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<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turmeric and Pest or Disease name is Skipper butterfly and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Cutting and destroying the rolled leaves along with the larva Setup light trap at the rate 1peracre Biological Control measures = Release Trichogramma chilonis at the rate 1 lakh per acre (20,000 per release for 5 times at the rate weekly interval starting from one month after planting). Spray Bacillus thuringiensis formulation at the rate 2 gram per litre of water Spray Beauveria bassiana at the rate 5 gram per litre of water Chemical Control measures = Spray Chlorpyrifos 20 Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate 2 millilitres per litre of water Emmamectin Benzoat the ratee 5 Suspension concentrate at the rate 0.3 grams per litre of water Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 Suspension concentrate at the rate 0.3 millilitres per litre of water Flubendiamide 39.35 Suspension concentrate at the rate 0.3 millilitres per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turmeric and Pest or Disease name is Thrips and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Uproot and destroy the infested plants Field selected should be clean and free from other host plants and weeds. Grow 4to5 roWater soluble of maize or sorghum thickly around the crop. Use blue sticky traps 4to5peracre Use mulch and reflective materials in the field to reduce the incidence. Biological Control measures = Predators such as green lacewings, predatory mites (Phytoseiulus persimilis) and predatory thrips should be encouraged Release larvae of Chrysoperla zastrowi at the rate 4,000 per acre Verticillium lecani (Lecanicillium) at the rate 2 millilitres per Litre of water Chemical Control measures = Seed treatement with imidacloprid 48 Flowable concentrate at the rate 10 grams per kilogram seed Before planting, Spray the seedlings with 0.3 millilitres imidacloprid 17.8 Soluble liquid per litre of water Dip the roots of seedlings in solution prepared by mixing 0.3 millilitres imidacloprid 200 Soluble liquid per litre of water for 5 minutes Spray Imidacloprid 17.8 Soluble liquid at 0.3 millilitres per litre of water Thiamethoxam 25 Wettable granule at the rate 0.3 grams per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turmeric and Pest or Disease name is White grub and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Deep summer ploughing to expose the immature stages for avian (bird) predation Collection and destruction of adult beetles immedietly after emergence (may to june) on neem plants Biological Control measures = Apply Metarrhizium anisopliae at the rate 2 millilitres per litre of water along with Farm yard manure Conserve and augment entomopathogenic nematodes such as Heterorhabditis spp. and Steinernema spp. at the rate 0.5 billion infective juveniles (IJs)per acre Chemical Control measures = Application of phorate at the rate 10 Granule at the rate 15 kilogram per acre or before onset of southeast monsoon (May) and after the monsoon (Sep to October) Drenching soil with insecticide like chloropyrifos 20 Emulsifiable concentrate at 7 to 8 millilitres per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turnip and Pest or Disease name is Alternaria leaf spot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and burn the infected plant parts to minimize the spread of the disease. Prune tree skirts to 50 cm above the ground. This will minimise humidity in canopy and ensure optimum spray coverage. Biological Control measures = Seed treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens @4g/kg seed Soil application of Trichoderma viridae @ 1 Kg / acre + 20 Kg of well decomposed FYM or sand at 30 days after sowing. Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Tebuconazole 6.7% + Captan 26.9% w/w SC 2.5ml/litre of water Spraying of Metiram 44% + Dimethomorph 9% WG 100g/100 litre of water Spraying of Hexaconazole 4% + Zineb 68% WP 25g/10 litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turnip and Pest or Disease name is Anthracnose and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Crop rotation with non-host crops Stake plants to improve air circulation and to reduce leaf and fruit wetness Mulch to reduce soil splash onto fruit and lower leaves Minimize or avoid overhead irrigation to reduce periods of wetness on fruit Avoid sprinkler irrigation method Biological Control measures = Foliar spray of Bacillus subtilis @ 3ml per litre of water Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment with Thiram 37.5%WS 3g/kg seeds Spray Carbendazim 50% WP @ 300g/600lwater Spray Metalaxy 31.8% ES + Mancozeb 65% WP @ 04-05g/acre Spray Metirum 55% + Pyraclostrobin 5% WG @3.0 g/l water Immerse fruit in clean and fresh water containing 120 ppm Chlorine. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turnip and Pest or Disease name is Aphid and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Field selected should be clean and free from other host plants and weeds. Install yellow sticky traps @10/acre Reflective mulches such as silver colored plastic can deter aphids from feeding on plants Biological Control measures = Inundative release of ladybird beetles @ 100 pairs per acre at fortnightly intervals can suppress the aphid population. Chemical Control measures = Spray Tolfenpyrad @ 1 ml/ltre Spray Flonicamid 50 % WP @ 1 gm/ltre Spray Cyantraniliprole 10.26 % OD @ 0.9 ml/ltre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turnip and Pest or Disease name is Black root and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Uproot and destroy the infested plants Control depends on crop rotation with non-brassica species Biological Control measures = Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 4kg/Kg seed Chemical Control measures = Soil drenching with Copper Oxychloride 50%WP @ 2.5g/litre of water Drenching with Carbendazim 50WP @ 1 gm/ litre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turnip and Pest or Disease name is Black rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Uproot and destroy the infested plants Destroy weeds such as wild mustard and shepherd’s purse and other cruciferous weeds near mustard and turnip fields. Biological Control measures = Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 1 Kg / acre + 20 Kg of well decomposed FYM or sand at 30 days after sowing. Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment with Thiram @ 2 g/kg of seeds Drenching with Carbendazim 50WP @ 1 gm/ litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turnip and Pest or Disease name is Cercospora leaf spot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Use certified seeds for cultivation Collect and burn the infected plant parts to minimize the spread of the disease. Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Coppper oxy chloride 50% WP @2.5g/l Spray Picoxystrobin 22.52%SC @ 400ml in 500l water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turnip and Pest or Disease name is Club root and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Plant in pathogen-free fields. Long rotations (three years or longer) help prevent a pathogen buildup and can reduce disease if susceptible weedy hosts are managed throughout the rotation. Biological Control measures = Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 4kg/Kg seed Chemical Control measures = Soil drenching with Copper Oxychloride 50%WP @ 2.5g/litre of water Drenching with Carbendazim 50WP @ 1 gm/ litre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turnip and Pest or Disease name is Damping off and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Used raised bed Provide light, but frequent irrigation for better drainage Biological Control measures = Treat the seeds with Trichoderma asperellum @ 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg of seeds 24 hours before sowing Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 1 kg/acre with 50 kg of FYM. Chemical Control measures = Drench with Copper oxychloride 0.2% (2 ml in 1000 ml of water). Spraying of Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP 5kg/1000 litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turnip and Pest or Disease name is Downy mildew and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Soil solarization : Cover the beds with polythene sheet of 45 gauge (0.45mm) thicknessfor 3 weeks before sowing will reduce soil borne diseases Irrigating overhead is avoided, late in the morning is recommended Biological Control measures = Apply Trichoderma viridae @2.5kg/acre along with FYM Chemical Control measures = Spray Zineb 75%WP 600-800g in 300-400ml water /acre Spray Cymoxinil 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP @ 3g/l water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turnip and Pest or Disease name is Flea