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[ "The people on the street have exposed skin." ]

[ "The sky is covered by clouds", "Two dogs jump into the lake", "A dog is sitting on a couch", "Two boys are on a swing set.", "There is a woman and a man in this picture.", "Some people see a man.", "The dog is blue." ]

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[ "Carol Moseley Braun Carol Elizabeth Moseley Braun, also sometimes Moseley-Braun (born August 16, 1947), is an American diplomat, politician and lawyer who represented Illinois in the United States Senate from 1993 to 1999. She was the first female African-American Senator, the first African-American U.S. Senator for the Democratic Party, the first woman to defeat an incumbent U.S. Senator in an election, and the first female Senator from Illinois. She was the only female U.S. Senator from Illinois until Tammy Duckworth who became the U.S. Senator from Illinois in January 2017. From 1999 until 2001, she was the United States Ambassador to New Zealand. She was a candidate for the Democratic nomination during the 2004 U.S. presidential election. Following the public announcement by Richard M. Daley that he would not seek re-election, in November 2010, Braun began her campaign for Mayor of Chicago. The former Senator placed fourth in a field of six candidates, losing the February 22, 2011, election to Rahm Emanuel.", "Tammy Duckworth Ladda Tammy Duckworth (born March 12, 1968) is an American politician and retired U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel, serving as the junior United States Senator for Illinois since 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, she earlier represented Illinois' 8th district for two terms (2013–2017) in the United States House of Representatives. Before seeking elective office, she served as Assistant Secretary for Public and Intergovernmental Affairs in the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (2009-2011), and she was the Director of the Illinois Department of Veterans Affairs (2006-2009). In the 2016 election, Duckworth defeated incumbent Republican Senator Mark Kirk for the seat in the United States Senate." ]

[ "United States Senate election in California, 2004 The 2004 United States Senate election in California took place on November 2, 2004 alongside other elections to the United States Senate in other states as well as elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Barbara Boxer ran for re-election and defeated Republican former Secretary of State Bill Jones. Boxer's 6.96 million votes set the all-time record for the most votes cast for one candidate in one state in one election, although it was surpassed by Senator Dianne Feinstein's 7.75 million votes in 2012.", "Mark Zieman Mark L. Zieman (born January 14, 1945) was a Republican Iowa State Senator from Iowa. He was formerly part of the leadership of the Iowa Senate. He represented the largely rural 8th district, covering Allamakee, Winneshiek, Chickasaw and Howard counties in the northeastern corner of the state (district map: .*pdf format). He served in the Iowa Senate 2000 – 2008 and was a past co-chair of the Senate Ways and Means Committee.", "United States Senate elections, 1998 The United States Senate elections, 1998 was a roughly even contest between the Republican and Democratic parties. While the Democrats had to defend more seats up for election, Republican attacks on the morality of President Bill Clinton failed to connect with voters and anticipated Republican gains did not materialize. The Republicans picked up open seats in Ohio and Kentucky and narrowly defeated incumbent Senator Carol Moseley-Braun (D-IL), but these were cancelled out by the Democrats' gain of an open seat in Indiana and defeats of Senators Al D'Amato (R-NY) and Lauch Faircloth (R-NC). The balance of the Senate remained unchanged at 55–45 in favor of the Republicans. With Democratic gaining five seats in the House of Representatives, this marked the first time since 1934 that the out-of-Presidency party failed to gain congressional seats in a mid-term election, and the first time since 1822 that the party not in control of the White House failed to gain seats in the mid-term election of a President's second term.", "United States Senate election in Michigan, 2006 The 2006 United States Senate election in Michigan was held on November 7, 2006. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Debbie Stabenow won re-election to a second term.", "Kyle McCarter Kyle McCarter is a Republican member of the Illinois Senate, serving in the Senate since February 2009. He replaced former Senate Minority Leader Frank Watson after the latter resigned due to poor health.", "Suzanne Haik Terrell Suzanne Haik Terrell (born July 8, 1954) is the first and only Republican woman elected to statewide office in Louisiana. A practicing attorney, Terrell was the state's final commissioner of elections, a position which she held from 2000 to 2004. In 2002, she was the Republican nominee for United States Senate, losing a hotly contested and closely watched race against incumbent Senator Mary Landrieu. In 2005, U.S. President George W. Bush appointed Terrell to a position as Deputy Assistant Secretary in the United States Department of Commerce's Economic Development Administration. Terrell is currently a partner with the New Orleans firm of Hangartner, Rydberg, and Terrell.", "United States Senate election in Illinois, 2004 The 2004 United States Senate election in Illinois was held on November 2, 2004. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Peter Fitzgerald decided to retire after one term. The Democratic and Republican primary elections were held in March, which included a total of 15 candidates who combined to spend a record total of over $60 million seeking the open seat.", "United States Senate election in Oklahoma, 2010 The 2010 United States Senate election in Oklahoma was held on November 2, 2010. Incumbent first-term Republican U.S. Senator Tom Coburn won re-election to a second term.", "Robert Dold Robert James \"Bob\" Dold Jr. (born June 23, 1969) was the U.S. Representative for Illinois 's 10 congressional district from 2011 to 2013 and again from 2015 to 2017. He is a member of the Republican Party. Prior to his election, Dold ran his family-owned business, Rose Pest Solutions. In 2010, Dold defeated Democratic Party nominee Dan Seals to replace Republican incumbent Mark Kirk in the U.S. House of Representatives. Dold was narrowly defeated by Democrat Brad Schneider in 2012, but regained the seat in 2014, defeating Schneider in a rematch. He was again defeated by Schneider in 2016 in a third contest between the two.", "United States Senate election in Arkansas, 2002 The 2002 United States Senate election in Arkansas was held on November 5, 2002. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Tim Hutchinson ran for a second term, but lost re-election to Mark Pryor.", "Louanner Peters Louanner Peters is a former deputy governor of Illinois. She was appointed by Rod Blagojevich in December 2006, becoming the first African-American woman to hold the position.", "Barbara Ann Radnofsky Barbara Ann Radnofsky (born July 8, 1956) is a Democratic politician from the U.S. state of Texas. She is the first woman to have won the Democratic nomination for a U.S. Senate seat in Texas.", "Ron Kirk Ronald Kirk (born June 27, 1954) is an American lawyer, politician and member of the Democratic Party.", "United States Senate election in Michigan, 1984 The 1984 United States Senate election in Michigan was held on November 5, 1984. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Carl Levin won re-election to a second term.", "Karen May Karen May (born 1944) is a former Democratic member of the Illinois House of Representatives for the 58th District, serving from 2001 to 2012. The district includes parts of Bannockburn, Deerfield, Glencoe, Highland Park, Highwood, Lake Bluff, Lake Forest, Northbrook, and Riverwoods.", "United States Senate election in Washington, 2012 The 2012 United States Senate election in Washington took place on November 6, 2012, concurrently with the 2012 U.S. presidential election as well as other elections to the United States Senate and House of Representatives and various state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Maria Cantwell won re-election to a third term in a landslide.", "Mazie Hirono Mazie Keiko Hirono ( ; Japanese name: 広野 慶子 \"Hirono Keiko\"; born November 3, 1947) is an American politician and the junior United States Senator from Hawaii, in office since 2013. Hirono, a member of the Democratic Party, previously served as a member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from 1985 to 1995 and as the Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii from 1994 to 2002, serving under Governor Ben Cayetano. She was the Democratic nominee for Governor of Hawaii in 2002 but was defeated by Republican Linda Lingle. She then served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district from 2007 to 2013.", "United States Senate election in New Jersey, 1990 The 1990 New Jersey United States Senate election was held on November 6, 1990 to select the Class 2 U.S. Senator from the state of New Jersey. Democratic Senator Bill Bradley decided to seek re-election and narrowly edged out little-known Republican Christine Todd Whitman.", "Illinois House of Representatives elections, 2010 The 2010 Elections for the Illinois House of Representatives was conducted on Tuesday, November 2, 2010. The 2010 primary election was conducted on Tuesday, February 2, 2010. State Representatives are elected for two-year terms, with the entire House of Representatives up for a vote every two years.", "Illinois gubernatorial election, 1990 The Illinois gubernatorial election were held in November 1990. Republican candidate Jim Edgar won his first of two terms in office, defeating Democrat Neil Hartigan by a narrow margin of about 80,000 votes." ]

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[ "Shanghai rum person to the dealer's left becomes dealer for the next hand, and so on. Each player is dealt eleven cards for the seven rounds. The rest of the deck is then placed face down in the middle of the players; this is referred to as the deck. One card is taken from the top of the deck and placed face up next to it. This card is called the upcard and becomes the beginning of the discard pile. Each player has a choice at the beginning of their turn. They may either pick up one new card from the top" ]

[ "Shanghai Public Transport Card cards cannot be refunded, but have a lower deposit (20 RMB) and are resalable through other means. Cards can be reloaded in multiples of 10 RMB, at selected convenience stores, banks throughout Shanghai and service counters at all metro stations, or in multiples of 50 RMB in many local Metro stations (by machine; this is only possible for standard-sized cards with the exception of some machines in line 8 stations that are capable of taking most sizes). Furthermore, Android phone users can reload the cards (numbers started with U only) on the SPTC App, using NFC. Should a cardholder attempt", "Shanghai Public Transport Card be free. When 70 RMB is used on the same card on the Metro within one month, further metro fares are discounted 10%. This discount is applied after the Interchange discount, i.e. when both discounts are applied to a 4-RMB metro trip, the cost will be 2.7 RMB(The metro fare is 3 RMB after 1 RMB Interchange discount, then 10% discount on 3 RMB is 2.7 RMB.) For various reasons, free in-system transfer is not yet possible at some stations including the Shanghai Railway Station. While passengers with single-ride tickets must exit and re-enter at these stations to transfer between", "Shanghai Metro small convenience stores and banks throughout the city. The Shanghai Public Transportation Card can also be used to pay for other forms of transportation, such as taxi or bus. A one-day pass was introduced for the Expo 2010 held in Shanghai. The fare for the calendar day was set at 18 yuan, for unlimited travel within the metro system. This is not available through vending machines, but has to be purchased at Service Centers at metro stations. A three-day pass is available for Shanghai Metro. The fare for three days was set at 45 yuan, for unlimited travel within the", "Dou dizhu player (landlord/peasant), rocket and/or bomb, no deals played (a.k.a. \"spring\"). Since there are so many elements affecting score of the game in a round, it is hard to predict how big one will win or lose. The four-player version of \"dou dizhu\" is played mainly in Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces, including Shanghai. It uses a double deck, including two red and two black jokers – 108 cards altogether. Each player takes 25 cards and 8 cards are left over for the landlord, who plays alone from a hand of 33 cards against the other three players in partnership. The combinations", "Public transport in Shanghai Public transport in Shanghai Shanghai has an extensive public transport system, largely based on buses, trolley buses, taxis, and a rapidly expanding metro system. Shanghai has invested heavily in public transportation before and after the 2010 World Expo, including the construction of the Hongqiao Transportation Hub of high-speed rail, air, metro and bus routes. All public transport can be paid for using the contactless Shanghai Public Transportation Card. As of December 2017,the Shanghai Metro rapid-transit system and elevated light metro has 15 lines (numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16 and 17)", "Shanghai Public Transport Card to board a bus, ferry or the metro without sufficient funds in their card, an overdraft will be allowed if the balance (prior to the overdraft) is non-negative and the fare is less than 10 RMB. Personalized cards are also available upon request at the Transportation Card Service Center on West Nanjing Road for a fee of 60 yuan (not inclusive of any credit). The following discounts are available to card holders: When cardholders take a different bus within a 120-minute period from first touch-in on the previous bus, the second trip is discounted by 1 RMB, likewise the metro", "Shanghai Metro embedded with RFID contactless chips. When entering the system riders tap the ticket against a scanner above the turnstile, and when they exit they insert the ticket into a slot where it is stored and recycled. In addition to a Single-Ride ticket, the fare can be paid using a Shanghai public transport card, which is similar to the Octopus card of Hong Kong's MTR. This RFID-embedded card can be purchased at selected banks, convenience stores and metro stations with a 20-yuan deposit. This card can be loaded at ticket booths, Service Centers at the metro stations as well as many", "Shanghai rum Shanghai rum Shanghai rum is a Rummy card game, based on gin rummy and a variation of Contract rummy played by 3 to 8 players. It is also known as California rummy. Shanghai rum is played with multiple decks of 54 standard playing cards, including the Jokers. Two decks are required for game of up to four players. Five or six players require three decks. Aces are high (above a King) or low, (below 2). Each game has seven hands, and the rules for each hand are unique. One person begins as dealer for the first hand, and then the", "Yikatong to be further expanded for payments of parking fees and expressway tolls. By the end of 2011, 41.76 million Yikatong cards had been issued. The card can be bought against a deposit of CNY 20, and can be bought at most ticket counters at Beijing Subway stations and some bus stations. The cards can be refilled in units of CNY 10 at these counters, and by units of CNY 20, 50, or 100 in Beijing Subway ticket machines. The deposit is used to cover non-sufficient funds for a single trip, and can be refunded when the card is returned. After", "Shanghai rum of the deck or take the upcard. (Also, the other players in the game have the ability to get the up card.) After the player draws his card, either from the deck or the upcard, he must then choose any card in his hand to discard, and he then places this card face up on the discard pile. That card then becomes the new upcard, which the next player in turn can take or other players can buy. To get a card that isn't yours a player must say, “BUY\", before the next player draws their card, or else it", "Shanghai Public Transport Card (while the 120-min window starts from touch-out). But no discount is applied when taking two consecutive metro journeys. For example, a trip from Jinshajiang Road/Zhenbei Road (118 Plaza) to Zhangjiang High-Technology Park costs 7 RMB in cash(Bus 94 -> Metro Line 2), but with the SPTC, the cost is reduced to 6 RMB. On some bus routes which have a one-yuan fare, trips will be free. For example, exiting from a metro station and then taking a four-digit-route bus (usually serving a residential district quite far from the station, and having one-yuan fare due to subsidy), the bus section would", "Shanghai rum hand. After all seven hands are played, the winner is the player with the lowest score. Shanghai rum Shanghai rum is a Rummy card game, based on gin rummy and a variation of Contract rummy played by 3 to 8 players. It is also known as California rummy. Shanghai rum is played with multiple decks of 54 standard playing cards, including the Jokers. Two decks are required for game of up to four players. Five or six players require three decks. Aces are high (above a King) or low, (below 2). Each game has seven hands, and the rules for", "Yang Cheng Tong applied, such as access control of buildings and roll call in school. The system was successfully launched on 30 December 2001. According to official statistics from its operator, there are over 5 million cards in circulation and 2.2 million transactions per day. Yang Cheng Tong literally means \"Ram City Pass\", since the \"Five Rams\" () statue is one of the important landmarks in Guangzhou. \"Wu Yang Cheng\" or \"Yang Cheng\" are both well-known nicknames of Guangzhou among Chinese people. There are different types of the Yang Cheng Tong card, but their functions are basically the same. Compared to other contactless", "Darts the scorer gets 3 points. If the scorer hits the target number with a double-bullseye, this is called a ZARTRON! A player who scores a ZARTRON! gets 3 points and skips their next turn as setter, allowing an opportunity to score again right away. Shanghai is a darts game of accuracy. Hitting doubles and triples is paramount to victory. This game is played with at least two players. The standard version is played in 7 rounds. In round one players throw their darts aiming for the 1 section, round 2, the 2 section and so on until round 7. Standard", "Zi pai by calling, any melds that contains the card being called need to be exposed to other players as well. Gameplay — The game starts by a chosen player (if the first game) or the winner (of the previous game) drawing the first two cards. Each player then draws two cards until the lead has 20 cards in their hand and announces the end of the drawing phase by drawing one last card and discarding the first card. So each player has 20 cards to start with. Zi pai Zi Pai (), are Chinese playing cards that are popular mainly in", "Visa policy of China majority of passengers with Shanghai seeing over 125 passengers on a daily basis and over 15,000 visitors since the commencement of the 144-hour TWOV, while airports in smaller cities such as Wuhan, Tianjin, Xi'an and Kunming received less than 50 per month since the commencement, with Kunming only received a total of 133 travelers from October 2014 to September 2016. An immigration official in Kunming even said that it could take \"a few weeks\" before they can see the next passenger to utilize TWOV. Officials in these cities cited the lack of awareness of the policy, the restrictions on movements,", "Umbrella marketing releasing 500 umbrellas the first day. Like the widespread bike-sharing schemes in China, these umbrella scheme works with a deposit followed up by a pay-as-you-go service. In August 2017 Mosun was established as an umbrella sharing scheme in Shanghai, running across Shanghai's Line 2 Metro stations. In August 2017 Haier, the Chinese multinational consumer electronics company, also engaged in umbrella marketing through their launch of their custom umbrellas. Urbem Media, a Shanghai-based dining club, has similarly utilised umbrella marketing akin to other forms of guerilla marketing, whereby VIP members receive access to company customised umbrellas. Umbrella marketing Umbrella marketing refers", "Shanghai Public Transport Card lines (and therefore re-purchase tickets), Public Transportation Card holders are charged as if the two segments were one, as long as they re-enter within 30 minutes after they exited the other station. Fares are reduced during this process. Shanghai Public Transport Card The Shanghai Public Transportation Card (SPTC) or jiaotong yikatong ( also known as ) is a contactless card, utilizing RFID technology, which can be used to access many forms of public transport and related services in and around Shanghai. The SPTC is a form of rechargeable cash card, and allows access to, among other things in Shanghai: As", "Shengguan Tu different bureaus than the latter. The number of charts available ranges from 63 to 117. Each player is represented by a main token, alongside two other mandarin tokens. Each player starts off with 120 cash in tokens and as a student in China's imperial examination system who is able to rise up the ranks with the roll of the dice; ranking promotions or demotions arbitrarily correspond with the value rolled, and is dictated by a rules booklet available for reference during gameplay. Additionally, players who incur demotions have to pay fines. However, the game also includes the element of corruption;", "Shanghai rum and use it how he chooses anytime. A \"buy\" is when an out-of-turn player takes the upcard, draws 2 extra cards from the stock, and cannot play the cards immediately, but must wait for his turn. If more than one player wants it, the one closest to the dealer's left has precedence. There is a limit to the number of buys allowed. Each player is only allowed 2 (Genie Rules: 3 buys per hand) buys per hand. The object of each hand is to come up with the correct combination of cards to be able to meld, or \"lay out\".", "China Nepstar of December 31, 2007), Dalian (from 127 stores to 174 stores), Guangzhou (from 123 stores to 161 stores), Hangzhou (from 102 stores to 144 stores), Ningbo (from 73 stores to 96 stores), Dongguan (from 75 stores to 94 stores), Suzhou (from 54 stores to 70 stores), Tianjin (from 23 stores to 66 stores), and Shanghai (from 46 stores to 60 stores). China Nepstar Chain Drugstore Limited (NPD.NYSE) plans to open 1,050 new chain stores in 2008 and expects to have more than 3000 outlets with about eight million of registered customers by then, said Qian Jiannong, CEO of China Nepstar", "Puxi exceptions of Lines 5 and 6) pass by Puxi. Pudong and Puxi are connected by several tunnels, four major bridges, and Lines 2, 4, 7, 8 and 9 on the Shanghai Metro. The Shanghai Railway Station and Shanghai South Railway Station are also located in Puxi. Puxi Puxi (Chinese: , \"Pǔxī\", \"Phu-shi\", \"Huangpu West Bank\") is the historic center of Shanghai, China, and remains the home of approximately 48% of Shanghai's residents in an area of 288 km². \"Puxi\" is distinguished from \"Pudong\" to its east, which is separated from it by the Huangpu River. Despite the growing importance of", "Shanghai Metro airport and railway stations themselves offer a zero-distance transfer. Like many other metro systems in the world (Shanghai Metro) uses a distance-based fare system. The system uses a \"one-ticket network\", which means that interchanging is possible between all interchange stations, given that the transfer staying within the Shanghai Metro system, without the purchase of another ticket where available. The Shanghai Public Transport Card, which allows access to most public transport in Shanghai under one card, is another form of payment. Single-Journey tickets can be purchased from ticket vending machines, and at some stations, at a ticket window. Single-ride tickets are", "BakuCard used together with BakuCard until 30 September 2015. During this period balance and initial value of Metro Card could be transferred into Baku Card. BakuCard is applied to pay the subway fare, as well as bus fare on BakuBus lines. Two types of cards are used in a single system: Both cards can be purchased at BakuCard terminals at Baku metro stations, press kiosks, bus stops and other points with the BakuCard logo. BakuCard balance can be replenished using 10, 20, 50 kopecks coins, and 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 AZN banknotes at terminals. Price of a card", "Shanghai Public Transport Card Shanghai Public Transport Card The Shanghai Public Transportation Card (SPTC) or jiaotong yikatong ( also known as ) is a contactless card, utilizing RFID technology, which can be used to access many forms of public transport and related services in and around Shanghai. The SPTC is a form of rechargeable cash card, and allows access to, among other things in Shanghai: As of June 2006, the card has been interchangeable with the Wuxi Tai-Lake Transportation Card, and can also be used in Suzhou. There are five types of SPTCs: Only the Standard card has a refundable deposit (20 RMB); other", "Expressways of Shanghai part of the S7 Shanghai–Chongming Expressway. Expressways of Shanghai Shanghai has an expansive grade-separated highway and expressway network consisting of 16 municipal express roads, 10 provincial-level expressways, and 8 national-level expressways. Three municipal expressways and four provincial-level expressways are also under construction. Most municipal express roads are found in the inner districts of Shanghai, including several elevated highways which run directly above surface-level roadways. In Chinese, these expressways are literally termed \"city high-speed roadways\" (), and their maximum speed is typically . These are still considered expressways or controlled-access highways because of the presence of ramps, grade-separated junctions, and the", "Xujiahui bus routes, and by the Xujiahui metro station on Lines 1, 9 and 11 of the Shanghai Metro. Xujiahui was established in May 1994 as a subdistrict of Xuhui District, Shanghai. The subdistrict covers 4.04 square kilometres. There are 31624 households which total 94872 residents. There are roughly 110000 permanent residents in the district. The subdistrict is not co-extensive with the geographical locality. Xujiahui Xujiahui, formerly spelt Zikawei, Ziccawei or Siccawei from Shanghainese (), is a locality in Shanghai. It is a historic area of commerce and culture administratively within Xuhui District, which is named after the locality. The area", "Banking in China Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing, and Chengdu, are calling for a reliable credit data system. The PBOC is currently evaluating the feasibility of establishing a nationwide credit bureau. Other obstacles include lack of merchant acceptance and a weak infrastructure for card processing. At present, only 2% of merchants in China are equipped to handle card transactions, although in some major cities like Shanghai the percentage is over 30%. China UnionPay was established to set up a national processing network connecting merchants and banks. China UnionPay has set up bankcard network service centers in 18 cities in addition to a national bankcard information", "History of shogi Philadelphia during the first visit to the country by a Japanese diplomatic delegation. However, in the 1990s, efforts to make shogi popular outside Japan began in earnest. It has grown to be particularly popular in the People's Republic of China, and especially Shanghai. The January 2006 edition of states that Shanghai has a shogi population of 120,000 people. The game has been relatively slow to spread to countries where Chinese characters are not in common use, although attempts have been made to aid adoption by replacing the names of pieces with symbols indicating how they move. According to the by", "Shanghai rum is already considered \"dead\". Once a player discards their card the card underneath that card is now considered a \"dead\" card because it is no longer in the game. Players may \"not\" take these cards. Jokers are wild cards and can be played in the place of any card. A player is not allowed to have more jokers than face-cards in either a set or run. An example of this would be if one is trying to get a set he must have three or more cards of the same rank (8/8/8). But if a player has a joker or", "Shanghai cannot be driven until the owner buys a license in the monthly private car license plate auction. Around 11,500 license plates are auctioned each month and the average price is about 84,000 RMB ($12,758). According to the municipal regulation in 2016, only those who are Shanghai registered residents or have paid social insurance or individual incomer tax for over 3 years in a row. The purpose of this policy is to limit the growth of automobile traffic and to alleviate congestion. Shanghai has four major railway stations: Shanghai Railway Station, Shanghai South Railway Station, Shanghai West Railway Station, and Shanghai", "Khanhoo by two or more persons with one complete pack of one hundred and twenty cards. There are four copies of each card. The three suits in the deck are: The three extra cards that act as wild cards: In the Qing version of the game the following triplets are called \"ngán\" (eyes) which are descended from Ming special combos: A winning hand must contain at least one of the above combinations called \"eyes\" and the remaining cards must be arranged in one or more combinations called \"pát tsz\" (boys), a sequence of three or more cards of the same suit,", "Shanghai rubber stock market crisis importance of not drawing funds from Shanghai Custom Treasury. However, the Grand Council still considered this request as intimidation, and criticized Cai that he had to finish drawing in two months. Therefore, Shanghai Government had to ask funds of 2 millions Tael from Fengrun and Yishanyuan Bank. Due to Cai's drawing, accomplished the incident that the foreign banks suddenly refused the promissory note of 21 Chinese native banks in Shanghai on October 7, Fengrun bankrupted, which led to a chain reaction of six banks' bankrupts. Thus, the foreign banks stopped the loans and requested for debts. The loans suddenly decreased", "EvCard services in the world. Their customer base mainly comprises university students and teachers and the self-employed. The majority of the users are between 21 and 35 years old, about 70% of whom are men. EvCard EvCard () is a Chinese carsharing company launched in Shanghai by SAIC Group in 2015. It is China's first electric vehicle rental service. As of July 2017, it had around 6,000 cars and 3,000 stations in Shanghai. EvCard also operates in 31 other Chinese cities with 5,200 branches and nearly 30,000 parking lots. The company charges 15 yuan for the first half hour and 0.6", "Octopus card Octopus software, for example, to add value (up to HK$1,000) to any Octopus card without authorization. Nevertheless, as of 2003, the Octopus card and system had never been hacked. Octopus card reader includes a fail-safe that prevents reader from initiating transaction when more than one card is being detected at the same time. On 11 February 2009, \"Sing Tao Daily\" reported that the fail-safe has been abused for fare evasion through the railway station turnstile. A large number of dishonest mainland Chinese passengers at Sheung Shui Station and Lo Wu Station were stacking up 4 or more cards before breaking", "Shanghai rum the melds that have been completed either by himself or by other players. For example, if a player has laid down a set of 8's, and on a subsequent turn he then draws another 8, he can play this 8 on his set of 8's. He does this by placing the 8 with the set of 8's. If he has a card that he would like to play on a run, he must be sure to keep the order of the run. For example, if there is a run of 5 consisting of 4-5-6-7-8 of clubs, the player can play", "Expressways of Shanghai Expressways of Shanghai Shanghai has an expansive grade-separated highway and expressway network consisting of 16 municipal express roads, 10 provincial-level expressways, and 8 national-level expressways. Three municipal expressways and four provincial-level expressways are also under construction. Most municipal express roads are found in the inner districts of Shanghai, including several elevated highways which run directly above surface-level roadways. In Chinese, these expressways are literally termed \"city high-speed roadways\" (), and their maximum speed is typically . These are still considered expressways or controlled-access highways because of the presence of ramps, grade-separated junctions, and the absence of traffic lights. Most of", "Shanghai transportation tools can be made by using the Shanghai Public Transportation Card. Shanghai's rapid transit system, the Shanghai Metro, incorporates both subway and light metro lines and extends to every core urban district as well as neighboring suburban districts. , there are 16 metro lines (excluding the Shanghai Maglev Train and Jinshan Railway), 395 stations and of lines in operation, making it the longest network in the world. On 31 December 2016, it set a record of daily ridership of 11.7 million. The fare depends on the length of travel distance starting from 3 RMB. In 2010, Shanghai reintroduced trams,", "Khanhoo or points is equivalent to \"meld\". The original Ming game was a multi-trick-taking game for two or three players. The following rules were written by Pan Zhiheng in 1613. It uses a Madiao deck but strips it of the suit of Tens with the exception of the Thousand Myriad card. The remaining thirty cards are arranged from lowest to highest: Like all Chinese card games, play is counter-clockwise. The eldest is chosen by drawing the highest card. If there are two players, each will get 13 cards with four going to the stock, which isn't used. With three players, each", "Shenzhen Metro on Line 11 directly. Instead, they must get off at any transfer stations with Line 11 and purchase a separate yellow token. Note that as of 2015, many machines accept only 5 or 10 RMB notes. The token(s) are only valid at the station where issued. Passengers are unable to buy an extra token for return journey prior to departure. Baggage X-Ray machines are located at each station, and may be manned during peak hours. Shenzhen Tong is a pre-paid currency card similar to Oyster Card system in London and the Octopus card system used in Hong Kong. The multiple", "Shanghai Metro Yan'an Park on People's Square. It has the second largest number of exits (totalling 17) in the stations of the metro system. Xujiahui (Lines 1, 9 and 11) is located in the major Xujiahui commercial center of Shanghai. Six large shopping malls and eight large office towers are each within a three-minute walk of one of the station's exits, numbering a total of 18 since the addition of the four in the Line 9 part of the station that opened in December 2009. This is the largest number of exits of all the stations on the system. This station is", "Transport in Shenzhen the operators have to set the bus fares according to a guideline. Bus fares usually range from 2 RMB to 10 RMB, except for branches, where the fare can be 1 RMB or 2 RMB, and privately-operated premium services, which may be charged as much as 30 RMB. Fare has to be given when boarding the bus in short-haul routes and expresses with no charge. However, for most long-haul routes, fare is collected manually according to the travel distance of the passenger. Shenzhen Tong IC Card is accepted on most of the bus routes with 20% off at least, except", "Qibao Adventures of Tintin\" was based. Qibao is also known for crickets (with a \"Cricket House\") in the Qibao Old Town area. Located in the western suburbs of Shanghai, Qibao covers an area of . It can be accessed by taking Shanghai Metro Line 9 to Qibao Station. , it has 54 residential communities (居委会) and nine villages under its administration. Qibao Qibao (; Shanghainese: tshihpau) is a town in Minhang District, Shanghai. Its formation can be traced back to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, to the Northern Song Dynasty. The name comes from the local temple, \"Qibao Temple\".", "Shanghai particulate matter in Shanghai rose above 600 micrograms per cubic meter and in the surrounding area, above 700 micrograms per cubic metre. Levels of PM in Putuo District reached 726 micrograms per cubic meter. As a result, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission received orders to suspend students' outdoor activities. Authorities pulled nearly one-third of government vehicles from the roads, while a mass of construction work was halted. Most of inbound flights were cancelled, and more than 50 flights were diverted at Pudong International Airport. On 23 January 2014, Yang Xiong, the mayor of Shanghai municipality announced that three main measures", "Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai World Financial Center The Shanghai World Financial Center (SWFC; ) is a supertall skyscraper located in the Pudong district of Shanghai. It was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and developed by the Mori Building Company, with Leslie E. Robertson Associates as its structural engineer and China State Construction Engineering Corp and Shanghai Construction (Group) General Co. as its main contractor. It is a mixed-use skyscraper, consisting of offices, hotels, conference rooms, observation decks, and ground-floor shopping malls. Park Hyatt Shanghai is the tower's hotel component, comprising 174 rooms and suites occupying the 79th to the 93rd floors, which at", "Shanghai rubber stock market crisis 21, Yishanyuan bankrupted and left the debt of 14 millions Tael. Since Fengrun and Yishanyuan were huge banks and their sub-agents were all over the China, their bankrupts led to a panic among people in Beijing, Guangzhou, Chongqing and other main cities. In the earlier 1910, Shanghai totally had 91 native banks. Due to the influence of this crisis, 48 of them (53%) went bankrupt, with a loss of 19.33 million Tael. After this crisis, most rubber companies still kept their business, but the reputation had been ruined. Although they still attempted to find some solutions to attract stock-holders, the", "Debit card and government departments. However, as UnionPay cards are accepted more widely overseas, consumers can use the UnionPay functionality of the bank card to make purchases directly from the bank account. Visa debit cards are uncommon in Hong Kong. The British banking firm HSBC's subsidiary Hang Seng Bank's Enjoy card and American firm Citibank's ATM Visa are two of the Visa debit cards available in Hong Kong. Debit cards usage in Hong Kong is relatively low, as the credit card penetration rate is high in Hong Kong. In Q1 2017, there are near 20 million credit cards in circulation, about 3", "Shanghai rum of 4\" is the 4, 5, 6, and 7 of clubs. An example of a combination for a hand is for hand #2, \"1 set of 3 and 1 run of 4.\" This means that a player must have both a set of 3 cards and a run of 4 cards in his hand before he can meld. A player can meld only when it is his turn. As always, he must start his hand by drawing a card, then when he has the correct sequence of cards, he can meld or \"go down.\" He does so by laying his", "HKR International Taikoo Hui locates in Jing’an district in Shanghai. Key anchor tenants include the first international Starbucks Roastery and Reserve Tasting Room in Asia and the largest CitySuper supermarket in mainland China. There are over 40 dining outlets, offering various types of cuisine, including Shanghai Club, the premium brand under Jardin de Jade, and Paris Blanc, a grill house managed by Paris Group. HKRI has other residential projects in Zhejiang Province and Shanghai. City One in Jiaxing provides about 600 units, while the adjacent Riviera One, is composed of low- and high-rise apartment units. Other projects include Oasis One in Hangzhou,", "Pudong district in Shanghai. According to the 2010 Census, it has 5,044,430 people in 1,814,802 families, around 1/4 of Shanghai's total population, an explosive growth since the last census thanks to immigrants. Pudong's resident population growth is well above national average because it is a popular immigration destination. The 2010 census shows a 58.26% increase in the last decade, or an annual pace of 4.7%. In particular, the district saw am immigration growth of 189.5%, or an annual pace of 11.22%. Excluding immigrants, the birth rate is 0.806% while the death rate is 0.729, resulting a net growth of 0.077%. The", "Big two Big two Big two (also known as deuces and various other names), is a card game of Chinese origin. It is similar to the games of president, crazy eights, cheat, winner, and other shedding games. The game is very popular in East Asia and South East Asia, especially throughout China, Indonesia, Macau, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Taiwan and Singapore. It is played both casually and as a gambling game. It is usually played with two to four players, the entire deck being dealt out in either case (or sometimes with only 13 cards per player, if there are fewer than four", "Shanghai Metro from one subway line to another. In order to receive a discounted fare, passengers must use a Shanghai public transport card (SPTC) instead of Single-Ride tickets. A transit-card only transfer station is a station where two lines meet, but unlike a physical interchange, there is no direct pathway between them within the paid fare area. Passengers wishing to interchange must exit the paid fare area for the first line, walk a short distance on the street, and re-enter the paid fare area for the second line. Since June 1, 2008, passengers interchanging using a Shanghai public transport card have their", "Guangzhou Metro when entering and insert it into a slot at the exit gate where the token is reclaimed. Full base fares are charged for single journey tickets for individuals. Passengers travelling in groups of 30 or larger can enjoy a 10% discount. Yang Cheng Tong () is a contactless smartcard which can be used on the metro and most other forms of public transport in Guangzhou. Yang Cheng Tong offers discounts for rides on buses and the metro. Within each month, bus and metro rides combined, a 5% discount is available for the first 15 journeys and a 40% discount for", "Shanghai rum The combination for each hand is different, and they become more difficult with each subsequent hand. The combinations for each hand are either sets or runs (sequence) or a combination of both. A set is a combination of a specific number of cards of the same rank, and the suit is not important. An example of a \"set of 3\" is three cards that are all 8's, and the 8's can all be of different suits. A run is a combination of a specific number of cards of the same suit that have consecutive ranks. An example of a \"run", "Shuping Scholarship Although there were 80 hospitals in Shanghai, they all required payments before admission, especially in emergency cases. This made it very difficult especially for the poor with no ready cash. For those with emergency, lives were often lost through lack of money and delay in getting it. Koo persuaded a group of his close like minded friends to join him in setting up a substantial fund to combat this problem. Any emergency patient requiring hospitalization, who had immediate financial difficulty would call on the fund, which, after appropriate but prompt screening, will front the expense to allow the patient to", "Typhoon Fitow people were forced to evacuate, with 289 temporary shelters opened. Damage in the city alone totaled about ¥20 billion (RMB, $3.25 billion USD). In Ningbo in eastern Zhejiang, Fitow wrecked 26,180 houses and damaged local fish farms, killing 51,000 tons of fish. The storm forced 18,134 factories to shut down, and there were also power and telecommunication outages. In Shanghai, high waters along the Huangpu River damaged a portion of a flood prevention wall. Rainfall caused several matches to be canceled at the 2013 Shanghai Masters. Flooding closed the city zoo and 60 parks, and entered 600 houses. In Cangnan", "Pok Deng remaining cards become the draw pile. Play goes in the same order that the cards were dealt. During a player's turn, that person has the option of drawing a card (hitting) or not (staying). A player may only draw one card from the top of the draw pile, meaning each player ends up with only two or three cards per game. (Because each player can have up to three cards, seventeen is the maximum number of players before cards would run out.) If the player's starting hand of two cards has a \"taem\" (described below) of eight or nine, that", "Busan Metro than and 1500 won for any other destinations. Tickets are sold at \"\"Ticket Vending Machines\"\". Usually most machines will accept 1000 won notes as well as coins. Tickets should be kept since they are required to leave the station once reaching destination, and getting caught \"jumping the gate\" will result in a hefty fine. The use of a metro pass, either a Hanaro Card (하나로카드) or a Digital Busan Card (디지털부산카드) will offer a fare discount of 10% to adults and 20% to youth of 13-18 of age. Both the \"Hanaro\" and the \"Digital Busan\" cards, are available in either", "Beijing Subway enter a station, the \"Yikatong\" card must have a minimum balance of ¥3.00. To prevent fraud, passengers are required to complete their journeys within four hours upon entering the subway. If the four-hour limit is exceeded, a surcharge of ¥3 is imposed. Each \"Yikatong\" card is allowed to be overdrawn once. The overdrawn amount is deducted when credits are added to the card. \"Yikatong\" card users who spend more than ¥100 on subway fare in a calendar month will receive credits to their card the following month. After reaching ¥100 of spending in one calendar month, 20% of any further", "Shanghai Pudong Development Bank shares of the issue were listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange on November 10, 1999 (stock code 600000). The purpose of SPDB is to provide financial services for the development of Pudong, building Shanghai into one of the great international financial hubs, and to contribute to the national economic development and social progress. By the end of 2004, the bank's total assets reached RMB 455.53 billion. The outstanding balance of all deposits stood at RMB 395.38 billion and outstanding loans of RMB 310.9 billion. After-tax profits totaled RMB 1930 million. The bank has set up 30 branches and offices in", "Scoring in Mahjong the Shanghai variant is high, due to the diverse number of scoring criteria and inflated values for rarer hands such as the \"thirteen terminals\". Because of the inflated point values, there is generally a minimum point value in the Shanghai variant. Singaporean scoring is similar to that of the Chinese Classical system, but accounts for the different set of tiles used therein. Again, standard payment variations apply, although variants exist where the dealer must also pay and receive double. The Japanese scoring system is the system that is found in many Mahjong video games. In this variation, each player starts", "Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre up to . Besides the two fastest elevators, the building has 28 double-deck elevators (with speeds of 150–450 m/min.), 13 high-speed elevators (210–600 m/min.), and 52 medium- and low-speed elevators. The designers chose for double-deck elevators in order to minimize the number of elevator shafts. The offices, apartments, and the hotel all have separate elevators. The Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre was first meant to be similar to the Guangzhou International Finance Center, that is situated on the other side of the central axis of Zhujiang New Town, but it was decided to make the new skyscraper taller and to give", "Chunghwa (cigarette) was incorporated into the Shanghai Tobacco Company. By March 1953, Chunghwa had a total production of 16,000 boxes. Due to the small number of raw materials, Chunghwa production was low during the Cultural Revolution, and its production was lower than the yield of the 1950s. In 1984, the Shanghai Tobacco Monopoly Bureau and the Shanghai Tobacco Company were established for the implementation of unified management and marketing of the tobacco industry in Shanghai. From 1984 to 1992, Chunghwa sold more than 160,000 cigarettes boxes. In 1997, Chunghwa had an annual output of 10 million boxes. In 2011 there were sales", "Shanghai Metro trip regarded as one journey and the distance will be accumulated for fare calculation. Passengers must exit a station and re-enter another within 30 minutes using the same Shanghai public transport card. Those using single-ride tickets cannot use virtual transfers and must purchase a new ticket. In some cases, virtual interchanges in place during a period of construction were superseded by physical interchanges at the completion of the construction. For example, Hongkou Football Stadium station was previously a virtual interchange between Line 3 and Line 8. Another previously virtual interchange was South Shaanxi Road station between Line 1 and Line", "Khanhoo gets nine cards with three going to the stock. The eldest can lead with singles or three card melds, others follow with the exact number of cards. Each captured card is worth 1 point but there are bonus points for method of capture. If singles are thrown, it can be beaten by a card from a higher suit; an exception is the Thousand Myriad which can only beat other Myriads. Winning with the 5 Myriad awards 2 bonus points while winning with the 8 Myriad gives 3 bonus points. Three types of melds can be led: This game is played", "Madiao on these cards can vary depending on the region or manufacturer. Usually they play no role in games, however in Feng's version they do. In the suits of cash and strings, the pips were copied from banknotes such as the \"jiaozi\" and \"chao\". Unlike the other cards, the half cash displays a sprig of flowers. Ten cards contain red stamps mimicking banknote seals are known as red cards which carry bonuses: Myriad Myriad, Thousand Myriad, Hundred Myriad, 20 Myriad, 9 Myriad, 1 Myriad, 9 Strings, 1 String, Zero Cash, and 9 Cash. Seating and the banker is decided through drawing", "Octopus card fare collection and contactless smartcard payment system. According to Octopus Cards Limited, operator of the Octopus card system, there are more than 33 million cards in circulation, nearly five times the population of Hong Kong. The cards are used by 99 per cent of the population of Hong Kong aged 16 to 65. The system handles more than 14 million transactions, worth over HK$180 million, on a daily basis. Previously, Hong Kong's Mass Transit Railway (MTR) adopted a system to recirculate magnetic plastic cards as fare tickets when it started operations in 1979. Another of the territory's railway networks, the", "Changshu 500 Taiwan enterprises have invested more than US$100 million in the city. UPM-Kymmene from Finland has been running a paper mill in the city since 1999 and now has an annual capacity of 200,000 tons of coated and 600,000 tons of uncoated fine paper. Changshu is divided into 9 towns and 2 subdistricts. The China National Highway 204 Yantai-Nantong-Changshu-Shanghai, Sujiahang Expressway and Suzhou-Jiaxing-Hangzhou all pass through Changshu. Changshu has one Yangtze River crossing, the Sutong Yangtze River Bridge, one of the longest cable-stayed bridges in the world. United World College of Changshu China Changshu Changshu (; Suzhounese: Zaon so) is", "Shanghai 2,000 non-Chinese nationals under 18 years of age attended Shanghai public schools. Students with Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) above 3 or 4 may attend public schools using Mandarin Chinese as the medium of instruction, while students below HSK 3–4 may attend international divisions of public schools or private international schools. Shanghai has the largest number of international schools of any city in China. In November 2015 Christopher Cottrell of the \"Global Times\" wrote that Shanghai \"prides itself on its international schools\". Shanghai has an extensive public transport system, largely based on metros, buses and taxis. Payment of all these public", "Yikatong 3 kinds of short-term passes were introduced on 2 February 2007 for tourists. There are 3-day, 7-day and 14-day passes for buses only, which cost CNY 10, CNY 20, and CNY 40 respectively, with usage limitations as 18, 42, and 90 respectively. Those cards also requires CNY 20 deposit which will be refunded. No refills available for those short term cards. No photo is required, and cards can be transferred. The card can also be used at selected cinema, supermarkets and restaurants, such as cinemas of New Film Association, Walmart or Kentucky Fried Chicken franchises. It can be used to", "Plaza 66 for their flagship stores in Shanghai. They include Louis Vuitton, Hermes, Cartier, Chanel, Dior, Celine, Escada, Bvlgari, Fendi, Loewe, Prada, Versace and Lanvin. The building was up until 2010 the location for M2, one of the most famous nightclubs in Shanghai. M2 was relocated to another location the same year. Plaza 66 Plaza 66 () is a commercial and office complex in Shanghai, consisting of a shopping mall and two skyscrapers. The shopping mall has 5 levels with a total area of over 50,000 square metres. Tower One is high and was completed in 2001, while Tower 2 is high", "Dragon Booster Trading Card Game no more than 4 copies of any given event or maneuver. The \"dragon deck\" is made up of dragon cards, crew cards, and gear cards. It must contain at least 1 dragon, and can have no more than 2 copies of any particular card, with a maximum of 10 cards total. Starter decks contain 60 random cards (39 commons, 18 uncommons, and 3 rares), as well as a demo pack made up of 13 additional cards. The package also includes a \"Dragon Pack\" containing a plastic dragon card plus 4 cards of gear/crew, a playmat, and a rulebook. Booster packs", "Shanghai Tang brand is noted for its use of bright colours. The original Shanghai Tang store was on the ground floor of Pedder Building, Central, Hong Kong; this was followed by 24 outlets worldwide, including Bangkok, Beijing, Honolulu, London, Miami, New York City, Las Vegas, Madrid, Paris, Shanghai, Tokyo, Singapore and Macau. They are often located in well-known areas such as Singapore's Orchard Road, Bangkok's Sukhumvit Road, and Shanghai's Xintiandi. After 17 years, the 6,300 sqft flagship store in Hong Kong's Pedder Building closed in October 2011, with rising rents being cited as the main reason. In the meantime, the company set", "Yan'an Road streetscape in this part of the city, the eastern-most section of the expressway, from just east of the Shanghai Natural History Museum to the Bund, was demolished, replaced in part by the Bund Tunnel, a tunnel via which cars were funneled into a new underground roadway under the Bund. In 2017, a bus rapid transit line called Route 71 Yan'an Road Medium Capacity Transit opened along of Yan'an Road with 25 stations. Yan'an Road Yan'an Road (; : Yi'ue Lu) is a road in Shanghai, a major east-west thoroughfare through the centre of the city. The modern Yan'an Road is", "Shanghai Pudong International Airport 15/33 is not in operation. Terminal 1 was opened on October 1, 1999 along with a 4000-metre runway and including a cargo hub. It was built to handle the demand for traffic and to relieve Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport's traffic. The exterior of Terminal 1 is shaped like a seagull, and has 28 gates, 13 of which are double decker gates. The capacity of Terminal 1 is 20 million passengers. It currently has 204 check-in counters, thirteen luggage conveying belts and covers an area of 280,000 square metres. The gates for Terminal 1 is 1–12, 14–29 (linked with jetway), while", "Shanghai Metro the physical line and its service. The only exception is the segment shared by Lines 3 and 4, between Hongqiao Road station and Baoshan Road station, where both services use the same tracks and platforms. Partial service patterns exist on Lines 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 17. Partial services serve only a (usually busier) sub-segment of the entire physical line. In addition, Line 2 has a piecewise service pattern whereby the suburban segment between Guanglan Road station and Pudong International Airport station is served by a 4-car fleet separately. Passengers traveling across Guanglan Road on", "Baoshan District, Shanghai factory, still a major producer of iron and steel. Rovio Entertainment has its China offices in Baoshan District. The Shidongkou Power Station () is located along the Yangtze. Baoshan is currently served by three metro lines operated by Shanghai Metro: Baoshan District, Shanghai , is a suburban district of Shanghai. It has an area of and had a population of 1,905,000 at the time of the 2010 Chinese census. The area was the scene of heavy fighting during the Battle of Shanghai. As of 2015 many economic migrants from Chongming Island had moved to Baoshan District. The Anti-Japanese War Memorial", "Shanghai Commercial Bank for the Lehman Brothers Minibonds Repurchase Scheme had a negative impact on the Bank’s cost-to-income ratio and it increased to 43.7 percent. Excluding the additional compensation, the ratio would have been 34.9 percent; in 2008, it was 34.3 percent. The bank is obtaining the necessary approval to upgrade the Shanghai representative office to full branch status. Also, the bank is committed to the “Green Channel”, a convenient one-stop platform of premium banking services in the Greater China region, for the VIP customers of the three banks: Shanghai Commercial Bank in Hong Kong, Bank of Shanghai on Mainland China and The", "Jinjiang Hotel Jinjiang Hotel Shanghai Jinjiang Hotel (a.k.a. Jin Jiang Hotel) is a luxury hotel in Shanghai. The main part of the hotel comprises two early 20th century apartment buildings, set around two lawns. The hotel contains 515 guest rooms, which include both modern facilities and traditional furniture and decor. The hotel covers an area of about 30,000 square metres, of which 10,000 square metres are covered with green leisure space, flowers, and trees. The current Jinjiang Hotel was converted from three buildings: the 13-storey Cathay Mansion apartment building completed in 1929, the 18-storey Grosvenor House apartment building completed in 1934, and", "Chess in China 1998. Karpov's second visit took him to Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai and Guangzhou – four of the five largest cities in China. He also took the opportunity to launch the Chinese edition of his book \"Disney's Guide to Chess\" and appeared to autograph his books at major bookstores in each city he visited. There were 20,000 copies for the first printing and more than half were sold within one week of his visit. Karpov played a total of five exhibitions and once again, the immense publicity raised the interest of chess to another level. At present, in terms of media publicity,", "China Art Museum dozen bus lines. Admissions are free except for special exhibitions, which cost 20 yuan. The museum is closed on Mondays except for national holidays. In the first year of its operation, China Art Museum received nearly 2 million visitors. China Art Museum The China Art Museum, also called the China Art Palace (; Shanghainese: \"Zongwu Nyizeh Ghon\") or its original name, Shanghai Art Museum, is a museum of modern Chinese art located in Pudong, Shanghai. The museum is housed in the former China Pavilion of Expo 2010. It is one of the largest art museums in Asia. The predecessor of", "Banking in China credit cards in Korea only). Furthermore, when China entered the WTO, geographic restrictions placed on RMB-denominated business was phased out in four major cities—Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Dalian. Then, on December 1, 2002, foreign-funded banks were allowed to commence RMB-denominated business in Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Qingdao, Nanjing and Wuhan. In 1994, China started the \"Golden Card Project,\" enabling cards issued by banks to be used all over the country through a network. The establishment of the China Association of Banks rapidly promoted the inter-bank card network and by the end of 2004, the inter-region-inter-bank network had reached 600 cities, including all", "Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (Macau) S.A. in 1989, and is a wholly owned subsidiary. It was said to be the first bank in Greater China to offer a pre-paid debit card. Seng Heng Bank operates more than 210 service outlets, including 106 branches. Seng Heng also maintains a branch in Shenzhen for foreign currency wholesale business, branches in Macau and Singapore, and representative offices in Xiamen and Taipei. Seng Heng Bank, through its wholly owned mainland China subsidiary, Hang Seng Bank (China) Limited, operates a network of 33 outlets in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Fuzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Tianjin and Kunming. On December 31,", "Jin Mao Tower was fully operational in 1999. The Jin Mao Tower is owned by the China Jin Mao Group Co. Ltd (formerly China Shanghai Foreign Trade Centre Co. Ltd). It reportedly has a daily maintenance cost of 1 million RMB (US$121,000). The building has 3 main entrances to the lobby: two for the office portion and one for the hotel. The basement has express elevators to the observation deck and a parking area for 600 vehicles and 7,500 bicycles. In total, 61 Mitsubishi elevators and 19 escalators carry visitors throughout the building. Levels 51, 52, and 89–93 are mechanical floors, accessible only", "Sheng ji 10s are worth 10 points each, while 5s are worth 5 points each, although the presence of the points do not affect the order of the cards. In two decks, there are a total of 200 points. All other cards do not contain points. For the opponents, the goal of each round is to obtain 80 points or more in one round to become declarers in the next round, while for the declarers, it would be preventing the opponents from obtaining 80 points, and thus raising their team's rank. The cards are dealt out in Chinese fashion, where the players", "Shanghai–Kowloon through train at Hung Hom station. The same rule also applies to Northbound travelers who will clear Chinese immigration once they have arrived at Shanghai station. 144-hour visa-free transit for passengers who are of selected nationalities are available since 30 January 2016. Shanghai–Kowloon through train uses 25T class train carriages. The train has 18 carriages in total. But only 11 carriages go to Hong Kong because other 7 carriages serve Z99A/Z100A, they are separated (for Z99B go to Hong Kong) at the Guangzhou East railway station. Shanghai–Kowloon through train The Shanghai–Kowloon through train is an intercity railway service between Kowloon station (also", "Khanhoo or three cards of the same rank. All aces (1s), the red flower, white flower, and old thousand, may be added to these \"eyes\", to the sequences or triplets to form a winning hand. The dealer is chosen by drawing a card from the pack and counting the players up to the number of the card drawn. The dealer deals the first card to himself and fourteen others to each of the players, so that in the end he has fifteen. As this is the number needed for a winning hand, and the dealer alone has this number, he is", "Zi pai \"formal\" style (). Every card is quadrupled to bring the total to 80 cards. Numbers 2, 7 and 10 are printed in red, and all others are printed in black. Some decks may have extra cards that act as wild cards. \"2-7-10\" () is the standard game played with these cards. It is a draw-and-discard type game like Mahjong and Rummy. Usually there are only three players in each game. The winner is the player who reaches 18 points first. Suits — There are two suits: big and small () differentiated by both colours and their characters/patterns. The big suit", "Grass Skyline card, soldiers card, press card, tour card, the disabled card People, as well as grassland along the road in the production and living of villagers and enterprises and institutions to implement free of charge. In addition, holders of my student card can enjoy half price. The range of tickets collected covers all areas of \"Grass Skyline\", from west to east, across Shangyi, Wanquan, Zhangbei, Chongli, Guyuan five counties, a total length of more than 300 kilometers. (Currently only one 132.7 km was opened to traffic, two to be built). 50 tickets covering the two sections. June 19, 2015, Zhangjiakou price", "Madame Tussauds Hong Kong the New World Department Store at West Nanjing Road. The Shanghai outlet houses nearly 75 wax figures of local and internationally known celebrities to date, and will add more in its second and third phases. The museum opens all year round from 10 am to 10 pm daily and it is divided up into seven themed sections: Glamour, Behind the Scenes, History and Heroes, Music, Film, Speed and Sport. Admission fee is RMB 135 (US$20) for adults and RMB 100 for students. Madame Tussauds Shanghai is the Tussauds Group's sixth waxwork museum after London, Amsterdam, Las Vegas, New York City", "Financial services in China Gao Hua Securities Co. because of his weak Chinese language abilities. In 1994, China started the \"Golden Card Project,\" enabling cards issued by banks to be used all over the country through a network. The establishment of the China Association of Banks rapidly promoted the inter-bank card network and by the end of 2004, the inter-region-inter-bank network had reached 600 cities, including all prefecture-level cities and more than 300 economically developed county-level cities. PRC citizens may apply for an international ATM card corresponding to an interbank network such as Cirrus or PLUS, but foreign residents may not. Foreign residents in", "Minhang District for domestic flights. The fast food chain Yonghe King has its headquarters in Minhang District. Want Want China, the milk manufacturer, has its headquarters in the district. International schools include: Minhang is currently served by six metro lines operated by Shanghai Metro: Minhang District Minhang District, is a suburban district of Shanghai with a land area of and population of 2,429,000 residents as of 2010. The original Minhang consist of present-day Jiangchuan Road Subdistrict (Former Minhang Town) and the eastern strip of Wujing along the Huangpu River in 1992, the surrounding Shanghai County merged with Minhang. It is mostly a", "Shun Tak Holdings Macau. Until late 2010, Stanley Ho controlled the company. An 11.55 per cent stake in Shun Tak was transferred by Ho to Hanika Realty, a company controlled by second wife Lucina Laam and his five children with her. The transfer made Hanika Shun Tak's biggest single shareholder. In April 2015, Shun Tak Holdings Ltd purchased hotel property in Shanghai for RMB700 million (MOP900 million). In January 2017, Shun Tak acquired Singapore commercial complex for US$246.75 million. The company has extensive shipping and property holdings. Shipping companies owned include: Conwick Investment Ltd; Far East Hydrofoil Company Ltd; Hong Kong Macao Hydrofoil", "Four Color Cards in China, there was a need for cards that could be disposed of easily. Also because of the Chinese revolution and lower class connections, written rules for the game are rarely found. Hence there can be many versions of the official rules depending on the region and the household. A standard deck consists of 112 cards, divided into four colors, 28 cards each, depicting the seven Chinese chess pieces. In each color there are cards printed with each of the seven pieces of xiangqi, repeated four times each, like in mahjong. The objective of this game is very similar to", "China Art Museum was divided into five units. The exhibition ended on 30 September 2013. The museum frequently hosts special themed exhibitions. In its first year of operation it hosted more than a dozen special exhibitions including Taiwanese art, the second Shanghai Photography Exhibition, and Gustave Courbet and Jean-François Millet from the collection of the Musée d'Orsay of Paris. The museum is located at 205 Shangnan Road in Pudong, Shanghai. It has its own station, the China Art Museum Station, on Shanghai Metro Line 8. It is also accessible via Yaohua Road Station on Line 7 and Line 8, and more than a", "Shanghai and Hengsha and most (but not all) of Chongming Island form Chongming. The former district of Nanhui was absorbed into Pudong District in 2009. In 2011 Luwan District merged with Huangpu District. , these county-level divisions are further divided into the following 210 township-level divisions: 109 towns, 2 townships, 99 subdistricts. Those are in turn divided into the following village-level divisions: 3,661 neighborhood committees and 1,704 village committees. Shanghai is the commercial and financial center of China, and ranks 13th in the 2017 edition of the Global Financial Centres Index (and fourth most competitive in Asia after Singapore, Hong Kong,", "Shanghai Centre Shanghai Centre Shanghai Centre () is located on West Nanjing Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai. It is a comprehensive building complex consisting of three towers rising from an eight-storey base. Designed by John C. Portman, Jr., the Shanghai Centre was one of the very first contemporary skyscrapers to be built in Shanghai. It occupies a prestige location, across West Nanjing Road from the Russian neo-classical style Shanghai Exhibition Centre complex, with whose central axis the Shanghai Centre's central axis is aligned. The whole complex hosts 472 apartment units, 30,000 sq. meters of high-end office area, a supermarket, three stories of luxury", "Public transport in Shanghai routes are numbered - some have names exclusively in Chinese. Bus fares are usually ¥2, sometimes higher or lower, while Metro fares run from ¥3 to ¥11 depending on distance. Shanghai has the world's oldest continually operating trolley bus system. All trolley buses operate on select routes numbered under 30. All trolleybuses are now air-conditioned. Taxi fare is regulated by Shanghai Government at rate ¥2.40/km or ¥3.20/km after 23:00. (¥14.00(sedan)/¥18(MPV) for the first 3 km, ¥18.00 after 23:00). The Shanghai Maglev Train, first commercial Maglev railway in the world, was constructed by Transrapid of Germany in cooperation with the Shanghai", "Macau (card game) are used differently by different players. Usually, their actions are interchanged and when starting a game, players agree on what each card does. The most commonly agreed upon actions in Bucharest and other areas are as follows: 2 players are dealt 7 cards each, 3 or more players are dealt 5 cards each; the top card of the deck then becomes the first card in the discard pile. Play starts to the dealer’s left. As with the standard gameplay, the next card must be of the same suit or same value. Alternatively, an Ace or a Queen can be played", "Buses in Shanghai Buses in Shanghai Shanghai has more than 1000 formal bus lines (including city center and suburban lines), served by more than 10 bus companies. In the past, Bashi, Dazhong, Guanzhong and Qiangsheng were the four largest; around 2009 they merged to become Bashi Group Companies, including Bashi No.1-6 Bus Passenger Service Companies, Bashi Tram, Bashi Xinxin and Chongming Company, Baoshan Company and Jinshan Company. Each Suburban district also renewed with one company serving each district. Around 2015, Bashi No.1 Passenger Service and Bashi Tram merged to be Bashi No.1 Company, Bashi No.2 Passenger Service became Bashi No.2 Company, Bashi No.3," ]

[ 5.87109375 ]

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[ "I think that's where." ]

[ "I don't think that's where.", "The worst place to buy silver jewlery is in Spain, it's too expensive and janky.", "A man with a blue shirt, talking.", "Under the second tier consisted of the small entities.", "The EPA did not address the issues and questions of the regulated industry.", "Our phones haven't stopped ringing with people complaining about the issues from this practice.", "I can tell how proud you were at how events turned out." ]

[]

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[ "রামমোহন রায়\nমে ২২, ১৭৭২ সালে হুগলী জেলার রাধানগর গ্রামে রামমোহন রায় জন্মগ্রহণ করেন এক সম্ভ্রান্ত ও কুলীন হিন্দু পরিবারে। প্রপিতামহ কৃষ্ণকান্ত ফারুখশিয়ারের আমলে বাংলার সুবেদারের আমিনের কার্য করতেন। সেই সূত্রেই 'রায়' পদবীর ব্যবহার বলে অনুমান করা হয়। কৃষ্ণকান্তের কনিষ্ঠ পুত্র ব্রজবিনোদ রামমোহনের পিতামহ। পিতা রামকান্ত। রামকান্তের তিন বিবাহ। মধ্যমা পত্নী তারিণীর এক কন্যা ও দুই পুত্র: জগমোহন ও রামমোহন। এঁদের বংশ ছিল বৈষ্ণব, কিন্তু রামমোহনের মাতা ছিলেন ঘোর তান্ত্রিক ঘরের কন্যা। রামকান্ত পৈতৃক এজমালি ভদ্রাসন ছেড়ে পার্শ্ববর্তী লাঙ্গুলপাড়া গ্রামে স্ব-পরিবারে উঠে যান। তার পিতা রামকান্ত রায় ছিলেন বৈষ্ণবী এবং মাতা তারিণী দেবী ছিলেন শাক্ত। পনেরো-ষোলো বছর বয়সে তিনি গৃহত্যাগ করে নানা স্থানে ঘোরেন। কাশীতে ও পাটনায় কিছুকাল ছিলেন এবং নেপালে গিয়েছিলেন। এর আগে তাঁর সঙ্গে তন্ত্রশাস্ত্রবেত্তা সুপণ্ডিত নন্দকুমার বিদ্যালঙ্কারের (পরে হরিহরানন্দ তীর্থস্বামী কুলাবধূত নামে পরিচিত) যোগাযোগ হয়। রামমোহনের সংস্কৃতে বুৎপত্তি, তাঁর বেদান্তে অনুরাগ নন্দকুমারের সহযোগিতায় হয়েছিল। ব্রাহ্ম উপাসনালয় প্রতিষ্ঠায় হরিহরানন্দই তাঁর দক্ষিণ-হস্ত ছিলেন। বারাণসী থেকে প্রথাগত সংস্কৃত শিক্ষার পর তিনি পাটনা থেকে আরবি ও পারসি ভাষা শেখেন। পরে তিনি ইংরেজি, গ্রিক ও হিব্রু ভাষাও শেখেন।" ]

[ "রহিমুন্নিসা\nরহিমুন্নিসা মুঘল শাসনামলে চট্টগ্রাম জেলার শুলকবহরে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তারা চার ভাইবোন ছিলেন। তার পিতার নাম আবদুল কাদির শাহ। তার পূর্ব পুরুষরা পবিত্র মক্কা থেকে মুংগের ও পরে চট্টগ্রামে এসেছিলেন। অনুমান করা হয় ১৭৬৩ থেকে ১৮০০ এর মধ্যে তাঁর জন্ম।", "হুমায়ূন আহমেদ\nহুমায়ূন আহমেদ ১৯৭৬ সালে গুলতেকিন খানকে বিয়ে করেন। গুলতেকিন প্রিন্সিপাল ইবরাহীম খাঁর নাতনী।[19] এই দম্পতির তিন মেয়ে এবং এক ছেলে। বড় মেয়ে নোভা আহমেদ, মেজো মেয়ে শীলা আহমেদ এবং ছোট মেয়ে বিপাশা আহমেদ। তাঁর বড় ছেলের নাম নুহাশ আহমেদ। বাবার মত নুহাশও পরিচালনায় মনোনিবেশ করেন।[20] অন্য আরেকটি ছেলে সন্তান অকালে মারা যায়। তিনি তার নাম রেখেছিলেন রাশেদ হুমায়ূন।", "রামমোহন রায়\nতরুণ বয়সে তিনি কলকাতায় মহাজনের কাজ করতেন। ১৭৯৬ সালে রামমোহন অর্থোপার্জন শুরু করেন। ১৮০৩ থেকে ১৮১৪ সাল পর্যন্ত ব্রিটিশ ইস্ট ইন্ডিয়া কোম্পানির কর্মচারী ছিলেন। কলকাতায় প্রায়ই আসতেন এবং কোম্পানির নবাগত অসামরিক কর্মচারীদের সঙ্গে পরিচিত হয়ে তাঁদের নানা বিষয়ে সাহায্য করেন। এই সুযোগে ভালো করে ইংরেজি শিখে নেন। ব্রিটিশ ইস্ট ইন্ডিয়া কোম্পানির কাজে সিভিলিয়ান কর্মচারীদের মধ্যে জন ডিগবির সঙ্গে তাঁর সর্বাধিক ঘনিষ্ঠতা হয়। কোম্পানির কাজে ডিগবির অধীনে তিনি দেওয়ানরূপে রংপুরে কাজ করেন ১৮০৩ থেকে ১৮১৪ সাল পর্যন্ত। এই সময়ের মধ্যে তিনি দু'বার ভুটান সীমান্তে যান কোম্পানির হয়ে দৌত্যকার্যে ডিগবির সাহচর্যে তাঁর সমস্ত নতুন চিন্তা এই সময়ের মধ্যেই পরিপক্কতা লাভ করে। ১৮১৫ খ্রিষ্টাব্দ থেকে রামমোহন কলকাতার স্থায়ী বাসিন্দা হন, এখন থেকেই প্রকাশ্যে তাঁর সংস্কার-প্রচেষ্টার শুরু।", "হেমেন্দ্রকুমার রায়\nহেমেন্দ্রকুমার রায়ের জন্মস্থান কলকাতা। তাঁর পিতার নাম রাধিকাপ্রসাদ রায়। ", "রমেশ চন্দ্র সেন\nরমেশ চন্দ্র সেন বাংলা ১৩৪৭ সালের ২ বৈশাখ ঠাকুরগাঁও জেলার সদর উপজেলার রুহিয়া ইউনিয়নের কশালগাঁও গ্রামে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তাঁর পিতার নাম ক্ষিতীন্দ্র মোহন সেন এবং মাতার নাম বালাশ্বরী সেন। তিনি ১৯৬৩ সালে রংপুর কারমাইকেল কলেজ থেকে বি,কম পাশ করেন এবং রাজশাহী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে কস্ট একাউন্টিং বিষয়ে ১৯৬৪ সালে এম,কম (প্রথম পর্ব) অধ্যায়ন করেন।", "রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের জীবন (১৮৬১–১৯০১)\nরবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের জন্ম জোড়াসাঁকোর ৬ নং দ্বারকানাথ ঠাকুর লেনের পারিবারিক বাসভবনে। জোড়াসাঁকো ছিল সেযুগে “ব্ল্যাক টাউন” (বাঙালি অধ্যুষিত নগরাঞ্চল; ইউরোপীয়দের আবাসস্থল দক্ষিণ কলকাতা ছিল “হোয়াইট টাউন”) নামে পরিচিত উত্তর কলকাতার চিৎপুর রোডের (বর্তমান নাম রবীন্দ্র সরণি) নিকটে।[1] জোড়াসাঁকো ঠাকুরবাড়ির আশেপাশের অঞ্চলগুলি সেই সময় ছিল দারিদ্র্যপীড়িত অঞ্চল এবং শহরে কেন্দ্র।[2][3] রবীন্দ্রনাথের পিতার নাম দেবেন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর (১৮১৭–১৯০৫) এবং মাতার নাম সারদা দেবী (১৮৩০–১৮৭৫)। দেবেন্দ্রনাথ ছিলেন তাঁর বন্ধু তথা সমাজ সংস্কারক রাজা রামমোহন রায় প্রবর্তিত ব্রাহ্মধর্মের প্রধান সংগঠক ও অনুশাসনকর্তা। রামমোহন রায়ের মৃত্যুর পর দেবেন্দ্রনাথই হয়ে ওঠেন ব্রাহ্মসমাজের কেন্দ্রীয় ব্যক্তিত্ব। তাঁর অনুগামীরা তাঁকে মহর্ষি অভিধায় ভূষিত করে।[4] আমৃত্যু দেবেন্দ্রনাথ ছিলেন আদি ব্রাহ্মসমাজের নেতা।[5] অস্পৃশ্যতা প্রথার কারণে কেবল মাত্র পূর্ববঙ্গের (বর্তমান বাংলাদেশ) যশোর-খুলনার পিরালী ব্রাহ্মণ কন্যারাই ঠাকুর পরিবারে বধূ হয়ে আসতেন।[3]", "দেওয়ান তৈমুর রাজা চৌধুরী\nতৈমুর রাজা চৌধুরী সিলেট জেলার বিশ্বনাথ থানার ঐতিহ্যবাহী রামপাশা গ্রামে ১৯১৭ সালের ৫ই নভেম্বর রোজ শুক্রবার জন্ম গ্রহন করেন। তাঁর পিতার নাম দেওয়ান একলিমুর রাজা চৌধুরী এবং মায়ের নাম মেহেরজান বানু । তার পিতামহ জগত বিখ্যাত মরমি কবি দেওয়ান হাছন রাজা চৌধুরী। তার প্রাথমিক শিক্ষা গ্রামের রাজাগঞ্জ প্রাথমিক বিদ্যালয়ে শুরু হয়। সেখানে কিছুদিন অধ্যয়নের পর তাকে ধর্মীয় শিক্ষা দেওয়ার জন্য সিলেট সরকারি আলীয়া মাদ্রাসায় ভর্তি হন। অত্র মাদ্রসায় তিনি বাংলা উর্দু আরবী ও ফার্সি ভাষায় জ্ঞান লাভ করেন। এরপর তিনি সিলেট রসময় উচ্চ বিদ্যালয় ও সিলেট সরকারী উচ্চ বিদ্যালয়ে লেখাপড়া করেন অতপর তিনি সিলেট ঐতিহ্যবাহী সরকারী মুরারিচাঁদ কলেজে লেখাড়া করেন। কলেজ জীবনের সহপাটীদের মধ্যে উল্লেখযোগ্য ছিলেন জেনারেল আতাউল গনি ওসমানী, ড. মোহাম্মদ আব্দুর রশীদ ও আমীনুর রশীদ চৌধুরী।", "ইতিহাস (হিন্দু ধর্মগ্রন্থ)\nসুর্য বংশের আরেকবার উত্থান ঘটে রঘু, অজো ও দশরথের মত প্রজাবৎসল নৃপতিদের সময়ে। বাল্মীকির রামায়ণে দশরথের জ্যেষ্ঠ পুত্র রাম ও তাঁর স্ত্রী সীতার কাহিনী বর্ণীত হয়েছে। রামের সৎমাতা কৈকেয়ির ষড়যন্ত্রের কারনে রাম, সীতা ও অনুজ লক্ষ্মণের বনবাস হয়। বনের মধ্যে সীতাকে রাক্ষস রাজ রাবণ হরণ করেন, লঙ্কায় নিজের প্রাসাদে বন্দী করে রাখেন। রামচন্দ্র বনের বানর ও ভল্লুকদের সাথে মৈত্রী স্থাপন করে লঙ্কা অবরোধ করেন। লঙ্কার যুদ্ধে রাবণ রামের কাছে পরাজিত হলে রাম তাকে হত্যা করেন। সীতাকে উদ্ধার করে তিনি অযোধ্যায় ফিরে গিয়ে সিংহাসনে আরোহণ করেন।", "রামপাল\nরামপাল বাংলার পালবংশের (রাজত্বকাল ৭৫০-১১৫৪ খ্রিস্টাব্দ) পতনের কালে অন্যতম উল্লিখিত নাম; রামচরিতের বর্ণনা থেকে অনুমিত হয় যে দ্বিতীয় শূরপালকে কোনও উপায়ে সংহার করে তিনি পৈত্রিক রাজ্যাধিকার প্রাপ্ত হয়েছিলেন। রামপালের অভিষেক কালে পালরাজাদের রাজ্যপাট বোধহয় ভাগীরথী ও পদ্মার মধ্যবর্তী বদ্বীপে সীমাবদ্ধ হয়েছিল; কারণ রামপালকে কৈবর্ত বিদ্রোহের নেতা দিব্বোকের রাজ্য উত্তরবঙ্গ অধিকারের জন্য ভাগীরথীর উপরে নৌকামেলক বা নৌ-সেতুবন্ধন করতে হয়েছিল। রামপাল,শূরপালের মৃত্যুর পর যখন গৌড়ের সিংহাসন অধিকার করেন তখন দিব্বোকের ভ্রাতুষ্পুত্র ভীম গৌড়ের মসনদে আসীন ছিলেন। দিব্বোকের পর অনুমান করা হয় তার ভ্রাতা রূদোক গৌড়ের অধিকার প্রাপ্ত হয়েছিলেন, পরে তাঁর পুত্র ভীম উত্তরাধিকার সূত্রে উত্তরবঙ্গের সিংহাসন আরোহণ করেছিলেন। সেইসময় রামপাল অত্যন্ত হতাশ হয়ে পড়েছিলেন । তাঁর পুত্র রাজ্যপাল ও অন্যান্য আমাত্যগণ রাজ্যের বিভিন্ন কাজকর্ম সম্পর্কে তাঁর সঙ্গে আলোচনা করতেন । এমনকী রামপাল কিছুদিনের জন্য ভ্রমণে বেরিয়েছিলেন, তাঁর বনময় রাজ্যগুলির সামন্তগণের সঙ্গে বন্ধুত্ব স্থাপন করেছিলেন । ভ্রমণ শেষে রামপাল বুঝতে পারেন যে তাঁর ব্যবহারে আমাত্যগণ সন্তুষ্ট হয়েছেন তাই তিনি পদাতিক, অশ্ব ও গজারোহী সৈন্য সংগ্রহ করেন ; আর এর জন্য তাঁকে প্রচুর অর্থ ব্যয় করতে হয়েছিল।\nতিন প্রকার সৈন্য সংগ্রহ করে রামপালদেবের মাতুল-পুত্র রাষ্ট্রকূট-বংশীয় শিবরাজদেব রামপালের আদেশে সেনা নিয়ে গঙ্গা পার হয়েছিলেন । মহাপ্রতিহার শিবরাজদেব কৈবর্ত রাজ্যে অবস্থিত বিভিন্ন গ্রামগুলি আক্রমণ করলে কৈবর্ত নায়ক ভীমের প্রজাগণ বিপন্ন হয়ে পড়ে । শিবরাজ বরেন্দ্রী হতে ভীমের রক্ষকগণকে বিতাড়িত করেছিলেন । শিবরাজের এই বরেন্দ্রী অধিকার দীর্ঘকাল স্থায়ী হয়নি, কেননা কিছুদিন পরেই আবার রামপালকে বহু সেনা নিয়ে বরেন্দ্রী আক্রমণ করতে হয়েছিল । বারেন্দ্র-অভিযানে মগধ ও পিঠীর অধিপতি ভীমযশঃ, কোটাটবীর বীরগুণ, দণ্ডভুক্তি-রাজ জয়সিংহ, দেবগ্রাম-প্রতিবদ্ধ বালবলভীর বিক্রমরাজ, অপরমন্দারের অধিপতি এবং আটবিক সামন্তচক্রের প্রধান লক্ষ্মীশূর, কুজবটীর শূরপাল, তৈলকম্পের রুদ্রশেখর, উচ্ছালের অধিপতি ময়গলসিংহ, ঢেক্করীয়-রাজ প্রতাপসিংহ , কৌশাম্বীপতি দ্বোরপবর্ধন প্রমুখ সামন্তগণ এবং রাজ্যপাল সহ রামপালের অন্যান্য পুত্রগণ পিতার সঙ্গে যুদ্ধযাত্রা করেছিলেন ।", "রাইমা সেন\nরাইমা সেন অভিনেত্রী মুনমুন সেনের কন্যা এবং বিখ্যাত অভিনেত্রী সুচিত্রা সেনের নাতনি। তার বোন রিয়া সেনও বলিউডের চলচ্চিত্র শিল্পে জড়িত আছেন। তাদের বাবা ভারত দেববর্মা ত্রিপুরার রাজ পরিবারের একজন সদস্য। তার মাতামহী ইলা দেবী কোচ বিহারের রাজকুমারী ছিলেন, যার ছোট বোন গায়ত্রী দেবী জয়পুরের মহারানী ছিলেন। তার পিতামহী ইন্দিরা ছিলেন বড়োদার মহারাজা সায়াজিরো গায়কোয়াড় ΙΙΙ এর একমাত্র কন্যা। রাইমার মাতামহ আদিনাথ সেন ছিলেন কলকাতার একজন প্রখ্যাত ব্যবসায়ী, যার বাবা ছিলেন দীননাথ সেন - যিনি প্রাক্তন আইন মন্ত্রী আশোক কুমার সেনের আত্মীয়, যিনি ত্রিপুরার মহারাজার মন্ত্রী ছিলেন। পর্দায় তাদের দুই বোনের নামই তার মায়ের পারিবারিক নামানুসারে, যদিও কাগজ-কলমে তাদের বংশ নাম দেববর্মা।", "কৃষ্ণমোহন বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়\nকৃষ্ণমোহন বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় ১৮১৩ খ্রিস্টাব্দের ২৪ মে কলকাতার ঝামাপুকুর নামক স্থানে (বর্তমানে বেচু চ্যাটার্জি স্ট্রীট) মাতুলালয়ে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তাঁর মাতামহ রামজয় বিদ্যাভূষণ তৎকালপ্রসিদ্ধ কলকাতার জোড়াসাঁকো নিবাসী শান্তিরাম সিংহের (কালীপ্রসন্ন সিংহের পিতামহ) সভাপণ্ডিত ছিলেন। কৃষ্ণমোহনের পিতা জীবনকৃষ্ণ বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায় ২৪ পরগণা জেলার নবগ্রাম নামক গ্রামের বাসিন্দা ছিলেন। বিদ্যাভূষণ মহাশয়ের কন্যা শ্রীমতি দেবীকে বিবাহ করে তিনি শ্বশুরালয়ে বাস করতে থাকেন। উক্ত দম্পতির কৃষ্ণমোহন ব্যতীত আরও দুটি পুত্র ও একটি কন্যা ছিল। তাদের মধ্যে ভুবনমোহন ছিলেন সর্বজ্যেষ্ঠ এবং কালীমোহন কনিষ্ঠপুত্র ছিলেন। পরবর্তীকালে কৃষ্ণমোহনের পদাঙ্ক অনুসরণ করে কালীমোহনও খ্রীষ্টধর্মে দীক্ষা নেন। বংশবৃদ্ধি হওয়াতে জীবনকৃষ্ণ শ্বশুরালয় ত্যাগ করে গুরুপ্রসাদ চৌধুরী লেনে একটি আবাসগৃহে নির্মাণ করে অতি ক্লেশে পরিবার প্রতিপালন করতে থাকেন। এইসময় তাঁর স্ত্রী শ্রীমতী দেবী গৃহকার্যের সাথে সাথে বেতের দড়ি পাকিয়ে, পৈতের সুতো তৈরী করে কিছু কিছু উপার্জন করতেন এবং তার দ্বারা সংসার নির্বাহ করতে সহায়তা করতেন।", "অতীন্দ্রমোহন রায়\nঅতীন্দ্রমোহন ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়া জেলার নবীনগর উপজেলার ভোলাচঙ্গ গ্রামে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তাঁর বাবার নাম আনন্দমোহন রায়। কুমিল্লা ইউসুফ স্কুলের ছাত্র অবস্থায় অতীন রায় বিপ্লবী অনুশীলন সমিতির সদস্য হন। এর দায়ে তাঁর জেল হয়েছিল। জেল থেকে ছাড়া পেয়ে তিনি সক্রিয় বিপ্লবী হয়ে ওঠেন এবং এরপর আজীবন বিপ্লবী ছিলেন। বিদ্রোহী কবি কাজী নজরুল ইসলাম কুমিল্লায় আসলে অতীন্দ্র রায় তাঁর অন্তরঙ্গ হয়ে ওঠেন এবং বিপ্লবীদের মুখপত্র \"ধূমকেতু\" প্রকাশের পর কবিকে অভিনন্দন জানান। কুমিল্লা ভিক্টোরিয়া কলেজে দ্বিতীয় বর্ষে পড়ার সময় পড়াশোনা ছেড়ে দিয়ে তিনি স্বাধীনতা সংগ্রামে জড়িয়ে পড়েন।", "মহিন্দ রাজাপক্ষ\nহাম্বানতোতার দক্ষিণাংশের বীরকাটিয়া গ্রামে রাজাপক্ষের জন্ম। শ্রীলঙ্কার স্বনামধন্য রাজনৈতিক পরিবারে তাঁর জন্ম। তাঁর বাবা ডি. এ. রাজাপক্ষ প্রখ্যাত রাজনীতিবিদ, স্বাধীনতাকামী, সংসদ সদস্য এবং বিজেনন্দা ডাহানায়েকে সরকারের কৃষি ও ভূমিমন্ত্রী ছিলেন। তাঁর দাদা ডি.এম. রাজাপক্ষ ১৯৩০-এর দশকে হাম্বানতোতা’র স্টেট কাউন্সিলর ছিলেন।", "প্রতাপাদিত্য\nপ্রতাপাদিত্যের বাবা শ্রীধর অথবা শ্রী হরি দাউদ খান কররানীর অধীনে একজন কর্মকর্তা ছিলেন।[2] শ্রী হরি দাউদ খান কররানীর বিশ্বস্ত উজির লুদি খানকে হত্যা করে উজির পদ দাবি করেন।[3] দাউদ খান কররানী তাকে ‘বিক্রমাদিত্য’ উপাধি প্রদান করেন এবং মৃত জমিদার চাঁদ খানের জমিদারি তাকে দান করেন। উল্লেখ্য যে, চাঁদ খানের কোন বংশধর ছিল না।[4] দাউদ কররানী মুঘলদের কাছে পরাজিত হবার পর শ্রী হরি তার রাজকোষের সমস্ত অর্থ-সম্পদ আত্মসাৎ করে পালিয়ে যান।[2] শ্রী হরি খুলনার বাওর এলাকায় যান এবং সেখানে নিজেকে মহারাজা বিক্রমাদিত্য হিসেবে ঘোষণা করেন।[3] ১৫৮৪ সালে প্রতাপাদিত্যের জন্ম হয় এবং ১৫৬১ সালে তিনি সিংহাসনে আরোহন করেন।[5]শ্রী হরি তার রাজ্যেকে দুই ভাগে বিভক্ত করে ৮ ভাগের ৫ ভাগ প্রতাপাদিত্যকে এবং ৮ ভাগের ৩ ভাগ তার ভাই বসন্ত রায়কে প্রদান করেন।", "নাটোর জেলা\nঅষ্টাদশ শতকের শুরুতে নাটোর রাজবংশের উৎপত্তি হয়। ১৭০৬ সালে পরগণা বানগাছির জমিদার গণেশ রায় ও ভবানী চরণ চৌধুরী রাজস্ব প্রদানে ব্যর্থ হয়ে চাকরীচ্যুত হন। দেওয়ান রঘুনন্দন জমিদারিটি তার ভাই রামজীবনের নামে বন্দোবস্ত নেন । এভাবে নাটোর রাজবংশের পত্তন হয়। রাজা রামজীবন নাটোর রাজবংশের প্রথম রাজা হিসেবে প্রতিষ্ঠা লাভ করেন ১৭০৬ সালে মতান্তরে ১৭১০ সালে । ১৭৩৪ সালে তিনি মারা যান । ১৭৩০ সালে রাণী ভবানীর সাথে রাজা রাম জীবনের দত্তক পুত্র রামকান্তের বিয়ে হয় । রাজা রাম জীবনের মৃত্যুর পরে রামকান্ত নাটোরের রাজা হন। ১৭৪৮ সালে রাজা রামকান্তের মৃত্যুর পরে নবাব আলীবর্দী খাঁ রাণী ভবানীর ওপর জমিদারি পরিচালনার দায়িত্ব অর্পণ করেন । রাণী ভবানীর রাজত্বকালে তার জমিদারি বর্তমান রাজশাহী, পাবনা, বগুড়া, কুষ্টিয়া, যশোর, রংপুর, পশ্চিমবঙ্গের মুর্শিদাবাদ , বীরভূম, মালদহ জেলা পর্যন্ত বিস্তৃত ছিল।", "সুষমা রায়\nসুষমা রায় ১৯২৩ সালে ফরিদপুর জেলার উলপুর গ্রামে এক জমিদার পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তার পিতার নাম মনোরঞ্জন রায়। তার দিদি ছিলেন নির্মলা রায়। পিতার আদর্শে প্রভাবিত হয়ে রাজনীতিতে যোগ দেন। ১৯৪৬ সালে নিরেন্দ্রনাথ চক্রবর্তীর সাথে বিবাহ হয়।", "দেবিকা রাণী\nদেবিকা রাণী ১৯০৮ খ্রিস্টাব্দের ৩০শে মার্চ ব্রিটিশ ভারতের মাদ্রাজ প্রেসিডেন্সির ওয়াল্টেয়ার নামক স্থানে এক অত্যন্ত সমৃদ্ধিশালী ও শিক্ষিত বাঙ্গালী পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তাঁর পিতামহ রাজশাহী জেলার পাবনার জমিদার ছিলেন।[3] দেবিকার পিতা কর্নেল মন্মথ নাথ চৌধুরী ছিলেন মাদ্রাজ প্রেসিডেন্সির প্রথম ভারতীয় সার্জন-জেনারেল।[4][5][6] তাঁর তিন পিতৃব্য আশুতোষ চৌধুরী ছিলেন কলকাতা উচ্চ আদালতের প্রধান বিচারপতি, যোগেশ চন্দ্র চৌধুরী ছিলেন কলকাতা শহরের বিশিষ্ট আইনজীবি এবং প্রমথ চৌধুরী ছিলেন একজন বিখ্যাত বাঙালি লেখক।[7]", "মন্দোদরী\nমালয় সেরি রামা ও জাভানিজ রামা কেলিং গ্রন্থে রয়েছে, রাবণ রামের মা মন্দোদরীকে বিবাহ করতে চেয়েছিলেন। কিন্তু তাঁর পরিবর্তে তাঁরই মতো দেখতে এক ছদ্ম-মন্দোদরীকে রাবণ বিবাহ করেন। রামের পিতা সেই ছদ্ম-মন্দোদরীকে সম্ভোগ করেছিলেন। তাঁর ঔরসে ছদ্ম-মন্দোদরীর গর্ভে সীতার জন্ম হয়। এইভাবে সীতা নামেমাত্র রাবণের কন্যারূপে পরিচিত হন।[17]", "ব্রহ্মপাল\nব্রহ্মপাল () হলেন কামরূপ রাজ্যের পাল রাজবংশের প্রতিষ্ঠাপক। শালস্তম্ভ বংশের শেষ রাজা ত্যাগসিংহের কোনো সন্তান-সন্ততি ছিল না। তাই শালস্তম্ভ বংশ লোপ পেয়েছিল। প্রজাগণ পুরানো নরক বংশীয় কুমার ব্রহ্মপালকে রাজা মনোনীত করেছিল। তিনি ৯০০ খ্রীষ্টাব্দ থেকে ৯২০ খ্রীষ্টাব্দ পর্যন্ত কামরূপ রাজ্যে রাজত্ব করেছিলেন। তিনি কুলদেবীকে বিয়ে করেছিলেন। এরপর তাঁদের পুত্র রত্নপাল ব্রহ্মপালের উত্তরাসুরী হিসাবে রাজ সিংহাসনে বসেছিলেন।", "মৌনী রায়\nমৌনী রায় জন্মগ্রহণ করেন ২8 শে সেপ্টেম্বর ১৯৮৫ সালে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের কোচ বিহারের একটি রাজবংশী পরিবারে। তার পিতামহ, শেখর চন্দ্র রায় একজন সুপরিচিত জাটার থিয়েটার শিল্পী ছিলেন। তার মা মুক্তি থিয়েটার শিল্পী হলেও তার বাবা অনিল রায় কুচবিহার জেলা পরিষদের অফিসের সুপারিনটেনডেন্ট। তিনি বাবুহতে কেন্দ্রীয় বিদ্যালয়ে ১২ তম পর্যন্ত কোচবিহার স্কুলে পড়াতেন এবং তারপর দিল্লি যান। তিনি জামিয়া মিলিয়া ইসলামিয়াতে তার বাবা-মায়ের আস্থা নিয়ে গণযোগাযোগ শুরু করেন, কিন্তু কোর্সের মধ্য দিয়ে চলে যান এবং মুম্বাইতে গিয়ে তার ভাগ্য চলচ্চিত্রে দেখার চেষ্টা করেন। তিনি তার অংশ ১ পরীক্ষার সমাপ্ত এবং পরে আর দিল্লি ফিরেননি। [8]", "বিষ্ণুপুর, বাঁকুড়া\nবীর হাম্বীরের পুত্র রঘুনাথ সিংহ বিষ্ণুপুরের প্রথম রাজা যিনি ক্ষত্রিয় সিংহ উপাধি ব্যবহার করেন। কথিত আছে, এই উপাধি মুর্শিদাবাদের নবাব তাঁকে প্রদান করেছিলেন। তাঁর রাজত্বকাল থেকেই বিষ্ণুপুর রাজ্যের স্বর্ণযুগের সূচনা ঘটে। রঘুনাথ সিংহের আমলে বিষ্ণুপুরে নয়নাভিরাম প্রাসাদ ও মন্দিরাদি নির্মিত হয়। যদিও, রাজনৈতিকভাবে বিষ্ণুপুর এই সময় তার স্বাধীনতা হারিয়ে অনেকটাই করদ রাজ্যের পর্যায়ে পর্যবসিত হয়।[1]", "রাজা সীতারাম রায়\n১৬৮৪ সালে তার পিতা ও মাতা খুব স্বল্প সময়ের ব্যবধানে মারা যান। তাদের শ্রাদ্ধের পর তিনি তীর্থ করতে গয়ায় যান। তার সচিব মনিরাম রায় এবং প্রধান সহযোগী রামরূপ ঘোষ তাঁর সাথী হন। জায়গীর এর দায়িত্ব তার ছোটভাই লক্ষ্মীনারায়ণের নিকট হস্তান্তর করা হয়। তীর্থ শেষে তিনি মুঘল দরবারে জান। মুঘল দরবারে তিনি তার জায়গীর কে সামন্ত রাজ্য হিসেবে ঘোষণা করার আর্জি পেশ করেন। ১৬৮৮ সালে তাকে রাজা উপাধিতে ভূষিত করা হয় এবং তার রাজ্যকে আরো দক্ষিনে সুন্দরবন পর্যন্ত বিস্তৃত করার অধিকার দেয়া হয়। ", "রামায়ণ\nরাম – এই উপাখ্যানের নায়ক। বিষ্ণুর সপ্তম অবতার রাম ছিলেন রাজা দশরথ ও তাঁর জ্যৈষ্ঠা মহিষী কৌশল্যার জ্যৈষ্ঠ ও প্রিয়তম পুত্র। রামায়ণে রামকে মর্যাদা পুরুষোত্তম অর্থাৎ সর্বগুণের আধার বলে অভিহিত করা হয়েছে। দ্বিতীয়া স্ত্রী কৈকেয়ীর চক্রান্তে দশরথ রামকে চোদ্দো বছরের জন্য বনবাসে যাওয়ার নির্দেশ দিতে বাধ্য হন। রামও পিতার আজ্ঞা শিরোধার্য করে বনবাসে গমন করেন। সীতা – রামের প্রিয়তমা পত্নী এবং রাজা জনকের পালিতা কন্যা। সীতার অপর নাম জানকী। তিনি বিষ্ণুপত্নী দেবী লক্ষ্মীর অবতার। রামায়ণে তাঁকে নারীজাতির আদর্শস্থানীয়া বলে বর্ণনা করা হয়েছে। তিনি স্বামীর সঙ্গে বনবাসে গমন করেন। রাবণ তাঁকে অপহরণ করে লঙ্কায় বন্দী করে রাখেন। রাম রাবণকে পরাজিত করে তাঁকে উদ্ধার করেন। পরবর্তীকালে তিনি রামের দুই যমজ পুত্র লব ও কুশের জন্ম দেন। হনুমান – কিষ্কিন্ধ্যা রাজ্যের এক বানর। তিনি শিবের (একাদশ রুদ্র) অবতার এবং রামের আদর্শ ভক্ত। তাঁর পিতা বানররাজ কেশরী ও মাতা অঞ্জনা। সীতার অবস্থান নির্ণয় ও উদ্ধার তথা লঙ্কার যুদ্ধে তিনি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ ভূমিকা গ্রহণ করেন। লক্ষ্মণ – রামের ভ্রাতা। তিনি স্বেচ্ছায় রাম ও সীতার সঙ্গে বনবাসে গমন করেন ও সেখানে তাঁদের রক্ষা করে চলেন। লক্ষ্মণ ছিলেন বিষ্ণুর সহচর শেষনাগের অবতার। মারীচের ছলনায় রামের বিপদাশঙ্কায় তিনি সীতাকে একাকী ফেলে যেতে বাধ্য হন। সেই সুযোগে রাবণ সীতাকে অপহরণ করেন। রাবণ – লঙ্কার রাক্ষসরাজা। দশ হাজার বছর কঠোর তপস্যা করে তিনি সৃষ্টিকর্তা ব্রহ্মার কাছ থেকে এই বর লাভ করেন যে কোনো দেব, দানব বা ভৌতিক জীব তাঁকে বধ করতে পারবেন না। তিনি ছিলেন এক শক্তিশালী রাক্ষসরাজা। ঋষিদের উপর অত্যাচার চালিয়ে করে তিনি বিশেষ আমোদ অনুভব করতেন। ব্রহ্মার বরদানকে এড়িয়ে তাঁকে হত্যা করার জন্য বিষ্ণুকে মানব রূপে জন্মগ্রহণ করতে হয়। দশরথ – অযোধ্যার রাজা ও রামের পিতা। তাঁর তিন পত্নী: কৌশল্যা, কৈকেয়ী ও সুমিত্রা এবং রাম ব্যতীত অপর তিন পুত্র: ভরত, লক্ষ্মণ ও শত্রুঘ্ন। দশরথের প্রিয়তমা পত্নী কৈকেয়ী তাঁকে বাধ্য করেন রামকে চোদ্দো বছরের জন্য বনবাসে পাঠিয়ে ভরতকে যুবরাজ ঘোষণা করতে। রাম বনে গেলে পুত্রশোকে দশরথের মৃত্যু হয়। ভরত – দশরথের পুত্র। যখন তিনি জানতে পারেন যে রামকে বনে পাঠানোর প্রধান চক্রী তাঁর মা এবং তাঁরই জন্য পুত্রশোকে পিতার মৃত্যু হয়েছে, তখন তিনি ঘৃণাভরে রাজপদ প্রত্যাখ্যান করে রামের অনুসন্ধানে বাহির হন। কিন্তু রাম প্রত্যাবর্তনে অসম্মত হলে, তিনি রামের খড়ম দুখানি চেয়ে নেন। সেই খড়ম দুটি সিংহাসনে স্থাপন করে পরবর্তী চোদ্দো বছর রামের নামে অযোধ্যা শাসন করেছিলেন ভরত। শত্রুঘ্ন – দশরথ ও সুমিত্রার পুত্র। তিনি রামের কনিষ্ঠ ও লক্ষ্মণের যমজ ভ্রাতা এবং শ্রুতকীরতির পতি ।", "সুকুমার রায়\nসুকুমার রায় (৩০ অক্টোবর, ১৮৮৭ - ১০ সেপ্টেম্বর, ১৯২৩) একজন বাঙালি শিশুসাহিত্যিক ও ভারতীয় সাহিত্যে \"ননসেন্স রাইমের\" প্রবর্তক। তিনি একাধারে লেখক, ছড়াকার, শিশুসাহিত্যিক, রম্যরচনাকার, প্রাবন্ধিক, নাট্যকার ও সম্পাদক। তিনি ছিলেন জনপ্রিয় শিশুসাহিত্যিক উপেন্দ্রকিশোর রায়চৌধুরীর সন্তান এবং তাঁর পুত্র খ্যাতিমান চলচ্চিত্রকার সত্যজিৎ রায়। তাঁর লেখা কবিতার বই আবোল তাবোল, গল্প হ-য-ব-র-ল, গল্প সংকলন পাগলা দাশু, এবং নাটক চলচ্চিত্তচঞ্চরী বিশ্বসাহিত্যে সর্বযুগের সেরা \"ননসেন্স\" ধরণের ব্যঙ্গাত্মক শিশুসাহিত্যের অন্যতম বলে মনে করা হয়, কেবল অ্যালিস ইন ওয়ান্ডারল্যান্ড ইত্যাদি কয়েকটি মুষ্টিমেয় ক্লাসিক-ই যাদের সমকক্ষ। মৃত্যুর বহু বছর পরেও তিনি বাংলা সাহিত্যের জনপ্রিয়তম শিশুসাহিত্যিকদের একজন।", "গৌতম বুদ্ধ\nসিদ্ধার্থ গৌতম শাক্য প্রজাতন্ত্রের নির্বাচিত প্রধান ক্ষত্রিয় বংশের শুদ্ধোধনের পুত্র ছিলেন। তাঁর মাতা মায়াদেবী কোলিয় গণের রাজকন্যা ছিলেন। শাক্যদের প্রথা অনুসারে গর্ভাবস্থায় মায়াদেবী শ্বশুরালয় কপিলাবস্তু থেকে পিতৃরাজ্যে যাবার পথে অধুনা নেপালের তরাই অঞ্চলেরে অন্তর্গত লুম্বিনী গ্রামে এক শালগাছের তলায় সিদ্ধার্থের জন্ম দেন। তাঁর জন্মের সময় বা সপ্তম দিনে মায়াদেবীর জীবনাবসান হয়। শুদ্ধোধন শিশুর জন্মের পঞ্চম দিনে নামকরণের জন্য আটজন ব্রাহ্মণকে আমন্ত্রণ জানালে তাঁরা শিশুর নাম রাখেন সিদ্ধার্থ অর্থাৎ যিনি সিদ্ধিলাভ করেছেন। এই সময় পর্বতদেশ থেকে আগত অসিত নাম একজন সাধু নবজাত শিশুকে দেখে ভবিষ্যদ্বাণী করেন যে এই শিশু পরবর্তীকালে একজন রাজচক্রবর্তী অথবা একজন সিদ্ধ সাধক হবেন। একমাত্র সর্বকনিষ্ঠ আমন্ত্রিত ব্রাহ্মণ কৌণ্ডিন্য স্পষ্টভাবে উল্লেখ করেন যে, এই শিশু পরবর্তীকালে বুদ্ধত্ব লাভ করবেন। মাতার মৃত্যুর পর তিনি বিমাতা মহাপজাপতি গোতমী কর্তৃক লালিত হন। ষোলো বছর বয়সে তাঁকে সংসারের প্রতি মনোযোগী করার জন্য তাঁর পিতামাতা তাঁকে কোলিয় গণের সুন্দরী কন্যা যশোধরার সাথে বিবাহ দেন ও রাহুল নামক এক পুত্রসন্তানের জন্ম দেন। সিদ্ধার্থ তাঁর জীবনের প্রথম উনত্রিশ বছর রাজপুত্র হিসেবে অতিবাহিত করেন। বৌদ্ধ পুঁথিগুলি অনুসারে পিতা শুদ্ধোধন তাঁর জীবনে বিলাসিতার সমস্ত রকম ব্যবস্থা করা সত্ত্বেও সিদ্ধার্থ বস্তুগত ঐশ্বর্য্য যে জীবনের লক্ষ্য হতে পারে না, তা উপলব্ধি করা শুরু করেন।", "চন্দ্রমোহন রাজকুমার\nচন্দ্রমোহন রাজকুমারের জন্ম অসমরাজ্যের কাছাড় জেলার রাজনগর গ্রামে।", "রাজচন্দ্র বসু\nরাজ চন্দ্র বোস ভারতের হোশঙ্গাবাদে জন্মগ্রহন করেন। তিনি ৫ ভাইবোনের মধ্যে প্রথম। তার বাবা ছিলেন একজন পদার্থবিদ। ১৯১৮ সালে ইনফ্লুয়েন্জা রোগে আক্রান্ত হয়ে তার মা মারা যান। পরের বছর তার বাবাও হৃৎপিন্ডের ক্রিয়া বন্ধ হয়ে মৃত্যুবরণ করেন। এই দুঃসময়েও তিনি কলকাতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ে তার বিশুদ্ধ গণিত বিষয়ে তার লেখাপড়া চালিয়ে যান। তিনি কলকাতার প্রফেসর শ্যামাদাশ মুখার্জীর তত্তাবধানে গনিত বিষয়ে গবেষনা করেন। এরপর তিনি কলকাতার অশোতোষ কলেজে লেকচারার হিসেবে তার শিক্ষকতা জীবন শুরু করেন।", "ইন্দ্রমোহন রাজবংশী\nইন্দ্রমোহন রাজবংশীর জন্ম বাংলাদেশের রাজধানী ঢাকা শহরে। তার পরিবার পাঁচ পুরুষ ধরে গানের সাথে জড়িত।", "নদিয়া রাজপরিবার\nরাজা রুদ্র রায় অনেক জনহিতকর কাজ করেছিলেন; দিল্লির সম্রাট ঔরঙ্গজেব তাঁর প্রতি সন্তুষ্ট হয়ে তাঁকে কয়েকটি পরগনা দান করেন। রুদ্র রায় বাদশা আলমগীরের কাছ থেকে গয়েশপুর, হোসেনপুর, বাগমারী প্রভৃতি বড় পরগনার জমিদারি পান এবং কৃষ্ণনগরের রাজভবনের ওপর 'কাঙরা' (যা সেসময় উচ্চ রাজকীয় সম্মানের প্রতিভূ ছিল) নির্মাণের অনুমতি পান। \nতিনি প্রথম স্থপতিদের এনে কৃষ্ণনগর রাজবাড়ির কাছারি, কেল্লা, পূজোর দালান, নাচঘর, চক, নহবৎখানা প্রভৃতি নির্মাণ করান। \nমাটিয়ারিতে রুদ্রের পিতা রাঘব রায় পুত্রের নামে 'রুদ্রেশ্বর শিবমন্দির' স্থাপন করিয়েছিলেন।", "ভুবনমোহন দাশ\nভুবনমোহন দাশ (১৮৪৪ - ১৩ জুলাই, ১৯১৪) ছিলেন দেশবন্ধু চিত্তরঞ্জন দাশের পিতা। তিনি স্বদেশপ্রেমিক ও সুলেখক ছিলেন। এছাড়াও তিনি \"ব্রাহ্ম পাবলিক ওপিনিয়ন\" ও \"বেঙ্গল পাবলিক ওপিনিয়ন\"-এর সম্পাদক ছিলেন। শেষজীবন পুরুলিয়ায় ধর্মচর্চার মধ্যে কাটান। তাঁর জন্ম হয় বাংলাদেশের বিক্রমপুরে। পুরুলিয়ার বঙ্গভুক্তির পর ১৭ অগস্ট ১৯৫৭ তারিখে জীমূতবাহন সেন প্রমুখ শহরের কিছু বিশিষ্ট মানুষের অনুরোধে এবং তদনীন্তন পশ্চিমবঙ্গের মুখ্যমন্ত্রী ডক্টর বিধানচন্দ্র রায়ের উদ্যোগে দেশবন্ধুর পিতা ভুবনমোহন দাশ ও জননী নিস্তারিণী দেবীর সুবৃহৎ বসতবাড়িতে নিস্তারিণী কলেজের প্রতিষ্ঠা হয়।", "রাহুল\nরাহুল (খ্রিষ্টপূর্ব: ৫১১ - ) ছিলেন বৌদ্ধ ধর্মের প্রবর্তক গৌতম বুদ্ধের একমাত্র পুত্র। পালি এবং সংস্কৃত ভাষা অনুসারে রাহুল শব্দটি রাহুলা শব্দ থেকে এসেছে যার অর্থ বন্ধন। তার মায়ের নাম যশোধরা বা গোপা দেবী। তার বয়স যখন মাত্র ৭ দিন তখন তার পিতা সিদ্ধার্থ গৌতম সংসার ত্যাগ করেন। বিশ বছর বয়সে তার পিতা গৌতম বুদ্ধ বৌদ্ধিত্ত্ব অর্জন করে রাজধানী কপিলাবস্তু-তে ফিরে আসলে তিনি পিতার কাছ থেকে দীক্ষিত হয়ে বৌদ্ধ ভিক্ষু তে পরিণত হন।", "রামায়ণ\nবাল্মীকি লব ও কুশকে রামায়ণ গান শিক্ষা দেন। ইতোমধ্যে রাম অশ্বমেধ যজ্ঞের আয়োজন করলে বাল্মীকি লব ও কুশকে নিয়ে যজ্ঞস্থলে উপস্থিত হন। লব ও কুশ সভায় রামায়ণ গান গেয়ে শোনান। সীতার বনবাসের গান শুনে রাম দুঃখিত হন। তখন বাল্মীকি সীতাকে নিয়ে আসেন রামের সম্মুখে। কিন্তু রাম সকলের সম্মুখে সীতাকে পুনরায় অগ্নিপরীক্ষা দিতে বললে অপমানিতা সীতা মাতা ধরিত্রীকে আহ্বান জানান। মাটি বিদীর্ণ হয়। দেবী ধরিত্রী উঠে এসে সীতাকে নিয়ে পাতালে চলে যান।[48][49] এরপর রাম জানতে পারেন যে লব ও কুশ আসলে তাঁরই সন্তান। পরে মর্ত্যে অবতাররূপে তাঁর কাজ শেষ হলে রাম পুত্রদ্বয়ের হাতে শাসনভার ছেড়ে দিয়ে সরযূ নদীতে আত্মবিসর্জন করে বৈকুণ্ঠে ফিরে আসেন।[46] মনে করা হয়, এই উত্তরকাণ্ড অংশটি পরবর্তীকালে বাল্মীকি রামায়ণের সঙ্গে যুক্ত হয়েছিল।[6]", "রাণী মুখার্জী\nতিনি তাঁর পিতা রাম মুখোপাধ্যায় একজন অবসরপ্রাপ্ত পরিচালক। তাঁর মা কৃষ্ণা চলচ্চিত্রে গান গাইতেন। তাঁর ভাই রাজা মুখোপাধ্যায় একজন চিত্র প্রযোজক। তাঁর মাসি হলেন প্রখ্যাত চিত্রনায়িকা দেবশ্রী রায়। বলিউড তারকা অভিনেত্রী কাজল তাঁর সম্পর্কিত বোন।তিনি বিখ্যাত পরিচালক প্রযোজক যশ চোপড়া এর বড় ছেলে পরিচালক ও প্রযোজক আদিত্য চোপড়াকে বিয়ে করেন।", "দ্বিজেন্দ্রলাল রায়\nদ্বিজেন্দ্রলাল রায়ের জন্ম অধুনা পশ্চিমবঙ্গের নদিয়া জেলার কৃষ্ণনগরে। তাঁর পিতা কার্তিকেয়চন্দ্র রায় (১৮২০-৮৫) ছিলেন কৃষ্ণনগর রাজবংশের দেওয়ান। তাঁর বাড়িতে বহু গুণীজনের সমাবেশ হত। কার্তিকেয়চন্দ্র নিজেও ছিলেন একজন বিশিষ্ট খেয়াল গায়ক ও সাহিত্যিক। এই বিদগ্ধ পরিবেশ বালক দ্বিজেন্দ্রলালের প্রতিভার বিকাশে বিশেষ সহায়ক হয়। তাঁর মা প্রসন্নময়ী দেবী ছিলেন অদ্বৈত আচার্যের বংশধর। দ্বিজেন্দ্রলালের দুই দাদা রাজেন্দ্রলাল ও হরেন্দ্রলাল এবং এক বৌদি মোহিনী দেবীও ছিলেন বিশিষ্ট সাহিত্যস্রষ্টা।", "তানসেন\nতানসেন ভারতের গোয়ালিয়রে এক হিন্দু পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তার বাবা মুকুন্দ মিস্ত্র ছিলেন একজন কবি। ছোটবেলায় তার নাম ছিল তনু মিস্ত্র[1]। তার বাবা মূলত বিহাটের বাসিন্দা ছিলেন। ছেলের জন্মে তিনি অতি আনন্দিত হন এবং এই জন্মের পিছনে সাধু গাউসের আশীর্বাদ রয়েছে বলে বিশ্বাস করেন। ছেলের নাম রাখেন রামতনু (রামতনু মিস্ত্র)। ছোটবেলা থেকেই তানসেন সঙ্গীত শিক্ষা করতে শুরু করেন। এই শিক্ষায় তার গুরু ছিলেন বৃন্দাবনের তৎকালীন বিখ্যাত সঙ্গীত শিক্ষক হরিদাস স্বামী। মাত্র ১০ বছর বয়সে তার মেধার ক্ষমতা প্রকাশিত হয়। তার মেধা দেখে স্বামীজি বিস্মিত হন এবং তার বাবাকে বলে নিজের সাথে বৃন্দাবন নিয়ে যান। এই বৃন্দাবনেই তানসেনের মূল ভিত রচিত হয়। বিভিন্ন রাগের সুষ্ঠু চর্চার মাধ্যমে তিনি বিখ্যাত পণ্ডিত শিল্পীতে পরিণত হন। অনেক বিখ্যাত হওয়ার পরও তাই তিনি সময় পেলেই বৃন্দাবন আসতেন।", "লালমোহন ঘোষ\nলালমোহন ঘোষ ১৮৪৯ সালে নদিয়া জেলার কৃষ্ণনগর শহরে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তার পিতার নাম ছিল রামলোচন ঘোষ। কৃষ্ণনগর সরকারি কলেজ থেকে প্রথম বিভাগে প্রবেশিকা পরীক্ষায় পাশ করে লন্ডন চলে যান। বিলেত থেকে ব্যারিস্টারি পাশ করে কলকাতা উচ্চ আদালতে যোগদান করেন ১৮৭৩ সালে। তার দাদা মনমোহন ঘোষও ছিলেন খ্যাতনামা ব্যারিস্টার ও রাজনীতিবিদ।", "রাণী রামপাল\nরাণী রামপাল ১৯৯৪ সালের ৪ ডিসেম্বর ভারতের হরিয়ানা রাজ্যের কুরুক্ষেত্র জেলার শাহাবাদ মারকান্দ গ্রামের এক গরীব পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তার পিতা কার্ট পুলার হিসাবে কাজ করতেন। তিনি ২০০৩ সালে ভারতের কেন্দ্রীয় সরকারের যুব ও ক্রীড়া মন্ত্রণালয় কর্তৃক সম্ভাবনাময় উদীয়মান ক্রীড়াবিদের জন্য প্রদত্ত পুরস্কার, দ্রোণাচার্য পুরস্কার প্রাপ্ত হিসাবে শাহাবাদ হকি একাডেমিতে বলদেভ সিংয়ের তত্বাবধায়নে প্রথম হকি প্রশিক্ষণ শুরু করেন। ভারতের বেসরকারি আর্থিক সহায়তাকরী প্রতিষ্ঠান গোস্পোর্ট ফাউন্ডেশন শুরু থেকে আজও পর্যন্ত তার স্বপ্ন পুরনে তাকে ও তার পরিবারকে আর্থিক ও অনার্থিক সহোযোগীতা ও সমর্থন করে চলেছে।", "রাজকুমার বিজয়\nহিউয়েন সাঙ এর বিবরণ হিউয়েন সাঙ( সুয়ানচাং)র বিবরণ থেকে জানা যায় সিংহ(লায়ন) রাজকুমারিকে অপহরণ করে নিয়ে আসে দক্ষিণ ভারত থেকে। এতে বঙ্গ,কলিঙ্গ বা লালার কোনো উল্লেখ নেই। সে এবং তার দুটি সন্তান বন্দিদশা থেকে পালিয়ে তাদের দক্ষিণ ভারতের রাজ্যে ফিরে যায়। তার ছেলে চিহ্-সি-টিসিউ (Chih-sse-tseu )(\"লায়ন-catcher\" অর্থাৎ সিংহবাহু)।পরে তার পিতা সিংহকে বধ করে.।তাকে একটি পুরস্কার দেওয়া হয়, কিন্তু বহিষ্কার করা হয় parricide আইনের জন্য।তিনি রত্নদ্বীপে(শ্রীলঙ্কা, \"দ্বীপ রত্ন\")আসেন সেখানেই বসবাস করতে শুরু করেন। তিনি আক্রমণ করা শুরু করেন নৌ ব্যবসায়ীদের, যারা দ্বীপে রত্ন খুঁজতে আসতেন। তিনি বন্দি করেন এই ব্যবসায়ীদের শিশুদের এবং তাদের জীবন ভিক্ষা দিয়ে একটি সম্প্রদায় তৈরি করেন চিহ্-সি-টিসিউ নিজের সন্তান ছিল (যদিও তাদের মায়ের নাম বলা হয় নি) এবং তার বংশধররা বিভিন্ন ভাগে ভাগ হয়ে যায় ,মানুষের মধ্যে বর্ণপ্রথা বৃদ্ধি পায়। তারা যুদ্ধ করে বিস্তৃত করে।তাদের কমিউনিটি চিহ্-সি-টিসিউ দ্বারা প্রতিষ্ঠিত, যা থেকে সিংহলি জাতির উৎপত্তি হয়। যক্ষের কোনো উল্লেখ এই সংস্করণে নেই।[1]", "রামচন্দ্র বিদ্যাবাগীশ\nরামচন্দ্র বিদ্যাবাগীশের আদি নিবাস নদীয়ার পালপাড়ায় । তাঁর পিতার নাম লক্ষ্মীনারায়ণ তর্কভূষণ । তাঁর বড়ভাই হরিহরানন্দ তীর্থস্বামী রামমোহন রায়ের বন্ধু ছিলেন ।", "রাম\nরামের জীবনকথাকে হিন্দুরা ধর্মনিষ্ঠার আদর্শ হিসেবে মান্য করেন। তাঁকে আদর্শ মানুষ মনে করা হয়। পিতার সম্মানরক্ষার্থে তিনি সিংহাসনের দাবি ত্যাগ করে চোদ্দো বছরের জন্য বনে গিয়েছিলেন।[8] তাঁর স্ত্রী সীতা ও ভাই লক্ষ্মণও তাঁর বিচ্ছেদ সহ্য করতে পারবেন না বলে তাঁর সঙ্গে গিয়েছিলেন। তাঁরা একসঙ্গে চোদ্দো বছর বনে কাটিয়েছিলেন। বনবাসকালে লঙ্কার রাজা রাবণ সীতাকে হরণ করে নিয়ে গিয়েছিলেন। দীর্ঘ অনুসন্ধানের পর রাম রাবণের বিরাট বাহিনীর বিরুদ্ধে যুদ্ধ করেন। এই যুদ্ধে রাবণ পরাজিত হন। রাম সীতাকে উদ্ধার করে অযোধ্যায় ফিরে আসেন। সেখানে তাঁর রাজ্যাভিষেক হয়। পরে তিনি একজন সম্রাটে পরিণত হন।[8] তাঁর রাজ্যে প্রজারা সুখে, শান্তিতে বাস করত এবং রাজ্যের সমৃদ্ধি ও ন্যায়বিচার অব্যাহত ছিল। এই জন্য রামের শাসনের অনুসরণে সুশাসিত রাজ্যকে \"রামরাজ্য\" বলার প্রবণতা চালু হয়।", "রামমোহন রায়\nবেদান্ত-উপনিষদগুলি বের করবার সময়ই তিনি সতীদাহ অশাস্ত্রীয় এবং নীতিবিগর্হিত প্রমাণ করে পুস্তিকা লিখলেন 'প্রবর্তক ও নিবর্তকের সম্বাদ'। প্রতিবাদে পুস্তিকা বের হল 'বিধায়ক নিষেধকের সম্বাদ'। তার প্রতিবাদে দ্বিতীয় ও তৃতীয় পুস্তিকা বের হয়। এই বছরেই ডিসেম্বর মাসে আইন করে সহমরণ-রীতি নিষিদ্ধ করা হয়। তবুও গোঁড়ারা চেষ্টা করতে লাগল যাতে পার্লামেন্টে বিষয়টি পুনর্বিবেচিত হয়। এই চেষ্টায় বাধা দেওয়ার জন্য রামমোহন বিলেত যেতে প্রস্তুত হলেন। এব্যাপারে তাকে আর্থিক সহায়তা দান করেন প্রিন্স দ্বারকানাথ ঠাকুর।", "হরলাল রায়\nহরলাল রায় (১৯৩২-১৯৯৪) একজন কণ্ঠশিল্পী ও গীতিকার। তিনি ১৯৩২ সালে নীলফামারীর সূবর্ণ খুলি গ্রামে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তিনি টিভি ও বেতারে সঙ্গীত পরিবেশন ছাড়াও বাংলা চলচ্চিত্রে অভিনয় করেন। ভাওয়াইয়া সঙ্গীতে তার অবদান উল্লেখযোগ্য। তিনি জনপ্রিয় সংগীত শিল্পী রথীন্দ্রনাথ রায় -এর পিতা।", "হাসন রাজা\nহাছন রাজার জন্ম ১৮৫৪ সালের ২১ ডিসেম্বর (৭ পৌষ ১২৬১) সেকালের সিলেট জেলার সুনামগঞ্জ শহরের নিকটবর্তী সুরমা নদীর তীরে লক্ষণছিরি (লক্ষণশ্রী) পরগণার তেঘরিয়া গ্রামে। হাছন রাজা জমিদার পরিবারের সন্তান। তাঁর পিতা দেওয়ান আলী রাজা চৌধুরী ছিলেন প্রতাপশালী জমিদার। হাসন রাজা তাঁর তৃতীয় পুত্র। আলী রাজা তার খালাতো ভাই আমির বখ্‌শ চৌধুরীর নিঃসন্তান বিধবা হুরমত জাহান বিবিকে পরিণত বয়সে বিয়ে করেন। হুরমত বিবির গর্ভেই হাছন রাজার জন্ম।[4] হাছনের পিতা দেওয়ান আলী রাজা তাঁর অপূর্ব সুন্দর বৈমাত্রেয় ভাই দেওয়ান ওবেদুর রাজার পরামর্শ মত তাঁরই নামের আকারে তাঁর নামকরণ করেন অহিদুর রাজা।", "রাণী ভবানী\nবগুড়া জেলার আদমদিঘি থানাধীন ছাতিয়ান নামক গ্রামে রানী ভবানী জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। খুব অল্প বয়সেই তৎকালীন নাটোরের জমিদার রামকান্তের সাথে রানী ভবানীর বিয়ে হয়। তার তিন সন্তানদের মধ্যে (২ ছেলে, ১ মেয়ে ) শুধু তারাসুন্দরী জীবিত ছিলেন। পরবর্তীতে তিনি রামকৃষ্ণকে দত্তক নেন। রামকৃষ্ণের দুই সন্তান বিশ্বনাথ (বড় তরফ) শিবনাথ (ছোট তরফ)(নাটোর রাজবাড়ীতে দুইটি তরফ আছে বড় তরফ ও ছোট তরফ)।", "অমর্ত্য সেন\nঅমর্ত্য সেনের জন্ম শান্তিনিকেতনে মাতামহ ক্ষিতিমোহন সেনের 'পর্ণকুটীরে'। তাঁর আদি নিবাস বর্তমান বাংলাদেশের রাজধানী ঢাকার মানিকগঞ্জে । রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর তাঁঁর নাম রেখেছিলেন অমর্ত্য, যার অর্থ অমর বা অবিনশ্বর। অমর্ত্য সেন একটি সম্ভ্রান্ত বৈদ্য পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহন করেছিলেন। তাঁর মাতামহ আচার্য ক্ষিতিমোহন সেন ছিলেন প্রাচীন ভারতীয় সাহিত্যের একজন পন্ডিত এবং রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের সহযোগী। এছাড়া, তিনি সংস্কৃত ভাষার অধ্যাপক এবং বিশ্বভারতী বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের দ্বিতীয় উপাচার্যও ছিলেন। ক্ষিতিমোহন সেনের তিন ভ্রাতষ্পুত্রের মধ্যে সুকুমার সেন ভারতের প্রথম নির্বাচন কমিশনার, অমিয় সেন একজন প্রসিদ্ধ ডাক্তার এবং ব্যারিস্টার অশোক কুমার সেন, সাংসদ. ছিলেন ভারতের কেন্দ্রীয় আইন ও বিচার মন্ত্রনালয়ের একজন সাবেক ক্যাবিনেট মন্ত্রি। অমর্ত্য সেনের বাবা অধ্যাপক আশুতোষ সেন এবং মা অমিতা সেন, দুজনই ঢাকার মানিকগঞ্জে জন্মগ্রহন করেন। আশুতোষ সেন ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের রসায়ন বিভাগের অধ্যাপক এবং পরবর্তীকালে ওয়েস্ট বেঙ্গল পাবলিক সার্ভিস কমিশনের চেয়ারম্যান হিসেবে দিল্লিতে কর্মরত ছিলেন। পিতামহ সারদাপ্রসাদ সেন ছিলেন ডিস্ট্রিক ম্যাজিস্ট্রেট।", "দীঘাপতিয়া রাজবংশ\nপালক পিতা প্রাণনাথ রায়ের মৃত্যুর পর জমিদারীর উত্তরাধিকারী হন দত্তক পুত্র প্রসন্ননাথ রায়। তিনি প্রতিভাশালী মানুষ ছিলেন। তাঁর বদান্তাও ছিল সুবিদিত। জনকল্যাণে তিনি প্রচুর অর্থ ব্যয় করেছিলেন। দীঘাপতিয়া থেকে বোয়ালিয়া পর্যন্ত একটি রাস্তা নির্মাণকল্পে তিনি ব্রিটিশ সরকারকে ৩৫০০০ টাকা দান করেন। পরবর্তীকালে এ সড়কের মেরামত ও সংস্কারের জন্যও তিনি বহু অর্থ দান করেছিলেন। তিনি দীঘাপতিয়ায় একটি ইংরেজি বিদ্যালয় এবং নাটোর ও বোয়ালিয়াতে হাসপাতাল প্রতিষ্ঠা করেন। এ দুইয়ের পরিচালনার জন্য তিনি ব্রিটিশ সরকারকে এক লক্ষ টাকা দান করেছিলেন। তিনি কার্যবলী ও ব্যবহারের জন্য ব্রিটিশ সরকারের নিকট বিশেষ মর্যাদা লাভ করেন। ১৮৫৪ খ্রিস্টাব্দের ২০ এপ্রিল তারিখে ব্রিটিশ সরকারর জমিদার প্রসন্ননাথ রায়কে “রাজাবাহাদুর” উপাধিতে ভুষিত করে। ১৮৫৭ খ্রিস্টাব্দের ১০ সেপ্টেম্বর তারিখে তিনি রাজশাহী জেলায় এসিস্টেন্ট ম্যাজিস্ট্রেট পদে নিযুক্তি লাভ করেন। প্রসন্ননাথ রায় দীঘাপতিয়ার রাজবাড়ী সুসজ্জিত করেছিলেন। এছাড়া একটি নাচঘর ও “সিংহী-হল” নির্মাণ করেন। হোলি ও ঝুলনের সময় এখানে নানা উৎসব-নেন্দের ব্যবস্থা করা হতো। স্বদেশানুরাগী, পরমদাতা ও পরোপকারী জমিদাররাজা প্রসন্ননাথ রায় বাহাদুর ১৮৬১ খ্রিস্টাব্দে ইহলোক ত্যাগ করেন। বিয়ে করলেও তিনি ছিলেন অপুত্রক। তাই জীবদ্দাশয় পোষ্যপুত্র গ্রহণ করেন, যার নাম প্রমথনাথ রায়।", "রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস\n১৮৪৩ সালে পিতৃবিয়োগের পর পরিবারের ভার গ্রহণ করেন তাঁর অগ্রজ রামকুমার। এই ঘটনা গদাধরের মনে গভীর প্রভাব বিস্তার করে। ধর্মীয় জীবনযাপনের ইচ্ছা তাঁর মনে দৃঢ় হয়। পিতার অভাব তাঁকে মায়ের খুব কাছে নিয়ে আসে; ঘরের কাজ ও গৃহদেবতার পূজাপাঠে তিনি অধিকতর সময় ব্যয় করতে থাকেন; আত্মমগ্ন হয়ে থাকেন ধর্মীয় মহাকাব্য পাঠে।[23]", "রামায়ণ\nদশরথ ছিলেন কোশল রাজ্যের রাজা, তাঁর রাজধানী ছিল অযোধ্যা নগরীতে। তাঁর তিন মহিষী: কৌশল্যা, কৈকেয়ী ও সুমিত্রা। দীর্ঘদিন অপুত্রক অবস্থায় থাকার কারণে পুত্রকামনায় রাজা দশরথ পুত্র-কামেষ্টী বা পুত্রেষ্টী যজ্ঞের আয়োজন করেন।[22] এরপরই কৌশল্যার গর্ভে রাম, কৈকেয়ীর গর্ভে ভরত এবং সুমিত্রার গর্ভে লক্ষ্মণ ও শত্রুঘ্ন নামে দুই যমজ পুত্রের জন্ম হয়।[23][24] এই চারজনই ছিলেন বিষ্ণুর অংশসম্ভূত। রাবণ নামে এক অত্যাচারী রাক্ষসরাজাকে বধ করবার উদ্দেশ্যে বিষ্ণু মানবের রূপ ধারণ করে অবতার গ্রহণ করেন। উল্লেখ্য, ব্রহ্মার বরে এই রাবণ একমাত্র কোনো পরাক্রমী নশ্বর মানবের হাতেই বধ্য ছিলেন।[25] চার রাজকুমার শস্ত্রবিদ্যা ও শাস্ত্রে বিশেষ পারদর্শিতা অর্জন করেন। একদা ঋষি বিশ্বামিত্র দশরথের সভায় উপস্থিত হয়ে তাঁর আশ্রমে উপদ্রব সৃষ্টিকারী রাক্ষসদের ধ্বংস করতে রাজার সহায়তা প্রার্থনা করেন। তিনি এই কাজের জন্য ষোড়শ-বর্ষীয় রামকে নির্বাচন করেন। রামের সঙ্গে যান তাঁর ছায়াসঙ্গী লক্ষ্মণ। রাম ও লক্ষ্মণকে বিশ্বামিত্র বিশেষ শস্ত্রশিক্ষা ও নানান অলৌকিক অস্ত্রশস্ত্র প্রদান করেন। নবলব্ধ শিক্ষা ও অস্ত্রে বলীয়ান হয়ে রাম ও লক্ষ্মণ ঋষির আশ্রমে উপদ্রব সৃষ্টিকারী সকল রাক্ষসকে হত্যা করেন।[26]", "পরশুরাম\nপরশুরাম (সংস্কৃত: परशुराम) বিষ্ণুর ষষ্ঠ অবতার। তিনি ত্রেতা যুগে এবং দ্বাপর যুগে বর্তমান ছিলেন। পরশুরামের পিতা জমদগ্নি ব্রাহ্মণ হলেও, মা রেণুকা ছিলেন ক্ষত্রিয়। কঠোর তপস্যা করে তিনি শিবের নিকট হতে পরশু লাভ করেন এবং যুদ্ধবিদ্যা শেখেন। কথিত আছে, তিনি সমুদ্রের আগ্রাসন থেকে কোঙ্কণ ও মালাবার অঞ্চলকে রক্ষা করেছিলেন। এই কারণে কেরল ও কোঙ্কণ উপকূলীয় অঞ্চলকে পরশুরাম ক্ষেত্র বলা হয়। পরশুরাম ছিলেন ব্রহ্মক্ষত্রিয়। তিনিই ছিলেন প্রথম যোদ্ধা সন্ত। তাঁর মা অযোধ্যার সূর্যবংশের সন্তান ছিলেন। উল্লেখ্য, এই বংশেই রামচন্দ্রের জন্ম হয়।", "ফালগুনী রায়\nফালগুনী রায়-এর জন্ম কলকাতার বরানগরের প্রখ্যাত জমিদার রতনলাল রায়ের পরিবারে। যার নামে বরানগরে 'রতনবাবুর ঘাট' বর্তমান। তার দাদা তুষার রায় ছিলেন কৃত্তিবাস গোষ্ঠীর কবি। স্বাধীনতার পর জমিদারি প্রথা অবসানের কারণে ফালগুনীর প্রজন্মে পরিবারটি আকল্পনীয় দুর্দশায় আক্রান্ত হয়, এবং ফালগুনীর চরিত্রে তার বিপুল প্রভাব পড়ে। তাদের পারিবারিক ভাঙনটিই ফালগুনীর কবিতার ভাঙা আঙ্গিকে প্রতিফলিত হয়েছে বলে আলোচকরা মনে করেন।", "রমিজ রাজা\nরাজা পাকিস্তানের ফয়সালাবাদের মধ্যে পাঞ্জাবি পরিবারে জন্ম গ্রহণ করেন এবং সেন্ট এন্থনি এর উচ্চ বিদ্যালয় লাহোর ও এইচসন কলেজ, লাহোর পড়াশোনা করেন। এছাড়াও তিনি আইআইএম আহমেদাবাদ (ভারত) থেকে ব্যবসা প্রশাসন মাস্টার ডিগ্রী লাভ করেন। তার ভাই, ওয়াসিম রাজা পাকিস্তানের হয়ে টেস্ট ক্রিকেট খেলেছেন এবং অারেক ভাই জাইম রাজা পাকিস্তানের প্রথম শ্রেণীর ক্রিকেট খেলেছেন। তিনি ঝিলাম, পাকিস্তান থেকে তার মাস্টার ডিগ্রী সম্পন্ন করেন।", "দীঘাপতিয়া রাজবংশ\nপ্রসন্ননাথ রায়ের পর উত্তরাধিকার হিসেবে প্রথমনাথ রায় জমিদার হন। তিনি ব্রিটিশ সরকার কর্তৃক “রায়বাহাদুর” খেতাব প্রাপ্ত হয়েছিলেন। রায়বাহাদুর প্রথমনাথ রায় তিনি ছিলেন পিতার পোষ্যপুত্র। ১৮৪৯ খ্রিঃ দীঘাপতিয়া রাজভবনেই ১৮৪৯ খ্রিস্টাব্দে তাঁর জন্ম হয়। প্রসন্ননাথ রায় তাকে উত্তরাধিকার মনোনীত করেছিলেন।", "নির্মলচন্দ্র চট্টোপাধ্যায়\nনির্মলচন্দ্র কলকাতার ভবানীপুরে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তার পিতা ভোলানাথ চট্টোপাধ্যায় ছিলেন পেশায় ইঞ্জিনিয়ার। নির্মলচন্দ্র আইন শিক্ষার্থে বিলেত যাত্রা করেন ও কেমব্রিজ বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় থেকে আইন পাশ করে ওকালতি করতে থাকেন। তিনি কলকাতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় থেকে প্রাচীন ভারতীয় ইতিহাস নিয়ে এম এ পাশ করেছিলেন। রাজা চৈত সিংহের জীবনী নিয়ে গবেষনা করে তিনি প্রেমচাঁদ-রায়চাদ বৃত্তি পান।", "রামমোহন রায়\nতাঁর প্রথম প্রকাশিত গ্রন্থ ফারসি ভাষায় লেখা (ভূমিকা অংশ আরবিতে) তুহফাতুল মুহাহহিদিন। বইটিতে একেশ্বরবাদের সমর্থন আছে। এরপর একেশ্বরবাদ (বা ব্রাহ্মবাদ) প্রতিষ্ঠা করার জন্য বেদান্ত-সূত্র ও তার সমর্থক উপনিষদগুলি বাংলার অনুবাদ করে প্রচার করতে থাকেন। ১৮১৫ থেকে ১৮১৯ খ্রিষ্টাব্দের মধ্যে প্রকাশিত হয় বেদান্তগ্রন্থ, বেদান্তসার, কেনোপনিষদ, ঈশোপনিষদ, কঠোপনিষদ, মাণ্ডূক্যোপনিষদ ও মুণ্ডকোপনিষদ। রক্ষণশীল ব্যক্তিরা ক্রুদ্ধ হয়ে তাঁর লেখার প্রতিবাদ দেখাতে লাগলেন। এই সব প্রতিবাদ কটূক্তিপূর্ণ এবং বিদ্বেষ ভাবাপন্ন। রামমোহনও প্রতিবাদের প্রতিবাদ করলেন যুক্তি দিয়ে ও ভদ্রভাষায়। প্রতিবাদ-কর্তারা অবিলম্বে থেমে গিয়েছিলেন। প্রতিবাদ-কর্তাদের মধ্যে প্রথম ও প্রধান ছিলেন মৃত্যুঞ্জয় বিদ্যালঙ্কার, এঁর গ্রন্থের নাম 'বেদান্তচন্দ্রিকা'। বেদান্তচন্দ্রিকা'র প্রতিবাদে রামমোহন ভট্টাচার্যের সহিত বিচার লিখে প্রতিবাদীদের মুখ বন্ধ করে দিয়েছিলেন। 'বেদান্ত গ্রন্থ' প্রকাশের সঙ্গে তিনি ব্রহ্মনিষ্ঠ একেশ্বর উপাসনার পথ দেখালেন আত্মীয় সভা প্রতিষ্ঠা করে। এই আত্মীয় সভাকেই পরে তিনি ব্রাহ্মসমাজ নাম ও রূপ দেন। সাহেবদের বাংলা শেখানোর জন্য তিনি বাংলা ও ইংরেজিতে ব্যাকরণ রচনা করেন। [2]", "প্রিয়া রায়না\nপ্রিয়া রায়না ভারতের কাশ্মিরে নভেম্বরের ৫ তারিখে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন, তার বাবার নাম হচ্ছে শুবান লাল রায়না এবং মায়ের নাম হচ্ছে রেখা রায়না। তিনি কাশ্মিরি পন্ডিতের সাথে তার শৈশব অতিবাহিত করেন।", "চন্দ্রশেখর ভেঙ্কট রামন\nরমনের বাবা প্রাথমিকভাবে থিরুওয়ানাইকোভিলের একটি বিদ্যালয়ে পড়ান, পরে তিনি মিসেস এভি নরসিংহ রাও কলেজে গণিত ও পদার্থবিজ্ঞানে অধ্যাপক হন। ভারতের অন্ধ্র প্রদেশের বিসাখাপত্তনম (তখন বিশাকাপত্তনম) এবং পরে মাদ্রাজে (বর্তমানে চেন্নাই) প্রেসিডেন্সি কলেজে যোগ দেন। ", "চুখ্রুংফা\nরুদ্র সিংহ বা চুখ্রুংফা (;) আহোম সাম্রাজ্যের টুংখুঙীয়া ফৈদের স্বর্গদেউ ছিলেন। তাঁর শাসনকালে আহোম সাম্রাজ্য খ্যাতি ও শক্তিতে পরিপূর্ন হয়েছিল। রাজাসিংহাসনে বসার পূর্বে তাঁর নাম ছিল লাই। তাঁর পিতার নাম গদাধর সিংহ ও মাতার নাম জয়মতী। রুদ্র সিংহ মোগল সেনাকে পরাজিত করে নিজের সাম্রাজ্য বিস্তার করার জন্য তিনি অসমের ইতিহাসে বিখ্যাত ও জনপ্রিয় হয়ে আছেন। তিনি নিজ মাতৃ জয়মতীর স্মৃতিতে জয়সাগর ও জয়দৌল নির্মাণ করেন।", "সন্ধ্যাকর নন্দী\nসন্ধ্যাকর নন্দী বাংলার পাল শাসনামলের একজন প্রাচীন কবি। আনুমানিক ১০৮৪ সালে তার জন্ম। উত্তরবঙ্গের প্রাচীন নগরী পুন্ড্রবর্ধনের বৃহদ্বটু গ্রামে(এখন দক্ষিন দিনাজপুর জেলার কুমারগঞ্জের বটুন গ্রামে) এক কায়স্ত পরিবারে তিনি জন্মগ্রহন করেন। তার পিতামহের নাম পিনাক নন্দী এবং পিতার নাম প্রজাপতি নন্দী। তার পিতা পাল রাজা রামপালের রাজসভার যুদ্ধ ও শান্তী বিষয়ক মন্ত্রী ((সান্ধিবিগ্রহিক)) ছিলেন। তিনি রামচরিতম্ (রামচরিত মানস) নামে একটি মহাকাব্য রাচনা করেন। হরপ্রসাদ শাস্ত্রী তালপাতায় লেখা রামচরিতম্ পুঁথিটি আবিষ্কার করেন। কোলকাতার এশিয়াটিক সোসাইটির যাদুঘরে পুঁথিটি রক্ষিত আছে। চারটি পরিচ্ছেদে বিভক্ত সংস্কৃত ভাষায় রচিত এই কাব্যে যুগপৎ হিন্দু ধর্মের অবতার রামচন্দ্র এবং গৌড়ের রাজা রামপালের প্রশংসা বর্ণনা করা হয়েছে। পুঁথির শেষাংশে কবি তার আত্মপরিচয় লিপিবদ্ধ করেছেন। ", "হাসন রাজা\nহাছন রাজার পূর্বপুরুষেরা হিন্দু ছিলেন। তাঁদেরই একজন বীরেন্দ্রচন্দ্র সিংহদেব মতান্তরে বাবু রায় চৌধুরী ইসলাম ধর্ম গ্রহণ করেন।[5] হাছন রাজার পুর্বপুরুষের অধিবাস ছিল অয্যোধ্যায়। সিলেটে আসার আগে তাঁরা দক্ষিণবঙ্গের যশোর জেলার কাগদি নামক গ্রামের অধিবাসী ছিলেন। ষোড়শ শতাব্দীর শেষের দিকে সিলেট জেলার বিশ্বনাথ থানার কোণাউরা গ্রামে তাঁর পূর্ব পুরুষ বিজয় সিং বসতি শুরু করেন, পরে কোন একসময় বিজয় সিং কোণাউরা গ্রাম ত্যাগ করে একেই এলাকায় নতুন আরেকটি গ্রামের গোড়া পত্তন করেন এবং তাঁর বংশের আদি পুরুষ রামচন্দ্র সিংহদেবের নামের প্রথমাংশ রাম যোগ করে রাম যোগ পাশা রামপাশা।[6]", "গ্ঝোন-নু-সেং-গে\nগ্ঝোন-নু-সেং-গের পিতা ল্হা-গ্চেন () ছিলেন দ্বোন-রাস-দার-মা-সেং-গে নামক রালুং বৌদ্ধবিহারের দ্বিতীয় প্রধানের ভ্রাতা। গ্ঝোন-নু-সেং-গের ভগিনীর নাম রিন-ছেন-দ্পাল-মো ()। আট বছর বয়সে দ্বোন-রাস-দার-মা-সেং-গে তাঁকে দীক্ষাদান করেন। এছাড়া তিনি দ্বোন-পো-'ব্যুং-গ্নাস-র্গ্যাল-ম্ত্শান () নামক মার-পা-ছোস-ক্যি-ব্লো-গ্রোসের শিষ্য ও খু-স্তোন-ব্র্ত্সোন-'গ্রুস-গ্যুং-দ্রুং () নামক অতীশ দীপঙ্করের শিষ্যের নিকট শিক্ষালাভ করেন। তিনি ছোস-র্জে-সা-স্ক্যা-পান-ডি-তা-কুন-দ্গা'-র্গ্যাল-ম্ত্শানের নিকট মধ্যমক সম্বন্ধে অধ্যয়ন করেন। তেত্রিশ বছর বয়সে তিনি রালুং বৌদ্ধবিহারের তৃতীয় প্রধান হিসেবে নির্বাচিত হন।", "ত্রিদিব রায়\nতার পিতা রাজা নলিনাক্ষ রায় ১৯৫২ সালের ৭ অক্টোবর মস্তিষ্কের রক্তক্ষরনের কারণে মারা যান। এসময় তার বয়স ছিল ৪৯ বছর। ত্রিদিব রায় ১৯৫৩ সালের ২ মার্চ ৫০তম চাকমা রাজা হিসেবে সিংহাসনে বসেন। একই বছর রাণী আরতি রায়ের সাথে তার বিয়ে হয়।[7]", "ভরত (রামায়ণ)\nরাম যৌবরাজ্যে অভিষিক্ত হওয়ার পর ভরতের মাত্রা কৈকেয়ীর চক্রান্তে পিতৃসত্য পালনে চোদ্দো বছরের জন্য বনে গমন করেন রামচন্দ্র। কৈকেয়ী রামের বদলে ভরতকে অযোধ্যার সিংহাসনে বসাতে চাইলেও, ভরত রাজপদ অস্বীকার করেন। তিনি বনে গিয়ে রামের সঙ্গে সাক্ষাৎ করেন এবং রামকে অযোধ্যায় প্রত্যাবর্তনের অনুরোধ জানান। কিন্তু পিতৃসত্য পালনে দৃঢ়প্রতিজ্ঞ রাম অযোধ্যায় প্রত্যাবর্তনে অসম্মত হলে, ভরত রামের পাদুকাদ্বয় নিয়ে রাজ্যে ফেরেন। তবে অযোধ্যায় না ফিরে মাতুলালয় নন্দীগ্রাম থেকে রামের নামে রাজপ্রতিনিধিরূপে রাজ্যশাসন করতে থাকেন। উল্লেখ্য, ভরত রামকে সিংহাসনের প্রকৃত অধিকারী মনে করে, সিংহাসনে আরোহণ করতেও অস্বীকার করেছিলেন। এই কারণে অযোধ্যার রাজগুরু বশিষ্ট তাঁকে ধর্মের প্রতীক বলে উল্লেখ করেন।", "নবরত্ন\nমহারাজা কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র রায় (১৭১০-১৭৮৩) নদীয়ার রাজা এবং কৃষ্ণনগর রাজবংশের প্রতিষ্ঠাতা ভবানন্দ মজুমদারের বংশধর। কৃষ্ণচন্দ্র ছিলেন রাজনৈতিক দূরদৃষ্টিসম্পন্ন একজন কূটকৌশলী ব্যক্তি। তার রাজদরবারের নবরত্নগণ হলেনঃ", "গুরু গোবিন্দ সিংহ\nগুরু গোবিন্দ সিংহ যখন জন্মগ্রহন করে ছিলেন তখন তার নাম ছিল গোবিন্দ রাই। তার পিতা ছিলেন গুরু তেগ বাহাদুর ও তার মা ছিলেন মাতা গুজরি। গুরু গোবিন্দ সিংহ তার জীবনের প্রথম ৫ বছর পাটনা শহরে কাটান। একবার পাটনা শহরের রাজা ফতে চাঁদ ও তার রানী, যারা সন্তানহীন ছিলেন, শিব দত্ত এর কাছে আসেন এবং একজন সন্তানের জন্য প্রার্থনা করতে বলেন। শিব দত্ত তাদের শিশু গুরু গোবিন্দ সিংহ এর সাথে দেখা করতে ও তার আর্শিবাদ নিতে বলেন। গুরু গোবিন্দ সিংহ এর সাথে দেখা করার পর রানী তাকে ছেলে সন্তানের জন্য আর্শিবাদ দিতে অনুরোধ করেন, এতে গুরু গোবিন্দ সিংহ হাসি দিয়ে বলেন যে তাদের ছেলে সন্তানের দরকার কি, তাকেই তারা ছেলে হিসাবে ডাকতে পারেন। এর পর হতে রানী তাকে ছেলে মর্যাদা দেন এবং তাকে ছেলে বলে ডাকতেন। গুরু গোবিন্দ সিংহ তখন প্রায়ই তাদের প্রসাদে এ যেতেন ও খেলা করতেন। রানী তাকে ও তার খেলার সাথীদের পুরি ও ছোলার ডাল রান্না করে দিতেন। আজও সেই প্রসাদে পুরি ও ছোলার ডাল রান্না করা হয় এবং তা গরীব মানুষের মাঝে বিতরন করা হয়। প্রসাদটি এখন গুরুদোয়ারাতে পরিনত হয়েছে।\nনওয়াব করিম বখশ ও রহিম বখশ তাকে পছন্দ করতেন এবং গুরু গোবিন্দ সিংহকে একটি গ্রাম ও বাগান উপহার দিয়েছিলেন।", "রামনারায়ণ তর্করত্ন\nরামনারায়ণের পিতা রামধন শিরোমনি সেকালের একজন নামকরা পন্ডিত ছিলেন। তাঁর দাদা প্রাণকৃষ্ণ বিদ্যাসাগর সংস্কৃত কলেজের অধ্যাপক ছিলেন। রামনারায়ণ সংস্কৃত কলেজে ১৮৪৩ থেকে ১৮৫৩ সাল পর্যন্ত অধ্যয়ন করেন। তিনি প্রথমে হিন্দু মেট্রোপলিটন কলেজে প্রধান পন্ডিত হিসেবে এবং পরে সংস্কৃত কলেজে অধ্যাপক হিসেবে কাজ করেন। প্রায় ২৭ বছর তিনি সংস্কৃত কলেজে অধ্যাপনা করেন।১৮৮২ সালে এই কলেজ থেকে অবসর গ্রহণ করে তিনি নিজগ্রাম হরিনাভিতে চতুষ্পাঠী খুলে অধ্যাপনার দ্বারা বাকি জীবন অতিবাহিত করেন।", "কৃষ্ণমোহন বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়\n১৮২৮ খ্রিস্টাব্দে কলেরা রোগে কৃষ্ণমোহনের পিতার মৃত্যু হয়। ১৮২৯ খ্রিস্টাব্দের নভেম্বর মাসে তিনি হিন্দু কলেজ থেকে উত্তীর্ণ হয়ে হেয়ারের স্কুলে দ্বিতীয় শিক্ষকের পদে নিযুক্ত হন। ১৮৩১ খ্রিস্টাব্দে প্রসন্নকুমার ঠাকুর \"রিফর্মার\" নামে সংবাদপত্র বার করলে তিনি তাঁর প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বিতা করে ওই বছর মে মাসে \"ইঙ্কোয়েরার\" নামে একটি পত্রিকা বার করেন এবং তাতে হিন্দুধর্ম ও হিন্দুসমাজ সম্পর্কে সমালোচনা করেন। ১৮৫০ খ্রিস্টাব্দে তিনি একটি বিদ্রূপপূর্ণ পুস্তক প্রকাশ করে তাতে রাধাকান্ত দেবকে \"গাধাকান্ত দেব\" নামে অভিহিত করেন।", "লক্ষ্মীপুর জেলা\nশ্রী সুরেশ চন্দ্রনাথ মুজমদার রাজপুরুষ যোগীবংশ নামক গবেষণামূলক গ্রন্থে লিখেছেন দালাল বাজারের জমিদার রাজা গৌর কিশোর রায় চৌধুরী ১৭৬৫ খ্রিস্টাব্দে ইস্ট ইন্ডিয়া কোম্পানী থেকে রাজা উপাধি পেয়েছেন। তাঁর পূর্বপুরুষরা ১৬২৯ থেকে ১৬৫৮ খ্রিস্টাব্দের মধ্যে দালাল বাজার আসেন। তাঁর বংশের প্রথম পুরুষের নাম লক্ষ্মী নারায়ণ রায় (বৈষ্ণব) এবং রাজা গৌর কিশোরের স্ত্রীর নাম লক্ষ্মী প্রিয়া। অনেক ঐতিহাসিকের মতে, লক্ষ্মী নারায়ণ রায় বা লক্ষ্মী প্রিয়ার নাম অনুসারে লক্ষ্মীপুরের নামকরণ করা হয়।[3]", "উপেন্দ্রকিশোর রায়চৌধুরী\nতাঁর পিতা কালীনাথ রায় ছিলেন সুদর্শন ও আরবি, ফার্সি ও সংস্কৃতে সুপ-িত। তাঁর ডাকনাম ছিল শ্যামসুন্দর মুন্সী। উপেন্দ্রকিশোর শ্যামসুন্দরের আটটি সন্তানের মধ্যে তৃতীয় পুত্রসন্তান। তাঁর পৈতৃক নাম ছিল কামদারঞ্জন রায়। পাঁচ বছরেরও কম বয়সে তাঁর পিতার অপুত্রক আত্মীয় জমিদার হরকিশোর রায়চৌধুরী তাঁকে দত্তক নেন ও নতুন নাম দেন উপেন্দ্রকিশোর রায়চৌধুরী।", "ওয়াসিম রাজা\nপাঞ্জাবের মুলতানে জন্মগ্রহণকারী ওয়াসিম রাজার পিতা উচ্চপদস্থ সরকারী কর্মকর্তা ছিলেন। লাহোরের সরকারী কলেজ থেকে রাষ্ট্রবিজ্ঞান বিষয়ে স্নাতকোত্তর ডিগ্রী লাভ করেন তিনি।", "রামায়ণ\nবাল্মীকি রামায়ণের রচনাকাল আনুমানিক খ্রিষ্টপূর্ব চতুর্থ শতাব্দী।[6] বিভিন্ন সাংস্কৃতিক প্রমাণ (যেমন মহাভারতে সতীদাহ প্রথার উল্লেখ থাকলেও রামায়ণের মূল পাঠে তা নেই) থেকে অনুমিত হয় এই গ্রন্থ মহাভারতের পূর্বে রচিত হয়েছিল।[12] হিন্দু বিশ্বাস অনুযায়ী, হিন্দু কালপঞ্জিতে উল্লিখিত যুগপর্যায়ের দ্বিতীয় যুগ ত্রেতায় এই মহাকাব্য রচিত হয়। কথিত আছে, ত্রেতা যুগেই ইক্ষ্বাকু বংশীয় রাজা দশরথের পুত্র রামের জন্ম হয়।[13]", "রাধারমণ দত্ত\nকবি রাধারমণের পারিবারিক ঐতিহ্যের ধারাবাহিকতায় উপাসনার প্রধান অবলম্বন সংগীতের সংগে তাঁর পরিচয় ছিল শৈশব থেকেই। খ্যাতিমান লোককবি জয়দেবের গীতগৌবিন্দ এর বাংলা অনুবাদ করেছিলেন তার পিতা রাধামাধব দত্ত। পিতার সংগীত ও সাহিত্য সাধনা তাকেও প্রভাবিত করেছিল।১২৫০ বঙ্গাব্দে রাধারমণ পিতৃহারা হন এবং মা সুবর্ণা দেবীর কাছে বড় হতে থাকেন। ১২৭৫ বঙ্গাব্দে মৌলভীবাজারের আদপাশা গ্রামে শ্রী চৈতন্যদেবের অন্যতম পার্ষদ সেন শিবানন্দ বংশীয় নন্দকুমার সেন অধিকারীর কন্যা গুণময়ী দেবীকে বিয়ে করেন। পিতার রচিত গ্রন্থ গুলো সে সময় তাঁর জন্য পিতা আদর্শ হয়ে অন্তরে স্থান করে নিল। কালক্রমে তিনি একজন স্বভাবকবি হিসেবে আত্মপ্রকাশ করেন। রচনা করেন হাজার হাজার বাউল গান । লিখেছেন কয়েক শ ধামাইল গান। ধামাইল গান সমবেত নারীকন্ঠে বিয়ের অনুষ্ঠানে গীত হয়। বিশেষত সিলেট, কাছাড়, ত্রিপুরা ও ময়মসিংহ অঞ্চলে একসময় এর প্রচলন খুব বেশি ছিল। রাধারমণ দত্ত একাধারে গীতিকার, সুরকার, ও শিল্পী ছিলেন। জানা যায়, সাধক রাধারমণ দত্ত ও মরমি কবি হাসন রাজার মধ্যে যোগাযোগ ছিল। অন্তরের মিল ছিল খুব বেশী। তাঁদের মধ্য বিভিন্ন সময় পত্রালাপ হতো কবিতায়। একবার হাসন রাজা রাধারমণের কুশল জানতে গানের চরণ বাঁধেন : রাধারমণ তুমি কেমন, হাছন রাজা দেখতে চায়। উত্তরে রাধারমণ লিখেনঃ- কুশল তুমি আছো কেমন - জানতে চায় রাধারমণ। রাধারমণ একজন কৃঞ্চপ্রেমিক ছিলেন। কৃঞ্চবিরহে তিনি লিখেছেন অসংখ গান। এ সব গানের মধ্যে বিখ্যাত দুটি গান হচ্ছেঃ", "যতীন্দ্রমোহন রায়\nযতীন্দ্রমোহন রায়ের জন্ম রাজবাড়ি জেলার গোয়ালন্দ উপজেলায়। তাঁর পিতার নাম হরিমোহন রায়।", "ক্ষিতিমোহন সেন\nক্ষিতিমোহন সেনের পিতার নাম ভুবনমোহন । তাঁর পৈতৃক নিবাস বর্তমান বাংলাদেশের ঢাকা জেলার সোনারং । তাঁর জন্ম হয় কাশীতে ।", "পঞ্চকন্যা\nদণ্ডকারণ্যে নির্বাসন থাকাকালে তিনি রাবণের পাতানো শিকারে পরিণত হন ও রামকে সোনার হরিণের খোঁজে প্রেরণ করলে রাবণ চাতুর্যতার সাথে তাকে অপহরণ করেন। সীতাকে লঙ্কার অশোক বাটিকার কুঞ্জবনে আটকিয়ে রাখা হয়। রাবণকে যুদ্ধে পরাভূত করে সীতাকে উদ্ধার করে আনেন রাম। অগ্নিপরীক্ষায় অংশগ্রহণের মাধ্যমে সীতা তাঁর সতীত্বের প্রমাণ দেন। রাম ও সীতা অযোধ্যায় ফিরে আসেন ও রাম রাজা হিসেবে অভিষিক্ত হন। এক ধোপা তাঁর সতীত্বের বিষয়ে সন্দেহ পোষণ করলে রাম গর্ভবতী সীতাকে বনে পাঠিয়ে দেন। সীতা ঋষি বাল্মিকী’র তপোবনে লব ও কুশ নামে যমজ পুত্রসন্তানের জন্ম দেন। সন্তানেরা বড় হয়ে পিতা রামের সাথে পুনর্মিলিত হয়। রাম তাঁকে ফিরিয়ে আনার পূর্ব সীতাকে আবারো তাঁর সতীত্বের পরীক্ষায় অবতীর্ণ হতে হয়। এবার সীতা তাঁর মাতা পৃথিবীর কোলে ফিরে যেতে মত দেন। স্বামী বিবেকানন্দের মতে, সীতা ভারতের প্রতিনিধিস্থানীয়া - ভারতের আদর্শ। স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ আশ্বস্ত করেন যে, অতীতের বিশ্বসাহিত্য ও ভবিষ্যতের বিশ্বসাহিত্য একীভূত হলেও আরকেটি সীতাকে খুঁজে বের করে আনা অসম্ভব। কারণ, সীতা অদ্বিতীয়, তাঁর চরিত্র সকলের জন্য একবারই গঠিত হয়েছে। স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ রামকে অনেকভাবে দেখেছেন, কিন্তু কখনো সীতাকে একবারের বেশী দেখেননি।", "অসীম রায়\nঅসীম রায় () (৭ মার্চ ১৯২৭ - ৩ এপ্রিল ১৯৮৬) একজন বাঙালি সাহিত্যিক ও প্রথিতযশা সাংবাদিক।\nঅসীম রায়ের জন্ম ভোলা, বরিশাল জেলায়। পিতার নাম ছিল ভবেশচন্দ্র রায়। মাতা জ্যোৎস্না দেবী । ১৯৩৮ সালে জলপাইগুড়ি থেকে কলকাতায় এসে ভবানীপুর মিত্র ইনস্টিটিউশনে সপ্তম শ্রেণীতে ভর্তি হন। ১৯৪৬ সালে কলকাতার প্রেসিডেন্সী কলেজ থেকে ইংরিজি অনার্স সহ স্নাতক । ছাত্রাবস্থায় ১৯৪৬ সালের ২৯ জুলাই ডাক ও তার বিভাগের ধর্মঘটের সমর্থনে মিছিলে যোগ দেন। ১৯৪৮ সালে কলকাতা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় থেকে ইংরিজি সাহিত্যে স্নাতকোত্তর ডিগ্রি লাভ, স্বর্ণপদক সহ।", "দেবশিস রায়\nদেবাশীষ রায় ওঠে রাজা চাকমা সার্কেল পর তার বাবা Tridev রায় চলে গেলেন প্রবাসে নিম্নলিখিত স্বাধীনতার বাংলাদেশ থেকে পাকিস্তান ১৯৭১ সালে. ১৯৭০ সালে সাধারণ নির্বাচনে Raja Tridev রায় হয়েছে, নির্বাচিত জাতীয় পরিষদের পাকিস্তানের এক হিসাবে, শুধুমাত্র দুটি অ আওয়ামী লীগ প্রার্থী থেকে পূর্ব পাকিস্তান. সাবেক রাজা বিরোধিতা যারা বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা পালিয়ে রাঙামাটি এবং পালিয়ে পাকিস্তানে শেষে বাংলাদেশের স্বাধীনতা যুদ্ধ. তবে অধিকাংশ রাজ পরিবার সহ রানী এবং যুবরাজ ছিল, এখনও বাকি রাঙামাটি প্রাসাদ. পরে উদ্ভব বাংলাদেশ, যুবরাজ দেবাশীষ রায় ছিল ঘোষিত রাজা অভাবে কারণে তার বাবা. তার পুত্র ত্রিভুবন রায় ছিল তৈরি যুবরাজ (ক্রাউন প্রিন্স) ২০০৩ সালে.", "রাম\nরাম (সংস্কৃত: राम) হলেন হিন্দু দেবতা বিষ্ণুর সপ্তম অবতার।[1] হিন্দু ধর্মগ্রন্থগুলিতে তাঁকে অযোধ্যার রাজা বলা হয়েছে। সপ্তম অবতার রাম ও অষ্টম অবতার কৃষ্ণ হলেন বিষ্ণুর অবতারগুলির মধ্যে সবচেয়ে বেশি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। হিন্দুধর্মে তিনি একজন জনপ্রিয় দেবতা। ভারত ও নেপাল রাষ্ট্রে তাঁর পূজার বহুল প্রচলন দেখা যায়। হিন্দুধর্মের রাম উপাসনা-কেন্দ্রিক সম্প্রদায়গুলিতে রামকে বিষ্ণুর অবতার না বলে সর্বোচ্চ ঈশ্বর হিসেবে মান্য করার প্রবণতা দেখা যায়। রাম সূর্যবংশে (ইক্ষ্বাকু বংশ বা পরবর্তীকালে উক্ত বংশের রাজা রঘুর নামানুসারে রঘুবংশ নামে পরিচিত) জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন। রামের একটি বিশেষ মূর্তিতে তাঁর পাশে তাঁর ভাই লক্ষ্মণ, স্ত্রী সীতা ও ভক্ত হনুমানকে দেখা যায়। এই মূর্তিকে বলা হয় \"রাম পরিবার\"। হিন্দু মন্দিরে এই \"রাম পরিবার\" মূর্তির পূজাই বেশি হতে দেখা যায়।[2][3]", "মুঘল সম্রাট\nপ্রথম মুঘল সম্রাট বাবর তার পিতার দিক থেকে সরাসরি তৈমুর লং এর বংশধর ছিলেন। এবং মাতার দিক থেকে তিনি চেঙ্গিস খানের বংশধর ছিলেন। [7] বাবর মাত্র ১৪ বছর বয়সে তার পিতার রাজ্য থেকে সেহবাণী খান কর্তৃক বিতাড়িত হবার পর ভারতে আগমন করেন। ১৫২৬ সালে প্রথম পানিপথের যুদ্ধে জয় লাভ করার পর বাবর ভারতে তার রাজ্য প্রতিষ্ঠা করে।[7] বাবরের পুত্র হুমায়ূনের সময় সাম্রাজ্যের অবস্থা বেশ নাজুক হয়ে পড়ে। বিদ্রোহীরা তাকে ভারতবর্ষ থেকে বিতাড়িত করে। তিনি পারস্যে পলায়ন করেন।[7] ইরানের হুমায়ুনের নির্বাসিত সময় পশ্চিম এশীয় সংস্কৃতির সাথে মুঘল দরবারে একটি যোগসূত্র স্থাপিত হয়। ১৫৫৫ সালে হুমায়ুন যুদ্ধ জয়ের মাধ্যমে ভারতে তার সাম্রাজ্যঃ পুনরুদ্ধার করেন। কিন্তু এর কিছুদিন পরই তিনি একটি মারাত্মক দুর্ঘটনায় মারা যান।[7] সম্রাট হুমায়ুনের শিশুপুত্র আকবর, বৈরাম খান নামে একজন উজিরের তত্বাবধানের সিংহাসনে আরোহন করেন। সম্রাট বাবর এর আমলে ভারতে মুঘল সাম্রাজ্য সু সংঘটিত হয়।[7] তিনি ভারতের একটি অনুগত সামরিক অভিজাত শ্রেণী তৈরী করতে পেরেছিলেন এবং একটি আধুনিক সরকার ব্যবস্থা প্রণয়ন করেছিলেন। বাবর এর আমলে ভারতে সাংস্কৃতিক বিকাশক ত্বরান্বিত হয়েছিল।[7] একইসাথে আকবর ইউরোপীয় ব্যবসা প্রতিষ্ঠানগুলোর সাথে ব্যবসা বৃদ্ধি করেছিলেন। আব্রাহাম ইরানি নামে একজন ভারতীয় ঐতিহাসিক উল্লেখ করেন সেসময় বিদেশিরা মুঘল সাম্রাজ্যের জাঁকজমকপূর্ণ ঐশ্বর্য দেখে মুগ্ধ হত। সে সময় জাতীয় সম্পদের এক চতুর্থাংশের মালিক ছিল মাত্র ৬৫৫ টি পরিবার। যখন ভারতের ১২০ মিলিয়ন জনসংখ্যা একটি বড় অংশ দারিদ্র্যে নিমজ্জিত ছিল।[8] ১৫৭৮ সালে আকবর বাঘ শিকার করতে গিয়ে কিছুটা অসুস্থ হয়ে পড়েন। ধারণা করা হয় তিনি মৃগী রোগে আক্রান্ত ছিলেন। সেই সময় ইসলাম ধর্মে তার মোহমুক্তি ঘটে। তিনি হিন্দু এবং ইসলাম ধর্মের মিশ্র একটি ধর্মের প্রতি আকৃষ্ট হয়ে পড়েন।[9] আকবর ধর্মীয় স্বাধীনতার বিষয়টি নিশ্চিত করেন এবং দ্বীন-ই-ইলাহী নাম একটি নতুন ধর্ম প্রতিষ্ঠা করেন।[7]", "মনমোহন ঘোষ\nমনমোহন ঘোষের বাবা রামলোচন ঘোষ ছিলেন মুন্সিগঞ্জ জেলার বিক্রমপুরের বাসিন্দা। তিনি একজন খ্যাতনামা উপবিচারপতি এবং দেশপ্রেমিক ছিলেন; রাজা রামমোহন রায়ের সংস্পর্শে এসে রামলোচন উদার চিন্তাধারার শরিক হন। তার ভ্রাতা লালমোহন ঘোষও ছিলেন নামকরা ব্যারিস্টার ও ভারতীয় জাতীয় কংগ্রেসের প্রাক্তন সভাপতি।", "গুপ্তিপাড়া\nগুপ্তিপাড়ায় রাজা রামমোহন রায়ের সঙ্গীত শিক্ষাগুরু ‘কালী মির্জা’র জন্ম। এছাড়া বিখ্যাত কবিয়াল ভোলা ময়রা, বিজ্ঞানী ইন্দুমাধব মল্লিক ও নবাব সিরাজউদ্দৌলার সেনাপতি মোহন লালের জন্মস্থান হিসেবেও স্বীকৃত। বাংলার মিষ্টান্ন গুঁপো সন্দেশ উদ্ভব হয় গুপ্তিপাড়াতে।", "রাজা কংসনারায়ণের মন্দির\nতাহিরপুর রাজবংশ বাংলাদেশের প্রাচীন রাজবংশগুলোর মধ্যে অন্যতম। বর্তমানে জায়গাটি রাজশাহী জেলার বাগমারা উপজেলার একটি পৌরসভা। তবে কালক্রমে ‘তাহিরপুর’ নামটি তাহেরপুর বলে উচ্চারিত হচ্ছে। এই রাজবংশের আদিপুরুষ ছিলেন মৌনভট্ট। আর বংশের অন্যতম শ্রেষ্ঠ সামন্ত রাজা ছিলেন ইতিহাসখ্যাত কংস নারায়ণ রায়। তিনি সুলতানি আমলে চট্টগ্রামে মগ দমনে বীরের ভূমিকা পালন করেন। পাঠান আমলে কিছুদিন ফৌজদারের দায়িত্বও পালন করেন। মোগল আমলে এসে কিছুকাল বাংলা-বিহারের অস্থায়ী দেওয়ান হিসেবেও দায়িত্ব পালন করেন। এই সময়ে তিনি ‘রাজা’ উপাধি পান।", "রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংস\nপশ্চিমবঙ্গের হুগলি জেলার আরামবাগ মহকুমায় অবস্থিত কামারপুকুর গ্রামে ১৮৩৬ সালে এক দরিদ্র ধর্মনিষ্ঠ রক্ষণশীল ব্রাহ্মণ পরিবারে রামকৃষ্ণ পরমহংসের জন্ম হয়। তিনি পিতা ক্ষুদিরাম চট্টোপাধ্যায় এবং মা চন্দ্রমণি দেবীর চতুর্থ ও শেষ সন্তান। কথিত আছে, শ্রীরামকৃষ্ণের জন্মের পূর্বে তাঁর পিতামাতার সম্মুখে বেশ কয়েকটি অলৌকিক ঘটনা ঘটেছিল। সন্তানসম্ভবা চন্দ্রমণি দেবী দেখেছিলেন শিবলিঙ্গ থেকে নির্গত একটি জ্যোতি তাঁর গর্ভে প্রবেশ করছে। তাঁর জন্মের অব্যবহিত পূর্বে গয়ায় তীর্থভ্রমণে গিয়ে ক্ষুদিরাম গদাধর বিষ্ণুকে স্বপ্নে দর্শন করেন। সেই কারণে তিনি নবজাতকের নাম রাখেন গদাধর।[14]", "অকিঞ্চন\nঅকিঞ্চন (১৭৫০ – ১৮৩৬) ছিলেন একজন শ্যামাসঙ্গীত ও বৈষ্ণব পদকর্তা। তাঁর প্রকৃত নাম রঘুনাথ রায়। অধুনা ভারতের পশ্চিমবঙ্গ রাজ্যের বর্ধমান জেলার অন্তর্গত চুপি গ্রামে অকিঞ্চন জন্মগ্রহণ করেছিলেন। তাঁর পিতা ব্রজকিশোর রায় ছিলেন বর্ধমান রাজের দেওয়ান।", "হেমচন্দ্র চৌধুরী\nহেমচন্দ্রের পিতার নাম কালীচন্দ্র রায় এবং পিতামহের নাম পদ্মলোচন রায়। তার তিন বোন ছিল। এরা হলেন স্বর্ণময়ী দেবী স্বামী নীলকান্ত গাঙ্গুলী, ক্ষিরোদা সুন্দরী দেবী স্বামী গোবিন্দ চন্দ্র গাঙ্গুলী এবং বারোদা সুন্দরী দেবী স্বামী রজনীকান্ত গাঙ্গুলী। হেম চন্দ্রের চার পুত্র ও চার কণ্যা ছিল। পুত্রগণ হলেন হেরম্ভ চৌধুরী, গঙ্গেশ চৌধুরী, প্রফুল্ল চৌধুরী ও যোগেশ চৌধুরী। কণ্যাগণ হলেন সুরেন্দ্র বালা দেবী স্বামী সতীশ মুখার্জী, কিরণ বালা দেবী স্বামী বাদল মুখার্জী, সুমতি বালা দেবী স্বামী ‍মুরলিধর গাঙ্গুলী ও সুনীতি বালা দেবী স্বামী অজ্ঞাত (নাম জানা যায় নি)। হেমচন্দ্র চৌধুরীর বাবা কালী চন্দ্র রায়ের স্ত্রী ছিলেন দুইজন। হেম চন্দ্রের মাতা হরগঙ্গা দেবী ও সৎ মাতা ‍ছিলেন শশীমুখী দেবী।", "জনক (রামায়ণের চরিত্র)\nজনক হল মিথিলার রাজাদের কৌলিক উপাধি । মিথিলার রাজা জনকের প্রকৃত নাম সীরধ্বজ । এঁর ভ্রাতার নাম কুশধ্বজ । এঁরা রাজা হ্রস্বরোমার পুত্র । \nজনক একদিন যজ্ঞভূমি কর্ষণ কালে লাঙলের রেখায় এক সুন্দরী শিশু কন্যা পান । লাঙলের রেখার অন্য নাম সীতা তাই তিনি সেই কন্যার নাম সীতা রাখেন । সীতা বিবাহযোগ্যা হলে জনক স্থির করেন তাঁর কন্যা বীর্যশুল্কা হবে । সাংকাস্যার রাজা সুধন্বা সীতাকে প্রার্থনা করেন কিন্তু জনক কর্তৃক প্রত্যাখ্যাত হয়ে মিথিলা অবরোধ করেন । জনক তাঁকে যুদ্ধে পরাস্ত করে আপন ভ্রাতা কুশধ্বজকে সেই রাজ্য দেন । জনকের পণ ছিল যে ব্যক্তি হরধনুতে জ্যা রোপণ করে তা ভঙ্গ করতে পারবে তাকেই কন্যাদান করবেন । রাম এই শর্ত পূরণ করে সীতাকে পত্নী হিসেবে লাভ করেন । জনকের অপর কন্যা ঊর্মিলার সাথে লক্ষ্মণের ও কুশধ্বজের দুই কন্যা মাণ্ডবী ও শ্রুতকীর্তির সাথে যথাক্রমে ভরত ও শত্রুঘ্নের বিবাহ হয় ।", "নির্মলা রায়\nনির্মলা রায় ১৯১৭ সালে ফরিদপুর জেলার উলপুর গ্রামে এক জমিদার পরিবারে জন্মগ্রহণ করেন। তার পিতার নাম মনোরঞ্জন রায়। তার দিদি ছিলেন সুষমা রায়। পিতার আদর্শে প্রভাবিত হয়ে রাজনীতিতে যোগ দেন। ১৯৪৫ সালে ভবেশচন্দ্র সান্যাল সাথে বিবাহ হয়।।", "বেনিতা রায়\nরাজমাতা বেনিতা রায় কলকাতায় জন্মগ্রহণকারী বাংলাদেশী অভিজাত সম্প্রদায়ভূক্ত প্রমিলা সাহিত্যরসিক, কূটনীতিবিদ ও মন্ত্রী ছিলেন। পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম এলাকার চাকমা সার্কেলের ঊনপঞ্চাশতম রাণী ছিলেন বেনিতা রায়। ত্রিদেব রায় ও দেবাশীষ রায়ের রাজত্বকালে রাজমাতার দায়িত্বে ছিলেন তিনি। ১৯৭২ সালে জাতিসংঘ সাধারণ পরিষদে বাংলাদেশের প্রথম প্রতিনিধি দলের অন্যতম সদস্য ছিলেন। ১৯৭৫ থেকে ১৯৭৮ সময়কালে বাংলাদেশ সরকারের মন্ত্রী ছিলেন তিনি।", "রামমোহন রায়\nবিষয়শ্রেণী:১৭৭২-এ জন্ম বিষয়শ্রেণী:১৮৩৩-এ মৃত্যু বিষয়শ্রেণী:বাঙালি দার্শনিক বিষয়শ্রেণী:বাংলার নবজাগরণ বিষয়শ্রেণী:কলকাতার ব্যক্তি বিষয়শ্রেণী:ব্রাহ্ম", "গৌরগোবিন্দ রায়\nগৌরগোবিন্দ রায় বর্তমান বাংলাদেশের পাবনার ঘোড়াচরার নিবাসী ছিলেন । তাঁর পিতার নাম গৌরমোহন । তাঁর খুল্লতাত তাঁকে পোষ্যপুত্র নিয়েছিলেন । তিনি রংপুর হাইস্কুলে এন্ট্রান্স পর্যন্ত পড়েন । তারপর সংস্কৃত এবং ফারসী এবং এক মুসলমান সাধুর কাছে \"দরশ\" শিক্ষা করেন ।", "দীনেন্দ্রকুমার রায়\nদীনেন্দ্রকুমার রায় অবিভক্ত নদীয়ার মেহেরপুরের বাসিন্দা ছিলেন। তাঁর পিতার নাম ব্রজনাথ রায়। ১৮৮৮ খ্রিস্টাব্দে মহিষাদল হাই স্কুল থেকে প্রবেশিকা পাস করে কৃষ্ণনগর সরকারি কলেজে ভর্তি হন। ১৮৯৩ খ্রিস্টাব্দে রাজশাহী জেলা জজের কর্মচারী নিযুক্ত হন তিনি।", "বিমল রায়\nবিমল রায় প্রায় আধা ডজন তথ্যচিত্র বানাতে চেয়েছিলেন পলাশির যুদ্ধ, শরৎচন্দ্র ও রবীন্দ্রনাথের জীবনী, নেহরুর ‘ডিসকভারি অফ ইন্ডিয়া’ ও রামায়ণ-কে নিয়ে রাশিয়ার সঙ্গে জয়েন্টভেঞ্চার কালকূটের ‘অমৃতকুম্ভের সন্ধানে’ ও তারাশংকরের ‘মহাশ্বেতা’ কাহিনী নিয়েও ছবি বানানোর ইচ্ছা ছিল। পারেননি তা করতে তবু যা পেরেছেন এর মধ্যে ‘অঞ্জনগড়’, ‘দো বিঘা জমিন’, ‘দেবদাস’, ‘সুজাতা’, ‘বন্দিনী’, ‘কাবুলিওয়ালা’ এখনো বলিউডের ক্ল্যাসিক পর্যায়ে পড়ে কিছুদিন আগে বিমল রায়ের ছেলে জয় একটি স্বল্পদৈর্ঘ্যরে ছবি Images of Kumbh Mela নির্মাণ করেন। এতে তার বাবার ১৯৬০ সালে তোলা অনেক ফুটেজ ব্যবহার করেছেন তিনি। হারিয়ে যাওয়া ওই ছবিগুলো দেখলে বোঝা যায় কতোটা কুশলী শিল্পী ছিলেন বিমল রায়।", "লক্ষীনারায়ণের পুকুর\nসীতারাম রায় ছিলেন সপ্তদশ-অষ্টাদশ শতকের স্বাধীন রাজা। মাগুরার মোহাম্মদপুরে ছিল তার রাজধানী। যা ছিল পরিখা ঘেরা। সেই পরিখা স্থানীয়দের কাছে \"গড়\" নামে পরিচিত। সীতারাম রায়ের পিতা ছিলেন মুঘল আমলে মুর্শিদাবাদের নবাবের একজন পদস্থ কর্মচারী। সীতারাম মুর্শিদাবাদের নবাবের কাছ থেকে \"জমিদার\" ও পরে \"রাজা\" উপাধি লাভ করেন। সময়ের সাথে প্রতিপত্তি লাভের সাথে সাথে প্রবল ক্ষমতাধর হয়ে উঠলে নবাবকে রাজস্ব দেওয়া বন্ধ করে দেন।", "রজনীকান্ত সেন\nপিতা \"গুরুপ্রসাদ সেন\" ও মাতা \"মনোমোহিনী দেবীর\" ৩য় সন্তান ছিলেন রজনীকান্ত। গুরুপ্রসাদ চারশো বৈষ্ণব ব্রজবুলী কবিতাসঙ্কলনকে একত্রিত করে 'পদচিন্তামণিমালা' নামক কীর্তন গ্রন্থ প্রকাশ করেন। এছাড়াও 'অভয়াবিহার' গীতি-কাব্যের রচয়িতা ছিলেন তিনি। মনোমোহিনী দেবী সু-গৃহিণী ছিলেন। রজনীকান্তের জন্মের সময় তিনি কটোয়ায় কর্মরত ছিলেন। তাঁর শৈশবকালীন সময়ে তিনি অনেক জায়গায় চাকুরী করেন। ১৮৭৫ সালে বরিশালের সাব-জজ পদ থেকে স্বেচ্ছায় অবসর গ্রহণ করেন। ফলে তাঁদের পুরো পরিবার জ্যেঠার বড় ছেলে - \"বরদা গোবিন্দ\" এবং \"কালী কুমারের\" উপর নির্ভরশীল হয়ে পড়েন। দূর্ভাগ্যবশতঃ ১৮৭৮ সালে তারা উভয়েই আকস্মিকভাবে মৃত্যুবরণ করেন। রজনী'র ছোট ভাই \"জানকীকান্ত\" জলাতঙ্কে আক্রান্ত হয়েও মারা যায়। ফলে, আকস্মিকভাবেই আর্থিকভাবে স্বচ্ছল পরিবারটি চরম আর্থিক সঙ্কটে নিপতিত হয়। বড় ভাই \"গোবিন্দনাথও\" একজন সফল আইনজীবী ছিলেন।", "বিজয়া রায়\nবিজয়া রায়-এর পিতার নাম চারুচন্দ্র দাস, একজন ব্যারিস্টার এবং তাঁর মাতার নাম মাধুরী দেবী, জাতীয়তাবাদী নেতা দেশবন্ধু চিত্তরঞ্জন দাশ স্ত্রী বাসন্তী দেবীর ছোট বোন।", "দেওয়ান একলিমুর রাজা চৌধুরী\nদেওয়ান একলিমুর রাজা চৌধুরী ১৮৮৯খ্রি ৫ নভেম্বর সিলেট জেলার বিশ্বনাথ থানার ঐতিহ্যবাহী রামপাশা গ্রামে জন্মগ্রহন করেন। পিতা জগত বিখ্যাত মরমি কবি দেওয়ান হাছন রাজা চৌধুরী। মাতার নাম মোছাম্মাৎ ছজিদা বেগম বা সাজেদা ।দেওয়ান হাছন রাজা ছিলেন জমিদারী নিয়ে ব্যস্ত ।তাঁর বিশাল জমিদারী,পাইক-পেয়াদা ইত্যাদি সামলাতে গিয়ে পুত্র একলিমুর রাজার প্রতি আলাদাভাবে নজর দেওয়ার সময় তাঁর খুব একটা ছিল না সে জন্য একলিমুর রাজার বাল্যশিক্ষা দেরীতে শুরু হয়েছিল তার আবার নানান কারন ও ছিল কারন হলো অভিজাত শিক্ষক ছাড়া ছেলেকে পড়াবেন না ।পরে মনটু বাবু নামক ব্রাহ্মণ শিক্ষকের অধীনে একলিমুর রাজার হাতে খড়ি হয় ।প্রথম দিন শিক্ষক কে ১০১ টাকা নজরানা দেওয়া হয় ।এই শিক্ষকের নিকট একলিমুর রাজা পড়েন প্রায় বছর খানেক তখন তাঁর বয়স ৮-৯ হবে এর পর তাকে সুনামগঞ্জ জুবলী হাই স্কুলে ভর্তি করা হয় ।সেখানে \nকিছুদিন অতিবাহিত করার পর অধিকতর উন্নত পরিবেশে শিক্ষা অর্জনের জন্য তাঁকে ভর্তি করা হয় সিলেট সরকারী হাই স্কুলে ।সেখানে কিছুদিন অধ্যায়নের পর তাকে ঢাকার একটি স্কুলে ভর্তি করানো হয় অতঃপর কলিকাতার একটি বিদ্যালয়ে অধ্যয়নকালে তাঁর শিক্ষা জীবনের ইতি ঘঠে এবং সংসার ও জমিদারী এবং ধর্ম পালনের জন্য বাড়ী ফিরে আসেন।", "ঊর্মিলা\nঊর্মিলা হিন্দু মহাকাব্য \"রামায়ণের\" একটি চরিত্র। ঊর্মিলা ছিলো মিথিলার জনকপুরের রাজা জনক ও এবং তার স্ত্রী সুনয়নার একমাত্র কন্যা, এবং সীতার কনিষ্ঠ বোন। তিনি রামের কনিষ্ঠ ভাই লক্ষ্মণের স্ত্রী ছিলেন। তাদের দুই পুত্র ছিল- অঙ্গদা ও চন্দ্রকেতু। লক্ষ্মণ যখন রাম ও সীতার সঙ্গে নির্বাসনে যায়, ঊর্মিলা লক্ষ্মণের সঙ্গে যেতে প্রস্তুত ছিল, কিন্তু লক্ষ্মণ দ্বিধান্বিত মনে তাকে তার পিতা-মাতার যত্ন নেওয়ার জন্য অযোধ্যায় ফিরে যেতে বলে। ঊর্মিলা তার উর্মিলা নিদ্রা নামে অনন্য ত্যাগের জন্য উল্লেখযোগ্য।", "ত্রিদিব রায়\nত্রিদিব রায়ের স্ত্রী ছিলেন রাণী আরতি রায়। এই দম্পতির তিন পুত্র ও দুই কন্যা ছিল।[7] তার পুত্র দেবাশীষ রায় বর্তমান চাকমা রাজা।", "হামতরফা\nরাজমালা অনুসারে, নবরায়ের পর তাঁর পুত্র যুঝা ত্রিপুরার সিংহাসনলাভ করেন। তিনি ত্রিপুর সৈন্যকে উচ্চ সামরিক শিক্ষায় প্রশিক্ষিত করে মঘ অধিকৃত রাঙ্গামাটি অঞ্চল আক্রমণ করেন। এই আক্রমণ প্রতিরোধ করতে মঘরাজ তুষ নির্মিত দুর্গ নির্মাণ করেন, কিতু তা ত্রিপুর সেনাবাহিনীর নিকট পরাজয় রোধ করতে সক্ষম হয়নি। রাঙ্গামাটি অঞ্চল জয় করে যুঝা বর্তমান উদয়পুর অঞ্চলে রাজধানী স্থাপন করেন। এই সময় থেকে ত্রিপুরার রাজারা মঘ প্রজাদের প্রীত করবার উদ্দেশ্যে নিজেদের নামের সাথে মঘ শব্দ ‘ফা’ বা পিতা উপাধি ধারণ করেন। যুঝা হামতরফা নামে পরিচিত হন।", "কেশবচন্দ্র সেন\nকলকাতার এক সম্ভ্রান্ত বৈষ্ণব বংশে কেশবচন্দ্র সেনের জন্ম। তাঁর পিতামহ দেওয়ান রামকমল সেন ছিলেন রয়্যাল এশিয়াটিক সোসাইটি অব বেঙ্গলের প্রথম ভারতীয় সেক্রেটারি। রামকমলের দ্বিতীয় পুত্র প্যারীমোহন সেন ছিলেন কেশবচন্দ্রের পিতা। প্যারীমোহনের জন্ম হয় ১৮১৪ খ্রিস্টাব্দে । সুপুরুষ ও গুণবান প্যারীমোহন ছিলেন মধুর স্বভাব, সূক্ষ্ম রুচি ও শিল্পীভাবাপন্ন। ১৮৪৮ খ্রিস্টাব্দে মাত্র চৌত্রিশ বছর বয়সেই তাঁর মৃত্যু হয়। কেশবচন্দ্রের মা ছিলেন সরলা সুন্দরী দেবী। তিনিও পরম রূপবতী ও মহীয়সী নারী ছিলেন। বালক কেশবচন্দ্রের চরিত্রগঠনে তাঁর প্রভাব ছিল সর্বাধিক। \n১৮৪৮ খ্রিস্টাব্দে মাত্র চৌত্রিশ বছর বয়সেই তাঁর মৃত্যু হয়।\nকেশবচন্দ্রের রাজনৈতিক মতাদর্শের মধ্যে ইংরেজ বিদ্বেষের ভাব লক্ষিত না হলেও, ব্যক্তিস্বাধীনতা ও সামাজিক ন্যায়ের পক্ষে তাঁর দৃপ্ত ভাষণগুলি স্বাধীনতা আন্দোলনের অব্যবহিত পূর্বযুগে ভারতের জাতীয় চেতনার উন্মেষ ঘটাতে বিশেষভাবে সাহায্য করে। তর্কযুদ্ধে ইউরোপীয় মিশনারিদের পরাস্ত করে ভারতের ধর্ম, সভ্যতা ও সংস্কৃতি বিষয়ে তাঁদের ছড়ানো কুৎসার সমুচিৎ জবাব দেন। শ্রীরামকৃষ্ণের বিশেষ স্নেহধন্য কেশবচন্দ্র ভারতবর্ষ ও ইংল্যান্ডের নানা স্থানে ধর্মপ্রচার করেন এবং তাঁর বাগ্মীতায় সেকালের প্রগতিপন্থী শিক্ষিত ভারতবাসীর মনে অভূতপূর্ব আলোড়ন সৃষ্টি হয়।\nব্রহ্মানন্দ কেশবচন্দ্র হিন্দুসমাজের বর্ণপ্রথা বিলোপ, বিধবা বিবাহের প্রবর্তন ও স্ত্রীশিক্ষার উন্নতিসাধন প্রভৃতি প্রগতিশীল চিন্তাভাবনার সমর্থক ছিলেন। তিনি হিন্দুসমাজের থেকে ব্রাহ্মসমাজের স্বাতন্ত্রবিধানেও বিশেষ যত্নবান ছিলেন। মহর্ষি দেবেন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের সঙ্গে তাঁর বৈপ্লবিক চিন্তাভাবনারগুলির বিরোধ বাধলে তিনি ও তাঁর অনুগামীরা ভারতবর্ষীয় ব্রাহ্মসমাজ প্রতিষ্ঠা করেন। পরে তাঁর কন্যা সুনীতি দেবীর বিবাহকালে ব্রাহ্মপ্রথা লঙ্ঘিত হলে, কয়েকজন অনুগামী ভারতবর্ষীয় ব্রাহ্মসমাজ ত্যাগ করে সাধারণ ব্রাহ্মসমাজ প্রতিষ্ঠা করেন। এরপর কেশবচন্দ্র বিভিন্ন ধর্মমতের সমন্বয়ে নববিধান ব্রাহ্মসমাজের সূচনা করেন ও অবশিষ্ট জীবন ধর্মাচরণেই অতিবাহিত করেন।", "দেবপাল\nদেবপাল ছিলেন পাল রাজবংশের তৃতীয় রাজা। তাঁর পিতা তথা পূর্বসূরি ছিলেন ধর্মপাল। তাঁর মা ছিলেন রাষ্ট্রকূট রাজকুমারী রণ্ণাদেবী। প্রথম যুগের ইতিহাসবিদগণ দেবপালকে ধর্মপালের ভ্রাতুষ্পুত্র মনে করতেন। কারণ নারায়ণপালের ভাগলপুর তাম্রলিপিতে দেবপালকে জয়পালের ‘পূর্বজভ্রাতা’ (যে শব্দটিকে ‘জ্যেষ্ঠ ভ্রাতা’ হিসেবে ব্যাখ্যা করা হয়েছিল) বলা হয়েছে। একাধিক পাল উৎকীর্ণ লিপিতে জয়পালকে ধর্মপালের ভ্রাতা বাকপালের পুত্র হিসেবে উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে। যদিও মুঙ্গের (মোঙ্ঘির) তাম্রলিপি আবিষ্কৃত হওয়ার পর এই মত পরিবর্তিত হয়। এই তাম্রলিপিতে স্পষ্টভাবে দেবপালকে ধর্মপালের পুত্র বলে উল্লেখ করা হয়েছে।" ]

