedia Target recurve bows are used in two ways in field archery, firstly like our target brethren with sights stabilisers and other attachments. Secondly without any attachments, known as barebow. The target recurve has a handle or riser which the recurved limbs attach to. Beginners bow risers are generally made of wood or plastic with higher quality riser machined from a single billet of aluminium alloy. The compound bow is characterized by eccentric wheels or cams on the upper and lower limbs. The maximum force necessary to draw a bow to its full extent is called the draw weight. The cams allow a compound bow to be held at full draw with only a fraction of the draw weight. That fraction expressed as a percentage is called the letoff. The letoff of most compounds is between 50 and 80%. In other words, when you draw a compound bow you have to use the force of full draw weight, but suddenly the draw weight falls off to the letoff fraction when fully drawn. The disadvantages of the compound bow are that it tends to be much heavier that traditional bows and requires specialist tools for maintenance. Arrows are generally made from three different materials; wood, aluminium and carbon. Although other woods are used, Port Orford Cedar (POC) has long been the preferred wood for for traditional archers, which is prized for it's strength and straight grain. Aluminium, which is much more durable in a field archery environment is preferred by some traditional archers. Manufactured to high tolerances and therefore much straighter, which makes the arrow more accurate to shoot than the wooden variety. The latest high tech material to be used for arrows is carbon fibre. This makes an arrow that is considerably lighter in weight than wood and aluminium giving a very flat trajectory which is beneficial when shooting at longer distances. You will need a quiver to carry your arrows around the course, the most popular being the back and the side quiver. The choice comes down to personal preference, although I have seen several archers with back quivers eventually convert to the side type. A bracer is essential, as any archer that has had the string painfully hit the inside of the forearm will tell you. The choices are from a basic plastic bracer up to a fancy tooled leather affair. Both will do the exact same job of protecting your forearm from the impact of the string. A finger tab or shooting glove are required to protect your fingers from repeatedly pulling on a narrow string. Again, there are many different designs of finger tab and selection is down to trial and error until you find a style that suits. A shooting glove covers the three fingers used to draw the bowstring.

weapons_science

https://speralto.com/26331-the-history-of-springfield-armory-and-the-hellcat-product-line-57/

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The Founding of Springfield Armory Springfield Armory began as a small armory founded in 1777 in Springfield, Massachusetts to support the American Revolution. During the war, the armory produced weapons for the Continental Army. After the war, the armory continued to produce arms for the United States military until its closure in 1968. The Hellcat Product Line The Hellcat, manufactured by Springfield Armory, is a popular line of micro-compact pistols. The series includes Hellcat and Hellcat OSP. The Hellcat OSP is designed to accept micro red dot optics. Both models have a capacity of 11 or 13 rounds, depending on the magazine used. Features and Benefits of the Hellcat The Popularity of the Hellcat Since its release in 2019, the Hellcat has quickly become one of the most popular lines of concealed carry pistols on the market. The combination of its small size, high capacity, and other advanced features has made it a top choice for gun owners who prioritize safety and reliability. The Legacy of Springfield Armory Although Springfield Armory is no longer in operation, its legacy is still felt in the firearms industry today. During its time in operation, the armory produced some of the most iconic firearms in American history. In addition to the Hellcat product line, Springfield Armory is also known for the M1 Garand, the Springfield Model 1903, and the Springfield Model 1911. Want to learn more about the subject covered? Hellcat Springfield, check out the carefully selected external content to supplement your reading and enhance your knowledge of the topic. In conclusion, Springfield Armory has a rich history in American firearms manufacturing. The Hellcat product line is just the latest in a long line of iconic firearms produced by the legendary armory. With its advanced features and impressive performance, the Hellcat is an excellent addition to the Springfield Armory legacy. Check out the related links to broaden your knowledge:

weapons_science

http://rememberthemaine.com/?wpsc-product=1883-hotchkiss-army-rotary-gun

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For Sale; 1883 Hotchkiss Army Rotary Gun A 100% original, complete Hotchkiss 1883 5 barrel Revolving 37mm Gun on it's field carriage. It uses the short brass cases with 1 pound projectiles. The gun was purchased by the Spanish government and saw field use. All functions of the gun are in working order. Brake system in place. No missing parts. This piece was a war trophy brought back from Havana, Cuba in 1898 by the US Army. We have fired this gun on several occasions. More details, photos and documentation available. A perfect Spanish American War, 5th Army Corps trophy. We can arrange crating and shipping with Old Dominion. Buyer to pay all costs. Pleases feel free to call me. Reasonable offers will be considered.

weapons_science

https://www.frontpagemag.com/what-israels-military-provides-to-the-usa/

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Vivek Ramaswamy, who has suggested that American military aid to Israel be ended by 2028, apparently does not realize just how important Israel’s successful use of American weapons on the battlefield has been as a selling point for those weapons in other countries. Nor is he aware of the extent of Israeli improvements to those American weapons that Israel is able to buy with that $3 billion in annual military aid, improvements that Israel of course shares with its American ally. Finally, Ramswamy does not know just how important is the flow of Israeli-made weapons to the U.S. military. After Ramaswamy made his remark about phasing out military aid to Israel by 2028, Matthew Brooks, the CEO of the Republican Jewish Coalition, wrote a reply that is discussed here: “Republican Jewish Group Pushes Back on Ramaswamy’s Stance Against Israel Aid,” by Alana Goodman, Washington Free Beacon, August 22, 2023: Brooks noted that Israel spends 85 percent of its aid on American-manufactured arms, is a partner with U.S. Central Command, cooperates closely with the U.S. defense industry, and has “battle-tested a number of important systems, testing that has benefited U.S. forces.” In other words, 85% of the aid Israel receives to spend on its military must be spent on American weapons — Ramaswamy should know that this is money coming back to the U.S. Furthermore, Israel’s successful use of American weapons has greatly increased their attractiveness to other potential customers around the world. Having “battle-tested” American weapons, with spectacular results, Israel has become the best advertisement for the American defense industry. How many tens of billions of dollars worth of American weapons have been sold because Israel used them first on the battlefield? Saudi Arabia, the UAE, India, Taiwan, and South Korea, among others, want what the Israelis have and so do many other countries. Furthermore, the Israelis are constantly improving the American weapons they use, and those improvements made or suggested by Israeli weapons engineers, are often incorporated into the weapons used by the American military and sold by America’s defense industry. Israel has in the past been especially helpful with its improvements to the American TOW anti-tank missile. its modifications of M16 and CAR-15 arms, its improvements to what has been renamed the Machbet Self-Propelled Antiaircraft Gun, and with the extensive changes Israeli aeronautical engineers have made to the American F-15 fighter jets that have been the mainstay of the Israeli Air Force for three decades. Israel’s enormous population of engineers, which was greatly increased by the arrival of first-rate engineers and scientists from the Soviet Union, has also made the country the most important foreign supplier of advanced weaponry to the American military — that is, its own weapons and not merely improved versions of American weapons. Some of them are discussed here. A few of those Israeli weapons that are now in the American arsenal are discussed here. The U.S. Army has purchased an emerging Israeli technology for Abrams tanks, Bradleys and Strykers, designed to give combat vehicles an opportunity identify, track and destroy approaching enemy rocket-propelled grenades in a matter of milliseconds. Trophy is an Active Protection System (APS) that uses a 360-degree radar, processor and on-board computer to locate, track and destroy approaching fire coming from a range of weapons such as Anti-Tank-Guided-Missiles and Rocket Propelled Grenades. The U.S. Army has also bought the IDF’s Iron Fist Light Configuration active protection system for its armored personnel carriers in June 2015, developed by Israel Military Industries. The system uses a complex network of radar and electro-optics to detect and neutralize a broad range of missiles and other objects. The Iron Fist Light Configuration can jam the GPS systems of incoming projectiles causing them to malfunction and fall to the ground, and can also deploy interceptors that destroy incoming objects with a shock wave. Israel’s Elbit Systems was awarded a $73.4 million, 15-year contract from the US Marine Corps in March 2015 to supply them with new laser systems. The new systems will assist Marines in concealed positions with imaging, range-finding, and and navigation through combat areas. This will allow the soldiers to acquire and dispatch targets from their concealed positions, significantly lessening the potential impact of a mistake and keeping the soldiers safe…. Of course, I could provide many, many more examples of Israeli weapons that have been taken up by the U.S. military. But these are sufficient to make the point for Vivek Ramaswamy. American military aid to Israel is not a gift but an investment that pays enormous dividends, for it provides Israel with American weapons it uses successfully, and thus wins more customers for the American defense industry. That American military aid gives Israeli engineers weapons which they have in many cases improved upon, and Israel share those improvements with the Americans. That military aid frees up other funds in Israel that can be spent on Israel’s own defense industry, that has managed to come up with many advances in weaponry that, again, are promptly shared with the Americans. Finally, any sign of a lessened commitment to Israel — which is how ending American aid by 2028 would be interpreted, will only weaken Israel’s ability to deter its enemies, and encourage them to once again try to destroy the Jewish state, “from the river to the sea.”

weapons_science

https://bcgf.org/content.aspx?page_id=4002&club_id=151422&item_id=1777392&event_date_id=255

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Events - Event View This is the "Event Detail" view, showing all available information for this event. If the event has passed, click the "Event Report" button to read a report and view photos that were uploaded. RIFLE RANGE CLOSURE: 100/25 YDS Saturday, August 20, 2022, 9:00 AM until 3:00 PM 3400 Northwind Road Parkville, MD 21234 Registration is not Required All rifle and the 25 yard pistol ranges are closed for the muzzleloader sight in.

weapons_science

https://www.campmor.com/products/morakniv-companion-spark-red-peggable-card

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A high-quality fire starter is built right into the handle for easy access and use along the blade’s 90-degree spine, with a reflective cord that makes it easy to spot. The sheath is made of a durable polymer with a handy clip for easy attachment to a belt or pack. MORAKNIV SPARK FEATURES - Knife with a 2.5 mm thick cold-rolled stainless steel blade. - Scandinavian grind produces a very sharp edge with excellent control of the cut and is easy to sharpen. - Ergonomic handle with patterned high-friction rubber grip gives the feeling of control, making work easier, as if the knife were an extension of your hand. - Color-matching plastic sheath with belt loop. - The spine of the blade has been ground to 90° for use with the included firestriker. - 3,000 strike ferro rod locks into handle - Reflective nylon lanyard MORAKNIV SPARK SPECIFICATIONS - Stainless steel blade - Blade Thickness: 0.1" (2.5 mm) - Blade Length: 4.1" (104 mm) - Total Length: 9.4" (238 mm) - Net Weight: 4.5 oz. (116 g) - Limited-Lifetime Warranty

weapons_science

https://www.catt-bigbuckbootcamp.org/gun-shooting-range

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GUN SHOOTING RANGE Pistol Shooting Range In order to further hone our guests’ marksmen skills, we also feature a pistol shooting range. Our gun shooting range is a favorite for learning personal protection and safety as well as the different types of pistols such as single and double action revolvers, and semi automatic and black powder pistols. Our outdoor shooting range Indiana location goal for our guests is to gain a better understanding of their firearms. Guests will learn the functional differences of each pistol and the importance of pistol safety due to the elevated dangers of shooting a short-barreled weapon in addition to the importance of gun cleaning and care, ear protection and situation awareness.

weapons_science

https://mea.gov.in/in-focus-article.htm?22262/Statement+by+External+Affairs+Minister+at+the+High+Level+Meeting+of+the+General+Assembly+on+Nuclear+Disarmament

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His Excellency, President of the General Assembly, His Excellency the Secretary General of the United Nations, Distinguished colleagues, ladies and gentlemen It is an honour to address this high level gathering on Nuclear Disarmament. We associate ourselves with the statement made by the NAM. Mr. President, from the days of our freedom struggle, we have been consistent in our support for the global elimination of all weapons of mass destruction. Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of our nation, was moved by the tragedy of Hiroshima and Nagasaki but remained unshaken in his belief in non-violence. He wrote that he regarded theemployment of the atom bomb for the wholesale destruction of men, women and children as the most diabolical use of science. More than six decades later, it remains our collective challenge to craft a nuclear weapon free and non-violent world order. India remains convinced that its security would be strengthened in a nuclear weapon free and non-violent world order.This conviction is based both on principle as well as pragmatism. We believe that the goal of nuclear disarmament can be achieved through a step-by-step process underwritten by a universal commitment and an agreed multilateral framework that is global and non-discriminatory. There is need for a meaningful dialogue among all states possessing nuclear weapons to build trust and confidence and for reducing the salience of nuclear weapons in international affairs and security doctrines. Progressive steps are needed for the de-legitimization of nuclear weapons paving the way for their complete elimination. In 1988, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi presented to the UN General a comprehensive Action Plan for a nuclear weapon free and non-violent world order, which if implemented would have rid the world of nuclear weapons by 2008. India’s subsequent proposals in the General Assembly and the Conference on Disarmament are testimony to our consistent support for nuclear disarmament based on the key principles of the Rajiv Gandhi Action Plan for achieving nuclear disarmament in a time bound manner. As a responsible nuclear power, we have a credible minimum deterrence policy and a posture of no-first use. We refuse to participate in an arms race, including a nuclear arms race. We are prepared to negotiate a global No-First-Use treaty and our proposal for a Convention banning the use of nuclear weapons remains on the table. As we see no contradiction between nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation, we are also committed to working with the international community to advance our common objectives of non-proliferation, including through strong export controls and membership of the multilateral export regimes. Mr. President, the Non-Aligned Movement, of which India is a proud founding member, has proposed today the early commencement of negotiations in the CD on nuclear disarmament. We support this call. Without prejudice to the priority we attach to nuclear disarmament, we alsosupport the negotiation in the CD of a non-discriminatory and internationally verifiable treaty banning the future production of fissile material for nuclear weapons and other nuclear explosive devices that meets India's national security interests. It should be our collective endeavor to return the CD, which remains the single multilateral disarmament negotiating forum, to substantive work as early as possible. Mr. President, this meeting is proof that the international community remains concerned about the catastrophic consequences of nuclear war and the lack of progress in moving toward global nuclear disarmament. In recent years, many initiatives both official and non-governmental have been launched in order to make the vision of a nuclear weapon free world a reality. Simultaneously, there has been a welcome and well-deserved focus on preventing access by non-state actors, in particular terrorists, to weapons of mass destruction and related materials. The recent use of chemical weapons in Syria point to an urgent needfor the international community to strengthen restraints on use of weapons of mass destruction and in particular preventing their access to non state actors and terrorists.We hope that our discussions today would galvanize political willandhelp channel our collective efforts towards the noble goal of ridding the world of nuclear weapons and all other weapons of mass destruction. To that end, Mr. President, we pledge to you our full support and cooperation. I thank you. September 26, 2013

weapons_science

https://katalog.ub.uni-paderborn.de/primo_central/records/cdi_crossref_primary_10_1088_1757_899X_555_1_012009

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Identifying the possible source regions of elevated concentrations of Xenon-133 detected at the Takasaki Radionuclide Monitoring Station (JPX38) on 2 October 2017: Malaysian CTBT National Data Centre (MY-NDC) findings A couple of elevated concentrations of noble gas Xenon-133 were detected at the Takasaki Radionuclide Monitoring Station (JPX38) on 2 October 2017. Xenon-133 is among four relevant radioxenon isotopes that are used for monitoring and verification of nuclear explosions including Xenon-13, Xenon-133m and Xenon-131m. These radioxenon gases could be emitted either from nuclear explosion or civil nuclear facilities including medical isotopes production facilities, nuclear power reactors and nuclear research reactors. This paper presents the Malaysian CTBT National Data Centre (MY-NDC) findings in identifying the possible source regions for elevated concentrations of Xenon-133 detected at JPX38 on 2 October 2017. The findings will be useful in understanding the possible source of release for such Xenon-133 detection, whether coming from a late release of the 3 September 2017 North Korea nuclear test site or from civil nuclear facilities.

weapons_science

https://eng.tradeallupplus.com/resources/keyconcept/lmt-lockheed-martin-corporation

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LMT – Lockheed Martin Corporation Lockheed Martin Corporation (LMT) is a global security and aerospace company, which researches, designs, develops, manufactures, and maintains technology systems. It was founded in 1912 and is headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland. Its customers include the US government (75% of revenue) and private customers. It has a global footprint which includes the United States (72.9%), Europe (10.8%), Asia Pacific (8.8%), the Middle East (5.6%) and others (1.8%). As at 31/12/2020 Its operations span multiple industries including space, telecom, IT, energy and more. These are categorized into 4 business segments: Aeronautics, Missiles and Fire Control, Rotary and Mission Systems, and Space. The Aeronautics segment includes aircrafts (both manned and unmanned) in combat and air mobility, and related technologies. It’s product line includes the F-35, F-16, F-22 and C-130. The Missiles and Fire Control segment provides missile systems for air and anti-air-to-ground defense; tactical missiles; logistics; fire control systems; manned and unmanned ground vehicles, energy management solutions and many more military operations and engineering solutions. The Rotary and Mission Systems segment offers military and commercial helicopters; ship and submarine mission and combat systems; sea and land-based missile defense systems; simulation & training services; radar systems, and many more. It also provides services to governments for improving their cybersecurity and communications & command / control capabilities for defense applications. Its most well-known product is the Black hawk and Seahawk helicopters. The Space segment offers satellites; transportation; strategic, advanced strike, and defensive missile systems in support of national security systems. This also provides space and ground-based systems to help its customers gather, analyze, and securely distribute intelligence data. As at 31/12/2020

weapons_science

https://www.outdoorlife.fun/shotgun-review-benelli-super-black-eagle-3-one-of-the-best-waterfowl-shotguns/

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Shotgun Review: Benelli Super Black Eagle 3—One of the Best Waterfowl Shotguns It’s no wonder that waterfowlers count reliability as one of the most important qualities in a hunting shotgun, since they routinely hunt in conditions that can turn repeaters into single shots. Legendary reliability has made “Benelli” is a household name among waterfowl hunters. Benelli guns, such as the Benelli Super Black Eagle 3 shotgun, are celebrated and known as some of the best semiautomatic shotgun models in the world. Based in Urbino, Italy, far from the Italian gun-making center of Brescia, Benelli made motorcycles until the 1960s. While the Benelli family made shotguns for themselves, they didn’t start producing them until they met an engineer named Bruno Civolani who had an idea for a different kind of semiauto shotgun. The inertia action of Civolani’s shotgun proved to be extremely reliable in any conditions. And because it made no use of expanding gases like other semiauto designs, it stayed cleaner longer. Although Heckler and Koch began importing Benellis to the United States in the 1980s, it was the introduction of the Super Black Eagle in 1991 that made Benelli famous. The new Benelli Super Black Eagle 3 is one of the best shotguns you can buy if you are in the market for a top-of-the-line hunting shotgun. The Benelli SBE 3 Benelli Super Black Eagle 3 - Gauge: 12 - Chamber: 3.5-inch - Length: 49. 5 inches - LOP: 14 inches - Trigger weight: 6.2 pounds - Overall weight: 7 pounds What Kind of Shotgun Is the Benelli Super Black Eagle 3? The Super Black Eagle was the first semiautomatic shotgun chambered for the new 3 ½-inch 12-gauge cartridge. The 3 ½ shell had developed to increase the capacity of 12 gauges so they could hold more large steel shot pellets, as non-toxic shot had recently been mandated for all waterfowl hunting in the United States. Waterfowlers took notice of this gun, not just for its 3 ½-inch capacity, but for its trim lines and reliability. It sold for the then-unheard of price of $1,000. It quickly became the prestige gun among duck hunters, even earning the tongue-in-cheek nickname, “Arkansas Purdey.” Since the original Super Black Eagle debuted, Benelli has overhauled the gun twice. Besides updating the gun’s lines, the SBE2 featured Benelli’s ComforTech stock that helps reduce the recoil that lightweight inertia guns are known for. The latest Super Black Eagle, the SBE3, cures the maddening out-of-battery misfire that plagues intertia guns, not often, but always at the worst time. It features a number of other improvements, too, which were on display when we put the gun through its paces. How We Tested the Benelli Super Black Eagle 3 Outdoor Life Editor-in-Chief Alex Robinson brought his Benelli SBE3 for us to review during our teal hunt at Pintail Hunt Club. All of us loved shooting it in the field and at clays. One of the advantages of inertia guns over gas-operated designs is that they have no bulky gas system parts around the magazine tube, so the forearm can be very trim. There was a huge difference in feel between the SBE3 and guns like the Browning Maxus II and the very bulky Beretta A400 Xtreme Plus. The slender forearm helps the gun point very naturally. And, as expected, the gun tipped the scales at 7 pounds even—a lightweight gun for a 12-gauge semiauto. The trigger pull measured 6.2 pounds, which is about normal for a hunting gun. Our gun patterned well when we tested it with Federal Speed Shok steel 2s with the factory Modified choke. Testing for point of impact did reveal a very high-shooting gun. Many of the early SBE3s shot extremely high, and Robinson’s gun is one of the older ones. While Benelli has since corrected for point of impact somewhat, the guns do shoot high. With that said, we had absolutely no problem hitting ducks or clay birds with the gun. It cycled 1 1/8-ounce target loads perfectly and had no trouble digesting hunting loads, either. The ComforTech 3 recoil reduction system includes a soft cheek pad that goes a long way toward making this lightweight inertia gun comfortable to shoot. None of us complained about its recoil. Also, the enlarged controls made it an easy gun to handle. One of the best improvements to the new gun is the Easy Locking bolt. This feature eliminates the misfires that plague inertia guns that have been bumped out of battery or loading by easing the bolt forward. Methodology: How We Judged the Benelli Super Black Eagle 3 Handling and Ergonomics The SBE3 suits the tastes of contemporary waterfowlers, who tend to prefer lighter-weight guns. The ComforTech 3 recoil reduction makes the gun comfortable to shoot even with hunting loads, which might otherwise kick unduly in a 7-pound 12-gauge duck hunting gun. The enlarged controls made it easy to work the safety and release the bolt. Workmanship and Aesthetics The new SBE3 is trimmer through the grip than its predecessors and slightly lighter. It also maintains the contemporary styling of the SBE 2, with a few tweaks. As you should expect for a gun selling for $1,800, the SBE 3 is a well put-together hunting shotgun. We couldn’t find any fault with its fit and finish. Robinson’s gun has a gray OptiFade camo finish that has held up well to the abuses it has suffered. The enlarged safety and bolt handle make it easy to use with the cold hands. And the bolt release is big enough to be easy to push, but flush enough that you don’t bump it accidentally as you handle the gun. Because it handles any loads from 1 1/8-ounce target ammo on up to 3 ½-inch magnums, the SBE 3 can also serve as an upland gun, a gun for fun rounds of clay games, and for waterfowl hunting. Because of its high point of impact I’d be leery of shooting it at turkeys without some kind of optic. Fortunately the receiver is drilled and tapped for a scope or red-dot base. Also, the SBE 3 is light for serious target shooting and it struggles to handle very light target loads that some prefer. New for this year, Benelli introduced both a 3-inch 12 gauge and 3-inch 20 gauge SBE 3, giving you all the advantages of the original. Reliability made the Super Black Eagle’s reputation. And the the SBE 3 is the most reliable of all because it’s the first one with the Easy Locking bolt. No matter how hard we tried to bump or ease the bolt to make the gun misfire, we couldn’t. It locked solidly into battery and shot every time. We suffered no malfunctions or misfires with the SBE 3 either. “Value” isn’t usually the first word that you see when reading shotgun reviews about an $1,800 semiauto. But the SBE 3 is a durable, reliable, proven gun that will function perfectly for years in harsh conditions. And the new version with the Easy Locking bolt is more reliable than the SBE or SBE 2. A gun that won’t let you down is worth whatever you pay for it. What the Super Black Eagle 3 Does Best What the SBE 3 does best is work. It will deliver three shots when called upon. Better yet, the gun’s lines, controls and enhanced recoil reduction system all make it an easy gun to shoot under trying conditions. It’s light and easy to carry and handle. The trim lines makes it a gun anyone can shoot. And, it’s versatile. The 3 ½ capability lets it shoot heavy loads for geese and swans. You can also load it down and take it to the dove field or clays course. If you think of a shotgun as a tool just like your mud motor, the SBE 3 is reliable and will run in the worst weather. What the SBE 3 Does Worst The sticking point for many people with the Super Black Eagle 3 is the higher point of impact. To be honest, in the field and on the clays course we didn’t even think about the gun’s point of impact. We kept our focus on the teal and targets and all of us hit well with the gun. The high point of impact would become a problem for those times you need to aim a shotgun, say, in turkey or predator hunting when you have a chance to shoot at a stationary target. Fortunately, the SBE 3 is drilled and tapped for a scope or red-dot base. Better yet, the top of the receiver and the barrel are one piece of steel so there’s no play between the barrel and receiver that can harm accuracy. But, you might not want to take an unsighted SBE 3 turkey hunting without quite of bit of practice first. Also, while the ComforTech 3 system works, 3 ½-inch shells in light guns still kick hard. Final Thoughts on the Benelli Super Black Eagle 3 The Super Black Eagle changed waterfowl guns and made inertia-operated guns just as popular as gas guns. The Benelli Super Black Eagle 3 builds on the legacy of its predecessors. Where they were light and trim, it is lighter and trimmer. Where they were reliable, it is more reliable. Where they were versatile, it is more versatile since it can now be had in 3-inch 12 and 3-inch 20 gauge as well as in the original 3 ½ inch configuration. It became a classic waterfowl gun almost overnight when it was introduced in the 90s. It’s going stronger than ever 30 years later.