beetle and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and destroy the adult beetles Rake the soil below the tree to expose pupae and grubs Biological Control measures = Soil application of neem cake @ 100kg/acre. Spray Azadirachtin 1.0 % EC (10000 ppm) @ 2.0 ml/ litre of water Chemical Control measures = Spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3ml per litre of water Flubendiamide 39.35 SC @ 0.3ml per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turnip and Pest or Disease name is Root maggot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Uproot and destroy the infested plants Avoid planting root crops in same area the following year Remove and destroy all crop debris Use of floating row covers can dramatically reduce damage to crops by preventing female flies from laying eggs Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Application of phorate 10G @ 15kg/ acre - before onset of southeast monsoon (May) and after the monsoon (Sep-October) Drenching soil with insecticide like chloropyrifos 20EC@ 7-8ml/litre of watre Spray Fipronil 5SC @ 2ml litre of water Cypermethrin 25EC @ 0.5ml litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turnip and Pest or Disease name is Sclerotinia rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Crop rotation with non host crop like wheat, barley etc. Avoid planting next to a field that had severe Sclerotinia in the past four or five years. Plant thoroughly cleaned seed. Biological Control measures = Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 1 Kg / acre + 20 Kg of well decomposed FYM or sand at 30 days after sowing. Soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 1 Kg / acre + 20 Kg of well decomposed FYM or sand at 30 days after sowing. Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Tebuconazole 6.7% + Captan 26.9% w/w SC 2.5ml/litre of water Spraying of Metiram 44% + Dimethomorph 9% WG 100g/100 litre of water Spraying of Hexaconazole 4% + Zineb 68% WP 25g/10 litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turnip and Pest or Disease name is Turnip mosaic virus and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Field selected should be clean and free from other host plants and weeds. Install yellow sticky traps @10/acre Reflective mulches such as silver colored plastic can deter aphids from feeding on plants Biological Control measures = Inundative release of ladybird beetles @ 100 pairs per acre at fortnightly intervals can suppress the aphid population. The ladybird beetles (Menochilus sexmaculata and Coccinella septumpunctata) and green lacewings (Chrysoperla zastrowi) are efficient predators of aphids. . Spray Verticillium lecani (Lecanicillium) @ 2-3 ml/ Litre of Water Chemical Control measures = Spray Tolfenpyrad @ 1 ml/ltre Spray Flonicamid 50 % WP @ 1 gm/ltre Spray Cyantraniliprole 10.26 % OD @ 0.9 ml/ltre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turnip and Pest or Disease name is White spot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and burn the infected plant parts to minimize the spread of the disease. Crop rotation with non host crop like wheat, barley etc. Control broad-leaved weeds. Biological Control measures = Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 4kg/Kg seed Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 1 Kg / acre + 20 Kg of well decomposed FYM or sand at 30 days after sowing. Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Tebuconazole 6.7% + Captan 26.9% w/w SC 2.5ml/litre of water Spraying of Metiram 44% + Dimethomorph 9% WG 100g/100 litre of water Spraying of Hexaconazole 4% + Zineb 68% WP 25g/10 litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Turnip and Pest or Disease name is Wire worm and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Crop rotation with non-host crops and avoid potato, soybean, eggplant & cucurbit Summer ploughing to expose pupae to sunlight and natural enemies Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Application of phorate 10G @ 15kg/ acre - before onset of southeast monsoon (May) and after the monsoon (Sep-October) Drenching soil with insecticide like chloropyrifos 20EC@ 7-8ml/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Walnut and Pest or Disease name is Anthracnose and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Rake and destroy fallen leaves and nuts. Prune off infected twigs and branches, if practical. Maintain adequate nitrogen fertility. Biological Control measures = Foliar spray of Bacillus subtilis @ 3ml per litre of water Chemical Control measures = Spray Carbendazim 50% WP @ 300g/600lwater Spray Metalaxy 31.8% ES + Mancozeb 65% WP @ 04-05g/acre Spray Metirum 55% + Pyraclostrobin 5% WG @3.0 g/l water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Walnut and Pest or Disease name is Armillaria root rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Planting resistant rootstocks is the most effective method Avoid physical damage to roots, soil compaction in the root zone, and addition of soil on top of the existing grade Biological Control measures = Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 1 Kg / acre + 20 Kg of well decomposed FYM or sand at 30 days after sowing. Chemical Control measures = Drench with Copper oxychloride 0.2% (2 ml in 1000 ml of water). Drenching with Carbendazim 50WP @ 1 gm/ litre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Walnut and Pest or Disease name is Cherry leaf roll virus and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and destroy the affected leaves Biological Control measures = An extract of asafoetida, turmeric and water is eff ective against several plant pathogens including nematodes. Chemical Control measures = Application of carbofuran 3G @ 15kg/acre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Walnut and Pest or Disease name is Codling moth and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Apart from aforesaid practices, regular monitoring is mandatory for moths For codling moth: Use synthetic codling month for mating disruption at a height of 6-8 feet or Dispensers should be deployed within 1 meter of the top of the canopy prior to spring emergence during late May to 3rd week of July Biological Control measures = Release Trichogramma chilonis @ 1 lakh /acre (20,000 per release for 5 times at weekly interval starting from one month after planting). Spray Bacillus thuringiensis formulation @ 2g/litre of water Spray Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/litre of water Chemical Control measures = Spray Chlorpyrifos 20EC @ 2ml per litre of water Emmamectin Benzoate 5Sc @ 0.3g per litre of water Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3ml per litre of water Flubendiamide 39.35 SC @ 0.3ml per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Walnut and Pest or Disease name is Crown gall and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Avoid injury to the plants Purchase disease-free stock plants Biological Control measures = Use of Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 or K1026 reported successful Chemical Control measures = Application of Kasugamycin 5% + copper oxychloride 45% WP @ 750g /500-1000 litre of water Spray Streptocycline sulphate 9 % + Tetracycline Hydrochloride 1 % SP @ 0.2 g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Walnut and Pest or Disease name is Grey weevil and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collection and destruction of infested and fallen fruits at weekly interval till fruit harvest Ploughing of orchard after harvest to expose hibernating adults, reduce, infestation levels Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Drench the soil with Chlorpyrifos 4ml/l or Fenthion 100 EC at 2 ml/l of water Spray Spinosad 45SC @0.3ml/litre or fipronil 5 SC @2ml/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Walnut and Pest or Disease name is Gypsy moth and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and destroy the infested plant parts Setup light trap at 1/acre Soil application of neem cake @ 100kg/acre. Spray Azadirachtin 1.0 % EC (10000 ppm) @ 2.0 ml/ litre of water Biological Control measures = Release Trichogramma pretiosum @1 lakh /acre (20,000 per release for 5 times at weekly interval starting from flower initiation stage. Spray Bacillus thuringiensis formulation @ 2g/L Spray Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/litre of water Chemical Control measures = Spray Chlorpyrifos 20EC @ 2ml per litre of water Emmamectin Benzoate 5Sc @ 0.3g per litre of water Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3ml per litre of water Flubendiamide 39.35 SC @ 0.3ml per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Walnut and Pest or Disease name is Leaf roller and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Cutting and destroying the rolled leaves along with the larva Setup light trap at 1/acre Biological Control measures = Release Trichogramma chilonis @ 1 lakh /acre (20,000 per release for 5 times at weekly interval starting from one month after planting). Spray Bacillus thuringiensis formulation @ 2g/litre of water Spray Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/litre of water Chemical Control measures = Spray Chlorpyrifos 20EC @ 2ml per litre of water Emmamectin Benzoate 5Sc @ 0.3g per litre of water Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3ml per litre of water Flubendiamide 39.35 SC @ 0.3ml per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Walnut and Pest or Disease name is Phytophthora crown rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Remove all the affected tissue of the crown region Biological Control measures = Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 1 Kg / acre + 20 Kg of well decomposed FYM or sand at 30 days after sowing. Chemical Control measures = Drench with Copper oxychloride 0.2% (2 ml in 1000 ml of water).. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Walnut and Pest or Disease name is Powdery mildew and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and destroy the affected plant parts Remove the dead branches and burn them Biological Control measures = Amphelomyces quisqalis microbial fungicide powder @1 kg/acre or liquid 1l/acre Chemical Control measures = Spray Carbendazim 50%WP @120 g in 240 l of water Azoxystrobin 23% SC @ 1ml/ litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Walnut and Pest or Disease name is San jose scale and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and destroy the infested plant parts at initial stage of infestation Judicious use of Nitrogen fertilizer Soil application of neem cake @ 100kg/acre. Spray Azadirachtin 1.0 % EC (10000 ppm) @ 2.0 ml/ litre of water Biological Control measures = Inundative release of ladybird beetles @ 100 pairs per acre at fortnightly intervals can suppress the aphid population. Release larvae of Chrysoperla zastrowi @4,000/acre Spray Verticillium lecani (Lecanicillium) @ 2-3 ml/ Liter of Water Chemical Control measures = Spray Diafenthiuron 50WP @1g/litre of water Spray Acetamaprid 20SP 0.3g/litre of water Spray Imidacloprid 17.8SL @0.3ml /litre of water Spray Thiamethoxam 25wg @ 0.3g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Walnut and Pest or Disease name is Shot hole borer and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Attacked shoots should be clipped off and destroyed. Biological Control measures = Apply EPF Metarrhizium anisopliae @ 2-3ml/litre of water along with FYM Chemical Control measures = Swabbing of stem with Chlorpyrifos 20EC @ 2ml per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Walnut and Pest or Disease name is Stem borer and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Keep the orchard healthy following good agricultural practices. Kill the stem borer larvae by inserting a flexible wire inside the hole and plug the hole with the cotton wick soaked in petrol and seal it with mud Biological Control measures = Apply EPF Metarrhizium anisopliae @ 2-3ml/litre of water along with FYM Conserve and augment entomopathogenic nematodes such as Heterorhabditis spp. and Steinernema spp. @0.5 billion infective juveniles (IJs)/acre Chemical Control measures = Push cotton swab soaked in kerosene or petrol (10 ml) into the holes and close the holes with wet mud. Swabbing of stem with Chlorpyrifos 20EC @ 2ml per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Walnut and Pest or Disease name is Walnut blight and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Removal and destruction of crop debris. Practicing crop rotation helps to minimize the disease incidence. Provide irrigation at critical stages of the crop Avoid water logging Judicious use of fertilizers Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Streptocycline sulphate 9 % + Tetracycline Hydrochloride 1 % SP @ 20 g/acre Spray copper hydroxide 77 % WP @ 2 gm/litrere of water Application of Amisulbrom 20% SC 500ml/375-500 litre water Application of Valifenalate 6% + Mancozeb 60% WG 2-2.5kg/500 litre water Metiram 55% + Pyraclostrobin 5% WG 9-10.5kg/1500-1750 litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Watermelon and Pest or Disease name is Alternaria leaf spot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and burn the infected plant parts to minimize the spread of the disease. Prune tree skirts to 50 centimeter above the ground. This will minimise humidity in canopy and ensure optimum spray coverage. Biological Control measures = Seed treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens at the rate of 4 gram per kilogram of seeds Chemical Control measures = Spraying of Tebuconazole 6.7 percent + Captan 26.9 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 2.5 millilitre per litre of water Spraying of Metiram 44 percent + Dimethomorph 9 percent Wettable granules at the rate of 1 gram per 1 litre of water Spraying of Hexaconazole 4 percent + Zineb 68 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2.5 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Watermelon and Pest or Disease name is Anthracnose and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Crop rotation with non-host crops and avoid potato, soybean, eggplant and cucurbit Stake plants to improve air circulation and to reduce leaf and fruit wetness Mulch to reduce soil splash onto fruit and lower leaves Minimize or avoid overhead irrigation to reduce periods of wetness on fruit Avoid sprinkler irrigation method Biological Control measures = Foliar spray of Bacillus subtilis at the rate of 3 millilitre per litre of water Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment with carbendazim at 2 grams per kilogram seed Spray Carbendazim 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 0.5 gram per litre of water Spray Metiram 55 percent + Pyraclostrobin 5 percent Wettable granules at the rate of 3.0 gram per litre of water Immerse fruit in clean and fresh water containing 120 parts per million Chlorine. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Watermelon and Pest or Disease name is Aphid and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Uproot and destroy the infested plants Raise 4 rows of barrier crop such as maize per sorghum per bajra. Avoid planting tomatoes next to cucurbits, spinach, or other vegetables and flowers susceptible to these diseases Biological Control measures = Release 1st instar larvae of green lacewing (Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi) at the rate of 4,000 Nos per acre. Spraying with tobacco decoction (1kilogram tobacco boiled in 10 litre of water for 30 minutes and making up to 30 litre + 100 gram soap) Chemical Control measures = Spray Tolfenpyrad 15 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 2 millilitre per litre of water Spray Flonicamid 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 0.3 gram per litre of water Spray Cyantraniliprole 10.26 percent Oil dispersant at the rate of 1.2 millilitre per litre of water.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Watermelon and Pest or Disease name is Bud necrosis and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Uproot and destroy the infested plants Field selected should be clean and free from other host plants and weeds. Maintaining a clean buffer zone free of weeds of at least 25 meter between a virus source and a susceptible crop can considerably reduce virus levels Keep plants well irrigated, and avoid excessive applications of fertilizer, which may promote higher populations of thrips.nitrogen Grow 4 to 5 rows of maize or sorghum thickly around the crop. Biological Control measures = Predators such as green lacewings, predatory mites and predatory thrips should be encouraged Release larvae of Chrysoperla zastrowi at the rate of 4,000 per acre Verticillium lecani (Lecanicillium) at the rate of 2 to 3 millilitre per litre of water Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment with imidacloprid 48 percent Flowable concentrate at the rate of 10 millilitres per kilogram of seeds Before planting, Spray the seedlings with 0.3 millilitre imidacloprid 17.8 percent Soluble concentrate at the rate of 0.2 miliitres per litre of water Thiamethoxam 25 percent Wettable granules at the rate of 0.2 gram per litre of water . </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Watermelon and Pest or Disease name is Cucumber mosaic and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Uproot and destroy the infested plants Raise 4 rows of barrier crop such as maize per sorghum per bajra. Avoid planting tomatoes next to cucurbits, spinach, or other vegetables and flowers susceptible to these diseases Biological Control measures = Release 1st instar larvae of green lacewing (Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi) at the rate of 4,000 Nos per acre. Spraying with tobacco decoction (1 millilitre per litre