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[ "One person is kicking a block of wood." ]

[ "Two people are holding a block of wood.", "A cop is taking a nap with a half eaten hamburger on his chest.", "The realignment presents a great opportunity for us to focus on how to make our processes work better.", "Something had lulled him to sleep.", "Slim found the new experience relaxing.", "He decided he would never speak on this topic again.", "Four people are walking into the water." ]

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[ "History of University College London tribute. Bentham's body is on public display at UCL in a wooden cabinet, at the end of the South Cloisters of the UCL Main Building; he had directed in his will that he wanted his body to be preserved as a lasting memorial to the university. This 'Auto-Icon' has become famous. Unfortunately, when it came to his head, the preservation process went disastrously wrong and left it badly disfigured. A wax head was made to replace it; the actual head is now kept in the college vaults. In 1827, a year after the founding of UCL, construction of the Main", "University College London University College London UCL (legally University College London) is a public research university in London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London. It is the largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrolment, and the largest by postgraduate enrolment. Established in 1826 as London University by founders inspired by the radical ideas of Jeremy Bentham, UCL was the first university institution to be established in London, and the first in England to be entirely secular and to admit students regardless of their religion. UCL also makes the contested claims of being the third-oldest university in", "King's College London Students' Union on display in a glass case in the \"Lion's Walk\", Macadam Building (Strand campus) in 2002, after being filled with concrete to prevent theft, particularly by University College London (UCL) students who, prior to his burial and dumping, had also castrated him. (King's students had also stolen one UCL mascot, Phineas and, in an apocryphal legend, allegedly played football with the head of another, Jeremy Bentham). Reggie is often styled \"His Royal Highness\", but there is no recent policy on the matter, and this convention has fallen into disuse as mascotry in London has declined. KCLSU Student Media won Student", "University College London UCL as alumni, faculty or researchers. UCL was founded on 11 February 1826 under the name London University, as an alternative to the Anglican universities of Oxford and Cambridge. London University's first Warden was Leonard Horner, who was the first scientist to head a British university. Despite the commonly held belief that the philosopher Jeremy Bentham was the founder of UCL, his direct involvement was limited to the purchase of share No. 633, at a cost of £100 paid in nine instalments between December 1826 and January 1830. In 1828 he did nominate a friend to sit on the council," ]

[ "Filming at University College London Society and the UCLU Drama Society, often film in and around UCL. Filming at University College London Filming at University College London is a frequent occurrence. The university is used as a location for film and television recording because of its position within London and the historical nature of the UCL Main Building and quad. A list of films and TV appearances includes: The Bloomsbury Theatre has been used as the venue for DVD recordings of famous stand-up comedians' tours. Additionally, musicians The Zombies recorded \"The Zombies Live At The Bloomsbury Theatre, London\" for CD and DVD in the Bloomsbury", "Filming at University College London Filming at University College London Filming at University College London is a frequent occurrence. The university is used as a location for film and television recording because of its position within London and the historical nature of the UCL Main Building and quad. A list of films and TV appearances includes: The Bloomsbury Theatre has been used as the venue for DVD recordings of famous stand-up comedians' tours. Additionally, musicians The Zombies recorded \"The Zombies Live At The Bloomsbury Theatre, London\" for CD and DVD in the Bloomsbury Theatre in 2006. UCL Union's societies, including the UCLU Film & TV", "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London member of Transport for London (TfL). The current Head of the Civil & Environmental Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, (MIT), Andrew J. Whittle is also a graduate of the Department. The strong bonds of the Department with the outside academic and professional world can be seen through the various close collaborations with professional bodies and association. Examples are the prestigious British Geotechnical Association's Rankine Lecture which is hosted every March at Imperial College, the organisation of the Centre for Transport Studies (a collaboration between Imperial College and University College London), several seminars organised by the Institution of Structural Engineers", "Halls of residence at University College London Halls of residence at University College London This is a list of the halls of residence at University College London in London, England. Ramsay Hall is a building located in London used primarily as a hall of residence for students of University College London. The building was designed by Maxwell Fry. It opened for Autumn term, 1964. It is situated on Maple Street in central London, on the border of Fitzrovia and Bloomsbury and around one hundred metres from Tottenham Court Road. The building is located within the Bloomsbury Conservation Area. It occupies the same block as, and forms a", "Halls of residence at University College London Halls of residence at University College London This is a list of the halls of residence at University College London in London, England. Ramsay Hall is a building located in London used primarily as a hall of residence for students of University College London. The building was designed by Maxwell Fry. It opened for Autumn term, 1964. It is situated on Maple Street in central London, on the border of Fitzrovia and Bloomsbury and around one hundred metres from Tottenham Court Road. The building is located within the Bloomsbury Conservation Area. It occupies the same block as, and forms a", "University College London name \"University College, London\". On the same day, the University of London was created by royal charter as a degree-awarding examining board for students from affiliated schools and colleges, with University College and King's College, London being named in the charter as the first two affiliates. The Slade School of Fine Art was founded as part of University College in 1871, following a bequest from Felix Slade. In 1878, the University of London gained a supplemental charter making it the first British university to be allowed to award degrees to women. The same year, UCL admitted women to the faculties", "University College London was passed that ended segregation by sex at UCL. This was achieved by Brian Woledge (Fielden Professor of French at UCL from 1939 to 1971) and David Colquhoun, at that time a young lecturer in pharmacology. In 1976, a new charter restored UCL's legal independence, although still without the power to award its own degrees. Under this charter the college became formally known as University College London, having previously formally been \"University of London, University College\" since its incorporation into the University. This name abandoned the comma used in its earlier name of \"University College, London\". In 1986, UCL merged", "Professor of Latin (University College London) Professor of Latin (University College London) The Professorship in Latin at University College London (UCL) is one of the original professorships at UCL. Along with the Professorship in Greek, the chair dates back to the foundations of the university in the 1820s. The first holder was the Rev. John Williams, \"but he resigned in June, 1828, in deference to the opposition of his ecclesiastical superiors to the secular character of the university\". Williams was succeeded by T. Hewitt Key, who was a founder of University College School and served as Head Master as well as Professor. The chair, which is", "University College London to UK House of Commons). All five of the naturally occurring noble gases were discovered at UCL by Professor of Chemistry Sir William Ramsay, after whom Ramsay Hall is named. Hormones were first discovered at UCL by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling, the former also an alumnus of UCL. Notable UCL alumni include: University College London UCL (legally University College London) is a public research university in London, England, and a constituent college of the federal University of London. It is the largest university in the United Kingdom by total enrolment, and the largest by postgraduate enrolment. Established in 1826", "University College (University of Western Ontario) the base of the tower, along with a large plaque explaining the memorial. Known as Conron Hall, (formerly known as Convocation Hall) the main auditorium showcases the architectural design of the collegiate gothic style. The hall is a large space, with 650 seats. Seats span the main floorspace as well as a balcony. The stained glass windows are seen all throughout the hall, as well as the oak panelling and oak beam construction. Graduation ceremonies were held in this auditorium until 1932. University College (University of Western Ontario) University College, historically known as the Arts Building, is an academic building", "Heythrop College, University of London many of its more precious volumes outside in the College repository in Egham. It has a large and important collection of pre-1801 books, such as Edward Baddeley's collections and a first edition of Isaac Newton's Opticks. The College library is owned by the Society of Jesus in Britain. Students at Heythrop College are also able to access the Senate House Library, and the libraries of the other colleges of the University of London due to the college's membership and specialist status. Through the University of London, Heythrop is also able to offer access to a wide range of digital journals", "History of University College London June 1869. The act revoked the Royal Charter of 1836 and reincorporated the College (still under the name of \"University College, London\"); the members of the College being defined as the former proprietors, who became \"governors\" unless they had previously been fellows in which case they remained \"fellows\", and the registered donors, who became \"life governors\". The new charter awarded to the University of London in 1858 broke the exclusive connection between the University and the affiliated schools and colleges. The change was strongly objected to by UCL, with the proprietors passing motions saying \"That this meeting … understanding that", "University of London Boat Club won the Wyfold Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta. In 2015 Tyrain Club won events at Henley Masters Regattas and at the Head Of The Charles Regatta, in the USA. As with other collegiate universities, the University of London's colleges have their own boat clubs. Members of these college boat clubs who feel strong enough can trial for a place in the squad of The University Of London Boat Club. London School of Economics Boat Club<br> Queen Mary, University of London Boat Club<br> Royal Free and University College Medical School Boat Club<br> Royal Holloway College Boat Club St George's Hospital", "University College London (Transfer) Act 1905 and lost its legal independence. 1900 also saw the decision to appoint a salaried head of the college. The first incumbent was Carey Foster, who served as Principal (as the post was originally titled) from 1900 to 1904. He was succeeded by Gregory Foster (no relation), and in 1906 the title was changed to Provost to avoid confusion with the Principal of the University of London. Gregory Foster remained in post until 1929. In 1906, the Cruciform Building was opened as the new home for University College Hospital. UCL sustained considerable bomb damage during the Second World", "University College London working on the theory and simulation of materials; the other members are Imperial College London, King's College London and Queen Mary University of London. UCL is one of the five founding members of the Alan Turing Institute, the UK's national institute for data sciences (together with the universities of Cambridge, Edinburgh, Oxford and Warwick). It also operates the London Centre for Nanotechnology, a multidisciplinary research centre in physical and biomedical nanotechnology, in partnership with Imperial College London. UCL has a close partnership with University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; the Trust's hospitals are teaching sites for the UCL Medical", "University College London during the First World War in 1917, although limitations were placed on their numbers after the war ended. In 1898, Sir William Ramsay discovered the elements krypton, neon and xenon whilst professor of chemistry at UCL. In 1900, the University of London was reconstituted as a federal university with new statutes drawn up under the University of London Act 1898. UCL, along with a number of other colleges in London, became a school of the University of London. While most of the constituent institutions retained their autonomy, UCL was merged into the University in 1907 under the University College London", "University College London one of the first departments of economics in England. In 1828 the university became the first in England to offer English as a subject and the teaching of Classics and medicine began. In 1830, London University founded the London University School, which would later become University College School. In 1833, the university appointed Alexander Maconochie, Secretary to the Royal Geographical Society, as the first professor of geography in the UK. In 1834, University College Hospital (originally North London Hospital) opened as a teaching hospital for the university's medical school. In 1836, London University was incorporated by royal charter under the", "Department of Pharmacology at University College London, 1905 – 2007 Department of Pharmacology at University College London, 1905 – 2007 The Department of Pharmacology at the University of London, the first of its kind in England, was founded in 1905 and was to remain in existence until 2007. University College London (UCL) was founded in 1826. It was born in the ferment of radical London in the 1820s and 1830s and was heavily influenced by the Scottish, and hence French, Enlightenments. UCL was part of the radical opposition to the hegemony of Oxford and Cambridge. In medicine, UCL was a force in combatting the conservative and religious monopoly of the", "Trams in London No general improvement in traffic flow was seen after the trams were withdrawn. During the closure cycle of London's tram system, almost 100 of the most modern trams known as the \"Feltham\" class and dating from 1931 were withdrawn and sold to Leeds where they continued in service until the abandonment of that city's trams in 1959. Some London tramcars have been preserved on static display at London's Transport Museum (in Covent Garden) and in working order at the National Tramway Museum at Crich, Derbyshire. A working London tram can also be seen and ridden on at the East Anglia", "University of London 1823, joined in 1920. The previous provision for colleges outside London was not abandoned on federation, instead London offered two routes to degrees: \"internal\" degrees offered by schools of the university and \"external\" degrees offered at other colleges (now the University of London flexible and distance learning programmes). UCL and King's College, whose campaign for a teaching university in London had resulted in the university's reconstitution as a federal institution, went even further than becoming schools of the university and were actually merged into it. UCL's merger, under the 1905 University College London (Transfer) Act, happened in 1907. The charter", "Heythrop College, University of London British educational system and moved to London in 1970, officially becoming a specialist college of the University of London in 1971, and began to award University of London degrees. Upon moving to London, the College retained the name of its previous home, and has continued to be called 'Heythrop College'. The College moved to its current Kensington Square site in 1993. In January 2014, the College received decrees from the Congregation for Catholic Education of the Holy See, therefore officially reactivating its ecclesiastical faculties under the patronage of Robert Bellarmine. The ecclesiastical faculties are today grouped together as the Bellarmine", "University College London based in Holmbury St Mary, Surrey, and there is a UCL campus in Doha, Qatar specialised in archaeology, conservation and museum studies (to be transferred to Hamad Bin Khalifa University in 2020 at the end of UCL's contact with the Qatar Foundation). From 2010 to 2015 UCL ran a University Preparatory Certificate course at Nazarbayev University in Astana, Kazakhstan, and had a campus in Adelaide, Australia from 2010 to 2017. Although UCL is a constituent college of the federal University of London, in most ways it is comparable with free-standing, self-governing and independently funded universities, and it awards its own", "Heythrop College, University of London of future newspapers. From September 2015, the Lion will continue to be published in the form of magazines instead of newspapers. Heythrop has its own on-site hall of residence but, due to the college's relatively small size in comparison to other constituent colleges of London University, the Alban Hall is also relatively small housing only ninety-six students. Housing is also available through the University of London Intercollegiate Halls, and the University of London housing service and most first year students choose to remain in or around Heythrop's Kensington Campus. Heythrop College, University of London Heythrop College, University of London, is", "Michael Higgins (glass artist) Michael Higgins (glass artist) Michael Higgins (September 29, 1908 in London – February 13, 1999 in Riverside, Illinois) was an American glass artist. He was a King's Scholar at Eton College, and studied at Cambridge University, and the London Central School of Arts and Crafts. Emigrating to the US in 1939, he worked as a Lend-Lease programmer for India during World War II. Following the war, he became Head of Visual Design at the Chicago Institute of Design, where one of his students was Frances Stewart. He married Frances in 1948, and together they founded the Higgins Glass studio. His", "University College London Boat Club Rowing Club. In recent years the Club has expressed its desire to both expand membership of the Bentham Boat Club (UCL alumni rowing club) and build a new dedicated boat house somewhere on the Tideway which could provide a dedicated alternative to the current facilities used by the club at the University of London Boat Club's boathouse at Chiswick. UCL Boat Club aims to continue improving and rise to the top of the pile of both student rowing in London, and UCL sports clubs. University College London Boat Club University College London Boat Club (UCLBC) is one of University College", "History of University College London London, to be called the Albert University. The Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Surgeons, meanwhile, petitioned that they be granted degree awarding powers in Medicine and Surgery. Faced with these various options, a Royal commission was established in 1888 to look into the matter. The commission reported in 1889, rejecting the petition of the Royal Colleges and recommending reform of the University of London, with a minority report favouring the granting of the charter to the Albert University. It was agreed that if reform of the existing University failed, the new University should be established. A", "History of University College London institutional ancestry preceding their formation as \"universities\": for example what is now the University of Nottingham can trace some elements back to 1798 but only began university-level teaching with the foundation of the first civic college in 1881 (royal charter as University College Nottingham in 1903), and did not gain University status (via a new royal charter) until 1948. Conversely, King's College London (KCL) was founded after UCL, but received its Royal Charter (granting it legal existence as a corporation) in 1829, before UCL, so arguably is older, leading King's College students to claim the title of third oldest university", "University College London with the Institute of Archaeology. In 1988, UCL merged with the Institute of Laryngology & Otology, the Institute of Orthopaedics, the Institute of Urology & Nephrology and Middlesex Hospital Medical School. In 1993, a reorganisation of the University of London meant that UCL and other colleges gained direct access to government funding and the right to confer University of London degrees themselves. This led to UCL being regarded as a \"de facto\" university in its own right. In 1994, the University College London Hospitals NHS Trust was established. UCL merged with the College of Speech Sciences and the Institute of", "Department of Pharmacology at University College London, 1905 – 2007 existed between academics and the provost. Staff were told at the time that the new organisation would be rolled out to other Faculties across UCL, though this has not happened. David Colquhoun has kept a personal diary of the process on his blog: \"In Memoriam Department of Pharmacology, UCL 1905 – 2007\". On the positive side, UCL's current provost, Michael Arthur, has put much emphasis on the quality of teaching, and maintaining its connections with research. Department of Pharmacology at University College London, 1905 – 2007 The Department of Pharmacology at the University of London, the first of its kind", "Heythrop College, University of London Heythrop College, University of London Heythrop College, University of London, is a public university and the specialist philosophy and theology college of the University of London located in Kensington in London and is the oldest constituent college of the federal University of London, being founded in 1614 by the Society of Jesus. Heythrop joined the University of London in 1971, maintaining its Roman Catholic links and ethos while offering an educational experience that respects all faiths and perspectives. Heythrop is a centre for inter-religious dialogue and modern philosophical inquiry and is a member of the Cathedrals Group of British colleges", "History of University College London Wellcome Foundation, on 1 January 2005. In 2007, Grant separated teaching from research in the Faculty of Life Sciences. In the process UCL's eminent departments of Pharmacology and Physiology vanished (see Department of Pharmacology at University College London, 1905 – 2007. UCL applied to the Privy Council for the power to award degrees in its own right. This was granted in September 2005, and the first degrees were awarded in 2008. History of University College London University College London (UCL) was founded on 11 February 1826, under the name \"London University\", as a secular alternative to the strictly religious universities", "University College London Imperial College London were announced in 2002. The proposal provoked strong opposition from UCL teaching staff and students and the AUT union, which criticised \"the indecent haste and lack of consultation\", leading to its abandonment by the UCL Provost Sir Derek Roberts. The blogs that helped to stop the merger are preserved, though some of the links are now broken: see David Colquhoun's blog and the Save UCL blog, which was run by David Conway, a postgraduate student in the department of Hebrew and Jewish studies. The London Centre for Nanotechnology was established in 2003 as a joint venture between", "University College London Boat Club 1886 so it is believed that the sport may have enjoyed a brief period of popularity thanks to a number of enthusiasts at the College. The college begins to appear frequently in such almanacs from around 1921 and it is believed that this is the time at which the sport gained real popularity amongst the students. From around this time, UCL became one of the largest contributors to University of London Boat Club eights. The club enjoyed the successes of many frequent Allom Cup wins throughout the 1930s. After this date there are very few open regatta or head wins", "King's College London–UCL rivalry King's College London–UCL rivalry The rivalry between King's College London and University College London has been a part of London life for nearly two centuries. It has been expressed in the academic sphere, on the sports field and in the rivalry of the student populations. It can be traced to their foundation in the 1820s when King's College was established as the Anglican counterpart to the secular University College. King's College was founded in 1829 in response to the founding of \"London University\", latterly known as University College London, in 1826. UCL was founded, with the backing of Jews, Utilitarians", "University College London Boat Club they are current students at University College London). Teams train most of the time in the UCL gym on campus, and also at the University of London boathouse in Chiswick. The club also organises a number of social events and balls throughout the year. Founded in 1864, University College London Boat Club was not actually registered as a separate and distinct entity from the College itself until 1871. It is believed that the club's first race was recorded on 24 May 1864 as a race between itself and Guy's RC. UCL does not appear in any rowing almanacs from around", "History of University College London founder of what is now Heriot-Watt University, but after internal disagreements he left in 1831 and the post was abolished. During this period the College founded University College School, originally called the London University School (1830). In 1833 the foundation stone was laid for the hospital which had always been planned in association with the College, then known as the 'North London Hospital', but today University College Hospital. The University College was founded based on practices at the University of Edinburgh and other Scottish universities. \"The strongest, single, intellectual influence was that of Edinburgh, and, from the example of the", "University College London Association, the British Museum, Cancer Research UK, Gray's Inn, the Medical Research Council, RADA, the Royal Academy of Art, the Royal Institution and the Wellcome Trust. Many University of London schools and institutes are also close by, including Birkbeck, University of London, London Business School, the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, the Royal Veterinary College, the School of Advanced Study, the School of Oriental and African Studies and the Senate House Library. The nearest London Underground station is Euston Square, with Goodge Street, Russell Square, Tottenham Court Road and Warren Street all nearby. The mainline railway stations at", "History of University College London London was reconstituted as a federal university with new statutes drawn up under the University of London Act 1898. UCL, along with a number of other colleges in London, became schools of the University of London. While most of the constituent institutions retained their autonomy, UCL was merged into the University in 1907 under the University College London (Transfer) Act 1905 and lost its legal independence. (KCL also surrendered its independence a few years later, in 1910.) This necessitated the separation of University College Hospital and University College School as separate institutions (which they remain). A new charter in 1977", "History of University College London lack of connection between the colleges and the University, with the Morning Chronicle noting that: \"The possibility of so nugatory a proceeding would have been obiviated had the University College been allowed some participation in the Acts of the University.\" On 7 May 1842, the proprietors annulled the regulations of the original Deed of Settlement and put in place new bylaws, including a provision for shares to be forfeited or ceded back to the College who would distribute them to honours graduates from the University of London who had studied at the College, thus admitting some alumni to the membership", "Michael Higgins (glass artist) work is in the Renwick Gallery. His papers are at the Archives of American Art. Michael Higgins (glass artist) Michael Higgins (September 29, 1908 in London – February 13, 1999 in Riverside, Illinois) was an American glass artist. He was a King's Scholar at Eton College, and studied at Cambridge University, and the London Central School of Arts and Crafts. Emigrating to the US in 1939, he worked as a Lend-Lease programmer for India during World War II. Following the war, he became Head of Visual Design at the Chicago Institute of Design, where one of his students was Frances", "University College London Boat Club fell below 60th place; a dismal showing for one of the 'great' British university clubs. At the same time however University of London rowing experienced a period of renaissance which saw them post their first Henley win in the 1961 Thames Cup. Modest signs of recovery in College rowing were apparent by 1962. In this year UCL crews rowed to 52 place in the Tideway head and in 1965 managed to post a result of 43rd in the same race. This period of recovery was short lived as just one year later the club dived to 198th place in the", "History of University College London until 1836, when the latter-day University of London was established, that it was legally recognised (as a college, under the name of \"University College, London\") and granted the authority to submit students for the degree examinations of the University of London. In 1900 when the University of London was reconstituted as a federal university, UCL became one of the founding colleges. Through much of the 20th century it surrendered its legal independence to become fully owned by the University of London. It was rechartered as an independent college in 1977, has received government funding directly since 1993, and gained the", "History of University College London never be safe to place him … in an important executive or administrative office\". On 30 July, in response to a question from Tooke, the Attorney General Sir John Campbell announced that two charters would be granted, one to the (then) London University (i.e. UCL) \"not as a University but as a College\", with \"no power … of granting academical degrees\", the second \"for the purpose of establishing a Metropolitan University\" - what was to become the University of London. This was condemned as a \"barren collegiate charter\" by Tooke, who called on the London University (UCL) \"to consider whether,", "University College London Association of Commonwealth Universities, the European University Association and the Universities Research Association. UCL has a major collaboration with Yale University, the Yale UCL Collaborative, and has hundreds of other research and teaching partnerships, including around 150 research links and 130 student-exchange partnerships with European universities. UCL has been a member of the SES engineering and physical sciences research alliance since May 2013, which it formed with the universities of Cambridge, Oxford and Southampton and Imperial College London (King's College London subsequently joined in 2016). UCL is a member of the Thomas Young Centre, an alliance of London research groups", "University College London chaplaincy since 2005 and there is no restriction on religious groups among students. A \"quiet contemplation room\" also allows prayer for staff and students of all faiths. UCL is a constituent college of the federal University of London, of which it was one of the two founding members in 1836 (the other being King's College London). UCL is a founding member of the Russell Group, an association of 24 British research universities established in 1994, and of the G5 lobbying group, which it established in early 2004 with the universities of Cambridge and Oxford, Imperial College London and the London", "University College London the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. UCL offers joint degrees with numerous other universities and institutions, including The Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, Columbia University, the University of Hong Kong, Imperial College London, New York University, Peking University and Yale University. UCL is the sponsor of the UCL Academy, a secondary school in the London Borough of Camden. The school opened in September 2012 and was the first in the UK to have a university as sole sponsor. UCL also has a strategic partnership with Newham Collegiate Sixth Form Centre. UCL is a founding member", "King's College London is a part of Global Science Gallery Network. A flagship project for 'Culture at King’s College London', Science Gallery will include of public space and a newly landscaped Georgian courtyard. There will be exhibition galleries, theatres, meeting spaces and a café; while unlike other science centre, it will have no permanent collection. Daniel Glaser, the former Head of Engaging Science at Wellcome Trust, is Director of Science Gallery London. Internationally, King's is consistently ranked among the top universities in the world by all major global university rankings compilers, having been placed between 19th by the 2015 \"QS World University Rankings\",", "How Not to Be Seen with a serene wide shot of a landscape in which there are supposedly 40 people, none of whom can be seen. The picture then changes to another serene wide shot of a different landscape. In it is Mr. E. R. Bradshaw of Napier Court, Black Lion Road, (London) SE 5, who cannot be seen. The narrator asks him to stand up. He complies and is immediately shot. According to the narrator, \"This demonstrates the value of not being seen.\" There is a cut to another landscape wide shot. In it, the audience cannot see Mrs. B. J. Smegma of 13,", "King's College London–UCL rivalry of £50 for the removal of the paint. But we think it well worth it.\" King's College London–UCL rivalry The rivalry between King's College London and University College London has been a part of London life for nearly two centuries. It has been expressed in the academic sphere, on the sports field and in the rivalry of the student populations. It can be traced to their foundation in the 1820s when King's College was established as the Anglican counterpart to the secular University College. King's College was founded in 1829 in response to the founding of \"London University\", latterly known", "History of University College London claims to have offered the first systematic teaching in Engineering, Law and Medicine at an English university, although its Engineering course, established in 1841, followed the establishment of engineering courses at Durham (1838) and King's College London (1839). The Slade School of Fine Art was founded at the College in 1871 following a bequest from Felix Slade. UCL claims to be the first University institution in England to establish a students' union, in 1893. However, this postdates the formation of the Liverpool Guild of Students in 1892. Men and women had separate unions until 1945. In 1900 the University of", "History of University College London History of University College London University College London (UCL) was founded on 11 February 1826, under the name \"London University\", as a secular alternative to the strictly religious universities of Oxford and Cambridge. It was founded with the intention from the beginning of it being a university, not a college or institute. However its founders encountered strong opposition from the Church of England, the existing universities and the medical schools which prevented them from securing the Royal Charter under the title of \"university\" that would grant \"London University\" official recognition and allow it to award degrees. Thus it was not", "King's College London Mathews was opened in 1972. In 1980 King's regained its legal independence under a new Royal Charter. In 1993 King's, along with other large University of London colleges, gained direct access to government funding (which had previously been through the university) and the right to confer University of London degrees itself. This contributed to King's and the other large colleges being regarded as \"de facto\" universities in their own right. King's College London underwent several mergers with other institutions in the late 20th century. These including the reincorporation in 1983 of the King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, which", "Preserved Smith to improve human prospects for the future. He taught at Cornell University as a member of the Department of History from 1923 to 1941. His doctoral dissertation was a critical study of the \"Table Talk\" of Martin Luther and he wrote major biographies of Luther and Erasmus. Smith was a professor at Amherst College, Cornell University, Harvard University, and Williams College. Preserved Smith Preserved Smith (July 22, 1880 – May 15, 1941) was an American historian of the Protestant Reformation. He was the son of Henry Preserved Smith, a noted scholar of the Old Testament, and inherited his name from", "University College London Kings College London and the Medical Research Council which owns and manages the Clinical Imaging Centre located at Imperial College London’s Hammersmith Hospital campus. In the 2014/15 academic year UCL had a total of 35,615 students, of whom 16,830 were undergraduate and 18,785 were postgraduate. In that year, UCL had the third-largest total number of students of any university in the United Kingdom (after the Open University and the University of Manchester), and the largest number of postgraduate students. In 2013/14 87% of UCL's students were full-time and 13% part-time, and 54% were female and 46% male. In 2013/14, 12,330", "History of University College London proposed in 1864 that teaching should be added to the University of London, but this was rejected by the University Senate. It was proposed again in 1878 and again rejected. After the formation of the Victoria University in 1880, with a federal link between teaching (initially only in Owens College) and examining in the University, the University of London Convocation (which had been formed from the graduates by the 1858 charter) voted in favour of a similar move for London in 1881 and 1882. These were again defeated in the Senate. In 1884 the Association for Promotion of a Teaching", "Brunel University London the education of engineers. Brunel College of Technology was awarded the status of College of Advanced Technology in 1960 and became Brunel College of Advanced Technology in 2018. In June 1966 Brunel College of Advanced Technology was awarded a royal charter and became Brunel University London. It is often described as a British plate glass university. Brunel is a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, the European University Association, and Universities UK. Brunel is one of a number of British universities which were established in the 1960s following the Robbins Report on higher education. It is sometimes described as", "University College London in the country and 3rd in London. UCL was one of the first universities in the UK to make use of the A* grade at A-Level (introduced in 2010) for admissions to courses including Economics, European Social and Political Studies, Law, Mathematics, Medicine, Theoretical Physics and Psychology. The university gave offers of admission to 62.9% of its applicants in 2017, and had the 6th lowest offer rate in the Russell Group in 2015. For 2017 entry, the university was one of only a few mainstream universities (along with Cambridge, Imperial College London, LSE, Oxford, St Andrews, and Warwick) to have", "University College London Boat Club the Tideway Head, reaching the best position since 1953 despite competing against stronger opposition. In 1975 having already beaten Leander Club a University College London eight went on to set a new Fawley Record of 3 min 18 sec against Potomac Boat Club of the United States in the semi-final of the Wyfold Cup. Despite ultimately winning, Potomac went on to lose the final. In 1977, UCL's first and second eights finished 15th and 13th respectively in the Tideway Head; the club then went on to enter three crews in the 1978 Henley Royal Regatta. These were all significant achievements", "University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street Health NHS Trust to combine their specialist cardiovascular services at the one site. The hospital currently provides thoracic surgery and urology services. Cardiothoracic surgery and Cardiology services were provided at the hospital until 2015: University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street, named The Heart Hospital until refurbished and renamed in 2015, was a specialist cardiac hospital located in London, United Kingdom until 2015. It is part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and is closely associated with University College London (UCL). After the 2015 refurbishment the hospital now provides thoracic surgery, and", "As Seen Through a Telescope (which is this film's main advance on \"Grandma's Reading Glass\").\" \"Smith's experiments with editing,\" Brooke concludes, \"were ahead of most contemporary film-makers, and in retrospect it can clearly be seen that he was laying the foundations of film grammar as we now understand it.\" The film was shot in Furze Hill, Hove, England outside the entrance to St. Ann's Well Gardens, where Smith had his studio. An old gentleman is shown on a village street, looking for something through a field glass. Suddenly, he levels the glass on a young couple coming up the road. The girl's shoe string came", "University College London Boat Club University College London Boat Club University College London Boat Club (UCLBC) is one of University College London's largest student societies, with over 100 formal members. The club is highly successful and has a rich heritage and has a stated annual goal of qualifying as many crews as possible to race at the prestigious Henley Royal Regatta and Henley Women's Regatta. The club currently trains under the coaching team of Tom Wilkinson and Alan Sinclair, and Alan Sherman. Fillip Ljubicic, past UCL and UL oarsman, is UCLBC's Director of Rowing. The club accepts both experienced and novice oarsmen and women (providing", "College of Arts and Sciences (Case Western Reserve University) College of Arts and Sciences (Case Western Reserve University) The College of Arts and Sciences of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, offers a number of research and educational programs in the arts, humanities, social sciences, physical and biological sciences, and mathematics. Students can choose a major or minor in from almost 60 unique undergraduate programs, design their own courses of study, or enroll in integrated bachelor's/master's degree programs. The College of Arts and Sciences also offers a number of graduate programs in several fields. The College of Arts and Sciences traces its origins to the founding of Western", "A Looking Glass for London of Rasni's clients; she faints when Rasni catches her. By Act V, Alcon and his family are reduced to thievery to survive. Jonah arrives at Nineveh, preaching repentance; his preaching is so powerful that even the most corrupt are affected. Sinners who fast and repent — even Rasni and Alvida — are forgiven. Jonah ends the play alone on the stage, applying the moral lessons of the play to the lives of Londoners and Englishmen. A Looking Glass for London A Looking Glass for London and England is an Elizabethan era stage play, a collaboration between Thomas Lodge and Robert", "University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust staff and a sickness absence rate of 3.38%. 83% of staff recommend it as a place for treatment and 70% recommended it as a place to work. University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH) is an NHS foundation trust based in London, United Kingdom. It comprises University College Hospital, University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street, the UCH Macmillan Cancer Centre, the Eastman Dental Hospital, the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine and the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital.", "A Looking Glass for London A Looking Glass for London A Looking Glass for London and England is an Elizabethan era stage play, a collaboration between Thomas Lodge and Robert Greene. Recounting the Biblical story of Jonah and the fall of Nineveh, the play is a noteworthy example of the survival of the Medieval morality play style of drama in the period of English Renaissance theatre. The play dates from late 1589 or early 1590. The premier production of \"A Looking Glass\" may have been staged by Queen Elizabeth's Men, the company that acted many of Greene's plays; the play's Clown may have been portrayed", "Third-oldest university in England debate awarding powers and let them be carried by the title of university. It can be seen from the charter that Wetherell's counsel prevailed, and Durham went on to award degrees without any explicit grant of powers. What is important for the debate, however, is that the view that Durham did not gain degree awarding powers via recognition as a university relies on degree awarding powers not being essential to being a university. This point of view also strongly supports the claims of University College London and King's College London, although if formal recognition as a university is considered essential Durham", "University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street, named The Heart Hospital until refurbished and renamed in 2015, was a specialist cardiac hospital located in London, United Kingdom until 2015. It is part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and is closely associated with University College London (UCL). After the 2015 refurbishment the hospital now provides thoracic surgery, and urology services. Before the 2015 refurbishment the Heart Hospital conducted over 1,000 surgical heart operations each year, had 95 in-patient beds, and was one of the largest cardiac centres in the UK. It treated", "History of University College London the Senate [of the University of London] proposes that collegiate education shall no longer be necessary for candidates for degrees in arts and laws, desires to express is disapproval of the proposed change, as one likely to be injurious to the cause of regular and systematic education, and as not only lowering the value, but altering the very meaning, of an English University degree\" and \"That University College having been pointed out in 1835 by the address of the House of Commons to the Crown, as the future University of London and having chiefly waived its claims to that high", "Heythrop College, University of London Institute. In June 2014, Heythrop College celebrated the 400th anniversary of its foundation. While the college still retains its original function as a centre for the education of future priests and ministers of the Catholic Church, its student body is now much larger, more international and more diverse. In December 2014, Heythrop College announced that it would stop recruiting undergraduates for University of London degrees, noting its current discussions for a strategic partnership with St Mary's University, Twickenham. This move is due to financial difficulties the College faces as an autonomous College of the University of London. Heythrop College is", "University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH) is an NHS foundation trust based in London, United Kingdom. It comprises University College Hospital, University College Hospital at Westmoreland Street, the UCH Macmillan Cancer Centre, the Eastman Dental Hospital, the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, the Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine and the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital. The Trust has an annual turnover of around £940 million and employs approximately 8,180 staff. Each year its hospitals treat over 500,000 outpatients appointments and admit over", "University Hall (University of Illinois at Chicago) of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. The offices of the university chancellor are located on the top floor. The first two floors are occupied by the Port Center Cafe, a popular studying spot for students; the south portion of the 2nd floor can be seen near the end of the 2006 film, \"Stranger than Fiction\". The remainder of the floors are used as offices for the university chancellor, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, certain LAS departments and professors, and the College of Business Administration. University Hall, or UH as it is popularly referred to, can be seen from miles away", "Regent's American College London Regent's American College London Regent's American College London, (commonly abbreviated to \"RACL\"), is a part of Regent's University London, the campus of which was originally built in 1913 in the midst of Regent's Park in central London, UK. Until 2007 the college was known as British American College London. RACL was the official London campus of Webster University, St. Louis, USA but the arrangement ended in 2015. As of September 2015 RACL will offer its own Liberal Arts undergraduate programmes based on the U.S. curriculum. The student body is primarily international, with large populations from the Middle East, USA, South", "Professor of Greek (University College London) Professor of Greek (University College London) The Professorship in Greek was one of the original professorships of University College London (UCL) in 1828. The position was established at the same time as the Professorship in Latin. The inaugural lecture of the first incumbent was delivered on November 1, 1830. The teaching of classical Greek (and Latin) at the new University of London \"challenged both the monopoly and the style of Oxbridge classics\". Since the Second World War the chair has been occupied by a series of renowned scholars including T. B. L. Webster (who founded the Institute of Classical Studies),", "University College London Foundation Trust, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. In 2008, UCL established the UCL School of Energy & Resources in Adelaide, Australia, the first campus of a British university in the country. The School was based in the historic Torrens Building in Victoria Square and its creation followed negotiations between UCL Vice Provost Michael Worton and South Australian Premier Mike Rann. In 2009, the Yale UCL Collaborative was established between UCL, UCL Partners, Yale University, Yale School of Medicine and Yale – New Haven Hospital. It is the largest collaboration in the", "London College of Fashion London College of Fashion The London College of Fashion is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, in London, England. It offers undergraduate, postgraduate, short courses, study abroad courses and business-training in fashion, make-up, beauty-therapy and lifestyle industries. It is the only college in Britain to specialise in fashion education, research and consultancy. Its patron is Sophie, Countess of Wessex. The current head of college is Frances Corner. The origins of the London College of Fashion are in three early London trade schools for women: the Shoreditch Technical Institute Girls School, founded in 1906; the Barrett Street", "Coat of arms of King's College London Sable proper shirt Argent holding in the interior hand a Book proper.\" There is no surviving correspondence in the King's College London Archives and at the College of Arms regarding the choice of the original coat of arms. A wide variety of unofficial adaptations have been used during the college history. The original arms can still be seen at the entrance to the 19th century King's Building at the Strand Campus. The King's College London coat of arms is only used on formal documents, including examination certificates, formal invitations and graduation materials, and it acts as a legitimising device on", "Mather House (Case Western Reserve University) Mather House (Case Western Reserve University) Mather House, whose formal name is Flora Mather House, is a college building named for Flora Stone Mather at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. It was built as a dormitory for the Flora Stone Mather College for Women of Western Reserve University, and currently houses classrooms and offices for the university's departments of art history, classics, history, and political science. It was built during 1913-1915. It was designed by architect Abram Garfield and was built by contractor Roderick D. Grant. The building faces Euclid Avenue, sitting between the Church of the Covenant", "London College of Communication London College of Communication London College of Communication (LCC) (formerly the London School of Printing and Graphic Arts and then London College of Printing and, briefly, London College of Printing and Distributive Trades) is a constituent college of the University of the Arts London, located in Elephant and Castle. Natalie Brett is Head of College. It has approximately 5,000 students on almost 50 courses in media, design and screen preparing students for careers in the creative industries. Courses cover diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate level. Multi-media convergence now influences LCC’s specialist areas, including graphic design and advertising, photography, film and animation,", "Professor of Greek (University College London) Eric Handley, P. E. Easterling, Richard Janko, and Chris Carey. P. E. Easterling is the only woman to have held the position. The following have held the chair of Greek: Professor of Greek (University College London) The Professorship in Greek was one of the original professorships of University College London (UCL) in 1828. The position was established at the same time as the Professorship in Latin. The inaugural lecture of the first incumbent was delivered on November 1, 1830. The teaching of classical Greek (and Latin) at the new University of London \"challenged both the monopoly and the style of", "King's College London King's College London King's College London (informally King's or KCL) is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom, and a founding constituent college of the federal University of London. King's was established in 1829 by King George IV and Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, when it received its first royal charter (as a university college), and claims to be the fourth oldest university institution in England. In 1836, King's became one of the two founding colleges of the University of London. In the late 20th century, King's grew through a series of mergers, including with Queen Elizabeth", "Queen Mary University of London freestanding medical schools being merged with existing large colleges to form multi-faculty institutions. In 1995 the London Hospital Medical College and St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College merged into Queen Mary & Westfield College to form the entity now named Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry. In 2000 the college changed its name for general public use to Queen Mary, University of London; in 2013, the college legally changed its name to Queen Mary University of London. The VISTA telescope is a 4-metre class wide-field telescope at the Paranal Observatory in Chile that was conceived and developed by", "King's College London Chapel King's College London Chapel The Chapel of King's College London is a Grade I listed 19th century chapel located in the Strand Campus of King's College London, London, England. Originally designed by Sir Robert Smirke in 1831, the Renaissance Revival chapel seen today was redesigned by the prominent Victorian Gothic architect Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1864. The original college chapel was designed by Sir Robert Smirke and was completed in 1831 as part of the College building (later known as the King's building). Given the foundation of the university in the tradition of the Church of England, the chapel", "Heythrop College, University of London but to students of other colleges around the country who had reached the required standard. Stonyhurst applied for recognition as an institution preparing for London degrees, and this right was granted it in 1840, allowing both lay and clerical students to prepare for London University degrees: the lay students were called \"Philosophers\", as had been the students at Liège back in the 1620s. In 1926, the colleges came together in Heythrop Hall, Oxfordshire. At the time of moving to Heythrop, the college was awarding degrees from the Jesuit Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. However, the college sought integration with the", "History of University College London University for London was publicly launched by UCL, King's, and the London medical schools. However, Convocation was persuaded that a teaching university would lead to a reduction in degree standards and voted against a teaching University in 1885. It was felt that with the creation of the Victoria University, Owens College had, despite being smaller and younger than UCL, achieved what UCL had been unable to do – gain degree-awarding powers. considering applying to become a college of the Victoria University, UCL joined forces with King's and the medical schools to propose the formation of a separate federal university in", "Bedford College, London history as a pioneering institution in the field of women's education were being forgotten. In an attempt to give more prominence to the Bedford name, the merged college named a large, newly built library in the centre of its campus the \"Bedford Library\". Relations between RHUL and some of the Bedford College alumni remain somewhat strained, but many other Bedford College alumni maintain links with RHUL, supporting alumni events and other college work. Bedford College's old premises in Regent's Park is now the home of Regent's University London. Bedford College, London Bedford College was founded in London in 1849 as", "Richmond, The American International University in London the society and access to the widest range of training, development and employment opportunities. It is one of eight members of the Independent Universities Group, whose objective is to differentiate between their academic credentials and the more commercial elements of the alternative sector. Richmond was founded in 1972 by the social entrepreneur and politician Sir Cyril Taylor, chairman of the American Institute For Foreign Study (AIFS), as Richmond College, The American College in London. It began teaching on the site of the former Richmond Theological College, part of the University of London, founded in 1843 as a Methodist theological college.", "Vernon Glass when the Cardinals posted an 8-2 record. He was named SLC Coach of the Year in 1970 and 1974. In addition, Glass was named NCAA College Division Coach of the Year in 1964 and 1965 and was recognized by the Texas Sports Writers Association at Junior College Coach of the Year in 1959. In September 2009, Bart Simmons, a Lamar University Alumnus, donated $200,000 to create a football practice facility, the 'Coach Vernon Glass Field of Champions.' Vernon Glass Vernon Glass (October 14, 1928 – December 3, 2005) was an American football coach. He served as head football coach at", "Professor of Latin (University College London) a full time position, has been occupied by a series of distinguished scholars including J. R. Seeley, Robinson Ellis, A. E. Housman, H. E. Butler, Otto Skutsch, George Goold, and Malcolm Willcock. The following have held the chair of Latin: Professor of Latin (University College London) The Professorship in Latin at University College London (UCL) is one of the original professorships at UCL. Along with the Professorship in Greek, the chair dates back to the foundations of the university in the 1820s. The first holder was the Rev. John Williams, \"but he resigned in June, 1828, in deference to the", "University of East London Docklands Campus and offers links to Canary Wharf and central London. London City Airport is directly opposite the campus, on the other side of the Royal Albert Dock. The distinctive rounded halls of residence buildings can be seen from across the dock. Docklands was London's first new university campus to be built in over half a century. The Business School will incorporate the Petchey Centre for Entrepreneurship, named in honour of its benefactor, entrepreneur Jack Petchey. University of East London Docklands Campus The University of East London Docklands Campus is a campus of the University of East London (UEL) situated in the", "University College London corporate branding under which the name University College London was replaced by the initialism UCL in all external communications. In the same year, a major new £422 million building was opened for University College Hospital on Euston Road, the UCL Ear Institute was established and a new building for the UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies was opened. In 2007, the UCL Cancer Institute was opened in the newly constructed Paul O'Gorman Building. In August 2008, UCL formed UCL Partners, an academic health science centre, with Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS", "University College London As at 31 July 2015 UCLC had around 1,100 registered consultants. UCLC had a turnover of £10.1 million in 2014/15. UCL Press is a university press wholly owned by UCL. It was the first fully open access university press in the UK, and publishes monographs, textbooks and other academic books in a wide range of academic areas which are available to download for free, in addition to a number of journals As of May 2018, UCL Press had had more than 1 million downloads of its open access books. Imanova is a joint venture company of UCL, Imperial College London,", "University College London UCL and Imperial College London. Since 2003, when UCL Professor David Latchman became Master of the neighbouring Birkbeck, he has forged closer relations between these two University of London colleges, and personally maintains departments at both. Joint research centres include the UCL/Birkbeck Institute for Earth and Planetary Sciences, the UCL/Birkbeck/IoE Centre for Educational Neuroscience, the UCL/Birkbeck Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, and the Birkbeck-UCL Centre for Neuroimaging. In 2005, UCL was finally granted its own taught and research degree awarding powers and all UCL students registered from 2007/08 qualified with UCL degrees. Also in 2005, UCL adopted a new", "College protected title that can only be used with permission, although note that University College London, University College, Oxford and University College, Durham are colleges within their respective universities and not university colleges (in the case of UCL holding full degree awarding powers that set it above a university college), while University College Birmingham is a university in its own right and also not a university college. In the United States, there are over 7021 colleges and universities. A \"college\" in the US formally denotes a constituent part of a university, but in popular usage, the word \"college\" is the generic", "University College London including Christopher Nolan; \"The Cheese Grater\" (a student magazine containing a mix of news investigations and humorous items); and the University College London Investment Society, one of the largest and most popular career societies at UCL . UCL Union runs over 50 sports clubs, including UCL Cricket Club (Men's and Women's as well as Medical School clubs), UCL Boat Club (Men's and Women's clubs), UCL Cross Country and Athletics Club and UCL Rugby Club (Men's and Women's as well as Medical School clubs). UCL clubs compete in inter-university fixtures in the British Universities and Colleges Sport (BUCS) competition in a", "Preserved Smith Preserved Smith Preserved Smith (July 22, 1880 – May 15, 1941) was an American historian of the Protestant Reformation. He was the son of Henry Preserved Smith, a noted scholar of the Old Testament, and inherited his name from a line of Puritan ancestors stretching back to the 17th century. He attended Amherst College and Columbia University, where he received his Ph.D. in 1907, and continued studies at the Sorbonne and the University of Berlin. Like his mentor James Harvey Robinson at Columbia, he had a high respect for science and a belief that knowledge of history was a way", "Jesse Glass Carroll County, Maryland and Meikai University, Japan, published \"The Witness; Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Carroll County, Maryland\" in a free, on-line edition, available as an e-book through Ahadada Books. This publication is the sole resource for the study of this subject. Jesse Glass' literary papers, as well as his collections of Marylandia, British and American underground publications, Japanese literature and folklore, and visual and sound works are archived at the University of Maryland Libraries Special Collections, College Park. Glass' work can also be found in the Special Collections of Brown University and New York University at Buffalo, among others. The Ruth" ]

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[ "a girl wearing a jersey chases a ball" ]

[ "a girl plays with a basketball", "People are sitting by a snowy mountain.", "A guy is surrounded by green grass.", "We didn't ask any of the officials from the organizations highlighted in the case illustrations to verify the accuracy of the information presented.", "The man is wearing glasses.", "A person with a collection of wares standing close to others outdoors.", "Earthquakes were responsible for diminishing its importance during the last decade." ]

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[ "Ynys Benlas Ynys Benlas Ynys Benlas is a small islet situated in the Inland Sea (Welsh: \"Y Lasinwen\") between Anglesey and Holy Island. It measures approximately 65 metres (east-west) by 35 metres (north-south) at low tide and covers about 0.2 hectares. Its name translates from the Welsh for \"blue top island\", which is thought to derive from the fact that bluebells apparently flourished on it. Late nineteenth century Ordnance survey maps refer to the islet as Ynys Henlas, which translates as \"old blue island\" According to the \"Archaeological Journal\" (1844), the islet (referred to as Ben Las in the Journal) may have", "Ynys Benlas been an ancient signal hill. Ynys Benlas Ynys Benlas is a small islet situated in the Inland Sea (Welsh: \"Y Lasinwen\") between Anglesey and Holy Island. It measures approximately 65 metres (east-west) by 35 metres (north-south) at low tide and covers about 0.2 hectares. Its name translates from the Welsh for \"blue top island\", which is thought to derive from the fact that bluebells apparently flourished on it. Late nineteenth century Ordnance survey maps refer to the islet as Ynys Henlas, which translates as \"old blue island\" According to the \"Archaeological Journal\" (1844), the islet (referred to as Ben Las", "Ynys Llanddwyn Ynys Llanddwyn Ynys Llanddwyn or Llanddwyn Island is a small tidal island off the west coast of Anglesey (Welsh: Ynys Môn), northwest Wales. The nearest town is Newborough. The island is of geological interest with pillow lava, jasper formations and aeolian sand deposits. The island forms part of the National Nature Reserve of Newborough Warren which includes the extensive and floristically rich sand dune system. Ynys Llanddwyn is a tidal island; it remains attached to the mainland at all but the highest tides. It provides views of Snowdonia and the Llŷn Peninsula. The island is very rich in legends, and", "Ynys Llanddwyn car park. Ynys Llanddwyn, with the neighbouring beach, has been awarded Blue Flag beach status in recognition of the cleanliness of the sea and the beaches. Tŵr Mawr lighthouse marks the western entrance to the Menai Strait. Ynys Llanddwyn Ynys Llanddwyn or Llanddwyn Island is a small tidal island off the west coast of Anglesey (Welsh: Ynys Môn), northwest Wales. The nearest town is Newborough. The island is of geological interest with pillow lava, jasper formations and aeolian sand deposits. The island forms part of the National Nature Reserve of Newborough Warren which includes the extensive and floristically rich sand", "Ynys Dulas Ynys Dulas Ynys Dulas () is a small island located off the north-east coast of Anglesey (Welsh: \"Ynys Môn\"), Wales. It marks the most eastern part of the parish of Llaneilian. The island is situated about a mile and a half offshore, within Dulas Bay. The size of the island depends on the tide, with a maximum length of 623 metres and width of 207 metres against a minimum of 184 metres by 35 metres. It has a maximum area of . The island is mainly rocky, but at low tide sand is exposed, most noticeably on the southern part", "Ynys Dulas structure was completed in 1821 by Colonel James Hughes of Llys Dulas Manor. A map drawn up in September 1748 by Lewis Morris shows the island named as Ynys Gadarn (Strong or Mighty Island) not Ynys Dulas. On 16 November 1928 \"Mary Ann\", a wooden brigantine built in 1879 by Kingston of Moray, registered in Guernsey and owned by George H Grounds of Runcorn, was sailing from Runcorn to Falmouth with a cargo of coal, when it was stranded on Ynys Dulas. Ynys Dulas Ynys Dulas () is a small island located off the north-east coast of Anglesey (Welsh: \"Ynys", "Ynys Môn (UK Parliament constituency) official name, as no boundary changes were involved. Geographically, the constituency of Ynys Môn comprises the whole of the main island of Anglesey and the smaller Holy Island. Short Parliament Long Parliament \"Anglesey was unrepresented in Barebone's Parliament\" First Protectorate Parliament Second Protectorate Parliament Third Protectorate Parliament Ynys Môn (UK Parliament constituency) Ynys Môn (; officially called Anglesey until 1983) is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. The Ynys Môn Welsh Assembly constituency was created with", "Ynys Llanddwyn in particular the association with Dwynwen. The name Llanddwyn means \"The church of St. Dwynwen\". Dwynwen is the Welsh patron saint of lovers, making her the Welsh equivalent of St. Valentine. Her Saint's day is 25 January and is often celebrated by the Welsh with cards and flowers. The island bears the ruined remains of St Dwynwen's Church. There are more than of footpaths crossing Ynys Llanddwyn and Newborough Warren, including the Anglesey Coastal Path, and it is a very popular place to visit. The island provides a worth-while goal after the mile-long walk along the beach from the nearest", "Ynys Feurig Ynys Feurig Ynys Feurig (also spelt Ynys Feirig) is the name for a set of three small inter-connected low-lying inshore tidal rocky islets (3.1 ha in extent), lying off from the west coast of Anglesey, North Wales, just north of the village of Rhosneigr and south of RAF Valley airfield. They are also known by the English name \"Starvation Island\". The islets are accessible from the mainland at mid-to low tide. The clipper \"Norman Court\" ran aground nearby, in Cymyran Bay. The islands are important for their tern colony, in particular for roseate tern, for which this is the most", "Ynys Môn (UK Parliament constituency) Ynys Môn (UK Parliament constituency) Ynys Môn (; officially called Anglesey until 1983) is a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. The Ynys Môn Welsh Assembly constituency was created with the same boundaries in 1999. The Laws in Wales Act 1535 (26 Hen. VIII, c. 26) provided for a single county seat in the House of Commons for each of twelve historic Welsh counties (including Anglesey) and two for Monmouthshire. Using the modern year, starting on 1", "Ynys Gaint Ynys Gaint Ynys Gaint is a small island in the Menai Strait connected to the town of Menai Bridge on Anglesey by a causeway (which still exists today) and also a concrete bridge erected by Sir William Fison (a previous owner of the island) in the 1930s. Literally translated Ynys Gaint mean Kent Island. Ynys Gaint lies close to the Anglesey shore at OS reference SH561725, between Ynys Faelog and Ynys Castell. Between 1942 and 1944 the island housed a Royal Air Force air-sea rescue unit, with several high speed launches, and a small part of the island is still", "2013 Ynys Môn by-election seat in the House of Commons since 2001) would have given the Welsh government a two-seat majority. Six candidates were nominated for the election. 2013 Ynys Môn by-election The Ynys Môn by-election 2013 is a by-election that was held for the Welsh Assembly constituency of Ynys Môn on Thursday 1 August 2013, following the resignation on 20 June 2013 of its sitting Assembly Member, Ieuan Wyn Jones. The election was the third Assembly by-election to be held since its formation in 1999, and the first for over seven years (the previous contest being at Blaenau Gwent in June 2006). Prior", "Ynys Gored Goch has also featured in television programmes such as A Great Welsh Adventure with Griff Rhys Jones (2014) Countryfile (2016) and Robson Green's Coastal Lives (2017). Ynys Gored Goch Ynys Gored Goch (\"Red Weir Island\"), sometimes Ynys Gorad Goch, is a small island in the Menai Strait between Gwynedd and Anglesey in north Wales. It is situated in the stretch of the strait called the Swellies between Thomas Telford's Menai Suspension Bridge and Robert Stephenson's Britannia Bridge. The island is occupied by the main house and the converted smoke house where locally caught fish were processed. The island is private property", "Ynys Feurig among birders in July 2005 when a sooty tern paid a very brief visit, before relocating to The Skerries and Cemlyn. Ynys Feurig Ynys Feurig (also spelt Ynys Feirig) is the name for a set of three small inter-connected low-lying inshore tidal rocky islets (3.1 ha in extent), lying off from the west coast of Anglesey, North Wales, just north of the village of Rhosneigr and south of RAF Valley airfield. They are also known by the English name \"Starvation Island\". The islets are accessible from the mainland at mid-to low tide. The clipper \"Norman Court\" ran aground nearby, in", "History of the Welsh language such as Cardiff with an increase from 6.6% in 1991 to 10.9% in 2001, and Rhondda Cynon Taf with an increase from 9% in 1991 to 12.3% in 2001. However, the number of Welsh speakers declined in Gwynedd from 72.1% in 1991 to 68.7%, and in Ceredigion from 59.1% in 1991 to 51.8%. Ceredigion in particular experienced the greatest fluctuation with a 19.5% influx of new residents since 1991. The decline in Welsh speakers in Gwynedd and Ynys Môn may be attributable to non-Welsh-speaking people moving to North Wales, driving up property prices to levels that local Welsh speakers cannot", "2013 Ynys Môn by-election 2013 Ynys Môn by-election The Ynys Môn by-election 2013 is a by-election that was held for the Welsh Assembly constituency of Ynys Môn on Thursday 1 August 2013, following the resignation on 20 June 2013 of its sitting Assembly Member, Ieuan Wyn Jones. The election was the third Assembly by-election to be held since its formation in 1999, and the first for over seven years (the previous contest being at Blaenau Gwent in June 2006). Prior to the by-election, the governing Labour Party held exactly half the Assembly seats, meaning a gain for that party (who have held the equivalent", "Ynys Môn (UK Parliament constituency) (as Members of Parliament from county constituencies were known before the 19th century) has been lost. It is not known if Anglesey was represented in the parliaments of 1536 and 1539. The borough constituency of Newborough, soon renamed Beaumaris, returned a member of parliament for the boroughs of Anglesey. It was abolished in 1885, leaving only the county constituency of Anglesey. The official name of the constituency in English was Anglesey, until it was replaced by the Welsh name Ynys Môn. Parliament approved the change, to take effect from the 1983 general election. This was purely an alteration of the", "Bull Bay, Anglesey caves. Some of these rocks are over 570 million years old which make them amongst the oldest in Wales. Bull Bay is the home of Trireme Ynys Mon Rowing Club, a sea rowing club affiliated to the Welsh Sea Rowing Association. Bull Bay, Anglesey Bull Bay () is a village and bay on the northern coast of Anglesey, Wales. Its Welsh name, \"Porth Llechog\", means \"sheltered bay\". The English name is derived from Pwll y Tarw (\"the bull's pool\"), which is located near the shore close to the bay. The village is located on the A5025. It is the most", "Ynys y Bîg Ynys y Bîg Ynys y Bîg is a small private island in the Menai Strait attached to the island of Anglesey (in North Wales) by a wooden bridge. The bridge runs from the grounds of a private house, itself also called Ynys y Bîg, preventing any public access. The bridge is now dilapidated. The island lies about 1 mile north-east of the Menai Suspension Bridge and is part of the Glannau Porthaethwy SSSI. At mean low tide there is no water separating it from the mainland, whilst at high tide it is separate with an area of 0.7 acres. It", "Ynys y Bîg is heavily wooded and in some years herons nest there in some numbers. Ynys y Bîg Ynys y Bîg is a small private island in the Menai Strait attached to the island of Anglesey (in North Wales) by a wooden bridge. The bridge runs from the grounds of a private house, itself also called Ynys y Bîg, preventing any public access. The bridge is now dilapidated. The island lies about 1 mile north-east of the Menai Suspension Bridge and is part of the Glannau Porthaethwy SSSI. At mean low tide there is no water separating it from the mainland, whilst", "Ynys Feurig regular breeding site on Anglesey, although numbers of breeding pairs are low currently (2005) compared with the past. Because of this the island has been designated as part of the Ynys Feurig, Cemlyn Bay and The Skerries Special Protection Area along with two other nearby sites, Cemlyn Bay and The Skerries, and all three are also classed by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area. Ynys Feurig is also a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Birds interchange regularly between all three sites, and form part of a larger Irish Sea tern population together with birds at sites in Ireland such", "The Castle of Llyr sorceress Achren. Taran and companions including Prince Rhun set out to rescue her. The series was inspired by Welsh mythology and by the castles, scenery, and language of Wales, which the author experienced during World War II army combat intelligence training. All of the proper names in Prydain are historical or mythological. \"Isle of Mona\" is a version of \"Ynys Môn\", the Welsh name for the Isle of Anglesey, but that island is very close to the northwest point of mainland Wales, crossed by two highway bridges. In the author's words, the Prydain chronicles communicate \"the feeling, not the fact,", "Ynys Gaint occupied by the MOD, housing a Royal Naval Auxiliary Service (RNXS) unit until 1994. A quasi-military presence remains on the island in the form of an Army Cadet unit and the Maritime Volunteer Service. There are also two privately owned residential properties on Ynys Gaint. One of these had a portion of its garden designed by Sir Clough Williams-Ellis, of Portmeirion fame. Ynys Gaint Ynys Gaint is a small island in the Menai Strait connected to the town of Menai Bridge on Anglesey by a causeway (which still exists today) and also a concrete bridge erected by Sir William Fison", "Ynys Môn (Assembly constituency) August 2013. Plaid Cymru's candidate Rhun ap Iorwerth comfortably held the seat for the party with a majority of over 9000 votes. The constituency was created for the first election to the Assembly, in 1999, with the name and boundaries of the Ynys Môn Westminster constituency. It is entirely within the preserved county of Gwynedd. As created in 1999, the North Wales region includes the constituencies of Alyn and Deeside, Caernarfon, Clwyd West, Clwyd South, Conwy, Delyn, Vale of Clwyd, Wrexham and Ynys Môn. From the 2007 Assembly election the region included Aberconwy, Alyn and Deeside, Arfon, Clwyd South, Clwyd", "Elen Mon Wayne Elen Mon Wayne Elen Mon Wayne (born 26 March 1968 in Mydroilyn, West Wales) is a singer and actress. She studied at Aberaeron School, University of Wales, Aberystwyth and the Royal Northern College of Music. She is the recipient of a number of prestigious awards, including the Towyn Roberts Scholarship, the Brigitte Fassbaender award for Lieder and a Sir Peter Moores Scholarship. She studied with Ava June. Elen Môn Wayne has performed in opera, but most recently in Welsh television (Pobol y Cwm, Glanhafren) and on the stage in London's West End. She took part in the BBC TV live", "West Mouse to species such as hornwrack, sea squirts and conger eels. The island is part of a set of three spread out along the north coast of Anglesey. The other two islands are Ynys Amlwch and Ynys Badrig. The Welsh name \"Maen y Bugail\" translates into English as \"The Shepherd's Stone\". This comes from a folklore tale in which a shepherd who was looking for his sheep was annoyed by a stone in his shoe. He took the stone out and threw it into the sea, the island arising at the place in which it landed. West Mouse West Mouse (Welsh:", "Ynys Moelfre Ynys Moelfre Ynys Moelfre (or Moelfre Island) is a small island off the coast of Anglesey, Wales. At low tide it has a maximum length of 261 metres and a maximum width of 121 metres with a maximum area of . The nearest settlement to the island is the village of Moelfre, and the two are separated by a shallow channel called \"Y Swnt\" (The Strait or The Sound), which is never more than 194 metres wide and can at low tide only be waist-deep all the way across. At extreme low Spring tides, it is possible to walk across", "Culture of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages the reformation of bardic schools, and the continued development of \"Cyfraith Hywel\" (\"The Law of Hywel\", or Welsh law); all three of which further contributed to the development of a Welsh national identity in the face of Anglo-Norman and the threat of conquest by the Crown of England. Gwynedd's traditional territory included Anglesey (\"Ynys Môn\") and all of north Wales between the River Dyfi in the south and River Dee (\"Welsh Dyfrdwy\") in the northeast. The Irish Sea lies to the north and west, and lands formerly part of the Powys border the south-east. Gwynedd's strength was due in part", "North Wales (National Assembly for Wales electoral region) The Assembly constituencies have the names of constituencies of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (Westminster). For Westminster election purposes, however, there are no electoral regions, and constituency boundary changes became effective for the 2010 United Kingdom general election. The region is a mix of rural and urban areas, with the population higher in the east, where can be found the region's largest town, Wrexham, and the working-class conurbations of Deeside. The western areas, including the Isle of Anglesey (Ynys Mon), are largely rural. Although Anglesey and Gwynedd are home to large numbers of Welsh", "History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages All three of these further contributed to the development of a Welsh national identity in the face of Anglo-Norman . Gwynedd's traditional territory included Anglesey (\"Ynys Môn\") and all of north Wales between the River Dyfi in the south and River Dee (\"Welsh Dyfrdwy\") in the northeast. The Irish Sea (\"Môr Iwerddon\") lies to the north and west, and lands formerly part of the Powys border the south-east. Gwynedd's strength was due in part to the region's mountainous geography which made it difficult for foreign invaders to campaign in the country and impose their will effectively. Gwynedd emerged from the", "Ynys Môn (Assembly constituency) Ynys Môn (Assembly constituency) Ynys Môn (Anglesey) is a constituency of the National Assembly for Wales. It elects one Assembly Member by the first past the post method of election. Also, however, it is one of nine constituencies in the North Wales electoral region, which elects four additional members, in addition to nine constituency members, to produce a degree of proportional representation for the region as a whole. It was represented from 1999 by Ieuan Wyn Jones, the former leader of Plaid Cymru. Jones resigned from the Assembly on 20 June 2013, triggering a by-election, which was held on 1", "Ynys Gored Goch Ynys Gored Goch Ynys Gored Goch (\"Red Weir Island\"), sometimes Ynys Gorad Goch, is a small island in the Menai Strait between Gwynedd and Anglesey in north Wales. It is situated in the stretch of the strait called the Swellies between Thomas Telford's Menai Suspension Bridge and Robert Stephenson's Britannia Bridge. The island is occupied by the main house and the converted smoke house where locally caught fish were processed. The island is private property and access is only by boat. The earliest known document relating to the island dates from 1590 when it is listed as belonging to the", "Ynys Môn (Assembly constituency) West, Delyn, Vale of Clwyd, Wrexham and Ynys Môn. In elections for the National Assembly for Wales, each voter has two votes. The first vote may be used to vote for a candidate to become the Assembly Member for the voter's constituency, elected by the first past the post system. The second vote may be used to vote for a regional closed party list of candidates. Additional member seats are allocated from the lists by the d'Hondt method, with constituency results being taken into account in the allocation. Ynys Môn (Assembly constituency) Ynys Môn (Anglesey) is a constituency of the", "Principality of Wales the historic lands ruled by the Aberffraw family, lands in north Wales traditionally including Ynys Môn, Gwynedd-Uwch-Conwy (\"Gwynedd above the Conwy\", or \"Upper Gwynedd\"), and the Perfeddwlad (\"the Middle Country\") also known as Gwynedd-Is-Conwy (\"Gwynedd below the Conwy\", or \"Lower Gwynedd\"). Additional lands were acquired through vassalage or conquest, and by regaining lands lost to Marcher lords, particularly that of the Perfeddwlad, Powys Fadog, Powys Wenwynwyn, and Ceredigion. Previous Welsh rulers had styled themselves in a variety of ways, usually in relation to a certain patrimony like \"Lord of Ceredigion\" or \"King of Builth\". The most powerful were often referred", "Ynys Moelfre to the island on dry ground all the way. Due to its proximity to the mainland there are grasses found on the island and a few wild flowers. Species of birds that can be found on the island include gulls, terns, gannets, fulmars, and Great/Arctic skuas. A colony of seals live there and porpoises are occasionally seen also. There are, however, no man-made structures. It is referred to by some locals as \"Rat Island\". Ynys Moelfre Ynys Moelfre (or Moelfre Island) is a small island off the coast of Anglesey, Wales. At low tide it has a maximum length of" ]

[ "Ynys-hir RSPB reserve Ynys-hir RSPB reserve Ynys-hir RSPB reserve is a nature reserve of the RSPB situated beside the Dyfi estuary in Ceredigion, mid Wales between Aberystwyth and Machynlleth. The reserve covers 550 hectares and includes a variety of habitats extending inland from mudflats and salt marsh through farmland and pools to oak woodland and hillside scrub. Facilities include a small visitor centre and seven hides. Ynys-hir pronounced (ənɨ̞s-hir) according to the and meaning \"Long Island\" in Welsh. The name refers to a wooded ridge which was once surrounded by marshland. The area was a private estate until it was bought by the", "History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages fall, the war raged on ruthlessly. English forces sacked the Cistercian Monastery of Aberconwy (now Conwy Castle), almost directly opposite the Conwy River from Degannwy, and executed Welsh hostages, including the young son of Ednyfed Fychan. In retaliation, the Welsh hung and beheaded their captives. Irish mercenaries in Henry's service raided Ynys Mon destroying the harvest. By late October Henry retreated from Degannwy and returned to England, his campaign of 1245 a failure. But if Henry's campaign was a defeat, Dafydd's wasn’t a clear victory either, as Henry left behind a new castle at Degannwy which was- for Dafydd- a", "Honours of the Principality of Wales the Welsh rulers of the Kingdom of Gwynedd and other Welsh principalities have been lost. Llywelyn's coronet was seized by the king of England in 1284 and is known only to history. The fates of the coronets of the rulers of the other princely states, if they ever had them, are not known. The regalia were on display at the National Museum of Wales from 1974 until 2011 when they were put into storage at St James's Palace, London. Honours of the Principality of Wales The Honours of the Principality of Wales are the regalia used at the investiture of", "Bournville (Mon) Halt railway station Bournville (Mon) Halt railway station Bournville (Mon) Halt railway station was a station which served Ty'r-Cecil near Blaina Abertillery in the Welsh county of Monmouthshire. The halt was opened by the Great Western Railway in July 1897 as an untimetabled station known as \"Tylers Arms Platform\" for the use of miners. The name was taken from the public house situated just to the north. It was on the Great Western's branch from to which had first opened as a tramroad in 1824 by the Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company before being converted to a railway in 1855. It became part", "Ynys Hafod, Henllys & Min Yr Afon, Usk in 1921 that the Welsh names for the houses were of recent origin. The grotesques at the side of the front door at Ynys Hafod reputedly come from the Palace of Westminster. The buildings have separate CADW designations, and separate Grade II* listings. Ynys Hafod, Henllys & Min Yr Afon, Usk Ynys Hafod, Henllys and Min Yr Afon, New Market Street, Usk, Monmouthshire, are three houses forming a continuous range in the centre of the town. Each house is a Grade II* listed building. The architectural historian John Newman describes New Market Street as; \"the most attractive street in the", "Prydain Pictland was \"Prydyn\", which caused some confusion in the texts with \"Prydain\". In Middle Welsh texts, the related term \"Ynys Prydein\" (Island of Britain), or \"Ynys Brydein\", can also refer to the island (\"ynys\") itself but more often is a name for the Brittonic territories south of Caledonia. It is in this context that the name of the collection of traditional material arranged in triads known as \"Trioedd Ynys Prydein\" should be understood. In modern Welsh \"ynys\" means 'island', but in Middle Welsh it can also mean 'land' or 'realm' (cf. Latin \"insula\"). There are numerous other instances of the", "Principality of Wales of the Principality of Wales, rather than from the Crown directly, but were, for all practical purposes, not part of the principality. The Statute of Rhuddlan introduced English common law to the principality, albeit with some local variation. Criminal law became entirely based on common law: the Statute stated that \"in thefts, larcenies, burnings, murders, manslaughters and manifest and notorious robberies — we will that they shall use the laws of England\". However, Welsh law continued to be used in civil cases such as land inheritance, contracts, sureties and similar matters, though with changes, for example illegitimate sons could no", "President of the Principality of Asturias part of the General Junta of the Principality of Asturias and both buildings are connected by an underground passage. The building was formerly the seat of the Bank of Spain in Oviedo until 1982 The Principality of Asturias acquired the building 1982 and reformed it for its current use between 1983 and 1985. President of the Principality of Asturias The President of the Principality of Asturias is the head of government of the Spanish autonomous community of Asturias. The President is chosen by the General Junta of the Principality of Asturias, regional parliamentary institution. The President is elected after the", "History of Plaid Cymru The foundation of \"Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg\" allowed for \"Plaid Cymru\" to focus on electoral politics, while the \"Cymdeithas\" focused on promoting the language. Lewis gave his radio speech responding to the 1961 census, which showed a decrease in the number of Welsh speakers from 36% in 1931 to 26%, out of a population of about 2.5 million. In the census; Merionnydd, Ynys Mon, Carmarthen, and Caernarfon averaged 75% concentration of Welsh speakers, with the most significant decrease in the counties of Glamorgan, Flint, and Pembroke. Responding on the calls of Welsh devolution, in 1964 the Labour Government gave effect", "Medieval Welsh literature few remnants suggest the wealth of that tradition. Amongst the most important are \"Trioedd Ynys Prydain\", or the Welsh Triads, a compendium of mnemonics for poets and storytellers. The stories that have survived are literary compositions based on oral tradition. In the Middle Ages Welsh was used for all sorts of purposes and this is reflected in the type of prose materials that has survived from this period: original material and translations, tales and facts, religious and legal, history and medicine. The name \"Mabinogion\" is a convenient label for a collection of tales preserved in two manuscripts known as the", "Principality of Wales fulling mill and the horse collar (which doubled the efficiency of horse-power). The principality traded cattle, skins, cheese, timber, horses, wax, dogs, hawks, and fleeces, but also flannel (with the growth of fulling mills). Flannel was second only to cattle among the principality's exports. In exchange, the principality imported salt, wine, wheat, and other luxuries from London and Paris. But most importantly for the defence of the principality, iron and specialised weaponry were also imported. Welsh dependence on foreign imports was a tool that England used to wear down the principality during times of conflict between the two countries. The", "Conwy (UK Parliament constituency) include Colwyn Bay (or outlying Rhos-on-Sea), which forms part of a coastal conurbation (and the Conwy county borough) with Llandudno and its outlying town of Penrhyn Bay—both in the constituency; this area comes under the constituency of Clwyd West to the east. Nor did it include the town of Caernarfon—just southwest of Bangor—which was in a constituency of the same name. The constituency was also bordered by Meirionnydd Nant Conwy to the south, and the insular constituency of Ynys Mon to the west. Following the decisions of the Welsh Boundary Commission, the Conwy seat was significantly altered, forming the base", "Governorates of the Grand Principality of Finland to have the old name restored. The new name remained official until 1917, but colloquially the old name continued in use. After being a part of Sweden for seven centuries, the first half century of Finland as a Russian Grand Grand Principality meant a period of consolidation into the Russian Empire, where the authorities managed to convince the imperial court of the loyalty of the Finnish population and the officials to Russia. This resulted in the re-establishment of the Diet of Finland and an increased autonomy, an example of which was the elevation of Finnish from a language for the", "Principality of the Pindus (and Epirus, and West Macedonia), it was mentioned as an intention of Diamandi to create a semi-independent entity by the name \"Principality of the Pindus\" or \"Independent State of Pindos\" or \"Canton\". The \"Legion\" was never able to assert itself over the Vlachs whom it supposedly represented, nor over the local population until its \"de facto\" disbandment in 1943 due to the activity of the Greek Resistance and the Italian capitulation, leaving them without real support from the German command. In other sources, no name is assigned to the events of 1917 in Pindus. The name \"Principality of the Pindus\"", "Principality of the Pindus Principality of the Pindus The name Principality of the Pindus (; ; ) is used in literature to describe the attempt to create an autonomous canton under the protection of Italy at the end of World War I, in July and August 1917, from Vlach-speaking population of Samarina and other villages of the Pindus mountains of Northern Greece during the short period of occupation by Italy of the district of Gjirokastra and regions of Epirus. The attempt was not successful and no such principality was ever formed. A declaration was made after the arrival of Italian troops in Samarina. In", "The Summer of the Danes similar to a heavily stressed English \"th\" as in \"this\", as in Gwynedd (gwin eth) or Heledd (hell eth). Y is a vowel, either unstressed as in Hywel ab Owain (hah well ab oh wine) or Ynys (inn is), or sounding like ee as in Bledri ap Rhys (bled ree ap reese) or Llanelwy (lan ell wee). G is the hard sound, as the place name Ceredigion (kare uh dig ee on). TH is sounded similarly to English 'think' or 'three', as in Deheubarth (de hay barth) the southern principality in the 12th century. Words of more than one syllable", "Principality of Wales the empire to the Kingdom of Scotland. Its existence has been seen as proof that all the elements necessary for the growth of Welsh statehood were in place. The period of \"de facto\" independence ended with Edward I's conquest of the Principality between 1277 and 1283. Under the Statute of Rhuddlan the Principality lost its independence and became effectively an annexed territory of the English crown. From 1301, the crown's lands in north and west Wales formed part of the appanage of England's heir apparent, with the title \"Prince of Wales\". On accession of the Prince to the English throne,", "History of Plaid Cymru resignation of Elis-Thomas. Ieuan Wyn Jones captured Ynys Mon from the Conservatives in 1987. The 1991 census revealed that the decline in the number of Welsh speakers was arrested, and remained at the 1981 levels of 18.7% in a Welsh population of over 2.8 million. Gwynedd retained the highest concentration of Welsh speakers with 61%, followed by Powys, Clwyd, and Dyfed averaging in the mid-twenty percentile. After the 1997 general election, the new Labour Government argued that an Assembly would be more democratically accountable than the Welsh Office, echoing calls for self-government since 1918. For eleven years prior to 1997", "Welsh Premier Division to the league being extended to 12 teams with Bridgend and Carmarthen included. Tonmawr, citing financial reasons, opted not to take part in the new league at all and re-entered themselves into Division Six. Pontypool launched a legal challenge to avoid being the only team relegated but lost the case. Welsh Premier Division The Welsh Premier Division () known for sponsorship reasons as the Principality Premiership (\"Uwch Gynghrair Principality\") is a rugby union league in Wales first implemented by the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) for the 1990–91 season. For the 1999-2000, 2000–01 and 2001–02 seasons, it was reformatted as the", "Place name origins coast of Wales, where English has historically been more widely spoken, many place names are commonly anglicized, such as Pontypool, derived from \"Pont-y-Pŵl\". Many places throughout Wales have alternative names in English unrelated to the name in Welsh, for example, Newport (where the Welsh name \"Casnewydd\" means \"New Castle\") and Swansea (derived from the Norse meaning \"Svein's island\") for the Welsh \"Abertawe\" (Mouth of the River Tawe. In some cases these are in fact related to their Welsh name, but disguised through linguistic processes of mutation, for example Monmouth and the Welsh \"Trefynwy\" both referring to the River Monnow (Mon-", "Ynys Dulas shelf of seabed about 1.5 km long reaches out a little beyond Garreg Allan, meaning that the sea around it is no more than 5 metres deep. This is followed by a drop to water much deeper (over 20 metres deep), which indicates that Ynys Dulas may have been part of a recently (geologically speaking) submerged headland. The island also marks the termination of an old limestone headland which geologically separated Dulas Bay from Lligwy Bay and Red Wharf Bay. The island has a rescue tower that once stored food and provided shelter for shipwrecked seamen. The cylindrical, stone-cone shaped", "Principality of Trinidad Principality of Trinidad The Principality of Trinidad was a short-lived unrecognized state declared in 1893 when the American James Harden-Hickey claimed the uninhabited Trindade Island in the South Atlantic. He declared himself James I, Prince of Trinidad, and intended for the islands to become a military dictatorship under his leadership. Britain and Brazil later argued over the territory, and it is now a part of the state of Espírito Santo in southeastern Brazil. The original name of the island, \"Trindade\", is Portuguese for \"trinity\"; \"Trinidad\" is the Spanish cognate. It is unclear why Harden-Hickley chose to translate the name from", "Rhun (Welsh given name) the North. Rhun, son of Maelgwn, appears in two of the medieval Welsh Triads, as one of the 'Fair Princes of the Isle of Britain', and as one of the 'Golden-banded Ones of the Isle of Britain'. Rhûn also appears as a realm in the East of the map in J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings Rhun (Welsh given name) Rhun is a Welsh Masculine given name meaning \"Great, Mighty\". Variants of the name are; Rhûn, Rhyn and Rhŷn. One origin of the name appears to start from the Welsh names for Rome and", "Principality of Calenberg period under Eric I and his son, Eric II, however, the name \"Principality of Calenberg-Göttingen\" was also used a lot. The principality had separate parliamentary Estates and separate councils for each part. The chancellery for \"Unterwald\" was established in Neustadt on Rübenberge and that for \"Oberwald\" in Münden. There were also separate residences, lordly castles or manor houses and palaces in each town as well as separate repositories for their records. Under Eric I, Calenberg Castle was expanded into a strong fortress. Another heavily fortified castle, which he had built, was the Erichsburg near Dassel on which construction began in", "History of Plaid Cymru and socialism and promoted what he called \"perchentyaeth;\" a policy of 'distributing property among the masses. Broadcasting campaigns and 1931 Census With the advent of broadcasting in Wales, \"Plaid Genedlaethol Cymru\" protested the lack of Welsh-language programmes in Wales and launched a campaign to withhold licence fees. Pressure was successful, and by the mid-1930s more Welsh-language programming was broadcast, with the formal establishment of a Welsh regional broadcasting channel by 1937. According to the 1931 census, out of a population of just over 2.5 million, the percentage of Welsh speakers in Wales dropped to 36.8%, with Ynys Mon recording the", "Principality Building Society new company called Nemo Personal Finance Ltd. In the same year as launching Nemo Loans, Principality revamped its image. It won the 2005 'Business of the Year' award for Wales and the West Country. The assets of the group increased to £4.4bn in the same year and to £6.7bn in 2012. Principality Building Society The Principality Building Society, (), is a Welsh building society based in Cardiff, the capital of Wales. With assets of £8bn it is the largest building society in Wales and the sixth largest in the United Kingdom. Principality Building Society is mutual, which means it is", "Mon, India present day Mon town. Zunheboto Dimapur Kohima Mon, India Mon (Pron:/mɒn/) is a town and a town area committee in Mon district in the Indian state of Nagaland. This district (Mon) is also known for Headhunting as it was practised in historic times. Now a denoted name is given as \"Land of Anghs\" (\"Which means land ruled by Kings)\" Mon is located at . It has an average elevation of 655 metres (2,148 feet). It is situated at an altitude of 2,945 ft (898 m) above sea level. It is at a distance of 357 km from Kohima via Dimapur", "Rhun (Welsh given name) Rhun (Welsh given name) Rhun is a Welsh Masculine given name meaning \"Great, Mighty\". Variants of the name are; Rhûn, Rhyn and Rhŷn. One origin of the name appears to start from the Welsh names for Rome and Roman (as a person), \"Rhufain\" and \"Rhufon\", leading to \"Rhun\" as \"the proper name of a man\" and \"Rhyon\" as a soldier. The story of The Dream of Rhonabwy in the 12th century Red Book of Hergest is a prose literary tale where the main character travels to the time of King Arthur in a dream. There he sees the famous men", "Isle of Wight The oldest records that give a name for the Isle of Wight are from the Roman Empire: it was then called \"Vectis\" or \"Vecta\" in Latin, \"Iktis\" or \"Ouiktis\" in Greek. From the Anglo-Saxon period Latin \"Vecta\", Old English \"Wiht\" and Old Welsh forms \"Gueid\" and \"Guith\" are recorded. In Domesday Book it is \"Wit\"; the modern Welsh name is \"Ynys Wyth\" (\"ynys\" = island). These are all variant forms of the same name, possibly Celtic in origin. It may mean \"place of the division\", because the island divides the two arms of the Solent. The Isle of Wight is", "Statute of Autonomy of the Principality of Asturias It would be approved on 15 December 1981. The Organic Law 7/1981, of the Statute of Autonomy for Asturias was published in the BOE on 30 December 1981. In 1999, it changed the name from \"Statute of Autonomy for Asturias\" to \"Statute of Autonomy of the Principality of Asturias\". Statute of Autonomy of the Principality of Asturias The Statute of Autonomy of the Principality of Asturias is a Spanish Organic Law that determines the fields, bodies and institutions of self-government of the Asturian autonomous community. On 1 June 1979, the political parties represented in the Deputation of Oviedo (UCD, PSOE,", "Principality of the Pindus Italy, were a masquerade by a minority movement seeking political and economic revenge\". From mid-1942 on, the armed Greek Resistance also made its presence felt, fighting against the Italians and their collaborators and the leader of the Legionnaires, Diamandi, left for Romania in 1942, to be followed by his second in command and successor Nicolaos Matussis in 1943. Whatever authority the Legion exercised, it practically ceased to exist after the Italian capitulation in September 1943, when the control of Central Greece was taken over by the German army. Principality of the Pindus The name Principality of the Pindus (; ;", "Mon (emblem) are not recognized by law. One of the best known examples of a \"mon\" serving as a corporate logo is that of Mitsubishi, a name meaning \"three lozenges\" (occasionally translated as \"three buffalo nuts\"), which are represented as rhombuses. Another example of corporate use is the logo for the famous soy sauce maker Kikkoman, which uses the family \"mon\" of the founder, and finally, the logo of music instrument/equipment and motorcycle builder Yamaha, which shows three tuning forks interlocked into the shape of a capital \"Y\" in reference to both their name and the origin of the company. Japanese mon", "Governorates of the Grand Principality of Finland of Finland. Governorates of the Grand Principality of Finland The governorates of the Grand Principality of Finland were the administrative division of the Grand Principality of Finland as part of the Russian Empire from 1809 to 1917. The administrative division of Finland followed the Russian imperial model with governorates (, , ) headed by governors. However few changes were made and as the language of the administrators was still Swedish the old terminology from during the Swedish time continued in local use. The Vyborg Governorate was not initially part of the Grand Principality, but in 1812 it was transferred from", "Governorates of the Grand Principality of Finland Governorates of the Grand Principality of Finland The governorates of the Grand Principality of Finland were the administrative division of the Grand Principality of Finland as part of the Russian Empire from 1809 to 1917. The administrative division of Finland followed the Russian imperial model with governorates (, , ) headed by governors. However few changes were made and as the language of the administrators was still Swedish the old terminology from during the Swedish time continued in local use. The Vyborg Governorate was not initially part of the Grand Principality, but in 1812 it was transferred from Russia proper", "Principality of Wales scrapping the title altogether. The Honours of the Principality of Wales are the Crown Jewels used at the investiture of Princes of Wales. Principality of Wales The Principality of Wales () existed between 1216 and 1536, encompassing two-thirds of modern Wales during its height between 1267 and 1277. For most of its history it was \"annexed and united\" to the English Crown except for its earliest few decades. However, for a few generations, specifically the period from its foundation in 1216 to Edward I's completion of the conquest of Wales in 1284, it was \"de facto\" independent under a Welsh", "Principality of Wales Principality of Wales The Principality of Wales () existed between 1216 and 1536, encompassing two-thirds of modern Wales during its height between 1267 and 1277. For most of its history it was \"annexed and united\" to the English Crown except for its earliest few decades. However, for a few generations, specifically the period from its foundation in 1216 to Edward I's completion of the conquest of Wales in 1284, it was \"de facto\" independent under a Welsh Prince of Wales, albeit one who swore fealty to the King of England. The Principality was formally founded in 1216 at the Council", "Mon, India Mon, India Mon (Pron:/mɒn/) is a town and a town area committee in Mon district in the Indian state of Nagaland. This district (Mon) is also known for Headhunting as it was practised in historic times. Now a denoted name is given as \"Land of Anghs\" (\"Which means land ruled by Kings)\" Mon is located at . It has an average elevation of 655 metres (2,148 feet). It is situated at an altitude of 2,945 ft (898 m) above sea level. It is at a distance of 357 km from Kohima via Dimapur and 280 km from Dimapur, 275 km", "Principality of Wales the lands and title became merged with the Crown again. On two occasions Welsh claimants to the title rose up in rebellion during this period, although neither ultimately succeeded. Since the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542, which formally incorporated all of Wales within the Kingdom of England, there has been no geographical or constitutional basis for describing any of the territory of Wales as a principality, although the term has occasionally been used in an informal sense to describe the country, and in relation to the honorary title of Prince of Wales. The 13th-century Principality of Wales was based on", "2016–17 Principality Premiership tiers to total 22 games over the entire season. After these 7 rounds, a play-off system is implemented for the top 4 teams of each tier respectively. The winners of the play-offs for Tier One are crowned 2016–17 Principality Premiership champions. 2016–17 Principality Premiership The 2016–17 Principality Premiership was the first season of the new format of the Principality Premiership, the top tier of club rugby in Wales run by the Welsh Rugby Union. It was contested by sixteen Welsh clubs following an expansion from twelve teams. The next two seasons will be \"ring-fenced\" and will have no relegation until", "Principality of Toropets Principality of Toropets Principality of Toropets () was a Russian principality or duchy, which existed between 1167 and the 14th century. It was established as a principality dependent on the Principality of Smolensk and was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The capital of the principality was Toropets. In terms of modern administrative division of Russia, the area of the principality is split between Tver (western part), Pskov and Novgorod (southern parts) Oblasts. Toropets was first mentioned in chronicles in 1074, when it belonged to the Principality of Smolensk and was the second important town of the principality. Before", "Locations in the United States with a Welsh name are included here. Locations in the United States with a Welsh name This is list of locations in the United States named after places in Wales. A number of places in the U.S have been named after places in Wales by Welsh settlers and explorers. and are mainly in the 13 eastern states which used to be the Thirteen Colonies in the British Empire. A number of US towns such as Newport and Newtown maybe named after the similarly names Welsh towns or may have been named solely because of their location. Only those places where there is an evidential", "Locations in the United States with a Welsh name Locations in the United States with a Welsh name This is list of locations in the United States named after places in Wales. A number of places in the U.S have been named after places in Wales by Welsh settlers and explorers. and are mainly in the 13 eastern states which used to be the Thirteen Colonies in the British Empire. A number of US towns such as Newport and Newtown maybe named after the similarly names Welsh towns or may have been named solely because of their location. Only those places where there is an evidential link with Wales", "Mon Chéri Mon Chéri Mon Chéri is an internationally known brand name of the Italian Ferrero company for a chocolate confectionery. The phrase \"mon chéri\" is French for \"my darling\". The \"Mon Chéri\" is a single-wrapped combination consisting of a \"heart\" of cherry (18%) floating in a liqueur (13%) and contained in a bittersweet chocolate housing (69%). Each praline contains 46 calories and is packaged in a red/pink wrapper. \"Mon Chéri\" appeared for the first time in Italy in 1956. From 1960 it was produced and marketed on the French and UK markets, and from 1961 on the German market. The name", "Principality Building Society Principality Building Society The Principality Building Society, (), is a Welsh building society based in Cardiff, the capital of Wales. With assets of £8bn it is the largest building society in Wales and the sixth largest in the United Kingdom. Principality Building Society is mutual, which means it is owned by its members rather than shareholders. It serves clients through the internet and telephone as well as at high street branches. It is a member of the Building Societies Association. It was founded in 1860 in Cardiff by William Sanders as a mutual building society. In 1914 the Principality Buildings", "Alejandro Mon y Menéndez Alejandro Mon y Menéndez Alejandro Mon y Menéndez (26 February 1801 in Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain – 1 November 1882) was a Spanish politician and jurist who served as Prime Minister of Spain in 1864, during the reign of Queen Isabella II. Mon was born in Oviedo and was the eldest son of Miguel Mon y Miranda and Francisca Menéndez y de la Torre. His only sister, Manuela, was married to the Asturian Pedro José Pidal, 1st Marquis of Pidal, another prominent politician who served several times as Prime Minister. He studied Law in the University of Oviedo, where", "Alejandro Mon y Menéndez retired to his hometown, Oviedo, where he died in 1882. Alejandro Mon y Menéndez Alejandro Mon y Menéndez (26 February 1801 in Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain – 1 November 1882) was a Spanish politician and jurist who served as Prime Minister of Spain in 1864, during the reign of Queen Isabella II. Mon was born in Oviedo and was the eldest son of Miguel Mon y Miranda and Francisca Menéndez y de la Torre. His only sister, Manuela, was married to the Asturian Pedro José Pidal, 1st Marquis of Pidal, another prominent politician who served several times as Prime", "Principality of Orange-Nassau Principality of Orange-Nassau Orange-Nassau, also known as Nassau-Orange ( or \"Nassau-Oranien\"), was a principality which was part of the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle within the Holy Roman Empire. It existed under this name between 1702 and 1815. The territory of the former state of Orange-Nassau is now part of Germany. It was ruled by the House of Orange-Nassau. In 1702, the first House of Orange-Nassau became extinct with the death of William III, Prince of Orange, the Stadtholder in the Netherlands and King of England, Scotland and Ireland. John William Friso, Prince of Nassau-Dietz inherited the title \"Prince of Orange\" from", "Mon Chéri was chosen as a reference to the French way of life and was quickly adopted as brand name for the international market. For the American market \"Mon Chéri\" was actually filled with hazelnuts and did not contain liqueur, similar to the \"Ferrero Küsschen\" that are sold in Germany and Denmark. After more than 20 years this variety was discontinued, except in Puerto Rico where it is imported from Germany as \"Mon Cheri.\" Most other markets still sell the cherry-filled \"Mon Chéri\". Mon Chéri Mon Chéri is an internationally known brand name of the Italian Ferrero company for a chocolate confectionery.", "Welsh Premier Division Welsh Premier Division The Welsh Premier Division () known for sponsorship reasons as the Principality Premiership (\"Uwch Gynghrair Principality\") is a rugby union league in Wales first implemented by the Welsh Rugby Union (WRU) for the 1990–91 season. For the 1999-2000, 2000–01 and 2001–02 seasons, it was reformatted as the Welsh-Scottish League with the addition of Edinburgh and Glasgow alongside the Welsh teams; and run jointly by the Scottish Rugby Union and the Welsh Rugby Union. Originally at the top tier of rugby in Wales, the league lost this status in 2003 with the implementation of the WRU's \"Regional Rugby\"", "Principality of Calenberg Principality of Calenberg The Principality of Calenberg was a dynastic division of the Welf duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg established in 1432. Calenberg was ruled by the House of Hanover from 1635 onwards; the princes received the ninth electoral dignity of the Holy Roman Empire in 1692. Their territory became the nucleus of the Electorate of Hanover, ruled in personal union with the Kingdom of Great Britain from 1714 onwards. The principality received its name from Calenberg Castle, a residence of the Brunswick dukes. When Duke Eric I of Brunswick-Lüneburg chose the Principality of Calenberg as his part of the inheritance in", "General Junta of the Principality of Asturias in Oviedo. The election is in three electoral districts. 34 members are returned for the Central district, which contains Avilés, Gijón and Oviedo, the three largest municipalities, and in total represents 888,293 people in 2010. Six members are returned for the Western district (121,903 people) and five for the Eastern district (73,511 people). A threshold of the 3% is established for having any seats. The President of the General Junta of the Principality of Asturias is the presiding officer of that legislature. General Junta of the Principality of Asturias The General Junta of the Principality of Asturias (in Spanish: \"Junta", "Barry Welsh is Coming This episode won the 2005 Bafta Cymru award for Best Light Entertainment. As part of ITV Wales's Welsh assembly election coverage, Hugh Pugh presents coverage of the Fishguard mayoral election in which Mayor of Fishguard Mr. Kenny Twat stood for election against rival candidates Barry Welsh and Geraint Pillock. The manic Fishguard reporter focuses on the build-up to the 2007 Rugby World Cup. A special Christmas episode looking back at the highlights from ten years of spoof news bulletins and reports from Fishguard reporter, Hugh Pugh. Barry Welsh is Coming Barry Welsh is Coming was a sketch show produced by", "Official Bulletin of the Principality of Andorra Official Bulletin of the Principality of Andorra will exclusively publish: Documents will be published in the order specified above. The Official Bulletins of the Principality will normally be published twice a week. In the event of an urgent need, the bulletin will be published more frequently. In addition to the directives listed in numbers 1 to 4 of Article A, the following documents will be published free of charge: The documents published in the official Bulletin of the Principality of Andorra can be reproduced, totally or in part, in newspapers and other publications, whenever it is appropriate to quote or", "Mon Mon Mon Monsters classmates burning in the background. Mon Mon Mon Monsters Mon Mon Mon Monsters is a 2017 Taiwanese horror-comedy film written, directed and co-produced by Giddens Ko. It premiered as the closing film for the 41st Hong Kong International Film Festival in April 2017, and was released in theaters on July 28, 2017. Unjustly accused of stealing money, Lin Shu-wei is assigned to do community service alongside the bullies from class. As the gang of bullies progressively accept him as one of their own, Lin partakes in their misdeeds to seek their approval. During a night out, the group stumble upon", "Principality of Orange-Nassau of the principality to the Duchy of Nassau (thereby uniting the areas of the Ottonian Line and the Walram Line of the House of Nassau). Only Siegen remained with Prussia. In 1815, the prince became the new King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg with the name of William I of the Netherlands. To this day, the Netherlands are ruled by descendants of the House of Orange-Nassau. Principality of Orange-Nassau Orange-Nassau, also known as Nassau-Orange ( or \"Nassau-Oranien\"), was a principality which was part of the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle within the Holy Roman Empire. It existed under this", "Mon Mon Mon Monsters Mon Mon Mon Monsters Mon Mon Mon Monsters is a 2017 Taiwanese horror-comedy film written, directed and co-produced by Giddens Ko. It premiered as the closing film for the 41st Hong Kong International Film Festival in April 2017, and was released in theaters on July 28, 2017. Unjustly accused of stealing money, Lin Shu-wei is assigned to do community service alongside the bullies from class. As the gang of bullies progressively accept him as one of their own, Lin partakes in their misdeeds to seek their approval. During a night out, the group stumble upon a pair of flesh-eating female", "2018–19 Principality Premiership be in next season's Premiership. The play-off will be a one-off at a neutral venue. The winner will be promoted to the Premiership whilst the loser will be relegated to the Championship. 2018–19 Principality Premiership The 2018–19 Principality Premiership is the third season of the new format of the Principality Premiership, the top tier of club rugby in Wales run by the Welsh Rugby Union. It is contested by sixteen Welsh clubs following an expansion from twelve teams at the start of the 2016–17 season. This season sees the end of \"ring-fencing\" and relegation returns for this season with four,", "2018–19 Principality Premiership 2018–19 Principality Premiership The 2018–19 Principality Premiership is the third season of the new format of the Principality Premiership, the top tier of club rugby in Wales run by the Welsh Rugby Union. It is contested by sixteen Welsh clubs following an expansion from twelve teams at the start of the 2016–17 season. This season sees the end of \"ring-fencing\" and relegation returns for this season with four, possibly five, teams being relegated to the 2019–20 WRU Championship. The structure this year has reverted to a traditional league. Each team will play each other team on a home and away", "Welsh peers and baronets Welsh peers and baronets This is an index of Welsh peers and baronets whose primary peerage, life peerage, and baronetcy titles include a Welsh place-name origin or its territorial qualification is within the historic counties of Wales. Welsh-titled peers derive their titles from a variety of sources. After Llywelyn ap Gruffudd of the House of Aberffraw, the last Welsh Prince of Wales, was killed during the Edwardian Conquest in 1282, the Principality of Wales was divided into English-style counties. Many of the former native titles were abolished, but some of the native Welsh lords were given English titles in exchange", "2017–18 Principality Premiership 2017–18 Principality Premiership The 2017–18 Principality Premiership was the second season of the new format of the Principality Premiership, the top tier of club rugby in Wales run by the Welsh Rugby Union. It was contested by sixteen Welsh clubs following an expansion from twelve teams at the start of the 2016–17 season. This season will be \"ring-fenced\" and relegation will return at the end of the 2018–19 season. The competition was won by Merthyr for the second consecutive year; this season also marked a \"double\" for Merthyr as they also won the 2017–18 WRU National Cup. The Principality Premiership's", "Principality of Göttingen Principality of Göttingen The Principality of Göttingen () was a subdivision of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the Holy Roman Empire, with Göttingen as its capital. It was split off from the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in 1286 in the course of an estate division among members of the ruling House of Welf. In 1495 the Göttingen lands were incorporated as integral part of the newly established Brunswick Principality of Calenberg, with which they stayed united until the territory was merged into the Electorate of Hanover. The principality covered the southern part of the Welf domains in the former Duchy of", "Principality of Wales of Gruffydd ap Cynan\" attributes Gruffydd I as reforming the orders of bards and musicians; Welsh literature demonstrated \"vigor and a sense of commitment\" as new ideas reached Wales, even in \"the wake of the invaders\", according to historian John Davies. Contacts with continental Europe \"sharpened Welsh pride\", wrote Davies in his \"History of Wales\". The increase in the Welsh population, especially in the lands of the principality, allowed for a greater diversification of the economy. The Meirionnydd tax rolls give evidence to the thirty-seven various professions present in Meirionnydd directly before the conquest. Of these professions, there were eight", "Mon district and Chindwin on a clear day. There is a waterfall on the precincts of this peak and this area is also considered as one of the best locations in the whole of Konyak countryside. Naganimora, the name of the town is derived from the words \"Naga Rani Mora\", which mean \"the burial place of the Naga queen\". Formerly known as Lakhan, Naganimora is a subdivision in Mon district under an Additional Deputy Commissioner. Mon district Mon (Pron:/mɒn/) is a district of Nagaland state in India. Mon district is the northernmost district of Nagaland. It is bounded by the state of", "History of Gwynedd during the High Middle Ages of the principality in the 13th century was proof that all the elements necessary for the growth of Welsh statehood independent of England were in place. As part of the Principality of Wales, Gwynedd would retain Welsh laws and customs and home rule until the Edwardian Conquest of Wales of 1282. \"See also \" The latter part of the 10th century, and the whole of the 11th century, was an exceptionally tumultuous period for the \"Gwyneddwyr\", Gwynedd's Welsh populace. Deheubarth's ruler Maredudd ab Owain deposed Gwynedd's ruler Cadwallon ab Ieuaf of the House of Aberffraw in 986, annexing Gwynedd to", "Name of Ukraine Siversk Principalities, Kiev Principality, Pereyaslav Principality and the most part of the Volyn Principality) were sometimes called Lithuanian Ukraina, while lands that became part of Poland (Halych Principality and part of the Volyn Principality) were called Polish Ukraina. Pivtorak argues that \"Ukraine\" had been used as a term for their own territory by the Ukrainian Cossacks of the Zaporozhian Sich since the 16th century, and that the conflation with \"okraina\" \"borderlands\" was a creation of tsarist Russia. which has been countered by other historical sources. Ukraine is one of the few English country names traditionally used with the definite article," ]

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[ "In association football, teams such as Manchester United, Bayern Munich, Liverpool, Arsenal, Toronto FC, and S.L. Benfica primarily wear red jerseys. Other teams that prominently feature red on their kits include A.C. Milan (nicknamed i rossoneri for their red and black shirts), AFC Ajax, Olympiacos, River Plate, Atlético Madrid, and Flamengo. A red penalty card is issued to a player who commits a serious infraction: the player is immediately disqualified from further play and his team must continue with one less player for the game's duration." ]

[ "When Nintendo released the NES in the US, the design styling was deliberately different from that of other game consoles. Nintendo wanted to distinguish its product from those of competitors and to avoid the generally poor reputation that game consoles had acquired following the video game crash of 1983. One result of this philosophy was to disguise the cartridge slot design as a front-loading zero insertion force (ZIF) cartridge socket, designed to resemble the front-loading mechanism of a VCR. The newly designed connector worked quite well when both the connector and the cartridges were clean and the pins on the connector were new. Unfortunately, the ZIF connector was not truly zero insertion force. When a user inserted the cartridge into the NES, the force of pressing the cartridge down and into place bent the contact pins slightly, as well as pressing the cartridge’s ROM board back into the cartridge itself. Frequent insertion and removal of cartridges caused the pins to wear out from repeated usage over the years and the ZIF design proved more prone to interference by dirt and dust than an industry-standard card edge connector. These design issues were not alleviated by Nintendo’s choice of materials; the console slot nickel connector springs would wear due to design and the game cartridge copper connectors were also prone to tarnishing. Many players would try to alleviate issues in the game caused by this corrosion by blowing into the cartridges, then reinserting them, which actually hurt the copper connectors by speeding up the tarnishing.", "On August 18, 1970, the NAACP filed suit against Michigan state officials, including Governor William Milliken, charging de facto public school segregation. The NAACP argued that although schools were not legally segregated, the city of Detroit and its surrounding counties had enacted policies to maintain racial segregation in public schools. The NAACP also suggested a direct relationship between unfair housing practices and educational segregation, which followed segregated neighborhoods. The District Court held all levels of government accountable for the segregation in its ruling. The Sixth Circuit Court affirmed some of the decision, holding that it was the state's responsibility to integrate across the segregated metropolitan area. The U.S. Supreme Court took up the case February 27, 1974. The subsequent Milliken v. Bradley decision had wide national influence. In a narrow decision, the Court found that schools were a subject of local control and that suburbs could not be forced to solve problems in the city's school district.", "The Supermarine Spitfire was designed and developed in Southampton, evolving from the Schneider trophy-winning seaplanes of the 1920s and 1930s. Its designer, R J Mitchell, lived in the Portswood area of Southampton, and his house is today marked with a blue plaque. Heavy bombing of the factory in September 1940 destroyed it as well as homes in the vicinity, killing civilians and workers. World War II hit Southampton particularly hard because of its strategic importance as a major commercial port and industrial area. Prior to the Invasion of Europe, components for a Mulberry harbour were built here. After D-Day, Southampton docks handled military cargo to help keep the Allied forces supplied, making it a key target of Luftwaffe bombing raids until late 1944. Southampton docks was featured in the television show 24: Live Another Day in Day 9: 9:00 p.m. – 10:00 p.m.", "The organizational structure as shown above is responsible for the peacetime organization, equipping, and training of aerospace units for operational missions. When required to support operational missions, the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) directs the Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF) to execute a Change in Operational Control (CHOP) of these units from their administrative alignment to the operational command of a Regional Combatant Commander (CCDR). In the case of AFSPC, AFSOC, PACAF, and USAFE units, forces are normally employed in-place under their existing CCDR. Likewise, AMC forces operating in support roles retain their componency to USTRANSCOM unless chopped to a Regional CCDR.", "The vocabulary (mainly abstract and literary words), principles of word formations, and, to some extent, inflections and literary style of Russian have been also influenced by Church Slavonic, a developed and partly russified form of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic language used by the Russian Orthodox Church. However, the East Slavic forms have tended to be used exclusively in the various dialects that are experiencing a rapid decline. In some cases, both the East Slavic and the Church Slavonic forms are in use, with many different meanings. For details, see Russian phonology and History of the Russian language.", "For maximum life, capacitors usually need to be able to handle the maximum amount of reversal that a system will experience. An AC circuit will experience 100% voltage reversal, while under-damped DC circuits will experience less than 100%. Reversal creates excess electric fields in the dielectric, causes excess heating of both the dielectric and the conductors, and can dramatically shorten the life expectancy of the capacitor. Reversal ratings will often affect the design considerations for the capacitor, from the choice of dielectric materials and voltage ratings to the types of internal connections used.", "In 2012, Rolling Stone journalist Matthew Trammell asserted that the record was ahead of its time and wrote, \"Now that popular music has finally caught up to it, 808s & Heartbreak has revealed itself to be Kanye’s most vulnerable work, and perhaps his most brilliant.\"" ]

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[ "He wants to hurt us." ]

[ "He will make sure we are safe.", "A group of young men drink beer together.", "A man is inside a store.", "The road crosses a river on the outskirts.", "You have no good reason to ask something like that.", "Think about Israel in Lebanon.", "A person said something that was emotional." ]

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[ "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\nグナエウス・ポンペイウス・マグヌス（Latin: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, 紀元前106年9月29日 - 紀元前48年9月29日）は、共和政ローマ期の軍人であり政治家。ルキウス・コルネリウス・スッラから<b data-parsoid='{\"dsr\":[543,553,3,3]}'>マグヌス（「偉大な」の意）と称され、ガイウス・ユリウス・カエサル及びマルクス・リキニウス・クラッススと第一回三頭政治を行ったが、ローマ内戦でカエサルに敗北、最終的に暗殺された。" ]