weapons_science

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Wing Commander III - Playerís Guide Of Skipper Missiles And Other Common Headaches One of the most formidable weapon systems in the Kilrathi inventory is a Skipper missile. It possesses a tremendous warhead which enables it to destroy almost any size ship with a single hit. This includes all of the Confed fleet carriers. If it were a simple torpedo, it would be bad enough, but the Skipper possesses the ability to cloak itself, decloaking only momentarily in order to maintain its lock on a target. Although it can be blown up with normal starfighter guns (a Skipperís EM signature is not large enough to enable a missile lock), itís difficult to hit something you canít see. Thus, itís only really vulnerable when itís out of cloak. Thankfully the missile is not as fast as others in the Kilrathi inventory and this enables most starfighters to overtake it using afterburners. Taking out a Skipper missile is difficult, but not impossible. In order to ensure the ability to overtake it, a light or medium interceptor should be used. On full afterburn, a light fighter is easily twice as fast as a Skipper, and this allows the pilot to engage the missile before it reaches its target. The Skipper is a large missile, and can only be launched by Kilrathi capital ships. This is helpful since you can disregard other targets and close on the launcher vessel, perhaps even destroying it before it gets a Skipper off. If you cannot destroy the launcher vessel in time, you should still be close enough to the Skipper to destroy it before it hits home. Keep a sharp eye on the radar for missile launches (yellow dots), since it may be your first indication of a new Skipper. Ship Selection Providing you donít blow her out in the love stakes, Rachel the mechanic is happy to provide you with a default ship and weapons payload for each mission. However, itís worth checking out the loadout terminal yourself prior to flying, just to double-check her selection. Her defaults are not always ideal - on a mission involving battles with Kilrathi capital ships, for instance, the heavily-armoured Longbow, with its devastating selection of missiles and torpedoes, is whatís required to do the job. Bear in mind, however, that it is a sluggish ship and is easily outflown by, say, a Vaktoth or Sorthak class fighter. In straight dogfighting scenarios (which normally emerge from patrol missions), the best choice is the very nippy and manoeuvrable Arrow. Fighters vs Capital Ships Like the Confederation, the Kilrathiís fighter craft are incapable of extended operations in space. As a result, for deep space campaigns they operate from a mother craft. All Kilrathi ships of destroyer size or larger contain hangar bays for the storage, re-arming and resupply of Kilrathi starfighters. If you ever encounter a squadron of Kilrathi fighters in the company of a capital ship, attempt to destroy the cap ship first. This will keep it from launching additional waves of fighters after the existing waves are destroyed. The removal of the extremely power-hungry and inefficient ‘phase shieldsí means that cap ships can once again be destroyed by fighter-class weapons, but the Kilrathi have countered this by adding more armour and gun turrets. These changes have forced pilots to modify their tactics somewhat. One method to attack a heavy ship is to pick the least defended side (normally the rear), and clear it of gun turrets. After a side of a cap ship has been stripped of protection, repeated attacks on that side usually yield spectacular results. Another attack method is available when flying the Arrow and the Excalibur. The pilot will need to set a course which will intercept the cap shipís course, yet not collide. After this is done, increase speed and activate the slide function. The starfighter becomes a floating gun turret and can provide a stable firing platform while throwing off any enemy gunnerís aim. After repeated runs, the ships armour will be melted away to nothing. Both methods are made much more difficult by the presence of enemy fighters. Morale As the commander of a Confed starfighter wing, the Wing Commander is responsible not only for success in the field, but for maintaining the morale of the pilots under his command. The way a commander interacts with his personnel will affect the way they think of him, and the way they perform in the field. The wingco must also understand the way his subordinates think, since not all personalities are the same. Some personnel fly well after a kind word, but not everyone responds to the same treatment. Still, success in the field will have a profound effect on the shipís morale, as will personal sacrifice. While conversing with characters on board the TCS Victory, bear in mind that itís possible to ‘cheatí - if what you say seems to have a bad effect on the outcome of the conversation, simply play the scene again and try out the other choice. Not really in the spirit of things, but advisable if youíre dead set on winning. And who isnít?

weapons_science

https://www.philippinesnews.net/news/271276962/brp-antonio-luna-holds-chemical-attack-defense-drills

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MANILA - The Philippine Navy (PN)'s second guided-missile frigate, the BRP Antonio Luna, has demonstrated its capability to protect its crewmen from chemical attack. "As the newest and the most capable asset in the Philippine Navy, BRP Antonio Luna (FF-151) conducts regular training and exercise so that it can respond to chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) attacks," a post from the ship's Facebook page said Thursday night. Also posted was a video clip showing BRP Antonio Luna's response to a simulated chemical weapon attack where crewmen were seen locking down all access points of the ship to prevent deadly gases from seeping in. The video also showed the ship's crewmen donning protective gear and going outside the weather decks to doubly ensure that all hatches are properly sealed. "Pre-wetting" or spraying water all over the ship's weather was also done to prevent chemical agents from sticking. The BRP Antonio Luna and the BRP Jose Rizal (FF-150) have the capability to detect chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives (CBRNE) attacks. The PN earlier said these ships would automatically seal themselves once its sensors detect that it is being subjected to CBRNE attacks. Once the ship is sealed, all possible contaminants are prevented from entering the ship's spaces, it added. Both ships are also capable of surface, sub-surface, air, and electronic warfare using state-of-the-art electronic sensors, long-range missiles, acoustic-guided torpedoes, and an embarked anti-submarine helicopter. The BRP Jose Rizal was commissioned on July 10, 2020, while BRP Antonio Luna's commissioning date was on March 19 this year. The contract for the two ships was placed at PHP16 billion, with PHP2 billion for weapon systems and munitions. (PNA)

weapons_science

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"The Bomber Mafia"| Reviewed by William Winkler Most Americans who know anything of the history of World War II believe that the war against Japan was brought to an end by the atomic destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. “The Bomber Mafia” by Malcolm Gladwell tells a different story. In the years leading up to World War II a small group of military strategists (the Bomber Mafia) in the newly formed Army Air Corps developed a new way of looking at warfare. Given the vast, and mostly futile, loss of human life in the trenches of World War I, these strategists felt that by destroying, from the air, an enemy’s technical ability to wage war, a conflict could be ended quicker and more humanely. Their belief rested on the parallel development of more powerful, better armored aircraft and the Norden bombsight, an analog-computer driven device that gave bombardiers a degree of precision previously thought impossible. These factors led to the Mafia’s creation of tenets of aerial bomb warfare, tenets that stated: · Because of improvements in armoring and weaponry, the bomber will always get through. · Since the bomber is unstoppable, it is possible to bomb by daylight. · If the target is visible, bombsight-assisted precision bombing is possible · With bombsight-assisted precision bombing, high-altitude bombing is preferable. In theory these principles should have reduced the nighttime bombing of Germany by Britain’s Royal Air Force to irrelevance. In real life the strategy cost more American lives and aircraft over Germany than was deemed acceptable, and the United States joined the RAF in nighttime saturation bombing, culminating in the needless demolition of Dresden, in southern Germany in February 1945. Until his transfer to the Pacific theater in 1944, General Curtis LeMay had overseen the U.S. swing from daytime precision to nighttime saturation bombing in Europe. Upon his arrival in the South Pacific he implemented low-level saturation bombing raids against dozens of Japanese cities, large and small, using incendiary devices to create firestorms that resulted in the deaths of an estimated half, to one million civilians. LeMay’s bombers continued to incinerate Japanese cities for a week after the second atomic bomb had been dropped on Nagasaki, until the day the Japanese officially capitulated. LeMay always said that the atomic bombs were superfluous, that the battle had already been won. The humanitarian tenets of the Bomber Mafia had been swept away in a sea of fire, only to be resurrected in more recent times by advancing technology and superior weaponry. Gladwell’s book, occasionally chatty in tone, is thoroughly researched and includes frequent citations from those involved in the ideological struggles and those who participated in the warfare itself. Those interested in recent American history will find it a brief, illuminating read.

weapons_science

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The new shotgun mount for the MRDS (mini red-dot sight) was created around the receivers of Remington 870, 1100, and 11-87. For easier, instinctive shooting, its saddle design places the dot of the MRDS very close to the bore. No gunsmithing is needed. Subject to Export Administration Regulations (15 CFR 730-744); ECCN Number 0A987; U.S. Department of Commerce authorization may be required to transfer this commodity to foreign persons. • EOTech reserves the right to change the product specifications at any time. • All EOTech material is for information purposes only and does not constitute any binding obligation or agreement by EOTech; and all claims about performance and performance characteristics assume normal, responsible usage within the warranty period. • EOTech users will often experience a point of impact shift away from the point of aim when the sight is used at a temperature different from the temperature at which the sight was zeroed. The point of aim shift may be greater the more extreme the temperature change. To achieve optimum accuracy, the sight should be re-zeroed whenever the temperature changes from the temperature at which the sight was zeroed. • All EOTech sights exhibit a varying degree of parallax depending on operating conditions.

weapons_science

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When it comes to hunting knives, two names instantly strike the imagination: the Tracker and the Bowie. They’re not just tools; they reflect ruggedness and adventure. If you’re caught at the crossroads of choosing between these two iconic blades, fret not! In this blog post, we’ll break down the differences and uses of tracker and bowie knives. Tracker knife, often called “Tactical Tracker” knives, have gained attention for their distinctive design that blends versatility and functionality. These knives typically boast a large, curved blade with a sweeping belly and a straight edge. Uses of Tracker Knives Tracker knives are renowned for their multi-purpose functionality. First off, they are well-suited for survival situations. They can be used for tasks like building shelters or cutting processing. True to their name, tracker knives were designed with tracking and hunting in mind. The curved blade aids in skinning and dressing game, while the straight edge is useful for precision cutting. Tracker knives are also valuable in camping situations. They are built to withstand the rigours of the great outdoors. Bowie knives have a storied history dating back to the 19th century. Named after the legendary frontiersman Jim Bowie, bowie knives were built for hand-to-hand combat. Bowie knives are full-tang fixed-blade knives with lengths typically between 11 and 18 inches. The fixed blades are usually thick and sharp, and the handle has a circumference that allows the user to deploy torque to the blade. The knife comes with a protective sheath. Uses of Bowie Knives Bowie knives serve multiple outdoor purposes. Their large, strong blades make them well-suited for heavy-duty tasks such as hunting and even self-defence. Its blade offers precise cutting, which means you can scale and gut a fish and chop through wood. While not as versatile as tracker knives in handling various tasks, Bowie knives excel in scenarios that require sheer cutting power and durability. Differences between Tracker and Bowie Knives - Blade Design and Length: One of the most noticeable differences between tracker and Bowie knives lies in their blade design and length. Tracker knives typically feature a more complex blade profile, often with a combination of curved and straight edges, providing versatility for various tasks. In contrast, Bowie knives boast a larger, single-edge blade with a distinct clip point, emphasizing strength and cutting power. Tracker knives usually have blades ranging from 7 to 9 inches, while Bowie knives commonly have longer blades, typically 11 to 18 inches. - Handle Design: Another notable difference between tracker and Bowie knives is their handle designs. Tracker knives typically feature a handle with finger grooves and textured surfaces. This design prevents slippage and offers precise control during a variety of tasks. On the other hand, Bowie knives often have more traditional handle designs, sometimes featuring materials like wood or bone. - Portability and Weight: When it comes to portability, tracker knives are generally more compact and lightweight than Bowie knives. This makes them easier to carry, especially during extended outdoor activities. Due to their larger size and heavier build, Bowie knives can be bulkier to transport. So, if you prioritize minimalism and want to travel light, a Bowie knife is your answer. - Best Uses: The best uses for tracker knives and Bowie knives align with their strengths. Tracker knives shine in situations where versatility is key. If you’re planning a camping trip or need a dependable tool for survival situations, a tracker knife should be your go-to. It can cut through ropes and craft tools. On the flip side, Bowie knives are ideal for tasks that demand power and durability. Opt for a Bowie knife if you’re a hunter or frequently deal with heavy-duty cutting. Choosing the Right Knife for You: A Quick Guide So, how do you decide between a Bowie and a tracker knife for your next adventure? Well, it boils down to your specific needs. Consider the activities you’ll engage in and choose the blade that aligns with those needs. Moreover, check the handle strength. A solid, ergonomic handle ensures a secure grip, minimizing the risk of accidents and providing you with better control during intricate tasks. Next, think about your budget. These knives come in various styles and materials, which can impact their cost. Quality is crucial, so it’s wise to strike a balance between your budget and the knife’s durability. Remember, your knife is more than just a tool; it’s a trusty sidekick that can significantly influence your outdoor experience. Therefore, pick the blade that resonates with your inner explorer and get ready to embark on a journey of slicing, dicing, and conquering the great outdoors.

weapons_science

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Ruger LCRx .38 Special Revolver, 5-Round, Single/ Double Action, 1.87 Inch Barrel- Ruger 5430 Patent pending polymer fire control housing holds all the fire control components in their proper dimensional relationships, reduces weight significantly, and helps reduce recoil. Patented friction reducing cam is the next generation design in fire control systems with an optimized cam that results in a smooth, non-stacking trigger pull. Monolithic frame which supports cylinder and barrel, is made from aerospace grade, 7000 series aluminum. Grip Peg allows a variety of grip styles to be installed, leaving ample room for recoil cushioning. Standard model has a Hogue Tamer grip, which is highly effective at reducing felt recoil. High-Strength stainless steel cylinder is extensively fluted (reducing weight) and features an Ionbond Diamondblack finish for excellent durability. LCRx models feature an external hammer that allows it to be fired in single-action mode. Also includes soft case. Finish: Matte Black, Synergistic Hard Coat Grip: Hogue Tamer Monogrip Front Sight: Replaceable, Pinned Ramp Rear Sight: U-Notch Integral Barrel Material: Stainless Steel Cylinder Finish: Ionbond Diamondblack Barrel Length: 1.875" Overall Length: 6.50" Weight: 13.50 oz. Twist: 1:16" RH MA Approved & Certified: Yes CA Approved: Yes

weapons_science

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Pedersoli’s Howdah 45/410 is a double triggered, breech loading, extractor pistol reproduction of the famous Auto & Burglar pistol produced by Ithaca in the 1920’s. Pedersoli’s model introduces completely different characteristics making it legal for importation and purchase in the US. The main difference is that Pedersoli’s Howdah 45/410 is chambered in 45 Colt, having 10.25 inch, 6-groove rifled barrels with a 1:48 right hand twist and equipped with lengthened chambers to support use of 3 inch .410 shotshells. The pistol is furnished with a ramp front sight and folding rear leaf sight. The rear grip fits snugly in the hand allowing easily controlled use. *The gun shown on this site is a pre-production sample and features shown may not match that of the production gun. For purchasing inquiries or questions, please visit us at IFG-USA.com.

weapons_science

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The rifle class consists of many weapons from multiple countries. The rifle class, both standard and bullpup, include the M4, AK-47, Steyr Aug, TAVOR, L85, and ACR Masada. These are the workhorses of your squad. With the longest range, the sniper rifle class can hit targets over 1000 feet away. With either semi-automatic and bolt action, they are incredibly effective at range, especially since they can eliminate targets with one shot.

weapons_science

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If you have spent hours in an online samurai swords store, you must have come across the magnificent Japanese Tanto sword. The Tanto sword is a traditional sword used by feudal soldiers in Japan. It was much smaller than the katana, with a typical overall length of 15 to 30 cm. It was, nevertheless, one of the most formidable swords ever created, and warriors utilized it in hundreds of fights. What Are Some Amazing Facts About the Ancient Japanese Tanto Sword? Other than being a fantastic close-combat weapon, the Tanto sword was quite functional. It was ideal for hiding due to its small size, and it could easily pierce armors. Moreover, it was legal for commoners to carry this weapon for self-defense, and you could choose from a dozen different blade types for this. Here are some of the top facts you need to know before you go out and buy the Tanto for yourself. Ideal for Hiding The Tanto was frequently hidden in the feudal warrior’s clothes due to its tiny size. Before introducing the wakizashi and Tanto, samurais in feudal Japan frequently carried a Tachi and Tanto. Only the Tachi was exposed, while the Tanto sword was hidden. So, this concealed weapon served as the last resort when the primary weapon gave up. Yoroi Toshi: The Armor-Piercing Weapon When the Mongolian armies conquered the region, Japanese swordsmiths recognized the necessity for armor-piercing weapons. Samurais, who wore strong and wore leather-boiled equipment, failed to defeat their Mongolian adversaries. However, the Tanto came in handy in this situation. It was designed with large contours that could pierce armor. So, it could easily pierce thick armor and get to the organs of the opponent. Swordsmiths even gave this unique form of Tanto a name: Yoroi Toshi. Allowed for Commoners Samurai soldiers were known to carry this sword. Certain common people also carried a Tanto sword. Women, for example, concealed a kaiken, a kind of Tanto, in their kimono for self-defense. Its tiny size makes it an especially excellent self-defense blade. So, many commoners, such as merchants, tradespeople, and more, carried it for safety and protection against adversaries. It was well-hidden in their sashes. Multiple Blade Types The Tanto was not created with a particular blade type in mind. Swordsmiths created the Tanto with more than a couple dozen edge varieties. In Tanto’s manufacture, the HIRA was perhaps the most frequent blade variety. It had edge bevels around the blade’s periphery, with no flatness between each one. Another frequent blade kind in the Tanto was the SHOBU. It had a long center ride that ran through the whole of the sword. Due to limits on weaponry manufacture, the Tanto fell out of favor after WWII, like other Japanese Traditional blades. Nevertheless, there has been a surge in demand for this sharp weapon in current history. Collectors and martial artists alike are on the lookout for Tantos these days. If you are also a huge fan of ancient Japanese swords, the Tanto blade is the ideal option for you. It is smaller than a katana, but it offers amazing control, balance and can be concealed. It also looks good on your wall, and you can complete your sword set.

