Hate Speech Supersets
Collection
Supersets combining all publicly available hate speech corpora in eight languages and for three countries.
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Datasets:
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Indian Hate Speech Superset
This dataset is a superset (N=14,155) of posts annotated as hateful or not. It results from the preprocessing and merge of all available hate speech datasets grounded geographically in India in April 2024. These datasets were identified through a systematic survey of hate speech datasets conducted in mid 2024. We only kept datasets that:
- are documented
- are publicly available or could be retrieved with the Twitter API
- focus on hate speech, defined broadly as "any kind of communication in speech, writing or behavior, that attacks or uses pejorative or discriminatory language with reference to a person or a group on the basis of who they are, in other words, based on their religion, ethnicity, nationality, race, color, descent, gender or other identity factor" (UN, 2019)
The survey procedure is further detailed in our paper.
Data access and intended use
Please send an access request detailing how you plan to use the data. The main purpose of this dataset is to train and evaluate hate speech detection models, as well as study hateful discourse online. This dataset is NOT intended to train generative LLMs to produce hateful content.
Columns
The dataset contains six columns:
text: the annotated postlabels: annotation of whether the post is hateful (== 1) or not (==0). As datasets have different annotation schemes, we systematically binarized the labels.source: origin of the data (e.g., Twitter)dataset: dataset the data is from (see "Datasets" part below)nb_annotators: number of annotators by post
Datasets
The datasets that compose this superset are:
- Hostility Detection Dataset in Hindi (
hostility detectionin thedatasetcolumn) - Overview of the HASOC track at FIRE 2019: Hate Speech and Offensive Content Identification in Indo-European Languages (
hasocin thedatasetcolumn)
Additional datasets on demand
In our survey, we identified one additional dataset that is not public but can be requested to the authors:
- A Dataset of Hindi-English Code-Mixed Social Media Text for Hate Speech Detection
- Uncovering Political Hate Speech During Indian Election Campaign: A New Low-Resource Dataset and Baselines
- Listening to Affected Communities to Define Extreme Speech: Dataset and Experiments
Preprocessing
We drop duplicates. In case of non-binary labels, the labels are binarized (hate speech or not). We replace all usernames and links by fixed tokens to maximize user privacy.
Citation
Please cite our paper if you use this dataset.
@article{tonneau2024hateday,
title={HateDay: Insights from a Global Hate Speech Dataset Representative of a Day on Twitter},
author={Tonneau, Manuel and Liu, Diyi and Malhotra, Niyati and Hale, Scott A and Fraiberger, Samuel P and Orozco-Olvera, Victor and R{\"o}ttger, Paul},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2411.15462},
year={2024}
}
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