[ "マルクス・ポンポニウス・マト\nティトゥス・リウィウスは、紀元前210年に神祇官（ポンティフェクス）のマルクス・ポンポニウス・マトが死去したと記録している。また紀元前204年には、鳥占官（アウグル）と十人委員会の一人であったマルクス・ポンポニウス・マトの死去したとされている。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\nガレー船から離れたと同時に小舟の中に潜んでいたエジプト軍の刺客によってポンペイウスは殺害され、レントゥルスも捕らえられて、後に殺害された[17][18]。ガレー船に乗り込んでいたメテッルス・スキピオやコルネリアらはエジプトを離れた。", "マルクス・ポルキウス・カト・ウティケンシス\n紀元前61年、シリア・パレスチナ等をローマの属州としたグナエウス・ポンペイウスは、凱旋式をローマで行う為に、執政官の選挙を凱旋式終了まで延期するように元老院へ依頼した。元老院の一部に認める動きがあったものの、カトはこれに反対して、ポンペイウスの提案は認められなかった。ポンペイウスは関係作りのために自身より遥かに若輩であったカトの娘を自らの妻へ迎えたいと申し込んだが、カトはこれに一切取り合わなかった為、ポンペイウスは人気を落とした。これらの仕打ちによってポンペイウスは元老院への不満を持つこととなった。", "グナエウス・セルウィリウス・ゲミヌス\nグナエウス・セルウィリウス・ゲミヌス（、 ? - 紀元前216年8月2日）は、共和政ローマ時代の元老院議員。第二次ポエニ戦争初期で活躍、サルデーニャ、コルシカでの海戦でも活躍した。", "マルクス・セルウィリウス・プレクス・ゲミヌス\nプレクス・ゲミヌスが最初に記録に現れるのは紀元前211年であり、前年に死亡したスプリウス・カルウィリウス・マクシムス・ルガに代わって鳥占官（アウグル）に就任している。翌年、第二次ポエニ戦争に出征し、勇敢な戦士との評判を得た。紀元前204年には上級按察官（アエディリス・クルリス）に就任し、競技会を開催している。紀元前203年、兄のガイウスが執政官を務めていたが、プブリウス・スルピキウス・ガルバ・マクシムスを独裁官（ディクタトル）に任じた。プレクス・ゲミヌスは騎兵長官（マギステル・エクィトゥム）に指名された。ある資料ではガルバ・マクシムスとプレクス・ゲミヌスは、ハンニバルを支援した都市を廻り、その理由を調査したとする。別の資料では、これを実施したのは執政官ガイウスであったとする。何れの資料でも、年末の政務官選挙はガルバ・マクシムスとプレクス・ゲミヌスが管理したとしている。", "マヌエル1世コムネノス\nマヌエル1世コムネノス“メガス”（：、1118年11月28日 - 1180年9月24日）は、ローマ帝国コムネノス王朝の第3代皇帝（在位：1143年 - 1180年）。同王朝第2代皇帝ヨハネス2世コムネノスとハンガリー王女エイレーネー（イレーネー）の子。", "グナエウス・ドミティウス・カルウィヌス・マクシムス\nカピトリヌスのファスティによれば、カルウィヌスは紀元前280年に任命されている。副官の名前はファスティが破損しており不明。エペイロス王ピュロスとの戦争のために両執政官が出征しており、翌年の選挙のための民会を開催することが目的であった。", "ガイウス・マエケナス\nマエケナスは文筆家への援助だけでなく、自身でも散文と詩歌の両方を書いており、今日まで20篇ほどの作品の断片が残っているが、自らが援助した詩人や文筆家のような文学的な名声を得る程の能力は無かったことが示されている。\nマエケナスの作品は種々のテーマを扱っている。ギリシア神話のプロメーテウスに因んだ物、シンポジウムのような対話集（ウェルギリウス、ホラティウス、メッサッラも出席していた）、「\"De cultu suo\"」（彼の生き方）、「\"In Octaviam\"」（小オクタウィア（アウグストゥスの姉）を題材とした詩）といった作品を作成したが、妙な文体であったり、文脈で使うには不適当な単語があったり、文脈自体のズレが多かったりして、友人でもある皇帝アウグストゥスや、マエケナスより後の時代のローマ人であるルキウス・アンナエウス・セネカやクインティリアヌスらの物笑いとなった。\nなお、カッシウス・ディオによると、マエケナスは速記システムの発明者であったと伝わっている。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\nカエサルからカエサルの大姪であったオクタウィア（後にカエサルの後継者となるオクタウィアヌスの姉）との縁談を申し込まれたものの、ポンペイウスはこれを拒否し、紀元前52年に元老院派の重鎮クィントゥス・カエキリウス・メテッルス・ピウス・スキピオ・ナシカの娘で、カルラエの戦いで戦死したクラッススの息子プブリウスの未亡人であったコルネリアを嫁に迎えることを決め、ポンペイウスは元老院派へ軸足を移していった。", "ガイウス・スクリボニウス・クリオ\n紀元前76年に執政官を務めた同名のガイウス・スクリボニウス・クリオの息子として生まれた。クリオはグナエウス・ポンペイウスやガイウス・ユリウス・カエサル、マルクス・トゥッリウス・キケロやマルクス・アントニウスといったローマの政治家とも交友関係を持っており、雄弁なことでも知られていたという。また、大変な放蕩者でもあったが、キケロは自らの著作やティトゥス・ポンポニウス・アッティクスへの書簡でクリオに関して幾度も記しているように、クリオへの支援を惜しまなかった。", "グナエウス・オクタウィウス (紀元前165年の執政官)\n紀元前172年、グナエウス・オクタウィウスは上級按察官（アエディリス・クルリス）に就任した。第三次マケドニア戦争中の紀元前169年には、オクタウィウスは元執政官（プロコンスル）のガイウス・ポピッリウス・ラエナスと共に、元老院の決定を携えてギリシアに渡り、ローマ官吏の恣意的な金銭強要からギリシアの都市国家を解放した。この使節の目的は、ローマ・マケドニア間で揺れる都市国家を、強固なローマの同盟都市にすることであった。同年、オクタウィウスはマルクス・クラウディウス・マルケッルスの死去に伴って神祇官に就任した。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\n紀元前67年、地中海一帯を荒らしていた海賊を征伐すべく、護民官アウルス・ガビニウスは「ガビニア法」と称される法案を市民集会に提出した。すなわち、「ローマ軍20個軍団（歩兵12万、5000の騎兵）、軍船500隻、14名の元老院議員資格者からなる幕僚を投入すると共に総司令官としてこれらを統括する権限をポンペイウスに3年間期限で付与する」というものであった。元老院議員の多くは反対に回ったものの、キケロやガイウス・ユリウス・カエサルら一部の元老院議員がこれに賛成し、票を持つローマ市民は海賊の被害が甚大であったこともあって、ガビニア法は可決された。", "グナエウス・マルキウス・コリオラヌス\n彼の個人名をティトゥス・リウィウスはグナエウスとしており、一方プルタルコスやディオニュシオスはガイウスとしている。グナエウスの省略形はCn.、ガイウスはC.で紛らわしく、どちらが正しいかは今となっては不明である。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス・ミノル\nヒスパニアに上陸してヒスパニアの原住民を懐柔して戦力化すると共に元老院派の残兵を糾合して軍を組織した小ポンペイウスらは、ヒスパニア属州の州都コルドバを含むヒスパニアのほぼ全土を勢力圏に入れた。紀元前45年3月17日、元老院派（ポンペイウス派）討伐にヒスパニアへ進軍したカエサル軍と衝突した（ムンダの戦い）。激戦となったものの、元老院派は約30,000の戦死者を出して敗北し、ラビエヌスらが戦死した。小ポンペイウスは再び逃れたものの、カエサル軍によって捕らえられ、4月12日に殺害された。セクストゥスは大西洋岸まで逃れ、その後10年にわたってローマへの抵抗を続けることとなった。", "ガイウス・ユリウス・ウェルス・マクシムス\nガイウス・ユリウス・ウェルス・マクシムスは217年または220年頃、マクシミヌス・トラクスとその妻のカエキリア・パウリナ（Caecilia Paulina）の息子として生まれた。235年にアレクサンデル・セウェルスが殺害され、マクシミヌスが後継の皇帝に即位すると、その翌年の236年にマクシヌスは共同皇帝に即位し、プリンケプス・ユウェントゥティス（princeps juventutis）となった。", "グナエウス・コルネリウス・レントゥルス (紀元前201年の執政官)\nレントゥルスが歴史上の記録に最初に登場するのは紀元前216年のことであり、カンナエの戦いに参加したトリブヌス・ミリトゥム（高級士官）の一人であった。複数の古代の記録において、ローマ軍の完全な敗北がほぼ明らかになった時点で、レントゥルスは負傷して岩の上に座る執政官ルキウス・アエミリウス・パウルスを見つけ、彼に自分の馬を渡してパウルスを救おうとした。しかし、パウルスはこれを拒否して彼の最後の言葉をクィントゥス・ファビウス・マクシムスに伝えるように言った。このことは複数の古代の文書に記録されているが、おそらくは創作である。", "グナエウス・コルネリウス・スキピオ・カルウス\nグナエウス・コルネリウス・スキピオ・カルウス（,? - 紀元前211年）は、第二次ポエニ戦争初期の共和政ローマの軍司令官、政治家。父はルキウス・コルネリウス・スキピオ、弟にプブリウス・コルネリウス・スキピオ。子にプブリウス・コルネリウス・スキピオ・ナシカ、甥にスキピオ・アフリカヌス。", "ガイウス・フンダニウス・フンドゥルス\nフンドゥルスが最初に歴史に現れるのは紀元前248年であり、この年に護民官に就任したことが記録されている。第一次ポエニ戦争の最中であり、同僚と共に前年のドレパナ沖の海戦に敗北した執政官プブリウス・クラウディウス・プルケルを告訴した。事前の鶏占で凶兆が出たにも関わらずこれを無視して戦闘を行い、敗北したことが罪に問われたものであった。民会での最初の公判は豪雨のために中止され、二度目の公判では別の護民官が拒否権を行使した。しかし、結局プルケルには12万アス - 損失した軍船1隻あたり1000アス - の罰金刑が課された。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\n紀元前66年、東方へ向かったポンペイウスはルクッルスと交代したが、セルトリウスの反乱の時のメテッルス・ピウスとは違い、ルクッルスはポンペイウスを「ハゲタカ」「新参者」、ポンペイウスはルクッルスを「トーガを纏ったクセルクセス」「吝嗇家」（りんしょくか＝けちんぼ）と互いを罵ったという。", "マニウス・ポンポニウス・マト\n紀元前217年には独裁官（ディクタトル）ルキウス・ウェトゥリウス・ピロのマギステル・エクィトゥム（副官）を務め、翌紀元前216年には法務官（プラエトル）に就任した。すでに第二次ポエニ戦争が勃発しており、戦争の経験がある人物を高位の官職につける必要があったと思われる。慣習で担当戦線はくじ引きで決められることになっていたが、その結果マトは首都プラエトル（プラエトル・ウルバヌス）となり、軍を率いることはなかった。同年カンナエの戦いでローマ軍は大敗したが、マトと同僚のプラエトル・ウルバヌスはクリア・オスティリア（元老院議事堂）に元老院議員を招集し、次に取るべき手段を議論した。プラエトルの任期が終了した翌年の紀元前215年、マトはプロプラエトル（前法務官）として、ガリア・キサルピナに赴任した。翌紀元前214年もガリアに留まっている。ティトゥス・リウィウスは、この年にはガリアには兵は送られなかったとする。マトは紀元前211年に死去したが、そのとき彼は神祇官（ポンティフェクス）の一人であった。マトの後任はガイウス・リウィウス・サリナトルであった。", "凱旋式\nグナエウス・ポンペイウスの三度の凱旋式も贅沢で物議をかもすものであった。最初のものは紀元前81年のシキリア属州、紀元前80年のヌミディア王ヒアルバスに対する勝利を讃えものであったが、元老院の議論は割れた。しかしポンペイウスの庇護者で終身独裁官であったルキウス・コルネリウス・スッラの後押しで許可された。このときポンペイウスは24歳のエクィテス（騎士階級）に過ぎなかったが、これはスキピオ・アフリカヌスの34歳を大幅に上回る最年少記録であった。ローマの保守派は早すぎると反対していたが、多くは彼の若くしての成功を卓越した軍事的才能、神の恵み、彼個人の活力の表れと見ており、熱狂的な支持者も多かった。しかし彼の凱旋式は計画通りには進まなかった。彼の戦車は、アフリカでの勝利を記念して、象が牽引することとなっていたが、これは伝説的なバッカスの凱旋式をも上回るものとなったであろう。しかしその巨体のために象は凱旋門を通ることが出来ず、ポンペイウスは一旦下車して、馬につなぎ変えるまで待たねばならなかった。この失態は彼に対する批判者、また一部の兵士をも喜ばせたであろう。なぜなら、ポンペイウスは自費で募兵した3個軍団を率いていたが、兵士達は給与の支払い問題で反乱寸前であったためである。そうではあっても、支払いに対する彼の確固たる姿勢は保守派の間で彼の評判を高め、ポンペイウス自身もポピュリズム政治の教訓を学んだようである。彼の2回目の凱旋式は紀元前71年であったが（その年には4回の凱旋式が行われ、その最後がポンペイウスのものであった）、その際の部下に対する現金の支払いは過去の全ての記録を上回るとされた。プルタルコスによるとその額は信じられないほど高い。兵士一人当たり6,000セステルティウス（通常の年俸の6倍。0.5リットルのワインが0.5-1セステルティウスで買えた）、士官に対しては500万セステルティウスが支払われた。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス・ミノル\n小ポンペイウスはクラウディアという名の女性と結婚していたが、子供はいなかったという。", "グナエウス・ドミティウス・カルウィヌス (紀元前332年の執政官)\n紀元前332年、カルウィヌスは執政官に就任。前年には執政官に代わって独裁官（ディクタトル）が置かれていたが、独裁官プブリウス・コルネリウス・ルフィヌスは途中辞任していたために、インテルレクス（期間5日間の最高責任者）のマルクス・ウァレリウス・コルウスが執政官選挙を実施している。同僚執政官はパトリキ（貴族）であるアウルス・コルネリウス・コッスス・アルウィナであった。この年に、イタリア南部に侵入していたエピロス王アレクサンドロス1世との間に講和条約が結ばれている。またガリア人の侵入の噂が流れた。このため元老院は、両執政官に独裁官を任命するよう命じた。結果マルクス・パピリウス・クラッススが独裁官に任命され、クラッススはプブリウス・ウァレリウス・プブリコラをマギステル・エクィトゥム（騎兵長官）に指名した。しかしこれは誤報であり、戦闘には至らなかった。このため両者は辞任しカルウィヌスは執政官に復帰、任期を満了した。カルウィヌスに関し、これ以外のことは不明である。", "ガイウス・パピリウス・マソ\nガイウス・パピリウス・マソ（Gaius Papirius Masō、- 紀元前213年）は共和政ローマのパトリキ（貴族）出身の政治家・軍人。紀元前231年に執政官（コンスル）を務めた。コルシカをローマに従属させた。", "マグネンティウス\nフラウィウス・マグヌス・マグネンティウス（, 303年 - 353年8月11日）は、ローマ帝国の帝位簒奪者（350年 - 353年）である。弟にデケンティウスがいる。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス・ミノル\nグナエウス・ポンペイウス（・マグヌス）（、 紀元前75年頃 - 紀元前45年4月12日）は、共和政ローマ末期の軍人。同名の父グナエウス・ポンペイウス（以下、大ポンペイウスと表記）と区別するため小ポンペイウス、ラテン語では（グナエウス・）ポンペイウス（・マグヌス）・ミノル（(Gnaeus) Pompeius (Magnus) minor）とも称される。母は父の3番目の妻・ムキアで、セクストゥス・ポンペイウスの兄。", "オラウス・マグヌス\n1490年、リンシェーピングのスケーニンゲに生まれた。「偉大な」を意味するマグヌスという名の通り、名門の貴族の出身。", "ガイウス・ポンティウス\nガイウス・ポンティウス()は第二次サムニウム戦争で活躍したサムニウム人の指揮官。名は『ガウィウス・ポンティウス(Gavius Pontius)』または単に『ポンティウス』とも呼ばれる。ローマ軍をカウディウム渓谷で敗北させ、後に「カウディウムの屈辱」と呼ばれる和議を結ぶ事に成功する。しかし後にローマの手によって捕縛され、クィントゥス・ファビウス・マクシムス・ルッリアヌスによって処刑された。", "ガイウス・プリニウス・セクンドゥス\nガイウス・プリニウス・セクンドゥス（Gaius Plinius Secundus、23年 – 79年8月24日）は、古代ローマの博物学者、政治家、軍人。ローマ帝国の属州総督を歴任する傍ら、自然界を網羅する百科全書『博物誌』を著した。一般には大プリニウス（羅：Plinius Maior）と呼ばれる。", "ガイウス・カルプルニウス・ピソ\nピソの遺児カルプルニウス・ピソ・ガレリアヌスは、リキニア・マグナとルキウス・カルプルニウス・ピソの娘であるカルプルニアと結婚し、57歳で執政官に選出された。彼は皇帝ウェスパシアヌスと対立し、70歳で処刑された。", "グナエウス・コルネリウス・スキピオ・アシナ\nグナエウス・コルネリウス・スキピオ・アシナ（, 紀元前3世紀、生没年不詳）は、第一次ポエニ戦争期の共和政ローマの政治家・軍人。「アシナ」とはラテン語でロバを意味する。", "ガイウス・マエケナス\nマエケナスが最初に歴史書に名前が現れるのは紀元前40年のことであり、オクタウィアヌス（アウグストゥス）とスクリボニアの婚姻の締結と、オクタウィアヌスとマルクス・アントニウスの間の和解協定である「ブルンディシウム協定」締結にオクタウィアヌス側の担当者として尽力したと伝わっている。また、オクタウィアヌスがイタリア国外に在った時には親友として、外交上の顧問的役割を務めた。しかもその役目を十全に果たすために自らのクルスス・ホノルムを犠牲にして、オクタウィアヌスの私設顧問のような形をとった。公職に就いていなかったために公文書で触れられることも少なく、そのために後の足跡を辿ることが困難となっている。", "グナエウス・コルネリウス・スキピオ・アシナ\nガイウス・ドゥイリウスと共に紀元前260年の執政官（コンスル）に当選、新設のローマ海軍を率いる。そしてメッシーナ海峡を巡回している際にリーパリがローマ側に寝返るとの情報を得る。戦略上重要な拠点を占拠して勝利を栄誉を得ようと焦り、リーパリに急行するが、これは敵将ギスコの謀略で、港に乗り上げた際に海上を封鎖されてしまう。海戦に不馴れなローマ兵はパニックに陥り、自分達が乗っている船に構わず陸地に逃れてしまい、大した戦闘もなく易々とスキピオは捕虜となってしまった。そして彼はローマ史上最初に海戦にて敗北した人物となった。", "ガイウス・アシニウス・ガッルス\n父は有力な政治家で歴史家としても著名なガイウス・アシニウス・ポッリオ。マルクス・ウィプサニウス・アグリッパとその最初の妻ポンポニアとの娘で第2代皇帝ティベリウスの最初の妻だったウィプサニアの再婚相手。ウィプサニアとの間には多くの子供に恵まれ6人の息子をもうけた。", "グナエウス・セルウィリウス・カエピオ (紀元前253年の執政官)\nグナエウス・セルウィリウス・カエピオ（、生没年不詳）は紀元前3世紀中期の共和政ローマの政治家・軍人。紀元前265年に執政官（コンスル）を務めた。第一次ポエニ戦争の最中であり、カエピオは海軍を指揮した。", "シモン・マグス\nシモン・マグス(Simon Magus)は、聖書に登場する人物でグノーシス主義の開祖ともいわれる。別名は魔術師シモン。サマリア人。\n新約聖書の『使徒行伝』第8章によると、シモンはサマリヤの魔術師として多くの信者がいたが、使徒フィリポによって洗礼をうけキリスト教に入信。ペテロとヨハネが宣教に訪れたときに、彼らの聖霊を授ける力を見てその力が欲しくなり、金で売って欲しいと持ちかけ叱責を受けた。それ以後、聖職売買のことをシモンの行為にちなんでシモニア（、）と呼ぶようになった。", "グナエウス・フルウィウス・ケントゥマルス・マクシムス\nグナエウス・フルウィウス・ケントゥマルス・マクシムス（生年不明 - 紀元前210年）は紀元前211年の共和政ローマの執政官（コンスル）である。その年にハンニバルが首都ローマに迫ったが、同僚執政官のプブリウス・スルピキウス・ガルバ・マクシムスと共にローマを防衛した。", "マニウス・アクィッリウス (紀元前129年の執政官)\nグナエウス・ポンペイウス・トログスの『地中海世界史』の要約（ユスティヌス）によれば、アクィッリウスはペルペルナの成功を羨望しており、執政官に就任すると反乱を完全鎮圧すべく小アジアへ急行したものの、ペルペルナはペルガモン近くで病死し、両者の競争は終わることとなった。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\n紀元前77年、ガリア・キサルピナ属州総督として赴任する予定であったマルクス・アエミリウス・レピドゥスが中部イタリアで反スッラを掲げて挙兵した。ポンペイウスは執政官カトゥルスの代理としてレピドゥス討伐に赴き、レピドゥスを敗死させた。しかし、レピドゥス軍の残党はヒスパニアで反乱を起していたポプラレスのクィントゥス・セルトリウスに合流したことで、セルトリウス軍は勢力を拡大した。にはクィントゥス・カエキリウス・メテッルス・ピウスが当っていたが、ポンペイウスはメテッルス・ピウスに代わって、セルトリウス討伐軍の指揮に名乗りを挙げた。", "ガイウス・プリニウス・セクンドゥス\n北イタリアのコムム（現在のコモ）生まれ。プリニウスは思想的にはストア派で、論理と自然哲学と倫理学を信奉していた。ストア派の第一の目的は、自然法則にしたがって徳の高い生き方をすることであり、自然界の理解が必要であった。甥の小プリニウスによると、プリニウスは夜明け前から仕事をはじめ、勉強している時間以外はすべて無駄な時間と考え、読書をやめるのは浴槽に入っている時間だけだったという。", "ガイウス・コルネリウス・ケテグス\nガイウス・コルネリウス・ケテグス（、生没年不詳）は紀元前3世紀後期から紀元前2世紀前半の共和政ローマの政治家・軍人。紀元前197年に執政官（コンスル）、紀元前194年には監察官（ケンソル）を務めた。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\n3人目の妻ムキアとの間で3人の子（下記参照）を持つに至ったが、ムキアはカエサルとの不倫が発覚し、ポンペイウスは後にムキアと離婚した[23]。4人目の妻ユリアはカエサルの娘で夫婦仲は大変良かったと伝わっているが、紀元前54年にユリアは産褥で死亡し、出産した娘もまもなく死亡した[24]。5人目の妻コルネリアとは紀元前52年頃に結婚し、ポンペイウスの最期まで連れ添うこととなったが、結婚期間はわずか5年に過ぎなかった。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\n『ローマ皇帝群像』によれば、第17代ローマ皇帝コンモドゥスの父方母方の遠い祖先はポンペイウスであり、カエサルと敵対した人物の末裔が皇帝に即位したという皮肉なエピソードが紹介されているが、信憑性は定かではない。この記述では、コンモドゥスから数えて9代前にポンペイウスの娘ポンペイア、10代前にポンペイウスがおり、コンモドゥスの父母マルクス・アウレリウス・アントニヌスと小ファウスティナはポンペイウスの雲孫（玄孫の玄孫）、コンモドゥスはポンペイウスの雲孫の子になる。なお、皇帝ガルバの養子となったピソもポンペイウスの末裔で、玄孫にあたるという。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス・ミノル\n父がエジプトで殺害された後、クィントゥス・カエキリウス・メテッルス・ピウス・スキピオ・ナシカやマルクス・ポルキウス・カトら元老院派と共に戦線の再構築を図ったが、紀元前46年4月にタプススの戦いで敗北し、メテッルス・スキピオやカトは敗死した。小ポンペイウスはバレアレス諸島へ逃れて、同じく落ち延びたティトゥス・ラビエヌスや弟セクストゥスらと合流した。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\n元老院はポンペイウスが軍事面での才能が抜群であることは認めながらも、29歳と若くコンスルやプラエトルの経験が無いこと（共に任期後は軍を率いて属州へ赴任する権限が与えられる職位）やメテッルス・ピウスの指揮が決して悪くは無かったことから、ポンペイウスへ絶対指揮権（インペリウム）を付与することに躊躇したものの、ポンペイウスが手持のローマ軍団を解散するのを拒否したことやポントス王ミトリダテス6世が蠢動し始めたこともあって、ポンペイウスへ絶対指揮権を与えて、ヒスパニアへ派遣することを元老院は決議した。", "グナエウス・マンリウス・キンキナトゥス\nキンキナトゥスは紀元前480年に執政官に就任。同僚執政官はマルクス・ファビウス・ウィブラヌスであった。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\nエジプトは当初ポンペイウスへ協力的な姿勢を示していたものの、内部での話し合いの中でポンペイウスを殺害することが決定された。紀元前48年9月29日、ポンペイウスの58回目の誕生日でもあったこの日、大型のガレー船でエジプトへ到着したポンペイウスは、かつてからの知り合いであったアキッラス及びルキウス・セプティミウスによる出迎えを受けた。ルキウス・コルネリウス・レントゥルス・クルスと共にポンペイウスが1艘の小舟に乗り込んだが、その間際に妻や子らに対してソポクレスの以下の詩を詠んだと伝わっている。", "ゴルディアヌス1世\nゴルディアヌス1世（）または、マルクス・アントニウス・ゴルディアヌス・センプロニアヌス・ロマヌス・アフリカヌス・アウグストゥス（, 159年頃 - 238年4月12日）は、ローマ帝国の軍人皇帝である。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\nなお、紀元前44年3月15日に「ポンペイウス劇場」内でカエサルは共和主義者に襲撃され、劇場内に設置されたポンペイウス像の下にカエサルは崩れ落ちて死を迎えたが、自らの復讐にポンペイウスが立ち会ったかのようであったという[19]。", "グナエウス・ドミティウス・アヘノバルブス (紀元前192年の執政官)\nグナエウス・ドミティウス・アヘノバルブス（, 生没年不詳、紀元前2世紀前半）は、第二次ポエニ戦争、第三次ポエニ戦争の戦間期の共和政ローマの元老院議員。プレブス系ドミティウス氏族の出自で、紀元前196年にアエディリスを務める。また紀元前194年にプラエトルに就任、この時ファウヌスの神殿を建立している。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\nともかく、セルトリウスの反乱及び第三次奴隷戦争での武勲によって、ローマ市民から絶大な支持を獲得したポンペイウスは紀元前71年にコンスル（40歳以上にのみ立候補資格がある）への立候補及び凱旋式挙行等を認めることを元老院へ要求。また、ルビコン川まで到達したにもかかわらず、軍団を解散せず、保持し続けることで圧力を掛けた。元老院議員の資格すら持たないポンペイウスのこの要求に元老院は難色を示したものの、ポンペイウスに対抗する力を持つクラッススがポンペイウスへの嫉妬から自らもコンスルへ立候補する意志を表明したことで、元老院の思惑は外れることとなった。この際にクラッススとポンペイウスの間で協定が結ばれたともされ、紀元前70年にポンペイウスは選挙で圧倒的な支持を受けて、クラッススと共に35歳でコンスルに選出された。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\nプルタルコス 『プルタルコス英雄伝 下』 吉村忠典訳、ちくま学芸文庫（新版）。村川堅太郎編 カエサル 『内乱記』 國原吉之助訳、講談社学術文庫 スエトニウス 『ローマ皇帝伝 上』 國原吉之助訳、岩波文庫 フラウィウス・ヨセフス 『ユダヤ戦記 Ⅰ』 秦剛平訳、ちくま学芸文庫", "グナエウス・ドミティウス・カルウィヌス (紀元前332年の執政官)\nプレブスであるドミティウス氏族の出身。父のプラエノーメン（第一名、個人名）もグナエウスである。ドミティウス氏族としては最初の執政官であり、歴史に最初に登場する人物である。紀元前283年の執政官グナエウス・ドミティウス・カルウィヌス・マクシムスは息子である。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\n紀元前57年、クロディウスへの支持が急落したことや前年まで小アジアに赴任していたカトが帰還したこと、キケロの追放が解除されたこと（ポンペイウス自身もキケロのローマ帰還に助力したが）もあって三頭政治側は元老院派から反撃を受けた。ポンペイウスは政治への興味を失い、自らが携わったローマ最初の恒設劇場であった「ポンペイウス劇場」の工事進捗といった文化活動に興じると共に、ユリアとの新婚生活に溺れる有様であったという[15]。", "ガイウス・マエニウス\nガイウス・マエニウス（Gaius Maenius、おそらくはガイウス・マエニウス・アンティアティクス）は紀元前4世紀の共和政ローマの政治家・軍人。紀元前338年に執政官（コンスル）を、紀元前320年と紀元前314年の2回、独裁官（ディクタトル）を務めた。", "ガッリエヌス\nプブリウス・リキニウス・エグナティウス・ガッリエヌス（, 218年頃 - 268年）は、軍人皇帝時代のローマ帝国の皇帝（共同皇帝としての在位：253年 - 260年、単独では260年 - 268年）。父親のウァレリアヌスと共に、エトルリアの血を引いていたという。\n253年に父ウァレリアヌスと共に共同皇帝として即位し、ウァレリアヌスは帝国東部の戦線を、ガッリエヌスは帝国西部の戦線を担当することになった。", "グナエウス・セルウィリウス・カエピオ (紀元前253年の執政官)\nパトリキであるセルウィリウス氏族の出身、セルウィウス氏族はアルバ・ロンガから最初にローマに移住した6氏族の一つである。カピトリニスのファスティによれば、父も祖父もプラエノーメン（第一名、個人名）はグナエウスである。紀元前252年と紀元前248年の執政官プブリウス・セルウィリウス・ゲミヌスはいとこである。", "グナエウス・マルキウス・コリオラヌス\n初陣は二十歳になろうかという紀元前499年頃に起こった、共和政ローマをラティウムの覇者とする事になるレギッルス湖畔の戦いであったという。彼は倒れた味方を庇って敵を打ち倒し、を与えられた。この名誉は彼を更なる名誉へと駆り立て、その名誉を母が喜ぶ事が彼のなによりの幸せであった。彼は父の分まで母に仕えようと、結婚してからも母と共に住んだという。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\n紀元前106年 - ピケヌムで生まれる 紀元前88年 - 同盟市戦争で初陣を飾る 紀元前87年 - 父ストラボが死去 紀元前83年 - スッラのローマ侵攻に合わせて、軍を率いてスッラ派へ参加 紀元前82年 - マリウス派（ポプラレス）が抵抗していたシキリア・北アフリカを制圧（～紀元前81年） 紀元前81年 - 1度目の凱旋式 紀元前76年 - セルトリウスの反乱を鎮圧するべくヒスパニアへ遠征（～紀元前71年） 紀元前71年 - 2度目の凱旋式 紀元前70年 - コンスルに就任（同僚はマルクス・リキニウス・クラッスス） 紀元前67年 - 海賊征討戦（3ヶ月弱で完了） 紀元前66年 - 小アジア・黒海遠征。ミトリダテス6世を破る（～紀元前63年） 紀元前64年 - シリア・ユダヤ・フェニキア等をローマの勢力圏に加える 紀元前61年 - 3度目の凱旋式 紀元前59年 - 第一回三頭政治（クラッスス及びガイウス・ユリウス・カエサル）。ポンペイウス、カエサルの娘・ユリアと結婚 紀元前58年 - ヒスパニア属州総督に就任（～紀元前55年）、この間にポンペイウス劇場が完成 紀元前56年 - ルッカ会談 紀元前55年 - コンスルに就任（同僚はクラッスス） 紀元前54年 - ユリア死去 紀元前53年 - クラッスス戦死、三頭政治が事実上崩壊 紀元前52年 - コンスルに就任（同僚はメテッルス・スキピオ） 紀元前51年 - カエサル・ガリア総督任期終了、コンスルへの立候補を表明 紀元前49年 - カエサル派との内戦が開始 紀元前48年 - ファルサルスの戦いで敗北、アレキサンドリアへ逃れるも同地で殺害される", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\n紀元前60年、ポンペイウスは長年の宿敵クラッスス及びプロプラトエル（前法務官）としてヒスパニア・ウルステリオルの属州総督であったガイウス・ユリウス・カエサルと非公式に手を結ぶことを決定し、紀元前59年にカエサルをコンスルとすること及びポンペイウスが率いていた兵士へ土地を供与すること等を内約した（一般に「三頭政治」（Triumviratus）と呼ばれる）。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス・ストラボ\nグナエウス・ポンペイウス・ストラボは北イタリアのピケヌムの人であり、セクストゥス・ポンペイウスとルキリアの子である。ストラボには息子として第一次三頭政治の一角であり、カエサルと覇を争ったことで有名なグナエウス・ポンペイウス・マグヌスが、そしてポンペイアという娘がいる。ストラボは紀元前90年に同盟市戦争でローマ軍の副官として、翌年にはコンスルとして戦い、この戦争によって台頭した。彼はアスクルムを占領し（アスクルムの戦い (紀元前89年)）、これによって北部でのイタリア側の抵抗を事実上終わらせ、この戦争中唯一の凱旋式を挙げた。彼はピケヌムで集めた軍で同盟市戦争を戦ったが、戦争が終わってもその軍を解散せずに二年間維持し、ピケヌムで独立勢力をなした。紀元前88年に軍を引き継ぐために送られたコンスルを彼は殺害したが、翌年雷に打たれて死んだ。彼は生前その軍事力のために恐れられていたが、人々は埋葬の際に彼の遺体を棺から引きずり出して辱めた。彼は軍事力を背景とした非道で残酷な権力者という悪評を残した。", "マニウス・ポンポニウス・マト\nマトの娘のポンポニアは紀元前211年の執政官であるプブリウス・コルネリウス・スキピオと結婚した。この二人の間の子供がスキピオ・アフリカヌス（大スキピオ）である。", "マルクス・プブリキウス・マッレオルス\nマッレオルスは紀元前232年に執政官に就任。第一次ポエニ戦争と第二次ポエニ戦争の間であり、同僚執政官はマルクス・アエミリウス・レピドゥスであった。この年、ローマはセネノス族に勝利した後に獲得したガリア・キサルピナのピケヌム周辺 （、現リミニ南方）の土地に植民を行った。ポリュビオスは、これを護民官ガイウス・フラミニウスが制定したフラミニウス法に基づき、農民に土地を分配したとする。しかしキケロは、これを4年後の紀元前228年のことで、執政官スプリウス・カルウィリウス・マクシムス・ルガの業績としている。", "グーネウス\nこのグーネウスは、アルカディアのペネオスの人で、ラーオノメーの父。一説にラーオノメーはペルセウスの子のアルカイオスの妻で、アムピトリュオーン、アナクソーの母であるという。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\nグナエウス・ポンペイウスは、同名のグナエウス・ポンペイウス・ストラボを父として生まれた。ポンペイウスが属したポンペイウス一門はエクィテス（騎士階級）に属し、古来からの政治上の名門とは言えなかったものの、中部イタリアのピケヌム（現：アスコリ・ピチェーノ県）近郊に大きな所領を持つ裕福な家系であった[1]。父グナエウスは紀元前104年及び紀元前92年にプラエトル（法務官）、紀元前89年にはコンスル（執政官）の座を占め、政治的なエリートコースを歩んでいた。父がコンスルであった紀元前89年にポンペイウスは教育課程を修了したが、同盟市戦争でローマ軍の指揮を執っていた父から従軍するよう呼び出しを受けて、ポンペイウスは僅か18歳で初陣を飾ることとなった[2]。", "MAGNUS\nMAGNUS", "グナエウス・マンリウス・キンキナトゥス\nパトリキ（貴族）でるマンリウス氏族の出身。マンリウス氏族としてはキンキナトゥスが最初の執政官であった。父の名前はプブリウスである。", "カンパヌス\nヨハンネス・カンパヌス（羅:Johannes Campanus 、1220年ノヴァーラ - 1296年ヴィテルボ）はイタリアの占星術師、天文学者、数学者である。\nイタリアではジョバンニ・カンパーノ (Giovanni Campano)またはノヴァーラのカンパヌス、またはラテン語表記でCampanus Novariensisと呼ばれる。\nイタリア北部のノヴァーラに生まれた。教皇ウルバヌス4世付の司祭、ボニファティウス8世の侍医を務めた。アラビヤやスペインに旅した。", "ガイウス・ユリウス・カエサル\n紀元前100年頃 - ローマで生まれる。 紀元前82年 - スッラがローマへ侵攻。カエサル、キリキアへ逃れる。 紀元前78年 - スッラ死去。カエサル、ローマへ帰還。 紀元前69年 - クァエストルに選出され、ヒスパニアへ赴任する。 紀元前65年 - アエディリスに選出。 紀元前63年 - 最高神祇官選挙で対立候補を破って当選。カティリナ事件。 紀元前62年 - プラエトルに選出。 紀元前61年 - プロプラエトル格でヒスパニア総督に選出。 紀元前59年 - コンスルに選出（同僚はマルクス・カルプルニウス・ビブルス）。三頭政治の開始。 紀元前58年 - プロコンスル格でガリア地区の総督に選出。ガリア戦争が勃発（紀元前51年まで）。 紀元前56年 - ルッカ会談。 紀元前53年 - クラッスス戦死、三頭政治が事実上崩壊。 紀元前52年 - アレシアの戦い。 紀元前49年 - ルビコン渡河。ローマ内戦の開始。 紀元前48年 - ファルサルスの戦い。ポンペイウス、エジプトで殺害。 紀元前46年 - タプススの戦い。初の凱旋式、10年期限のディクタトル（独裁官）に選出。 紀元前45年 - ムンダの戦い。ローマ内戦が事実上終結。終身独裁官に選出。 紀元前44年 - ローマ元老院議場内で暗殺。", "グナエウス・コルネリウス・スキピオ・アシナ\nローマ筆頭の名門のひとつコルネリウス氏族のスキピオ家に生まれる。父はルキウス・コルネリウス・スキピオ・バルバトゥス、兄弟にはルキウス・コルネリウス・スキピオがいる。", "ハインリヒ・グスタフ・マグヌス\nハインリヒ・グスタフ・マグヌス（、1802年5月2日 - 1870年4月4日）は、ドイツの実験科学者である。「マグヌス効果」で有名。", "ラバヌス・マウルス・マグネンティウス\nラバヌス・マウルス・マグネンティウス（ または Hrabanus, Rhabanus、780年頃 - 856年2月4日）は、フランク人ベネディクト会士、ドイツ（フランク王国）のマインツ大司教、神学者。百科全書的作品『事物の本性』（羅:De rerum naturis）の著者である。文法学教授や聖書講解といったテーマでも論考を書いている。彼はカロリング朝期の最も傑出した教師・著述家の一人で、「ゲルマニアの教師」（羅:Praeceptor Germaniae）と呼ばれた。彼はローマ暦（\"\", 2001, pp. 126f.）において聖人として2月4日に祝われているが、オンライン版カトリック百科事典では福者として名前が挙げられている。", "ガイウス・マエケナス\n紀元前36年、アウグストゥスがセクストゥス・ポンペイウス軍との戦争（ナウロクス沖の海戦）の間、マエケナスはローマへ戻ってローマ市内とイタリア本土の統治を任された。", "ガイウス・フラミニウス\nガイウス・フラミニウス・ネポス（, 紀元前217年6月14日没）は、共和政ローマの政治家、軍人。先祖に有力者のいないノウス・ホモ（新人）の一員として台頭し、プレブス（平民）出身の者としてグラックス兄弟よりも1世紀近く前に、自らも元老院議員となって未だパトリキ（貴族）が力を持っていた元老院の権威に立ち向かった人物である。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\n元老院はポンペイウスが独裁官就任を望んでいるとの不安を持っていたことから、疑いを解くためにブルンディシウム（現：ブリンディジ）で軍を解散させた。元老院の許可を得た上で、ポンペイウスは45歳の誕生日でもあった紀元前61年9月29日に3度目の凱旋式をローマで挙行した。海賊征討戦や小アジア・オリエントでの勝利を祝った成果はローマ建国史上で空前のものであり、戦闘シーンを表現する略奪品、捕虜を行軍させ、軍のパレードと共に自らの功績を掲げたプラカードを掲げた。凱旋式の後は壮大な宴会をローマ市民へ提供したことで、ポンペイウスの人気はローマ随一となった[13]。", "マルクス・ピアウォニウス・ウィクトリヌス\nマルクス・ピアウォニウス・ウィクトリヌス（ラテン語：Marcus Piav(v)onius Victorinus、 ? - 270年又は271年）はガリア帝国の皇帝（在位：268年? - 270年又は271年）である。", "グナエウス・ドミティウス・カルウィヌス・マクシムス\nプレブス（平民）であるドミティウス氏族の出身。父および祖父のプラエノーメン（第一名、個人名）もグナエウスである。父のグナエウスは紀元前332年の執政官グナエウス・ドミティウス・カルウィヌスである。", "グナエウス・マンリウス・キンキナトゥス\nグナエウス・マンリウス・キンキナトゥス（、- 紀元前480年）は共和政ローマ初期の政治家・軍人。紀元前480年に執政官（コンスル）を務めた。", "ジョージ・マチューナス\nジョージ・マチューナス（George Maciunas リトアニア語名: ユルギス・マチューナス（Jurgis Mačiūnas）1931年11月8日 - 1978年5月9日）は　リトアニア生まれのデザイナー、建築家、現代美術家、。フルクサスの創始者として知られる。日本語では「マチュナス」「マチウナス」と表記されることがある。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\nカエサルはガリア戦争で目覚しい実績を積み重ね、ローマ市民からの人気が高まっていた。一方で元老院派からのカエサルへの攻撃は厳しく、対応に迫られたカエサルが主導する形で紀元前56年に3者はイタリア北部のルッカで会談を持った[16]。紀元前55年にポンペイウスはクラッススと共にコンスルに当選して2度目の就任が決まった。", "グナエウス・オクタウィウス (紀元前165年の執政官)\nグナエウス・オクタウィウスが属するオクタウィウス氏族は、紀元前230年にグナエウス・オクタウィウス・ルフスが財務官（クァエストル）に就任したことで歴史に登場する。ルフスには二人の息子がいたことが分かっている。次男ガイウスの子孫は騎士階級に留まったが、ガイウスの玄孫がローマ帝国初代皇帝アウグストゥス（出生時の名前はガイウス・オクタウィウス・トゥリヌス）である。ルフスの長男のグナエウスは紀元前205年に法務官（プラエトル）に就任している。グナエウスも彼の子孫もコグノーメン（第三名、家族名）を名乗っていない。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\n紀元前52年、クロディウスの暗殺によってローマは大混乱に陥った。マルクス・カルプルニウス・ビブルスやカトら元老院議員はこれを治めるため、ポンペイウスへ異例となる単独でコンスルへ就くよう要請してポンペイウスは単独でのコンスルとなったが、注目されたクロディウスの暗殺犯ティトゥス・アンニウス・ミロの裁判に手間取ったことで混乱は抑まらず、メテッルス・スキピオを同僚のコンスルに迎え入れた。アレシアの戦いの勝利でカエサルのガリア制覇が目前となった時期、カエサルはガリア総督の任期切れ後にコンスルへ立候補することを目論んだが、ポンペイウスら元老院派はイタリア国外でコンスルへ立候補することを禁止したため、カエサルは大きな打撃となった。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス・トログス\nグナエウス・ポンペイウス・トログス（Gnaeus Pompēius Trōgus）は、紀元前1世紀ローマの歴史家。『ピリッポス史』（Historiarum Philippicarum、邦訳では『地中海世界史』）の著者。\nトログスの祖先はガリア・ナルボネンシスのケルト人種族であるウォコンティ族にさかのぼる。彼の祖父にあたるトログス・ポンペイウスは、セルトリウス戦争でグナエウス・ポンペイウスのもとで戦ってローマ市民権を得た。おじも同じポンペイウスのもとで、父はガイウス・ユリウス・カエサルのもとでローマ軍将校として活躍した、という。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\nユダヤ属州 内乱の一世紀", "ルキウス・ムナティウス・プランクス\nプランクスには一人の息子と一人の娘があった。息子は紀元13年に執政官を務めたルキウス・ムナティウス・プランクスである。ルキウスは監察官時代の同僚パウッルスの娘と結婚した。ルキウスはレガトゥス（副官）としてゲルマニアのライン軍団の反乱鎮圧の支援に出征したが、ほとんど成功しなかった。プランクスの娘ムナティウス・プランキアは悪名高いグナエウス・カルプルニウス・ピソと結婚し、二人の息子、グナエウスとマルクスを産んだ。プランキアとピソ夫婦はゲルマニクス毒殺の容疑で告訴された。シリア属州ではプランキアは一般常識を無視して騎兵の訓練に参加し、毒殺者を雇った。ゲルマニクスの死後、ピソとプランキアはまず属州の支配権を得ようとし、その後ローマに戻った。そこで彼らは内戦を起こし、ゲルマニクスを毒殺した容疑で裁判にかけられた。最後にはアウグストゥスの妻リウィアが裁判に介入し、プランキアは釈放された。何年も後の紀元34年、プランキアは再び告訴され自殺した。二人の息子は生き残ったが、グナエウス・ピソは名前をルキウス・ピソと名前を変え、後のカリグラ帝時代の紀元39年にアフリカ属州総督を務めている。マルクスに対する告訴はティベリウス帝によって取り下げられている。", "ガイウス・センプロニウス・ブラエスス\nガイウス・センプロニウス・ブラエスス（Gaius Sempronius Blaesus）は共和政ローマのプレブス（平民）出身の政治家・軍人。紀元前253年と紀元前244年に執政官（コンスル）を務めた。第一次ポエニ戦争では、陸戦、海戦双方の指揮を執った。", "ジョージ・ロマネス\nジョージ・ジョン・ロマネス（George John Romanes 1848年3月19日－1894年3月23日）はカナダ生まれのイギリスの進化生物学者、生理学者。比較心理学の基盤を作り、ヒトと動物の間の認知プロセスと認知メカニズムの類似性を指摘した。姓はロマーニズとも表記される。", "アウソニウス\nデキムス・マグヌス・アウソニウス（, 310年 - 393年頃）は、帝政末期ローマの著述家。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\nプラエトルであったアンティスティウスに買われ、アンティスティウスの娘アンティスティアを1人目の妻に迎え入れた[21]。その後、ローマを支配したスッラがポンペイウスとの繋がりを強めるために、スッラの親類に当たるアエミリアとの結婚を強いた。なお、アンティスティアは離婚が成立する前に父アンティスティウスおよび母が死亡しており、さらなる悲劇に見舞われることとなった。また、アエミリアは当時妊娠していたが、まもなく産褥で死亡した[22]。", "マグヌス・ヒルシュフェルト\nマグヌス・ヒルシュフェルト（Magnus Hirschfeld、1868年5月14日 - 1935年5月14日）は、ドイツの内科医であり、性科学者、そして同性愛者の権利の擁護者である。\nヒルシュフェルトは、ユダヤ人一家のなかで、敬愛された医師にして「医学参事官（Medizinalrat）」たるヘルマン・ヒルシュフェルトの息子として、1868年にコルベルク（現代のコウォブジェグ、Kołobrzeg、）で誕生した。1888年から1892年の期間、彼は、シュトラスブルク、ミュンヘン、ハイデルベルク、そしてベルリンで、哲学、文献学、医学（内科学）を学んだ。その後、ヒルシュフェルトはしばらくのあいだパリに居住し、ジャーナリストとして働いた。こうして彼は、マクデブルクで「自然療法（）」による治療を開始した。数年後、ベルリン＝シャルロッテンブルク（Berlin-Charlottenburg、、）に移住した。マグヌス・ヒルシュフェルトは、1935年に亡命先ニースで客死した。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\nポンペイウスがヒスパニアで戦っていた最中の紀元前74年に第三次奴隷戦争が勃発しルキウス・ゲッリウス・プブリコラらが鎮圧に当ったものの、奴隷側の首謀者であったスパルタクスの巧みな用兵もあって長期化していた。紀元前71年、スッラの部将だったマルクス・リキニウス・クラッススがルカニアでスパルタクスを討ち取って反乱軍は壊滅状態となったが、ポンペイウスはこの時に軍を率いてガリアなど北部へ逃亡を図った反乱軍の残党を粉砕した。ポンペイウスはクラッススに先んじて元老院へ「この戦いを終わらせたのは私である」と報告し、ローマ市民もこれを認めた[7]。これによって第三次奴隷戦争での武勲を横取りされた格好となったクラッススは、ポンペイウスの高い人気への嫉妬も重なって激しい敵愾心を持つこととなった。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\n同年10月、カエサルはエジプトへ到着したが、その地でポンペイウスの死を知ることとなった。プトレマイオス13世は従者にポンペイウスの首をカエサルに届けさせたが、カエサルは怒り狂ってその従者を殺してしまう。そしてポンペイウスの首を抱いてさめざめと泣いたという。その後、コルネリアはポンペイウスの遺灰と指輪をカエサルより受け取ってイタリアへ埋葬し、余生を送ったとされる。ポンペイウスの2人の息子グナエウス・ポンペイウス・ミノルとセクストゥス・ポンペイウスはティトゥス・ラビエヌスやメテッルス・スキピオら生き残った元老院派と合流、カエサルへの抵抗を続けることになる。", "セクストゥス・ポンペイウス\nセクストゥス・ポンペイウス（, ? - 紀元前35年）は、共和政ローマ末期の軍人・政治家。第一回三頭政治の一角であったグナエウス・ポンペイウスと3番目の妻ムキアの次男。グナエウス・ポンペイウス・ミノル（小ポンペイウス）の弟。父の死後は元老院派の重要人物として、ヒスパニアを拠点にカエサルへの抵抗を続けた。", "グナエウス・ドミティウス・カルウィヌス\nグナエウス・ドミティウス・カルウィヌス（, 生没年不詳）は、紀元前1世紀の共和政ローマ期の政治家、軍人である。ノビレス出身で紀元前53年と紀元前40年に執政官を務め、ガイウス・ユリウス・カエサル及びアウグストゥス（オクタウィアヌス）の側に味方して戦った。", "マグヌス6世 (ノルウェー王)\nマグヌス6世ホーコンソン（Magnus VI Håkonsson、1238年5月1日 - 1280年5月9日）は、ノルウェーの国王。ホーコン4世の子（在位：1263年 - 1280年）。", "マニウス・ポンポニウス・マト\nマトと紀元前231年の執政官マルクス・ポンポニウス・マトは兄弟である。マルクスは紀元前204年に死去している。二人のどちらか、おそらくはマルクスがプレブス・アエディリス（平民按察官）のマルクス・ポンポニウス・マトの父である。このマルクスは親戚であるスキピオ・アフリカヌスにたいするロクリス人の訴訟を調査するよう命令されている。", "グナエウス・コルネリウス・レントゥルス (紀元前201年の執政官)\nグナエウス・コルネリウス・レントゥルス（、- 紀元前183年）は紀元前3世紀後期から紀元前2世紀前半の共和政ローマの政治家・軍人。紀元前201年に執政官（コンスル）を務めた。", "ガイウス・マリウス (紀元前82年の執政官)\n紀元前83年より、オプティマテス（閥族派）を率いるルキウス・コルネリウス・スッラがローマへ向けて軍事侵攻を開始した。マリウスは紀元前82年の執政官に選出され、ムキア・クィントゥス・スカエウォラ（）の娘と結婚した。", "グナエウス・ポンペイウス\n紀元前49年1月10日、カエサルがルビコン川を渡り、ローマ内戦は始まった。ルビコンを渡った後にイタリア半島を南下するカエサル派に対して、ポンペイウスはローマから逃れた。ポンペイウスはブルンディシウムまで撤退した後、かつて自らが征服した東方属州へ渡って軍を再編してカエサルと争う方針を決め、多くの元老院議員もポンペイウスへ従って、ギリシアへと向かった。", "グナエウス・カルプルニウス・ピソ\nグナエウス・カルプルニウス・ピソ（Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso, 紀元前44年 - 20年）は、ユリウス・クラウディウス朝の元老院議員。ヒスパニアの総督、およびプロコンスルとしてアフリカを統治した。ゲルマニクスの殺害の嫌疑をかけられた。9年にはコンスル職に就任している。" ]

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[ "คณะราษฎร\nคณะราษฎร (อ่านว่า \"คะ-นะ-ราด-สะ-ดอน\";[1] มักสะกดผิดเป็น คณะราษฎร์) คือ กลุ่มบุคคลที่ดำเนินการการปฏิวัติสยาม พ.ศ. 2475 ยึดอำนาจจากพระบาทสมเด็จพระปกเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว และเปลี่ยนแปลงระบอบการปกครองของประเทศสยาม จากสมบูรณาญาสิทธิราชย์มาเป็นราชาธิปไตยภายใต้รัฐธรรมนูญ อาจได้ชื่อว่าเป็นพรรคการเมืองพรรคแรกของไทย" ]

[ "คณะราษฎร\nโดยที่ประชุมคณะราษฎรตกลงกันว่า ในเรื่องของการปฏิวัติ ตลอดจนสถาปนาความมั่นคง และความปลอดภัยของบรรดาสมาชิก และของประเทศ เป็นหน้าที่ของฝ่ายทหาร และในส่วนของการร่างคำประกาศ ตลอดจนการร่างกฎหมาย และการวางเค้าโครงต่าง ๆ ของประเทศ เป็นหน้าที่ของฝ่ายพลเรือน[4]", "คณะราษฎร\nและได้ทำการประชุมครั้งแรกที่บ้านพักเลขที่ 9 ถนนซอเมอราร์ในกรุงปารีส ประเทศฝรั่งเศส เมื่อวันที่ 5 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2469 ซึ่งติดต่อกันนานถึง 4 คืน 5 วัน โดยมีร้อยโท แปลก ที่สมาชิกคณะราษฎรคนอื่น ๆ เรียกว่า \"กัปตัน\" เป็นประธานในการประชุม[3] ที่ประชุมมีมติตกลงที่จะทำการเปลี่ยนแปลงการปกครองจากระบอบสมบูรณาญาสิทธิราชย์ มาเป็นการปกครองในระบอบประชาธิปไตยที่มีกษัตริย์อยู่ใต้กฎหมาย โดยตกลงที่ใช้วิธีการ \"ยึดอำนาจโดยฉับพลัน\" รวมทั้งพยายามหลีกเลี่ยงการนองเลือด เหมือนกับที่เคยเกิดขึ้นแล้วในการปฏิวัติฝรั่งเศสและการปฏิวัติรัสเซีย[4] ทั้งนี้เพื่อเป็นการป้องกันการถือโอกาสเข้ามาแทรกแซงจากมหาอำนาจที่มีอาณานิคมอยู่ล้อมรอบสยามในสมัยนั้น คือ อังกฤษและฝรั่งเศส[5]", "เศรษฐยาธิปไตย\nเศรษฐยาธิปไตย[1] หรือ ธนาธิปไตย (Greek: πλοῦτος, ploutos, 'ความมั่งคั่ง' + κράτος, kratos, 'ปกครอง' - English: plutocracy, plutarchy) เป็นระบอบการปกครองที่คนมีเงินเป็นผู้ถือครองอำนาจทางการเมือง[2] โดยเป็นรูปแบบหนึ่งของคณาธิปไตย และสามารถนิยามด้วยว่า เป็นสังคมที่ปกครองหรือควบคุมโดยประชาชนที่มั่งคั่งที่สุดส่วนน้อย เป็นการเมืองเพื่ออำนาจ เพื่อผลประโยชน์ และสิทธิพิเศษ ของกลุ่มคนที่มีอำนาจทางการเมือง โดยต้องใช้เงินเป็นองค์ประกอบหลัก[3] มีการใช้คำทำนองนี้เป็นครั้งแรกในปี พ.ศ. 2195[4] โดยไม่เหมือนกับระบบประชาธิปไตย สังคมนิยม หรืออนาธิปไตย เศรษฐยาธิปไตยไม่มีมูลฐานจากปรัชญาการเมือง และชนมั่งคั่งในสังคมอาจสนับสนุนให้ใช้เศรษฐยาธิปไตยโดยไม่ได้ทำตรง ๆ หรือทำอย่างปกปิด คำนี้จึงมักใช้ในทางลบ[5]", "พุทธชยันตี 2600 ปี แห่งการตรัสรู้\n3. ราษฎรพิธี ได้แก่ พิธีต่าง ๆ ที่ วัด พระสงฆ์ องค์กรภาคเอกชน รวมทั้งประชาชนร่วมกันจัดขึ้นด้วยความศรัทธา ในรูปแบบต่าง ๆ เช่น กิจกรรมการเวียนเทียน การจัดทำบุญและถวายมหาสังฆทาน กิจกรรมอัญเชิญพระบรมสารีริกธาตุ กิจกรรมงานวัดลอยฟ้า กิจกรรมฉายภาพยนตร์สื่อธรรมะทางพระพุทธศาสนา กิจกรรมตักบาตรพระ 1,000,000 รูป เป็นต้น", "สภานิติบัญญัติ\nสภานิติบัญญัติเป็นสภาปรึกษาหารือชนิดหนึ่งซึ่งมีอำนาจผ่าน แก้ไขเพิ่มเติมและยกเลิกกฎหมาย กฎหมายที่เกิดจากสภานิติบัญญัติเรียก กฎหมายลายลักษณ์อักษร นอกเหนือไปจากการตรากฎหมายแล้ว สภานิติบัญญัติยังมีอำนาจสิทธิ์ขาดในการเพิ่มหรือลดภาษีและมีมติเห็นชอบงบประมาณและร่างกฎหมายเกี่ยวด้วยการเงินอื่น สภานิติบัญญัติมีหลายชื่อ ที่พบมากที่สุด คือ รัฐสภาและคองเกรส (congress) โดยสองคำนี้มีความหมายจำเพาะกว่า", "ประชากร\nประชากร หมายถึง หมู่คนหรือสิ่งมีชีวิตสปีชีส์หนึ่ง ที่อาศัยอยู่ในพื้นที่ทางภูมิศาสตร์เดียวกัน ในระยะเวลาเดียวกัน", "คณะราษฎร\nร้อยโท ประยูร ภมรมนตรี นักเรียนวิชารัฐศาสตร์ ประเทศฝรั่งเศส ปรีดี พนมยงค์ นักเรียนวิชากฎหมาย ประเทศฝรั่งเศส ร้อยโท แปลก ขีตตะสังคะ นักเรียนวิชาทหารปืนใหญ่ ประเทศฝรั่งเศส ร้อยตรี ทัศนัย มิตรภักดี นักเรียนวิชาทหารม้า ประเทศฝรั่งเศส ตั้ว ลพานุกรม นักเรียนวิชาวิทยาศาสตร์ ประเทศสวิตเซอร์แลนด์ จรูญ สิงหเสนี[remark 2] ผู้ช่วยราชการสถานทูตสยามในประเทศฝรั่งเศส แนบ พหลโยธิน นักเรียนวิชากฎหมาย ประเทศอังกฤษ", "คณะองคมนตรีไทย\nคำ \"องคมนตรี\" ในภาษาไทย เกิดขึ้นครั้งแรกในรัชกาลที่ 5 เมื่อพระบาทสมเด็จพระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัวทรงตั้งสภาขึ้น 2 สภา คือ สภาที่ปรึกษาราชการแผ่นดิน (Council of state) จำนวน 12 คน เมื่อวันที่ 8 พฤษภาคม พ.ศ. 2417 (ต่อมาเมื่อ พ.ศ. 2437 ได้ยกเลิกไปและจัดตั้ง รัฐมนตรีสภา ขึ้นแทน) และปรีวีเคาน์ซิล (Privy council) หรือ ที่ปฤกษาในพระองค์ จำนวน 49 คน เมื่อวันที่ 15 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2417 (ต่อมาเปลี่ยนชื่อเป็น องคมนตรีสภา)", "สภาผู้แทนราษฎร\nสภาผู้แทนราษฎร เป็นหน่วยหนึ่งในกระบวนการนิติบัญญัติ โดยทั่วไปมักเป็นสภาล่างในระบบสภาคู่", "คณะราษฎร\nปัจจุบันสมาชิกคณะราษฎรทั้งหมดเสียชีวิตแล้ว โดยคนสุดท้ายที่เสียชีวิตคือ ร้อยโท กระจ่าง ตุลารักษ์ เสียชีวิตเมื่อวันที่ 24 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2552 ด้วยอายุ 98 ปี[8]", "ระบบสองสภา\nระบบสองสภา (อังกฤษ: \"bicameralism\" -bi + Latin \"camera\" หรือ chamber) เป็นระบบการปกครองที่มีองค์นิติบัญญัติสององค์หรือมีรัฐสภาสองสภา ดังนั้น ระบบสองสภา หรือ สององค์นิติบัญญัติจึงประกอบด้วย 2 องค์ประชุมคือสภาสูงและสภาล่าง ระบบสองสภานับเป็นหัวใจสำคัญของรูปแบบคลาสสิกของรัฐบาลผสม องค์นิติบัญญัติแบบสองสภาจึงจำเป็นต้องมีเสียงข้างมากในการผ่านกฎหมาย", "รายาห์\nแต่ในความหมายร่วมสมัยและความหมายใหม่มักจะหมายถึงผู้ที่ไม่ใช่มุสลิมโดยเฉพาะ บางครั้งคำนี้ก็จะแปลว่า “วัว” (cattle) แทนที่จะแปลว่า “ฝูง” หรือ “ข้าแผ่นดิน” (subjects) เพื่อเป็นการเน้นว่ารายาห์เป็นชนชั้นที่ต่ำกว่าชนชั้นอื่น แต่คำเดียวกันนี้ใช้โดยคริสเตียนอาหรับที่หมายถึงผู้ที่เป็นสมาชิกของวัด", "รายนามรัฐมนตรีของไทยที่ไม่ได้ประจำกระทรวง\nคณะรัฐมนตรีคณะที่ 1 ของไทย ประกอบด้วยกรรมการราษฎร จำนวน 14 คน และหัวหน้ารัฐบาลเรียกว่า \"ประธานคณะกรรมการราษฎร\" เทียบเท่าตำแหน่งนายกรัฐมนตรี ต่อมาตั้งแต่คณะรัฐมนตรีคณะที่ 2 ได้เปลี่ยนชื่อตำแหน่งจาก \"กรรมการราษฎร\" เป็น \"รัฐมนตรี\" โดยมีทั้งรัฐมนตรีว่าการกระทรวง และ รัฐมนตรี (ช่วยราชการกระทรวงต่างๆ แต่ไม่ได้ระบุชื่อกระทรวงในชื่อตำแหน่ง หรือ \"รัฐมนตรีลอย\")", "คณะองคมนตรีไทย\nคณะองคมนตรี</b>ในประเทศไทย คือกลุ่มบุคคลที่ให้คำปรึกษาแก่พระมหากษัตริย์ โดยในอดีตเคยใช้ชื่อ ปรีวีเคาน์ซิล (สภาที่ปฤกษาในพระองค์), องคมนตรีสภา, และ สภากรรมการองคมนตรี ตามลำดับ ก่อนจะเปลี่ยนมาเป็นชื่อปัจจุบัน", "การลงประชาทัณฑ์\nการลงประชาทัณฑ์หรือการรุมประชาทัณฑ์ () หมายถึง การที่ฝูงชนกลุ้มรุมทำร้าย เป็นการลงโทษบุคคล ที่ตนเข้าใจหรือนึกว่ามีความผิด โดยไม่ดำเนินการตามกระบวนการยุติธรรม การลงประชาทัณฑ์ยังอาจใช้เพื่อข่มขู่ ควบคุมหรือชักใยประชากร การลงประชาทัณฑ์นี้เกี่ยวเนื่องกับวิธีการควบคุมทางสังคมอื่น ๆ ซึ่งเกิดขึ้นในชุมชน การลงประชาทัณฑ์เกิดขึ้นบ่อยครั้งกว่าในช่วงที่เกิดความตึงเครียดทางสังคมและเศรษฐกิจ และมักเป็นวิธีที่ประชากรที่ครอบงำทางการเมืองใช้เพื่อบีบบังคับคู่แข่งทางสังคม", "รัฐสภาสหรัฐ\nรัฐสภาสหรัฐ () เป็นสภานิติบัญญัติสูงสุดในระบบการปกครองสหรัฐ ซึ่งเป็นระบบสภาคู่ ที่ประกอบด้วย วุฒิสภา (Senate) และ สภาผู้แทนราษฎร (House of Representatives) สมาชิกของทั้งสองสภาได้รับเลือกจากประชาชนโดยตรง", "พรรคราษฎร\nพรรคราษฎร อาจหมายถึง", "คณะกรรมการ\nคณะกรรมการ (ถ้าหมายถึงคนเดียวจะเรียกว่า กรรมการ) คือการชุมนุมเพื่อปรึกษาหารือ (deliberative assembly) ของบุคคลกลุ่มเล็ก ๆ กลุ่มหนึ่ง ซึ่งโดยปกติจะอยู่ภายใต้บังคับบัญชาของการชุมนุมหรือองค์กรอื่นที่ใหญ่กว่า คณะกรรมการระดับสูงสุดอาจเรียกว่า คณะกรรมาธิการ คณะกรรมการมีหน้าที่หลายอย่างแตกต่างกันไปตามวัตถุประสงค์ของการก่อตั้ง อาทิ", "ลัทธิอิงสามัญชน\nประชานิยม () นิยามว่าเป็นอุดมการณ์ หรือที่พบได้น้อยกว่าว่าเป็น ปรัชญการเมือง หรือเป็นวาทกรรมประเภทหนึ่ง นั่นคือ แนวคิดทางสังคมการเมืองซึ่งเปรียบ \"ประชาชน\" กับ \"อภิชน\" และกระตุ้นการเปลี่ยนแปลงระบบสังคมและการเมือง นอกจากนี้ ประชานิยมยังสามารถนิยามได้ว่าเป็นรูปแบบวาทศิลป์ซึ่งสมาชิกความเคลื่อนไหวภาคการเมืองหรือสังคมหลายคนใช้ พจนานุกรมเคมบริดจ์นิยามว่าเป็น \"แนวคิดและกิจกรรมทางการเมืองอันมีเจตนาเพื่อเป็นตัวแทนของความต้องการและความปรารถนาทั่วไปของประชาชน\" ประชานิยมสามารถเข้าใจได้ว่าเป็นวาทกรรมการเมืองซึ่งดึงดูดใจประชากรส่วนใหญ่ โดยไม่คำนึงถึงความแตกต่างของชนชั้นและการถือพวกทางการเมือง ประชานิยมนั้นตรงกันข้ามกับรัฐนิยม ซึ่งถือว่านักการเมืองอาชีพเพียงจำนวนหนึ่งมีความรู้ดีกว่าประชาชนและการตัดสินใจของรัฐในนามของพวกนั้น อย่างไรก็ตาม มีการอธิบายว่าผู้นิยมประชานิยมนั้นค้ำจุนรัฐบาลอำนาจนิยม อันเกิดจากกระบวนการปลุกระดมทางการเมืองซึ่งผู้นำจะปราศรัยแก่มวลชนโดยปราศจากการประนีประนอมของพรรคหรือสถาบันใด ๆ", "คฤหาสน์ชนบท\n“คฤหาสน์ชนบท” ไม่แต่จะเป็นสถานที่สำหรับการไปพักผ่อนในวันหยุดของชนชั้นเจ้านายเท่านั้นแต่มักจะเป็นที่อยู่ถาวรของผู้ดีชนบท (gentry) ที่ชนชั้นปกครองของอังกฤษกลุ่มหนึ่งที่ปกครองอังกฤษมาจนกระทั่งการออก พระราชบัญญัติผู้แทนราษฎร ค.ศ. 1832 (Representation of the People Act) แม้แต่ธุรกิจก็ทำกันภายในห้องโถงของคฤหาสน์", "วุฒิสภา\nวุฒิสภา เป็นหน่วยหนึ่งในกระบวนการนิติบัญญัติ โดยทั่วไปมักเป็นสภาสูงในระบบสภาคู่ วุฒิสภาดั้งเดิมนั้นคือวุฒิสภาโรมัน", "พรรคราษฎร (พ.ศ. 2517)\nพรรคราษฎร () พรรคการเมืองของไทยในอดีตที่จดทะเบียนจัดตั้ง\nตาม รัฐธรรมนูญแห่งราชอาณาจักรไทย พุทธศักราช 2517 และ พระราชบัญญัติพรรคการเมือง พ.ศ. 2517 เป็นลำดับที่ ๘/๒๕๑๗ เมื่อวันที่ 19 พฤศจิกายน พ.ศ. 2517 มีนาย ไถง สุวรรณทัต อดีตผู้อำนวยการสร้างภาพยนตร์ อดีตเจ้าของหมู่บ้านเศรษฐกิจ ธนบุรี และอดีต ส.ส. พรรคประชาธิปัตย์ 5 สมัยเจ้าของฉายา ผู้แทนขาเดียว หรือ ไถงขาเดียว เนื่องจากโดนคนร้ายปาระเบิดจนขาขวาขาดเป็นหัวหน้าพรรคและนาย ไพรรัตน์ วิเศษโกสิน เป็นเลขาธิการพรรค ", "คณะกรรมการราษฎร\nโดยที่ธรรมนูญการปกครองแผ่นดิน มาตรา 33 บัญญัติว่า \"ให้สภาเลือกตั้งสมาชิกสภาผู้หนึ่งเป็นประธานกรรมการ และให้ผู้เป็นประธานนั้นเลือกสมาชิกในสภาอีก 14 นาย เพื่อเป็นกรรมการ การเลือกนี้เมื่อได้รับความเห็นชอบของสภาแล้ว ให้ถือว่าผู้ได้รับเลือกเป็นกรรมการของสภา\"", "สภาล่าง\nสภาล่าง (อังกฤษ: \"lower house\") เป็นหนึ่งในสองสภาของระบบสองสภา อีกสภาหนึ่งได้แก่ สภาสูง ในแต่ละประเทศ สภาล่างจะมีชื่อเรียกแตกต่างกันออกไป ตัวอย่างสภาล่าง เช่น สภาผู้แทนราษฎร", "หลัก 6 ประการของคณะราษฎร\nส่วนในรัฐพิธีสมัยนั้น ก็นิยมการประดับธง 6 ผืนพร้อมกับประดับพานรัฐธรรมนูญ หรือสิ่งอื่นใดที่จะสื่อถึงรัฐธรรมนูญและหลัก 6 ประการ", "รัฐวิสาหกิจไทย\nภายหลังจากการเปลี่ยนแปลงการปกครอง พ.ศ. 2475 เป็นต้นมา คณะราษฎรได้กลายเป็นชนชั้นปกครองใหม่ที่ควบคุมอำนาจทางการเมืองทางการทหารและทรัพยากรทั้งหมดของรัฐในฐานะที่เป็นผู้ควบคุมทุนของรัฐ และเป็นผู้ที่ออกกฎหมายต่างๆ เพื่อสนับสนุนให้เกิดความชอบธรรมแก่การจัดสรรทรัพยากรเหล่านั้น คณะราษฎรได้นำทุนของรัฐไปสร้างรัฐวิสาหกิจ และบริษัทกึ่งราชการขึ้นจำนวนหนึ่งโดยรัฐบาลเป็นผู้ถือหุ้นรายใหญ่ และอยู่ภายใต้การบริหารงานของข้าราชการที่มาจากคณะราษฎร หรือบุคคลที่ใกล้ชิดกับคณะราษฎร", "ปรีดี พนมยงค์\nในขณะที่อยู่ในประเทศฝรั่งเศส ปรีดี พนมยงค์ ได้ร่วมกับเพื่อนอีก 6 คน ประชุมอย่างเป็นทางการครั้งแรกเพื่อก่อตั้ง \"คณะราษฎร\" เมื่อเดือนกุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2469 ณ หอพักแห่งหนึ่งย่าน \"Rue Du Sommerard\" กรุงปารีส ผู้ร่วมประชุมประกอบด้วย ร.ท.ประยูร ภมรมนตรี, ร.ท.แปลก ขิตตะสังคะ, ร.ต.ทัศนัย มิตรภักดี, ภก.ตั้ว ลพานุกรม, หลวงสิริราชไมตรี (จรูญ สิงหเสนี), นายแนบ พหลโยธิน โดยมีวัตถุประสงค์คือ เปลี่ยนการปกครองจากระบอบสมบูรณาญาสิทธิราชย์มาเป็นระบอบราชาธิปไตยภายใต้รัฐธรรมนูญ และการดำเนินเพื่อให้สยามบรรลุหลัก 6 ประการ คือวันที่ 24 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2475 ปรีดีร่วมกับสมาชิกคณะราษฎรที่ประกอบด้วยกลุ่มทหารบก ทหารเรือ และพลเรือน ยึดอำนาจการปกครองประเทศจากพระบาทสมเด็จพระปกเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว เพื่อเปลี่ยนแปลงการปกครองได้สำเร็จโดยไม่มีการเสียเลือดเนื้อ หลังจากนั้นคณะราษฎรโดยปรีดี พนมยงค์ ได้จัดให้มีการประชุมระหว่างคณะราษฎร และเสนาบดี ปลัดทูลฉลอง ขึ้น ณ พระที่นั่งอนันตสมาคม เพื่อชี้แจงจุดประสงค์ หลักการระบอบใหม่ กฎหมายพระธรรมนูญการปกครองแผ่นดินโดยย่อ และขอความร่วมมือในการบริหารราชการแผ่นดินต่อไป", "คณะองคมนตรี\nคณะองคมนตรี () คือ กลุ่มบุคคลที่ให้คำปรึกษาแก่ประมุขแห่งรัฐ โดยทั่วไปในประเทศที่ปกครองแบบราชาธิปไตย", "ลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์\nในทางรัฐศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์ ลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์ (English: communism; communis แปลว่า \"ร่วมกัน\" หรือ \"สากล\")[1][2] คืออุดมการณ์และขบวนการทางสังคม การเมือง และเศรษฐกิจ ซึ่งมีจุดมุ่งหมายสูงสุดคือการสถาปนาสังคมคอมมิวนิสต์ อันเป็นระเบียบทางสังคมบนพื้นฐานของความเป็นเจ้าของร่วมกัน (Common ownership) ของปัจจัยการผลิต (Means of production) และปราศจากชนชั้นทางสังคม เงินตรา[3][4] และรัฐ[5][6]", "เขมรแดง\nประชากรที่อพยพออกจากเมืองจะถูกเรียกว่าประชาชนใหม่ ส่วนประชาชนที่อยู่ในเขตชนบทดั้งเดิมถูกเรียกว่าประชาชนเก่า ในระดับล่างสุดของสังคมคือกรม ประกอบด้วย 10 – 15 ครอบครัว กรมบริหารโดยคณะกรรมการสามคน ประธาน พรรคคอมมิวนิสต์เป็นผู้เลือก มีหน้าที่เผยแพร่ความเป็นสังคมนิยมแก่ประชาชนและรายงานขึ้นไปเป็นลำดับชั้น ในระยะแรกมีประชาชนใหม่อยู่ราว 2.5 ล้านคน ประชาชนใหม่ถูกบังคับให้ใช้แรงงานในพื้นที่ที่ยากลำบาก เช่น ในป่า ที่สูงและที่ลุ่ม และมักเกิดปัญหาขัดแย้งกับประชาชนเก่า สมาชิกในครอบครัวถูกแบ่งแยก เพราะต้องทำงานตามอายุและเพศ และมีการแบ่งไปทำงานยังส่วนต่าง ๆ ของประเทศ ประชาชนเก่าจะได้รับการปฏิบัติจากเขมรแดงดีกว่า", "คณะนักบวชภิกขาจาร\nคณะนักบวชภิกขาจาร () คือกลุ่มนักบวชที่ไม่ถือครองกรรมสิทธิ์ในทรัพย์สินใด ๆ (หรือครอบครองเฉพาะที่จำเป็น) ไม่ว่าเป็นการส่วนตัวหรือในนามองค์กร แต่อาศัยปัจจัยยังชีพจากฆราวาสหรือของที่ถูกทิ้งแล้ว และจาริกไปเรื่อย ๆ ไม่อาศัยประจำอยู่ที่แห่งใดโดยเฉพาะ นักบวชภิกขาจารในศาสนาพุทธคือพระภิกษุ ในศาสนาคริสต์คือไฟรเออร์ ในศาสนาฮินดูคือสันนยาสิน", "กลุ่มคอมมิวนิสต์ (วุฒิสภาฝรั่งเศส)\nกลุ่มคอมมิวนิสต์, สาธารณรัฐนิยม และประชาชาติ () เป็นกลุ่มการเมืองหนึ่งในหกกลุ่มในวุฒิสภาฝรั่งเศส โดยเป็นกลุ่มที่นิยมซ้ายจัด โดยรวบรวมสมาชิกวุฒิสภาสังกัดพรรคคอมมิวนิสต์ฝรั่งเศส (PCF) และพรรคคอมมิวนิสต์แห่งเรอูนียง (PCR) และพรรค MUP ซึ่งเป็นพรรคการเมืองร่วมอุดมการณ์เดียวกัน", "สภาแห่งชาติลาว\n“ประธานประเทศ” ดำรงตำแหน่งประมุขสูงสุดของรัฐ และมีองค์กรบริหารหลักของรัฐ 4 องค์กร คือ สภาแห่งชาติ คณะรัฐบาล ศาลประชาชน และองค์การอัยการประชาชน\n“สภาแห่งชาติ” ถือเป็นองค์กรตัวแทนของประชาชน เป็นองค์การตัวแทนแห่งสิทธิ อำนาจ และ ผลประโยชน์ของประชาชน เป็นองค์การอำนาจแห่งรัฐ และเป็นองค์การนิติบัญญัติที่มี สิทธิพิจารณาข้อตัดสินใจหรือปัญหาสำคัญของชาติ รวมทั้ง ติดตามตรวจสอบการดำเนินงานของคณะรัฐบาล ศาลประชาชน และ องค์การอัยการประชาชนประชาชนเป็นผู้เลือกตั้งสมาชิกสภาแห่งชาติเพื่อเป็นตัวแทนแห่งสิทธิ อำนาจ และคุ้มครองดูแลผลประโยชน์ของชาติ สังคม และส่วนรวมการเลือกตั้งสมาชิกสภาแห่งชาติปฏิบัติตามหลักการเสมอภาพ ลงคะแนนโดยตรงและลับ ประชาชนผู้มีสิทธิเลือกตั้งมีสิทธิเสนอถอดถอนผู้แทนของตนได้ หากประพฤติตนไม่สมเกียรติ ศักดิ์ศรี และขาดความไว้วางใจจากประชาชน โดยบริหารงานตามหลักการประชาธิปไตยประชาชนแบบรวมศูนย์อำนาจ\nสาธารณรัฐประชาธิปไตยประชาชนลาวมี “รัฐธรรมนูญ” เป็นกฎหมายพื้นฐานแห่งรัฐ การดำเนินงานของสภาแห่งชาติปฏิบัติตาม “กฎหมายว่าด้วยสภาแห่งชาติ” และการเลือกตั้งสมาชิกสภาแห่งชาติปฏิบัติตาม “กฎหมายว่าด้วยการเลือกตั้งสมาชิกสภาแห่งชาติ”", "คณะกรรมการราษฎร\nคณะกรรมการราษฎร (28 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2475 - 10 ธันวาคม พ.ศ. 2475) นับเป็นคณะรัฐมนตรีคณะแรกของประเทศสยาม", "คณะมนตรีภาวะทรัสตีแห่งสหประชาชาติ\nคณะมนตรีภาวะทรัสตีแห่งสหประชาชาติ () เป็นเสาหลักในระบบสหประชาชาติ ประกอบด้วยประเทศสมาชิกที่ปกครองดินแดนในภาวะทรัสตี ประเทศที่เป็นสมาชิกถาวรคณะมนตรีความมั่นคง และประเทศอื่น ๆ เท่าที่จำเป็น เพื่อให้ได้สัดส่วนของประเทศที่ปกครอง และมิได้ปกครองภาวะทรัสตีจำนวนเท่า ๆ กัน มีหน้าที่พิจารณารายงานของประเทศที่ทำหน้าที่ปกครองดินแดน และจัดทำข้อเสนอแนะ เพื่อเร่งรัดการให้ดินแดนในภาวะทรัสตีเจริญก้าวหน้ารวดเร็ว สามารถปกครองตนเองหรือเป็นเอกราชได้", "คณะราษฎร\nสมาชิกคณะราษฎรแบ่งเป็นสามสายคือ สายทหารบก สายทหารเรือ สายพลเรือน โดยสมาชิกที่สำคัญในการก่อตั้งคณะราษฎร ในแต่ละสายได้แก่", "คณะราษฎร\nภายหลังเปลี่ยนแปลงการปกครองสำเร็จแล้ว นับว่าคณะราษฎรได้มีบทบาทและอิทธิพลอย่างสูงในทางการเมืองและสังคมของประเทศไทย เป็นระยะเวลาประมาณ 15 ปี จนกระทั่งมาหมดบทบาทอย่างสิ้นเชิงในปลายปี พ.ศ. 2490 จากการรัฐประหารของคณะนายทหาร ภายใต้การนำของพลโท ผิน ชุณหะวัณ และจากนั้นได้ให้จอมพล ป. พิบูลสงคราม ขึ้นดำรงตำแหน่งนายกรัฐมนตรี ถึงแม้จอมพล ป. จะเป็นสมาชิกคณะราษฎรก็ตาม แต่สมาชิกและบุคคลร่วมคณะในรัฐบาลก็มิได้เป็นสมาชิกคณะราษฎรเลย โดยรัฐประหารครั้งนั้นถือได้ว่าเป็นการล้างอำนาจทางการเมืองของคณะราษฎรเสียสิ้น[5] และจากนั้นต่อมาแม้สมาชิกคณะราษฎรหลายคนจะยังมีชีวิตอยู่ และยังอยู่ในเส้นทางสายการเมืองก็ตาม แต่ก็มิได้มีบทบาทอย่างสูงเหมือนแต่ก่อนอีกแล้ว[7][2]", "คณะองคมนตรีไทย\nต่อมาเมื่อมีการปฏิวัติเปลี่ยนแปลงการปกครองจากระบอบสมบูรณาญาสิทธิราชย์ไปเป็นราชาธิปไตยภายใต้รัฐธรรมนูญ ในระยะแรกคณะราษฎรได้มีประกาศยกเลิกอภิรัฐมนตรีสภา และพระราชบัญญัติองคมนตรี เมื่อวันที่ 14 กรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2475 และว่างเว้นมาเป็นเวลา 15 ปี จนกระทั่งในรัฐธรรมนูญ พ.ศ. 2490 จึงมีบทบัญญัติคล้ายคลึงกันโดยกำหนดให้มี \"คณะอภิรัฐมนตรี\" ทำหน้าที่นี้ ซึ่งเปลี่ยนชื่อเป็น \"คณะองคมนตรี\" ในรัฐธรรมนูญ พ.ศ. 2492 และใช้มาตราบจนถึงปัจจุบัน", "สภานิติบัญญัติกาตาลุญญา\nสภานิติบัญญัติกาตาลุญญา (; ) หรือ สภานิติบัญญัติกาตาลุญญอ (อารัน: ) เป็นสภานิติบัญญัติระบบสภาเดียวของกาตาลุญญา ทำหน้าที่เป็นตัวแทนประชาชนกาตาลุญญาและใช้อำนาจออกกฎหมายต่าง ๆ อนุมัติงบประมาณรายจ่ายของฌานาราลิตัตดากาตาลุญญา และควบคุมหรือผลักดันให้เกิดการกระทำทางการเมืองของฝ่ายบริหาร ปัจจุบันสภานี้ประกอบด้วยสมาชิก 135 คน ซึ่งมาจากการเลือกตั้งทางตรงด้วยสิทธิออกเสียงเลือกตั้งทั่วไปทุก 4 ปี", "ประเทศฝรั่งเศส\nรัฐสภาฝรั่งเศสนั้นแบ่งออกเป็น 2 สภาได้แก่ สภาผู้แทนราษฎร (Assemblée Nationale) และ วุฒิสภา (Sénat) สมาชิกสภาผู้แทนราษฎรเป็นตัวแทนในเขตเลือกตั้ง มาจากการเลือกตั้งโดยตรง มีวาระ 5 ปี สภาผู้แทนราษฎรมีอำนาจในการอภิปรายไม่ไว้วางใจคณะรัฐมนตรีและเสียงข้างมากในสภาสามารถกำหนดการตัดสินใจของรัฐบาลอีกด้วย สมาชิกวุฒิสภามาจากการเลือกของคณะผู้เลือกตั้ง มีวาระ 6 ปี (เดิม 9 ปี)", "พระราชาคณะ\nพระราชาคณะ หมายถึงพระภิกษุที่ได้รับสถาปนาให้มีสมณศักดิ์ตั้งแต่ชั้นสามัญจนถึงชั้นสมเด็จพระราชาคณะ ในสมัยกรุงศรีอยุธยาเรียกว่าพระสังฆราชาคณะ หมายความว่าเจ้าคณะผู้ปกครองสงฆ์ ต่อมาในสมักรุงรัตนโกสินทร์เปลี่ยนเป็นพระราชาคณะ ความหมายยังคงเดิม มีคำนำหน้าราชทินนามว่าพระ แต่ภาษาชาวบ้านเรียกกันว่าเจ้าคุณหรือท่านเจ้าคุณ ถ้าเป็นสมเด็จพระราชาคณะเรียกว่าท่านเจ้าประคุณ แยกเป็นลำดับดังนี้พระราชาคณะสามารถแต่งตั้งฐานานุกรมได้ ตามจำนวนที่ระบุไว้ในสัญญาบัตร", "สภานิติบัญญัติแห่งชาติ (ประเทศไทย)\nสภานิติบัญญัติแห่งชาติ ในประเทศไทย หมายถึง สภาที่ทำหน้าที่ออกกฎหมายแทนสภาผู้แทนราษฎรและวุฒิสภา เกิดขึ้นหลังจากคณะรัฐประหารยึดอำนาจการปกครองจากรัฐบาลพลเรือนและประกาศใช้ธรรมนูญการปกครองหรือรัฐธรรมนูญชั่วคราวแทนรัฐธรรมนูญถาวร สภานิติบัญญัติแห่งชาติมีลักษณะเป็นสภาเดี่ยวซึ่งได้รับการแต่งตั้งจากคณะรัฐประหาร ซึ่งรัฐธรรมนูญบางฉบับอาจกำหนดให้สภานิติบัญญัติแห่งชาติมีอำนาจหน้าที่ร่างรัฐธรรมนูญอีกหน้าที่หนึ่ง", "กองทัพไทย\nเมื่อวันที่ 6 กุมภาพันธ์ 2554 กลุ่มนิติราษฎร์จัดการเสวนาวิพากษ์บทบาทกองทัพต่อการเมืองในระบอบประชาธิปไตย ซึ่งพันเอก อภิวันท์ วิริยะชัย ผู้ร่วมเสวนาคนหนึ่ง ว่า ประเทศไทยเป็นประเทศเดียวในโลกที่ทุกครั้งที่มีรัฐประหาร หัวหน้าคณะจะได้รับโปรดเกล้าฯ ให้เป็นหัวหน้าคณะ จะเห็นว่าเป็นการเกื้อกูลกันระหว่างกองทัพกับสถาบันพระมหากษัตริย์มาตั้งแต่ปี 2490 คณะใดที่ไม่ได้รับการโปรดเกล้า คณะนั้นก็จะเป็นกบฏ", "หลัก 6 ประการของคณะราษฎร\nหลัก 6 ประการของคณะราษฎรซึ่งสรุปคำใจความหลักได้ว่า \"\"เอกราช ปลอดภัย เศรษฐกิจ เสมอภาค เสรีภาพ การศึกษา\"\" นี้ ได้รับการอ้างอิงหลายครั้งในงานสถาปัตยกรรม ศิลปกรรม และรัฐพิธีในสมัยนั้น", "สาธารณรัฐนิยม\nสาธารณรัฐนิยม (ภาษาอังกฤษ : Republicanism) เป็นคตินิยมของการเป็นพลเมืองในรัฐที่ปกครองแบบสาธารณรัฐ ซึ่งอำนาจอธิปไตยถือว่า เป็นอำนาจอธิปไตยของปวงชน (popular sovereignty) ประเทศบางประเทศเป็นสาธารณรัฐในแง่ที่ว่า รัฐเหล่านั้นไม่ได้มีระบอบการปกครองโดยกษัตริย์ แต่ว่าไม่ได้ยึดเอาอุดมคติของสาธารณรัฐนิยมเป็นฐาน", "พรรคราษฎร (พ.ศ. 2529)\nการเลือกตั้งสมาชิกสภาผู้แทนราษฎรไทยเป็นการทั่วไป กันยายน พ.ศ. 2535 ซึ่งมีขึ้นเมื่อวันที่ 13 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2535 พรรคราษฎร มีสมาชิกที่ได้รับเลือกตั้งเป็นสมาชิกสภาผู้แทนราษฎร จำนวน 1 คน คือ ชัยภักดิ์ ศิริวัฒน์ หัวหน้าพรรคฯ จากจังหวัดอุตรดิตถ์ เขต 1", "คณะกรรมการราษฎร\nพระบาทสมเด็จพระปกเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว รัชกาลที่ 7 ได้ทรงพระราชทานพระบรมราชานุมัติ ให้ใช้พระราชบัญญัติธรรมนูญการปกครองแผ่นดินสยามชั่วคราว พุทธศักราช 2475 เมื่อวันที่ 27 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2475 และในวันที่ 28 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2475 สภาผู้แทนราษฎรอันประกอบด้วย สมาชิกซึ่งคณะผู้รักษาพระนครฝ่ายทหารได้ตั้งขึ้น จำนวน 70 นาย ได้ประชุมกันเป็นครั้งแรก ณ พระที่นั่งอนันตสมาคม", "สภาผู้แทนราษฎรฝรั่งเศส\nสภาผู้แทนราษฎรแห่งสาธารณรัฐฝรั่งเศส (, ; ) เป็นสภาล่างในรัฐสภาฝรั่งเศส ประกอบด้วยสมาชิกห้าร้อยเจ็ดสิบเจ็ดคน เรียกว่า \"ผู้แทน\" (; ) ผู้แทนสองร้อยแปดสิบเก้าคนถือเป็นจำนวนเสียงส่วนใหญ่ในสภา และมีประธานสภาคนหนึ่งเป็นผู้ควบคุมการประชุม และมีรองประธานสภาอีกหนึ่งคนหรือกว่านั้น", "มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์\nเป็นเหตุการณ์สำคัญที่ก่อให้เกิด มหาวิทยาลัยวิชาธรรมศาสตร์และการเมือง เนื่องจากในคำประกาศของคณะราษฎร ระบุว่า การที่ราษฎรยังถูกดูหมิ่นว่ายังโง่อยู่ ไม่พร้อมกับระบอบประชาธิปไตยนั้น “เป็นเพราะขาดการศึกษา ที่พวกเจ้าปกปิดไว้ไม่ให้เรียนเต็มที่”[8] เป็นผลให้ในหลัก 6 ประการของคณะราษฎร ประการที่ 6 ระบุว่า “จะต้องให้การศึกษาอย่างเต็มที่แก่ราษฎร”[8] สถาบันศึกษาแบบใหม่ ที่เปิดกว้างให้ประชาชนชาวสยาม ได้รับการศึกษาชั้นสูง โดยเฉพาะที่จะรองรับการปกครองบ้านเมืองที่เปลี่ยนไป จึงเป็นสิ่งที่จำเป็นต้องมีควบคู่ไปกับการปฏิวัติ", "ประชาน\nประชาน[1] หรือ ปริชาน[2] หรือ การรับรู้[3] (English: Cognition) เป็น \"การกระทำหรือกระบวนการทางใจเพื่อให้ได้ความรู้ความเข้าใจผ่านความคิด ประสบการณ์ และประสาทสัมผัส\"[4] ซึ่งรวมกระบวนการต่าง ๆ รวมทั้ง", "สังฆราช\nสังฆราช คือพระมหาเถระผู้เป็นใหญ่สูงสุดในสังฆมณฑล[1] ในแต่ละประเทศ เช่น ประเทศพม่า ประเทศไทย ประเทศกัมพูชา มักมีพระสังฆราชเป็นของตน พระสังฆราชอาจเป็นประมุขเฉพาะคณะสงฆ์นิกายหนึ่งหรือเป็นประมุขคณะสงฆ์ทั้งปวงทุกนิกายในประเทศนั้น (ซึ่งเรียกว่าสกลมหาสังฆปริณายก[2]) คำว่า สังฆราช เป็นคำสมาสจากคำว่า สงฺฆ (พระสงฆ์) + ราช (พระราชา) ซึ่งแปลว่า พระราชาแห่งคณะสงฆ์", "หลัก 6 ประการของคณะราษฎร\nหลัก 6 ประการสามารถประมวลได้ดังนี้", "สภาแห่งรัฐ (เนเธอร์แลนด์)\nสภาแห่งรัฐ (; ) เป็นหน่วยงานในเนเธอร์แลนด์ จัดตั้งขึ้นตามรัฐธรรมนูญ ทำหน้าที่ให้คำปรึกษาแก่คณะรัฐมนตรีและสภาฐานันดร สภาแห่งรัฐมีสมาชิก 2 ประเภท คือ สมาชิกที่เป็นราชวงศ์ และสมาชิกที่พระมหากษัตริย์แต่งตั้งจากผู้มีประสบการณ์ด้านการเมือง การค้า การทูต หรือการทหาร สภาแห่งรัฐจัดตั้งขึ้นใน ค.ศ. 1531 จึงเป็นหนึ่งในหน่วยงานของรัฐที่เก่าแก่ที่สุดและยังทำหน้าที่อยู่", "สัญญาประชาคม\nสัญญาประชาคม นิยาม สัญญาประชาคม (Social Contract) เป็นการสมรสระหว่างคำสองคำ คือ คำว่า “สัญญา” ซึ่งหมายถึงข้อตกลง กับคำว่า “ประชาคม” ซึ่งหมายถึงชุมชนหรือกลุ่มชนซึ่งอยู่ร่วมกันและมีการติดต่อสัมพันธ์กัน โดยเมื่อรวมกันแล้วจะมีความหมายว่า การทำข้อตกลงกันของประชาชนในสังคมที่อยู่ร่วมกัน โดยส่วนใหญ่แล้วคำว่าสัญญาประชาคมนี้มักจะถูกนำไปใช้ในสองลักษณะ คือ ในความหมายแบบแคบที่หมายถึงตัวทฤษฎีทางรัฐศาสตร์ที่เกิดขึ้นในคริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 17-18 และในความหมายแบบกว้างที่หมายถึงพันธสัญญาทางการเมืองระหว่างนักการเมืองกับประชาชน (Kurian, 2011: 1548) ที่มา แนวคิดสัญญาประชาคมเกิดขึ้นในราวศตวรรษที่ 17 เพื่อที่จะอธิบายที่มาของสังคมการเมือง และสร้างความชอบธรรมให้แก่รัฐบาลที่ปกครองอยู่ในขณะนั้น โดยอธิบายถึงที่มาในการจัดตั้งสังคมการเมืองของมวลมนุษยชาติว่าเกิดจากการตกลงร่วมกันของมนุษย์ในสภาวะที่ยังไม่มีรัฐ หรือ สภาวะธรรมชาติ (state of nature) ที่จะยินยอมสละสิทธิบางอย่างให้แก่ผู้ปกครองเพื่อทำหน้าที่ดูแลปกครอง และจัดตั้งสังคมการเมืองขึ้นมา โดยทฤษฎีสัญญาประชาคมนี้จะแตกต่างออกไปจากแนวคิดเรื่องที่มาของรัฐที่มีอยู่เดิมตั้งแต่สมัยกรีกโบราณว่าเป็นเรื่องของธรรมชาติจากการที่มนุษย์โดยธรรมชาติเป็นสัตว์การเมือง (man is by nature a political animal) แต่ในทางกลับกันทฤษฎีสัญญาประชาคมจะอธิบายว่าสังคมการเมืองนั้นเกิดจากการที่มนุษย์ในสภาวะธรรมชาติได้ตกลงร่วมกันในการจัดตั้งสังคมการเมืองและการปกครองขึ้นมาเองในภายหลังต่างหาก (Wolff, 1996: 6-8) ในโลกตะวันตกนั้นแนวคิดทฤษฎีสัญญาประชาคมนับว่ามีความสำคัญเป็นอย่างมาก เพราะเป็นที่มาของแนวคิดเรื่องอำนาจอธิปไตยเป็นของปวงชน (โปรดดู Sovereignty of the people) เพราะการที่สังคมการเมืองเกิดขึ้นจากการตกลงกันของประชาชนในสังคม ดังนั้นความชอบธรรมของรัฐบาลหรือผู้ปกครองจึงอยู่ที่การได้รับความยินยอม และการยอมรับจากประชาชน แต่ทั้งหลายทั้งปวงแนวคิดเกี่ยวกับการกำเนิดของรัฐและสังคมโดยทฤษฎีสัญญาประชาคมที่ว่านี้เป็นเพียงการตั้งสมมติฐาน (hypothetical) ภายในห้วงความคิดของนักทฤษฎีการเมืองอย่าง โธมัส ฮอบส์ (Thomas Hobbes) จอห์น ล็อก (John Lock) หรือ ฌอง ฌากส์ รุสโซ (Jean-Jacques Rousseau) มากกว่าที่จะเกิดขึ้นจริง กล่าวคือไม่มีใครสามารถล่วงรู้ได้ว่าการตกลงทำสัญญาประชาคมนี้ได้เกิดขึ้นจริงหรือไม่ เมื่อไหร่ อย่างไร เพราะทฤษฎีนี้เพียงแต่ต้องการสร้างชุดคำอธิบายขึ้นมาเพื่อสร้างความชอบธรรมให้การปกครองสมัยใหม่เท่านั้นเอง (Wolff, 1996: 37-39) แต่ทว่าในปัจจุบัน คำว่า สัญญาประชาคม ในโลกตะวันตกได้ถูกนำมาใช้ในความหมายกว้าง ที่หมายถึงการทำข้อตกลงบางอย่างที่เกิดขึ้นเป็นรูปธรรมจริงมากกว่าที่จะเป็นเรื่องของทฤษฎีที่อธิบายการกำเนิดของรัฐเหมือนในศตวรรษที่ 17-18 ดังนั้น สัญญาประชาคมในยุคปัจจุบันนี้จึงหมายถึงข้อตกลงระหว่างกลุ่มผลประโยชน์ต่างๆ ในสังคมในเรื่องหนึ่งๆ เพื่อที่จะหาข้อสรุปที่เป็นฉันทามติร่วมกันระหว่างกลุ่มผลประโยชน์เหล่านั้นในสังคม นอกจากนี้ คำว่าสัญญาประชาคมในความหมายกว้างในปัจจุบันนี้มักนำมาใช้กับการให้คำมั่นสัญญาทางการเมืองระหว่างนักการเมืองกับประชาชนผ่านนโยบายในการหาเสียงเพื่อลงสมัครรับเลือกตั้งไปดำรงตำแหน่งสำคัญต่างๆ เช่น การที่ประธานาธิบดีบารัคโอบามาได้ให้สัญญากับประชาชนสหรัฐอเมริกาต่อนโยบายถอนทหาร และยุติสงครามในต่างแดน ซึ่งภายหลังจากการที่นายโอบามาได้รับการเลือกตั้งให้กลับเข้าไปดำรงตำแหน่งประธานาธิบดีสหรัฐอเมริกาอีกครั้งหนึ่งนั้น สหรัฐอเมริกาก็ได้แสดงท่าทีในการยุติสงครามในอิรัก และอัฟกานิสถาน โดยเฉพาะนโยบายการถอนทหารสหรัฐอเมริกาออกจากประเทศดังกล่าว และปล่อยให้กองกำลังความมั่นคง (security force) ของประเทศเหล่านั้นดูแลจัดการความสงบเรียบร้อยภายในประเทศเอง ซึ่งนโยบายที่ประสบความสำเร็จเหล่านี้นายโอบามาได้นำมาเป็นหนึ่งในประเด็นหลักที่เขาได้แถลงต่อสภาคองเกรสในต้นปี ค.ศ. 2013 (state of the union address) ซึ่งนอกจากจะเป็นการแสดงให้เห็นถึงการเคารพสัญญาประชาคมที่มีต่อพลเมืองสหรัฐฯ แล้ว ยังเป็นการถือโอกาสสร้างความเชื่อมั่นในหมู่ประชาชนต่อการทำสัญญาประชาคมอื่นๆ ในภายภาคหน้าต่อไปอีกด้วย จะเห็นได้ว่าลักษณะการใช้คำว่าสัญญาประชาคมในปัจจุบันนี้ มีลักษณะเป็นสัญญาที่มีการตกลง และการผูกมัดบางอย่างที่เป็นรูปธรรมขึ้นจริงในทางนโยบาย มิใช่ในลักษณะของการทำหนังสือสัญญา หากแต่เป็นการสร้างความเข้าใจที่ตรงกันระหว่างคู่สัญญาในสังคมในเรื่องความรับผิดชอบ และพันธะที่ทั้งคู่จะต้องมีให้ต่อกันดังสัญญาประชาคมที่ได้ให้ไว้ ซึ่งจะแตกต่างออกไปจากสัญญาประชาคมในทางทฤษฎีการเมืองที่เป็นเพียงการอธิบายถึงที่มาของรัฐโดยที่การตกลงกันก่อตั้งรัฐและสังคมนั้นเกิดขึ้นภายในโลกนามธรรมทางความคิดของนักทฤษฎีการเมืองเท่านั้น ส่วนการบังคับให้เป็นไปตามคำมั่นสัญญาในประชาคม จะเป็นไปตามมาตรฐานทางสังคม ( โปรดดู social norm) ที่อาจแตกต่างกันไป เช่น ในบางประเทศการคอร์รัปชั่น (โปรดดู Corruption) ถือเป็นความผิดร้ายแรง นักการเมืองที่คอร์รัปชั่นได้รับการลงโทษถึงขั้นจำคุก แต่ในสังคมไทย การเอาผิดกับนักการเมือง ตลอดจนข้าราชการ นักธุรกิจ หรือทหาร ที่ฉ้อราษฎร์บังหลวง เกิดขึ้นจริงน้อยมาก ทั้งนี้ส่วนหนึ่งเป็นเพราะสังคมไทยมีปัญหาในเรื่องที่ไม่สามารถบังคับใช้กฎหมายได้อย่างจริงจังด้วย ตัวอย่างการนำไปใช้ในประเทศไทย ในขณะที่โลกตะวันตกมีพัฒนาการของแนวคิดสัญญาประชาคมมาเกือบสี่ร้อยปีจากแนวคิดการกำเนิดของรัฐไปสู่การทำข้อตกลงของกลุ่มผลประโยชน์ต่างๆ ในสังคม แต่ในประเทศไทยนั้นกลับแยกแนวคิดทั้งสองนี้ออกเป็นคนละเรื่องกัน กล่าวคือ เมื่อกล่าวถึงคำว่าสัญญาประชาคมในการเมืองไทยตามความเข้าใจของผู้คนส่วนใหญ่จะมีความหมายเฉพาะการทำข้อตกลงที่เป็นรูปธรรมในทางนโยบายเท่านั้น ซึ่งส่วนมากจะหมายถึงข้อตกลงที่บรรดาพรรคการเมืองและนักการเมืองได้ให้สัญญากับประชาชนไว้ในขณะที่รณรงค์หาเสียงเลือกตั้งทั่วไปเพื่อชิงตำแหน่งสมาชิกสภาผู้แทนราษฎร ว่าหลังจากที่พวกเขาได้รับเลือกตั้งแล้วจะดำเนินการตามนโยบายที่ได้ให้สัญญาไว้กับประชาชน ในขณะที่สัญญาประชาคมอันเกิดจากความสัมพันธ์ทางสังคมของภาคส่วนอื่นๆ เช่น ภาคธุรกิจเอกชน หรือ ภาคส่วนสาธารณะเองที่ก็มีบทบาทและพันธะระหว่างกันในรูปแบบของสัญญาประชาคม นั่นคือ ความรับผิดชอบต่อสังคมโดยรวมในฐานะของภาคธุรกิจเอกชน หรือ ในฐานะของภาคส่วนสาธารณะด้วยกันนั้นกลับไม่ได้รับความสนใจจากผู้คนส่วนใหญ่มากเท่าที่ควร ดังนั้น จะเห็นได้ว่าการมองสัญญาประชาคมในทางปฏิบัติของการเมืองไทย มีเพียงเฉพาะมิติที่เป็นรูปธรรมเพียงมิติเดียวโดยปราศจากการพิจารณามิติทางทฤษฎีการเมืองที่เป็นนามธรรม ซึ่งทำให้การรับรู้เกี่ยวกับแนวคิดสัญญาประชาคมของไทยนั้นตัดขาดจากมิติเรื่องการยอมเสียสละสิทธิบางประการของผู้ถูกปกครองให้แก่ผู้ปกครองเพื่อจัดตั้งสังคมการเมืองขึ้น อันเป็นที่มาเบื้องต้นของแนวคิดอำนาจอธิปไตยของปวงชน ซึ่งหากปราศจากการพินิจพิจารณาถึงหลักการที่ว่านี้แล้ว การทำสัญญาประชาคมของไทยย่อมจะกลายเป็นลักษณะของการเร่ขายฝันจากตัวนโยบายของพรรคการเมือง หรือ ร้ายกว่านั้นก็คือเป็นการหลอกลวงเพื่อจูงใจให้ประชาชนผู้มีสิทธิเลือกตั้งลงคะแนนเสียงให้แก่ตนเอง หรือ พรรคการเมืองของตนเอง ซึ่งหากเป็นในลักษณะนี้แล้ว ผู้แทนของปวงชนก็จะขาดจิตสำนึกในการรับรู้ว่าต้นตอที่มาของแหล่งอำนาจที่พวกเขาอ้างอิงนั้นคือประชาชน ซึ่งจะทำให้การเลือกตั้งเป็นเพียงพิธีกรรมหนึ่งในการแสดงออกซึ่งสัญญาประชาคมในการถ่ายโอนอำนาจอธิปไตยที่เป็นของปวงชนให้แก่นักการเมือง หรือ พรรคการเมืองไปนั่นเองโดยที่พวกเขาไม่ได้สำนึกว่าประชาชนได้มอบสิทธิบางอย่างให้แก่พวกเขาเพื่อแลกกับการปฏิบัติตามแนวนโยบายที่พวกเขาได้รับปากไว้กับประชาชนในขณะหาเสียงเลือกตั้ง อย่างไรก็ดี หลังจากการเลือกตั้งทั่วไปในปี พ.ศ. 2544 ที่พรรคไทยรักไทยได้รับชัยชนะก็ถือได้ว่าเป็นจุดเปลี่ยนผ่านสำคัญเกี่ยวกับแนวคิดสัญญาประชาคม เพราะพรรคไทยรักไทย (หรือพรรคพลังประชาชน และพรรคเพื่อไทยในเวลาต่อมา) ได้แสดงให้เห็นเป็นรูปธรรมของการเกิดสัญญาประชาคม นั่นก็คือ การรณรงค์หาเสียงด้วยนโยบายที่ชัดเจนของพรรคเป็นหลัก จนเมื่อพรรคได้เป็นรัฐบาลก็นำนโยบายเหล่านั้นมาผลักดันให้เป็นรูปเป็นร่างที่ประชาชนสามารถจับต้องได้จริง ซึ่งถือว่าเป็นการทำตามสัญญาประชาคมที่ได้ให้ไว้กับประชาชน อันเป็นที่มาของความนิยมในตัวพันตำรวจโททักษิณ ชินวัตร และจุดขายสำคัญของพรรคการเมืองของพันตำรวจโททักษิณ ซึ่งถือได้ว่าเป็นคุณูปการหนึ่งต่อประเทศไทยในฐานะที่ทำให้พรรคการเมืองอื่นๆ ต้องหันมาดำเนินแนวทางการหาเสียงในรูปแบบเดียวกันนี้มากยิ่งขึ้นในเวลาต่อมา (Terwiel, 2011: 287-290, เกษียร, 2553 : 42) การเปลี่ยนแปลงดังกล่าวข้างต้นนั้นก่อให้เกิดความตระหนักรู้ร่วมกันของทุกภาคส่วนในสังคมไทยมากยิ่งขึ้นต่อพันธะที่แต่ละภาคส่วนนั้นมีต่อสังคมในภาพรวม อาทิ การที่ภาคธุรกิจเอกชนหันมาให้ความสนใจในเรื่อง “ความรับผิดชอบต่อสังคมขององค์กร” (โปรดดู Corporate social responsibility: CSR) มากกว่าการแสวงหากำไรจากสังคมแต่เพียงอย่างเดียว อันเป็นปรากฏการณ์ในแง่ดีที่แสดงให้เห็นถึงการสร้างความเข้าใจที่ตรงกันในเรื่องของสัญญาประชาคมที่เริ่มแพร่ขยายไปสู่ทุกภาคส่วนของสังคมไทยมากยิ่งขึ้นในปัจจุบัน ดูเพิ่มใน ‘Sovereignty of the People’, ‘Constitutionalism’, ‘Vertical and Horizontal Orders’, ‘Social Norm’ และ ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’\nมีนักคิดหลายคนที่ถือว่าเป็นผู้มีส่วนในการริเริ่มแนวคิดเรื่องสัญญาประชาคม เช่น ", "ลำดับเหตุการณ์คณะราษฎร\nลำดับเหตุการณ์คณะราษฎร</b>แสดงรายการเหตุการณ์สำคัญนับตั้งแต่การก่อตั้งคณะราษฎรในปี 2469 จนหมดอำนาจในปี 2503", "คณะปฏิวัติ\nคณะปฏิวัติ อาจหมายถึง", "ราษฎรอาวุโส\nจุดเริ่มต้นที่มาของคำว่า \"ราษฎรอาวุโส\" เกิดขึ้นเมื่อประเทศไทยเกิดวิกฤติการณ์ทางการเมืองในปี พ.ศ. 2535 โดยมีบุคคลที่ถือเป็นปัญญาทางสังคม 4 คน ได้เสนอข้อคิดเห็นโดยไม่ฝักฝ่ายทางการเมือง สื่อมวลชนจึงขนานนามว่า \"ราษฎรอาวุโส\" ได้แก่", "ตั้ว ลพานุกรม\nตั้วได้มีบทบาทในทางการเมืองไทยเป็นอย่างยิ่ง โดยเข้าร่วมกับคณะราษฎรก่อการเปลี่ยนแปลงการปกครองจากระบอบสมบูรณาญาสิทธิราชเป็นระบบประชาธิปไตยในวันที่ 24 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2475 โดยเข้าร่วมประชุมก่อตั้งคณะราษฎรขึ้นเป็นครั้งแรก ณ กรุงปารีส โดยเป็นสมาชิกฝ่ายพลเรือน ซึ่งเห็นได้ถึงความปรารถนาของคณะราษฎรในการส่งเสริมวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี โดยเช้าของวันที่ 24 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2475 ตั้วได้ร่วมเดินทางสู่จุดนัดหมายที่บางซื่อ", "แนบ พหลโยธิน\nระหว่างการศึกษาอยู่ยังประเทศอังกฤษนั้น ได้ร่วมกับนักเรียนไทยที่ประเทศอังกฤษ และประเทศฝรั่งเศสส่วนหนึ่ง ก่อตั้งคณะราษฎรขึ้นมา โดยที่แนบ ถือเป็นสมาชิกรุ่นแรก ที่มีด้วยกันทั้งหมด 7 คน ซึ่งนอกจากนายแนบแล้ว ยังประกอบด้วย ปรีดี พนมยงค์, ร้อยโท แปลก ขีตตะสังคะ, จรูญ สิงหเสนี, ประยูร ภมรมนตรี, ร้อยโท ทัศนัย มิตรภักดี และตั้ว ลพานุกรม", "พรรคราษฎร (พ.ศ. 2529)\nในการเลือกตั้ง พ.ศ. 2538 พรรคราษฎร ไม่ส่งผู้สมัคร ส.ส. จึงต้องถูกยุบพรรคตามคำสั่งศาลฎีกา ที่ 5041/2539 เมื่อวันที่ 7 สิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2539ในการเลือกตั้งสมาชิกสภาผู้แทนราษฎรไทยเป็นการทั่วไป พ.ศ. 2529 พรรคราษฎร ได้รับเลือกตั้งมีสมาชิกสภาผู้แทนราษฎร จำนวน 20 คน ยกเว้นในเขตกรุงเทพมหานคร และเขตภาคใต้ ภายหลังการเลือกตั้ง พรรคประชาธิปัตย์ 99 เสียง พรรคชาติไทย 64 เสียง พรรคกิจสังคม 51 เสียง และพรรคราษฎร 20 เสียง โดยเสียงทั้งหมดในสภาผู้แทนราษฎรมีทั้งหมด 347 เสียง ได้มีมติสนับสนุนพลเอก เปรม ติณสูลานนท์ เป็นนายกรัฐมนตรีต่ออีกสมัย โดยในส่วนของพรรคราษฎร มีรัฐมนตรีในสังกัดของพรรค จำนวน 3 คน คือ พลเอก เทียนชัย สิริสัมพันธ์ รองนายกรัฐมนตรี เฉลียว วัชรพุกก์ รัฐมนตรีช่วยว่าการกระทรวงมหาดไทย และ พลเอก มานะ รัตนโกเศศ รัฐมนตรีช่วยว่าการกระทรวงศึกษาธิการ", "สาธารณรัฐโรมัน\nพวกคณะพรรค (Particians): คือกลุ่มขุนนางซึ่งมีที่ดินเป็นของตนเอง มีฐานะร่ำรวยและมั่นคง คิดเป็นจำนวน 10% ของประชากร พวกสามัญ (Plebeaus): คือสามัญชน ผู้ที่ประกอบอาชีพค้าขาย กรรมกร และเกษตรกรที่ยากจน คิดเป็นจำนวน 90% ของประชากร", "ประวัติศาสตร์ไทย\nเมื่อวันที่ 24 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2475 ได้มีกลุ่มบุคคลที่เรียกว่า คณะราษฎร ได้ปฏิวัติเปลี่ยนแปลงรูปแบบการปกครอง จากสมบูรณาญาสิทธิราชมาเป็นราชาธิปไตยภายใต้รัฐธรรมนูญ เป็นเหตุการณ์ที่สร้างความเปลี่ยนแปลงทางการเมืองการปกครองแก่ประเทศไทยอย่างมาก และทำให้สถาบันพระมหากษัตริย์ที่เคยเป็นผู้ปกครองสูงสุดของประเทศมาช้านานต้องสูญเสียอำนาจส่วนใหญ่ไปในที่สุด โดยมีการร่างรัฐธรรมนูญฉบับ พ.ศ. 2475 ขึ้นเป็นรัฐธรรมนูญแห่งราชอาณาจักรไทยอย่างถาวรเป็นฉบับแรก", "สำมะโน\nสำมะโน () เป็นวิธีดำเนินการได้มาซึ่งและบันทึกสารสนเทศอย่างเป็นระบบเกี่ยวกับสมาชิกของประชากรหนึ่ง ๆ คำนี้ใช้เชื่อมโยงกับสำมะโนประชากรและเคหะมากที่สุด แต่สำมะโนที่พบบ่อยชนิดอื่นได้แก่ สำมะโนเกษตรกรรม ธุรกิจและจราจร สหประชาชาตินิยามลักษณะสำคัญของสำมะโนประชากรและเคหะว่า \"การแจกนับปัจเจกซึ่งเป็นสากลในดินแดนตามที่กำหนด ความเป็นเวลาเดียวกันและมีภาวะเป็นคาบตามที่กำหนด\" และแนะนำให้จัดทำสำมะโนประชากรอย่างน้อยทุก 10 ปี ข้อแนะนำของสหประชาชาติยังครอบคลุมหัวข้อสำมะโนที่ควรรวบรวม บทนิยามอย่งเป็นทางการ และสารสนเทศที่เป็นประโยชน์อย่างอื่นเพื่อประสานงานการปฏิบัติระหว่างประเทศ", "สภาล่าง\nจากการเปรียบเทียบกับสภาสูง สภาล่างส่วนใหญ่จะมีลักษณะที่แสดงให้เห็นถึงความเฉพาะดังนี้: สภาล่างส่วนใหญ่มีชื่อเรียกคล้ายกันหลายชื่อ เช่น รัฐสภา สภาผู้แทนราษฎร สภาประชาชน สภาสามัญ ฯลฯ (House/Chamber of Representatives/the People/Commons/Deputies)", "การปกครองประเทศฝรั่งเศส\nในประเทศฝรั่งเศส การร่างกฎหมายก็ต้องผ่านการพิจารณาจากทั้งสองสภาเพื่อให้ทั้งสภาผู้แทนราษฎรและวุฒิสภาได้พิจารณาร่างกฎหมายที่มีเนื้อหาเดียวกัน หากทั้ง 2 สภามีความเห็นตรงกันก็ถือว่าร่างกฎหมายนั้นได้รับความเห็นชอบจากรัฐสภา แต่ในกรณีที่ทั้ง 2 สภามีความเห็นไม่ตรงกัน ร่างกฎหมายฉบับนั้นก็จะถูกส่งกลับไปกลับมาระหว่าง 2 สภา (navette) ซึ่งนายกรัฐมนตรีสามารถขอให้มีการตั้ง \"คณะกรรมาธิการร่วมกัน\" (commission mixte paritaire) ประกอบด้วยสมาชิกที่มีลักษณะแตกต่างกับของไทย กล่าวคือ คณะกรรมาธิการร่วมกันของฝรั่งเศสประกอบด้วยสมาชิกวุฒิสภา 7 คนและสมาชิกสภาผู้แทนราษฎร 7 คน ทำหน้าที่พิจารณาร่างกฎหมายเพื่อให้ได้ข้อยุติ แต่หากคณะกรรมาธิการร่วมกันไม่สามารถตกลงกันได้อีก ร่างกฎหมายนั้นจะถูกส่งไปให้ทั้งสองสภาพิจารณาอีกครั้ง และหลังจากนั้นสภาผู้แทนราษฎรจะเป็นผู้ตัดสินชี้ขาด ในกรณีดังกล่าว สภาผู้แทนราษฎรอาจนำร่างที่ผ่านการพิจารณาของคณะกรรมาธิการร่วมกันหรือร่างที่ผ่านการพิจารณาครั้งสุดท้ายของสภาผู้แทนราษฎรซึ่งอาจมีการแปรญัตติโดยความเห็นชอบของวุฒิสภาแล้ว มาเป็นร่างที่ใช้ในการพิจารณาก็ได้", "คฤหัสถ์\nคฤหัสถ์ (อ่านว่า คะรึหัด) แปลว่า \"ผู้มีเรือน, ผู้ครองเรือน, ผู้อยู่ในเรือน\" เรียกรวมทั้งชายและหญิง บางครั้งเรียกว่า คฤหัสถ์ชายหญิง หมายถึงชาวบ้านทั่วไปที่มิใช่นักบวช มีความหมายเดียวกับฆราวาส", "สภาผู้แทนราษฎรไทย\nร่างพระราชบัญญัติให้เสนอต่อสภาผู้แทนราษฎรก่อน และจะเสนอได้ก็แต่โดย (ตามมาตรา 133 ของรัฐธรรมนูญแห่งราชอาณาจักรไทย พุทธศักราช 2560) คณะรัฐมนตรี สมาชิกสภาผู้แทนราษฎรจำนวนไม่น้อยกว่ายี่สิบคน ผู้มีสิทธิเลือกตั้งจำนวนไม่น้อยกว่าหนึ่งหมื่นคนเข้าชื่อเสนอกฎหมายตามหมวด 3 สิทธิและเสรีภาพของปวงชนชาวไทย หรือหมวด 4 หน้าที่ของรัฐ ทั้งนี้ตามกฎหมายว่าด้วยการเข้าชื่อเสนอกฎหมาย ในกรณีที่ร่างพระราชบัญญัติซึ่งมีผู้เสนอที่มิใช่คณะรัฐมนตรีเป็นร่างพระราชบัญญัติเกี่ยวด้วยการเงินจะเสนอได้ก็ต่อเมื่อมีคำรับรองของนายกรัฐมนตรี การพิจารณาร่างพระราชบัญญัติ (ตามมาตรา 134 ของรัฐธรรมนูญแห่งราชอาณาจักรไทย พุทธศักราช 2560) เมื่อสภาผู้แทนราษฎรได้พิจารณาร่างพระราชบัญญัติและลงมติเห็นชอบแล้ว ให้สภาผู้แทนราษฎรเสนอร่างพระราชบัญญัตินั้นต่อวุฒิสภา วุฒิสภาต้องพิจารณาร่างพระราชบัญญัติที่เสนอมานั้นให้เสร็จภายในหกสิบวัน แต่ถ้าร่างพระราชบัญญัตินั้นเป็นร่างพระราชบัญญัติเกี่ยวด้วยการเงินต้องพิจารณาให้เสร็จภายในสามสิบวัน ทั้งนี้เว้นแต่วุฒิสภาจะได้ลงมติให้ขยายเวลาออกไปเป็นกรณีพิเศษซึ่งต้องไม่เกินสามสิบวัน กำหนดวันดังกล่าวให้หมายถึงวันในสมัยประชุม และให้เริ่มนับแต่วันที่ร่างพระราชบัญญัตินั้นมาถึงวุฒิสภา", "หลัก 6 ประการของคณะราษฎร\nสถาปัตยกรรมร่วมสมัยที่อ้างอิงหลัก 6 ประการของคณะราษฎร เช่น ศาลา 6 เหลี่ยมโปร่ง ที่สวนประติมากรรม กำแพงประวัติศาสตร์ ด้านหน้าหอประชุมใหญ่ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์ ท่าพระจันทร์", "มนุษย์\nรัฐบาลสามารถนิยามได้ว่าเป็นวิธีการทางการเมืองในการสร้างและบังคับใช้กฎหมาย โดยทั่วไปผ่านลำดับขั้นระบบราชการประจำ การเมืองเป็นขบวนการซึ่งกระทำการตัดสินใจภายในกลุ่ม ขบวนการนี้มักเกี่ยวข้องกับความขัดแย้งเช่นเดียวกับการประนีประนอม แม้คำนี้มักใช้กับพฤติกรรมภายในรัฐบาล แต่การเมืองยังพบในอันตรกิริยาทุกกลุ่มมนุษย์ รวมทั้งบริษัท สถาบันวิชาการและศาสนา มีระบบการเมืองหลากหลาย เนื่องจากมีหลายทางที่จะทำความเข้าใจระบบการเมืองเหล่านี้ และหลายนิยามก็ซ้อนทับกัน ตัวอย่างระบอบการปกครองรวมถึงราชาธิปไตย รัฐคอมมิวนิสต์ เผด็จการทหาร เทวาธิปไตย และเสรีประชาธิปไตย ซึ่งเสรีประชาธิปไตยนี้ถูกพิจารณาว่าเป็นใหญ่อยู่ในเวลานี้ ซึ่งประเด็นดังกล่าวทั้งหมดล้วนมีความสัมพันธ์โดยตรงกับเศรษฐศาสตร์", "ประชาสังคม\nประชาสังคม หรือ Civil Society เป็นแนวคิดที่มีเป้าหมายเพื่อการมีสังคมและชุมชนที่เข้มแข็ง ด้วยเป็นแนวคิดที่กว้าง จึงมีผู้ให้คำนิยามไว้หลากหลาย โดยทั่วไปประชาสังคม หมายถึง พื้นที่หรือส่วนของสังคมที่มีประชาชนเป็นผู้แสดงบทบาทหลัก พื้นที่ดังกล่าวจึงไม่ใช่ภาครัฐ ซึ่งปฏิบัติหน้าที่โดยมีกฎหมายรองรับ และภาคธุรกิจเอกชนที่เน้นดำเนินงานโดยมุ่งแสวงหาผลกำไรในพื้นที่ประชาสังคม ประชาชนทั่วไปเป็นผู้มีบทบาทสำคัญในการดำเนินการที่เป็นอิสระจากภาครัฐ และอยู่นอกบริบทการแข่งขันทางการเมือง ซึ่งกลุ่มและผู้กระทำการทางสังคม อาจมีวัฒนธรรม วิถีชีวิต วิธีคิดอันหลากหลายมาร่วมกันในกิจกรรมที่มีเป้าหมายเพื่อแลกเปลี่ยนข่าวสารข้อมูล ถกเถียงแลกเปลี่ยนความคิด สร้างเอกลักษณ์และความเห็นร่วมกัน รวมถึงต้องมีจุดมุ่งหมายร่วมในการพิทักษ์หรือเพิ่มพูนผลประโยชน์สาธารณะบางประการให้กับสังคม โดยลักษณะของพื้นที่ดังกล่าวสามารถเข้าไปมีปฏิสัมพันธ์กับพื้นที่ทางการเมือง และทางเศรษฐกิจ ซึ่งส่งผลกระทบต่อการตัดสินใจระหว่างสามพื้นที่ดังกล่าวนี้ด้วย", "หมุดคณะราษฎร\nวันที่ 17 เมษายน 2560 ที่ลานปรีดี มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์ ท่าพระจันทร์ นักศึกษา 3 คนจากกลุ่ม PPDD ธรรมศาสตร์ร่วมกับกลุ่มเสรีเกษตรศาสตร์จัดกิจกรรม \"ประชาชนหน้าไม่ใสก็ได้ป่ะ??\" เรียกร้องให้ผู้ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการขโมยหมุดคณะราษฎรมาคืน มีการลงชื่อเรียกร้องทวงคืนหมุดคณะราษฎรบนเว็บไซต์ Change.org หัวข้อ \"เอาผิดผู้ทำลาย และต้องคืนหมุดคณะราษฎร\" เพื่อให้มีความคืบหน้าในการสืบสวนกรณีดังกล่าว วันที่ 18 เมษายน ปีเดียวกัน ศรีสุวรรณ จรรยา เลขาธิการสมาคมองค์การพิทักษ์รัฐธรรมนูญ ยื่นหนังสือถึงนายกรัฐมนตรีเพื่อให้ติดตามหาหมุดคณะราษฎร แต่ถูกตำรวจและทหารควบคุมตัวจากศูนย์บริการประชาชนไปยังกองบัญชาการกองพลที่ 1 รักษาพระองค์", "คณะราษฎร\nและที่ประชุมได้ลงมติให้ปรีดี พนมยงค์ เป็นหัวหน้า จนกว่าจะหาผู้ที่เหมาะสมกว่าได้[2]", "คณะราษฎร\nหลังจากการประชุมนั้น เมื่อคณะผู้ก่อการได้กลับมาประเทศสยาม ก็ได้พยายามหาสมาชิกเพื่อเข้าร่วมการก่อการปฏิวัติ โดยได้ติดต่อประชาชนทุกอาชีพ ทั้งพ่อค้า ข้าราชการพลเรือน และทหาร โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งนายทหารระดับสูงที่มีแนวความคิดอย่างเดียวกันมานานก่อนหน้านี้ 4-5 ปีแล้ว[6] จนได้สมาชิกทั้งสิ้น 115 คน แบ่งเป็นสายต่าง ๆ คือ", "พรรคพลังประชาชน\nอาจหมายถึง", "รัฐสภาสหราชอาณาจักร\nรัฐสภาสหราชอาณาจักรอังกฤษเป็นระบบสองสภา (Bicameralism) ซึ่งประกอบไปด้วย “สภาสูง” หรือ สภาขุนนาง (House of Lords) และ “สภาล่าง” หรือ สภาสามัญชน (House of Commons) พระมหากษัตริย์เป็นองค์ประกอบที่สามของรัฐสภา", "สภารัฐกิจสาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีน\nสภารัฐกิจ (; ) หรือชื่อเต็มว่า สภารัฐกิจสาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีน (; ) บางทีเรียก รัฐบาลกลางของประชาชน (; ) เป็นหน่วยงานหลักทางปกครองของสาธารณรัฐประชาชนจีน มีประธาน คือ นายกรัฐมนตรี และมีกรรมการ คือ ข้าราชการระดับรัฐมนตรี ปัจจุบัน ประกอบด้วยสมาชิก 35 คน คือ นายกรัฐมนตรี, รองนายกรัฐมนตรีฝ่ายบริหารคนหนึ่ง, รองนายกรัฐมนตรีฝ่ายอื่นอีกสามคน, กรรมการอื่นอีกห้าคน (สองคนเป็นรัฐมนตรี), รัฐมนตรีอื่นอีก 25 คน, และหัวหน้าหน่วยงานหลักอื่น ๆ ในการเมืองจีน รัฐบาลกลางของประชาชนเป็นหนึ่งในอำนาจสามฝ่ายที่คาบเกี่ยวกัน อีกสองฝ่าย คือ พรรคสังคมนิยม (共产党) และกองทัพปลดปล่อยประชาชน (人民解放军) รัฐบาลกลางของประชาชนมีหน้าที่ควบคุมรัฐบาลท้องถิ่นในมณฑลต่าง ๆ โดยตรง และในทางปฏิบัติแล้วมีสมาชิกภาพชั้นสูงในพรรคสังคมนิยม", "สภาแห่งรัฐ\nสภาแห่งรัฐ () เป็นชื่อหน่วยงานในหลายประเทศ ปรกติมีหน้าที่คล้าย ๆ กัน คือ เป็นศาลปกครอง หรือให้คำปรึกษาด้านกฎหมายแก่หน่วยงานของรัฐ ในบางประเทศทำหน้าที่เป็นองคมนตรีก็มี", "การเลือกตั้งทางอ้อม\nตัวอย่าง การเลือกตั้งทางอ้อม ได้แก่ การเลือกตั้งประธานาธิบดีของสหรัฐอเมริกา ที่ใช้ระบบ คณะผู้เลือกตั้ง (Electoral College) ซึ่งหมายถึง ผู้แทนราษฎรของแต่ละรัฐที่จะเป็นผู้เลือกตั้งประธานาธิบดีและรองประธานาธิบดีแทนราษฎรในรัฐของตน ในอดีตพวกกลุ่มผู้แทนเหล่านี้ถือว่าเป็นชนชั้นนำและเป็นผู้มีโอกาสตัดสินใจในการเลือกตั้งอย่างแท้จริง แต่ในปัจจุบันพวกผู้แทนกลุ่มนี้ต้องทำตามนโยบายของพรรคของตน ถ้าพรรคของตนสนับสนุนใครก็ต้องเลือกคนนั้น จำนวนผู้แทนของรัฐใดจะมีผู้แทนเท่าใดถือเอาจำนวนของผู้แทนของรัฐนั้นในวุฒิสภา (the Senate)และสภาผู้แทนราษฎร(the House of Representatives) ร่วมกัน", "กระบวนทัศน์\nกระบวนทัศน์ คือกลุ่มทฤษฎีที่มีการพัฒนาแนวคิดด้านการบริหารและการจัดการในศาสตร์นั้น ๆ โดยมีการรวบรวมแนวคิดทฤษฎีของนักทฤษฎีไว้ด้วยกัน และอยู่ในช่วงระยะเวลาเดียวกัน อาจจะเป็นในทศวรรษเดียวกัน หรือทศวรรษต่อเนื่องกัน โดยนักทฤษฎีในกระบวนทัศน์นั้น ๆ จะไม่ขัดแย้งกัน มีเนื้อหาทฤษฎีที่มีการเกื้อหนุนกันในด้านการบริหารและการจัดการในศาสตร์นั้น ๆ และเมื่อมีกลุ่มนักทฤษฎีที่มีข้อเสนอที่ขัดแย้ง และมีความหลากหลาย เมื่อนั้นกระบวนทัศน์จะถูกล้มล้าง และจะก้าวเข้าสู่กระบวนทัศน์ใหม่ หรือเรียกว่าการเปลี่ยนผ่านกระบวนทัศน์ (paradigm shift) ตัวอย่างเช่น ศาสตร์ทางรัฐประศาสนศาสตร์ (public administration) มีการเปลี่ยนผ่านกระบวนทัศน์หลายขั้น", "ลำดับเหตุการณ์คณะราษฎร\nหมวดหมู่:คณะราษฎร หมวดหมู่:การปฏิวัติสยาม พ.ศ. 2475 หมวดหมู่:ลำดับเวลา", "สภาผู้แทนรัฐเยอรมนี\nสภาผู้แทนรัฐเข้าร่วมกระบวนการนิติบัญญัติกับสภาผู้แทนราษฎร (Bundestag) ซึ่งประชาชนชาวเยอรมนีเลือกตั้งมาโดยตรง บรรดากฎหมายที่กระทบกระเทือนความสามารถของรัฐและการเปลี่ยนแปลงรัฐธรรมนูญจำต้องได้รับความเห็นชอบจากสภาผู้แทนรัฐ สภาผู้แทนรัฐนั้นมักได้รับการพรรณนาว่าเป็นสภาสูง เพราะมีหน้าที่คล้ายกัน แต่รัฐธรรมนูญเยอรมนี คือ กฎหมายหลักสำหรับสหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี (Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany) ไม่ได้ระบุว่า สภาผู้แทนรัฐและสภาผู้แทนราษฎรจะประกอบกันเป็นรัฐสภาแบบสองสภา อนึ่ง โดยทั่วไปแล้ว ทั้งสภาผู้แทนรัฐ สภาผู้แทนราษฎร ประธานาธิบดี คณะรัฐมนตรี และศาลรัฐธรรมนูญกลาง มักจัดว่าเป็นเพียง \"องค์กรตามรัฐธรรมนูญ\" (constitutional body)", "ความเป็นพลเมือง\nคำว่า พลเมือง ไม่ใช่คำที่อยู่อย่างโดดๆ แต่เป็นคำที่คู่กับคำว่า ชุมชนการเมือง ที่กรีกเรียกว่า (Polis) และคนปัจจุบันเรียกว่ารัฐ (State) พลเมืองเป็นสมาชิกของชุมชนการเมืองหรือรัฐซึ่งหมายความว่าที่ใดก็ตามที่มนุษย์มาอยู่ร่วมกัน มีการใช้อำนาจจัดการบริการกิจกรรมต่างๆ ภายในน้อยมากที่อยู่อย่างโดดเดี่ยว ไม่สุงสิงกับใคร การเป็นคนจึงเท่ากับเป็นเรื่องการเมือง (To be human is to be political) พูดอีกอย่างหนึ่งคือ คนเป็นการเมือง (Man is a political animal) ความเป็นพลเมืองก็คือการเข้าร่วมส่วนในชุมชนการเมือง กล่วงอีกอย่างหนึ่งไม่มีพลเมืองก็ไม่มีชุมชนการเมืองหรือไม่มีรัฐ \nกล่าวโดยสรุป ในสมัยที่ระบอบประชาธิปไตยมีบทบาทและได้รับการยอมรับไปทั่ว คำว่า พลเมือง ก็ได้กลายเป็นคำที่ได้รับการยอมรับมากขึ้น เช่น กันประชาชนที่อพยพมาจากรัฐของตนเข้าไปอยู่ในรัฐใหม่ ก็เรียกร้องขอสิทธิความเป็นพลเมืองของรัฐใหม่ทั้งนี้ก็เพื่อการได้รับสิทธิผลประโยชน์ต่างๆ ในฐานะที่เป็นพลเมือง ส่วนองค์กรที่สนันสนุนการเรียกร้องครั้งนี้โดยการย้ำถึงสิทธิมนุษยชนที่คนๆหนึ่งได้รับ และสิทธิมนุษยชนนั้นก็จะเป็นส่วนหนึ่งที่นำไปสู่ความเป็นพลเมืองในที่สุด", "ลำดับเหตุการณ์คณะราษฎร\n12 มิถุนายน – คณะราษฎรวางแผนการที่บ้าน ร.ท.ประยูร ภมรมนตรี เพื่อจะดำเนินการควบคุมสมเด็จเจ้าฟ้ากรมพระนครสวรรค์วรพินิต ผู้สำเร็จราชการรักษาพระนคร 24 มิถุนายน – คณะราษฎรประกาศ เปลี่ยนแปลงการปกครองของประเทศไทย จากระบอบสมบูรณาญาสิทธิราชย์ไปเป็นระบอบประชาธิปไตย ในการปฏิบัติการ มีพระยาพหลพลพยุหเสนาเป็นหัวหน้าคณะราษฎร", "คณะกรรมการรณรงค์เพื่อการปฏิรูปสื่อ\nการดำเนินการตามวรรคสองต้องคำนึงถึงประโยชน์สูงสุดของประชาชนในระดับชาติและระดับท้องถิ่น ทั้งในด้านการศึกษา วัฒนธรรม ความมั่นคงของรัฐ และประโยชน์สาธารณะอื่น รวมทั้งการแข่งขันโดยเสรีอย่างเป็นธรรม\nมาตราดังกล่าวถือว่าเป็นผลจากการผลักดันของภาคประชาชนให้เกิดการปฏิรูปสื่อภายหลังเหตุการณ์พฤษภาทมิฬในปี 2535 โดยชูแนวคิด “สื่อต้องเป็นของประชาชน” เพื่อติดตามและผลักดันให้เกิดการจัดตั้งองค์กรดังกล่าวตามจุดประสงค์ที่ระบุไว้ในรัฐธรรมนูญมาตราดังกล่าว นักวิชาการ องค์กรพัฒนาเอกชน นักวิชาชีพสื่อ และเครือข่ายประชาสังคม จึงได้รวมตัวกันอย่างหลวมๆ ในปี 2540 ในชื่อ \"\"คณะทำงานติดตามมาตรา 40\"\" โดยบรรยากาศในช่วงดังกล่าวภาคประชาชนมีความตื่นตัวกับสิทธิตามมาตรา 40 ดังกล่าวมาก คณะทำงานได้ยื่นหนังสือต่อรัฐมนตรีประจำสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรีในขณะนั้นคือ สุพัตรา มาศดิตถ์ จนมีผู้แทนจากกลุ่มที่มีสิทธิในทรัพยากรการสื่อสารตามมาตรา 40 ร่วมประชุมพิจารณาร่างพ.ร.บ.การประกอบกิจการวิทยุกระจายเสียงและวิทยุโทรทัศน์ ร่วมกับสำนักงานคณะกรรมการกฤษฎีกา", "คณะราษฎร\nสายทหารบก: พระยาพหลพลพยุหเสนา (พจน์ พหลโยธิน), พระยาทรงสุรเดช (เทพ พันธุมเสน), พระยาฤทธิอัคเนย์ (สละ เอมะศิริ), พระประศาสน์พิทยายุทธ (วัน ชูถิ่น), และหลวงพิบูลสงคราม (แปลก ขีตตะสังคะ) สายทหารเรือ: หลวงสินธุสงครามชัย (สินธุ์ กมลนาวิน), หลวงศุภชลาศัย (บุง ศุภชลาศัย), หลวงสังวรยุทธกิจ (สังวรณ์ สุวรรณชีพ), และหลวงธำรงนาวาสวัสดิ์ (ถวัลย์ ธำรงนาวาสวัสดิ์) สายพลเรือน: หลวงประดิษฐ์มนูธรรม (ปรีดี พนมยงค์), หลวงสิริราชไมตรี (จรูญ สิงหเสนี), หลวงโกวิทอภัยวงศ์ (ควง อภัยวงศ์), ตั้ว ลพานุกรม, แนบ พหลโยธิน, ทวี บุณยเกตุ, และประยูร ภมรมนตรี", "คณะนิติราษฎร์\nคณะนิติราษฎร์ยังมีชื่อจากการเสนอแนวทางแก้ไขเพิ่มเติมประมวลกฎหมายอาญา มาตรา 112 ที่ว่าด้วยความผิดต่อองค์พระมหากษัตริย์ไทยกลุ่มนักวิชาการชื่อ \"5 อาจารย์นิติศาสตร์ ธรรมศาสตร์\" เกิดขึ้นภายหลังรัฐประหารเมื่อ พ.ศ. 2549 ด้วยการนำเสนอบทความทางวิชาการ ออกมาเป็นระยะ แต่ยังไม่เป็นที่แพร่หลายนัก จนกระทั่งในวันที่ 19 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2553 กลุ่ม 5 อาจารย์นิติศาสตร์ ธรรมศาสตร์ และเพื่อนอาจารย์ เปิดตัวเว็บไซต์คณะนิติราษฎร์ พร้อมทั้งจัดงานเสวนาวิชาการ ในหัวข้อ \"4 ปีรัฐประหาร 4 เดือนพฤษภาอำมหิต อนาคตทางสังคมไทย\" โดยมีคณะนิติราษฎร์เป็นองค์ปาฐก ต่อมาในวันที่ 19 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2554 คณะนิติราษฎร์แถลงข้อเสนอทางวิชาการ ในหัวข้อ \"5 ปีรัฐประหาร 1 ปีนิติราษฎร์\" จนก่อให้เกิดข้อวิพากษ์วิจารณ์ในสังคม ทั้งเห็นด้วยและไม่เห็นด้วย", "ระบบรัฐสภา\nระบบรัฐสภา เป็นกลไกการปกครอง ที่ฝ่ายบริหารหรือรัฐบาลมีที่มาจากรัฐสภาซึ่งทำหน้าที่นิติบัญญัติ และมีความรับผิดชอบต่อสภา ในระบบรัฐสภา ตำแหน่งประมุขแห่งรัฐ และตำแหน่งหัวหน้ารัฐบาลมักจะแยกออกจากกัน โดยหัวหน้ารัฐบาลเป็นนายกรัฐมนตรี ในขณะที่ประมุขแห่งรัฐเป็นพระมหากษัตริย์ตามการสืบสันตติวงศ์ หรือประธานาธิบดีจากการเลือกตั้ง ระบบรัฐสภาสมัยใหม่มีต้นกำเนิดในอังกฤษใน ศตวรรษที่17", "สภาผู้แทนราษฎรไทย (ผู้แทนราษฎรชั่วคราว พ.ศ. 2475)\n\"วันนี้สภาผู้แทนราษฎรได้ประชุมเป็นครั้งแรก นับว่าเป็นการสำคัญอันหนึ่งในประวัติการณ์ของประเทศอันเป็นที่รักของเรา ข้าพเจ้าเชื่อว่าท่านทั้งหลายคงจะตั้งใจที่จะช่วยกันปรึกษาการงานเพื่อนำความเจริญรุ่งเรืองมาสู่ประเทศสยามสืบไป และเพื่อรักษาความเป็นอิสรภาพของสยามไว้ชั่วฟ้าและดิน ข้าพเจ้าขออำนวยพรแก่บรรดาผู้แทนราษฎรทั้งหลายให้บริบูรณ์ด้วยกำลังกาย กำลังปัญญา เพื่อจะได้ช่วยกันทำการให้สำเร็จตามความประสงค์ของเราและของท่าน ซึ่งมีจุดมุ่งหมายอันเดียวกันทุกประการเทอญ\" โดยที่ประชุมน้อมรับพระกระแสนี้ใส่เกล้าฯ", "การนับรวมทุกกลุ่มคน\nการครอบคลุมทุกกลุ่มคน พลเมือง (citizen) และ ความเป็นพลเมือง (citizenship) ที่ปัจเจกบุคคลได้รับจากการต่อสู้เพื่อสิทธิเสรีภาพในศตวรรษที่ 18 เป็นหัวใจสำคัญของระเบียบและอัตลักษณ์ของรัฐธรรมนูญ ทั้งในด้านของการร่างและกำหนดเนื้อหารัฐธรรมนูญ ไปจนถึงการถูกบังคับใช้อย่างทั่วไปเสมอหน้ากัน โดยคุณลักษณะสำคัญของความเป็นพลเมืองสมัยใหม่ (modern citizenship) คือความเท่าเทียมกัน (equality) โดยความเท่าเทียมกันนี้ยังสามารถถกเถียงได้ว่าเป็นสิ่งที่มีความเป็นสากล (universal) คือความเป็นมนุษยชาติที่เท่าเทียมกัน กับความเป็นเฉพาะ (particular) ของแต่ละประเทศชาติที่จะกำหนดให้พลเมืองเท่าเทียมกัน ซึ่งในด้านของกฎหมายสูงสุด รัฐธรรมนูญได้กลายเป็นกลไกหนึ่งในการสร้างชุมชนในจิตนาการ (imagined community) ให้กับประชาชนในชาติว่ามีความเท่าเทียมกันเสมอหน้าต่อกฎหมายสูงสุด ตราบเท่าที่ยังเป็นสมาชิกในชุมชนการเมืองนั้นๆ นอกจากนี้ความเท่าเทียมดังกล่าวจึงมีความใกล้ชิดกับระบอบการเมืองที่เป็นประชาธิปไตยและเศรษฐกิจแบบทุนนิยมที่ให้สิทธิประชาชนในการเข้าแข่งขันกันอย่างเสรีในกลไกตลาด (Rosenfeld, 2010: 211-223) บุคคลที่มีสิทธิตามที่กฎหมายกำหนดทั้งในด้านของสิทธิ (rights) และ การให้สิทธิ (entitlements) ทำให้พลเมืองมีความใกล้ชิดและต้องเข้าไปมีปฏิสัมพันธ์กับอำนาจรัฐเสมอ ไม่ว่าจะโดยการเลือกตั้ง การแสดงความคิดเห็นทางการเมือง เสรีภาพในการแสดงออก การควบคุมการออกฎหมาย ไปจนถึงการรับผลประโยชน์บางประการที่รัฐจัดหามาให้ ด้วยเหตุนี้ เสรีภาพในการแสดงออกของพลเมืองจึงต้องเป็นส่วนหนึ่งที่กำหนดไว้ในกฎหมายสูงสุดของประเทศเพื่อคุ้มครองความเป็นพลเมืองให้กับประชาชน", "ไปรษณียาคาร\nในการเปลี่ยนแปลงการปกครอง พ.ศ. 2475 อาคารไปรษณีย์ยาคารเป็นสถานที่แห่งแรกที่ทางคณะราษฎรจะต้องทำการบุกยึด เนื่องจากเป็นสถานที่ ๆ เป็นชุมทางการสื่อสาร คือ โทรเลขและโทรศัพท์ เพื่อตัดระบบการสื่อสาร โดยกลุ่มคณะราษฎรสายพลเรือนที่นำโดย หลวงโกวิทอภัยวงศ์ (ควง อภัยวงศ์) และนายประยูร ภมรมนตรี เหตุเพราะรับราชการที่นี่ จึงรู้ถึงระบบการทำงานดี โดยที่มีคณะราษฎรสายทหารเรือคุ้มกันเพียงไม่กี่คน ซึ่งต้องทำการยึดและตัดการสื่อสารให้ได้ภายในเวลา 04.00 น. และต้องทำให้เสร็จก่อนเวลา 05.00 น. เพื่อมิให้ผู้คนสงสัย แม้คณะราษฎรสามารถกระทำการได้สำเร็จ แต่ทว่าก็มีเจ้าพนักงานคนหนึ่งหนีไปแจ้งความกับเจ้าหน้าที่ตำรวจได้ ทางตำรวจโดย พระยาอธิกรณ์ประกาศ (หลุย จาติกวณิช) อธิบดีกรมตำรวจจึงทราบเรื่องจากเหตุนี้เอง จึงรุดเข้าวังบางขุนพรหมเพื่อถวายรายงานแด่ สมเด็จพระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ เจ้าฟ้าบริพัตรสุขุมพันธุ์ กรมพระนครสวรรค์วรพินิต ผู้สำเร็จราชการ", "คณะราษฎร\nราชอาณาจักรสยามปกครองระบอบสมบูรณาญาสิทธิราชในรัชสมัยของพระบาทสมเด็จพระปกเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว ชาติได้ประสบกับปัญหาซึ่งเกิดจากรัฐบาลต้องรับมือกับปัญหาเศรษฐกิจที่ร้ายแรงและภัยคุกคามจากต่างชาติ (จักรวรรดิอังกฤษและจักรวรรดิฝรั่งเศส) นอกจากนี้ ประเทศยังประสบกับการเปลี่ยนแปลงทางสังคมขนานใหญ่เมื่อชาวเมืองและชนชั้นกลางในกรุงเทพมหานครเริ่มขยายจำนวนขึ้น และเริ่มแสดงความต้องการสิทธิเพิ่มมากขึ้นจากรัฐบาล และวิจารณ์ว่ารัฐบาลไร้ประสิทธิภาพ", "คณะผู้แทนทางทูต\nคณะผู้แทนทางทูต () หรือ คณะผู้แทนต่างชาติ () เป็นกลุ่มบุคคลจากรัฐหรือองค์การหนึ่ง (เรียกว่า ผู้ส่ง) ซึ่งไปอยู่ในอีกรัฐหนึ่ง (เรียกว่า ผู้รับ) เพื่อเป็นปฏิบัติหน้าที่อย่างเป็นทางการในรัฐผู้รับ แทนรัฐหรือองค์การผู้ส่ง ในทางปฏิบัติแล้ว คณะผู้แทนทางทูตมักได้แก่กลุ่มผู้แทนที่มาพำนักอยู่ในรัฐผู้รับ กลุ่มหลัก คือ คณะเอกอัครราชทูต (embassy) แต่สถานที่พำนักไม่จำเป็นต้องเป็นเมืองหลวงของรัฐผู้รับเสมอไป ส่วนคณะกงสุล (consulate) เป็นคณะผู้แทนทางทูตที่มีขนาดเล็กกว่าคณะเอกอัครราชทูต และมักตั้งอยู่นอกเมืองหลวง (แต่อาจตั้งอยู่ในเมืองหลวงได้ ถ้าไม่มีคณะเอกอัครราชทูตในเมืองหลวง) คณะผู้แทนถาวรซึ่งไม่พำนักอยู่ในรัฐผู้รับก็มี", "หมุดคณะราษฎร\nหมุดคณะราษฎรถูกปรับเปลี่ยนและถอดใหม่อยู่หลายครั้ง เช่น มีการนำวัสดุสีดำมาราดทับ การนำของแข็งมาขีดจนเป็นรอยจำนวนมาก รวมทั้งการปฏิบัติการเชิงสัญลักษณ์ การประกอบพิธีสะกด โดยเมื่อต้นปี พ.ศ. 2558 สมบัติ บุญงามอนงค์ ได้ลงภาพชาวบ้านกลุ่มหนึ่งกำลังทำพิธีกับหมุดคณะราษฎร พร้อมกล่าวว่าเป็นการทำพิธีถอนหมุดออก แต่เป็นเพียงการทำพิธีตามความเชื่อเท่านั้น", "คณะองคมนตรี\nในภาษาอังกฤษ คำว่า \"privy\" หมายถึง \"ส่วนตัว\" หรือ \"ลับ\" ดังนั้นแรกเริ่มเดิมที privy council คือคณะที่ปรึกษาที่ใกล้ชิดที่สุดของกษัตริย์ที่ให้คำปรึกษาที่รักษาเป็นความลับในเรื่องกิจการรัฐ", "ครัวเรือน\nครัวเรือน เป็นหน่วยที่อยู่อาศัยพื้นฐานซึ่งมีการผลิตและการบริโภคทางเศรษฐกิจ ซึ่งคำนี้อาจมีความหมายเดียวกับครอบครัวหรือไม่ก็ได้ ครัวเรือนเป็นหน่วยพื้นฐานของการวิเคราะห์ในหลายแบบจำลองสังคม เศรษฐศาสตร์จุลภาคและรัฐบาล คำนี้ หมายความถึง ปัจเจกบุคคลทั้งหมดที่อาศัยอยู่ในที่อยู่อาศัยเดียวกัน\nแบบจำลองทางเศรษฐศาสตร์ส่วนใหญ่ไม่สนใจว่าสมาชิกของครัวเรือนเป็นครอบครัวในความหมายทางประเพณีหรือไม่ รัฐบาลและการถกนโยบายมักถือว่า ครัวเรือนและครอบครัวมีความหมายอย่างเดียวกัน โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่ง ในสังคมตะวันตกที่ครอบครัวเดียวเป็นโครงสร้างครอบครัวที่พบมากที่สุด ในความเป็นจริง ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างครัวเรือนกับครอบครัวไม่จำเป็นต้องเป็นแบบหนึ่งต่อหนึ่งเสมอไป", "คณะรัฐมนตรีไทย คณะที่ 61\nรัฐบาลมีนโยบายจำกัดการแสดงออกทางการเมืองของทุกฝ่ายโดยใช้กฎหมาย อาทิ พระราชบัญญัติ ว่าด้วยการออกเสียงประชามติร่างรัฐธรรมนูญ พุทธศักราช 2559 ประกาศหรือคำสั่งของคณะรักษาความสงบแห่งชาติภายใต้ คณะรัฐมนตรีไทย คณะที่ 61 การแสดงออกทางการเมืองเชิงสัญลักษณ์ ถือเป็นยุยงปลุกปั่น ให้เกิดความไม่สงบภายในประเทศ ตามประมวลกฎหมายอาญามาตรา 116 การแสดงออกทางการเมืองมักมีความเห็นจากรัฐบาลว่า \"มีเจตนาไม่บริสุทธิ์แอบแฝงทางการเมืองกับพรรคเพื่อไทยที่สูญเสียอำนาจ\"[31]ข้อหาดังกล่าวต้องขึ้นศาลทหาร รวมถึงถูกตั้งข้อหาตามความผิดฐานขัดคำสั่งหรือประกาศคณะรักษาความสงบแห่งชาติ และความผิดต่อองค์พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย และมักมีการแจ้งข้อหา ความผิดตามพระราชบัญญัติว่าด้วยการกระทำความผิดเกี่ยวกับคอมพิวเตอร์ พ.ศ. 2550 เพิ่มเติม การจับกุมและเรียกรายงานตัวส่วนใหญ่เน้นบุคคลที่เกี่ยวข้องกับ พรรคเพื่อไทย จอน อึ๊งภากรณ์ นักวิชาการคณะนิติราษฎร์ นักวิชาการกลุ่ม สมัชชาปกป้องประชาธิปไตย และผู้สนับสนุนคณะนิติราษฎร์ อาทิคณะรณรงค์แก้ไขมาตรา 112 และผู้ลงรายชื่อให้แก้กฎหมายดังกล่าว[32]เช่นเรียกรายงานตัว ศ.ดร.วรเจตน์ ภาคีรัตน์ จับกุม ธนาพล อิ๋วสกุล บรรณาธิการวารสารฟ้าเดียวกัน จับกุมบุคคลที่เรียกกลุ่มตัวเองว่า ขบวนการประชาธิปไตยใหม่ และกลุ่มแนวร่วมประชาธิปไตยต่อต้านเผด็จการแห่งชาติ บุคคลที่เจ้าหน้าที่สืบทราบและกล่าวหาว่าเกี่ยวข้องกับการละเมิดสถาบันกษัตริย์อาทิ นายสิรภพ กรณ์อุรุษ[33] บุกรุกสำนักงานเว็บไซด์ประชาไท[34]รัฐบาลยังจัดตั้ง คณะกรรมการติดตามการป้องกันและปราบปรามกระทำความผิดที่ก่อให้เกิดความเสียหายแก่สถาบันพระมหากษัตริย์ ตามคำสั่งนายกรัฐมนตรี คณะกรรมการดังกล่าวประชุมครั้งแรกเมื่อวันที่ 6 มิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2559[35]โดยมีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อจัดการการหมิ่นสถาบันผ่านยูทูบและเฟซบุ๊ก[36]และจับกุมบุคคลที่หนีคดีหมิ่นพระบรมเดชานุภาพที่อยู่ต่างประเทศ อาทิกลุ่มแนวร่วมประชาธิปไตยต่อต้านเผด็จการแห่งชาติที่อยู่ต่างประเทศ รัฐบาลปิดกั้นเว็บไซด์ยูทูบ บางสถานีเช่น สถานีของ ดร.เสน่ห์ ถิ่นแสน ในเดือนตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2559 ในเดือนเมษายน พ.ศ. 2561 อัยการมีคำสั่งฟ้องบุคคล 41 ราย ในข้อหาขัดคำสั่งคณะรักษาความสงบแห่งชาติเนื่องจากก่อการชุมนุมทางการเมือง คณะรัฐมนตรีไทย คณะที่ 61 ยังนับว่าเป็นคณะรัฐมนตรีคณะแรกที่ ประกาศใช้กฎอัยการศึกยาวนานที่สุดในคณะรัฐมนตรีไทย", "คณะองคมนตรีไทย\nรัฐธรรมนูญแห่งราชอาณาจักรไทย พุทธศักราช 2560 ระบุว่าเป็นคณะบุคคลที่พระมหากษัตริย์ทรงเลือกและทรงแต่งตั้งผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิเป็นประธานองคมนตรีคนหนึ่ง และองคมนตรีอื่นอีกไม่เกิน 18 คนมีหน้าที่ถวายความเห็นต่อพระมหากษัตริย์ในพระราชกรณียกิจทั้งปวงที่พระมหากษัตริย์ทรงปรึกษา รวมทั้งปฏิบัติภารกิจตามที่พระมหากษัตริย์ทรงกำหนดหรือทรงมอบหมาย การเลือกและแต่งตั้งองคมนตรีหรือการให้องคมนตรีพ้นจากตำแหน่งให้เป็นไปตามพระราชอัธยาศัย โดยประธานรัฐสภาเป็นผู้รับสนองพระบรมราชโองการแต่งตั้งประธานองคมนตรี หรือให้ประธานองคมนตรีพ้นจากตำแหน่ง และประธานองคมนตรีเป็นผู้รับสนองพระบรมราชโองการแต่งตั้งองคมนตรี หรือให้องคมนตรีพ้นจากตำแหน่ง", "การออกเสียงประชามติ\nประเทศที่ปกครองในระบอบประชาธิปไตย อำนาจสูงสุดในการปกครองประเทศมาจากประชาชน เพื่อให้สมาชิกในสังคมอยู่ร่วมกันเป็นปกติสุข มติของคนในสังคมจึงถือเป็นเรื่องสำคัญ เดิมประชาชนในรัฐมีจำนวนไม่มาก จึงสามารถใช้อำนาจออกเสียงต่อกิจการบ้านเมืองได้โดยตรง แต่เมื่อรัฐเจริญขึ้นและมีประชากรมากขึ้น หากต่างคนต่างใช้อำนาจก็ย่อมทำให้เกิดความวุ่นวาย ต่อมาจึงจัดให้มีระบบผู้แทนราษฎรขึ้นเพื่อแก้ไขปัญหาดังกล่าว ผู้แทนราษฎรทำหน้าที่รับความคิดเห็นมาจากประชาชน ออกเสียงแทนประชาชนในเรื่องต่าง ๆ เป็นผู้ใช้อำนาจนิติบัญญัติ (จัดทำกฎหมาย) และอำนาจบริหาร (คณะรัฐมนตรี) แทนประชาชน", "รายาห์\nคำว่า “رعايا” ในภาษาอาหรับ เป็นพหูพจน์ของคำว่า “رعيّه” ที่แปลตรงตัวว่า “ฝูง” ที่หมายถึง “ข้าแผ่นดิน” ของพระมหากษัตริย์", "สภาผู้แทนราษฎรไทย ชุดที่ 1\nรัฐธรรมนูญแห่งราชอาณาจักรสยาม พุทธศักราช 2475 ได้กำหนดให้สภาผู้แทนราษฎรประกอบด้วยสมาชิกผู้แทนราษฎร 2 ประเภท คือ" ]

[ 12.265625 ]

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[ "A male is in a boat." ]

[ "A male is cooking fish he caught.", "It could be non other than Ser Perth.", "The results of EPA's modelling has indications as to whether the total MWE of ACI retrofits include a PJFF.", "Monica Lewinsky's lawyer appeared on five chat shows.", "A woman is ironing clothes.", "The man is wearing a red shirt.", "Two young girls are smiling." ]

[]

[]

[ "Pentadecagon order of the symmetry follows the letter. He gives r30 for the full reflective symmetry, Dih. He gives d (diagonal) with reflection lines through vertices, p with reflection lines through edges (perpendicular), and for the odd-sided pentadecagon i with mirror lines through both vertices and edges, and g for cyclic symmetry. a1 labels no symmetry. These lower symmetries allows degrees of freedoms in defining irregular pentadecagons. Only the g15 subgroup has no degrees of freedom but can seen as directed edges. There are three regular star polygons: {15/2}, {15/4}, {15/7}, constructed from the same 15 vertices of a regular pentadecagon,", "Pentadecagon Pentadecagon In geometry, a pentadecagon or pentakaidecagon or 15-gon is a fifteen-sided polygon. A \"regular pentadecagon\" is represented by Schläfli symbol {15}. A regular pentadecagon has interior angles of 156°, and with a side length \"a\", has an area given by <br>A regular triangle, decagon, and pentadecagon can completely fill a plane vertex. As 15 = 3 × 5, a regular pentadecagon is constructible using compass and straightedge: The following constructions of regular pentadecagons with given circumcircle are similar to the illustration of the proposition XVI in Book IV of Euclid's \"Elements\". Comparison the construction according Euclid in this image:", "Pentadecagon Pentadecagon In geometry, a pentadecagon or pentakaidecagon or 15-gon is a fifteen-sided polygon. A \"regular pentadecagon\" is represented by Schläfli symbol {15}. A regular pentadecagon has interior angles of 156°, and with a side length \"a\", has an area given by <br>A regular triangle, decagon, and pentadecagon can completely fill a plane vertex. As 15 = 3 × 5, a regular pentadecagon is constructible using compass and straightedge: The following constructions of regular pentadecagons with given circumcircle are similar to the illustration of the proposition XVI in Book IV of Euclid's \"Elements\". Comparison the construction according Euclid in this image:", "Pentadecagon that of the pentagon at a given side, then also the presentation is succeed by extension one side and it generates a segment, here formula_10 which is divided according to the golden ratio: formula_11 Circumradius formula_12 Side length formula_13 Angle formula_14 formula_15 The \"regular pentadecagon\" has Dih dihedral symmetry, order 30, represented by 15 lines of reflection. Dih has 3 dihedral subgroups: Dih, Dih, and Dih. And four more cyclic symmetries: Z, Z, Z, and Z, with Z representing π/\"n\" radian rotational symmetry. On the pentadecagon, there are 8 distinct symmetries. John Conway labels these symmetries with a letter and", "How Many More Years Midnight\", described by Phillips as \"the most different record I ever heard\", was probably recorded at a different session. Phillips had not yet set up Sun Records and regularly leased his recordings to the Chess label in Chicago. The record was issued as Chess 1479 on 15 September 1951, with \"Moanin' at Midnight\" as the A-side and \"How Many More Years\" as the B-side. \"Moanin' at Midnight\" entered the R&B chart on 10 November 1951, and was followed four weeks later by \"How Many More Years\", which became the more popular side and rose to no.4 on the chart. The", "How Many Licks? by American singer Kelis and verses by American rappers Lil' Cease and Snoop Dogg. The song's original version was included on several compilations, including the 2001 albums \"The Source Hip Hop Music Awards 2001\", \"Pure Dance 2001\", \"Hip Hop Soul Party: Episode V\", and 2008's \"15 of the Best Urban Classics\". \"How Many Licks?\" is a three-minute and 52-second hip hop song that uses a sample from the theme song of the television series \"Knight Rider\". Music critic Simon Reynolds described its composition as \"full of Daft Punk-like noises\", and an \"NME\" writer called it \"pornographic funk\". Michael Arceneaux of" ]