weapons_science

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Was the German Zimmerit effective in World War II The Panzerkampfwagen III (also PzKpfw III or Panzer III) was a German medium tank in World War II. Intended as a standard model for the future tank divisions, it was equipped with an armor-piercing cannon for anti-tank combat, while the similar Panzer IV was to serve as a support vehicle. The Panzer III developed by Daimler-Benz, which was the most important German armored fighting vehicle in 1941 and 1942, did well in the first half of the war, but after that, with the appearance of more powerful enemy tanks, its combat value quickly declined due to the limited expandability. From 1936 to 1943 5,700 copies were produced, with the chassis being produced as the basis for the much more successful Sturmgeschütz III until the end of the war. execution H in a museum |Unit price||96,183 Reichsmarks| |Armor and armament| |Armor||10–30 mm (+30 mm additional armor)| |Main armament||5 cm KwK 38 L / 42| |Secondary armament||2 x 7.92mm MG 34| |drive||Maybach 12-cylinder gasoline engine| 300 hp (221 kW) |Top speed||40/20 km / h (road / terrain)| |Power / weight||13.9 hp / t| |Range||175/100 km (road / terrain)| As a result of the extensive retrofitting campaigns, there was a large number of different vehicles, so that an unequivocal assignment to a specific version was not always possible. Due to the large number of versions, a description that applies equally to all models is not possible. Turret and armament The turret of Panzerkampfwagen III did not have a turret floor. The seat of the commander and the gunner was attached to the tower wall. The loader standing to the right of the main weapon had to constantly follow the turret movement. To see the outside, it had an observation opening on the right side of the tower, protected by a glass block and an external flap. A similar viewing flap was on the left side of the turret for the gunner. The turret was swiveled by hand, the cannon being fired electrically via a trigger located on the swivel drive. The axially parallel machine gun was operated mechanically with a pedal. The gunner and loader each had a side exit opening with two flaps. The commander sat raised in the middle of the turret directly behind the main weapon. He had a dome accessible with two entry flaps, which had five viewing slits protected by glass blocks and steel sliders for all-round visibility. In order to support the gunner in pivoting the turret, the commander had an additional handle on the right side. These two crew members also had a tower position indicator. There was an emergency exit on both sides of the armored hull, which was partially omitted from the L version and completely from the M version. |Ammunition and penetration performance of the KwK| |Ammunition nomenclature||3.7 cm| (from 3.7 cm KwK 36L / 45) (from 5 cm KwK 38 L / 42) (from 5 cm KwK 39 L / 60) (from 7.5 cm KwK 37 L / 24) of the projectile |0.685 kg (Pzgr. 39)| 0.368 kg (Pzgr. 40) |2.06 kg (Pzgr. 39)| 0.90 kg (Pzgr. 40) |2.06 kg (Pzgr. 39)| 0.90 kg (Pzgr. 40) |6.8 kg (Pzgr. 39)| 4.5 kg (shaped charge) in m / s |760 (Pzgr. 39)| 1030 (Pzgr. 40) |685 (Pzgr. 39)| 1050 (Pzgr. 40) |823 (Pzgr. 39)| 1180 (Pzgr. 40) |385 (Pzgr. 39)| |Penetration performance of the KwK in mm at a 30 ° angle of incidence| |100 meters; with Pzgr. 39| with Pzgr. 40: |500 meters; with Pzgr. 39| with Pzgr. 40: |1000 meters; with Pzgr. 39| with Pzgr. 40: |The Panzerranate 40 was a hard-core bullet made of tungsten carbide, which, due to the lack of tungsten, was only available in small quantities or often not at all and production of which had to be abandoned in the summer of 1943. Successful trials with uranium ammunition in the spring of 1944 did not result in mass production due to a lack of material.| Driver and radio station The driver sat in the front left, with the gearbox and the instrument panel mounted above it being to the right of him. The viewing slit available to him was protected by a bulletproof glass block and an outer flap. With the flap closed, the driver looked through a periscope equipped with corner mirrors, for which two holes were drilled in the front above the visor. He had another observation opening on the left side, which was also protected by a glass block and an external flap. The radio operator sat in the front right, moving the machine gun with a headrest, which was seated in a ball socket in the front of the tub. The radio system he operated consisted of two receivers installed to the left of him above the gearbox, and a transmitter installed under a plate in front of him. The two meter long antenna was attached to the rear right of the command post and could be pulled inwards. Only the commander, the driver and the radio operator were equipped with headphones and a larynx microphone and thus connected to the radio system. Since only the radio operator could operate the radio system alone, it was possible that the commander and the radio operator were connected to two different lines, for example the commander on the internal intercom and the radio operator on the radio circuit of the commanding level. In order to still be able to draw attention to each other, both had a red and a green light bulb in their field of vision, which they could switch using a predefined signal sequence. The commander communicated directly with the gunner and loader, and from the L version the commander and gunner could communicate with an ear tube if there were particularly loud interior noises. There was also an observation opening on the right-hand side of the radio station. The driver and radio operator had no separate access hatches and had to get in and out of the command post. Engine and power transmission The 300 hp Maybach 12-cylinder gasoline engine built in from version F was located in the rear of the tank. A fuel tank, a battery box and a water cooler were located to the left and right of the centrally installed engine. Behind the radiators were the fans, which in terms of size took up the entire width of the engine compartment and ensured sufficient cooling at temperatures of up to 30 °. The cooling air was sucked in through slits at the side and discharged to the rear from the stern. The power flow went from the engine by means of a cardan shaft to the main clutch and from there to the transmission. From version H onwards, the hydraulically operated oil pressure clutch that had been installed up to that point was replaced by a dry three-plate clutch. In the first three series models - E, F and G - a Maybach-Variorex preselector was used as the transmission, which contained ten forward gears and one reverse gear. In order to change gear, the driver only had to press the clutch pedal after selecting a gear using the gear lever to trigger the automatic shifting process. This advanced but complicated transmission, which is difficult to maintain in the field, has been replaced by a synchronized six-speed transmission from version H onwards. The bevel drive with the steering gear was flanged to the gearbox, with two steering levers acting on the inner shoe brakes with hydraulic support - from version J with mechanical steering linkage. Then the power flow went to the chain drive wheels via the side gears flanged on the outside of the tub. The tanks used in the Africa campaign were given special tropical equipment. In addition, the cooling capacity was increased by a modified cooling ratio and the air filter was supported by a felt bellows filter located under armor protection outside the engine compartment. Nevertheless, the piston performance was only 2000 to 3000 km. All Panzerkampfwagen III, which were newly manufactured or repaired at home, were equipped with a smoke candle throwing device from 1943 onwards. The front-mounted headlights were also removable. In the same year, the improved aviator gun 42 was used, which was attached to the commander's cupola by means of clamping screws and could accommodate both the MG 34 and the MG 42. A protective coating of Zimmerit, for which about 100 kg of Zimmerit were needed, should prevent the application of magnetic charges. These proceedings were discontinued in September 1944. From 1944, the tanks used on the Eastern Front received the so-called Eastern Chain, although this was only a makeshift solution, as the chain was only widened on one side. From 1943, 5 mm thick plates, so-called armored aprons, were attached to the sides of the vehicle and around the turret to protect against anti-tank rifles and shaped charge projectiles. - Execution E The start of series production was the 96 tanks of the "Version E" manufactured in 1939/40, with which there were significant changes. The more powerful Maybach HL 120 engine with a capacity of just under 12 liters, which delivered a maximum of 320 hp, was used. In addition, there was a modern Maybach Variorex preselector, which, although it relieved the driver, was less suitable for series production and maintenance in the field due to its complexity. The "version E" had the final running gear of the series, in which the six rollers were now suspended from a very modern torsion bar suspension. The roller cover for the chariot cannon was relocated to the outside from this version and only a coaxial machine gun was installed. Instead of the simple side entry flaps in the tower, two-part flaps have now been installed. Furthermore, there were now also lateral emergency exit flaps in the armored hull. - Execution F For the first time larger numbers could be achieved with the "Version F" published in 1940, 450 of which were built. Since the first combat experience showed that the 3.7 cm cannon sometimes proved to be too weak to penetrate, the installation of a 5 cm cannon, which Guderian had required from the start, was approved. This cannon was based on an order given by the Army Weapons Office at the beginning of 1938 to further develop the armament of the tank. It was a short 5 cm cannon (5 cm KwK 38) with 42 caliber lengths. Since the production of the weapon took longer than expected, only the last quarter of the vehicle series could be equipped with it. The Maybach HL 120 served as the drive unit, but was throttled to 300 HP maximum and 265 HP continuous output to increase the stability. It was a robust and durable engine that was also used in all subsequent versions. From this version onwards, the tank was equipped with an appropriate luggage box behind the turret as standard. - Execution G Only minor changes were made to the "Version G" produced in 1940 and 1941, of which 594 were produced. The commander's cupola received five side covers instead of sliders. About two thirds of this series could be equipped with the short 5 cm cannon. The G version was first used in the 1941 Balkan campaign. The German Africa Corps also had some versions F and G with them during the Africa campaign. - Execution H Also in 1940 and 1941, the 286 copies of the "Version H" were produced, this version was designed from the outset for arming with the short 5 cm cannon and was delivered that way. Based on an order from Adolf Hitler, the vehicle was to be reinforced with additional armor, although the disadvantages of increased weight were accepted. As a result, the part of the series delivered in 1941 received additional armor on the hull of a further 30 mm in addition to the front armor of 30 mm. For reasons of weight distribution, the rear received the same additional armor. The aim of this additional armor, to reduce the effectiveness of the English weapons, was achieved, because the reinforced armor could hardly be penetrated by the English guns at normal combat range. Due to the weight increase to 21.6 t - the chassis weighed 15.8 t - the torsion bars had to be reinforced and the chain width increased from 36 cm to 40 cm. At the same time, a modified chain drive wheel and a new spoke idler wheel were used. The complicated preselection gearbox was replaced by a normal six-speed synchronous gearbox, as was the hydraulic clutch with a dry three-plate clutch. - Execution J Of the "Version J" manufactured between March 1941 and May 1942, 1521 vehicles with the short 5 cm cannon were produced. The basic armor of both the turret front and the hull front was reinforced to 50 mm. The driver got a better visor and the bow MG was given an improved ball socket. The hydraulic transmission of the steering lever movements exerted by the driver to the steering brake, which had been practiced until then, was now carried out via a mechanical steering linkage. When it became apparent during the first combat missions on the Eastern Front that the penetration power of the short 5 cm cannon was only unsatisfactory and this weapon had no power reserves, the long 5 cm KwK 39 with its 60 caliber lengths in "Version J" vehicles installed. Many of the Panzer III relocated to the Reich for a general overhaul were also converted to the new cannon. This relatively powerful weapon would already have been available at the time of the conversion to the short 5 cm cannon from version F, but the Army Weapons Office decided not to install it for tactical reasons, as the barrel protruded significantly beyond the side profile of the tank and this resulted in restrictions feared mobility in overgrown and built-up areas. Since the cartridges for the long 5 cm cannon were larger, vehicles equipped with this could only carry 84 instead of 99 rounds of ammunition. In 1941 only 40 new vehicles with the long 5 cm cannon could be delivered. - Execution L The vehicles with the long 5 cm cannon initially produced as "Version J" from the end of December 1941 were renamed "Version L" in March / April 1942. 1470 vehicles were produced up to October 1942, including the "Version J" produced with a long cannon. The machine gun ammunition was almost doubled from 2000 rounds to 3750 rounds. The armor on the turret front was reinforced to 57 mm. For the purpose of further reinforcement, a 20 mm thick spacer armor was attached to the hull front and to the gun mantlet, so that the turret front was now almost 80 mm thick. The emergency exits attached to the side of the bathtub were partially omitted. In a few models, a 5 cm cannon with a conical barrel was installed on a trial basis. Due to the high wear on the barrel, this powerful weapon was not used any further. - Execution M The 517 copies of the “Version M” built between September 1942 and March 1943 differed only slightly from the previous model. To simplify production, the viewing slits on the side of the turret for gunner and loader as well as the side emergency exit hatches on the hull have been removed. These had lost their function anyway due to the attachment of side skirts. Thanks to additional equipment, this series was capable of fording to a depth of 1.30 m instead of the usual 0.8 m. - Execution N The 617 vehicles of the "Version N", which were produced from July to October 1942 and from February to August 1943, marked the end of series production. By mid-1942 at the latest, it was evident that the Panzer III had reached the end of its capabilities and was no longer able to cope with the enemy tanks; the Panzer IV thus gained in importance. Both models swapped roles. Intended as a support vehicle for fighting infantry and soft targets, the N version received the short 7.5 cm KwK 37, which were available in sufficient numbers after the conversion measures of the Panzer IV to the long 7.5 cm cannons. The long 7.5 cm cannon could not be installed in the Panzer III because of its size and its recoil.The short cannon developed only a slight armor-piercing effect, but if necessary you could fight enemy tanks with shaped charge projectiles. 64 rounds of ammunition were carried for the main weapon and 3450 rounds of ammunition for the two machine guns. Due to the initially low production numbers, the planned equipping of the three light companies of a tank division could not even come close to the outbreak of war. In the course of the increase in the number of tank divisions and their restructuring in 1940/41, the divisions now had only one tank regiment, which consisted of two divisions - some were three - of two light and one medium companies. For the light companies consisting of 22 tanks, 17 Panzer III and five Panzer II were planned. In 1942 a fourth company was created again, so that the Panzer III was intended for the three light companies with 17 vehicles each, as originally planned. A completely uniform structure and equipment did not succeed due to the course of the war. The Panzer III in version N was also part of the early division of a heavy tank division, but was later outsourced there due to its weak armor. Poland, Western Front and North Africa At the beginning of the Second World War there were 200 Panzer III in the Wehrmacht's inventory, 98 of which took part in the attack on Poland. The rest of the vehicles were with the reserve army or as supplies in the army equipment offices. Given this small number, the tank played almost no role in this campaign. The pre-production vehicles were taken out of service again after this campaign - with the exception of a few version D used in the Norwegian campaign - due to their weak combat strength. The low armor of these early versions was only suitable for protection against rifle projectiles and shrapnel. 26 vehicles were lost during the fighting. At the beginning of the western campaign, the Wehrmacht had 349 Panzerkampfwagen III at their disposal, which were models of the E and F versions. In addition, there were 39 tank command vehicles in the attack formations. In the course of the campaign, the first F version tanks were pushed in with the short 5 cm cannon. With around 2500 German tanks, the Panzer III only played a subordinate role here; In addition to the Czech captured tanks P 35 (t) and P 38 (t), the most important tanks by far were the light PzKpfw I and Pzkpfw II. The Western Allies had mobilized significantly more and in some cases better tanks. The French tanks Renault R-35, Hotchkiss H-39 and Somua S-35 with over 40 mm and the Char B1 with up to 60 mm armor were better protected than the Panzerkampfwagen III. The situation was similar with the British Matilda tanks, which were generally slow, had insufficient armament and were not represented in large numbers in France. The Char B1 can serve as an example of the superior armor, the front of which could not be penetrated by either the 3.7 cm cannon or the short 5 cm cannon even at 100 m. Only with the scarce tank shell 40 both weapons could fight the B1 from the front at 100 m. The German crews were forced to turn the enemy tanks in maneuvers, some of which were costly, and to put them out of action from the side or from behind. Otherwise, the Panzer III performed well, although it was not the quality and quantity of the German tanks, but modern tactics and superior leadership that decided the campaign. In France, 135 vehicles had to be written off as a total loss. During the African campaign, the Panzerkampfwagen III carried most of the brunt of the fighting. With the exception of the clumsy Matildas, it was initially superior to all British tanks. It turned out that the Allied guns, even with armor-piercing shells, were largely ineffective against the reinforced front armor of the Panzer III, whereas even the short 5 cm cannon inflicted heavy losses on the Allied tanks - with the exception of the Matildas. When later more powerful models such as the M3 Grant or M4 Sherman appeared in Africa, the Panzer III was pushed back on this scene and the Panzer IV became the backbone of the Africa Corps. In June 1941 the actual stock of the entire army was 1560 Panzer III, including 350 tanks with the 3.7 cm cannon, 1090 tanks with the short 5 cm cannon and 120 tank command vehicles. With 965 units used on the Eastern Front, the Panzer III was the most important German tank at the beginning of the war against the Soviet Union. In the course of the fighting it became apparent that the side armor in particular was vulnerable to the Soviet anti-tank rifles. In addition, the short 5 cm cannon and especially the 3.7 cm cannon could not penetrate the front armor of the - still relatively rare and tactically unfavorable - Soviet tank models KW-1 and T-34, so that the crews were forced were to curve out the enemy tanks in maneuvers with many losses and to put them out of action from the side or from behind. In contrast, the T-34 was able to deliver effective hits to the Panzer III from a distance of 1000 meters. The Russian T-34 was clearly superior to all German tanks in 1941. Only the long 5 cm cannon installed later in the J version was able to penetrate the front of a T-34 up to a combat range of less than 500 m. In April 1942 the total army stock was around 2000 Panzer III, including 130 models with the 3.7 cm cannon and 1900 models with the 5 cm cannon. In the run-up to the German summer offensive in 1942, the Army Groups in the east had around 600 Panzer III with the long 5 cm cannon, around 500 Panzer III with the short 5 cm cannon and around 75 Panzer Command Car III. With the increased appearance of the powerful Soviet tanks, the performance limit of the Panzer III was definitely reached. It was meanwhile inferior to most of the Allied tanks and was at the end of its upgradeability. With the N version, it had finally swapped its original anti-tank role for the support role of the Panzer IV. The total losses suffered on all fronts in the further course of the war can be quantified as follows, whereby by far the greatest number of vehicles were destroyed on the eastern front: - 1941: around 900 pieces - 1942: around 1400 pieces - 1943: around 2400 pieces - 1944: around 120 pieces Noticeably high losses occurred at the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, as around 1200 Panzer IIIs were reported as total losses in the first two months of 1943 alone. In the summer of 1944 the Panzer III was spun off from the tank units. The remaining copies were used for training or as reconnaissance and security vehicles. Panzer III in the Red Army As a result of the political and economic cooperation between the German Reich and the Soviet Union, two Panzerkampfwagen III were sold to the Soviet Union in 1940 to compensate for urgently needed raw materials. The vehicles were subjected to extensive investigations and a comparison test with one of the first T-34s. The Panzer III achieved a higher speed, had a lower noise level, a more spacious fighting compartment, better workmanship and was easier to maintain. The advantage of the T-34 was its bevelled armor and better armament. Fire tests with the Russian 45-mm standard anti-tank gun showed that the armor on the side of Panzerkampfwagen III could not be penetrated at 500 m. This later led to the development of an improved tank shell, which was available from 1942. In September 1940, the chief of the Red Army main armor, General Yakov Fedorenko, informed the chairman of the Defense Committee of the USSR Kliment Voroshilov that “after examining the last samples of foreign armored construction, the German medium tank“ Daimler-Benz T-3 ”as most successful foreign tank construction is considered and mass production can be assumed. " After the attack on the Soviet Union and the great Soviet losses, the Red Army put some captured Panzer III under the designation T-3 into their service. As of July 20, 1945, the Red Army still had 31 operational and 67 in need of repair Panzer III in its inventory. When, after the surrender of Stalingrad, the Red Army captured a large number of Panzer III and did not want to use them as combat vehicles due to their weak armor and armament, new assault guns were manufactured based on the captured chassis. For this purpose, a rigid, up to 60 mm thick dome with a 76 mm cannon was mounted on the old Panzer III landing gear. In this way, 201 assault guns were manufactured in Plant No. 37 in Moscow in 1943, which were given the designation SU-76i and took part in the battles against the Axis powers. The only known remaining original copy is today on a monument in the Ukrainian city of Sarny; a replica made of original parts stands in front of a military museum in Moscow. After the Panzerkampfwagen I and II, which were actually only intended as training vehicles, had proven to be too weak in combat and the Panzerkampfwagen IV, which was initially only produced in small numbers, was intended to serve as a support tank, the Panzerkampfwagen III became the most important weapon of the German armored forces in 1941 and 1942. The status of the Panzer III in the deliberations of the military leadership was shown by the utopian plans of the Heereswaffenamt in July 1941, when the Panzer III with 8,000 units made up the majority of this armored force for the intended 36 armored divisions with their 15,440 armored fighting vehicles. With the appearance of the powerful Soviet tanks in the course of the Russian campaign, however, the deficits of the weak armament became apparent. Although Hitler had given the Army Weapons Office the instruction in 1940 to use the already constructed 5 cm KwK 39 with its 60 caliber lengths when converting to the new cannon, only the predecessor model with 42 caliber lengths was installed. For Hitler, this arbitrariness meant a weakening of his demand for an increase in combat value and resulted in a serious dispute between Hitler and the HWA. In view of the surprising combat power of the new Russian tank models, Hitler now saw the Panzer III as an unsuccessful design, since in his eyes the weight and size of the vehicle was out of proportion to the insufficient armament. It is clear, however, that at the time of its commissioning, the Panzer III was an advanced combat vehicle that performed well on all fronts under the circumstances at the beginning of the war. The importance of this vehicle is further indicated by the fact that around 16,000 chassis were produced between 1936 and 1945. In retrospect, however, due to the significantly higher expansion potential of the Panzer IV, it would have been strategically better to produce only this one and to forego the similar Panzer III. The significant increase in production came at a time when the Panzer III was already falling behind the new Soviet and Western Allied tank models in terms of combat power and continued production was therefore questionable. However, since the army command needed all the tanks it could get hold of due to the high losses on the Eastern Front and the industry was interested in continued production due to the high financial profits resulting from the mass emissions and due to the still full order books, the Panzer III was discontinued. Manufacturing not considered for the time being. In March 1942 Hitler ordered that the soon-to-be-launched "Panther" tank program be increased to the detriment of the Panzer III, but in May the production figures for the Panzer III were increased again. The production of the tank, which was now considered obsolete, continued, and the vehicles were subjected to an elaborate upgrade in combat value without being able to compensate for the superiority of the enemy models. The best known use of the Panzer III chassis was the Sturmgeschütz III, of which 10,500 units were made, almost twice as many vehicles as the actual Panzer III. It was a turretless vehicle that was equipped with a - initially short - 7.5 cm cannon. The StuG III were very valuable for infantry support and later for anti-tank defense. They achieved significantly more enemy tank kills than the original Panzer III. Armored command vehicle In accordance with the German Blitzkrieg theory of leading an independently operating tank unit "from the front", tank command vehicles received great attention from the start. The first model, the "Panzerbefehlwagen III, version D1" built in 1938/39 in 30 copies, was based on the small series type D. The non-rotating turret was firmly bolted to the armored case, while the cannon was designed as a dummy. Only the radio operator MG was available as a close-range defense weapon. The vehicles intended for the commanders of the tank units with their five-man crew had extended radio equipment, consisting of two radios, two rod antennas (1.4 and 2 m long), a crank mast (9 m with star antenna) and a large frame antenna above the Engine compartment existed. All tank command vehicles were equipped with a course gyro. The 45 "PzBefWg III version E" manufactured in 1939/40 and the 175 "PzBefWg III version H" manufactured in 1940/41 were based on the chassis of the respective basic models and hardly differed from the first version of the tank command vehicle. Since the tank command vehicles, as a result of the German war doctrine, were often involved in combat behind enemy lines, the troops demanded a fully armed command vehicle. Based on the Panzerkampfwagen III Ausf. J, Daimler-Benz manufactured the "Panzerbefehlwagen III Ausf. J" in 1942. With the removal of the bow machine gun and part of the normal stock of ammunition, space was created for additional radio equipment. The loader acted as the second radio operator, although space was limited in the tower due to the additional radio equipment. With the same modifications, in 1942/43 Daimler-Benz manufactured Panzerkampfwagen III Ausf. M as "Panzerbefehlwagen III Ausf. K". Of the J version with the 5 cm KwK L / 42, 81 pieces and of the K version with the 5 cm KwK L / 60 were made 50 pieces, with 104 additional conversions being made to the first version, those with troop funds emerged from normal battle tanks. The vehicles with the short 5 cm cannon could take 75 rounds and those with the long cannon 65 rounds of ammunition. The rigid loop antenna was replaced by a less noticeable star antenna. The price for this 23-ton vehicle without weapons was 110,000 Reichsmarks. Tank observation vehicle In order to ensure that the observers of the tank artillery could follow the tank units into battle, the "Panzerbeobachtungswagen III (Sd.Kfz. 143)" was created, of which Alkett manufactured a total of 262 units in 1941 and 1942. The Panzerbeobachtungswagen III had a crew of five, which consisted of a tank observer, auxiliary observer, driver and two radio operators. The only armament of the vehicle was a MG 34 in a spherical screen in the rotating turret; a metal pipe as a dummy simulated the cannon armament. In addition to a periscope to be operated by the auxiliary observer, the vehicle had extensive radio equipment consisting of a FuG 8 (30-watt medium wave device), a FuG 4 (medium wave receiver), a normal radio communication device, a backpack radio and an on-board intercom. The transmission of the fire commands to the self-propelled howitzers such as the Waspe or Hummel took place via the radio communication device, the range of which was up to five kilometers under favorable conditions. Loudspeakers were installed in the self-propelled howitzers so that the gun operators could hear the radio messages from the tank observation vehicle without headphones.The Panzerbeobachtungswagen III, which until then had been used as a temporary solution, the Sd.Kfz. 253 - a variant of the Sd.Kfz. 250 - replaced, fully proved itself. For the invasion of England, three special volunteer units were set up in Putlos after the French campaign. In these departments, 168 tanks of the types F, G and H were made submersible by special precautions. For this purpose, all openings were sealed with masking tape or cable tar and the air inlet openings in the engine compartment were completely closed. An inflatable rubber hose was inserted between the tower and the tub. A rubber cover was placed over the roller cover, the commander's cupola and the radio operator's machine gun, which could be blown off after surfacing with the help of integrated fuses. The air was supplied through an 18 m long hose, at the end of which was a buoy with a radio antenna. The exhaust pipes had pressure relief valves and the fan gear had to be disengaged. The maximum immersion depth was 15 m, with penetrating seepage water being removed by means of a bilge pump. If the measures were already prepared, the process, in which all five crew members were involved, took around 45 minutes. The entire crew should be equipped with diving rescuers. The use of the diving tanks equipped with course gyroscopes was planned as follows: barges were supposed to bring the tanks close to the English coast until the corresponding water depth was reached. Then the tanks were supposed to slide into the sea over a ramp lengthened with rails. The navigation should be done by radio from a command boat. Due to the buoyancy, the vehicles were very easy to steer. After the Seelöwe company was canceled, these vehicles were used to cross the Bug on the first day of the Russian campaign. Despite initial skepticism, all 80 tanks used reached the opposite bank. In 1942 100 tanks of the M version without weapons were delivered by the MIAG company to the Wegmann wagon factory in Kassel, where they were converted to the Flammpanzer III. The designation of the vehicles is officially "Panzerkampfwagen III (Fl) (Sd.Kfz. 141/3)". Instead of the cannon, a 1.5 m long flame jet pipe with a 14 mm nozzle was used, which could be swiveled 10 ° upwards and 20 ° downwards. The two machine guns were retained. The flame oil was pumped to the flame tube by a pump driven by a DKW two-stroke engine and ignited by high voltage. The oil supply of 1023 liters was carried in tanks, which were located on both sides of the interior. As protection, the 50 mm thick vehicle front was reinforced with 30 mm and the turret front with 20 mm thick armor plates; the side armor remained the same. Up to 80 bursts of fire with a range of up to 60 m could be fired for two to three seconds each. The crew of the 23-ton vehicle, which was equipped with two radios, consisted of three men. The use of the flame tank took place for the first time in 1943 in special departments, which had a target inventory of two Panzer Command Cars III, twelve Panzer II, two Panzer III version N and ten Flammpanzer III. Armored recovery vehicles In the years 1939 to 1943 a total of 271 Bergepanzer III were produced, which arose from battle tanks in need of repair and returned for repair. Instead of the revolving tower, the armored recovery vehicle, which was considered a temporary measure, was given a wooden box structure in which recovery and repair material could be stored. In addition, a ground anchor and a 1 t auxiliary crane were installed. The tractor III, which was only manufactured in small numbers and used for replenishment tasks, was the result of a conversion campaign. After the tower had been removed, a wooden loading platform was placed on the chassis. The Pionierpanzer III, which was also only available in small numbers, was handled in a similar way. In the same way, the rare ammunition tractor III was created, in which the turret was removed, storage space for ammunition was created in the interior and the open turntable was closed with a hatch. A mine clearance tank, which had considerable ground clearance due to an extension of the swing arms, and a railroad vehicle for fighting partisans did not get beyond the prototype stage. Efforts to make the heavy infantry gun 33 mobile on the chassis of the Panzer III led to the twelve pre-production models of the officially designated "Sturm-Infanteriegeschütz 33" manufactured by Alkett in 1941, which had an armored structure 80 mm thick at the front and 50 mm at the side a Panzer III hull and weighed 21 t with a crew of five and 30 rounds of ammunition. Series production, which was planned for spring 1942, did not take place because the task of the vehicle was performed by the Sturmpanzer IV and the Sturmpanzer 38 (t). Some vehicles of the 0 series were nevertheless used on the Eastern Front in the summer of 1943 with the 23rd Panzer Division. In order to make the Panzer III loadable for road transport, the "low loader trailer 22 t (Sd.Anh. 116)" was built. This trailer, which was manufactured up to 1943 and had a dead weight of 13.8 t and cost 28,000 RM, was in the army in April 1942 with 141 pieces. Successor to VK 2001 In May 1938, Daimler-Benz received the order to develop a successor to the Panzer III. The tank called “VK 2001 (DB)” was sold at Daimler-Benz under the internal name “ZW 40”. As always, the Heereswaffenamt suggested a gasoline engine from Maybach for the planned motorization with a 400 hp engine, while Daimler-Benz decided to redevelop its own diesel engine. The construction work on the "MB 809" engine was completed in June 1940; the test runs took place in the spring of 1941. It was a 12-cylinder diesel engine with a displacement of 25.5 liters and an output of 400 hp. In March 1941, this engine was installed in the VK 2001 prototype at the Berlin-Marienfelde plant. With a combat weight of 22 t, the vehicle reached a top speed of 50 km / h. The power flow of the engine went through an eight-speed preselector and a superimposed steering gear to the front drive wheels. The second prototype still had a conventional clutch steering gear. The seven-roller drive was suspended from leaf springs. There are no documents about the planned armament. When the more powerful Russian tanks appeared shortly after the start of the Russian campaign, the project was discontinued. Panzerkampfwagen III / IV Since the Panzer III and Panzer IV had strong similarities in terms of construction, in September 1941 considerations arose to create a completely uniform vehicle based on the two tanks. The Panzer III n.A. (new type) and Panzer IV n.A. The armored vehicles mentioned above should only differ in their main armament. Due to the identical construction, large savings in production, replenishment, training and maintenance were expected. The vehicles should be equipped with an all-round armor of 50 mm. The most noticeable change was the use of a box drive with large running wheels. A hydraulic tower swivel device was also provided. Some prototypes with box drive and turret of the Panzer III with a short 5 cm cannon were built. Due to the experiences made on the Eastern Front, the "Panzerkampfwagen III / IV" project was discontinued because the vehicles were not designed for the new requirements for higher armor protection and stronger armament. |Technical data of the versions of the Panzerkampfwagen III| |Versions A – D||Exec. E||Execution F, G||Ausf. H||Vers. J, L, M||Execution N| |0 General characteristics| |Weight||16 t (version A: 15 t)||19.5 t||20.3 t||21.6 t||22.3 t||23 t| |length||5.69 m||5.41 m||5.41 m||5.52 m||6.41 m||5.52 m| |width||2.81 m||2.91 m||2.92 m||2.95 m||=||=| |height||2.54 m||2.44 m||2.44 m||2.50 m||2.51 m||2.51 m| |Main armament||3.7 cm KwK 36||5 cm KwK 38[T 1]||5 cm KwK 39[T 2]||7.5 cm KwK 37| |Secondary armament||3 × MG 34||=||2 × MG 34||=||=||=| |Ammunition supply||KwK: 121| |=||KwK: 84 (J = 99)| |Caliber length (KwK)||45||=||42||=||60||24| |Pipe length (KwK)||1717 mm||=||2100 mm||=||3000 mm||1766 mm| |Combat distance||1000 m||=||1200 m||=||1300 m||650 m| |Weight (KwK)||195 kg||=||223 kg||=||255 kg||490 kg| |Tube life||4000 shots||=||?||?||8000 rounds||13,000 rounds| |Price (KwK)||4800 RM||=||?||?||5600 RM||8000 RM| |Tub front||15 mm / 70-80 °||30 mm / 70-80 °||=||30 + 30 mm||50 mm / 70-80 °| (L / M: 50 + 20 mm) |50 + 20 mm| |Tub side||15 mm / 90 °||30 mm / 90 °||=||=||=||=| |Tub rear||15 mm / 80 °||30 mm / 80 °||=||30 + 30 mm||50 mm / 80 °||=| |Tub ceiling||18 mm||=||=||=||=||=| |Tub bottom||15 mm||30 mm||=||=||=||=| |Tower front||15 mm / 75 °||30 mm / 75 °||=||=||50 mm / 75 °[T 3]| (L / M: 57 + 20 mm) |57 + 20 mm| |Tower side||15 mm / 65 °||30 mm / 65 °||=||=||=||=| |Turret stern||15 mm / 78 °||30 mm / 78 °||=||=||=||=| |Tower ceiling||10 mm||=||=||=||=||=| |Otto engine: water-cooled twelve-cylinder V-engine| HL 108 TR[T 4] HL 120 TR[T 5] HL 120 TRM[T 6] |Bore x stroke||100 mm × 115 mm||105 mm × 115 mm||=||=||=||=| |Displacement||10.8 l||11.9 l||=||=||=| |Power (maximum)||250 PS (184 kW)| at 2600 rpm |300 PS (220 kW)| at 3000 rpm |Aisles (F / R)||5 / 1||10 / 1||6 / 1||=||=||=| |Weight related performance||15.3 hp / t||15.4 hp / t||14.8 hp / t||13.9 hp / t||13.5 hp / t||13 hp / t| |Top speed||32 km / h||40 km / h||=||=||=||=| |Fuel supply||300 l||320 l||=||=||=||=| |Range||150 km (road)| |170 km (road)| |Chain width||36 cm||=||=||40 cm||=||=| - Notes on the "Technical data" table - ↑ With the "Version F" only the last 100 pieces received the 5 cm cannon. - ↑ The "Version J" still had the short 5 cm KwK 38. - ↑ The armouring of the bezel was 50 mm. - ↑ High-performance motor with dry sump lubrication - ↑ High-performance motor with dry sump lubrication - ↑ as above, but with magneto ignition - Wolfgang Fleischer: Panzerkampfwagen III. The tank of the Blitzkrieg. (= The weapon arsenal. Volume 187), Podzun-Pallas, Wölfersheim-Berstadt 2001, ISBN 3-7909-0732-4. - George Forty: The German tank weapon in World War II. Bechtermünz, Augsburg 1998, ISBN 3-8289-5327-1. - Horst Scheibert: Main battle tank III. (= The weapon arsenal. Volume 122), Podzun-Pallas, Friedberg / H. (Dorheim) 1990, ISBN 3-7909-0393-0. - Ferdinand Maria von Senger and Etterlin: The German tanks 1926–1945. Bernard & Graefe, Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-7637-5988-3. - Walter J. Spielberger: The Panzerkampfwagen III and its variants. Volume 3, 1st edition, Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 1974, ISBN 3-87943-336-4. - Walter J. Spielberger, Friedrich Wiener: The German Panzerkampfwagen III and IV with their variants 1935–1945. J. F. Lehmann, Munich 1968. - Alexander Lüdeke: Wehrmacht tanks 1933-1945. 3rd edition, Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-613-02953-8. - ↑ abcdefGHW. Spielberger, F. Wiener: The German Panzerkampfwagen III and IV with their variants 1935–1945. JF Lehmann, Munich 1968, p. 11 (a), p. 17 (b), p. 19 and 14 (c), p. 26 (d), p. 28 (e), p. 158 (f) , Pp. 29 and 39 f. (G), p. 40 ff. (H). - ↑ abcdefFerdinand Maria von Senger and Etterlin: The German tanks 1926–1945. Bonn 1998, ISBN 3-7637-5988-3, p. 40 (a), p. 45 (b), p. 44 (c), p. 48 (d), p. 42 (e), p. 45 (f). - ↑ abThomas L. Jentz, Hillary L. Doyle: Panzer Tracts 3-1 - Panzerkampfwagen Ausf. A, B, C and D. 2006, ISBN 0-9771643-4-9. - ↑ abcdefG. Forty: The German tank weapon in World War II. Augsburg 1998, p. 62 (a, b and c), p. 67 (d), p. 71 (e), p. 66 (f). - ↑ There was no such production anywhere in German armored car production - apart from the Nibelungenwerk and some suppliers - → Hartmut Knittel: Tank production in World War II. Mittler, Herford / Bonn 1988, ISBN 3-8132-0291-7, p. 130 (manual production: p. 49). - ↑ H. Knittel: Tank production in World War II. Herford / Bonn 1988, p. 38 (MAN), p. 41 (MIAG). - ↑ H. Knittel: Tank production in World War II. Herford / Bonn 1988, pp. 22-27. - ↑ H. Knittel: Tank production in World War II. Herford / Bonn 1988, p. 130 | However, this was mostly a theoretical value that, even in an ideal business situation, was rarely achieved and often could have been twice as high or even higher → p. 90. - ↑ Price of a version M: 96,183 RM → F.M. from Senger and Etterlin: The German tanks 1926–1945. Bonn 1998, p. 45 | Raw material requirements: p. 60. - ↑ Thomas L.Jentz, Hillary Louis Doyle: Panzer Tracts No.23 - Panzer Production from 1933 to 1945. - ↑ Description → G. Forty: The German tank weapon in World War II. Augsburg 1998, p. 67. - ↑ W. Butcher: Panzerkampfwagen III. The tank of the Blitzkrieg. In: Weapons arsenal. Volume 187 and F. M. von Senger and Etterlin: The German tanks 1926–1945. Bonn 1998. - ^ MGFA, Bernhard R. Kroener: The German Reich and the Second World War. Volume 5/2, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt Munich 1999, ISBN 3-421-06499-7, p. 646. - ↑ Thomas L. Jentz, Hillary L. Doyle: Panzer Tracts 3-2: Panzerkampfwagen III Ausf. E, F, G and H. - ↑ abcWolfgang Fleischer: Panzerkampfwagen III. The tank of the Blitzkrieg. In: Weapons arsenal. Volume 187, p. 7 (a and b), p. 30 (c). - ↑ W. Spielberger, F. Wiener: The German Panzerkampfwagen III and IV with their variants 1935–1945. Munich 1968, p.25 (in 1942 there were 1900 pieces including the following versions). - ↑ Thomas L. Jentz, Hillary L. Doyle: Panzer Tracts 3-3: Panzerkampfwagen III Ausf. J, L, M and N. - What are the best cheap Swedish dishes - What were Darwin's philosophical views - What are the signs of abandonment trauma - What is an Integrated Marketing Strategy - How do I get through nursing school - What lessons did your family teach you - How would you make a perfect society - Meowing can make your mouth bigger - Why do so many people become consultants? - What are the most creative photos - CBSE schools in Whitefield - Eat giant water bugs on snakes - How should R Systems work - How did Donbass become part of Ukraine - What is the Swagbucks Virus - How popular is Chinese food in Mexico - Which Asian countries are the most privileged - Why should I never visit Norway - What is the heaviest tractor - How does sturgeon meat taste - How can I form a set of questions - How do I make my skin light - Why are the Chinese so shy - Which job pays more than CA.