of water tobacco boiled in 10 litre of water for 30 minutes and making up to 30 litre + 100 gram soap) Chemical Control measures = Spray Tolfenpyrad 15 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 2 millilitre per litre of water Spray Flonicamid 50 percent Wettable granules at the rate of 0.3 gram per litre of water Spray Cyantraniliprole 10.26 percent Oil dispersant at the rate of 1.8 millilitre per litre of water . </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Watermelon and Pest or Disease name is Downy mildew and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Soil solarization : Cover the beds with polythene sheet of 45 gauge (0.45 millimeter) thicknessfor 3 weeks before sowing will reduce soil borne diseases Irrigating overhead is avoided, late in the morning is recommended Biological Control measures = Apply Trichoderma viridae at the rate of 2.5 kilograms per acre along with Farm yard manure Chemical Control measures = Spray Zineb 75 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 gram per litre of water per acre Spray Cymoxinil 8 percent + Mancozeb 64 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 3 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Watermelon and Pest or Disease name is Fruit fly and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = In endemic areas, change the sowing dates as the fly population is low in hot dry conditions and at its peak during rainy season. Frequent raking of soil under the vine or plough the infested field after the crop to kill pupae. Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spraying the crop with indoxacarb 14.5 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.5 mililitres per litre of water at fruit formation per ripening is very effective. Profenofos 50 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre at fruit formation per ripening is very effective.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Watermelon and Pest or Disease name is Fusarium wilt and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and burn the infected plant Biological Control measures = Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride at the rate of 10 gram per kilogram of seeds Root zone application: Mix thoroughly 2.5 kilogram of the Trichoderma viride 1 percent Wettable powder in 150 kilogram of compost or farmyard manure and apply this mixture in the field after sowing per transplanting of crops Chemical Control measures = Drenching with Carbendazim 50 Wettable powder at the rate of 0.5 gram per litre of water Spot drenching with Copper Oxychloride 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 1 to 2 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Watermelon and Pest or Disease name is Leaf eating caterpillar and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Summer ploughing to expose pupae to sunlight and natural enemies Collect and destroy egg mass, leaves with gregarious early instar larvae and also grown up larvae Grow castor along border as trap crop Setup light trap at 1 per acre Biological Control measures = Release Trichogramma chilonis at the rate of 1 lakh per acre (20,000 per release for 5 times at weekly interval starting from one month after planting). Spray Bacillus thuringiensis formulation at the rate of 2 gram per litre of water Spray Beauveria bassiana at the rate of 5 gram per litre of water Chemical Control measures = Spray Chlorpyrifos 20 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 2 millilitre per litre of water Emmamectin Benzoate 5 percent Suspension granules at the rate of 0.4 gram per litre of water Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.3 millilitre per litre of water Flubendiamide 39.35 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.3 millilitre per litre of water . </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Watermelon and Pest or Disease name is Leaf miner and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Summer ploughing to expose pupae to sunlight and natural enemies Remove and destroy infested leaves in nursery and at the time of planting in open field Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Fipronil 5 percent Suspension concentrate at the rate of 1.6 millilitre per litre of water. Cypermethrin 25 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 0.3 millilitre per litre of water . </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Watermelon and Pest or Disease name is Powdery mildew and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and destroy the affected fruits Remove the dead branches and burn them Maintain proper plant spacing for good aeration Crop rotation with non-host crops and avoid potato, soybean, eggplant and cucurbit Biological Control measures = Amphelomyces quisqalis microbial fungicide powder at the rate of 5 gram per litre of water. Chemical Control measures = Spray Carbendazim 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 0.5 gram per litre of water Spray of Sulphur 80 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 4 gram per litre of water Application of Sulphur dust at the rate of 10 kilograms per acre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Watermelon and Pest or Disease name is Red pumpkin beetle and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Follow clean cultivation Follow early sowing, therefore the plant passes the cotyledon stage by the time the beetles become active. Biological Control measures = Apply Metarrhizium anisopliae at the rate of 2 to 3 millilitre per litre of water along with farm yard manure Conserve and augment entomopathogenic nematodes such as Heterorhabditis species and Steinernema species at the rate of 0.5 billion infective juveniles per acre Chemical Control measures = Drenching the soil with chlorpyrifos or fipronil at root zone to kill the grubs. Apply carbofuran 3 Grannules at 3 to 4 cm deep in the soil near the base of the plants just after germination and irrigate. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Watermelon and Pest or Disease name is Red spider mite and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and destroy the affected plant parts Varieties with dense trichomes and glandular trichomes are relatively resistant Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Fenazaquin 10 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 2.5 millilitre per litre of water Propargite 57 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 1.8 millilitre per litre of water (directing the spray on the ventral surface of leaves). </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Watermelon and Pest or Disease name is Thrips and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Uproot and destroy the infested plants Field selected should be clean and free from other host plants and weeds. Maintaining a clean buffer zone free of weeds of at least 25 meter between a virus source and a susceptible crop can considerably reduce virus levels Keep plants well irrigated, and avoid excessive applications of fertilizer, which may promote higher populations of thrips.nitrogen Grow 4 to 5 rows of maize or sorghum thickly around the crop. Biological Control measures = Predators such as green lacewings, predatory mites (Phytoseiulus persimilis) and predatory thrips should be encouraged Release larvae of Chrysoperla zastrowi at the rate of 4,000 per acre Verticillium lecani (Lecanicillium) at the rate of 2 to 3 millilitre per litre of water Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment with imidacloprid 48 percent Flowable concentrate at the rate of 0.6 gram active ingredient per litre of water. Spray the seedlings with 0.2 millilitre imidacloprid 17.8 Soluble concentrate per litre of water Thiamethoxam 25 percent Wettable granules at the rate of 0.2 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Watermelon and Pest or Disease name is Whitefly and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Uproot and destroy the diseased leaf curl plants Field selected should be clean and free from other host plants and weeds. Remove and destroy alternate weed host like Abutilon indicum and other host Plant fast-growing crops like maize, sorghum or pearl millet in the border of the field to act as barriers to reduce whitefly infestations. Biological Control measures = Verticillium lecani (Lecanicillium) at the rate of 2 to 3 millilitre per litre of water Chemical Control measures = Spray Diafenthiuron 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 1.2 gram per litre of water. Spray Acetamaprid 20 percent Soluble powder at the rate of 0.2 gram per litre of water. Application Imidacloprid 17.8 percent Soluble concentrate at the rate of 0.2 millilitre per litre of water Application Thiamethoxam 25 percent Wettable granules at the rate of 0.2 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is American pod borer and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Growing intercrops such as cowpea, onion, maize, coriander, urdbean in 1:2 ratio Guard crop sorghum or maize in 4 rows all around wheat crop as guard crop. Rotate the wheat crop with a non host cereal crop, cucurbit, or cruciferous vegetable. Bird perches at 4-8 per acre should be erected for facilitating field visits of predatory birds. Biological Control measures = Release Trichogramma pretiosum at 1 lakh per acre (20,000 per release for 5 times at weekly interval starting from flower initiation stage. Spray Helocoverpa armigera Nulear polyhedrosis virus at 100 larval equivalent per acre along with 1 percent jaggery and 0.1 percent teepol at 28, 35 and 42 Days after planting (4th, 5th and 6th week after planting) in the evening. Spray Bacillus thuringiensis formulation at 2 gram per litre Spray Azadirachtin 1.0 percent Emulsifiable concentrate (10000 parts per million) at 2.0 mililitres per litre of water Chemical Control measures = Spray Chlorpyrifos 20 Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 2 millilitre per litre of water Emmamectin Benzoate 5 water soluble granules at the rate of 0.3 gram per litre of water. Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.3 millilitre per litre of water Flubendiamide 39.35 Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.3 millilitre per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Aphid and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Regular field monitoring for pest & defender population, barrier crops like mustard crop around the field. Plant tall border crops like maize, sorghum or millet to reduce pest population. High levels of nitrogen fertilizer favor aphid reproduction, so never use more nitrogen than necessary. Biological Control measures = Release 1st instar larvae of green lacewing (Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi) at 4,000 numbers per acre. Spraying with tobacco decoction (1 Kilogram tobacco boiled in 10 litres of water for 30 minutes and making up to 30 litres + 100 gram soap) Chemical Control measures = Spray Tolfenpyrad 15 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre of water Spray Flonicamid 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 0.3 gram per litre of water Spray Cyantraniliprole 10.26 percent Oil dispersant at the rate of 1.2 millilitre per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Army worm and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Growing intercrops such as cowpea, onion, maize, coriander, urdbean in 1:2 ratio Guard crop sorghum or maize in 4 rows all around wheat crop as guard crop. Rotate the wheat crop with a non host cereal crop, cucurbit, or cruciferous vegetable. Bird perches at 4-8 per acre should be erected for facilitating field visits of predatory birds. Biological Control measures = Release Trichogramma pretiosum at 1 lakh per acre (20,000 per release for 5 times at weekly interval starting from flower initiation stage. Spray Beauveria bassiana at 5gram per litre of water Spray Bacillus thuringiensis formulation at 2 gram per litre Chemical Control measures = Spray Chlorpyrifos 20 Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 2 millilitre per litre of water Emmamectin Benzoate 5 water soluble granules at the rate of 0.4 grams per litre of water Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.3 millilitre per litre of water Flubendiamide 39.35 Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.3 millilitre per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Barley yellow dwarf and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Spray strong jet of water to knock aphids from leaves High levels of nitrogen fertilizer favor aphid reproduction, so never use more nitrogen than necessary Biological Control measures = Release 1st instar larvae of green lacewing (Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi) at the rate of 4,000 numbers per acre. Spraying with tobacco decoction (1 kilograms tobacco boiled in 10 litre of water for 30 minutes and making up to 30 litre + 100 gram soap) Chemical Control measures = Spray Tolfenpyrad 15 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 2 millilitre per litre of water Spray Flonicamid 50 percent Wettable granules at the rate of 0.3 gram per litre of water Spray Cyantraniliprole 10.26 percent Oil dispersant at the rate of 1.2 millilitre per litre of water . </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Brown mite and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and destroy the affected plant parts Use the tolerant varieties such as C-306 for brown mite. Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Fenazaquin 10 Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 1.5 millilitre per litre of water Propargite 57 Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 1.7 millilitre per litre of water (directing the spray on the ventral surface of leaves). </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Cereal cyst nematode and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Uproot and destroy the infested plants Biological Control measures = An extract of asafoetida, turmeric and water is effective against several plant pathogens including nematodes. Chemical Control measures = Application of carbofuran 3 granules at the rate of 4000 gram per acre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Ear cockle and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Use only healthy seed from healthy crop Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Application of carbofuran 3 granules at the rate of 4000 gram per acre.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Flag smut and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Uproot such plants before ear emergence to reduce the infestation of healthy seeds at later stage Use disease free seeds in the healthy field Biological Control measures = Seed treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.75 percent Wettable powder (In house isolated Strain Accession No. MTCC 5176) at the rate of 5 gram per kilogram of seeds Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment Carboxin 75 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 to 2.5 gram per kilogram of seeds Tebuconazole 2 percent Powder for dry seed treatment at the rate of 1litre per kilogram seed. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Fusarium ear blight and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Only use certified seed per resistance varieties timely sowing seed, & crop rotation. Plantation of tall plant crop as a barrier for air borne disease Biological Control measures = Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.5 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 5 grams per kilogram of seed. Chemical Control measures = Apply Metalaxyl 8 percent + Mancozeb 64 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 gram per litre water.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Fusarium foot rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Soil solarization : Cover the beds with polythene sheet of 45 gauge (0.45mm) thicknessfor 3 weeks before sowing will reduce soil borne diseases Collection and destruction of diseased plant parts helps in reduction of inoculum load of this disease. Biological Control measures = Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.5 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 5 gram per kilogram of seed. Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment of Azoxystrobin 2.5 percent + Thiophanate Methyl 11.25 percent + Thiamethoxam 25 percent Flowable concentrate at the rate of 10 millilitre per kilogram of seeds. Drench with Copper oxychloride 50 percent Wettable granules at the rate of 2.4 gram per litre of water.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Head scab and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Soil solarization : Cover the beds with polythene sheet of 45 gauge (0.45mm) thicknessfor 3 weeks before sowing will reduce soil borne diseases Collection and destruction of diseased plant parts helps in reduction of inoculum load of this disease. Soil application of neem cake at 100kg per acre. Biological Control measures = Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.5 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 5 gram per kilogram of seed. Seed treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.75 percent Wettable powder (In house isolated Strain Accession No. MTCC 5176) at the rate of 5 gram per kilogram of seeds Chemical Control measures = Spray Carbendazim 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 0.5 gram per litre of water Mancozeb 75 percent Wettable granules at the rate of 2 gram per litre. Spray Metiram 55 percent + Pyraclostrobin 5 percent Wettable granules at the rate of 3 gram per litre of water.