[ "Pentadecagon but connected by skipping every second, fourth, or seventh vertex respectively. There are also three regular star figures: {15/3}, {15/5}, {15/6}, the first being a compound of three pentagons, the second a compound of five equilateral triangles, and the third a compound of three pentagrams. Deeper truncations of the regular pentadecagon and pentadecagrams can produce isogonal (vertex-transitive) intermediate star polygon forms with equal spaced vertices and two edge lengths. The regular pentadecagon is the Petrie polygon for some higher-dimensional polytopes, projected in a skew orthogonal projection: It is also the Petrie polygon for the great 120-cell and grand stellated 120-cell.", "Pentadecagon Pentadecagon In the construction for given circumcircle: formula_2 is a side of equilateral triangle and formula_3 is a side of a regular pentagon. The point formula_4 divides the radius formula_5 in golden ratio: formula_6 Compared with the first animation (with green lines) are in the following two images the two circular arcs (for angles 36° and 24°) rotated 90° counterclockwise shown. They do not use the segment formula_7, but rather they use segment formula_8 as radius formula_9 for the second circular arc (angle 36°). A compass and straightedge construction for a given side length. The construction is nearly equal to", "How Many Words 13, 2008. Lewis performed the song live on the March 6, 2008 results show of the seventh season of \"American Idol\". The single has sold 94,000 copies to date. How Many Words \"How Many Words\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\". The song was expected to be followed by \"Know My Name\", and then \"Without You\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \"How Many Words\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the", "How Many Drinks? 2013. It has since peaked at #69 on the week of July 20, 2013, and spent a total of 20 weeks on the chart. How Many Drinks? \"How Many Drinks?\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \"Kaleidoscope Dream\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark", "How Many Miles to Babylon? How Many Miles to Babylon? \"How Many Miles to Babylon\" is an English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 8148. The accepted modern lyrics are: <poem>How many miles to Babylon? Three score miles and ten. Can I get there by candle-light? Yes, and back again.. If your heels are nimble and your toes are light, You may get there by candle-light.</poem> A longer Scottish version has the lyrics: <poem>King and Queen of Cantelon, How many miles to Babylon? Eight and eight, and other eight. Will I get there by candle-light? If your horse be", "How Many Birds gets faster. The singer states that he's lonely without his girl and doesn't know what to do. The Kids covered the song the same year, lead vocalist Michael Griffith and Tony Borg singing to the Bee Gees backing tracks. The Kids never recorded again but the fact that they chose this song to record proves that the Saint Clair tapes were not discarded when the studio closed, and were presumably in Nat Kipner's hands. But Kipner today has no idea where they went to. How Many Birds \"How Many Birds\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the", "How Many More Years the central guitar lick in rock 'n' roll, and that's the first time we heard that played on a distorted guitar. It was an old big band lick, turned into something completely fresh. How Many More Years \"How Many More Years\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \"How Many More Years\" as \"in", "How Many Licks? cover version of \"How Many Licks?\", which Josh Middleton of the \"Philadelphia\" praised as \"outstanding\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"The Notorious K.I.M.\". How Many Licks? \"How Many Licks?\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \"Knight Rider\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex", "How Many More Years How Many More Years \"How Many More Years\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \"How Many More Years\" as \"in some ways... the first rock’n’roll song...\". It was a double-sided hit with \"Moanin' at Midnight\", which reached no.10 on the R&B chart. After military service, Chester Burnett performed as a blues singer and", "How Many Licks? Neptunes has additional vocals from American artists Kelis, Lil' Cease, and Snoop Dogg. \"How Many Licks?\" was praised by music critics after its release and in retrospective reviews; the Neptunes remix also received positive reviews. However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the song's treatment of black female sexuality. Commentators compared its content to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \"Anaconda\". \"How Many Licks?\" peaked at number 75 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and charted in several other countries, but was not as commercially successful as Lil' Kim's previous releases. The song's music video was directed by Francis", "How Many Licks? \"a celebration of autonomous female sexuality\" to a \"vulgar, demeaning moment of black female objectification\". Some critics compared \"How Many Licks?\" to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \"Anaconda\". Alex Kristelis of \"Bustle\" noted that both songs focused on men's appreciation of the singer's body. A \"Khaleej Times\" writer called \"Anaconda\" a \"blatant copy\" of \"How Many Licks?\", with Minaj's song sharing \"the lyrical blue print and theme\" of Lil' Kim's. \"Westword\"'s Cory Lamz wrote that Minaj parodied \"How Many Licks?\" and its associated visuals in the music video for her 2011 single \"Stupid Hoe\". According to Michael Arceneaux, \"How", "How Many Licks? How Many Licks? \"How Many Licks?\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \"Knight Rider\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex and her sexual relationships with a variety of men. The chorus is a reference to the advertising slogan for Tootsie Pops. A remix by The", "How Many Fucks How Many Fucks \"How Many Fucks\" (censored as \"How Many F**ks\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \"seductive\" dance moves and wore \"risqué\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \"Gage\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living carefree and without doubt. After its release,", "How Many Fucks \"How Many Fucks\" received positive reviews from music critics, with some complimenting its \"sexy\" appeal. A music video was released the same day of the single release, and featured Jayne in several \"risqué\" outfits. \"How Many Fucks\" was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while its production was handled by Adam \"Gage\" Bruce. As described by Jennifer Pearson of \"Daily Mail\" stated that the single would likely \"lift her from relative obscurity\" and joked that the lyrics \"drop[ped] the F-bomb several times to answer that question,\" referring to the song's title. Musically, \"How Many Fucks\" is a pop rap", "How Many Birds How Many Birds \"How Many Birds\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the Bee Gees in 1966 for the \"Spicks and Specks\" album. Recording took place at St. Clair Studios, Hurstville outside Sydney. The song was recorded on one-track tape machines and required the use of sound-on-sound for all overdubs. \"How Many Birds\" was recorded around April and May 1966 as part of the sessions for what became the Spicks and Specks album. The song starts with a guitar riff and the chord became E as Barry sings the introduction. After Barry sings the lines, the song", "How Many Words How Many Words \"How Many Words\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\". The song was expected to be followed by \"Know My Name\", and then \"Without You\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \"How Many Words\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the end of 2009. The single was released to mainstream radio format on March 10, 2008. Also, an EP featuring remixes of the song was released onto iTunes on May", "How Many Fucks Housewives of Beverly Hills\"'s co-star, Lisa Vanderpump. How Many Fucks \"How Many Fucks\" (censored as \"How Many F**ks\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \"seductive\" dance moves and wore \"risqué\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \"Gage\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living", "Multiple edges is added between two vertices already joined by an edge; thus, adding multiple edges preserves planarity. A dipole graph is a graph with two vertices, in which all edges are parallel to each other. Multiple edges In graph theory, multiple edges (also called parallel edges or a multi-edge), are two or more edges that are incident to the same two vertices. A simple graph has no multiple edges. Depending on the context, a graph may be defined so as to either allow or disallow the presence of multiple edges (often in concert with allowing or disallowing loops): Multiple edges are,", "Sharp Edges Young believes this novel, along with Krentz's later books \"Soft Focus\" and \"Flash\", are carving out a new subgenre of the romance novel, the corporate romance. In these works, the hero and heroine are professional equals. \"Sharp Edges\"' Eugenia has had significant professional success and is not intimidated by Cyrus, who is a business owner. Unlike in many earlier contemporary romance novels, the central conflict in \"Sharp Edges\" is a battle for control of work-related endeavors. Eugenia and Cyrus bicker over who should make the decisions as they attempt to solve several mysteries. They form a partnership not because they", "How Many Licks? VH1 wrote that the single and other tracks from \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" have a \"glossier and far more commercial\" sound than the rapper's previous releases. The lyrics of \"How Many Licks?\" are part of a movement in 1990s hip hop music to express sexuality positively. Sexuality studies professor Thomas A. Foster wrote that Lil' Kim reverses a trend in hip hop music which objectifies women for the male gaze and celebrates male sexuality. Gender studies scholar Aine McGlynn described \"How Many Licks?\" as one of the most sexually-explicit songs to receive airplay. The lyrics describe a woman's interest in oral", "How Many Drinks? How Many Drinks? \"How Many Drinks?\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \"Kaleidoscope Dream\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark Jackson, was released on April 22, 2013 on VEVO. The song debuted at 88 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on week ending May 4,", "Multiple edges Multiple edges In graph theory, multiple edges (also called parallel edges or a multi-edge), are two or more edges that are incident to the same two vertices. A simple graph has no multiple edges. Depending on the context, a graph may be defined so as to either allow or disallow the presence of multiple edges (often in concert with allowing or disallowing loops): Multiple edges are, for example, useful in the consideration of electrical networks, from a graph theoretical point of view. Additionally, they constitute the core differentiating feature of multidimensional networks. A planar graph remains planar if an edge", "How Many Licks? Lawrence and features the singer as a sex doll in three sexual fantasies. Sisqó did not appear in the video due to conflicts with his record label, Def Jam. Although music critics praised the visual, its treatment of sexuality elicited varied opinions from academics. It was also compared to music videos by other artists, including Minaj's 2011 single \"Stupid Hoe\" and American rapper Missy Elliott's 1997 single \"The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)\". In addition to the clip, Lil' Kim promoted \"How Many Licks?\" with live performances. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\" and wrote it with Lil'", "How Many More Times Wolf's \"How Many More Years\" (1951), as well as other songs by blues musicians he admired at the time of recording. In 1970, \"How Many More Times\" was dropped from Led Zeppelin's typical setlist, although they continued to perform it on occasion until the early stages of their 1975 North American tour, when it was re-introduced in full as a result of Jimmy Page's injured finger, which temporarily prevented him from playing the more challenging \"Dazed and Confused\". In a contemporary review for \"Led Zeppelin\" on release, John Mendelsohn of \"Rolling Stone\" called \"How Many More Times\" as the album's", "How many angels can dance on the head of a pin? How many angels can dance on the head of a pin? The question \"How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?\" (alternatively \"\"How many angels can stand on the \"point\" of a pin?\"\") is a reductio ad absurdum of medieval scholasticism in general, and its angelology in particular, as represented by figures such as Duns Scotus and Thomas Aquinas. It is first recorded in the 17th century, in the context of Protestant apologetics. The question has also been linked to the fall of Constantinople, with the imagery of scholars debating about minutiae while the Turks besieged the", "How Many More Times \"most representative cut\". Mendelsohn complimented Page's guitar solo and Bonham's drumming but criticized Plant's vocals, calling them \"strained and unconvincing\". How Many More Times \"How Many More Times\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \"Led Zeppelin\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \"How Many More Times\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page", "How Many More Times How Many More Times \"How Many More Times\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \"Led Zeppelin\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \"How Many More Times\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page used bowed guitar. In an interview he gave to \"Guitar World\" magazine in 1993, Page stated that the song \"was", "How Many Licks? song as an example of how Sisqó pushed the envelope of sexuality in popular culture. Brittany Vincent of \"Billboard\" noted it as an example of how the rapper was unafraid of exploring sex in her music. An editor for Apple Music included the song on its \"Lil' Kim Essentials\" playlist, writing that Lil Kim' \"more than held her own as an agile and self-possessed MC who pushed hip-hop toward its unalloyed id\". However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the single for perpetuating the sexual objectification of women. Comparing \"How Many Licks?\" with American singer Tweet's 2002 song \"Oops", "Traversed edges per second a more holistic manner may be more relevant for many scientific applications, and may be desirable for making purchasing decisions. Traversed edges per second The number of traversed edges per second (TEPS) that can be performed by is in contrast to the more standard metric of floating point operations per second (FLOPS), which does not give any weight to the communication capabilities of the machine. The term first entered usage in 2010 with the advent of petascale computing, and has since been measured for many of the world's largest supercomputers. In this context, an edge is a connection between two", "How Many Licks? a Little Doe\", a track from her 1996 album \"Hard Core\", and a remix of the American trio Intro's 1995 single \"Funny How Time Flies\". The rapper further introduces herself as \"the female Mack\". \"How Many Licks?\" received primarily positive reviews from music critics following its release and during retrospective reviews. Commentators praised the single for its sexual content. Michelle Goldberg of \"Salon\" wrote that Lil' Kim maintained a focus on her \"playfully ripe side\" from \"Hard Core\". Noisey's Adria Young referred to its lyrics in 2015 as \"some of the rap diva’s most raunchy verses to date\", citing the", "How Many Times (DJ Khaled song) meme and has since then been featured in many of Khaled's later singles, most notably For Free, which features Canadian entertainer Drake, and in Do You Mind, which features Nicki Minaj, Chris Brown, August Alsina, Jeremih, Future, and Rick Ross. How Many Times (DJ Khaled song) \"How Many Times\" is the third single by DJ Khaled, featuring Chris Brown, Lil Wayne and Big Sean from Khaled's eighth studio album \"I Changed a Lot\". It was released on May 12, 2015, as the third single from Khaled's eighth studio album, \"I Changed a Lot\" (2015). A music video for the song", "Outer Edges worlds, and its bar-raising production and execution make it one of the best releases of the year so far\". Dan Gassis of Disposable Media compared Outer Edges to Noisia's previous album, \"Split The Atom\", stating \"There’s no doubt that Outer Edges has a lot of good content and is at least worth a listen on streaming sites, but when Split The Atom had the great vocals and big drops of \"My World\", or the superb structure of \"Shellshock\", or the iconic sound of \"Stigma\"…you start to wonder what the equivalents are on Outer Edges. \"Anomaly\" has a lot of flavour", "Nappy edges \"poetess\"). Stories of love and relationships can be found in each section of \"nappy edges\". Shange explores how traditional gender dynamics can mistreat women. From manipulative men who take advantage of women sexually, to women who stand up for themselves, each poem tells a different story. Shange explores love and relationships as spaces where women should be able to seek their own pleasure, sexual or otherwise. By showing how sex and love can either torment or uplift women, Shange is able to Although the women in Shange's poems are self-sufficient, there is still an overarching theme of loneliness throughout \"nappy", "The Lion has Many Ears of jealousy; that Guðrún's son Svenni stole the antique pistol; that Kjartan in fact killed himself, staging his suicide as a murder (echoing how in \"Laxdæla saga\" Kjartan refuses to defend himself against Bolli); and that Hrefna murdered Bolli, apparently supposing that he was to blame for Kjartan's murder. In an epilogue, Guðrún bumps into Leó in the street and it becomes clear from family resemblance that her son Þorlákur is in fact not Bolli's son, but Leó's, and the two become a happy couple, echoing Guðrún Ósvifursdóttir's fourth marriage, to Þorkell Eyjólfsson, in \"Laxdæla saga\". The Lion has Many", "How Many Miles to Babylon? (novel) starring Daniel Day-Lewis as Alec and Christopher Fairbank as Jerry. In 2005 the actor and director Alan Stanford adapted the novel for stage and it was produced by Second Age Theatre Company and directed by David Parnell. The play has been performed several times subsequently. The book featured as the \"Book at Bedtime\" on BBC Radio 4 in April 2013. \"In the Army :\" How Many Miles to Babylon? (novel) How Many Miles to Babylon? is a novel by Irish writer Jennifer Johnston, first published in 1974. The novel explores the relationship of two men, an Anglo-Irish aristocrat, Alexander Moore,", "Edges of Darkness their careers.\" Mike Phalin of Dread Central was more positive; he rated \"Edges of Darkness\" 3 out of 5 stars and said, \"When thinking back on \"Edges of Darkness\", the positives far outweigh the bad. The independent film market is flooded with flops that don't try in the least to break new ground, but Jason Horton and his crew created something that breathes life into a tired and clichéd subgenre. \"Edges of Darkness\" is certainly an anthology that should be expanded as it employs many creative ideas and a cast of memorable characters.\" Peter Dendle called the stories \"thin and", "Edges (musical) performed as part of a Masters' thesis project at the Guildford School of Acting. Samples of the songs can be found at the composers' official site. Edges (musical) Edges (sometimes produced as \"Edges: A Song Cycle\") is a work of musical theatre by Pasek & Paul. It is a song cycle about coming of age, growth and self-discovery of people mostly in their 20s. Its most famous song, \"Be My Friend\", has come to be commonly known as the \"Facebook song\". The musical was written by Pasek & Paul in 2005 when they were 19-year-old undergraduates in musical theatre at", "How Many More Years of the power chord. T-Bone Burnett said of the recording: The first major breakthrough Sam [Phillips] made was with Howlin' Wolf. That's when he started bringing the bass and drums up loud. Back in those days the bass and drums were background instruments; it was all about the horns and the piano, the melody instruments, and Sam brought the rhythm section right up front, and that became rock 'n' roll. That was a big shift... In some ways \"How Many More Years\" by Wolf would be the first rock ’n’ roll song because that has the guitar lick that became", "Edges (musical) Edges (musical) Edges (sometimes produced as \"Edges: A Song Cycle\") is a work of musical theatre by Pasek & Paul. It is a song cycle about coming of age, growth and self-discovery of people mostly in their 20s. Its most famous song, \"Be My Friend\", has come to be commonly known as the \"Facebook song\". The musical was written by Pasek & Paul in 2005 when they were 19-year-old undergraduates in musical theatre at the University of Michigan. They decided to write their own show after being unhappy with the roles they were assigned in musical theatre productions at the", "Traversed edges per second Traversed edges per second The number of traversed edges per second (TEPS) that can be performed by is in contrast to the more standard metric of floating point operations per second (FLOPS), which does not give any weight to the communication capabilities of the machine. The term first entered usage in 2010 with the advent of petascale computing, and has since been measured for many of the world's largest supercomputers. In this context, an edge is a connection between two vertices on a graph, and the traversal is the ability of the machine to communicate data between these two points.", "How Many Clouds Can You See? a strange mixture of everything from free improvisation to calypso, his second date, 1970's \"How Many Clouds Can You See?\", is a much more focused affair. Surman clearly references one of his roots, John Coltrane, albeit on an instrument that the legendary saxophonist never played. All compositions by John Surman except where noted. How Many Clouds Can You See? How Many Clouds Can You See? is the second album by English saxophonist John Surman featuring Harry Beckett, Alan Skidmore, Barre Phillips and Tony Oxley recorded in 1970 and released on the Deram label. Allmusic awards the album 4 and a", "How Many Licks? T. C. M. Tyree wrote that the focus on beauty standards in the video continued with Nicki Minaj's video for \"Stupid Hoe\". Lil' Kim rapped the first verses of \"How Many Licks?\" during a 2010 event at Irving Plaza. During the performance, she had a wardrobe malfunction and her top almost fell down. She also performed the song in 2012 as part of her Return of the Queen Tour, as well as during a one-night show at the Gramercy Theatre the following year, wearing a red bodysuit and long black hair. In 2013, American drag queen Alaska Thunderfuck sang a", "How Many Fucks song with a heavy beat. Erica Russell from Pop Crush called it a \"bouncy electro-pop/hip-hop track\" that confirms Jayne's \"philosophy\" of \"take nothing seriously\". After its release, \"How Many Fucks\" received generally favorable reviews from contemporary music critics. In a highly positive review, Julia Brucculieri of \"The Huffington Post\" praised both the track and its corresponding video for being catchy and sexy. Erika Harwood of MTV called it \"perfect\", while Jordan Miller of BreatheHeavy praised it for being \"fire\". Idolator's Mike Wass was more critical of the song, describing it as a \"parody of her old material\". Jessica P. Ogilvie", "How Many Licks? (Oh My)\", Neal wrote that Tweet's focus on masturbation was a better expression of black female sexuality. The remix of \"How Many Licks?\" was also praised in retrospective reviews. In a 2015 article, Michael Arceneaux of VH1 called it \"an under-appreciated gem\" and suggested that Lil' Kim record another collaboration with Neptunes member Pharrell Williams in the future. According to Arceneaux, the remix is treated with \"great reverence\" by fans. Mark Anthony Neal was more critical of the remix due to Fabolous' lyrics (\"Oops, there goes my kids on your face\"), saying that the addition changed the song's message from", "How Many Licks? and a bling accessary\". Lil' Kim and Sisqó also exchange pick-up lines during the song. The chorus refers to the advertising slogan for Tootsie Pops (\"How many licks does it takes to get to the Tootsie Roll centre of a Tootsie Pop?\"), and ties sexuality to consumerism according to media studies professor Scott Wilson. For the track's remix, Lil' Kim associates her rapping abilities with oral sex: \"Ya neva seen this stroke of genius / [I] put tha cleanest, meanest lips on ya penis!\" She is also noted to popularize the word \"gangstress\" which she had previously used in \"Spend", "How Many Licks? Kim and Sisqó, who are credited under their legal names (Kimberly Jones and Mark Andrews). Sisqó wrote the song's hook and contributed verses. The vocals were recorded by Dave Wade and Stephen Dent at Daddy's House Recording Studios in New York City and Trans Continental Studios in Orlando, with Ed Raso mixing the audio. \"How Many Licks?\" was released as the second single from Lil' Kim's second album, \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" (2000), as a 12-inch single and CD single by Atlantic Records and Queen Bee Entertainment. A remix by American production duo the Neptunes was also made available, with vocals", "I Belong to You/How Many Ways Awards. \"How Many Ways\" was co-written by Braxton herself and sampled the song \"God Make Me Funky\" by The Headhunters featuring Pointer Sisters. The protagonist of the composition, co-written by Braxton herself, declares there are many ways in which she loves her man. The music video for \"How Many Ways\" features Braxton and Shemar Moore riding in a car, frolicking in a playground, and on a veranda. A remix produced by R. Kelly also was released to radio and music television stations. \"I Belong to You/How Many Ways\" peaked at number 28 on January 21, 1995. I Belong to You/How", "How Many Fucks of \"Los Angeles Magazine\" called the song \"an instant classic\" and \"amazing\". A music video for \"How Many Fucks\" was released on April 19, 2016 and directed by Mikey Minden. In the video, Jayne wears several \"rather risqué\" costumes, including a \"money-print dress\" and shimmery clothing to appear as a \"golden goddess\". According to E! Online, several of the dance moves performed are not safe for work. Evan Real of \"Us Weekly\" described the video as Jayne \"show[ing] off her killer curves in a variety of skin-baring ensembles as she cavorts across mini-movie's several sets.\" The video opens with Jayne", "How Many Billboards? Art Instead How Many Billboards? Art Instead How Many Billboards? Art Instead, was a large scale urban art exhibition in Los Angeles, California. The exhibition, which opened in February 2010, concurrently displayed 21 unique billboards created by various leading contemporary Californian artists. Organized by MAK Center director Kimberli Meyer and co-curated by Nizan Shaked and Dr. Gloria Sutton, the exhibition asked artists \"to create a new work that critically responded to the medium of the billboard and interpreted its role in the urban landscape\". Notable contemporary artist Martha Rosler and her son Josh Neufeld were among some of the commissioned artists. https://www.fastcompany.com/1559860/los-angeles-swaps-21-billboards-art", "How Many Billboards? Art Instead How Many Billboards? Art Instead How Many Billboards? Art Instead, was a large scale urban art exhibition in Los Angeles, California. The exhibition, which opened in February 2010, concurrently displayed 21 unique billboards created by various leading contemporary Californian artists. Organized by MAK Center director Kimberli Meyer and co-curated by Nizan Shaked and Dr. Gloria Sutton, the exhibition asked artists \"to create a new work that critically responded to the medium of the billboard and interpreted its role in the urban landscape\". Notable contemporary artist Martha Rosler and her son Josh Neufeld were among some of the commissioned artists. https://www.fastcompany.com/1559860/los-angeles-swaps-21-billboards-art", "Outer Edges of the original track intact\", further stating \"\"Surfaceless\" is a great auditory reflection of Noisia’s current musical experimentation, and steadily grows on the listener with time\". Outer Edges Outer Edges is the third studio album by Dutch electronic trio, Noisia. Outer Edges was released on 5 August 2016, by Noisia's own electronic music record label Vision Recordings. Outer Edges was later followed up by a 20-song remix album in April 2017 and a 5-song remix extended play by Noisia in June 2017. \"Outer Edges\" was originally planned to release on 16 September, however a month prior to release, the album", "Outer Edges Outer Edges Outer Edges is the third studio album by Dutch electronic trio, Noisia. Outer Edges was released on 5 August 2016, by Noisia's own electronic music record label Vision Recordings. Outer Edges was later followed up by a 20-song remix album in April 2017 and a 5-song remix extended play by Noisia in June 2017. \"Outer Edges\" was originally planned to release on 16 September, however a month prior to release, the album was leaked online, prompting Noisia to release the album earlier than expected. The trio later explained why they decided to release the album a month prior", "How Many Licks? on her blonde hair and blue eyes. They wrote that Lil' Kim would be remembered by \"her participation in codes of pornographic descriptions of women\" rather than her commentary on sexuality. Selected scholars compared the video to those released by other rappers. In his essay \"Supa Dupa Fly: Black Women as Cyborgs in Hiphop Videos\", cultural critic Steven Shaviro wrote that the videos for \"How Many Licks?\" and American rapper Missy Elliott's 1997 single \"The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)\" contain “stories of black female empowerment, in the face of deeply engrained racism and sexism\". Feminist scholars M. L. Williams and", "How Many Licks? remaining on the chart for 20 weeks. \"How Many Licks?\" also charted in several other countries. It peaked at number six on the Dutch Top 40 chart, and remained on the chart for 13 weeks. The single reached number seven on the Ultratop chart in the Flanders region of Belgium, also remaining on that chart for 13 weeks. It further peaked at number 58 on the German Singles Chart, remaining for eight editions. The song's music video, directed by Francis Lawrence, was shot in the Sylmar, Los Angeles neighborhood of Los Angeles on October 3 and 4, 2000, and premiered", "Outer Edges to its supposed release date, stating: Friday Night, while we were in the final minutes of setting up the stage for our first ever Outer Edges show, we received the news that our album had been leaked. We think you can imagine how bad we felt at that moment. We realise it’s 2016, and things like these happen all the time. Still, it’s quite a setback. All the plans we’ve made have to be scrapped and replaced by something less ideal, because we have to react to this unfortunate situation. Even though we are unhappy about this leak, we’re still", "How Long Has This Been Going On? this been going on?\" Many recordings omit the first verse; Louis Armstrong's instead omits the second, which more strongly presupposes a female singer. How Long Has This Been Going On? \"How Long Has This Been Going On?\" is a song composed by George Gershwin, with lyrics by Ira Gershwin for the musical \"Funny Face\" in 1928. Replaced by \"He Loves and She Loves\" in \"Funny Face\", it was eventually introduced in the musical \"Rosalie\" (1928) by Bobbe Arnst as Mary O'Brien. The lyrics used as first released by Gershwin started with the refrain: \"As a tot, when I trotted in", "How many angels can dance on the head of a pin? about how many could perch at the same time on the head of a pin\"\". Dorothy L. Sayers argued that the question was \"simply a debating exercise\" and that the answer \"usually adjudged correct\" was stated as, \"Angels are pure intelligences, not material, but limited, so that they have location in space, but not extension.\" Sayers compares the question to that of how many people's thoughts can be concentrated upon a particular pin at the same time. She concludes that infinitely many angels can be located on the head of a pin, since they do not occupy any space there:", "The Edges of Twilight The Edges of Twilight The Edges of Twilight (1995) is the third album by The Tea Party. The album features many instruments from around the world, giving various songs a strong world music flavour in addition to the rock/blues influences evident in the band's earlier releases. Jeff Burrows explained that \"basically we wanted to expand upon the initial idea that we tried on \"Splendor Solis\", which was trying to incorporate different styles of world music into our music. So with this album we became more familiar with many more instruments. In our minds we were trying to do for a", "Outer Edges Ninja Ninja Drum & Bass praised the album, stating \"For me, Outer Edges is just a natural extension of the ethos Noisia have come to represent and the place that they hold in the bass community. The LP is insanely good, it has their trademark impeccable sound design, a lot of variety, some intense originality and it’s just packed full of deep, dark and murky vibes that mean I highly, highly doubt we’re going to hear a better album this year\". Matthew Meadow of Your EDM stated \"\"Outer Edges\", their first album in 6 years, explores a variety of bass-centric", "Sharp Edges Sharp Edges Sharp Edges is a contemporary romance written by Jayne Ann Krentz. It was published in hardcover by Pocket Books in February 1998 and became Krentz's 20th consecutive novel on the New York Times Bestseller List. Jayne Ann Krentz is a prolific author, releasing books under three pseudonyms. As Amanda Quick, she writes historical romance; as Jayne Castle she writes paranormal romance, and under her own name she releases contemporary romance novels. \"Sharp Edges\", her twelfth novel under the Krentz name, was published on February 1, 1998 by Pocket Books. The heroine of \"Sharp Edges\", Eugenia Swift, is the", "How Many Times Can We Say Goodbye Got A Date (Instrumental) 12 Got A Date (Single Version) 13 Two Ships Passing In The Night (Instrumental) (previously unreleased) 14 How Many Times Can We Say Goodbye (Instrumental) How Many Times Can We Say Goodbye How Many Times Can We Say Goodbye is an album recorded by Dionne Warwick, her sixth for the Arista label. It was recorded during the spring of 1983 and was released that fall. The LP was originally issued as number AL 8-8104 in the Arista Catalog. Despite strong reviews, it was a commercial disappointment, stalling at number 57 on \"Billboard\"'s album chart. Two singles", "How Many Times Can We Say Goodbye How Many Times Can We Say Goodbye How Many Times Can We Say Goodbye is an album recorded by Dionne Warwick, her sixth for the Arista label. It was recorded during the spring of 1983 and was released that fall. The LP was originally issued as number AL 8-8104 in the Arista Catalog. Despite strong reviews, it was a commercial disappointment, stalling at number 57 on \"Billboard\"'s album chart. Two singles came from the album, 'How Many Times Can We Say Goodbye?' (a duet with album producer Luther Vandross) which hit #4 Adult Contemporary and #27 on Billboard's Hot 100", "Love Has Many Faces Love Has Many Faces Love Has Many Faces is a 1965 American drama film in Eastman Color made by Columbia Pictures. The movie was directed by Alexander Singer, and written by Marguerite Roberts. Nancy Wilson sings the title song and Edith Head designed Lana Turner's clothes. When a dead American \"beach boy\" is washed up on a beach in Acapulco, the police do an investigation to see if it was murder. Lieutenant Riccardo Andrade (Enrique Lucero) of the Mexican police interviews three suspects. Hank Walker (Hugh O'Brian) is another beach boy who works as a gigolo and also blackmails vacationing", "Love Has Many Faces middle-aged American women. Pete Jordan (Cliff Robertson) is a former beach boy who married rich American Kit (Lana Turner). Kit met Pete when he was selling his blood and bought all of him. The dead man was wearing a bracelet engraved \"LOVE IS THIN ICE,\" which the police discover was given to him by Kit. They also discover that he'd had an affair with her. In addition to the police, the dead American's deserted girlfriend, Carol Lambert (Stefanie Powers), comes to Mexico to find out about her former boyfriend's death. Love Has Many Faces Love Has Many Faces is a", "I Belong to You/How Many Ways I Belong to You/How Many Ways \"I Belong to You\"/\"How Many Ways\", alternatively \"How Many Ways\"/\"I Belong to You\" in the vinyl edition, is the fifth and final single from American R&B singer Toni Braxton's self-titled debut album, \"Toni Braxton\" (1993). The single was released in the United States in 1994 with both songs as double-sided songs. \"I Belong to You\" was written by Vassal Benford and Ronald Spearman and produced by Benford. While there was no music video for \"I Belong to You\", the song garnered Braxton a nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance at the 1996 Grammy", "How many angels can dance on the head of a pin? Suite Part II: Let It Grow\", a song from the 1973 Grateful Dead album Wake of the Flood, includes the line \"As well to count the angels dancing on a pin.\" In the comic book \"The Crow\" by James O'Barr, the main character asks this question to one of his victims before killing them, answering himself, \"Depends on the tune\". The song \"Velodrome\" from Minnesota rapper Dessa's 2018 album Chime, references this question in the first verse asking, \"Aquinas, call on me/ How many angels on the/ Head of your pin?\" How many angels can dance on the head of", "How Many Times (DJ Khaled song) How Many Times (DJ Khaled song) \"How Many Times\" is the third single by DJ Khaled, featuring Chris Brown, Lil Wayne and Big Sean from Khaled's eighth studio album \"I Changed a Lot\". It was released on May 12, 2015, as the third single from Khaled's eighth studio album, \"I Changed a Lot\" (2015). A music video for the song was released on May 11, 2015. This video was famously known for featuring Khaled saying \"Another one!\" when demanding another kiss from a woman in the video. Ace Hood makes a cameo. This quote would then quickly evolve into a", "How Many Miles to Babylon? (novel) How Many Miles to Babylon? (novel) How Many Miles to Babylon? is a novel by Irish writer Jennifer Johnston, first published in 1974. The novel explores the relationship of two men, an Anglo-Irish aristocrat, Alexander Moore, and a lower class son of a labourer on his lands, Jerry, as they experience the First World War. The story is the complex tale of a friendship between two boys in Ireland prior to and during World War I. Alec, the son of Anglo-Irish parents grows up lonely and friendless on his parents' estate in Wicklow during the early years of the 20th", "How Many Clouds Can You See? How Many Clouds Can You See? How Many Clouds Can You See? is the second album by English saxophonist John Surman featuring Harry Beckett, Alan Skidmore, Barre Phillips and Tony Oxley recorded in 1970 and released on the Deram label. Allmusic awards the album 4 and a half stars and its review by Jason Ankeny states: \"John Surman's second album remains his most impressive, anticipating the sound and scope of the European free jazz movement that would blossom in the decade to come\". John Kelman in his All About Jazz review states: \"While woodwind multi-instrumentalist John Surman's eponymous debut was", "How Many More Years formed his own band in West Memphis, Arkansas, in 1948, billing himself as \"The Howlin' Wolf\". He began broadcasting on radio station KWEM in West Memphis, and was heard by Sam Phillips who signed him for Memphis Recording Service. He recorded \"How Many More Years\" at the MRS studio at 706 Union Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee, in or about July 1951, singing and playing harmonica with a band comprising (probably) Ike Turner (piano), Willie Johnson (guitar), and Willie Steele (drums). The repetitious bass-string boogie line resembles the one played in the traditional blues standard \"Forty-Four\". The record's original A-side, \"Moanin' at", "How many angels can dance on the head of a pin? The practical lesson to be drawn from the argument is not to use words like \"there\" in a loose, unscientific way, without specifying whether you mean \"located there\" or \"occupying space there.\" In the humoristic magazine \"Annals of Improbable Research\", Anders Sandberg has presented a calculation based on theories of information physics and quantum gravity, establishing an upper bound of 8.6766×10 angels. Comparing medieval superstition and modern science, George Bernard Shaw wrote in the introduction to the play \"Saint Joan\" that \"The medieval doctors of divinity who did not pretend to settle how many angels could dance on the point", "Sharp Edges most of her novels, Krentz's villain was essentially a parody. \"Sharp Edges\" reached number 9 on the New York Times Bestseller List for hardcover fiction. It was her 20th consecutive novel to appear on the list. Sharp Edges Sharp Edges is a contemporary romance written by Jayne Ann Krentz. It was published in hardcover by Pocket Books in February 1998 and became Krentz's 20th consecutive novel on the New York Times Bestseller List. Jayne Ann Krentz is a prolific author, releasing books under three pseudonyms. As Amanda Quick, she writes historical romance; as Jayne Castle she writes paranormal romance, and", "Dark Round the Edges 17th most valuable record of all time by NME. The album has been reissued several times. Richie Unterberger of AllMusic commented that the songs were \"largely vehicles for some involved, fuzzy hard rock guitar soloing\" and compared the \"softer parts\" to Jefferson Airplane and The Grateful Dead. Adapted from the back cover of \"Dark Around the Edges\". Dark Round the Edges Dark Round the Edges is the first album by British psychedelic rock group Dark, released in 1972. The original edition is considered to be a \"holy grail\" for record collectors. The album was originally released in an edition of", "The Edges of Twilight were commissioned by the band from Australian artist, Robert Buratti which were released worldwide. Buratti also created a series of short films which were projected as a backdrop to the band while performing across Canada and Australia. The Edges of Twilight The Edges of Twilight (1995) is the third album by The Tea Party. The album features many instruments from around the world, giving various songs a strong world music flavour in addition to the rock/blues influences evident in the band's earlier releases. Jeff Burrows explained that \"basically we wanted to expand upon the initial idea that we tried on", "Outer Edges own harrowed textures and tones in the most minimal, mysterious and deepest ways\". On 16 October 2016, prior to the release of Outer Edges (Remixes), Canadian electronic artist Joel Zimmerman, better known as his stage name deadmau5, was shown to be remixing Noisia's song \"Collider\" in a live production session, confirming that it would be an official remix for Noisia in the livestream chat, however the remix did not appear on the remix album. On 9 June 2017, a remix extended play of Outer Edges was released by Vision Recordings. The remix extended play featured 5 \"Outer Edges\" remixes by", "Nappy edges to avoid rhetoric. A fine show.\" Nappy edges nappy edges is a collection of poetry and prose poetry written by Ntozake Shange and first published by St. Martin's Press in 1978. The poems, which vary in voice and style, explore themes of love, racism, sexism, and loneliness. Shange's third book of poetry, \"nappy edges,\" was met with positive reviews and praise from critics, like Holly Prado of the \"Los Angeles Times\" who said of it that \"this collection of poems, prose poems and poetic essays merges personal passion and heightened language.\" The collection is divided into five sections of poetry", "Outer Edges really happy with the music. We really hope you will enjoy it as much as we’ve enjoyed making it. Outer Edges officially released on 5 August 2016, being the first album by Noisia in 6 years. The album was released alongside a European tour of the same name. When officially announcing the album, Noisia stated:It’s called Outer Edges because it’s us exploring the outer edges of what Noisia, the three of us together, is. It's about the idea that all the songs are little islands that we take to their individual edge... They’re all like expeditions to far sides. That", "Nappy edges Nappy edges nappy edges is a collection of poetry and prose poetry written by Ntozake Shange and first published by St. Martin's Press in 1978. The poems, which vary in voice and style, explore themes of love, racism, sexism, and loneliness. Shange's third book of poetry, \"nappy edges,\" was met with positive reviews and praise from critics, like Holly Prado of the \"Los Angeles Times\" who said of it that \"this collection of poems, prose poems and poetic essays merges personal passion and heightened language.\" The collection is divided into five sections of poetry and prose. The first section, \"things", "The Lion has Many Ears The Lion has Many Ears Mörg eru ljónsins eyru (literally, 'Many are the Lion's Ears', or, in the publisher's translation, 'The Lion has Many Ears'), published in Reykjavík in 2010 by JPV, is an Icelandic crime novel by Þórunn Erlu-Valdimarsdóttir set between 1995 and 2009. It is to a large extent an adaptation of the famous medieval Icelandic saga \"Laxdæla saga\"; in the assessment of Páll Baldvin Baldvinsson, 'the love triangle of \"Laxdæla saga\" is here dragged screaming into the present, though some parts of the story were clearly written before the Crash, others after'. The novel was nominated for", "Nappy edges \"nappy edges\" all can be tied back to the multifaceted existence and complicated identities of black women. Like her plays, novels, and choreopoems, Shange's poems are as humorous as they are tragic, and explore a variety of themes. Many of Shange's poems are about poetry itself—what it means to write it and what it means to read it. In \"takin a solo/ a poetic possibility/ a poetic imperative\", she implores black writers to cultivate the kinds of distinctive and original voices that we appreciate and expect from black musicians. Her fear is that black voices will fade into indistinction, and", "How Many Miles to Babylon? (novel) and careful description\" to depict the chaotic environment created by war. The novel also includes small abstracts from poetry and songs. The title of the novel is derived from a traditional nursery Rhyme, How Many Miles to Babylon?: <poem> </poem> When re-reviewing the novel in 2011, Philip Womack described the novel as \"slim but emotionally hefty.\" For Womack, it's a poignant retelling of how the First World War erased lines of class, and its emotional toil: \"Johnston's novel conveys both the insanity of war and the poignancy of unspoken tenderness.\" In 1982 it was adapted for television by the BBC,", "Edges of Darkness unconnected\" though an improvement over \"Rise of the Undead\". Edges of Darkness Edges of Darkness is a 2008 American direct to video horror film directed by Jason Horton and Blaine Cade. The plot is about three interconnected tales of terror set against the backdrop of a zombie apocalypse. \"Edges of Darkness\" tells the tales of three groups of survivors held up in an apartment complex during a zombie apocalypse. With their food supply dwindling, a vampire couple kidnaps a young girl. They intend to bleed her slowly to survive, but things don't go exactly as planned. Dean, an obsessed horror", "Edges of Darkness Edges of Darkness Edges of Darkness is a 2008 American direct to video horror film directed by Jason Horton and Blaine Cade. The plot is about three interconnected tales of terror set against the backdrop of a zombie apocalypse. \"Edges of Darkness\" tells the tales of three groups of survivors held up in an apartment complex during a zombie apocalypse. With their food supply dwindling, a vampire couple kidnaps a young girl. They intend to bleed her slowly to survive, but things don't go exactly as planned. Dean, an obsessed horror writer is holed up with his neglected wife, Dana.", "How many angels can dance on the head of a pin? dancing on a needle's point occurs in an expository work by the English divine, William Sclater (1575-1626). In \"An exposition with notes vpon the first Epistle to the Thessalonians\" (1619), Sclater claimed that scholastic philosophers occupied themselves with such pointless questions as whether angels \"did occupie a place; and so, whether many might be in one place at one time; and how many might sit on a Needles point; and six hundred such like needlesse points.\" Harrison proposes that the reason an English writer first introduced the \"needle’s point\" into a critique of medieval angelology is that it makes for", "How Many Miles to Babylon? In the 1824 edition of \"The Scottish Gallovidian Encyclopedia\" there's a description of the rhyme and the game, giving the distance as \"six, seven or a lang eight\". The rhyme was originally accompanied by a singing game in which two lines face each other, with one player in the middle. At the end of the rhyme the players have to cross the space and any caught help the original player in the middle catch the others. The game seems to have fallen out of use in the twentieth century. In literature In film In music How Many Miles to Babylon?", "Nappy edges is explicitly about Shange's love of music, and doesn't stick to a particular rhythm or meter (like most of her poems). Shange recorded a version of \"i live in music\" accompanied by the William Goffigan Ensemble, which demonstrates both the connection between her poems and music, and her poetry's innate musicality. Although \"nappy edges\" is not as widely read as \"for colored girls who have considered suicide/when the rainbow is enuf\" or some of Shange's other works, it was well received. Roxanne Brown of the New Pittsburgh Courier called \"nappy edges\" \"a richly-textiled tapestry of cheeriness and pain, woven together", "Edges of Darkness film; after six months of delays, it finished in February 2008. \"Edges of Darkness\" played on United Kingdom television station Zone Horror in 2009. Anchor Bay Entertainment released it on DVD on September 22, 2009. Reviews of the video were mixed. Beyondhollywood.com stated in its review, \"[\"Edges of Darkness\" is] not really anything above a B-level, straight-to-video product...Low budget films aren't usually known for their award-winning dialogue or fine acting, and \"Edges of Darkness\" conforms to the standard. The dialogue never feels \"real,\" and the acting is pretty wooden. That said, I can see several of these actors advancing in", "Outer Edges styles. While the drum & bass masters explore genres at a tangent to drum & bass, the album is phenomenal in every aspect. Sound design, exploration, innovation and boldness abound in the 18 tracks on this album. They really left no stone unturned\". \"Outer Edges\" received Best Album, Best Video for the single \"Mantra\" and awarded Noisia with Best Producer for the 8th annual Drum&BassArena Awards. On 7 April 2017, a remix album of Outer Edges was released by Vision Recordings. The remix album featured 18 remixes from various artists, including remixes from electronic producers Machinedrum, Mat Zo, Bassnectar and", "Outer Edges Moody Good. When announcing the release of the remix album, Noisia stated:When we made the original we went as far as we could within our own confines; exploring and stretching the outer edges. With this remix package we asked a lot of different artists to take that material beyond our edges, into their respective domains. We are really happy that they managed to take our music into completely different dimensions, with such exciting results!Peter Rubinstein of Your EDM praised the remix album, stating \"Mat Zo, Dyro, Camo & Krooked, Tsuruda, Moody Good, Bassnectar and more lent their contributions to the", "Edges (musical) 2013 presented by American Musical Theatre Live. The production was directed by with musical direction by John Florencio and vocal direction by Miranda Crispin. The UK professional premiere took place at the Tabard Theatre from 29 July - 30 August 2014 with direction by Adam Philpott and Choreography by Lewis Butler Edges made its Houston premiere in April 2016 at Frenetic Theatre. The production was produced by PMT Productions and starred Blair Carrizales, Danny Dyer, Scott Lupton, and Chaney Moore. The production was directed by Travis Kirk Coombs and Music Directed by Eduardo Guzman. On July 13, 2018 \"Edges\" was", "Edges (musical) musical direction by Leigh Thompson. The South African premiere production took place in June 2011, directed by Paul Griffiths with musical direction by Garth Tavares. The cast featured Roland Perold, Luella Holland, Shannyn Fourie and David Fick. The production toured the South African National Arts Festival in Grahamstown in July. Edges made its Singapore premiere in April 2013 at the Drama Centre. It was staged by Derrick Chew, Artistic Director of Sightlines Productions with musical direction by Joel Nah. The cast included Benjamin Kheng, Mina Kaye, Kristy Griffin and Linden Furnell. Edges made its premiere in Paris, France in June", "How Long, How Long Blues How Long, How Long Blues \"How Long, How Long Blues\" (also known as \"How Long Blues\" or \"How Long How Long\") is a blues song recorded by the American blues duo Leroy Carr and Scrapper Blackwell in 1928. The song became \"an instant best-seller\" and one of the first blues standards, inspiring many blues songs of the era. It has been recorded by many artists, not only in blues but also country and western, pop, and jazz. \"How Long, How Long Blues\" is based on \"How Long Daddy\", recorded in 1925 by Ida Cox with Papa Charlie Jackson. Leroy Carr", "How to Make a Bird How to Make a Bird How to Make a Bird by Australian author Martine Murray is a 2003 children's novel which centres on a young adolescent girl called Mannie. Mannie has faced a myriad of losses and challenges throughout her short life. Little by little they begin to make her question her identity. In order to escape her insecurities about who she is, Mannie decides to embark on a journey of self-discovery, enlightenment and acceptance. \"How to Make a Bird\" deals with many themes; however, the most prominent are those of loss, family breakdown, love, acceptance and identity. Loss is", "How Many Miles to Babylon? good and your spurs be bright. How mony men have ye? Mae nor ye daur come and see.</poem> Various places have replaced Babylon in the rhyme, including London town, Barberry and Berry Bright. The rhyme was not recorded until the nineteenth century, but the reference to Cantelon in the Scottish version has led some to conclude that it refers to Caledon in the time of the Crusades. Babylon may be a corruption of 'Babyland', but the city was a common allusion particularly in seventeenth-century England and 'Can I get there by candlelight?' was a common saying in the sixteenth century." ]

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[ "The provocativeness that was present in Close's earlier work was missing from the work of the '80s and '90s." ]

[ "The work by Close in the 90's was far more provocative than his earlier works.", "Economic consequences from federal funding programs are non-existent.", "A man sitting on bench listining to the music.", "A man is playing many instruments on the corner of a street.", "A man is playing a flute while holding other flutes.", "Due to sufficient lighting, my wife easily noticed me.", "Respondents in 30 different states were asked their opinion on going to the moon." ]

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[ "Ursine colobus Ursine colobus The ursine colobus (\"Colobus vellerosus\", white-thighed colobus, Geoffroy's black-and-white colobus, white-thighed black-and-white colobus) is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae. The ursine colobus is quite distinctive, with predominantly black fur and lacking a white mantle. They have a black and naked face which is surrounded by a thick white halo of fur. The ursine colobus is further characterized by white patches on the thighs which vary in width and length. Like other species of colobus, the babies are born with an all white fur coat, which starts to turn black at around three months of age.", "Ursine colobus males are highly territorial and disperse upon reaching sexual maturity. Ursine colobus use a roaring call to advertise territory and location, this roar is a low \"rur, rur, rur\" noise. They also have alarm calls that alert group members when predators have been seen which are a \"snorting\" sound, made by all members of the group except infants. Ursine colobus are mainly vegetarian and have a diet which is made up of new leaves and seeds, with the occasional addition of fruits, insects, and termite clay. Ursine colobuses are found in lowland rainforest and in gallery forests which extend northwards", "Ursine colobus some parts of their range these monkeys are held to be sacred. It is listed as Class A under the African Convention, and under Appendix II of CITES. They are known to live within a number of protected areas including Comoe National Park, Fazao-Malfakassa National Park and Mole, Bui and Digya National Parks (Ghana). The ursine colobus was formerly thought to be a subspecies of \"Colobus polykomos\" with which it interbred; however, it has since been recognized as a separate species. Ursine colobus The ursine colobus (\"Colobus vellerosus\", white-thighed colobus, Geoffroy's black-and-white colobus, white-thighed black-and-white colobus) is a species of", "Ursine tree-kangaroo Ursine tree-kangaroo The ursine tree-kangaroo (\"Dendrolagus ursinus\") is a species of marsupial in the family Macropodidae. It is endemic to the Vogelkop and possibly the Fakfak Peninsulas, West Papua, Indonesia. Other common names for this species include the black tree-kangaroo, the Vogelkop tree-kangaroo and the white-throated tree-kangaroo. It is threatened by habitat destruction and is listed as \"vulnerable\" by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. This tree-kangaroo grows to a head-and-body length of with a tail of , and a weight of up to . The upper parts are glossy black while the underparts are fawn. There is a", "Ursine colobus In contrast to other species of colobus, they have slender bodies and ischial callosities, a hard thickened area of skin on the buttocks that allows comfortable sitting on branches. It has an all white tail which is longer than the body. They weight between for males and in females with a body length of is in males and in females. Ursine colobus are diurnal and highly arboreal, coming down from trees only occasionally when feeding. Their social behavior is like that of many polygynous monkeys, with each group consisting of related females their juvenile offspring and a territorial male. The", "Ursine colobus into the Guinea Forest Savannah Zone. In Bénin, these monkeys were observed in several habitats, including swamp forests, semi-deciduous forests and gallery forests. It is found in Benin, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, and Togo, as well as very southernmost Burkina Faso. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. The ursine colobus is threatened by both hunting and deforestation. Its range falls within a region which includes a dense and rapidly growing human population, where forest destruction has been extensive, and there is uncontrolled hunting of wildlife in many places. However, in", "Ursine tree-kangaroo also the Fakfak Peninsula in West Papua. It occurs in tropical forests at altitudes between . The ursine tree-kangaroo is nocturnal, solitary and lives mainly in trees, though it can descend to the ground where its gait is bipedal, hopping rather clumsily on its hind legs. It is much more agile among the branches of trees, where it feeds on fruit and leaves. Breeding is thought to take place at any time of year. Being a marsupial, a tiny neonate is born about thirty days after conception, and wriggles through the fur of the mother's abdomen to the pouch. Here", "Ursine tree-kangaroo it attaches to a nipple and develops for about three hundred days. \"D. ursinus\" has a very limited range and is declining in numbers; the population is thought to have diminished by at least 30% within the last three generations (thirty years). The two main threats it faces are habitat destruction as forests are cleared to provide farming land, and hunting by indigenous peoples for food. Historically, it used to be present in lowland forests, but now it only occurs in mountain forests. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being \"vulnerable\". Ursine tree-kangaroo", "Pack animal Pack animal A pack animal or beast of burden is an individual or type of working animal used by humans as means of transporting materials by attaching them so their weight bears on the animal's back, in contrast to draft animals which pull loads but do not carry them. Traditional pack animals are diverse including camels, goats, yaks, reindeer, water buffaloes, and llamas as well as the more familiar pack animals like horses, donkeys and mules. The term \"pack animal\" is traditionally used in contrast to \"draft animal\", which is a working animal that typically pulls a load behind itself", "Animal cracker Animal cracker An animal cracker is a particular type of small cracker/cookie, baked in the shape of an animal, usually an animal either at a zoo or circus, such as an African lion, tiger, bear or elephant. The most common variety is light-colored and slightly sweet, but darker chocolate-flavored and colorful frosted varieties are also sold. Although animal crackers are made with a layered dough like crackers, they tend to be sweet in flavor, but still technically a cracker and not a cookie. Other animal-shaped crackers and cookies are popular, such as Teddy Grahams, Goldfish, Hello Panda and Koala's March.", "Animal (De)liberation products in light of an extension of speciesism, which he refers to as ‘animalism’, a commitment to give preferential treatment to all individuals in the animal kingdom. On this basis, Deckers argues that, in many situations, plants can be justifiably consumed, whereas animal products, even if they were derived from animals who had not been killed but who had died naturally or accidentally, ought not to be eaten. This prima facie taboo on the consumption of animal products is also brought to bear on the issue presented by those who entertain the idea of genetically engineering animals in the hope", "Animal geography \"Critical Animal Geographies: Politics, Intersections and Hierarchies in a Multispecies World\", and Wilcox and Rutherford's \"Historical Animal Geographies\". There are presently nine areas of focus within animal geography: 1. \"Theorizing animal geography\". Two major works addressing how to think about human-animal relations as a whole are Whatmore’s Hybrid Geographies, Hobson’s work on political animals through the practice of bear-file farming, and new scholarship that look at animals' relations with the material world. 2. \"Urban animal geography\". Researchers in this area seek to understand that cities are, historically and today, multi-species spaces. Theoretical work comes from Wolch et al. on what", "Animal cracker coated and feature crocodile, elephant, hippo, monkey, lion, tiger, and toucan. Stauffer's animal crackers include an American bison, bear, camel, cow, cat, donkey, elephant, hippo, horse, lion, mountain goat, rhino, and tiger. They are made in plain (vanilla), chocolate graham, cinnamon graham, cotton candy and iced flavors, as well as \"breakfast cookies\" made with oats, almonds, cranberries, and pomegranate. Nabisco makes Barnum's Animal Crackers, with their distinctive package art of a circus wagon fitted out as a cage and animals within it. \"Barnum\" refers to the famous showman and circus entrepreneur P. T. Barnum, but Nabisco does not pay a" ]

[ "Breed type (dog) line\" This terminology is incorrect. The word \"type\" in reference to a dog refers specifically to the description of what defines that breed and what makes that breed of dog different from every other breed, as can be found in that breed's written Standard. When comparing dogs of the same breed, you look at \"type\" first and foremost, and then you look for different \"styles\" of dogs within that breed. The term \"style\" refers to characteristics that are different in each dog that already has \"breed type\". There can be a vast variety of \"styles\" existing in each breed of", "Animal welfare the welfare of an animal as \"Its state as regards its attempts to cope with its environment. This state includes how much it is having to do to cope, the extent to which it is succeeding in or failing to cope, and its associated feelings.\" He states that \"welfare will vary over a continuum from very good to very poor and studies of welfare will be most effective if a wide range of measures is used.\" John Webster criticized this definition for making \"no attempt to say what constitutes good or bad welfare.\" Animal welfare often refers to a utilitarian", "Animal feed Animal feed Animal feed is food given to domestic animals in the course of animal husbandry. There are two basic types: \"fodder\" and \"forage\". Used alone, the word \"feed\" more often refers to fodder. \"Fodder\" refers particularly to foods or forages given to the animals (including plants cut and carried to them), rather than that which they forage for themselves. It includes hay, straw, silage, compressed and pelleted feeds, oils and mixed rations, and sprouted grains and legumes. Feed grains are the most important source of animal feed globally. The amount of grain used to produce the same unit of", "Political Animals and Animal Politics that if animals are excluded from basic justice, as John Rawls held, they can be defended on metaphysical grounds (what Rawls refers to as on the basis of \"comprehensive doctrines\", as opposed to the \"public reasons\" which must be used for arguments in the political realm). This is potentially liberating for animal advocates. Nonetheless, Flanders argues, animal issues may be matters of basic justice insofar as they affect humans or that animals themselves have rights. Alternatively, the wrongness of animal cruelty may be a \"fixed point\" in our political reasoning. Flanders concludes that Rawlsianism provides a good starting point for", "Emotional support animal the person needs. Being attached to an animal can help relieve loneliness and can help a person's well being. There are no requirements for training emotional support animals. Emotional support animals typically have no training beyond what would be expected for the same type of pet. Emotional support animals perform no tasks other than what a pet of the same type would do – including unwanted behaviors, such as defecating in inappropriate places, growling and barking at people, or biting them. Both poorly trained emotional support animals and poorly trained pets that are being fraudulently passed off as emotional support", "Animal furniture Animal furniture Animal furniture refers both to furniture used by animals and to furniture made from animals. Furniture designed for use by animals became a popular trend in the early 21st century. Typical pieces include pet beds, doghouses, hammocks, dog coolers, cat trees and extravagant play equipment. In 2008, James Stephenson and Jason R. Rich cited high-end furniture for cats and dogs as one of the best categories of products to buy and sell for big profits. Home-crafted furniture for pets has also become popular. Animal furniture also refers to furniture made from animals. Such furniture became popular during the", "Animal worship Animal worship Animal worship (or zoolatry) refers to rituals involving animals, such as the glorification of animal deities or animal sacrifice. When a god is respected or worshipped by means of a representative animal, an animal cult is formed (Teeter et al., 2002, p. 355). Animal cults may be classified according to their outward form or according to their inward meaning, which may of course undergo transformations (Thomas 1911, p. 51). The classical author Diodorus explained the origin of animal worship by recalling the myth in which the gods, supposedly threatened by giants, hid under the guise of animals. The", "The Social Animal (Brooks book) The Social Animal (Brooks book) The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement is a non-fiction book by American journalist David Brooks, who is otherwise best known for his career with \"The New York Times\". The book discusses what drives individual behavior and decision making. Brooks goes through various academic topics such as sociology, psychology, and biology and attempts to summarize various discoveries— such as brain development in early life. The book continually refers to two fictional characters 'Harold' and 'Erica', used by Brooks as examples of how people's emotional personality changes over time. The book has", "Breed type carriage) that are felt to indicate excellence in members of a group\" and is different from a \"type of animal\", meaning a variety or breed of domesticated animal. Breed type Breed type is the whole of the characteristics that are typical of a breed of domesticated animals. Breed type may include details of form or color that are not directly related to the economic value of the animal, and are usually defined in breed standards. \"Examples [of \"breed type\"] include the shape of horns and the color pattern in cattle, the shape of ear in swine, and the color of", "Animal welfare conditions in which it lives. An animal is in a good state of welfare if (as indicated by scientific evidence) it is healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express innate behaviour, and if it is not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear, and distress. Good animal welfare requires disease prevention and veterinary treatment, appropriate shelter, management, nutrition, humane handling and humane slaughter/killing. Animal welfare refers to the state of the animal; the treatment that an animal receives is covered by other terms such as animal care, animal husbandry, and humane treatment.\" Coping - Professor Donald Broom defines", "Animal drug in scientific testing that the drug has been found \"safe and effective\". The testing data also must demonstrate that a methodology is available to detect and measure any residue left in edible animal products. Farmers and veterinarians using drugs on farm animals must adhere to guidelines about how much time must elapse before a treated animal can be slaughtered, and any other use constraints or warnings stated on the drug label. Animal biologics (e.g., vaccines and tests) are regulated by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Animal drug An animal drug (also veterinary drug) refers to a drug intended", "Type conversion stored bits are never changed, the programmer must know low level details such as representation format, byte order, and alignment needs, to meaningfully cast. In the C family of languages and ALGOL 68, the word \"cast\" typically refers to an \"explicit\" type conversion (as opposed to an implicit conversion), causing some ambiguity about whether this is a re-interpretation of a bit-pattern or a real data representation conversion. More important is the multitude of ways and rules that apply to what data type (or class) is located by a pointer and how a pointer may be adjusted by the compiler in", "Animal suicide Animal suicide Animal suicide refers to any kind of self-destructive behavior displayed by various species of animals, resulting in their death. Although contradicting the natural progression of life and an animal's evolutionary instinct for survival, some situations may lead to an animal inducing their own death. Animal suicide in the defense of the group could be instantaneous or altruistic self-removal once an animal becomes diseased. There are anecdotal reports of grieving pets displaying such behaviour after the death of their owner, or monogamous animals refusing to feed after the death of their mate. Some parasites manipulate the behavior of their", "Dysthanasia (animal) Dysthanasia (animal) Animal dysthanasia (from the Greek, meaning “difficult death”: dys (bad; difficult) + thanatos (death)) refers to the practice of prolonging the life of animals that are seriously or even terminally ill and that are potentially experiencing suffering. Animal dysthanasia is a recent concept, emerging from changes in the social perception of animals and from advances in veterinary care. Animal dysthanasia is particularly relevant in the context of small animal practice. For centuries, domestic animals in Western societies used to be mainly farm animals. With the industrialization process, humans become increasingly concentrated in urban areas, having preferential contact with", "Animal industrial complex animal industrial complex. The animal industrial complex is said to have transformed the already confused relationship between human and non-human animals, significantly increasing the consumption and threatening human survival. The pervasive nature of the animal industrial complex is such that it evades attention. Animal industrial complex Animal industrial complex (AIC) refers to the accumulation of interests responsible for institutionalized exploitation of non-human animals. It entirely differs from individual acts of animal cruelty in that it is an institutionalized animal exploitation. Coined in 1989 by Barbara Noske, it is one of the main topics of the critical animal studies. It is", "Talking animal Talking animal A talking animal or speaking animal is any non-human animal that can produce sounds or gestures resembling those of a human language. Several species or groups of animals have developed forms of communication which superficially resemble verbal language, however, these are not defined as language because they lack one or more of the defining characteristics, i.e. grammar, syntax, recursion and displacement. Researchers have been successful in teaching some animals to make gestures similar to sign language. However, these animals fail to reach one or more of the criteria accepted as defining language. The term refers to animals which", "Animal industrial complex Animal industrial complex Animal industrial complex (AIC) refers to the accumulation of interests responsible for institutionalized exploitation of non-human animals. It entirely differs from individual acts of animal cruelty in that it is an institutionalized animal exploitation. Coined in 1989 by Barbara Noske, it is one of the main topics of the critical animal studies. It is analogous to the term \"capitalism\" in human sociology. Animal industrial complex, derived from the military–industrial complex of the 1950s, is the collective term used to \"describe the many traditions, institutions, and industries that transform animals into products and services for human consumption.\" It", "Rational animal not had the good fortune to come across it.\" The humor of his observation derives from an equivocation between describing mankind as rational (i.e., that all members of the species has the potential to think, whether that potential is realized or not) and describing an individual person as rational (i.e., the person actually can think well, avoid biases, make valid inferences, etc.). Rational animal The term rational animal (Latin: \"animal rationale\" or \"animal rationabile\") refers to a classical definition of humanity or human nature, associated with Aristotelianism. While the Latin term itself originates in scholasticism, it reflects the Aristotelian view", "Animal drug Animal drug An animal drug (also veterinary drug) refers to a drug intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in animals. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has the broad mandate under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 321 et seq.) to assure the safety and effectiveness of animal drugs and their use in all animals, including farm animals. The division of the FDA responsible for this is the Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM). Before CVM formally approves an animal drug, the sponsor or manufacturer of the drug must document", "Rational animal Rational animal The term rational animal (Latin: \"animal rationale\" or \"animal rationabile\") refers to a classical definition of humanity or human nature, associated with Aristotelianism. While the Latin term itself originates in scholasticism, it reflects the Aristotelian view of man as a creature distinguished by a rational principle. In the \"Nicomachean Ethics\" I.13, Aristotle states that the human being has a rational principle (Greek: λόγον ἔχον), on top of the nutritive life shared with plants, and the instinctual life shared with other animals, i. e., the ability to carry out rationally formulated projects. That capacity for deliberative imagination was equally", "Alternatives to animal testing to develop in-vitro organs for drug screening and thereby eliminate the use of animals for this type of testing. One model is the \"lung-on-a-chip\". This combines microfabrication techniques with modern tissue engineering and mimics the complicated mechanical and biochemical behaviours of a human lung. Toxicity testing typically involves studying adverse health outcomes in animals subjected to high doses of toxicants with subsequent extrapolation to expected human responses at lower doses. The system relies on the use of a 40+year-old patchwork of animal tests that are expensive (costing more than $3B per year), time-consuming, low-throughput and often provide results of limited", "Critical animal studies for animal studies and human-animal studies. However, there are significant differences between these movements. CAS can be seen as a more radical option, overtly underlining the necessity of political engagement and advocating direct action, which may be considered controversial in traditional academic circles. Supporters of CAS often emphasize that although animal studies has made a large contribution to growing awareness about the complexities of human-animal relations, it lacks a deep moral engagement and remains detached from the most significant problems. It is worth considering, however, that the term 'animal studies' refers to diverse scholars and methodologies, some of which clearly", "Animal training Animal training Animal training is the act of teaching animals specific responses to specific conditions or stimuli. Training may be for purposes such as companionship, detection, protection, and entertainment. The type of training an animal receives will vary depending on the training method used, and the purpose for training the animal. For example, a seeing eye dog will be trained to achieve a different goal than a wild animal in a circus. In some countries animal trainer certification bodies exist. They do not share consistent goals or requirements; they do not prevent someone from practicing as an animal trainer nor", "Animal rights in Colombia Animal rights in Colombia Animal rights in Colombia refers to topics related to Animal rights in Colombia. The Colombian constitution does not recognize animal rights. Law 84 of 1989 stipulates a statute to protect animals, with the exception of bullfighting and cock fights, which are considered to be part of the Culture of Colombia. Despite having a legislation against animal trafficking, Colombia is one of the major sources and routes for animal trafficking in the world. There are numerous non-governmental organizations working in Colombia on behalf of animal rights. The Colombian Constitution does not officially establish an ethical duty of", "Animal hoarding with the species, breed, and type of animal. Since failure to provide proper care for animals is an act of omission or neglect rather than an affirmative act, the failure to care for an animal is considered a misdemeanor offense in most states. For instance, in Alaska, if an animal owner fails to provide the aforementioned standards of care, the state has prima facie evidence of a failure to care for an animal. If the prosecutor can prove the owner’s failure to care for an animal was done with criminal negligence and the failure to care for the animal caused", "Service animal Service animals can be of many species and come in many sizes. Dogs, cats, dolphins, miniature horses, monkeys, ducks, ferrets, and parrots have all been trained to perform specific duties of a service animal, though the type of animal that may be registered as a \"service animal\" may vary depending on legal definitions. The people that can qualify for a service animal can have a range of physical and/or mental disabilities. A \"guide animal\" is an animal specifically trained to assist visually impaired persons to navigate in public. These animals may be trained to open doors, recognize traffic signals, guide", "Animal hoarding commits cruelty to animals if he or she knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence deprives an animal of necessary sustenance, neglects any animal, allows the animal to be housed in a manner that results in chronic or repeated serious physical harm, or fails to provide the animal with proper food, drink, or protection from the weather consistent with the species, breed, and type of animal involved. In Colorado's animal cruelty statute, “neglect” means failure to provide food, water, protection from the elements, or other care generally considered to be normal, usual, and accepted for an animal's health and well-being consistent", "Animal track Animal track An animal track is an imprint left behind in soil, snow, or mud, or on some other ground surface, by an animal walking across it. Animal tracks are used by hunters in tracking their prey and by naturalists to identify animals living in a given area. Books are commonly used to identify animal tracks, which may look different based on the weight of the particular animal and the type of strata in which they are made. Tracks can be fossilized over millions of years. It is for this reason we are able to see fossilized dinosaur tracks in", "Dysthanasia (animal) suffering. The keeper and the veterinarian may also want to make use of all possible treatment resources before making the decision of euthanasia. Genuine belief on the animal’s recovery and emotional attachment can also interfere on the decision-making process of euthanasia. Situations like these can be especially problematic in some veterinary specialities like small animal oncology where the course of the disease may be difficult to predict and the treatments themselves can cause severe distress. Dysthanasia (animal) Animal dysthanasia (from the Greek, meaning “difficult death”: dys (bad; difficult) + thanatos (death)) refers to the practice of prolonging the life of", "Animal feed as feed presentation, hygiene, digestibility, and effect on intestinal health. Feed additives provide a mechanism through which these nutrient deficiencies can be resolved effect the rate of growth of such animals and also their health and well-being. Even with all the benefits of higher quality feed, most of a farm animal's diet still consists of grain-based ingredients because of the higher costs of quality feed. Animal feed Animal feed is food given to domestic animals in the course of animal husbandry. There are two basic types: \"fodder\" and \"forage\". Used alone, the word \"feed\" more often refers to fodder. \"Fodder\"", "Creature type (Dungeons & Dragons) a change to an animal creature that increases its Intelligence or grants it additional abilities, the designer is encouraged to also change the creature's type, usually from animal to magical beast. When real world animals are rendered as vermin (see below) in D&D, they have no Intelligence scores at all. In 3rd edition, the beast type was used for nonhistoric and fantastic, but not necessarily magical vertebrates. The beast type was merged into the animal type in 3.5 edition. A construct is either an animated object of some sort, or an artificially crafted creature. Most construct are mindless automatons, obeying", "Animal cracker Square Food Company Inc. in Illinois has also produced its own brand of animal crackers since 1982. Its animal crackers are distributed by several major retailers throughout the United States and internationally. In the UK, Cadburys produce a range simply called \"Animals\". As noted above, these biscuits (British usage) have a chocolate coating on one side. In Germany, Bahlsen produces animal crackers under the Leibniz brand. Animal cracker An animal cracker is a particular type of small cracker/cookie, baked in the shape of an animal, usually an animal either at a zoo or circus, such as an African lion, tiger,", "Group of Lie type Group of Lie type In mathematics, specifically in group theory, the phrase group of Lie type usually refers to finite groups that are closely related to the group of rational points of a reductive linear algebraic group with values in a finite field. The phrase \"group of Lie type\" does not have a widely accepted precise definition, but the important collection of finite simple groups of Lie type does have a precise definition, and they make up most of the groups in the classification of finite simple groups. The name \"groups of Lie type\" is due to the close relationship", "Data type languages, for instance in C, they are composed from an array of characters. Types can be based on, or derived from, the basic types explained above. In some languages, such as C, functions have a type derived from the type of their return value. The main non-composite, derived type is the pointer, a data type whose value refers directly to (or \"points to\") another value stored elsewhere in the computer memory using its address. It is a primitive kind of reference. (In everyday terms, a page number in a book could be considered a piece of data that refers to", "Intensive animal farming F. Intensive animal farming Intensive animal farming or industrial livestock production, also known as factory farming, is a production approach towards farm animals in order to maximize production output, while minimizing production costs. Intensive farming refers to animal husbandry, the keeping of livestock such as cattle, poultry, and fish at higher stocking densities than is usually the case with other forms of animal agriculture—a practice typical in industrial farming by agribusinesses. The main products of this industry are meat, milk and eggs for human consumption. There are issues regarding whether factory farming is sustainable or ethical. Confinement at high stocking", "Intensive animal farming Intensive animal farming Intensive animal farming or industrial livestock production, also known as factory farming, is a production approach towards farm animals in order to maximize production output, while minimizing production costs. Intensive farming refers to animal husbandry, the keeping of livestock such as cattle, poultry, and fish at higher stocking densities than is usually the case with other forms of animal agriculture—a practice typical in industrial farming by agribusinesses. The main products of this industry are meat, milk and eggs for human consumption. There are issues regarding whether factory farming is sustainable or ethical. Confinement at high stocking density", "Rational animal in the Arbor Porphyriana, man is a substance, corporeal, living, sentient, and rational\". In Meditation II of \"Meditations on First Philosophy\", Descartes arrives at his famous \"I think, I exist\" claim. He then goes on to wonder \"What am I?\" He considers and rejects the scholastic concept of the \"rational animal\": Shall I say 'a rational animal'? No; for then I should have to inquire what an animal is, what rationality is, and in this one question would lead me down the slope to other harder ones. Freud was as aware as any of the irrational forces at work in", "Animal repellent effective, such as repellent chemical Spray, electronic pet barrier, motion activated sprinkler etc. In Addition, vinegar can be used as organic pet repellent. The ideal repellent is completely specific for the target animal; that is, it drives away the animal that one wishes to repel \"without\" affecting or harming any other animals or people. One type of animal repellent may be effective for raccoons, while another animal repellent may be more effective for skunks. It can be difficult to design a repellent method that drives away only undesirable animals while having no effect on people or other creatures. Animal repellent", "Type-cD galaxy Type-cD galaxy The type-cD galaxy (also cD-type galaxy, cD galaxy) is a galaxy morphology classification, a subtype of type-D giant elliptical galaxy. Characterized by a large halo of stars, they can be found near the centres of some rich galaxy clusters. They are also known as supergiant ellipticals or central dominant galaxies. The cD-type is a classification in the Yerkes galaxy classification scheme, one of two Yerkes classifications still in common use, along with D-type. The \"c\" in \"cD\" refers to the fact that the galaxies are very large, hence the adjective supergiant, while the \"D\" refers to the fact", "Animal roleplay 'hybrids'. These are humans who live part-time as one type of animal, and part-time as another. This is usually determined by the situation. There seems to be a growing trend among the BDSM scene in animal roleplay, especially pup and kitten play. Playing the role of a pup or kitten is one of giving over complete control over to another, while the 'master or handler' expects only unconditional love and obedience from his/her animal. Pony play is where at least one of the participants dresses to resemble and assumes the mannerisms and character of an equine animal. People involved in", "Alternatives to animal testing Data. Alternatives to animal testing Alternatives to animal testing are the development and implementation of test methods that avoid the use of live animals. There is widespread agreement that a reduction in the number of animals used and the refinement of testing to reduce suffering should be important goals for the industries involved. Two major alternatives to \"in vivo\" animal testing are \"in vitro\" cell culture techniques and \"in silico\" computer simulation. However, some claim they are not true alternatives because simulations use data from prior animal experiments and cell cultures often require animal derived products, such as serum or", "Alternatives to animal testing Alternatives to animal testing Alternatives to animal testing are the development and implementation of test methods that avoid the use of live animals. There is widespread agreement that a reduction in the number of animals used and the refinement of testing to reduce suffering should be important goals for the industries involved. Two major alternatives to \"in vivo\" animal testing are \"in vitro\" cell culture techniques and \"in silico\" computer simulation. However, some claim they are not true alternatives because simulations use data from prior animal experiments and cell cultures often require animal derived products, such as serum or cells.", "Creature type (Dungeons & Dragons) all animal type monsters are based on real world animals. Creature entries based on mythological, fictional, or nonexistent animals are usually classified as magical beasts (see below). Besides ordinary fish, birds, reptiles and mammals, the animal type is also applied to depictions of dinosaurs, prehistoric animals, and \"dire\" or specially modified, often larger and scarier, versions of real world animals. Some real world animals are not given the animal type in the game. Examples include arthropods (insects, spiders, etc.) and worms, which the game classifies as \"vermin\" (see below) and not animals. Mollusks, such as octopuses, are often classified as", "Animal tarot The earliest animal tarots, utilizing Lyonnais face cards, were made around 1740 in Strasbourg with production also in Germany, Belgium, and Sweden up to the early 19th century. The animal trumps of this early pattern were copied by later makers but often in different orders. The Bavarian animal tarot was designed by Andreas Benedict Göbl of Munich, Bavaria around 1765. He replaced the Lyonnais face cards with the Bavarian version of the Paris pattern. Though widely copied, it died out in the early 19th century. It was also the most widespread animal tarot with one sub-type produced for export to", "Emotional support animal the appropriateness of the recommendation, and, if necessary, be willing and able to defend the diagnosis and decision to prescribe the animal in court. Emotional support animals are only one type of animal that is used for people with disabilities or similar issues. Other types of animals used by and for people with disabilities include: Emotional support animal An emotional support animal (ESA) or support animal, is a companion animal (pet) that a medical professional says provides some benefit for a person disabled by a mental health condition or emotional disorder. Emotional support animals are typically dogs, but are sometimes", "Animal Genius up to five animals for that habitat by playing games. Each animal is worth a different point value. To earn the points needed for that animal, choose any combination of the Scratch and See, Matchomatic, Creature Collector (or Feature Finder in the Leapster), or Maze Munch games. Once you've earned enough points needed for an animal, show what you know about the animal by answering ten questions in Animal Expert. After successfully answering the questions you win the animal for the habitat! To win the first animal in each habitat, get 25 points or 10 points (in the Leapster). To", "Animal digest flavoring. Pet food may legally be labelled as \"Chicken Flavored\" regardless of the percentage of chicken-derived product it contains, so long as the chicken flavoring is deemed \"perceptible.\" If a product is labeled as \"flavored\" by a certain type of meat, the digest it contains must have been produced from tissues pertaining to the listed animal species. Chicken flavored food must be flavored with chicken digest. Animal digest Animal digest is a common ingredient used in pet foods. As defined by the Association of American Feed Control Officials, digest is produced by the chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of clean animal", "Animal sacrifice in Hinduism celebrated in the month of \"Aswina\" (September–October) when animal sacrifice is an integral part of the ritual worship of deities namely \"Samaleswari\", \"Sureswari\" and \"Khambeswari\". \"Bali\" refers to animal sacrifice and hence this annual festival is called \"Bali Jatra\". Animal Sacrifice is practiced by some Hindus on the Indonesian island of Bali. The religious belief of \"Tabuh Rah\", a form of animal sacrifice of Balinese Hinduism includes a religious cockfight where a rooster is used in religious custom by allowing him to fight against another rooster in a religious and spiritual cockfight, a spiritual appeasement exercise of \"Tabuh Rah\". The", "Intuitionistic type theory is never written.\" From the context of the statement, a reader can almost always tell whether formula_9 refers to a type, or whether it refers to the object in formula_114 that corresponds to the type. This is the complete foundation of the theory. Everything else is derived. To implement logic, each proposition is given its own type. The objects in those types represent the different possible ways to prove the proposition. Obviously, if there is no proof for the proposition, then the type has no objects in it. Operators like \"and\" and \"or\" that work on propositions introduce new types", "Animal sacrifice in Hinduism Animal sacrifice in Hinduism A Sanskrit term used for animal sacrifice is \"bali\", in origin meaning \"tribute, offering or oblation\" generically (\"vegetable oblations [... and] animal oblations,\"). Bali among other things \"refers to the blood of an animal\" and is sometimes known as Jhatka Bali among Hindus. The Kalika Purana distinguishes \"bali\" (sacrifice), \"mahabali\" (great sacrifice), for the ritual killing of goats, elephant, respectively, though the reference to humans in Shakti theology is symbolic and done in effigy in modern times. For instance, Sir John Woodroffe published a commentary on the Karpuradistotram, where he writes that the sacrificial animals listed", "Animal spirits (Keynes) instincts, as well as natural functions like breathing. In social science, Karl Marx refers to \"animal spirits\" in the 1887 English translation of Capital, Volume 1. Marx speaks of the animal spirits of the workers, which he believes a capitalist can impel by encouraging social interaction and competition within her factory or depress by adopting assembly-line work whereby the worker repeats a single task. \"Animal spirits\" was a euphemistic late-Victorian and Edwardian phrase used by English public school boys such as P. G. Wodehouse (born two years before the Etonian Keynes) who attended Dulwich College. Wodehouse and Arthur Conan Doyle", "Unclean animal animals\" explicitly named in the Qur'an. If someone converts to Islam, Allah \"allows them as lawful what is good and prohibits them from what is bad; he releases them from their heavy burdens and from the yokes that were upon them\". For other animals, great importance is given to the manner of its death: forbidden are blood and carrion (\"dead meat\"), and any animal that has been \"killed by strangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by being gored to death\". Also forbidden is any animal that has been eaten by a wild animal, unless", "Animal consciousness use as shelter. Some contributors to relevant research on animal consciousness include: Animal consciousness Animal consciousness, or animal awareness, is the quality or state of self-awareness within an animal, or of being aware of an external object or something within itself. In humans, consciousness has been defined as: sentience, awareness, subjectivity, qualia, the ability to experience or to feel, wakefulness, having a sense of selfhood, and the executive control system of the mind. Despite the difficulty in definition, many philosophers believe there is a broadly shared underlying intuition about what consciousness is. The topic of animal consciousness is beset with", "Animal attack many species 'public image'.” Bite injuries are often the consequences of an animal attack, including those instances when a human attacks another human. Human bites are the third most frequent type of bite after dog and cat bites. Dog bites are commonplace, with children the most commonly bitten and the face the most common target. In 1936, amputation was required in one third of cases in which treatment was delayed for 24 hours or longer. Animal bites are the most common form of injury from animal attacks. The US estimated annual count of animal bites is 250,000 human bites, 1", "Rump (animal) protected by the dock, is called a dock sponge. Thus, the meaning of \"dock\" has been used to refer to the orifices beneath the dock, specifically the anus and vagina, creating a misapprehension that \"dock\" refers to the anus, as in, \"a horse's fundamental orifice is its dock\". Rump (animal) The rump or croup, in the external morphology of an animal, is the portion of the posterior dorsum – that is, posterior to the loins and anterior to the tail. Anatomically, the rump corresponds to the sacrum. The tailhead or dock is the beginning of the tail, where the tail", "Group of Lie type alternating groups also have exceptional properties. The alternating groups usually have an outer automorphism group of order 2, but the alternating group on 6 points has an outer automorphism group of order 4. Alternating groups usually have a Schur multiplier of order 2, but the ones on 6 or 7 points have a . Unfortunately there is no standard notation for the finite groups of Lie type, and the literature contains dozens of incompatible and confusing systems of notation for them. Group of Lie type In mathematics, specifically in group theory, the phrase group of Lie type usually refers to", "Animal welfare and rights in Indonesia Animal welfare and rights in Indonesia Animal welfare and rights in Indonesia regards the treatment of and laws concerning non-human animals in Indonesia. Indonesia has limited animal welfare regulations by international standards. Indonesia's Criminal Code prohibits intentionally causing an animal unnecessary harm. Law 18 of 2009 also addresses animal welfare, requiring that measures are taken in the interest of animal welfare in relation to capture, husbandry, slaughter, and transport. The provisions apply to vertebrates and some invertebrates capable of feeling pain. This law refers to animals as industrial products, and appears to be focused on the health and productivity of", "Animal communication by humans. For example, behaviours indicating pain need to be recognized. Indeed, the survival of both the animal and its human caretaker may be at stake if, for example, a human fails to recognize a signal for imminent attack. It is also important to take into account that non-human animal species may interpret the signals of humans differently than humans themselves. For instance, a pointing command refers to a location rather than an object in dogs. Since the late 1990s, one scientist, Sean Senechal, has been developing, studying, and using the learned visible, expressive language in dogs and horses. By", "What in the World? (game show) What in the World? (game show) What in the World? is a television quiz show hosted by Dr. Froelich Rainey in which the scholar-contestants tried to identify artifacts. The objects were primarily archaeological in nature, but also consisted of fossils, ethnographic items and more. It premiered on October 7, 1951 on CBS. The first, and one of the most successful shows of its type, it confounded critics by running for 15 years and influenced successors such as the BBC's \"Animal, Vegetable, Mineral?\" and others. The music of the opening and closing were taken from Ottorino Respighi's \"Fountains of Rome\": the", "What in the World? (game show) it is through social media such as Facebook and Twitter. What in the World? (game show) What in the World? is a television quiz show hosted by Dr. Froelich Rainey in which the scholar-contestants tried to identify artifacts. The objects were primarily archaeological in nature, but also consisted of fossils, ethnographic items and more. It premiered on October 7, 1951 on CBS. The first, and one of the most successful shows of its type, it confounded critics by running for 15 years and influenced successors such as the BBC's \"Animal, Vegetable, Mineral?\" and others. The music of the opening and", "Animal suicide shore birds, the definitive hosts of the parasite. A popular misconception is that the lemming will commit mass suicide during migration. This misconception was first popularized by media in the 1960s, such as a mention in the Cyril M. Kornbluth short story \"The Marching Morons\" in 1951 and the 1955 comic \"The Lemming with the Locket\", inspired by a 1953 \"American Mercury\" article. Perhaps one of the most influential factors in this misconception was the Academy Award-winning Disney film \"White Wilderness\", which showed staged footage of lemmings jumping off a cliff during migration. Animal suicide Animal suicide refers to any", "Animal law of the rights of animals to pragmatic discussions about the rights of those who use animals, who has standing to sue when an animal is harmed in a way that violates the law, and what constitutes legal cruelty. Animal law permeates and affects most traditional areas of the law including tort, contract, criminal and constitutional law. Examples of this intersection include: A growing number of state and local bar associations now have animal law committees. The Animal Legal Defense Fund was founded by attorney Joyce Tischler in 1979 as the first organization dedicated to promoting the field of animal law", "Animal locomotion Animal locomotion Animal locomotion, in ethology, is any of a variety of movements or methods that animals use to move from one place to another. Some modes of locomotion are (initially) self-propelled, e.g., running, swimming, jumping, flying, hopping, soaring and gliding. There are also many animal species that depend on their environment for transportation, a type of mobility called passive locomotion, e.g., sailing (some jellyfish), kiting (spiders), rolling (some beetles and spiders) or riding other animals (phoresis). Animals move for a variety of reasons, such as to find food, a mate, a suitable microhabitat, or to escape predators. For many", "Animal Mechanicals Animal Mechanicals Animal Mechanicals is a Canadian animated television preschool series that was created by Jeff Rosen. Produced by Halifax Film, in association with The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and distributed by Decode Entertainment, the series premiered in Canada on CBC Television as part of the Kids' CBC programming block on September 1, 2008. In the United States, it premiered on The Hub on October 11, 2010. Rex is a green Mechana-dinosaur. His enhanced ability is strength. Often, when utilizing this ability, Unicorn refers to him as being \"strong like a titanium Tyrannosaurus\" which, along with his name and bipedal shape,", "Collar (animal) Collar (animal) An animal collar is a device that attached to the neck of an animal to allow it to be harnessed, tied up or for various other reasons. Collars can be dangerous for pets that live in crates or which might get stuck in tree branches and that is why safety collars have been developed. There is a particular type of safety collar which is intended for both dogs and cats. Breakaway collars are especially designed to prevent the pet from choking or getting stuck because of their collar. They feature a clever design that releases quickly when a", "Animal bite body surface, removes plant seeds attached to its fur or hair, scratching itself, and grooming other animals. Animal bites often result in serious infections and mortality. Animal bites not only include injuries from the teeth of reptiles, mammals, but fish, and amphibians. Arthropods can also bite and leave injuries. Bite wounds can cause a number of signs and symptoms Bites are usually classified by the type of animal causing the wound. Many different animals are known to bite humans. Involuntary biting injuries due to closed-fist injuries from fists striking teeth (referred to as reverse bite injuries) are a common consequence", "Animal roleplay for those involved. For others, there may be a spiritual side to it. Some feel closer to their animal totem, while others may identify with something akin to a deeper side or part of their own psyche (known as therianthropy). For still others, there is the experience of power exchange setup in a context or structure which they can accept. Some cases could be considered a type of animal transformation fantasy. They can have strong elements of exhibitionism, be totally enjoyed in the privacy of the home, or lie somewhere between either boundary. While not widespread, erotic human-animal roleplay is", "Animal locomotion electrical and kinematic events that produce a given movement. Animal locomotion Animal locomotion, in ethology, is any of a variety of movements or methods that animals use to move from one place to another. Some modes of locomotion are (initially) self-propelled, e.g., running, swimming, jumping, flying, hopping, soaring and gliding. There are also many animal species that depend on their environment for transportation, a type of mobility called passive locomotion, e.g., sailing (some jellyfish), kiting (spiders), rolling (some beetles and spiders) or riding other animals (phoresis). Animals move for a variety of reasons, such as to find food, a mate,", "Animal allergy immune system reacts to substances (allergens) that are generally harmless and in most people do not cause an immune response. Animal allergy In medicine, animal allergy is hypersensitivity to certain substances produced by animals, such as the proteins in animal hair and saliva. It is a common type of allergy. Symptoms of an allergic reaction to animals may include itchy skin, nasal congestion, itchy nose, sneezing, chronic sore throat or itchy throat, swollen, red, itchy, and watery eyes, coughing, asthma, or rash on the face or chest. Allergies are caused by an oversensitive immune system, leading to a misdirected immune", "Animal consciousness Animal consciousness Animal consciousness, or animal awareness, is the quality or state of self-awareness within an animal, or of being aware of an external object or something within itself. In humans, consciousness has been defined as: sentience, awareness, subjectivity, qualia, the ability to experience or to feel, wakefulness, having a sense of selfhood, and the executive control system of the mind. Despite the difficulty in definition, many philosophers believe there is a broadly shared underlying intuition about what consciousness is. The topic of animal consciousness is beset with a number of difficulties. It poses the problem of other minds in", "Animal mummy Though the animals were undoubtedly considered sacred, Egyptians did not worship the individual animals themselves, but rather the invisible deity believed to be present within the animal symbolizing the deity. In certain cases, such as the Apis bull, the animal could even be a way to communicate the desires of the god. The Apis bull cult was the main source of this type of religious animal mummy in ancient Egypt, as most other animals were mummified in large quantities for religious offerings. The Apis bull cult is estimated to have originated as early as 800 B.C., the first cult supported", "Animal repellent chipmunks. Bobcat urine repels moles, mice, voles and other rodents. Wolf urine is used to repel moose. Used cat litter is also effective, but needs repeated application. Chemical repellents mimic natural substances that repel or deter animals, or they are designed to be so irritating to a specific animal or type of animal that the targeted animal will avoid the protected object or area. Some chemical repellents combine both principles. There are many homemade deer repellent recipes on the web. For example, the lawn fertilizer Milorganite is claimed to be an effective repellent due to its smell. Repellents fall into", "Animal allergy Animal allergy In medicine, animal allergy is hypersensitivity to certain substances produced by animals, such as the proteins in animal hair and saliva. It is a common type of allergy. Symptoms of an allergic reaction to animals may include itchy skin, nasal congestion, itchy nose, sneezing, chronic sore throat or itchy throat, swollen, red, itchy, and watery eyes, coughing, asthma, or rash on the face or chest. Allergies are caused by an oversensitive immune system, leading to a misdirected immune response. The immune system normally protects the body against harmful substances such as bacteria and viruses. Allergy occurs when the", "Type erasure Type erasure In programming languages, type erasure refers to the load-time process by which explicit type annotations are removed from a program, before it is executed at run-time. Operational semantics that do not require programs to be accompanied by types are called \"type-erasure semantics\", to be contrasted with \"type-passing semantics\". The possibility of giving type-erasure semantics is a kind of abstraction principle, ensuring that the run-time execution of a program does not depend on type information. In the context of generic programming, the opposite of type erasure is called reification. The reverse operation is called type inference. Though type erasure", "Emotional support animal support animals to one animal per ticketed passenger. The main controversies are the behavior of some animals, harms to other people, the problem of widespread fraud, and the open scientific question about whether emotional support animals provide significant benefit. An emotional support animal may cause problems that a trained assistance dog may not. For instance, due to the lack of training, an emotional support animal may bark at and smell other people, whereas service dogs are trained not to do so. People with a different type of invisible disability – allergy to animal dander – have suffered from allergic attacks", "Animal rights in Colombia resources will be penalised. Trafficking, commercializing, taking advantage or benefiting of specimens, products or parts of the fauna or flora resources in danger will be penalized with between 2 and 5 years of prison and ten Colombian minimum monthly salaries. In September 2003 a project or draft to reform Law 84 of 1989 did not pass in the Congress of Colombia. The reform proposed the imposition of legal penalties to those who did not abide by the law. Animal rights in Colombia Animal rights in Colombia refers to topics related to Animal rights in Colombia. The Colombian constitution does not", "Animal rights beings, and any interests they have may be overridden, though what counts as \"necessary\" suffering or a legitimate sacrifice of interests varies considerably. Certain forms of animal rights activism, such as the destruction of fur farms and animal laboratories by the Animal Liberation Front, have also attracted criticism, including from within the animal rights movement itself, as well as prompted reaction from the U.S. Congress with the enactment of laws allowing these activities to be prosecuted as terrorism, including the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act. Aristotle argued that animals lacked reason (logos), and placed humans at the top of the natural", "Limitations of animal running speed Limitations of animal running speed Limitations of animal running speed provides an overview of how various factors determine the maximum running speed. Some terrestrial animals are built for achieving extremely high speeds, such as the cheetah, pronghorn, race horse and greyhound, while humans can train to achieve high sprint speeds. There is no single determinant of maximum running speed: however, certain factors stand out against others and have been investigated in both animals and humans. These factors include: Muscle moment arms, foot morphology, muscle architecture, and muscle fiber type. Each factor contributes to the ground reaction force (GRF) and foot", "Data type supplied instead of integers of some specific bit-width. The Boolean type represents the values true and false. Although only two values are possible, they are rarely implemented as a single binary digit for efficiency reasons. Many programming languages do not have an explicit Boolean type, instead interpreting (for instance) 0 as false and other values as true. Boolean data simply refers to the logical structure of how the language is interpreted to the machine language. In this case a Boolean 0 refers to the logic False. True is always a non zero, especially a one which is known as Boolean", "Fibronectin type III domain Fibronectin type III domain The Fibronectin type III domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain that is widely found in animal proteins. The fibronectin protein in which this domain was first identified contains 16 copies of this domain. The domain is about 100 amino acids long and possesses a beta sandwich structure. Of the three fibronectin-type domains, type III is the only one without disulfide bonding present. Fibronectin domains are found in a wide variety of extracellular proteins. They are widely distributed in animal species, but also found sporadically in yeast, plant and bacterial proteins. ABI3BP; ANKFN1; ASTN2; AXL; BOC;", "Limitations of animal running speed smaller pennation angles than non-sprinters. This contributes by increasing the muscle's shortening velocity. Other studies have shown that particular muscle fiber types are favored in sprinters versus non-sprinters, as well as within different levels of sprinters. Faster individuals tend to have a greater percentage of Type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibers. Higher percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibers lead to increased force production capability, as well as increased speed of contractions leading to shorter contact times. Other factors also play a role: Limitations of animal running speed Limitations of animal running speed provides an overview of how various factors determine the maximum", "Type safety Most statically typed languages provide a degree of type safety that is strictly stronger than memory safety, because their type systems enforce the proper use of abstract data types defined by programmers even when this is not strictly necessary for memory safety or for the prevention of any kind of catastrophic failure. Type-safe code accesses only the memory locations it is authorized to access. (For this discussion, type safety specifically refers to memory type safety and should not be confused with type safety in a broader respect.) For example, type-safe code cannot read values from another object's private fields. Robin", "Koren Type Institute of America has used Koren Type for books published for the partially sighted. Koren Type Koren Type refers to two Hebrew fonts, Koren Bible Type and Hebrew Book Type created by Israeli typographer and graphic designer Elyahu Koren. Koren created Koren Bible Type for the specific purpose of printing The Koren Bible, published by Koren Publishers Jerusalem in 1962. He created Koren Book Type for The Koren Siddur (Prayerbook), which the publishing house produced in 1981. Judah L. Magnes, President of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem asked Eliyahu Koren, then Korngold, to create a new font for an entirely", "Type conversion refers to either implicitly or explicitly changing a value from one data type storage format to another, e.g. a 16-bit integer to a 32-bit integer. The storage needs may change as a result of the conversion, including a possible loss of precision or truncation. The word \"cast\", on the other hand, refers to explicitly changing the \"interpretation\" of the \"bit pattern\" representing a value from one type to another. For example, 32 contiguous bits may be treated as an array of 32 booleans, a 4-byte string, an unsigned 32-bit integer or an IEEE single precision floating point value. Because the", "Animal testing Others have criticized the composition of IACUCs, asserting that the committees are predominantly made up of animal researchers and university representatives who may be biased against animal welfare concerns. Larry Carbone, a laboratory animal veterinarian, writes that, in his experience, IACUCs take their work very seriously regardless of the species involved, though the use of non-human primates always raises what he calls a \"red flag of special concern\". A study published in \"Science\" magazine in July 2001 confirmed the low reliability of IACUC reviews of animal experiments. Funded by the National Science Foundation, the three-year study found that animal-use committees", "Animal communication teaching these animals a gestural (human made) American Sign Language-like language, the animals have been found to use the new signs on their own to get what they need. The recent experiments on animal language are perhaps the most sophisticated attempt yet to establish human/animal communication, though their relation to natural animal communication is uncertain. The importance of communication is evident from the highly elaborate morphology, behaviour and physiology that some animals have evolved to facilitate this. These include some of the most striking structures in the animal kingdom, such as the peacock's tail, the antlers of a stag and", "Animal studies and to understand animals as beings-in-themselves, separate from our knowledge of them. Because the field is still developing, scholars and others have some freedom to define their own criteria about what issues may structure the field. As an interdisciplinary subject, animal studies exists at the intersection of a number of different fields of study. Different fields began to turn to animals as an important topic at different times and for various reasons, and these separate disciplinary histories shape how scholars approach animal studies. In part, animal studies developed out of the animal liberation movement and was grounded in ethical questions" ]

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[ "Снукер\nСчитается, что снукер был придуман полковником британских колониальных войск в Джабалпуре (Индия) Невиллом Чемберленом в 1875 году. Название произошло от сленгового термина «снукер» (English: snook — длинноносый, English: snooker — облапошивать), которым в британской армии называли первокурсников и неопытных военнослужащих, а Чемберлен часто использовал его, чтобы описать неумелое выступление одного из своих коллег за столом; и название это быстро закрепилось за игроками и игрой[1]." ]

[ "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1984\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1984 (, также известен как \"1984 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 21 апреля по 7 мая 1984 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Стив Дэвис.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру\nФормат чемпионата мира на ранних стадиях его развития (1920—1960 гг.) был неустойчивым и менялся практически каждый раз. В основном снукеристы играли долгие, иногда многодневные матчи. Пик таких «марафонских» розыгрышей пришёлся на 1950-е, когда финалы игрались как минимум до 50 побед. 1952 год стал рекордным по этому показателю — тогда Хорэс Линдрум и Кларк Макконэки разыграли матч из 143 фреймов. Победу в том финале со счётом 94:49 одержал Линдрум (для сравнения — сейчас финалы чемпионата играются до 18 побед).", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1932\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1932 () — главный турнир в мире снукера, проводившийся в Thurston's Hall, Лондон (Англия). Он игрался по челлендж-системе, т.е. предыдущий чемпион (Джо Дэвис) автоматически получал место в финале. Второй финалист определялся по итогам отборочного раунда, который состоял из одного матча. Победителем турнира стал Джо Дэвис, обыгравший в финале Кларка Макконэки со счётом 30:19.", "Мастерс 2000 (снукер)\nМастерс 2000 (, также известен как \"Benson and Hedges Masters 2000\" — по названию спонсора) — профессиональный нерейтинговый турнир по снукеру, проходивший с 6 по 13 февраля 2000 года в конференц-центре Уэмбли, Лондон. Победителем турнира впервые стал Мэттью Стивенс, обыгравший в финале Кена Доэрти со счётом 10:8.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1994\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1994 (, также известен как \"1994 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 16 апреля по 2 мая 1994 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Стивен Хендри.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1979\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1979 (, также известен как \"1979 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 16 по 28 апреля 1979 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Терри Гриффитс. Гриффитс стал также всего лишь вторым игроком (и первым в истории чемпионата в Крусибле), которому удалось выиграть этот турнир, пройдя квалификацию.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1997\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1997 (, также известен как \"1997 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 19 апреля по 5 мая 1997 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Кен Доэрти.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1992\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1992 (, также известен как \"1992 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 18 апреля по 4 мая 1992 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Стивен Хендри.", "Снукер в России\n16 апреля 2016 года, на Кубке Гагарина (Москва), впервые в истории российского снукера на официальном соревновании был выполнен сотенный брейк — 111 очков. Имя героя — Иван Каковский. В марте 2017 г. он стал 3-м на Чемпионате Европы для игроков не старше 18 лет Среди женщин лучшего результата на международных любительских турнирах добилась Дарья Сиротина и Анастасия Нечаева (чемпионки Европы 2012 года в командном зачете, который проходил в Болгарии). В 2016 они уже в пятый раз подряд выиграли женский командный чемпионат Европы по снукеру.", "История снукера\n(in Russian) (in Russian) (in English)", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру\nОднако в 1970-х годах WPBSA (новая организация управления снукером) была вынуждена сократить количество фреймов для победы. Это произошло по простой причине: снукерные матчи стали транслироваться по телевидению, а время трансляции было ограничено. Так, с 1980 года максимально возможное количество финальных партий сократилось до 35. Кстати, примерно тогда же, благодаря приходу новых игроков-профессионалов, расширилась турнирная сетка: теперь матчи основной части чемпионата начинались с 1/16 финала. Остальные же матчи игрались по хорошо отработанной системе, которая за без малого 30 лет претерпела минимальные изменения: 1/16 финала — матчи до 10 побед, 1/8 финала — до 13 побед, 1/4 финала — до 13 побед и полуфиналы — до 17 побед (до 1997 года до 16[18]).", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1947\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1947 () — главный турнир в мире снукера, проводившийся в Leicester Square Hall, Лондон (Англия). Победителем турнира стал Уолтер Дональдсон, выигравший в финале у Фреда Дэвиса со счётом 82:63.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 2015\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 2015 (, также известен как \"2015 World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — профессиональный рейтинговый турнир по снукеру сезона 2014/2015, который проходил с 18 апреля по 4 мая 2015 года в Театре Крусибл (Шеффилд, Англия). Это 78-й чемпионат мира по снукеру. Чемпионом мира впервые стал Стюарт Бинэм, победивший в финале Шона Мёрфи со счетом 18:15.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 2013\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 2013 (, также известен как 2013 Betfair World Snooker Championship — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера сезона 2012/2013, который проходил с 20 апреля по 6 мая 2013 года в Театре Крусибл (Шеффилд, Англия).", "Мастерс (снукер)\nВпервые турнир Мастерс был проведён 1975 году в West Centre Hotel, Лондон. Его организатором был Benson & Hedges, который и остался спонсором турнира вплоть до 2004 года. Первой парой финалистов из 10 участвовавших игроков стали англичанин Джон Спенсер и валлиец Рэй Риардон. В напряжённом поединке, который закончился переигровокой чёрного в решающем фрейме, победил Спенсер. В 1981 Терри Гриффитс на глазах у 2323 зрителей оказался первым, кому удавалось выигрывать Мастерс с первой попытки. А в 1986 Клифф Торбурн из Канады установил рекорд по количеству завоёванных подряд титулов — он стал двукратным чемпионом подряд и трёхкратным вообще.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1935\nЧемпиона́т ми́ра по сну́керу 1935 года () — главный турнир в мире снукера, проводившийся в Thurston’s Hall, Лондон (Англия). Предыдущий победитель турнира, Джо Дэвис, начинал защищать титул в полуфинале и в итоге стал чемпионом в 9 раз подряд. В финале он обыграл Вилли Смита со счётом 25:20.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1964—1968\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру — главный турнир в мире снукера, который возродился в 1964 году в формате челленджа после перерыва в 6 лет. Предыдущий чемпионат в 1957 году выиграл Джон Палмен, благодаря чему с 1964 по 1968 гг. он играл лишь в финале.", "Сникеры\nИстория сникеров началась в XIX веке. В те времена люди носили обувь с резиновой подошвой, которая называлась «плимзолы». В 1892 году Маркус Конверс открывает свою собственную фабрику Converse по производству резиновой обуви. К 1915 году фабрика набирает популярность и начинает производить обувь для тенниса. В 1917 году на свет появляется одна из самых популярных моделей баскетбольных кед — Converse All-Star. В том же году кеды именуются сникерами, потому что человек, ходящий в них, передвигался крайне бесшумно.", "Батлер, Нэт\nРодился Батлер в Абердине, Шотландия, но затем переселился в пригород Лондона и выступал на соревнованиях за Англию. Он несколько раз выигрывал крупные турниры по английскому бильярду, а в 1927 году принял участие в первом чемпионате мира по снукеру. На этом же турнире, только в 1930 году, Батлер дошёл до полуфинала, где проиграл Тому Деннису со счётом 11:13. Этот матч выдался очень напряжённым: в начале игры счёт был 4:4; к концу второго игрового дня Деннис вёл 10:6, но по завершении предпоследней сессии Нэт сократил отставание до 9:11, а затем и сравнял счёт. Но в итоге выиграл Том Деннис — 13:11.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 2001\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 2001 (, также известен как \"2001 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 21 апреля по 7 мая 2001 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Ронни О'Салливан.", "Снукер в России\nВ 2008 году в Москве прошёл турнир World Series of Snooker с участием Джона Хиггинса, Марка Селби, Дин Цзюньхуэя. А в 2009 в Санкт-Петербурге прошёл чемпионат Европы в нескольких категориях. 3-11 октября 2015 года в Санкт-Петербурге прошел первый в истории снукера чемпионат мира среди юношей и девушек в возрастной категории до 18 лет.", "Хиггинс, Алекс\nСтав профессионалом, первое время Хиггинс продолжал зарабатывать на выставочных играх и мастер-классах для местных любителей снукера — это было необходимо для того, чтобы накопить нужную денежную сумму и подать заявку для участия в чемпионате мира. В конце концов он принял участие на этом турнире, и сенсационно победил на нём с первой попытки в 1972 году, в возрасте 22 лет и 345 дней. Этой победой Хиггинс установил сразу два рекорда: он стал первым чемпионом турнира, пробившимся через квалификацию, а также самым молодым чемпионом мирового первенства на то время. На пути к финалу чемпионата он выиграл у восьмикратного победителя турнира, Джона Палмена, в 1/4 и у Рекса Уильямса в 1/2. В решающем матче Хиггинс со счётом 37:32 победил одного из лидирующих снукеристов 70-х и тогда ещё действующего чемпиона мира Джона Спенсера. Несмотря на то, что Хиггинс стал обладателем самого важного в игре титула, за своё достижение он получил всего 480 фунтов стерлингов — это объясняется тем, что тогда снукер был малоизвестной игрой, и турниры зачастую проходили без спонсорской поддержки.", "Кубок мира 1979 (снукер)\nКубок мира 1979 (, полное название \"1979 State Express World Challenge Cup\") — профессиональный нерейтинговый командный снукерный турнир, который прошёл в октябре 1979 года в Бирмингеме, Англия. Победителем стала команда Уэльса, обыгравшая в финале Англию со счётом 14:3.В турнире приняли участие шесть команд. Они были разделены на две группы. Каждая команда состояла из трёх игроков. Все матчи группового этапа состояли из 15 фреймов, каждый снукерист играл по пять фреймов за матч в сумме. Команды, занявшие первое место в своих группах, выходили в финал.", "Чемпионат Англии по снукеру среди любителей\nВпервые чемпионат Англии среди любителей прошёл в 1916 году в Orme’s Hall, Лондон. Первоначально он не имел статуса национального турнира, и назывался просто «любительский чемпионат по снукеру». Только в 1921 к нему добавилась приставка «английский».", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 2010\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 2010 (, также известен как \"2010 Betfred.com World Snooker Champiosnhip\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, который проходил с 17 апреля по 3 мая 2010 года в Театре Крусибл (Шеффилд, Англия). Чемпионом мира стал австралиец Нил Робертсон, обыгравший в финале шотландца Грэма Дотта со счётом 18:13.Игрокам, проигравшим в предварительных раундах квалификации и игрокам, не являющимся участниками мэйн-тура, очки не начисляются.", "Открытый чемпионат Уэльса по снукеру\nПервый валлиский профессиональный чемпионат по снукеру провели ещё в 1927 году. Но до нового турнира прошло В 1977 единственные два профессиональных снукериста из Уэльса, Рэй Риардон и Дуг Маунтджой, встретились в финале турнира, который выиграл Риардон, 12:8. Несмотря на то, что это состязание спонсировал Уильям Хилл, успеха он не имел, и официально чемпионат в Уэльсе назначили только в 1980 году.", "История снукера\nСо временем правила менялись (в частности, количество цветных увеличилось до шести), а в 1919 году Ассоциация Бильярда и Контрольный Совет официально признала снукер как разновидность игры в бильярд, установив свод правил по игре в снукер. С тех пор игра стала постепенно развиваться и через некоторое время по популярности обошла английский бильярд. С 1927 года стали проводиться регулярные снукерные турниры, первый из них — чемпионат мира — стал главным событием года в этой игре. Тем не менее, в 1950-х—1960-х годах в снукере произошёл серьёзный спад, который закончился вместе с заменой главной управленческой организации. С 1964 года, после семилетнего перерыва возобновился чемпионат мира, а в 1968 году образовалась WPBSA — Всемирная Ассоциация Профессионального Бильярда и Снукера. «Современная эра» снукера начинается с 1969 года. В 1970-х годах снукер начали транслировать по телевидению, а с 1980-х эта игра стала активно популяризироваться на Дальнем Востоке. В 1990-х снукер был на подъёме — количество турниров резко увеличилось, а их призовой фонд вырос в несколько раз в сравнении с прошлым десятилетием. Примечательно, что спонсорами турниров часто становились табачные компании.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1970\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1970 (, также известен как \"1970 Player's № 6 World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший в Лондоне, Англия в апреле 1970 года. Чемпионом мира стал Рэй Риардон, выигравший в финале у Джона Палмена со счётом 37:33. Риардон вёл 27:14, затем Палмен сократил отставание до минимума — 33:34, но больше ни одного фрейма не выиграл.", "История снукера\nСнукер в Англии Снукер в России Снукер в Таиланде Снукер на Мальте", "Хендри, Стивен\nХендри начал играть в снукер в 1981 в возрасте 12 лет, когда его отец, Гордон Хенлри, подарил на Рождество детский стол. Два года спустя Стивен выиграл Чемпионат Шотландии для игроков не старше 16 лет. Он также участвовал в юниорской версии турнира \"Pot Black\". В 1984 году ему покорился Чемпионат Шотландии среди любителей, а на Чемпионате мира среди любителей он стал самым молодым участником за всю историю турнира. В 1985 году, успешно защитив титул чемпиона Шотландии, Хендри начал профессиональную карьеру. В возрасте 16 лет и 3 месяцев он стал самым молодым профессиональным игроком в истории снукера. Менеджером Хендри стал Иэн Дойл.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру\nВ последующие несколько лет чемпионат переносился в разные города, однако страна проведения оставалась одной и той же. Все розыгрыши, вплоть до 1940 год выигрывал Дэвис, кроме того, в 1936 году он сделал первый официально зарегистрированный сенчури-брейк. Единственным серьёзным соперником был его же младший брат Фред, у которого Джо выиграл в 1940 году в решающем фрейме.", "Pot Black Cup\nВпервые турнир был проведён в 1969 году, как раз в то время, когда телеканал BBC переходил на цветной формат вещания. Разноцветные шары и зелёное снукерное сукно хорошо показывали преимущества новинки; кроме того, скоротечные матчи турнира не мешали сетке вещания канала. Поэтому представители BBC согласились показывать Pot Black Cup. Первый турнир стартовал 23 июля 1969 года на BBC2, его представил зрителям репортёр Алан Уикс. Первым рефери был Сидней Ли, а матчи комментировал Тед Лоу. Все матчи проводились на протяжении одной недели и состояли из одного фрейма, а снукеристы играли между собой в групповом этапе. Победителем Pot Black-1969 стал валлиец Рэй Риардон, обыгравший в финале Джона Спенсера с «маленьким» счётом 88-29.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру\nНаиболее развит снукер в Великобритании, там же находятся и основные источники информации о чемпионате мира. С 1960-х годов первенство стали показывать по телевидению (каналы BBC, ITV). Сейчас чемпионат мира освещают в полном объёме телеканалы BBC и Евроспорт, а также газеты Гардиан и BBC Sport. Турнир является главным снукерным событием сезона, и, соответственно, самым популярным соревнованием по этой игре на телевидении — к примеру, за финалом чемпионата мира 1985 года, который транслировался на канале BBC 2, следили более 18 миллионов телезрителей[7].", "Правила игры в снукер\n\"Игра\" — состоит из нечётного числа фреймов, победа в игре присуждается тому игроку, который выиграет столько фреймов, что, даже если проиграет все остальные, то уже не проиграет игру. Например, при игре до 25 фреймов победа присуждается тому из игроков, который первым выиграет 13 фреймов.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1977\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1977 (, также известен как \"1977 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 18 по 30 апреля 1977 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Джон Спенсер.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1936\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1936 () — главный турнир в мире снукера, проводившийся в лондонском зале Thurston’s Hall (Англия). Предыдущий победитель турнира Джо Дэвис начинал защищать титул в первом раунде и в итоге стал чемпионом в 10 раз подряд. В финале он обыграл Хорэса Линдрума со счётом 34:27.", "Снукер\nОтличие снукера от других видов бильярда (пул, карамболь) в значительных размерах стола и более сложных правилах. Другое отличие от пула — это принципиально иная геометрия губок луз, что предусматривает иную технику сыгрывания шаров.", "Кубок мира 1996 (снукер)\nКубок мира по снукеру 1996 (, также известен как \"Castrol-Honda World Cup 1996\" — по названию спонсора) — профессиональный нерейтинговый снукерный турнир, который проходил с 29 октября по 10 ноября 1996 года. Победителем турнира стала сборная Шотландии в составе Стивена Хендри, Джона Хиггинса и Алана Макмануса, обыгравшая в финале сборную Ирландии (Кен Доэрти, Фергал О'Брайен, Стивен Мёрфи) со счётом 10:7.Из каждой группы в плей-офф выходят по две сборные. Числа вверху обозначают номер посева команды на турнире.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру\nПервый чемпионат мира был проведён с ноября 1926 по май 1927 года в Бирмингеме, Англия. В нём приняли участие 10 игроков. Первый матч был сыгран между Мельбурном Инмэном и Томом Ньюменом[3], а победителем всего первенства стал англичанин Джо Дэвис. Он же был одним из организаторов турнира. За победу Дэвис получил £ 6.10 (около трёхсот фунтов стерлингов по сегодняшним расценкам)[4], а кубок чемпиона он купил за свои деньги. Высший брейк турнира сделал Альберт Коуп, 60 очков.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру\nС 1941 по 1945 год чемпионат не проводился из-за Второй мировой войны. Возобновился он лишь в 1946 году, и вновь победителем стал Джо Дэвис. Ему же принадлежал и высший брейк чемпионата в 136 очков, который он сделал в финальном матче против Хорэса Линдрума. За эту победу англичанин получил 1000 фунтов стерлингов. К тому моменту Дэвис стал уже 15-кратным чемпионом мира (все титулы были выиграны подряд), но после чемпионата 1946 года он прекратил участие в турнире. После ухода старшего брата Фред Дэвис был готов продолжить семейную традицию, однако, его первая попытка завоевать титул оказалась неудачной. В финальном матче его остановил шотландец Уолтер Дональдсон. Тем не менее, последующие 10 лет на чемпионате доминировал именно Дэвис-младший: с 1948 по 1957 года он выиграл восемь титулов, в то время как его главный соперник Дональдсон — всего один.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1952\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1952 () — главный турнир в мире снукера, проводившийся впервые с 1931 года с участием всего двух игроков. Это было связано с разногласиями между снукеристами и главной управленческой организацией бильярда того времени BA&CC. Победителем турнира стал Хорэс Линдрум из Австралии, выигравший у новозеландца Кларка Макконэки со счётом 94:49. Также следует отметить, что Линдрум стал первым небританским игроком, победившим на этом соревновании.", "История снукера\nВозможно, финансовый подъём снукера прекратился в начале XXI века вместе с новым британским законом: теперь реклама табака на телевидении была запрещена, а это означало, что многочисленные спонсоры крупных снукерных соревнований вынуждены были прекратить своё сотрудничество. Популярность игры от этого сильно не пострадала — в последнее время в снукер стали играть как в Китае и Австралии, так и на территории постсоветского пространства (пока на любительском уровне).", "Снукер\nС 1960 по 1988 год (за исключением 1980 года) снукер состоял в программе Паралимпийских игр.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1988\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1988 (, также известен как \"1988 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 16 апреля по 2 мая 1988 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Стив Дэвис.", "Снукер в Таиланде\nОднако только к середине 1980-х годов, преимущественно под спонсированием WPBSA, снукер начал активно развиваться в стране. Первый профессиональный турнир в Таиланде прошёл в 1984 году (Thailand Open); он же потом стал вторым, после Asian Open, рейтинговым профессиональным турниром в стране. На протяжении 1990-х прошла большая серия турниров с участием игроков топ-уровня, однако большинство из них были предназначены только для популяризации и развития игры в регионе, и поэтому турниры такого типа не входили в состав мэйн-тура.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 2014\nЧемпионат мира 2014 года стал 80-м чемпионатом мира по снукеру, который ежегодно проходил с 1927 года с перерывами с 1941 по 1945 годы и с 1958 по 1963 годы. Турнир является одним из трех турниров Тройной снукерной короны (вместе с чемпионатом Великобритании и Мастерс), а также самым престижным и самым высокооплачиваемым из всех снукерных соревнований. С самого основания чемпионат мира проходил в разных городах Англии, а также на острове Джерси (1957), в Южно-Африканской Республике (1965) и в Австралии (1971, 1975). С 1977 года мировое первенство проходит на арене театра Крусибл в Другу.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру\nДэвис мог доминировать в чемпионатах и дальше, однако, в конце 1980-х в мэйн-туре (своеобразной высшей лиге снукера) появился ещё более одарённый игрок — Стивен Хендри. В те времена многие эксперты стали называть Хендри преемником Дэвиса[8], поскольку как один, так и другой уже в начале своей карьеры становились практически непобедимыми на всех соревнованиях. Но в итоге шотландец оставил позади Стива по всем показателям, и прежде всего по главному — количеству выигранных чемпионатов мира. 90-е годы принадлежали именно Стивену Хендри. Свой первый титул он взял в рекордные 21 год и 106 дней, а последний, седьмой по счёту, завоевал в 1999. Стивен Хендри по праву считается самым успешным игроком в истории турнира: несмотря на то, что по количеству выигранных чемпионатов мира он занимает лишь четвёртое место, его победы пришлись на время, когда снукер был уже довольно развитым видом спорта с высокой игровой конкуренцией.", "Снукер на летних Паралимпийских играх\nТурниры проводились преимущественно для игроков с параличом нижних конечностей. С 1960 по 1968 разыгрывалось 4 медали (золотая, серебряная и две бронзовых); затем — три. В 1972, 1976 и 1984 годах проводилось два турнира для игроков с разной степенью паралича. Все соревнования проходили по более короткой, в сравнении с профессиональными снукерными турнирами, системе.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1987\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1987 (, также известен как \"1987 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 18 апреля по 4 мая 1987 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Стив Дэвис.\nНиже представлены результаты финальной стадии турнира. Цифры в круглых скобках обозначают посев игроков на турнире (всего участвуют 16 «сеяных» игроков и 16 игроков, пробившихся из квалификации).", "Лисовски, Джек\nВ 2010 году Лисовски стал победителем старейшего снукерного турнира в Великобритании — чемпионата Англии среди любителей (разыгрывается с 1916 года). В финале чемпионата, который проходил в шеффилдской Академии снукера, он со счётом 9:2 обыграл Лео Фернандеса.", "World Series of Snooker\nWorld Series of Snooker — серия нерейтинговых (пригласительных) снукерных турниров под эгидой WPBSA, имеющая выставочный или рекламный характер. Была создана в дополнение к мэйн-туру для популяризации снукера в мире. Первый розыгрыш состоялся в 2008 году, включивший в себя 4 двухдневных турнира (четвертьфиналы в субботу, полуфиналы и финал в воскресенье) в Джерси, Германии, России и Польше. В каждом турнире участвовали по 8 игроков, четверо из которых — ведущие мастера, остальные — местные игроки, либо специально приглашённые. Победители турниров и финалисты попали на Гранд Финал, состоявшийся в городе Портиман (Португалия). Победитель серии 2008/09 — Шон Мёрфи — получил € 50,000.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1983\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1983 (, также известен как \"1983 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 16 апреля по 2 мая 1983 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Стив Дэвис.", "Чемпионат Канады по снукеру среди профессионалов\nПервый официальный чемпионат Канады по снукеру среди профессионалов состоялся в 1983 году, хотя ранее, в 1980 прошёл аналогичный неофициальный турнир. Победителем чемпионата 1983 года стал Кирк Стивенс. ", "Кубок мира (снукер)\nКубок мира или (ранее) Кубок наций () — пригласительный снукерный турнир (был организован Майком Уоттерсоном, который также был организатором турнира UK Championship, при его содействии чемпионат мира по снукеру переехал в Крусибл, Шеффилд). Соревнования были ежегодными. В состав команды из трёх человек входили лучшие игроки согласно рейтингу. Стив Дэвис, Англия, больше всех владел Кубком мира — 4 раза.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру\nВ 1952 году в проведении всемирных чемпионатов по снукеру начался кризис. Начало ему положили большие разногласия между игроками и управленческой организацией, BA & CC. В результате было проведено два чемпионата: организованный ВА & CC и организованный самими игроками-профессионалами. В первом приняли участие всего два снукериста, и победителем стал австралиец Хорэс Линдрум; во втором сыграли все остальные профессионалы, и там чемпионом был Фред Дэвис. World Matchplay (так официально назывался тот турнир) и стали считать «настоящим» первенством мира. Однако долго он не продержался и в 1958 году перестал проводиться из-за непопулярности и катастрофической нехватки денег. Последним чемпионом World Matchplay стал англичанин Джон Палмен, который выиграл свой титул в 1957.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру\nВ 1980 году первенство мира впервые выиграл неевропеец (канадец Клифф Торбурн). А через год титул получил новый игрок — Стив Дэвис (не родственник Джо и Фреду Дэвисам). Он стал абсолютным лидером, выиграв в 1980-х шесть высших титулов из восьми сыгранных им финалов. Не без участия Стива прошёл и финал ЧМ-1985, самый знаменитый из всех, когда-либо сыгранных в истории Крусибла[7]. Тогда Деннис Тейлор выиграл у англичанина 18:17, вырвав победу на последнем шаре. Этот 35-фреймовый поединок, закончившийся в 00-19 в понедельник, долгое время держал рекорд продолжительности снукерного матча (890 минут чистого времени).", "История снукера\nТакже за последнее время выросло и качество самой игры — всё больше снукеристов стали делать сенчури-брейки, а на смену лучшему игроку 80-х Стиву Дэвису пришёл, возможно, ещё более талантливый Стивен Хендри. Самыми же успешными снукеристами начала XXI века считаются Ронни О'Салливан, Джон Хиггинс и Марк Уильямс; среди этих троих игроков О’Салливан многими ставится на первое место.", "Правила игры в снукер\nИгра ведётся на прямоугольном столе размерами:", "Чемпионат Шотландии по снукеру среди профессионалов\nИзменилась ситуация в 1979 году, когда местный игрок Эдди Синклэр стал профессионалом и начал играть в мэйн-туре. Вскоре появились и другие, более-менее сильные шотландские снукеристы, и в 1980 году стартовал новый турнир — чемпионат Шотландии среди профессионалов. В первом розыгрыше чемпионата победу одержал Синклэр. В 1981 году Берт Демарко, снукерист и популяризатор этой игры, взял турнир под свой контроль и изменил систему проведения — теперь в чемпионате, который начинался с нокаут-раунда, участвовали восемь игроков. Ещё через год у турнира появился первый спонсор — Tartan Bitter/Daily Record, но под его поддержкой чемпионат прошёл только один раз.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1931\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1931 () — главный турнир в мире снукера, проводившийся в 1931 году в Ноттингеме (Англия).", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1946\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1946 () — главный турнир в мире снукера, проводившийся весной 1946 года в Лондоне, Англия. Финал чемпионата игрался ежедневно с 6 по 18 мая с 15:00 и 19:30. Победителем турнира стал Джо Дэвис, выигравший в финале у Хорэса Линдрума со счётом 78:67. Для Джо Дэвиса это была уже 15 подряд победа на мировом первенстве.", "Браун, Алек\nА́лек Бра́ун (; 1908 — 5 сентября 1995) — один из первых профессиональных снукеристов.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру\nХотя в снукер начали играть приблизительно в 1870-х годах, официально его правила были утверждены организацией бильярда Billiard Association & Control Club (позднее — Billiard Association & Control Council (BA & CC)) в 1919 году. Английский бильярд в то время был доминирующей разновидностью бильярдных игр, и поэтому идеи об организации региональных снукерных турниров появились только в начале 1920-х годов. Многие профессиональные игроки понимали потенциал игры и настаивали на проведении чемпионата мира. В конце концов, этим непосредственно занялся Билл Камкин, владелец сети бильярдных клубов в Бирмингеме. Вместе Билл и его друг Джо Дэвис разработали и предложили план проведения первенства BA & CC. Их предложение было принято.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1993\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1993 (, также известен как \"1993 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 16 апреля по 3 мая 1993 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Стивен Хендри.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1982\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1982 (, также известен как \"1982 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 30 апреля по 16 мая 1982 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Алекс Хиггинс.", "Сноуборд (вид спорта)\nИзобретение сноуборда относят к началу 1960-х годов. Шерман Поппен из города , штат Мичиган, придумал и изготовил для своей дочери в 1965 году современное подобие сноуборда, названное снёрфером (snurfer — слово, составленное из двух других — snow («снег») и surf — «сёрф»). Он склеил две лыжи в одно целое. По своей конструкции снёрфер был очень близок к скейтборду, только без колёс. Снёрфер не имел креплений, и чтобы удержаться на доске, катающийся должен был держаться за верёвку, привязанную к носу. Инструкция по пользованию также рекомендовала использовать для катания нескользящую обувь. Уже в 1966 году было начато производство снёрфера в качестве детской игрушки.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 2011\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 2011 (, также известен как \"2011 Betfred.com World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, который прошёл с 16 апреля по 2 мая 2011 года в Театре Крусибл (Шеффилд, Англия). Победителем турнира стал Джон Хиггинс, обыгравший в финале 21-летнего Джадда Трампа со счётом 18:15. Предыдущий чемпион мира, Нил Робертсон, проиграл в матче первого раунда самому Трампу.Игрокам, проигравшим в предварительных раундах квалификации и игрокам, не являющимся участниками мэйн-тура, очки не начисляются.\nНиже представлены результаты и данные финальной (телевизионной) стадии турнира. Цифры в круглых скобках после имён игроков обозначают их номер посева в турнире (всего в чемпионате мира участвуют 16 «сеяных» игроков, и 16 игроков, пробившихся из квалификации).", "История снукера\nХотя бильярд существовал ещё в XVI веке, первые упоминания про снукер как отдельный вид этой игры появились в 1870-х годах. Достоверно неизвестно, кто именно создал этот вид бильярда, но большинство специалистов сходятся на том, что «автором» снукера был полковник Британских колониальных войск в Индии сэр Невилл Чемберлен. Он же в 1938 году написал в один из британских журналов о своём, ставшем к тому времени довольно известном, изобретении, описав игру и историю её создания.", "Снукер\nСейчас снукер популярен в англоязычных странах (особенно в Великобритании и Ирландии), а также в Китае, Австралии. Ежегодно проводятся чемпионаты мира по снукеру (с 1977 года — в Шеффилде, Англия), а также различные турниры как для любителей, так и для профессионалов. Основные соревнования проводятся под контролем WPBSA — Всемирной ассоциации профессионального бильярда и снукера. В числе прочих можно отметить турниры, проводящихся под эгидой Matchroom Sports (президент — Барри Хирн) — например, Премьер-лига. Профессиональные игроки в снукер стремятся завоевать по ходу сезона так называемую Тройную корону, выиграв наиболее престижные соревнования мэйн-тура.", "World Matchplay 1955 (снукер)\nWorld Matchplay 1955 — главный турнир в мире снукера, проводившийся в Tower Circus, Блэкпул (Англия). Победителем турнира стал Фред Дэвис, выигравший в финале у Джона Палмена со счётом 37:34.", "Снукер в Таиланде\nВ снукер в Таиланде начали играть ещё с первой половины XX века. Однако в 1935 году правительство страны приняло закон, согласно которому бильярд приравнивался к «второстепенным» азартным играм, и запретило несовершеннолетним играть в него. Тем не менее, снукер в стране продолжал развиваться, и в 1957 Тайской Торговой Ассоциацией был организован национальный чемпионат. Это был первый серьёзный турнир в Таиланде; до 1970 он проходил ежегодно. Затем наступил длительный перерыв, и чемпионат был возобновлён только в 1982-м англичанином Морисом Керром. В том соревновании участвовало 20 человек, а победил Вичиан Саенгтхонг. В том же году Керр основал национальную ассоциацию снукера и бильярда.", "Gold Cup (снукер)\nВпервые турнир был проведён в сезоне 1936/37 годов. Спонсором соревнования был Daily Mail. Gold Cup стал одним из самых престижных снукерных турниров довоенного времени, хотя проводился всего четыре раза. Матчи соревнования игрались по групповой системе на протяжении 15 недель. Чемпион турнира получал «Золотой кубок» и некоторые товары в качестве дополнительного приза, хотя денежного поощрения не было.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1990\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1990 (, также известен как \"1990 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 13 по 29 апреля 1990 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Стивен Хендри. Хендри, выигравший в финале у Джимми Уайта, стал самым молодым победителем этого турнира — на тот момент ему был 21 год и 106 дней.", "World Matchplay 1952 (снукер)\nWorld Matchplay 1952 — главный турнир в мире снукера, проводившийся самостоятельно и без участия организации BA&CC по инициативе группы профессиональных снукеристов. Этот турнир стал временной заменой чемпионата мира. Первым победителем World Matchplay стал Фред Дэвис, выигравший в финале у Уолтера Дональдсона со счётом 38:35. Турнир проводился в Tower Circus, Блэкпул (Англия).", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру\nНачиная с сезона 1973/74 он включён в список рейтинговых соревнований. В настоящее время чемпионат проводится в Театре Крусибл (English: Crucible Theatre) в Шеффилде, Англия. Этот турнир является самым важным по престижности, рейтинговым очкам и призовым деньгам, и проходит ежегодно в конце сезона[1][2].", "Power Snooker\nPower Snooker — новая разновидность игры в снукер.\nИгра представляет собой короткий (в пределах одного-двух дней) турнир, длительность одного матча ограничена 30 минутами и основана на наборе очков. Первый турнир прошёл в музыкальном клубе «IndigO2», который является частью комплекса «» (вместимость 2 410 человек), в Лондоне, 30 октября 2010 года. Впервые с 2001 года снукерный турнир освещала телекомпания ITV: Power Snooker показали в прямом эфире на британском канале ITV4. Также право на показ турнира получила телекомпания Евроспорт.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1985\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1985 (, также известен как \"1985 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 12 по 29 апреля 1985 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Деннис Тейлор, обыгравший в финале Стива Дэвиса со счётом 18:17 (66-62 в последней партии).", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1951\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1951 () — главный турнир в мире снукера, проводившийся в Tower Circus, Блэкпул (Англия). Победителем турнира стал Фред Дэвис, выигравший в финале у Уолтера Дональдсона со счётом 58:39. Четвёртый раз подряд в финале играли одни и те же снукеристы.", "Беннетт, Бернард\nБернарда привлёк к снукеру его старший брат Джон. Любовь к снукеру никогда не покидала Беннетта, и он совмещал игру со своей работой плотника. Семья Беннетта переехала в Саутгемптон в 1965-м и стала зарабатывать на торговле домами.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1939\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1939 () — главный турнир в мире снукера, проводившийся в Thurston's Hall, Лондон (Англия). Победителем турнира стал Джо Дэвис, выигравший в финале у Сиднея Смита со счётом 43:30.", "Правила игры в снукер\nИгра ведётся киём, который должен быть не короче 3 футов (914 мм). Используют также особые удлинители кия и машинки () для игры, позволяющие сыграть шары в труднодоступных местах.", "Сноуборд (вид спорта)\nВ 1979 году, неподалёку от города Гранд Рапид, штат Мичиган, был проведён первый в истории Мировой чемпионат по снёрфингу. В этих соревнования участвовал и Джейк Обертон, который усовершенствовал снёс, добавив крепления для ног. Такое усовершенствование вызвало протест со стороны других участников, так как его снаряд отличался от оригинального. Однако Пол Грейвс, лучший из спиннингистов того времени, совместно с другими спортсменами, уговорили организаторов допустить его к соревнованиям. В результате был создан отдельный конкурс, в котором Бёртон и победил, будучи единственным участником. Данный чемпионат теперь принято считать первыми в истории соревнованиями по сноуборд у, как самостоятельной дисциплине.", "Шнауцер\nПервые стандарты пород шнауцеров были опубликованы в 1880 году. В 1907 году в Мюнхене образовался Баварский клуб шнауцеров, в 1918 году объединившийся с клубом пинчеров и образовавший Клуб пинчеров-шнауцеров. В Великобритании и США шнауцеры появились в начале XX века. В Америке клуб шнауцеров был создан в 1925 году, а в 1933 году он разделился на клубы стандартных и карликовых шнауцеров. Породный клуб в Великобритании образован в 1929 году.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1974\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1974 (, также известен как \"1974 Park Drive World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший в Манчестере, Англия с 16 по 25 апреля 1974 года. Чемпионом мира стал Рэй Риардон, победивший в финале Грэма Майлса со счётом 22:12.", "Кубок наций 1999 (снукер)\nКубок наций по снукеру 1999 () — профессиональный нерейтинговый снукерный турнир, который проходил в Ньюкасле (Англия) с 16 по 24 января 1999 года. Победителем турнира стала сборная Уэльса, обыгравший в финале сборную Шотландии со счётом 6:4.\nМатчи из 1 фрейма", "Чемпионат Европы по снукеру 2010\nЧемпионат Европы по снукеру 2010 () — главный любительский снукерный турнир 2010 года в Европе, проходивший с 27 мая по 5 июня 2010 года в Румынии. Победителем чемпионата среди мужчин стал 15-летний бельгиец Люка Бресель, обыгравший в финале голландца Роя Столка со счётом 7:4. В женской части турнира также победила снукеристка из Бельгии Уэнди Янс; в финале она выиграла у Дианы Статежни со счётом 5:3.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1948\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1948 () — главный турнир в мире снукера, проводившийся в Leicester Square Hall, Лондон (Англия). Победителем турнира стал Фред Дэвис, выигравший в финале у Уолтера Дональдсона.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1980\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1980 (, также известен как \"1980 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 22 апреля по 5 мая 1980 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Клифф Торбурн.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1976\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1976 (, также известен как \"1976 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший в Мидлсбро и Манчестере (Англия). Это был первый чемпионат под спонсированием сигаретного бренда Embassy. Чемпионом мира стал Рэй Риардон.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1995\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1995 (, также известен как \"1995 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 14 по 30 апреля 1995 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Стивен Хендри.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1989\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1989 (, также известен как \"1989 Embassy World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 15 апреля по 1 мая 1989 года в Crucible Theatre в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Стив Дэвис.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 1929\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 1929 () — главный турнир в мире снукера, проводившийся в Ноттингеме, Англия. Победителем турнира стал предыдущий чемпион — Джо Дэвис, выигравший в финале у Тома Денниса со счётом 19:14. Финал проводился ежедневно с 4 мая по 7 мая 1929 года. Оба участника финала представляли Англию.Первый раунд", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 2016\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 2016 (, также известен как \"2016 Betfred World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — профессиональный рейтинговый турнир по снукеру сезона 2015/2016, который проходил с 16 апреля по 2 мая 2016 года в Театре Крусибл (Шеффилд, Англия). Победителем этого турнира стал Марк Селби, который победил Дина Цзюньхуэйа со счётом 18–14. Это была вторая победа Селби в чемпионате мира, первый был в 2014 году, когда победил Ронни О’Салливана с тем же счётом.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру\nВ 1974 году чемпионат был включён в список рейтинговых соревнований, из-за чего возрос его престиж. А в 1976 на первенство пришёл первый крупный спонсор, сигаретный бренд Embassy, оставшийся с турниром почти на тридцать лет. Через год чемпионат нашёл и новый дом, Театр Крусибл в Шеффилде, а канал Би-би-си начал трансляции игр[6]. Именно 1977 и можно считать годом рождения современного снукера.", "Великобритания\nИгра в теннис появилась в городе Бирмингем где-то между 1859 и 1865 годами. Уимблдонский турнир — это международный турнир, проводимый в Уимблдоне на юге Лондона каждое лето, и считается одним из самых престижных турниров в мире. Снукер пользуется большой популярностью в Великобритании, а ежегодный чемпионат мира проводится в Шеффилде. В Северной Ирландии также популярны такие командные виды спорта, как Гэльский футбол и Хёрлинг, на матчи в которых собирается много зрителей. Игра Шинти популярна в Шотландском высокогорье.", "World Matchplay 1954 (снукер)\nWorld Matchplay 1954 — главный турнир в мире снукера, проводившийся в Houldsworth Hall, Манчестер (Англия). Победителем турнира стал Фред Дэвис, выигравший в финале Уолтера Дональдсона со счётом 39:21.", "Сноуборд (спортивный инвентарь)\nПервым современным подобием сноуборда был снёрфер (snurfer — слово, составленное из двух других — snow («снег») и surf — «сёрф»), придуманный и изготовленный Шерманом Поппеном для дочери в 1965 году в городе Мускегон, штат Мичиган. Он склеил две лыжи в одно целое. Уже в следующем году было начато производство снёрфера в качестве детской игрушки. По конструкции он был очень близок к скейтбордовой деке, только без колёс. Снёрфер не имел креплений, и чтобы удержаться на снаряде, катающийся должен был держаться за верёвку, привязанную к носу; кроме этого, инструкция рекомендовала использовать для катания нескользящую обувь. На протяжении 1970-х и 80-х шёл рост популярности этого вида спорта, и ряд выдающихся энтузиастов, таких как Димитрий Милович, Джейк Бёртон (основатель компании Burton Snowboards), Том Симс (основатель компании Sims Snowboards) и Майк Олсон (основатель компании Mervin Manufacturing) внесли большой вклад в совершенствование снаряжения, что и определило современный вид сноуборда.", "Pontins Open\nЗадачей этого соревнования было привлечь как можно больше простых игроков к снукеру, а также подготовить профессионалов к началу нового сезона. Первый турнир был проведён в 1974 году; в нём приняли участие несколько профессионалов. Также были проведены юниорские, женские и ветеранские турниры Pontins.", "Чемпионат мира по снукеру 2008\nЧемпионат мира по снукеру 2008 (, также известен как \"2008 888.com World Snooker Championship\" — по названию спонсора) — главный турнир в мире снукера, проходивший с 19 апреля по 5 мая 2008 года в Театре Крусибл в Шеффилде, Англия. Чемпионом мира стал Ронни О'Салливан.\nНиже представлены результаты финальной стадии турнира. Цифры в круглых скобках после имён игроков обозначают их номер посева на турнире (всего в чемпионате мира участвуют 16 «сеяных» игроков, и 16 игроков, пробившихся из квалификации).", "Чемпионат Австралии по снукеру среди профессионалов\nТурнир впервые был проведён в 1963 году, и первым его победителем стал Уоррен Симпсон. С 1963 по 1975 чемпионат игрался в формате челленджа, т.е. предыдущий победитель автоматически проходил в финал следующего розыгрыша, а его соперник определялся в серии матчей на выбывание. В 1976 финал не состоялся из-за того, что противник Эдди Чарльтона, действующего на тот момент чемпиона, не явился на матч. В 1969 турнир в единственный раз прошёл за пределами Австралии (в Окленде, Новая Зеландия)." ]

[ 12.125 ]

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[ "Humans walking" ]

[ "Nobody is walking", "Adegas de Sao Francisco is the most ethereal shop to buy Madeira wines in.", "I know how much they are there.", "Some of the elements of the FGD installations are modest.", "The tally for the Clinton inquiry was 200-200 and thus a null vote.", "He broke from Rome on good terms, keeping relations with them civil.", "child playing in a pool." ]

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[ "Three people walk down a street in a parade with a woman" ]

[ "Three people without helmets walk down a street", "There is just one pub in Edinburgh.", "Fat woman with bindi, black hair and a gold watch holding a steering wheel in a blue vehicle.", "Sommers said that none of the questions could be addressed.", "The importance of information management lies also with the understanding the information.", "They are outside.", "Harbor food fund, free." ]

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[ "Ca'daan told his Uncle he must speak." ]

[ "Ca'daan doesn't want to speak to his uncle.", "5$ have been given to her by the Utahans.", "I don't think you should think about gas mileage.", "Oh I definitely knew that", "The knowledge that a products design is stable facilitates informed decisions and reduces the risk of costly design changes.", "The concept of accountability for public resources is not inherent in the nation's governing processes", "The soldier is getting his hand shook." ]

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[ "How Golf Course Management Can Improve Your Game Golf course management for a player means understanding how to play the best round possible by using your strengths as a player against the challenges the golf course has to offer. To play winning golf, you must learn to play the course and not worry about what your opponents are doing in their round." ]