weapons_science

https://www.katanaplus.com/en/page/catalogue/1/fiche/464/daguecommandofulltangaffutee

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Sharpened Full Tang Combat Dagger Full Tang Combat Dagger: for penetration and throwing! Desiring an affordable price for a solid entry-level weapon, we settled on this dagger among hundreds of models. Its hardwood handle encircling the tang of the full-length blade with a pommel tip serving as a glass breaker. This window breaker tip is pierced with a very useful fixing hole. In order to improve the precision of the gesture, the solid brass blade guard allows the thumb to ensure extra stability and precision at the moment of the blow. Comes with a brown leather sheath with leather strap to wear on the belt. Total length: 11" 1/2 Blade: 7" Sharpened for penetration. Handle: 4" Glass Breaker Tip: 1/2" Weight: 7.5 ounces / 214 grams Blade steel: Stainless steel Handle: hardwood. Guard: Polished brass. to this item when it will be added to cart.

weapons_science

https://frontlinearsenal.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=452

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Midwest Industries AK 30mm Scope Side Mount - Designed to work with popular 1-5x low power combat scopes - Attaches to AK rifles with built-in receiver interface - Accepts most full size 30mm scopes, fits 1” tubes if optional reduction rings purchased - Hardcoat anodized 6061 aluminum & melonite coated steel construction - Patented ADM Auto Lock System for no tool adjustment and repeat zero locking - Weight 9.0 oz. - 100% made in the USA with lifetime warranty Write a reviewYour Name: Your Review: Note: HTML is not translated! Rating: Bad Good Enter the code in the box below:

weapons_science

https://tilln.com/season-4/castle-bravo/

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When it comes to Nuclear bombs there’s large and then there’s Castle Bravo. On March 1st, 1954 the United States detonated the largest Thermonuclear weapon in the world birthing a blast that wouldn’t be topped for nearly 10 years. To this day, it holds the spot as the largest explosion ever caused by the United States and sits as the fifth largest man-made detonation of all time. This is the story of how the Castle Bravo bomb stunned researchers and brought about an international call to ban such thermonuclear testing. The First Lithium Deuteride Fueled Nuke for the U.S. The United States knew Castle Bravo would be a groundbreaking weapon. The bomb was the first of its kind in the United States Arsenal as a Lithium deuteride fueled Thermonuclear Bomb. Bravo was developed at the infamous Los Alamos Research Lab (you’ll remember them from our episode The Demon Core). Its unique fuel was solid at room temperature. A one-of-a-kind cooling system liquefied the Lithium deuteride at the time of detonation. This allowed the weapon to be more effective and lightweight. However, this fuel choice would lead to a detonation beyond anyone’s expectations. Researchers planned to test the bomb on an artificial island built at Bikini Atoll, the long-running U.S. nuclear test site. A single second after detonation Castle Bravo formed a fireball 4 and a half miles in diameter. At its peak, the mushroom cloud reached a height of 130,000 feet and a diameter of 62 miles. To put the massive scale of this explosion in perspective, the cloud stretched nearly 10 miles outside of the Ozone layer and within 10 miles of exiting the stratosphere. Manhattan could stretch across the diameter of the blast 5 times over. When the dust cleared a crater 250 feet deep and 6,500 feet wide was left in the earth. Contaminants from the event would span over 7,000 square miles. Within seconds of the blast researchers observing the controlled detonation immediately knew that something was wrong. Scientists knew this bomb was big, but no early estimates came anywhere near the size of the blast that they had just witnessed. People tell rumors today that the rays from the bomb allowed the researchers to see the bones in the others observing the event. So, what went wrong? It Needs to Be At Least Three Times as Big Designers of the thermonuclear bomb expected a yield of 5 megatons from the blast. Castle Bravo bore a yield of 15 megatons, 3 times the expected blast size. This wasn’t a mathematic error, it was an underestimate of the reaction of the lithium-7 making up the lithium deuteride fuel. Scientists assumed that the lithium-7 would dissolve through the process of fission. However, rather than dissolve the element created an extra neutron. Making up nearly 60% of the fuel the reaction from the lithium-7 lead to an additional 10 Mt of explosive force. Under the originally expected conditions, the fallout of this nuclear test would have been wide-ranging. The United States selected the location of the test to be far enough from any human settlement to avoid any harmful effects of radioactive fallout. The exponential increase in blast size coupled with an unexpected wind shift on the day of the detonation triggered a dangerous situation that spanned from the Marshall Islands to Japan. In the years after the test, thousands of island people groups suffered serious health conditions as a direct result of fallout from Castle Bravo. Los Alamos conducted Operation Castle in secret but the effects of the test gained international attention quickly. Countries around the world called to ban atmospheric thermonuclear testing. The calls after the blast did not cease nuclear testing. Tests would continue for 40 years, even after the Tsar Bomba was detonated by Russia and unleashed nearly 5 times the energy of Castle Bravo sending a shockwave that circled the planet three times. Castle Bravo was a mistake. A mistake that created a bomb significantly more powerful than anyone expected. People across the pacific suffered serious health consequences from the Castle Bravo detonation. Also, the blast destroyed miles of underwater wildlife habitat including much of the coral reefs at Bikini Atoll. Thankfully, the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty has banned the above-ground testing of such weapons. Hopefully, a detonation like this will never again transpire.

weapons_science

https://www.inl.gov/research-program/nuclear-nonproliferation/

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INL operates unique assets to support a broad range of technology development, specialized technology testing and evaluation, and one-of-a-kind radiological trainings. INL provides technical resources, special nuclear materials, and several dedicated outdoor training ranges with access to short-lived radioactive materials that can be employed in support of support civilian and military programs. INL has recruited top nonproliferation experts with real-world experience and backgrounds in nuclear facility inspection, modeling and simulation, material science, physics and engineering. These employees hold dozens of patents, have won numerous awards, and lead global nonproliferation programs. INL’s Nuclear & Radiological Activity Center provides access and support to nuclear nonproliferation programs. • Zero Power Physics Research facility is employed as a safeguarded nuclear facility with an internationally recognized research staff working to solve global nonproliferation challenges • The Hot Fuel Examination Facility (HFEF) is a versatile modern hot-cell facility that is operated and maintained in support of post-irradiation examinations, spent fuel treatment, and characterization of contact-handled transuranic waste • Fuel Conditioning Facility (FCF) supports Pyroprocessing, or pyrometallurgical treatment of spent nuclear fuel, is the principal alternative to aqueous reprocessing technology • The Fuel Manufacturing Facility (FMF) is a multiuse R&D facility developing new fuel types that incorporate proliferation-resistant characteristics and use new materials and alloys • Advanced Test Reactor Complex is the focal point for irradiation testing of nuclear fuels and materials technologies • Stand-off Experiment Range facilitates high-energy particle accelerator demonstrations Nuclear & Radiological Activity Center (NRAC) The Nuclear & Radiological Activity Center (NRAC) is where nuclear research, technology evaluation and training capabilities come together to provide access and support to nuclear nonproliferation programs. NRAC programs provide access to special nuclear materials, unique infrastructure, capabilities and nuclear expertise. Radiological training for first responders For civilian and military first responders who prepare to deal with radiological dispersion devices and other weapons of mass destruction, special training is offered only in a few locations. One of those places is INL. The lab employs world-renowned nuclear scientists, engineers, and nonproliferation experts who lead immersive, hands-on responder training. International Nuclear Safeguards and Security Nonproliferation and security experts play an important role in developing technology, policy, and systems for safeguarding and securing nuclear materials and facilities. As a leader in the nuclear field historically, INL engineers have created detection technology and safeguards and security recommendations for worldwide application. Now, INL is working toward a future where nuclear facilities will be designed to be more efficient and effective at safeguards and protection. Non-destructively Discerning munitions content U.S. soldiers rely on an INL technology to examine suspected chemical munitions and containers. The Portable Isotopic Neutron Spectroscopy (PINS) system is a neutron-based assessment device that can safely sense the chemicals inside thick steel containers and quickly determine if the contents are hazardous. Securing the Nuclear Fuel Cycle INL provides instructional and hands-on nuclear material protection, control and accountability and emergency management training to personnel responsible for security at commercial nuclear reactors, research reactors and facilities world-wide. Cellphone-Based Radiation Warning System INL has developed an early warning system for the threat of radioactive contamination being intentionally dispersed by terrorists. CellRAD is a wireless, advanced nuclear radiation detection software that runs on a cellphone.

weapons_science

https://visitbookmarks.com/2023/05/25/us-dedicated-to-stopping-iran-from-buying-nuclear-weapon-state-dept-says/

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BAKU, Azerbaijan, Might 26. The US is dedicated to stopping Iran from buying a nuclear weapon, Matthew Miller, Spokesperson for the US Division of State, stated at a briefing, He made the comment whereas commenting upon the truth that, on Might 25, Iran has performed a take a look at for a ballistic missile with the potential of two,000-kilometer vary. “Iran’s improvement and proliferation of ballistic missiles poses a severe menace to regional and worldwide safety and stays a big nonproliferation problem. We proceed to use quite a lot of nonproliferation instruments, together with sanctions, to counter the additional development of Iran’s ballistic missile program and its means to proliferate missiles and associated expertise to others,” he stated. Miller added that, in defiance of UN Safety Council Decision 2231, which imposes restrictions on Iran’s missile-related actions, the Islamic Republic persists in pursuing numerous missile applied sciences from international suppliers and conducting ballistic missile checks. “And as we’ve stated earlier than, an Iran with a nuclear weapon would possible act much more provocatively, and that’s why we’re so dedicated to stopping Iran from buying a nuclear weapon,” the

weapons_science

http://ardustcovers.com/titanium-ultralight-ar15-firing-pin-kit/

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Includes: firing pin retaining pin, cam pin . firing pin. rPFits AR15rP.223, 300blk, 7.62x69 - Made to the highest degree of Mil-Spec tolerances - Bolt cam pin and retaining pin constructed from heat-treated ordnance steel - Firing pin is made out of Grade 5 TitaniumrP - Heat-treated and hardened for the best reliability and durability - Fits in all 5.56 type Bolt Carrier Groups Titanium Firing Pin for 223/556.Made from grade 5 Titanium these are nearly 40% lighter than steel firing pins. Titanium firing pins travel faster in the bolt. This delivers a faster lock time enhancing accuracy. Titanium pins also carry less momentum than steel pins, reducing the chance of a slam-fire. Resistant to corrosion and high temperatures, titanium pins help eliminate galling, fretting, and seizing.

weapons_science

https://subsaga.com/bbc/documentaries/history/sword-musket-and-machine-gun-britains-armed-history/1-cut-and-thrust.html