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Kernal bunt and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Grow the crop during high temperature period. Adopt shallow sowing. Soil application of neem cake at 100kg per acre. Biological Control measures = Seed treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.75 percent Wettable powder (In house isolated Strain Accession No. MTCC 5176) at the rate of 5 grams per kilogram of seeds Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens at the rate of 1 kilogram per acre + 20 kilogram of well decomposed Farm yard manure or sand at 30 days after sowing. Chemical Control measures = Spray Metalaxy 31.8 percent Emulsion for seed treatment + Mancozeb 65 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 4 to 5 gram per litre Spray Metiram 55 percent + Pyraclostrobin 5 percent Wettable granules at the rate of 3 gram per litre water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Leaf rust and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Minimize overhead irrigation Keep weeds under control to reduce relative humidity Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Propiconazole 25 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 0.6 millilitre per litre of water Spray Tebuconazole 25.9 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre of water . </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Loose smut and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Burry the infected ear heads in the soil, so that secondary spread is avoided. The seed is soaked in cold water during hot summer months in the morning hours and kept in hot sun from 8 am to 12 noons and then dried in the afternoon Biological Control measures = Seed treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.75 percent Wettable powder (In house isolated Strain Accession No. MTCC 5176) at the rate of 5 gram per kilogram of seeds Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment Carboxin 37.5 percent + Thiram 37.5 percent Water dispersible powder at the rate of 3 gram per kilogram of seeds Tebuconazole 2 percent Powder for dry seed treatment at the rate of 1 litre per kilogram seed. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Pink borer and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Bird perches at 10 per acre should be erected for facilitating field visits of predatory birds. Regular field monitoring for pest & defender population, barrier crops like mustard crop around the field. Plant tall border crops like maize, sorghum or millet to reduce pest population. Biological Control measures = Release Trichogramma pretiosum at 1 lakh per acre (20,000 per release for 5 times at weekly interval starting from flower initiation stage. Spray Bacillus thuringiensis formulation at 2 gram per litre Spray Beauveria bassiana at 5 gram per litre of water Chemical Control measures = Spray Chlorpyrifos 20 Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 2 millilitre per litre of water Emmamectin Benzoate 5 water soluble granules at the rate of 0.4 gram per litre of water Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.3 millilitre per litre of water Flubendiamide 39.35 Suspension concentrate at the rate of 0.3 millilitre per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Powdery mildew and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Soil solarization : Cover the beds with polythene sheet of 45 gauge (0.45mm) thicknessfor 3 weeks before sowing will reduce soil borne diseases Irrigating overhead is avoided, late in the morning is recommended Biological Control measures = Apply Trichoderma viridae at the rate of 2.5 kilogram per acre along with Farm yard manure Chemical Control measures = Spray Zineb 75 percent Wettable powder 2 gram per lilitre water. Spray Cymoxinil 8 percent + Mancozeb 64 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 3 gram per litre water.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Stem rust and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Minimize overhead irrigation Keep weeds under control to reduce relative humidity Mixed cropping and crop rotation Avoid excess Nitrogen fertilizer Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Sulphur dusting at the rate of 15 kilogram per acre Spray mancozeb 75 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 gram per litre of water Spray Propiconazole 25 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 0.6 millilitre per litre of water Spray Tebuconazole 25 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre of water . </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Stinking smut and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Grow the crop during high temperature period. Adopt shallow sowing. Grow resistant varieties like Kalyan sona, S227, PV18, HD2021, HD4513 and HD4519 Biological Control measures = Seed treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.75 percent Wettable powder (In house isolated Strain Accession No. MTCC 5176) at the rate of 5 grams per kilograms of seeds Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens at the rate of 1 kilogram per acre + 20 kilogram of well decomposed Farm yard manure or sand at 30 days after sowing. Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment with Carbendazim 50 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 2 gram per 0.1 litre of water per kilogram of seeds. Spray Metiram 55 percent + Pyraclostrobin 5 percent Wettable granules at the rate of 3.0 gram per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Stripe rust and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Mixed cropping with suitable crops. Avoid excess dose of nitrogenous fertilizers. Biological Control measures = Seed treatment of Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.75 percent Wettable powder (In house isolated Strain Accession No. MTCC 5176) at the rate of 5 gram per kilogram of seeds Chemical Control measures = Spray Propiconazole 25 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 0.6 millilitre per litre of water Spray Tebuconazole 25.9 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 1 millilitre per litre of water. . </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Termite and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Apply well rotten farm yard manure only to discourage termite infestation. Avoid late sowing of crops Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment of Thiamethoxam 30 percent Flowable concentrate at the rate of 330 gram per kilogram of seeds. Chlorpyrifos 20 percent Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 3 to 4 millilitre per kilogram of seed . </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Tundu and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Use only healthy seed from healthy crop Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Application of carbofuran 3 granules at the rate of 4000 gram per acre.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Wheat soilborne mosaic and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collection and destruction of diseased plant parts helps in reduction of inoculum load of this disease. Collect and destroy the affected plant parts Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Fenazaquin 10 Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 1.5 millilitre per litre of water Propargite 57 Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 1.7 millilitre per litre of water (directing the spray on the ventral surface of leaves). </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Wheat spindle streak mosaic and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collection and destruction of diseased plant parts helps in reduction of inoculum load of this disease. Biological Control measures = Seed treatment with Pseudomonas fluorescens 1.5 percent Wettable powder at the rate of 5 gram per kilogram of seed. Chemical Control measures = Drench with Copper oxychloride 50 percent Wettable granules at the rate of 2.4 gram per litre of water.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Wheat and Pest or Disease name is Wheat streak mosaic and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collection and destruction of diseased plant parts helps in reduction of inoculum load of this disease. Collect and destroy the affected plant parts Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Fenazaquin 10 Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 1.5 millilitre per litre of water Propargite 57 Emulsifiable concentrate at the rate of 1.7 millilitre per litre of water (directing the spray on the ventral surface of leaves). </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Yam and Pest or Disease name is Anthracnose and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Crop rotation with gram or wheat Use healthy and disease free tubers or setts for planting Select healthy and large tubers for planting instead of small tubers. Keep fields free from weeds. Collect crop debris and destroy them Biological Control measures = Seed treatment with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride @ 4g or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg of seeds Soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens or Trichoderma viride @ 1 Kg / acre + 20 Kg of well decomposed FYM or sand at 30 days after sowing. Soil application of Trichoderma viride @ 1 Kg / acre + 20 Kg of well decomposed FYM or sand at 30 days after sowing. Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment with Carbendazim or Thiram @ 2 g/kg of seeds Drenching with Carbendazim 50WP @ 1 g/ litre of water Spray Metalaxy 31.8% ES + Mancozeb 65% WP @ 04-05g/acre Spray Metirum 55% + Pyraclostrobin 5% WG @3.0 g/l water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Yam and Pest or Disease name is Collar rot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect crop debris and destroy them Deep summer ploughing Biological Control measures = Basal soil application of neem cake @ 60 Kg/ acre Seed treatment with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride @ 4g or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg of seeds Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment with Carbendazim or Thiram @ 2 g/kg of seeds Drenching with Carbendazim 50WP @ 1 g/ litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Yam and Pest or Disease name is Flea beetle and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and destroy the adult beetles Rake the soil below the tree to expose pupae and grubs Biological Control measures = Spray Metarrhizium anisopliae @ 2-3ml/litre of water Chemical Control measures = Spray Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3ml per litre of water Flubendiamide 39.35 SC @ 0.3ml per litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Yam and Pest or Disease name is Mealy bugs and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Deep summer ploughing up to base of the tree trunks, after harvesting to expose eggs of mealy bugs Remove weeds like Clerodendrum and grasses by ploughing Soil application of neem cake @ 100kg/acre. Biological Control measures = Release of predators, Australian ladybird beetle (Cryptolaemus montrouzieri) @ 10-15 no./tree are effective in controlling the nymphs. Spray Verticillium lecani (Lecanicillium) @ 2-3 ml/ Liter of Water Chemical Control measures = Early instar nymphs can be controlled by spraying 1.7 ml Imidacloprid 17.8 SL /litre of water Early instar nymphs can be controlled by spraying Acephate 75 SP/litre of water Early instar nymphs can be controlled by spraying Bupropezin 25 SC/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Yam and Pest or Disease name is Scale and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and destroy the infested plant parts at initial stage of infestation Soil application of neem cake @ 100kg/acre. Spray Azadirachtin 1.0 % EC (10000 ppm) @ 2.0 ml/ litre of water Biological Control measures = Inundative release of ladybird beetles @ 100 pairs per acre at fortnightly intervals can suppress the aphid population. Release larvae of Chrysoperla zastrowi @4,000/acre Chemical Control measures = Spray Diafenthiuron 50WP @1g/litre of water Spray Acetamaprid 20SP 0.3g/litre of water Spray Imidacloprid 17.8SL @0.3ml /litre of water Spray Thiamethoxam 25wg @ 0.3g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Green and Pest or Disease name is Angular leaf spot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and destroy the infested plant parts at initial stage of infestation Collect crop debris and destroy them Biological Control measures = Treat the seeds with Streptocycline 100 ppm for 30 mins kill both internally and externally seed borne bacterium Seed treatment with Aureomycin 1000 ppm for 30 min. Chemical Control measures = Application of bleaching powder at 10 to 5.06 kg/acre controls the disease. Drenching the nursery soil with formaldehyde 0.5% (0.5 g in 100 ml of water). </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Green and Pest or Disease name is Anthracnose and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Crop rotation with non-host crops and avoid potato, soybean, eggplant & cucurbit Stake plants to improve air circulation and to reduce leaf and fruit wetness Mulch to reduce soil splash onto fruit and lower leaves Minimize or avoid overhead irrigation to reduce periods of wetness on fruit Avoid sprinkler irrigation method Biological Control measures = Foliar spray of Bacillus subtilis @ 3ml per litre of water Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment with Thiram 37.5%WS 3g/kg seeds Spray Carbendazim 50% WP @ 300g/600lwater Spray Metalaxy 31.8% ES + Mancozeb 65% WP @ 04-05g/acre Spray Metirum 55% + Pyraclostrobin 5% WG @3.0 g/l water Immerse fruit in clean and fresh water containing 120 ppm Chlorine. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Green and Pest or Disease name is Aphid and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Regular field monitoring for pest & defender population, barrier crops like mustard crop around the field. Plant tall border crops like maize, sorghum or millet to reduce pest population. High levels of nitrogen fertilizer favor aphid reproduction, so never use more nitrogen than necessary. Biological Control measures = Release 1st instar larvae of green lacewing (Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi) @ 4,000 Nos/acre. Spraying with tobacco decoction (1 Kg tobacco boiled in 10 l of water for 30 minutes and making up to 30 l + 100 g soap) Chemical Control measures = Spray Tolfenpyrad @ 1 ml/ltre Spray Flonicamid 50 % WP @ 1 gm/ltre Spray Cyantraniliprole 10.26 % OD @ 0.9 ml/ltre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Green and Pest or Disease name is Bacterial wilt and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Disease free site Crop rotation with cereals, millet, garlic, onion, cabbage. Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Streptocycline sulphate 9 % + Tetracycline Hydrochloride 1 % SP @ 20 g/acre Spray copper hydroxide 77 % WP @ 2 gm/litrere of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Green and Pest or Disease name is Cucumber beetle and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Follow clean cultivation Follow early sowing, therefore the plant passes the cotyledon stage by the time the beetles become active. Biological Control measures = Apply EPF Metarrhizium anisopliae @ 2-3ml/litre of water along with FYM Conserve and augment entomopathogenic nematodes such as Heterorhabditis spp. and Steinernema spp. @0.5 billion infective juveniles (IJs)/acre Chemical Control measures = Drenching the soil with chlorpyrifos or fipronil at root zone to kill the grubs. Apply carbofuran 3G @ 3-4 cm deep in the soil near the base of the plants just after germination and irrigate. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Green and Pest or Disease name is Downy mildew and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Soil solarization : Cover the beds with polythene sheet of 45 gauge (0.45mm) thicknessfor 3 weeks before sowing will reduce soil borne diseases Irrigating overhead is avoided, late in the morning is recommended Biological Control measures = Apply Trichoderma viridae @2.5kg/acre along with FYM Chemical Control measures = Spray Zineb 75%WP 600-800g in 300-400ml water /acre Spray Cymoxinil 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP @ 3g/l water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Green and Pest or Disease name is Fruit fly and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = In endemic areas, change the sowing dates as the fly population is low in hot dry conditions and at its peak during rainy season. Frequent raking of soil under the vine or plough the infested field after the crop to kill pupae. Biological Control measures = Conserve pupal parasitoids viz., Opius fletcheri, O. compensates and O. insisus (Braconidae), Dirhinus spp (Chalcididae). Chemical Control measures = Spraying the crop with indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 0.5 ml/litre of water at fruit formation/ripening is very effective. Profenofos @ 1 ml/litreat fruit formation/ripening is very effective.