[ "- GPS & course planner. GameBook covers 95% of all the golf courses in the world, over 32,500 in total. The majority of these come with GPS coordinates, which allows you to check the distance, plan your next shot and measure your most impressive drives.onnect with your golf buddies, talk trash and compare your stats with others. Plan your next move and measure your shots using GPS yardages and course planner. All this and much more – both on and off the course.", "- A product of forward thinking public officials throughout its acquisition and development era, the County’s golf course system is now, in its maturity, a leading symbol of public and private sector partnership in offering quality golf service operations.", "What Is Turf Made Of? Sports Construction Management is the premier sports field construction company building athletic sports fields and complexes for colleges, universities, town and county recreation and other organizations.", "- According to the 2011 Compensation and Benefits Report from the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America, the average superintendent was 45 years old, managed a crew of 21 and worked 60 hours in the summer and 41 hours in the winter.", "Golf course A golf course is the grounds where the game of golf is played. It comprises a series of holes, each consisting of a teeing ground, a fairway, the rough and other hazards, and a green with a flagstick (pin) and hole (cup). A common standardized type of par-3 course is the Pitch and Putt course, where each of the 9 or 18 holes has a distance from tee to cup of less than 100 yards, with an overall 18-hole course distance no more than 1,200 yards (so each hole averages 67 yards).", "How to Fake a Golf Course-Worthy Lawn Use the Right Tool. The best type of mower to produce golf course quality turf in your home lawn is a reel mower. A reel mower uses a reel and a bedknife to cut the blades of grass like a pair of scissors, unlike a rotary mower which typically has a single blade with a sharpened edge spinning at high velocity that doesn’t cut as cleanly.", "Golf Channel Golf Channel. Golf Channel (originally The Golf Channel from 1995 to 2007) is an American cable and satellite television network owned by the NBC Sports Group subsidiary of NBCUniversal division of Comcast. The channel focuses on coverage of the sport of golf, including live coverage of tournaments, as well as factual and instructional programming .", "Definition of a Golf Club Definition of a Golf Club. A golf club is an organization of at least ten individual members that operates under bylaws with committees (including a Handicap Committee) to supervise golf activities, provide peer review, and maintain the integrity of the USGA Handicap System (see Compliance Checklist, Section 8-2m; Decision 2/7).", "- The primary variables in golf courses are size, layout, sprinkler system, greens, tees, fairways, and bunkers. Costs of courses may vary from $25,000 per hole for a course with minimal improvements to over $250,000 per hole for the best championship courses.The costs given are for average courses in each quality grade.atapult Golf Club – an 18 hole, regulation size golf course, with a stabilized number of rounds of 20,000 per year and a stabilized daily rate of $65.", "Golf Golf. STRI is the world’s leading authority on the design, construction and maintenance of golf greens and courses. We lead the industry in providing advice on the latest techniques, products and machinery to use across your course. Our consultants specialise in delivering quality surfaces for all sizes and types of clients across the world.", "Property management Property management is the operation, control, and oversight of real estate as used in its most broad terms. Management indicates a need to be cared for, monitored and accountability given for its useful life and condition.This is much akin to the role of management in any business.n the Republic of Ireland, there is no legal obligation to form a property management company. However, management companies are generally formed to manage multi-unit developments, and must then follow the general rules of company law in terms of ownership and administration.", "- Program Management is a method to manage related groups of projects. PMI defines it as. “A group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually.", "Golf course handicap calculator - what's my course handicap? For a player with a plus Course Handicap, it is the number of handicap strokes a player gives to adjust the player's scoring ability to the level of scratch or zero-handicap golf. A Course Handicap is determined by applying the player's Handicap Index to a Course Handicap Table or Course Handicap Formula.", "Little Hotelier Resource Hub What is Channel Management? Channel management is the process of managing online distribution channels in order to sell hotel inventory to various agents across the globe. It is the only way to effectively reach a global audience without risking overbookings. Channel management allows you to partner with large agents, such as OTAs, as well as smaller retail agents in different markets.", "- The PGA Golf Management program, a four and a half year college curriculum for aspiring PGA Professionals, is a structured academic program accredited by the PGA of America.", "Golf Course Manager: Salary and Career Facts As a golf course manager, you'd be in charge of supervising and directing all operations at the golf course. This may include hiring and firing personnel as well as training them. You may also coordinate schedules of tournaments, lessons, golf teams and regular tee-off times.", "How Golf Course Management Can Improve Your Game When golfers talk about golf course management, they are usually not speaking about the head PGA professional at the course. Golf course management for a player means understanding how to play the best round possible by using your strengths as a player against the challenges the golf course has to offer.", "Property management Property management. Property management is the operation, control, and oversight of real estate as used in its most broad terms. Management indicates a need to be cared for, monitored and accountability given for its useful life and condition. This is much akin to the role of management in any business. Property management is also the management of personal property, equipment, tooling, and physical capital assets that are acquired and used to build, repair, and maintain end item deliverables. Property management i", "- How Much Can I Earn? Compensation may vary across the country, but the online salary database PayScale.com reported that the middle 50% of golf course managers earned between $32,849-$60,346 as of December 2010.", "âLinks Golf Courseâ - meaning A Links is any rough grassy area between the sea and the land and the word itself is derived from the Anglo-Saxon word 'hlinc', of about 931 AD, meaning a ridge. Later the word was used to denote any common grassy area and today the term 'The Links' is used to refer to any golf course.", "Palaces, Castles and Fortresses Palaces, Castles and Fortresses. Ludwig II not only left his mark he also played a huge role in the fame of Bavarian buildings with his famous fairytale palaces known and loved the world over.", "- In 2014, Indeed reported lower average salaries for golf course general managers in the West, where they made a low of $23,000 in Hawaii and a high of $41,000 in California.", "Golf Course Superintendent Salary Pay by Experience Level for Golf Course Superintendent Pay by Experience for a Golf Course Superintendent has a positive trend. An entry-level Golf Course Superintendent with less than 5 years of experience can expect to earn an average total compensation of C$40,000 based on 10 salaries provided by anonymous users. Average total compensation includes tips, bonus, and overtime pay.", "- A “Slope Rating” is the USGA’s mark that indicates the measurement of the relative difficulty of a course for players who are not scratch golfers compared to the USGACourse Rating (e.g., compared to the difficulty of a course for scratch golfers).", "Acronyms &Abbreviations The Ladies Professional Golf Association is an American organization for female professional golfers. The organization is headquartered in Daytona Beach, Florida, and is best known for running the LPGA Tour, a series of weekly golf tournaments for elite female golfers from around the world from February to December each year. see more ».", "- 1 “A golf course is a living thing that organically changes over time. “ 2 These were spaces meant to be used by people yet designed to weather gracefully and convey a sense of continuity over time.”. “ 3 We wanted it to be an anchor amidst the dunes and waving grasses, perfectly at home in its beautiful setting.”.", "Caffeine Interferes with Absorbing Nutrients After Bariatric Surgery There is little research on caffeine and bariatric surgery. But as you read on, you may wish to rethink that cup of mojo. Remember, our recommendation is no more than eight oz. coffee/tea per day. After gastric bypass, you don’t absorb all of your nutrients. Caffeine may further decrease calcium absorption, which in turn may lead to osteoporosis and increased risk for fractures. Therefore calcium should not be taken with caffeine. Caffeine may also decrease iron absorption.", "What is HOA Management? Homeowner’s Association Management (HOA Management) is an umbrella term that covers a broad range of services.Generically speaking, HOA management refers to the professional management of a homeowner’s association, but, it’s not nearly as simple as it initially sounds; there is a lot that goes into a well managed HOA.ur HOA managers specialize in community management and have years of experience providing a guide for any situation your community may encounter. Additionally, all of our managers are cross-trained so that there is no interrupted service if your manager is unavailable.", "What Is Sports Management? The field of sports management involves working in the business side of the sports industry. Read on to learn more about the different areas of sports management, from sports information to fundraising. Schools offering Education - Sports Management degrees can also be found in these popular choices. Sports management is a broad and highly competitive field that incorporates aspects of many different areas, such as business, marketing and accounting.", "Golf - Meaning of Word Golf In Gaelic the word is 'goilf' and a golf course is 'raon goilf' or 'cùrsa goilf'. A minority of people hold the view that golf is a purely Scottish term, derived from Scots words 'golf', 'golfand' and 'golfing', which mean 'to strike' as in 'to cuff' or 'to drive forward with violence'. It did not become a verb until much later.", "Bridge Resource Management â A New Focus On Watchkeeping 1 Here’s a more official answer:The Bridge Team Management course introduces the concept of a navigation team to ship masters and watch officers and frames their decision making process toward establishing watch conditions during the course of the voyage.", "- Apprenticeship. Staff members of a golf facility who are seeking to become PGA members can do so through a combination of course study and on-the-job mentorship by the club’s head professional.", "Average Salary for Certification: Professional Golf Management (PGA PGM) Program Most Popular Years Experience for Employees with a Professional Golf Management (PGA PGM) Program Certification.", "What Is Project Management? Managing Complex Tasks and People. Opening Day: Your project's complete! Project management is the process of organizing the way that changes are implemented efficiently within an organization. Many businesses achieve their goals by completing projects that contribute to their objectives. Often, projects have a finite length, involve a number of activities and people, and have deadlines and fixed budgets.", "Shingle Creek Resort expansion could start soon with golf course renovation Rosen Hotels & Resorts' planned expansion of its Shingle Creek Resort includes a complete redesign of its golf course by the Arnold Palmer Design Co., a process the company hopes to begin in June, with plans currently under review by Orange County and the South Florida Water Management District.", "- BUYERS: Find golf course real estate on golf courses anywhere. Browse listings from all over the country from one website, with ease and convenience! REALTORS, AGENTS, BROKERS: Reach more buyers with our Nationwide marketing. No where else can you get more exposure for your golf listings!", "What Is Marketing Management? Marketing management is a combination of all the techniques and processes an institution uses to develop and implement its total marketing agenda. Find out more about education and careers in the field of marketing management. Schools offering Marketing Management degrees can also be found in these popular choices.", "Property management (July 2007) Property management is the operation, control, and oversight of real estate as used in its most broad terms. Management indicates a need to be cared for, monitored and accountability given for its useful life and condition. This is much akin to the role of management in any business.", "What Is a Links Style Golf Course? A links golf course is the oldest style of course. The word “links” is derived from ancient Scotland and refers to an area along a coast that often includes sand dunes and few, if any, trees. One reason the game originated on this type of land was because it suited play.", "Property management Property management is the operation, control, and oversight of real estate as used in its most broad terms.Management indicates a need to be cared for, monitored and accountability given for its useful life and condition. This is much akin to the role of management in any business. few states, such as Idaho, Maine, and Vermont do not require property managers to have real estate licenses. Other states, such as Montana, Oregon, and South Carolina, allow property managers to work under a property management license rather than a broker's license.", "- Sport management is an industrious field concerning the business aspects of sports and recreation.", "TPC Sawgrass The TPC Sawgrass is one of the most famous and prestigious country clubs in the US. The TPC Sawgrass offers two championship golf courses – The Stadium Course, Home of The Players Championship (TPC) Golf Tournament, and Dye’s Valley Course (commonly called the Valley Course), host of the Web.com Tour Championship. Also at the TPC Sawgrass is home to the PGA Tour Headquarters and Training Facility.", "Promote Training Welcome to Promote Training. Promote Training is the first eLearning provider dedicated to the Golf industry. Launched in 2015 along with their first eLearning course, “Driving Green Fee Revenues”, the company has introduced a wide range of practically based supervisory and craft level training courses aimed exclusively at the golf industry.", "- Students entering the Golf Course Management program should: 1 Enjoy working with people. 2 Have a basic knowledge of the game of golf. 3 Demonstrate leadership skills. 4 Have good oral and written communication skills. 5 Exhibit flexibility and creativity.", "What is annual operating costs for an 18 hole golf course operating 12 months? All costs associated with the operation of the golf course but excluding the clubhouse. Include all salaries, equipment, supplies (seed, fertilizer, etc.), depreciation, taxes, maintenance, consulting services, annual capital improvements, This is for a regulation 18 hole golf course operating 12 months a year.", "Handicap (golf) Handicap (golf) A golf handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer's potential ability. In stroke play, it is used to calculate a net score from the number of strokes actually played during a competition, thus allowing players of different proficiency to play against each other on somewhat equal terms.", "- For example, a golf course manager at a private resort might earn more than a manager at a small public course. According to the Delaware Valley College, entry-level golf course management positions offer a salary between $30,000 and $40,000.", "Golf stroke mechanics Golf stroke mechanics is the means by which golfers make decisions (selecting clubs, selecting shots) and execute them (making shots) in the sport of golf.For all golfers, it consists of a pre-stroke — in which golfer choose which club they want and their stance — and the actual stroke.The stroke is a complex motion, and there is still disagreement on what constitutes a good golf swing.or all golfers, it consists of a pre-stroke — in which golfer choose which club they want and their stance — and the actual stroke. The stroke is a complex motion, and there is still disagreement on what constitutes a good golf swing.", "Hazard (golf) Hazard (golf) A hazard is an area of a golf course in the sport of golf which provides a difficult obstacle, which may be of two types: (1) water hazards such as lakes and rivers; and (2) man-made hazards such as bunkers. Special rules apply to playing balls that fall in a hazard.", "We Provide The Yacht Care & Boat Management Services You Need. We Provide The Yacht Care & Boat Management Services You Need. Yacht Management is a full-service boatyard and marina equipped to meet all of your boating needs. As a licensed and insured boatyard, Yacht Management's experienced marine team manages all operations at our luxury facility to ensure the highest quality of service. Our yacht management company has been servicing the South Florida community since 1999 at our prestigious facility.", "Project management Project management. Business administration. Management of a business. Project management is the discipline of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria.", "Golf Handicap - CONGU® A golf handicap is a measure of your standard of golf, and allows you to play against other golfers on a fair and equitable basis. It also offers a controlled way of measuring how your golf game is progressing.", "- Each hole challenges a golfer’s ability to fit the shot to the situation, whether it’s how to play a bump-and-run, high fade, lob shot, wind-cheater or, the hardest shot of all, the straight drive. The TPC is a collection of acclaimed golf courses operated by the PGA TOUR. Most of the courses either are or have been hosts for PGA TOUR events. As a subsidiary of the PGA TOUR, the TPC Network holds itself to the same standards of exceptional quality.", "Pint The imperial pint (≈ 568 ml) is used in the United Kingdom and Ireland and to a limited extent in Commonwealth nations.In the United States, two pints are used: a liquid pint (≈ 473 ml) and a less-common dry pint (≈ 551 ml).Each of these pints is one-eighth of its respective gallon but the gallons differ and the imperial pint is about 20% larger than the US liquid pint.he pint /ˈpaɪnt/ (abbreviated as pt or p) is a unit of volume or capacity in both the United States customary and British imperial measurement systems. The British pint is about 20% larger than the American pint since the two systems are not compatible.", "Golf Golf is a club and ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible. Golf, unlike most ball games, cannot and does not utilize a standardized playing area. The game is played on a course with an arranged progression of 18 holes.", "Preparing for a career as a golf course superintendent The majority of these schools also have an official GCSAA student chapter. By participating in a chapter, students receive an understanding of the importance of professionalism, continuing education and other attributes focal in becoming a successful golf course superintendent. Internships. It also is important to intern on a golf course. Many start the profession as a crew member or an assistant superintendent and advance through the ranks of GCSAA superintendent. Some make the extra effort to become a GCSAA Class A superintendent or a GCSAA certified golf course superintendent. Continuing education", "- Evolution of the Term. Over time, the term has become synonymous with golf courses in general. A course might refer to itself as a golf links even though it shares none of the classic characteristics of a links.", "- Executive courses, Thompson said, giving the official NGF definition, ``are courses with total yardage of 4,000-5,200 and a par rating of 58-66 for 18 holes. Golf is a very big business, but it's also highly fragmented, says Joe Beditz, president and CEO of the NGF.", "Learning the Language of Golf SlangWill Make Your Game More Fun Carpet: A common term referring to the Green. Cart Jockey: Cart jockey is a term usually used in reference to a Golf Club staff person whose job it is to manage the course's motorized golf carts. Cat Box: The term Cat box is commonly referred to as a sand bunker.", "- Course Information. The Golf Club at The Resort Details. The Golf Club @ The Resort is a 6,800-yard, 18-hole championship golf course located in a private gated community surrounded by luxury homes and home sites on beautiful Eagle Mountain Lake. The Golf Club @ The Resort is the centerpiece of a 540 acre, master-planned community on the eastern shores of beautiful Eagle Mountain Lake. The Golf Club @ The Resort was designed and created by PGA Professional Bob May.", "Golf Golf is a club and ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible. Golf is one of the few ball games that do not require a standardised playing area. The game is played on a course with an arranged progression of either nine or 18 holes.he goal is to play as few strokes per round as possible. A golfer's score is usually expressed as the difference between the player's number of strokes and the par score. A hole in one (or an ace) occurs when a golfer sinks his ball into the cup with his first stroke from the tee.", "PGA Golf Management Upon completion of all PGA Golf Management Program requirements, graduation from the UCCS College of Business and documentation of eligible employment, students are eligible for election to membership in The PGA of America as a Class A PGA Golf Professional!", "- They are the owners of the Club. Jeff is a former Vermont State Amateur Champion and a local golf icon. He understands that golfers are looking for premier course conditions and works endlessly at providing that service. Larry is considered one the best Golf Course Superintendents in Vermont.", "Handicap (golf) In the United States each officially rated golf course is described by two numbers, the course rating and the slope rating. The course rating of a particular course is a number generally between 67 and 77 that is used to measure the average good score by a scratch golfer on that course.", "- On Course features. The on course features of Golf GameBook are very similar to the types of things you can do on several other golf apps, but with an added focus on the social side of the game and it is this element which is driving many golfers towards this app.Features you can use on course include:n Course features. The on course features of Golf GameBook are very similar to the types of things you can do on several other golf apps, but with an added focus on the social side of the game and it is this element which is driving many golfers towards this app. Features you can use on course include:", "What Is a Links Golf Course? Links and links course are terms that refer to a specific style of golf course whose hallmarks include being built on sandy soil on coastline; being buffeted by strong winds that require deep bunkers to prevent the sand from blowing away; and being completely or largely treeless (more links criteria are listed below).", "- 1 Course Difficulty: To determine the difficulty of a course, you’ll need to look at three numbers provided at all golf courses: the par, course rating, and course slope. 2 The par of a course is the total number of strokes that a course designer assumes it will take a skilled golfer to finish a round, or 18 holes.", "- Choose from over 100,000+ available - ready to play - Golf Courses or create your own in just a few clicks with the included easy to use golf course designer software. Our golf simulator has been uniquely designed to experience the ultimate 3D golf simulation for home, professional and commercial use.", "Golf Golf is a club and ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible. Golf is one of the few ball games that do not require a standardised playing area. The game is played on a course with an arranged progression of either nine or 18 holes.olf is played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual, known as stroke play, or the lowest score on the most individual holes in a complete round by an individual or team, known as match play. Stroke play is the most commonly seen format at all levels.", "- 1 The par of a course is the total number of strokes that a course designer assumes it will take a skilled golfer to finish a round, or 18 holes. 2 The par is usually around 70, or three to five strokes per hole. 3 The course rating and course slope are assigned by the United States Golf Association (USGA).", "Disney World to turn golf courses over to Arnold Palmer group Disney World to turn golf courses over to Arnold Palmer group. August 24, 2011|By Jason Garcia, Orlando Sentinel. After four decades, Walt Disney World is getting out of the golf business. The giant resort said Wednesday it has struck a 20-year-deal to turn over its five golf courses to a group headlined by legendary golfer Arnold Palmer.", "- General Manager, Golf Course Salary. (United States). The average pay for a General Manager, Golf Course is $55,796 per year. A skill in People Management is associated with high pay for this job.", "Colleges With Good Professional Golf Management Programs Midwest Region. The only two Midwestern schools offering a PGA golf management degree are Ferris State University in Big Rapids, Mich., and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Ferris State was the first school to offer the program in 1975.", "- Share to: 1 How to Calculate Your Golf Handicap A golf handicap is a numerical measure of your potential level based on the tees played for a given course. 2 Popular Online MBA Programs A Master's in Business Administration is a highly sought after degree.", "Disney World to turn golf courses over to Arnold Palmer group For Disney, a key attraction is the involvement of Palmer, considered one of the greatest players in the history of professional golf. The resort is banking on the association with Palmer to help set its courses apart in a crowded marketplace and lure more golfers who may have ignored Disney World in the past.", "- Florida Gulf Coast University. PGA Golf Management. The PGA Golf Management program, a four and a half year college curriculum for aspiring PGA Professionals, is a structured academic program accredited by the PGA of America. Florida Gulf Coast University is one of only 18 PGA accredited golf management programs nationally, and the only one in the state of Florida.", "PGA Golf Management Creating the next generation of leaders in the golf industry. Students in the UCCS PGA Golf Management Program will work to satisfy the requirements needed for PGA Membership in conjunction with requirements needed to obtain a Bachelor's degree through the AACSB Accredited UCCS College of Business.", "Golf Course Superintendent Salary A Golf Course Superintendent with mid-career experience which includes employees with 5 to 10 years of experience can expect to earn an average total compensation of C$51,000 based on 16 salaries. An experienced Golf Course Superintendent which includes employees with 10 to 20 years of experience can expect to earn an average total compensation of C$60,000 based on 31 salaries.", "- A “ Slope Rating” is the USGA’s mark that indicates the measurement of the relative difficulty of a course for players who are not scratch golfers compared to the USGA Course Rating (e.g. , compared to the difficulty of a course for scratch golfers).", "Handicap (golf) A golf handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer's lack of ability. In stroke play, it is used to calculate a net score from the number of strokes actually played during a competition, thus allowing players of different proficiency to play against each other on somewhat equal terms.", "Handicap (golf) Main article: Slope rating. In the United States each officially rated golf course is described by two numbers: the course rating and the slope rating. The course rating of a particular course is a number generally between 67 and 77 that is used to measure the average good score by a scratch golfer on that course.", "golf Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Acronyms, Idioms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. golf. n. A game played on a large outdoor course with a series of 9 or 18 holes spaced far apart, the object being to propel a small, hard ball with the use of various clubs into each hole with as few strokes as possible. v. golfed, golf·ing, golfs. v.intr. To play this game: She golfed every day on her vacation.", "Taking Cart Path Relief USGA Golf Rules Clinic. Proper Cart Path Relief. The Fastest way to lower your score is to learn the Rules of Golf. Having a USGA rules book in your bag and understanding them will help your score. The Most common misunderstanding of the rules is how to take free relief from an immovable obstruction such as a Cart Path. A Cart Path is considered an Immovable Obstruction.", "- Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. The Golf Course Superintendents Association of America (GCSAA) is dedicated to serving its members, advancing their profession and enhancing the enjoyment, growth and vitality of the game of golf. Join GCSAA.", "- Hell Bunker on the 14th hole of The Old Course at St. Andrews is a famous golf course hazard. David Cannon / Getty Images. Definition: Many golfers use hazard to mean anything on a golf course that is hazardous to one's score.Thick rough might be called a hazard, a tall tree in the middle of a fairway might be called a hazard.So in common usage among recreational golfers, hazard might be considered as anything on a golf course designed to be penal. But technically, hazards on golf courses fall into only two categories: bunkers and water.ell Bunker on the 14th hole of The Old Course at St. Andrews is a famous golf course hazard. David Cannon / Getty Images. Definition: Many golfers use hazard to mean anything on a golf course that is hazardous to one's score.", "What does a Head Golf Professional do? A head golf professional manages a large portion of the routine functions associated with a private or a public golf course. Generally, she may hire staff, create a budget, and host tournaments. If a golf course has a pro shop or snack bar, she may be responsible for creating revenue at the shop or snack bar as well.", "Course Management in Golf is the Key to Low Scores. There are only 3 steps to proper course management in golf : 1. Know Your Playing Style-Playing styles reveal what your overall mindset is as a player. I developed these insights after years of noticing how my clients played.", "- Trimmer efficiency. No professional grounds manager can provide a quality mowing job without employing the additional use of spin trimmers. These devices have become integral tools for the commercial landscaper, golf-course superintendent and grounds manager. However, despite their regular use, many turf managers don't use their trimmers efficiently.", "Ship Sticks Ship Sticks uses an online interface that enables the user to select from partner pre-loaded golf courses (such as Bandon Dunes, Grand del Mar or PGA National). This in turn enables quicker pick-ups and drop-offs from these partner courses.", "Hazard (golf) Lorena Ochoa plays a bunker shot. A hazard is an area of a golf course in the sport of golf which provides a difficult obstacle, which may be of two types: (1) water hazards such as lakes and rivers; and (2) man-made hazards such as bunkers.Special rules apply to playing balls that fall in a hazard.or example, a player may not touch the ground with his club before playing a ball, not even for a practice swing. A ball in any hazard may be played as it lies without penalty. If it cannot be played from the hazard, the ball may be hit from another location, generally with a penalty of one stroke.", "What is HOA Management? What is HOA Management? Homeowner’s Association Management (HOA Management) is an umbrella term that covers a broad range of services. Generically speaking, HOA management refers to the professional management of a homeowner’s association, but, it’s not nearly as simple as it initially sounds; there is a lot that goes into a well managed HOA.", "Golf course A standard round of golf consists of 18 holes. Most courses contain 18 holes; some share fairways or greens, and a subset has nine holes, played twice per round. Par-3 courses consist of nine or 18 holes all of which have a par of three strokes. Many older courses are links, often coastal.", "Golf Course Terms Our glossary of golf course terms is one part of our larger Glossary of Golf Terms. If you need the definition of golf course term, check the list below, which includes terms relating to architecture, maintenance, turfgrasses, course setup and other golf course terms. If you are looking for more general golf terms, visit the main golf glossary index.", "Project management Project management is the discipline of carefully projecting or planning, organizing, motivating and controlling resources to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria.raditionally, project management includes a number of elements: four to five process groups, and a control system. Regardless of the methodology or terminology used, the same basic project management processes will be used.", "- Management planning is the process of looking at a company's goals and creating a plan. The basic step in the process is creating a road map to meet its goals. Local", "Golf Wang Golf Wang. Golf Wang, or Golf, is an American clothing company started in 2010 by rapper Tyler, the Creator of the hip-hop collective Odd Future. The company sells clothing, which is designed by Tyler. The name is a spoonerism of Wolf Gang. Collections are usually released twice a year, for Spring/Summer and for Fall/Winter.", "Course Management in Golf is the Key to Low Scores. Course management in golf-How many times have you heard this before: You have to manage your game. It is essential to playing good golf.. Or You have to think your way around the course.. The average player is least likely to employ these suggestions.", "- Definition. Project management is the application of processes, methods, knowledge, skills and experience to achieve the project objectives. General. A project is a unique, transient endeavour, undertaken to achieve planned objectives, which could be defined in terms of outputs, outcomes or benefits.roject management is the application of processes, methods, knowledge, skills and experience to achieve the project objectives.", "GREG NORMAN AND THE GOLF CLUB TEAM UP Greg Norman Golf Course Design, one of the world’s leading golf course design companies, will apply the extensive features of The Golf Club’s course designer software for some of their real-world golf course design projects and developments.", "Handicap (golf) The course rating is not used to determine a course handicap. The result is rounded to the nearest whole number. The course handicap is the number of strokes to be deducted from the golfer's gross score to determine the net score.", "- When you book a tee time at any of our four courses, you’ll experience the characteristic beauty and benefits that continue to rake in the accolades for Disney Golf. Arnold Palmer Golf Management operates Walt Disney World® Golf courses in the true spirit of Arnold Palmer – with pride, consideration and honor. Our team works diligently to create great club and golf experiences for every member, and every guest, every day.", "Walt Disney World Golf Courses Walt Disney World Golf Courses. Walt Disney World has three outstanding championship golf courses (These courses were part of the PGA Tour for 42 years from 1971 -2012) and a par-36 walking course. Walt Disney World golf courses are run by Arnold Palmer Golf Management.", "What does a Head Golf Professional do? Overseeing the routine functions of the golf course is expected of many head golf professionals. For example, the professional may oversee the enforcement of golf course regulations and rules through the use of golf course marshals or rangers.", "- Job Description of a General Manager for a Golf Course by Ian Linton General managers are responsible for the profitable operation of public and private golf courses.", "- 1 Putting green: The putting green, or green, is where the hole for each fairway is located. 2 Hazards: Also called traps, hazards are purposely-placed elements that are designed to be especially difficult to get a golf ball out of. 3 Common hazards include sand traps and bodies of water.. Know the object of the game. The object of golf is to strike the golf ball with a long-handled instrument called a club and guide it into each hole on the course in order. A number of holes, usually 9 or 18, are played and the final results are tallied after the last player has sunk the ball in the final hole.", "- Lorena Ochoa plays a bunker shot. A hazard is an area of a golf course in the sport of golf which provides a difficult obstacle, which may be of two types: (1) water hazards such as lakes and rivers; and (2) man-made hazards such as bunkers. Special rules apply to playing balls that fall in a hazard.", "Golf Cruises Golf Cruises - what is there, for whom, how much? Golf cruises are pretty specific- they accommodate both professionals and amateurs. Take on the best of world’s golf courses! You may also choose to have light hearted rounds of on-board mini-golf while enjoying the relaxation of vacation. Golf voyages are a challenging way to improve on game.", "Qualified Intermediaries/Withholding Foreign Partnerships/Withholding Foreign Trusts To apply for a waiver, you must submit the following items: 1 Written letter that explains why you are requesting a waiver. 2 Completed and signed Financial Status Report form. 3 Mail your waiver and your completed and signed Financial Status Report form to:", "AirSafe.com Risk management is the process of combining a risk assessment with decisions on how to address that risk, and doing so in ways that consider the technical and social aspects of the risk assessment. Risk management is part of a larger decision process that considers the technical and social aspects of the risk situation.", "What Is a Golf Handicap? Defining a Course Handicap. A Course Handicap is the number of handicap strokes a player receives on a certain course for specific holes. It is used to adjust the player's scoring ability to the level of a scratch player on a particular golf course.", "- Based on a report from the Golf Course Superintendent Association of America, an 18-hole golf facility, which includes bodies of water, hard structures and out-of-play areas, averages about 150 to 200 acres. Typical urban golf courses are about 110 to 120 acres, while courses in resort areas may be 170 to 190 acres.", "- When first looking at a golf course construction budget we believe it is helpful to consider the cost breakdown among the golf course, building improvements, equipment, and soft costs.olf course construction includes grading and site preparation costs, and grow-in (also known as maturation). As an example, assume that the total project costs are $14 million, based on typical ratios, approx- 25% to 30% Buildings & Equip.", "How Some Would Level the Playing Field: Free Harvard Degrees Should Harvard be free? That is the provocative question posed by a slate of candidates running for the Board of Overseers at Harvard, which helps set strategy for the university. They say Harvard makes so much money from its $37.6 billion endowment that it should stop charging tuition to undergraduates.", "Top 10 Questions About Course Rating The MGA is required to re-rate a golf course within a 10-year period. All newly constructed golf courses often change due to their maturity. Therefore, the MGA rates these courses 2-3 times within the first 10 years to account for these changes.", "Property management Property management is the operation, control, and oversight of real estate as used in its most broad terms. Management indicates a need to be cared for, monitored and accountability given for its useful life and condition.roperty management is the operation, control, and oversight of real estate as used in its most broad terms. Management indicates a need to be cared for, monitored and accountability given for its useful life and condition.", "The Average Salary of a Golf Course Superintendent According to the 2011 Compensation and Benefits Report from the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America, the average superintendent was 45 years old, managed a crew of 21 and worked 60 hours in the summer and 41 hours in the winter. Most had 15 years of experience at their jobs.", "- The PGA TOUR is synonymous the highest order of professional golf – and it’s among the most respected organizations in professional sports worldwide. As a subsidiary of the PGA TOUR, the TPC Network holds itself to these same standards of exceptional quality. It’s our mission to maintain the absolute best golf courses and facilities found anywhere – the ones that are most ideal to host PGA TOUR tournaments and events.", "- Frequently makes emergency repairs on the golf course. Must have minimum of 2 years experience in a golf course maintenance shop....", "Definition of a Golf Club Each golf club must determine its type. A golf club is one of three (3) types: It is located at a single specific golf course with a valid USGA Course RatingT and USGA Slope Rating® where a majority of the club's events are played and the club's scoring records reside; or.", "What Is Hospitality Management? Hospitality management is the management of hotels, bed and breakfasts, resorts, cruise ships and other hospitality services. It involves overseeing the operations as well as attending to guest... Hospitality management is the management of hotels, bed and breakfasts, resorts, cruise ships and other hospitality services. It involves overseeing the operations as well as attending to guest needs. Because hospitality management is a growing field, there are a number of schools with specific programs for graduates. A typical course of study in this field would include personnel management, marketing, business administration and customer service. Students would then further be able to specialize in a specific focus of hospitality management, such as casino management or resort management. A typical course of study is 4 years, at which time graduates receive a Bachelor's degree. However, some colleges offer a hospitality management Associate's degree as well as a Master's degree.", "Project management Project management is the discipline of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria at the specified time. A project is a temporary endeavor designed to produce a unique product, service or result with a defined beginning and end undertaken to meet unique goals and objectives, typically to bring about beneficial change or added value. The temporary nature of projects stands in contrast with business as", "- Chronogolf Pro provides online golf course management software to golf courses with powerful tee-sheet, POS, online reservation, member management & more! Find tee times About Chronogolf", "Professional golf tours Professional golf tours. Professional golf tours are the means by which otherwise unconnected professional golf tournaments are organised into a regular schedule. There are separate tours for men and women with each tour being based in a specific geographical region, although some tours may hold tournaments in other parts of the world.", "- The actual construction time for a Golf Course from ground-breaking to opening can be from 10 months to 24 months, which depends mainly on the type of Golf Course, weather conditions, amount of equipment used etc.", "- Tournament Manager is a tool developed for British Tennis Members by the Lawn Tennis Association (LTA). It's a powerful yet simple app for running your tennis competitions.Ideal for coaches, tournament organisers and any player wanting to run a simple ungraded tournament (graded tournaments coming soon).Tunes is the world's easiest way to organize and add to your digital media collection. We are unable to find iTunes on your computer. To download the free app LTA Tournament Manager by LTA, get iTunes now.", "Golf Golf is a club and ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible. Golf is one of the few ball games that do not require a standardised playing area. The game is played on a course with an arranged progression of either nine or 18 holes.he total distance from the first tee box to the 18th green can be quite long; total yardages through the green can be in excess of 7000 yards, and when adding in the travel distance between the green of one hole and the tee of the next, even skilled players may easily travel five miles or more during a round.", "- The Golf Examples are a set of example SCORM courses that build on each other to demonstrate the creation of SCORM conformant content.hese first examples demonstrate the content packaging aspect of SCORM. They are not intended to be fully functional courses, rather they simply demonstrate the proper way to create an imsmanifest.xml file, add metadata and package the course.", "- Program management or programme management is the process of managing several related projects, often with the intention of improving an organization's performance. In practice and in its aims it is often closely related to systems engineering and industrial engineering.", "- 115th United States Congress: Women Are Still a Minority. 1 In the House of Representatives, women hold just 83 (19.1%) of the 435 seats.4. 2 In the Senate, women hold just 21 (21%) of the 100 seats.5.", "Golf Course With four sets of tees, the course provides competitive and challenging golf for players of all levels. Each hole commands its own set of skills uniting with their beauty and serenity to impart a truly rewarding and enjoyable day of golf.", "- By David L. Wienecke, USGA Green Section. Putting-greens management is the key to being a successful golf course superintendent. The putting greens are your business card and resume. But focusing on greens speed alone can kill your greens and your job.Instead, follow this step-by-step procedure for developing a comprehensive greens management program that will result in great putting greens without scalping them to death.ut focusing on greens speed alone can kill your greens and your job. Instead, follow this step-by-step procedure for developing a comprehensive greens management program that will result in great putting greens without scalping them to death.", "- Experience: One year of experience as a golf marshal or golf instructor; or, one year of experience in golf course care and maintenance; or, two years of membership in an organized golf club that uses the United States Golf Association (U.S.G.A.) handicapping system.xperience: One year of experience as a golf marshal or golf instructor; or, one year of experience in golf course care and maintenance; or, two years of membership in an organized golf club that uses the United States Golf Association (U.S.G.A.) handicapping system.", "- The Golf Course Management program prepares students for positions as managers and assistant managers of both public and private golf courses.", "championshipsU.S. Women's OpenU.S. OpenU.S. Senior OpenU.S. Senior Women's OpenU.S. Women's Amateur Four-BallU.S. Amateur Four-BallCurtis CupU.S. Girls' JuniorU.S. Junior AmateurU.S. Women's AmateurU.S. AmateurU.S. Senior AmateurU.S. Mid-AmateurU.S. Women's Mid-AmateurU.S. Senior Women's AmateurWalker CupmoreSchedule & TicketsApply to PlayRecords & MilestonesWORLD AMATEUR GOLF RANKINGSVideo PLAYING THE GAMERULESRules and DecisionsEducation2019: Golf's New RulesAmateur StatusHandicappingThe USGA Handicap System?Course Handicap? CalculatorCourse Rating and Slope Database?World Handicap System?Equipment CommunityDrive, Chip and PuttThe First TeeLPGA/USGA Girls GolfAdaptive GolfAllied Golf AssociationsPLAY9advancing the gameCOURSE CAREResearch, Science & InnovationSTEMLearn MoreGolf faces challenges and opportunities that are vital to its long-term health. See what the USGA is doing to ensure a strong future for the game.USGA Water Resource Center Challenge Statement: Inspiration for the Golf IndustryCelebrating The GameUSGA GOLF MUSEUMAWARDS & HONORSLearn MoreThe USGA promotes and conserves the true spirit of the game of golf as embodied in its ancient and honorable traditions. It acts in the best interests of the game for the continued enjoyment of those who love and play it.Great Moments: Tiger and The Global Game Design Philosophy From Female Golf Course ArchitectsUSGA FOUNDATIONUSGA FOUNDATION HOMEUSGA MEMBERS HOMEJOIN THE USGARENEWMAKE A DONATIONticketsU.S. Open U.S. Women's Open U.S. Senior Open U.S. AmateurShopOFFICIAL MERCHANDISECARDS & STATIONERYUSGA PUBLICATIONSPHOTO STOREmore Q. What does a Course Handicap represent? A. A Course Handicap represents the number of strokes needed to play to the level of a scratch golferor the Course Rating of a particular set of tees. A Course Handicap is expressed as a whole number (e.g. 12). Course Handicap is determined by using charts located at the golf course where the round is to be played.", "- Golf course maintenance is a big part of every facility’s budget. Therefore, it will be a major topic in business operations. Your location greatly affects which type of turf grass is best suited for your facility. Therefore, for this discussion, we will categorize turf grass types for different climate zones.", "- The chart illustrates that actual construction of the golf. course typically accounts for 50 to 55 percent of the total. cost (excluding land). Golf course construction includes. grading and site preparation costs, and grow-in (also.", "- FOR SALE BY OWNERS: We can help you sell your golf course home or lot! GOLF COURSE INFORMATION: The information included here can help you make an educated decision about purchasing property on or near a golf course. We have included a map and course information for most of our golf courses.", "Golf Courses Per Capita Ranking Golf Courses Per Capita Ranking. Golf Courses Per Capita is the number of golf courses in each state divided by the population number of each state. Due to miniscule percentages we have decided to rank this statistic from 1-50. The number one ranking shows the state that has the most golf courses per citizen. The last state in the ranking has the least number of golf courses per citizen. To calculate this percentage we took the number of golf courses each state has and divided it by their population number.", "- Students entering the Golf Course Management program should: 1 Enjoy working with people. 2 Have a basic knowledge of the game of golf. 3 Demonstrate leadership skills. 4 Have good oral and written communication skills. 5 Exhibit flexibility and creativity. 6 Have good organization skills.", "- A club general manager is responsible for the day-to-day management of their facility. They must feel comfortable in a diverse range of settings, including talking to club members, maintaining the grounds, and working inside the office. club general manager is responsible for the day-to-day management of their facility. They must feel comfortable in a diverse range of settings, including talking to club members, maintaining the grounds, and working inside the office.", "What is HOA Management? What is HOA Management? Homeowner’s Association Management (HOA Management) is an umbrella term that covers a broad range of services. When deciding whether professional HOA Management is right for your HOA community, it is important to consider the broad spectrum of work that must be executed on a daily basis.", "- and golf course mechanics can make $35,000 to $40,000 a year on a flat-rate job, according to Tinker Clift, department chairman of the golf course and turfgrass management tech-", "Topgolf eyes Northwest Arkansas location For those who aren’t familiar, Top Golf is sort of a hybrid between an advanced driving range and a restaurant/sports bar/night club. Players hit golf balls containing microchips that track their shot’s accuracy and distance. Points are awarded for hitting targets in the outfield.", "The Web's Only Comprehensive Golf Membership Directory TheGolfMembershipSpot is the number one source of information on golf and country club memberships available throughout the country. Here you can comfortably explore the many options available to golfers looking for a country club and golf course that fits their lifestyle, amenity needs and budget.", "- What is Sports Management? Sports management is a field of education concerning the sports industry which offers employment opportunities for management, marketing, and supervisory professionals on all levels. Groups employing sports management professionals include: Academic institutions.", "Indoor golf Golf simulator. Projector-based golf simulator. A golf simulator allows golf to be played on a graphically or photographically simulated driving range or golf course, usually in an indoor setting. It is a technical system used by some golfers to continue their sport regardless of weather and time of day in a converted premises.", "What Is the Average Golf Handicap in America? Course Rating. The course rating is the score that denotes what a scratch golfer would be expected to shoot on the round from those tees. The rating number is always close to par for the course. On an easier course, the number will be below par. On a more difficult course, it will be higher.", "What Is a Bunker on a Golf Course? Definition: A bunker is a golf course hazard that is a hole or depression in the ground filled in with sand (or a similar material). Bunkers vary greatly in size and shape and depth. They are most commonly found serving as greenside hazards, but also often show up in fairways and alongside fairways.", "United States of America Book a HotelInOutCheck RatesUnderstandGeography Climate History Government and politics Culture Holidays Units of measure Electricity For more informationGet inLaw and bureaucracy Planning and pre-arrival documentation Arriving in the United States By plane By car By bus By boat By train By footGet aroundBy plane By train By boat By car By bus By recreational vehicle (RV) By motorcycle By thumb 5-1-1SeeNatural scenery Historical attractions Monuments and architecture Museums and galleries ItinerariesDo BuyMoney Currency exchange and banking Credit and debit cards Gift cards Sales tax Places for shopping Major U.S. retail chains Costs Tipping Comics and cartoonsEatTypes of restaurants Types of service Types of food Etiquette SmokingSleep Stay SafePolice Texting and driving 911 Emergency services Border Patrol Natural disasters Gay and lesbian Illicit drugs Racism Islam Curfew Animals Prostitution Firearms We have the largest golf course savings network in North America with courses in all 50 states and all Canadian provinces. Participate in one of 100 local Golf Card Grasshopper clubs for tournament golf, fun social outings, and travel vacations. For use in identifying you to affiliated courses as a member of Golf Card International.", "- White Paper – Golf Cart Tracking 3 1 Industry Background 1.1 Market Needs Golf cart fleets require ongoing maintenance and monitoring. If properly maintained, they can be very reliable and provide years of service. But, without the right systems in place, managing an entire fleet of carts can be a burdensome task. Golfers can enter/exit restricted locations on the course, batteries can", "Property management Property management is the operation, control, and oversight of real estate as used in its most broad terms. Management indicates a need to be cared for, monitored and accountability given for its useful life and condition. This is much akin to the role of management in any business.", "- American Golf Corporation Company Profile. You might say this company knows to stay out of the rough. American Golf Corporation (AGC) is one of the largest golf course management firms in the world with more than 95 public, private, and resort properties.", "Professional Golf Management Degree Bachelor's Degree Professional Golf Management About 50 percent of the overall study in the professional golf management degree program is in business, 30 percent in general studies and 20 percent in courses related to golf management.", "What does a Head Golf Professional do? One of the main duties of the head golf professional is to oversee and manage other staff members at the golf course. For example, she may be responsible for golf cart attendants, pro shop attendants, golf course marshals, snack bar staff, and golf cart mechanics.", "- 1 Programme management (ProgM) is concerned with management of a client’s portfolio (the programme, in this sense, is equivalent to a client’s brief) or (in the UK) managing time in a project. 2 Project control (PC) is the tracking and reporting of the progress, time, cost and quality of a project.", "- Our collective vision is to maintain a welcoming community of active residents living in harmony with the privately owned golf course and within a beautiful, healthy, safe, natural and socially inclusive environment.", "- PGA Golf Management. The PGA Golf Management program, a four and a half year college curriculum for aspiring PGA Professionals, is a structured academic program accredited by the PGA of America.", "- When you book a tee time at any of our four courses, you’ll experience the characteristic beauty and benefits that continue to rake in the accolades for Disney Golf. Arnold Palmer Golf Management operates Walt Disney World® Golf courses in the true spirit of Arnold Palmer – with pride, consideration and honor.", "âLinks Golf Courseâ - meaning A 'links golf course' refers to the type of soil and terrain on which it is built. Only 92 of the golf courses in Scotland (17%) are true links courses, though this includes most of the historic courses. Another 5% of Scottish courses are coastal with some properties of 'links' courses and moorland vegetation.", "- In addition, maintenance costs usually run between $250,000 and $650,000 annually, plus club operations and golf cart fleets. Costs will vary depending upon the type of facility constructed, terrain and soil conditions, climate and development goals of the project.t must be emphasized that the cost of developing a golf course is separate from other factors such as the cost of the land, clubhouse, entry road and parking lots, other support facilities, the golf course architect and other necessary professional fees.", "Course Rating⢠Primer Course Rating™ Primer. The USGA Course Rating System™ is the standard upon which the USGA Handicap System™ is built. It affects all golfers in the calculation of a Handicap Index®. Players play to their handicaps, when their net scores (gross score-handicap strokes) equal the USGA Course Rating™.", "What we do: Aspire Golf consulting services help your facility be the best it can be by simultaneously enhancing operations and minimizing costs. We recognize, uncover, and maximize your course’s potential across the board including turf management, personnel, maintenance operation, and special events preparation. What we do:", "Walt Disney World Golf Courses General Disney Golf Information. Walt Disney World has three outstanding championship golf courses (These courses were part of the PGA Tour for 42 years from 1971 -2012) and a par-36 walking course.", "Program management Program management. Program management or programme management is the process of managing several related projects, often with the intention of improving an organization's performance. In practice and in its aims it is often closely related to systems engineering, industrial engineering, change management, and business transformation. The program manager has oversight of the purpose and status of the projects in a program and can use this oversight to support project-level activity to ensure the program goals are m", "Preparing for a career as a golf course superintendent Preparing for a career as a golf course superintendent. Golf facilities are complex business operations. Superintendents need much more than just technical ability. Formal education in plant sciences, landscaping, business management, personnel administration and public relations is essential. GCSAA superintendents also are encouraged to learn to play the game of golf. Golf course management carries a variety of responsibilities. Superintendents enjoy an attractive employment setting with frequent opportunities to be outdoors on the golf course. The profession is highly competitive.", "France Based on a report from the Golf Course Superintendent Association of America, an 18-hole golf facility, which includes bodies of water, hard structures and out-of-play areas, averages about 150 to 200 acres. Typical urban golf courses are about 110 to 120 acres, while courses in resort areas may be 170 to 190 acres.bout 29 percent of a golf course is dedicated to the fairway. The Golf Course Superintendent Association of America estimates that 31.9 acres is needed for fairways.", "Golf Fundraising Ideas Ideas for Managing Your Golf Tournament. Before you begin registering golfers and requesting online donations and sponsorship fees, you'll want to create a plan of action for how you'll manage your charity golf tournament.You may want to read how to organize a golf tournament for step-by-step planning guidelines.You may also want to consider implementing golf tournament software to help you manage all the details of your golf tournament event including: 1 Online golfer and team registration, team pairings.efore you begin registering golfers and requesting online donations and sponsorship fees, you'll want to create a plan of action for how you'll manage your charity golf tournament. You may want to read how to organize a golf tournament for step-by-step planning guidelines.", "- Description. Tournament Manager is a tool developed for British Tennis Members by the Lawn Tennis Association (LTA). It's a powerful yet simple app for running your tennis competitions. Ideal for coaches, tournament organisers and any player wanting to run a simple ungraded tournament (graded tournaments coming soon).Tunes is the world's easiest way to organize and add to your digital media collection. We are unable to find iTunes on your computer. To download the free app LTA Tournament Manager by LTA, get iTunes now.", "What is Turf Management? What is Turf Management? Cultivate your career with the science of managing turf and the art of managing people and organizations. Practical skills, valued credentials, and new career insights and opportunities await you. The Turf Management option prepares undergraduates for challenging careers in turfgrass management or advanced studies in turfgrass science.", "- Other Navy engineers may enter the civilian sector, with its high demand for engineers in all fields. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts an 11 percent jump in civilian and government engineering jobs from 2008 to 2018.esponsibilities. A Navy engineer’s duties depend on his field. Civil engineers design ships, serve as liaisons between the Navy and civilian contractors, budget public works projects on bases and supervise enlisted construction workers.", "Golf Course Manager: Salary and Career Facts You can also locate certificate programs in golf course management, which may last a few weeks to a few years. Many of the degree and certificate programs provide internships lasting several months, through which you can put your knowledge to use at an actual golf course.", "The Difference Between Yellow & Red Stakes in Golf Areas of the golf course containing water, or areas that normally contain water, are typically designated as water hazards. Common water hazards include ponds or small lakes, but a drainage ditch will also be considered a water hazard if it normally contains water, even if the ditch is dry on a particular day.", "How Much Money Do Independent Customs Brokers Make? In 2014, Indeed reported lower average salaries for golf course general managers in the West, where they made a low of $23,000 in Hawaii and a high of $41,000 in California. Those in Maine and New York earned $33,000 to $46,000 in Maine and New York, respectively -- the lowest and highest salaries in the Northeast.", "What Is the Difference Between a Municipal & a Public Golf Course? Municipal courses are owned and/or managed by the city, town or county. Public courses are owned by individuals, real estate development companies, partnerships or corporations. Public courses may be owned by one entity and managed by another.", "Golf Golf is a club and ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible. Golf is one of the few ball games that do not require a standardised playing area. The game is played on a course with an arranged progression of either nine or 18 holes.Each hole on the course must contain a tee box to start from, and a putting green containing the actual hole. golf course consists of either 9 or 18 holes, each with a teeing ground that is set off by two markers showing the bounds of the legal tee area, fairway, rough and other hazards, and the putting green surrounded by the fringe with the pin (normally a flagstick) and cup.", "- The figure is used when calculating handicaps. The Course Rating is a number, close to par for the course, and is expressed with a single decimal digit. For example: If par for a course is 72, it's Course Rating might be 71.4. Rating values go up with difficulty. Actually, for any given golf course, you can expect to see three (or even more) values for the Course Rating. Each value corresponds to a different tee.", "- A Course Handicap represents the number of strokes needed to play to the level of a scratch golfer - or the Course Rating of a particular set of tees. A Course Handicap is expressed as a whole number (e.g. 10). To get your Course Handicap, take the Handicap Index and multiply it by the slope rating of the tees played.", "- Tweet. : the number of strokes a good golfer is expected to take to finish a golf hole or course. business: the value of a stock or bond that is printed on the paper of the stock or bond itself or that is decided upon when the stock or bond is issued.weet. : the number of strokes a good golfer is expected to take to finish a golf hole or course. business: the value of a stock or bond that is printed on the paper of the stock or bond itself or that is decided upon when the stock or bond is issued.", "- A 'hazard' is any bunker or water hazard.. A ball is considered to be in a hazard when any part of the ball touches that hazard (in other words, the ball doesn't have to be fully inside the boundary of a bunker or water hazard to be considered in that hazard).ell Bunker on the 14th hole of The Old Course at St. Andrews is a famous golf course hazard. David Cannon / Getty Images. Definition: Many golfers use hazard to mean anything on a golf course that is hazardous to one's score.", "The Average Salary of a Golf Course Superintendent They maintain the turf by hiring the labor, managing the budget and coordinating material resources. They have to take into account the natural environment, climate and local fauna to maintain the turf. They communicate frequently with golf course management, golfers, vendors, suppliers and golf course architects. Basics According to the 2011 Compensation and Benefits Report from the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America, the average superintendent was 45 years old, managed a crew of 21 and worked 60 hours in the summer and 41 hours in the winter. Most had 15 years of experience at their jobs.", "- A “Slope Rating” is the USGA’s mark that indicates the measurement of the relative difficulty of a course for players who are not scratch golfers compared to the USGA Course Rating (e.g., compared to the difficulty of a course for scratch golfers).", "Notice to Schedule (NTS) The Notice to Schedule is good for only six (6) months. If you do not take the selected sections by the expiration date, you must submit a Re-Exam application and pay the appropriate fees in order to continue the testing process. Notice to Schedule Not Received", "- Insights to the Industry. A collection of real-life stories and anecdotes from the service industry to provoke thought and action. This is the perfect book for golf club managers. This book is available for $19.95 by contacting our national office at 1-772-335-3820 or email your request to info@usgolfmanagers.com.", "- The main purpose of a golf course is, naturally, the playing of golf and the enjoyment that participants derive from it. Without. golfers, there is no need for a course or course director. In order to satisfy customers and. advance the golf industry, golf professionals need to challenge many aspects of golf.", "Golf Handicap â The Complete Beginnerâs Guide The USGA rates the difficulty of every golf course in the country with a course rating. Unlike the par of a golf course, which is the sum of the strokes with which an above average golfer should finish, the Course Rating is an average score calculated after multiple golfers have played multiple rounds on the course. The higher the Course Rating, the more difficult the course.", "- Golf Academy. The Academy at the Windham Country Club offers the V1 Professional Digital Coaching System, the #1 video analysis software in sports. The preferred system of Teaching and Touring Professionals, V1 allows the professional to view, analyze and diagnose your swing faults from different angles.", "Interior Designer Salary Average Golf Club Managers in the United States make around $41K annually. Earnings generally vary between $24K and $85K per year. The majority of workers are highly satisfied with their job. Medical benefits are awarded to more than half, and about a third earn dental coverage.", "Definitions &Translations Program management. Program management or programme management is the process of managing several related projects, often with the intention of improving an organization's performance. In practice and in its aims it is often closely related to systems engineering and industrial engineering.", "The Web's Only Comprehensive Golf Membership Directory TheGolfMembershipSpot is the number one source of information on golf and country club memberships available throughout the country. Here you can comfortably explore the many options available to golfers looking for a country club and golf course that fits their lifestyle, amenity needs and budget. TheGolfMembershipSpot directory includes thousands of golf & country clubs offering regional, national and corporate golf membership opportunities.", "Project management Project management is the discipline of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria.", "Golf Course Manager: Salary and Career Facts The salary can also depend upon the golf course's status as either public or private, the size of the course and the amount of business it receives. You may be able to make extra money if you teach lessons to guests of the course.", "- A golf handicap is a numerical measure of a golfer's potential ability. In stroke play, it is used to calculate a net score from the number of strokes actually played during a competition, thus allowing players of different proficiency to play against each other on somewhat equal terms.", "- Nicklaus Tournament Resort Course Some golf courses stand alone in their splendor. The Nicklaus Tournament is one of the only designs anywhere to offer two island greens, one a par three, one a par five.The course is a confluence of deeply sloping terrain, undulating greens and wide-angle mountainous views.ome golf courses stand alone in their splendor. The Nicklaus Tournament is one of the only designs anywhere to offer two island greens, one a par three, one a par five.", "What is 'Property Management' Property Management. What is 'Property Management'. Property management is the administration of residential, commercial and industrial real estate including apartments, detached houses, condominium units and shopping centers. Property management typically involves the managing of property that is owned by another party or entity.", "- Golf Driving Range Business Plan. Financial Plan. 1 A growth rate in sales of 5% for the year 2005, to $786,000 in total revenues. An average sales per business day (340 days per year) in excess of $2,300.", "- Compensation may vary across the country, but the online salary database PayScale.com reported that the middle 50% of golf course managers earned between $32,849-$60,346 as of December 2010.", "Preparing for a career as a golf course superintendent Preparing for a career as a golf course superintendent Golf facilities are complex business operations. Superintendents need much more than just technical ability.", "- CLUB MANAGER ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE. The Club General Manager takes direction from the President of Resort & Golf Services as well as works closely with the... 27 days ago-save job-email-more... 1 View all J.F. Shea Co., Inc. jobs in Nipomo, CA-Nipomo jobs. 2 Salary Search: Club General Manager salaries in Nipomo, CA.", "- General Manager, Golf Course Salary. (United States). The average pay for a General Manager, Golf Course is $55,796 per year. A skill in People Management is associated with high pay for this job. Experience has a moderate effect on salary for this job.", "- The average pay for a General Manager, Golf Course is $55,796 per year. A skill in People Management is associated with high pay for this job. Experience has a moderate effect on salary for this job." ]

[ 3.5214800835 ]

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[ "WordPerfect and Lotus are all that I've used at this point." ]

[ "No, I've never tried Lotus or Wordperfect before.", "Two people stand together, listening to music coming from a large boombox.", "FEMA knew they were the best at performance, so they didn't need to reevaluate their process.", "There are people going up an elevator.", "Two dogs are playing together.", "The woman in a white helmet is climbing trees.", "A man poses with his red VW bug." ]

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[ "మంచాల (చేబ్రోలు మండలం)\nమంచాల, గుంటూరు జిల్లా, చేబ్రోలు మండలానికి చెందిన గ్రామము. ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన చేబ్రోలు నుండి 4 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన గుంటూరు నుండి 16 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 555 ఇళ్లతో, 1939 జనాభాతో 317 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 973, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 966. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 6 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 214. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 590309[1].పిన్ కోడ్: 522212. ఎస్.టి.డి.కోడ్ = 08644." ]

[ "పారుమంచాల\n2001 వ.సంవత్సరం జనాభా లెక్కల ప్రకారం గ్రామ జనాభా 4,773.[3] ఇందులో పురుషుల సంఖ్య 2,451, స్త్రీల సంఖ్య 2,322, గ్రామంలో నివాస గృహాలు 1,031 ఉన్నాయి.", "మిట్టాలపల్లె\nమిట్టాలపల్లె, కర్నూలు జిల్లా, ఆళ్లగడ్డ మండలానికి చెందిన గ్రామము.[1]. పిన్ కోడ్: 518 543.ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన ఆళ్లగడ్డ నుండి 16 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన నంద్యాల నుండి 52 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 405 ఇళ్లతో, 1652 జనాభాతో 2414 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 836, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 816. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 534 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 0. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 594548[2].పిన్ కోడ్: 518543.", "మంచాల (చేబ్రోలు మండలం)\nమంచాలలో వ్యవసాయానికి నీటి సరఫరా కింది వనరుల ద్వారా జరుగుతోంది.", "పారుమంచాల\nపారుమంచాల, కర్నూలు జిల్లా, జూపాడు బంగ్లా మండలానికి చెందిన గ్రామము.[1] ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన జూపాడు బంగ్లా నుండి 9 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన కర్నూలు నుండి 48 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 1202 ఇళ్లతో, 5171 జనాభాతో 5770 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 2620, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 2551. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 1774 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 31. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 593956[2].పిన్ కోడ్: 518401.", "మంచాలకట్ట (కొల్లాపూర్)\nమంచాలకట్ట తెలంగాణ రాష్ట్రం, నాగర్‌కర్నూల్ జిల్లా, పెంట్లవెల్లి మండలంలోని గ్రామం. పిన్ కోడ్: 509105 ", "మునగాల (నంద్యాల)\nమునగాల, కర్నూలు జిల్లా, నంద్యాల మండలానికి చెందిన గ్రామము.\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన నంద్యాల నుండి 6 కి. మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 212 ఇళ్లతో, 907 జనాభాతో 414 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 469, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 438. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 288 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 0. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 594303.పిన్ కోడ్: 518511.", "మంచాల (మంత్రాలయము)\nమంచాల, కర్నూలు జిల్లా, మంత్రాలయము మండలానికి చెందిన గ్రామము.\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన మంత్రాలయం నుండి 0 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన యెమ్మిగనూరు నుండి 21 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 2201 ఇళ్లతో, 10613 జనాభాతో 1500 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 5424, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 5189. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 855 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 20. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 593731.పిన్ కోడ్: 518345.", "మచ్‌కల్\nమచ్‌కల్,తెలంగాణ రాష్ట్రం, నిర్మల్ జిల్లా, ముధోల్ మండలంలోని గ్రామం.\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన ముధోల్ నుండి 9 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన భైంసా నుండి 8 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. \n2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 199 ఇళ్లతో, 850 జనాభాతో 263 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 432, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 418. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 262 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 1. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 570234.పిన్ కోడ్: 504102.", "ఎక్కెల\n2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 90 ఇళ్లతో, 295 జనాభాతో 1048 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 145, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 150. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 0 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 236. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 577905.పిన్ కోడ్: 506165.", "మంచాల (మంత్రాలయము)\nమంచాలలో పోస్టాఫీసు సౌకర్యం, సబ్ పోస్టాఫీసు సౌకర్యం, పోస్ట్ అండ్ టెలిగ్రాఫ్ ఆఫీసు ఉన్నాయి. లాండ్ లైన్ టెలిఫోన్, పబ్లిక్ ఫోన్ ఆఫీసు, మొబైల్ ఫోన్, ప్రైవేటు కొరియర్ మొదలైన సౌకర్యాలు ఉన్నాయి. ఇంటర్నెట్ కెఫె / సామాన్య సేవా కేంద్రం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది. \nగ్రామానికి సమీప ప్రాంతాల నుండి ప్రభుత్వ రవాణా సంస్థ బస్సులుప్రైవేటు బస్సులు తిరుగుతున్నాయి. సమీప గ్రామాల నుండి ఆటో సౌకర్యం కూడా ఉంది. వ్యవసాయం కొరకు వాడేందుకు గ్రామంలో ట్రాక్టర్లున్నాయి. రైల్వే స్టేషన్ గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది. \nప్రధాన జిల్లా రహదారి, జిల్లా రహదారి గ్రామం గుండా పోతున్నాయి. రాష్ట్ర రహదారి గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. జాతీయ రహదారి గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది. గ్రామంలో తారు రోడ్లు, కంకర రోడ్లు, మట్టిరోడ్లూ ఉన్నాయి. \nగ్రామంలో ఏటీఎమ్, వాణిజ్య బ్యాంకు, వ్యవసాయ పరపతి సంఘం ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామంలో స్వయం సహాయక బృందం, పౌర సరఫరాల కేంద్రం, వారం వారం సంత ఉన్నాయి. \nసహకార బ్యాంకు గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది. రోజువారీ మార్కెట్, వ్యవసాయ మార్కెటింగ్ సొసైటీ గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. ", "ములకలచెరువు\n[1]ములకలచెరువు చిత్తూరు జిల్లా, ఇదే పేరుతో ఉన్న మండలం యొక్క కేంద్రము. ఇది సమీప పట్టణమైన మదనపల్లె నుండి 42 కి. మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 2067 ఇళ్లతో, 8216 జనాభాతో 817 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 4046, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 4170. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 667 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 230. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 595604[2].పిన్ కోడ్: 517 390.", "మునగచెర్ల\n2001 వ. సంవత్సరం జనాభా లెక్కల ప్రకారం గ్రామ జనాభా 1419. ఇందులో పురుషుల సంఖ్య 731, స్త్రీల సంఖ్య 688, గ్రామంలో నివాస గృహాలు 363 ఉన్నాయి.గ్రామ విస్తీర్ణం.416 హెక్టారులు.\n[2] ఈనాడు కృష్ణా/మైలవరం; 2014,జూన్-10; 2వపేజీ.\n[3] ఈనాడు అమరావతి/నందిగామ; 2017,ఫిబ్రవరి-20; 2వపేజీ.", "వంతల\nవంతల, విశాఖపట్నం జిల్లా, గంగరాజు మాడుగుల మండలానికి చెందిన గ్రామము.\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన గంగరాజు మాడుగుల నుండి 15 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన అనకాపల్లి నుండి 90 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 238 ఇళ్లతో, 853 జనాభాతో 249 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 418, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 435. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 0 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 835. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 585028.పిన్ కోడ్: 531029.\nగ్రామంలో ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమిక పాఠశాలలు రెండు, ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమికోన్నత పాఠశాల ఒకటి ఉన్నాయి. బాలబడి, మాధ్యమిక పాఠశాల‌లు గంగరాజు మాడుగులలో ఉన్నాయి. సమీప జూనియర్ కళాశాల గంగరాజు మాడుగులలోను, ప్రభుత్వ ఆర్ట్స్ / సైన్స్ డిగ్రీ కళాశాల పాడేరులోనూ ఉన్నాయి. సమీప వైద్య కళాశాల, మేనేజిమెంటు కళాశాల విశాఖపట్నంలోను, పాలీటెక్నిక్ పాడేరులోనూ ఉన్నాయి. సమీప వృత్తి విద్యా శిక్షణ పాఠశాల అరకులోయలోను, అనియత విద్యా కేంద్రం అనకాపల్లిలోను, దివ్యాంగుల ప్రత్యేక పాఠశాల విశాఖపట్నం లోనూ ఉన్నాయి. \nవంతలలో ఉన్న ఒకప్రాథమిక ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రంలో ఇద్దరు డాక్టర్లు, నలుగురు పారామెడికల్ సిబ్బందీ ఉన్నారు. ఒక ప్రాథమిక ఆరోగ్య ఉప కేంద్రంలో డాక్టర్లు లేరు. ఒకరు పారామెడికల్ సిబ్బంది ఉన్నారు. సమీప సామాజిక ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రం, మాతా శిశు సంరక్షణ కేంద్రం, టి. బి వైద్యశాల గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ. కంటే ఎక్కువ దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. అలోపతి ఆసుపత్రి, ప్రత్యామ్నాయ ఔషధ ఆసుపత్రి, డిస్పెన్సరీ, పశు వైద్యశాల, సంచార వైద్య శాల, కుటుంబ సంక్షేమ కేంద్రం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ. కంటే ఎక్కువ దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. \nరెండు మందుల దుకాణాలు ఉన్నాయి. \nబావుల నీరు గ్రామంలో అందుబాటులో ఉంది. గ్రామంలో ఏడాది పొడుగునా చేతిపంపుల ద్వారా నీరు అందుతుంది. \nగ్రామంలో మురుగునీటి పారుదల వ్యవస్థ లేదు. మురుగునీటిని శుద్ధి ప్లాంట్‌లోకి పంపిస్తున్నారు. గ్రామంలో సంపూర్ణ పారిశుధ్య పథకం అమలవుతోంది. సామాజిక మరుగుదొడ్డి సౌకర్యం లేదు. ఇంటింటికీ తిరిగి వ్యర్థాలను సేకరించే వ్యవస్థ లేదు. సామాజిక బయోగ్యాస్ ఉత్పాదక వ్యవస్థ లేదు. చెత్తను వీధుల పక్కనే పారబోస్తారు. \nపోస్టాఫీసు సౌకర్యం, సబ్ పోస్టాఫీసు సౌకర్యం, పోస్ట్ అండ్ టెలిగ్రాఫ్ ఆఫీసు గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. \nలాండ్ లైన్ టెలిఫోన్, పబ్లిక్ ఫోన్ ఆఫీసు, మొబైల్ ఫోన్, ఇంటర్నెట్ కెఫె / సామాన్య సేవా కేంద్రం, ప్రైవేటు కొరియర్ గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. ప్రభుత్వ రవాణా సంస్థ బస్సు సౌకర్యం, ప్రైవేటు బస్సు సౌకర్యం, రైల్వే స్టేషన్, ఆటో సౌకర్యం, ట్రాక్టరు సౌకర్యం మొదలైనవి గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. జిల్లా రహదారి గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. జాతీయ రహదారి, రాష్ట్ర రహదారి, ప్రధాన జిల్లా రహదారి గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామంలో తారు రోడ్లు, కంకర రోడ్లు ఉన్నాయి. \nగ్రామంలో స్వయం సహాయక బృందం ఉంది. పౌర సరఫరాల వ్యవస్థ దుకాణం గ్రామం నుండి 5 కి.మీ. లోపు దూరంలో ఉంది. ఏటీఎమ్, వాణిజ్య బ్యాంకు, సహకార బ్యాంకు, వ్యవసాయ పరపతి సంఘం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. రోజువారీ మార్కెట్, వారం వారం సంత, వ్యవసాయ మార్కెటింగ్ సొసైటీ గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. \nగ్రామంలో అంగన్ వాడీ కేంద్రం, ఇతర పోషకాహార కేంద్రాలు, ఆశా కార్యకర్త ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామంలో వార్తాపత్రిక పంపిణీ జరుగుతుంది. శాసనసభ పోలింగ్ కేంద్రం, జనన మరణాల నమోదు కార్యాలయం ఉన్నాయి. సమీకృత బాలల అభివృద్ధి పథకం, ఆటల మైదానం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. సినిమా హాలు, గ్రంథాలయం, పబ్లిక్ రీడింగ్ రూం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. \nగ్రామంలో గృహావసరాల నిమిత్తం విద్యుత్ సరఫరా వ్యవస్థ ఉంది. \nవంతలలో భూ వినియోగం కింది విధంగా ఉంది:\nవంతలలో వ్యవసాయానికి నీటి సరఫరా కింది వనరుల ద్వారా జరుగుతోంది.\nవంతలలో ఈ కింది వస్తువులు ఉత్పత్తి అవుతున్నాయి.\nపసుపు, పిప్పలి, వరి", "మారెళ్ల (ముండ్లమూరు)\nమారెళ్ళ ప్రకాశం జిల్లా, ముండ్లమూరు మండలంలోని గ్రామం. ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన ముండ్లమూరు నుండి 12 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన వినుకొండ నుండి 27 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 1083 ఇళ్లతో, 4510 జనాభాతో 2184 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 2340, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 2170. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 1780 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 73. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 590783[1].పిన్ కోడ్: 523201.", "తనంచర్ల\nతానంచెర్ల తెలంగాణ రాష్ట్రం, మహబూబాబాదు  జిల్లా, మరిపెడ మండలంలోని గ్రామం..\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన మరిపెడ నుండి 12 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన ఖమ్మం నుండి 46 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 1315 ఇళ్లతో, 4817 జనాభాతో 1798 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 2424, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 2393. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 372 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 3653. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 578634.పిన్ కోడ్: 506318.", "మంచాల్ (గ్రామం)\n2001 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం జనాభా మొత్తం 4108 మంది. అందులో పురుషుల సంఖ్య 2113 మంది. స్త్రీలు 1995 మంది. గృహాలు 854 విస్తీర్ణము 1624 హెక్టార్లు, ప్రజల భాష. తెలుగు.సముద్ర మట్టానికి ఎత్తు.523 మీటర్లు. \nచిత్తాపూర్ 4 కి.మీ. జాపాల్ 5 కి.మీ. నోముల 5 కి.మీ. ఆగపల్లి 6 కి.మీ. తాళ్లపల్లిగూడ 6 కి.మీ దూరములో ఉన్నాయి.", "ముక్కెల్ల\nముక్కెల్ల, కర్నూలు జిల్లా, తుగ్గలి మండలానికి చెందిన గ్రామము.\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన తుగ్గలి నుండి 22 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన డోన్ నుండి 14 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 1097 ఇళ్లతో, 5290 జనాభాతో 2344 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 2672, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 2618. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 1206 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 14. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 594448.పిన్ కోడ్: 518468.", "కొంచ\nకొంచ శ్రీకాకుళం జిల్లా, వీరఘట్టం మండలంలోని గ్రామం. ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన వీరఘట్టం నుండి 8 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన పార్వతీపురం నుండి 33 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 147 ఇళ్లతో, 500 జనాభాతో 523 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 246, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 254. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 119 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 64. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 579933.పిన్ కోడ్: 532460.\nఒక సంచార వైద్య శాలలో డాక్టర్లు లేరు. ముగ్గురు పారామెడికల్ సిబ్బంది ఉన్నారు. \nసమీప ప్రాథమిక ఆరోగ్య ఉప కేంద్రం గ్రామం నుండి 5 కి.మీ. లోపు దూరంలో ఉంది. ప్రాథమిక ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రం గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. పశు వైద్యశాల గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. సమీప సామాజిక ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రం, మాతా శిశు సంరక్షణ కేంద్రం, టి. బి వైద్యశాల గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ. కంటే ఎక్కువ దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. అలోపతి ఆసుపత్రి, ప్రత్యామ్నాయ ఔషధ ఆసుపత్రి, డిస్పెన్సరీ, కుటుంబ సంక్షేమ కేంద్రం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ. కంటే ఎక్కువ దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. \nమురుగునీరు బహిరంగ కాలువల ద్వారా ప్రవహిస్తుంది. మురుగునీరు బహిరంగంగా, కచ్చా కాలువల ద్వారా కూడా ప్రవహిస్తుంది. మురుగునీటిని నేరుగా జలవనరుల్లోకి వదులుతున్నారు. గ్రామంలో సంపూర్ణ పారిశుధ్య పథకం అమలవుతోంది. సామాజిక మరుగుదొడ్డి సౌకర్యం లేదు. ఇంటింటికీ తిరిగి వ్యర్థాలను సేకరించే వ్యవస్థ లేదు. సామాజిక బయోగ్యాస్ ఉత్పాదక వ్యవస్థ లేదు. \nచెత్తను వీధుల పక్కనే పారబోస్తారు. \nగ్రామంలో స్వయం సహాయక బృందం, పౌర సరఫరాల కేంద్రం ఉన్నాయి. \nఏటీఎమ్, వాణిజ్య బ్యాంకు, సహకార బ్యాంకు, వ్యవసాయ పరపతి సంఘం గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. రోజువారీ మార్కెట్, వారం వారం సంత, వ్యవసాయ మార్కెటింగ్ సొసైటీ గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. \nగ్రామంలో అంగన్ వాడీ కేంద్రం, ఇతర పోషకాహార కేంద్రాలు, ఆశా కార్యకర్త ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామంలో వార్తాపత్రిక పంపిణీ జరుగుతుంది. అసెంబ్లీ పోలింగ్ స్టేషన్, జనన మరణాల నమోదు కార్యాలయం ఉన్నాయి. సమీకృత బాలల అభివృద్ధి పథకం, ఆటల మైదానం గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. సినిమా హాలు, గ్రంథాలయం, పబ్లిక్ రీడింగ్ రూం గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. \nగ్రామంలో గృహావసరాల నిమిత్తం విద్యుత్ సరఫరా వ్యవస్థ ఉంది. రోజుకు 6 గంటల పాటు వ్యవసాయానికి, 12 గంటల పాటు వాణిజ్య అవసరాల కోసం కూడా విద్యుత్ సరఫరా చేస్తున్నారు. \nకొంచలో భూ వినియోగం కింది విధంగా ఉంది:\nకొంచలో వ్యవసాయానికి నీటి సరఫరా కింది వనరుల ద్వారా జరుగుతోంది.\nకొంచలో ఈ కింది వస్తువులు ఉత్పత్తి అవుతున్నాయి.\nవరి", "మదు ఛంగా\nమదు ఛంగా (268) అన్నది అమృత్ సర్ జిల్లాకు చెందిన అజ్నలా తాలూకాలోని గ్రామం, ఇది 2011 జనగణన ప్రకారం 268 ఇళ్లతో మొత్తం 1406 జనాభాతో 211 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. సమీప పట్టణమైన అజ్నలా అన్నది 11 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 716, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 690గా ఉంది. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 620 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 0. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 37342.సమీపబాలబడులు (చమ్యారీ)గ్రామానికి 5 నుంచి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల లోపే ఉంది.\nగ్రామంలో 1 ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమిక పాఠశాలఉంది\nసమీపమాధ్యమిక పాఠశాలలు (చమ్యారీ)గ్రామానికి 5 నుంచి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల లోపే ఉంది.\nసమీపమాధ్యమిక పాఠశాల (వఛోవా)గ్రామానికి 5 నుంచి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల లోపే ఉంది.\nసమీపసీనియర్ మాధ్యమిక పాఠశాలలు (చమ్యారీ)గ్రామానికి 5 నుంచి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల లోపే ఉంది.\nసమీప\"ఆర్ట్స్, సైన్స్, మరియు కామర్సు డిగ్రీ కళాశాలలు\" (అమృత్ సర్) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది\nసమీపఇంజనీరింగ్ కళాశాలలు (అమృత్ సర్) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది\nసమీపవైద్య కళాశాలలు (అమృత్ సర్) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది\nసమీపమేనేజ్మెంట్ సంస్థలు (అమృత్ సర్) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది\nసమీపపాలీటెక్నిక్ లు (అమృత్ సర్) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది\nసమీపవృత్తివిద్యా శిక్షణ పాఠశాలలు (అజ్నలా) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది\nసమీపఅనియత విద్యా కేంద్రాలు (అమృత్ సర్) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది\nసమీపదివ్యాంగుల ప్రత్యేక పాఠశాల (అమృత్ సర్) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది\nసమీపఇతర విద్యా సౌకర్యాలు (అమృత్ సర్) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది", "మాతల\nమాతల శ్రీకాకుళం జిల్లా, కొత్తూరు మండలంలోని గ్రామం. ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన కొత్తూరు నుండి 8 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన పర్లాకిమిడి (ఒరిస్సా) నుండి 15 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 353 ఇళ్లతో, 1339 జనాభాతో 914 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 676, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 663. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 165 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 0. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 580105.పిన్ కోడ్: 532457.గ్రామంలోఒక ప్రైవేటు వైద్య సౌకర్యం ఉంది. డిగ్రీ లేని డాక్టరు ఒకరు ఉన్నారు.", "మంచాల రమేష్\nమంచాల రమేష్‌ కరీంనగర్ జిల్లాకు చెందిన రంగస్థల నటుడు, దర్శకుడు.", "కుదేరు\n2001 వ.సంవత్సరం జనాభా లెక్కల ప్రకారం గ్రామ జనాభా 1679. ఇందులో పురుషుల సంఖ్య 834, స్త్రీల సంఖ్య 845, గ్రామంలో నివాసగృహాలు 445 ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామ విస్తీర్ణం 539 హెక్టారులు.\n[1] ఈనాడు కృష్ణా పామర్రు; 2013,నవంబరు-2; 2వపేజీ.\n[2] ఈనాడు అమరావతి/గుడివాడ; 2017,ఫిబ్రవరి-13; 1వపేజీ. \n[3] ఈనాడు అమరావతి/పామర్రు; 2017,మే-19; 1వపేజీ. & ఈనాడు అమరావతి/పామర్రు; 2017,మే-24&25; 2వపేజీ.", "మంచాల (మంత్రాలయము)\nగ్రామంలో9 ప్రైవేటు వైద్య సౌకర్యాలున్నాయి. ఎమ్బీబీయెస్ డాక్టర్లు ఇద్దరు, ఎమ్బీబీయెస్ కాకుండా ఇతర డిగ్రీ చదివిన డాక్టర్లు ఇద్దరు, డిగ్రీ లేని డాక్టర్లు ఐదుగురు ఉన్నారు. నాలుగు మందుల దుకాణాలు ఉన్నాయి. \nగ్రామంలో కుళాయిల ద్వారా శుద్ధి చేయని నీరు సరఫరా అవుతోంది. గ్రామంలో ఏడాది పొడుగునా చేతిపంపుల ద్వారా నీరు అందుతుంది. బోరుబావుల ద్వారా కూడా ఏడాది పొడుగునా నీరు అందుతుంది. కాలువ/వాగు/నది ద్వారా గ్రామానికి తాగునీరు లభిస్తుంది.\nమురుగునీరు బహిరంగ కాలువల ద్వారా ప్రవహిస్తుంది. మురుగునీటిని నేరుగా జలవనరుల్లోకి వదులుతున్నారు. గ్రామంలో సంపూర్ణ పారిశుధ్య పథకం అమలవుతోంది. సామాజిక మరుగుదొడ్డి సౌకర్యం లేదు. ఇంటింటికీ తిరిగి వ్యర్థాలను సేకరించే వ్యవస్థ లేదు. సామాజిక బయోగ్యాస్ ఉత్పాదక వ్యవస్థ లేదు. చెత్తను వీధుల పక్కనే పారబోస్తారు. ", "మంచమ్రై\nమంచమ్రై, విశాఖపట్నం జిల్లా, ముంచంగిపుట్టు మండలానికి చెందిన గ్రామము.\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన ముంచింగిపుట్టు నుండి 14 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన అనకాపల్లి నుండి 144 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 10 ఇళ్లతో, 28 జనాభాతో 31 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 12, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 16. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 0 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 28. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 583431.పిన్ కోడ్: 531040.\nగ్రామంలో ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమిక పాఠశాల ఒకటి ఉంది. బాలబడి, ప్రాథమికోన్నత పాఠశాల, మాధ్యమిక పాఠశాల‌లు ముంచింగిపుట్టులో ఉన్నాయి. \nసమీప జూనియర్ కళాశాల ముంచింగిపుట్టులోను, ప్రభుత్వ ఆర్ట్స్ / సైన్స్ డిగ్రీ కళాశాల పాడేరులోనూ ఉన్నాయి. సమీప వైద్య కళాశాల, మేనేజిమెంటు కళాశాల విశాఖపట్నంలోను, పాలీటెక్నిక్ పాడేరులోనూ ఉన్నాయి. సమీప వృత్తి విద్యా శిక్షణ పాఠశాల అరకులోయలోను, అనియత విద్యా కేంద్రం అనకాపల్లిలోను, దివ్యాంగుల ప్రత్యేక పాఠశాల విశాఖపట్నం లోనూ ఉన్నాయి.", "మడిచెర్ల\nమడిచర్ల కృష్ణా జిల్లా, బాపులపాడు మండలంలోని గ్రామం. ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన బాపులపాడు నుండి 25 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన ఏలూరు నుండి 15 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 1066 ఇళ్లతో, 4069 జనాభాతో 1590 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 2073, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 1996. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 1111 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 513. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 589075.పిన్ కోడ్: 521105.", "మదిచెర్ల\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన రంపచోడవరం నుండి 10 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన రాజమండ్రి నుండి 72 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 184 ఇళ్లతో, 645 జనాభాతో 47 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 303, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 342. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 0 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 642. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 587140.పిన్ కోడ్: 533288.", "మోచెర్ల\nమోచెర్ల, ప్రకాశం జిల్లా, గుడ్లూరు మండలానికి చెందిన గ్రామము. పిన్ కోడ్: 523 291\n2001వ.సంవత్సరం జనాభా లెక్కల ప్రకారం గ్రామ జనాభా 3,447. ఇందులో పురుషుల సంఖ్య 1,744, మహిళల సంఖ్య 1,703, గ్రామంలో నివాస గృహాలు 794 ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామ విస్తీర్ణం 2,860 హెక్టారులు.\nవీరేపల్లి 2.2 కి.మీ, స్వర్ణాజిపురం 4.7 కి.మీ, కృష్ణాపురం 5.7 కి.మీ, పొట్లూరు 5.7 కి.మీ, చాగోలు 5.7 కి.మీ.\nగుడ్లూరు 9.1 కి.మీ, ఉలవపాడు 11.6 కి.మీ, కందుకూరు 18.1 కి.మీ, సింగరాయకొండ 21.6 కి.మీ.\nఉత్తరాన ఉలవపాడు మండలం, దక్షణాన కావలి మండలం, ఉత్తరాన కందుకూరు మండలం, ఉత్తరాన సింగరాయకొండ మండలం.\nsudharsi nageswararao", "కంచరాం\nకంచరం శ్రీకాకుళం జిల్లా, రాజాం మండలంలోని గ్రామం. ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన రాజాం నుండి 4 కి. మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 1275 ఇళ్లతో, 5237 జనాభాతో 474 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 2612, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 2625. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 563 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 0. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 581312.పిన్ కోడ్: 532127.\nగ్రామంలో ఒక ప్రైవేటు బాలబడి ఉంది. ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమిక పాఠశాలలు రెండు, ప్రైవేటు ప్రాథమిక పాఠశాల ఒకటి , ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమికోన్నత పాఠశాలలు రెండు , ప్రైవేటు ప్రాథమికోన్నత పాఠశాల ఒకటి, ప్రభుత్వ మాధ్యమిక పాఠశాల ఒకటి, ప్రైవేటు మాధ్యమిక పాఠశాల ఒకటి ఉన్నాయి.", "కంచల\n2001 వ.సంవత్సరం జనాభా లెక్కల ప్రకారం గ్రామ జనాభా 2769. ఇందులో పురుషుల సంఖ్య 1401, స్త్రీల సంఖ్య 1368, గ్రామంలో నివాసగృహాలు 718 ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామ విస్తీర్ణం 921 హెక్టారులు.\n[2] ఈనాడు కృష్ణా; 2014,జూన్-28; 3వపేజీ.\n[3] ఈనాడు అమరావతి/నందిగామ; 2017,జూన్-4; 1వపేజీ. \n[4] ఈనాడు అమరావతి/నందిగామ; 2017,జూన్-16; 1వపేజీ.", "మంగేల\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన బీర్పూర్ నుండి 23 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన జగిత్యాల నుండి 40 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 459 ఇళ్లతో, 1790 జనాభాతో 1029 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 852, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 938. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 238 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 364. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 571665.పిన్ కోడ్: 505454.", "మంచాలకట్ట (గడివేముల)\nమంచాలకట్ట, కర్నూలు జిల్లా, గడివేముల మండలానికి చెందిన గ్రామము.. పిన్ కోడ్ : 518 508. ఊరిలొ ఒక పెద్ద చెరువు ఉన్నది.చెరువు నిందితె నిరు కుందు నదిలొని పారుతుంది.కత్తం అంజయ్య ఊరి దెవలప్ చెషరు.వరి పంత ఎక్కవగ పందుతుంది.ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన గడివేముల నుండి 8 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన నంద్యాల నుండి 35 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 738 ఇళ్లతో, 3357 జనాభాతో 301 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 1684, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 1673. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 642 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 9. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 594266.పిన్ కోడ్: 518593.", "ముచ్చింతాల\nముచింతల @ బోడపాడు కృష్ణా జిల్లా, పెనుగంచిప్రోలు మండలంలోని గ్రామం. ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన పెనుగంచిప్రోలు నుండి 3 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన జగ్గయ్యపేట నుండి 20 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 665 ఇళ్లతో, 2577 జనాభాతో 746 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 1269, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 1308. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 1567 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 116. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 588860.పిన్ కోడ్: 521190.", "కొత్లా మఝెవాల\nకొత్లా మఝెవాల (307) అన్నది అమృత్ సర్ జిల్లాకు చెందిన అమృత్త్ సర్ -I తాలూకాలోని గ్రామం, ఇది 2011 జనగణన ప్రకారం 67 ఇళ్లతో మొత్తం 372 జనాభాతో 79 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. సమీప పట్టణమైన మజిథా అన్నది 5 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 187, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 185గా ఉంది. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 110 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 0. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 37445[1].", "చించల\nచించల, తెలంగాణ రాష్ట్రం, నిర్మల్ జిల్లా, ముధోల్ మండలంలోని గ్రామం. \nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన ముధోల్ నుండి 6 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన భైంసా నుండి 14 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. \n2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 257 ఇళ్లతో, 1033 జనాభాతో 856 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 527, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 506. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 350 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 33. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 570240.పిన్ కోడ్: 504102.", "మల్లంపేట (దొనకొండ)\n2001 వ.సంవత్సరం జనాభా లెక్కల ప్రకారం గ్రామ జనాభా 2,287.[2] ఇందులో పురుషుల సంఖ్య 1,175, స్త్రీల సంఖ్య 1,112, గ్రామంలో నివాస గృహాలు 501 ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామ విస్తీర్ణం 1,541 హెక్టారులు.", "మంచాల (చేబ్రోలు మండలం)\nవ్యవసాయేతర వినియోగంలో ఉన్న భూమి: 33 హెక్టార్లు నికరంగా విత్తిన భూమి: 284 హెక్టార్లు వివిధ వనరుల నుండి సాగునీరు లభిస్తున్న భూమి: 284 హెక్టార్లు", "మదెం\nమదెం, విశాఖపట్నం జిల్లా, గూడెం కొత్తవీధి మండలానికి చెందిన గ్రామము.\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన గూడెం కొత్తవీధి నుండి 22 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన అనకాపల్లి నుండి 139 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 164 ఇళ్లతో, 633 జనాభాతో 1 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 308, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 325. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 0 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 626. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 585546.పిన్ కోడ్: 531133.\nగ్రామంలో ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమిక పాఠశాల ఒకటి ఉంది. సమీప బాలబడి, ప్రాథమికోన్నత పాఠశాల చింతపల్లిలోను, మాధ్యమిక పాఠశాల రింతాడలోనూ ఉన్నాయి. సమీప జూనియర్ కళాశాల, ప్రభుత్వ ఆర్ట్స్ / సైన్స్ డిగ్రీ కళాశాల చింతపల్లిలోను, ఇంజనీరింగ్ కళాశాల విశాఖపట్నంలోనూ ఉన్నాయి. సమీప వైద్య కళాశాల విశాఖపట్నంలోను, పాలీటెక్నిక్‌ అనకాపల్లిలోను, మేనేజిమెంటు కళాశాల నర్సీపట్నంలోనూ ఉన్నాయి. \nసమీప వృత్తి విద్యా శిక్షణ పాఠశాల నర్సీపట్నంలోను, అనియత విద్యా కేంద్రం అనకాపల్లిలోను, దివ్యాంగుల ప్రత్యేక పాఠశాల విశాఖపట్నం లోనూ ఉన్నాయి. \nఒక సంచార వైద్య శాలలో డాక్టర్లు లేరు. ముగ్గురు పారామెడికల్ సిబ్బంది ఉన్నారు. సమీప సామాజిక ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రం, ప్రాథమిక ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రం, ప్రాథమిక ఆరోగ్య ఉప కేంద్రం, మాతా శిశు సంరక్షణ కేంద్రం, టి. బి వైద్యశాల గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ. కంటే ఎక్కువ దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. అలోపతి ఆసుపత్రి, ప్రత్యామ్నాయ ఔషధ ఆసుపత్రి, డిస్పెన్సరీ, పశు వైద్యశాల, కుటుంబ సంక్షేమ కేంద్రం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ. కంటే ఎక్కువ దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. \nగ్రామంలో కుళాయిల ద్వారా రక్షిత మంచినీటి సరఫరా జరుగుతోంది. బావుల నీరు కూడా అందుబాటులో ఉంది. గ్రామంలో ఏడాది పొడుగునా చేతిపంపుల ద్వారా నీరు అందుతుంది. కాలువ/వాగు/నది ద్వారా, చెరువు ద్వారా కూడా గ్రామానికి తాగునీరు లభిస్తుంది. \nగ్రామంలో మురుగునీటి పారుదల వ్యవస్థ లేదు. మురుగునీటిని శుద్ధి ప్లాంట్‌లోకి పంపిస్తున్నారు. గ్రామంలో సంపూర్ణ పారిశుధ్య పథకం అమలవుతోంది. సామాజిక మరుగుదొడ్డి సౌకర్యం లేదు. ఇంటింటికీ తిరిగి వ్యర్థాలను సేకరించే వ్యవస్థ లేదు. సామాజిక బయోగ్యాస్ ఉత్పాదక వ్యవస్థ లేదు. చెత్తను వీధుల పక్కనే పారబోస్తారు. \nమదెంలో సబ్ పోస్టాఫీసు సౌకర్యం ఉంది. పోస్టాఫీసు సౌకర్యం, పోస్ట్ అండ్ టెలిగ్రాఫ్ ఆఫీసు గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. \nలాండ్ లైన్ టెలిఫోన్, పబ్లిక్ ఫోన్ ఆఫీసు, మొబైల్ ఫోన్, ఇంటర్నెట్ కెఫె / సామాన్య సేవా కేంద్రం, ప్రైవేటు కొరియర్ గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. సమీప గ్రామాల నుండి ఆటో సౌకర్యం ఉంది. వ్యవసాయం కొరకు వాడేందుకు గ్రామంలో ట్రాక్టర్లున్నాయి. \nప్రైవేటు బస్సు సౌకర్యం గ్రామానికి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. ప్రభుత్వ రవాణా సంస్థ బస్సు సౌకర్యం, రైల్వే స్టేషన్ మొదలైనవి గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కిపైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. ప్రధాన జిల్లా రహదారి గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. జాతీయ రహదారి, రాష్ట్ర రహదారి, జిల్లా రహదారి గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామంలో తారు రోడ్లు, కంకర రోడ్లు ఉన్నాయి. \nగ్రామంలో స్వయం సహాయక బృందం ఉంది. ఏటీఎమ్, వాణిజ్య బ్యాంకు, సహకార బ్యాంకు, వ్యవసాయ పరపతి సంఘం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. పౌర సరఫరాల వ్యవస్థ దుకాణం, రోజువారీ మార్కెట్, వారం వారం సంత, వ్యవసాయ మార్కెటింగ్ సొసైటీ గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. \nగ్రామంలో సమీకృత బాలల అభివృద్ధి పథకం, అంగన్ వాడీ కేంద్రం, ఇతర పోషకాహార కేంద్రాలు, ఆశా కార్యకర్త ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామంలో వార్తాపత్రిక పంపిణీ జరుగుతుంది. అసెంబ్లీ పోలింగ్ స్టేషన్, జనన మరణాల నమోదు కార్యాలయం ఉన్నాయి. ఆటల మైదానం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది. సినిమా హాలు, గ్రంథాలయం, పబ్లిక్ రీడింగ్ రూం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. \nగ్రామంలో గృహావసరాల నిమిత్తం విద్యుత్ సరఫరా వ్యవస్థ ఉంది. \nమదెంలో భూ వినియోగం కింది విధంగా ఉంది:", "మునగాల (గూడూరు)\nమునగాల, కర్నూలు జిల్లా, గూడూరు మండలానికి చెందిన గ్రామము.. పిన్ కోడ్ : 518 466.\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన గూడూరు,కర్నూలు నుండి 5 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన కర్నూలు నుండి 34 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 602 ఇళ్లతో, 2880 జనాభాతో 1212 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 1488, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 1392. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 767 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 0. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 593872.పిన్ కోడ్: 518466.", "మంచాల (చేబ్రోలు మండలం)\nగ్రామంలో ఏడాది పొడుగునా చేతిపంపుల ద్వారా నీరు అందుతుంది. బోరుబావుల ద్వారా కూడా ఏడాది పొడుగునా నీరు అందుతుంది.", "మంచాల (చేబ్రోలు మండలం)\nజనాభా (2011) - మొత్తం 1,939 - పురుషుల సంఖ్య 973 - స్త్రీల సంఖ్య 966 - గృహాల సంఖ్య 555", "మద్దలచెరువు\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన కనగానపల్లె నుండి 23 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన ధర్మవరం నుండి 45 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 1497 ఇళ్లతో, 6426 జనాభాతో 5222 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 3280, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 3146. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 1397 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 557. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 595145.పిన్ కోడ్: 515621.\nగ్రామంలో ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమిక పాఠశాలలు ఐదు, ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమికోన్నత పాఠశాల ఒకటి , ప్రభుత్వ మాధ్యమిక పాఠశాలలు రెండు ఉన్నాయి. సమీప బాలబడి పేరూరులో ఉంది. సమీప జూనియర్ కళాశాల, సమీప వృత్తి విద్యా శిక్షణ పాఠశాల కనగానపల్లెలోను, ప్రభుత్వ ఆర్ట్స్ / సైన్స్ డిగ్రీ కళాశాల ధర్మవరం లోనూ ఉన్నాయి. సమీప వైద్య కళాశాల, మేనేజిమెంటు కళాశాల, పాలీటెక్నిక్, అనియత విద్యా కేంద్రం, దివ్యాంగుల ప్రత్యేక పాఠశాల‌లు అనంతపురం లోనూ ఉన్నాయి.\nమద్దలచెరువులో ఉన్న ఒక ప్రాథమిక ఆరోగ్య ఉప కేంద్రంలో డాక్టర్లు లేరు. ముగ్గురు పారామెడికల్ సిబ్బంది ఉన్నారు. ప్రాథమిక ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రం గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. డిస్పెన్సరీ గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. సమీప సామాజిక ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రం, మాతా శిశు సంరక్షణ కేంద్రం, టి. బి వైద్యశాల గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ. కంటే ఎక్కువ దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. అలోపతి ఆసుపత్రి, ప్రత్యామ్నాయ ఔషధ ఆసుపత్రి, పశు వైద్యశాల, సంచార వైద్య శాల, కుటుంబ సంక్షేమ కేంద్రం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ. కంటే ఎక్కువ దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. \nగ్రామంలో 2 ప్రైవేటు వైద్య సౌకర్యాలున్నాయి. ఎమ్బీబీయెస్ కాకుండా ఇతర డిగ్రీలు చదివిన డాక్టర్లు ఇద్దరు ఉన్నారు.\nగ్రామంలో కుళాయిల ద్వారా శుద్ధి చేయని నీరు సరఫరా అవుతోంది. గ్రామంలో ఏడాది పొడుగునా చేతిపంపుల ద్వారా నీరు అందుతుంది.\nగ్రామంలో మురుగునీటి పారుదల వ్యవస్థ లేదు. మురుగునీటిని నేరుగా జలవనరుల్లోకి వదులుతున్నారు. గ్రామంలో సంపూర్ణ పారిశుధ్య పథకం అమలవుతోంది. సామాజిక మరుగుదొడ్డి సౌకర్యం లేదు. ఇంటింటికీ తిరిగి వ్యర్థాలను సేకరించే వ్యవస్థ లేదు. సామాజిక బయోగ్యాస్ ఉత్పాదక వ్యవస్థ లేదు. చెత్తను వీధుల పక్కనే పారబోస్తారు. \nమద్దలచెరువులో పోస్టాఫీసు సౌకర్యం ఉంది. సబ్ పోస్టాఫీసు సౌకర్యం గ్రామానికి 5 కి.మీ. లోపు దూరంలో ఉంది. పోస్ట్ అండ్ టెలిగ్రాఫ్ ఆఫీసు గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది. లాండ్ లైన్ టెలిఫోన్, మొబైల్ ఫోన్ మొదలైన సౌకర్యాలు ఉన్నాయి. పబ్లిక్ ఫోన్ ఆఫీసు, ఇంటర్నెట్ కెఫె / సామాన్య సేవా కేంద్రం, ప్రైవేటు కొరియర్ గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామానికి సమీప ప్రాంతాల నుండి ప్రభుత్వ రవాణా సంస్థ బస్సులు తిరుగుతున్నాయి. సమీప గ్రామాల నుండి ఆటో సౌకర్యం కూడా ఉంది. వ్యవసాయం కొరకు వాడేందుకు గ్రామంలో ట్రాక్టర్లున్నాయి. ప్రైవేటు బస్సు సౌకర్యం గ్రామానికి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. రైల్వే స్టేషన్ గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది. రాష్ట్ర రహదారి, జిల్లా రహదారి గ్రామం గుండా పోతున్నాయి. జాతీయ రహదారి, ప్రధాన జిల్లా రహదారి గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామంలో తారు రోడ్లు, కంకర రోడ్లు, మట్టిరోడ్లూ ఉన్నాయి.\nగ్రామంలో స్వయం సహాయక బృందం, పౌర సరఫరాల కేంద్రం ఉన్నాయి. వారం వారం సంత గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. \nఏటీఎమ్, వాణిజ్య బ్యాంకు, సహకార బ్యాంకు, వ్యవసాయ పరపతి సంఘం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. రోజువారీ మార్కెట్, వ్యవసాయ మార్కెటింగ్ సొసైటీ గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. \nగ్రామంలో సమీకృత బాలల అభివృద్ధి పథకం, అంగన్ వాడీ కేంద్రం, ఇతర పోషకాహార కేంద్రాలు, ఆశా కార్యకర్త ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామంలో వార్తాపత్రిక పంపిణీ జరుగుతుంది. అసెంబ్లీ పోలింగ్ స్టేషన్, జనన మరణాల నమోదు కార్యాలయం ఉన్నాయి. ఆటల మైదానం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది. సినిమా హాలు, గ్రంథాలయం, పబ్లిక్ రీడింగ్ రూం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. \nగ్రామంలో గృహావసరాల నిమిత్తం విద్యుత్ సరఫరా వ్యవస్థ ఉంది. రోజుకు 7 గంటల పాటు వ్యవసాయానికి, 6 గంటల పాటు వాణిజ్య అవసరాల కోసం కూడా విద్యుత్ సరఫరా చేస్తున్నారు. \nమద్దలచెరువులో భూ వినియోగం కింది విధంగా ఉంది:\nమద్దలచెరువులో వ్యవసాయానికి నీటి సరఫరా కింది వనరుల ద్వారా జరుగుతోంది.\nమద్దలచెరువులో ఈ కింది వస్తువులు ఉత్పత్తి అవుతున్నాయి.\nవేరుశనగ, వరి, కంది", "గుంతనాల\nగుంతనాల, కర్నూలు జిల్లా, నంద్యాల మండలానికి చెందిన గ్రామము.[1]. వంద్యాల సమీపంలో ఊన్న ఈ ఊరు కుందూ నది పక్కనే ఉంటుంది. వరదలు వస్తే ఊరు మునుగుతుంది. మొన్న భారి వర్షాలకు ఊరు మొత్తం మునిగింది. చాలా నష్టం జరిగింది. ఊర్లో అంజనేయ స్వామి గుడి ఉంది. వరి పంట బాగా పండుతుంది. ఈ ఊరిలో గుంత ఉంది. చుట్టుప్రక్కల చుస్తే గుంత లాగా కనిపిస్తుంది. అది కుడా కాలువ లాంటిది కాలువ అంటే వాల కాబట్టి ఈ ఊరికి గుంతనాల అని పేరు వచ్చినది అని పెద్దలు చెప్తారు.ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన నంద్యాల నుండి 18 కి. మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 253 ఇళ్లతో, 935 జనాభాతో 538 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 460, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 475. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 404 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 0. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 594316[2].పిన్ కోడ్: 518593.", "ముత్యంపేట (మల్లియల్)\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన మల్లియల్ నుండి 1 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన జగిత్యాల నుండి 12 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 1252 ఇళ్లతో, 4808 జనాభాతో 966 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 2381, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 2427. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 848 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 51. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 572067[2].పిన్ కోడ్: 505452.", "మండ్ల\nమధ్యప్రదేశ్ రాష్ట్ర 51 జిల్లాలలో మండ్ల జిల్లా (హిందీ:) ఒకటి. మండ్ల పట్టణం జిల్లాకేంద్రంగా ఉంది. జిల్లావైశాల్యం 8771 చ.కి.మీ.2001 గణాంకాలను అనుసరించి జిల్లా జనసంఖ్య 779,414. \nజిల్లాలో 4 తాలూకాలు, 1214 గ్రామాలు ఉన్నాయి. జిల్లాలోని అధికభాగం నర్మదానది ముఖద్వారంలో ఉంది. జిల్లా మహాకోసల భూభాగంలో ఉంది.", "చించల\nరాష్ట్ర రహదారి, ప్రధాన జిల్లా రహదారి, జిల్లా రహదారి గ్రామం నుండి 5 కి.మీ. లోపు దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. జాతీయ రహదారి గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది. \nగ్రామంలో తారు రోడ్లు, కంకర రోడ్లు ఉన్నాయి. ", "మంచాల (చేబ్రోలు మండలం)\nచేబ్రోలు 3 కి.మీ వేటపాలెం 3 కి.మీ తొట్టెంపూడి 4 కి.మీ బ్రాహ్మణకోడూరు 4 కి.మీ గోళ్ళమూడిపాడు 5 కి.మీ", "మఠంగూడెం\nమత్తంగూడెం పశ్చిమ గోదావరి జిల్లా, లింగపాలెం మండలంలోని గ్రామం. ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన లింగపాలెం నుండి 6 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన ఏలూరు నుండి 35 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 690 ఇళ్లతో, 2611 జనాభాతో 469 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 1337, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 1274. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 1090 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 4. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 587974[1].పిన్ కోడ్: 534462.", "పెదంచల\nపెదంచల శ్రీకాకుళం జిల్లా, పలాస మండలంలోని గ్రామం. ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన పలాస నుండి 8 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన పలాస-కాశీబుగ్గ నుండి 8 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 353 ఇళ్లతో, 1363 జనాభాతో 124 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 666, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 697. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 95 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 0. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 580255.పిన్ కోడ్: 532221.ఒక సంచార వైద్య శాలలో డాక్టర్లు లేరు. ముగ్గురు పారామెడికల్ సిబ్బంది ఉన్నారు. ప్రాథమిక ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రం, ప్రాథమిక ఆరోగ్య ఉప కేంద్రం గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. అలోపతి ఆసుపత్రి, డిస్పెన్సరీ, పశు వైద్యశాల, కుటుంబ సంక్షేమ కేంద్రం గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. సమీప సామాజిక ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రం, మాతా శిశు సంరక్షణ కేంద్రం, టి. బి వైద్యశాల గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ. కంటే ఎక్కువ దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. ప్రత్యామ్నాయ ఔషధ ఆసుపత్రి గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ. కంటే ఎక్కువ దూరంలో ఉంది.", "మంచాలకట్ట (కొల్లాపూర్)\nగ్రామానికి సమీప ప్రాంతాల నుండి ప్రభుత్వ రవాణా సంస్థ బస్సులు తిరుగుతున్నాయి. సమీప గ్రామాల నుండి ఆటో సౌకర్యం కూడా ఉంది. ప్రైవేటు బస్సు సౌకర్యం, ట్రాక్టరు సౌకర్యం మొదలైనవి గ్రామానికి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. రైల్వే స్టేషన్ గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది.", "పేరువంచ\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన కల్లూరు నుండి 6 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన ఖమ్మం నుండి 53 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 1161 ఇళ్లతో, 4143 జనాభాతో 1509 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 2104, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 2039. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 1115 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 11. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 579807..పిన్ కోడ్: 507209.", "పెదంచల\nమురుగునీరు బహిరంగ కాలువల ద్వారా ప్రవహిస్తుంది. మురుగునీరు బహిరంగంగా, కచ్చా కాలువల ద్వారా ప్రవహిస్తుంది. మురుగునీటిని నేరుగా జలవనరుల్లోకి వదులుతున్నారు. గ్రామంలో సంపూర్ణ పారిశుధ్య పథకం అమలవుతోంది. సామాజిక మరుగుదొడ్డి సౌకర్యం లేదు. ఇంటింటికీ తిరిగి వ్యర్థాలను సేకరించే వ్యవస్థ లేదు. సామాజిక బయోగ్యాస్ ఉత్పాదక వ్యవస్థ లేదు. చెత్తను వీధుల పక్కనే పారబోస్తారు.గ్రామంలో స్వయం సహాయక బృందం, పౌర సరఫరాల కేంద్రం ఉన్నాయి. రోజువారీ మార్కెట్ గ్రామం నుండి 5 కి.మీ. లోపు దూరంలో ఉంది. ఏటీఎమ్, వాణిజ్య బ్యాంకు, సహకార బ్యాంకు, వ్యవసాయ పరపతి సంఘం గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. వారం వారం సంత గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. వ్యవసాయ మార్కెటింగ్ సొసైటీ గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది.", "హవేలి ముత్యాలంపాడు\n2001 వ.సంవత్సరం జనాభా లెక్కల ప్రకారం గ్రామ జనాభా 1381. ఇందులో పురుషుల సంఖ్య 718, స్త్రీల సంఖ్య 663, గ్రామంలో నివాస గృహాలు 333 ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామ విస్తీర్ణం 276 హెక్టారులు.\n[2] ఈనాడు కృష్ణా/మైలవరం, 2013, ఆగస్టు-12;. 1వపేజీ.\n[3] ఈనాడు కృష్ణా/మైలవరం; 2014, జూలై-6; 1వపేజీ. \n[4] ఈనాడు కృష్ణా/మైలవరం; 2014, డిసెంబరు-15; 1వపేజీ.\n[5] ఈనాడు కృష్ణా/మైలవరం; 2016, మే-9; 1వపేజీ.", "మంగలకుంట\nగత కొన్నిరోజులుగా సరైన వర్షాలు లేకపోవడంతో, గ్రామంలో సాగుచేసిన మిర్చి, ప్రత్తి, కంది పంటలు నిలువునా ఎండిపోవడంతో, వర్షాలు కురవాలని గ్రామస్థులు, 2014, డిసెంబరు-7, ఆదివారం మార్గశిర పౌర్ణమి నాడు, కనకదుర్గమ్మ జాతరను నిర్వహించారు. వనభోజనాలు చేసారు. వానలు కురిపించి గ్రామంలోని పశువులు, ప్రజలను చల్లగా చూడాలని వేడుకున్నారు. [3]2001 వ.సంవత్సరం జనాభా లెక్కల ప్రకారం గ్రామ జనాభా 1,059. ఇందులో పురుషుల సంఖ్య 527, మహిళల సంఖ్య 532, గ్రామంలో నివాస గృహాలు 196 ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామ విస్తీర్ణం 2,185 హెక్టారులు.", "మందపాకల\n2001 వ.సంవత్సరం జనాభా లెక్కల ప్రకారం గ్రామ జనాభా 5277. ఇందులో పురుషుల సంఖ్య 2696, స్త్రీల సంఖ్య 2581, గ్రామంలో నివాస గృహాలు 1398 ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామ విస్తీర్ణం 2705 హెక్టారులు.\n[2] ఈనాడు కృష్ణా/అవనిగడ్డ; 2014, జనవరి-8; 2వపేజీ. \n[3] ఈనాడు కృష్ణా/అవనిగడ్డ; 2014, ఫిబ్రవరి-22; 1వపేజీ.\n[4] ఈనాడు కృష్ణా/అవనిగడ్డ; 2014, మే-11; 1వపేజీ.", "ముత్యాలచెరువు\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన కదిరి నుండి 7 కి. మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 1118 ఇళ్లతో, 4553 జనాభాతో 3431 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 2136, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 2417. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 96 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 2157. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 595261.పిన్ కోడ్: 515581.\nగ్రామంలో ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమిక పాఠశాలలు 8, ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమికోన్నత పాఠశాల ఒకటి ఉన్నాయి. బాలబడి, మాధ్యమిక పాఠశాల‌లు కదిరిలో ఉన్నాయి. \nసమీప జూనియర్ కళాశాల, ప్రభుత్వ ఆర్ట్స్ / సైన్స్ డిగ్రీ కళాశాల కదిరిలోను, ఇంజనీరింగ్ కళాశాల అనంతపురంలోనూ ఉన్నాయి. సమీప వైద్య కళాశాల అనంతపురంలోను, పాలీటెక్నిక్‌ కదిరిలోను, మేనేజిమెంటు కళాశాల పుట్టపర్తిలోనూ ఉన్నాయి. సమీప వృత్తి విద్యా శిక్షణ పాఠశాల కదిరిలోను, అనియత విద్యా కేంద్రం, దివ్యాంగుల ప్రత్యేక పాఠశాల‌లు అనంతపురంలోనూ ఉన్నాయి. ", "మంచాల (చేబ్రోలు మండలం)\nగ్రామంలో గృహావసరాల నిమిత్తం విద్యుత్ సరఫరా వ్యవస్థ ఉంది. రోజుకు 7 గంటల పాటు వ్యవసాయానికి, 20 గంటల పాటు వాణిజ్య అవసరాల కోసం కూడా విద్యుత్ సరఫరా చేస్తున్నారు.", "మకుల్‌పేట్\nమకుల్‌పేట్, తెలంగాణ రాష్ట్రం, మంచిర్యాల  జిల్లా, దండేపల్లి మండలంలోని గ్రామం. \nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన దండేపల్లి నుండి 9 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన మంచిర్యాల నుండి 45 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. ", "చుంచులూరు\nచుంచులూరు ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ రాష్ట్రం, శ్రీ పొట్టి శ్రీరాములు నెల్లూరు జిల్లా, మర్రిపాడు మండలంలోని గ్రామం. ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన మర్రిపాడు నుండి 10 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన బద్వేలు నుండి 30 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 434 ఇళ్లతో, 2059 జనాభాతో 1627 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 1097, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 962. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 769 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 19. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 591802[1].పిన్ కోడ్: 524312.", "కంచల\nగ్రామంలో వ్యవసాయ పరపతి సంఘం ఉంది. గ్రామంలో స్వయం సహాయక బృందం, పౌర సరఫరాల కేంద్రం ఉన్నాయి. ఏటీఎమ్, వాణిజ్య బ్యాంకు, సహకార బ్యాంకు గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. రోజువారీ మార్కెట్, వారం వారం సంత, వ్యవసాయ మార్కెటింగ్ సొసైటీ గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. ", "గుడిమెట్ల (రాచర్ల)\n2001 వ .సంవత్సరం జనాభా లెక్కల ప్రకారం గ్రామ జనాభా 4,315. ఇందులో పురుషుల సంఖ్య 2,237, మహిళల సంఖ్య 2,078, గ్రామంలో నివాస గృహాలు 987 ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామ విస్తీర్ణం 2,194 హెక్టారులు\nతాటిచెర్ల 6 కి.మీ, మోక్షగుండం 7 కి.మీ, సోమిదేవిపల్లి 8 కి.మీ, రాచర్ల 8 కి.మీ, దద్దవాడ 9 కి.మీ.\nపడమరన గిద్దలూరు మండలం, ఉత్తరాన బెస్తవారిపేట మండలం, దక్షణాన కొమరోలు మండలం, ఉత్తరాన కంభం మండలం.\nగుడిమెట్ల శంకరుని పెద్ద చెరువు.\n2013 జూలైలో ఈ గ్రామ పంచాయతీకి జరిగిన ఎన్నికలలో, శ్రీ మధిరె చంద్రశేఖరరెడ్డి, 114 ఓట్ల మెజారిటీతో, సర్పంచిగా ఎన్నికైనారు. [2][2] ఈనాడు ప్రకాశం; 2013,ఆగస్టు-2; 12వపేజీ.\n[3] ఈనాడు ప్రకాశం; 2015,జూన్-1; 5వపేజీ.\n[4] ఈనాడు ప్రకాశం; 2015,జూన్-17; 4వపేజీ.", "మాదమాల\nమదమల చిత్తూరు జిల్లా, శ్రీకాళహస్తి మండలంలోని గ్రామం. ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన శ్రీకాళహస్తి నుండి 18 కి. మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 127 ఇళ్లతో, 472 జనాభాతో 256 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 220, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 252. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 201 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 6. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 595834[2].పిన్ కోడ్: 517 620.", "ముత్యాలు (గ్రామం)\nముత్యాలు శ్రీకాకుళం జిల్లా, సీతంపేట మండలంలోని గ్రామం. ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన సీతంపేట నుండి 14 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన ఆమదాలవలస నుండి 41 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 86 ఇళ్లతో, 536 జనాభాతో 12 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 176, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 360. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 0 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 535. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 580053.పిన్ కోడ్: 532443.", "కంచర్ల\nకంచెర్ల తెలంగాణ రాష్ట్రం, రాజన్న సిరిసిల్ల జిల్లా, వీర్నపల్లి మండలంలోని గ్రామం.\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన ఎల్లారెడ్డిపేట్ నుండి 12 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన సిరిసిల్ల నుండి 30 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 627 ఇళ్లతో, 2689 జనాభాతో 2243 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 1355, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 1334. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 226 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 937. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 572392.పిన్ కోడ్: 505305.", "మద్దాలి\nమద్దాలి ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ రాష్ట్రం, శ్రీ పొట్టి శ్రీరాములు నెల్లూరు జిల్లా, కోట మండలంలోని గ్రామం. ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన కోట నుండి 11 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన గూడూరు నుండి 15 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 410 ఇళ్లతో, 1445 జనాభాతో 696 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 700, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 745. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 502 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 160. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 592518.పిన్ కోడ్: 524410.\nగ్రామంలో ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమిక పాఠశాలలు రెండు ఉన్నాయి. బాలబడి గుడాలిలోను, ప్రాథమికోన్నత పాఠశాల కేశవరంలోను, మాధ్యమిక పాఠశాల చిత్తోడులోనూ ఉన్నాయి. సమీప జూనియర్ కళాశాల, ప్రభుత్వ ఆర్ట్స్ / సైన్స్ డిగ్రీ కళాశాల, ఇంజనీరింగ్ కళాశాల గుడాలిలో ఉన్నాయి. సమీప వైద్య కళాశాల, మేనేజిమెంటు కళాశాల నెల్లూరులోను, పాలీటెక్నిక్ గూడూరులోనూ ఉన్నాయి. సమీప వృత్తి విద్యా శిక్షణ పాఠశాల, అనియత విద్యా కేంద్రం గూడూరులోను, దివ్యాంగుల ప్రత్యేక పాఠశాల నెల్లూరు లోనూ ఉన్నాయి.\nఒక సంచార వైద్య శాలలో డాక్టర్లు లేరు. ముగ్గురు పారామెడికల్ సిబ్బంది ఉన్నారు. సమీప ప్రాథమిక ఆరోగ్య ఉప కేంద్రం గ్రామం నుండి 5 కి.మీ. లోపు దూరంలో ఉంది. డిస్పెన్సరీ, పశు వైద్యశాల గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. సమీప సామాజిక ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రం, ప్రాథమిక ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రం, మాతా శిశు సంరక్షణ కేంద్రం, టి. బి వైద్యశాల గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ. కంటే ఎక్కువ దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. అలోపతి ఆసుపత్రి, ప్రత్యామ్నాయ ఔషధ ఆసుపత్రి, కుటుంబ సంక్షేమ కేంద్రం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ. కంటే ఎక్కువ దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. ", "మార్చాల\n2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 986 ఇళ్లతో, 3956 జనాభాతో 1819 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 2016, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 1940. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 853 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 36. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 575580[1].పిన్ కోడ్: 509320.", "మొద్దులగూడెం\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన దమ్మపేట నుండి 13 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన సత్తుపల్లి నుండి 15 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 581 ఇళ్లతో, 2106 జనాభాతో 703 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 1067, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 1039. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 517 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 378. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 579553.పిన్ కోడ్: 507306.", "మంచాలకట్ట (కొల్లాపూర్)\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన పెంట్లవెల్లి నుండి 17 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన వనపర్తి నుండి 15 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. ", "బోరవంచ\n2001 వ.సంవత్సరం జనాభా లెక్కల ప్రకారం గ్రామ జనాభా 2575.[4] ఇందులో పురుషుల సంఖ్య 1293, స్త్రీల సంఖ్య 1282, గ్రామంలో నివాస గృహాలు 541 ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామ విస్తీర్ణం 1304 హెక్టారులు.", "కంచల\nగ్రామంలో అంగన్ వాడీ కేంద్రం, ఇతర పోషకాహార కేంద్రాలు, ఆశా కార్యకర్త ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామంలో వార్తాపత్రిక పంపిణీ జరుగుతుంది. అసెంబ్లీ పోలింగ్ స్టేషన్, జనన మరణాల నమోదు కార్యాలయం ఉన్నాయి. సమీకృత బాలల అభివృద్ధి పథకం, ఆటల మైదానం గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. సినిమా హాలు, గ్రంథాలయం, పబ్లిక్ రీడింగ్ రూం గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. ", "వంచంగి\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన రాజవొమ్మంగి నుండి 28 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన పెద్దాపురం నుండి 70 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 144 ఇళ్లతో, 450 జనాభాతో 342 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 223, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 227. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 7 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 418. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 586940[2].పిన్ కోడ్: 533429.", "రామంచ (చిన్న కోడూరు)\n2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 804 ఇళ్లతో, 3290 జనాభాతో 1267 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 1601, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 1689. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 776 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 29. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 573013.పిన్ కోడ్: 502276.", "ముస్త్యాల\n2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 1244 ఇళ్లతో, 5442 జనాభాతో 2269 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 2877, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 2565. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 860 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 14. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 577625.పిన్ కోడ్: 506224.", "మంచాల (చేబ్రోలు మండలం)\nగ్రామంలో స్వయం సహాయక బృందం, పౌర సరఫరాల కేంద్రం ఉన్నాయి. ఏటీఎమ్, వాణిజ్య బ్యాంకు, సహకార బ్యాంకు, వ్యవసాయ పరపతి సంఘం గ్రామం నుండి 5 కి.మీ. లోపు దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. రోజువారీ మార్కెట్, వారం వారం సంత, వ్యవసాయ మార్కెటింగ్ సొసైటీ గ్రామం నుండి 5 కి.మీ. లోపు దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి.", "మంచాలకట్ట (కొల్లాపూర్)\nపోస్టాఫీసు సౌకర్యం, సబ్ పోస్టాఫీసు సౌకర్యం గ్రామానికి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. పోస్ట్ అండ్ టెలిగ్రాఫ్ ఆఫీసు గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది. మొబైల్ ఫోన్ ఉంది. లాండ్ లైన్ టెలిఫోన్, పబ్లిక్ ఫోన్ ఆఫీసు, ఇంటర్నెట్ కెఫె / సామాన్య సేవా కేంద్రం, ప్రైవేటు కొరియర్ గ్రామానికి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి.", "మంచాల (చేబ్రోలు మండలం)\nఈ గ్రామ పంచాయతీ 1956లో ఏర్పడినది. 2013 జూలైలో ఈ గ్రామ పంచాయతీకి జరిగిన ఎన్నికలలో శ్రీమతి మండలనేని ధనలక్ష్మి సర్పంచిగా ఏకగ్రీవంగా ఎన్నికైనారు. శ్రీ అన్నదాసు అంకమ్మారావు ఉపసర్పంచిగా ఎన్నికైనారు. [3]&[4]", "చిట్టేల\nచిట్టేల కృష్ణా జిల్లా, తిరువూరు మండలంలోని గ్రామం. ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన తిరువూరు నుండి 5 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన విజయవాడ నుండి 55 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 339 ఇళ్లతో, 1315 జనాభాతో 875 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 646, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 669. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 397 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 50. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 588975[1].పిన్ కోడ్: 521227.", "మకం\nమకం (242) అన్నది అమృత్ సర్ జిల్లాకు చెందిన అజ్నలా తాలూకాలోని గ్రామం, ఇది 2011 జనగణన ప్రకారం 195 ఇళ్లతో మొత్తం 1058 జనాభాతో 260 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. సమీప పట్టణమైన అజ్నలా అన్నది 4 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 562, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 496గా ఉంది. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 12 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 0. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 37356[1].", "మంచాల (చేబ్రోలు మండలం)\nఈ గ్రామం మండల పరిధిలో ఓ.డి.ఎఫ్. (Open Defection free) సాధించిన ఏకైక గ్రామముగా నిలిచింది. 100% మరుగుదొడ్ల నిర్మాణం జరిగి, బహిరంగ మల విసర్జన రహిత గ్రామంగా నిలవడంతో, ఈ గ్రామాన్ని ఓ.డి.ఎఫ్.గ్రామంగా ప్రకటించారు. గుంటూరులోని వేంకటేశ్వర విఙానకేంద్రంలో 2017, మార్చి-8న నిర్వహించిన ఒక కార్యక్రమములో గ్రామ సర్పంచి శ్రీమతి మండలనేని ధనలక్ష్మికి, ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్ రాష్త్ర శాసనసభాపతి శ్రీ కోడెల శివప్రసాద్ మరియు జిల్లా పరిషత్తు ఛైర్‌పర్సన్ శ్రీమతి జానీమూన్, ఈ మేరకు ఒక ధ్రువపత్రం అందజేసినారు. [8]", "కమంచికల్\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన ఖమ్మం (గ్రా) నుండి 7 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన ఖమ్మం నుండి 7 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 836 ఇళ్లతో, 2817 జనాభాతో 623 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 1454, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 1363. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 577 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 59. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 579654.పిన్ కోడ్: 507003.", "మంచాల (చేబ్రోలు మండలం)\nగ్రామంలో సమీకృత బాలల అభివృద్ధి పథకం, అంగన్ వాడీ కేంద్రం, ఇతర పోషకాహార కేంద్రాలు ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామంలో వార్తాపత్రిక పంపిణీ జరుగుతుంది. అసెంబ్లీ పోలింగ్ స్టేషన్, జనన మరణాల నమోదు కార్యాలయం ఉన్నాయి. ఆశా కార్యకర్త, ఆటల మైదానం గ్రామం నుండి 5 కి.మీ. లోపు దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. సినిమా హాలు, గ్రంథాలయం, పబ్లిక్ రీడింగ్ రూం గ్రామం నుండి 5 కి.మీ.లోపు దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి.", "మంచాల (చేబ్రోలు మండలం)\nతాడేపల్లి, మంగళగిరి, తుళ్లూరు, దుగ్గిరాల, తెనాలి, తాడికొండ, గుంటూరు మండలం, చేబ్రోలు, మేడికొండూరు, పెదకాకాని, వట్టిచెరుకూరు, అమరావతి, కొల్లిపర, వేమూరు, కొల్లూరు, అమృతలూరు, చుండూరు మండలాలతో పాటు ఆయా మండలాల పట్టణ ప్రాంతం కూడా సీఆర్‌డీఏ పరిధిలోకి వస్తుంది.", "మంచాల (చేబ్రోలు మండలం)\nవర్గం:ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ సీఆర్‌డీఏ గ్రామాలు", "మంచాల (చేబ్రోలు మండలం)\nఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ రాజధాని ప్రాంత అభివృద్ధి ప్రాధికార సంస్థ (సీఆర్‌డీఏ) పరిధిలోకి వస్తున్న మండలాలు, గ్రామాలను ప్రభుత్వం విడిగా గుర్తిస్తూ ఉత్తర్వులు జారీచేసింది. ప్రస్తుతం గుర్తించిన వాటిలోని చాలా గ్రామాలు వీజీటీఎం పరిధిలో ఉన్నాయి. గతంలో వీజీటీఎం పరిధిలో ఉన్న వాటితోపాటుగా ఇప్పుడు మరిన్ని కొన్ని గ్రామాలు చేరాయి. సీఆర్‌డీఏ పరిధిలోకి వచ్చే గుంటూరు, కృష్ణా జిల్లాల్లోని మండలాలు, గ్రామాలను గుర్తిస్తూ పురపాలక శాఖ ముఖ్య కార్యదర్శి ఉత్తర్వులు జారీ చేశారు.[2]", "మంచాల (చేబ్రోలు మండలం)\nమంచాలలో భూ వినియోగం కింది విధంగా ఉంది:", "మద్ది వంచ\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన గార్ల నుండి 9 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన ఇల్లందు నుండి 25 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 409 ఇళ్లతో, 1386 జనాభాతో 779 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 705, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 681. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 114 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 634. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 579442.పిన్ కోడ్: 507210.", "ముక్తేశ్వరపురం\nఈ దేవాలయానికి ఉన్న మాన్యంభూమి వివరాలు:- నందిగామ మండలం చెరువుకొమ్ముపాలెం గ్రామంలో 24.41 ఎకరాల మెట్టభూమి, నందిగామ మండలానికే చెందిన కంచల గ్రామంలో 4.11 ఎకరాల మెట్ట భూమి. [2]\nకృష్ణానది మెట్లమార్గంలోని ఈ ఆలయాన్ని 2016,ఆగష్టులో, పుష్కరాల సందర్భంగా తొలగించినారు. గ్రామస్థుల, భక్తుల ఆర్ధిక సహకారంతో ఆలయాన్ని పునర్నిర్మించినారు. ఈ ఆలయ పునర్నిర్మాణ మహోత్సవాలు, 2017,జూన్-12వతేదీ సోమవారంనాడు వైభవంగా నిర్వహించినారు. దేవాలయ, జీవధ్వజస్థంభ ప్రతిష్ఠలు అంగరంగ వైభవంగా నిర్వహించినారు. అనంతరం భక్తులకు అన్నప్రసాద వితరణ నిర్వహించినారు. [4]", "మాదల\nఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన ముప్పాళ్ళ నుండి 4 కి. మీ. దూరం లోను, సమీప పట్టణమైన సత్తెనపల్లి నుండి 10 కి. మీ. దూరంలోనూ ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 2914 ఇళ్లతో, 11184 జనాభాతో 3155 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 5543, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 5641. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 2095 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 523. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 590164.", "ముప్పాళ్ళ\n2001 వ.సంవత్సరం జనాభా లెక్కల ప్రకారం గ్రామ జనాభా 5742. ఇందులో పురుషుల సంఖ్య 2886, స్త్రీల సంఖ్య 2856, గ్రామంలో నివాస గృహాలు 1428 ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామ విస్తీర్ణం 1584 హెక్టారులు.\n[1] ఈనాడు అమరావతి/నందిగామ; 2017,మార్చి-9; 2వపేజీ. \n[2] ఈనాడు అమరావతి/నందిగామ; 2017,జులై-6; 1వపేజీ.", "మంచాలకట్ట (కొల్లాపూర్)\n2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 191 ఇళ్లతో, 744 జనాభాతో 979 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 390, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 354. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 127 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 0. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 576366.పిన్ కోడ్: 509102.అక్షరాస్యత శాతం 44.89%. గ్రామ కోడ్ సంఖ్య 576366.", "మారెళ్ల (ముండ్లమూరు)\n2001 వ .సంవత్సరం జనాభా లెక్కల ప్రకారం గ్రామ జనాభా 4,301.[2] ఇందులో పురుషుల సంఖ్య 2,304, మహిళల సంఖ్య 1,997, గ్రామంలో నివాస గృహాలు 898 ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామ విస్తీర్ణం 2,184 హెక్టారులు.", "మకోవల్\nమకోవల్ (266) అన్నది అమృత్ సర్ జిల్లాకు చెందిన అజ్నలా తాలూకాలోని గ్రామం, ఇది 2011 జనగణన ప్రకారం 276 ఇళ్లతో మొత్తం 1466 జనాభాతో 570 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. సమీప పట్టణమైన అజ్నలా అన్నది 12 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 766, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 700గా ఉంది. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 162 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 0. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 37340.గ్రామంలో 1 ప్రైవేటు బాలబడులుఉంది\nగ్రామంలో 1 ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమిక పాఠశాలఉంది\nసమీపమాధ్యమిక పాఠశాలలు (సుధర్) గ్రామానికి 5 కిలోమీటర్ల లోపే ఉంది.\nసమీపమాధ్యమిక పాఠశాల (వచ్చోవా) గ్రామానికి 5 కిలోమీటర్ల లోపే ఉంది.\nసమీపసీనియర్ మాధ్యమిక పాఠశాలలు (వచ్చోవా) గ్రామానికి 5 కిలోమీటర్ల లోపే ఉంది.\nసమీప\"ఆర్ట్స్, సైన్స్, మరియు కామర్సు డిగ్రీ కళాశాలలు\" (అజ్నలా) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది\nసమీపఇంజనీరింగ్ కళాశాలలు (అమృత్ సర్) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది\nసమీపవైద్య కళాశాలలు (అమృత్ సర్) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది\nసమీపమేనేజ్మెంట్ సంస్థలు (అమృత్ సర్) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది\nసమీపపాలీటెక్నిక్ లు (అమృత్ సర్) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది\nసమీపవృత్తివిద్యా శిక్షణ పాఠశాలలు (అజ్నలా) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది\nసమీపఅనియత విద్యా కేంద్రాలు (అమృత్ సర్) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది\nసమీపదివ్యాంగుల ప్రత్యేక పాఠశాల (అమృత్ సర్) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది\nసమీపఇతర విద్యా సౌకర్యాలు (అమృత్ సర్) గ్రామానికి 10 కిలోమీటర్ల కన్నా దూరంలో ఉంది", "మంచాల్ (గ్రామం)\n2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 1060 ఇళ్లతో, 4507 జనాభాతో 1624 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 2142, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 2365. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 1101 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 240. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 574863.పిన్ కోడ్: 501508.", "మంచాలకట్ట (కొల్లాపూర్)\nమంచాలకట్టలో ఉన్న ఒక ప్రాథమిక ఆరోగ్య ఉప కేంద్రంలో డాక్టర్లు లేరు. ఒకరు పారామెడికల్ సిబ్బంది ఉన్నారు. ఒక సంచార వైద్య శాలలో డాక్టర్లు లేరు. ముగ్గురు పారామెడికల్ సిబ్బంది ఉన్నారు. ప్రాథమిక ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రం గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. పశు వైద్యశాల గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. సమీప సామాజిక ఆరోగ్య కేంద్రం, మాతా శిశు సంరక్షణ కేంద్రం, టి. బి వైద్యశాల గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ. కంటే ఎక్కువ దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. అలోపతి ఆసుపత్రి, ప్రత్యామ్నాయ ఔషధ ఆసుపత్రి, డిస్పెన్సరీ, కుటుంబ సంక్షేమ కేంద్రం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ. కంటే ఎక్కువ దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి.", "కడిమెట్ల\nకడిమెట్ల, కర్నూలు జిల్లా, యెమ్మిగనూరు మండలానికి చెందిన గ్రామము.[1]. పిన్ కోడ్: 518 360. ఇది మండల కేంద్రమైన యెమ్మిగనూరు నుండి 10 కి. మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. 2011 భారత జనగణన గణాంకాల ప్రకారం ఈ గ్రామం 1699 ఇళ్లతో, 8919 జనాభాతో 3098 హెక్టార్లలో విస్తరించి ఉంది. గ్రామంలో మగవారి సంఖ్య 4489, ఆడవారి సంఖ్య 4430. షెడ్యూల్డ్ కులాల సంఖ్య 1275 కాగా షెడ్యూల్డ్ తెగల సంఖ్య 25. గ్రామం యొక్క జనగణన లొకేషన్ కోడ్ 593840[2].పిన్ కోడ్: 518360.", "మంచాల (చేబ్రోలు మండలం)\nగ్రామంలో ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమిక పాఠశాల ఒకటి, ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమికోన్నత పాఠశాల ఒకటి ఉంది. బాలబడి, మాధ్యమిక పాఠశాల‌లు చేబ్రోలులో ఉన్నాయి. సమీప జూనియర్ కళాశాల, ప్రభుత్వ ఆర్ట్స్ / సైన్స్ డిగ్రీ కళాశాల, ఇంజనీరింగ్ కళాశాల చేబ్రోలులో ఉన్నాయి. సమీప మేనేజిమెంటు కళాశాల చేబ్రోలులోను, వైద్య కళాశాల, పాలీటెక్నిక్‌లు గుంటూరులోనూ ఉన్నాయి. సమీప వృత్తి విద్యా శిక్షణ పాఠశాల, అనియత విద్యా కేంద్రం, దివ్యాంగుల ప్రత్యేక పాఠశాల గుంటూరులో ఉన్నాయి.", "కంచల\nకంచెలలో సబ్ పోస్టాఫీసు సౌకర్యం ఉంది. పోస్టాఫీసు సౌకర్యం, పోస్ట్ అండ్ టెలిగ్రాఫ్ ఆఫీసు గ్రామానికి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. లాండ్ లైన్ టెలిఫోన్, పబ్లిక్ ఫోన్ ఆఫీసు, మొబైల్ ఫోన్ మొదలైన సౌకర్యాలు ఉన్నాయి. ఇంటర్నెట్ కెఫె / సామాన్య సేవా కేంద్రం, ప్రైవేటు కొరియర్ గ్రామానికి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. \nగ్రామానికి సమీప ప్రాంతాల నుండి ప్రభుత్వ రవాణా సంస్థ బస్సులు తిరుగుతున్నాయి. సమీప గ్రామాల నుండి ఆటో సౌకర్యం కూడా ఉంది. ప్రైవేటు బస్సు సౌకర్యం, ట్రాక్టరు సౌకర్యం మొదలైనవి గ్రామానికి 5 కి.మీ. లోపు దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. రైల్వే స్టేషన్ గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది. జాతీయ రహదారి, ప్రధాన జిల్లా రహదారి, జిల్లా రహదారి గ్రామం గుండా పోతున్నాయి. రాష్ట్ర రహదారి గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది. గ్రామంలో తారు రోడ్లు, కంకర రోడ్లు ఉన్నాయి. జగ్గయ్యపేట, నందిగామ నుండి రోడ్దు రవాణా సౌకర్యం ఉంది. రైల్వేస్టేషన్ విజయవాడ 44 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది.", "మడిచెర్ల\n2001 వ.సంవత్సరం జనాభా లెక్కల ప్రకారం గ్రామ జనాభా 3967. ఇందులో పురుషుల సంఖ్య 2037, స్త్రీల సంఖ్య 1930, గ్రామంలో నివాస గృహాలు 879 ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామ విస్తీర్ణం 1590 హెక్టారులు.\n[2] ఈనాడు విజయవాడ; 2013, జూలై-24; 15వపేజీ.\n[3] ఈనాడు విజయవాడ/గన్నవరం; 2014, జనవరి-31; 3వపేజీ.\n[4] ఈనాడు విజయవాడ; 2014, జూన్-13; 4వపేజీ.\n[5] ఈనాడు కృష్ణా; 2015, డిసెంబరు-24; 15వపేజీ.", "మంచన్‌పల్లి\nమంచన్‌పల్లిలో సబ్ పోస్టాఫీసు సౌకర్యం ఉంది. పోస్టాఫీసు సౌకర్యం గ్రామానికి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. పోస్ట్ అండ్ టెలిగ్రాఫ్ ఆఫీసు గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది. పబ్లిక్ ఫోన్ ఆఫీసు, మొబైల్ ఫోన్ మొదలైన సౌకర్యాలు ఉన్నాయి. లాండ్ లైన్ టెలిఫోన్ గ్రామానికి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉంది. ఇంటర్నెట్ కెఫె / సామాన్య సేవా కేంద్రం, ప్రైవేటు కొరియర్ గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి.", "మంచాల (మంత్రాలయము)\nగ్రామంలో ఒక ప్రైవేటు బాలబడి ఉంది. ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమిక పాఠశాలలు మూడు, ప్రైవేటు ప్రాథమిక పాఠశాలలు నాలుగు, ప్రభుత్వ ప్రాథమికోన్నత పాఠశాల ఒకటి , ప్రైవేటు ప్రాథమికోన్నత పాఠశాలలు నాలుగు, ప్రభుత్వ మాధ్యమిక పాఠశాల ఒకటి, ప్రైవేటు మాధ్యమిక పాఠశాలలు మూడు ఉన్నాయి. ఒక ప్రభుత్వ జూనియర్ కళాశాల ఉంది. సమీప ప్రభుత్వ ఆర్ట్స్ / సైన్స్ డిగ్రీ కళాశాల, సమీప వృత్తి విద్యా శిక్షణ పాఠశాల, అనియత విద్యా కేంద్రం , యెమ్మిగనూరు లోను, ఇంజనీరింగ్ కళాశాల , పాలీటెక్నిక్‌మేనేజిమెంటు కళాశాల యెర్రకోటలోనూ ఉన్నాయి.దివ్యాంగుల ప్రత్యేక పాఠశాల, సమీప వైద్య కళాశాల, కర్నూలు లోనూ ఉన్నాయి.", "మంచాలకట్ట (గడివేముల)\nగ్రామంలో సమీకృత బాలల అభివృద్ధి పథకం, అంగన్ వాడీ కేంద్రం, ఇతర పోషకాహార కేంద్రాలు, ఆశా కార్యకర్త ఉన్నాయి. గ్రామంలో వార్తాపత్రిక పంపిణీ జరుగుతుంది. అసెంబ్లీ పోలింగ్ స్టేషన్, జనన మరణాల నమోదు కార్యాలయం ఉన్నాయి. సినిమా హాలు, గ్రంథాలయం గ్రామం నుండి 5 నుండి 10 కి.మీ. దూరంలో ఉన్నాయి. ఆటల మైదానం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది. పబ్లిక్ రీడింగ్ రూం గ్రామం నుండి 10 కి.మీ.కి పైబడిన దూరంలో ఉంది." ]

[ 13.203125 ]

[ -9.7734375, -10.140625, -12.9609375, -4.22265625, -12.703125, -10.5859375, 8.8828125, -9.2265625, -10.0703125, -9.375, -9.5546875, -7.9375, -10.3046875, -7.51171875, -10.4921875, -8.765625, -11.3984375, -12.7109375, -11.4375, -9.3125, -13.203125, -9.546875, -10.578125, -11.765625, -10.7578125, -10.359375, -10, -11.140625, -8.578125, -9.234375, -6.53125, -10.6484375, -10.03125, -11.171875, -8.3984375, -5.81640625, -11.5390625, -10.4375, -12.5859375, -3.447265625, -10.921875, -10.9921875, -6.58984375, -10.8046875, -13.140625, -10.7890625, -8.4453125, -11.34375, -13.1640625, -9.828125, -13.125, -9.421875, -9.2265625, -8.078125, -9.4609375, -12.3359375, -13.078125, -10.90625, -13.1171875, -9.1015625, -6.21875, -11.140625, -9.8671875, -11.046875, -2.05859375, -9.4453125, -12.6328125, -10.2421875, -13.125, -8.984375, -10.0859375, -8.671875, -11.59375, -12.96875, -9.6953125, -8.875, -9.6171875, -10.53125, -9.109375, -10.515625, -11.65625, -12.1171875, -12.390625, -12.1171875, -9.5703125, -13.15625, -8.4453125, -8.25, -7.31640625, -8.125, -11.34375, -8.875, -13.171875, -8.09375, -12.28125, -12.890625, -7.19140625, -13.09375, -10.921875, -12.6484375 ]

[ "I have my doubts about if that can be true." ]

[ "I completely trust what you're telling me.", "two boys stand with a dog", "Baseball catcher trying to tag out a player from another planet.", "The woman is wearing a baseball glove.", "They walked into the hall separately without falling.", "There is a cathedral and a campanile in the Piazza del Duomo.", "The Commission said a date stamp would tell users the telephone works with hearing aids." ]

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[ "She looks for sales like we all do." ]

[ "She buys stuff regardless if they're on sale or not.", "a frowning woman in a red helmet holds a long rope indoors", "Donatello alone designed the entirety of the Old Sacristy.", "Naked men waiting.", "I hated the shining.", "These games can get really close at the end.", "the people are lying on therir beds" ]

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[ "I put my tent up and built a fire, and was having a good time until it snowed and the temperature dropped to seventeen degrees below zero." ]

[ "I stayed in my car while it snowed.", "Two men are playing with a ball.", "The church of San Giovanni degli Eremiti has a pink dome on top.", "Better weapon systems space outcomes can be achieved through matching needs and resources.", "Lorna did not win any money after going to court against her ex-husband.", "A white-haired child is sitting on a chair in a room", "Gore never mentioned Horton at all, let alone that he was black." ]

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[ "The Equal Justice Foundation provides funding to programs that make legal help more accessible." ]

[ "The Equal Justice Foundation provided a $15,000 grant to the organization.", "two girls are sleeping in their bedroom", "The people are wearing costumes.", "A boy is performing tricks on a skateboard.", "A man swims in the river.", "A man runs past a boy.", "What is doing experiments on living or dead people?" ]

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[ "She was furious." ]

[ "He remembered her laughing and smiling.", "A young woman bent her leg.", "Steve Jurvetson is a 33-year-old venture capitalist", "The financial news boom gives investors all the information they need.", "Veronica's Closet is on NBC.", "Agencies worked towards generating good financial statements.", "A green bridge is near the front of a house." ]

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[ "A group of people ride on a roller coaster" ]

[ "People on a merry-go-round at a fair", "A woman is having a conversation.", "A man takes his wife and son to the store to buy waffles.", "Two men driving cars next to each other.", "Hinduism does not have a formal church instead focusing on a virtuous life.", "Central Lisbon does not include the areas of Lapa and Bairro Alto.", "A boy is riding a bike with an older boy running next to him." ]

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[ "Scopes Trial Scopes Trial The Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case in July 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school. The trial was deliberately staged in order to attract publicity to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, where it was held. Scopes was unsure whether he had ever actually taught evolution, but he purposely incriminated himself so" ]