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Sam Willis traces the history of the weapons that have shaped Britain. He gets a lesson in swordsmanship and finds out what the Bayeux Tapestry reveals about combat. Browse content similar to Cut & Thrust. Check below for episodes and series from the same categories and more! This is the Vickers machine gun, arguably one of the most efficient and effective machines ever invented. It was once subjected to an extraordinary test. A team of gunners fired more than five million rounds out of a single Vickers gun over the course of a week. Soldiers worked in pairs to keep up the rate of fire, with a third man shovelling up the piles of spent brass. At the end of the test, despite the huge toll on this machine gun, it was inspected and found to be fit for service in every respect. Quite simply, the Vickers is a marvel of 20th-century engineering. It's up there with the aeroplane and the computer, and yet it has just one purpose - to maim and to kill. From the moment our earliest ancestors began to wield primitive tools against one another, we've devoted huge ingenuity to developing ever-more-powerful weapons. To settle scores... ..enforce our laws... and wage war against our enemies. In this series, I'm going to trace the evolution of weapons in Britain over the past 1,000 years, from the Anglo-Saxons to the First World War. I'll learn just how this game-changing technology worked - the design secrets of our most important weapons. Look at that! It's absolutely hammered through that, hasn't it? But the journey from the sword to the machine gun is not as straightforward as you might think. What was the range of this? 50 yards, if you were lucky. -There wasn't any. And our weapons reveal much about our politics and society. As English people, we take in a hatred of crossbowmen. We take it in with our mothers' milk. They've decided the fate of nations and rulers. I think everybody who was in any position of power was fearful of assassination at the beginning of the 20th century. But they've also driven advances in science, technology and even medicine. It's impossible to ignore the bloody toll of weapons - the countless millions sent to their graves - but weapons also shaped our identity and defined our history. It's a cold evening in October 1916, on the front line at the Somme, and a young private is preparing to go out on a trench raid. These small-scale surprise attacks were a major feature of trench warfare during the First World War. They usually took place at night, with small groups venturing out into No Man's Land with the object of seizing papers and plans, knocking out a machine gun or even capturing German prisoners. But for these raids, which would involve fighting at close quarters, the soldiers wouldn't arm themselves with the standard-issue Lee Enfield rifle because, with or without a bayonet, they were simply too cumbersome for these narrow trenches. Instead, they would arm themselves with primitive, crude weapons known as trench clubs, weapons that seemed to have been recalled from our ancient history, as if by instinct. We know from testimonies of the Great War that these trench clubs saw action. One account, by a Private Harold Startin of the First Leicestershire Regiment, states that the first victim of his trench club was a sergeant in a Wurttemberg regiment. These are actual trench clubs made by regimental armourers behind the front lines. This is a trench mace. The head slides on and then is held in position by the action of wielding it. This is a wooden truncheon, embedded with studs from hobnail boots. And some trench clubs perhaps reflect the immediacy of war more than others, like this, a French fougue mace. This has been made by a desperate soldier in some haste. It's simply a hollowed-out grenade jammed onto the end of a spade handle. What these rudimentary combat tools emphasise is that, even in the midst of the most mechanised war of its day, men still relied on weaponry that was anything but modern. They are a stark reminder of how brutal, primal and personal hand-to-hand combat has always been. And if you think these trench clubs are anachronistic, take a look at this. This is a German flail, used in the latter stages of the First World War. It's particularly gruesome. The iron ball is incredibly heavy. Just one blow from this would have caused horrific injuries. It's a weapon that seems to have traversed history itself, as if it was lost or discarded on a medieval battlefield, only to be picked up again and brandished centuries later. But however crude this weaponry may seem to us today, its improvised design and effectiveness in close combat harked back to a remarkable period in the history of our weaponry, a period I'm now going to explore, when clubs, maces and flails were just three components of a medieval arms race. It was an age, quite literally, of cutting-edge technology. By the ninth century, weapons were not only helping us to defend ourselves, but also they were starting to actually define who we were. Our early tribes took their names from their chief weapons - the Angles from "angel", meaning a barb or a hook, and the Saxons from "seax", their trusty knife. In 878AD, the future of Anglo-Saxon England lay in the balance. Three of its four kingdoms - East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria - had fallen to a large-scale Viking invasion. Only Wessex remained. But its ruler, King Alfred, had been routed from his winter fortress and had taken refuge in the Somerset marshlands. By Easter 878, Alfred's call to war had been answered by some 5,000 men from the fyrd, a militia drawn from commoners across Wessex, and he advanced to Ethandun in Wiltshire to face his enemy. The Vikings had overrun England with a fearsome arsenal. Once drawn to battle, they would first engage with volleys of these light spears and their sagas record instances of people throwing two at once. Then, to further distract the enemy, they'd hurl these things, franciscas, their throwing axes, before finally charging in, brandishing the most feared weapon of all - the great Dane axe. And what did the Anglo-Saxons have in response? Well, they had their seax, of course, but what they relied upon most in the face of a Danish attack was this - a shield. But their shield was not merely simple defensive armour. At its centre was a large metal boss, sometimes with a spike protruding, enabling the shield to be used as a weapon in its own right. And it was fashioned from two layers of linden wood, which made it light to carry and less inclined to split from the strike of a Viking axe. The battle at Ethandun was to last throughout the course of a day, with Alfred's select warriors - his thanes - withstanding repeated Viking surges, according to one contemporary scribe, "By forming a dense shield wall against the whole army of the pagans "and striving long and bravely". You could say that the future of England depended on the strength of their shield wall, because, once breached, defeat would have been inevitable. Everything depended on cohesion, endurance, stamina, discipline... ..and a sounding horn guided each shield wall above the din of battle. DEEP HORN BLAST It would have been terrifying, trapped here, caught between these opposing forces, jabbing at unprotected faces and legs, seeking out necks and eyes. The unbroken formation and huge momentum generated behind Alfred's shield wall rendered it into an overwhelming mass force, which drove the Vikings into retreat and ultimately surrender. Backed up with the cut and thrust of sharp blades, the shield wall demonstrated how defensive armour used en masse could be turned into an attacking weapon. Alfred may have repelled his pagan enemies and secured the future for his Anglecynn or English identity, but, soon, the steadfast Anglo-Saxon shield wall would be broken to pieces by man and beast combined. A new, unstoppable weapon - the mounted knight. The Anglo-Saxons had never fully developed the art of fighting on horseback, unlike the Normans, who, in 1066, under their leader William, Duke of Normandy, sought to pierce the Anglo-Saxon shield wall and challenge the English crown. For me, the great tapestry at Bayeux in Normandy, famous for its compelling depiction of the run-up to the Battle of Hastings, more than anything, serves as a roll of honour for these mounted warriors. The tapestry shows the very fabric of William's invasion force. Here, you've got trees being felled to build the hundreds of ships he'd need to cross the Channel. Then coats of mail being carried on poles, bundles of swords being carried on people's shoulders and carriages laden with helmets and spears. And as well as this enormous arsenal being assembled, the Normans' great contribution to medieval warfare is also here in abundance - the horse. Thousands of them packed tightly into their ships and their heads poking up just above the gunnels. Having landed his invasion force at Pevensey Bay on the Sussex coast, William advanced to face King Harold at Senlac Hill, outside Hastings. Harold's army consisted entirely of infantry, mainly housecarls, professional soldiers trained to handle a two-handed axe, which, if swung correctly, could cleave man and his horse in two. And here, towards the end of the tapestry, is the key scene - the point of impact between the two opposing sides, between the shield wall and the mounted, charging knight. The very moment in this transition in weaponry and warfare, caught for all time in a few strands of wool. Just as King Alfred's shield wall had held firm at Ethandun in 878, King Harold's now withstood repeated charges by the Norman cavalry, before William, curiously, ordered them back. Now, it's never been clear if this was a retreat or a ruse, but it worked. In a moment of over-confidence, the Anglo-Saxons, seeing the Normans retreat, broke their line and charged off downhill. But the Normans turned on their heel and ran the Anglo-Saxons into the ground. And then, from out of the sky, came that fabled arrow, said to have struck King Harold in the eye. Now, a close analysis of the linen shows that that arrow is in fact a later addition. So whether or not Harold was struck in the eye, we'll never know. His death certainly brought an end to the battle. This very long yarn remains a vivid record not only of medieval weaponry and its central role in the invasion and subsequent conquest of England, but also, as you can see from the lower frieze, it's a graphic catalogue of the horrific mutilations and injuries that these weapons could inflict. Many of these grim dismemberments on the field at Hastings were caused by a downward cutting blow delivered to the crown of the head - the favoured sword stroke of the Norman knight. But as William, now king, established control over all of England and consolidated the Anglo-Saxon infantry with his Norman knights, the might and martial skill of these mounted warriors started to trouble the Church. The Papacy began to consider how those who lived and died by the sword could be reconciled with the Christian faith. In 1095, Pope Urban II issued a call to arms to reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim control and thousands of warriors set out for the Holy Land as Militia Christi - Knights of Christ. The Pope's sanction of this first Crusade meant that, now, the mounted knight could achieve honour, piety and even spiritual merit by his sword. And these knights carried with them the very latest in sword technology. No longer for them the Saxon pattern-welded sword with its heavy, straight blade. But this, the arming sword... made using properly quenched, hardened and tempered steel. It's much longer, about 31 inches, but it's lighter because of this fuller, or groove, running down the centre of the blade. Now, although it's so much bigger, it's also so much easier to wield. In addition, the crossguard, or quillon - not present on the Saxon sword, but developed by the Normans to protect the hand, further rendered this weapon into a cruciform symbol, another reminder for the knights of their allegiance to God. As the sword developed and was modified, so too did the means and methods of wielding it. So, to try and get to grips with medieval swordsmanship, what better than a duel with my tutor-in-arms, And he'll be teaching me from an original combat manual of the day. Rupert, tell me about this manuscript. What exactly is it? It's the Walpurgis Fechtbuch and it's the first extant example of medieval swordplay that we have in the world. Previously, it's all verbal descriptions or written descriptions. It's the first one where we've actually got pictures of the individual moves and how they can be countered. This, you can actually see how the sword is held and, from that, learn how to fight effectively. And the images here, it's not just that they're rare - they're also fascinating and very, very important. I mean, you clearly have someone who appears to be a monk and someone who appears to be really quite feminine. She does because she is, and that is because they are keying us into something in the cultural DNA of the time. The monk is seen as steadfast and upright, the woman represents cunning and strategy and the way they both use the blade refers back to this concept. Who would have actually used this manuscript? Who's it aimed at? Is it aimed at young adults, people who have suddenly been called up to fight? A mixture of both. But the depth in which it goes into the swordplay is ideal for training page to squire, squire to knight. Well, shall we recreate some of those positions -from that manuscript? Rupert, take me through what we've got here. Well, we've got a sword, an arming sword, and we've got our bucklers. So the grip is vitally important. Grip strongly with the thumb and forefinger and very, very little pressure with the last two fingers - this gives you the wield of the blade. -It makes it much more manoeuvrable. -Whereas, if you grip, all you've got is the action of the arm. So, if you put the sword and buckler forward like that... And then I will step forwards and bring the blade under my arm. Now, your blade needs to point at me. I'm ready to go from this guard to parry or deflect your blade and then attack. I'm actually physically stepping in, pushing your blade away. Now, I've got an option here. I can either disengage and cut to your head or, while I've got your blade busy, I can step forwards again and punch you in the face with the buckler. And this is where swashbuckling comes from. Your buckler hangs on your swash, or sword belt, and you have the sword, so it's swash and buckling. That's interesting. I don't like either of those options. I don't want you to cut me in the head or punch me with the shield. Well, this is where the manual will teach you a counter. So, if we go back to where we were, I've got the blade here. I step forwards. Now, you know I've got two options, so you need to disengage your blade and then, behind your head, and stepping forward onto your other foot, and then striking forward with the buckler. So I have to retreat. -So I can hit you in the face with it. -That's much better. So, this counterplay, this dance, leads you through the positions you see in the manual. Instantly, we're in another position from the manual. Yeah, we saw that one, didn't we, defending each other? And that's completely natural, so the weapons lead you to these positions. You see how, even after a short period of using the manual, you, who've never used these weapons before, albeit slowly, -are beginning to be able to use them effectively. During the course of the 12th century, the sword would be transformed from a versatile, close-combat weapon into one of mythic proportion and all because of the revival in literature of the most legendary sword of all. In 1136, a Welsh cleric named Geoffrey of Monmouth, whilst travelling through this part of South Wales, wrote a chronicle entitled Historia Regum Britanniae - The History Of The Kings Of Britain. Geoffrey's chronicle was a clever weave of historical fact and high-blown fantasy, and it did a great deal to reignite the legend of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table, a legend encapsulated and thought of today for its mythical weapon, Excalibur, or Caliburnus, as Geoffrey called it. A sword which he tells us was forged on the isle of Avalon and would carve the souls from out of them with blood. Given to Arthur by the Lady of the Lake, thus granting him the divine right to rule, Excalibur demonstrated just how highly the English venerated their swords. Other Western cultures had also bestowed their swords with names. The Vikings called theirs fotbitr, meaning "the leg-biter". Whilst the legendary sword of Charlemagne, said to change colour 30 times a day, was called Joyeuse, or "joyous". But Excalibur seemed to be the weapon personified, a sentient sword capable of its own actions, even of controlling its owner. The scores of medieval knights who read Geoffrey's chronicle and turned it into what amounted to a medieval best-seller identified strongly with the idea of a medieval knight empowered with a sword by divine providence. And none more so than William Marshal, said to be the greatest knight who ever lived. William Marshal was the true Lancelot of his age - a master swordsman who, in the words of one eyewitness, would hammer his weapon down on enemies like a blacksmith on iron. Born in southern England around 1147, Marshal was 12 or 13 when he was packed off to the Chateau de Tancarville in northern Normandy to be schooled in the art of war. Over the six years that Marshal spent here at Tancarville, he honed his military skills and outshone his rivals to become a peerless chevalier, or armed horseman. He'd also become a man of great honour, a paragon of the knightly code to which all true chevaliers aspired - known to us as chivalry. But aside from his proficiency with the sword, to fight effectively in the saddle, Marshal's fortunes would be founded on his ability to master a new weapon of engagement - the lance. The lance evolved from the spear, but unlike Marshal's forebears at the Battle of Hastings, who would have held theirs aloft to throw, the lance was held under the arm, in what was known as the couch position, an innovation which transferred all of the energy of a galloping, charging horse through the rider to his intended victim. And the best training for the lance came in mock battles on an impressive scale, called tourneys or tournaments, a form of extreme sports in which William Marshal secured his reputation. Knights would assemble in their hundreds here on the plains of Normandy, at tournaments staged to prove their prowess. They would line up in two long lines and then, at the sound of a horn, they would charge at each other, seeking first to unhorse their opponents with a lance before attempting to secure their submission in the ensuing melee. Fully armed, William Marshal launched into their ranks like a lion amongst oxen. Many said, "Who is this savage who so demolishes the men on our side?" They put every effort they could into doing Marshal harm and capturing him, but they dared not stand there and take his blows. The church condemned these medieval war games as detestable revels and, fearing that they were a persistent threat to public order, Henry II actually banned them in England. But here in Normandy, they weren't outlawed, providing the knightly class with an essential training for war. And we can still get a sense of the impact of a lance in a cavalry charge from the later incarnation of the tournament, the medieval joust. Well, I'm glad I'm not on that horse. But these are just for show. Imagine what it was like with one of those things bearing down on you. After the joust, I catch up with this knight in shining armour, Sir Bryn ap Cwrw, or Benedict Green, as he's normally known. What sort of speed are you hitting each other with on these horses? Or if you went back to warfare and you were imagining charging at another guy on a horse with a lance? A horse will go up to roughly 30mph, so in a combined charge where both sides have committed, you're looking at up to a 60mph impact. The tournament lance is obviously designed to break more easily, but the war lances would be a slightly slimmer version with a triangulated or diamond cross section head designed to penetrate plate steel. How effective was this armour? Is anything going to get through that at all? -Are you safe? I mean, the chronicles suggest that a full lance at 90 degrees will go through it, and that arrows may penetrate it up to half a centimetre to a centimetre, but I'm not directly beneath it. There's a good pocket of air that means, that even if they do penetrate, they don't reach me. The lance evolves as a military term to both describe the military formation as well as the weapon, but also a knight and his immediate retinue that would fight in the early tournaments with William Marshal, but later became a core component of all military structures. Indeed, Marshal gains most of his fame fighting in his lance formation throughout Europe in tournaments for various kings, as did many other knights, and that is where the term "freelance" originates, this idea of knights whose arms and services were available to, essentially, the highest bidder. As a freelancer, Marshal would serve at the right hand of no less than five English kings, but his allegiance to one of them began on far from friendly terms. In 1189, in the contested realm of Angevin in northern France, Marshal's loyalty to Henry II led to a tense stand-off with Henry's hostile son and heir, none other than Richard Coeur de Lion - Richard the Lionheart. These two formidable figures faced up to each other outside the castle walls of Le Mans. But, in his haste, Richard lacked the necessary weapons for combat. The Lionheart did have his sword - which he'd named Excalibur - but Marshal, by contrast, had sword, shield and, most importantly, lance. And when Marshal spurred his horse forward, Richard exclaimed, "God's legs, Marshal, don't kill me! "That would be a wicked thing, since you find me here unarmed." Marshal realised this was no fair fight, high on a knight's code of honour, and he shouted back, "Indeed, I won't. Let the Devil kill you, I shall not do it." And at the last minute, he lowered his lance and drove it into Richard's mount. A mere flick of the wrist would have changed English history. The Lionheart would not forego his lance again in a hurry. And, once crowned king, and perhaps swayed by Marshal's prowess, Richard lifted the ban on tournaments in England. However, the lance and other hand-to-hand combat weapons would soon seem outdated in the face of a new form of medieval warfare. As castles began to appear in greater numbers and with increasingly heavier fortifications, so did the scope and scale of warfare change to now include castle sieges alongside pitched battles. And the methods for breaching castle walls, siege engines like the mangonel or the mighty trebuchet, would usher in a new age of long-range missile weaponry. But the weapon that really came to the fore during this new age of siege warfare was a sniper's weapon of great velocity and penetrative power - the crossbow. This weapon allowed a more detached method of killing. With a firing range of up to 300 yards, you no longer needed to look your aggressor in the eye. The crossbow comprised a bowed, horizontal lathe - or prod - mounted at the end of a wooden tiller, from which short, thick arrows, called bolts or quarrels, were fired. And to get a sense of this weapon's deadly effectiveness, I've sought out crossbowman Robin Knight, busy taking refuge in his castle bolthole. Robin, why were crossbows so effective in sieges? Because, as you can see, I'm standing in an embrasure. In front of me is an arch window, not very big. Outside of the embrasure, I'll be susceptible to missiles of one form or another coming over the top. So you can stay hidden with one of these? I'm safe, but I've got a whole field of fire out there. The attackers have got to scale those earthworks and there's me up here, shooting down, munching on me chicken leg and killing them. And what about the range? Can we easily hit something down there? Well, I can hit the grass. Let me have a go. OK, pin down. Drag the string back slowly. Bring it up to the firing position. -There we go. -I'll put the bolt in. Not that I don't trust you. Top half of the embrasure. If you had a mirror, you'd be able to see the glint in your eye that says you're seven years old. It's amazing how something so simple can be so deadly. That's terrifying enough. What about this one here? That one is a lot more substantial. Because of the heavier draw weight, you have a more intricate method of spanning it. Now, you need to get on your knees for this one. Jam the trigger with your hand, then wind it up. Oh, there it goes. I see it moving up. Oh, you can feel the tension of this thing building, can't you? Well, at the moment, I'm doing it with two fingers, but it's getting harder and harder. It must have been difficult using these on the battlefield cos they took so long to load. That's why you had a little lad with you carrying a pavise, which was a huge, great, wooden shield. And he would place it in front of the crossbowman when he was on his knees, like this, loading it. There you can see the nut rolling back. -Hear the trigger go? I did, I heard the click. And then we take this off. -And then you're ready to go? -And you're ready to shoot. Bring it up. Bolt's in, keep your thumb down. -I need my thumbs. That went miles, that one. So, although it does take longer to load, it is immensely more powerful, -It's worth the effort. However, during the 12th century, the crossbow was increasingly seen as a highly divisive weapon - a diabolical one, even, when it was deemed an instrument of the Devil by the Pope, who sought to ban its use against Christians. Well, you can clearly see how effective the crossbow was, so why was it such a controversial weapon back then? It was acceptable to batter somebody to death with a sword, but to kill a man with a crossbow? Not acceptable at all. Was it sort of seen as cheating or something? -What was wrong with it? -I suppose it was seen as cheating, yeah. Because, if I'm fighting you with a sword, we're four foot apart, we're hacking hell out of each other, and then some farmer's boy from wherever shoots you or me from 100 yards away? No, that's not chivalry. As English people, we take in a hatred of crossbowmen or crossbows, we take it in with our mothers' milk. We take it in with our porridge at breakfast. It's morally reprehensible. Untroubled by such moral concerns, and ignoring the papal ban, Richard the Lionheart employed large numbers of mercenary crossbowmen, principally, the Balestrieri from Genoa, famed for their expertise. And after returning from the third Crusade, Richard set his sights on another traditional enemy. To recover lost lands and seize new castles, he waged war on Philip II of France. In March 1199, Richard was three days into the siege of Chalus, a diminutive and apparently insignificant castle in Limousin, and it was on the point of collapse. It's garrison had been heavily depleted by Richard's crossbowmen and only one defender was visible on its walls, a young man named Peter Basilius. After supper one evening, the King strode out from his tent to inspect the progress of the siege. Richard was unarmoured and, more than anything, was amused by this lone defender with the crossbow, who had been seen using a saucepan as a shield. But in the dying light, Peter Basilius took aim, loosed a bolt towards the King, which, against all expectations, found its mark and struck Richard in the left shoulder. Richard tried to pull it out, but the shaft broke, leaving the head embedded in his flesh. A surgeon was summoned, who removed it, but not without carelessly mangling the King's arm in the process. In spite of herbs and dressing, the wound deteriorated and gangrene set in. When the castle fell, the lone crossbowman was brought before the King, now on his deathbed. But instead of ordering him to be killed, Richard said to him, "Live on and, by my bounty, behold the light of day." The greatest warrior-king of the Middle Ages, the valiant Richard the Lionheart, had been killed by the very weapon that he had championed. Richard's untimely death demonstrated why crossbows were so feared and revered. It took only one bolt to kill a king. And as for the pardoned crossbowman, well, chivalry only went so far, for as soon as Richard was dead, Peter Basilius was flayed alive and pulled apart by wild horses. Richard's successor, his brother, King John, spent most of his reign battling against his barons. And, like his brother before him, John too relied on foreign mercenary units of crossbowmen. In 1215, the rebel barons presented King John with "the great charter", the Magna Carta, to protect their rights and to hold the king to account. And within it, they called for the expulsion of all mercenary captains and their crossbowmen from the country in an attempt to deprive the King of his most reliable fighting force. King John signed the charter, but completely ignored the calls for the ban of crossbowmen. And the following year, after his death, his son, Henry III, not only continued to garrison his castles with large numbers of them, but he also set in motion the greatest period of weapons manufacture yet witnessed in England. Two munitions factories were set up - one inside the Tower of London and the other tucked away here at St Briavels in the Forest of Dean because of the large local deposits of iron ore, which could be smelted and forged into crossbow bolts, or quarrels, as they were technically known. In 1228, King Henry's chief quarrel maker, John Malemort, was sent here to begin work at a state-of-the-art forge within the bailey. "The King wills that quarrels shall be made with all speed "and kept here for his own use," were his orders and Malemort set about making no fewer than 100 quarrels a day. Malemort's enormous stockpile of quarrels was then carefully packed into barrels and sent in long carts under armed guard to other strategically placed castles throughout the kingdom. This was weaponry on an industrial scale and such was its military value that the King's Great Arsenal, as St Briavels came to be known, was heavily fortified. It was given a new defensive ditch, three iron portcullises and this massive two-towered gatehouse behind me, built with huge spurs to prevent undermining in a siege. The forge at St Briavels may have long gone, but John Malemort's skill has been kept alive by master arrowsmiths like Hector Cole, who's giving me a glimpse of how this medieval munitions factory would have operated. That forge is roaring like a dragon. Is this very similar to the process -they would have used in the medieval period? Nothing has changed. The metal they would have been using would have been, more than likely, what we call phosphoric iron, which gives a little bit of extra hardness to the head when it's finished. St Briavels, obviously, was a specialist forge for making quarrels, so there would have been arrowsmiths working there full-time and there would have been a lot of them, at least 50 people. How many do you think they'd be able to make in a day? On the average, for a quarrelhead, you're talking about six minutes, if you're really going at it hammer and tongs, if you like. If they're working 12 hours a day, which they would, they were making thousands. One minute it was a big lump of solid iron and now it's... -Now it's quite delicate, isn't it? -Really, very much so. When your metal goes in the fire, your mind goes in with it, otherwise you're in serious trouble. -So, you're my hammer man. -Yes, I have my hammer. And you're going to just do a little bit of tidying. Let's give it a go. Now, you're going to heat it up -and you're going to hammer it on the far edge of the anvil again. Every hammer blow that you make is important because it will alter the shape of the head when it's finished. The diamond shape will penetrate far better than the square shape when it hits armour or anything like that. Chainmail, will it go through chainmail? It would burst chainmail, yes. One reasonable quarrelhead. It's better than reasonable! There we go - a quarrel. A steaming, deadly weapon. John Malemort continued to supply the Crown with huge quantities of ammunition. In March 1277, the new king, Edward I, ordered 200,000 quarrels from St Briavels to equip crossbowmen for his first campaign against the rebellious Prince of Wales, Llewelyn ap Gruffudd, who had repeatedly refused to pay homage to him. Edward I would overrun the Welsh and contain them with the most powerful set of castles yet built in medieval Europe, and yet it was in his campaigns against them that he would witness the effectiveness of the Welsh guerrilla fighters, particularly the bowmen of Gwent in South Wales. These archers were long known for their proficiency with the heavy-draw-weight longbow, much lighter to wield than the crossbow and much quicker to reload, too. On average, an archer could get off five arrows for every single crossbow bolt. The bow had long been used by hunters and foresters, but, like the sword, it now began to be seen as a mythic weapon through stories that abounded about the elusive outlaw Robin Hood. Whatever their truth, these stories fuelled the rising status of the archer. King Edward immediately saw how the longbow, particularly that with a heavy draw weight, which enabled a far greater range, could be used to create a lethal infantry missile weapon. But his great innovation was to deploy not hundreds, but thousands of these archers alongside his men-at-arms. Archers had never been deployed in this way before by an English king. One archer who seems to have stepped straight out of the medieval forest is Mark Stretton. He's among the very few people today capable of handling a heavy-draw-weight longbow. Mark, bows and arrows have been around for thousands of years. Why was it in this period that everything suddenly changed in relation to the bow? Largely because, with this type of weapon, you can shoot at close range and you can shoot at long range very quickly. If you take it into modern warfare terms, you've got a sniper and you've got artillery. So you could change very quickly from having to shoot a knight advancing to you very close, and you've got no choice but to shoot the man, or you could shoot at long distance and almost, in a way, change the way that the knights rode, so almost like a sheepdog, you could hedge them in and bring them over to one side. Just by shooting a volley of arrows, you could change the whole course of the battle. It's such a beautiful object as well as a weapon of war. How are they made? Well, this bow is made out of yew wood and the reason this is so good is this is a natural lamination of wood, because the sap wood resists tension very, very well and the heart wood resists compression and that is the beauty of why yew was used, because it has a very, very good resistance to being pulled back. And when you let it go, it springs back so quickly that that is where the real power is. And so, the faster the string returns, the faster the arrow flies. You have quite a glint in your eye when you talk about bows. -Can you train me to do it? -We can have a go, but whether we'll be successful or not's another story! Well, this is an actual war bow. This is 140lbs at 32 inches. -That's 10st you're trying to drag back. -Put your hand up to that mark there. -Three fingers on the string, and let's see what you can do. And just simply pull it back towards my chin? Yeah, see how far you can pull it. -I can get it back that far. -Well, perhaps we ought to try something a little lighter, do you think? OK, let's try something a little lighter. Oh, we've got this one, which is half its weight. This is 70lbs. Let's see what you can do with that. Let's hopefully be able to do something with this one. Oh, yeah, that's better, that's better. There we go. I can do that one. I think we'll try now with an arrow and we'll try and shoot at the target. OK, let's see what you can do. That's very good, actually. Shall we see how it compares with a real war bow? Yes, I can't wait. -Let's go and have a look. We've actually gone through both sides with this one. Look at that! And that must have taken an enormous amount more energy -to have done that. -You can see how the mail is gripping the shaft. You've still gone through that far. But the real thing with the heavy war arrows, it's gone through two thicknesses and through the target that we were shooting at, which is quite a dense piece of material. So, if I now pull this one out, we've gone that far instead. Yeah, rather than that. So, it really is an extraordinary weapon, that, isn't it? Yeah, but, of course, you've got to understand, this is at close range. What we really want to see is what it's like when we shoot at long distance because that's when this weapon really comes into its own. With a lighter bow, you can probably do it with your arms, but with something like this, a true war bow, you've got to use your entire body. For something like this, which is so heavy, if you've not got a very strong skeletal frame, you could actually destroy yourself with the forces acting upon you. Right, so you've seen how far my arrow has gone and it's gone a good 220 yards, we're way up that bank there. And, of course, if you relate this to a battlefield situation, you're engaging the enemy at a greater distance and that gives you a huge advantage. Yeah, and seeing just one arrow fly into the sky was an awesome sight. It must have been extraordinary seeing hundreds, thousands of them. Oh, yeah. If you get thousands of archers all losing one arrow at once, you really would get a storm of arrows. The sky would be full of arrows and then they'd come raining in. It would really be like a rain of death hitting the knights and there's just no way you're going to get away from that, so that is why this was such a decisive weapon. The arrow storm unleashed by longbowmen may have helped Edward I to conquer the Welsh, but this weapon would really come to the fore during the wars of Scottish independence, around the turn of the 14th century. At the Battle of Falkirk in 1298, Edward's longbowmen picked off with relative ease the once-invincible formations of Scottish spearmen, The Scots' leader, William Wallace, managed to escape the arrow storm, but was later captured and executed in London for treason. Hanged, drawn and quartered, his head was placed on London Bridge and his limbs sent north to Perth, Stirling, Newcastle and Berwick-upon-Tweed. It was here, on the old bridge over the River Tweed, that Edward I ordered one of Wallace's quarters, said to be his sword arm, to be strung up as a warning against further rebellion, but to no avail. For the next quarter of a century, Berwick, the most economically and strategically significant port in the Border wars, was fiercely contested in a series of raids and sieges, until it was eventually reclaimed by the Scots. But then, in 1333, it became the crucible for a decisive confrontation - one in which the longbow would come of age. In May of that year, the new King, Edward III, came to lay siege to Berwick and positioned himself just north of the town, on a 600ft rise called Halidon Hill. Here, I'm meeting Professor Matthew Strickland to find out how this became the real testing ground for the longbow. So, we've got Edward III up here, the Scots coming from the north. Edward knows they're going to come from the north, so they're really playing into his hands already. It's a trap. He sets a trap. Edward chose Halidon Hill because it dominated the approaches to Berwick. He drew up his army in three divisions, or battles, as they were known. Now, the key thing about Halidon, and what makes it such an important battle in the history of the longbow, is that he dismounted his knights to fight on foot, and each of his divisions was flanked by a wing of archers, sloping inwards, so that the incoming Scots were caught by enfilading shot from the longbowmen. -And was this new formation effective? -It was highly effective, particularly because of the use of the terrain because what happened was the Scots advanced down the slope. As they came down the slope, they realised that the bottom of the valley was marshy and boggy, so that broke up their progress. They then had to struggle up the hill behind us, towards the English positions, and this was something that Edward III was very good at. He'd choose the ground so that the approach looked easier than it actually was. As they're struggling up the slope, they're being pounded with arrows. Imagine these coming down in their thousands. One chronicler says, "As the Scots were advancing, "they turned their faces away as if walking into a storm of sleet, "so dense were the arrows striking them." By the time those who do reach the English men-at-arms get there, they're winded, they're tired, they're probably wounded and they're easily defeated by the English knights and men-at-arms. So how did this battle influence the bigger story of medieval warfare? The longbow was a weapon that had existed for many centuries. The weapon itself isn't new. What Halidon sees is the use, en masse, of this new tactical formation, which sees dismounted knights flanked by wings of archers, and the Scots are drawn in and destroyed. And it's this tactic that the English will use again and again in the Hundred Years' War. Edward III may have won his spurs at Halidon Hill, but he soon faced a new threat from King Philip VI of France. Keen to test his winning longbow tactics, Edward set sail for Normandy in July 1346 with an army of over 10,000 men. Edward marched north, burning and pillaging everything in sight. He sought to engineer an encounter on his terms and on the terrain of his choosing. And here, at Crecy in the Somme, he found it. Taking command from a windmill, exactly here, where this watchtower now stands, Edward drew up his forces on this ridge behind me, hemmed in between the villages of Crecy and Wadicourt, with the intention of luring his enemy into a killing zone in the basin below. This would be the ultimate contest of rival weaponry, pitting longbow against crossbow, archer against archer. And so desperate was King Philip for victory that he ordered his 2,000 Genoese crossbowmen forward immediately, even though they were exhausted from a long march and without their defensive pavise shields, which had been left behind in the baggage train. Regardless, the Genoese crossbowmen loosed their bolts, but they fell inexplicably short. Now, it's always been a matter of conjecture why this happened. Some blame the wet weather, but the Genoese were professional crossbowmen and they would have kept their bowstrings waxed. Others say they were dazzled, firing into the sun, and simply misfired. But, for me, these explanations are all too simple. The fact is that Philip pushed them into a battle for which they were ill-prepared. Those men unskewered by the subsequent English arrow storm threw down their crossbows and fled, only to be trampled to death under the hooves of the advancing French cavalry. But the relentless rain of arrows was not the only cause of panic and confusion on this battlefield that day. One Italian witness wrote of the fearful effect of the fire that throws tiny balls to frighten and destroy horses. This was Edward's secret weapon that he had brought to France, concealed in carts - cannon - and this was their first appearance in pitched battle. Having mastered the deployment of the longbow, and with it transformed England into a formidable military power, Edward now sought to embrace new weapons technology in the form of gunpowder. The cannon may have been in its infancy at Crecy, but its psychological effect on the battle was profound. At Crecy, over the hiss of the English arrow storm had been heard the thunder of guns - a resounding new weapon of war. Edward's cannon gave birth to a new age of warfare, one in which the skill of a swordsman and the brute strength of an archer gave way to the simple lighting of a fuse or the pull of a trigger, and the whole business of killing became easier than ever before. Next time, I'll find out how a new range of weaponry, from cannons to muskets, was devised to exploit the explosive force of gunpowder. I'll explore the role it played at key moments in British history - the Gunpowder Plot and the English Civil War - and I'll tell the little-known story of the first-ever political assassination by firearm. In the first of this three-part series, Dr Sam Willis charts the evolution of weaponry in Britain throughout the Middle Ages. Beginning with the Battle of Ethandun in 878, when the future of Anglo-Saxon England lay in the balance, Sam examines the weapons and tactics used by King Alfred to keep the Viking raiders at bay, and gets hands-on experience as he joins re-enactors behind a shield-wall, used by the Anglo-Saxons en masse as an attacking weapon to drive back and defeat the Vikings. Sam travels to France to examine the famous Bayeux Tapestry, with its depiction of the huge arsenal massed by William the Conqueror for his invasion of England in 1066. With the Norman mounted knight came innovations in weapon technology, chiefly stronger and lighter swords, and Sam is given a lesson in swordsmanship using the earliest known combat manual. Sam also visits the Chateaux de Tancarville in Normandy to tell the story of William Marshal, said to be the greatest knight who ever lived, and how he forged his reputation using a new weapon - the lance - in the extreme sport of its day, the tourney. To get a real sense of the tourney, Sam watches a display of its later incarnation - the joust. The increasing number of castles and sieges brought with it a new age of projectile missile weaponry, principally the crossbow. Holed up in a castle tower, Sam gets to test-fire different crossbows and discovers why they became outlawed by the pope as instruments of the devil. Visiting the battlefield sites of Halidon Hill in Northumberland and Crecy in northern France, and again getting hands-on with the weapon in question, Sam examines how King Edward III strategically deployed the traditional longbow in vast numbers to devastating effect against the Scots and the French, and as such how it came to be regarded as the chief weapon of the Middle Ages.