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Green and Pest or Disease name is Fusarium wilt and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and burn the infected plant Soil solarization before preparation of nursery bed Biological Control measures = Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 10 g/Kg seed Root zone application: Mix thoroughly 2.5 Kg of the Trichoderma viride 1% WP in 150 Kg of compost or farmyard manure and apply this mixture in the field after sowing/ transplanting of crops Chemical Control measures = Drenching with Carbendazim 50WP @ 1 gm/ litre Spot drenching with Copper Oxychloride 50%WP @ 2.5g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Green and Pest or Disease name is Leaf miner and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Summer ploughing to expose pupae to sunlight and natural enemies Remove and destroy infested leaves in nursery and at the time of planting in open field Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Fipronil 5SC @ 2ml litre of water Cypermethrin 25EC @ 0.5ml litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Green and Pest or Disease name is Mosaic virus and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Regular field monitoring for pest & defender population, barrier crops like mustard crop around the field. Plant tall border crops like maize, sorghum or millet to reduce pest population. High levels of nitrogen fertilizer favor aphid reproduction, so never use more nitrogen than necessary. Biological Control measures = Release 1st instar larvae of green lacewing (Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi) @ 4,000 Nos/acre. Spraying with tobacco decoction (1 Kg tobacco boiled in 10 l of water for 30 minutes and making up to 30 l + 100 g soap) Chemical Control measures = Spray Tolfenpyrad @ 1 ml/ltre Spray Flonicamid 50 % WP @ 1 gm/ltre Spray Cyantraniliprole 10.26 % OD @ 0.9 ml/ltre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Green and Pest or Disease name is Powdery mildew and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and destroy the affected fruits Biological Control measures = Amphelomyces quisqalis microbial fungicide powder @1 kg/acre or liquid 1l/acre Chemical Control measures = Spray Carbendazim 50%WP @120 g in 240 l of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Yellow and Pest or Disease name is Angular leaf spot and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and destroy the infested plant parts at initial stage of infestation Collect crop debris and destroy them Biological Control measures = Treat the seeds with Streptocycline 100 ppm for 30 mins kill both internally and externally seed borne bacterium Seed treatment with Aureomycin 1000 ppm for 30 min. Chemical Control measures = Application of bleaching powder at 10 to 5.06 kg/acre controls the disease. Drenching the nursery soil with formaldehyde 0.5% (0.5 g in 100 ml of water). </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Yellow and Pest or Disease name is Anthracnose and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Crop rotation with non-host crops and avoid potato, soybean, eggplant & cucurbit Stake plants to improve air circulation and to reduce leaf and fruit wetness Mulch to reduce soil splash onto fruit and lower leaves Minimize or avoid overhead irrigation to reduce periods of wetness on fruit Avoid sprinkler irrigation method Biological Control measures = Foliar spray of Bacillus subtilis @ 3ml per litre of water Chemical Control measures = Seed treatment with Thiram 37.5%WS 3g/kg seeds Spray Carbendazim 50% WP @ 300g/600lwater Spray Metalaxy 31.8% ES + Mancozeb 65% WP @ 04-05g/acre Spray Metirum 55% + Pyraclostrobin 5% WG @3.0 g/l water Immerse fruit in clean and fresh water containing 120 ppm Chlorine. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Yellow and Pest or Disease name is Aphid and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Regular field monitoring for pest & defender population, barrier crops like mustard crop around the field. Plant tall border crops like maize, sorghum or millet to reduce pest population. High levels of nitrogen fertilizer favor aphid reproduction, so never use more nitrogen than necessary. Biological Control measures = Release 1st instar larvae of green lacewing (Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi) @ 4,000 Nos/acre. Spraying with tobacco decoction (1 Kg tobacco boiled in 10 l of water for 30 minutes and making up to 30 l + 100 g soap) Chemical Control measures = Spray Tolfenpyrad @ 1 ml/ltre Spray Flonicamid 50 % WP @ 1 gm/ltre Spray Cyantraniliprole 10.26 % OD @ 0.9 ml/ltre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Yellow and Pest or Disease name is Bacterial wilt and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Disease free site Crop rotation with cereals, millet, garlic, onion, cabbage. Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Spray Streptocycline sulphate 9 % + Tetracycline Hydrochloride 1 % SP @ 20 g/acre Spray copper hydroxide 77 % WP @ 2 gm/litrere of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Yellow and Pest or Disease name is Cucumber beetle and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Follow clean cultivation Follow early sowing, therefore the plant passes the cotyledon stage by the time the beetles become active. Biological Control measures = Apply EPF Metarrhizium anisopliae @ 2-3ml/litre of water along with FYM Conserve and augment entomopathogenic nematodes such as Heterorhabditis spp. and Steinernema spp. @0.5 billion infective juveniles (IJs)/acre Chemical Control measures = Drenching the soil with chlorpyrifos or fipronil at root zone to kill the grubs. Apply carbofuran 3G @ 3-4 cm deep in the soil near the base of the plants just after germination and irrigate. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Yellow and Pest or Disease name is Downy mildew and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Soil solarization : Cover the beds with polythene sheet of 45 gauge (0.45mm) thicknessfor 3 weeks before sowing will reduce soil borne diseases Irrigating overhead is avoided, late in the morning is recommended Biological Control measures = Apply Trichoderma viridae @2.5kg/acre along with FYM Chemical Control measures = Spray Zineb 75%WP 600-800g in 300-400ml water /acre Spray Cymoxinil 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP @ 3g/l water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Yellow and Pest or Disease name is Fruit fly and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = In endemic areas, change the sowing dates as the fly population is low in hot dry conditions and at its peak during rainy season. Frequent raking of soil under the vine or plough the infested field after the crop to kill pupae. Biological Control measures = Conserve pupal parasitoids viz., Opius fletcheri, O. compensates and O. insisus (Braconidae), Dirhinus spp (Chalcididae). Chemical Control measures = Spraying the crop with indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 0.5 ml/litre of water at fruit formation/ripening is very effective. Profenofos @ 1 ml/litreat fruit formation/ripening is very effective.. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Yellow and Pest or Disease name is Fusarium wilt and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and burn the infected plant Soil solarization before preparation of nursery bed Biological Control measures = Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 10 g/Kg seed Root zone application: Mix thoroughly 2.5 Kg of the Trichoderma viride 1% WP in 150 Kg of compost or farmyard manure and apply this mixture in the field after sowing/ transplanting of crops Chemical Control measures = Drenching with Carbendazim 50WP @ 1 gm/ litre Spot drenching with Copper Oxychloride 50%WP @ 2.5g/litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Yellow and Pest or Disease name is Leaf miner and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Summer ploughing to expose pupae to sunlight and natural enemies Remove and destroy infested leaves in nursery and at the time of planting in open field Biological Control measures = Chemical Control measures = Fipronil 5SC @ 2ml litre of water Cypermethrin 25EC @ 0.5ml litre of water. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Yellow and Pest or Disease name is Mosaic virus and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Regular field monitoring for pest & defender population, barrier crops like mustard crop around the field. Plant tall border crops like maize, sorghum or millet to reduce pest population. High levels of nitrogen fertilizer favor aphid reproduction, so never use more nitrogen than necessary. Biological Control measures = Release 1st instar larvae of green lacewing (Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi) @ 4,000 Nos/acre. Spraying with tobacco decoction (1 Kg tobacco boiled in 10 l of water for 30 minutes and making up to 30 l + 100 g soap) Chemical Control measures = Spray Tolfenpyrad @ 1 ml/ltre Spray Flonicamid 50 % WP @ 1 gm/ltre Spray Cyantraniliprole 10.26 % OD @ 0.9 ml/ltre. </s>

<s> [ISNT] Crop or plant name is Zucchini Yellow and Pest or Disease name is Powdery mildew and its control measures or prevention measures are. .[/INST] Cultural Control measures = Collect and destroy the affected fruits Biological Control measures = Amphelomyces quisqalis microbial fungicide powder @1 kg/acre or liquid 1l/acre Chemical Control measures = Spray Carbendazim 50%WP @120 g in 240 l of water. </s>