[ "George Rappleyea \"Monkey\" Trial. (Note: The name is often spelled \"Rappalyea\" but the spelling \"Rappleyea\" is what appears in L. Sprague de Camp's book \"The Great Monkey Trial\" and the author interviewed Rappleyea before his death.) George Washington Rappleyea was noted for his part in the Scopes Evolution Trial, his work as a Vice President of the Higgins Boat Company, which made landing crafts for use in WWII, his scientific patents and his part in weapons procurement for a raid on Cuba. He was born on July 4, 1894 in New York City to George M. Rappleyea and Marian Rogers. His family", "Kirtley F. Mather Award for the best science book for young people and the Book Award of the Geographic Society of Chicago. Mather is known for his role in the 1925 Scopes \"Monkey Trial\". For the trial he submitted a deposition for the defense and helped Clarence Darrow rehearse his questioning of William Jennings Bryan. Mather's biographer, Kennard Bork, notes this in relation to Mather's involvement with the trial: By 1924 Mather had already perceived the threat of biblical literalism as used by some segments of the religious Right. Offended by methods and claims of the anti-evolutionists, he declared that his love of", "George Rappleyea the United States presidency on three occasions. Rappleyea went to New York City to discuss the situation with the ACLU and get their financial assistance for a defending lawyer. When Clarence Darrow heard that Bryan was going to prosecute the case, he volunteered to be the defending lawyer. This set the stage for the \"trial of the century\". The trial, which started on July 21, 1925, brought in news reporters and spectators from across the country. The scene attracted circus performers with monkeys and an ape. The court house temperature was very high and the court room so full that", "The Great Monkey Trial County Courthouse), and a couple of visits to Dayton. The book also contains several political cartoons published at the time of the trial. Several critics have referred to the book as the definitive or comprehensive account of the Scopes Trial. In the preface, de Camp states that the books goal is to \"tell the story of the Scopes evolution trial of 1925, at Dayton, Tennessee, as truthfully as possible.\" De Camp rejects previous descriptions of the trial such as \"a witch hunt\", \"a travesty of justice\", or \"a deathblow to Fundamentalism.\" Instead, de Camp classifies the trial as one battle", "Monkey Town (novel) Monkey Town (novel) Monkey Town: The Summer of the Scopes Trial is a 2006 novel written by American author Ronald Kidd. The story is set in summer 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee, and is based on the Scopes Trial. Frances Robinson, a fifteen-year-old daydreamer, lives in Dayton, a small town in Tennessee. When the summer starts, she wants only to play tennis and drink Coke. However, things bounce out of normal range when her father, the school board chairman, arrests local teacher (and Frances' friend and love interest) John Scopes for teaching Charles Darwin's evolution theory in class, in an effort", "Molly Maguires attempt, McParland had sought to arrange protection for the mine boss, but was unsuccessful. When Gowen first hired the Pinkerton agency, he had claimed the Molly Maguires were so powerful they had made powerful financial sources and organized labor \"their puppets\". When the trials of the alleged puppet-masters opened, Gowen had himself appointed as special prosecutor. The first trials were for the killing of John P. Jones. The three defendants, Michael J. Doyle, Jimmy Kerrigan and Edward Kelly, had elected to receive separate trials. Doyle went first, with his trial beginning January 18, 1876, and a conviction for first-degree murder", "Silver Spring monkeys were not cruel, and that at the time there was a \"laxness of standards\" in animal care that, he wrote, would hardly be conceivable today. According to Peter Carlson, every aspect of the case was disputed by experts on both sides during the first trial in October 1981. The prosecution said that Taub's lab was filthy and unhealthy, and federal inspection reports and witnesses supported the charge. Taub said the lab was no dirtier than any other, and he also produced federal inspection reports and witnesses to support his position. Veterinarians speaking for the prosecution said Taub's failure to bandage", "Scopes Trial be willing to stand trial.\" Scopes urged students to testify against him and coached them in their answers. He was indicted on May 25, after three students testified against him at the grand jury; one student afterwards told reporters, \"I believe in part of evolution, but I don't believe in the monkey business.\" Judge John T. Raulston accelerated the convening of the grand jury and \"... all but instructed the grand jury to indict Scopes, despite the meager evidence against him and the widely reported stories questioning whether the willing defendant had ever taught evolution in the classroom\". Scopes was", "Kirtley F. Mather and religion. He was comfortable and respected in both camps. Today his wisdom and authority are more important than ever. Kirtley F. Mather Kirtley Fletcher Mather (February 13, 1888May 5, 1978) was an American geologist and faculty member at Harvard University. An expert on petroleum geology and mineralogy, Mather was a prominent scholar, advocate for academic freedom, social activist, and critic of McCarthyism. He is known for his efforts to harmonize the dialogue between science and religion, his role in the Scopes \"Monkey Trial\", his faith-based liberal activism, and his advocacy for adult education programs. Kirtley Mather was the second", "Jabbar Collins York Times article, Collins accused Vecchione of “playing God” in his threats against witnesses, elicitation of inaccurate testimonies, and withholding of exculpatory evidence. The misconduct which Collins believed deprived him of a fair trial, included the elicitation of a testimony from Angel Santos, one of the three witnesses who testified in the 1995 trial. In his testimony at the aborted habeas corpus hearing, Santos recounted coercion by Vecchione at the initial trial, stating that he was not only threatened but also held in jail for a week, until he testified. The settlement spared the testimony of Vecchione who, in 2006,", "Monkey Girl Monkey Girl Monkey Girl: Evolution, Education, Religion, and the Battle for America's Soul is a 2007 non fiction book about the \"Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District\" trial of 2005. Author Edward Humes, a Pulitzer Prize-winning American journalist, interviewed interested parties to the controversy around a school board's decision to introduce the concept of intelligent design into public school lessons on science. The book describes in detail the experiences of those caught up in the actions of the school board and the ensuing Dover trial, in the context of the intelligent design movement and the ascendency of the American religious", "Wells Spicer did not wish to implicate members of the Mormon hierarchy. Spicer assembled a legal team that consisted of Enos D. Hoge and William W. Bishop with eyewitness John McFarlane as an assistant (the team of George Bates and Jabez Sutherland was there more to protect the LDS Church than to defend Lee). Lee's trial began in late July 1875. After the prosecution spent several days detailing the \"lurid and horrible details\" of the massacre, Spicer presented his opening argument by spending 3 hours detailing other possible theories: that the Indians were solely responsible and Lee tried to save the doomed", "Lisa the Skeptic raised of why angels or other spiritual entities would even leave skeletons behind in the first place. The scene in the courtroom where Lisa is put on trial for stealing the skeleton is seen as a reference to the 1920s Scopes Monkey Trial in Dayton, Tennessee, which dealt with issues of separation of church and state and the debate between creationism and evolution. The publicity stunt created by the mall developers in the episode has been compared to scientific hoaxes such as the Cardiff Giant and the Piltdown Man. When Lisa asks if the townspeople are outraged at the end", "The Great Monkey Trial one of the scientists who testified for the defense in the Scopes Trial, spoke highly of the book in a review that appeared in \"Science\". Mathers referred to the book as the definitive account of the Scopes trial, praising its ability to capture both the atmosphere and the human element of the trial. Mathers also highly commended the research that went into the book. However, he notes one instance where he feels that de Camp misrepresents thoughts that may have gone through trial members' minds as things which were actually said in court. Mathers also notes several typographic errors, including", "Kirtley F. Mather Kirtley F. Mather Kirtley Fletcher Mather (February 13, 1888May 5, 1978) was an American geologist and faculty member at Harvard University. An expert on petroleum geology and mineralogy, Mather was a prominent scholar, advocate for academic freedom, social activist, and critic of McCarthyism. He is known for his efforts to harmonize the dialogue between science and religion, his role in the Scopes \"Monkey Trial\", his faith-based liberal activism, and his advocacy for adult education programs. Kirtley Mather was the second of six children born to William Green Mather (1855–1937) and Julia Sabrina King (1860–1938). William Mather was the son of", "Humorist (1880–1956) was a journalist, satirist, cultural critic and scholar of American English. Known as the \"Sage of Baltimore\", he is regarded as one of the most influential American writers and prose stylists of the first half of the 20th century. He commented widely on the social scene, literature, music, prominent politicians and contemporary movements. He is known for dubbing the Scopes trial \"the Monkey Trial\". James Thurber (1894–1961) was a cartoonist, author, journalist, playwright, and celebrated wit, best known for his cartoons and short stories published mainly in \"The New Yorker\". Bennett Cerf (1898–1971) was one of the founders of", "Animal trial on several occasions, particularly in sixteenth-century France, though the allegation in such cases was always levelled against human defendants. In September 2015, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals sued David Slater on behalf of a monkey named Naruto. The judge dismissed the case, ruling that the monkey did not have legal standing. PETA later appealed the ruling, the appeal was rejected on April 23, 2018. Animal trial In legal history, an animal trial was the criminal trial of a non-human animal. Such trials are recorded as having taken place in Europe from the thirteenth century until the eighteenth. In", "Thalia Massie Fortescue, was deeply disturbed by the release of the defendants and many U.S. Navy personnel at Pearl Harbor were outraged. A short time later, Joseph Kahahawai was abducted when leaving the courthouse after a probation hearing and was found, shot dead, in the back seat of Grace Fortescue's car. Defended by attorney Clarence Darrow of the Scopes Monkey Trial fame, Fortescue, Thalia's husband Thomas Massie, and two Navy sailors were eventually tried and convicted of manslaughter in the death of Kahahawai. Originally sentenced to 10 years, their sentence was commuted to one hour in the executive chambers of Governor Lawrence", "The Stone Monkey The State Department gives in, and several INS and State Department employees are forced into early retirement. Ghost is scheduled for trial, and is likely to face the death penalty, or life imprisonment at the very least. The Chang and Wu families proceed with their asylum hearings which are implied to have succeeded. The Stone Monkey The Stone Monkey is a novel by crime writer Jeffery Deaver. First published in 2002, it is the fourth Deaver novel featuring the quadraplegic detective Lincoln Rhyme. As the US Coast Guard moves to intercept a ship off the coast of New York, which", "Massie Trial Massie Trial The Massie Trial for what was known as the Massie Affair, was a 1932 criminal trial that took place in Honolulu, Hawaii. Grace Hubbard Fortescue, along with several accomplices, was charged with murder in the death of well known local prizefighter Joseph Kahahawai. Fortescue was the mother of Thalia Massie, who had brought charges that Kahahawai was one of a group of men that had raped her. Grace Hubbard Fortescue, \"née\" Grace Hubbard Bell, was the granddaughter of Gardiner Greene Hubbard, the first president of the National Geographic Society. Her father, Charles John Bell, was first cousin of", "Felicia Tang being, a daughter, a sister, a friend to many who continue to love and honor her, as much in life and in her passing.\" Randone's trial began on November 16, 2011. The medical examiner stated that Tang was found with 320 wounds from blunt force trauma (not including bruises) and with high doses of the drug GHB in her system, together with trace amounts of cocaine. A witness testified that Tang had been a regular user of GHB for years, and that she had also used cocaine and/or crystal methamphetamine. The prosecution argued that Tang was forcibly smothered, while the", "Barlow and Chambers execution was described as being a \"lunatic\" and \"cracking up\". Barlow attempted to excuse his actions by claiming that he had been forced to take the trip and his girlfriend threatened to leave him if he refused. Their trial started 17 July 1985 at the High Court of Penang. The trial opened with both men claiming the drugs found in the maroon suitcase belonged to the other. Chambers was represented at the trial by Rasiah Rajasingham and Barlow by Karpal Singh. Chambers remained handcuffed through the trial. Barlow was not cuffed but used crutches due to a groin injury. The arresting", "Monkey Town (novel) to attract publicity to the town. Scopes is put on trial. Frances takes Scopes' side and defies her father, even though the case is not completely genuine. Notable people such as politician William Jennings Bryan (prosecutor of Scopes), lawyer Clarence Darrow (defender of Scopes), and journalist H. L. Mencken arrive in Dayton, along with a horde of reporters, and drama stirs. The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books reviewed \"Monkey Town\", stating that \"Though the book rewrites a few bits of history to make its point, it's not the wholesale revisioning of \"Inherit the Wind\", and the story is", "The Great Monkey Trial a few relating to the dates of his own interviews. The Scopes Trial was also the subject of a chapter in \"Darwin and His Great Discovery\", written by the author in collaboration with his wife Catherine Crook de Camp and published in 1972. The Great Monkey Trial The Great Monkey Trial is a book on the Scopes Trial by L. Sprague de Camp, first published in hardcover by Doubleday in 1968. The book is a non-fiction account of the trial, as well as its social and political context and impact. This history of the trial was based on the archives", "The Great Monkey Trial and the Inquisition's Condemnation of Galileo, as well as more poetic statements on human nature from Shakespeare and Lewis Carroll. Reviews praised the book for its comprehensiveness. Several reviewers have commended the book for providing a factual and unbiased portrayal of the full story of the trial, as opposed to the fictionalized \"Inherit the Wind\" or the one-sided H.L. Mencken reporting that they claim shaped previous public perception of the Scopes trial. Some have held that this and other \"books written specifically about the Scopes trial serve ... to reinforce the spirit of ridicule\" associated with the trial. Kirtley Mathers,", "The Stone Monkey The Stone Monkey The Stone Monkey is a novel by crime writer Jeffery Deaver. First published in 2002, it is the fourth Deaver novel featuring the quadraplegic detective Lincoln Rhyme. As the US Coast Guard moves to intercept a ship off the coast of New York, which had departed from St Petersburg carrying around 30 Chinese illegal immigrants, the leader of the ship, a notorious human smuggler and hitman named Ghost, decides to ignite a bomb, causing the ship to sink, as he escapes himself by means of a life-raft. A group of immigrants escape on a second life-raft, some", "Tommy Butler the statement, Edwards signed it. He also claimed the Peta Fordham book was 'full of childish lies'. Upon his capture, he had only around £2,000 left of the money (half in a Swiss account and half with wife June). He was dramatically thinner than prior to the robbery and was unrecognisable to most of the Flying Squad. At 3.00am Butler arrived to question Edwards. There was a two-day trial at Nottingham Assizes on 8 and 9 December 1966, where Justice Milmo found Edwards was guilty of conspiracy to rob and robbery, and was sentenced to twelve years on the first", "James McParland was intended \"simply to embarrass\" the detective, for it recounted \"the imperial style of the Peabody administration in Colorado, with which McParland and the Pinkertons had been closely associated.\" The majority of jurors in the Haywood trial found Orchard not to be a credible witness, and Haywood was acquitted. In a separate trial for George Pettibone, the defense team declined to argue the case, resting upon a not guilty plea. Pettibone was also acquitted. Charges against Moyer were dropped. After the cases against the WFM leaders failed, Orchard was tried alone for Steunenberg's murder, was found guilty, and was sentenced", "Yue Fei he was designated \"Wumu\" (武穆; \"Martial and Stern\"). In 1179 he was canonized as \"Zhongwu\" (忠武; \"Loyal and Martial\"). According to the novel \"Xi You Bu\", a satire of \"Journey to the West\", written in 1641 by the scholar Dong Ruoyu (also known as Dong Yue, 1620–1686), the Monkey King enthusiastically serves in hell as the trial prosecutor of Qin Hui. At one point, the Monkey King asks the spirit of Yue Fei if he would like to drink Qin's blood. The two styles most associated with Yue are Eagle Claw and Xingyi boxing. One book states Yue created Eagle", "Paul Y. Anderson to Dayton, Tennessee, to cover the Scopes \"Monkey Trial\", in which public school teacher, John Scopes was put on trial for teaching evolution. As a result of these assignments, Anderson became friends with such prominent people as Clarence Darrow, and H.L. Mencken. In 1925 Anderson contributed to an investigation which led to the resignation of Federal Judge George W. English, and in 1926 he debunked an AP story that stated that the socialist government of Mexico was attempting to \"establish a \"Bolshevik hegemony\" between the US and the Panama Canal\". Finding no evidence for the charge, Anderson wrote a story", "David Fasold Roberts was misleading the public. The case was promoted by the media around Australia and the world as a second Scopes Monkey Trial. Plimer's action failed; Judge Ron Sackville said \"Courts should not attempt to provide a remedy for every false or misleading statement made in the course of public debate on matters of general interest.\" Judge Sackville accepted that Roberts had infringed Fasold's copyrights, but Fasold described the award of $2,500 Australian dollars in damages as \"a slap in the face,\" pointing out that he had won more in two similar cases in the United States. David Fasold David", "The Monkey Suit arrested by Chief Wiggum. She asks why she's being arrested when there are far worse crimes out there, and embarrassed he tells her they only have enough manpower to enforce the last three laws passed, even stating that it's the worst law system there is. Lisa is brought to trial, which is dubbed \"Lisa Simpson v. God\". Representing her is Clarice Drummond, a despised American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) lawyer, while on God’s (i.e., Ned's) side is Wallace Brady, a beloved, overweight, southern lawyer. The trial does not go smoothly for Lisa, as Professor Frink (called by Clarice) gives ambiguous", "James Hanratty by a 'man with a withered or turned hand'. At the trial the prosecution called Peter Stringer, who had an artificial arm, but who denied ever having seen the suitcase or Hanratty. However, there was another person called William Usher, who \"did\" have two fingers missing from one hand, which looked withered. Usher admitted remembering Hanratty and the suitcase, and partly remembered the name of the man as 'Ratty'; he was located by private detectives working for the defence, but was never called as a witness. Hanratty said he had called into a sweetshop in Scotland Road and asked directions", "Silver Spring monkeys monkeys, and acquitted him of the other 11 charges against him. He fined Taub $3,000. The laboratory assistant, John Kunz, was acquitted of all 17 charges. Taub managed to secure a second trial in June 1982. After three weeks at the Montgomery County Circuit Court, a jury acquitted him of five of the convictions, and upheld the sixth charge of inadequate veterinary care of Nero, whose wounds were such that an NIH veterinarian later amputated his deafferented arm. Taub was fined $500. The sixth charge was set aside on appeal, when the court ruled that Maryland's Prevention of Cruelty to", "The Monkey Suit her is initiated. J. Stewart Burns wrote \"The Monkey Suit\", for which he received inspiration from the 1925 Scopes Monkey Trial. The episode features a few references to this legal case, as well as several references to popular culture. Many analysts have commented on the episode's treatment of the creation–evolution controversy, a dispute about the origin of humanity between those who support a creationist view based upon their religious beliefs, versus those who accept evolution, as supported by scientific evidence. Critics have given the episode generally positive reviews, praising it for its satire of the creation–evolution debate. \"The Monkey Suit\"", "Timothy Wilson Spencer prepared for trial. Spencer first came to trial in Arlington, Virginia, on July 11, 1988, for the rape, burglary and murder of Susan Tucker. He was represented by Carl Womack and Thomas Kelley. Spencer was convicted and sentenced to death, following the presentation of DNA evidence linking him to the Tucker crime scene, the first case in Virginia in which DNA was successfully used to prove an offender's identity. Following his conviction for the Tucker murder, Spencer again went on trial, this time in Richmond, for the rape, burglary and murder of Debbie Davis. DNA evidence in the form of", "Three wise monkeys of non-possession was a small statue of the three monkeys - Bapu, Ketan and Bandar. Today, a larger representation of the three monkeys is prominently displayed at the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, where Gandhi lived from 1915 to 1930 and from where he departed on his famous salt march. Gandhi's statue also inspired a 2008 artwork by Subodh Gupta, \"Gandhi's Three Monkeys\". The three monkeys are depicted in the trial scene in the 1968 \"Planet of the Apes\". An example of semiotics, as the judges mimic the see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil monkeys. The maxim", "Thomas Dangerfield Lady Powis, tried for high treason but acquitted in 1680: with the general waning of hysteria, men as disreputable as Dangerfield were no longer considered to be credible witnesses. For a time Dangerfield was used as a secondary witness in the Popish Plot trials to supplement the evidence of Titus Oates and William Bedloe. However his character was so unsavoury, even compared to that of the other informers, that Chief Justice William Scroggs, who knew his record of crime thoroughly, began instructing juries to disregard the evidence of \"so notorious a villain... I shall shake all such fellows before I", "Mose Jefferson 9, in an article starting on the front page and extending for almost the entirety of another page, Laura Maggi analyzed Mose Jefferson's imputed connection with the criminal behaviors on which William J. Jefferson had been convicted. In 2009, while other members of the Jefferson family were facing indictment or trial on various corruption charges, Mose Jefferson faced two trials. Originally a racketeering trial was to begin on August 3, 2009, followed by a bribery trial on August 10. On July 28, 2009, the sequence changed, the bribery trial remaining on August 10, 2009 and the racketeering trial moving to", "Candy Mossler Candy Mossler Candace \"Candy\" Mossler née Candace Weatherby (February 18, 1920 - October 26, 1976) was a socialite at the center of a sensational, highly publicized murder trial in the 1960s. Her case was the subject of \"Candyland\", a 2014 episode of Investigation Discovery's series \"A Crime to Remember\" as well as \"The Candy Scandal\", a 2007 episode of Power, Privilege & Justice. Candace Mossler and her nephew Melvin Lane Powers, with whom she was having an incestuous affair, were charged with the killing of Candy's millionaire husband, Jacques Mossler, in his Key Biscayne, Florida, condominium on June 29, 1964.", "Galen Fox over to touch the woman, whom he described as an attractive Asian woman, and said that he should not have been touching her. According to Fung's affidavit, Fox \"reiterated he was only reaching to touch her hand and could not explain why he wanted to touch her hand.\" Fox was put on trial in the Central District of California on October 20, 2005. The trial was presided over by U.S. District Judge Margaret Nagle. During the trial, Fox admitted to Nagle that he had touched the woman's thigh and crotch during the flight. Fox also admitted that the woman did", "George William Hunter George William Hunter George William Hunter (born circa 1874 - died February 4, 1948) was an American writer. He wrote \"Civic Biology\", the text at the center of the Scopes \"monkey\" trial in 1925. George William Hunter Jr. spent his later years lecturing at the Claremont Colleges. He died on February 4, 1948 at the age of 74, in Claremont, California. He is buried in Hillside Cemetery in Redlands, California. A biologist, he went to school at Williams College in Massachusetts. He earned his doctorate at New York University. During World War I, he was the educational director for the", "Michael Roy Toney Toney told prosecutors, \"Michael killing people in a bombing? You're nuts.\" But Ms. Toney decided to do some research on the case. When she realized what had taken place, she called federal agents and told her story. Soon after, Toney was indicted for capital murder. Months passed, and Ferris changed his story about Toney's alleged confession to the crime. Ferris explained how Toney had come up with the story in order to get him out of jail earlier. He told investigators that \"Toney and me made up the entire thing.\" The trial started in May 1999, in Fort Worth, Texas.", "Ciaron O'Reilly pulled aside on arrival in Brisbane and interviewed by two Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) officers. O'Reilly publicly accused ASIO of heavy-handed tactics, saying, \"I felt it was a kind of intimidation basically; they were asking what my plans were for the next three months, in terms of politically organising against Australian involvement in the war. I don't see what business that has to do with them if their main thing is security.\" The third trial of the Pitstop Ploughshares started on 10 July 2006 and resulted in a unanimous 'Not Guilty' verdict on both charges after 12 days of", "Henry Liu October tape recording made by chief hitman Chen Chi-li implicating Republic of China military intelligence in the killing, whereupon they began to pressure the government to bring Liu's killers to trial. The FBI investigation was confirmed by United States Attorney Joseph Russoniello. The investigation was conducted with the State Department serving as go-between for the FBI and the government of Taiwan. Meanwhile, the House of Representatives passed a non-binding resolution urging Taiwan to remand custody of the murder suspects to the United States for trial. Chen and Wu went on trial in April 1985, with Tung being tried in absentia.", "Pete Burns his views on the Michael Jackson trial. In January 2006, Burns appeared on Channel 4's \"Celebrity Big Brother 4\", eventually reaching fifth on the show's final episode. It was on this show that he declared that one of his coats was made out of gorilla fur – this caused outrage amongst animal rights activists because unlicensed gorilla fur is illegal in the United Kingdom. Police subsequently confiscated the coat and tests were performed on it that revealed that it was not gorilla, but was made out of the fur of colobus monkeys. Colobus monkeys are also an endangered species whose", "Stanley Williams that the trial record indicates that none of the lawyers, and particularly the prosecutor, additional evidence in a November 2005 petition for clemency. The defense, however, has neither stated whether or not his mother was actually Filipina, nor refuted the evidence that McLurkin was black. According to the clemency petition, in his closing arguments, prosecuting District Attorney Robert Martin described Williams as a \"Bengal tiger in captivity in a zoo\" and said that the jury needed to imagine him in his natural \"habitat\", which was like \"going into the back country, into the hinterlands.\" In a radio interview, Martin insisted", "Anthony Miller (murderer) death and his body hidden under bushes, where it was later discovered by a man out walking his dog. Denovan was arrested on 11 August 1960 while committing an act of indecency with another man on the Recreation Ground. A newspaper cutting relating to the death of John Cremin was found on his person; Denovan would finally confess his guilt and lead the police to Miller. Miller and Denovan's trial began in Glasgow High Court on 14 November 1960. They were charged with the capital murder of John Cremin as well as three other charges of assault and robbery. Miller", "George William Hunter to lawsuits in Tennessee. George William Hunter George William Hunter (born circa 1874 - died February 4, 1948) was an American writer. He wrote \"Civic Biology\", the text at the center of the Scopes \"monkey\" trial in 1925. George William Hunter Jr. spent his later years lecturing at the Claremont Colleges. He died on February 4, 1948 at the age of 74, in Claremont, California. He is buried in Hillside Cemetery in Redlands, California. A biologist, he went to school at Williams College in Massachusetts. He earned his doctorate at New York University. During World War I, he was the", "Andrew G. McBride also argued the case of \"United States v. Alvarez-Machain\", involving the kidnapping of Dr. Machain from Mexico to stand trial in the United States for the murder of Enrique Camarena (DEA agent). From 1992 to 1999, he served as Assistant U.S. Attorney in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, the so-called \"Rocket Docket\". McBride was one of the lead prosecutors on the 1996 case of the Sugar Bottom Murders, a triple-murder carried out by a Jamaican drug gang known as the Poison Clan. The trial resulted in murder convictions for all four defendants involved, though", "Masaharu Homma MacArthur to urge a careful review of her husband's case. MacArthur affirmed the tribunal's sentence, and Homma was executed by firing squad by American forces on April 3, 1946, outside Manila. There have been various claims and charges that Homma's trial was unfair or biased. Associate Justice Frank Murphy, in dissent of denial of a hearing by the U.S. Supreme Court on a rule of evidence, stated, Either we conduct such a trial as this in the noble spirit and atmosphere of our Constitution or we abandon all pretense to justice, let the ages slip away and descend to the", "Ron Porambo Richard Newman, the judge overseeing his case, that Newman recused himself after prosecutors voiced complaints that Porambo's extensive contact might influence the trial. The trial began in July 1984. The prosecution focused on two letters written by Porambo that implicated himself in the murder. The police responding to the attack on Porambo also found a bag containing wigs, fake badges, and two loaded pistols. Porambo's defense relied on demonstrating the weakness of the circumstantial evidence. The defense lawyer also claimed that the charges were an attempt to silence Porambo in retaliation for \"No Cause for Indictment.\" On October 2, 1984,", "Martian Monkey Martian Monkey The Martian Monkey is the name given to the monkey used by Edward Watters, Tom Wilson and Arnold Payne to perpetrate a hoax in Atlanta, Georgia in 1953. In 1953, young Atlanta barbers Edward Watters and Tom Wilson, along with butcher Arnold Payne, took a dead rhesus monkey and removed its tail, applied large doses of hair remover and used green food coloring to make the corpse of the monkey appear abnormal. They then used a blow torch to create a burning circle in the pavement. On July 8, 1953 Officer Sherley Brown came across the scene by", "Alex Rackley was fair, the jury was fair, and, in this case, a black revolutionary was given a fair trial.\" In October, Seale and Huggins' trial began. George Sams, the one-time \"Field Marshal\", testified again. By this time, Sams was reviled by the Panthers as a traitor and accused of being a renegade psychopath who had killed Rackley on his own and who was pinning the crime on Seale to please his new masters in the \"Establishment\". It was even suggested that Sams had been in cahoots with the FBI all along, that \"he\" was the real informant and had accused and", "Human Trials other equally decorated recruits—Captain Alice Wheeler (Leanne Adachi), Captain William Hinman, and his old rival, Captain Eric Woodward (Lochlyn Munro)—he has been invited by the military to compete for the opportunity for a secret solo mission. The recruits are tested using a Neural Stimulator which transports them into dangerous, challenging and very real situations. Captains Wheeler and Hinman are soon eliminated, leaving only Parkhurst and Woodward to compete for the mission. But as the tests become more extreme, the line between reality and simulation becomes blurred, and winning may no longer be the ultimate goal. Human Trials \"Human Trials\" is", "Charles J. Guiteau damage to multiple organs and spinal bone fragmentation. Once Garfield died, the government officially charged Guiteau with murder. He was formally indicted on October 14, 1881, on the charge of murder, which was previously attempted murder after his arrest. Guiteau pleaded not guilty to the charge. The trial began on November 17, 1881, in Washington, D.C. The presiding judge in the case was Walter Smith Cox. Although Guiteau would insist on trying to represent himself during the entire trial, the court appointed Leigh Robinson to defend Guiteau. In less than a week of trial, Robinson retired from the case. George", "Mildred Seydell her professional/pen name at the beginning of her journalistic career. She reported on the Scopes Monkey Trial in 1925. The Scopes trial was her first major story. She interviewed Harold E. \"Red\" Grange, and was pictured doing his hand reading, a technique she used to \"break the ice\" with an interview subject. Seydell employed the stratagem of hand reading in order to increase her readership, asserting her ability to discover the intimate personality characteristics of big names such as U.S. vice president Charles G. Dawes and film director Cecil B. DeMille. She even claimed to have been able to read", "Terry Speed in Melbourne, and was head of the division until 31 August 2014. Previously, he was sharing his time between this position and the department of statistics of the University of California, Berkeley. Speed was an expert witness at the trial for the O. J. Simpson murder case, as well as an expert witness in the Imanishi-Kari case, an affair of alleged scientific misconduct which involved biologist David Baltimore. Much earlier in his career, he was an expert defence witness in the 1966 trial of Ronald Ryan, the last person executed in Australia; however, his evidence that Ryan must have been", "Timothy Joseph McGhee attempted murders of Pedro Sanchez and Juan Cardiel, both of whom identified McGhee the night they were shot only to claim in court that they could not recall the perpetrator. On October 26, 2007, the death penalty phase of the trial began. McGhee was eligible for the death penalty because he was convicted of multiple murders and used homicide to further the activities of a criminal street gang. Prosecutors presented additional evidence that McGhee was involved in a fourth murder, that of Christina Duran. McGhee was not tried for her murder after so many witnesses refused to testify against him.", "Erin Sharma into a coma. He died 13 days later. Sharma was charged with two felony counts of violating Delano's civil rights under color of law for conspiring to have him killed and with violating his Constitutional right not to be subjected to cruel and unusual punishment. At the federal trial in Orlando, the prosecution showed that Sharma and an alleged corrections officer co-conspirator knew that McCullah, who had been placed on special single-cell hold status, was likely to assault Delano. In his opening statement, federal prosecutor Douglas Kern told the jury that putting Delano into a cell with McCullah \"was like", "William Kinsey Hutchinson I missed the lesson. I was afraid they'd get on the stand and say I hadn't taught it and then the whole trial would go blooey. If that happened they would run me out of town on a rail.\" When Bill mentioned that would make a great news story, John responded, \"My god no! Not a word of it until the Supreme Court passes my appeal. My lawyers would kill me.\" In L. Sprague de Camp's book, The Great Monkey Trial, de Camp goes on to say that Bill claimed he overheard Clarence Darrow coaching the students on what to", "The Great Fetish republic and translate and disseminate the data from the card archive of the Great Fetish for the benefit of all humanity, eventually hoping to build spaceships to travel back to Earth. Marko, however, is more interested in pursuing his interest in Sinthi, Petronela having divorced him after the accidental slaying of her lover Mongamri. De Camp previously wrote about the actual struggle between science and creationism in \"The Great Monkey Trial\" (1968), a non-fiction account of the 1925 test case against Tennessee's Butler Act, which made the teaching of human evolution in that state illegal. His portrayal of the parental", "Bradford Leavitt \"and can now see evolution in the parable of the seed and its growth and in the work of Saint Paul.\" (Leavitt's speech on the subject preceded the famous Scopes Monkey Trial by more than a decade.) In the years following the San Francisco earthquake, Rev. Leavitt worked with the city's mayor and civil service on relief work. But, ironically, Leavitt later turned against the Mayor and his lieutenants after his discovery of corruption at the highest levels of San Francisco's City Hall, which Leavitt later helped expose. The city's mayor was convicted in the investigation that followed, and the", "Shanghai Chest judge Armstrong's office, Chan and Ruark catch the judge's clerk Walter Somervale looking through the judge's files. The two men also find out that Seward, the judge's attorney, defended Pindello in the trial which ultimately sent him to the gallows. From the judge's documents they find that Seward is also working on a commission against racketeering. A letter addressed to Victor, to be opened in case the judge died, states that the judge had found evidence that Pindello may have been innocent of the murder for which he was convicted, and that Bronson was to be informed of this. Chan", "Nora Parham to the police account of Trapp's death, Parham intentionally set Trapp on fire by throwing gasoline on him and then lighting a match. Parham admitted that she had thrown the gasoline – in the context of a domestic dispute – but denied lighting him on fire. Instead, she said Trapp had accidentally set himself on fire when he lit a cigarette. After Trapp's death, Parham was arrested and remanded in Belize Central Prison. Her trial was held before the Supreme Court, and prosecuted by John Havers, the solicitor-general. She pled not guilty, but on 30 April 1963 an all-male jury", "Harold Haley 1970, Jonathan Jackson brought guns into Judge Haley's courtroom, where San Quentin inmate James McClain was on trial. McClain was freed along with two other San Quentin inmates, Ruchell Magee and William Christmas, who were present at the trial as witnesses. Jackson and the prisoners took Haley, Thomas, and three female jurors hostage and attempted to escape. Haley, Jackson, McClain and Christmas were killed as the abductors attempted to drive away from the courthouse. Haley was apparently hit by fire from a sawed-off shotgun that had been fastened to his neck with adhesive tape by the abductors. Magee was severely", "Rashad Khalifa unit of the Tucson Police Department progressed in its investigation in 2006 and in December 2008, and was able to use DNA testing on forensic evidence from the crime scene to tie Francis to the assassination. In October 2009, a Canadian judge ordered Francis's extradition to the United States to face trial. The trial for the murder began on December 11, 2012. On December 19, the jury, after a three-hour deliberation, found Glen Francis guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced him to life in prison. Prior to the Francis trial, James Williams, an alleged member of the Jamaat ul-Fuqra organization,", "Jiang Zunyu concluded that Jiang had abused his power to seek benefits for others in construction projects, received cash gifts, participated in gambling, and took large amounts of bribes personally and through his family. Jiang's trial opened in May 2016. He was charged with taking bribes worth some 32 million yuan and 46 million Hong Kong dollars. He disputed the charges against him and said that he fabricated incriminating evidence in order to satisfy the interrogation of the disciplinary authorities; Jiang said, \"to come up with all this pretext, it took me a whole week of work!\" At court, Jiang only admitted", "The Monkey Suit peoples religious beliefs, she just doesn't think it's proper for the church to dominate the school in the same way that him and Reverend Lovejoy don't want scientists taking over the church. Ned finds himself agreeing with this and offers to take Lisa and his sons out for ice cream. \"The Monkey Suit\" was written by J. Stewart Burns and directed by Raymond S. Persi as part of the seventeenth season of \"The Simpsons\" (2005–2006). Burns received inspiration for the episode from the Scopes Monkey Trial, a 1925 legal case in which high school science teacher John Scopes was accused", "A Boy Named Sue who agreed to be a prosecutor in what was to become known as the \"Scopes Monkey Trial\". Hicks was named after his mother who died after giving birth to him. In his autobiography, Cash wrote that he had just received the song and only read over it a couple of times. It was included in that concert to try it out—he did not know the words and on the filmed recording he can be seen regularly referring to a piece of paper. Cash was surprised at how well the song went over with the audience. The rough, spontaneous performance with", "Alger Hiss known collectively as the \"Pumpkin Papers.\" The grand jury charged Hiss with two counts of perjury—it did not indict him for espionage since the period of limitations had run out. Chambers was never charged with a crime. Hiss went to trial twice. The first trial, presided over by Judge Samuel Kaufman, started on May 31, 1949, and ended in a hung jury on July 7. Chambers admitted on the witness stand that he had previously committed perjury several times while he was under oath, including deliberately falsifying key dates in his story. Hiss's character witnesses at his first trial included", "Harry Hill (activist) triggermen who shot Annie Mae in the back of the head. Rios-Conroy claimed that Hill was Anna Mae's murderer, although she was arrested and pleaded guilty to being party to the murder. She also named attorney Bruce Ellison as being with her at that time. This name was first invoked by the defense of Leonard Peltier during his trial in 1977, where the defense alluded the murderer(s), Mr. X, escaped from the murder scene in a mysterious red pick-up truck, or been the name of a Native American killed earlier that day, Joseph Stuntz. AIM members Dino Butler, John Trudell", "Amandala PUP. The full text of the article follows here: A none too pleased PUP administration accused UBAD president Hyde and publisher Shabazz with sedition for the text of the article, which they claimed \"meant that the administration of justice was a farce and that ... (those) who participated in it were participants in a childish game of amusements\". (Shoman, 13 Chapters) The case went to trial in June 1970, with former colleagues Shoman and Musa representing Hyde and Shabazz. For the next month, the fate of \"Amandala\" and UBAD hung in the balance as Attorney General V.H. Courtenay tried to", "Andrew Chan trials for the accused commenced in the Denpasar District Court on 11 October 2005. Chen, Nguyen, and Norman, all arrested at the Melasti Hotel and earning the numeric epithet, \"The Melasti Three\", were tried together, with the remaining six defendants, including Chan, tried separately. In December 2005, it was reported that tensions were building between the Bali Nine drug mules and Sukumaran and Chan. Several days later, lawyers acting for some members of the Bali Nine initially sought the support of the Director of Public Prosecutions to intervene and lay charges for conspiracy to import drugs, so that the nine", "Massie Trial the island in turmoil. Thalia and Massie divorced in 1934; she committed suicide in 1963; he died in 1987. Grace Hubbard Fortescue died in 1979. Albert Jones died on September 23, 1966. Edward Lord died in 1967. In 1966, while being interviewed by author Peter Van Slingerland, Albert O. Jones admitted that he was the one who shot Joseph Kahahawai. Although the prosecution's lead witness, Thalia Massie, had left the Territory and could not be forced to return to testify, the four surviving Ala Moana defendants could not be exonerated immediately. As Peter Van Slingland wrote, \"Congress, the Navy, and", "Colin Sleeman account of the trial of Gozawa Sadaichi in 1948, with a foreword by Earl Mountbatten of Burma. With Sam Silkin, he published \"The Double Tenth Trial\", an account of the trial of Sumida Haruzo in 1951, with a foreword by Viscount Simon. After he left the army, Sleeman returned to the bar, practising mostly in the divorce courts. He was junior counsel for the defence in the trial of John Christie, accused of murdering his wife Ethel at 10 Rillington Place. He was appointed as a recorder in 1975 and then as a circuit judge in 1976, serving in that", "Sirhan Sirhan hypnotized and framed, possibly by a government conspiracy. Sirhan was granted a June 30 hearing. During that hearing Teeter referred to testimony from the original trial transcripts regarding a prosecution eyewitness to the attack, author George Plimpton, in which he said that Sirhan looked \"enormously composed. He seemed ... purged.\" This statement coincided with the defense's argument that Sirhan had shot Kennedy while in some kind of hypnotic trance. The motion was denied. Teeter died in 2005, and Sirhan declined other counsel to replace him. On November 26, 2011, Sirhan's defense teams filed court papers for a new trial, saying", "Miriam Van Waters The case drew national attention, and an audience of hundreds of people per session attended what some newspaper reports likened to the Scopes monkey trial. Freedman writes: The audience so often took an active role in the hearings that McDowell threatened to clear the auditorium if they did not cease their laughter, applause, or derisive sounds. Housewives, off-duty reformatory staff members, college students, workers on their lunch breaks, and friends filled the auditorium each day; those who could not gain entrance weathered the winter cold as they gathered around the windows and doorways to catch a glimpse of the proceedings.", "Khabarovsk War Crime Trials trial were based on fact and not the fantasy of their handlers. Harris also noted the controversies unleashed by the trial, which linked Emperor Hirohito to the Japanese biological warfare program, and also the allegations that the Japanese BW experiments had also been conducted on Allied POWs. One of the experts by Soviet prosecutors during the trial, N. N. Zhukov-Verezhnikov, later served on the panel of scientists, led by Joseph Needham, that investigated Chinese and North Korean allegations of biological warfare in the Korean War, conducted by the United States. Khabarovsk War Crime Trials The Khabarovsk War Crime Trials were", "H. L. Mencken and creationism, and against the \"Booboisie,\" his word for the ignorant middle classes. In the summer of 1925, he attended the famous Scopes \"Monkey Trial\" in Dayton, Tennessee, and wrote scathing columns for the Baltimore \"Sun\" (widely syndicated) and \"American Mercury\" mocking the anti-evolution Fundamentalists (especially William Jennings Bryan). The play \"Inherit the Wind\" is a fictionalized version of the trial, and, as noted above, the cynical reporter E.K. Hornbeck is based on Mencken. In 1926, he deliberately had himself arrested for selling an issue of \"The American Mercury\" that was banned in Boston under the Comstock laws. Mencken heaped", "Scopes Trial The presiding judge, John T. Raulston, was accused of being biased towards the prosecution and frequently clashed with Darrow. At the outset of the trial, Raulston quoted Genesis and the Butler Act. He also warned the jury not to judge the merit of the law (which would become the focus of the trial) but on the violation of the Act, which he called a 'high misdemeanor.' The jury foreman himself was unconvinced of the merit of the Act but he acted, as did most of the jury, on the instructions of the judge. Bryan chastised evolution for teaching children that", "Dovey Johnson Roundtree Crump himself. The acquitted Crump went on to live what has been described as a \"horrific life of crime.\" The not-guilty verdict in the case cemented Roundtree's reputation among Washington trial lawyers and judges, and resulted in her appointment to high-profile murder cases, including the 1977 defense of John Griffin in a sensational retrial for his alleged role in the murder of Hanafi Muslim children at a DC residence. See 1973_Hanafi_Muslim_massacre. In the latter years of her practice, Roundtree forged a unique role for herself, melding her ministerial duties at Washington's Allen Chapel AME Church, located in one of the", "Jang In-hwan Because there was insufficient evidence to prove that Jeon and Jang had conspired with each other, Jeon was released in June, and Jang ordered to stand trial as the sole defendant. The Korean community hired three lawyers to defend Jang, among whom one, Nathan Coughlan, eventually agreed to take on the case \"pro bono\". During the trial, he planned to use Arthur Schopenhauer's theory of \"patriotic insanity\" to argue that Jang was not guilty by reason of insanity. Jang's trial was originally scheduled to begin on 27 July in the San Francisco Superior Court. However, on the day of the", "Drew White ICTR, with an \"unprecedented number of international reporters\". White’s examinations of Dallaire and his aide, Major Brent Beardsley, extracted key evidence from the two witnesses who had been obviously shaken from the experience of their observations in 1994. Portions of that evidence have become so widely known they are now central to the general public’s understanding of the events in Rwanda, such as Colonel Bagosora being the \"kingpin\" whom the Trial Chamber confirmed was in charge on the morning of April 7, as well as the evidence of sexual crimes, particularly as described by Maj. Beardsley. Other notable cross-examinations conducted", "Steve Adams (Western Federation of Miners) witness in the Adams trial, Archie Phillips, found ten pounds of dynamite behind his house, and fled to Canada to avoid testifying. A number of other prosecution witnesses disappeared or put themselves out of reach of subpoenas. Adams took the witness stand in his own murder trial and testified, in part, I was taken to the office of the penitentiary and introduced to detective McParland. He told me about \"Kelly the Bum\" [from McParland's Molly Maguires case] and other men who had turned state's evidence and had been set free. ... McParland told me he wanted to convict [WFM leaders]", "Lewis Powell (conspirator) Powell over the weeks until his execution, trying to get him to talk. During this time, Powell told many stories—some true, and some obviously not—about his war experiences and various plots to kill Lincoln or commit other crimes (such as burn New York City). The trial of the alleged conspirators began on May 9. A military tribunal, rather than a civilian court, was chosen as the prosecutorial venue because government officials thought that its more lenient rules of evidence would enable the court to get to the bottom of what was then perceived by the public as a vast conspiracy.", "Peter Tobin still alive when she was placed under the floorboards. Police found her body on 29 September, and Tobin was arrested in London shortly afterwards. He had been admitted to hospital under a false name, and with a fictitious complaint. A six-week trial resulted from the evidence gathered under the supervision of Detective Superintendent David Swindle of Strathclyde Police and took place at the High Court of Justiciary, Edinburgh, between 23 March and 4 May 2007. The trial judge was Lord Menzies, the prosecution was led by Advocate Depute Dorothy Bain, and the defence by Donald Findlay QC. Despite his insistence", "The Trial of Henry Blake in the form of giving supplies to Meg Cratty, a nurse who runs an orphanage that helps both North and South Koreans. Hawkeye and Trapper John attempt to go to the trial with evidence that will exonerate Henry, but Major Burns (in temporary command) confines them to quarters, guts the swamp and even strips Hawkeye and Trapper to their underwear. Trapper and Hawkeye escape by having Klinger drug an MP and go to the courtroom, taking Nurse Cratty with them, with Burns and Houlihan in hot pursuit to prevent them from giving the courtroom evidence to exonerate Henry. Burns and", "Of Pandas and People \"Of Pandas and People\" became the focus of a litigation and controversy in Dover, Pennsylvania in 2004 after the Dover Area School Board endorsed it as a reference book. Perhaps inevitably, the ensuing court case was dubbed the \"Panda Trial\" by the media in an allusion to the famous \"Monkey Trial\" of 1925. Although the board did not actually purchase the book, 60 copies were donated to the district by an anonymous party. It was revealed in court that a school board member asked his church for donations for the purchase of those books although that board member had denied", "Scopes Trial its most colorful labels such as the \"Monkey Trial\" of \"the infidel Scopes\". It was also the first United States trial to be broadcast on national radio. The ACLU had originally intended to oppose the Butler Act on the grounds that it violated the teacher's individual rights and academic freedom, and was therefore unconstitutional. Principally because of Clarence Darrow, this strategy changed as the trial progressed. The earliest argument proposed by the defense once the trial had begun was that there was actually no conflict between evolution and the creation account in the Bible; later, this viewpoint would be called", "B. Carroll Reece at Rhea County High School in Dayton, Tennessee following the infamous \"Monkey Trial.\" He attended Watauga Academy in Butler, and Carson-Newman College in Jefferson City, Tennessee. At Carson-Newman he played basketball and football. After graduating from Carson-Newman in 1914 as class valedictorian, he worked as a high school principal for one year, then enrolled in New York University, where he earned a master's degree in economics and finance in 1916. He also studied at the University of London. He was an assistant secretary and instructor at New York University in 1916 and 1917. In April, 1917 Reece enlisted for World", "Jacco Macacco he also defeated this dog, his reputation began to grow and a fight was fixed for him at the Westminster Pit. Reputable historians frequently point to this fight as the first documentable episode of exacting what later came to be referred to as \"monkey justice.\" Lewis Strange Wingfield (1842–1891) wrote in his 1883 novel \"Abigail Rowe: a Chronicle of the Regency\" of an advertisement for a hundred guinea match between Jacco and \"Belcher's celebrated dog Trusty\". Pierce Egan also wrote about a battle between the \"monkey phenomenon\" and a dog in his popular account of the adventures of the characters", "John W. Powell said by Chinese officials and troops coming from the front lines of the Korean War. Powell's trial, which ended in a mistrial, took place in 1959 at the Federal Courthouse in San Francisco, the same location where Marie Equi had been tried and convicted of sedition in 1918. The treason charges against Powell were formally dismissed in July, 1959, and two years later, in 1961, Attorney General Robert Kennedy finally dropped the rest of the sedition charges. Although direct official evidence such as military records and similar documentation that bacteriological warfare was employed during the Korean War by either side", "Kent Hovind the \"church of Jesus Christ\", worldwide. Hovind's passport and guns were seized. Hovind protested, arguing that he needed his passport to continue his evangelism work, and that \"thousands and thousands\" were waiting to hear him preach in South Africa the following month. The court refused to reconsider, accepting the argument that \"like-minded people\" might secret Hovind away if he left the country. The trial began on October 21, 2006. Hovind hoped to convince a jury that his amusement park admission and merchandise sales, over $5 million from 1999 through March 2004, belonged to God and could not be taxed. Evidence", "The Great Monkey Trial public interest in evolution. In conclusion, de Camp states that the truth is always competing against many other factors in shaping public perception, but truth has the advantage of persistence. The book frames the trial as a militaristic conflict, frequently using terms such as skirmish and combatant. Additionally, it includes chapter titles such as \"The War Cries and Banners\", \"The Crusade\" and \"The Din of Battle Rises\". Each chapter has a quote at the start which holds some relevance to its contents. These include historical examples of conflict between religion and science, such as selections from Darwin's \"Origin of Species\"", "August Sangret proceedings on this date by asking Sangret to stand to hear a formal recitation of the charge, and to state his plea. Sangret formally stated his plea of not guilty to the charge against him; the Clerk then informed the jury: \"It is for you to say whether he is guilty or not guilty, and to hearken to the evidence.\" In his opening statement on behalf of the Crown, prosecutor Eric Neve outlined the prosecution's intention to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Sangret had murdered Wolfe—whom he referred to as \"the Wigwam Girl\"—on or about 14 September 1942. Neve", "Shootout leader George Jackson, 17-year-old Jonathan Jackson entered a courthouse in Marin County, California with an arsenal of weapons. After storming into a room where a trial was taking place, Jackson armed defendant James McClain, who was on trial for murdering a prison guard, and two fellow convicts who were participating in the trial as witnesses, William Christmas and Ruchell Magee. The four armed men then took the judge, a district attorney and three jurors hostage, and marched them out of the courthouse into a waiting getaway van. As they attempted to flee the scene, a shootout broke out between the", "John Gordon Purvis make Johnny confess. They picked a time when Johnny was not with his mother and Johnny buckled under pressure and confessed to Susan's murder. Represented by attorney Richard Kirsch, at Johnny's trial the taped confession to police was declared inadmissible by Judge Thomas Coker. But the jurors were not convinced of Johnny's innocence and declared him guilty based on the confession to psychiatrist Joel Klass. He was sentenced to life imprisonment. Although attorney Kirsch lost appeals in the courts and Johnny spent time in prison, an Aspen, Colorado, detective named Gary White put the first crack in the Hamwi murder,", "Ted Binion fact. The defendants were granted a new trial, which began on October 11, 2004 in Judge Bonaventure's courtroom. This time, Murphy, who was represented by Michael Cristalli, and Tabish, represented by famed civil rights lawyer J. Tony Serra, and local Las Vegas attorney Joseph Caramagno, were each acquitted of murder but were convicted on lesser charges of burglary (12 to 60 months) and grand larceny (12 to 60 months) connected with the Binion case. Tabish also was convicted of use of deadly weapon (18 to 60 months). Murphy was sentenced to time served and did not return to prison. Tabish", "Vera Salvequart others who had served there, and held for military trials dubbed the Ravensbrück Trials. The trials described her position at Ravensbrück at that of a kapo. At the trials, Vera went on record stating: I remember that the sick had no trust in the beginning because they thought that I took part in the mass murdering. I must say that in their place, I would have had the same impression. I was locked up without interruption, couldn't go anywhere alone, and all they knew about me was that I lived there where they murdered so many people. Additionally, the prisoners" ]

[ 9.8984375 ]

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[ "The person is driving." ]

[ "The man is sleeping in his bed.", "I was worried if it was sure and how long it would last for.", "The Social Security Administration cannot review the statement as it is unclear and hard to understand.", "Changes to Regulation X, including cost and benefit issues, are addressed in the Analysis.", "The man was outdoors, close to logs and landscaping equipment", "In order for that to happen I'd have to be", "How would they make a decision?" ]

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[ "The man walked by the wall." ]

[ "The woman sat by the wall.", "The men scream as the roller coaster blazes down the hill.", "The shirt is solid blue.", "A dog is staring at buildings.", "The pain in the butt is big.", "He took some brandy from the case and made her drink it.", "The Israeli psyche has been described as one of the easiest to understand." ]

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[ "Hohenzollernstraße was renamed \"Hörmannstraße\" after the Hohenzollern nobility. In 1901, Wassily Kandinsky founded his art school \"Phalanx\" on Hohenzollernstraße 6a, where Gabriele Münter became a pupil. In the house number 104, Willibald Besta had his studio there until 1929. Hohenzollernstraße 21 was the location of the 1902 founded \"Lehr- und Versuchsatelier für angewandte und freikunst\", of Wilhelm von Debschitz and Hermann Obrist, which developed into Germany's largest private educational institution. Paul Klee taught there in 1908. In 1910 Emil Preetorius was the director of the school. In house number 1 lived the writer and painter Fanny zu Reventlow, who was known", "Wassily Kandinsky whom he married on February 11, 1917. From 1918 to 1921, Kandinsky was involved in the cultural politics of Russia and collaborated in art education and museum reform. He painted little during this period, but devoted his time to artistic teaching, with a program based on form and colour analysis; he also helped organize the Institute of Artistic Culture in Moscow of which he was the first director. His spiritual, expressionistic view of art was ultimately rejected by the radical members of the Institute as too individualistic and bourgeois. In 1921, Kandinsky was invited to go to Germany to attend", "Der Blaue Reiter Der Blaue Reiter Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) was a group of artists united in rejection of the Neue Künstlervereinigung München in Munich, Germany. The group was founded by a number of Russian emigrants, including Wassily Kandinsky, Alexej von Jawlensky, Marianne von Werefkin, and native German artists, such as Franz Marc, August Macke and Gabriele Münter. They considered that the principles of the Neue Künstlervereinigung München, a group Kandinsky had founded in 1909, had become too strict and traditional. Der Blaue Reiter was an art movement lasting from 1911 to 1914, fundamental to Expressionism, along with Die Brücke which", "Wassily Chair Wassily Chair The Wassily Chair, also known as the Model B3 chair, was designed by Marcel Breuer in 1925-1926 while he was the head of the cabinet-making workshop at the Bauhaus, in Dessau, Germany. Despite popular belief, the chair was not designed for the non-objective painter Wassily Kandinsky, who was on the Bauhaus faculty at the same time. Kandinsky had admired the completed design, and Breuer fabricated a duplicate for Kandinsky's personal quarters. The chair became known as \"Wassily\" decades later, when it was re-released by Italian manufacturer Gavina, who had learned of the anecdotal Kandinsky connection in the course", "Wassily Kandinsky and their harmony. Kandinsky was one of Die Blaue Vier (Blue Four), formed in 1923 with Paul Klee, Lyonel Feininger and Alexej von Jawlensky, which lectured and exhibited in the United States in 1924. Due to right-wing hostility, the Bauhaus left Weimar and settled in Dessau in 1925. Following a Nazi smear campaign the Bauhaus left Dessau in 1932 for Berlin, until its dissolution in July 1933. Kandinsky then left Germany, settling in Paris. Living in an apartment in Paris, Kandinsky created his work in a living-room studio. Biomorphic forms with supple, non-geometric outlines appear in his paintings—forms which suggest", "Wassily Chair other manufacturers, who market the product under different names. Wassily Chair The Wassily Chair, also known as the Model B3 chair, was designed by Marcel Breuer in 1925-1926 while he was the head of the cabinet-making workshop at the Bauhaus, in Dessau, Germany. Despite popular belief, the chair was not designed for the non-objective painter Wassily Kandinsky, who was on the Bauhaus faculty at the same time. Kandinsky had admired the completed design, and Breuer fabricated a duplicate for Kandinsky's personal quarters. The chair became known as \"Wassily\" decades later, when it was re-released by Italian manufacturer Gavina, who had", "Wassily Kandinsky school and then at the Academy of Fine Arts. He returned to Moscow in 1914, after the outbreak of World War I. Following the Russian Revolution, Kandinsky \"became an insider in the cultural administration of Anatoly Lunacharsky\" and helped establish the Museum of the Culture of Painting. However, by then \"his spiritual outlook... was foreign to the argumentative materialism of Soviet society\", and opportunities beckoned in Germany, to which he returned in 1920. There, he taught at the Bauhaus school of art and architecture from 1922 until the Nazis closed it in 1933. He then moved to France, where he", "United Art Rating These artists formed and are forming the history of world art of 18th–21st centuries. International Art Rating includes artists of Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia and former Soviet republics, the republics of the former Yugoslavia, United States, Finland, France, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Japan and some other countries, such as Namibia. All famous artists of the period mentioned in the project are represented such as Vincent van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Wassily Kandinsky, Emil Nolde, Joseph Beuys, Andy", "Der Blaue Reiter Göteborg. February 12 through April 2, 1912, the \"Second exhibition of the editorial board of Der Blaue Reiter\" showed works in \"Black & White\" (\"Zweite Ausstellung der Redaktion Der Blaue Reiter, Schwarz-Weiß\") at the \"New Art\" Gallery of Hans Goltz (\"Neue Kunst Hans Goltz\") in Munich. The artists of \"Der Blaue Reiter\" also participated in: Der Blaue Reiter Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) was a group of artists united in rejection of the Neue Künstlervereinigung München in Munich, Germany. The group was founded by a number of Russian emigrants, including Wassily Kandinsky, Alexej von Jawlensky, Marianne von Werefkin, and", "Rolf Wilhelm Brednich the \"School of Social and Cultural Studies\" at that university. He has carried out research in Germany, Canada, and New Zealand. Among the general German-speaking public, he made his name with collections of urban legends, starting with \"Die Spinne in der Yucca-Palme\". Rolf Wilhelm Brednich Rolf Wilhelm Brednich (born February 8, 1935 in Worms, Germany) is a German Europeanist ethnologist and ethnographer (\"Volkskundler\") and folklorist. Brednich studied \"Volkskunde\", German studies, history, and theology at the Universities of Tübingen and Mainz, in Germany, getting his doctorate from the latter with a dissertation entitled \"Volkserzählungen und Volksglaube von den Schicksalsfrauen\". Between 1963", "Rolf Wilhelm Brednich Rolf Wilhelm Brednich Rolf Wilhelm Brednich (born February 8, 1935 in Worms, Germany) is a German Europeanist ethnologist and ethnographer (\"Volkskundler\") and folklorist. Brednich studied \"Volkskunde\", German studies, history, and theology at the Universities of Tübingen and Mainz, in Germany, getting his doctorate from the latter with a dissertation entitled \"Volkserzählungen und Volksglaube von den Schicksalsfrauen\". Between 1963 and 1980 he was the leader of the Deutsches Volksliedarchiv in Freiburg. From 1965 through 1974 he was head of the commission for song, music and dance research within the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Volkskunde. From 1969 und 1881, he taught at the" ]

[ "Phalanx (art group) Phalanx (art group) Phalanx was an association of artists formed in Munich in 1901. The Phalanx group were opposed to old fashioned and conservative viewpoints in art. Founding members were Wassily Kandinsky, Rolf Niczky, Waldemar Hecker, and Wilhelm Hüsgen. Kandinsky was elected president of the association and also became the director of the Phalanx School of Painting. The group lasted two years closing in 1903 and broke up in 1904. The group organized twelve exhibitions between 1901 and 1904 which in addition to those of its members, featured works by Claude Monet, Jugendstil (Art Nouveau) artists, Symbolists and Post-Impressionist artists", "Phalanx (art group) Paul Signac, Félix Vallotton and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Phalanx was where Kandinsky met Gabriele Münter, an art student at the school. She was to become his pupil, intimate companion, and critic until they separated in 1914. Phalanx (art group) Phalanx was an association of artists formed in Munich in 1901. The Phalanx group were opposed to old fashioned and conservative viewpoints in art. Founding members were Wassily Kandinsky, Rolf Niczky, Waldemar Hecker, and Wilhelm Hüsgen. Kandinsky was elected president of the association and also became the director of the Phalanx School of Painting. The group lasted two years closing in", "Wassily Kandinsky Wassily Kandinsky Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky () ( – 13 December 1944) was a Russian painter and art theorist. He is credited with painting one of the first recognized purely abstract works. Born in Moscow, Kandinsky spent his childhood in Odessa, where he graduated at Grekov Odessa Art school. He enrolled at the University of Moscow, studying law and economics. Successful in his profession—he was offered a professorship (chair of Roman Law) at the University of Dorpat—Kandinsky began painting studies (life-drawing, sketching and anatomy) at the age of 30. In 1896, Kandinsky settled in Munich, studying first at Anton Ažbe's private", "Wassily Kandinsky Guggenheim, \"Visionaries: Creating a Modern Guggenheim\". Note: Several sections of this article have been translated from its French version: \"Theoretical writings on art\", \"The Bauhaus\" and \"The great synthesis\" artistic periods. For complete detailed references in French, see the original version at Wassily Kandinsky Wassily Wassilyevich Kandinsky () ( – 13 December 1944) was a Russian painter and art theorist. He is credited with painting one of the first recognized purely abstract works. Born in Moscow, Kandinsky spent his childhood in Odessa, where he graduated at Grekov Odessa Art school. He enrolled at the University of Moscow, studying law and", "Wassily Kandinsky was an art theorist; his influence on the history of Western art stems perhaps more from his theoretical works than from his paintings. He helped found the Neue Künstlervereinigung München (Munich New Artists' Association), becoming its president in 1909. However, the group could not integrate the radical approach of Kandinsky (and others) with conventional artistic concepts and the group dissolved in late 1911. Kandinsky then formed a new group, the Blue Rider (Der Blaue Reiter) with like-minded artists such as August Macke, Franz Marc, Albert Bloch, and Gabriele Münter. The group released an almanac (\"The Blue Rider Almanac\") and held", "Bombay Progressive Artists' Group Bombay Progressive Artists' Group The Progressive Artists' Group, PAG, was a group of modern artists, mainly based in Bombay, from its formation in 1947. Though it lacked any particular style, there might be said to have been a move towards a synthesis of influences from Indian art history together with styles prevalent in Europe and North America during the first half of the 20th Century, including Post-Impressionism, Cubism and Expressionism. The Progressive Artists' Group was formed by six founder members, F. N. Souza, S. H. Raza, M. F. Husain, K. H. Ara, H. A. Gade, and S. K. Bakre (the", "Wassily Kandinsky the Bauhaus of Weimar by its founder, architect Walter Gropius. In May 1922 he attended the International Congress of Progressive Artists and signed the \"Founding Proclamation of the Union of Progressive International Artists\". Kandinsky taught the basic design class for beginners and the course on advanced theory at the Bauhaus; he also conducted painting classes and a workshop in which he augmented his colour theory with new elements of form psychology. The development of his works on forms study, particularly on points and line forms, led to the publication of his second theoretical book (\"Point and Line to Plane\") in", "Wassily Kandinsky example, that the circle is the most peaceful shape and represents the human soul. These theories are explained in \"Point and Line to Plane\" (see below). Kandinsky's legendary stage design for a performance of Mussorgsky's \"Pictures at an Exhibition\" illustrates his synaesthetic concept of a universal correspondence of forms, colors and musical sounds. In 1928 in the theater of Dessau, Wassily Kandinsky realized the stage production of \"Pictures at an Exhibition\". In 2015 the original designs of the stage elements were animated with modern video technology and synchronized with the music according to the preparatory notes of Kandinsky and the", "Wassily Kandinsky ideas had an almost-immediate international impact, particularly in the English-speaking world. As early as 1912, \"On the Spiritual In Art\" was reviewed by Michael Sadleir in the London-based \"Art News.\" Interest in Kandinsky grew apace when Sadleir published an English translation of \"On the Spiritual In Art\" in 1914. Extracts from the book were published that year in Percy Wyndham Lewis's periodical \"Blast,\" and Alfred Orage's weekly cultural newspaper \"The New Age\". Kandinsky had received some notice earlier in Britain, however; in 1910, he participated in the Allied Artists' Exhibition (organised by Frank Rutter) at London's Royal Albert Hall. This", "Kandinsky Prize Kandinsky Prize The Kandinsky Prize, named after Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky is an award sponsored by the Deutsche Bank AG and the Art Chronika Culture Foundation. It was organized in hopes of developing Russian contemporary art, and to reinforce the status of Russian art within the world. In total, 55,000 euros are awarded to the artists. It was first given out on December 4, 2007, hosted at the Winzavod Contemporary Art Center in Moscow. Four awards were given. The Young Artist Category is awarded to an artist under 30 and they receive a three months stay in Villa Romana. New", "Bombay Progressive Artists' Group worked in dramatically different styles, from the Expressionism of Souza to the pure abstraction of Gaitonde. Specific Indian imagery and landscapes were also adopted, particularly by Mehta and Husain. Through the incorporation and mixture of new, abstract styles with traditional Indian art elements and Media, the PAG is one of the most influential art movements in India until today. In 2015, F.N. Souza's painting \"Birth\" set a new record for Indian art with a hammer price above US$ 4 Mio, which shows the worldwide appeal of the group. Bombay Progressive Artists' Group The Progressive Artists' Group, PAG, was a group", "Wassily Kandinsky which, he felt, pushed the limits of music and melody beyond standard lyricism. He was also spiritually influenced by Madame Blavatsky (1831–1891), the best-known exponent of theosophy. Theosophical theory postulates that creation is a geometrical progression, beginning with a single point. The creative aspect of the form is expressed by a descending series of circles, triangles and squares. Kandinsky's book \"Concerning the Spiritual In Art\" (1910) and \"Point and Line to Plane\" (1926) echoed this theosophical tenet. Illustrations by John Varley in \"Thought Forms\" (1901) influenced him visually. In the summer of 1902, Kandinsky invited Gabriele Münter to join him", "Wassily Kandinsky gait (which Kandinsky must have known). Some art historians believe that a second figure (perhaps a child) is being held by the rider, although this may be another shadow from the solitary rider. This intentional disjunction, allowing viewers to participate in the creation of the artwork, became an increasingly conscious technique used by Kandinsky in subsequent years; it culminated in the abstract works of the 1911–1914 period. In \"The Blue Rider\", Kandinsky shows the rider more as a series of colours than in specific detail. This painting is not exceptional in that regard when compared with contemporary painters, but it", "Bibliothèque Kandinsky Bibliothèque Kandinsky The Kandinsky Library (or Bibliothèque Kandinsky in French) is a library of 20th and 21st century visual arts located at the Pompidou Centre in Paris, France. It also serves as the Documentation and Research Centre of the French National Museum of Modern Art (\"Musée national d'art moderne / Centre de création industrielle,\" or MNAM / CCI). It is named after the Russian painter and art theorist Wassily Kandinsky, a pioneer in abstract art and a leading figure in early 20th century visual arts. Created in 2002, the Kandinsky Library includes over 200,000 works (art books, art journals, photographs,", "Mathematics and art Isaac Newton's work on the optical spectrum influenced Goethe's \"Theory of Colours\" and in turn artists such as Philipp Otto Runge, J. M. W. Turner, the Pre-Raphaelites and Wassily Kandinsky. Artists may also choose to analyse the symmetry of a scene. Tools may be applied by mathematicians who are exploring art, or artists inspired by mathematics, such as M. C. Escher (inspired by H. S. M. Coxeter) and the architect Frank Gehry, who more tenuously argued that computer aided design enabled him to express himself in a wholly new way. The artist Richard Wright argues that mathematical objects that can", "Blue Rose (art group) and was derived from the poem Blue Flower by the poet Novalis. Vladimir Mayakovsky, the poet/critic said of the group in 1907 \"The artists are in love with the music of colour and line.\" Wassily Kandinsky was an associate of the group, being greatly taken with their artistic viewpoint he contributed paintings to a few of their exhibitions in Moscow between 1906 and 1910. Blue Rose (art group) Blue Rose (Голубая роза - Blaue Rose) was a Symbolist artist association in Moscow from 1906 to 1908. The group emphasised color as a 'tonal' medium to construct rhythm in a painting", "Wassily Kandinsky the \"artist as prophet\" in his book, \"Concerning the Spiritual In Art\", Kandinsky created paintings in the years immediately preceding World War I showing a coming cataclysm which would alter individual and social reality. Having a fervent belief in Orthodox Christianity, Kandinsky drew upon the biblical stories of Noah's Ark, Jonah and the whale, Christ's resurrection, the four horsemen of the Apocalypse in the book of Revelation, Russian folktales and the common mythological experiences of death and rebirth. Never attempting to picture any one of these stories as a narrative, he used their veiled imagery as symbols of the archetypes", "Wassily Kandinsky resulted in his work being singled out for praise in a review of that show by the artist Spencer Frederick Gore in \"The Art News\". Sadleir's interest in Kandinsky also led to Kandinsky's first works entering a British art collection; Sadleir's father, Michael Sadler, acquired several wood-prints and the abstract painting \"Fragment for Composition VII\" in 1913 following a visit by father and son to meet Kandinsky in Munich that year. These works were displayed in Leeds, either in the University or the premises of the Leeds Arts Club, between 1913 and 1923. In 1916 he met Nina Andreevskaya (1899-1980),", "Wassily Kandinsky lived for the rest of his life, becoming a French citizen in 1939 and producing some of his most prominent art. He died in Neuilly-sur-Seine in 1944. Kandinsky's creation of abstract work followed a long period of development and maturation of intense thought based on his artistic experiences. He called this devotion to inner beauty, fervor of spirit, and spiritual desire \"inner necessity\"; it was a central aspect of his art. Kandinsky was born in Moscow, the son of Lidia Ticheeva and Vasily Silvestrovich Kandinsky, a tea merchant. One of his great grandmothers was a Princess Gantimurova, probably explaining the", "Wassily Kandinsky of death–rebirth and destruction–creation he felt were imminent in the pre-World War I world. As he stated in \"Concerning the Spiritual In Art\" (see below), Kandinsky felt that an authentic artist creating art from \"an internal necessity\" inhabits the tip of an upward-moving pyramid. This progressing pyramid is penetrating and proceeding into the future. What was odd or inconceivable yesterday is commonplace today; what is \"avant garde\" today (and understood only by the few) is common knowledge tomorrow. The modern artist–prophet stands alone at the apex of the pyramid, making new discoveries and ushering in tomorrow's reality. Kandinsky was aware", "Concrete art of abstractionists: Jean Arp, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Sonia Delaunay, César Domela, Otto Freundlich, Jean Gorin, Auguste Herbin, Wassily Kandinsky, Alberto Magnelli, Piet Mondrian, Antoine Pevsner and van Doesburg. In the following year a series of annual exhibitions began in the Salon des Réalités Nouvelles, which included some of these artists and were devoted, according to its articles of association, to “works of art commonly called: concrete art, non-figurative or abstract art\". In 1951 Groupe Espace was founded in France to harmonize painting, sculpture and architecture as a single discipline. This grouped sculptors and architects with old established artists such as Sonia", "Paul Klee met, through Kubin, the art critic Wilhelm Hausenstein in 1911. Klee was a foundation member and manager of the Munich artists' union \"Sema\" that summer. In autumn he made an acquaintance with August Macke and Wassily Kandinsky, and in winter he joined the editorial team of the almanac \"Der Blaue Reiter\", founded by Franz Marc and Kandinsky. On meeting Kandinsky, Klee recorded, \"I came to feel a deep trust in him. He is somebody, and has an exceptionally beautiful and lucid mind.\" Other members included Macke, Gabriele Münter and Marianne von Werefkin. Klee became in a few months one of", "Wassily Kandinsky two exhibits. More of each were planned, but the outbreak of World War I in 1914 ended these plans and sent Kandinsky back to Russia via Switzerland and Sweden. His writing in \"The Blue Rider Almanac\" and the treatise \"On the Spiritual In Art\" (which was released in 1910) were both a defence and promotion of abstract art and an affirmation that all forms of art were equally capable of reaching a level of spirituality. He believed that colour could be used in a painting as something autonomous, apart from the visual description of an object or other form. These", "Wassily Kandinsky in the film. In 2014, Google commemorated Kandinsky's 148th birthday by featuring a Google Doodle based on his abstract paintings. A picture-book biography entitled \"The Noisy Paint Box: The Colors and Sounds of Kandinsky's Abstract Art\" was published in 2014. Its illustrations by Mary GrandPre earned it a 2015 Caldecott Honor. His grandson was musicology professor and writer Aleksey Ivanovich Kandinsky (1918–2000), whose career was both focused on and centred in Russia. The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum held a major retrospective of Kandinsky's work from 2009-2010, called \"Kandinsky\". In 2017, a selection of Kandinsky's work was on view at the", "Wassily Kandinsky mountain with the three riders. Kandinsky's paintings from this period are large, expressive coloured masses evaluated independently from forms and lines; these serve no longer to delimit them, but overlap freely to form paintings of extraordinary force. Music was important to the birth of abstract art, since music is abstract by nature—it does not try to represent the exterior world, but expresses in an immediate way the inner feelings of the soul. Kandinsky sometimes used musical terms to identify his works; he called his most spontaneous paintings \"improvisations\" and described more elaborate works as \"compositions.\" In addition to painting, Kandinsky", "Wassily Kandinsky at the age of 30, Kandinsky gave up a promising career teaching law and economics to enroll in the Munich Academy where his teachers would eventually include Franz von Stuck. He was not immediately granted admission, and began learning art on his own. That same year, before leaving Moscow, he saw an exhibit of paintings by Monet. He was particularly taken with the impressionistic style of \"Haystacks\"; this, to him, had a powerful sense of colour almost independent of the objects themselves. Later, he would write about this experience: Kandinsky was similarly influenced during this period by Richard Wagner's \"Lohengrin\"", "Kandinsky Prize Arkady Nasonov, Pavel Pepperstein, Nikolay Polissky, Roman Sakin, Semen Fajbisovich, Natalia Khlebtsevich, Anastasia Horoshilova, Dmitry Tsvetkov, Cyril Chelushkin, Dmitry Shorin, Sergei Shutov. Eugene Antufiev, Lyoha Garikovich, Ivan Lungin, Stepan Subbotin, Dmitry Teselkin, Alexander Frolov, ART 3, Makeev, Milk & Vodka, Recycle. Thanatos Banionis, Julia and Alexander Devlyashova Toschevikova, Alexandra Dementieva, Vadim Zakharov, Marina Zvyagintsev, Elena Kovylina Alexander Lavrov, Alexei Politov and Marina Belova PROVMYZA Olga Tobreluts and Dmitry Sokolenko, Aristarch Chernyshev and Alexei Shulgin. Kandinsky Prize The Kandinsky Prize, named after Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky is an award sponsored by the Deutsche Bank AG and the Art Chronika Culture Foundation.", "Wassily Kandinsky shows the direction Kandinsky would take only a few years later. From 1906 to 1908 Kandinsky spent a great deal of time travelling across Europe (he was an associate of the Blue Rose symbolist group of Moscow), until he settled in the small Bavarian town of Murnau. In 1908 he bought a copy of \"Thought-Forms\" by Annie Besant and Charles Webster Leadbeater. In 1909 he joined the Theosophical Society. \"The Blue Mountain\" (1908–1909) was painted at this time, demonstrating his trend toward abstraction. A mountain of blue is flanked by two broad trees, one yellow and one red. A procession,", "Wassily Kandinsky into a painting. This experience, and his study of the region's folk art (particularly the use of bright colours on a dark background), was reflected in much of his early work. A few years later he first likened painting to composing music in the manner for which he would become noted, writing, \"Colour is the keyboard, the eyes are the hammers, the soul is the piano with many strings. The artist is the hand which plays, touching one key or another, to cause vibrations in the soul\". Kandinsky was also the uncle of Russian-French philosopher Alexandre Kojève (1902-1968). In 1896,", "Wassily Kandinsky pyramid; humanity searches only for external success, ignoring spiritual forces. Colours on the painter's palette evoke a double effect: a purely physical effect on the eye which is charmed by the beauty of colours, similar to the joyful impression when we eat a delicacy. This effect can be much deeper, however, causing a vibration of the soul or an \"inner resonance\"—a spiritual effect in which the colour touches the soul itself. \"Inner necessity\" is, for Kandinsky, the principle of art and the foundation of forms and the harmony of colours. He defines it as the principle of efficient contact of", "Wassily Kandinsky and theorising with composer Arnold Schoenberg indicate, Kandinsky also expressed the communion between artist and viewer as being available to both the senses and the mind (synesthesia). Hearing tones and chords as he painted, Kandinsky theorised that (for example), yellow is the colour of middle C on a brassy trumpet; black is the colour of closure, and the end of things; and that combinations of colours produce vibrational frequencies, akin to chords played on a piano. In 1871 the young Kandinsky learned to play the piano and cello. Kandinsky also developed a theory of geometric figures and their relationships—claiming, for", "Wassily Kandinsky microscopic organisms but express the artist's inner life. Kandinsky used original colour compositions, evoking Slavic popular art. He also occasionally mixed sand with paint to give a granular, rustic texture to his paintings. This period corresponds to a synthesis of Kandinsky's previous work in which he used all elements, enriching them. In 1936 and 1939 he painted his two last major compositions, the type of elaborate canvases he had not produced for many years. \"Composition IX\" has highly contrasted, powerful diagonals whose central form gives the impression of an embryo in the womb. Small squares of colours and coloured bands", "Wassily Kandinsky at his summer painting classes just south of Munich in the Alps. She accepted, and their relationship became more personal than professional. Art school, usually considered difficult, was easy for Kandinsky. It was during this time that he began to emerge as an art theorist as well as a painter. The number of his existing paintings increased in the beginning of the 20th century; much remains of the landscapes and towns he painted, using broad swaths of colour and recognisable forms. For the most part, however, Kandinsky's paintings did not feature any human figures; an exception is \"Sunday, Old Russia\"", "Bombay Progressive Artists' Group only sculptor in the group). Others associated with the group included Manishi Dey, Ram Kumar, Akbar Padamsee and Tyeb Mehta. The group wished to break with the revivalist nationalism established by the Bengal school of art and to encourage an Indian avant-garde, engaged at an international level. The Group was formed just months after the 14 August 1947 \"Partition of India\" and Pakistan that resulted in religious rioting and death of tens of thousands of people displaced by the new borders. The founders of the Progressive Artists Group often cite \"the partition\" as impetus for their desire for new standards", "Allied Artists Association the novelist Michael Sadleir bought the works by the expressionist painter Wassily Kandinsky, the first time work by this artist had been seen in Britain. Wyndham Lewis and Edward Wadsworth both exhibited Vorticist compositions at the AAA show held at the Holland Park Ice Rink in June 1914. In June 1917 the AAA held a show at the Grafton Galleries, London, where the art critic, poet and novelist Herbert Read sold a number of abstract drawings. Allied Artists Association The Allied Artists Association (AAA) was an art exhibiting society based in London in the early 20th century. The Allied Artists", "The Art of This Century gallery gallery showcased works by established European artists with an emphasis on Surrealism, and also exhibited the works of lesser known American artists, often for the first time. The space became both a meeting place and exhibition nexus for exiled European artists and young emerging Americans and as such was one of the major crucibles for the emergence of the New York School. The European artists that were exhibited at the Art of This Century Gallery included Leonora Carrington, Jean Arp, Georges Braque, Victor Brauner, Giorgio de Chirico, Salvador Dalí, Max Ernst, Alberto Giacometti, Wassily Kandinsky, Fernand Léger, André Masson, Roberto", "Wassily Kandinsky of recent scientific developments and the advances of modern artists who had contributed to radically new ways of seeing and experiencing the world. \"Composition IV\" and later paintings are primarily concerned with evoking a spiritual resonance in viewer and artist. As in his painting of the apocalypse by water (\"Composition VI\"), Kandinsky puts the viewer in the situation of experiencing these epic myths by translating them into contemporary terms (with a sense of desperation, flurry, urgency, and confusion). This spiritual communion of viewer-painting-artist/prophet may be described within the limits of words and images. As the \"Der Blaue Reiter Almanac\" essays", "Wassily Kandinsky \"slight Mongolian trait in his features\". Kandinsky learned from a variety of sources while in Moscow. He studied many fields while in school, including law and economics. Later in life, he would recall being fascinated and stimulated by colour as a child. His fascination with colour symbolism and psychology continued as he grew. In 1889, he was part of an ethnographic research group which travelled to the Vologda region north of Moscow. In \"Looks on the Past\", he relates that the houses and churches were decorated with such shimmering colours that upon entering them, he felt that he was moving", "Wassily Kandinsky types of painting; \"impressions\", \"improvisations\" and \"compositions\". While impressions are based on an external reality that serves as a starting point, improvisations and compositions depict images emergent from the unconscious, though \"composition\" is developed from a more formal point of view. Kandinsky compares the spiritual life of humanity to a pyramid—the artist has a mission to lead others to the pinnacle with his work. The point of the pyramid is those few, great artists. It is a spiritual pyramid, advancing and ascending slowly even if it sometimes appears immobile. During decadent periods, the soul sinks to the bottom of the", "Synesthesia in art with the musical notes, to create a synesthetic experience in the audience (Campen 2007, Jewanski & Sidler 2006). Wassily Kandinsky working in the 1920s, may not have been a synesthete, despite his fame for his synesthetic artwork. Many of his paintings and stage pieces were based upon a set and established system of correspondences between colors and the timbres of specific musical instruments. Kandinsky himself, however, stated that his correspondences between colors and musical timbres have no \"scientific\" basis, but were founded upon a combination of his own personal feelings, current prevailing cultural biases, and mysticism (; ; Jewanski &", "Genevieve Hecker Genevieve Hecker Genevieve Hecker (November 19, 1883 – July 29, 1960) was an American amateur golfer. A member of the Essex County Country Club in West Orange, New Jersey, she won New York City's Metropolitan Golf Championship in 1900, 1901, 1905, and 1906. Hecker was born in Darien, Connecticut, on November 19, 1883 to John V. Hecker (1848–1924) and his wife Georgianna Hecker née Bell (1852–1929). Her father was in the flour milling business in New York City with the firm Hecker-Jones-Jewell Milling Company. She won the 1901 U.S. Women's Amateur at the Baltusrol Golf Club in Springfield Township, Union", "Russian Abstract Art Foundation artists, who were attending Studio for a long time and formed the very core of it, such as Ely Beliutin, Vladislav Zubarev, Lutsian Gribkov, Vera Preobrazhenskaya, Tamara Ter-Gevondyan, Anatoly Safokhin, Svetlana Nekrasova, Elena Radkevich, Alexander Krukov. The New Reality Studio was a group of abstract artists, it emerged at end the 1950s and had been existing until the death of their leader Ely Beliutin in 2012. Their aim was the revival and natural development of the Russian avant-garde and abstract art of 1920s. Abstract art, having started with works by Wassily Kandinsky, did not get development in Russia, and for", "Robert Bevan best examples are \"Ploughing on the Downs\" (Aberdeen Art Gallery) and \"The Turn-Rice Plough\" (Yale Center for British Art). In the same year Bevan submitted five works to the first Allied Artists’ Association in London’s Albert Hall—a non-juried, subscription show founded by Frank Rutter to promote progressive artists and based on the French Salon des Indépendants. (Wassily Kandinsky showed in England for the first time at the second exhibition in 1909.) Having worked largely in isolation since returning from Pont-Aven, Bevan’s paintings were noticed by Harold Gilman and Spencer Gore and he was invited to join Walter Sickert’s Fitzroy Street", "Phalanx Biotech Group Phalanx Biotech Group Phalanx Biotech Group was founded in 2002 as a result of collaboration between Taiwan's Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) and several private companies and research institutes. It is a manufacturer of DNA microarrays and a provider of gene expression profiling and microRNA profiling services based in Hsinchu, Taiwan, San Diego, California, Shanghai, China, and in Beijing, China. The company sells its DNA microarrays and service platform under the registered trademark name OneArray. Phalanx Biotech Group is a member of the FDA-led Microarray Quality Control Project. Phalanx Biotech Group is a manufacturer and provider of DNA microarray products", "Outsider art was later adapted for musicians. Interest in the art of the mentally ill, along with that of children and the makers of \"peasant art\", was first demonstrated by \"Der Blaue Reiter\" group: Wassily Kandinsky, Auguste Macke, Franz Marc, Alexej Jawlensky, and others. What the artists perceived in the work of these groups was an expressive power born of their perceived lack of sophistication. Examples of this were reproduced in 1912 in the first and only issue of their publication, \"Der Blaue Reiter Almanac\". During World War I, Macke was killed at Champagne in 1914 and Marc was killed at Verdun", "Michel Seuphor Michel Seuphor Fernand Berckelaers (10 March 1901 in Antwerp – 12 February 1999 in Paris), pseudonym Michel Seuphor (anagram of Orpheus), was a Belgian painter. Seuphor established a literary magazine, \"Het Overzicht\", in Antwerp in 1921. He moved in Dutch, Belgian, and French avant-garde circles. He associated at various points with Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian, and was influenced by their iconic Neo-plasticist works. Along with Joaquin Torres-Garcia and Pierre Daura, Seuphor founded the abstract artists' group Cercle et Carré. The group, which included luminaries such as Wassily Kandinsky and Le Corbusier. In 1934 Seuphor moved to Anduze in", "Wassily Kandinsky director's script of Felix Klee. During the studies Kandinsky made in preparation for \"Composition IV,\" he became exhausted while working on a painting and went for a walk. While he was out, Gabriele Münter tidied his studio and inadvertently turned his canvas on its side. Upon returning and seeing the canvas (but not yet recognizing it) Kandinsky fell to his knees and wept, saying it was the most beautiful painting he had ever seen. He had been liberated from attachment to an object. As when he first viewed Monet's \"Haystacks\", the experience would change his life. In another episode with", "Wassily Kandinsky to a \"double-sided Kandinsky\" painting. No such painting is known to exist; in the 1993 film version of the play, the double-sided painting is portrayed as having Kandinsky's 1913 painting \"Black Lines\" on one side and his 1926 painting \"Several Circles\" on the other side. The 1999 film \"Double Jeopardy\" makes numerous references to Kandinsky, and a piece of his, \"Sketch\", figures prominently in the plot-line. The protagonist, Elizabeth Parsons (Ashley Judd), utilises the registry entry for the work to track down her husband under his new alias. Two variations of the almanac cover of \"Blue Rider\" are also featured", "Wassily Kandinsky Münter during the Bavarian abstract expressionist years, Kandinsky was working on his \"Composition VI\". From nearly six months of study and preparation, he had intended the work to evoke a flood, baptism, destruction, and rebirth simultaneously. After outlining the work on a mural-sized wood panel, he became blocked and could not go on. Münter told him that he was trapped in his intellect and not reaching the true subject of the picture. She suggested he simply repeat the word \"uberflut\" (\"deluge\" or \"flood\") and focus on its sound rather than its meaning. Repeating this word like a mantra, Kandinsky painted", "Rolf on Art second series began airing on 12 October 2012 but has since ended following Harris's 2013 arrest on charges of indecent assault making indecent images of a child. A \"Rolf on Art\" book was released for the first series. It contained sections on how he worked, as well as a section on each of the artists he looked at in the series. An updated version was released for the second series. Rolf on Art Rolf on Art was a British art television series made by the BBC. It was hosted by Rolf Harris, the Australian television presenter. The series began in", "Victor Kandinsky Victor Kandinsky Victor Khrisanfovich Kandinsky () (April 6, 1849, Byankino, Nerchinsky District, Siberia – July 3, 1889, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian psychiatrist, and was 2nd cousin to famed artist Wassily Kandinsky. He was born in Siberia into a large family of extremely wealthy businessmen. Victor Kandinsky was one of the famous figures in Russian psychiatry and most notable for his contributions to the understanding of hallucinations. He graduated from Moscow Imperial University Medical School in 1872 and started to work as a general practitioner in one of the hospitals in Moscow. In 1877 as a military physician in the", "Danish art movement in Denmark around 1910–1920. Vilhelm Lundstrøm (1893–1950), one of the greatest modernists, brought French cubism to Denmark. He is remembered for his still-life paintings with oranges and for cubistic scenes with nudes. His later work developed into much looser modern art with contrasting colours and form. Richard Mortensen (1910–1993) was an important surrealistic painter, inspired by Wassily Kandinsky. He was a joint founder of the \"Linien\" group of artists and also a member of the Grønningen group. His later expressionist works exhibit large, clear, brightly coloured surfaces. Asger Jorn (1914–1973) was a Danish artist, sculptor, writer and ceramist. Looking", "Russian Abstract Art Foundation almost 30 years was excluded from professional vocabulary, but, in spite of this, gained a powerful momentum in the West. Works by Wassily Kandinsky, Kazimir Malevich, Larionov, Lisitsky, Alexander Rodchenko illustrate these artists’ unique experiments with color, shape, space, but, first and foremost, they vividly reflected changing social identities, that is, fulfilled the main purpose of art. Ely Bielutin made it his mission to create truly contemporary art, and as a result of his activities, aspired to found a new Academy of Arts. This makes members of his group followers of the early 20th century masters not only from the", "Gabriele Münter money, allowing them to live freely and independently. Her childhood and early adulthood greatly impacted her future artistic career. She had a free and unrestricted life that was unconstrained by convention. Living in America and Europe gave Münter social exposure that many women did not have at the time. Münter studied woodcut techniques, sculpture, painting, and printmaking. In 1901, she attended the beginners' classes of Maximilian Dasio at the Damenakademie (Women's Academy) of the Münchener Künstlerinnenverein (Munich Women Artists's Association). Münter then studied at the Phalanx School in Munich, an avant-garde institution founded by Russian artist, Wassily Kandinsky. At the", "Manlio Rho Manlio Rho Manlio Rho (1901 – 1957) was a painter born in Como, Italy. He is considered one of the most important abstract artists in Italy. In the late 1920s Manlio Rho was deeply involved in Como's engagement with the European abstract movement led by Wassily Kandinsky and Kazimir Malevich. Together with the architects Giuseppe Terragni, Alberto Sartoris and the painter Mario Radice, he created the \"astrattisti comaschi\", a group of artists that later included Aldo Galli, Carla Prina and Carla Badiali. This event is widely regarded by critics as a pivotal moment in the history of Italian art of", "Albert Weisgerber Albert Weisgerber Albert Weisgerber (21 April 1878 – 10 May 1915), was a German painter whose work forms a bridge between Impressionism and early Expressionism. He was born in Sankt Ingbert. From 1897 to 1901 he studied at the Munich Art Academy under Franz von Stuck. He became friends with artists Hans Purrmann, Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, Max Slevogt, and Karl Arnold. In 1898, he set up his own artists' group, \"Sturmfackel\", with his friend Alfred Kubin. He earned his living making illustrations for the magazine \"Jugend\". In 1904 he was very active in the Munich café scene, where he", "German art Marianne von Werefkin and others founded the group in response to the rejection of Kandinsky's painting Last Judgment from an exhibition by Neue Künstlervereinigung—another artists' group of which Kandinsky had been a member. The name Der Blaue Reiter derived from Marc's enthusiasm for horses, and from Kandinsky's love of the colour blue. For Kandinsky, blue is the colour of spirituality—the darker the blue, the more it awakens human desire for the eternal (see his 1911 book On the Spiritual in Art). Kandinsky had also titled a painting Der Blaue Reiter (see illustration) in 1903. The intense sculpture and printmaking of", "Genevieve Hecker and 1903 British Ladies Amateurs. Hecker died on July 29, 1960 in Brooklyn, New York, and was interred there in Green-Wood Cemetery. Genevieve Hecker Genevieve Hecker (November 19, 1883 – July 29, 1960) was an American amateur golfer. A member of the Essex County Country Club in West Orange, New Jersey, she won New York City's Metropolitan Golf Championship in 1900, 1901, 1905, and 1906. Hecker was born in Darien, Connecticut, on November 19, 1883 to John V. Hecker (1848–1924) and his wife Georgianna Hecker née Bell (1852–1929). Her father was in the flour milling business in New York City", "Tim Hecker was published in 2014. He has also worked as a lecturer in sound culture the Art History and Communications department. Hecker occasionally makes sound installations and has collaborated with visual artists such as Stan Douglas and Charles Stankievech. Hecker, along with other musicians Ben Frost and Steve Goodman (Kode9) and artists Piotr Jakubowicz, Marcel Weber (MFO) and Manuel Sepulveda (Optigram), provided music for Unsound Festival’s sensory installation, 'Ephemera'. Hecker composed the score for 2016's The Free World, selected to be shown in the U.S. Dramatic Competition section at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival. Tim Hecker Tim Hecker is a Canadian", "Bibliothèque Kandinsky audio recordings, videos, artists' archives, etc.) from about 5,000 artists, designers, and architects. A large fraction of these collections come from the former \"Centre national d'art contemporain (CNAC)\". Since the acquisition of the Paul Destribats collection in 2006, the Kandinsky Library is one of the larger visual art collections in the world for the first half of the 20th century. Bibliothèque Kandinsky The Kandinsky Library (or Bibliothèque Kandinsky in French) is a library of 20th and 21st century visual arts located at the Pompidou Centre in Paris, France. It also serves as the Documentation and Research Centre of the French", "20th-century Western painting a major impact on the evolution of modern art in the 20th century and created the style of Expressionism. Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, August Macke, Alexej von Jawlensky, whose psychically expressive painting of the Russian dancer \"Portrait of Alexander Sakharoff,\" 1909 is in the gallery above, Marianne von Werefkin, Lyonel Feininger and others founded the Der Blaue Reiter group in response to the rejection of Kandinsky's painting \"Last Judgement\" from an exhibition. Der Blaue Reiter lacked a central artistic manifesto, but was centered around Kandinsky and Marc. Artists Gabriele Münter and Paul Klee were also involved. The name of the", "Phalanx Biotech Group intact oligonucleotides. This is performed using a patented inkjet dispensing apparatus. The oligonucleotides are deposited on a standard size 25mm X 75mm glass slide. Phalanx Biotech Group Phalanx Biotech Group was founded in 2002 as a result of collaboration between Taiwan's Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) and several private companies and research institutes. It is a manufacturer of DNA microarrays and a provider of gene expression profiling and microRNA profiling services based in Hsinchu, Taiwan, San Diego, California, Shanghai, China, and in Beijing, China. The company sells its DNA microarrays and service platform under the registered trademark name OneArray. Phalanx", "International Congress of Progressive Artists International Congress of Progressive Artists International Congress of Progressive Artists was organised by Young Rhineland (Junge Rheinland), with help from the November Group, the Darmstadt Secession and the Dresden Secession in Düsseldorf, 29-31 May 1922. The aim of creating a an international organisation of radical artists led to differing conceptions of how this should be done. Theo van Doesburg wrote \"A short review of the proceedings\" which included a proclamation calling for a permanent, universal, international exhibition of art from everywhere in the world and an annual universal, international music festival. With the slogan Artists of all nationalities unite’ they", "Progressive country as well as cowpunk and alternative country artists in the 1980s through today. Progressive country Progressive country is a subgenre of country music developed in the early 1970s. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, mainstream country music was dominated by the slick Nashville sound and the rock-influenced Bakersfield sound of artists like Merle Haggard. A new generation of country artists emerged, influenced by contemporary rock music, singer-songwriters such as Bob Dylan, and the liberal politics of the 1960s counterculture. Progressive country was a songwriter-based movement and many key artists had previously seen success writing for other artists in Nashville;", "Wassily Kandinsky hope; it tends to despair when it becomes dark, regaining little hope when it lightens. Red is a warm colour, lively and agitated; it is forceful, a movement in itself. Mixed with black it becomes brown, a hard colour. Mixed with yellow, it gains in warmth and becomes orange, which imparts an irradiating movement on its surroundings. When red is mixed with blue it moves away from man to become purple, which is a cool red. Red and green form the third great contrast, and orange and purple the fourth. In his writings, Kandinsky analyzed the geometrical elements which make", "Aleksey Ivanovich Kandinsky Aleksey Ivanovich Kandinsky Born in Moscow, Kandinsky was the grandson of artist Wassily Kandinsky. From 1935 to 1939 he studied at the Ippolitov-Ivanov College of Music in Moscow where he was a pupil of Vasily Nikolayevich Argamakov. After serving in the Russian Army during World War II, he pursued graduate music studies under Yury Keldïsh at the Moscow Conservatory where he earned a master's degree in 1948 and a Doctorate in 1956. His doctoral dissertation was on the operas of Rimsky-Korsakov. After earning his master's degree, Kandinsky became a lecturer at the Moscow Conservatory in 1948. He became a full", "Progressive country hits. Foremost among these artists was Willie Nelson, who returned to Texas after deciding to focus on performing his own songs. Nelson soon attained a wide following and inspired other artists in Texas and Nashville. KOKE-FM, a radio station in Austin, Texas, introduced a progressive country music format during the early 1970s and continues to feature progressive country music. By the mid-1970s, progressive country artists entered the mainstream, usually in the form of cover versions by other artists. Progressive country also provided the basis for outlaw country, a harder-edged, more rock-oriented variant that achieved wide success in the late 1970s,", "Abstract expressionism be called expressionist, and which Rothko denied were abstract). Yet all four artists are classified as abstract expressionists. Abstract expressionism has many stylistic similarities to the Russian artists of the early 20th century such as Wassily Kandinsky. Although it is true that spontaneity or the impression of spontaneity characterized many of the abstract expressionists' works, most of these paintings involved careful planning, especially since their large size demanded it. With artists such as Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, Emma Kunz, and later on Rothko, Barnett Newman, and Agnes Martin, abstract art clearly implied expression of ideas concerning the spiritual, the unconscious,", "Abstract art of India and China in the early years of the century. It was in this context that Piet Mondrian, Wassily Kandinsky, Hilma af Klint and other artists working towards an 'objectless state' became interested in the occult as a way of creating an 'inner' object. The universal and timeless shapes found in geometry: the circle, square and triangle become the spatial elements in abstract art; they are, like color, fundamental systems underlying visible reality. Many of the abstract artists in Russia became Constructivists believing that art was no longer something remote, but life itself. The artist must become a technician,", "Wassily Kandinsky entity which supports the painting, communicating its affective tonality. This tonality is determined by the relative importance of horizontal and vertical lines: the horizontals giving a calm, cold tonality to the basic plane while the verticals impart a calm, warm tonality. The artist intuits the inner effect of the canvas format and dimensions, which he chooses according to the tonality he wants to give to his work. Kandinsky considered the basic plane a living being, which the artist \"fertilises\" and feels \"breathing\". Each part of the basic plane possesses an affective colouration; this influences the tonality of the pictorial elements", "Wassily Kandinsky stand out against the black background of \"Composition X\" as star fragments (or filaments), while enigmatic hieroglyphs with pastel tones cover a large maroon mass which seems to float in the upper-left corner of the canvas. In Kandinsky’s work some characteristics are obvious, while certain touches are more discreet and veiled; they reveal themselves only progressively to those who deepen their connection with his work. He intended his forms (which he subtly harmonised and placed) to resonate with the observer's soul. Writing that \"music is the ultimate teacher,\" Kandinsky embarked upon the first seven of his ten \"Compositions\". The first", "Progressive country Progressive country Progressive country is a subgenre of country music developed in the early 1970s. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, mainstream country music was dominated by the slick Nashville sound and the rock-influenced Bakersfield sound of artists like Merle Haggard. A new generation of country artists emerged, influenced by contemporary rock music, singer-songwriters such as Bob Dylan, and the liberal politics of the 1960s counterculture. Progressive country was a songwriter-based movement and many key artists had previously seen success writing for other artists in Nashville; writing for themselves, they were more concerned with expanding country music than creating", "Darmstadt Artists' Colony those of the other architects were immediately adjacent to one another in the development. The city of Darmstadt established a new artists’ colony in the 1960s. Seven ateliers and residences were erected between 1965 and 1967 according to plans by Rolf Prange, Rudolf Kramer, Bert Seidel, Heribert Hausmann and Reinhold Kargel. The author Heinrich Schirmbeck, the lyricist Karl Krolow, the art historian Hans Maria Wingler and the sculptor Wilhelm Loth were (or are) amongst the inhabitants of this colony. Darmstadt Artists' Colony The Darmstadt Artists’ Colony refers both to a group of Jugendstil artists as well as to the buildings", "Postmodern art Jean-François Lyotard, it was painting of the artists Valerio Adami, Daniel Buren, Marcel Duchamp, Bracha Ettinger, and Barnett Newman that, after the avant-garde's time and the painting of Paul Cézanne and Wassily Kandinsky, was the vehicle for new ideas of the sublime in contemporary art. Critiques on the institutions of art (principally museums and galleries) are made in the work of Michael Asher, Marcel Broodthaers, Daniel Buren and Hans Haacke. Postmodern art Postmodern art is a body of art movements that sought to contradict some aspects of modernism or some aspects that emerged or developed in its aftermath. In general,", "Wassily Kandinsky (1904), in which Kandinsky recreates a highly colourful (and fanciful) view of peasants and nobles in front of the walls of a town. \"Riding Couple\" (1907) depicts a man on horseback, holding a woman with tenderness and care as they ride past a Russian town with luminous walls across a river. The horse is muted while the leaves in the trees, the town, and the reflections in the river glisten with spots of colour and brightness. This work demonstrates the influence of pointillism in the way the depth of field is collapsed into a flat, luminescent surface. Fauvism is also", "Progressive Party (1901) In 1919, the Farmers' and Settlers' Association and the Graziers' Association founded a new Progressive Party, which won metropolitan and rural seats in the 1920 election. Progressive Party (1901) The Progressive Party was an Australian political party, active in New South Wales state politics. The question of tariff policy which, had created and divided the Free Trade Party and Protectionist Party in New South Wales in the 1890s, became a federal issue at the time of federation. Deprived of their main ideological difference, the two parties were recreated as the Liberal Reform Party aligned with the federal Free Trade Party", "Aleksey Ivanovich Kandinsky professor there in 1958 and served as the head of the music history department at the Moscow Conservatory from 1959 until 1992. Aleksey Ivanovich Kandinsky Born in Moscow, Kandinsky was the grandson of artist Wassily Kandinsky. From 1935 to 1939 he studied at the Ippolitov-Ivanov College of Music in Moscow where he was a pupil of Vasily Nikolayevich Argamakov. After serving in the Russian Army during World War II, he pursued graduate music studies under Yury Keldïsh at the Moscow Conservatory where he earned a master's degree in 1948 and a Doctorate in 1956. His doctoral dissertation was on the", "International Congress of Progressive Artists declared that \"Art must become international or it will perish\". According to van Doesburg, when those who refused to sign this proclamation were threatened with exclusion, this led to uproar. The conflict around the proclamation was, according to van Doesburg, was resolved by the International Constructivist Faction, which consisted of van Doesburg himself, El Lissitzky and Hans Richter. In the end the proclamation was signed by the following groups and individuals: International Congress of Progressive Artists International Congress of Progressive Artists was organised by Young Rhineland (Junge Rheinland), with help from the November Group, the Darmstadt Secession and the Dresden", "Group of Seven (artists) was an early institutional supporter of artists associated with the Group, purchasing art from some of their early exhibitions before they had identified themselves officially as the Group of Seven. The Art Gallery of Ontario, in its earlier incarnation as the Art Gallery of Toronto, was the site of their first exhibition as the Group of Seven. The McMichael gallery was founded by Robert and Signe McMichael, who began collecting paintings by the Group of Seven and their contemporaries in 1955. Tom Thomson, J. E. H. MacDonald, Arthur Lismer, Frederick Varley, Frank Johnston and Franklin Carmichael met as employees of", "Naïve art the scene, as from the very first manifestations of art right up to the days of the \"Modern Classic\", naive artists quite unconsciously bequeathed us unmistakable signs of their creative activity. At all events, naive art can be regarded as having occupied an \"official\" position in the annals of twentieth-century art since - at the very latest - the publication of the \"Der Blaue Reiter\", an almanac in 1912. Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc, who brought out the almanac, presented 6 reproductions of paintings by \"le Douanier' Rousseau (Henri Rousseau)\", comparing them with other pictorial examples. However, most experts agree", "Karl Gatermann the Younger Karl Gatermann the Younger Karl Gatermann (June 17, 1909 – April 3, 1992), typically referred to in art circles as Karl Gatermann the Younger, was a German painter, graphic artist, and set designer. He was the nephew of his namesake, Karl Gatermann, also an artist. Gatermann trained as a decorator while working for his father in Zerbst. He attended art school at the Kunstgewerbeschule in Dessau with Wilhelm Danz in 1926, and from 1927 studied at Bauhaus Dessau with Walter Gropius, Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee and Lyonel Feininger. In 1928 he received a journeyman's certificate and he passed his Master's", "Fine Art of Leningrad the Peoples of the USSR\" (1926, Russian Museum), the \"Exhibition of the Latest Tendencies in Art\" (1927, Russian Museum, with participants including Wassily Kandinsky, David Burliuk, Vladimir Tatlin, Alexander Osmerkin, Robert Falk, Pyotr Konchalovsky, Mikhail Larionov, Natalia Goncharova and Marc Chagall), the \"Jubilee Exhibition of Fine Arts\" (1927, Academy of Arts) and \"Contemporary Leningrad Artistic Groupings\" (1928, Russian Museum). There were also exhibitions of paintings by the Kuindzhi Society, the Commune of Artists, the Society of Individualist Artists and the \"4 Arts\" association of artists. Leningrad artists participated in a number of exhibitions in Moscow and abroad, including the \"Exhibition", "Rolf on Art Rolf on Art Rolf on Art was a British art television series made by the BBC. It was hosted by Rolf Harris, the Australian television presenter. The series began in 2001, and the most recent episode was made in 2007. It was followed by Harris's other art programme, \"Star Portraits with Rolf Harris\", which was released after the success of \"Rolf on Art\". Each episode revolved around Harris looking at a various notable artist from history, and both investigating their life as well as imitating their style of art. Unlike many other art presenters, Harris did not just look and", "Indian art of six artists - K. H. Ara, S. K. Bakre, H. A. Gade, M.F. Husain, S.H. Raza and Francis Newton Souza - founded the Bombay Progressive Artists' Group in the year 1952, to establish new ways of expressing India in the post-colonial era. Though the group was dissolved in 1956, it was profoundly influential in changing the idiom of Indian art. Almost all India's major artists in the 1950s were associated with the group. Some of those who are well-known today are Bal Chabda, Manishi Dey, V. S. Gaitonde, Krishen Khanna, Ram Kumar, Tyeb Mehta, K. G. Subramanyan, A. Ramachandran,", "Sophie Taeuber-Arp Paris in 1929–30. In the 1930s, she was a member of the group Cercle et Carré, founded by Michel Seuphor and Joaquín Torres García as a standard-bearer of non-figurative art, and its successor, the Abstraction-Création group (1931–34). Later in the decade she founded a Constructivist review, \"Plastique\" (Plastic) in Paris. Her circle of friends included the artists Sonia Delaunay, Robert Delaunay, Wassily Kandinsky, Joan Miró, and Marcel Duchamp. She was also a member of Allianz, a union of Swiss painters, from 1937 to 1943. In 1940, Taeuber-Arp and Arp fled Paris ahead of the Nazi occupation and moved to Grasse", "Collection of Modern Religious Art, Vatican Museums Marc Chagall, Eduardo Chillida, Giorgio de Chirico, Salvador Dalí, Maurice Denis, Otto Dix, Paul Gauguin, Renato Guttuso, Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Oskar Kokoschka, Alfred Manessier, Giacomo Manzù, Giorgio Morandi, Pablo Picasso, Odilon Redon, Auguste Rodin, Georges Rouault, Maurice Utrillo, Vincent van Gogh. The majority of these works of art were donated by artists and collectors to the Holy See. The prehistory of the Collection of Modern Religious Art begun with the homily of Pope Paul VI during his encounter with artists in the Sistine Chapel on May 7, 1964. Pope Paul VI inaugurated the Collection of Modern Religious Art in", "Art of the Third Reich Exhibition included works by some of the great international names—Paul Klee, Oskar Kokoschka and Wassily Kandinsky—along with famous German artists of the time such Max Beckmann, Emil Nolde, and Georg Grosz. The exhibition handbook explained that the aim of the show was to \"reveal the philosophical, political, racial and moral goals and intentions behind this movement, and the driving forces of corruption which follow them\". Works were included \"if they were abstract or expressionistic, but also in certain cases if the work was by a Jewish artist\", says Jonathan Petropoulos, professor of European History at Claremont McKenna College and author", "Abstract art England and the Deutscher Werkbund. Among the teachers were Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, Johannes Itten, Josef Albers, Anni Albers, and László Moholy-Nagy. In 1925 the school was moved to Dessau and, as the Nazi party gained control in 1932, The Bauhaus was closed. In 1937 an exhibition of degenerate art, 'Entartete Kunst' contained all types of avant-garde art disapproved of by the Nazi party. Then the exodus began: not just from the Bauhaus but from Europe in general; to Paris, London and America. Paul Klee went to Switzerland but many of the artists at the Bauhaus went to America. During", "Tim Hecker Tim Hecker Tim Hecker is a Canadian electronic musician and sound artist. Hecker initially recorded under the moniker Jetone, but has become known internationally for recordings released under his own name, such as \"Harmony in Ultraviolet\" (2006) and \"Ravedeath, 1972\" (2011). He has released nine albums and a number of EPs in addition to collaborations with artists such as Ben Frost, Jóhann Jóhannsson, Daniel Lopatin, and Aidan Baker. His latest album \"Konoyo\" was released on Kranky on 28 September 2018. Born in Vancouver, Hecker is the son of two art teachers. During his high school years, he played in failed" ]

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[ "The landing was north of Sevastopol, so the Russians had arrayed their army in expectation of a direct attack. The allies advanced and on the morning of 20 September came up to the Alma river and the whole Russian army. The position was strong, but after three hours,:424 the frontal attack had driven the Russians out of their dug in positions with losses of 6000 men. The Battle of the Alma had 3,300 Allied losses. Failing to pursue the retreating forces was one of many strategic errors made during the war, and the Russians themselves noted that had they pressed south that day they would have easily captured Sevastopol." ]

[ "As a Southern Gothic novel and a Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the American Deep South. The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets.", "Argentine activists told a news conference that they would not try to snuff out the torch's flame as demonstrators had in Paris and London. \"I want to announce that we will not put out the Olympic torch,\" said pro-Tibet activist Jorge Carcavallo. \"We'll be carrying out surprise actions throughout the city of Buenos Aires, but all of these will be peaceful.\" Among other activities, protesters organized an alternative march that went from the Obelisk to the city hall, featuring their own \"Human Rights Torch.\" A giant banner reading \"Free Tibet\" was also displayed on the torch route. According to a representative from the NGO 'Human Rights Torch Relay', their objective was to \"show the contradiction between the Olympic Games and the presence of widespread human rights violations in China\"", "From that moment Galicia, which participated to a minor extent in the American expansion of the Spanish Empire, found itself at the center of the Atlantic wars fought by Spain against the French and the Protestant powers of England and the Netherlands, whose privateers attacked the coastal areas, but major assaults were not common as the coastline was difficult and the harbors easily defended. The most famous assaults were upon the city of Vigo by Sir Francis Drake in 1585 and 1589, and the siege of A Coruña in 1589 by the English Armada. Galicia also suffered occasional slave raids by Barbary pirates, but not as frequently as the Mediterranean coastal areas. The most famous Barbary attack was the bloody sack of the town of Cangas in 1617. At the time, the king's petitions for money and troops became more frequent, due to the human and economic exhaustion of Castile; the Junta of the Kingdom of Galicia (the local Cortes or representative assembly) was initially receptive to these petitions, raising large sums, accepting the conscription of the men of the kingdom, and even commissioning a new naval squadron which was sustained with the incomes of the Kingdom.", "Throughout the history of the South Slavs, the vernacular, literary, and written languages (e.g. Chakavian, Kajkavian, Shtokavian) of the various regions and ethnicities developed and diverged independently. Prior to the 19th century, they were collectively called \"Illyric\", \"Slavic\", \"Slavonian\", \"Bosnian\", \"Dalmatian\", \"Serbian\" or \"Croatian\". As such, the term Serbo-Croatian was first used by Jacob Grimm in 1824, popularized by the Vienna philologist Jernej Kopitar in the following decades, and accepted by Croatian Zagreb grammarians in 1854 and 1859. At that time, Serb and Croat lands were still part of the Ottoman and Austrian Empires. Officially, the language was called variously Serbo-Croat, Croato-Serbian, Serbian and Croatian, Croatian and Serbian, Serbian or Croatian, Croatian or Serbian. Unofficially, Serbs and Croats typically called the language \"Serbian\" or \"Croatian\", respectively, without implying a distinction between the two, and again in independent Bosnia and Herzegovina, \"Bosnian\", \"Croatian\", and \"Serbian\" were considered to be three names of a single official language. Croatian linguist Dalibor Brozović advocated the term Serbo-Croatian as late as 1988, claiming that in an analogy with Indo-European, Serbo-Croatian does not only name the two components of the same language, but simply charts the limits of the region in which it is spoken and includes everything between the limits (‘Bosnian’ and ‘Montenegrin’). Today, use of the term \"Serbo-Croatian\" is controversial due to the prejudice that nation and language must match. It is still used for lack of a succinct alternative, though alternative names have been used, such as Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS), which is often seen in political contexts such as the Hague War Crimes tribunal.", "DST has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon sunlight for outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin cancer. DST may help in depression by causing individuals to rise earlier, but some argue the reverse. The Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness, chaired by blind sports magnate Gordon Gund, successfully lobbied in 1985 and 2005 for US DST extensions.", "Into the first half of the twentieth century after the establishment of ROC, Nanjing gradually shifted from being a production hub towards being a heavy consumption city, mainly because of the rapid expansion of its wealthy population after Nanjing once again regained the political spotlight of China. A number of huge department stores such as Zhongyang Shangchang sprouted up, attracting merchants from all over China to sell their products in Nanjing. In 1933, the revenue generated by the food and entertainment industry in the city exceeded the sum of the output of the manufacturing and agriculture industry. One third of the city population worked in the service industry, .", "West's musical career has been defined by frequent stylistic shifts, and has seen him develop and explore a variety of different musical approaches and genres throughout his work. When asked about his musical inspirations, he has named A Tribe Called Quest, Stevie Wonder, Michael Jackson, George Michael, LL Cool J, Phil Collins and Madonna as early interests. He has further described musician David Bowie as one of his \"most important inspirations,\" and named producer Puff Daddy as the \"most important cultural figure in my life.\" Early in his career, West pioneered a style of production dubbed \"chipmunk soul\" which utilized pitched-up vocal samples, usually from soul and R&B songs, along with his own drums and instrumentation. His first major release featuring his trademark soulful vocal sampling style was \"This Can't Be Life\", a track from Jay-Z’s The Dynasty: Roc La Familia. West has said that Wu-Tang Clan producer RZA influenced him in his style, and has named Wu-Tang rappers Ghostface Killah and Ol' Dirty Bastard as inspirations. RZA spoke positively of the comparisons, stating in an interview for Rolling Stone, \"All good. I got super respect for Kanye [...] [he] is going to inspire people to be like him.\" West further developed his style on his 2004 debut album, The College Dropout. After a rough version was leaked, he meticulously refined the production, adding string arrangements, gospel choirs, and improved drum programming." ]

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[ "Ancient Mystic Order of Samaritans center, a pyramid with the names \"Xerxes\" and \"AMOS\" inscribed on it, surrounded by palm trees. Below the pyramid is a crescent moon and above it is an owl perched on a scimitar inscribed with \"We Never Sleep,\" the motto of the Order. Below the logo are the letters \"A.M.O.S.\" and above it is the name of the wearer’s sanctorum, Division, or \"Supreme Sanctorum,\" depending on the rank of the member. AMOS possesses a more complex series of fez and tassel colors than most fez-wearing fraternal organizations with the following different fez and tassel color combinations used: The first predecessor" ]

[ "Sinners Never Sleep with We the Kings. A music video was released for \"Loverboy\" on 30 August. On 22 September, the band did a live session for Radio 1 where they played \"Loverboy\" and \"Little Death\". \"Loverboy\" was released as an EP on 23 September with an instrumental and acoustic versions of \"Loverboy\", and \"Moon Child\" as additional tracks. \"Sinners Never Sleep\" was released on October 3. It was accompanied with a behind-the-scenes documentary \"Bite My Tongue\" that was posted on YouTube. The documentary chronicled their history from their first practice session to the recording of \"Sinners Never Sleep\". The iTunes deluxe edition", "Rapid eye movement sleep whilst weaker, transient, \"noise\" memory traces disintegrate. Memory consolidation during paradoxical sleep is specifically correlated with the periods of rapid eye movement, which do not occur continuously. One explanation for this correlation is that the PGO electrical waves, which precede the eye movements, also influence memory. REM sleep could provide a unique opportunity for “unlearning” to occur in the basic neural networks involved in homeostasis, which are protected from this “synaptic downscaling” effect during deep sleep. REM sleep prevails most after birth, and diminishes with age. According to the \"ontogenetic hypothesis\", REM (also known in neonates as \"active sleep\") aids", "Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder (more specifically a parasomnia) in which people act out their dreams. It involves abnormal behavior during the sleep phase with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The major feature of RBD is loss of muscle atonia (i.e., the loss of paralysis) during otherwise intact REM sleep (during which paralysis is not only normal but necessary). REM sleep is the stage of sleep in which most vivid dreaming occurs. The loss of motor inhibition leads to a wide spectrum of behavioral release during sleep. This", "Sinners Never Sleep August, the group performed at Reading Festival in the UK. A live video was released for \"Reckless\" on 6 September composed of tour footage. The track was released as a single on 22 October. The following day, the band performed for BBC Radio 1's Radio One Rocks event. On 8 December, the group played a one-off show at Wembley Arena in London, dubbed The Final Night of Sin. They were supported by We Are the Ocean and Deaf Havana. The show was filmed and subsequently released as a CD/DVD combo in March 2013. \"Sinners Never Sleep\" had reached number one", "Rapid eye movement sleep Rapid eye movement sleep Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep, REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in mammals and birds, distinguishable by random/rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied with low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly. The REM phase is also known as paradoxical sleep (PS) and sometimes desynchronized sleep because of physiological similarities to waking states, including rapid, low-voltage desynchronized brain waves. Electrical and chemical activity regulating this phase seems to originate in the brain stem and is characterized most notably by an abundance of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, combined with", "Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and Mark Mahowald and their team in Minnesota first described RBD in 1986. RBD has also been diagnosed in animals; specifically dogs. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder (more specifically a parasomnia) in which people act out their dreams. It involves abnormal behavior during the sleep phase with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The major feature of RBD is loss of muscle atonia (i.e., the loss of paralysis) during otherwise intact REM sleep (during which paralysis is not only normal but necessary). REM sleep is the stage of sleep", "Rapid eye movement sleep in the brains of sleeping cats. In 1944, Ohlmeyer reported 90-minute ultradian sleep cycles involving male erections lasting for 25 minutes. At University of Chicago in 1952, Eugene Aserinsky, Nathaniel Kleitman, and William C. Dement, discovered phases of rapid eye movement during sleep, and connected these to dreaming. Their article was published September 10, 1953. Aserinsky, then Kleitman, first observed the eye movements and accompanying neuroelectrical activity in their own children. William Dement advanced the study of REM deprivation, with experiments in which subjects were awoken every time their EEG indicated the beginning of REM sleep. He published \"The Effect", "Rapid eye movement sleep R. Ueda and his colleagues identified muscarinic receptor genes M1 (Chrm1) and M3 (Chrm3) as essential genes for REMS sleep. Rapid eye movement sleep Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep, REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in mammals and birds, distinguishable by random/rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied with low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly. The REM phase is also known as paradoxical sleep (PS) and sometimes desynchronized sleep because of physiological similarities to waking states, including rapid, low-voltage desynchronized brain waves. Electrical and chemical activity regulating this phase seems", "Rapid eye movement sleep fetuses in spite of lack of vision. Also, binocular REMs are non-conjugated (i.e., the two eyes do not point in the same direction at a time) and so lack a fixation point. In support of this theory, research finds that in goal-oriented dreams, eye gaze is directed towards the dream action, determined from correlations in the eye and body movements of REM sleep behavior disorder patients who enact their dreams. Dr. David M. Maurice (1922-2002), an eye specialist and semi-retired adjunct professor at Columbia University, proposed that REM sleep was associated with oxygen supply to the cornea, and that aqueous", "Rapid eye movement sleep eye movements themselves may relate to the sense of vision experienced in the dream, but a direct relationship remains to be clearly established. Congenitally blind people, who do not typically have visual imagery in their dreams, still move their eyes in REM sleep. An alternative explanation suggests that the functional purpose of REM sleep is for procedural memory processing, and the rapid eye movement is only a side effect of the brain processing the eye-related procedural memory. Generally speaking, the body suspends homeostasis during paradoxical sleep. Heart rate, cardiac pressure, cardiac output, arterial pressure, and breathing rate quickly become irregular", "Non-rapid eye movement sleep slow wave sleep period. Events experienced in the previous day have more efficient and clearer memory recall the next day thus indicating that the memory regions of the brain are activated during SWS/non-REM sleep instead of being dormant as previously thought. Non-rapid eye movement sleep Non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) is, collectively, sleep stages 1–3, previously known as stages 1–4. Rapid eye movement sleep (REM) is not included. There are distinct electroencephalographic and other characteristics seen in each stage. Unlike REM sleep, there is usually little or no eye movement during these stages. Dreaming is rare during NREM sleep, and", "Non-rapid eye movement sleep Non-rapid eye movement sleep Non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) is, collectively, sleep stages 1–3, previously known as stages 1–4. Rapid eye movement sleep (REM) is not included. There are distinct electroencephalographic and other characteristics seen in each stage. Unlike REM sleep, there is usually little or no eye movement during these stages. Dreaming is rare during NREM sleep, and muscles are not paralyzed as in REM sleep. People who do not go through the sleeping stages properly get stuck in NREM sleep, and because muscles are not paralyzed a person may be able to sleepwalk. According to studies, the mental", "Rapid eye movement sleep their muscles are suppressed). This is different from conventional sleepwalking, which takes place during slow-wave sleep, not REM. Narcolepsy by contrast seems to involve excessive and unwanted REM atonia—i.e., cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness while awake, hypnagogic hallucinations before entering slow-wave sleep, or sleep paralysis while waking. Other psychiatric disorders including depression have been linked to disproportionate REM sleep. Patients with suspected sleep disorders are typically evaluated by polysomnogram. Lesions of the pons to prevent atonia have induced functional “REM behavior disorder” in animals. Rapid eye movement sleep (REM) has since its discovery been closely associated with dreaming. Waking up", "We of the Never Never We of the Never Never We of the Never Never is an autobiographical novel by Jeannie Gunn first published in 1908. Although published as a novel, it is an account of the author's experiences in 1902 at Elsey Station near Mataranka, Northern Territory in which she changed the names of people to obscure their identities. She published this book under the name Mrs Aeneas Gunn, using her husband's first and last name. Over the years newspapers and magazine articles chronicled the fortunes of the Elsey characters: Jeannie outlived all but Bett-Bett. Gunn was the first white woman to settle in", "We of the Never Never (film) The film received six Australian Film Institute Award nominations for 1982. \"We of the Never Never\" was released on DVD by Umbrella Entertainment in June 2004. The DVD is compatible with all region codes and includes special features such as the theatrical trailer, soundtrack, an interview featurette and a documentary. We of the Never Never (film) We of the Never Never is a 1982 Australian drama film, directed by Igor Auzins, based on the autobiographical novel \"We of the Never Never\" by Jeannie Gunn. It was nominated for five AFI awards and earned one award for best cinematography. The film", "We of the Never Never symbols of things that made Australia different from anywhere else, underwriting an Australian legend of life and achievement in the outback, where \"men and a few women still lived heroic lives in rhythm with the gallop of a horse\" in \"forbidding faraway places\". In 1988 the book was referred to as a \"minor masterpiece of Australian letters\" by Penguin’s \"New Literary History of Australia\". The book was made into a film also called \"We of the Never Never\" in 1982 and shot on location in the Northern Territory - the setting of the novel. We of the Never Never We", "Rapid eye movement sleep significantly in childhood. Older people tend to sleep less overall but sleep in REM for about the same absolute time, and therefore spend a greater proportion of sleep in REM. Rapid eye movement sleep can be subclassified into tonic and phasic modes. Tonic REM is characterized by theta rhythms in the brain; phasic REM is characterized by PGO waves and actual “rapid” eye movements. Processing of external stimuli is heavily inhibited during phasic REM, and recent evidence suggests that sleepers are more difficult to arouse from phasic REM than in slow-wave sleep. Selective REMS deprivation causes a significant increase in", "Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy \"Home Media Magazine\"s 2010 Reaper Awards, a yearly DVD show held at the Roosevelt in Hollywood, CA. The film was also the recipient of the 2010 Saturn Award for Best DVD Release of the Year. Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy is a 2010 American four-hour direct-to-disc documentary film that chronicles the entire \"Nightmare on Elm Street\" franchise, except the 2010 remake. The documentary also features the rise of New Line Cinema. Written by Thommy Hutson, produced by Daniel Farrands and Thommy Hutson, and co-directed by Daniel Farrands and Andrew Kasch. Heather", "Sinners Never Sleep album was released in the US. On the same day, \"Little Death\" was made available for free download. In January and February, the group went on a co-headlining US tour with The Swellers with support from We Are the Ocean and Twin Atlantic. The tour was initially planned to be co-headlined with The Dangerous Summer. To coincide with the tour, \"Sinners Never Sleep\" was released in the US on 24 January. Franceschi explained that by having the US release awhile after its original UK release, the label wanted more time to promote it. Around their performances at Soundwave festival in", "Rapid eye movement sleep the absence of the other excitatory neurotransmitters; researchers in recent years increasingly include GABA regulation in their models. Most of the eye movements in “rapid eye movement” sleep are in fact less rapid than those normally exhibited by waking humans. They are also shorter in duration and more likely to loop back to their starting point. About seven of such loops take place over one minute of REM sleep. In slow-wave sleep the eyes can drift apart; however, the eyes of the paradoxical sleeper move in tandem. These eye movements follow the ponto-geniculo-occipital waves originating in the brain stem. The", "An Eye for an Eye (RBL Posse album) An Eye for an Eye (RBL Posse album) An Eye for an Eye is the third album by the RBL Posse. It was released on September 30, 1997 for Big Beat Records, distributed by Atlantic Records and featured production from Rick Rock, Black C, Mike Caren, Cellski, Shannon Lacy,The Enhancer, Stan Keith, Michael Mosley, Femi Ojetunde, TC, Maurice Thompson and Jay Williams. \"An Eye for an Eye\" was the group's most successful album, peaking at #70 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and #14 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, as well as featuring the single \"How We Comin'\", which peaked at #22", "Sleep onset Sleep onset Sleep onset is the transition from wakefulness into sleep. Sleep onset usually transmits into non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM sleep) but under certain circumstances (e.g. narcolepsy) it is possible to transit from wakefulness directly into rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep). During the 1920s an obscure disorder that caused encephalitis and attacked the part of the brain that regulates sleep influenced Europe and North America. Although the virus that caused this disorder was never identified, the psychiatrist and neurologist Constantin von Economo decided to study this disease and identified a key component in the sleep-wake regulation. He identified", "Sinners Never Sleep heavily influenced by Jimmy Eat World. \"The Dilemma\" takes its name from \"The Dilemma\" (2011), featuring Vince Vaughn. It's about a dilemma where Vaughn thinks his friend's wife is cheating. \"When We Were Young\" is about Franceschi's relationship with his parents. Barnes said it was their most experimental song. On 1 August 2011, \"Sinners Never Sleep\" was announced for released in October. In addition, its track listing and artwork were revealed. \"Loverboy\" was made available for streaming on 12 August. Later that month, the band appeared at the V, Reading and Leeds Festivals, and went on a co-headlining Australian tour", "Sinners Never Sleep Sinners Never Sleep Sinners Never Sleep is the third studio album by English rock band You Me at Six. The album was released on 30 September 2011 and was released through Virgin Records in the UK, Australia and New Zealand on 3 October 2011. The album was then released in the United States on 24 January 2012. The first and lead single, \"Loverboy\" was released on 23 September 2011, and was followed by \"Bite My Tongue\" which was released on 2 December. Their third single from the album, titled, \"No One Does It Better\" was released on 6 April 2012.", "Non-rapid eye movement sleep several experiments that low levels of stage 3 sleep are observed in about 40-50% of people with acute and chronic schizophrenia (who typically experience abnormal non-rapid eye movement sleep). NREM sleep was divided into four stages in the Rechtschaffen and Kales (R&K) standardization of 1968. That has been reduced to three in the 2007 update by The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). Sleep spindles are unique to NREM sleep. The most spindle activity occurs at the beginning and the end of NREM. Sleep spindles involve activation in the brain in the areas of the thalamus, anterior cingulate and insular", "The empire on which the sun never sets at the present time.\" In 1821, the \"Caledonian Mercury\" wrote of the British Empire, \"On her dominions the sun never sets; before his evening rays leave the spires of Quebec, his morning beams have shone three hours on Port Jackson, and while sinking from the waters of Lake Superior, his eye opens upon the Mouth of the Ganges.\" Daniel Webster famously expressed a similar idea in 1834: \"A power which has dotted over the surface of the whole globe with her possessions and military posts, whose morning drumbeat, following the sun and keeping company with the hours, circles the earth", "We All Sleep Alone only with Cher and Camilletti in a big bedroom, the second version including a footage from the first and clip with dancers in the streets and her on a stage. On March 31, 1988, this video was released as a promo on VHS tape in the USA. In 2004 it was officially released on DVD in the video compilation, \"\". Cher performed the song on the following concert tours: We All Sleep Alone remix vinyl 12\" We All Sleep Alone \"We All Sleep Alone\" is the second official single from Cher's self-titled eighteenth album \"Cher\", released on January 28, 1988", "Rapid eye movement sleep humor, the liquid between cornea and iris, was stagnant if not stirred. Among the supportive evidences, he calculated that if aqueous humor was stagnant, oxygen from iris had to reach cornea by diffusion through aqueous humor, which was not sufficient. According to the theory, when the animal is awake, eye movement (or cool environmental temperature) enables the aqueous humor to circulate. When the animal is sleeping, REM provides the much-needed stir to aqueous humor. This theory is consistent with the observation that fetuses, as well as eye-sealed newborn animals, spend much time in REM sleep, and that during a normal", "We All Sleep Alone We All Sleep Alone \"We All Sleep Alone\" is the second official single from Cher's self-titled eighteenth album \"Cher\", released on January 28, 1988 by Geffen Records. The single was also released on VHS containing the music video, as directed by Cher. This song was written and produced by Desmond Child, Jon Bon Jovi and Richie Sambora (with whom Cher would later be romantically involved). This song was remixed by Todd Terry for her 1998 album \"Believe\". Allmusic highlighted the song on her 1987 self-titled album. There are two version of videos for \"We All Sleep Alone\". the first is", "An Eye for an Eye (1981 film) An Eye for an Eye (1981 film) An Eye for an Eye is a 1981 American action film directed by Steve Carver, and starring Chuck Norris, Christopher Lee, Richard Roundtree, Matt Clark, Mako Iwamatsu, and Maggie Cooper. Undercover San Francisco narcotics cops Sean Kane (Norris) and Dave Pierce (Terry Kiser) head into a dark alley to meet up with an informant named Tony Montoya (Mel Novak), who promises to break their big investigation wide open, by providing the name of the oriental drug ringleader. Minutes later Pierce is dead, after having been shot, hit by a car, and burned. Kane", "Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep sleep had an advantage and were more likely to escape their potential predators over other species that lacked the ability. Birds can sleep more efficiently with both hemispheres sleeping simultaneously (bihemispheric slow wave sleep) when in safe conditions, but will increase the usage of USWS if they are in a potentially more dangerous environment. It is more beneficial to sleep using both hemispheres; however, the positives of unihemispheric slow-wave sleep prevail over its negatives under extreme conditions. While in unihemispheric slow-wave sleep, birds will sleep with one open eye towards the direction from which predators are more likely to approach.", "Home and Away: An Eye for an Eye team wanted to keep it PG, so regular viewers of the show would not be put off. Addario commented that they were \"respecting\" the show's brand. Moo stated that \"An Eye for an Eye\" would never be broadcast on Seven, as it was exclusive to Presto. Daniel Kilkelly of Digital Spy confirmed that \"An Eye for an Eye\" would be available to view on Presto following the 2015 season finale of \"Home and Away\" on Seven. Actor Nic Westaway, who portrays Kyle Braxton, said the events that take place in \"An Eye for an Eye\" would not affect the storylines", "Rapid eye movement sleep circulation which do not occur in any other modes of sleeping or waking. The body abruptly loses muscle tone, a state known as REM atonia. Professor Nathaniel Kleitman and his student Eugene Aserinsky defined rapid eye movement and linked it to dreams in 1953. REM sleep was further described by researchers including William Dement and Michel Jouvet. Many experiments have involved awakening test subjects whenever they begin to enter the REM phase, thereby producing a state known as REM deprivation. Subjects allowed to sleep normally again usually experience a modest REM rebound. Techniques of neurosurgery, chemical injection, electroencephalography, positron emission", "Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep (USWS) is sleep with one half of the brain while the other half remains alert. This is in contrast to normal sleep where both eyes are shut and both halves of the brain show reduced consciousness. In USWS, also known as asymmetric slow-wave sleep, one half of the brain is in deep sleep, a form of non-rapid eye movement sleep and the eye corresponding to this half is closed while the other eye remains open. When examined by low-voltage electroencephalography (EEG), the characteristic slow-wave sleep tracings are seen from one side while the other", "Rapid eye movement sleep when the body moves into REM sleep. In general, respiratory reflexes such as response to hypoxia diminish. Overall, the brain exerts less control over breathing; electrical stimulation of respiration-linked brain areas does not influence the lungs, as it does during non-REM sleep and in waking. The fluctuations of heart rate and arterial pressure tend to coincide with PGO waves and rapid eye movements, twitches, or sudden changes in breathing. Erections of the penis (nocturnal penile tumescence or NPT) normally accompany REM sleep in rats and humans. If a male has erectile dysfunction (ED) while awake, but has NPT episodes during", "Every Open Eye 2016, the band released \"Warning Call\", the theme song from the video game \"Mirror's Edge Catalyst\". It was included in the extended edition of the album, released on 29 July 2016. On 10 June 2016, the band released the fifth and final single \"Bury It\", a new version featuring Hayley Williams. \"Every Open Eye\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has an average score of 77 out of 100, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\" based on 31 reviews. \"Billboard\"'s Carl Wilson's", "Maybe We Should Just Sleep on It saying that they should just sleep on the decision and work it out tomorrow. Dan Milliken of Country Universe gave the song a C grade, saying that \"the generic 'moody' 90′s production does some of the damage, as does a patchwork melody that can’t seem to connect its phrases. But you can also hear McGraw still ironing out his vocal technique, as his likably nervous tremor in the verses meets a series of clumsy trills and some pitchy \"baby\"s and \"maybe\"s.\" The music video was directed by Sherman Halsey and premiered in late 1996. \"Maybe We Should Just Sleep on", "Rapid eye movement sleep spend more than half (50–80%) of a 24-hour day in REM sleep. Sleeping reptiles do not seem to have PGO waves or the localized brain activation seen in mammalian REM. However they do exhibit sleep cycles with phases of REM-like electrical activity measurable by EEG. A recent study found periodic eye movements in the central bearded dragon of Australia, leading its authors to speculate that the common ancestor of amniotes may therefore have manifested some precursor to REMS. Sleep deprivation experiments on non-human animals can be set up differently than those on humans. The “flower pot” method involves placing a", "Open Eye Gallery Open Eye Gallery Open Eye Gallery is a photography gallery and archive in Liverpool, UK that was established in 1977. It is housed in a purpose-built building on the waterfront at Mann Island, its fourth location. Open Eye Gallery comprises an exhibition space on one floor and an archive space on another, and has large-scale graphic art installations on its external facade. It is the only gallery dedicated to photography and related media in North West England. It is a non-profit organisation and a registered charity. Open Eye Gallery first opened in Whitechapel, Liverpool (1977–1988); then Bold Street (1989–1995); then", "Home and Away: An Eye for an Eye stated, \"That was really exciting, it was probably the biggest chunk of that project we shot in one go. We shot a bit before and a lot after.\" Ewing, Mason and Westaway also filmed scenes in the town of Blackheath at the start of September. Westaway, and some of the other cast members, had to fit in filming for the special around their \"Home and Away\" schedules. The actor said it was \"a bit of a challenge\", as they had to remember the chronological order of scenes and where they were in their respective storylines. \"An Eye for An Eye\"", "We of the Never Never (film) We of the Never Never (film) We of the Never Never is a 1982 Australian drama film, directed by Igor Auzins, based on the autobiographical novel \"We of the Never Never\" by Jeannie Gunn. It was nominated for five AFI awards and earned one award for best cinematography. The film focusses on the life of Jeannie, a woman from the upper classes of society, and her story of adapting to life in the outback of Australia. Following her marriage to Aeneas Gunn who has just bought a 1 million acre cattle station near Mataranka, called Elsey Station, Jeannie follows him", "Safe to Sleep based on the epidemiology of SIDS and physiological evidence which shows that infants who sleep on their back have lower arousal thresholds and less slow-wave sleep (SWS) compared to infants who sleep on their stomachs. In human infants sleep develops rapidly during early development. This development includes an increase in non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM sleep) which is also called quiet sleep (QS) during the first 12 months of life in association with a decrease in rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep) which is also known as active sleep (AS). In addition, slow wave sleep (SWS) which consists of stage", "Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep allows for the one eye to be open, the cerebral hemisphere that undergoes slow-wave sleep varies depending on the position of the bird relative to the rest of the flock. If the bird's left side is facing outward, the left hemisphere will be in slow-wave sleep; if the bird's right side is facing outward, the right hemisphere will be in slow-wave sleep. This is because the eyes are contra-lateral to the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex. The open eye of the bird is always directed towards the outside of the group, in the direction from which predators", "Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder Questionnaires such as the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ), the REM Sleep Behavior Questionnaires – Hong-Kong (RBD-HK), the Mayo Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ) and the Innsbruck REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Inventory are well-validated. Individuals with RBD may not be able to provide a history of dream enactment behavior, so bed partners are also consulted. The REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Single-Question Screen offers diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in the absence of polysomnography with one question: \"Have you ever been told, or suspected yourself, that you seem to 'act out your dreams' while asleep (for example, punching, flailing", "Rapid eye movement sleep This reflex, also known as animal hypnosis or death feigning, functions as the last line of defense against an attacking predator and consists of the total immobilization of the animal so that it appears dead. Tsoukalas argues that the neurophysiology and phenomenology of this reaction shows striking similarities to REM sleep; for example, both reactions exhibit brainstem control, paralysis, hypocampal theta rhythm, and thermoregulatory changes. According to \"scanning hypothesis\", the directional properties of REM sleep are related to a shift of gaze in dream imagery. Against this hypothesis is that such eye movements occur in those born blind and in", "Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy a lot to love about \"Never Sleep Again\", and virtually nothing to hate. It's not only an expertly crafted film about a beloved horror franchise, it's also a film about the legacy of New Line Cinema, and ultimately, a film about the horror genre as a whole. Frankly, you won't find a horror documentary better than this one.\" Jeremy Thomas of 411mania wrote of the documentary, \"The first thing to realize regarding \"Never Sleep Again\" is the length. The documentary is very nearly four hours long, a length that completely dwarfs that of \"His Name Was Jason\", the documentary made", "Rapid eye movement sleep REM sleep, and the existence of similar PGO waves is thus inferred.) These waves occur in clusters about every 6 seconds for 1–2 minutes during the transition from deep to paradoxical sleep. They exhibit their highest amplitude upon moving into the visual cortex and are a cause of the \"rapid eye movements\" in paradoxical sleep. Other muscles may also contract under the influence of these waves. Research in the 1990s using positron emission tomography (PET) confirmed the role of the brain stem and suggested that, within the forebrain, the limbic and paralimbic systems showed more activation than other areas. The", "Every Open Eye ended, despite the fact that they were still renting the place at the time, and decided to stay in the studio to produce \"Every Open Eye\": \"we wanted to go right back to where it all started. Partly, I guess, superstitiously. There’s something in the room that we didn't want to lose, and we’d rather invest the money that we had available into upgrading the gear and patching it all in — just making it exactly the way we wanted it, rather than giving it to some other studio and another producer in LA or wherever.” Doherty said that the", "We of the Never Never (film) film soundtrack by Peter Best was initially released on LP. Years later it was released again on compact disc along with \"Devil in the Flesh\". It features a simple but beautiful melody: part of a haunting score which is one of the best in Australia film history. The soundtrack recording was produced by Peter Best and released by Festival Records and 1M1 Records. \"We of the Never Never\" grossed $3,112,000 at the box office in Australia, which is equivalent to $9,055,920 in 2009 dollars. The movie was also popular in England. The \"New York Times\" commented: \"Time Out London\" comments:", "An Eye for an Eye (novel) An Eye for an Eye (novel) An Eye for an Eye is a novel by Anthony Trollope written between 13 September and 10 October 1870, but held back from publication until August 1878 when serialization began in the \"Whitehall Review\". Publication in the form of a two volume novel was timed to coincide with the issue of the final serialized episodes in January 1879. It is one of five novels which Trollope set mainly in Ireland, although much of the story takes place at Scroope Manor in Dorsetshire, the ancestral home of the ageing Earl of Scroope. Fred Neville aka", "The World That Never Was and his sympathy for his subjects. Writing for \"The A.V. Club\", Samantha Nelson gave the book a rating of \"B-\", explaining that \"Butterworth's fascination with the era is a mixed blessing\"; while Clif Garboden of the \"Boston Phoenix\" questioned the book's style and presentation but described it as \"interesting, important, impressively (too) thorough, fair, and eye-opening\". In the \"International Socialist Review\", Eric Kerl wrote \"\"The World That Never Was\" brilliantly contextualizes the political radicalism of the time\", but criticised Butterworth's ambivalence towards Marxism and Leninism and lack of an analysis of revolutionary strategy. The World That Never Was The World", "United States national motto United States national motto The modern motto of the United States of America, as established in a 1956 law signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, is \"In God We Trust\". The phrase first appeared on U.S. coins in 1864. The 1956 law was the first establishment of an official motto for the country, although E Pluribus Unum (\"from many, one\") was adopted by an Act of Congress in 1782 as the motto for the Seal of the United States and has been used on coins and paper money since 1795. A phrase similar to \"In God We Trust\" appears in", "Sleep Chamber the German tour, Sleep Chamber only performed two more times. The first was a 1997 benefit concert (with Zewizz, Newman, and Walker, sans Barbitchuettes), followed by a last Sleep Chamber show on December 31, 2000 (featuring Zewizz and new collaborator B. Avikon as well as Barbitchuette dancer Semiramis). The final blow to Zewizz came in 2001 when Zewizz's girlfriend and Barbitchuette dancer Laura Graff died of an apparent drug overdose. Zewizz was questioned by police in the suspicious death before it was ruled an accidental heroin overdose. Although out of the public eye, Zewizz never stopped recording. In 2004, he", "Like We Never Said Goodbye Way\" wrote, \"Like is a very catchy love ballad that is reminiscent of Walker’s hits in the mid 90’s. Well written and extremely well performed, Like should be able to connect with many people and remind them of their loves and loves lost.\" \"Like We Never Said Goodbye\" debuted at number 57 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart dated December 3, 2011 after unsolicited airplay. The song re-entered the chart at number 60 for the week of January 14. Like We Never Said Goodbye \"Like We Never Said Goodbye\" is a song written by Cory Batten and Tiffany", "Sleep with Me Podcast Sleep with Me Podcast Sleep With Me Podcast is a twice-weekly podcast that began on October 18, 2013. It is hosted by \"Dearest Scooter\" as performed by Drew Ackerman. Since February 2017, \"Sleep With Me Podcast\" has been part of the Feral Audio podcast network. Since March 28th 2018 the podcast has been part of Night Vale Presents. The podcast's tagline is \"The podcast that puts you to sleep\". \"Sleep With Me Podcast\" is meant to distract listeners, keeping their minds occupied when they experience insomnia, while gently lulling them to sleep. Ackerman is open about his own struggles with", "The Girl Who Takes an Eye for an Eye delays, which irritate\". The review in \"USA Today\" calls Salander a fascinating character, and warns potential readers the reviewer thought she was not present for too much of the novel. \"Paste\" magazine's review also noted the relative absence of Salander, asserting that Lagercrantz seemed to prefer focusing on new characters that he invented. The Girl Who Takes an Eye for an Eye The Girl Who Takes an Eye for an Eye (original title in , literally \"The Man Who Chased His Shadow\") is the fifth novel in the \"Millennium\" series, focusing on the characters Lisbeth Salander and Mikael Blomkvist. Written", "Never Could Toe the Mark I was never there. And the only time she'd see me is when I'd come in and crash and sleep for days, and she didn't know when I'd sleep if I'd ever wake up.\" \"Never Could Toe the Mark\" peaked at #20 on the \"Billboard\" country albums chart, Jennings' lowest showing since 1971's \"Cedartown, Georgia\". Never Could Toe the Mark Never Could Toe the Mark is an album by Waylon Jennings, released on RCA Victor in 1984. \"Never Could Toe the Mark\" was released at a pivotal time for Jennings, who was trying to get sober after over twenty years", "The empire on which the sun never sets Sam\". In 1906, William Jennings Bryan wrote, \"If we can not boast that the sun never sets on American territory, we can find satisfaction in the fact that the sun never sets on American philanthropy\"; after which, \"The New York Times\" received letters attempting to disprove his presupposition. A 1991 history book discussion of U.S. expansion states, \"Today ... the sun never sets on American territory, properties owned by the U.S. government and its citizens, American armed forces abroad, or countries that conduct their affairs within limits largely defined by American power.\" Although most of these sentiments have a patriotic", "Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep In domestic chicks and other species of birds exhibiting USWS, one eye remained open contra-lateral (on the opposite side) to the \"awake\" hemisphere. The closed eye was shown to be opposite the hemisphere engaging in slow-wave sleep. Learning tasks, such as those including predator recognition, demonstrated the open eye could be preferential. This has also been shown to be the favored behavior of belugas, although inconsistencies have arisen directly relating the sleeping hemisphere and open eye. Keeping one eye open aids birds in engaging in USWS while mid-flight as well as helping them observe predators in their vicinity. Brain temperature", "We of the Never Never (film) asked not to help a feverish yet dying man, or to interfere with the balance of things, or to give the Aboriginal people goods meant for the working men. As a result, she spends more time with the locals, since she longs to learn and understand more about their ways. Jeannie even takes a semi-orphaned mixed-heritage child called Bett-Bett under her wing, much to the dismay of her husband. Over time Jeannie gains the respect of the Aboriginal people and they slowly open up to her. At one point, Goggle Eye, an elder Aboriginal male, allows her to watch an", "Neuroscience of sleep animal may also be capable of sleeping at rest. The correlates of sleep found for mammals are valid for birds as well i.e. bird sleep is very similar to mammals and involves both SWS and REM sleep with similar features, including closure of both eyes, lowered muscle tone, etc. However, the proportion of REM sleep in birds is much lower. Also, some birds can sleep with one eye open if there is high predation risk in the environment. This gives rise to the possibility of sleep in flight; considering that sleep is very important and some bird species can fly", "Home and Away: An Eye for an Eye summer. And I am so into it.\" Following the success of \"Home and Away: An Eye for An Eye\", it was announced on 6 May 2016 that two more feature-length episodes had been commissioned. \"\" and \"Home and Away: All or Nothing\" aired on Foxtel, following the closure of Presto, on 19 December 2016 and 26 January 2017 respectively. Both Ewing and Gormley reprised their roles once again for the specials. Two novels, one of which ties in with \"An Eye for an Eye\", were later released by Hachette Australia. Home and Away: An Eye for an Eye Home and", "We of the Never Never of malarial dysentery and Jeannie returned to Melbourne shortly afterwards. \"We of the Never Never\" was first published in London by Hutchinson after being rejected by six publishers. It was translated into German in 1927. By 1945, 320,000 copies of the book had been sold. This novel, together with her other book, was adapted for Australian schools. By 1990 over a million copies of the book had been sold. The book is regarded as being significant as a precursor of the 1930s landscape writers. Already in 1908 Australia was a significantly urbanised country and the book was seen to provide", "The Night We Never Met quintessential New York movie, \"The Night We Never Met\" takes a novel premise and develops it in fits and starts.\" Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" wrote, \"\"The Night We Never Met\" is never lifelike enough to evoke the madly romantic New York atmosphere it seems to be after. The actors try hard, but they are hamstrung by too many broad strokes and silly inconsistencies.\" The Night We Never Met The Night We Never Met is a 1993 American romantic comedy film directed by Warren Leight. The film stars Matthew Broderick, Annabella Sciorra and Kevin Anderson. Upset with his", "Sleep brain uses less energy. REM sleep, also known as paradoxical sleep, represents a smaller portion of total sleep time. It is the main occasion for dreams (or nightmares), and is associated with desynchronized and fast brain waves, eye movements, loss of muscle tone, and suspension of homeostasis. The sleep cycle of alternate NREM and REM sleep takes an average of 90 minutes, occurring 4–6 times in a good night's sleep. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) divides NREM into three stages: N1, N2, and N3, the last of which is also called delta sleep or slow-wave sleep. The whole", "Private Eye the company secretary. Within its pages the magazine always refers to its owner as the mythical proprietor \"Lord Gnome\", a satirical dig at autocratic press barons. The magazine's masthead features a cartoon logo of an armoured knight, Gnitty, with a bent sword, parodying the \"Crusader\" logo of the \"Daily Express\". The logo for the magazine's news page is a donkey-riding naked Mr Punch caressing his erect and oversized penis, while hugging a female admirer. It is a detail from by \"Dickie\" Doyle that once formed the masthead of \"Punch\" magazine, which the editors of \"Private Eye\" had come to loathe", "Rapid eye movement sleep a nearly complete absence of monoamine neurotransmitters histamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. REM sleep is physiologically different from the other phases of sleep, which are collectively referred to as non-REM sleep (NREM sleep, NREMS, synchronized sleep). REM and non-REM sleep alternate within one sleep cycle, which lasts about 90 minutes in adult humans. As sleep cycles continue, they shift towards a higher proportion of REM sleep. The transition to REM sleep brings marked physical changes, beginning with electrical bursts called PGO waves originating in the brain stem. Organisms in REM sleep suspend central homeostasis, allowing large fluctuations in respiration, thermoregulation, and", "Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy is a 2010 American four-hour direct-to-disc documentary film that chronicles the entire \"Nightmare on Elm Street\" franchise, except the 2010 remake. The documentary also features the rise of New Line Cinema. Written by Thommy Hutson, produced by Daniel Farrands and Thommy Hutson, and co-directed by Daniel Farrands and Andrew Kasch. Heather Langenkamp, who portrayed Nancy Thompson in three of the \"Nightmare\" films, served as the project's executive producer and narrator. Farrands, Hutson, and Kasch first worked together on the documentary film \"His Name Was Jason\". Farrands", "Sleep in fish Sleep in fish Whether fish sleep is an intriguing question, to the point of having inspired the title of several popular science books. In birds and mammals, sleep is defined by eye closure and the presence of typical patterns of electrical activity in the brain, including the neocortex, but fish lack eyelids and a neocortex. Some species that always live in shoals or that swim continuously (because of a need for ram ventilation of the gills, for example) are suspected never to sleep. There is also doubt about certain blind species that live in caves. Other fish seem to sleep,", "Sleep Room were more interested in intoxication than recording. Despite this, the record sold well, and Sleep Room began to refine their sound, working hard on new music and gigging in Guildford, Reading and Bracknell. In 2003 however, after an extended period of tension and artistic differences, Sleep Room and Oli Griffiths parted company. Weston, Cook and King overhauled the Sleep Room sound and began developing a more challenging catalogue of sounds while keeping an eye out for a replacement bass player. While drinking in The Hope and Anchor, a pub in Wokingham, Cook came in contact with Griffiths' replacement David Treasure;", "Wink of an Eye , competency was the least we could hope to expect from the series.\" Melissa N. Hayes-Gehrke of the University of Maryland found more problems with the science: StarTrekReviews.com found some praise: \"There's no character interaction between our heroes, save for the wonderful moment when Kirk meets Spock in the corridor and simply smiles\"—a moment which many other reviewers also enjoyed. Wink of an Eye \"Wink of an Eye\" is the eleventh episode of the of the American science fiction television series \"\", first broadcast on November 29, 1968, and repeated on June 24, 1969. It is episode #66, production #68,", "Sleep sex Sleep sex Sexsomnia, also known as sleep sex, is a distinct form of parasomnia, or an abnormal activity that occurs while an individual is asleep. Sexsomnia is characterized by an individual engaging in sexual acts while in non rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Sexual behaviors that result from sexsomnia are not to be mistaken with normal nocturnal sexual behaviors, which do not occur during NREM sleep. Sexual behaviors that are viewed as normal during sleep and are accompanied by extensive research and documentation include nocturnal emissions, nocturnal erections, and sleep orgasms. Sexsomnia can present in an individual with other pre-existing", "Pig's Eye Brewing Company the Great American Beer Festival, Between The Bluffs Beer Festival, and the World Beer Championships. BeerAdvocate has rated their beers at between C and D on an A-F scale. Pig's Eye Brewing Company The Pig's Eye Brewing Company, established in 2002 in Saint Paul, Minnesota, brew the \"Pig's Eye\" brand of beers and the \"Pit Bull\" beer. The company was established when the former Minnesota Brewing Company, which had introduced the beer in 1992, folded due to financial troubles. The beer is named after Pierre \"Pig's Eye\" Parrant, a probably French-Canadian man who became the first resident of Saint Paul", "Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy including: The second disc includes extended interviews and a \"first look\" at Heather Langenkamp's \"I Am Nancy\". It also includes the featurettes: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 100%, based on 6 reviews, with an average rating of 8.5/10. Michael Gingold of \"Fangoria\" gave the documentary their highest marks, writing that \"the amount of behind-the-scenes and other footage the filmmakers have assembled is nothing short of amazing. \"Never Sleep Again\" contains a treasure trove of rare and never-before-seen deleted scenes, FX-creation shots, etc\", concluding, \"... [the film] truly does do justice to the \"Elm Street\" legacy,", "Rapid eye movement sleep tomography, and reports of dreamers upon waking, have all been used to study this phase of sleep. REM sleep is \"paradoxical\" because of its similarities to wakefulness. Although the body is paralyzed, the brain acts somewhat awake, with cerebral neurons firing with the same overall intensity as in wakefulness. Electroencephalography during REM deep sleep reveal fast, low amplitude, desynchronized neural oscillation (brainwaves) that resemble the pattern seen during wakefulness which differ from the slow δ (delta) waves pattern of NREM deep sleep. An important element of this contrast is the θ (theta) rhythm in the hippocampus that show 40–60 Hz", "The War We Never Fought possession and use were also punished. In April 2012, he gave evidence to the Parliamentary Home Affairs Select Committee as part of its inquiry into drugs policy and called for the British government to introduce a more hardline policy on drugs. The cover image is an obvious take on the album cover for \"Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\". A month before \"The War We Never Fought\"'s publication, Ed West in \"The Daily Telegraph\" said that the book had provoked criticism not only from the Left, but also from the free-market libertarian Right, In \"Prospect\" magazine, Peter Lilley wrote that", "Eye for an eye father Augustine of Hippo. He already discussed in his \"Contra Faustum\", Book XIX, the points of 'fulfilment or destruction' of the Jewish law. George Robinson characterizes the passage of Exodus (\"an eye for an eye\") as one of the \"most controversial in the Bible\". According to Robinson, some have pointed to this passage as evidence of the vengeful nature of justice in the Hebrew Bible. Similarly, Abraham Bloch speculates that the \"lex talionis has been singled out as a classical example of biblical harshness.\" Harry S. Lewis points to Lamech, Gideon and Samson as Biblical heroes who were renowned for", "Logo in logo design and plays an important role in brand differentiation. The importance of color in this context is due to the mechanics of human visual perception wherein color and contrast play critical roles in visual detail detection. In addition, we tend to acquire various color connotations and color associations through social and cultural conditioning, and these play a role in how we decipher and evaluate logo color. While color is considered important to brand recognition and logo design, it shouldn't conflict with logo functionality, and it needs to be remembered that color connotations and associations are not consistent across", "The Law that Never Was Benson's claim was also rejected in \"Miller v. United States\". The court stated, \"We find it hard to understand why the long and unbroken line of cases upholding the constitutionality of the Sixteenth Amendment generally, \"Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Company\" ... and those specifically rejecting the argument advanced in \"The Law That Never Was\", have not persuaded Miller and his compatriots to seek a more effective forum for airing their attack on the federal income tax structure.\" The court then sanctioned the litigants for advancing a \"patently frivolous\" position. Similar \"Sixteenth Amendment arguments\" have been uniformly rejected by the", "The World That Never Was as \"intriguing, provocative and written with a novelist’s eye for detail ... an engrossing journey\". In \"The Guardian\", anarchist writer Stuart Christie noted the relevance of the book's themes to contemporary tactics in policing and the Metropolitan Police Service's reluctance to make public files from the 1890s. Francis Wheen, writing in the \"Financial Times\", wrote that the book was \"exhilarating\" and questioned whether \"the world that never was – one ignoring borders, and divisions of class and religion – [might] resemble the world as it might one day be\"; while Peter Preston of \"The Observer\" described Butterworth's story as one", "Sleep sex a young age. Sleep sex Sexsomnia, also known as sleep sex, is a distinct form of parasomnia, or an abnormal activity that occurs while an individual is asleep. Sexsomnia is characterized by an individual engaging in sexual acts while in non rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Sexual behaviors that result from sexsomnia are not to be mistaken with normal nocturnal sexual behaviors, which do not occur during NREM sleep. Sexual behaviors that are viewed as normal during sleep and are accompanied by extensive research and documentation include nocturnal emissions, nocturnal erections, and sleep orgasms. Sexsomnia can present in an individual", "Rapid eye movement sleep reinterpreted in relation to previous semantic representations or nodes.\" In the \"ultradian sleep cycle\" an organism alternates between deep sleep (slow, large, synchronized brain waves) and paradoxical sleep (faster, desynchronized waves). Sleep happens in the context of the larger circadian rhythm, which influences sleepiness and physiological factors based on timekeepers within the body. Sleep can be distributed throughout the day or clustered during one part of the rhythm: in nocturnal animals, during the day, and in diurnal animals, at night. The organism returns to homeostatic regulation almost immediately after REM sleep ends. During a night of sleep, humans usually experience", "A Little Party Never Killed Nobody (All We Got) and GoonRock. Prior to the release of the album, the song premiered on \"Rolling Stone\"s official website on April 15, 2013. \"A Little Party Never Killed Nobody (All We Got)\" is a swing-flavored hip hop and dubstep song with lyrics about partying. The official music video was released via YouTube on August 6, 2013. A Little Party Never Killed Nobody (All We Got) \"A Little Party Never Killed Nobody (All We Got)\" is a 2013 song recorded by Fergie, Q-Tip and GoonRock for the soundtrack to the 2013 film \"The Great Gatsby\", an adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel of", "Pig's Eye Brewing Company Pig's Eye Brewing Company The Pig's Eye Brewing Company, established in 2002 in Saint Paul, Minnesota, brew the \"Pig's Eye\" brand of beers and the \"Pit Bull\" beer. The company was established when the former Minnesota Brewing Company, which had introduced the beer in 1992, folded due to financial troubles. The beer is named after Pierre \"Pig's Eye\" Parrant, a probably French-Canadian man who became the first resident of Saint Paul and operated a tavern out of Fountain Cave near what is now downtown. The Pig's Eye Brewing Company brews four beers: The Pig's Eye Beers have received awards at", "Rapid eye movement sleep the number of attempts to go into REM stage while asleep. On recovery nights, an individual will usually move to stage 3 and REM sleep more quickly and experience an REM rebound, which refers to an increase in the time spent in REM stage over normal levels. These findings are consistent with the idea that REM sleep is biologically necessary. However, the \"rebound\" REM sleep usually does not last fully as long as the estimated length of the missed REM periods. After the deprivation is complete, mild psychological disturbances, such as anxiety, irritability, hallucinations, and difficulty concentrating may develop and", "Why We Nap ratio of lighter sleep stages to deeper sleep stages is slightly reduced and that sleep stages are often taken out of order or not at all, that is, some naps may be composed primarily of slow wave sleep while rapid eye movement sleep dominates other naps. Why We Nap Why We Nap: Evolution, Chronobiology, and Functions of Polyphasic and Ultrashort Sleep (1992) is a book edited by Claudio Stampi, sole proprietor of the Chronobiology Research Institute. It is frequently mentioned by \"polyphasic sleepers\", as it is one of the few published books about the subject of systematic short napping in", "Eye for an Eye (1996 film) Ebert gave the film one star (out of four), calling it \"a particularly nasty little example of audience manipulation\" and writing that it \"is intellectually corrupt because it deliberately avoids dealing with the issues it raises.\" Ebert also compared the film to \"Dead Man Walking\", saying \"\"Dead Man Walking\" challenges us to deal with a wide range of ethical and moral issues. \"Eye for an Eye\" cynically blinkers us, excluding morality as much as it can, to service an exploitation plot.\" Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" wrote \"Never in his varied career has Mr. Schlesinger made a film", "The Law that Never Was Foster. Because of this, Benson insists, the district court should have at least granted him an evidentiary hearing on the Sixteenth Amendment issue.<br><br> Benson is wrong. In Thomas, we specifically examined the arguments made in The Law That Never Was, and concluded that \"Benson ... did not discover anything.\" We concluded that Secretary Knox's declaration that sufficient states had ratified the Sixteenth Amendment was conclusive, and that \"Secretary Knox's decision is now beyond review.\" [...] It necessarily follows that the district court correctly refused to hold an evidentiary hearing; no hearing is necessary to consider an issue that is \"beyond", "Same as It Never Was (novel) Same as It Never Was (novel) Same as it Never Was, is a novel by novelist Claire Scovell LaZebnik which was published in 2003 and made into a TV movie in 2006 called \"Hello Sister, Goodbye Life\". starring Lacey Chabert and Wendie Malick. \" An amazingly assured first novel full of dry wit, an observant eye, and a lot of heart. LaZebnik's heroine pushes all the emotional buttons-you hate her, you relate to her, you root for her, and, above all, you laugh at her hilarious one-liners. This is a romance with bite, and I enjoyed every morsel.\" -Jane Heller,", "United States national motto has not ruled on the issue. United States national motto The modern motto of the United States of America, as established in a 1956 law signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, is \"In God We Trust\". The phrase first appeared on U.S. coins in 1864. The 1956 law was the first establishment of an official motto for the country, although E Pluribus Unum (\"from many, one\") was adopted by an Act of Congress in 1782 as the motto for the Seal of the United States and has been used on coins and paper money since 1795. A phrase similar to", "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for her fourth studio album, \"Red\" (2012). Swift co-wrote the song with its producers, Max Martin and Shellback. The song was released as the lead single from \"Red\" on August 13, 2012, by Big Machine Records. Its lyrics depict Swift's frustrations at an ex-lover who wants to re-kindle their relationship. \"Rolling Stone\" magazine named the song the second best song of 2012 while it took the fourth spot in \"Time\"s end-of-year poll. The song received a Grammy", "We Shall Keep the Faith We Shall Keep the Faith \"We Shall Keep the Faith\" is a poem penned by Moina Michael in November 1918. She received inspiration for this poem from \"In Flanders Fields\". The \"poppy red\" refers to \"Papaver rhoeas\". <poem style=\"font: italic bold 125% Arial; text-align: center;\"> Oh! you who sleep in Flanders Fields, Sleep sweet - to rise anew! We caught the torch you threw And holding high, we keep the Faith With All who died. We cherish, too, the poppy red That grows on fields where valor led; It seems to signal to the skies That blood of heroes never", "Open Court Publishing Company its existence, the company had its offices in the Hegeler Carus Mansion. Open Court specializes in philosophy, science, and religion. It was one of the first academic presses in the country, as well as one of the first publishers of inexpensive editions of the classics. It also published the journals \"Open Court\" and \"The Monist\"— the latter is still being published. The Open Court Monthly Magazine's motto was \"Devoted to the Science of Religion, the Religion of Science, and the Extension of the Religious Parliament Idea.\" One of Open Court Publishing's best-selling series is its semi-annual \"Popular Culture & Philosophy\"", "Motto of the European Union of Europe and was about to launch the euro, its currency; it lacked a motto, hence, the contest proposal. Journalist La Prairie was in charge of \"Ouest-France\" 's Press-School mission and found two sponsors, World War II French museum and France Telecom, then a state-owned company. 40 newspaper partners were found in France as well as in the remaining countries of EU-15; with at least a newspaper per country, \"e.g.\" \"La Repubblica\" in Italy, \"Le Soir\" in Belgium, \"Irish Times\" in Ireland, \"Berliner Zeitung\" in Germany and \"The Guardian\" in UK. The project was officially launched on 31 March 1999", "Neuroscience of sleep in evolution only after therians. But this has later been contested by studies that claim that sleep in echidna combines both modes into a single sleeping state. Other studies have shown a peculiar form of sleep in odontocetes (like dolphins and porpoises). This is called the unihemispherical slow wave sleep (USWS). At any time during this sleep mode, the EEG of one brain hemisphere indicates sleep while that of the other is equivalent to wakefulness. In some cases, the corresponding eye is open. This might allow the animal to reduce predator risk and sleep while swimming in water, though the", "Sinners Never Sleep prior to the release of \"Hold Me Down\". As the members were comforting Flint, Franceschi suggested writing a song about it. The band had forgotten about the track until they rediscovered it late in the recording process. They were originally going to name the album after it until their label and management claimed it meant orgasm in French. Franceschi wanted \"Crash\" to be the \"Fireworks\" of \"Sinners Never Sleep\", referring to the closing track of \"Hold Me Down\". \"Reckless\" was originally titled \"Don't Hold Your Breathe\", but was altered when the group realised Nicole Scherzinger had a track with that", "Home and Away: An Eye for an Eye various filters and angles which gave it a different look to regular \"Home and Away\" episodes. \"Home and Away: An Eye for an Eye\" had its premiere on Presto on 9 December 2015 at 8:30 pm. It was preceded by thirty episodes of \"Home and Away\", featuring the most popular births, deaths and marriages as voted for by viewers. \"An Eye for an Eye\" aired on the TV2 channel in New Zealand. It was broadcast in the United Kingdom on digital station 5Star and Channel 5 on 17 and 21 March respectively. The spin-off was broadcast as three 30-minute episodes", "Things Which Have Never Yet Been Done was shot with a handheld camera by the episode's director, TJ Scott, with Maslany and Outerbridge improvising the dialogue and use of props. The subsequent shot of the barn on fire was created by the visual effects company Intelligent Creatures. The title of the final two episodes, \"Things Which Have Never Yet Been Done\" and \"By Means Which Have Never Yet Been Tried\", are taken from a Francis Bacon quotation in his philosophical work \"Novum Organum\": \"It would be an unsound fancy and self-contradictory to expect that things which have never yet been done can be done except by means", "Superman logo of truth and justice. In almost all versions, Superman's red cape has an all-yellow version of the logo, with a thin black (in the comics) or red (in movies, matching the red color of the cape) line separating the areas. A notable exception is in \"\", where the logo was absent from Superman's cape. This was due to the difficulty in animating the S on the flowing cape. In the 2006 film \"Superman Returns\", the logo appeared on the belt buckle in reverse colors (yellow diamond and S with red background pieces) instead of on Superman's cape. The logo is" ]

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[ "Legal Aid, despite their best efforts are helping the poor, have only reached about 20% of them." ]

[ "People who earn moderate income receive no help from Legal Aid.", "No one contributes to retirement pensions for federal employees, they don't have one.", "They were all fixed on Colin Powell's volunteer conference.", "You can find stained-glass windows in the interior.", "Two women are both wearing skirts.", "A woman is staring at a hamburger", "People are rowing a boat in a lake." ]

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[ "Two men are playing a game." ]

[ "The two men are having lunch.", "The distinctions have gotten bolder.", "A man is outdoors.", "its snowing out", "Surprise expenses aren't something that ever come up.", "He was a very happy and outgoing person.", "A man is playing a flute." ]

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[ "High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog can be a similar temperature to the surrounding land or sea surface and does not show up. However, using the difference in brightness of the IR4 channel (10.3–11.5 µm) and the near-infrared channel (1.58–1.64 µm), low cloud can be distinguished, producing a fog satellite picture. The main advantage of infrared is that images can be produced at night, allowing a continuous sequence of weather to be studied." ]

[ "Earthworms make a significant contribution to soil fertility. The rear end of the Palolo worm, a marine polychaete that tunnels through coral, detaches in order to spawn at the surface, and the people of Samoa regard these spawning modules as a delicacy. Anglers sometimes find that worms are more effective bait than artificial flies, and worms can be kept for several days in a tin lined with damp moss. Ragworms are commercially important as bait and as food sources for aquaculture, and there have been proposals to farm them in order to reduce over-fishing of their natural populations. Some marine polychaetes' predation on molluscs causes serious losses to fishery and aquaculture operations.", "Executive Directors and Under-Secretaries General of the UN\n2011–present Dr Babatunde Osotimehin (Nigeria)\n2000–2010 Ms Thoraya Ahmed Obaid (Saudi Arabia)\n1987–2000 Dr Nafis Sadik (Pakistan)\n1969–87 Mr Rafael M. Salas (Philippines)", "The 1971 Local Government White Paper proposed abolishing county boroughs, which would have left Plymouth, a town of 250,000 people, being administered from a council based at the smaller Exeter, on the other side of the county. This led to Plymouth lobbying for the creation of a Tamarside county, to include Plymouth, Torpoint, Saltash, and the rural hinterland. The campaign was not successful, and Plymouth ceased to be a county borough on 1 April 1974 with responsibility for education, social services, highways and libraries transferred to Devon County Council. All powers returned when the city become a unitary authority on 1 April 1998 under recommendations of the Banham Commission.", "Red clothing was a sign of status and wealth. It was worn not only by cardinals and princes, but also by merchants, artisans and townpeople, particularly on holidays or special occasions. Red dye for the clothing of ordinary people was made from the roots of the rubia tinctorum, the madder plant. This color leaned toward brick-red, and faded easily in the sun or during washing. The wealthy and aristocrats wore scarlet clothing dyed with kermes, or carmine, made from the carminic acid in tiny female scale insects, which lived on the leaves of oak trees in Eastern Europe and around the Mediterranean. The insects were gathered, dried, crushed, and boiled with different ingredients in a long and complicated process, which produced a brilliant scarlet.", "In England, Presbyterianism was established in secret in 1592. Thomas Cartwright is thought to be the first Presbyterian in England. Cartwright's controversial lectures at Cambridge University condemning the episcopal hierarchy of the Elizabethan Church led to his deprivation of his post by Archbishop John Whitgift and his emigration abroad. Between 1645 and 1648, a series of ordinances of the Long Parliament established Presbyterianism as the polity of the Church of England. Presbyterian government was established in London and Lancashire and in a few other places in England, although Presbyterian hostility to the execution of Charles I and the establishment of the republican Commonwealth of England meant that Parliament never enforced the Presbyterian system in England. The re-establishment of the monarchy in 1660 brought the return of Episcopal church government in England (and in Scotland for a short time); but the Presbyterian church in England continued in Non-Conformity, outside of the established church. In 1719 a major split, the Salter's Hall controversy, occurred; with the majority siding with nontrinitarian views. Thomas Bradbury published several sermons bearing on the controversy, and in 1719, \"An answer to the reproaches cast on the dissenting ministers who subscribed their belief of the Eternal Trinity.\". By the 18th century many English Presbyterian congregations had become Unitarian in doctrine.", "Hastings was entrusted with the power of peace and war. British judges and magistrates would also be sent to India to administer the legal system. The Governor General and the council would have complete legislative powers. The company was allowed to maintain its virtual monopoly over trade in exchange for the biennial sum and was obligated to export a minimum quantity of goods yearly to Britain. The costs of administration were to be met by the company. The Company initially welcomed these provisions, but the annual burden of the payment contributed to the steady decline of its finances.", "The standing wave forms with this desired pattern at the design frequency, f0, and antennas are normally designed to be this size. However, feeding that element with 3f0 (whose wavelength is 1⁄3 that of f0) will also lead to a standing wave pattern. Thus, an antenna element is also resonant when its length is 3⁄4 of a wavelength. This is true for all odd multiples of 1⁄4 wavelength. This allows some flexibility of design in terms of antenna lengths and feed points. Antennas used in such a fashion are known to be harmonically operated." ]