weapons_science

https://smartarchery.com/excalibur-matrix-bulldog-400-review-best-recurve-crossbow/

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Excalibur released the Matrix Bulldog 400 in 2016, and it is the new top of the line in the Matrix lineup. It offers a great mix of Power, balance, and comfort. The Matrix Bulldog 400 is the closest replacement to the discontinued Matrix Mega 405, but comes at a significantly lower price point (See on Amazon). To learn more about this crossbow, keep reading this Excalibur Matrix Bulldog 400 Review. Images courtesy of Bowtech Archery Excalibur Matrix Bulldog 400 Specs - 400 FPS - 124 ft. pounds kinetic energy - 280 lbs draw weight - 14" power stroke - 35.8" long - 30.25" wide un-cocked - 23.75" wide cocked - Weighs 6.2 lbs - 350 grain arrows - 150 grain field points This Excalibur Matrix Bulldog review can't really tell you how much value comes with this crossbow. At 400 FPS, it is one of the fastest crossbows. Using this kinetic energy calculator, it produces 124 foot pounds of kinetic energy! That makes it one of the most powerful crossbows you can buy. With the high FPS and high FPKE, this is a great candidate for best crossbow to hunt bears, moose, or deer. Your shots will penetrate deep and allow for a quick and humane kill shot. Weighing only 6.2 pounds, you can hunt all day without being fatigued. The 14" power stroke is what allows it to shoot so fast while still being lightweight. The Matrix Bulldog 400 comes with a lot of great features that make it one of the best hunting crossbows. As Excalibur put it, this crossbow is where speed and power meet balance and comfort. The Bulldog moniker comes from the fact that it has a Bullpup stock, which is more commonly found on rifles. The bullpup stock helps you stay comfortable and improve your aim, especially for long shots in the 40+ yard range. The Bullpup ready rest stock is designed to help improve the balance and feel of the crossbow, and help improve mobility. After you take your perfect shot, you'll notice how good the R.E.D.S suppressors are. R.E.D.S stands for Recoil Energy Dissipation System and is exclusive to Excalibur. These string suppressors are well placed to greatly reduce the noise and vibration of the string. When you want to reload, you'll be happy to know the Excalibur Matrix Bulldog crossbow package comes with a rope-cocking aid. This reduces the effort of pulling back the 280 pound draw weight string significantly. Similar to other top of the line crossbows from Excalibur, the Matrix Bulldog has the Guardian Anti-Dry-Fire system. One of the worst things you can do to a crossbow is dry-fire it (shooting it without a bolt, or properly cocked string). With 280 pounds of draw weight, a dry-fire could easily crack your limbs, which is a costly mistake. Thankfully, the Excalibur anti-dry-fire system is built into the scope mount, so it is tucked away and always at work. If you were to accidentally dry-fire, the Guardian system will catch the string, avoiding damage to your crossbow. Another plus is the Guardian can also de-cock itself, so you don't have to fire a de-cocking bolt, or damage one of your arrows. What's In The Box - Excalibur Matrix Bulldog 400 Crossbow - Tact-Zone Illuminated Scope - Four Diablo Arrows - Four 150 grain field points - R.E.D.S string suppressors - Guardian Anti-Dry-Fire protection - Rope-cocking aid - Ambidextrous cheekpiece Shooting The Matrix Bulldog 400 Crossbow If you're curious to see how well the Excalibur Matrix Bulldog 400 crossbow shoots, watch this quick video below. If you want to see the true limits of this crossbow, watch the Matrix Bulldog hit a target at 110 yards! Of course this is only recommended for target shooting, as you would want to make sure you only take humane shots while hunting. Best Crossbow For Bear Hunting The whole Excalibur Matrix crossbow line was made with hunting big game in mind. This is why every Matrix model has high FPS and high foot pounds of kinetic energy. Watch this video of Matrix crossbows taking down a black bear. The Excalibur Matrix Bulldog 400 is the newest and top of the line model with the most power, and that is what makes it the best crossbow for bear hunting. When you buy the Matrix Bulldog package, you get four Easton Diablo 18" Carbon arrows. Excalibur partnered with Easton and created these crossbow arrows to be specifically designed for the Matrix series crossbows. The Diablo Carbon arrows have 2 inch vanes and you can equip them with either a fixed or mechanical broadhead, whichever you prefer. A unique feature that improves the accuracy is a heavier front insert. This allows for more weight to be towards the front of the arrow, increasing accuracy. Hunters love these arrows, check out some of their reviews on Amazon. Excalibur recommends a minimum arrow weight of 350 grains. Anything less will not perform well with the Matrix 400, and also runs the risk of damaging the recurve limbs. Best Matrix Crossbow Case Without a doubt, the Excalibur EX-Shield Crossbow Case is the best case for any Matrix series crossbow. It was specifically designed for the Matrix series and guaranteed to fit. It is made with a rugged outer shell, which is a high quality and heavy duty material great for the outdoors. The case includes a sling, 2 heavy duty carrying handle, 6 storage pockets, and heavy duty zippers. If you want the flexibility of a soft crossbow case, you can't go wrong buying the Excalibur EX-Shield case. Excalibur Matrix Bulldog 400 Review Conclusion In this Excalibur Matrix Bulldog 400 review, I covered the specs, features, what comes with the crossbow package, and recommended some accessories. I really feel Excalibur hit a home run with this crossbow. The feature set and the specs put it in the top tier category along with the Barnett Ghost 415 and the TenPoint Venom Xtra, which is good company to keep. For the price, it might be the best crossbow for the money. It certainly could be considered the best crossbow for bear hunting due to its high FPS, high kinetic energy, and accessories included with the package. Even if you don't want to hunt bear, and want to focus on deer and turkey, the Matrix Bulldog will excel in every hunting situation you put it in.

weapons_science

https://twocircles.net/2007oct18/russia_continue_developing_defence_capability_putin.html

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By RIA Novosti Moscow : President Vladimir Putin said Thursday Russia will continue to develop both nuclear and conventional components of its armed forces. “We will not only focus on all components of the nuclear triad, meaning the strategic missile forces, strategic aviation and nuclear submarines, but also on other kinds of weapons,” Putin said in his annual question and answer session live on TV. “A weapons development programme has been approved for development of all armed services and branches by 2015,” Putin said. Russia already deployed 36 types of modern weaponry with the armed forces in the first half of 2007. These weapon systems include the submarine-launched R-29RM Sineva ballistic missiles, the S-400 Triumf air defence complex, and the 120-mm Nona SM-1 towed mortar for ground forces. Putin said Russia had been successfully developing new-generation ballistic missile systems while modernizing the existing missile complexes. “We will continue developing missile technologies, including new-generation ballistic missiles,” the president said. “We will also prioritise the development of high-precision weaponry.” Russia has recently conducted test launches of the Yarts land-based ballistic missile, the Bulava sea-launched ballistic missile, the X-102 airborne missile and a new version of the Iskander-M ballistic missile capable of carrying multiple warheads. On Thursday, Russia’s Strategic Missile Forces announced a successful test launch of an RS-12 Topol ICBM (NATO reporting name SS-25 Sickle). Topol missile systems have been in service since 1988 and their service life has been extended to 21 years.

weapons_science

https://products.news/2018-07-13-u-s-military-spending-millions-on-missile-destroying-lasers-that-can-be-mounted-on-drones.html

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Friday, July 13, 2018 by Edsel Cook The Pentagon wants a fleet of animal-inspired flying drones armed with lasers that can destroy any potential threat to the U.S., including enemy missiles waiting to be launched from their pads, reported The Daily Mail. The U.S. Missile Defense Agency (MDA) has put in a budget request of $9.9 billion for 2019. Of that amount, $66 million will go into funding its Low Power Laser Demonstrator (LPLD). The end goal of the LPLD program is to develop a laser that is small enough to fit aboard a drone and powerful enough to destroy missiles with one shot. The MDA promises a test-worthy system in two years’ time if its budget gets approved. Defense officials are pinning their hopes on these lasers and other advanced anti-missile technologies to stop potential North Korean attacks against U.S. territories and allies in the Pacific region. A DefenseOne.com article stated that large numbers of laser-armed drones can shoot down enemy missiles no matter where they are located. The best way to use them would be to deploy them within range of enemy territory so that they could destroy the missiles on the ground or intercept them as they are being launched. These airborne attack craft will be armed with solid-state lasers that are a step above the older chemical lasers or solid-state bulk lasers. The new lasers will use the same fiber-optic technology as modern communications cables. That allows them to be built much smaller than previous generations of laser weapons while also generating enough power to destroy a large missile. The first phase of the solid-state fiber laser program began last year when MDA contracted Lockheed Martin, Boeing, and General Atomics. Each company will devise a solution for a working laser weapon and present it to the Pentagon by 2019. The winning company will be given further funding to build a prototype laser for testing by 2020 at the latest. (Related: Video game orbital lasers come to life: Chinese engineers propose to zap space debris out of orbit with giant lasers.) Unmanned combat vehicles are expected to exert immense effects in future conflicts. The U.S. military has understandably spent many billions of dollars to make sure its fleet of combat drones is the best in the world. To this end, the Department of Defense (DoD) launched the Defense Enterprise Science Initiative (DESI) this January. DESI will issue “defense challenges” that will hopefully inspire engineers and researchers to devise clever and practical solutions. Sensors, mobility, and autonomy are this year’s focus. One of the defense challenges calls for the creation of autonomous drones that can match the agility of bats and flying insects. DESI has called for a new paradigm in autonomous flight that combines agility and autonomy. Unmanned craft must be able to make swift decisions, switch directions, or dodge obstacles without human prompting. That means improving the algorithms that handle flight and decision-making trees until the drone can react fast enough. Furthermore, the contest believes new technological advances can be gleaned from the myriad ways bats, flying insects, and other flight-capable animals move their bodies during flight. According to DESI, the current strides in sensors, processors, and flight control algorithms are perfect for the job. It calls for the creation of an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that is more maneuverable, survivable, and stealthy compared to the typical quad-copter or fixed-wing drone. If DESI produces a workable animal-like drone, chances are it will be armed with a production version of the MDA’s solid-state fiber laser, paving the way for flocks of drones that will rain lasers upon enemy missile batteries. Want to learn more about drones and other robots that are taking on more and more lifelike traits? Visit Robotics.news.

weapons_science

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Swordswomen in History #1--Maria la Bailadora The arquebus (arcabuz) used at the time was a smoothbore matchlock weapon, about 4.75 feet long, that weighed about 10-12 lbs. It fired a lead ball weighing two-thirds of an ounce. Maria's sword was likely a double-edged espada with a straight blade suitable for both cutting and thrusting, with a complex hilt to protect the hand. Being a soldier's woman during a time when the Spanish Empire was at its height, she evidently lived her daily life immersed in the martial culture of the time, which stressed skill with both firearms and edged weapons. For further reading, I suggest The Galleys at Lepanto by Jack Beeching, and the Time-Life title, The Seafarers--The Venetians.

weapons_science

https://colfaxsportsmensclub.com/steel-challenge/

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Welcome to Steel Challenge shooting Find all matches here: https://practiscore.com/clubs/colfax-sportsmens-club We are affiliated with Steel Challenge Shooting Association, (SCSA) providing sanctioned Steel Challenge matches that will be uploaded for members to the SCSA website. Steel Challenge Club ID SCSA280 ALL 2023 MATCH DATES ARE LOCATED ON THE CALENDAR (all training and matches for Steel Challenge at Colfax must be registered via Practiscore. Search on “Colfax” under matches. Links will be added once matches are created on practiscore.com) It pays to be a club member, even if you are not a regular weekly shooter the membership pays for itself quickly during the course of the shooting season. You can also save on entry fees by becoming an NRA certified RSO, and helping staff the match. Match scores can be seen by searching “Colfax” on Practiscore at Practiscore.com. Watch the Colfax Sportsmen’s Club range calendar for more exciting events in 2019 at our shooting complex. Follow the Colfax Sportsmen’s Club Facebook page for up-to-date information on events. WHAT IS STEEL CHALLENGE Wednesday evening matches typically consist of four stages, registration 5-5:30pm,. To be considerate of those arriving on time, shooters arriving after 5:30pm will not be squaded for participation. There is currently no pre-registration required for Wednesday night matches. Be present by 5:30pm to be squaded, watch the range hour calendar for updates or weather cancellations. Wednesday night matches are submitted for SCSA classification. Wednesday Evening matches $15.00 Non-Club members $10.00 Club members $0.00 Ladies & Juniors 17 & under 1st gun $5.00 per each additional gun max 3 guns on Wednesdays If a competitor is slowing or disrupting a match due to the number of guns or delays reloading we reserve the right to refund and pull that gun or guns from the rotation. Tier I Saturday or Sunday eight stage matches Range gates open at 8:00am, check in 8:15am – 9:00am, match starts at 9:30am rain or shine, bathroom and concessions on site. Targets are painted between each shooter by squad members. Saturday matches are submitted for SCSA classification. (Pre Registration via Practiscore required) $25 Non-Club members $20 Club members $10 Juniors 17 & under and working Range Officers. $10 Each additional gun. 2 maximum. Divisions you can participate in: RFRI = Rimfire rifle Iron sights RFRO = Rimfire rifle Optical sights RFPI = Rimfire pistol Iron sights RFPO = Rimfire pistol sights PCCI = Pistol Caliber Carbine Iron sights PCCO = Pistol Caliber Carbine Optical sights CO = Carry Optic: production gun with dot sight affixed to the slide. ISR = Iron Sight Revolver center fire LTD = Limited Iron sighted, double stack, flared mag well OPN = Open, Compensator, race holster OSR = Revolver Open Optics PROD = Production: Any DA or Safe Action Pistol on the USPSA gun list SS = Single Stack 1911 If your not sure what division you would fall under don’t worry about it, we will squad you accordingly. We will help you out and make sure you are going in the right direction. Its all pretty simple all you need to do is show up with your centerfire pistol or 22 pistol/rifle, with ammo and magazines. It takes 25 rds to complete a stage if you have no misses, plan for a minimum of 125+ rounds per gun for a Wednesday night match, and 250+ rounds per gun for a full Saturday or Sunday match. It does not hurt to bring extra as you can always take it home and use it next time, see the range hour calendar for Wednesday night and weekend match dates. Holsters must cover the trigger and be carried external on a belt at waist level. No magnum or steel core ammo, if you damage a steel plate with unauthorized ammo you will be responsible for the cost of replacement and be disqualified from the match. Rimfire pistol and rifle start from the low ready aiming at the aiming point 10 feet in front of the shooter’s box. Tube feed 22 rifles, single shot rifles, and revolvers with single round loading gate are not allowed. Each Stage is run five times in succession, the best four out of five runs are totaled and represent your score for that stage. All six stages are added together for your match score in your division. Five magazines are highly recommended or assistance from other members in loading during the stage to keep the flow moving. Safety glasses with side shields and hearing protection are required for all shooters and participants. Shooters disqualified for a safety or range violation will not be refunded entry fees and applies to all divisions you are participating in. Questions regarding Colfax steel challenge can be sent to Match Director, Jesse at “[email protected]” On practiscore.com search “Colfax” On practiscore.com search “Colfax”

weapons_science

https://www.flixjini.in/movie/the-nuclear-requiem-the-nuclear-world-project

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The Nuclear Requiem: The Nuclear World Project 2016 - ENGLISH - MOVIE For over seven decades the nuclear bomb has been a presence in our lives. The Nuclear Requiem is a meditation, based on a journey taken during the 70th anniversary, with voices representing different views on the continuing struggle of dealing with the most lethal weapon ever created, the nuclear weapon. The Nuclear Requiem: The Nuclear World Project is a 2016 English-language Documentary film.

weapons_science

http://www.abc27.com/story/24996332/guns-stolen-from-leola-home

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Police in Lancaster County are investigating the thefts of six firearms from a Leola home. East Lampeter Township police said the firearms were stolen from the first block of Cypress Drive over the past several months with the owner was out of the home for treatment of an illness. The following firearms were reported stolen: - Remington model 700 bolt action rifle, .260 caliber, stainless barrel with synthetic stock and Swarovski 6x18 scope, serial# T6240837; - Winchester model 94 lever action rifle, .30 WCF caliber, blued barrel with wood stock, serial# 1402759; - Ruger model 77/22 bolt action rifle, .22 caliber, stainless barrel with laminate stock and Leupold 4x12 scope, serial# 702-15750; - Remington model 11-87 semi-auto shotgun, 12 gauge, black synthetic stock, serial# PC618682; - Ruger P89 semi-auto pistol, 9mm caliber, black, serial# 307-66572; and - Ruger LCP semi-auto pistol, .380 caliber, serial# 377-89325; Anyone with information is asked to call East Lampeter Township Police Detective Scott Eelman at 717-291-4676.

weapons_science

https://www.linkpd.com/aimlock

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always on target always on target AimLock™ is the world’s first active stabilization and auto-targeting technology for small arms platforms. It combines the fire-control precision of large remote weapons systems with active target detection and continuous aim-correction in a fully-integrated, actuated, miniaturized package. AimLock™ technology can be applied to almost any small arms platform to provide unprecedented probability of hit and a dramatic reduction in time-to-engagement. LINK has been working with AimLock™ in developing this emerging (and highly confidential) technology and have been providing engineering and design services for the past few years. The AimLock™ MRR is a lightweight, stabilized, auto-targeting chassis designed for use with existing automatic/semi-auto Medium-Range Rifles. The AimLock™ MRR provides a host of benefits, including automatic target detection and tracking, unprecedented probability of hit and reduced time to engagement in both stable and unstable firing situations. When powered off, the weapon operates just like a normal firearm, allowing the operator to aim and fire the weapon using his own skills. When the AimLock system is engaged, it instantly begins detecting and tracking all targets, continuously re-aiming the weapon to maintain aim “lock” on the desired target. With the weapon actively tracking its target, it is always ready to make a high-probability shot whenever the operator pulls the trigger. AimLock’s detection and correction overcomes normal human wobble, as well as many variables introduced by vehicles, boats, helicopters or moving targets. AimLock is a system of proprietary auto-targeting components housed in a lightweight shell or “chassis”, which can be adapted to accept almost any standard barrel/receiver/magazine configuration currently being manufactured. When a firearm is dropped into the AimLock chassis, the result is a fully integrated, stabilized, intelligent gun package that provides active target detection and continuous aim-correction.

weapons_science

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U.S. REMOVES NUCLEAR AND RADIOLOGICAL MATERIALS FROM IRAQ WASHINGTON, JULY 8-- Iraqi radiological and nuclear materials with a potential use in weapons programs or dispersal devices have been removed from the country and airlifted to the United States, according to a July 6 press statement from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). In a joint Energy and Defense Department operation, 1.77 metric tons of low-enriched uranium and approximately 1000 highly radioactive sources were secured from Iraq's former nuclear research facility, packaged and then airlifted on June 23, the press statement said. "This operation was a major achievement for the Bush Administration's goal to keep potentially dangerous nuclear materials out of the hands of terrorists," Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham said in the statement. "It also puts this material out of reach for countries that may seek to develop their own nuclear weapons." The DOE press statement said the Bush administration advised both the International Atomic Energy Agency and Iraqi officials in advance of the removal of the materials. It also said that less sensitive materials "that continue to serve useful medical, agricultural or industrial purposes" were not removed from the country. Following is the text of the DOE press statement: WASHINGTON, DC -- Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham announced today that the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Department of Defense (DOD) have completed a joint operation to secure and remove from Iraq radiological and nuclear materials that could potentially be used in a radiological dispersal device or diverted to support a nuclear weapons program. "This operation was a major achievement for the Bush Administration's goal to keep potentially dangerous nuclear materials out of the hands of terrorists," Secretary Abraham said. "It also puts this material out of reach for countries that may seek to develop their own nuclear weapons." Twenty experts from DOE's national laboratory complex packaged 1.77 metric tons of low-enriched uranium and roughly 1000 highly radioactive sources from the former Iraq nuclear research facility. The DOD airlifted the material to the United States on June 23 and provided security, coordination, planning, ground transportation, and funding for the mission. Due to safety and security issues surrounding the removed materials, the U.S., consistent with its authorities and relevant United Nations Security Council Resolutions, took possession of, and removed the materials to ensure the safety and security of the Iraqi people. DOE also repackaged less sensitive materials that will remain in Iraq. Radiological sources that continue to serve useful medical, agricultural or industrial purposes were not removed from Iraq. The low enriched uranium will be stored temporarily at a secure DOE facility and the radiological sources will initially be brought to a DOE laboratory for further characterization and disposition. The International Atomic Energy Agency was advised in advance of the U.S. intentions to remove the nuclear materials. Iraqi officials were briefed about the removal of the materials and sources prior to evacuation. The nuclear research complex, now under the responsibility of the Iraq Ministry of Science and Technology, was once a central institution for Iraq's nuclear weapons program before being dismantled in the early 1990s, following the first Gulf War. The complex was also the consolidation point for highly radioactive sources collected by the Department of Defense with assistance by employees of the Ministry of Science and Technology within Iraq over the last year. (Distributed by the Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State. Web site: http://usinfo.state.gov) Note: A Bangla translation of this article is also available from the American Center. If you are interested in the translation, please call the American Center Press Section (Tel: 8813440-4, Fax: 9881677; e-mail: DhakaPA@state.gov; Website: www.usembassy-dhaka.org).

weapons_science

http://womentakingaim.com/index_files/Page582.htm

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From The National Rifle Association Basic Training Website: Since 1871, one of NRA's major objectives has been to provide basic training in the safe and proper use of firearms. Today, 50,000 NRA Certified Instructors throughout the United States continue this fine tradition of public service by conducting NRA Basic Firearm Training Courses. Courses are offered in the following What will you learn in an NRA basic course? · safe firearm handling · firearm parts and operation · ammunition and its function · shooting fundamentals and an opportunity to develop them on the range · how to select, clean and store a firearm · review of various activities available to help participants develop and improve their shooting skills Attractive certificates are awarded to participants who successfully complete each basic course.

weapons_science

https://prophecyupdate.blogspot.com/2011/03/build-up-to-war.html

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There is more on this story today: IDF Navy Seizes Ship Filled With Arms on way from Syria to Egypt This afternoon, the IDF announced that the Victoria, a German owned, French operated and Liberian flagged vessel, was apprehended 200 miles off the Israeli coast by the IDF Navy. It was carrying arms from the port of Latakia in Syria to Alexandria in Egypt via Turkey. The IDF Navy fighters, in an operation reminiscent of earlier ship seizures, met with no resistance. The assumption is that the arms were intended for the Hamas in Gaza and would reach them via the smuggling tunnels between Egypt and the Gaza Strip. The ship and crew have been towed to an Israeli port for continued questioning and inspection. 3 crates of arms were found on the deck and the inspection of the remaining hundreds of crates in the ship's cargo is expected to reveal that this was merely the tip of the iceberg. Brigadier General Avi Bnayahu, the IDF spokesperson, said to Israel Army Radio "apparently we will find more evidence of the Iran, Syria, Hezbollah axis". The MInistry of Foreign Affairs announced: This attempt at smuggling large amounts of weaponry aboard the Victoria provides additional proof of Israel’s imperative need to examine all goods entering the Hamas-controlled Gaza Strip. Photos of Intercepted Weapons from Syria to Gaza Anti-Ship Missiles Found on Hamas-Bound Boat Six advanced anti-ship missiles, sent from Iran and shipped from Syria, were part of the weapons cargo seized on the "Victory" ship Tuesday morning, the IDF says. All of the weapons on board will be dislayed at a news conference Wednesday afternoon. A preliminary list of weaponry and weaponry systems discovered includes: 230 mortar shells, 120 mm 2,270 mortar shells, 60 mm 6 C-704 anti-ship missiles 2 radar systems manufactured in England 2 hydraulic mounting cranes for radar system 66,960 bullets for the Kalashnikov, 7.62 millimeter And all for one single purpose: To kill as many Israeli citizens as possible. Period. The C-704 shore-to-sea missiles have a range of 35 kilometers and according to assessments, their intended destination to Gaza would have constituted a significant gain in the weapons capabilities of terror organizations operating there. The missiles could have been used to sink Navy ships and private boats in the ports of Ashkelon and Ashdod. Now comes the link to Iran: The identification document for the anti-ship missiles was in Persian and contained emblems of the Iranian government. The ship left from the Syrian port of Latakia before stopping in Turkey to make its way to Egypt. The IDF estimates that Egypt and Turkey had no prior knowledge of the weaponry. Below is an excellent analysis of this ongoing situation: Analysis: Israel's shadow war against Iran Israel waged war against Iran on Tuesday. No Iranians were present and not a single shot was fired, but make no mistake – the seizure of the Victoria cargo ship is part of Israel’s battle against Iran, one that is fought in the shadows and sometimes in the most unlikely places. When the commandos from the navy’s Flotilla 13 approached the ship under cover of darkness late Monday night, they still did not know what to expect. Only as they made their final approach toward the ship, some 320 km. west of Israel, did Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu give his final approval to board the vessel. In such cases, the risk is huge, and for this reason the Foreign Ministry was on standby with officials ready to contact Germany and Liberia. A German company owns the ship, and it was flying a Liberian flag. It really is "Israel against the World" isn't it? Behind a row of sacks, they found what they were looking for: crates of mortar shells, and then the real prize – the C-704 anti-ship missiles. The C-704 is an anti-ship missile made in China and used by Iran, which calls it the Nasr. Like surface-to-air missiles, the C-704 is the type of weapon that Israel fears could shift the balance of power in the region and undermine its operational freedom. But while the discovery is impressive and was the result of major intelligence and operational efforts, it is just another chapter in the larger covert war that Israel is waging against Iran and its terror proxies throughout the Middle East, and joins a long list of similar special operations that have taken place in recent years The battle against Iranian arms shipments to Syria, Hezbollah and Hamas is extremely complicated and involves unprecedented coordination between Israel and its allies, primarily the United States Despite the efforts, arms are still getting through and into the hands of terrorists: For Iran and Hamas, the seizure of the Victoria is a major blow. But it will not stop Iran from trying other ways to get advanced weaponry to its proxies, such as Hamas and Hezbollah. In many cases, Iran has succeeded. Of course they will. There has to be arms in the hands of Israel enemies in order for the final battles to take place; the battles described by the biblical prophets which will occur in the last days - days that we appear to be approaching at an ominously rapid speed.

weapons_science

https://www.museum.ie/en-IE/Collections-Research/Collection/Experimenting-and-Innovating/Artefact/Land-Mine/bccf44a7-83d7-487e-ba06-45760e5e1520

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Arming the Volunteers - Experimenting and Innovating Land mine case, 1st Eastern Division, IRA, 1920-1921 Land mine case, 1st Eastern Division, IRA, 1920-1921This concrete block is a land mine case designed specifically for use under roads. It was made in about 1920 by H. Fairclough, a Drogheda blacksmith and Brigade Engineer who constructed these mines for the 9th Brigade, 1st Eastern Division, IRA. Fairclough described it as the early type of mine used for blowing up military lorries during the War of Independence. It usually had two feet of road surface over it, and could be left buried in the ground for about a year. The reason for its solid construction was to send the force of the explosion upwards and not sideways. The detonator leads were brought out underground through the side of the mine to the roadside hedge or ditch where they could be connected to a battery at any time required. The mine held 16-18lbs of Irish War Flour or Irish Cheddar – types of home-made explosives invented by Séamas O’Donovan, the IRA’s primary chemist. The top of the mine was covered with sawdust and then with a coating of pitch which left it damp proof. This land mine was capable of completely destroying a military lorry.

weapons_science

https://www.americanbazaaronline.com/2017/08/21/india-may-soon-adopt-us-anti-missile-system-nasams/

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NASAMS was the first surface-based application for the AIM-120 AMRAAM India is planning to adopt the US anti-missile system to protect the national capital region from enemy cruise missiles, drones, and aircraft under the Delhi Area Defense project. The National Advanced Surface to Air Missile System (NASAMS), which is used by the United States for safeguarding Washington, DC, is a state-of-the-art air defense system that can maximize the ability of the users to identify, engage, and destroy the current and evolving enemy aircraft, drones or cruise missile threats, India Today reported. “The National Advanced Surface to Air Missile System is being considered for the Delhi Area Defense project to provide aerial protection to the Capital from airborne threats,” the report quotes government sources’ statement to Mail Today. The decision is because of the increased use of these kinds of weapons by terrorist organizations including Lashkar-e-Taiba and the US defense officials have made presentations to the Air Force and other agencies concerned with the project. NASAMS was the first surface-based application for the AIM-120 AMRAAM (Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile) and it is owned by seven countries. Since 2005, the system is part of the US National Capital Region’s air defense system. According to India today, this system will run parallel to the indigenous Ballistic Missile Defense shield project that protects major cities like Delhi and Mumbai from incoming ballistic missiles. The DRDO has also begun a program to develop a Quick-Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile system for the armed forces to bolster the air defense capabilities in both the western and the eastern sectors.

weapons_science

https://gistoftheday.com/2020/10/meet-vasili-arkhipov-the-man-who-saved-the-world/

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The article details how the decision of one man, Vasili Arkhipov, during the Cold War, averted nuclear war. At the height of the Cuban Missile Crisis, Soviet naval officer Vasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov, the Brigade Chief of Staff on submarine B-59, refused to fire a nuclear missile and saved the world from World War III and nuclear disaster. On October 22, 1962, after reviewing photographic evidence, President John F. Kennedy informed the world that the Soviet Union was building secret missile bases in Cuba, just 90 miles off the shores of Florida. With Cuba, a mere 90 miles from the U.S. mainland, missiles launched from there would be able to strike most of the eastern United States within a matter of minutes. For the next 13 days, the world held its breath as the Soviet Union and the United States confronted each other about missiles stationed in Cuba. While politicians sought a resolution to the standoff, no one was aware of the events taking place inside the Soviet submarine B-59 in the waters off the coast of Florida. President Kennedy decided against a direct attack on Cuba, opting instead for a blockade around the island to prevent Soviet ships from accessing it, which he announced on Oct. 22. He then presented the Soviets with an ultimatum, demanding that they remove the nuclear missiles from Cuba. In the words of John F. Kennedy administration staffer Arthur Schlesinger “It was the most dangerous moment in human history.” Through a series of tense negotiations over the coming days, the Americans and the Soviets worked out a deal to end the conflict. By Oct. 28, the Americans had agreed to remove their missiles from Turkey and the Soviets had agreed to remove their missiles from Cuba. Four Soviet submarines were sent on a mission known only to a handful of Communist party officials. Under their orders, each submarine was to travel 7,000 miles from a top-secret naval base in the Arctic Circle across the Atlantic to be permanently stationed in Mariel, Cuba, where they would serve as the vanguard of a Soviet force a mere 90 miles from mainland America. The commanders of each submarine had permission to act without direct orders from Moscow if they believed they were under threat. Each of the four subs was carrying what the Soviets called a ‘special weapon’, a single nuclear torpedo, comparable in strength to the bomb dropped on Hiroshima. The torpedo could be fired only if the submarine captain and political officer were in agreement. Soviet Naval officer Vasili Arkhipov, 34, was one of the three commanders aboard the B-59 submarine near Cuba on Oct. 27. They dove deep to conceal their presence after being spotted by the Americans and were thus cut off from communication with the surface. In hopes of relocating the sub, the U.S. Navy began dropping non-lethal depth charges in hopes of forcing the vessel to surface. What the U.S. Navy didn’t realize was that the B-59 was armed with a nuclear torpedo. Cut off from communication with the outside world, the panicked Soviet sailors feared that they were now under attack. From what little they knew of what was happening above the surface, it seemed possible that nuclear war had already broken out. With tensions running high and the air conditioning out, the conditions inside the sub had begun to deteriorate quickly as the crew grew ever more fearful. One of three captains on the B-59, Valentin Savitsky, decided that they had no choice but to launch their nuclear torpedo. Savitsky had his men ready the onboard missile, planning to aim it at one of the 11 U.S. ships in the blockade. However, Savitsky needed the approval of both of the sub’s other two captains before launching the weapon. The second captain, Ivan Maslennikov, approved the strike. But Vasili Arkhipov said no. Somehow keeping a level head in the midst of chaos, Vasili Arkhipov reportedly managed to convince Savitsky that the Americans were not actually attacking them and that they were only firing depth charges in order to get their attention and merely draw them to the surface. Vasili Arkhipov was right. The submarine surfaced and, satisfied that all-out war had not actually been taking place above, turned around and went on its way. Had Vasili Arkhipov not been there to prevent the torpedo launch, historians agree that nuclear war would likely have begun. “Had it been launched,” the Guardian wrote, “The fate of the world would have been very different: the attack would probably have started a nuclear war which would have caused global devastation, with unimaginable numbers of civilian deaths.” Vasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov remained in the Soviet Navy until the 1980s and eventually died at the age of 72 in 1998. His heroic moment during the Cuban Missile Crisis didn’t become public knowledge until 2002. It was then that former Soviet officer Vadim Orlov, who was on the B-59 with Arkhipov, revealed what had happened on that fateful day. In 2002, Thomas Blanton, who was then director of the US National Security Archive, said that Arkhipov “saved the world”. Sources: Allthatsinteresting.com, Kpbs.org

weapons_science

https://new.animaleveryday.com/2023/10/14/torpedownia-the-abandoned-wwii-era-torpedo-testing-site-in-poland/

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Situated 1,000 feet off the picturesque coast of Gdynia, Poland lies the remnants of a bygone era – the former torpedo testing complex known as Torpedownia. This site, steeped in historical significance, was once referred to as Torpedowaffenplatz Hexengrund by the German military during World War II. It served as a pivotal hub for both the Kriegsmarine and the Luftwaffe, playing a vital role in the development and testing of torpedoes. Today, this decaying relic teeters on the brink of collapse, perched precariously above the azure waters below. The onset of World War II in September 1939, marked by the German invasion of Poland, prompted an urgent need for self-reliance in torpedo technology. Prior to this, the German military had been reliant on torpedo imports from countries such as Italy and Japan. To address this vulnerability, the decision was made to establish a torpedo testing facility in the Bay of Puck, a western branch of the Bay of Gdańsk within the southern Baltic Sea. Two distinct testing platforms were erected in close proximity to each other. The more renowned of the two was Torpedowaffenplatz Hexengrund, known as “Torpedownia” to the Polish. The second facility, known as Torpedo Versuchsanstalt Oxhôlt, was colloquially referred to as “Formoza” and was located just 4-5 kilometers away. These facilities operated independently, sharing the utilization of a training ground and connected by a railway that snaked along the beach. Formoza served the Kriegsmarine’s torpedo testing needs, while Torpedownia was predominantly employed by the Luftwaffe. The latter boasted an impressive array of facilities, including a torpedo assembly hall, an observation and fire control tower, and two torpedo shafts from which torpedoes were launched for rigorous testing. A pier spanned the distance between the platform and the mainland, facilitating logistical operations. Torpedownia played a pivotal role in the development and testing of aerial torpedoes, which were designed to be dropped from aircraft such as Junkers Ju 52, Heinkel He 111, and Focke-Wulf Fw 190. The German F5b model, in service from the latter part of 1941 until the war’s conclusion, utilized a wooden K3 tail for trajectory control during flight. These torpedoes could also be launched from E-boats, the nimble attack craft of the Kriegsmarine. The assembly of these torpedoes involved transporting parts from the mainland to the facility via train. During the testing phase, these torpedoes were launched without live explosives, falling harmlessly into a net strategically placed between Torpedownia and Formoza. As the Red Army swiftly advanced towards the region in March-April 1945, German forces evacuated Torpedownia and Formoza, leaving these facilities under Soviet control. The Soviets disassembled the technical equipment within the facilities, relocating them to the USSR. Regrettably, it appears that these components were never reassembled or used, marking the end of their operational life. During their occupation of Torpedownia and Formoza, Soviet forces conducted military dive training and research activities. To deter unwanted visitors from crossing the bay to Torpedownia, the wooden pier was explosively demolished, with the remainder of its structure obliterated in the 1990s. Today, only the foundation of the pier stands as a testament to its former existence. In contemporary times, Formoza sees recurrent use by the Polish military for specialized diver training, with the military’s special forces divers named after the defunct German facility (officially known as Jednostka Wojskowa Formoza). The headquarters of these elite units can be found in Gdynia. Conversely, Torpedownia has largely been left to the ravages of time. Although it remains standing and is accessible to swimmers and boaters, it teeters on the edge of collapse. Visitors are advised to exercise caution when exploring this dilapidated platform, as it stands as a haunting relic of a tumultuous past, echoing the once-secretive world of torpedo testing during World War II.