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[ "Снейк\nСнейк (English: Snake River) — река на северо-западе США, крупнейший приток реки Колумбия. Её длина составляет около 1735[1] км. Площадь бассейна — 278 450[2] км². Берёт начало на западе штата Вайоминг, на территории национального парка Йеллоустон, и протекает через плато Снейк-Ривер, каньон Хеллс и холмистую местность Палус. Впадает в реку Колумбия на востоке штата Вашингтон. Бассейн реки Снейк охватывает части территории шести штатов США и представляет собой главным образом горы, разделённые равнинами. Средний расход воды реки составляет около 1550[3] м³/с." ]

[ "Нерке\nНерке расположен в центральной части Среднешведской низменности, и 57 % области находится ниже 100 м над уровнем моря. На северо-западе Нерке протянулась горная гряда Чильберген. Центральную и восточную часть, от озера Соттерн на юге до озера Веринген на севере, занимает Неркская равнина. Крупнейшими водными артериями являются реки Арбугаон, Свартон и Тельеон.", "Сюзик (река)\nПо данным государственного водного реестра России относится к Балтийскому бассейновому округу, водохозяйственный участок реки — Водла, речной подбассейн реки — Свирь (включая реки бассейна Онежского озера). Относится к речному бассейну реки Нева (включая бассейны рек Онежского и Ладожского озера).", "Сутяга (река)\nУстье реки находится в 235 км по левому берегу реки Нерль. Исток реки находится западнее деревни Тараскино в Переславском районе. Река проходит через озеро Вашутинское. После озера в нижнем течении река называется Каменка. Длина реки составляет 17 км. ", "Овайхи (река)\nБерёт начало на севере округа Элко, штат Невада, примерно в 80 км к северу от города Элко. Высота устья — 666 м. Течёт в северном направлении вдоль восточной стороны хребта Булл-Ран, протекает через водохранилище Вайлд-Хорс и далее течёт вдоль северной оконечности хребта. Протекает сперва через национальный лес Гумбольд, город Овайхи и инднейскую резервацию Дак-Валли. Пересекает границу со штатом Айдахо и протекает около 80 км через юго-западный угол этого штата, по территории округа Овайхи. Здесь, примерно в 16 км к востоку от границы с Орегоном река принимает крупный приток Саут-Форк. Далее течёт в северо-западном направлении через округ Малер штата Орегон, принимает приток Уэст-Литл-Овайхи, а затем поворачивает на северо-восток. Впадает в реку Снейк на границе Орегона и Айдахо, примерно в 8 км к югу от города Нисса и в 3 км к югу от устья реки Бойсе.", "Нартинка\nИсток реки в лесном массиве близ границы с Соликамским районом в 20 км к северу от посёлка Яйва. Река течёт на юго-восток среди холмов предгорий Северного Урала, покрытых тайгой. Приток — Южная Нартинка (правый). Впадает в Яйву в урочище Нартино чуть ниже устья реки Ик.", "Колорадо (река)\nНа небольшом участке в районе хребта Уинд-Ривер, в западном Вайоминге, бассейн Колорадо граничит с водосбором реки Снейк, притока Колумбии. Далее, к юго-западу от этого участка, бассейн Колорадо ограничивает обширную бессточную область, известную как Большой Бассейн, гранича с водосборами Большого Солёного озера и реки Севир в центральной Юте, а также с несколькими другими водосборами в южной Юте и Неваде. На западе, в Калифорнии, бассейн Колорадо граничит с множеством небольших водосборов, наиболее значительный из которых — бассейн Солтон-Си. На юге бассейн граничит с водосборами рек Сонойта, Консепсьон и Юки; все они впадают в Калифорнийский залив.", "Уншик\nУншик — река в России, протекает по Свердловской области. Устье реки находится в 21 км по левому берегу реки Малая Евва. Длина реки составляет 25 км.", "Залив Дрейка\nЗалив Дрейка () — это широкий залив на побережье северной Калифорнии, в 48 километрах к северо-западу от Сан-Франциско. Достигает 13 км в ширину. Залив назван в честь Фрэнсиса Дрейка и считается местом его высадки на западном побережье Северной Америки во время его кругосветного плавания в 1579 году. Другое имя залива — Пуэрто-де-лос-Рейес.", "Гранд-Ронд\nГранд-Ронд () — река на северо-востоке штата Орегон и юго-востоке штата Вашингтон, США. Левый приток реки Снейк. Длина составляет 293 км; площадь бассейна — около 10 697 км².", "Национальный памятник и заказник Аниакчак\nНациональный памятник и заказник Аниакчак находится в 720 километрах юго-западнее Анкориджа в боро Лейк-энд-Пенинсула на Аляскинском полуострове. Центр заказника — кальдера Аниакчак диаметром 9,7 километра. Озеро Сюрпрайз внутри кальдеры является истоком реки Аниакчак, его площадь составляет 2,75 км². Самая высокая точка кальдеры пик Аниакчак (1341 метр). Внутри неё также находится вулкан Вент — вулкан внутри вулкана, который последний раз извергался в 1931 году. Глубина кальдеры — 1 км. В регионе сохраняется вулканическая активность, которая проявляется в повышенной температуре земли и рек (до 80°С).\nНациональный памятник и заказник Аниакчак состоит из четырёх физиографических зон. Вулканическая зона — кальдера Аниакчак. Зона нагорья состоит из других пиков Алеутского хребта заказника (только несколько вершин превышают высоту в 900 метров). Зона речной долины включает реки Аниакчак, Мешик и Синдер. Прибрежная зона включает часть побережья Бристолького залива — место обитания водоплавающих и перелётных птиц, и Тихого океана — ареал морских млекопитающих и морских птиц. Площадь памятника 555,1 км², заказника — 1885,8 км² .", "Россонь\nСледует отметить, что река Нарва сохраняла своё устье в районе Вяйкне до XIII века н. э.(материалы экспедиции на оз. Тихое, апрель 2010). После этого происходит его переброс (именно переброс, а не смещение) на 6 км к юго-западу, туда, где оно находится в настоящее время (Усть-Нарва). Это произошло не за счёт миграции русла, что доказывают параллельные гряды на Мерикюльской пересыпи в районе Магербурга (урочище), расположенные между озером Вяйкне и современным устьем Нарвы. Эти гряды морского происхождения и являются древними береговыми валами атлантического-субатлантического времени с насаженными на них дюнами. Они перпендикулярны руслу Нарвы и оси озера Вяйкне. Образование нового устья Нарвы может быть связано с одной из двух причин: во-первых, XIII век — это время интенсивного европейского культурного освоения этой территории (заложения города Нарвы и установления торговых связей. Очень может быть, что здесь было развёрнуто корабельное пристанище или порт, план которого потребовал строительства канала через Мерикюльскую пересыпь для спрямления русла Нарвы и смещения её устья ближе к западу, откуда шёл основной торговый путь. Это сокращало кораблям время в пути на несколько часов (приблизительно на 12-15 км). Река Нарва быстро разработала этот канал и вышла к морю в 6 км к юго-западу от своего прежнего устья; во-вторых, формированию нового устья могли поспособствовать неотектонические или суффозионные просадки Мерикюльской пересыпи, которые наблюдаются в настоящее время в 1,5 км к востоку от устья Нарвы.", "Бойсе (река)\nПосле прохождения водохранилища река течёт преимущественно в западном и северо-западном направлениях. Впадает в реку Снейк на границе штатов Айдахо и Орегон, к западу от города Парма и в 5 км к югу от города Нисса.", "Сноведь\nСноведь начинается в ненаселённом заболоченном лесу в 35 км к югу от города Выкса неподалёку от границы с Рязанской областью. Течёт по лесному массиву на северо-запад. В среднем течении на реке деревни Семилово и Сноведь. Крупнейший приток — Неверовка (пр). Впадает в обширную старицу Оки Чёрный Яр у деревни Бакин на границе с Владимирской областью.", "Снейк\nРека Снейк проходит в 48 км к югу от столицы Айдахо, города Бойсе, и вскоре после этого поворачивает на север, чуть выше того места, где она принимает такие притоки, как Овайхи и Бойсе. Начиная с этого же места, на протяжении 320 км река формирует границу между штатами Айдахо и Орегон. Граница проходит по ущелью Хеллс, которое прорезает горные хребты Салмон-Ривер-Маунтинг и Блу-Маунтинс. Примерно на середине своего пути через каньон Хеллс Снейк принимает свой крупнейший приток — реку Салмон, впадающую справа. Вскоре после впадения Салмона, Снейк составляет небольшой участок границы Айдахо и Вашингтона. Здесь река принимает правый приток Клируотер, в устье которого расположен город Льюистон. После выхода из каньона, река протекает через холмы Палус в восточном Вашингтоне. Снейк впадает в реку Колумбия в районе водохранилища Уаллула, образованного плотиной Мак-Нери, в 523 км от устья Колумбии[4][7].", "Юкон (река)\nВ конце XVIII века известный канадский исследователь и торговец мехом Маккензи, будучи в устье реки Маккензи, услышал от индейцев о том, что западнее течёт такая же крупная река, на которой стоит торговый пост. Река впадает в «White Man’s Lake». Маккензи полагал, что это Уналашка. В 1792 году Маккензи предпринял попытку добраться до неизвестной реки и Тихого океана. Он начал поход 10 октября 1792 года из Атабаски. Пройдя 550 миль он остановился на реке Смоки на зимовку. Весной следующего года он продолжил поход, достигнув океана 22 июля и пройдя 1200 миль. Он не обнаружил реки, так как находился намного южнее неё.\nВ начале XIX века не предпринимались попытки исследования среднего течения реки Юкон ни с британской стороны на востоке, ни с российской на западе. Только в 1830 году российский бриг под руководством Этолина исследовал Нортон-Саунд. На следующий год правитель Русской Америки барон Врангель приказал лейтенанту Тебенкову основать населённый пункт на острове Сент-Майкл. После этого в течение ряда лет проводились исследования устья реки, её дельты и притоков. В 1838 году работник Российско-Американской компании по фамилии Малаков на лодках добрался до Нулато, расположенного в 575 милях от устья.", "Снейк\nКатегория:Притоки Колумбии Категория:Йеллоустон Категория:Реки Айдахо Категория:Реки Вашингтона Категория:Реки Орегона Категория:Реки Вайоминга", "Снейк\nсправа|230px|мини|Верховья реки Снейк по-прежнему занимают густые леса, что особенно характерно для различных природоохранных территорий Бассейн реки Снейк отличался в прошлом и продолжает отличаться довольно большим разнообразием растительных сообществ[5], чему способствует разнообразие климатических зон, от полупустынь до альпийского пояса. Большая часть бассейна, особенно плато Снейк-Ривер и Колумбийское плато, была ранее покрыта кустарниковой и травянистой степной растительностью. Вдоль течения реки Снейк и её притоков были распространены речные сообщества и сообщества болот. На больших высотах распространены хвойные леса, где преобладает жёлтая сосна. В лесах верхней части бассейна распространены также осина, псевдотсуга и ель, которые составляли когда-то около 20 % от общей площади бассейна. В предгорьях основой растительности была полынь. Из-за обезлесения около одной четвёртой прежней площади лесов также оказалось занято травянистой растительностью. В то же время, сосна скрученная широкохвойная увеличила территорию своего распространения по сравнению с исторической. В бассейне реки Снейк произрастает более 118 редких или эндемичных видов растений[5].", "Снейк\nК 1870-м годам Орегонская пароходная компания владела уже семью пароходами на реке Снейк, которые осуществляли преимущественно перевозку зерна в порты в низовьях Колумбии. Это такие пароходы, как «Harvest Queen», «John Gates», «Spokane», «Annie Faxon», «Mountain Queen», «R.R. Thompson», и «Wide West», все они были построены на реке Колумбия[67]. В 1890-х годах в районе каньона Хеллс были найдены месторождения медной руды. Несколько пароходов были построены специально для перевозки руды оттуда до Льюистона. Этими пароходами были «Imnaha», «Mountain Gem», и «Norma»[68]. В 1893 году пароход «Annie Faxon» затонул на реке Снейк, немногим ниже Льюистона, из-за взрыва котла[63][69].", "Резня на реке Бэр\n9 сентября 1860 года группа переселенцев, которую возглавлял Элайджа Оттер, подверглась нападению в районе реки Снейк. Банноки и северные шошоны убили нескольких белых сразу во время атаки. Уцелевшим переселенцам удалось скрыться в ближайшем лесу, но индейцы нашли некоторых из них и убили. Четверо детей из группы были захвачены в плен индейцами и двое из них потерялись в горах.", "Снек\nСнек ( , ) — город в Нидерландах, в провинции Фрисландия, административный центр общины Юго-Западная Фрисландия. До 2011 года был административным центром общины Снек.", "Снейк\nИмеются планы по ликвидации плотин в низовьях реки Снейк; если подобные работы будут осуществлены, то это будет крупнейший проект по ликвидации дамб в США[52]. Удаление плотин обусловлено необходимостью восстановления популяций лосося на реке Снейк и некоторых её притоках, однако это приведёт к значительным потерям электроэнергии[53].", "Потомак\nРека образуется при слиянии Южного Потомака и Северного Потомака у г. Камберленда в штате Мэриленд. Северный рукав берёт начало у так называемого Камня Фэрфакса в Западной Виргинии и течёт на северо-восток. Южный рукав берёт начало у деревни Хайтаун в Виргинии и также течёт на северо-восток. После их слияния Потомак поворачивает на юго-восток и течёт до впадения в Чесапикский залив Атлантического океана. По реке проходит граница штатов Вирджиния и Мэриленд. Потомак судоходен от Великих водопадов (22 км вверх по течению от Вашингтона) до устья.", "Стикин (река)\nРека Стикин берёт начало на плато Спацизи (юго-восточной части плато Стикин), большом всхолмлённом плато между горами Стикин (часть хребта Кассар) на востоке и хребтом Бундари на западе, что в северной части Британской Колумбии. Оттуда река по широкой дуге, обращенной к северу, течет, поворачивая на запад и юго-запад, минуя золотые прииски и деревню индейцев талтан у устья Телеграф. Выше по течению от устья Телеграф находится эффектный 75-ти километровый Большой Каньон реки Стикин (глубиной до 300 м), верхняя часть которого заканчивается в районе пересечения рекой 130-й широты. Перед устьем Телеграф, которое было конечным пунктом судоходного участка реки в годы Стикинской и Кассарской золотых лихорадок, река прорезается через нагорье Талтан, где сливается с реками Туя и Талтан. Значительно ниже по течению неподалеку от американо-канадской границы Стикин сливается с рекой Искут (и некоторыми другими, в том числе Поркупин и Чутин). Далее река протекает по территории провинциальных парков «» и «» и минует старый таможенный пост в городе Стикин (Британская Колумбия), ниже которого река врезается глубоким ущельем в хребет Бундари, формируя вдоль границы Большой Каньон реки Стикин. Наконец, самое нижнее течение реки лежит на территории Аляски (64 км), где река формирует дельту напротив острова Митков, в 40 км севернее города Врангель; здесь же Стикин сливается с каналом и . Геологическая служба США описывает эстуарий реки, как часть Восточного Прохода — фьорда к востоку от острова Врангеля.", "Снейк\nВ месте слияния рек Клируотер и Снейк молодь лосося зачастую задерживается из-за значительной разницы температур воды. Задержка воды в водохранилищах, расположенных выше по течению, служит причиной тому, что в месте впадения реки Клируотер температура Снейк значительно выше. Сразу ниже впадения в Снейк молодь попадает в водохранилище Лауэр-Гранит, сформированное одноимённой плотиной. Как ни парадоксально, но данные факторы позволяют молоди более длительное время расти и питаться в водохранилище Лауэр-Гранит, и когда они продолжают мигрировать дальше на пути к Тихому океану, то зачастую имеют большие шансы выжить, чем молодь, мигрировавшая в океан раньше[78].", "История Айдахо\nК 1828 году американские и британские трапперы значительно истощили пушные ресурсы бассейна реки Снейк. Этот фактор в совокупности с враждебностью племён Шошонов и Черноногих привели к тому, что к 1830 году Компания Гудзонова залива и другие пушные компании практически свернули присутствие в бассейне реки Снейк. Тем не менее, в 1830 году «Американская пушная компания» выслала экспедицию во главе с Джоном Уорком (), целью которой стало исследование районов Вейзер, Бойсе и Пейетт. Группа Уорка прошла вверх по реке Лост-Ривер до реки Салмон, дальше до реки Блэкфут и, наконец, до реки Портнуф, где устроила зимовку. Таким образом, экспедиция обследовала горные районы в центральном Айдахо, но много пушнины группе собрать не удалось.", "Снейк (значения)\nСнейк:", "Бернт-Ривер (приток Снейка)\nТечёт главным образом в восточном направлении. Протекает через населённые пункты Херфорд, Бриджпорт, Дерки, Уэтерби, Дикси и Лайм. Впадает в реку Снейк вблизи города Хантингтон, примерно в 526 км от впадения реки Снейк в Колумбию.", "Снов\nРека берёт начало возле деревни Сновское (Новозыбковский район Брянской области), в 7 км юго-восточнее города Новозыбков. Течёт по Брянской области, на протяжении около 20 км река проходит по государственной границе Украины и России, далее — Черниговской области. В Черниговской области на реке располагается город Сновск, посёлок Седнев. Снов впадает в Десну южнее села Брусилов (Черниговский район), в 20 км выше Чернигова.", "Северная (приток Хвойки)\nИсток реки находится на Северных Увалах в лесном массиве в 12 км к юго-востоку от посёлка Верхняя Волманга (центр Верхневолмангского сельского поселения). Река течёт на юго-восток по ненаселённой местности, протекает нежилую деревню Большая Северновская. До устья Малой Северной также называется Большая Северная. Притоки — Малая Северная (правый); Талая (левый). Впадает в Хвойку у деревни Катюшенки.", "Райнек\nРайнек находится на краю Рейнской долины между Санкт-Маргретеном и Роршахом, где Старый Рейн впадает в Боденское озеро. Старый Рейн формирует границу между Швейцарией и Австрией.", "Литл-Снейк\nЛитл-Снейк () — река на северо-западе штата Колорадо и юго-западе штата Вайоминг, США. Приток реки Ямпа, которая в свою очередь является притоком реки Грин-Ривер. Длина составляет около 241 км.", "Койка (приток Нерли)\nКойка — река в России, протекает в Ивановской области. Устье реки находится в 112 км по левому берегу реки Нерль, на границе с Гаврилово-Посадским районом. Исток — из болота Сахтышское Тейковского района Ивановской области. Длина реки составляет 22 км, площадь водосборного бассейна — 248 км². Не судоходна.", "Геология Айдахо\nС запада, огибая по югу центр штата, до Йеллоустонского национального парка протягивается долина реки Снейк. Она образовалась в результате движения Йеллоустонской горячей точки в северо-восточном направлении в течение 17 миллионов лет. Породы долины представлены изломанными базальтовыми лавовыми потоками, риолитом и неконсолидированными отложениями. Прослои между базальтовыми пластами заполнены песком, илистыми отложениями и глиной с небольшим присутствием вулканического туфа. На протяжении долины гидрологические и геологические условия сильно меняются, в связи с чем её водоносный горизонт принято разделять на восточный и западный. Восточный состоит большей частью из более молодых пород эпохи плиоцена с небольшим присутствием вышележащих пластов и впластовынных неконсолидированных отложений. Западный же горизонт, наоборот, в основном состоит из неконсолидированных отложений с небольшим лишь присутствием плиоценовых базальтовых пород.", "Ньиве-Ватервег\nНьиве-Ватервег (, : «Новый водный путь») — судоходный канал в Нидерландах в дельте Рейна и Мааса. Начинается в устье реки Схёр у города Маасслёйс, и идёт на запад, выходя в Северное море у города Хук-ван-Холланд. Является искусственным устьем реки Рейн.", "Эске\nЭске (, ) — река в Ирландии, начинающаяся в Лох-Эске на юго-востоке графства Донегол, протекающая западнее города Донегол и впадающая в залив Донегол. Длина всей реки — 5 километров, и Донегол — единственное крупное поселение, через которое она протекает. Несмотря на размеры, река является известным рыболовным местом. Через реку перекинуто 6 мостов (\"Lough Eske Bridge\", \"Thrushbank Bridge\", безымянный бетонный мост, \"Iron Bridge\", и другие).", "Снежеть (река)\nНа реке расположены Карачев, Белые Берега, Большое Полпино, а также старинный монастырь «Белобережская пустынь». В Белых Берегах на реке устроено водохранилище площадью 1270 га и расположена Брянская ГРЭС. Также на реке устроены плотины в районе деревни Красная, а также на границе города Карачева и деревни Бережок. Река впадает в приток Днепра Десну в черте города Брянска, где является местом пляжного и активного отдыха горожан.", "География США\nРека Колумбия (длина 2250 км) с её притоком Снейк (1674 км) образует крупнейший бассейн на северо-западе США. Колумбия имеет годовой сток 60 км³ и обладает крупнейшим гидроэнергетическим потенциалом. У границы с Канадой на реке расположено водохранилище Франклин-Рузвельт. Южный приток Колумбии река Вилламетт протекает по долине, которую называют северным аналогом Калифорнийской. Через саму Калифорнийскую долину протекают реки Сан-Хоакин и Сакраменто, которые вместе впадают в залив Сан-Франциско.", "Снейк\nПервая плотина, Сван-Фолс, была построена на реке Снейк в 1901 году. Сегодня на реке построено в общей сложности 15 плотин, которые играют важную роль в жизни населения региона. Все эти плотины можно разделить на 3 участка. Первый участок тянется от истока до ущелья Хеллс; здесь имеется несколько небольших плотин, построенных главным образом для нужд орошения. В районе ущелья Хеллс плотины обеспечивают производство электроэнергии. Плотины третьего участка (от ущелья Хеллс до устья) построены преимущественно для поддержания навигации. Над строительством плотин на реке работали многие государственные и частные компании.", "Аниакчак (река)\nБерёт начало из озера Сюрпрайз, расположенного в кальдере стратовулкана Аниакчак. Течёт в юго-восточном направлении и впадает в залив Аниакчак Тихого океана примерно в 19 км к западу от мыса Кунмик. Длина реки составляет 43 км.", "Снейк\nСельскохозяйственные стоки с ферм и ранчо, расположенных на огромной территории бассейна реки, оказывают сильное влияние на экологию реки на протяжении всего XX века. Уже после строительства на реке первых плотин, используемых для орошения, полоска земли шириной в несколько миль, протянувшаяся вдоль реки, была превращена в поля или пастбища и сельскохозяйственные стоки начали загрязнять реку Снейк. Стоки с нескольких загонов для скота также поступали в воды реки Снейк вплоть до издания закона, запретившего это[79]. Удобрения, навоз и другие химические загрязнители резко повышают биогенную нагрузку; особенно повышается количество фосфора, азота и фекальных энтеробактерий. Во время низкого уровня воды на спокойных участках реки довольно обычно цветение воды, которое является причиной снижения уровня кислорода[80].", "Горный Тикич\nИсток Горного Тикича образуется из трёх рукавов [все три имеют незамысловатое (и запутывающее) наименование — Гнилой Тикич], основной из которых (правый) берёт начало в с. Фронтовка (279 м н.у.м., к югу от этой отметки); исток второго, среднего, расположен поблизости от сел Юшковцы — Сабаровка (к С-В от отметки 279 м; Оратовский район; ≈ 49°10′00″ с. ш. 29°45′00″ в. д.); третьего — в с. Стадница (Тетиевский р-н Киевской обл.; фактически — у границы трёх областей). Таким образом, исток реки, образующийся слиянием трёх речушек, находится в селе Шуляки Жашковского района (193,6 м н.у.м.; к северу от п. Цибулев). Долина реки имеет V-образную форму, её ширина составляет около 2,3 км, а глубина — около 60 м. Русло реки извилистое, с возвышенными, каменистыми берегами. На Горном Тикиче имеются водопады и пороги. Вблизи села Буки Горный Тикич несколько километров течёт по скалистому Букскому каньону. Перед каньоном на реке расположен небольшой водопад Выр . Сливаясь с рекой Гнилой Тикич, Горный Тикич образует реку Тикич, которая впадает в реку Синюха (приток Южного Буга, бассейн Чёрного моря).", "Льюистон (Айдахо)\nЛьюистон расположен на пересечении текущей на север реки Снейк и текущей на запад — Клируотер. Река Снейк образует естественную границу города со штатом Вашингтон и в частности с городом Кларкстон. Рельеф Льюистона неравномерен: колебания в высоте достигают более 200 метров — от 232 метров до 430 метров в южной части города. На северо-западе Льюистона, в месте перехода реки Снейк в штат Вашингтон расположена самая низкая точка штата Айдахо, высотой 232 метра. Площадь города составляет 44,5 км², из которых 1,8 км² (4,0 %) занято водной поверхностью. В Льюистоне одна из самых высоких средних температур по штату. Частично это обусловлено поступлением влажного морского воздуха по ущелью реки Колумбия. Через Льюистон проходят автомагистрали US 12, US 95 и SH-128. Город обеспечен аэропортом окружного значения, обслуживающим примерно 70 000 пассажиров в год (на 2007 год — 69 726 пассажиров). В Льюистоне располагается наиболее углублённый в северо-западную часть США порт: расстояние от порта до устья реки Колумбия, в которую впадает река Снейк, составляет 465 миль (примерно 748 километров).", "Салмон-Фолс-Крик\nСалмон-Фолс-Крик () — река на севере штата Невада и юге штата Айдахо, США. Левый приток реки Снейк. Длина составляет 195 км; площадь бассейна — около 5447 км². Средний расход воды — около 10 м³/с.", "Тускарь\nТу́скарь — река в Курской области, третий по величине приток Сейма. Относится к бассейну Днепра. Берёт своё начало у деревни Новоалександровки Щигровского района. Притоки справа — Снова, Неполка, Обметь и Кур, слева — Виногробль, протоки — Кривец и Ровец. В устье реки расположен город Курск.", "Сенека (народ)\nОбитают на берегах озера Сенека и реки Дженеси (\"Genesee\") в штате Нью-Йорк. Огонь племенного совета находился в селении Нундавао (ныне Неаполь в штате Нью-Йорк). В XVIII веке область их проживания распространялась от реки Ниагара до реки Аллегени в штате Пенсильвания. В настоящее время проживают в резервациях Товананда, Катарога, Аллегани и Ойл-Спрингс в штате Нью-Йорк. Кроме того, небольшое количество выходцев из племени сенека живёт вместе с племенем каюга в штате Оклахома, а также на Большой Реке в канадской провинции Онтарио.", "Сушенка\nРека Сушенка берёт начало у деревни Новосёлово. Течёт на юг, пересекает пути Рязанского направления МЖД и впадает в Нерскую севернее Воскресенска. Устье реки находится в 0,7 км по левому берегу реки Нерская. Длина реки составляет 22 км, площадь водосборного бассейна 175 км².", "Снейк\nСреди рек США Снейк занимает тринадцатое место по длине[10]. Бассейн реки, площадь которого составляет около 280 000 км², является десятым по величине среди всех рек Северной Америки и охватывает части территории шести штатов США: Вайоминга, Айдахо, Невады, Юты, Орегона и Вашингтона. Большая часть бассейна находится на территории Айдахо, между Скалистыми горами на востоке и Колумбийским плато на западе. Бассейн Снейка составляет около 41 % от площади всего бассейна реки Колумбия. Расход воды в устье реки составляет 31 % от расхода воды Колумбии в этом же месте[11]. Кроме того, до места слияния двух рек длина Снейка (1735 км) превосходит длину Колумбии (1493 м), а площадь бассейна Снейка примерно на 4 % превосходит площадь бассейна Колумбии выше впадения Снейка[12].", "Снейк\nЭкспедиция Льюиса и Кларка 1804-06 годов была первой американской экспедицией, которая пересекла Скалистые горы и спустилась вниз по рекам Снейк и Колумбия до Тихого океана[39]. Сам Льюис был, вероятно, первым человеком, увидевшим бассейн реки Снейк 12 августа 1805 года, за несколько дней до остальной части экспедиции, а также увидевшим долину реки Салмон с перевала Леми, в нескольких милях от современного города Салмон. Далее экспедиция направилась на север, спустившись по рекам Леми и Салмон и пытаясь спуститься по реке Снейк, однако сочла это невозможным из-за опасных порогов. Продвигаясь далее на север, Льюис и Кларк прошли через реки Клируотер и Лочса, после чего спустились в низовья реки Снейк и далее попали в реку Колумбия.", "Снейк\nВсемирный фонд дикой природы разделяет бассейн реки Снейк на 2 экорегиона: «Колумбия, не подвергшаяся оледенению» и «Верхний Снейк». Границей между этими экорегионами служат водопады Шошони, хотя фактически граница смещена почти на 50 км ниже водопадов для того, чтобы включить в верхний экорегион реку Биг-Вуд (одна из двух составляющих реки Малад), биологически сильно отличающуюся от остальной части нижнего экорегиона. Водопады Шошони достаточно долгий срок являлись барьером для миграций проходных рыб вверх по реке. Как результат, только 35 % ихтиофауны верхней части бассейна и 40 % ихтиофауны реки Биг-Вуд совпадают с ихтиофауной нижней части Снейк[72][73].", "Снек\nГород расположен на автостраде A7 Амстердам — Германия.", "Овайхи (река)\nОвайхи () — река на севере штата Невада, юго-западе штата Айдахо и юго-востоке штата Орегон, США. Левый приток реки Снейк, которая в свою очередь является притоком реки Колумбия. Длина составляет около 557 км; площадь бассейна — около 28 620 км². Средний расход воды составляет 28,2 м³/с.", "Айсикл-Крик\nБерёт начало из озера Джозефин, менее чем в миле от хребта Каскадных гор и от верховий реки Туннел-Крик, которая является притоком реки Скайкомиш, текущей на запад. Озеро Джозефин располагается на высоте 1427 м над уровнем моря. Река Айсикл течёт в южном направлении, протекая через глубокую и узкую долину. Через несколько миль река поворачивает на юго-запад, а после впадения притока Спаниш-Камп-Крик — вновь течёт на юг. Вскоре после этого принимает один из своих крупнейших притоков — реку Френч-Крик, а ещё ниже — реки Блак-Пайн-Крик, Богги-Крик, Джэк-Крик и Чаттер-Крик. В 8 милях от своего устья Айсикл принимает свой крупнейший приток — реку Эйтмайл-Крик, в бассейне которого располагается множество озёр. Ниже Эйтмайл принимает такие притоки как Рэт-Крик и Сноу-Крик, ниже которых покидает границы национального леса Уэнатчи. Впадает в реку Уэнатчи примерно в миле к югу от городка Ливенворт.", "Плато Снейк-Ривер\nПлато́ Сне́йк-Ри́вер () — геологический объект, расположенный в основном на территории штата Айдахо и частично на северо-западе штата Вайоминг (США) в бассейне реки Снейк. Тянется широкой 640-км дугой от Вайоминга до границы штатов Айдахо и Орегон, занимая примерно четверть территории Айдахо. Здесь расположены многие крупные города штата. Плато также является важным сельскохозяйственным регионом.", "Снейк\nКанадский первопроходец Дэвид Томпсон, спускавшийся от верховьев к устью в 1800 году, записал индейское название реки как Shawpatin. Участники экспедиции Льюиса и Кларка 1805 года дали реке название «Льюис» или «Льюис-Форк» в честь Мериуэзера Льюиса, который был первым из экспедиции, кто увидел реку[31]. Они также отметили, что местные индейские племена (шошоны) называют реку Ki-moo-e-nim или Yam-pah-pa по названию травы, которая повсеместно растёт вдоль её берегов[32]. Более поздние исследователи бассейна реки, многие из которых ранее участвовали в экспедиции Льюиса и Кларка, используют ещё несколько названий. Участник Асторской экспедиции, первопроходец Уилсон Прайс Хант, называет реку «Сумасшедшей» (Mad River). Другие названия, относящиеся к реке, включают «Шошони» (по названию племени) и «Сэптин»[17]. В конце концов, однако, за рекой закрепилось английское название «Снейк».", "Снейк\nНа территории бассейна находятся следующие горные хребты: Титон, Биттеррут, Клируотер, Севен-Дивлс, а также северо-западная оконечность хребта Уинд-Ривер. Самая высокая точка бассейна Снейка — гора , высота которой составляет 4199 м над уровнем моря. Самая низкая точка, 109 м над уровнем моря, находится в месте впадения реки Снейк в Колумбию[17].", "Коюк (река)\nКоюк — одна из крупнейших рек полуострова Сьюард. Берёт начало из небольшого безымянного озера, ограниченного на севере горным хребтом Бенделебен, в центральной части полуострова, на территории национального заповедника Беринг-Лэнд-Бридж. Течёт главным образом в юго-восточном направлении; впадает в залив Нортон. В устье реки расположен город Коюк. Крупнейшие притоки — реки Пис и Салмон, другие притоки — Дайм и Свипстейкс.", "Иснерк\nИснерк — река в России, протекает в Чеченской Республике. Устье реки находится в 36 км по левому берегу реки Белка. Длина реки составляет 13 км. ", "Палус (река)\nПалус () — река на юго-востоке штата Вашингтон и северо-западе штата Айдахо, США. Правый приток реки Снейк, который является в свою очередь притоком реки Колумбия. Длина составляет около 269 км; площадь бассейна — 8555 км². Средний расход воды в районе города Хупер составляет около 17 м³/с; максимальный зарегистрированный расход составил 787 м³/с; минимальный — 0 м³/с.", "Верхняя Тёлза\nБерёт начало из озера Большое Тесское в Савинском городском поселении. В верхнем течении протекает через озеро Малое Тесское. В нижнем течении на левом берегу реки находится деревня Нёрмуша. Устье реки находится по правому берегу реки Онега в 142 км от её устья, южнее чекуевской деревни Затезье. Главными притоками Верхней Тёлзы являются: Воя, Берёзовый, Чапов. Близ устья, на 72 км автодороги «Савинский — Ярнема — Онега», реку пересекает автомобильный мост. В 400 метрах севернее устья Верхней Тёлзы в Онегу впадает река Нижняя Тёлза. Верхней Тёлзой на абсолютных отметках 55—87 м вскрыты осадки верхнего отдела сублиторали, сложенные песками жёлтого и серого цвета, от мелко- до крупнозернистых разностей с раковинами моллюсков и прослойками галечника. В нижнем течении Верхней Тёлзы пески замещаются песчанистыми глинами и глинистыми песками коричневато-серого и серого цвета с прослойками торфа.", "Снейк\nВ 2009 году Конгресс США принял законопроект, в котором предлагалось изучить возможность и последствия демонтажа этих четырёх плотин[57][58]. Администрация президента Барака Обамы в сентябре 2009 года рекомендовала изучить последствия изменения климата и предложить другие шаги по расширению мест обитания видов, считая ликвидацию плотин «последней мерой»[59]. В феврале 2010 года судья Джеймс Редден признал этот план недостаточным и дал Национальному управлению океанических и атмосферных исследований три месяца на подготовку новых предложений[60]. Новый план был представлен в мае 2010 года с несколькими существенными изменениями[61].", "Снейк\nПоследующие экспедиции начали исследовать реку Снейк и основные её притоки уже в 1806 году, сразу после возвращения Льюиса и Кларка. Первым из таких исследователей был , который в 1806 году исследовал низовья реки Салмон. Джон Колтер был первым из европейцев, кто увидел верховья реки Снейк[40]. В 1810 году Эндрю Генри с группой трапперов открыли приток Хенрис-Форк, который был назван в его честь. В 1811 году Дональд Маккензи прошёл по нижней части реки Снейк; более поздние исследователи бассейна реки: Ульсон Прайс Хант, Рамзей Крукс, Франсиско Пайель, Джон Грей, Тьери Годдин и многие другие после 1830-х годов. Многие из этих людей были участниками экспедиции Льюиса и Кларка, которые вернулись сюда, чтобы нанести на карту и более детально исследовать определённый район. За исследователями пришли трапперы в поисках мест, богатых бобрами. Но американских трапперов опередила британская Компания Гудзонова залива, которая начала направлять сюда канадских трапперов с 1819 года. Им было дано задание добыть как можно больше бобров, что привело едва ли не к полному искоренению этого вида в бассейне реки Снейк. Аргумент был прост: «если не будет бобров, у американцев не будет повода приходить сюда»[41]. Конечной целью Компании Гудзонова залива было получение прав на всю территорию Орегон, которая охватывала территории нынешних американских штатов Вашингтон, Орегон и Айдахо, а также части Монтаны и Вайоминга[42]. Тем не менее, данная территория была присоединена к США.", "Снейк\nсправа|210px|мини|Река Салмон Список основных притоков реки Снейк от истока к устью:", "Гранд-Титон (национальный парк)\nНачинаясь в районе плато Ту-Оушинс, на территории национального парка Йеллоустон, река Снейк пересекает территорию парка Гранд-Титон с севера на юг, протекая через озеро Джексон. Ниже озера на реке имеется плотина, после которой Снейк продолжает течь на юг, через долину Джексон-Хоул, выходя с территории парка к западу от аэропорта Джексон-Хоул. Через все другие крупные озёра парка также протекает либо непосредственно река Снейк, либо её притоки. Крупнейшими притоками Снейк здесь являются реки Пасифик-Крик и Буффало-Крик близ городка Моран, а также река Грос-Вентр — на южной границе парка. Спускаясь по долине Джексон-Хоул, река Снейк имеет градиент 19 футов на милю (5,8 м на 1,6 км), тогда как другие реки и ручьи, спускающиеся в долину с гор, имеют более значительные градиенты. В местах, где градиент менее всего, река Снейк создаёт протоки и каналы, а в местах, где градиент максимален — вымывает в материале, отложенном некогда ледником, террасы.", "Коюкук (река)\nИсток реки находится в горах Эндикотт самого северного хребта Скалистых гор — хребта Брукса. Хребет является водоразделом — реки южного склона входят в бассейн реки Юкон. Площадь бассейна составляет 82 880 км². Расход воды равен 404 м³/с. Река берёт начало севернее Полярного круга в виде нескольких верховий. Северная составляющая реки протекает через национальный парк и заповедник Гейтс-оф-те-Арктик. Соединившись в один поток, река течёт в юго-западном направлении. После города Беттлс протекает среди лесов канадской ели, озёр и болот. Впадает в Юкон севернее города Коюкук. Пойма в месте слияния Коюкук с Юконом располагается на территории национального резервата Коюкук. Над рекой проходит Трансаляскинский нефтепровод.", "Снежка (санаторий)\nСне́жка – санаторий под Брянском, в 6 км к востоку от городской черты, и посёлок при нём (около 200 жителей), относящийся к Свенскому сельскому поселению Брянского района. Расположен среди леса, на реке Свень, плотина на которой образует пруд, в летнее время пригодный для купания.", "Снейк\nСнейк — одна из наиболее важных рек для мигрирующих рыб, проводящих большую часть жизни в океане и отправляющихся на нерест в верховья рек[76][77]. Среди них стоит отметить такие виды, как кижуч, чавыча, нерка, микижа и белый осётр. Известно, что до строительства плотин нерест чавычи на реке проходил в три стадии (весной, летом и осенью), общая численность рыб при этом достигала около 120 000 особей, а численность нерки достигала 150 000 особей. Историческим барьером на пути миграции рыб были водопады Шошони[76].", "Колумбия (река)\nДалее река продолжает течь в южном направлении, протекая через восточную часть штата Вашингтон, а при впадении в неё притока Спокан — поворачивает на запад. Вскоре после этого, при впадении в Колумбию правого притока Оканоган, река вновь поворачивает на юг, а при впадении реки Уэнатчи — поворачивает на юго-восток. При слиянии со своим крупнейшим притоком, рекой Снейк, река Колумбия резко поворачивает на запад и далее образует границу между штатами Вашингтон и Орегон на протяжении 497 км, вплоть до впадения в Тихий океан[4].", "Кобылья Снова\nЧасть реки — граница между Липецкой и Воронежской областями. У села Каменка через реку переброшен мост. На правом берегу Кобыльей Сновы расположено село Озёрки, на левом — деревня Островок. В реку Снову впадает у посёлка Освобождение.", "Снейк\nСредний расход воды реки Снейк составляет 1553 м³/с. Геологическая служба США фиксировала расход воды в период с 1963 по 2000 годы на гидрологическом посту ниже плотины Айс-Харбор. За этот период самый большой средний расход воды был отмечен в 1997 году и составил 2384 м³/с, а самый низкий средний расход — в 1992 году и составил 770 м³/с[3]. Самый низкий средний за день расход был отмечен 4 февраля 1979 года и составил всего 76 м³/с. 27 августа 1965 года поток временно отсутствовал из-за испытания плотины Айс-Харбор. Самый высокий средний за день расход воды отмечался 19 июня 1974 года и составил 8800 м³/с[3]. Гидрологическим постом вблизи Кларкстона был зафиксирован рекордно высокий расход воды в реке Снейк — 10 400 м³/с. Ещё более высокий расход отмечался во время наводнений в июне 1894 года, он составлял около 11 600 м³/с.", "Северное море\nСе́верное мо́ре (ранее также Немецкое море[1]; French: Mer du Nord, German: Nordsee, Dutch: Noordzee, West Frisian: Noardsee, English: North Sea, Norwegian: Nordsjøen, Danish: Nordsøen или Vesterhavet) — мелководное шельфовое море Атлантического океана, омывающее берега северной Европы. Расположено между Британскими островами на западе, Ютландским, Скандинавским полуостровами на востоке и континентальной Европой на юге. Омывает берега Норвегии, Дании, Германии, Нидерландов, Бельгии, Франции и Великобритании.", "Льюис (приток Снейка)\nЛьюис () — река в штате Вайоминг, США; правый приток реки Снейк. На всём своём протяжении протекает по территории национального парка Йеллоустон. Длина составляет 29,1 км. Река названа в честь Мериуэзера Льюиса, американского первопроходца, руководителя экспедиции Льюиса и Кларка.", "Снейк\nсправа|230px|мини|Неизвестный пароход на реке Снейк, 1898 год При организации пароходного сообщения на реке Снейк пришлось решать гораздо более сложные проблемы, чем на реке Колумбия. Перепад высот Колумбии от истока до устья составляет лишь 820 м, тогда как у реки Снейк этот показатель составляет более 2600 м, притом что Колумбия почти на 320 км длиннее. С 1860 по 1940 годы пароходное сообщение осуществлялось на участке от устья реки примерно до места впадения в неё реки Аймнаха, в нижней части каньона Хеллс[62]. При этом большинство пароходов работали лишь на коротком участке от устья до города Льюистон, расположенного в устье реки Клируотер[63]. Этот участок был наиболее простым для навигации и с наименьшим перепадом высот, хотя и здесь насчитывалось более 60 порожистых участков[64].", "Пойк\nПойк — река в Нефтеюганском районе Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа России. Устье реки находится в 85 км по левому берегу Большой Юганской протоки. Длина реки — 60 км, площадь её водосборного бассейна — 575 км².\nВозле устья находится Пойковский посёлок.По данным государственного водного реестра России относится к Верхнеобскому бассейновому округу, водохозяйственный участок реки — Обь от города Нефтеюганск до впадения реки Иртыш, речной подбассейн реки — Обь ниже Ваха до впадения Иртыша. Речной бассейн реки — (Верхняя) Обь до впадения Иртыша.", "Снейк\nСогласно легенде, не-персе изначально проживали в долине реки Клируотер — одного из нижних притоков реки Снейк. На протяжении этой реки располагалось 26 поселений не-персе, и ещё 11 располагались на реке Снейк между её устьем и рекой Клируотер. Имелось также несколько деревень на реках Салмон, Гранд-Ронд и Туканнон, а также в нижней части каньона Хеллс. Количество лосося, ежегодно проходившего в те времена, оценивается в 4 миллиона особей в удачные годы. В отличие от многих племён, живших на юго-востоке бассейна реки Снейк, не-персе вели оседлый образ жизни и проживали в постоянных поселениях. Они поддерживали торговые отношения с салишами и племенами, проживавшими в средней части реки Колумбия. В то же время, не-персе были врагами шошонов и других племён, живших в верхней части бассейна реки Снейк[36].", "Сент-Джон (река)\nСент-Джон (, ) — река в Северной Америке, образует часть государственной границы США и Канады, между штатом Мэн и провинцией Нью-Брансуик. Площадь бассейна примерно 55 000 км², чуть более половины приходится на Нью-Брансуик. Вторая (после Саскуэханны) по длине среди североамериканских рек, впадающих в Атлантический океан между устьем Святого Лаврентия и Миссисипи.", "Пейетт (река)\nВерховья реки берут начало в районе горных хребтов Сотут и Салмон-Ривер, на высоте около 3000 м над уровнем моря. Образуется при слиянии рек Саут-Форк и Норт-Форк. Длина реки от истоков Норт-Форк составляет 290 км, а от истоков Саут-Форк — около 262 км. Площадь водосбора реки Норт-Форк — около 2500 км²; площадь бассейна Саут-Форк — 3100 км². Впадает в реку Снейк на границе со штатом Орегон.", "Сытенька\nСытенька () — река в Радивиловском районе Ровненской области и Бродовском районе Львовской области Украины. Правый приток реки Слоновка (бассейн Днепра).", "Тунелька\nТунелька — река в России, протекает по территории Красноселькупского района Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. Устье реки находится в 159 км по правому берегу реки Поколька на высоте 81 метр над уровнем моря. Длина реки составляет 40 км. Основные притоки — Мегенъихол, впадающая в 9 километрах от устья по правому берегу и река Тунелькы-Ягарт, впадающая справа в 5 километрах от устья. Верховья реки заболочены.", "Режик 3-й\nРежик 3-й — река в России, протекает по Свердловской области. Устье реки находится в 200 км по левому берегу реки Нейва. Длина реки составляет 13 км.", "Харт (река)\nБерёт начало в Скалистых горах, в нескольких милях к юго-востоку от озера Йеллоустон. Протекает через озеро Харт, из которого вытекает сквозь короткое, но крутое ущелье. Впадает в реку Снейк вблизи границы национального леса Титон. Высота устья — 2217 м над уровнем моря.", "Снейк\nКоренное индейское население проживало в бассейне реки Снейк на протяжении последних 11 000 лет. Хозяйственная деятельность этих людей основывалась преимущественно на лове рыбы, поднимающейся вверх по реке на нерест. Ко времени, когда экспедиция Льюиса и Кларка пересекла Скалистые горы и вышла в долину реки Снейк, преобладающими этническими группами здесь были индейцы не-персе и шошоны. Контакты с европейцами, у которых индейцы переняли использование лошадей, сильно изменили жизнь местного населения ещё до прихода сюда исследователей и трапперов. В середине XIX века вдоль значительной части реки Снейк проходит переселенческая Орегонская тропа, ведущая далее на запад, к побережью Тихого океана. Происходит активное заселение бассейна реки Снейк; в конце XIX и начале XX века вдоль реки строятся железные дороги, развивается судоходство и горная промышленность. Начиная с 90-х годов XIX века бурное течение Снейк используется для производства электроэнергии. Строительство на реке 15 плотин способствует улучшению судоходства и орошению близлежащих сельскохозяйственных угодий.", "Сейка (река)\nСейка — река в России, протекает в Республике Алтай. Устье реки находится в 5 км по левому берегу реки Ынырга. Длина реки составляет 12 км. \nВ 1 км от устья, по левому берегу реки впадает река Синюха.", "Рафт (река)\nРафт берёт начало на восточных склонах горного хребта Альбион, к юго-востоку от города Оаклей. Течёт главным образом в северном направлении и впадает в реку Снейк на территории округа Кассия. Высота устья — 1280 м над уровнем моря.", "Сюнык (нижний приток Кильмези)\nСюнык — река в России, протекает в Сюмсинском районе Республики Удмуртия. Устье реки находится в 125 км по правому берегу реки Кильмезь. Длина реки составляет 13 км, площадь водосборного бассейна 43,2 км².", "Солт (приток Снейка)\nСолт () — река в США, в северо-западной части штата Вайоминг. Левый приток реки Снейк. Длина составляет около 135 км; площадь бассейна — около 2300 км².", "Клируотер (приток Снейка)\nКлируотер () — река в США, на севере центральной части штата Айдахо. Правый приток реки Снейк. Длина составляет 120,4 км; площадь бассейна — 24 980 км². Крупнейший приток Снейка по среднему расходу воды. Название происходит от имени реки на индейском языке не-персе — \"Koos-Koos-Kai-Kai\", что можно перевести как «чистая вода».", "Туканнон\nБерёт начало в районе горного хребта Голубые горы и течёт преимущественно в северо-западном направлении. Впадает в реку Снейк примерно в 6 км выше устья реки Палус и парка штата Лайонс-Ферри. Длина реки составляет около 100 км. Площадь бассейна — около 1300 км². Высота бассейна над уровнем моря варьирует от 165 м в устье реки до 1950 м в Голубых горах на территории национального леса Уматилла. Реки бассейна питаются преимущественно за счёт атмосферных осадков и подземных вод.", "Нанук (река, Виктория)\nНанук (, в переводе — «белый медведь») — река на острове Виктория, Северная Канада. Берёт начало в Северо-Западных территориях и кончается в провинции Нунавут.", "Аниак (река)\nАниак () — река в юго-западной части штата Аляска, США. Левый приток реки Кускокуим.", "Синдер\nСиндер, или \"Черная Сындирь\" — небольшая река в России, протекает в Ивановской области. Устье реки находится по левому берегу реки Койка в Тейковском районе. Образуется из реки Чёрная и её правого притока Сындирь. Исток (Черная) в заболоченной местности севернее села Нельша, исток (Сындирь) в лесах юго-восточнее населённого пункта Волосачево Тейковского района. Длина реки незначительна. Не судоходна.", "Рафт (река)\nРафт () — река на севере штата Юта и на юге штата Айдахо, США. Приток реки Снейк, которая, в свою очередь, является притоком реки Колумбия. Длина составляет около 174 км. Площадь бассейна — 3901 км², более 95 % на территории Айдахо.", "Рей (река)\nУстье этой реки расположено на северо-западе от деревни Куглуктук в провинции Нунавут. Её берега в течение многих веков были местом проживания подгрупп так называемых «Медных инуитов», в частности, подгруппы канианермиут (также известной как уаллиргмиут, , жили у истоков реки) и паллирмиут (, жили у её устья).", "Колумбия (река)\nКолумбия принимает более 60 значительных притоков, крупнейшими из которых являются Снейк, Уилламетт, Кутени и Пенд-Орейл. Каждая из этих четырёх рек имеет средний расход воды более 570 м³/с и площадь бассейна более 52 000 км². Крупнейший приток — река Снейк. В месте слияния рек длина Снейка превосходит длину Колумбии, кроме того, площадь бассейна Снейка в этом месте также больше территории бассейна самой Колумбии.", "Портнёф (река)\nПортнёф () — река на юго-востоке штата Айдахо, США. Приток реки Снейк, которая, в свою очередь, является притоком реки Колумбия. Длина составляет около 154 км; площадь бассейна — около 3442 км². Средний расход воды составляет 11,8 м³/c.", "Незнайка (приток Десны)\nИсток находится у хутора Рожновка Одинцовского района, устье — у посёлка Десна Москвы.", "Хобек (река)\nХобек () — река в США, в северо-западной части штата Вайоминг. Левый приток реки Снейк. Длина составляет около 89 км; площадь бассейна — около 1600 км².", "Сюнык (верхний приток Кильмези)\nСюнык, Сынык — река в России, протекает в Селтинском районе Республики Удмуртия. Устье реки находится в 175 км по левому берегу реки Кильмезь. Длина реки составляет 10 км.", "Онега (река)\nРека берёт начало из озера Лача. Течёт по равнине, местами образуя широкие плёсы (до ), местами сужаясь до (в узких местах наблюдаются пороги). Течёт вначале в северном направлении, делая излучину возле города Мирный. От истока до устья река падает на  — в основном на порожистых участках, в местах пересечения моренных гряд и выхода коренных пород. У деревень Пустынька и Ярнема Онега прорезает кряж Ветреный пояс. В от устья река разделяется на Большую Онегу (справа) и Малую Онегу, которые затем вновь сливаются. Возле города Онега впадает в Онежскую губу Белого моря. В устье распадается на два рукава — Двинский и Карельский, разделённые Кий-островом.\nУстьевая область реки Онеги включает в себя часть нижнего течения реки и прилегающую к устью реки часть вершины Онежского залива Белого моря. Протяженность устьевого участка реки около . Устьевой участок р. Онеги однорукавный, имеющий устьевое расширение и по своим геоморфологическим характеристикам приближается к эстуарию. Глубины около на участке ниже города Онега и около выше г. Онега. Русло реки выше г. Онега имеет четко выраженный подъём дна, связанный с залеганием здесь трудноразмываемых подстилающих дно горных пород.", "Снейк\nВ 1960—1970-е годы в нижнем течении реки Снейк инженерными войсками США были построены 4 плотины для улучшения возможностей навигации. Таким образом была обеспечена прокладка глубокого судоходного фарватера, соединившего через систему водохранилищ и шлюзов Тихий океан с городом Льюистон, штат Айдахо, который расположен в 230 км от устья реки Снейк и в 748 км от устья реки Колумбия. Это дало возможность использовать тяжёлые баржи для перевозки грузов в глубоководные порты в нижнем течении Колумбии, такими как Портленд. Основным грузом, перевозимым на баржах по реке из Айдахо и восточного Вашингтона, является сельскохозяйственная продукция. Это главным образом пшеница, которая составляет более 85 % от всех грузов в нижнем течении реки Снейк. Пшеница экспортируется из портов в низовьях Колумбии. Другие грузы, перевозимые на баржах по реке Снейк, включают чечевицу, продукцию лесной промышленности и нефтепродукты[70].", "Смотрик\nСмотрик — река в России, протекает в Кемеровской области. Устье реки находится в 8 км по левому берегу реки Северная Уньга. Длина реки составляет 16 км. " ]

[ 11.8984375 ]

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[ "On December 16, 2015, the Supreme Court of India mandated several restrictions on Delhi's transportation system to curb pollution. Among the measures, the court ordered to stop registrations of diesel cars and sport utility vehicles with an engine capacity of 2,000 cc and over until March 31, 2016. The court also ordered all taxis in the Delhi region to switch to compressed natural gas by March 1, 2016. Transportation vehicles that are more than 10 years old were banned from entering the capital." ]

[ "Greek culture has evolved over thousands of years, with its beginning in the Mycenaean civilization, continuing through the Classical period, the Roman and Eastern Roman periods and was profoundly affected by Christianity, which it in turn influenced and shaped. Ottoman Greeks had to endure through several centuries of adversity that culminated in genocide in the 20th century but nevertheless included cultural exchanges and enriched both cultures. The Diafotismos is credited with revitalizing Greek culture and giving birth to the synthesis of ancient and medieval elements that characterize it today.", "The most-commonly accepted theory is that these events were triggered by the onset of an ice age, in the Hirnantian faunal stage that ended the long, stable greenhouse conditions typical of the Ordovician. The ice age was probably not as long-lasting as once thought; study of oxygen isotopes in fossil brachiopods shows that it was probably no longer than 0.5 to 1.5 million years. The event was preceded by a fall in atmospheric carbon dioxide (from 7000ppm to 4400ppm) which selectively affected the shallow seas where most organisms lived. As the southern supercontinent Gondwana drifted over the South Pole, ice caps formed on it. Evidence of these ice caps have been detected in Upper Ordovician rock strata of North Africa and then-adjacent northeastern South America, which were south-polar locations at the time.", "Hisham suffered still worse defeats in the east, where his armies attempted to subdue both Tokharistan, with its center at Balkh, and Transoxiana, with its center at Samarkand. Both areas had already been partially conquered, but remained difficult to govern. Once again, a particular difficulty concerned the question of the conversion of non-Arabs, especially the Sogdians of Transoxiana. Following the Umayyad defeat in the \"Day of Thirst\" in 724, Ashras ibn 'Abd Allah al-Sulami, governor of Khurasan, promised tax relief to those Sogdians who converted to Islam, but went back on his offer when it proved too popular and threatened to reduce tax revenues. Discontent among the Khurasani Arabs rose sharply after the losses suffered in the Battle of the Defile in 731, and in 734, al-Harith ibn Surayj led a revolt that received broad backing from Arabs and natives alike, capturing Balkh but failing to take Merv. After this defeat, al-Harith's movement seems to have been dissolved, but the problem of the rights of non-Arab Muslims would continue to plague the Umayyads.", "A reconciliation of these views is suggested by William Atwood: \"Undoubtedly [Chopin's] use of traditional musical forms like the polonaise and mazurka roused nationalistic sentiments and a sense of cohesiveness amongst those Poles scattered across Europe and the New World ... While some sought solace in [them], others found them a source of strength in their continuing struggle for freedom. Although Chopin's music undoubtedly came to him intuitively rather than through any conscious patriotic design, it served all the same to symbolize the will of the Polish people ...\"", "The possibility of withdrawal depends on the terms of the treaty and its travaux preparatoire. It has, for example, been held that it is not possible to withdraw from the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. When North Korea declared its intention to do this the Secretary-General of the United Nations, acting as registrar, said that original signatories of the ICCPR had not overlooked the possibility of explicitly providing for withdrawal, but rather had deliberately intended not to provide for it. Consequently, withdrawal was not possible.", "Various disco songs incorporated sounds produced with synthesizers and drum machines, and some compositions were entirely electronic; examples include Giorgio Moroder's late 1970s productions such as Donna Summer's hit single \"I Feel Love\" from 1977, Cerrone's \"Supernature\" (1977), Yellow Magic Orchestra's synth-disco-pop productions from Yellow Magic Orchestra (1978), Solid State Survivor (1979), and several early 1980s disco-pop productions by the Hi-NRG group Lime.", "The 2nd, 3rd and 4th Canadian Divisions each has a Regular Force brigade group, and each division except the 1st has two to three Reserve Force brigades groups. In total, there are ten Reserve Force brigade groups. The 5th Canadian Division and the 2nd Canadian Division each have two Reserve Force brigade groups, while the 4th Canadian Division and the 3rd Canadian Division each have three Reserve Force brigade groups. Major training and support establishments exist at CFB Gagetown, CFB Montreal and CFB Wainwright." ]

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[ "Cayuga–Seneca Canal The Cayuga–Seneca Canal is a canal in New York, United States. It is now part of the New York State Canal System.", "Pennsylvania Canal (Delaware Division) The Delaware Division of the Pennsylvania Canal, more commonly called the Delaware Canal, runs for 60 mi parallel to the right bank of the Delaware River from the entry locks near the mouth of the Lehigh River and terminal end of the Lehigh Canal at Easton south to Bristol. At Easton, which today is the home of The National Canal Museum, the Delaware Canal also connected with the Morris Canal built to carry anthracite coal to energy starved New Jersey industries. Later, with a crossing-lock constructed at New Hope, the New Hope 'outlet lock' (1847) connected by Cable Ferry to a feeder navigation/canal at Bull's Island along the opposite shore from Lumberville, which ran over 22 mi south along the left bank through Trenton to Bordentown, the west end of the Delaware and Raritan Canal (1834) to New York City via New Brunswick. as part of the solution to the United States' first energy crisis. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania built the Delaware canal to feed anthracite stone coal to energy-hungry Philadelphia as part of its transportation infrastructure building plan known as the Main Line of Public Works—a legislative initiative creating a collection of self-reinforcing internal improvements to commercial transportation capabilities." ]

[ "Erie Canal Commission The New York State Legislature appointed in 1810 a Commission to Explore a Route for a Canal to Lake Erie, and Report which became known as the Erie Canal Commission. Before 1817, the reports were submitted by the Commissioners Appointed to Provide for the Improvement of the Internal Navigation of the State, from February 1817 on the actual term Canal Commission was used, and its members titled officially Canal Commissioner. Besides, in 1817 a Canal Fund and Commissioners of the Canal Fund, and in 1826 a Canal Board, of which both the Canal Commissioners and the Commissioners of the Canal Fund were members, were created, and the term Canal Commission was applied sometimes to any of these bodies.", "Honeoye Creek Honeoye Creek is a tributary of the Genesee River in western New York in the United States. The name Honeoye ( ) is from the Seneca word \"ha-ne-a-yah\", which translates to \"lying finger\", or \"where the finger lies\". The name refers to a story of a Native American who had his finger bitten by a rattlesnake, and proceeded to cut off his finger with a tomahawk.", "Delaware and Hudson Gravity Railroad A predecessor to the Class I Delaware and Hudson Railway, the 1820s-built Delaware and Hudson Canal Company Gravity Railroad \"('D&H Gravity Railroad')\" was a historic gravity railroad incorporated and chartered in 1826 with land grant rights in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania as a humble subsidiary of the Delaware and Hudson Canal and it proved to contain the first trackage of the \"later organized Delaware and Hudson Railroad\" (so eventually became a first class Class I Railroad). It began as the second long U.S. gravity railroad built initially to haul coal to canal boats, was the second railway chartered in the United States after the Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road before even, the Baltimore and Ohio (e. 1827). As a long gravity railway, only the Summit Hill and Mauch Chunk Railroad (e. 1827) pre-dated its beginning of operations.", "Sweden, New York Sweden is a town in Monroe County, New York, United States. The town is located on the west border of the county. The Erie Canal passes through the northern part of the town and Route 19 is a major north-south highway. The population was 14,175 at the 2010 census.", "Gasport, New York Gasport is a hamlet (and census-designated place) located in the Town of Royalton in Niagara County, New York, United States. The population was 1,248 at the 2010 census. The name is derived from observed natural gas and the historic Erie Canal port at that location. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "Throop, New York Throop ( ) is a town in Cayuga County, New York, United States. The town is at the north city line of Auburn and is in the Finger Lakes region of New York. The population was 1,990 at the 2010 census. The town is named after former New York Governor Enos T. Throop, a resident of Cayuga County.", "Shinnecock Canal The Shinnecock Canal (also known as the Shinnecock and Peconic Canal) is a canal that cuts across the South Fork of Long Island at Hampton Bays, New York. At 4700 ft long, it connects Great Peconic Bay and the north fork of Long Island with Shinnecock Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. The canal opened to traffic in 1892.", "Tulpehocken Creek (Pennsylvania) Tulpehocken Creek is a 39.5 mi tributary of the Schuylkill River in southeastern Pennsylvania in the United States, and during the American Canal Age, once provided nearly half the length of the Union Canal linking the port of Philadelphia, the largest American city and the other communities of Delaware Valley with the Susquehanna basin and the Pennsylvania Canal System connecting the Eastern seaboard to Lake Erie and the new settlements of the Northwest Territory via the Allegheny}, Monongahela. and Ohio Rivers at Pittsburgh.", "Cayuga Nation of New York The Cayuga Nation of New York is a federally recognized tribe of Cayuga people, based in New York, United States. Other organized tribes with Cayuga members are the federally recognized Seneca-Cayuga Tribe of Oklahoma and the Canadian-recognized Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation in Ontario, Canada.", "Allegany Indian Reservation Allegany Reservation (Uhì·yaʼ in Tuscarora) is a Seneca Nation of Indians reservation in Cattaraugus County, New York, USA. In the 2000 census, 58 percent of the population within the reservation boundaries were Native Americans. Some 42% were European Americans; they occupy properties under leases from the Seneca Nation, a federally recognized tribe. The population outside of the rented towns was 1,020 at the 2010 census. The reservation's Native American residents are primarily members of the Seneca, but a smaller number of Cayuga, another Iroquois nation, also reside there.", "Silver Lake (Woodridge, New York) Silver Lake, one of three by that name in Sullivan County, New York, United States, is located just southeast of the village of Woodridge. It was created in the 1840s when Sandburg Creek was dammed to provide reliable water for the \"summit\", or highest-elevation, section of the Delaware and Hudson Canal, between Wurtsboro and Napanoch. After the canal closed, the 85 acre lake that had been created, initially called Woods Lake, became an attraction for guests at the Jewish summer resort communities in that area of the Catskill Mountains.", "Groves Creek Groves Creek is a river located in Seneca County, New York. It flows into Cayuga Lake by Weyers Point, New York.", "Seneca Lake (New York) Seneca Lake is the largest of the glacial Finger Lakes of the U.S. state of New York, and the deepest lake entirely within the state. It is promoted as being the lake trout capital of the world, and is host of the National Lake Trout Derby. Because of its depth and relative ease of access, the US Navy uses Seneca Lake to perform test and evaluation of equipment ranging from single element transducers to complex sonar arrays and systems.", "Schuylkill River The Schuylkill River ( , locally ) is an important river running west to east in eastern Pennsylvania, which was improved by navigations into the Schuylkill Canal. Several of its tributaries drain major parts of the center-southern and easternmost Coal Regions in the state. Originating from waters in the Anthracite Coal Region, millions of tons of coal enabling the iron and steel based industries of America's largest city of the day made their way down the waterway to make a great dent in the 19th-century's energy needs. It flows for 135 mi before joining the Delaware River as one of its largest tributaries in Philadelphia.", "Cayuga Lake Cayuga Lake ( or )  is the longest of central New York's glacial Finger Lakes, and is the second largest in surface area (marginally smaller than Seneca Lake) and second largest in volume. It is just under 40 mi long. Its average width is 1.7 miles (2.7 km), and it is 3.5 mi at its widest point near Aurora. It is approximately 435 ft at its deepest point.", "Susquehanna Valley The Susquehanna Valley is a region of low-lying land that borders the Susquehanna River in the U.S. states of New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. The valley consists of areas that lie along the main branch of the river, which flows from Upstate New York through Pennsylvania and Maryland into the Chesapeake Bay, as well as areas that lie along the shorter West Branch in Pennsylvania.", "Flint Creek (New York) Flint Creek is a creek in the Finger Lakes region of New York State, located between Canandaigua Lake and Seneca Lake. Flint Creek is part of the Canandaigua Lake watershed which is part of the Oswego River drainage basin, which ultimately drains to Lake Ontario. It flows through the hamlets of Potter, Gorham, and Seneca Castle, and ends in the village of Phelps where it joins the Canandaigua Outlet.", "Chemung Canal The Chemung Canal is a former canal in New York, United States. The canal connected Seneca Lake at Watkins Glen to the Chemung River at Elmira, New York. It was planned to connect the Finger Lakes region and Pennsylvania's Susquehanna River watershed with New York's Erie Canal system. The latter connected the Great Lakes with the Hudson River and ultimately the Atlantic port of New York City.", "Transportation in New York (state) Transportation in New York is made up of some of the most extensive and one of the oldest transportation infrastructures in the country. Engineering difficulties because of the terrain of New York State and the unique issues of New York City brought on by urban crowding have had to be overcome since the state was young. Population expansion of the state generally followed the path of the early waterways, first the Hudson River and then the Erie Canal. Today, railroad lines and the New York State Thruway follow the same general route.", "Seneca Creek Seneca Creek may refer to some water bodies in the United States:" ]

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[ "Two men are outdoors." ]

[ "The group of friends are watching a new film at the theater.", "The man is on the bike", "the man carried the child on his shoulders", "A lone dog howls at the moon.", "The children are napping on beach blankets.", "A man is sleeping.", "A surfer on his board." ]

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[ "There were three games of golf." ]

[ "There was only one game of golf.", "A group of teenagers push a boat down the road.", "A woman is smoking.", "Tuppence went to check if anything had been sent to her.", "Rennie doesn't have a foster son.", "It's always best to keep at least some secrets.", "There is stuff strewn about after a concert." ]

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[ "the man and women are in front of a store" ]

[ "the couple decided to stay home and sleep all day", "The loan repayments are taken in the future value.", "A couple stands by the food table.", "The girl is brunette", "He is not bad, but he is not Riley, and that is a problem they will have to tackle in the future", "A cake topped with white roses.", "She was the first." ]

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[ "The balloons are outside as well." ]

[ "The man is inside of a building.", "He said, \"You guys don't make enough money.\"", "A puppy is running down the hall to the room.", "He stood still.", "A man is looking at a piece of art.", "The child is playing in the sand.", "It will always take the exact same amount of time to review related information and perform initial testing." ]

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[ "The man picks up the woman" ]

[ "The woman picks up the man", "Harumi-dori is a narrow street well known for its hole-in-the-wall pubs.", "Government websites post links to porn.", "A small boy is wearing his winter coat.", "The girls have their feet on the ground.", "Overtaxing of the former West Germany and his inability to create jobs in the former East Germany have killed Kohl's inability.", "Two baseball players are on a soccer field." ]

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[ "Hannibal (film) Hannibal is a 2001 American psychological horror film directed by Ridley Scott, adapted from the novel of the same name by Thomas Harris. It is the sequel to the 1991 Academy Award–winning film \"The Silence of the Lambs\" in which Anthony Hopkins returns to his role as the iconic serial killer, Hannibal Lecter. Julianne Moore co-stars, in the role first held by Jodie Foster, as FBI Special Agent Clarice Starling.", "The Silence of the Lambs (film) The Silence of the Lambs is a 1991 American horror-thriller film directed by Jonathan Demme and starring Jodie Foster, Anthony Hopkins, and Scott Glenn. Adapted by Ted Tally from the 1988 novel of the same name by Thomas Harris, his second to feature the character of Dr. Hannibal Lecter; a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer, the film was the second adaptation of a Harris novel featuring Lecter, preceded by the Michael Mann-directed \"Manhunter\" in 1986. In the film, Clarice Starling, a young U.S. FBI trainee, seeks the advice of the imprisoned Dr. Lecter to apprehend another serial killer, known only as \"Buffalo Bill\"." ]

[ "A Haunted House 2 A Haunted House 2 is a 2014 American horror comedy film directed by Michael Tiddes and starring Marlon Wayans. The film is the sequel to the 2013 film \"A Haunted House\". Produced by IM Global Octane and distributed by Open Road Films, the film was released on April 18, 2014. The film received negative reviews, and earned over $23 million at the box office.", "Addams Family Values Addams Family Values is a 1993 American supernatural dark comedy film, the sequel to the 1991 American film \"The Addams Family\". It was written by Paul Rudnick and directed by Barry Sonnenfeld, and features many cast members from the original, including Raúl Juliá, Anjelica Huston, Christopher Lloyd, Christina Ricci, Carel Struycken, Jimmy Workman, and Christopher Hart. Included in the musical soundtrack is \"Supernatural Thing\" (composed by Haras Fyre) which was a chart success for Ben E. King. Compared to its predecessor, which retained something of the madcap approach of the 1960s sitcom, \"Addams Family Values\" is played more for macabre laughs.", "The Exorcist III The Exorcist III is a 1990 American supernatural horror film written and directed by William Peter Blatty. It is the third installment of \"The Exorcist\" franchise and a film adaptation of Blatty's novel, \"Legion\" (1983). The film stars George C. Scott, Ed Flanders, Jason Miller, Scott Wilson and Brad Dourif. This is the only \"The Exorcist\" film not to be distributed theatrically by Warner Bros., though Warner Bros. subsequently gained international distribution rights.", "Deceived Deceived is a 1991 American thriller film directed by Damian Harris and starring Goldie Hawn and John Heard.", "The Return of Count Yorga The Return of Count Yorga, originally titled Yorga Returns, is a 1971 American vampire horror film directed by Bob Kelljan and starring Robert Quarry. It is the sequel to the 1970 film \"Count Yorga, Vampire\".", "Phantasm II Phantasm II is a 1988 American action-horror film and sequel to \"Phantasm\" (1979). It was written and directed by Don Coscarelli, starring Angus Scrimm, James LeGros and Reggie Bannister. In it, the first film's protagonist Mike, recently released from a mental institution, recruits Reggie and some new friends in an effort to defeat the villain Tall Man.", "Amityville: The Nightmare Continues Amityville: The Nightmare Continues is a 1991 horror novel written by Robin Karl. It is the final installment and attempted reboot of \"Amityville\" book series.", "Zombi (film series) The Zombi\" series refers collectively to various European horror films that have been falsely marketed as sequels to either George A. Romero's Italian-American film \"Dawn of the Dead\" (1978) or Lucio Fulci's Italian film \"Zombi 2\" (1979); the latter was itself falsely marketed as a sequel to the former. A confusing history has emerged from the practise of retitling films for release in different countries, in which a given film may have a different title in each country in which it is released. In Britain, these films were released as the Zombie Flesh Eaters\" series. In North America, these same films became known as the \"Zombie\" series.", "Popcorn (1991 film) Popcorn is a 1991 American comedy horror film directed by Mark Herrier and written by Alan Ormsby.", "3615 code Père Noël 3615 code Père Noël (also known as Deadly Games, Game Over and Hide and Freak) is a 1989 French horror-thriller film written and directed by René Manzor. It is noted for its similarities to the 1990 American film \"Home Alone\", the makers of which Manzor once threatened with legal action on the grounds of plagiarism, alleging that they had \"remade my movie\".", "Alligator II: The Mutation Alligator II: The Mutation is a 1991 American direct-to-video horror film directed by Jon Hess. It is a sequel to the 1980 film \"Alligator\".", "Deranged (1974 film) Deranged is a Canadian-American horror film made in 1974 and directed by Alan Ormsby and Jeff Gillen. It is also known by the title Deranged: The Confessions of a Necrophile in the USA. It is a low-budget movie that is based on the life of Ed Gein. The title is, however, misleading since Ed Gein never experimented with necrophilia; although a necrophile is also defined as \"an obsessive fascination with death and corpses.\"", "Day of the Dead (2008 film) Day of the Dead is a 2008 American horror film about a virus outbreak that causes people to turn into violent zombie-like creatures. It is a loose remake of George A. Romero's zombie film of the same name, the third in Romero's Dead series. The film is directed by Steve Miner and written by Jeffrey Reddick.", "Teenage Exorcist Teenage Exorcist is a 1991 American comedy horror film directed by Grant Austin Waldman and written by Brinke Stevens from a story by Fred Olen Ray. The film stars Stevens, Eddie Deezen and Robert Quarry. Though the film was shot in 1991, \"Teenage Exorcist\" was not released on video until 1994.", "Prince of Darkness (film) Prince of Darkness is a 1987 American supernatural horror film directed, written and scored by John Carpenter. The film is the second installment in what Carpenter calls his \"Apocalypse Trilogy\", which began with \"The Thing\" (1982) and concludes with \"In the Mouth of Madness\" (1995).", "Pulse 2: Afterlife Pulse 2: Afterlife (also known as Pulse 2), is a 2008 horror film. It is a straight-to-DVD sequel to 2006 film \"Pulse\". The film is written and directed by Joel Soisson. The majority of the film's sets are actually photographs, with the actors inserted in. The film was followed by \"\".", "Liquid Dreams (film) Liquid Dreams is 1991 American erotic thriller starring Candice Daly. \"Liquid Dreams\" has some cult film buzz, mainly due to the movie's slight comparisons to the 1983 film \"Videodrome\". The film was screened at the International Critics' Week of the 1991 Cannes Film Festival.", "Ted Demme Edward Kern \"Ted\" Demme ( ; October 26, 1963 – January 13, 2002) was an American director, producer, and actor.", "Graveyard Shift (1990 film) Graveyard Shift is a 1990 American horror film directed by Ralph S. Singleton, written by John Esposito and based on the short story of the same name by Stephen King which was first published in the 1970 issue of \"Cavalier\" magazine, and later collected in King's 1978 collection \"Night Shift\". The movie was released in October 1990.", "Stephen Sommers Stephen Sommers (born March 20, 1962) is an American screenwriter and film director, best known for \"The Mummy\" (1999) and its sequel, \"The Mummy Returns\" (2001). He also directed Disney's live action version of \"Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book\" (1994), the action/horror film \"Van Helsing\" (2004), and \"\" (2009)." ]

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[ "I felt deep humiliation." ]

[ "I nodded, feeling very confident.", "A man is cooking a steak.", "some people are careless while working", "The doors do not always close properly.", "A man is pulling an ox through the desert.", "The woman is white", "Lovers were banned from meeting on the Cour des Femmes." ]

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[ "Someone are using the computers." ]

[ "Some people are reading books in a chair.", "The card Boris Yeltsin signed was completely readable.", "I am paying attention.", "A baker baking cookies.", "Welfare is based on estimates of what the market will do.", "A woman is wearing clothes.", "Two men are sitting." ]

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[ "North Hollywoodin pankkiryöstö\nPankkiryöstäjät ampuivat välikohtauksen aikana yhteensä noin 1300 laukausta, kun taas LAPD ja SWAT yli 750. Yhteensä kymmenen poliisia ja seitsemän siviiliä haavoittui tulitaistelussa, joista kaikki selvisivät hengissä. Kaikki haavoittuneet siviilit olivat pankin ulkopuolella; kukaan sisällä olleista ei haavoittunut. Larry Phillipsiä ammuttiin yhteensä 11 kertaa ja hänen kumppaniaan Emil Mătăsăreanua 29 kertaa.[2]" ]

[ "Syyskuun 11. päivän terroriteot\nWorld Trade Centerin pelastus- ja sammutustehtävissä sai surmansa myös satoja poliiseja ja pelastus- ja terveydenhoitoalan työntekijöitä. New York Cityn palolaitos FDNY menetti 341 palomiestä ja kaksi ensihoitajaa.[47] New Yorkin poliisilaitos menetti 23 ja Port Authorityn poliisilaitos 37 poliisia[48][49]. Maailman suurimpiin toimijoihin alallaan kuuluva investointipankki Cantor Fitzgerald menetti yksityisistä yrityksistä eniten työntekijöitään, 658 henkeä. Yrityksen toimitilat olivat Pohjoistornissa kerroksissa 101–105.[50] Vakuutusyhtiö Marsh & McLennan menetti 355 ja vakuutusyhtiö Aon Corporation 175 työntekijää[51].", "Detroit 9000\nRudy Challengerin esittämän poliitikko Aubrey Hale Claytonin varainkeruujuhlien tuotto ryöstetään. Ryöstäjien saalis kohoaa 400 000 dollariin. Hupuissa esiintyneiden ryöstäjien ihonväriä arvuutellaan ja poliisia moititaan hitaudesta. Alex Roccon esittämä katu-uskottava valkoihoinen etsivä Danny Bassett saa parikseen Hari Rhodesin esittämän tummaihoisen koulutetun etsivä Jesse Williamsin.", "Harvey Milk\nMyöhemmin samana iltana, 21. toukokuuta 1979, useita poliisiautoja täynnä mellakkavarusteisiin pukeutuneita poliiseja saapui Elephant Walk Barin eteen Castro Streetillä. Harvey Milkin suojatti Cleve Jones ja \"San Francisco Chroniclen\" toimittaja Warren Hinckle katsoivat vierestä, kun poliisit syöksyivät sisälle baariin ja alkoivat hakata sen asiakkaita sattumanvaraisesti. 15 minuutin taistelun jälkeen he lähtivät baarista ja hyökkäsivät kadulla kävelleiden ihmisten kimppuun. Poliisipäällikkö määräsi lopulta joukkonsa poistumaan kaupunginosasta. Aamuun mennessä 61 poliisia sekä sata mellakoitsijaa ja Castron homoa asukasta oli otettu sairaalaan. Kaupungintalon, poliisiautojen ja Elephant Walk Barin vahingot kohosivat yli miljoonaan dollariin. ", "Punaiset (elokuva)\nPunaiset oli ehdolla 12 Oscarin, kuuden Bafta-palkinnon ja seitsemän Golden Globen saajaksi. Maureen Stapleton voitti roolisuorituksestaan parhaan naissivuosan Oscarin ja Baftan, Warren Beatty ohjauksesta Oscarin ja Golden Globen. Lisäksi Parhaan kuvauksen Oscar-palkinto ja Jack Nicholsonin sivuosa-Bafta menivät elokuvalle.", "Virginia Techin verilöyly\nAmmuskelussa kuoli viisi yliopiston työntekijää G.V. Loganathan, Liviu Librescu, Kevin Granata, Jocelyne Couture-Nowak ja Christopher Jamie Bishop. Välikohtauksissa haavoittui 29 ihmistä, joista osa vakavasti. Kaksi opiskelijaa loukkaantui lievästi hypättyään ulos yliopiston ylemmistä kerroksista.", "North Hollywoodin pankkiryöstö\nKadun toisella puolella haavoittunut poliisi Zboravan siirtyi yhdessä paikalla olleen, ilman luotiliivejä toimineen etsivä John Krulacin kanssa parempaan suojaan autojen taakse. Tässä tilanteessa myös Krulac haavoittui ryöstäjien luodeista. Vaikka kumpaakin ryöstäjää onnistuttiin ampumaan useita kertoja niin käsiaseilla kuin haulikoillakin, he eivät vahvojen luotiliiviensä ansiosta loukkaantuneet lainkaan.[2]", "Los Angeles Timesin pommi-isku\nLos Angeles Timesin pommi-isku oli terroriteko yhdysvaltalaisen sanomalehden toimituksessa 1. lokakuuta 1910. Räjähdyksestä syttyi tulipalo, jossa ainakin 20 lehden työntekijää sai surmansa ja vähintään yhtä monta loukkaantui. Monet saivat pysyviä vammoja.", "North Hollywoodin pankkiryöstö\nKoska poliisien omat aseet eivät riittäneet haavoittamaan ryöstäjiä, yksi poliiseista kävi hakemassa läheisestä asekaupasta poliiseille itselataavia AR-15-kiväärejä. Poliisit eivät kuitenkaan ehtineet käyttää näitä aseita, sillä tilanne oli jo ohi, kun ne saatiin paikalle. Kello 9.48 SWAT pääsi etenemään alueelle. Samalla poliisi otti käyttöön pankin oman panssariauton, jonka suojissa se haki lisää loukkaantuneita poliiseja alueelta.[2]", "Oscar-gaala 2010\n\"The Hurt Locker\" sai gaalassa parhaan elokuvan palkinnon. Se sai myös yhteensä eniten palkintoja, kun sille myönnettiin kuusi palkintoa. Eniten ehdokkuuksia oli \"The Hurt Lockerille\" ja \"Avatarilla\", jotka olivat ehdolla yhdeksässä kategoriassa. Parhaasta miespääosasta palkittiin Jeff Bridges elokuvasta \"Crazy Heart\" ja parhaasta naispääosasta Sandra Bullock elokuvasta \"Elämä pelissä\".", "Englannin mellakat 2011\nMellakoissa pahoinpideltyjen tai loukkaantuneiden määrää ei kunnolla tiedetä. Poliisin mukaan loukkaantumisen vuoksi hoitoa on tähän mennessä saanut 186 poliisia ja viisi poliisikoiraa. Maanantain ja tiistain välisenä yönä haavoittui 14 siviiliä. Näiden joukossa lonkkamurtuman saanut 75-vuotias nainen, ja Koillis-Lontoossa mellakoijien piirittämäksi, ryöstämäksi ja pahoinpitelemäksi joutunut 20-vuotias malesialainen opiskelija.", "2001\n2. marraskuuta – 48 ihmistä loukkaantui Tampereen rautatieasemalla tavarajunan törmätessä Seinäjoelle lähdössä olleen matkustajajunan perään. 2. marraskuuta – Presidentti Tarja Halonen löi Rahapajassa Suomen viimeisen markan kolikon. 4. marraskuuta – Hurrikaani Michelle iski Kuubaan tuhoten satoa ja tuhansia rakennuksia. 7. marraskuuta – Concorden ensilento 15 kuukauden lentokiellon jälkeen. 8. marraskuuta – Microsoft julkaisi Xbox-pelikonsolin. 8. marraskuuta – Kaksi yölennolla ollutta Satakunnan Lennoston F-18C Hornetia törmäsi toisiinsa Lappajärvellä. Toinen koneista tuhoutui pudotessaan metsään Karstulassa ja toinen kone pääsi vielä palaamaan tukikohtaan Pirkkalaan tosin pahoin vaurioituneena. 12. marraskuuta – 260 ihmistä sai surmansa New York Cityssä, kun American Airlinesin Airbus A300 putosi noustuaan John F. Kennedyn lentokentältä. 12. marraskuuta – Taliban-joukot vetäytyivät Kabulista. 15. marraskuuta – Janika-myrsky riehui Suomen etelä- ja keskiosassa ja sai aikaan paikoin suuria metsätuhoja. 16. marraskuuta – Ensimmäinen Harry Potter -elokuva tuli ensi-iltaan tuottaen 975,8 miljoonaa dollaria, eniten vuoden 1997 elokuvan Titanic jälkeen. 23. marraskuuta – Neljä varusmiestä loukkaantui lievästi kranaatinheittimen putken räjähtäessä ampumaleirillä Rovajärven ampuma-alueella. 23. marraskuuta – Vaasan hovioikeus piti ennallaan Jyväskylän käräjäoikeuden päätöksen, jonka nojalla Jyväskylän junaturmassa mukana ollut veturinkuljettaja oli vapautettu syytteistä. Valtionsyyttäjä oli vaatinut veturinkuljettajalle rangaistusta kymmenestä kuolemantuottamuksesta ja törkeästä liikenneturvallisuuden vaarantamisesta. 24. marraskuuta – Berliinistä Zürichiin matkalla ollut sveitsiläisen Crossair-yhtiön matkustajakone syöksyi metsään lähellä Zürichin lentokenttää. Onnettomuudessa kuoli 24 ihmistä. 25. marraskuuta – Saksalainen industrial metal -yhtye Rammstein esiintyi ensimmäistä kertaa Suomessa Helsingin jäähallissa. 26. marraskuuta – Nepalin kuningas Gyanendra julisti maahan poikkeustilan sen jälkeen, kun yli 200 ihmistä oli saanut surmansa turvallisuusjoukkojen ja hallitusta vastustaneiden maolaississien yhteenotoissa kolmen päivän aikana. 27. marraskuuta – Eduskunnan apulaisoikeusasiamies Riitta-Leena Paunio valittiin uudeksi oikeusasiamieheksi vuoden 2002 alusta lähtien. Hänen edeltäjänsä Lauri Lehtimaja palasi aiempaan virkaansa Korkeimpaan oikeuteen. 30. marraskuuta – Presidentti Tarja Halonen nimitti Leonian konsernijohtajan Pentti Hakkaraisen yllätysnimenä Suomen Pankin johtokunnan jäseneksi. Eduskunnan pankkivaltuusmiehet olivat esittäneet johtokunnan jäseneksi Kokoomuksen kansanedustajaa Ilkka Kanervaa.", "Norrmalmstorgin pankkiryöstö\nEräs Kreditbankenin rakennuksessa työskennelleistä poliisimiehistä onnistui dramaattisella tavalla sulkemaan pankkiholvin oven, jonka taakse panttivangit ja kaappari sekä Olofsson olivat vetäytyneet hetkeksi lepäämään. Poliisi lukitsi pankkiholvin ulko-oven ja ryöstäjä sisäoven. Poliisin yhteydet holviin hoidettiin puhelimella. Ryöstäjien puhelin oli suljettu ulospäin meneviltä puheluilta. Tunnelma ryöstäjän ja poliisin välillä oli hermostunut ja pankkiholvi alkoi muistuttaa piiritettyä linnoitusta.", "North Hollywoodin pankkiryöstö\nKello 9.30 paikalle saapui yhä lisää yksiköitä, ja tuolloin paikalla oli jo yli 350 poliisia. Samaan aikaan Mătăsăreanu laski rahasäkin maahan ja siirtyi ryöstäjien pakoautoon hakemaan uuden automaattiaseen. Samaan aikaan Phillips alkoi ampua pankin yläpuolella lentäneitä uutis- ja poliisihelikoptereita kohti tekemättä niille kuitenkaan suurempaa vahinkoa. Poliisit alkoivat samalla hakea haavoittuneita tulilinjalta siirtämällä heitä poliisiautojen mukana suojaan. Monien muiden poliisien tapaan myös Zboravan ja Krulac saatiin toimitettua sairaalaan.[2]", "Bjørn Schouw Nielsen\nHardrup ampui kaksi pankin työntekijää ryöstön yhteydessä. Tanskan korkein oikeus katsoi, että Nielsen oli hypnotisoinut Hardrupin tekemään rikokset, ja Nielsen tuomittiin elinkautiseen vankeusrangaistukseen. Hardrupia epäiltiin myös toisesta pankkiryöstöstä, joka tapahtui vuonna 1950. Sen ryöstösaalista ei kuitenkaan löydetty ikinä. Hypnoosimurhien tutkintaa johti rikostutkija Roland Olsen. ", "Paul Newman\nNewman piti lyhyen tauon elokuvista, kun hänen poikansa Scott oli kuollut 1978 huumeiden yliannostukseen. Hän palasi elokuviin 1980-luvun alussa muutamissa tarkkaan valituissa projekteissa.[5] Vuonna 1981 valmistuivat Poliisipiiri Fort Apache, jossa Newman esitti kovaotteista poliisia, ja Ei rikosmielessä, josta hän sai jälleen Oscar-ehdokkuuden. Sidney Lumetin Ratkaisun hetkessä Newman esitti alkoholisoitunutta lakimiestä ja sai siitä myös Oscar-ehdokkuuden.[4] Newman palkittiin 1986 kunnia-Oscarilla ”ihailtavista roolisuorituksistaan”. Samana vuonna hän palasi yhteen tunnetuimmista rooleistaan, kun hän esitti Suurkaupungin haista tunnettua Fast Eddietä Suurissa seteleissä.[5] Newmanille rooli toi ensimmäisen Oscar-voiton ja jo kuudennen ehdokkuuden parhaasta miespääosasta.[4] Hänen seuraavia elokuviaan olivat sotadraama Salaisuuksien varjossa, Blaze ja Herra ja rouva Bridge.[5]", "Nasiriyyan taistelu\nTaistelujen aikana oli saanut surmansa 18 merijalkaväen sotilasta, minkä lisäksi noin 150 oli haavoittunut. Erikoisjoukot vapauttivat Jessica Lynchin ja neljä muuta kuorma-autokolonnan vangiksi jäänyttä amerikkalaissotilasta. Kuudes vanki Lori Piestewa oli menehtynyt haavoihinsa hieman vangiksi jäämisen jälkeen. Piestewa oli hopi-intiaani ja hänen uskottiin olevan ensimmäinen ulkomailla surmansa saanut naispuolinen intiaanisotilas. Arvoiden mukaan taisteluissa Nasiryyassa ja sen lähialueella sai surmansa 359-431 irakilaista. Paikallisen sairaalan mukaan surmansa sai noin 600 irakilaista ja heistä noin 400 oli sotilaita. Joidenkin järjestöjen mukaan siviiliurien määrä oli huomattavasti suurempi.", "Tucsonin ammuskelutapaus\nArizonan kuvernööri Jan Brewer sanoi ampumistapauksesta: \"Ajatukseni ja rukoukseni ovat kongressiedustaja Giffordsin ja hänen perheensä, kongressiedustajan henkilökunnan ja heidän perheidensä, kuten myös muiden uhrien, jotka kärsivät tästä järjettömästä ja julmasta väkivallasta. Yhdysvaltain edustajainhuoneen puhemies John Boehner sanoi: \"Hyökkäys palvelevassa virassa olevaa työntekijää kohtaan on hyökkäys kaikkia virassa olevia työntekijöitä kohtaan. Yhteiskunnassamme ei ole tilaa väkivaltaisuudelle ja uhkailulle virkavaltaa kohtaan... tämä on surullinen päivä maallemme.\" Yhdysvaltain korkeimman oikeuden puheenjohtaja John Roberts totesi: \"Me oikeuslaitoksessa olemme kärsineet kauhean menetyksen, menettäessämme yhden omistamme, tuomari John Rollin.\" Monet muut poliitikot Arizonasta ja kaikkialta Yhdysvalloista puhuivat julkisesti ampumatapauksesta, esimerkiksi senaattori John Kyl ja John McCain sekä Yhdysvaltain edustajainhuoneen jäsenet Eric Cantor ja Nancy Pelosi. Sarah Palin sanoi \"syvimmät osanottoni\".", "Michael Jackson\n27. tammikuuta 1984 Michael Jackson ja hänen veljensä olivat kuvaamassa Pepsin televisiomainosta Shrine Auditoriumissa, Los Angelesissa. Täyden konserttiyleisön edessä pyrotekniset laitteet sytyttivät Jacksonin hiukset tuleen, ja hän sai toisen asteen palovammoja päänahkaansa. Päänahkaan tulleet arvet yritettiin piilottaa, ja pian sen jälkeen hänelle tehtiin kolmas nenäleikkaus. Jackson ei toipunut koskaan täysin onnettomuudesta. Pepsi sopi asian oikeuden ulkopuolella, ja Jackson lahjoitti saamansa 1,5 miljoonaa dollaria Culver Cityssä, Kaliforniassa sijaitsevalle Brotman Medical Centerille, joka nykyään tunnetaan nimellä ”Michael Jackson Burn Center”.\n14. toukokuuta 1984 Jackson sai Valkoisessa talossa presidentti Ronald Reaganilta palkinnon, joka myönnettiin hänelle hyväntekeväisyysjärjestöjen tukemisesta. Järjestöt auttoivat ihmisiä pääsemään irti huumeista ja alkoholista. Samana vuonna Jackson voitti ennätykselliset kahdeksan Grammy-palkintoa ja sai oman tähden Hollywood Walk of Famelle. Toisin kuin myöhemmillä albumeilla, Thrillerillä ei ollut virallista myynninedistämiskiertuetta, mutta The Jacksons teki vuonna 1984 Victory Tour -kiertueen, jonka aikana esitettiin myös Michaelin uutta soolotuotantoa. Jackson lahjoitti kaikki kiertueesta saamansa tulot (noin kahdeksan miljoonaa dollaria) hyväntekeväisyyteen. ", "Norfolkin taistelu\nSamaan aikaan eversti David Weismanin johtama 3. prikaati kohtasi T-55-vaunuilla varustetun irakilaisen panssaripataljoonan. Monet irakilaiset vaunumiehistöt olivat poistuneet vaunuistaan lähimaastoon ilmaiskujen takia, jotka olivat tuhonneet monet irakilaisten ajoneuvot. Tajuttuaan amerikkalaisten saapuneen alueelle monet yrittivät silti tulittaa hyökkääjiä. Amerikkalaisista puolustusasemat näyttivät tyystin tuhotuilta, mutta niiden joukossa oli muutamia vielä ehjiä irakilaisia ajoneuvoja. Amerikkalaiset M1 Abrams -panssarivaunut ajoivat puolustusasemien läpi ja niitä seurasivat Bradley-vaunut. Palavat irakilaisvaunut valaisivat jälleen amerikkalaiset ja muutamat puolustajat alkoivat tulittaa vaunuja eri suunnilta. Yksi Bradley otti osuman ja kolme amerikkalaista haavoittui. Bradleyt ottivat osumia myös irakilaisten panssarintorjuntaohjuksista.", "The Keeper (vuoden 2009 elokuva)\nRoland Sallinger on losangelesilainen poliisi, joka käy lähellä kuolemaa, kun hänen ahneeksi käynyt parinsa ampuu sairaalakuntoon. Välikohtauksen seurauksena Roland joutuu sairaalaan, josta hän lopulta pääsee pois kuntoutukseen. Los Angelesin poliisiyksikkö kuitenkin päättää pakottaa Rolandin eläkkeelle. Myöhemmin hänen vanha ystävänsä ja nykyisin rikas liikemies Conner Wells pyytää Rolandia työskentelemään tyttärensä Nikitan henkivartijana. Samaan aikaan rikospomo Jason Cross kiristää Nikitan poikaystävää Masonia sieppaamaan tyttöystävänsä, jotta hän saisi kiristettyä Conneria antamaan kallisarvoista maapalstaa.", "Hyvinkään ammuskelu\nEnnen ammuskelua Hiltunen oli viettänyt päivän ystäviensä seurassa. Alkuillasta seurueen kesken tuli riitaa, ja Hiltunen lähti kotiin. Joidenkin tuntien jälkeen hän poistui asunnostaan mukanaan ampumisessa käytettävä pienoiskivääri sekä rata-ammunnassa ja metsästyksessä käytettävä .308-kaliiperin kivääri. Aseet kuuluivat hänen lähipiirilleen eikä Hiltusella ollut aselupaa. Hieman ennen kello kahta Hiltunen asettui matalan liikerakennuksen katolle ja avasi tulen kahden ravintolan ja kaupan edustalle. Ammuskelussa menehtyi välittömästi 18-vuotias nainen sekä myöhemmin sairaalassa 19-vuotias mies. Lisäksi yhteensä seitsemän muuta loukkaantui, joista yhden tila oli kriittinen. Vakavasti loukkaantunut oli 23-vuotias naispoliisi, joka toimi ammuskelun aikaan harjoittelijana ja sai osuman ennen kuin ehti pukeutua paksumpaan suojaliiviin.", "Columbinen verilöyly\nKirjastossa kaksikko aloitti tuhovoimaisimman ammuskelunsa.[1] 55 oppilasta piileskeli peloissaan pöytien alla Kleboldin ja Harrisin tullessa sisälle.[1] Klebold ja Harris käskivät kaikkien, joilla on valkoinen lippalakki, nousta ylös. Valkoinen lippalakki oli koulun urheilijoiden tunnusmerkki.[1] Kun kukaan ei noussut, kaksikko alkoi ampua.[1] Yhteensä 20 oppilasta loukkaantui tai sai surmansa kirjastossa. He kuitenkin myös jättivät muutamia oppilaita henkiin - tärkeinä esimerkkeinä puutikuista aiemmin haavoittunut Evan Todd, jota Dylan pelotteli muttei surmannut sekä molempien tuntema John Savage, jonka Dylan käski juosta tämän kysyttyä häneltä mitä kaksikko teki. Klebold vastasi 'Noh, tapamme vain ihmisiä.'", "Hannibal Lecter\nHannibalin uhreilta oli poistettu muun muassa haima, josta Hannibal teki ateriansa. Vain kaksi hänen uhreistaan selvisi hengissä.. Kirjassa \"Hannibal\" heidän henkilöllisyyksikseen paljastuvat miljonääri Mason Verger ja tämän sisko Margot. Lisäksi FBI:n agentti Will Graham, joka sai Lecterin kiinni, kärsi vammoja. Kirjassa \"Punainen lohikäärme\" kerrotaan, kuinka Lecter ehti ennen pidätystä viiltää Grahamin vatsan auki mattoveitsellä, mutta hänet onnistuttiin pelastamaan. Lecterin pidätys on esitetty elokuvan \"Punainen lohikäärme\" alussa.", "Norrmalmstorgin pankkiryöstö\nTiistaina kannettiin paareja ja erilaisia teknisiä kalustoja pankkiin. Ryöstäjä vastasi tähän tulella. Yksi poliisimies haavoittui lievästi. Poliisitoiminta tehostui ja illalla poliisipäällikkö Kurt Lindtroth suoritti ratkaisevan hyökkäyksen. Poliisit laskivat kaasua holviin. Ennen tätä poliisi oli heittänyt holviin kaasunaamarit poratun reiän kautta. Panttivangit ja Olofsson olivat panneet kaasunaamarit päälle. Heti kun kaasu laskettiin holviin, ryöstäjä antautui ja Olofsson ja panttivangit kannettiin paareilla ulos holvista. Olsson pystyi kävelemään ulos holvista. Olsson oli väsynyt, pettynyt ja poliisin uuvuttama. Hänen suunnitelmansa olivat epäonnistuneet. Heti tämän jälkeen komisario Sven Thorander ilmoitti draaman päättymisen.[3]", "Halloween – naamioiden yö\nIllan tultua Michael tappaa kolme Laurien ystävää ja houkuttelee Laurien taloon, jossa ruumiit ovat. Laurie säikähtää ja pelkää henkensä edestä. Myers tulee esiin ja alkaa jahdata tätä. Laurie selviää Myersin hyökkäyksistä ja onnistuu haavoittamaan tätä sukkapuikolla ja veitsellä. Lopulta Myers pääsee kuitenkin yllättämään Laurien ja melkein kuristaa tämän hengiltä, kunnes tämä riuhtaroi Myersin naamion pois hänen kasvoiltaan. Silloin Loomis saapuu ja ampuu Myersia kuusi kertaa ja Myers putoaa parvekkeelta. Mutta kun hän menee katsomaan alas, Myers on kadonnut jäljettömiin.\n\"Halloweenin\" budjetti oli vain noin 325 000 dollaria. Se kuvattiin 21 päivässä keväällä 1978. Murhaajan naamioksikin valittiin halpa William Shatner -naamio, johon lisättiin valkoinen maalikerros, silmäaukot ja hiukset. Lisäksi monet näyttelijät pitivät yllä omia vaatteitaan. Tekijöillä oli vaikeuksia löytää kurpitsoja filmausajankohdan takia ja syksyn lehdetkin olivat keinotekoisia ja niitä kierrätettiin kohtauksesta toiseen. Elokuva on yksi menestyneimmistä independent-elokuvista. Siihen on vuoteen 2009 mennessä tehty yhdeksän jatko-osaa. Valtion elokuvatarkastamo leikkasi elokuvasta 33 sekuntia elokuvan ennakkotarkastuksessa vuonna 1979 ja antoi elokuvalle leikkauksen jälkeen ikärajaksi K18. Vuonna 1986 elokuva ennakkotarkastettiin uudelleen ja Valtion Elokuvatarkastamo piti ennallaan aiemman päätöksensä ja elokuvasta leikattiin jälleen tuo samainen 33 sekuntia. Edelleen vuonna 1989 videolevitystä varten elokuvalle annettiin ikäraja K18 ja voimassa olleen videolain perusteella sitä ei siten saanut Suomessa myydä eikä levittää.", "Las Vegasin ammuskelu 2017\nPaddockin hotellihuoneesta, johon poliisin SWAT-ryhmä kello 23.20 tunkeutui, löydettiin 23 asetta. Ensihälytyksestä huoneeseen murtautumiseen kului 72 minuuttia. Paddock oli kieltänyt \"Älä häiritse\" -kyltillä siivoojia tulemasta huoneeseensa ja asentanut huoneeseensa ja sen läheisyyteen kolme videokameraa, joilla hän pystyi tarkkailemaan hotellin henkilökuntaa ja poliiseja. Yleisradion lähteiden mukaan ampujalla oli käytössään kaksi niin sanottua bump-stock-perää, jolla puoliautomaattisen aseen tulinopeus saadaan kasvatettua käytännössä sarjatuliaseen tasolle. Näiden lisävarusteiden kauppa on Yhdysvalloissa laillista. Yksi aseista on AR-15 -kivääri, joka on muunnelma Yhdysvaltain armeijan käyttämästä M16-rynnäkkökivääristä. Hänen autostaan löytyi ammoniumnitraattia, lannoitetta, johon pohjautuvaa räjähdysainetta käytettiin muun muassa Oklahoman pommi-iskussa 1995.", "The Rock – paluu helvettiin\nElokuvan alussa Yhdysvaltain merijalkaväen prikaatinkenraali Francis X. Hummel muodostaa hänelle uskollisista merijalkaväen sotilaista pienen palkkasoturijoukon, joka hyökkää Yhdysvaltain laivaston asevarastoon ja onnistuu varastamaan viisitoista ohjusta ja erittäin tappavaa VX-hermokaasua sisältäviä teräskanistereita. Hyökkäyksen jälkeen Hummelin joukot miehittävät San Franciscon edustalla sijaitsevan, museoidun Alcatrazin vankilasaaren ja ottavat siellä panttivangeikseen 81 ihmistä, jotka olivat saarella turistikiertueella. Hummel on katkeroitunut siitä, että Yhdysvaltain hallitus hylkäsi Vietnamissa ja Persianlahdella palvelleita merijalkaväen sotilaita vihollislinjojen taakse ja jätti heidät kuolemaan. Hummel ottaa yhteyden Yhdysvaltain hallituksen edustajiin ja kertoo heille vaatimuksensa: Hummelille, hänen joukoilleen ja \"petettyjen\" sotilaiden omaisille on luovutettava yhteensä sata miljoonaa Yhdysvaltain dollaria; mikäli vaatimuksiin ei suostuta 40 tunnin sisällä tai Yhdysvaltain hallitus kertoo tapahtuneesta joukkotiedotusvälineille, Hummel ei ainoastaan teloita panttivankeja vaan myös laukaisee VX-kaasulla varustettuja ohjuksia suoraan San Franciscon keskustaan. Vaikka ohjusten päästämä myrkkykaasupilvi voisikin pahimmassa tapauksessa tappaa suuren osan koko kaupungin väestöstä, Yhdysvaltain hallituksen tekemän päätöksen johdosta kenraalin esittämiin vaatimuksiin ei suostuta.", "Dominikaanisen tasavallan Bogotan-suurlähetystön kaappaus\nTerroristit, jotka kuuluivat nationalistiseen bolivariseen M-19-järjestöön, vaativat 50 miljoonan dollarin lunnaat ja vapauden 311 poliittiselle vangille ja vapaan pääsyn maasta. Poliisi ja terroristit kävivät kolmen tunnin välisen tulitaistelun. Yksi terroristi surmattiin, yksi loukkaantui. Paraguayn kunniakonsuli sai surmansa ja kaksi poliisia sekä kolme suurlätystön työntekijää.", "Sidney Streetin piiritys\nPoliisi piiritti 200 miehen voimin aamuyöllä 3. tammikuuta koko korttelin. Auringon noustua piirittäjien ja latvialaisten välillä alkoi ammuskelu. Latvialaisten aseet olivat parempia kuin poliisien ja heillä näytti olevan käytössään myös rajattomasti panoksia. Niinpä poliisi pyysikin apua Lontoon Toweriin sijoitetuilta armeijan joukoilta. Sisäministeri Winston Churchill sai tiedon asiasta ollessaan aamukylvyssä ja hän myönsi puhelimitse tarvittavat valtuudet. Churchill lähti myös itse piirityspaikalle, koska hän ei saanut sisäministeriöön tietoja tapahtumien kulusta. Piirityspaikan lähiympäristöön kerääntyi myös suuri joukko uteliasta yleisöä ja toimittajia. Tapahtumia tallennettiin myös elokuvaksi.", "Marriott World Trade Center\nIskujen aikana hotellirakennus toimi pakotienä monille kaksoistornien työntekijöille. Hotellissa kuolleiden määrästä ei ole tarkkaa tietoa; silminnäkijöiden arvioiden mukaan hotellissa olisi kuollut 50 ihmistä. Kuolleista suurin osa oli palomiehiä.", "North Hollywoodin pankkiryöstö\nLarry Eugene Phillips, Jr (s. 20. syyskuuta 1970) ja Emil Decebal Mătăsăreanu (s. 19. heinäkuuta 1966) olivat ennen North Hollywoodin ryöstöä ryöstäneet pankin kahdesti San Fernandossa maaliskuussa 1996. He saivat ryöstöistä lempinimen ”AK-47 bandits” (). Tätä ennen heidät oli tuomittu vuonna 1993 laittomien aseiden hallussapidosta sadan päivän vankeusrangaistukseen.[1]", "World Trade Centerin pommi-isku 1993\nNoin kello 12.18 keskipäivällä paikallista aikaa pakettiauto räjähti tappaen heti paikalla kuusi World Trade Centerissä ollutta ja haavoittaen yli tuhatta ihmistä. Uhrien vammat vaihtelivat raajojen murskaantumisesta savulle altistumiseen. Räjähdys teki valtavan kraatterin B-2 -kerrokseen ja tuhosi osia yläpuolella olleesta B-1 -kerroksesta. Yli tonnin painoinen teräspalkki, joka sijaitsi räjähtäneen pakettiauton vieressä, lensi kymmeniä metrejä kerrosten läpi yhteen One World Trade Centerin eli pohjoistornin alakerroksista tappaen neljä ihmistä. Kaksoistornien välissä sijainnut Vista Hotel, joka myöhemmin tunnettiin nimellä Marriott World Trade Center (Three World Trade Center), vaurioitui pahoin ja lähes sortui. Iskuhetkellä rakennuskompleksissa paikalla ollut työntekijä Bruce Pomper kuvaili räjähdyksen olleen voimakkuudeltaan kuin lentokoneen törmäys. Pohjoistornin 74. kerroksessa ollut Christopher King kuvaili myöhemmin räjähdystä:", "Harry Potter ja liekehtivä pikari (elokuva)\nElokuva tuotti maailmanlaajuisesti lähes 900 miljoonaa dollaria. Avajaisviikonloppuna tuotto Yhdysvalloissa oli noin 102,3 miljoonaa USD, milloin elokuva näytettiin 3858:ssa teatterissa. Isossa-Britanniassa elokuva esitettiin 535:llä valkokankaalla ja tuotto oli noin 14,9 miljoonaa puntaa.", "The Shining – Hohto\n\"Hohdosta\" on useita eripituisia versioita. Ensi-iltaversio kesti 146 minuuttia, mutta Kubrick leikkasi siitä lopun sairaalakohtauksen ja pituudeksi tuli 143 minuuttia. Kohtauksessa Wendy keskustelee Jackin palkanneen Ullmanin kanssa. 143-minuuttinen versio on saatavissa Pohjois-Amerikassa. Kubrick valtuutti vielä 24 minuuttia lisää leikkauksia. Tämä 119-minuuttinen versio on saatavilla Euroopassa.", "Mikkeli\nElokuussa 1986 Mikkelin torin laidalla räjähti poliisin piiritystilanteessa auto, jolla edellisenä päivänä Kansallis-Osake-Pankin konttorin Helsingin Jakomäessä ryöstänyt mies oli paennut. Räjähdyksessä saivat surmansa pankkiryöstäjä ja yksi tämän kolmesta panttivangista. Tapahtumasarja tunnetaan Mikkelin panttivankidraamana.", "Tapahtuipa Hollywoodissa\nElokuvasta on tehty kolme uudelleenfilmatisointia:", "Ned Kelly\n26. lokakuuta 1878 Kellyn joukko yllätti Stringybark Creekin lähellä leiripaikalla olleet poliisit, jotka olivat etsimässä heitä. Tulitaistelussa kuoli kolme poliisia (Michael Kennedy, Thomas Lonigan ja Michael Scanlan). Neljäs poliisi (Thomas McIntyre) säilyi hengissä ja pääsi pakenemaan. Tapauksen jälkeen Kellyn joukko julistettiin Victorian parlamentin päätöksellä lainsuojattomaksi[4] ja etsinnöistä muodostui massiivinen poliisioperaatio.[1]", "Mikkelin panttivankidraama\nNoin kello 19.55 ryöstäjä siirtyi aseidensa, rahasalkun ja kolmen panttivankinsa – yhden miesasiakkaan ja kahden naispuolisen pankkivirkailijan – kanssa pankin edustalle tuotuun pankinjohtajan Volkswagen Passat -henkilöautoon (MTV:n Kymmenen uutiset 8. elokuuta 1986 julkaisi kuvan kyseisestä valkoisesta autosta, jonka rekisterinumero oli ARL-605). Ryöstäjä oli suojautunut läpinäkymättömillä huovilla, koska hän aavisti poliisien yrittävän tässä vaiheessa ampua hänet. Kaappaaja pakotti miehen kuljettajaksi ja asettui itse naisten väliin auton takaistuimelle. Auto siirtyi poliisisaattueen seuraamana Lahdenväylälle ja lähti ajamaan sitä pitkin kohti pohjoista. Kun tilanne pankissa oli ohi, poliisi vapautti siellä vielä olleet kahdeksan panttivankia ja päästi evakuoidut talon asukkaat palaamaan koteihinsa.", "North Hollywoodin pankkiryöstö\nNorth Hollywoodin pankkiryöstö () oli 28. helmikuuta 1997 tapahtunut pankkiryöstö North Hollywoodin kaupunginosassa Los Angelesissa. Ryöstö päätyi lopulta lähes tunnin mittaiseen laukaustenvaihtoon poliisin ja ryöstäjien välillä ennen kuin molemmat ryöstäjät kuolivat poliisin luoteihin.", "The Heat\nElokuva näytettiin Yhdysvalloissa 3 181 teatterissa ja se tuotti avausviikonloppunaan 39 115 043 dollaria. Elokuva tuotti Yhdysvalloissa yhteensä 159 582 188 dollaria ja maailmanlaajuisesti 70 348 583 dollaria eli yhteensä 229 930 771 dollaria.", "Keltaisten liivien liike\n1.–2. joulukuuta Macronin eroa vaativissa protesteissa tapahtuneissa onnettomuuksissa kuoli kaksi ihmistä. Jotkut varastivat poliisiautosta rynnäkkökiväärin. Mellakoijat myös sytyttivät erään rakennuksen tuleen. Jotkut tunkeutuivat liikkeisin ryöstelemään. Protestoijat polttivat joulukuun 2. päivänä 200 autoa. Pariisissa vammautui 133 henkilöä, joista ainakin yksi vakavasti. Hallitus piti hätäkokouksen. Poliisi pidätti 410 ihmistä. Pariisin noin 5 500 mielensoittajista noin 1 500:n uskottiin olevan laittomuuksiin ”yllyttäjiä”. ", "Tupac Shakur\n30. marraskuuta 1994 Shakur oli Quad Recording Studiosin aulassa Manhattanilla, kun kaksi maastokuvioisiin vaatteisiin pukeutunutta miestä alkoivat ampua häntä kohti. Shakuriin osui kaiken kaikkiaan viisi luotia, joista kaksi päähän, kaksi nivusiin ja yksi käteen.[32] Hänet vietiin Bellevue Hospitaliin. Hän syytti tapauksesta Jacques \"Haitian Jack\" Agnantia ja James \"Jimmy Henchman\" Rosemondia[30] sekä Bad Boy Recordsin jäseniä The Notorious B.I.Giä, Andre Halleria, Sean Combsia, Kimi Haleyita ja Samuel Sunia.", "Norrmalmstorgin pankkiryöstö\nRauhallisen yön jälkeen nousi jännitys taas 24. päivänä ryöstäjän kieltäydyttyä noudattamasta poliisin antautumiskehotusta. Olsson uhkasi ampua kaikki panttivangit. Olofsson varoitti pankissa olevan radiopuhelimen avulla, että Olsson voisi todellakin toteuttaa suunnitelmansa.[5]", "Uudenkylän asevarikon räjähdysonnettomuus\nOnnettomuudessa loukkaantui 69 ihmistä. Sairaalahoitoa vaatineista sotilaista 28 kuljetettiin Keskussotilassairaala 2:een Lahteen ja kolme sotilasta Keskussotilassairaala 1:een eli Tilkkaan Helsinkiin. Lahden kaupunginsairaalassa hoidettiin kuutta siviiliä.[7] Tilkassa hoidetut loukkaantuneet oli kuljetettu sinne Puolustusvoimien helikopterilla Orimattilan kunnansairaalasta.[8]", "Syyskuun 11. päivän terroriteot\nNew Yorkin palolaitoksesta (FDNY) saapui World Trade Centerin alueelle yli 200 yksikköä, puolet laitoksen vahvuudesta. Paikalle saapui myös yli sata ensihoitoyksikköjen ambulanssia, mikä oli noin 30 prosenttia saatavilla olleista. Koska vuoro oli juuri vaihtunut, monet vuoronsa päättäneet palomiehet ja ensihoitajat palasivat yksiköihinsä. Tilanne oli monimutkainen, eikä palolaitoksen johto ollut täysin selvillä siitä, keitä kaikkia oli paikalla.[66] New Yorkin poliisilaitos (NYPD) lähetti paikalle nopeasti hätätapaus- (ESU) ja helikopteriyksikkönsä sekä muita poliisivoimia[67]. Kello 12:een mennessä neljäsosa NYPD:n koko henkilöstöstä oli sijoitettu WTC:n alueelle[68].", "Hypnoosimurha\nRyöstöyrityksen teki 28-vuotias Palle Hardrup. Ryöstöä tehdessään hän ampui ensin kassanhoitajan ja pian sen jälkeen konttorinjohtajan, ja pakeni sen jälkeen polkupyörällä läheiselle kadulle. Hän piiloutui lähistölle ja jäi pian kiinni. Useat silminnäkijät lähtivät pakenevan Hardrupin perään, ja poliisi neuvottiin rappukäytävään, johon tämä oli yrittänyt piiloutua. Palle Hardrup antautui poliisille nopeasti tekemättä vastarintaa. ", "Kilingi-Nõmmen koulupalo\nKilingi-Nõmmen II alakoulun toisen kerroksen suuressa luokkahuoneessa järjestettiin onnettomuuspäivän iltana elokuvanäytös. Kello 19 alkaneessa näytöksessä oli 132 lasta. Näytöksessä pidettiin välitauko, jotta elokuvaprojektori ehtisi jäähtyä, ja näytös jatkui taas kello 20.30. Kello 20.45 ylikuumentunut nitroselluloidifilmi syttyi palamaan projektorissa. Palo levisi nopeasti projektorin vieressä olleisiin filmikeloihin ja muualle huoneeseen. Luokkahuoneen sisäänpäin aukeava ovi tukkeutui ulos pyrkivistä lapsista, kun 1 500-asteinen tulipalo aiheutti paniikin huoneessa. Palossa kuoli palovammoihin ja myrkkykaasuihin 18 lasta, joista monet vasta muutaman päivän kuluttua sairaaloissa. Huhtikuun 23. päivään mennessä uhreja oli 11, ja seuraavien kahden päivän aikana kuoli kaksi lisää. Uhreista viimeinen kuoli vasta tasan kolmen vuoden kuluttua palosta.", "King Gordy\n5. helmikuuta 2013 King Gordya ammuttiin viidesti ryöstön yhteydessä Detroitissa. Artisti ei ole paljastanut juurikaan suurempia yksityiskohtia tapauksesta ja on sittemmin parantunut vammoistaan ja päässyt takaisin musiikin pariin. King Gordy ei kuitenkaan päässyt vammojensa takia esiintymään Gathering of Juggalosiin joka on yksi suurimmista horrorcoreen keskittyvistä festivaaleista.Hän päivitti myös Twitteriin suhtautuvansa nihkeästi jatkamiseensa kyseisen tyylilajin parissa.", "Kuin raivo härkä\nElokuva oli ehdolla kahdeksaan Oscariin (mm. paras elokuva), joista se voitti kaksi, kun De Niro palkittiin parhaasta miespääosasta ja Thelma Schoonmaker parhaasta leikkauksesta. De Niro voitti lisäksi Golden Globen ja Schoonmaker BAFTAn, jolla palkittiin myös Pesci parhaasta uudesta tulokkaasta. ", "Fort Hoodin ammuskelu\nHasanin puolustusasianajaja John Galligan sanoo hänen halvaantuneen poliisin ammuttua häntä neljästi.", "Rogues Gallery\nRautatienkadun ja Puistokadun risteyksessä sijaitsevan ravintolan eteen oli pysähtynyt kaksi autoa, joista juoksi sisälle ravintolaan kolme miestä. Ravintolassa alettiin ampua kello 12.18. Kolmen kuolleen lisäksi myös sivullisia haavoittui, joista yksi joutui sairaalahoitoon. Samana päivänä yhden kuolleista Bandidosin jäsenistä olisi pitänyt olla vastaamassa aikaisempia tekoja koskeviin syytteisiin Lahden käräjäoikeudessa. Jutussa otettiin kiinni kymmenen henkilöä, joista ketään ei iltaan mennessä pidätetty.", "Keltaisten liivien liike\n8. joulukuuta mielenosoituksia järjestetiin muun muassa Lyonissa, Bordeaux’ssa, Toulousessa, Marseillessa ja Grenoblessa. Arvioiden mukaan mielenosoituksiin osallistui noin 125 000 henkilöä, joista Pariisissa noin 10 000. Lähes 90 000 poliisia osallistui mielenosoitusten valvontaan. Heistä 8 000 oli Pariisissa, jossa käytettiin myös 12:a panssaroitua ajonevoa. Mielenosoittajat polttivat autoja ja rikkoivat ikkunoita. Lauantaina 8. joulukuuta yli 130 ihmistä loukkaantui, heistä 20 oli poliiseja. Talousministeri piti mellakoita katastrofina maan taloudelle. ", "Tootsie – lyömätön lyyli\nElokuva oli ehdolla kymmeneen Oscar-palkintoon, joista se voitti vain yhden, kun Jessica Lange palkittiin parhaasta naissivuosasta. Dustin Hoffman voitti roolisuorituksestaan sekä BAFTAn että Golden Globen, jonka sai myös Lange. Lisäksi elokuva voitti parhaan komediaelokuvan Golden Globen ja maskeerauksesta BAFTAn .", "Huến taistelu\nHuến taistelu oli pisin ja verisin Tet-hyökkäykjsen taisteluista.[2] Sitadelli, puolet Huến liikekeskustasta ja lähes kaikki kaupungin historialliset kohteet tuhoutuivat taistelujen aikana. Molemmat osapuolet kärsivät huomattavia tappioita.[1] Yhdysvaltain maavoimat menetti 74 miestä kaatuneina ja 507 haavoittuneina ja merijalkaväki vastaavasti 147 kaatuneina ja 857 haavoittuneina. Etelä-Vietnamin tappiot olivat 384 kaatunutta ja 1830 haavoittunutta. Pohjois-Vietnam ja Vietkong menettivät kaatuneina yli 5000 miestä ja tuntemattoman määrän haavoittuneina. Lisäksi amerikkalaiset ja etelävietnamilaiset ottivat 89 sotavankia. 26 helmikuuta löydettiin myös ensimmäinen kommunistien siviiliuhrien joukkohauta. Vietkongin jäsenet olivat surmanneet vihollisikseen mieltämiä ihmisryhmiä, kuten ulkomaalaisia, uskonnollisia tai poliittisia johtajia, sekä muita \"taantumuksellisia elementtejä\". Haudoista löydettiin lopulta yhteensä 2810 henkilön ruumiit ja joidenkin tutkijoiden mukaan surmattujen määrä saattaa olla jopa 5700. Monet siviilit saivat lisäksi surmansa jäädessä eri osapuolten tulen väliin ja 116000 kaupungin asukasta oli jäänyt taistelun jälkeen kodittomaksi.[2]", "Stonewallin mellakat\nKeskiviikkona \"The Village Voice\" julkaisi mellakoista Howard Smithin ja Lucian Truscottin kirjoittamia raportteja, jotka sisälsivät vähemmän mairittelevia kuvauksia tapahtumista ja niihin osallistuneista: ”heiluvat ranteet” (”limp wrists”) ja ”sunnuntain hinttihulluttelut” (”Sunday fag follies”). Väkijoukko kulki jälleen Christopher Streetiä pitkin ja uhkasi polttaa \"The Village Voicen\" konttorin. Noin 500–1 000 hengen joukkiossa oli myös muita ryhmiä, jotka olivat ottaneet yhteen poliisin kanssa ja epäonnistuneet ja jotka halusivat uteliaina tietää, miten poliisi oli tällä kertaa voitettu. Paikalla käytiin jälleen uusi raju katutaistelu, jossa loukkaantui sekä poliiseja että mielenosoittajia, jonka aikana ryösteltiin paikallisia kauppoja ja jossa pidätettiin viisi henkeä. Keskiviikkoillan tapahtumat kestivät noin tunnin. Eräs silminnäkijä tiivisti ne seuraavasti: ”Sana on ulkona. Christopher Street tullaan vapauttamaan. Hintit ovat saaneet tarpeekseen sorrosta.”", "Norrmalmstorgin pankkiryöstö\nHuomattuaan Olssonin konepistoolin pankin työntekijät hälyttivät poliisin. Poliisin ja Olssonin välille syttyi tulitaistelu ja Olsson ampui poliisia käteen. Sen jälkeen Olsson otti panttivangiksi neljä pankkivirkailijaa.", "North Hollywoodin pankkiryöstö\nLAPD palkitsi vuonna 1998 yhteensä 19 poliisia LAPD:n urhoollisuusmitalilla North Hollywoodin tapahtumien seurauksena.[3]", "Brooklynin teatteripalo\nBrooklynin palolaitoksen johtaja Thomas Nevins saapui palopaikalle noin kello 23:26. Hän totesi välittömästi teatterirakennuksen menetetyksi ja määräsi palokunnan päätehtäväksi palon rajoittamisen. Washington Streetin ja Johson Streetin kulmassa teatterin vieressä ollut Dieter Hotel oli teatteria matalampi, joten sen katolle putoili palavaa romua. Ensimmäisen poliisipiirin asema teatterin eteläpuolella oli vanha tiilirakennus, jossa oli puiset tukipalkit. Postitoimisto poliisiaseman eteläpuolella oli täynnä paperia. Vallitseva tuulen suunta oli kuitenkin itäinen, joten savu ja kekäleet kulkeutuivat kohti Flood’s Alleyn toisella puolella olleita vanhoja, puurakenteisia taloja. Nevins teki lisähälytyksiä jo matkalla palopaikalle, ja sijoitti saapuvat yksiköt teatterin ympärille, jotta palo ei pääsisi leviämään.", "North Hollywoodin pankkiryöstö\nSWATin tullessa paikalle toinen ryöstäjistä, Mătăsăreanu, ajoi miesten pakoautoa hiljalleen pois pankin parkkipaikalta samalla kun Phillips ampui auton suojissa kohti poliisia. Kello 9.52 Phillips siirtyi kadun varressa olleen rekan suojiin, jossa hänen kiväärinsä hetkeä myöhemmin jumittui. Hän ei yrittänyt poistaa hylsyä joka oli jäänyt luistin ja kaasumännän väliin. Phillips heitti aseensa pois ja otti esille Beretta-pistoolinsa, jolla jatkoi ampumista. Hän käveli kohti poliiseja ja ampui useita kertoja ennen kuin haavoittui saatuaan osuman käteensä, pudottaen pistoolinsa. Phillips nosti aseensa maasta ja ampui itseään leukaan, mahdollisesti vahingossa tai yrittäen itsemurhaa.[2] Samalla hetkellä yksi poliiseista ampui häntä suojaliivissä olevaan rakoon ja katkaisi hänen selkäytimensä. Hän kuoli välittömästi mutta poliisit ampuivat hänen ruumistaan vielä useita kertoja.", "Sidney Streetin piiritys\nKaksi latvialaista anarkistia Paul Helfeld ja Jacob Lepidus ryösti 23. tammikuuta 1909 Tottenhamissa eräälle kumitehtaalle palkkarahoja tuoneen lähetin. Ryöstön yhteydessä ammutut laukaukset hälyttivät myös poliisin paikalle. Poliisit ajoivat latvialaisia ryöstäjiä takaa useiden kilometrien matkan. Ammuskelussa kuoli yksi poliisi ja sivullinen koulupoika. Lisäksi 23 henkilöä sai vammoja tulituksessa, sillä ryöstäjät ammuskelivat myös sivullisia kohti. Ryöstäjistä Helfeld kuoli sairaalassa vammoihinsa ja Lepidus teki itsemurhan poliisin piiritettyä hänen asuntonsa.", "Wounded Kneen valloitus\nPoliisi piiritti alueen seuraavana päivänä 28. helmikuuta ja avuksi tuli myös armeijan yksiköitä panssaroitujen joukkojenkuljetusautojen kanssa. Armeijan yksiköt saattoivat osallistua toimintaan Alexander Haigin Nixonilta saamalla erityisluvalla. Tapaus sai suuren määrän mediahuomiota niin Yhdysvalloissa kuin ulkomaillakin. 29. helmikuuta Etelä-Dakotan demokraattisenaattorit James Abourezk ja George McGovern lensivät paikalle yrittääkseen hillitä tilannetta. Intiaanit suostuivatkin neuvottelemaan Abourezkin kanssa ja vapauttamaan panttivankinsa, mutta osa jäi vapaaehtoisesti paikalle. 2. maaliskuuta intiaanien puolesta lehdessä kirjoittaneen Aaron DeSersanin talo poltettiin ja hän joutui sairaalaan. Tekijöiksi epäiltiin Wilsonin kannattajia.", "Grenfell Towerin tulipalo\nPalomiehet saivat evakuoitua talosta 65 ihmistä. Loukkaantuneita oli 74. Suurin osa heistä oli sairaalahoidossa, ja 17 ihmistä oli kriittisessä tilassa.", "Tucsonin ammuskelutapaus\n13 ihmistä haavoittui luodeista, ja yksi loukkaantui yrittäessään estää ampujaa.", "White Night -mellakat\nVäkivallan toisessa vaiheessa poliisi teki tunteja myöhemmin ratsian pääosin homojen asuttamalla Castron alueella. Kun järjestys oli palautettu kaupungintalolle, kymmeniä poliiseja kuljettavat SFPD:n autot suuntasivat Castroon. Poliisit marssivat Elephant Walk -nimiseen homobaariin, vaikka heitä ei ollut käsketty tehdä niin. He huusivat \"likaiset kyrvänimijät\" ja \"sairaat hintit\" ja rikkoivat baarin suuret lasi-ikkunat asiakkaiden hakkaamisen lisäksi. 15 minuutin jälkeen poliisit vetäytyivät baarista ja liittyivät muihin poliiseihin, jotka hyökkäsivät satunnaisesti kadulla käveleviä homoja vastaan. Välikohtaus kesti lähes kaksi tuntia.", "Steen Christensen\nChristensen ryösti Hotelli Palacen 22. lokakuuta 1997 ja ampui pakomatkallaan kaksi poliisia, ylikonstaapeli Eero Kalevi Holstin (s. 29. joulukuuta 1941) sekä vanhemman konstaapelin Eero Antero Palon (s. 26. lokakuuta 1965), Helsingin Ullanlinnan Tehtaankadun ja Kapteeninkadun risteyksessä. Tapaus käynnisti ennennäkemättömän ajojahdin Suomessa. Christensen saatiin kiinni Hämeenlinnassa, kun hän oli poistumassa Hotelli Vaakunasta sen jälkeen kun hän oli yrittänyt itsemurhaa usein keinoin. Hän oli asunut hotellissa nimellä Kim Andersen. Ryöstön motiiviksi Christensen totesi rahapulan.", "Marion Knight\n24. elokuuta vuonna 2014 Knightia ammuttiin kuusi kertaa laulaja Chris Brownin juhlissa. Hänet vietiin sairaalaan, josta hänet kotiutettiin 27. elokuuta 2014. Knight kieltäytyi tekemästä yhteistyötä poliisin kanssa tapauksen selvittämiseksi.", "Oulun kristalliyö\nMellakka kesti useita tunteja, ja sen painopiste oli Isokadulla. Ikkunoita särjettiin, liiketiloissa käytiin, ja niistä varastettiin tavaraa. Useita ihmisiä loukkaantui lievästi erilaisissa yhteenotoissa. Paikalle saapunut poliisi joutui aluksi liian vähälukuisena vetäytymään nuorison tieltä. Poliisiautoja runneltiin, ja joitakin poliiseja muun muassa uhkailtiin. Poliisi ampui yön aikana kaksi varoituslaukausta ja pyysi puolustusvoimilta virka-apua omaisuuden suojelemiseen sekä harkitsi virka-apupyynnön tekoa myös mellakan rauhoittamiseen. Pidätyksiä tehtiin lopulta yli 40.", "Sumner Redstone\nRedstone loukkaantui vaikeasti hotellitulipalossa Bostonissa 1979. Hänelle suoritettiin 60 tuntia kestänyt leikkaus, josta hän vastoin lääkärien odotuksia selvisi hengissä. Toipumisikanaan Redstone alkoi investoida elokuva- ja televisioalalle. Nykyään Redstonella on National Amusementsin kautta määräysvalta muun muassa CBS Corporationissa ja Viacomissa.", "Syyskuun 11. päivän terroriteot\nWTC:n ulkopuolisista rakennuksista yksi, ortodoksinen Pyhän Nikolaoksen kirkko tuhoutui kokonaan siihen osuneista sirpaleista. World Financial Centerin rakennuksista kärsivät eniten American Expressin rakennus (WFC3) ja Talvipuutarha.[60] Liberty Streetin toisella puolella ollut Deutsche Bankin rakennus vaurioitui niin pahoin, että se purettiin myöhemmin[61]. Myös 15-kerroksinen Fiterman Hall West Broadwaylla kärsi pahoja vaurioita ja tuhoutui asuinkelvottomaksi. Se päätettiin purkaa, ja purkutyöt päättyivät marraskuussa 2009.[62] WTC-kompleksin pohjois- ja eteläpuolilla West Street -kadun varrella sijaitsevat vuoden 1926 art deco -tyylinen Verizon-rakennus ja vuoden 1907 uusgoottilaistyylinen 90 West Street vaurioituivat vakavasti, mutta molemmat kunnostettiin vuosikymmenen loppuun mennessä.[63][64].", "Eurekan kapina\nJoulukuun toiseen päivään mennessä jo kolme neljäsosaa kapinoitsijoista oli poistunut paikalta, mutta noin 130 jäi edelleen varustukseen. Victorian kuvernööri Charles Hotham pelkäsi Yhdysvaltain vapaussodan kaltaista kapinaa ja lähetti paikalle sotilaita, jotka hyökkäsivät kullankaivajien varustuksia vastaan sunnuntain vastaisena yönä 3. joulukuuta. Hyökkääjien onnistui yllättää kullankaivajat, vaikka he ampuivatkin varoituslaukauksen ennen hyökkäyksen alkamista. Kapinoitsijat yrittivät saada joukkojaan kokoon mutta epäonnistuivat monien paetessa paikalta. Lalor sai osuman käteensä, joka jouduttiin amputoimaan myöhemmin. Taistelu kesti vain puolisen tuntia, mutta siinä sai surmansa 21 kullankaivajaa ja 6 sotilasta. Lohram ja yli 100 muuta kapinoitsijaa pidätettiin. Vangituista 13 joutui syytteeseen kapinasta.", "USS Indianapolis (CA-35)\nMelkein 900 iskusta selvinnyttä miestä, pieni osa pelastuslautoilla ja suurimmalla osalla pelastusliivit, joutui olemaan yli neljä päivää meressä haiden, polttavan auringon ja kylmien öiden, nälän ja janon armoilla. Noin 50 miehistön jäsentä kuoli joka päivä haiden hyökkäyksissä.", "Venäjän valtionpankin Helsingin konttorin ryöstö\nTshokke jatkoi edelleen huuteluaan kadulla olevalle väkijoukolle. Konstaapeli Juho Ylinen yritti ampua Tshokkea Hämeenkadun toiselta puolen Tshokkelta takavarikoidulla Mauser-pistoolilla, mutta Tshokke onnistui ampumaan pistoolin Ylisen kädestä ja haavoittamaan häntä lievästi. Tämän jälkeen Tshokke yritti ampua eräästä aseliikkeestä saatua kivääriä pidellyttä konstaapeli Heikkilää, mutta hänen ampumansa luoti osui erääseen sivulliseen. Monet väkijoukosta, heidän joukossaan Kansan Lehden taloudenhoitaja Kosonen, yrittivät turhaan kehottaa Tshokkea antautumaan. Tämä pattitilanne jatkui pitkälle iltapäivään. Tshokken kanssa käytiin neuvotteluja, mutta hän kieltäytyi antautumasta. Osa väkijoukosta suhtautui myönteisesti Tshokkeen ja kun palokunta aikoi taltuttaa Tshokken voimakkaan vesisuihkun avulla, he uhkasivat katkoa letkun ja pahoinpitelivät letkua pidellyttä miestä. ", "Predator 2 – Saalistaja\nErikoisen kuuma lämpöaalto on iskenyt Los Angelesiin. Samaan aikaan kaksi kilpailevaa huumekartellia käy sotaa kadulla, ja paikalle on kutsuttu kovan luokan ammattipoliisi Michael Harrigan (Danny Glover). Kiihkeän poliisin ja rikollisten välisen ampumisen jälkeen, rikolliskartelli vetäytyy lähitaloon suojaan, kun sarja räjähdyksiä vavisuttaa taloa ja sitä seuraavat satunnaisesti ammutut laukaukset hämmentävät Harrigania. Harrigan tutkii alueen ja huomaa rikollisten kuolleen, mutta ruumiit on silvottu ampumisen sijaan. Kun Harrigan ja hänen poliisikollegansa ovat lähdössä alueelta, huomaa hän lähes läpinäkyvän, auringon valossa kiiltävän kookkaan hahmon erään talon katolla.\n\"Video-oppaassa\" vuodelta 1994 Bello Romano valittaa tämän jatko-osan jäävän hengettömäksi ja huumorittomaksi ja antaa sille kolme tähteä viidestä, mikä vastaa sanallista arviota ”hyvä”.", "Tupac Shakur\nShakurin seurue pysähtyi kello 22.55 punaisiin liikennevaloihin. Shakur avasi ikkunan ja valokuvaaja otti hänestä kuvan.[38] Kuva on viimeinen, jossa Shakur on elossa. Kello 23.00–23.05 poliisit pysäyttivät Sugen ajaman auton Las Vegas Blvd. kadulla.[38] Syynä oli liian kovaa soinut musiikki. Autossa ei myöskään ollut rekisterikilpiä. Kello 23.10 Knightin ajama musta BMW 750iL -sedan pysähtyi Maxim Hotellin edessä East Flamingo Roadin ja Koval Lanen risteykseen liikennevaloihin. Vasemmalta puolen auton lähelle tuli omalla autollaan kaksi naista, joiden kanssa Shakur vaihtoi muutaman sanan ja kutsui heidät juhlimaan Club 662:een. Kello 23.15 oikealta puolen takaa lipui hiljalleen valkoinen, tummennetuin lasein varustettu Cadillac, johon kukaan ei kiinnittänyt huomiota. Cadillacin takapenkiltä ammuttiin drive-by -tyyliin 12-13 laukausta kohti Sugen BMW:tä.[40] Apukuskin paikalla istuneeseen Shakuriin osui neljä luotia;[41][42] kaksi rintaan, yksi käsivarteen ja yksi reiteen.[43][44] Yksi luodeista lävisti Shakurin oikean keuhkon.[45] Suge lähti kuljettamaan Shakuria sairaalaan. Koko matkan sairaalaan Shakur toisti: ”I can’t breathe, I can’t breathe”.[46] Sugen ohjaama auto osui keskikaiteeseen ja kaksi rengasta puhkesi. Suge soitti paikalle ambulanssin. Kun ambulanssi saapui ja oli lähdössä, Shakur sanoi Sugelle: ”I’m dying, man”.[47]. Suge väitti, että häntä osui päähän luoti, mutta lääkärin kuvauksen mukaan vammat johtuivat Sugen päähän osuneista lasinsiruista.[48] Poliisit tulivat paikalle, ja poliisin kysyessä Shakurilta kuka häntä ampui, Shakur vastasi ”Fuck you”.[49] Tämän jälkeen hän vaipui tiedottomaan tilaan.[49]", "Yhdysvaltain rotumellakat\nMaaliskuussa 1991 ehdonalaista suorittanut Rodney King pakeni poliisia juovuksissa autollaan, mutta pysähtyi kun huomasi paon mahdottomaksi. Pidätyksessä valkoiset poliisit raahasivat mustan Kingin ulos autosta, ja hakkasivat tämän pampuilla lähes hengiltä. Tapahtuma tallentui videolle, joka esitettiin televisiossa.. Poliisit haastettiin oikeuteen, mutta tuomioistuin vapautti heidät. Mustat osoittivat mieltään. Mielenosoitukseen saapui mellakoivaa mustaa väkeä. Mellakoijat polttivat autoja ja rakennuksia, sekä ryöstelivät. Aseistettujen mustien ryöstelijöiden ja itseään puolustavien korealaistaustaisten yhdysvaltalaisten välillä oli ammuskelua. Poliisi lähetti paikalle vahvistuksia. Kansalliskaarti ei saanut ajoissa aseita ja ammuksia ja viipyi sen takia ainakin vuorokauden. Armeija, kansalliskaarti ja liittovaltion poliisi saivat tilanteen hallintaansa vasta 3.–4. päivänä. 54 kuoli, yli 2 000 haavoittui.", "Norrmalmstorgin pankkiryöstö\nRuotsin hallitus hyväksyi Olofssonin kuljettamisen Tukholmaan. Pankkia ympäröivät korttelit suljettiin ja raskaasti aseistautuneet poliisit piirittivät pankin. Olofsson vietiin pankin huoneistoon ja yhteys ryöstäjän ja poliisin välille saatiin. Ryöstäjälle luvattiin vapaa pääsy, ellei hän veisi panttivankeja - ja Olofssonia - pankista. Tähän Olsson ei suostunut ja vaati edelleen kolme miljoonaa kruunua sekä pakoauton.[3]", "Hollywood kanttiini\nKaksi sotilasta lomallaan viettävät kolme yötä Hollywood Canteenissa ennen kuin palaavat takaisin velvollisuuksiensa pariin merelle. Slim Green (Hutton) on miljoonas G.I. Canteenissa ja voittaa siten treffit Joan Leslien kanssa. Toinen G.I., kersantti Nowland (Clark), pääsee tanssimaan Joan Crawfordin kanssa. Canteenin perustajat Bette Davis ja John Garfield kertovat Canteenin historiasta. Sotilaat nauttivat erilaisista musikaalinumeroista, joita esittää Hollywoodin suurimmat tähdet.\n\"Hollywood kanttiinin\" tuotanto alkoi 5. kesäkuuta vuonna 1944. Elokuva kuvattiin Warner Brothersin studioilla Kalifornian Burbankissa. Tuotanto kesti aina 31. elokuuhun saakka.", "Fargo (elokuva)\n\"Fargo\" on saanut kaksi Oscaria: parhaasta naispääosasta (McDormand) ja parhaasta alkuperäiskäsikirjoituksesta. Elokuva oli ehdolla seitsemän Oscarin saajaksi, joiden joukossa parhaan elokuvan palkinto. Joel Coen sai parhaan ohjaajan palkinnon muun muassa Cannesin elokuvajuhlilla ja Bafta-gaalassa. Elokuva on saanut useissa elokuvatapahtumissa kaikkiaan 51 palkintoa.", "Mumbain terrori-iskut 2008\nViranomaiset joutuivat tulitaisteluihin terroristien kanssa, ja rynnäköivät rakennuksiin, joissa panttivankeja pidettiin. Tulitaistelut jatkuivat vielä 28. päivän iltana. Terroristit sytyttivät useita tulipaloja, muun muassa Taj Mahal Palace -hotelli paloi pahoin. Poliisin päämajaan kohdistuneessa iskussa kuoli myös Mumbain alueen terrorisminvastaisen poliisiyksikön päällikkö Hemant Karkare. Iskussa oli jäänyt yksi terroristi eloon. Isku päättyi 29. marraskuuta 2008.", "USS Nimitz (CVN-68)\nViikko tauon päätyttyä alus taisteluosastoineen määrättiin vahvistamaan Yhdysvaltain joukkoja Intian valtamerellä Iranin otettua panttivangiksi 52 lähetystötyöntekijää Teheranissa. Alus osastoineen saapui 23. tammikuuta 1980 Omaninlahdelle muodostetulle sotatoimialueelle () kierrettyään Hyväntoivonniemen kautta. Kahdeksan RH-53D Sea Stallion -helikopteria nousi lentotukialuksen kannelta pelastaakseen panttivangit operaatiossa Eagle Claw, joka oli osa operaatiota Evening Light. Hiekkamyrsky aiheutti operaation peruuttamisen, mutta helikoptereiden jatkettua laskeutumispaikalle tankattavaksi yksi niistä törmäsi tankkerina käytettyyn C-130 Hercules -kuljetuskoneeseen. Polttoaineen räjähdys surmasi kahdeksan sotilasta. Eloonjääneet evakuoitaessa jouduttiin hylkäämään helikopterit, joista Iran liitti neljä asevoimiinsa.[1]", "North Hollywoodin pankkiryöstö\nKello 9.25 viisi poliisia ja kaksi sivullista oli haavoittunut ryöstäjien luodeista. Tuolloin eräs poliiseista teki pyynnön poliisin SWAT-erikoisjoukkueen lähettämisestä paikalle. Ensimmäiset SWAT-yksikön jäsenet saapuivat paikalle kello 9.42, 18 minuuttia ammuskelun alettua. Heillä oli käytössään AR-15-kiväärit ja partiopoliiseja vahvemmat suojavarusteet. Luotiliiviensä alla SWAT-poliiseilla oli urheilushortsit ja jalassa lenkkitossut, sillä yksikkö oli ollut urheiluharjoituksessa saadessaan hälytyksen. Alueella haavoittui vielä lisää poliiseja, mutta lääkintäjoukot eivät päässeet heidän luokseen. Zboravan ja Krulac pääsivät kuitenkin takaisin kadun toiselle puolelle, jossa sijaitsi lääkäri Jorge Montesin vastaanotto. Montes pysäytti Zboravan ja Krulacin verenvuodon.[2]", "North Hollywoodin pankkiryöstö\nLuokka:30.16 Rikokset, kriminologia Luokka:Rikokset Los Angelesissa Luokka:Vuoden 1997 rikokset Luokka:Pankkiryöstöt", "Charlie Hebdon isku\n9. tammikuuta Amedy Coulibaly, 32, hyökkäsi Hyper Cacher -košerruokakauppaan Porte de Vincennes’ssa, Pariisin 12. arrondissementissa. Hän otti kahdeksan panttivankia ja vaati veljesten päästämistä pois piirityksestä. Myös tämä panttivangin ottaja kuoli poliisin rynnäkössä saman päivän aikana. Coulibaly ampui neljä panttivankia heti kaappauksen alussa, osa asiakkaista pelastui, kun kaupan muslimitaustainen työntekijä piilotti heidät myymälän kylmähuoneeseen. Edellisenä päivänä Coulibaly oli ampunut 26-vuotiaan Martiniquen saarelta Ranskaan muuttaneen naispoliisin, mutta häntä ei saatu kiinni murhasta ennen hyökkäystä košerkauppaan.", "Vain muutaman dollarin tähden\nElokuva kertoo kahdesta palkkionmetsästäjästä, jotka ampuvat roistoja saadakseen heistä palkkiorahat. Elokuvan alussa he eivät tunne toisiaan ja katsojille esitellään ensin eversti Douglas Mortimer (Lee Van Cleef) yhden roiston kimpussa, ja sitten ”Nimetön mies” eli ”Monco” (Clint Eastwood), joka harhauttaa ja listii saluunassa pokeripöydässä Red ”Baby” Cavanaughin joukkioineen. ", "Norrmalmstorgin pankkiryöstö\nNorrmalmstorgin pankkiryöstö oli Tukholman Norrmalmstorgilla sijainneeseen Kreditbanken-pankin konttoriin 23. elokuuta 1973 tehty pankkiryöstö, joka johti panttivankien ottamiseen ja 28. elokuuta asti jatkuneeseen poliisipiiritykseen.[1] Poliisia avustanut kriminologi ja psykologi Nils Bejerot käytti panttivankien samaistumisesta kaappaajiinsa nimitystä Tukholma-syndrooma[2].", "Ned Kelly\nKellyn joukko saarrettiin Glenrowanissa, Victoriassa 28. kesäkuuta 1880. Poliisit piirittivät Kellyn joukkoa, joka oli linnoittautunut rouva Jonesin majataloon ja suojautunut kotitekoisin, rautalevyistä tehdyin haarniskoin ja kypärin. Kellyn rikoskumppanit kuolivat piiritystä seuranneessa tulitaistelussa. Ulos poliisit haastamaan lähtenyt Kelly sai yhteensä 28 osumaa, mutta vasta osuma suojaamattomaan jalkaan sai hänet kaatumaan. Hänet saatiin kiinni hengissä.[1][6] Poliisin tappiot jäivät yhteen haavoittuneeseen.", "North Hollywoodin pankkiryöstö\nPhillipsin jäädessä rekan luo Mătăsăreanu jatkoi matkaa pakoautollaan. Kolmen korttelin päässä pankista hän kuitenkin pysähtyi, ampui muutamia laukauksia kohti siviilejä ja yritti varastaa lava-auton siinä kuitenkaan onnistumatta. Palatessaan takaisin vanhaan pakoautoonsa Mătăsăreanu joutui tulitaisteluun SWAT-yksikön jäsenten kanssa. Lyhyen tulitaistelun jälkeen Mătăsăreanu haavoittui kuolettavasti kello 9.59.[2]", "Kim Kardashian\nKim joutui aseellisen ryöstön kohteeksi Pariisissa lokakuussa 2016. Ryöstön yhteydessä häneltä vietiin mm. n. 5,5 miljoonan dollarin arvoinen 20 karaatin timanttisormus sekä puhelimia ja koruja. Ryöstösaaliin yhteisarvoksi laskettiin n. 11 miljoonaa dollaria. Tekijät saatiin myöhemmin kiinni ja heidät tuomittiin, mutta sormus oli ehditty jo sulattaa ja myydä eteenpäin. Hän jäi ryöstön jälkeen monen kuukauden pituiselle tauolle sosiaalisesta mediasta toipuakseen kokemuksestaan. Hän palasi sosiaaliseen mediaan 3.1.2017. Ryöstö on vaikuttanut häneen muun muassa siten, että hän ei käytä enää niin näyttäviä ja arvokkaita koruja kuin ennen.", "Taavetin pankkiryöstö 1926\nTaavetin pankkiryöstö tapahtui 1. kesäkuuta 1926 kun Kansallis-Osake-Pankin Taavetin konttoriin saapui iltapäivällä noin kello 15 aikaan kaksi miestä jotka alkoivat ampumaan pankin virkailijoita. Kiivaassa tulituksessa sai heti surmansa pankin valvoja kauppias Taavetti Myyrä. Pankinjohtaja Taavetti Punkkinen, prokuristi Alina Hirvikallio o.s. Riihelä ja pankinjohtajan taloudenhoitaja ja sisar neiti Eeva Punkkinen haavoittuivat vaikeasti. Ryöstäjät pakenivat paikalta ilman saalista pelästyttyään tilanteen aikana. He jättivät paetessaan pankkiin ryöstössä käyttämänsä aseen suurikokoisen Nagan-revolverin johon oli kiinnitetty äänenvaimennin. Haavoittuneet vietiin hoidettavaksi Viipurin lääninsairaalaan jossa pankinjohtaja Punkkinen kuoli saman päivän iltana ja prokuristi Hirvikallio 4. kesäkuuta.", "Tottenhamin ryöstö 1909\nTakaa-ajon aikana ammuttiin kaikkiaan yli 400 laukausta. Yksi poliisi sekä kymmenvuotias poika kuolivat ammuskelussa, ja lisäksi 21 ihmistä loukkaantui. Takaa-ajo päättyi Chingfordissa, kun Hefeld ampui itseään päähän. Lapidus lukittautui läheisen asuintalon makuuhuoneeseen ja ampui itsensä.", "USS Miami (SSN-755)\nAluksella syttyi 23. toukokuuta 2012 noin kello puoli kuusi illalla tulipalo, joka saatiin sammumaan seuraavana aamuna noin puoli neljältä. Tuli sai alkunsa etuosasta, jossa sijaitsevat henkilöstön majoitustilat, komento- ja ohjauskeskus sekä torpedohuone. Kolme Portsmouthin laivastontelakan palomiestä, kaksi aluksen miehistönjäsentä sekä kaksi siviilipalomiestä saivat lieviä vammoja. Alustavien tutkimusten mukaan tuli sai alkunsa pölynimurista, jota käytettiin vuorojen vaihtojen lopulla tehtäviin siivouksiin ja joka oli varastoitu käyttämättömään tilaan. Alustaviksi korjauskuluiksi arvioitiin 22. elokuuta noin 450 miljoonaa dollaria ja korjaukset valmistuisivat 30. huhtikuuta 2015. Arvio sisälsi 10 prosentin marginaalin kustannusten nousulle. ", "Norrmalmstorgin pankkiryöstö\nOlsson sai 10 vuotta vankeutta. Vapauduttuaan Olsson pakoili poliisia monta vuotta vakavista talousrikoksista. Vuonna 2006 Olsson antautui poliisille 5. toukokuuta Helsingborgin poliisitalolla. Hänen tapauksensa oli kuitenkin loppuun käsitelty.", "Westerplatten taistelu\nYllättävää avausta seurasi osasto helppoa ja nopeaa voittoa odottavaa saksalaista jalkaväkeä. Osasto kulki tykkitulen tiilimuuriin avaamasta aukosta, mutta joutui vuorostaan itse yllätetyksi. Puolustajat avasivat ristitulen kohti saksalaisia huolellisesti valmistelluista ja piilotetuista tuliasemista. Samana päivänä saksalaiset yrittivät kahdesti ilman tulosta kärsien odottamattoman suuria tappioita. Puolalaisten ainoa kenttätykki ampui 28 laukausta kohti saksalaisten asemia kanavan toisella puolella. Se ehti osua useisiin tuliasemiin ja komentopaikkaan ennen kuin siihen osui.\nPuolustajat tekivät myös vastahyökkäyksen tuhoten saksalaisten poliisin vartiopaikan käsikranaateilla. Tosin kaksi puolalaista haavoittui kuolettavasti hyökkäyksessä. Ensimmäisen päivän aikana puolalaiset kärsivät tappioina yhden kaatuneen ja seitsemän haavoittunutta, joista viisi kuoli myöhemmin. Saksalaiset menettivät 17 kaatunutta ja 53 vakavasti haavoittunutta 225 päivän aikana taisteluun osallistuneista. Lisäksi yksi komppanianpäällikkö haavoittui kuolettavasti. Kaikkiaan saksalaiset ilmoittivat tappioikseen 40–50 kaatunutta päivän aikana. Heidän tappionsa olisivat olleet suurempia, ellei majuri Sucharski olisi keskeyttänyt kranaatinheittimiensä tulitusta muutaman yhteislaukauksen jälkeen. Sucharski halusi säästää ammuksia, jonka tähden ehdittiin ampua vain 104 laukausta 860 kranaatista, sillä kranaatinheittimet tuhottiin seuraavana päivänä.", "Kuka ampui johtajan?\nSamaan aikaan poliisilaitoksella Waylon Smithers lupaa 50000 dollarin palkkion sille, joka saa Homerin kiinni, elävänä tai kuolleena, mikä saa aikaan murhanhimoisen kansanliikkeen. Lisa palaa rikospaikalle, ja pulun avustuksella hän saa selville, ettei hänen isänsä ollut hyökkääjä. Samaan aikaan sairaalalla tohtori Nick saa selville uutta tietoa. Kun koomasta herännyt Burns huudahti \"Homer Simpson!\", hän ei nimennyt ampujaansa, vaan sanoi sen koska se oli kaikki mitä hän sillä hetkellä pystyi sanomaan. Tohtori poistuu, ja Homer Simpson, joka oli onnistuneesti tunkeutunut lääkärin asussa huomaamatta sairaalaan ja Burnsin osastolle, yrittää saada Burnsin kertomaan kaikille ettei hän ampunut Burnsia.", "1978\n9. syyskuuta – Tilastokeskus ilmoitti, että Suomessa oli vuoden 1977 aikana osallistunut työtaisteluihin noin 744 000 työntekijää, mikä oli enemmän kuin kertaakaan 1960- ja 1970-luvuilla, ja että työtaistelujen vuoksi oli menetetty noin 2,4 miljoonaa työpäivää.[6] 10. syyskuuta – Useiden satojen ihmisten kerrottiin saaneen surmansa poliisin ja armeijan avattua tulen mielenosoittajajoukkoon Iranin pääkaupungissa Teheranissa. 11. syyskuuta – Ruotsalainen F1-kuljettaja Ronnie Peterson kuoli edellisenä päivänä Italian GP:n lähdössä Monzassa sattuneessa joukkokolarissa saamiinsa vammoihin. 13. syyskuuta − Nicaraguan presidentti Anastasio Somoza Debayle julisti maan sotatilaan kapinallisten naapurimaan Costa Rican puolelta tekemien hyökkäysten vuoksi. 14. syyskuuta – Presidentti Urho Kekkonen ja Neuvostoliiton pääministeri Aleksei Kosygin muurasivat Kostamuksen kaivoskombinaatin ensimmäiseen rakennusvaiheeseen kuuluvan rikastamon peruskiven. 17. syyskuuta – Camp Davidin rauhansopimus solmittiin Israelin ja Egyptin välille. 17. syyskuuta – Raju maanjäristys surmasi 25 000[7] ihmistä Iranin koillisosassa. Minuutin kestäneen järistyksen keskus oli Tabasin kaupungissa, jonka 12 000 asukkaasta suurin osa kuoli tai loukkaantui.[8] 25. syyskuuta – Boeing 727 törmäsi pienkoneeseen San Diegossa Kaliforniassa. Onnettomuudessa kuoli 144 ihmistä.[9] 26. syyskuuta – Nicaraguan presidentti Anastasio Somoza Debayle hyväksyi Yhdysvaltain välityksen maan sisäisessä kriisissä ja Amerikan valtioiden yhteisön OAUn tutkimukset Nicaraguan ihmisoikeustilanteesta, mutta ei kelpuuttanut sandinistisissejä rauhanneuvottelujen osapuoleksi. 27. syyskuuta – Turun raastuvanoikeudessa alkoi Salora-jutun oikeuskäsittely. Yhtiön johtoa syytettiin veronkierrosta, mutta päähuomion veivät tunnetuille poliitikoille, mm. Kalevi Sorsalle ja Johannes Virolaiselle sekä kauppa- ja teollisuusministeriön kansliapäällikölle Bror Wahlroosille, lahjoitetut stereolaitteet. Salora-yhtiöltä vaadittiin 10,5 miljoonan markan, toimitusjohtaja Jouko Nordellilta 3,2 miljoonan markan ja yhtiön toiselta pääomistajalta Olavi Laaksolta 6,9 miljoonan markan sekä turkulaisen TV-Nurmi Oy:n toimitusjohtajalta Reino Nurmelta 3,6 miljoonan markan korvauksia. 28. syyskuuta − Puolustusministeri P.W. Botha valittiin Etelä-Afrikan uudeksi pääministeriksi John Vorsterin erottua. Vorster valittiin maan presidentiksi seuraavana päivänä. 28. syyskuuta – Kuvataiteilija ja kirjailija Tove Jansson sai Suomen Nuorisokirjailijoiden myöntämän Topelius-palkinnon. 29. syyskuuta – Lontoon poliisi ilmoitti, että Bulgariasta maanpakoon lähtenyt kirjailija, toimittaja ja toisinajattelija Georgi Markov oli joutunut myrkyttämällä tehdyn murhan uhriksi lontoolaisella kadulla kolmisen viikkoa aiemmin. 30. syyskuuta – Suomen ensimmäinen lentokonekaappaus: 36-vuotias oululainen liikemies Aarno Lamminparras kaappasi Finnairin matkustajakoneen matkalla Helsingistä Ouluun. 30. syyskuuta – Hangon edustalla kuoli 10 nuorta veneonnettomuudessa. Viikinki-huvivene oli joutunut pois laivareitiltä, törmännyt kariin ja uponnut. Veneestä oli ammuttu hätäraketteja, mutta pelastustoimet käynnistyivät hitaasti eivätkä ehtineet ajoissa. Yhtä merivartijaa ja yhtä pursimiestä vastaan nostettiin syytteet kuolemantuottamuksesta.", "Ródos\nRódoksen saarella on kuvattu useita eri kreikkalaisia ja ulkomaalaisia elokuvia. Vuonna 1961 ilmestynyt Alistair MacLeanin romaaniin perustunut Hollywood-elokuva Navaronen tykit () kuvattiin osittain Ródoksella. Elokuva voitti vuonna 1961 Oscar-palkinnon parhaista erikoistehosteista[88]. Elokuvan tapahtumat sijoittuvat toisen maailmansodan aikoihin. Samoin toinen saarella kuvattu Hollywood-elokuva, vuonna 1979 ilmestynyt Pääkalloprikaati (), sijoittuu toiseen maailmansotaan.[89][90]", "Los Angeles Timesin pommi-isku\nIskusta syytettiin veljeksiä James B. ja John J. McNamara. Oikeudenkäynti oli värikäs, syyttäjän sanottiin uhkailleen todistajia ja puolustuksen yrittäneen lahjoa tuomaria. Puolustus keskittyi pelastamaan veljekset kuolemantuomiolta, ja heidät tuomittiin vankilaan, John J. McNamara 15 vuodeksi ja James B. McNamara elinkautiseen.", "Kellyn sankarit\nKelly (Clint Eastwood) oli luutnantti, kunnes hän joutui sotaoikeudessa syntipukiksi ja alennettiin sotamieheksi. Partioidessaan rintamalla Kelly onnistuu vangitsemaan saksalaisen tiedustelueverstin, jonka hän vie kuulusteltavaksi esimiehensä vääpeli ”Big Joen” (Telly Savalas) luo. Vääpeli kyselee vangilta vain tietoja huvittelumahdollisuuksista Nancyssa, sillä hänen joukkueensa on saamassa kauan odottamansa loman. Vääpeli lähtee, mutta Kelly kuulustelee vankia pitempään, sillä hän on huomannut tällä olevan kultaharkon. Kelly juottaa vangille konjakkia, jolta syvässä humalassa lipsahtaa kiinnostava tieto: vihollislinjojen takana Clermontissa olevassa pankissa on 14 000 kultaharkkoa, noin 16 miljoonaa dollaria.", "Perjantai 13. (elokuva)\nYhdysvalloissa elokuva sai paljon katsojia, mutta kriitikoilta se ei saanut myönteistä palautetta. Ohjaajaa ja käsikirjoittajaa arvosteltiin elokuvan raakuudesta ja verisestä väkivallasta. Avausviikonloppuna sitä esitettiin Yhdysvalloissa jopa 1100 teatterissa ja se tuotti avausviikonloppuna yhteensä noin 5,8 miljoona dollaria", "Elokuva toisen maailmansodan aikana\nYhdysvaltojen liityttyä sotaan joulukuussa 1941 Hollywoodin 250 000 teknikosta, näyttelijästä, tuottajasta ja ohjaajasta noin 40 000 liittyivät asevoimiin. Eräät arvostetut ohjaajat, kuten John Huston ja William Wyler, keskittivät energiansa sotaa käsittelevien, tehokkaiden dokumenttikuvausten tekoon. Vuonna 1942 \"Mrs Miniver\", Wylerin mielikuvitusnäkemys Ison-Britannian kotirintamasta, voitti seitsemän Oscaria. Liityttyään Yhdysvaltain ilmavoimiin Wyler siirtyi elokuvissa \"Memphis Belle\" (1945) ja \"Thunderbolt\" (1945) Hollywoodin studioilta Saksan taivaalle. Toinen Hollywoodin tukipylväs John Ford, filmasi elokuvan \"The Battle of Midway\" (\"Midwayn taistelu\", 1942). Myöhemmin hänestä tuli tiedustelupalvelu OSS:n kenttävalokuvatoimiston päällikkö. Useat Hollywoodin tähdet, kuten Clark Gable, Robert Montgomery, Robert Taylor ja Douglas Fairbanks Jr., liittyivät asevoimiin. James Stewart puolestaan liittyi ilmavoimiin, missä hän yleni everstiksi ja lensi 20 pommituslentoa Euroopan yllä." ]