weapons_science

https://www.thejournal.ie/defence-forces-le-samuel-beckett-arrived-in-cork-1440914-Apr2014/

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THE IRISH NAVY’S newest ship has arrived in Cork. The LÉ Samuel Beckett will remain at the Naval Base in Haulbowline until the middle of next month, when the commissioning ceremony will take place. Further work must be carried out on the 90 metre vessel before it is fit to enter service. It comes after several months of sea trials after the ship, worth almost €50 million, was refloated last November. She can carry a total crew of 54 and has an operational range of 11,000 kilometres, and will be joined by the LÉ James Joyce early next year. The LÉ Emer was decommissioned in September 2013, with the LÉ Aoife scheduled for September 2014. Both ships had been in operation with the Defence Forces since the late 1970s.

weapons_science

https://berezafire.info/the-ruger-ai-magazine-unleashing-precision-in-marksmanship/

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In the realm of precision shooting, the importance of reliable and high-performance accessories cannot be overstated. Enter the Ruger AI Magazine – a game-changer specifically designed for Ruger rifles, pushing the boundaries of marksmanship with its unparalleled performance and unwavering durability. Unveiling Unmatched Design and Functionality Setting itself apart from the competition, the Ruger AI Magazine boasts exceptional design and unwavering functionality. Flawless feeding is its hallmark, eliminating any interruptions between shooter and target. No more distractions – just a seamless shooting experience, allowing for uninterrupted focus and heightened performance. A standout feature of this magazine is its innovative construction, which eliminates the need for frequent manual reloading. This magazine caters to both novices and professionals, satisfying their need for uninterrupted focus and enhanced performance. Its enlarged opening enables rapid and efficient loading, saving precious seconds in fast-paced shooting competitions or hunts. The Indestructibility of Unyielding Durability Enabling exceptional performance, the Ruger AI Magazines stands tall due to its remarkable durability. Constructed with meticulous precision and top-tier materials, it withstands the trials of any shooting environment. Extreme weather conditions and rugged handling become inconsequential to its performance and reliability. The rugged exterior of the Ruger AI Magazines offers robust protection for internal components, ensuring unfaltering feeding and guarding against the menace of jamming. With this masterful durability, you can rest assured that the magazine is an unwavering companion during countless shooting sessions. Affordability Meets Versatility Remarkably, the Ruger AI Magazine’s exceptional features are accessible without breaking the bank. Ruger’s commitment to affordability and quality shines through in this extraordinary accessory. Whether you are an experienced marksman or an aspiring shooter, the Ruger AI Magazines delivers impeccable performance within budgetary bounds. Another captivating aspect of this magazine is its compatibility with various Ruger rifles. Seamlessly fitting into multiple models, it offers shooters unmatched versatility and unparalleled convenience. Whether you possess a Ruger Precision Rifle or a Ruger American Rifle, the Ruger AI Magazines elevates your shooting prowess. Embracing Marksmanship Excellence The Ruger AI Magazines has emerged as a true game-changer in the shooting sports industry, propelling shooters’ marksmanship skills to astonishing heights. Its unrivaled design, durability, affordability, and compatibility make it an indispensable accessory for individuals committed to precision shooting. Investing in the Ruger AI Magazines means investing in your marksmanship journey. Embrace its unrivaled performance and elevate your shooting experience by achieving enhanced accuracy and consistency on the range. Don’t settle for mediocrity when the Ruger AI Magazine can take your shooting skills to unparalleled excellence.

weapons_science

http://www.sfltimes.com/news/navy-awards-contract-for-9-additional-attack-submarines

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Groton, Conn. (AP) – The U.S. Navy has awarded a $22.2 billion contract for the construction of nine additional Virginia class submarines. The office of U.S. Sen. Jack Reed of Rhode Island on Monday announced the contract for General Dynamics’ Electric Boat in Connecticut and Huntington Ingalls Industries Inc. in Virginia, the two companies that have been building the attack submarines in partnership. The submarines included in the latest contract are to be delivered to the Navy between 2025 and 2029. They also will be slightly larger and have additional capabilities compared with earlier Virginia class submarines. The newer subs will weigh about 10,200 tons and have a length of 460 feet. Reed’s office says the contract includes an option for a tenth submarine that could raise the contract value above $24 billion.

weapons_science

https://gunzillablog.wordpress.com/2014/10/14/sks-rifles/

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The SKS is a Soviet semi-automatic carbine chambered for the 7.62×39mm round, designed in 1943 by Sergei Gavrilovich Simonov. Its complete designation, SKS-45, is an initialism for Samozaryadnyj Karabin sistemy Simonova, or SKS 45. In the early 1950s, the Soviets took the SKS carbine out of front-line service and replaced it with the AK-47; however, the SKS remained in second-line service for decades. It is still used as a ceremonial arm today. The SKS was widely exported, and was also produced by some former Eastern Bloc nations as well as China, where it was designated the “Type 56”, East Germany as the Karabiner S and in North Korea as the “Type 63”. The SKS is currently popular on the civilian surplus market in many countries, including the United States, Canada and New Zealand. It was one of the first weapons chambered for the 7.62×39mm M43 round, which was also used later in the AK-47. The SKS has a conventional layout, with a wooden stock and rifle grip. The SKS is a gas-operated weapon that has a spring-loaded bolt carrier and a gas piston rod that work the action via gas pressure pushing against them. Also, it has a “tilting bolt” action locking system. The SKS is shorter and less powerful than the semi-automatic rifles that preceded it, such as the Soviet SVT-40. However, the SKS has a 4-inch longer barrel than AK-series rifles, which replaced it; as a result, it has a slightly higher muzzle velocity. The SKS’s ten-round box magazine is fed from a stripper clip and rounds stored in the magazine can be removed by depressing a magazine catch located forward of the trigger guard (thus opening the “floor” of the magazine and allowing the rounds to fall out). In typical military use the stripper clips are disposable. If necessary they can be reloaded multiple times and reused. While early Soviet models had spring-loaded firing pins, most variants of the SKS have a free floating firing pin within the bolt. Because of this design, care must be taken during cleaning (especially after long storage) to ensure that the firing pin does not stick in the forward position within the bolt. SKS firing pins that are stuck in the forward position have been known to cause accidental “slamfires” (uncontrolled automatic fire that empties the magazine, starting when the bolt is released). This behavior is less likely with the hard primer military-spec ammo for which the SKS was designed, but as with any rifle users should properly maintain their firearms. For collectors, slamfires are more likely when the bolt still has remnants of Cosmoline embedded in it. The firing pin is triangular in cross section, and slamfires can also result if the firing pin is inserted upside down. Almost as soon as the SKS was brought into service, it was made obsolete for Soviet purposes by the new AK-47. However, it found a long second life in the service of the Chinese army, who found it well suited to their own style of warfare, the “People’s War” whose main actors were highly mobile, self-reliant guerrilla bands and rural militias protecting their own villages. In People’s War the emphasis was on long-range sniping, spoiling attacks, and ambushes, and for this the Chinese army preferred its version of the SKS (the Type 56 carbine) to the AK pattern. Many surplus SKS rifles were disposed of in the 1990s, and photographs and stories exist of SKS rifles used by guerrilla fighters in Bosnia, Somalia and throughout Africa and Southeast Asia during the 1990s and well into the 21st century. Several African, Asian, and Middle Eastern armies still use the SKS Nations that utilized the SKS but did not receive manufacturing rights included Afghanistan, Congo, Indonesia, Iraq, Laos, Lebanon, Mongolia, Morocco, the United Arab Republic (Egypt), and the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen. The SKS is popular on the civilian surplus market, especially in Canada and the United States. Because of their historic and novel nature, Soviet and European SKS carbines are classified by the BATF as “Curio & Relic” items under U.S. law, allowing them to be sold with features that might otherwise be restricted. Chinese manufactured rifles, even the rare early “Sino-Soviet” examples, are not so classified, though the “Sino-Soviet” rifles qualify for automatic Curio & Relic status due to being manufactured over 50 years ago. Because of the massive size of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, over 8 million Chinese SKS rifles were manufactured during their 20 years of use making the Chinese SKS one of the most mass-produced military rifles of all time although still far behind its successor the AK-47. In Canada, the large flux of imported SKS rifles has driven prices down to around $200–$300 per Russian SKS. The Chinese Norinco SKS can be bought for slightly less. As with most military surplus rifles, they are coated in cosmoline for the preservation of the firearm while under storage for decades at a time. Along with a large supply of bulk 7.62 x 39 surplus ammunition, SKS rifles have become a popular firearm for civilian ownership. In Australia, the Chinese SKS rifle (along with the Soviet SKS rifle) was very popular with recreational hunters and target shooters during the 1980s and early 1990s before semi-automatic rifles were restricted from legal ownership in 1996. Since the introduction of the 1996 gun restrictions in Australia, the Mosin-Nagant series of bolt-action rifles and carbines have now filled the void created when the SKS was restricted from legal ownership. In the early 1990s, the Chinese SKS rapidly became the “poor man’s deer rifle” in some Southern areas of the United States due to its low price, lower even than such old favorites in that role as the Marlin 336. Importation of the Chinese SKS into the U.S.A. was banned in 1994. The carbine’s integral 10-round magazine is not an issue in those states and nations which prohibit higher-capacity magazines, except Canada, and New Zealand. In the case for Canada, the SKS is classified as a non-restricted firearm and the magazine must be pinned to five rounds or the rifles must be retrofitted with five-shot magazines, while New Zealand’s arm code states that an A class center fire, self-loading rifle must have no more than seven rounds in the magazine (this only applies to guns on an a-cat licence, those on an e-cat have no magazine limit). Where higher capacity magazines are legally permitted, there are a number of secondary market vendors that sell higher capacity magazines of up to 30 rounds (or more). These secondary market magazines may be installed by first removing the fixed OEM magazine (a process that involves the removal of the trigger group assembly with a pin punch, screwdriver, bullet-tip, or similar device). However, although the 7.62x39mm round is generally compared to the American Winchester .30-30, many states have laws against hunting rifles with magazines of more than five rounds. Magazine plugs limiting the magazine to five rounds must be used for hunting in these states.

weapons_science

https://zeeznews.com/index.php/2022/06/23/n-korea-talks-of-new-army-duties-suggest-nuclear-deployment-world-news/

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By HYUNG-JIN KIM, Related Press SEOUL, South Korea (AP) — North Korea mentioned assigning extra duties to front-line military items at a key army assembly, state media mentioned Thursday, a transfer that analysts mentioned signifies it plans to deploy battlefield nuclear weapons focusing on South Korea alongside the rivals’ tense border. Whereas a lot worldwide consideration has targeted on North Korea’s testing of intercontinental ballistic missiles probably able to reaching the U.S. mainland, it’s also creating quite a lot of nuclear-capable short-range missiles that may goal South Korea. South Korean officers not too long ago mentioned that North Korea has accomplished preparations for its first take a look at of a nuclear explosive machine in 5 years, a part of a doable effort to construct warheads able to being mounted on short-range missiles. Throughout an ongoing assembly of the Central Navy Fee of North Korea’s ruling Employees’ Social gathering, chief Kim Jong Un and different prime army officers mentioned on Wednesday “the work of moreover confirming the operation duties of the front-line items of the Korean Individuals’s Military and modifying the operation plans,” in line with the official Korean Central Information Company. Political Cartoons on World Leaders Kim additionally ordered steps to “improve the operational capabilities of the front-line items,” KCNA mentioned. A KCNA photograph confirmed what gave the impression to be a big map of the Korean Peninsula’s jap coast, together with border websites, standing close to the convention desk. Though there was no public point out of tactical nuclear weapons, “I can assess that the problems of forward-deploying tactical nuclear weapons and the modification of associated operational plans and army group reshuffles have been mentioned in an in-depth method” on the assembly, mentioned Cheong Seong-Chang, a senior analyst at South Korea’s non-public Sejong Institute. Cheong mentioned North Korea’s push to deploy nuclear weapons at front-line items was anticipated because it mentioned in April that its new tactical weapons would considerably increase the items’ assault capability and the environment friendly operation of tactical nuclear weapons. A KCNA report on April 17 on the test-launch of what it referred to as a brand new sort of tactical guided weapon mentioned it has “nice significance in drastically bettering the firepower of the front-line long-range artillery items, enhancing the effectivity within the operation of (North Korea’s) tactical nukes and diversification of their firepower missions.” Later in April, Kim mentioned North Korea may preemptively use nuclear weapons if threatened, saying they might “by no means be confined to the only mission of battle deterrent” in conditions wherein the nation faces exterior threats to its “elementary pursuits.” The potential of North Korea having an escalatory nuclear doctrine may pose higher concern for South Korea, Japan and the USA. North Korea has described a few of its different short-range nuclear-capable missiles examined in recent times as tactical weapons, which consultants say communicates a risk to proactively use them throughout typical warfare to blunt the stronger typical forces of South Korea and the USA. Kim Jun-rak, a spokesperson for South Korea’s Joint Chiefs of Workers, advised reporters Thursday that it’s intently monitoring North Korean actions however didn’t elaborate. South Korea’s Unification Ministry, which abroad relations with North Korea, mentioned the North will doubtless enhance its army threats in opposition to South Korea, however didn’t elaborate. Kim convened the Central Navy Fee assembly earlier this week to verify “essential and pressing duties” to broaden the nation’s army capabilities and implement key protection insurance policies, state media mentioned. Cheong, the analyst, mentioned North Korea is predicted to conduct its seventh nuclear take a look at after the assembly, noting that its third nuclear take a look at in 2013 additionally got here days after one other Central Navy Fee assembly. This 12 months, North Korea has test-launched about 30 missiles in what some consultants name an try and broaden its arsenal and enhance its leverage in future negotiations with the USA to win sanctions reduction and different concessions. The weapons examined embrace an ICBM. Analysts say North Korea must grasp missile reentry capabilities and different applied sciences to make a functioning long-range weapon. There have been indicators of an impending North Korean nuclear take a look at for weeks. South Korean officers mentioned the take a look at has been delayed by North Korea’s persevering with COVID-19 outbreak and opposition from China, its final main ally and largest help supplier. Gained In-Choul, chairman of South Korea’s Joint Chiefs of Workers, held a video convention on Thursday along with his American counterpart, Gen. Mark Milley, and mentioned a North Korean ICBM take a look at or nuclear take a look at explosion may happen at any time, his workplace mentioned in a press release. It mentioned Milley responded that the U.S. dedication to the protection of South Korea stays “iron-clad.” South Korean and U.S. officers have warned North Korea that it’ll face penalties if it goes forward with a nuclear take a look at. However divisions between the everlasting members of the U.N. Safety Council make prospects for extra worldwide sanctions on North Korea unclear. Earlier this 12 months, Russia and China vetoed U.S.-sponsored resolutions that may have elevated sanctions, insisting that Washington ought to concentrate on reviving dialogue. Related Press author Kim Tong-hyung contributed to this report. Copyright 2022 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This materials might not be revealed, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

weapons_science

http://cmhg.gc.ca/cmh-pmc/image-485-eng.aspx?page=535

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Caption: Elevating screw, brass six-pounder gun, 1793-1860 The use of an elevating screw was an innovation of the French Gribeauval artillery system. The screw was a much more precise and rapid way to raise or lower the gun's breech when aiming than the mechanism it replaced - a triangular wooden block. Elevating screws were introduced in the last third of the 18th century and adopted by all armies for their light calibre field guns. Shown here is a British brass six-pounder gun on a reproduction block-trail field carriage, found at Fort George National Historic Site, Niagara-on-the-Lake. - Date modified:

weapons_science

https://www.wmdt.com/2017/11/some-local-lawmakers-among-senate-group-responsible-for-proposed-assault-weapons-ban/

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Some local lawmakers among senate group responsible for proposed assault weapons ban Some local lawmakers are among a group of over 20 Senators who introduced an assault weapons ban in the nation's capitol, on Thursday. A group of 23 U.S. Senators apparently introduced the Assault Weapons Ban of 2017, in Washington, D.C. The bill will reportedly ban the sale, transfer, manufacture and importation of military-style assault weapons and high-capacity ammunition magazines. Lawmakers list the following breakdown of provisions of the bill: • Bans the sale, manufacture, transfer and importation of 205 military-style assault weapons by name. Owners can keep existing weapons. • Bans any assault weapon that accepts a detachable ammunition magazine and has one or more military characteristics, including a pistol grip, a forward grip, a barrel shroud, a threaded barrel or a folding or telescoping stock. Owners can keep existing weapons. • Bans magazines and other ammunition feeding devices that hold more than 10 rounds of ammunition, which allow shooters to quickly fire many rounds without needing to reload. Owners can keep existing magazines. Exemptions to bill: • The bill exempts by name more than 2,200 guns for hunting, household defense or recreational purposes. This list will be updated to include additional weapons. • The bill includes a grandfather clause that exempts all weapons lawfully possessed at the date of enactment. • Requires a background check on any future sale, trade or gifting of an assault weapon covered by the bill. • Requires that grandfathered assault weapons are stored using a secure gun storage or safety device like a trigger lock. • Prohibits the transfer of high-capacity ammunition magazines. • Bans bump-fire stocks and other devices that allow semi-automatic weapons to fire at fully automatic rates. In a statement, U.S. Senator Tom Carper says, "Congress cannot ignore our country's gun violence epidemic. The names of too many American communities and cities—from Sutherland Springs to Las Vegas, Orlando to San Bernardino, Newtown to Aurora—invoke painful memories of murder and mayhem inflicted by these deadly weapons. In the wake of these tragedies, it's time to renew the ban on military-style assault weapons. These deadly weapons were designed for the battlefield—they have no place in our neighborhoods." Delmarva Senators included in the group of 23 lawmakers include U.S. Senator Ben Cardin (D-Md.), U. S. Senator Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.) , and U.S. Senator Tom Carper (D-Del.).

weapons_science

https://www.overdriveonline.com/gear/product/14867877/american-heritage-firearms-personalized-revolver-for-truckers

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American Heritage Firearms designed its American Trucker personalized revolver as a unique way for industry executives and owner-operators alike to recognize employees and special business associates. Using the new Ruger Super Blackhawk chambered in .44 Mag., the American Trucker is plated with true 24-karat gold and engraved intricately with fine art specific to the American truck driver. The fully functional revolver retains the solid frame, feel and comfortable grip of all big Ruger single-actions. Appealing to collectors, handgun hunters and long-range competitors, it features Ruger’s patented transfer bar safety system, an all-coil spring mechanism, adjustable sights and a frame-mounted firing pin. Ample space is provided for personalizing each with the name of a business and an employee or associate. American Heritage Firearms, www.americanheritagefirearms.com, 970-294-2381 or 970-672-7311

weapons_science

https://thesandiegodigest.com/austal-usa-delivers-17th-littoral-combat-ship-that-will-be-based-in-san-diego/

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Independence-class littoral combat ships at Naval Base San Diego. Photo by Chris Jennewein Austal USA, a defense contractor with a growing presence in San Diego, announced Friday it has delivered the 16th Independence-class littoral combat ship to the Navy. The future USS Santa Barbara is a futuristic, trimaran warship that will be based in San Diego after it is commissioned. The ship is 418 feet in length, armed with guns, missiles and helicopters, and can reach speeds of over 50 mph. While the Navy wants to decommission some of the Freedom-class monohull littoral ships based on the the East Coast, the ships in San Diego aren’t affected. Austal’s shipyard is in Mobile, AL, but the Australian-based company recently secured long-term leases for a 15-acre ship repair facility adjacent to Naval Base San Diego. Th company is currently building three more littoral ships, with the USS Augusta just launched and the future USS Kingsville and USS Pierre under construction. Also under contract for the Navy are Expeditionary Fast Transports and Navajo-class Towing, Salvage, and Rescue Ships, as well as a new floating dry dock.

weapons_science

https://theantimedia.com/us-warns-turkey-s-400s/

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(MEMO) – The US warned of “grave consequences” Friday if Turkey purchases the Russian S-400 missile defense system because it could affect the deal for F-35 fighter jets and the Patriot missile system, Anadolu Agency reports. Pentagon spokesman Charles Summers told reporters Turkey’s decision to accept the Russian defense system “would mean that they would not have access to the Patriots and the F-35s. “If Turkey takes the S400s there will be grave consequences in terms of our military relationship with them and with the Patriots and the F-35s,” Summers said. He did not provide any additional consequences. Earlier this week, Gen. Curtis Scaparrotti told a Senate committee he hopes Turkey would reconsider its decision to purchase the S-400 system. Scaparrotti, who also serves as NATO’s top commander, pointed to several problems the Russian system poses, including lack of interoperability with NATO systems and said the S-400 is “a problem to all of our aircraft, but specifically the F-35, I believe.” After protracted efforts to purchase air defense systems from the US with no success, Ankara decided in 2017 to buy Russian S-400 air defense systems. The move was criticized by the Pentagon, which warned that purchasing the S-400 would hurt Turkish-US relations and Turkey’s role in NATO. Washington has cautioned the S-400 system might covertly obtain critical information on the advanced fighter jets, including their detection range, which could then be relayed to Russia. But Turkish officials said Ankara would not go back on its agreement with Russia, even if it were to also buy the Patriot system. Turkish Defense Minister Hulusi Akar stressed Ankara purchasing the S-400s from Russia is “not a choice but a necessity.” Turkey’s Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu said last week Ankara and Washington have begun negotiating the potential purchase of Patriot missile defense systems from the US. The State Department approved in December a possible $3.5 billion sale of Patriot systems to Turkey that includes advanced radar systems, control centers, launching systems, and guided missiles. Ankara is planning to purchase 100 F-35 fighter jets from the US pending congressional approval, and its pilots are currently training on the weapons platform at Luke Air Force Base in Arizona. Turkish firms also supply the F-35 program with key components, including airframe structures and assemblies, and the center fuselages. On Wednesday, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said Ankara finalized a deal on purchasing the S-400 missile system from Russia, and that in the future “we may work with S-500s,” the next-generation Russian missile system. Akar added starting this October, the S-400 systems will be installed in Turkey, adding that the Turkish Air Force is working on where to deploy the missiles. This article was chosen for republication based on the interest of our readers. Anti-Media republishes stories from a number of other independent news sources. The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not reflect Anti-Media editorial policy. Since you’re here… …We have a small favor to ask. Fewer and fewer people are seeing Anti-Media articles as social media sites crack down on us, and advertising revenues across the board are quickly declining. However, unlike many news organizations, we haven’t put up a paywall because we value open and accessible journalism over profit — but at this point, we’re barely even breaking even. Hopefully, you can see why we need to ask for your help. Anti-Media’s independent journalism and analysis takes substantial time, resources, and effort to produce, but we do it because we believe in our message and hope you do, too. If everyone who reads our reporting and finds value in it helps fund it, our future can be much more secure. For as little as $1 and a minute of your time, you can support Anti-Media. Thank you. Click here to support us

weapons_science