[ 12.1484375 ]

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[ "Innocents (gang) The Innocents were an alleged gang of outlaw road agents in Montana Territory who operated during the gold rush of the 1860s, preying on shipments and travelers carrying gold from Virginia City, Montana. According to the early chronicler Thomas Dimsdale, the gang attempted to steal gold while it was being transported; they killed many travelers who resisted. Sheriff Henry Plummer of Bannack, Montana was accused of leading the group, and was executed by a group of vigilantes from Virginia City in January 1864, along with several other alleged gang members.", "Bannack, Montana Bannack is a ghost town in Beaverhead County, Montana, United States, located on Grasshopper Creek, approximately 11 mi upstream from where Grasshopper Creek joins with the Beaverhead River south of Dillon. Founded in 1862, the town contemporarily operates as a National Historic Landmark and is managed by the state of Montana as Bannack State Park." ]

[ "Thomas C. Marshall Thomas C. Marshall (December 14, 1851 – April 23, 1911) was a pioneer, lawyer, judge, and the 3rd Mayor of Missoula, Montana. He was born in Paducah, Kentucky, and elected county judge of Ballard County, Kentucky, when he was 28. He moved to Missoula in 1883 where he and Frank H. Woody formed the law firm \"Woody and Marshall\", which dissolved four years later.", "Vol Dooley Vol Sevier Dooley, Jr. (January 20, 1927 – August 11, 2014), was the sheriff of Bossier Parish in northwestern Louisiana from 1976 until 1988. Dooley is best known for two events that happened before and after he was sheriff, the false conviction of rodeo star Jack Favor in 1967 and the murder of his youngest son, Vol Dooley, III, in 2001.", "Teton County, Montana Teton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,073. Its county seat is Choteau. The county was founded in 1893.", "Beaver Mills, Alabama Beaver Mills, also known as Beaver Meadow, is a ghost town in Mobile County, Alabama, United States, near U.S. Route 45, south of Citronelle. It was the site of a paper mill that was also used as a uniform depot during the American Civil War. A post office operated under the name Beaver Meadow from 1890 to 1906.", "Michael Downing Michael \"Mike\" Downing (October 20, 1954 - April 17, 2015) was the Sheriff of Rockingham County, New Hampshire, having served in that role from his election in 2010 until his cancer related death in 2015.", "Carter, Montana Carter is a census-designated place (CDP) in Chouteau County, Montana, United States. The population was 58 at the 2010 census.", "Beaver, Utah Beaver is a city in Beaver County, Utah, United States. The population was 3,112 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Beaver County.", "Multnomah County Sheriff's Office Multnomah County Sheriff's Office (MCSO) serves the close to 700,000 residents of Multnomah County, Oregon, United States. Multnomah County Sheriff's Office is a County Law Enforcement agency that handles 9-1-1 calls and assists other city agencies such as Portland Police Bureau. The current Sheriff is Michael Reese. The cities of Maywood Park, Wood Village, and Troutdale contract out the law enforcement services of Multnomah County Sheriff's Office.", "Bossburg, Washington Bossburg is a ghost town in Stevens County, Washington, and is located on the east bank of the Columbia River just south of the Canada–US border. Bossburg had a maximum population of 800 in 1892. The town was once named \"Young America,\" although in 1896 it was renamed in honor of the town’s first citizen, C. S. Boss. It is currently best known for the 1969 discovery of the footprints in the snow of a supposed Sasquatch known as \"Cripplefoot,\" and subsequent hi-jinks.", "David D. Bogart David D. Bogart (March 31, 1860 – December 1912) was County Clerk and Recorder and the 6th Mayor of Missoula, Montana. He was born in Dawn Mills, Ontario, Canada and moved west with the construction of the Northern Pacific Railway until it reached Missoula in 1883. On May 7, 1888, he was elected as Missoula's 6th mayor and five years later would serve as the County Clerk and Recorder. On March 21, 1895 he was appointed Montana's first State Examiner and would act in the position for two years. Finally, he was elected as a state legislator to the 11 Legislative Assembly in 1909 and served a single term in the Montana House of Representatives. In December 1912, Bogart was killed in an avalanche in Saltese, Montana while prospecting for gold.", "David Ward (sheriff) David M. \"Dave\" Ward is the current sheriff of Harney County, Oregon.", "Frank J. Anderson Frank Anderson (born c. 1938) served as Sheriff of Marion County, Indiana from 2003 until 2011 when he was succeeded by Sheriff John R. Layton, and is the first black individual to serve in that post. He is the second black Sheriff in Indiana after Oatess E. Archey.", "Grass Range, Montana Grass Range is a town in Fergus County, Montana, United States. The population was 110 at the 2010 census.", "Bourne, Oregon Bourne is a ghost town in Baker County, Oregon, United States about 7 mi north of Sumpter in the Blue Mountains. It lies on Cracker Creek and is within the Wallowa–Whitman National Forest. Platted in 1902, the former gold mining boomtown is considered a ghost town today.", "Lombard, Montana Lombard is a ghost town in southeastern Broadwater County, Montana, United States. The town was located on the east bank of the Missouri River, just north of the mouth of Sixteen Mile Creek. Lombard was established in 1895 as the western terminus of the Montana Railroad, and the location of its interchange with the Northern Pacific Railway. In 1908, the Montana Railroad was incorporated into the new transcontinental main line of the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (\"the Milwaukee Road\"). This lessened Lombard's importance as a railroad operational base, but the town survived as an interchange point between the Milwaukee and the Northern Pacific.", "Eagle City, Utah Eagle City is a ghost town located in Garfield County, Utah, United States. Nestled in Bromide Basin high in the remote Henry Mountains of southern Utah, it was a gold mining camp. Eagle City was settled about 1890, but was almost abandoned by the start of World War I. A single resident remained until the 1970s.", "Ravalli, Montana Ravalli (Salish: sk̓ʷɫólqʷe, sk̓ʷɫʔó) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Lake County, Montana, United States. The population was 119 at the 2000 census. At one time Charlie Allard, the country's leading expert on breeding bison, owned the country's largest herd of buffalo in Ravalli.", "Outlook, Montana Outlook is a town in Sheridan County, Montana, United States. The population was 47 at the 2010 census.", "Marion, Montana Marion is a census-designated place and unincorporated community in Flathead County, Montana, United States. Its population was 886 as of the 2010 census. Marion has a post office with ZIP code 59925.", "Dooley, Montana Dooley is a ghost town in northeastern Sheridan County, Montana, United States. The town was established as a station stop and one of the first four depots along the Soo Line Railroad branch line to Whitetail, Montana." ]

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[ "Contemporary chroniclers were mostly critical of John's performance as king, and his reign has since been the subject of significant debate and periodic revision by historians from the 16th century onwards. Historian Jim Bradbury has summarised the contemporary historical opinion of John's positive qualities, observing that John is today usually considered a \"hard-working administrator, an able man, an able general\". Nonetheless, modern historians agree that he also had many faults as king, including what historian Ralph Turner describes as \"distasteful, even dangerous personality traits\", such as pettiness, spitefulness and cruelty. These negative qualities provided extensive material for fiction writers in the Victorian era, and John remains a recurring character within Western popular culture, primarily as a villain in films and stories depicting the Robin Hood legends." ]

[ "Only service dress is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion, barring \"dirty work\" or combat. With gloves, swords, and medals (No. 1 or 1A), it is suitable for ceremonial occasions and \"dressed down\" (No. 3 or lower), it is suitable for daily wear. Generally, after the elimination of base dress (although still defined for the Air Force uniform), operational dress is now the daily uniform worn by most members of the CF, unless service dress is prescribed (such as at the NDHQ, on parades, at public events, etc.). Approved parkas are authorized for winter wear in cold climates and a light casual jacket is also authorized for cooler days. The navy, most army, and some other units have, for very specific occasions, a ceremonial/regimental full dress, such as the naval \"high-collar\" white uniform, kilted Highland, Scottish, and Irish regiments, and the scarlet uniforms of the Royal Military Colleges.", "According to Mendelian inheritance, variations in an organism's phenotype (observable physical and behavioral characteristics) are due in part to variations in its genotype (particular set of genes). Each gene specifies a particular trait with different sequence of a gene (alleles) giving rise to different phenotypes. Most eukaryotic organisms (such as the pea plants Mendel worked on) have two alleles for each trait, one inherited from each parent.:20", "The Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were originally from the Atlas mountains and Rif mountains of North Africa and were essentially nomads. In Portugal, the Muslim population (or \"Moors\"), relatively small in numbers, stayed in the Algarve region, and south of the Tagus. Today, there are approximately 800 words in the Portuguese language of Arabic origin. The Muslims were expelled from Portugal 300 years earlier than in neighbouring Spain, which is reflected both in Portuguese culture and the language, which is mostly Celtiberian and Vulgar Latin.", "14% of the population speaks the official language Portuguese, the language of government and national communication during centuries of colonial rule. 44% speak Kriol, a Portuguese-based creole language, which is effectively a national language of communication among groups. The remainder speak a variety of native African languages unique to ethnicities.", "The Twelve Nidānas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence, each one giving rise to the next:", "In the U.S., for example, copyright case law contains a substantial similarity requirement to determine whether the work was copied. Likewise, courts may require computer software to pass an Abstraction-Filtration-Comparison test (AFC Test) to determine if it is too abstract to qualify for protection, or too dissimilar to an original work to be considered infringing. Software-related case law has also clarified that the amount of R&D, effort and expense put into a work's creation doesn't affect copyright protection.", "During a panel discussion at Harvard University's reunion for African American alumni during the 2003–04 academic year, two prominent black professors at the institution—Lani Guinier and Henry Louis Gates—pointed out an unintended effect of affirmative action policies at Harvard. They stated that only about a third of black Harvard undergraduates were from families in which all four grandparents were born into the African American community. The majority of black students at Harvard were Caribbean and African immigrants or their children, with some others the mixed-race children of biracial couples. One Harvard student, born in the South Bronx to a black family whose ancestors have been in the United States for multiple generations, said that there were so few Harvard students from the historic African American community that they took to calling themselves \"the descendants\" (i.e., descendants of American slaves). The reasons for this underrepresentation of historic African Americans, and possible remedies, remain a subject of debate." ]

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[ "A man is in the kitchen protecting his clothes" ]

[ "The man is at the barber having a shave.", "For the last several months, he has been on the campaign trail.", "A woman snapping a photo at a gathering.", "the person is empty handed.", "He tried to pay more attention to the Italian people that followed him.", "Writers and the Elizabethan Tourist Invasion", "I think it's great that in the present time, women have a choice" ]

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[ "West of the Wall West of the Wall \"West of the Wall\" is a 1962 song written by Wayne Shanklin, which was recorded as a single by Toni Fisher. The song tells of the sadness of lovers separated by the Berlin Wall which divided Germany into East and West at the time, and expresses the hope that the wall will soon fall. The Berlin Wall had been constructed in 1961, and in fact did not fall until 1989. The song was a Top 40 hit for Toni Fisher in the United States, where it reached #37 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in July 1962.", "Berlin Wall was the first East German border guard to escape by jumping the barbed wire to West Berlin. On 22 August 1961, Ida Siekmann was the first casualty at the Berlin Wall: she died after she jumped out of her third floor apartment at 48 Bernauer Strasse. The first person to be shot and killed while trying to cross to West Berlin was Günter Litfin, a twenty-four-year-old tailor. He attempted to swim across the Spree to West Berlin on 24 August 1961, the same day that East German police had received shoot-to-kill orders to prevent anyone from escaping. Another dramatic escape", "History of the Berlin S-Bahn History of the Berlin S-Bahn The Berlin S-Bahn began on 8 August 1924 with the first section from Stettiner Vorortbahnhof to Bernau using steam locomotives. On 13 August 1961 it was broken up when the Berlin Wall was built, resulting in two sections: the eastern part and the western part. The western part experienced a massive strike which resulted in closure of several stations, after declining use. Attempts were made to reopen at various times but in the end, only three lines were finally opened after the strike. Since 9 November 1989, when the Berlin Wall was opened, the Berlin", "Berlin Wall Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall (, ) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. Constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany), starting on 13 August 1961, the Wall cut off (by land) West Berlin from virtually all of surrounding East Germany and East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989. Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and finished in 1992. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, accompanied by a wide area (later known as the \"death strip\") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, \"fakir", "Berlin Crisis of 1961 of the Wall. On 6 August, a HUMINT source, a functionary in the SED, provided the 513th Military Intelligence Group (Berlin) with the correct date of the start of construction. At a weekly meeting of the Berlin Watch Committee on 9 August 1961, the Chief of the US Military Liaison Mission to the Commander Group of Soviet Forces Germany predicted the construction of a wall. An intercept of SED communications on the same day informed the West that there were plans to begin blocking all foot traffic between East and West Berlin. The interagency intelligence Watch Committee assessment said that", "Berlin Wall and to pass it on to the coming generations as a reminder to stand up for freedom and democracy to ensure that such injustice may never happen again,\" entreated Mayor Wowereit. \"It has been shown once again: Freedom is invincible at the end. No wall can permanently withstand the desire for freedom\", proclaimed President Wulff.\" Notes Bibliography Further reading Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall (, ) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. Constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany), starting on 13 August 1961, the Wall cut off (by", "Berlin Wall Times\" columnist James \"Scotty\" Reston. Kennedy made the regrettable error of admitting that the US would not actively oppose this action in the Soviet sector of Berlin. On Saturday, 12 August 1961, the leaders of the GDR attended a garden party at a government guesthouse in , in a wooded area to the north of East Berlin. There signed the order to close the border and erect a wall. At midnight, the police and units of the East German army began to close the border and, by Sunday morning, 13 August, the border with West Berlin was closed. East German", "Rudolf Urban (Berlin Wall victim) Rudolf Urban (Berlin Wall victim) Rudolf Urban (6 June 1914 in Berlin – 17 September 1961 in Berlin) was a German man who died as a result of injuries sustained while crossing the Berlin Wall. Rudolf Urban, a truck driver, lived with his wife Ilse in his birthplace at Bernauer Straße 1. After the Second World War, his apartment was physically located in Mitte, in East Berlin, or the Soviet Sector of Berlin, while the entrance to the building and adjacent sidewalk was located in Wedding, in West Berlin, or the French Sector of Berlin. With the construction of the", "Berlin Wall cross the Wall were criminals and needed to be shot: \"Do not hesitate to use your firearm, not even when the border is breached in the company of women and children, which is a tactic the traitors have often used\". Early successful escapes involved people jumping the initial barbed wire or leaping out of apartment windows along the line, but these ended as the Wall was fortified. East German authorities no longer permitted apartments near the Wall to be occupied, and any building near the Wall had its windows boarded and later bricked up. On 15 August 1961, Conrad Schumann", "Berlin Wall the plans were nonetheless changed to deal with the consequences of Kennedy's actions. It was then decided to block the access to West Berlin from the East. That is when the construction of the wall started. On 15 June 1961, First Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party and GDR State Council chairman Walter Ulbricht stated in an international press conference, (No one has the intention of erecting a wall!). It was the first time the colloquial term (wall) had been used in this context. The transcript of a telephone call between Nikita Khrushchev and Ulbricht on 1 August in the", "Berlin Wall Berlin. The National Security Agency was the only American intelligence agency that was aware that East Germany was to take action to deal with the brain drain problem. On 9 August 1961, the NSA intercepted an advance warning information of the Socialist Unity Party's plan to close the intra-Berlin border between East and West Berlin completely for foot traffic. The interagency intelligence Berlin Watch Committee assessed that this intercept \"might be the first step in a plan to close the border.\" This warning did not reach U.S. President John F. Kennedy until noon on 13 August 1961, while he was", "Cross border commuters in the Berlin area 1948–1961 the West cross-border commuters virtually impossible to continue their employment in West Berlin. However, before these provisions could fully take effect, the SED removed the problem of cross-border commuting in the Berlin area by building the Berlin Wall on 13 August 1961. At this time, there were still 12,000 East cross-border commuters employed in East Berlin, including 6,000 at the Deutsche Reichsbahn (East German Railways). The rest were mostly active as artists (70% of the soloistic staff of the Deutsche Staatsoper on Unter den Linden were West Berliners), or as scientists, technicians or doctors. Because of the absence of payments", "History of the Berlin U-Bahn Steglitz, Wedding, and Reinickendorf, a third north–south line was needed. The first section of line G was built between Leopoldplatz and Spichernstraße, with the intention of extending it at both ends. It had been planned to open the G line on 2 September 1961, but an earlier opening on 28 August was forced by the announcement of the construction of the Berlin Wall. GDR state and party leader Walter Ulbricht had replied to the question of the journalist whether there is a need to build a Berlin Wall, on 15 June 1961. \"I understand your question so that there are", "History of Berlin for a unified Germany. Loshitzky depicts the role of the Berlin Wall as a symbol of the Cold War, détente, and the collapse of the Communist regimes in Eastern Europe. She divides the history of the Wall into six major stages: the erection of the Wall (1961); the period of the \"geography of fear\" from the Cold War; the period of détente; the short period of glasnost and perestroika; the fall of the Wall (1989); and after the Wall. On August 13, 1961 the Communist East German government started to build a wall, physically separating West Berlin from East Berlin", "History of the Berlin S-Bahn from stations in East Berlin to stations on outlying sections in East Germany so as to avoid the need for such controls. East German government employees were then forbidden to use the S-Bahn since it travelled through West Berlin. The western sectors of the city were physically cut off from East Germany on August 13, 1961, by what was later called the Berlin Wall, in a well-prepared plan to separate the two halves of the city – and at the same time, to divide the Berlin public transit network into two separate systems. Stadtbahn services were curtailed from both directions", "Berlin Wall graffiti art Berlin Wall graffiti art The Berlin Wall was constructed in 1961 to separate West Berlin and East Berlin during the Cold War. All the differences between the countries made it a perfect place for people to express their opinions, especially on their preferences and dislikes. In the 1980s, the wall was reconstructed and made 14 feet tall. Graffiting on the wall became popular for artists from all over the world and a place where tourists would go and admire the artwork. The West Berlin side of the wall had artwork completely covering the wall, while the East Berlin side was", "Heinrich-Heine-Straße (Berlin U-Bahn) June that year. Mitte was within the Soviet zone which became East Berlin; the station was renamed Heinrich-Heine-Straße on 31 August 1960 following a decision by the Berlin \"Magistrat\" on 22 July to rename the street. After the construction of the Berlin wall a year later, on 13 August 1961, U-Bahn trains on Lines C and D ( and ) no longer stopped in East Berlin and Heinrich-Heine-Straße became one of the ghost stations. The entrances were blocked up and the stairwell enclosures removed so that they were no longer visible. Use did not resume until German reunification almost 30", "Berlin Wall graffiti art such as Potsdamer Platz, the East Side Gallery, and Bernauer Straße; many segments are now exhibited in other countries; see List of Berlin Wall segments. Berlin Wall graffiti art The Berlin Wall was constructed in 1961 to separate West Berlin and East Berlin during the Cold War. All the differences between the countries made it a perfect place for people to express their opinions, especially on their preferences and dislikes. In the 1980s, the wall was reconstructed and made 14 feet tall. Graffiting on the wall became popular for artists from all over the world and a place where tourists", "Cross border commuters in the Berlin area 1948–1961 the matter of cross-border commuters in its propaganda, citing them as a problem, which helped them to justify the construction of the Berlin Wall, starting in August 1961. Following the introduction of the German Mark in the western sectors of Berlin, and the East German Mark in the Soviet Sector of Berlin, as well as the Soviet Occupation Zone (which completed the surrounding of West Berlin in areas which were not bordered by East Berlin), about 122,000 West Berliners were employed in East Berlin or the surrounding Berlin area, where they were paid in East German Marks (East cross-border commuters),", "Berlin Crisis of 1961 and workers had begun to tear up streets running alongside the barrier to make them impassable to most vehicles, and to install barbed wire entanglements and fences along the around the three western sectors and the which actually divided West and East Berlin. Approximately 32,000 combat and engineer troops were employed for the building of the Wall, after which the Border Police became responsible for manning and improving it. To discourage Western interference and perhaps control potential riots, the Soviet Army was present. On 30 August 1961, in response to moves by the Soviet Union to cut off access to", "Development of the inner German border left for the West. The outflow of people remained considerable despite the new restrictions. Between 1949 and the building of the Berlin Wall in 1961, an estimated 3.5 million East Germans – a sixth of East Germany's entire population – emigrated to the West. Events such as the crushing of the 1953 uprising and the shortages caused by the introduction of collectivisation resulted in major increases in refugee numbers. In August 1961, the Berlin Wall was built, finally putting an end to the stream of refugees. With the erection of the Wall, Berlin quickly went from being the easiest place", "History of the Berlin U-Bahn in early May 1945 with the demolition of the north-south tunnel the train next to this also wide sections of the subway flooded. The reconstruction of the existing network before the war was finished only in 1950. Construction of the Berlin Wall in August 1961 brought new restrictions: the two metro lines C (1966: U6) and D (U8) drove from now on without stopping through the turned-ghost stations Stations of the East Berlin tunnels – the exception was of the border crossing developed Friedrichstraße station (see also: Tränenpalast). The stations Warschauer Straße and Potsdamer Platz were decommissioned. While the metro", "Embassy of the United States, Berlin not be considered a capital until Berlin was unified. Relations with the East German state were hampered because of this policy, and by the erection of the Berlin Wall in 1961. The wall made the site of the former U.S. Embassy, still owned by the U.S. government, an inaccessible vacant lot that was part of the security zone separating east and west Berliners. The site became accessible after the Berlin Wall came down in November 1989, but remained a vacant lot until the 2004 groundbreaking for construction of a brand new U.S. Embassy. In the early 1970s the U.S., along", "Rudolf Urban (Berlin Wall victim) least 140 victims caused by the Berlin Wall, in order of death, but was the first known victim in order of attempted escape. He was buried at the Dorotheenstädtischer Friedhof II. A memorial stone on the Bernauer Straße, near the Swinemünder Straße, which the district office of Wedding 1982 had set up, commemorates his fate and the fate of nine other victims in Bernauer Strasse. His widow, Ilse Urban, was last known to live (in 1985) at Teikeweg 42, in Berlin-Mariendorf. Rudolf Urban (Berlin Wall victim) Rudolf Urban (6 June 1914 in Berlin – 17 September 1961 in Berlin) was", "Berlin Wall to symbolize physically the \"Iron Curtain\" that separated Western Europe and the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War. Before the Wall's erection, 3.5 million East Germans circumvented Eastern Bloc emigration restrictions and defected from the GDR, many by crossing over the border from East Berlin into West Berlin; from there they could then travel to West Germany and to other Western European countries. Between 1961 and 1989 the Wall prevented almost all such emigration. During this period over 100,000 people attempted to escape and over 5,000 people succeeded in escaping over the Wall, with an estimated death toll ranging from", "Berlin Wall exchange rate of 1:1. It was forbidden to export East German currency from the East, but money not spent could be left at the border for possible future visits. Tourists crossing from the west had to also pay for a visa, which cost DM 5; West Berliners did not have to pay this. West Berliners initially could not visit East Berlin or East Germany at all – all crossing points were closed to them between 26 August 1961 and 17 December 1963. In 1963, negotiations between East and West resulted in a limited possibility for visits during the Christmas season", "Factory Berlin Wall. One side of the main building - which now has open-plan wooden flooring, full-height glass, and terraces - actually formed part of the interior of the Wall. The campus is located right beside the Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer on Bernauer Straße When Berlin was a divided city, the Berlin Wall erected in 1961 ran along this street. Bernauer Straße became famous for escapes from windows of apartment blocks in the eastern part of the city, down to the street, which was in the West. The main building has been refurbished and extended with two additional floors by Berlin based architect", "Berlin Westhafen station Human Rights, juxtaposed with quotes of Heinrich Heine in German and French language. Berlin Westhafen station Berlin Westhafen is a station in the Moabit district of Berlin. It is served by the S-Bahn lines and and the U-Bahn line . The S-Bahn station was opened in 1898 under the name \"Putlitzstraße\", which is the street on which the station lies. Despite sustaining damage during the Second World War, the station remained in service. The U-Bahn station was opened on 28 August 1961, soon after the building of the Berlin Wall and also with the name \"Putlitzstraße\", although no direct interchange", "Berlin Crisis of 1961 this intercept \"might be the first step in a plan to close the border\", which turned out to be correct. On Saturday 12 August 1961, the leaders of East Germany attended a garden party at a government guesthouse in Döllnsee, in a wooded area to the north of East Berlin, and Walter Ulbricht signed the order to close the border and erect a Wall. At midnight, the army, police, and units of the East German army began to close the border and by morning on Sunday 13 August 1961 the border to West Berlin had been shut. East German troops", "Berlin Ringbahn Germania\" on 30 January 1937. In World War II, the Potsdamer and Anhalter stations were heavily bombed; the \"Südringspitzkehre\" was closed in 1944 and was never reopened. From 1944 until the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, S-Bahn trains ran over the direct line between Papestraße (now Südkreuz) and Schöneberg opened in 1933, making a complete circle. With the building of the Wall, the line was broken in two places: The building of the Berlin Wall in 1961 prevented continuous operation, after which passenger numbers on the West Berlin side, between Gesundbrunnen and Sonnenallee, declined. This was caused partly", "Berlin Crisis of 1961 out among a range of firms in West Germany and the United Kingdom. On 15 June 1961, two months before the construction of the Berlin Wall started, Walter Ulbricht stated in an international press conference: \"\"Niemand hat die Absicht, eine Mauer zu errichten!\"\" (\"No one has the intention to erect a wall\"). It was the first time the term \"Mauer\" (wall) had been used in this context. On 4–7 August 1961, the foreign ministers of the US, UK, France and West Germany secretly met in Paris to discuss how to respond to the Soviet actions in West Berlin. They expressed" ]

[ "The Wall – Live in Berlin The Wall – Live in Berlin The Wall – Live in Berlin was a live concert performance by Roger Waters and numerous guest artists, of the Pink Floyd studio album \"The Wall\", itself largely written by Waters during his time with the band. The show was held in Berlin on 21 July 1990, to commemorate the fall of the Berlin Wall eight months earlier. A live album of the concert was released 21 August 1990. A video of the concert was also commercially released. The concert was staged on vacant terrain between Potsdamer Platz and the Brandenburg Gate, a location", "The Wall – Live in Berlin that was part of the former \"no man's land\" of the Berlin Wall. \"I did an interview a couple of years ago for a guy called Redbeard…\" Waters recalled. \"He said, 'Would you ever perform \"The Wall\" again on stage?' And I said, 'No'… Indoors, it made no sense financially; it's too expensive. And, as it's partially an attack on the inherently greedy nature of stadium rock shows, it would be wrong to do it in stadiums… I said, 'Well, I might do it outdoors if they ever take the wall down in Berlin.'… The Memorial Fund was in a", "The Wall – Live in Berlin the wall!\" and subsequent destruction of the on-stage wall was for this show accompanied by a projection of a section of the actual Berlin Wall on the cardboard bricks used on stage. The show officially ended with \"The Tide Is Turning\", a song from Waters' then-recent solo album Radio K.A.O.S. The Wall's classic closing number, \"Outside the Wall,\" was affixed to the end of \"The Tide is Turning.\" \"The Wall – Live in Berlin\" was released as a live recording of the concert, and the Laserdisc video in NTSC can still be found through second sourcing. A DVD was released", "Berlin Wall troops and workers had begun to tear up streets running alongside the border to make them impassable to most vehicles and to install barbed wire entanglements and fences along the around the three western sectors, and the that divided West and East Berlin. The date of 13 August became commonly referred to as Barbed Wire Sunday in Germany. The barrier was built inside East Berlin or East German territory to ensure that it did not encroach on West Berlin at any point. Generally, the Wall was only slightly inside East Berlin, but in a few places it was some distance", "The Wall – Live in Berlin in 2003 in the U.S. by Island/Mercury Records and internationally by Universal Music (Region-free). Hollingsworth's company Tribute, a London-based \"good causes\" campaign company, sold worldwide television rights, with 52 countries showing the two-hour event. Twenty countries showed up to five repeats of the show and 65 countries broadcast a highlights show. There was also distribution of a double music CD and post-production VHS videotape by Polygram. The Wall – Live in Berlin The Wall – Live in Berlin was a live concert performance by Roger Waters and numerous guest artists, of the Pink Floyd studio album \"The Wall\", itself largely", "Berlin Wall of the Bundeswehr. These were equipped with 175 trucks, 65 cranes, 55 excavators and 13 bulldozers. Virtually every road that was severed by the Berlin Wall, every road that once linked from West Berlin to East Berlin, was reconstructed and reopened by 1 August 1990. In Berlin alone, 184 km of wall, 154 km border fence, 144 km signal systems and 87 km barrier ditches were removed. What remained were six sections that were to be preserved as a memorial. Various military units dismantled the Berlin/Brandenberg border wall, completing the job in November 1991. Painted wall segments with artistically valuable", "Berlin Wall beds\" and other defenses. The Eastern Bloc portrayed the Wall as protecting its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the \"will of the people\" in building a socialist state in East Germany. GDR authorities officially referred to the Berlin Wall as the Anti-Fascist Protection Rampart (). The West Berlin city government sometimes referred to it as the \"Wall of Shame\", a term coined by mayor Willy Brandt in reference to the Wall's restriction on freedom of movement. Along with the separate and much longer Inner German border (IGB), which demarcated the border between East and West Germany, it came", "Berlin Wall a Berlin Wall mock up. The Trabant was the East German people's car that many used to leave DDR after the collapse. The Allied Museum in the Dahlem district of Berlin hosted a number of events to mark the Twentieth Anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall. The museum held a Special Exhibition entitled \"Wall Patrol – The Western Powers and the Berlin Wall 1961–1990\" which focused on the daily patrols deployed by the Western powers to observe the situation along the Berlin Wall and the fortifications on the GDR border. A sheet of \"Americans in Berlin\" Commemorative Cinderella", "History of the Berlin U-Bahn people in West Germany who need to mobilize the construction workers of the Berlin Wall to erect a Wall. I am not aware of such an intention, because the construction workers of our capital mainly deal with the housing, and their labour is fully exploited, will be fully used. No one has the intention to build a wall\" But a few weeks later, on August 12, the SED General Secretary ordered construction of the wall around West Berlin. GDR Interior Minister Karl Maron subsequently gave instructions for changes to the Berlin U-Bahn: East Berlin only retained lines A and E.", "Embassy of the United States, Berlin gabled building was leased to the U.S. by the East Germans. The building no longer retains any of its original interior features. The exterior retains much of its original stone facade. With the fall of the Berlin wall and the unification of Berlin in 1989–1990, the U.S. State Department found itself with two main office facilities in one city: a Chancery in the former East Berlin, Mitte district (U.S. Mission to East Germany), and the Clay building in the Zehlendorf district of the former West Berlin (U.S. Mission Berlin). In accordance with the reality of a unified Berlin that was", "Berlin Wall all Russians do not know who built the Berlin Wall. Ten percent of people surveyed thought Berlin residents built it themselves. Six percent said Western powers built it and four percent thought it was a \"bilateral initiative\" of the Soviet Union and the West. Fifty-eight percent said they did not know who built it, with just 24 percent correctly naming the Soviet Union and its then-communist ally East Germany. Not all segments of the Wall were ground up as the Wall was being torn down. Many segments have been given to various institutions in the world. They can be found,", "Berlin Customs Wall Berlin Customs Wall The Berlin Customs Wall (German: \"Berliner Zoll- und Akzisemauer\" literally \"Berlin customs and excise wall\" ) was a ring wall around the historic city of Berlin, between 1737 and 1860; the wall itself had no defence function but was used to facilitate the levying of taxes on the import and export of goods (tariffs) which was the primary income of many cities at the time. The wall was erected after the old Berlin Fortress was demolished in 1734; the walls of the latter had already started to crumble and its military function was questionable. Frederick William I", "The Berlin Wall (video game) The Berlin Wall (video game) The Berlin Wall (also known as ) is a platform arcade game released by Kaneko in 1991. The player takes control of a boy who must use his hammer to break the blocks that form part of the platform levels that form each stage. These holes act as traps for the many patrolling monsters and once one has fallen into a hole, the player may then use the hammer on the monster to make it fall through the hole and down to the platform below - causing it to change into fruit or power-ups, which", "Berlin Wall to Berlin for 2010. An international project called \"Mauerreise\" (Journey of the Wall) took place in various countries. Twenty symbolic Wall bricks were sent from Berlin starting in May 2009, with the destinations being Korea, Cyprus, Yemen, and other places where everyday life is characterised by division and border experience. In these places, the bricks will become a blank canvas for artists, intellectuals and young people to tackle the \"wall\" phenomenon. To commemorate the 20th Anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall, Twinity reconstructed a true-to-scale section of the Wall in virtual Berlin. The MTV Europe Music Awards, on", "Wall of Sound (Grateful Dead) Pavilion on February 9, 1973 (every tweeter blew as the band began their first number), the Grateful Dead did not begin to tour with the full system until a year later. The completed Wall of Sound made its touring debut on March 23, 1974, at the Cow Palace in Daly City, California. A recording of the performance was released in 2002 as \"Dick's Picks Volume 24\". As Stanley described it,\"The Wall of Sound is the name some people gave to a super powerful, extremely accurate PA system that I designed and supervised the building of in 1973 for the Grateful", "The Berlin Wall (video game) can then be collected. This game bears a number of similarities to \"Space Panic\", generally considered as the first platform video game. The Berlin Wall (video game) The Berlin Wall (also known as ) is a platform arcade game released by Kaneko in 1991. The player takes control of a boy who must use his hammer to break the blocks that form part of the platform levels that form each stage. These holes act as traps for the many patrolling monsters and once one has fallen into a hole, the player may then use the hammer on the monster to", "Berlin Wall 5 November, had U2 and Tokio Hotel perform songs dedicated to, and about the Berlin Wall. U2 performed at the Brandenburg Gate, and Tokio Hotel performed \"World Behind My Wall\". Palestinians in the town of Kalandia, West Bank pulled down parts of the Israeli West Bank barrier, in a demonstration marking the 20th Anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall. The International Spy Museum in Washington DC hosted a Trabant car rally where 20 Trabants gathered in recognition of the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall. Rides were raffled every half-hour and a Trabant crashed through", "History of the Berlin S-Bahn Bornholmer Straße was also a ghost station, because the exits were only towards the border crossing. Because the S-Bahn was operated by the DR, West Berliners vented their frustration at the building of the wall by boycotting the S-Bahn since its fares were seen as subsidising the communist regime in the East. \"Keinen Pfennig mehr für Ulbricht,\" or \"not a penny more for Ulbricht,\" became the S-Bahn opponents' chant. Within days of the Berlin Wall being built, the BVG, with assistance from other transit companies in West Germany, began providing \"solidarity-with-Berlin buses\" – new bus services that parallelled the S-Bahn", "Berlin Customs Wall reminder of its heritage. The following streets follow the original route of the customs wall: Stresemannstraße (former \"Königgrätzer Straße\"), Marchlewskistraße, Friedenstraße, Prenzlauer Berg avenue, part of Prenzlauer Allee, Torstraße, Hannoversche Straße, Charitéstraße, part of Reinhardtstraße, and Ebertstraße. The 18 city gates and 2 river gates are still visible on the map, their names having been given to squares and streets. In clockwise order these are: Berlin Customs Wall The Berlin Customs Wall (German: \"Berliner Zoll- und Akzisemauer\" literally \"Berlin customs and excise wall\" ) was a ring wall around the historic city of Berlin, between 1737 and 1860; the wall", "Rudolf Urban (Berlin Wall victim) Berlin Wall, border guards were posted in the hallways and entrances, who checked identity documents of those entering the apartments. On the evening of August 18, five days after the erection of the Berlin Wall, the entrance door, and the escape route to West Berlin was bricked and sealed, with alternate entrances established but leading to East Berlin. According to his wife Ilse, this was the deciding factor for her husband, who was previously hesitant about leaving East Berlin. They attempted their escape the following day, accompanied by his friend and his friend's wife, Willy and Irmgard Kutzminski. They chose", "Berlin Wall that year (). Similar, very limited arrangements were made in 1964, 1965 and 1966. In 1971, with the Four Power Agreement on Berlin, agreements were reached that allowed West Berliners to apply for visas to enter East Berlin and East Germany regularly, comparable to the regulations already in force for West Germans. However, East German authorities could still refuse entry permits. East Berliners and East Germans could not, at first, travel to West Berlin or West Germany at all. This regulation remained in force essentially until the fall of the Wall, but over the years several exceptions to these rules", "Berlin Wall for instance, in presidential and historical museums, lobbies of hotels and corporations, at universities and government buildings, and in public spaces in different countries of the world. On 13 August 2011, Germany marked the 50th anniversary of East Germany beginning the erection of the Berlin Wall. Chancellor Angela Merkel joined with President Christian Wulff and Berlin Mayor Klaus Wowereit at the Bernauer Straße memorial park to remember lives and liberty. Speeches extolled freedom and a minute of silence at noon honored those who died trying to flee to the West. \"It is our shared responsibility to keep the memory alive", "Wall of the Sun and Wall of the Moon Wall of the Sun and Wall of the Moon The Wall of the Sun and Wall of the Moon are a pair of murals made of ceramics and designed by the Catalan artist Joan Miró for the UNESCO building in Paris. The works were carried out by the ceramicist Josep Llorens Artigas in 1955. Initially, the walls were installed on the Place de Fontenoy in Paris, but afterwards were enclosed in a building that was constructed in order to protect them from damage caused by acid rain. Joan Miró and Josep Llorens Artigas met in 1910 at the school of", "Wall of the Sun and Wall of the Moon \"Moon\". The two mosaic murals were assembled \"in situ\" by a team of technicians under the direct supervision of Miró and Llorens Artigas. The works were inaugurated in 1958, as same as the building, and received rave reviews. Even one of the murals, the \"Wall of the Sun\" won the Biennial Prize of Guggenheim Foundation. Miró later return to work for UNESCO, designing the UNESCO Medal for Pablo Picasso. Initially, the walls were outdoors, but later moved inside the building to protect them from damage caused by acid rain. Wall of the Sun and Wall of the Moon The Wall", "Berlin Wall Day. On 9 November 2009, Berlin celebrated the 20th Anniversary of the Fall of the Berlin Wall with a \"Festival of Freedom\" with dignitaries from around the world in attendance for an evening celebration around the Brandenburg Gate. A high point was when over 1,000 colourfully designed foam domino tiles, each over tall, that were stacked along the former route of the Wall in the city center were toppled in stages, converging in front of the Brandenburg Gate. A Berlin Twitter Wall was set up to allow Twitter users to post messages commemorating the 20th anniversary. The Chinese government quickly", "Berlin Wall \"Our lives have lost their spirit...we can do nothing to stop them.\" On 6 June 1987, David Bowie, who earlier for several years lived and recorded in West Berlin, played a concert close to the Wall. This was attended by thousands of Eastern concertgoers across the Wall, followed by violent rioting in East Berlin. According to Tobias Ruther, these protests in East Berlin were the first in the sequence of riots that led to those of November 1989. Although other factors were probably more influential in the fall of the Wall, on his death, the German Foreign Office tweeted \"Good-bye,", "Berlin Wall surviving fragments of the Wall in Berlin and elsewhere around the world are generally pieces of the fourth-generation Wall. The layout came to resemble the inner German border in most technical aspects, except that the Berlin Wall had no landmines nor spring-guns. Maintenance was performed on the outside of the wall by personnel who accessed the area outside it either via ladders or via hidden doors within the wall. These doors could not be opened by a single person, needing two separate keys in two separate keyholes to unlock. As was the case with the inner German border, an unfortified", "Berlin Wall expected the Soviet sector to be sealed off from West Berlin, but were surprised by how long the East Germans took for such a move. They considered the Wall as an end to concerns about a GDR/Soviet retaking or capture of the whole of Berlin; the Wall would presumably have been an unnecessary project if such plans were afloat. Thus they concluded that the possibility of a Soviet military conflict over Berlin had decreased. The East German government claimed that the Wall was an \"anti-fascist protective rampart\" () intended to dissuade aggression from the West. Another official justification was the", "Berlin Wall stamps designed by T.H.E. Hill, the author of , was presented to the Museum by David Guerra, Berlin veteran and webmaster of the site www.berlinbrigade.com. The stamps splendidly illustrate that even twenty years on, veterans of service in Berlin still regard their service there as one of the high points of their lives. Little is left of the Wall at its original site, which was destroyed almost in its entirety. Three long sections are still standing: an piece of the first (westernmost) wall at the Topography of Terror, site of the former Gestapo headquarters, halfway between Checkpoint Charlie and Potsdamer", "Berlin Wall of the Wall; the governments later used industrial equipment to remove most of what was left. The \"fall of the Berlin Wall\" paved the way for German reunification, which formally took place on 3 October 1990. After the end of World War II in Europe, what remained of pre-war Germany west of the Oder-Neisse line was divided into four occupation zones (as per the Potsdam Agreement), each one controlled by one of the four occupying Allied powers: the United States, the United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union. The capital of Berlin, as the seat of the Allied Control Council,", "Berlin Wall 22 months after the erection of the Berlin Wall, U.S. President John F. Kennedy visited West Berlin. Speaking from a platform erected on the steps of Rathaus Schöneberg for an audience of 450,000 he declared in his \"Ich bin ein Berliner\" speech the support of the United States for West Germany and the people of West Berlin in particular: The message was aimed as much at the Soviets as it was at Berliners and was a clear statement of U.S. policy in the wake of the construction of the Berlin Wall. The speech is considered one of Kennedy's best, both", "Berlin Wall vacationing in his yacht off the Kennedy Compound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts. While Kennedy was angry that he had no advance warning, he was relieved that the East Germans and the Soviets had only divided Berlin without taking any action against West Berlin's access to the West. However, he denounced the Berlin Wall, whose erection worsened the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. In response to the erection of the Berlin Wall, a retired general, Lucius D. Clay, was appointed by Kennedy as his special advisor and sent to Berlin with ambassadorial rank. Clay had been the", "Berlin Customs Wall thus turning Berlin into a central transport hub for Prussia and the German Customs Union. With the rise of Berlin, new suburbs were built outside the Customs Wall, which increasingly became a hindrance to the continued development of the city. In 1860 the Customs Wall was removed and on 1 January 1861 Berlin amalgamated its suburbs resulting in a doubling of the city's population. The remaining walls were demolished for the most part between 1867 and 1870 - including most of the gates. Only some imposing gates were kept, the Brandenburg Gate being the only one to be rebuilt after", "Berlin Wall Monument (Chicago) Berlin Wall Monument (Chicago) The Berlin Wall Monument in Chicago is an exhibit on display at the Western Brown Line CTA station. The monument contains a large segment of the Berlin Wall and a plaque describing its dedication to the city. The Berlin Wall represented one of the great political, economic, and ideological divides of the twentieth century between two major powers: the United States and the Soviet Union. \"See Also: World War II, The Cold War, Berlin Wall\" World War II affected many countries, Germany in particular. After the years of total war, the Nazi regime in Germany finally", "Berlin Wall Monument (Chicago) described the effects of the wall and its ultimate fall by arguing that \"It became the landmark that symbolized the Cold War… the Berlin Wall also left a lasting impression on the psyche of the German people\". She further argues that The Berlin Wall \"provides a salient and powerful example of how material culture intersects with knowledge production in the psychological sciences\". Since the fall of the Berlin Wall on 9 November 1989, fragments of the Berlin Wall have been donated to various cities in the world. Chicago was offered a piece of the wall in 2008 by the German", "Berlin Wall the Allied forces, were authorized to use all designated transit routes through East Germany to and from West Berlin. Regarding travel to East Berlin, such persons could also use the Friedrichstraße train station to enter and exit the city, in addition to Checkpoint Charlie. In these instances, such travelers, unlike Allied personnel, had to submit to East German border controls. During the years of the Wall, around 5,000 people successfully defected to West Berlin. The number of people who died trying to cross the Wall, or as a result of the Wall's existence, has been disputed. The most vocal claims", "Berlin Wall shut down access to the Twitter Wall after masses of Chinese users began using it to protest the Great Firewall of China. In the United States, the German Embassy coordinated a public diplomacy campaign with the motto \"Freedom Without Walls\", to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall. The campaign was focused on promoting awareness of the fall of the Berlin Wall among current college students. Students at over 30 universities participated in \"Freedom Without Walls\" events in late 2009. First place winner of the Freedom Without Walls Speaking Contest Robert Cannon received a free trip", "Embassy of the United Kingdom, Berlin Embassy of the United Kingdom, Berlin The British Embassy in Berlin () is the United Kingdom's diplomatic mission to Germany. It is located on 70-71 Wilhelmstraße, near the Hotel Adlon, in Berlin. The current ambassador is Sir Sebastian Wood. Before moving to the Wilhelmstraße the British mission used, among others, the Building Leipziger Platz 12 and the Dutch Palace (), this from 1797 to 1803. The original building at 70 Wilhelmstraße, known as the Palais Strousberg and designed by August Orth, was built in 1868 by the railway magnate Bethel Henry Strousberg. In December 1884 the United Kingdom bought the", "Embassy of the United Kingdom, Berlin translated from the German Wikipedia article . That article contains the following references:- Embassy of the United Kingdom, Berlin The British Embassy in Berlin () is the United Kingdom's diplomatic mission to Germany. It is located on 70-71 Wilhelmstraße, near the Hotel Adlon, in Berlin. The current ambassador is Sir Sebastian Wood. Before moving to the Wilhelmstraße the British mission used, among others, the Building Leipziger Platz 12 and the Dutch Palace (), this from 1797 to 1803. The original building at 70 Wilhelmstraße, known as the Palais Strousberg and designed by August Orth, was built in 1868 by the", "Berlin Wall Platz; a longer section of the second (easternmost) wall along the Spree River near the Oberbaumbrücke, nicknamed East Side Gallery; and a third section that is partly reconstructed, in the north at Bernauer Straße, which was turned into a memorial in 1999. Other isolated fragments, lampposts, other elements, and a few watchtowers also remain in various parts of the city. Nothing still accurately represents the Wall's original appearance better than a very short stretch at Bernauer Straße associated with the Berlin Wall Documentation Center. Other remnants are badly damaged by souvenir seekers. Fragments of the Wall were taken and some", "Berlin Wall Monument (Chicago) diplomat and chargé d'affaires to Germany, . It is one of two fragments of the wall on display in Illinois; the other is in the Ronald Reagan Peace Garden at Eureka College in Eureka, Illinois. The wall segment is visible on both sides. The side that originally faced West Germany contains sprayed graffiti and messages from the time the wall was standing; the side that faced East Germany, on the other hand, is entirely blank. It is simple to tell which side faced West Berlin and which side faced East Berlin. The former has graffiti and the latter is bare.", "Berlin Wall travel more freely than Westerners. On 13 June 1990, the East German military officially began dismantling the Wall, beginning in Bernauer Straße and around the Mitte district. From there, demolition continued through Prenzlauer Berg/Gesundbrunnen, Helligensee and throughout the city of Berlin until that December 1990. According to estimates by the border troops, a total of around 1.7 million tonnes of building rubble was produced by the demolition. Unofficially, the demolition of the Bornholmer Straße began because of construction work on the railway. This involved a total of 300 GDR border guards and - after 3 October 1990 - 600 Pioneers", "Berlin Wall Monument (Chicago) long, bitter conflict. The monument also contains a plaque describing the dedication and reasoning behind why the wall fragment was donated. The inscription reads: The inscription contains affirmations of acceptance from many representative individuals and businesses of both Chicago and Germany at the time including Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley, Mayor of Berlin Klaus Wowereit, German Consul General Wolfgang Droutz, Lufthansa, and the Chicago Transit Authority. Berlin Wall Monument (Chicago) The Berlin Wall Monument in Chicago is an exhibit on display at the Western Brown Line CTA station. The monument contains a large segment of the Berlin Wall and a", "Berlin Wall David Bowie. You are now among #Heroes. Thank you for helping to bring down the #wall.\" On 19 July 1988, 16 months before the Wall came down, Bruce Springsteen and the E-Street Band, played Rocking the Wall, a live concert in East Berlin, which was attended by 300,000 in person and broadcast delayed on television. Springsteen spoke to the crowd in German, saying: \"I'm not here for or against any government. I've come to play rock 'n' roll for you in the hope that one day all the barriers will be torn down\". East Germany and its FDJ youth organization", "The Wall (1962 film) The Wall (1962 film) The Wall is a 1962 American propaganda film directed by Walter de Hoog about the erection of the Berlin Wall. The documentary begins with a group of German children playing football in a street bordering the Berlin Wall. In the course of the game, the ball is kicked over to the other side. Using raw footage, the film chronicles the erection of the wall, civilian efforts to communicate with and assist East German escapees, and efforts by GDR border guards to thwart them. Shot in the first year after the wall was built, the film was", "History of the Great Wall of China 30,000 settler families to colonize the newly conquered territories. Wall configurations were changed to reflect the new borders under the Qin. General Meng Tian erected walls beyond the northern loop of the Yellow River, effectively linking the border walls of Qin, Zhao, and Yan. Concurrent to the building of the frontier wall was the destruction of the walls within China that used to divide one warring state from another—contrary to the outer walls, which were built to stabilize the newly united China, the inner walls threatened the unity of the empire. In the following year, 214BC, Qin Shi Huang ordered", "Berlin Wall 136 to more than 200 in and around Berlin. In 1989 a series of revolutions in nearby Eastern Bloc countries—Poland and Hungary in particular—caused a chain reaction in East Germany that ultimately resulted in the demise of the Wall. After several weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on 9 November 1989 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany and West Berlin. Crowds of East Germans crossed and climbed onto the Wall, joined by West Germans on the other side in a celebratory atmosphere. Over the next few weeks, euphoric people and souvenir hunters chipped away parts", "Berlin Wall no cover; and, most importantly, it offered clear fields of fire for the Wall guards. Through the years, the Berlin Wall evolved through four versions: The \"fourth-generation Wall\", known officially as \"\" (retaining wall element UL 12.11), was the final and most sophisticated version of the Wall. Begun in 1975 and completed about 1980, it was constructed from 45,000 separate sections of reinforced concrete, each high and wide, and cost DDM16,155,000 or about US$3,638,000. The concrete provisions added to this version of the Wall were done to prevent escapees from driving their cars through the barricades. At strategic points, the", "Berlin Wall activities of Western agents in Eastern Europe. The Eastern German government also claimed that West Berliners were buying out state-subsidized goods in East Berlin. East Germans and others greeted such statements with skepticism, as most of the time, the border was only closed for citizens of East Germany traveling to the West, but not for residents of West Berlin travelling to the East. The construction of the Wall had caused considerable hardship to families divided by it. Most people believed that the Wall was mainly a means of preventing the citizens of East Germany from entering or fleeing to West", "Berlin Wall but under the registration D-EWOH. If an escapee was wounded in a crossing attempt and lay on the death strip, no matter how close they were to the Western wall, Westerners could not intervene for fear of triggering engaging fire from the 'Grepos', the East Berlin border guards. The guards often let fugitives bleed to death in the middle of this ground, as in the most notorious failed attempt, that of Peter Fechter (aged 18). He was shot and bled to death, in full view of the Western media, on 17 August 1962. Fechter's death created negative publicity worldwide that", "Berlin Wall youngsters. Another border crossing to the south may have been opened earlier. An account by Heinz Schäfer indicates that he also acted independently and ordered the opening of the gate at Waltersdorf-Rudow a couple of hours earlier. This may explain reports of East Berliners appearing in West Berlin earlier than the opening of the Bornholmer Straße border crossing. The fall of the Berlin Wall () began the evening of 9 November 1989 and continued over the following days and weeks, with people nicknamed (wall woodpeckers) using various tools to chip off souvenirs, demolishing lengthy parts in the process, and creating", "Berlin Wall near Potsdamer Platz where the stretch of both walls is marked, giving visitors an impression of the dimension of the barrier system. After the fall of Berlin Wall, there were initiatives that they want to preserve the death strip walkways and redevelop it into a hiking and cycling area, known as Berliner Mauerweg. It is part of the initiative by Berlin Senate since 2005. For many years after reunification, people in Germany talked about cultural differences between East and West Germans (colloquially \"Ossis\" and \"Wessis\"), sometimes described as \"Mauer im Kopf\" (The wall in the head). A September 2004 poll", "Berlin Wall was a deep anxiety over prospects for a reunified Germany. In September 1989, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher pleaded with Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev not to let the Berlin Wall fall and confided that she wanted the Soviet leader to do what he could to stop it. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, French President François Mitterrand warned Thatcher that a unified Germany could make more ground than Adolf Hitler ever had and that Europe would have to bear the consequences. On 21 November 1989, Crosby, Stills & Nash performed the song \"Chippin' Away\" from Graham Nash's 1986 solo", "Berlin Wall Noir has reported having often been pursued there by East German soldiers. While some graffiti artists were chased off the outer strip, others, such as Keith Haring, were seemingly tolerated. Besides the sector-sector boundary within Berlin itself, the Wall also separated West Berlin from the present-day state of Brandenburg. The following present-day municipalities, listed in counter-clockwise direction, share a border with former West Berlin: There were nine border crossings between East and West Berlin. These allowed visits by West Berliners, other West Germans, Western foreigners and Allied personnel into East Berlin, as well as visits by GDR citizens and citizens", "Berlin Wall was also possible by railway (four routes) and by boat for commercial shipping via canals and rivers. Non-German Westerners could cross the border at Friedrichstraße station in East Berlin and at Checkpoint Charlie. When the Wall was erected, Berlin's complex public transit networks, the S-Bahn and U-Bahn, were divided with it. Some lines were cut in half; many stations were shut down. Three western lines traveled through brief sections of East Berlin territory, passing through eastern stations (called \",\" or ghost stations) without stopping. Both the eastern and western networks converged at , which became a major crossing point for", "History of the Great Wall of China agreed upon as an acceptable compromise the 1470s. Yu Zijun (余子俊; 14291489) first proposed constructing a wall in the Ordos region in August 1471, but not until 20December 1472 did the court and emperor approve the plan. The 1473 victory in the Battle of Red Salt Lake (紅鹽池) by Wang Yue (王越) deterred Mongol invasions long enough for Yu Zijun to complete his wall project in 1474. This wall, a combined effort between Yu Zijun and Wang Yue, stretched from present day Hengcheng (橫城) in Lingwu (northwestern Ningxia province) to Huamachi town (花馬池鎮) in Yanchi County, and from there to", "Women of the Wall and urged Reform congregations to \"express solidarity with the Women of the Wall in appropriate ways.\" Recently, a number of non-Orthodox gatherings and services have been held publicly in America in solidarity with the Women of the Wall. Within the Reform movement, WOW has faced both support and criticism. Rabbi Gilad Kariv, who is considered the leader of the Reform movement in Israel, argued that WOW's request of 11 hours a year did not indicate an urgency that required a change in policy, but he came to support WOW's goals because they align with the Reform movement's opposition to the", "Palace of the Republic, Berlin and the state gala on the eve of the 40th (and final) anniversary of the German Democratic Republic in October 1989, at which Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev was present. The shell of the building was opened for visitors in mid-2003, and a pressure group campaigned for temporary use of the building for cultural events until its eventual demolition. Beginning in early 2004, the building was used for events such as housing an exhibition of the Terracotta Army and a special concert by the famous Berlin-based band Einstürzende Neubauten. The Palast had many nicknames in the Springer press in West Berlin", "Women of the Wall \"custom of the place\" was to be permitted and that \"the sensitivities of other worshippers\" must not be offended. The Women of the Wall then petitioned the Supreme Court to recognize their right to pray at the Wall. A temporary ruling was given which stated that the \"status quo\" should be enforced until they reached a final verdict. The legal battles between the High Court of Justice and the Women of the Wall continued between 1995 and 2000. The Israeli government did not uphold the position that they would find a way for the Women of the Wall to pray,", "Architecture in Berlin Brandenburg Gate is an iconic landmark of Berlin and Germany which appears on Germany's euro coins (10-cent, 20-cent and 50-cent). The Reichstag building is the traditional seat of the German Parliament, which was renovated during the 1950s after severe World War II damage. The building was again remodeled by British architect Norman Foster during the 1990s and features a glass dome over the session area, which allows free public access to parliamentary proceedings and a view of the city. Potsdamer Platz is a quarter built after 1995, following the demolition of the Berlin Wall. To the west is the Kulturforum,", "History of the Great Wall of China but Yu's political enemies harped on the cost overruns and forced Yu to scrap the project and retire the same year. For more than 50 years after Yu's resignation, political struggle prevented major wall constructions on a scale comparable to Yu's Ordos project. However, wall construction continued regardless of court politics during this time. The Ordos walls underwent extension, elaboration, and repair well into the 16th century. Brick and stone started to replace tamped earth as the wall building material, because they offered better protection and durability. This change in material gave rise to a number of necessary accommodations with", "Berlin Crisis of 1961 status required the allowance of free travel between zones and forbade the presence of German troops in Berlin. The East German government began stockpiling building materials for the erection of the Berlin Wall; this activity was widely known, but only a small circle of Soviet and East German planners believed that East Germans were aware of the purpose. This material included enough barbed wire to enclose the 156 km (97 mi) circumference of West Berlin. The regime managed to avoid suspicion by spreading out the purchases of barbed wire among several East German companies, which in turn spread their orders", "Berlin Wall Germany proper. A huge no man's land was cleared to provide a clear line of fire at fleeing refugees. With the closing of the East-West sector boundary in Berlin, the vast majority of East Germans could no longer travel or emigrate to West Germany. Berlin soon went from being the easiest place to make an unauthorized crossing between East and West Germany to being the most difficult. Many families were split, while East Berliners employed in the West were cut off from their jobs. West Berlin became an isolated exclave in a hostile land. West Berliners demonstrated against the Wall,", "The Westin Grand Berlin glass dome modeled on the one in the former Kaisergalerie. The East German government hired the Japanese Kajima Corporation to manage the building of the 200 million mark structure, and Kajima in turn subcontracted the construction work to the Swedish Siab construction company. The hotel was opened as the Grand Hotel Berlin on August 1, 1987 by East German leader Erich Honecker as part of the city-wide celebrations of the 750th anniversary of the founding of Berlin. It was only open to foreign guests, as it did not accept East German Marks, only Western hard currencies. Following German unification in", "Berlin Wall same year, suggests that the initiative for the construction of the Wall came from Khrushchev. However, other sources suggest that Khrushchev had initially been wary about building a wall, fearing negative Western reaction. What is beyond dispute, though, is that Ulbricht had pushed for a border closure for quite some time, arguing that East Germany's very existence was at stake. Khrushchev had become emboldened upon seeing US President John F. Kennedy's youth and inexperience show as weakness against Khrushchev's brutal, undiplomatic aggression. This feeling of miscalculation and failure is admitted by Kennedy in the U.S. ambassador's residence with \"New York", "Geography of Berlin of the Berlin Wall. It is the largest remaining evidence of the city's historical division and the inauguration of its restoration occurred in November 2009; the restoration project cost the Berlin city government more than €2 million. Berlin's Brandenburg Gate is an iconic landmark of Germany and appears on Germany's euro coins (10 cent, 20 cent, and 50 cent). The Reichstag building is the traditional seat of the German Parliament, renovated in the 1950s after severe damage sustained during World War II. The building was again remodeled by British architect, Sir Norman Foster, in 1999, and features a glass dome", "The Guns of August which she documented 48 years later. The book was the basis for a 1964 documentary film, also titled \"The Guns of August\". The 99 minute film, which premiered in New York City on December 24, 1964, was produced and directed by Nathan Kroll and narrated by Fritz Weaver, with the narration written by Arthur B. Tourtellot. It used film footage found in government archives in Paris, London, Brussels, Berlin, and Washington, D. C.. Informational notes Citations The Guns of August The Guns of August (1962), also published as \"August 1914\", is a volume of history by Barbara W. Tuchman. It", "The Wall – Live in Berlin significantly under projections, and the trading arm of the charity (Operation Dinghy) incurred heavy losses. A few years later, the charity was wound up, and the audio and video sales rights from the concert performance returned to Waters. The production was designed by Mark Fisher and Jonathan Park. The stage design featured a and wall. Most of the wall was built before the show and the rest was built progressively through the first part of the show. The wall was then knocked down at the end of the show. Initially, Waters tried to get guest musicians like Peter Gabriel, Bruce", "Embassy of the United States, Berlin with most other western states, decided to grant diplomatic recognition to East Germany. However, this recognition did not extend to recognizing East Berlin as part of the GDR or its capital. The treaties establishing the U.S. Embassy in East Berlin referred only to East Germany's \"seat of government.\" Since 1977, the facility was located at Neustädtische Kirchstrasse 4-5, several blocks from the former Palais Blücher site in the Mitte district. The embassy building was built in the late 19th century as a club for Prussian officers, and after World War I became the home to a craft guild. This five-storey," ]

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[ "Stomper the Maverick Stomper the Maverick is the mascot for the Minnesota State Mavericks athletics teams of the Minnesota State University, Mankato and the associated club teams and charities. During the year, Stomper makes over 250 appearances and is at virtually all home games for University teams as well as regional and charity fund raisers.", "Minnesota State Mavericks The athletic teams of Minnesota State University, Mankato are known as the Minnesota State Mavericks. More than 600 students participate each year in athletics for the university. Most of the university's athletic teams compete at the NCAA Division II level in the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference (NSIC). The men's and women's ice hockey teams compete at the Division I level in the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA). Minnesota State began competition in the NSIC in 2008-09, due to the dissolution of the North Central Conference." ]

[ "Sitting Bull Trophy The Sitting Bull Trophy is the name of the rivalry trophy that was awarded to the winner of the annual football game between the University of North Dakota Fighting Hawks (formerly the North Dakota Fighting Sioux) and the University of South Dakota Coyotes. The rivalry stems from the time the two teams spent competing together in the North Central Conference (1922–2007) and later in the Great West Conference (2008–2011).", "Central Oklahoma Bronchos football The Central Oklahoma Bronchos football team represents the University of Central Oklahoma (UCO) in college football. The team is a member of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association (MIAA), which is in Division II of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The UCO Bronchos football program began in 1902 and has since compiled 600 wins, two national championships, and 26 conference championships. As of 2011, the Bronchos were ranked third in NCAA Division II for total wins and ranked 12th in winning percentage (0.621). In 1962, the Bronchos went 11–0 on the season and defeated Lenoir–Rhyne University (NC) 28–13 in the Camellia Bowl to claim its first NAIA national championship. Twenty years later, Central Oklahoma defended its home turf and defeated Colorado Mesa University (then Mesa State College) 14–11 in the NAIA national championship game to take its second title and finish the season with a 10–2 record.", "Houston Baptist Huskies Houston Baptist Huskies, also known as Houston Baptist, HBU or Huskies, refers to the sports teams of Houston Baptist University. HBU's official school colors are royal blue and orange. With the inception of the athletics program at the university in 1960 until 1990 the Huskies were a part of the NCAA. After playing for seventeen years as a member of the NAIA, the Huskies began play as an NCAA Division I team again in 2007 and became a full member of the NCAA for the 2011–12 academic year.", "Cal State San Bernardino Coyotes The Cal State San Bernardino Coyotes are the men's and women's intercollegiate athletic squads of California State University, San Bernardino. The team was established in 1984. The program offers men's and women's basketball and soccer, men's golf and baseball and women's softball, tennis, cross country, water polo, volleyball and consisting of cheer and song the Coyote Spirit Squad. The school's athletic mascot is the Coyote and the school colors are blue and black.", "Texas–Arlington Mavericks football The Texas–Arlington Mavericks football team represented the University of Texas at Arlington from the 1959 through 1985 season. Between 1919 through 1958, UTA competed as a junior college prior to moving to Division II in 1959 and ultimately Division I in 1971. UTA played its home games at multiple stadiums throughout their history with the most recent being Maverick Stadium, in Arlington, Texas.", "San Antonio Riders The San Antonio Riders were a professional American football team that played in the WLAF in 1991 and 1992. The team played at Alamo Stadium in San Antonio in 1991 and then were forced to move to Bobcat Stadium on the campus of Southwest Texas State University (now Texas State University) in San Marcos, Texas, 45 miles northeast of San Antonio, for the 1992 season after the San Antonio Independent School District refused to allow the sale of beer at WLAF games or the display of beer advertising at Alamo Stadium. In return, Riders ownership scrapped plans to fund $235,000 in renovations to the Stadium. In June 1991, SAISD officials announced plans for a rent increase on the Riders for the 1992 season. The relationship would last for only one season.", "Oregon Ducks The Oregon Ducks are the athletic teams that represent the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon. The Ducks compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level as a member of the Pac-12 Conference. With eighteen varsity teams, Oregon is best known for its American football team and track and field program, which has helped Eugene gain a reputation as \"Track Town, USA\". Oregon's main rivalries are with the Oregon State Beavers (the Civil War) and the Washington Huskies.", "Texas A&amp;M Aggies Texas A&M Aggies (variously A&M or Texas Aggies) refers to the students, graduates, and sports teams of Texas A&M University. The nickname \"Aggie\" was once common at land-grant or \"Ag\" (agriculture) schools in many states. The teams compete in Division I of NCAA sports. Texas A&M was a charter member of the Southwest Conference until its dissolution and subsequent formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996. The Aggies competed in the Big 12 until joining the Southeastern Conference (SEC) on July 1, 2012. Texas A&M's official school colors are maroon and white. The teams are referred to as Aggies and the mascot is a Rough Collie named Reveille.", "Los Angeles Charger Girls The Los Angeles Charger Girls are the official cheerleading squad of the National Football League team Los Angeles Chargers. The Charger Girls perform a variety of dance routines during home games. The squad was founded in 1990, and is managed by e2k Event and Entertainment, which also manages the Los Angeles Clippers, Sacramento Kings, and San Francisco 49ers Gold Rush dance teams. Members serve as ambassadors for the Chargers. The squad also makes non-game appearances. The group releases an annual swimsuit calendar. The group also has a \"Junior Charger Girls\" squad, with each performer being required to raise $175 in sponsor funds, with the funds going straight to the Make-A-Wish Foundation and Chargers Community Foundation.", "Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball The Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball program is the intercollegiate men's basketball program of the University of Kansas. It is one of the oldest and is one of the most successful programs in the history of basketball. The program is classified in the NCAA's Division I and the team competes in the Big 12 Conference.", "Bradley Braves The Bradley Braves are the intercollegiate athletics teams of Bradley University, located in Peoria, Illinois, United States. The Braves' athletic program is a member of the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) and competes at the NCAA Division I level. The Bradley mascot is Kaboom! the Gargoyle, and the school colors are red and white.", "Buzz and Boomer Buzz and Boomer are the official mascots of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers.", "Houston Cougars Houston Cougars are the athletic teams that represent the University of Houston. Informally, the Houston Cougars have also been referred to as the Coogs, UH, or simply Houston. Houston's nickname was created by early physical education instructor of the university and former head football coach of the Washington State Cougars John R. Bender, as he had grown fond of the name during his time there. The teams compete in the NCAA's Division I and the Football Bowl Subdivision as members of the American Athletic Conference.", "Concordia Golden Bears The Concordia Golden Bears are the athletic teams that represent Concordia University, located in St. Paul, Minnesota, in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports. The Golden Bears compete as members of the Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference for all 13 varsity sports.", "Ottawa Sooners The Ottawa Sooners are a Canadian football team based in Ottawa. The team plays in the Ontario Football Conference of the Canadian Junior Football League. The team had achieved success during its play in the CJFL, winning a total of 4 National Championships (1974, 1979, 1984 and 1992). After 35 years of competition (1960–1995) in the CJFL, the Sooners moved to the Quebec Junior Football League for the beginning of the 1996 season. There, the Sooners would win 3 Manson Cup Championships (1997, 2001 and 2002). The Sooners rejoined the CJFL for the start of the 2009 season. The Sooners have a long history in the city of Ottawa, and while playing in the QJFL they had developed a good rivalry with the now defunct Ottawa Junior Riders. The Sooners are now the only junior football club in Ottawa.", "Manchester United F.C. mascots This is a chronological list of Manchester United F.C mascots from their foundation as Newton Heath F.C. in 1878. The current club mascot is \"Fred the Red\", an anthropomorphic \"Red Devil\", after the club's nickname, the Red Devils.", "Minnesota State University Marching Band The Minnesota State University Marching Band (also known as The Maverick Machine) is the marching band of Minnesota State University, Mankato. The band generates enthusiasm and excitement by promoting school spirit and morale. The group performs at home football, hockey, and basketball events. The Maverick Machine consists of five ensembles including the marching band, drumline, color guard, pep band, and the indoor winds, the first collegiate WGI winds group in Minnesota.", "Green Bay Packers The Green Bay Packers is a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's National Football Conference (NFC) North division. It is the third-oldest franchise in the NFL, dating back to 1919, and is the only non-profit, community-owned major league professional sports team based in the United States. Home games have been played at Lambeau Field since 1957.", "Mr. Red Mr. Red is the first mascot of the Cincinnati Reds baseball team. He is a humanoid figure dressed in a Reds uniform, with an oversized baseball for a head. Sometimes, Mr. Red is referred to by the team as \"The Running Man\" for the way he has posed on the logo c. 1968.", "Ohio State Buckeyes football The Ohio State Buckeyes football team is a college football team that competes as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, representing The Ohio State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference. Ohio State has played their home games at Ohio Stadium in Columbus, Ohio since 1922." ]

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[ "The narrative includes a store owner and a rabbi." ]

[ "The narrative is full of dull Southern characters.", "I know I'm supposed to feel bad about my performance.", "He's in a major predicament if he starts bombing Israel.", "girl at home alone", "Palestine can find its own employment without Israel, and Israel has no influence on Palestine.", "Three people are painting a door.", "I will need several hours of meeting with high school students." ]

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[ "Optic nerve (which is the part within the orbit). 3. intracanicular part (which is the part within a bony canal known as the optic canal); and, 4. cranial part (the part within the cranial cavity, which ends at the optic chiasm). From the lateral geniculate body, fibers of the optic radiation pass to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe of the brain. In more specific terms, fibers carrying information from the contralateral superior visual field traverse Meyer's loop to terminate in the lingual gyrus below the calcarine fissure in the occipital lobe, and fibers carrying information from the contralateral inferior visual" ]

[ "Optic nerve Optic nerve The optic nerve, also known as cranial nerve II, or simply as CN II, is a paired nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. In humans, the optic nerve is derived from optic stalks during the seventh week of development and is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glial cells; it extends from the optic disc to the optic chiasma and continues as the optic tract to the lateral geniculate nucleus, pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus. The optic nerve is the second of twelve paired cranial nerves and is technically part of the", "Optic chiasm Optic chiasm The optic chiasm or optic chiasma (; Greek , \"crossing\", from the Greek 'to mark with an X', after the Greek letter 'Χ', \"chi\") is the part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross. The optic chiasm is located at the bottom of the brain immediately inferior to the hypothalamus. The optic chiasm is found in all vertebrates, although in cyclostomes (lampreys and hagfishes) it is located within the brain. The optic nerve fibres on the nasal sides of each retina (which correspond to the temporal side of each visual field, because the image is inverted)", "Optic tract Optic tract The optic tract (from the Latin \"tractus opticus\") is a part of the visual system in the brain. It is a continuation of the optic nerve that relays information from the optic chiasm to the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus. It is composed of two individual tracts, the left optic tract and the right optic tract, each of which conveys visual information exclusive to its respective contralateral half of the visual field. Each of these tracts is derived from a combination of temporal and nasal retinal fibers from each eye that corresponds to", "Optic radiation examination. Optic radiation The optic radiation (also known as the geniculocalcarine tract, the geniculostriate pathway, and posterior thalamic radiation) are axons from the neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus to the primary visual cortex. The optic radiation receives blood through deep branches of the middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery. They carry visual information through two divisions (called upper and lower division) to the visual cortex (also called \"striate cortex\") along the calcarine fissure. There is one such tract on each side of the brain. If a lesion only exists in one optic radiation, the consequence is called quadrantanopia,", "Optic nerve (dura, arachnoid, and pia mater) rather than the epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium found in peripheral nerves. Fiber tracts of the mammalian central nervous system (as opposed to the peripheral nervous system) are incapable of regeneration, and, hence, optic nerve damage produces irreversible blindness. The fibres from the retina run along the optic nerve to nine primary visual nuclei in the brain, from which a major relay inputs into the primary visual cortex. The optic nerve is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons and glial cells. Each human optic nerve contains between 770,000 and 1.7 million nerve fibers, which are axons", "Optic radiation Optic radiation The optic radiation (also known as the geniculocalcarine tract, the geniculostriate pathway, and posterior thalamic radiation) are axons from the neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus to the primary visual cortex. The optic radiation receives blood through deep branches of the middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery. They carry visual information through two divisions (called upper and lower division) to the visual cortex (also called \"striate cortex\") along the calcarine fissure. There is one such tract on each side of the brain. If a lesion only exists in one optic radiation, the consequence is called quadrantanopia, which", "Tegmentum eye movements, the periaqueductal gray matter, the red nucleus, the substantia nigra, and the ventral tegmental area\". The tegmentum is the location of several cranial nerve (CN) nuclei. The nuclei of CN III and IV are located in the tegmentum portion of the midbrain. The nuclei of CN V to VIII are located in the tegmentum at the level of the pons. The nuclei of CN IX, X, and XII are located in that of the medulla. In embryos, the tegmentum is the anterior half of the neural tube. However, for fetuses to adults, tegmentum refers only to the parts", "Diencephalon prosencephlon gradually divides into the telencephalon and the diencephalon. The diencephalon consists of the following structures: The optic nerve (CNII) attaches to the diencephalon. The optic nerve is a sensory (afferent) nerve responsible for vision; it runs from the eye through the optic canal in the skull and attaches to the diencephalon. The retina itself is derived from the optic cup, a part of the embryonic diencephalon. The diencephalon is the region of the embryonic vertebrate neural tube that gives rise to anterior forebrain structures including the thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior portion of the pituitary gland, and pineal gland. The diencephalon", "Optic nerve of the optic nerve terminate in the lateral geniculate nucleus from where information is relayed to the visual cortex, while other axons terminate in the pretectal nucleus and are involved in reflexive eye movements. Other axons terminate in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and are involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. Its diameter increases from about 1.6 mm within the eye to 3.5 mm in the orbit to 4.5 mm within the cranial space. The optic nerve component lengths are 1 mm in the globe, 24 mm in the orbit, 9 mm in the optic canal, and 16 mm in the cranial", "Lateral geniculate nucleus medial geniculate nucleus which deals with auditory information are both thalamic nuclei and so are present in both hemispheres. The LGN receives information directly from the ascending retinal ganglion cells via the optic tract and from the reticular activating system. Neurons of the LGN send their axons through the optic radiation, a direct pathway to the primary visual cortex. In addition, the LGN receives many strong feedback connections from the primary visual cortex. In humans as well as other mammals, the two strongest pathways linking the eye to the brain are those projecting to the dorsal part of the LGN", "Fourth ventricle the \"floor\". In the superior region of the pons is the locus coeruleus, which due to its concentration of noradrenaline has a sky blue appearance, visible (in a colour closer to teal) through the floor of the ventricle, superiorly to the superior fovea. The internal part of the facial nerve bulges into the ventricle, forming the facial colliculus, in the process of looping around the abducens nucleus within the inferior region of the Pons. The medulla oblongata is located behind the inferior portion of the \"floor\" (and continues caudally of the ventricle). Medullary striae emerge via the median sulcus and", "Parasol cell the first step in the magnocellular pathway of the visual system. They project from the retina via the optic nerve to the two most ventral layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, to the magnocellular cells. Eventually, the information these cells collect in the retina is sent to various parts of the visual cortex, including the posterior parietal cortex and area V5 through the dorsal stream, and the inferior temporal cortex and area V4 through the ventral stream. Parasol ganglion cells are located in the retina of the eyes, and make up roughly 10% of all retinal ganglion", "Optic canal Optic canal The \"optic foramen\" is the opening to the optic canal. The canal is located in the sphenoid bone; it is bounded medially by the body of the sphenoid and laterally by the lesser wing of the sphenoid. The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the chiasmatic groove (optic groove), above and behind which lies the optic chiasma; the groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery (with accompanying sympathetic nerve fibres) into the", "Optic nerve space before joining the optic chiasm. There, partial decussation occurs, and about 53% of the fibers cross to form the optic tracts. Most of these fibres terminate in the lateral geniculate body. Based on this anatomy, the optic nerve may be divided in the four parts as indicated in the image at the top of this section (this view is from above as if you were looking into the orbit after the top of the skull had been removed): 1. the optic head (which is where it begins in the eyeball (globe) with fibers from the retina; 2. orbital part", "Alpha motor neuron all cranial nerve nuclei contain α-MNs; those that do are \"motor nuclei\", while others are \"sensory nuclei\". Motor nuclei are found throughout the brainstem—medulla, pons, and midbrain—and for developmental reasons are found near the midline of the brainstem. Generally, motor nuclei found higher in the brainstem (i.e., more rostral) innervate muscles that are higher on the face. For example, the oculomotor nucleus contains α-MNs that innervate muscles of the eye, and is found in the midbrain, the most rostral brainstem component. By contrast, the hypoglossal nucleus, which contains α-MNs that innervate the tongue, is found in the medulla, the most", "Retinal ganglion cell several regions in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and mesencephalon, or midbrain. Retinal ganglion cells vary significantly in terms of their size, connections, and responses to visual stimulation but they all share the defining property of having a long axon that extends into the brain. These axons form the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic tract. A small percentage of retinal ganglion cells contribute little or nothing to vision, but are themselves photosensitive; their axons form the retinohypothalamic tract and contribute to circadian rhythms and pupillary light reflex, the resizing of the pupil. The six types of retinal neurons are bipolar cells,", "Trochlear nucleus Trochlear nucleus The nucleus of the trochlear nerve is located in the midbrain, at an intercollicular level between the superior colliculus and inferior colliculus. It is a motor nucleus, and so is located near the midline, embedded within the medial longitudinal fasciculus (see diagram at right). The oculomotor nerve and trochlear nerve are the only two cranial nerves with nuclei in the midbrain, other than the trigeminal nerve, which has a midbrain nucleus called the mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve, which functions in preserving dentition. Oddly, fibers from the trochlear nucleus cross over in the trochlear decussation of the midbrain,", "Cavernous sinus the horizontal contents from medial to lateral) The optic nerve lies just above and outside the cavernous sinus, superior and lateral to the pituitary gland on each side, and enters the orbital apex via the optic canal. It receives tributaries from: The veins of exit are to the superior and inferior petrosal sinuses as well as via the emissary veins through the foramina of the skull (mostly through foramen ovale). There are also connections with the pterygoid plexus of veins via inferior ophthalmic vein, deep facial vein and emissary veins. It is the only anatomic location in the body in", "Abducens nerve then pierces the dura mater to run between the dura and the skull through Dorello's canal. At the tip of the petrous temporal bone it makes a sharp turn forward to enter the cavernous sinus. In the cavernous sinus it runs alongside the internal carotid artery. It then enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure and innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye. The abducens nucleus is located in the pons, on the floor of the fourth ventricle, at the level of the facial colliculus. Axons from the facial nerve loop around the abducens nucleus, creating a slight", "Oculomotor nerve level of the superior colliculus in the midbrain. The third nerve nucleus is located ventral to the cerebral aqueduct, on the pre-aqueductal grey matter. The fibers from the two third nerve nuclei located laterally on either side of the cerebral aqueduct then pass through the red nucleus. From the red nucleus fibers then pass via the substantia nigra exiting through the interpeduncular fossa. On emerging from the brainstem, the nerve is invested with a sheath of pia mater, and enclosed in a prolongation from the arachnoid. It passes between the superior cerebellar (below) and posterior cerebral arteries (above), and then", "Trochlear nerve of other cranial nerves generally affect \"ipsilateral\" structures (for example, the optic nerves - cranial nerves II - innervate both eyes). The trochlear nucleus and its axons within the brainstem can be damaged by infarctions, hemorrhage, arteriovenous malformations, tumors and demyelination. Collateral damage to other structures will usually dominate the clinical picture. The fourth nerve is one of the final common pathways for cortical systems that control eye movement in general. Cortical control of eye movement (saccades, smooth pursuit, accommodation) involves conjugate gaze, not unilateral eye movement. The trochlear nerve is tested by examining the action of its muscle, the", "Trochlear nucleus located in the superior medullary velum to exit dorsally, the only cranial nerve to do so. The trochlear nerve then goes around the midbrain, and is visible coming out of the sides. Trochlear nucleus The nucleus of the trochlear nerve is located in the midbrain, at an intercollicular level between the superior colliculus and inferior colliculus. It is a motor nucleus, and so is located near the midline, embedded within the medial longitudinal fasciculus (see diagram at right). The oculomotor nerve and trochlear nerve are the only two cranial nerves with nuclei in the midbrain, other than the trigeminal nerve,", "Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy collect into the optic nerve. The optic nerve is the bundle of axons that carry the visual signals from the eye to the brain. This optic nerve must penetrate through the wall of the eye, and the hole to accommodate this is usually 20-30% larger than the nerve diameter. In some patients the optic nerve is nearly as large as the opening in the back of the eye, and the optic disc appears \"crowded\" when seen by ophthalmoscopy. A crowded disc is also referred to as a \"disc at risk\". While a risk factor, the vast majority of individuals with", "Visual system optic nerve go to the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus. These axons originate from the M, P, and K ganglion cells in the retina, see above. This parallel processing is important for reconstructing the visual world; each type of information will go through a different route to perception. Another population sends information to the superior colliculus in the midbrain, which assists in controlling eye movements (saccades) as well as other motor responses. A final population of photosensitive ganglion cells, containing melanopsin for photosensitivity, sends information via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) to the pretectum (pupillary reflex), to several structures involved", "Lateral geniculate nucleus the tectopulvinar pathway, routing primarily through the superior colliculus and thalamic pulvinar nucleus onto posterior parietal cortex and visual area MT. Layer 1, 2 Layer 3–6 Both the LGN in the right hemisphere and the LGN in the left hemisphere receive input from each eye. However, each LGN only receives information from one half of the visual field. This occurs due to axons of the ganglion cells from the inner halves of the retina (the nasal sides) decussating (crossing to the other side of the brain) through the optic chiasma (\"khiasma\" means \"cross-shaped\"). The axons of the ganglion cells from", "Optic neuropathy permanent and progressive. The optic nerve contains axons of nerve cells that emerge from the retina, leave the eye at the optic disc, and go to the visual cortex where input from the eye is processed into vision. There are 1.2 million optic nerve fibers that derive from the retinal ganglion cells of the inner retina. Optic neuropathy Optic neuropathy is damage to the optic nerve from any cause. Damage and death of these nerve cells, or neurons, leads to characteristic features of optic neuropathy. The main symptom is loss of vision, with colors appearing subtly washed out in the", "Parasympathetic nervous system in the body. The axons of presynaptic parasympathetic neurons are usually long, extending from the CNS into a ganglion that is either very close to or embedded in their target organ. As a result, the postsynaptic parasympathetic nerve fibers are very short. The oculomotor nerve is responsible for a number of parasympathetic functions related to the eye. The oculomotor PNS fibers originate in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus in the central nervous system and travel through the superior orbital fissure to synapse in the ciliary ganglion located just behind the orbit (eye). From the ciliary ganglion the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers leave via", "Orbit (anatomy) as it is often the only source of collateral blood to the brain in cases of large internal carotid infarcts, as it is a collateral pathway to the circle of Willis. In addition, there is the optic canal, which contains the optic nerve, or cranial nerve II, and is formed entirely by the lesser wing of the sphenoid, separated from the supraorbital fissure by the optic strut. Injury to any one of these structures by infection, trauma or neoplasm can cause temporary or permanent visual dysfunction, and even blindness if not promptly corrected. The orbits also protect the eye from", "Chiasmal syndrome field deficits have been observed in a small series of optic nerve sections at the optic nerve-chiasm junction. Several important structures are located adjacent to the optic chiasm. The supraclinoid branches of the internal carotid artery flank the chiasm. The cavernous sinuses are lateral and inferior to the chiasm. The frontal lobe of the brain lies above. The pituitary gland sits below in the sella turcica. The sella turcica is bound in front by the tuberculum sellae and behind by the dorsum sellae. Behind the chiasm lies the floor of the third ventricle. Lee has divided optic chiasmal syndromes into", "Development of the nervous system in humans optical vesicle (which will eventually become the optic nerve, retina and iris) forms at the basal plate of the prosencephalon. In the fifth week, the alar plate of the prosencephalon expands to form the cerebral hemispheres (the telencephalon). The basal plate becomes the diencephalon. The diencephalon, mesencephalon and rhombencephalon constitute the brain stem of the embryo. It continues to flex at the mesencephalon. The rhombencephalon folds posteriorly, which causes its alar plate to flare and form the fourth ventricle of the brain. The pons and the cerebellum form in the upper part of the rhombencephalon, whilst the medulla oblongata forms", "Chiasmal syndrome tract on the ipsilateral side. This arrangement allows the left half of the visual field to end up on the right side of the brain and the right half of the visual field to locate to the left side. The optic nerves consist of the axons from the retinal ganglion of each eye. At the chiasm, 53% of the axons from the nasal retina cross the midline to join the uncrossed temporal fibers. These nasal fibers carry information from the temporal visual field. Similarly, the temporal fibers transmit images from the nasal field. The two optic tracts, representing the right", "Optic disc drusen retinal ganglion cell axons. The optic nerve head, or optic disc is the anterior end of the nerve that is in the eye and hence is visible with an ophthalmoscope. It is located nasally and slightly inferior to the macula of the eye. There is a blind spot at the optic disc because there are no rods or cones beneath it to detect light. The central retinal artery and vein can be seen in the middle of the disc as it exits the scleral canal with the optic nerve to supply the retina. The vessels send branches out in all", "Visual acuity project to a relay station in the midbrain called the lateral geniculate nucleus, part of the thalamus, and then to the visual cortex along a collection of nerve fibers called the optic radiation. Any pathological process in the visual system, even in older humans beyond the critical period, will often cause decreases in visual acuity. Thus measuring visual acuity is a simple test in accessing the health of the eyes, the visual brain, or pathway to the brain. Any relatively sudden decrease in visual acuity is always a cause for concern. Common causes of decreases in visual acuity are cataracts", "Midbrain colliculi) - located just above the trochlear nerve - process certain auditory information. Each of the inferior colliculi sends information to the corresponding medial geniculate nucleus, with which it is directly connected. The homologous structures to the colliculi in some lower vertebrates (fish and amphibians) are called \"optic lobes\"; in those animals, they integrate sensory information from the eyes and certain auditory reflexes The cerebral aqueduct is the part of the ventricular system which links the third ventricle (rostally) with the fourth ventricle (caudally); as such it is responsible for continuing the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. The cerebral aqueduct is", "Inferior colliculus colliculi form the eminences of the corpora quadrigemina, and also part of the tectal region of the midbrain. The inferior colliculus lies caudal to its counterpart – the superior colliculus – above the trochlear nerve, and at the base of the projection of the medial geniculate nucleus and the lateral geniculate nucleus. The inferior colliculi of the midbrain are located just below the visual processing centers known as the superior colliculi. The inferior colliculus is the first place where vertically orienting data from the fusiform cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus can finally synapse with horizontally orienting data. Sound location", "Visual system in the control of circadian rhythms and sleep such as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN, the biological clock), and to the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO, a region involved in sleep regulation). A recently discovered role for photoreceptive ganglion cells is that they mediate conscious and unconscious vision – acting as rudimentary visual brightness detectors as shown in rodless coneless eyes. The optic nerves from both eyes meet and cross at the optic chiasm, at the base of the hypothalamus of the brain. At this point the information coming from both eyes is combined and then splits according to the visual field.", "Visual system eye, all the way through the optic tract to a nerve position in V1 (up to V4, i.e. the primary visual areas. After that, the visual pathway is roughly separated into a ventral and dorsal pathway). The visual cortex is the largest system in the human brain and is responsible for processing the visual image. It lies at the rear of the brain (highlighted in the image), above the cerebellum. The region that receives information directly from the LGN is called the primary visual cortex, (also called V1 and striate cortex). Visual information then flows through a cortical hierarchy. These", "Oculomotor nucleus A nearby nucleus, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus lies dorsal to the main oculomotor nucleus. It is responsible for the autonomic functions of the oculomotor nerve, including pupillary constriction and lens accommodation. Oculomotor nucleus The fibers of the oculomotor nerve arise from a nucleus in the midbrain, which lies in the gray substance of the floor of the cerebral aqueduct and extends in front of the aqueduct for a short distance into the floor of the third ventricle. From this nucleus the fibers pass forward through the tegmentum, the red nucleus, and the medial part of the substantia nigra, forming a series", "Miosis of the hormone melatonin, entrainment of the body's circadian rhythms and regulation of the size of the pupil. The retinal photoceptors convert light stimuli into electric impulses. Nerves involved in the resizing of the pupil connect to the pretectal nucleus of the high midbrain, bypassing the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex. From the pretectal nucleus neurons send axons to neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus whose visceromotor axons run along both the left and right oculomotor nerves. Visceromotor nerve axons (which constitute a portion of cranial nerve III, along with the somatomotor portion derived from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus)", "Optic nerve central nervous system, rather than the peripheral nervous system because it is derived from an out-pouching of the diencephalon (optic stalks) during embryonic development. As a consequence, the fibers of the optic nerve are covered with myelin produced by oligodendrocytes, rather than Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system, and are encased within the meninges. Peripheral neuropathies like Guillain–Barré syndrome do not affect the optic nerve. However, most typically the optic nerve is grouped with the other eleven cranial nerves and considered to be part of the peripheral nervous system. The optic nerve is ensheathed in all three meningeal layers", "Optic neuropathy or indirect injury. Direct optic nerve injuries are caused by trauma to the head or orbit that crosses normal tissue planes and disrupts the anatomy and function of the optic nerve; e.g., a bullet or forceps that physically injures the optic nerve. Indirect injuries, like blunt trauma to the forehead during a motor vehicle accident, transmit force to the optic nerve without transgressing tissue planes. This type of force causes the optic nerve to absorb excess energy at the time of impact. The most common site of injury of the optic nerve is the intracanalicular portion of the nerve. Deceleration", "Oculomotor nucleus Oculomotor nucleus The fibers of the oculomotor nerve arise from a nucleus in the midbrain, which lies in the gray substance of the floor of the cerebral aqueduct and extends in front of the aqueduct for a short distance into the floor of the third ventricle. From this nucleus the fibers pass forward through the tegmentum, the red nucleus, and the medial part of the substantia nigra, forming a series of curves with a lateral convexity, and emerge from the oculomotor sulcus on the medial side of the cerebral peduncle. The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve does not consist of", "Color vision optic chiasma: a point where the two optic nerves meet and information from the temporal (contralateral) visual field crosses to the other side of the brain. After the optic chiasma the visual tracts are referred to as the optic tracts, which enter the thalamus to synapse at the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). The lateral geniculate nucleus is divided into laminae (zones), of which there are three types: the M-laminae, consisting primarily of M-cells, the P-laminae, consisting primarily of P-cells, and the koniocellular laminae. M- and P-cells receive relatively balanced input from both L- and M-cones throughout most of the retina,", "Contralateral brain connections from the spine, the cerebellum and the pons to the thalamus are crossed. As a result, motor, somatosensory, auditory, and visual primary regions in the forebrain represent predominantly the contralateral side of the body. Two of the cranial nerves show chiasmas: the optic tract (nerve II) which originates from the eyes and inserts on the optic tectum of the midbrain, and the trochlear nerve (nerve IV) which originates in the ventral midbrain and innervates one of the six muscles that rotate the eye (superior oblique muscle). Although the forebrain of all vertebrates shows a contralateral organization, this contralaterality is", "Pupillary light reflex right. Segments 1 and 2 each includes both the retina and the optic nerve (cranial Nerve #2). Segments 3 and 4 are nerve fibers that cross from the pretectal nucleus on one side to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus on the contralateral side. Segments 5 and 6 are fibers that connect the pretectal nucleus on one side to the Edinger-Westphal nucleus on the same side. Segments Segments 3, 4, 5, and 6 are all located within a compact region within the midbrain. Segments 7 and 8 each contains parasympathetic fibers that courses from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, through the ciliary ganglion, along the", "Human brain a contralateral organisation with each hemisphere of the brain interacting primarily with one half of the body: the left side of the brain interacts with the right side of the body, and vice versa. The developmental cause for this is uncertain. Motor connections from the brain to the spinal cord, and sensory connections from the spinal cord to the brain, both cross sides in the brainstem. Visual input follows a more complex rule: the optic nerves from the two eyes come together at a point called the optic chiasm, and half of the fibres from each nerve split off to", "Brain tumor they are diagnosed. The pons in the brainstem is a specific region that consists of myelinated axons much like the spinal cord. The thalamus and hypothalamus of the diencephalon also consist of neuron and glial cell tissue with the hypophysis (pituitary gland) and pineal gland (which is glandular tissue) attached at the bottom; tumors of the pituitary and pineal gland are often benign. The medulla oblongata is at the start of the spinal cord and is composed mainly of neuron tissue enveloped in oligodendrocytes and meninges tissue. The spinal cord is made up of bundles of these axons. Glial cells", "Parietal eye parietal bones formed a part of the skull lying between the eyes in sarcopterygians and basal amphibians, but have moved further back in higher vertebrates. Likewise, in the brain of the frog, the diencephalon, from which the pineal stalk arises, appears relatively further forward, as the cerebral hemispheres are smaller but the optic lobes are far more prominent than the human mesencephalon, which is part of the brain stem. In humans the optic tract, commissure, and optic nerve bridge the substantial distance between eyes and diencephalon. Likewise the pineal stalk of \"Petromyzon\" elongates very considerably during metamorphosis. Crustaceans have a", "Optic neuritis nerve comprises axons that emerge from the retina of the eye and carry visual information to the primary visual nuclei, most of which is relayed to the occipital cortex of the brain to be processed into vision. Inflammation of the optic nerve causes loss of vision, usually because of the swelling and destruction of the myelin sheath covering the optic nerve. The most common cause is multiple sclerosis or ischemic optic neuropathy (Blood Clot). Blood Clot that supplies the optic nerve. Up to 50% of patients with MS will develop an episode of optic neuritis, and 20-30% of the time", "Retinal ganglion cell remain in the optic nerve. \"Vax1\", a transcription factor is expressed by the ventral diencephalon and glial cells in the region where the chiasm is formed, and it may also be secreted to control chiasm formation. When RGCs approach the optic chiasm, the point at which the two optic nerves meet, at the ventral diencephalon around E10-E11 in the mouse, they have to make the decision to decussate to the contralateral optic tract or remain in the ipsilateral optic tract. In the mouse, about 5% of RGCs, mostly those coming from the ventral-temporal crescent (VTc) region of the retina, will", "Retina to various visual centres of the brain through the fibres of the optic nerve. Neural signals from the rods and cones undergo processing by other neurons, whose output takes the form of action potentials in retinal ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerve. Several important features of visual perception can be traced to the retinal encoding and processing of light. In vertebrate embryonic development, the retina and the optic nerve originate as outgrowths of the developing brain, specifically the embryonic diencephalon; thus, the retina is considered part of the central nervous system (CNS) and is actually brain tissue. It", "Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy blood primarily from the pial branches of the ophthalmic artery. The optic canal, a boney tunnel leading to the brain, surrounds the most posterior part of this optic nerve segment. The anterior optic nerve receives blood primarily from the posterior ciliary arteries. The anterior optic nerve, a.k.a. the optic nerve head, is surrounded by the scleral canal, and is vulnerable to crowding of nerve fibers. The portion of the optic nerve head that is visible by looking into the eye with an ophthalmoscope is called the optic disc. At the onset of symptoms, ophthalmoscope examination can differentiate AION from PION.", "Optic canal orbital cavity. Compared to the optic nerve, the ophthalmic artery is located inferolaterally within the canal. The left and right optic canals are 25mm apart posteriorly and 30mm apart anteriorly. The canals themselves are funnel-shaped (narrowest anteriorly). Optic canal The \"optic foramen\" is the opening to the optic canal. The canal is located in the sphenoid bone; it is bounded medially by the body of the sphenoid and laterally by the lesser wing of the sphenoid. The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the", "Clivus (anatomy) the basilar artery. The pons sits on the clivus. Clivus is also used as an abbreviated term for the clivus ocularis which is the sloping inner wall of the retina as it dips into the foveola in the macula of the eye. For this reason, and to disambiguate, the clivus is sometimes referred to as the Blumenbach clivus. The abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI) tracks along the clivus during its course. Increased intracranial pressure can trap the nerve at this point and cause signs of palsy. Clivus is also the site for chordoma (a rare malignant tumour.) The clivus is", "Retinotopy visual nuclei of the brain stem (such as the superior colliculus) and thalamus (such as the lateral geniculate nucleus and the pulvinar), are organized into retinotopic maps, also called visual field maps. Areas of the visual cortex are sometimes defined by their retinotopic boundaries, using a criterion that states that each area should contain a complete map of the visual field. However, in practice the application of this criterion is in many cases difficult. Those visual areas of the brainstem and cortex that perform the first steps of processing the retinal image tend to be organized according to very precise", "Optic chiasm predatory animals requiring precise visual depth perception. (Prey animals, with laterally positioned eyes, have little binocular vision, so there is a more complete crossover of visual signals.) Beyond the optic chiasm, with crossed and uncrossed fibers, the optic nerves become optic tracts. The signals are passed on to the lateral geniculate body, in turn giving them to the occipital cortex (the outer matter of the rear brain). In Siamese cats with certain genotypes of the albino gene, this wiring is disrupted, with more of the nerve-crossing than is normal, as a number of scholars have reported. To compensate for lack", "Visual perception form): The retina in these more complex animals sends fibers (the optic nerve) to the lateral geniculate nucleus, to the primary and secondary visual cortex of the brain. Signals from the retina can also travel directly from the retina to the superior colliculus. The perception of objects and the totality of the visual scene is accomplished by the visual association cortex. The visual association cortex combines all sensory information perceived by the striate cortex which contains thousands of modules that are part of modular neural networks. The neurons in the striate cortex send axons to the extrastriate cortex, a region", "Special senses brain, from the retina upstream to central ganglia in the brain. Note that up until now much of the above paragraph could apply to octopuses, mollusks, worms, insects and things more primitive; anything with a more concentrated nervous system and better eyes than say a jellyfish. However, the following applies to mammals generally and birds (in modified form): The retina in these more complex animals sends fibers (the optic nerve) to the lateral geniculate nucleus, to the primary and secondary visual cortex of the brain. Signals from the retina can also travel directly from the retina to the superior colliculus.", "Tectum tectum toward the motor neurons, specifically the pontine nucleus. The pontine nucleus is located in the basal pons and is responsible for sharing information between the cerebrum and cerebellum (Pontine nucleus). Another example is the superficial laminae which receive input from retinal ganglion cells. In adult humans, the tectum only consists of the inferior and the superior colliculi. Both colliculi also have descending projections to the paramedian pontine reticular formation and spinal cord, and thus can be involved in responses to stimuli faster than cortical processing would allow. Collectively the colliculi are referred to as the corpora quadrigemina. The structure", "Sense of balance pupil down and depresses (towards the brain) the top of the globe). The pupil is not only directed but often rotated by these muscles. (See visual system) The thalamus and superior colliculus are connected via lateral geniculate nucleus. Superior colliculus (SC) is the topographical map for balance and quick orienting movements with primarily visual inputs. SC integrates multiple senses. Some animals have better equilibrioception than humans, for example a cat uses its inner ear and tail to walk on a thin fence. Equilibrioception in many marine animals is done with an entirely different organ, the statocyst, which detects the position", "Visual space neuroanatomical terms they mean that a nerve fiber from a fixed retinal location instructs its target neurons in the brain about the presence of a stimulus in the location in the eye's visual field that is imaged there. The orderly array of retinal locations is preserved in the passage from the retina to the brain, and provides what is aptly called a \"retinotopic\" mapping in the primary visual cortex. Thus in the first instance brain activity retains the relative spatial ordering of the objects and lays the foundations for a neural substrate of visual space. Unfortunately, as is so common", "Contralateral brain the retina, so that the visual periphery projects to the medial side of the retina. By the chiasmatic crossing, the visual periphery is again on the outside, if one assumes that the retinal map is faithfully maintained throughout the optic tract. The theory has a number of weaknesses. For example, the visual tracts spiral their way from the thalamic LGN to the visual cortex (see Figure; this path is known as the optic radiation). As a result, the retinal map show the visual periphery on the medial side. However, the central point of the theory was exactly to obtain a", "Optic pit eye of any affected individual). About 70% are found on the temporal side (or lateral one-half) of the optic disc. Another 20% are found centrally, while the remaining pits are located either superiorly (in the upper one-half), inferiorly (in the lower one-half), or nasally (in the medial one-half towards the nose). Optic pit Optic pit, optic nerve pit, or optic disc pit is a congenital excavation (or regional depression) of the optic disc (also optic nerve head), resulting from a malformation during development of the eye. Optic pits are important because they are associated with posterior vitreous detachments (PVD) and", "Trigeminal nerve Thalamic nuclei, in turn, send information to specific areas in the cerebral cortex. Each pathway consists of three bundles of nerve fibers connected in series: The secondary neurons in each pathway decussate (cross the spinal cord or brainstem), because the spinal cord develops in segments. Decussated fibers later reach and connect these segments with the higher centers. The optic chiasm is the primary cause of decussation; nasal fibers of the optic nerve cross (so each cerebral hemisphere receives contralateral—opposite—vision) to keep the interneuronal connections responsible for processing information short. All sensory and motor pathways converge and diverge to the contralateral", "Optic neuropathy supplied by the short posterior ciliary artery and choroidal circulation, while the retrobulbar optic nerve is supplied intraorbitally by a pial plexus, which arises from the ophthalmic artery, internal carotid artery, anterior cerebral artery, and anterior communicating arteries. Ischemic optic neuropathies are classified based on the location of the damage and the cause of reduced blood flow, if known. Optic neuritis is inflammation of the optic nerve, which is associated with swelling and destruction of the myelin sheath covering the optic nerve. Young adults, usually females, are most commonly affected. Symptoms of optic neuritis in the affected eye include pain", "Optic nerve and diagnose some optic nerve diseases but neuro-ophthalmologists are often best suited to diagnose and treat diseases of the optic nerve. The International Foundation for Optic Nerve Diseases (IFOND) sponsors research and provides information on a variety of optic nerve disorders. Similar to other CNS tracts, the optic has very limited regenerative potential after injury. However, some new techniques are being developed to increase this potential. Optic nerve The optic nerve, also known as cranial nerve II, or simply as CN II, is a paired nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. In humans, the optic", "Paramedian reticular nucleus the cerebral cortex; however, the projections from the spinal cord are very sparse. The descending afferent connections come mostly from the frontal and parietal lobes; however the pontine reticular formation also sends projections to the paramedian reticular nucleus. There are also very sparse innervations from the superior colliculus. Lesions in the paramedian reticular nucleus have been shown to cause a stereotyped increase in the random patterns of motion in rats. The paramedian nuclei on either side of the brain stem have been shown to mediate the horizontal eye movements on their ipsilateral sides. It seems possible that the random motion", "Contralateral brain by turning to the right (see schema). Due to these oppositely directed compensations of the anterior head and the rest of the body, the animal becomes twisted. The Optic tract grows from the retina to the optic tectum, as dorsal and ventral are inverted in the anterior head region, the tracts grow at first to the ventral side to meet in the midline to form a chiasma. Since the opic tectum lies on the dorsal midbrain, each tract then continues dorsally to the contralateral optic tectum. The heart and bowels are internal organs with no strong integration in external body", "Midbrain of the superior colliculus , while the pair of trochlear nuclei (which helps focus vision on more proximal objects) is located caudally to that, at the level of the inferior colliculus, immediatetly lateral to the dorsal raphe nucleus. The oculomotor nerve emerges from the nucleus by traversing the ventral width of the tegmentum, while the trochlear nerve emerges via the tectum, just below the inferior colliculus itself; the trochlear is the only cranial nerve to exit the brainstem dorsally. The Edinger-Westphal nucleus (which controls the shape of the lens and size of the pupil) is located between the oculomotor nucleus", "Mondino de Luzzi description of the cranial nerves derived from Galen's \"Uses of the parts of the body of man\". Furthermore, the brain is divided into three vesicles, with the anterior vesicle serving as the meeting place of the senses, the middle vesicle housing the imagination, and the posterior vesicle containing the memory. Movement of the choroid plexus is said to control mental processes by opening and closing passages between the ventricles. Mondino follows Galen and the Islamic commentators in placing the lens in the center of the eye. Much of the medical information included in \"Anathomia\" is derived from commentaries on Hippocrates,", "Retina differences are: Here is an example of an input image and how edge detection would modify it. Once the image is spatially encoded by the centre–surround structures, the signal is sent out along the optic nerve (via the axons of the ganglion cells) through the optic chiasm to the LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus). The exact function of the LGN is unknown at this time. The output of the LGN is then sent to the back of the brain. Specifically, the output of the LGN \"radiates\" out to the V1 primary visual cortex. Simplified signal flow: Photoreceptors → Bipolar → Ganglion", "Cerebellopontine angle Cerebellopontine angle The cerebellopontine angle (CPA) () is located between the cerebellum and the pons. The cerebellopontine angle is the site of the cerebellopontine angle cistern one of the subarachnoid cisterns that contains cerebrospinal fluid, arachnoid tissue, cranial nerves, and associated vessels. The cerebellopontine angle is also the site of a set of neurological disorders known as the cerebellopontine angle syndrome. The cerebellopontine angle is formed by the cerebellopontine fissure. This fissure is made when the cerebellum folds over to the pons, creating a sharply defined angle between them. The angle formed in turn creates a subarachnoid cistern, the cerebellopontine", "Oculomotor nerve passes medially over the optic nerve. It supplies the superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris. The \"inferior branch\" of the oculomotor nerve or the \"inferior division\", the larger, divides into three branches. All these branches enter the muscles on their ocular surfaces, with the exception of the nerve to the inferior oblique, which enters the muscle at its posterior border. The oculomotor nerve (CN III) arises from the anterior aspect of mesencephalon (midbrain). There are two nuclei for the oculomotor nerve: Sympathetic postganglionic fibres also join the nerve from the plexus on the internal carotid artery in the wall of", "Tectum influence over higher-order motion responses like OMR or OKR, but may be more integral to lower-order cues in motion perception like in the identification of small objects. The tectum is derived in embryonic development from the alar plate of the neural tube. The optic tectum is the visual center in the non mammalian brain which develops from the alar plate of the mesencephalon. It has a laminar or layered structure which allows for different cell types to be present on corresponding layers . One example of the layer specificity is the deep laminae which send output signals away from the", "Optic disc normal human eye carries 1–1.2 million afferent nerve fibers from the eye towards the brain. The optic disc is placed 3 to 4 mm to the nasal side of the fovea. It is a vertical oval, with average dimensions of 1.76mm horizontally by 1.92mm vertically. There is a central depression, of variable size, called the optic cup. This depression can be a variety of shapes from a shallow indentation to a bean pot—this shape can be significant for diagnosis of some retinal disease. The optic disc or optic nerve head is the point of exit for ganglion cell axons leaving", "Blindsight to it. The superior colliculus and prefrontal cortex also have a major role in awareness of a visual stimulus. Mosby's Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing & Health Professions defines the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) as \"one of two elevations of the lateral posterior thalamus receiving visual impulses from the retina via the optic nerves and tracts and relaying the impulses to the calcarine (visual) cortex\". In particular, the magnocellular system of the LGN is less affected by the removal of V1, which suggests that it is because of this system in the LGN that blindsight occurs. The LGN is made up", "Visual system travels in the right optic tract. Each optic tract terminates in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the thalamus. The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is a sensory relay nucleus in the thalamus of the brain. The LGN consists of six layers in humans and other primates starting from catarhinians, including cercopithecidae and apes. Layers 1, 4, and 6 correspond to information from the contralateral (crossed) fibers of the nasal retina (temporal visual field); layers 2, 3, and 5 correspond to information from the ipsilateral (uncrossed) fibers of the temporal retina (nasal visual field). Layer one (1) contains M cells which", "Abducens nerve bulge (the facial colliculus) that is visible on the dorsal surface of the floor of the fourth ventricle. The abducens nucleus is close to the midline, like the other motor nuclei that control eye movements (the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei). Motor axons leaving the abducens nucleus run ventrally and caudally through the pons. They pass lateral to the corticospinal tract (which runs longitudinally through the pons at this level) before exiting the brainstem at the pontomedullary junction. The human abducens nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic pons. The abducens nerve supplies the lateral rectus muscle of", "Pre-attentive processing (retina) transfer the image via axons to the thalamus, specifically the lateral geniculate nuclei. The image then travels to the primary visual cortex and continues on to be processed by the visual association cortex. At each stage, the image is processed with increasing complexity. Pre-attentive processing starts with the retinal image; this image is magnified as it moves from retina to the cortex of the brain. Shades of light and dark are processed in the lateral geniculate nuclei of the thalamus. Simple and complex cells in the brain process boundary and surface information by deciphering the image's contrast, orientation, and", "Multiple sclerosis the scars (sclerae – better known as plaques or lesions) that form in the nervous system. These lesions most commonly affect the white matter in the optic nerve, brain stem, basal ganglia, and spinal cord, or white matter tracts close to the lateral ventricles. The function of white matter cells is to carry signals between grey matter areas, where the processing is done, and the rest of the body. The peripheral nervous system is rarely involved. To be specific, MS involves the loss of oligodendrocytes, the cells responsible for creating and maintaining a fatty layer—known as the myelin sheath—which helps", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis particular, they are damaged during the multiple sclerosis course. Related to this, the CSF of patients with disease activity show high levels of \"Lateral Olfactory Tract Usher Substance\" (LOTUS) The eye's retina in MS is also damage. Given that retina cells have no myelin, damage must be different from the autoimmune attack of the brain. The underlying condition in the retina produces pure neurodegeneration. The retina and the optic nerve originate as outgrowths of the brain during embryonic development, so they are considered part of the central nervous system (CNS). It is the only part of the CNS that can", "Topographic map (neuroanatomy) thalamus and from there to the primary visual cortex(V1); adjacent spots on the retina are represented by adjacent neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex. The term for this pattern of projection is \"topography\". There are many types of topographic maps in the visual cortices, including retinotopic maps, occular dominance maps and orientation maps. Retinotopic maps are the easiest to understand in terms of topography. Retinotopic maps are those in which the image on the retina is maintained in the cortices (V1 and the LGN). In other words, if a specific region of the cortices was", "Trochlear nerve embryonic midbrain. The words \"trochlea\" and \"trochlear\" (, ) come from Ancient Greek \"trokhiléa\", “pulley; block-and-tackle equipment”. The trochlear nerve emerges from the dorsal aspect of the brainstem at the level of the caudal mesencephalon, just below the inferior colliculus. It circles anteriorly around the brainstem and runs forward toward the eye in the subarachnoid space. It passes between the posterior cerebral artery and the superior cerebellar artery, and then pierces the dura just under free margin of the tentorium cerebelli, close to the crossing of the attached margin of the tentorium and within millimeters of the posterior clinoid process.", "Cavernous nerve plexus Cavernous nerve plexus The cavernous nerve plexus (also called the Walther plexus) is situated below and medial to that part of the internal carotid artery which is placed by the side of the sella turcica in the cavernous sinus, and is formed chiefly by the medial division of the internal carotid nerve. It communicates with the oculomotor, the trochlear, the ophthalmic and the abducent nerves, and with the ciliary ganglion, and distributes filaments to the wall of the internal carotid artery. The branch of communication with the oculomotor nerve joins that nerve at its point of division; the branch to", "Retina two of synapses, including the unique ribbon synapse. The optic nerve carries the ganglion cell axons to the brain, and the blood vessels that supply the retina. The ganglion cells lie innermost in the eye while the photoreceptive cells lie beyond. Because of this counter-intuitive arrangement, light must first pass through and around the ganglion cells and through the thickness of the retina, (including its capillary vessels, not shown) before reaching the rods and cones. Light is absorbed by the retinal pigment epithelium or the choroid (both of which are opaque). The white blood cells in the capillaries in front", "Pupillary light reflex consists of the retina, the optic nerve, and the pretectal nucleus in the midbrain, at level of superior colliculus. Ganglion cells of the retina project fibers through the optic nerve to the ipsilateral pretectal nucleus. The efferent limb is the pupillary motor output from the pretectal nucleus to the ciliary sphincter muscle of the iris. The pretectal nucleus projects crossed and uncrossed fibers to the ipsilateral and contralateral Edinger-Westphal nuclei, which are also located in the midbrain. Each Edinger-Westphal nucleus gives rise to preganglionic parasympathetic fibers which exit with CN III and synapse with postganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the ciliary", "Midbrain takes input from the tectum, and travels both rostrally and caudally from it. The corpora quadrigemina (\"quadruplet bodies\") are four solid lobes on the surface of the tectum. The superior pair (the superior colliculi) process some visual information, aid the decussation of several fibres of the optic nerve (some fibres remain ipsilateral), and is involved with saccadic eye movements. The tectospinal tract connects the superior colliculi to the nerves of the neck, and co-ordinates head and eye movements. Each superior colliculi also sends information to the corresponding lateral geniculate nucleus, with which it is directly connected. The inferior pair (inferior", "Tectum Tectum The tectum (Latin: \"roof\") is a region of the brain, specifically the dorsal (top) part of the midbrain (mesencephalon). The position of the tectum is contrasted with the tegmentum, which refers to the region ventral (lower) to the ventricular system. The tectum is responsible for auditory and visual reflexes. The optic tectum projects through the reticular formation and interacts with motor neurons in the brain stem. These connections are important for the recognition and reaction to various sized objects which is facilitated by excitatory optic nerve transmitters like L-glutamate. Recent lesion studies have suggested that the tectum has no", "Pituitary apoplexy one of the nerves. In half of these cases, the oculomotor nerve (the third cranial nerve), which controls a number of eye muscles, is affected. This leads to diagonal double vision and a dilated pupil. The fourth (trochlear) and sixth (abducens) cranial nerves are located in the same compartment and can cause diagonal or horizontal double vision, respectively. The oculomotor nerve is predominantly affected as it lies closest to the pituitary. The cavernous sinus also contains the carotid artery, which supplies blood to the brain; occasionally, compression of the artery can lead to one-sided weakness and other symptoms of stroke.", "Optic tract does not get transmitted to both hemispheres. For instance, a split-brain patient shown an image in the left visual field will be unable to vocally name what has been seen as the speech-control center is in the left hemisphere of the brain. Pupillary reflexes, particularly the pupillary light reflex, are a powerful diagnostic tool often employed in clinical and emergency medical practice. A lack of equal consensual pupillary constriction to a light stimulus, especially a Marcus Gunn pupil, can be indicative of optic nerve damage, brainstem death, or optic tract damage in between. Optic tract The optic tract (from the", "Argyll Robertson pupil midbrain. Studies have failed to demonstrate a focal localising lesion. Research has implicated the rostral midbrain in the vicinity of the cerebral aqueduct of the third ventricle as the most likely region of damage. A lesion in this area would involve efferent pupillary fibres on the dorsal aspect of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus (associated with the response to light) while sparing the fibres associated with the response to near, which lie slightly more ventrally. The exact relationship between syphilis and the two types of pupils (\"AR pupils\" and \"tonic pupils\") is not known at the present time. The older literature on", "Spontaneous recovery eye and then transmitted to the brain by the optic nerve, which terminated on the cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus. The main target that the lateral geniculate nucleus projects onto is the primary visual cortex, which is the part of the cerebral cortex responsible for processing visual information. The analysis of visual stimuli continues through two major cortical systems for processing. The first is the ventral pathway, which extends to the temporal lobe and is involved in recognizing objects (the \"what\" pathway). The second is the dorsal pathway, which projects to the parietal lobe and is essential in locating", "Optic chiasm cross over (decussate) to the opposite side of the brain via the optic nerve at the optic chiasm (decussation of medial fibers). The temporal hemiretina (corresponding to the nasal visual field), on the other hand, stays on the same side. The inferonasal retina are related to anterior portion of the optic chiasm whereas superonasal retinal fibers are related to the posterior portion of the optic chiasm. The crossing over of optic nerve fibres at the optic chiasm allows the visual cortex to receive the same hemispheric visual field from both eyes. Superimposing and processing these monocular visual signals allow the", "Brainstem Brainstem The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior part of the brain, continuous with the spinal cord. In the human brain the brainstem includes the midbrain, and the pons and medulla oblongata of the hindbrain. Sometimes the diencephalon, the caudal part of the forebrain, is included. The brainstem provides the main motor and sensory nerve supply to the face and neck via the cranial nerves. Of the twelve pairs of cranial nerves, ten pairs come from the brainstem. The brainstem is an extremely important part of the brain as the nerve connections of the motor and sensory systems from", "Pathology of multiple sclerosis damage in the dendritic spines of the neurons, with no demyelination nor autoimmune infiltrates. For some authors this constitutes a proof to state that MS is a primary neurodegenerative condition. fibrinogen is deposited in MS motor cortex and associates with neurodegeneration. The olfactory nerve, similar to the optic nerve, is part of the Central Nervous System. This nerve terminates in the olfactory bulb, which also belongs to the central nervous system. Both develop from the CNS embrion, and recently it has been shown, by autopsies, that they are affected by the same diseases than the rest of the CNS. In", "Pretectal area several precerebellar nuclei. The NOT has efferent projections to the zona incerta of the subthalamus, several nuclei of the pons, medulla, intralaminar nuclei, midbrain, and dorsal and ventral thalamic nuclei. Its bilateral inhibitory projections to the accessory optic system include connections to the lateral and medial terminal nuclei. Projections to the subthalamus are target toward the lateral geniculate nucleus and pulvinar. The NOT projects bilaterally to the superior colliculus, although the ipsilateral connections appear to be more dominant. In addition to these projections, the NOT projects to the vestibular and vestibulocerebellar relay nuclei. As part of the subcortical visual system,", "Fish changes. The midbrain (or mesencephalon) contains the two optic lobes. These are very large in species that hunt by sight, such as rainbow trout and cichlids. The hindbrain (or metencephalon) is particularly involved in swimming and balance. The cerebellum is a single-lobed structure that is typically the biggest part of the brain. Hagfish and lampreys have relatively small cerebellae, while the mormyrid cerebellum is massive and apparently involved in their electrical sense. The brain stem (or myelencephalon) is the brain's posterior. As well as controlling some muscles and body organs, in bony fish at least, the brain stem governs respiration", "Fish anatomy The diencephalon performs functions associated with hormones and homeostasis. The pineal body lies just above the diencephalon. This structure detects light, maintains circadian rhythms, and controls color changes. The midbrain or mesencephalon contains the two optic lobes. These are very large in species that hunt by sight, such as rainbow trout and cichlids. The hindbrain or metencephalon is particularly involved in swimming and balance. The cerebellum is a single-lobed structure that is typically the biggest part of the brain. Hagfish and lampreys have relatively small cerebellae, while the mormyrid cerebellum is massive and apparently involved in their electrical sense. The", "Orbit (anatomy) structures at the orbital apex. It provides a pathway between the orbital contents and the middle cranial fossa. The superior orbital fissure lies just lateral and inferior to the optic canal, and is formed at the junction of the lesser and greater wing of the sphenoid bone. It is a major pathway for intracranial communication, containing cranial nerves III, IV, VI which control eye movement via the extraocular muscles, and the ophthalmic branches of cranial nerve V, or V1. The second division of the trigeminal nerve enters the skull base at the foramen rotundum, or V2. The inferior orbital fissure", "Brain electric field sense of some types of fish. Each sensory system begins with specialized receptor cells, such as light-receptive neurons in the retina of the eye, or vibration-sensitive neurons in the cochlea of the ear. The axons of sensory receptor cells travel into the spinal cord or brain, where they transmit their signals to a first-order sensory nucleus dedicated to one specific sensory modality. This primary sensory nucleus sends information to higher-order sensory areas that are dedicated to the same modality. Eventually, via a way-station in the thalamus, the signals are sent to the cerebral cortex, where they are processed" ]

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[ "Mary Poppins (film) of wind blows them away, and Jane and Michael witness a young nanny descending from the sky using her umbrella. Presenting herself to Mr. Banks, Mary Poppins calmly produces the children's restored advertisement, and agrees with its requests, but promises the astonished banker she will be firm with his children. As Mr. Banks puzzles over the advertisement's return, Mary Poppins hires herself, and convinces him it was originally his idea. She meets the children, then helps them tidy their nursery through song, before heading out for a walk in the park. Outside, they meet Bert, working as a screever; Mary", "Mary Poppins (film) tea party on the ceiling, telling jokes. Mr. Banks becomes annoyed by the household's cheery atmosphere, and threatens to fire Mary Poppins. Instead, Mary Poppins inverts his attempt by convincing him to take the children to the bank for a day. Mr. Banks takes Jane and Michael to the bank, where they meet Mr. Dawes Sr, and his son. Mr. Dawes aggressively attempts to have Michael invest his tuppence in the bank, snatching it from him. Michael demands it back, causing other customers to misinterpret, and all demand their own money back, causing a bank run. Jane and Michael flee", "Mary Poppins (film) the bank, getting lost in the East End until they run into Bert, now working as a chimney sweep, who escorts them home. The three and Mary Poppins venture onto the rooftops, where they have a song-and-dance number with other chimney sweeps, which spills out into the Banks' home. Mr. Banks returns, and receives a phone call from his employers. He speaks with Bert, who tells him he should spend more time with his children before they grow up. Jane and Michael give their father Michael's tuppence in the hope to make amends. Mr. Banks walks through London to the", "Mary Poppins (film) bank, where he is given a humiliating cashiering, and is dismissed. Looking to the tuppence for words, he blurts out \"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious!\", tells one of Uncle Albert's jokes, and happily heads home. Dawes mulls over the joke, but finally \"gets\" it, and floats up into the air, laughing. The next day, the wind changes, meaning Mary Poppins must leave. A happier Mr. Banks is found at home, having fixed his children's kite, and takes the family out to fly it. In the park, the Bankses meet Mr. Dawes Jr, who reveals his father died laughing from the joke, and re-employs Mr.", "Mary Poppins Returns Banks. In September, Streep formally joined the cast. The following month, Emily Mortimer was cast as the grownup Jane Banks, and Colin Firth joined the film as William Weatherall Wilkins, president of the Fidelity Fiduciary Bank. In February 2017, Angela Lansbury was cast to play the Balloon Lady. Julie Andrews, who portrayed Poppins in the 1964 film, was approached to do a cameo in the sequel, but turned down the offer as she wanted it to be \"Emily's show\". Dick Van Dyke, who portrayed Bert and Mr. Dawes Sr. in the original film, returns in the sequel as the latter's" ]

[ "Mary Poppins Chim Cher-ee\"), Best Film Editing, Best Visual Effects, and Best Original Score. The movie takes place in the year 1910. In 1983, the story was adapted by the Soviet Union's Mosfilm studios into the Russian-language TV musical film \"Мэри Поппинс, до свидания!\" (\"Mary Poppins, Goodbye\"), starring Natalya Andreychenko (acting) and Tatyana Voronina (singing) as Mary Poppins, Albert Filozov as George Banks, and Oleg Tabakov as Miss Andrew. Author P. L. Travers resisted selling the stage rights to the Mary Poppins stories for many years, as a result of her dislike of the 1964 film version, and her perception of being", "Mary Poppins film is not a reboot or remake of the original 1964 film, Mary Poppins revisits the Banks children from the first film. It is loosely based on the other seven \"Mary Poppins\" books by Travers, and expands beyond them. Emily Blunt stars as Mary Poppins, alongside Lin-Manuel Miranda in the role of Jack, a similar character to Dick Van Dyke's Bert from the first film. It was announced on 31 May 2016 that the film is titled \"Mary Poppins Returns\" and takes place in Depression-era London, 20 years after the original film. Emily Mortimer and Ben Whishaw play grown up", "Mary Poppins five books recount previously unrecorded adventures from her original three visits. As P. L. Travers explains in her introduction to \"Mary Poppins in the Park\", \"She cannot forever arrive and depart.\" The books were adapted by Walt Disney into a musical film titled \"Mary Poppins\" (1964), starring Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke. The film \"Saving Mr. Banks\" (2013) depicted the making of the 1964 film. In 2004, Disney Theatrical in collaboration with Cameron Mackintosh (who had previously acquired the stage rights from Travers) produced a stage musical also called \"Mary Poppins\" in London's West End theatre. The stage musical", "Mary Poppins (film) Banks as a junior partner. With her work done, Mary Poppins flies away, with Bert bidding her farewell, telling her not to stay away too long. The first novel in the \"Mary Poppins\" series was the film's main basis. According to the 40th Anniversary DVD release of the film in 2004, Disney's daughters fell in love with the \"Mary Poppins\" books and made him promise to make a film based on them. Disney first attempted to purchase the film rights to \"Mary Poppins\" from P. L. Travers as early as 1938 but was rebuffed because Travers did not believe a", "Mary Poppins is the youngest and is born midway through the second book. Though the ages of the children are never made explicit, Jane is estimated to be around seven years old in \"Mary Poppins\", and John and Barbara have their first birthday in the same book and appear to be around two years old when Annabel is born. Only Jane and Michael appear in the film and stage musical. In the film they are portrayed by Karen Dotrice and Matthew Garber; in the 2018 sequel, they are portrayed by Emily Mortimer and Ben Whishaw. George Banks is Mary Poppins's employer. He", "Mary Poppins (character) Mary Poppins (character) Mary Poppins is a fictional character and the eponymous protagonist of P. L. Travers's \"Mary Poppins\" books and all of their adaptations. A magical English nanny, she blows in on the East Wind and arrives at the Banks home at Number Seventeen Cherry Tree Lane, London, where she is given charge of the Banks children and teaches them valuable lessons with a magical touch. Travers gives Poppins the accent and vocabulary of a real London nanny: cockney base notes overlaid with a strangled gentility. Julie Andrews, who played the character in the 1964 film adaptation, won the", "Mary Poppins (film) Mary Poppins (film) Mary Poppins is a 1964 American musical fantasy film directed by Robert Stevenson and produced by Walt Disney, with songs written and composed by the Sherman Brothers. The screenplay is by Bill Walsh and Don DaGradi, based on P. L. Travers's book series \"Mary Poppins\". The film, which combines live-action and animation, stars Julie Andrews in her feature film debut as Mary Poppins, who visits a dysfunctional family in London and employs her unique brand of lifestyle to improve the family's dynamic. Dick Van Dyke, David Tomlinson, and Glynis Johns are featured in supporting roles. The film", "Mary Poppins (film) of the Travers–Disney correspondence is part of the Travers collection of papers in the Mitchell Library of New South Wales, Australia. The relationship between Travers and Disney is detailed in \"Mary Poppins She Wrote\", a biography of Travers, by Valerie Lawson. The biography is the basis for two documentaries on Travers, \"The Real Mary Poppins\", and Lisa Matthews' \"The Shadow of Mary Poppins\". Their relationship during the development of the film was also dramatized in the 2013 film \"Saving Mr. Banks\". Julie Andrews, who was making her feature film acting debut after a successful stage career, got the prime role", "Mary Poppins Returns Mary Poppins Returns Mary Poppins Returns is a 2018 American musical fantasy film directed by Rob Marshall, with a screenplay written by David Magee and a story by Magee, Marshall, and John DeLuca. Based on the book series of the same name by P. L. Travers, this sequel to 1964's \"Mary Poppins\" stars Emily Blunt as the eponymous character, with Lin-Manuel Miranda, Ben Whishaw, Emily Mortimer, Julie Walters, Dick Van Dyke, Angela Lansbury, Colin Firth, and Meryl Streep in supporting roles. Set in 1930s London, three decades after the events of the original film, it sees Mary Poppins, the former", "Mary Poppins into the air and away from the children. In the 1964 Disney film of the same name, she is portrayed by Julie Andrews; in the 2018 sequel \"Mary Poppins Returns\", she is portrayed by Emily Blunt. In the books there are five Banks children: Jane (the eldest), Michael, fraternal twins John and Barbara, and Annabel. Jane and Michael are the eldest and go on most of the magical adventures with Mary Poppins; they are the most prominent and vocal of the Banks children. John and Barbara are toddler twins who only start going on adventures in the second book. Annabel", "Mary Poppins Opens the Door one of the chalk drawings. Mary Poppins Opens the Door Mary Poppins Opens the Door is a British children's fantasy novel by the Australian-British writer P.L. Travers, the third book and last novel in the \"Mary Poppins\" series that features the magical English nanny Mary Poppins. It was published in 1943 by Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc and illustrated by Mary Shepard and Agnes Sims. On Guy Fawkes Night, Mary Poppins arrives in the wake of the last fireworks display by the Banks family. The Banks children Michael, Jane, the twins, and Annabel plead with her to stay. She reluctantly", "Mary Poppins Opens the Door Mary Poppins Opens the Door Mary Poppins Opens the Door is a British children's fantasy novel by the Australian-British writer P.L. Travers, the third book and last novel in the \"Mary Poppins\" series that features the magical English nanny Mary Poppins. It was published in 1943 by Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc and illustrated by Mary Shepard and Agnes Sims. On Guy Fawkes Night, Mary Poppins arrives in the wake of the last fireworks display by the Banks family. The Banks children Michael, Jane, the twins, and Annabel plead with her to stay. She reluctantly agrees to do so \"till", "Mary Poppins (musical) Mary Poppins (musical) Mary Poppins is a musical with music and lyrics by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman (aka the Sherman Brothers,) with additional music and lyrics by George Stiles and Anthony Drewe, and a script by Julian Fellowes. The musical is based on the similarly titled Mary Poppins children's books by P. L. Travers and the 1964 Disney film, and is a fusion of various elements from the two. Produced by Cameron Mackintosh and Walt Disney Theatrical and directed by Richard Eyre with co-direction from Matthew Bourne who also acted as co-choreographer with Stephen Mear, the original", "Mary Poppins (film) to be directly involved with creating the stage musical. In September 2015, it was reported that a new film was in development by Walt Disney Pictures. The film would take place 20 years after the first, featuring a standalone narrative based on the remaining seven books in the series. Rob Marshall was hired to direct, while John DeLuca and Marc Platt served as producers, with Emily Blunt starring as the lead. Van Dyke is the only actor from the original to return, portraying the son of one of his original characters. Mary Poppins (film) Mary Poppins is a 1964 American", "Mary Poppins (soundtrack) Mary Poppins (soundtrack) Mary Poppins: Original Cast Soundtrack is the soundtrack album of the 1964 film \"Mary Poppins\", with music and lyrics written by songwriters Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman, and adapted and conducted by Irwin Kostal. The original 1964 album release features seventeen tracks, consisting of sixteen songs and one overture track of film score. The soundtrack album was released by Buena Vista Records the same year as the film on LP and reel-to-reel tape. Due to time constraints, some songs were edited (such as \"Step in Time\", \"Jolly Holiday\", and \"A Spoonful of Sugar\"), while songs", "Mary Poppins to various media. The character was first brought to life in an early television play telecast live in 1949 by CBS television, as part of their anthology series \"Studio One\". She was played by character actress Mary Wickes. E.G. Marshall portrayed Mr. Banks and future \"Lassie\" child star Tommy Rettig played Michael. David Opatoshu played Bert, who was a Match Man (a seller of matches) in this version. \"Mary Poppins\" was made into a film based on the first four books in the series by Walt Disney Productions in 1964. According to the 40th anniversary DVD release of the film", "Mary Poppins to go fly it outside. Though this is not the character specifically created in the books, he is represented well. Though he came across as brash and harsh and remained that way in the books, Disney felt that would be a pessimistic persona to portray. In the 1964 Disney film he is portrayed by David Tomlinson. The title of the film \"Saving Mr. Banks\" (as explained in dialogue at the film's climax) arises from the interpretation that Mary Poppins is actually not there to save the children, but to save their father. The film surmises that Travers wrote the Mary", "Mary Poppins Mary Poppins Mary Poppins is a series of eight children's books written by British writer P. L. Travers and published over the period 1934 to 1988. Mary Shepard was the illustrator throughout the series. The books centre on the magical English nanny Mary Poppins, who is blown by the East wind to Number 17 Cherry Tree Lane, London, and into the Banks' household to care for their children. Encounters with pavement-painters and shopkeepers, and various adventures ensue, until Mary Poppins abruptly leaves—i.e., \"pops out\". Only the first three of the eight books feature Mary Poppins arriving and leaving. The later", "Mary Poppins (song) Mary Poppins (song) \"Mary Poppins\" is a song from the 2015 stage musical \"Love Birds\" with music and lyrics by Robert J. Sherman. It is sung by \"The Original Quack Pack\", a penguin barbershop quartet who resemble the penguins from the 1964 Walt Disney motion picture, \"Mary Poppins\". In dialogue leading up to the song, the penguins explain that while they did know the same nanny, (Mary Poppins) they are not the same penguins as in the movie. The song expresses their longing for the magical nanny of literary fame. The original quartet of penguins included George Knapper (as \"Puck\"),", "Mary Poppins (film) historically, or aesthetically significant\". \"Mary Poppins\" is widely considered to be Walt Disney's crowning live-action achievement, his only film to earn a Best Picture nomination in his lifetime. In Edwardian London, 1910, Bert entertains a crowd as a one-man band when he senses a change in the wind. Afterwards, he directly addresses the audience, and gives them a tour of Cherry Tree Lane, stopping outside the Banks family's home. George Banks returns home to learn from his wife, Winifred, that Katie Nanna has left their service after Jane and Michael ran away again. They are returned shortly after by Constable", "Mary Poppins and Glynis Johns. The film features a mix of adventures and episodes taken from each of the existing novels, and new events created for it. In notable differences from the original novels, the film does not include the characters John, Barbara, or Annabel Banks, and has Mary Poppins herself characterised as noticeably kinder. The film received widespread acclaim from critics and audiences, and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture with Julie Andrews winning the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Mary Poppins. The film won an additional four Oscars for Best Original Song (\"Chim", "Mary Poppins to cats on a different planet, and a Halloween dance party with their shadows. Twenty-six vignettes (one for each letter of the alphabet) weave unexpected tales of Mary Poppins, the Banks children, and other characters from Travers's previous novels. Each vignette is filled with fun and unusual words that start with the featured letter. Mary Poppins comes to the rescue when the Banks's family cook goes on an unexpected leave, teaching the young Banks children the basics of cooking in the process. The book includes recipes. Mary Poppins takes the Banks children on yet another memorable adventure, this time on", "Mary Poppins by Valerie Lawson, published by Aurum Press in the United Kingdom. The relationship is also the subject of the 2013 Disney film \"Saving Mr. Banks\", starring Emma Thompson as Travers and Tom Hanks as Walt Disney. The process of planning the film and composing the songs took about two years. Songs in the film are by the Sherman Brothers. Mary Poppins is played by British actress Julie Andrews. Disney cast Dick Van Dyke in the key supporting role of Bert, while Banks children were played by Karen Dotrice and Matthew Garber. George and Winifred Banks were played by David Tomlinson", "Mary Poppins (character) better people, but is ultimately driven to alcoholism. Natalie Schafer (as Lovey Howell) plays a \"Mary Poppins\"-like character named Mary Poppedin in a dream sequence of the \"Gilligan's Island\" episode \"And Then There Were None\". Michael Rooker as Yondu in \"Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2\" (2017) shouts, \"I'm Mary Poppins, y'all!\" Mary Poppins (character) Mary Poppins is a fictional character and the eponymous protagonist of P. L. Travers's \"Mary Poppins\" books and all of their adaptations. A magical English nanny, she blows in on the East Wind and arrives at the Banks home at Number Seventeen Cherry Tree Lane,", "Mary Poppins (film) condense the story into feature length. In the film, there are only two Banks children, Jane and Michael. The satirical and mysterious aspects of the original book gave way to a cheerful and \"Disney-fied\" tone. Mary Poppins' character as portrayed by Andrews in the film is somewhat less vain and more sympathetic towards the children compared to the rather cold and intimidating nanny of the original book. Bert, as played by Van Dyke, was a composite of several characters from Travers' stories. Travers demanded that any suggestions of romance between Mary and Bert be eliminated, so lyrics were written for", "Mary Poppins Opens the Door faintly make out Mary Poppins. They wave and she waves back to them. \"Mary Poppins herself had flown away, but the gifts she had brought would remain for always.\" In 2004, Julie Andrews appeared in a live-action/animated 10-minute short film produced by DisneyToon Studios for the 40th Anniversary DVD release of \"Mary Poppins\". \"The Cat That Looked at a King\" was based on \"Mary Poppins Opens the Door,\" and was the first project offered to The Answer Studio, which included former employees of Walt Disney Animation (Japan). As the film opens, two modern-day British children are looking at chalk drawings", "Mary Poppins Banks household, and is easily intimidated by Mary Poppins, who treats her with thinly-veiled contempt. In the film she is a strident suffragette who is treated somewhat satirically. The reason she was made into a suffragette in the film was to explain why she sometimes did not have time to look after her children. In the stage musical she is a former actress who is under constant pressure from her husband as she struggles to enter his social circle. In the 1964 Disney film she is portrayed by Glynis Johns. The Park Keeper is a prominent supporting character in the", "Mary Poppins (soundtrack) that more than 30 songs were written at various stages of the film's development. No cast recordings of any of these songs have been released to the public, only demos or later performances done by the songwriters — with the exception of the rooftop reprise of \"Chim Chim Cher-ee\" and the \"smoke staircase yodel\" mentioned below. The Compass Sequence, a precursor to \"Jolly Holiday\", was to be a multiple-song sequence. A number of possible musical components have been identified: Mary Poppins (soundtrack) Mary Poppins: Original Cast Soundtrack is the soundtrack album of the 1964 film \"Mary Poppins\", with music and", "Mary Poppins Opens the Door the drawing room piano is playing perfectly, and when the Banks children ask Mary what happened, she sharply rebukes them. Other adventures in the book include Mary telling the story of a king who was outsmarted by a cat (known as \"The Cat That Looked at a King\"), the park statue of Neleus that comes to life for a time during one of their outings, their visit to confectioner Miss Calico and her flying peppermint sticks, an undersea (High-Tide) party where Mary Poppins is the guest of honor, and a party between fairy tale rivals in the Crack between the", "Mary Poppins (musical) Plymouth, Edinburgh Playhouse, and the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff. Its cast featured Caroline Sheen as Mary Poppins, Daniel Crossley as Bert, Martin Ball as George Banks and Louise Bowden as Winifred Banks. Lisa O'Hare took over the role of Mary on October 27, 2008. The UK Tour became the show's last production to include \"Temper, Temper\" before it was replaced by \"Playing the Game\" in future productions. A United States tour began previews on March 11, 2009, with the opening night on March 25, featuring Ashley Brown and Gavin Lee reprising their roles as Mary and Bert, respectively. The", "Mary Poppins Annabel) on various magical adventures. This time, they visit her cousin Fred Twigley, befriend a statue that has come to life, go riding on peppermint horses, and experience a garden party under the sea. This fourth book contains six adventures of the Banks children with Mary Poppins during their outings in the park along Cherry Tree Lane. Chronologically the events in this book occurred during the second or third book (\"Mary Poppins Comes Back\" and \"Mary Poppins Opens the Door\" respectively). Among the adventures they experience are a tea party with the people who live under the dandelions, a visit", "Mary Poppins Returns development hell since the release of the 1964 film. Walt Disney attempted to produce a sequel a year subsequent to the film's release, but was rejected by author P. L. Travers, who had openly dismissed Disney's film adaptation. In the late 1980s, then-chairman of Walt Disney Studios Jeffrey Katzenberg and vice-president of live-action production Martin Kaplan approached Travers with the idea of a sequel set years after the first film, with the Banks children now as adults and an older Mary Poppins with Julie Andrews reprising the role. Travers again rejected the proposed concept with the exception of Andrews' return.", "Mary Poppins Returns the air. Luckily, Mary Poppins descends from the clouds with the kite in hand. The kids, along with Mary Poppins, head back to the Banks' house, where Michael and Jane are astonished to see their old nanny. Michael agrees to let Mary Poppins stay at their house. Mary insists that the children should take a bath after playing in the park, and they disappear into the bathtub, exploring an underwater world (\"Can You Imagine That?\"). While in the nursery, the children come up with an idea to save their home by selling their mother's china bowl. However, an argument ensues", "Mary Poppins (film) was shot entirely at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California using painted London background scenes. \"Mary Poppins\" was released on August 27, 1964, to critical acclaim. It received a total of 13 Academy Awards nominations, including Best Picture – a record for any other film released by Walt Disney Studios – and won five; Best Actress for Andrews, Best Film Editing, Best Original Music Score, Best Visual Effects, and Best Original Song for \"Chim Chim Cher-ee\". In 2013, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally,", "Mary Poppins (musical) edited version of \"Feed the Birds\" for Ashley Brown (Mary Poppins in the original American cast) on the song. On 18 February 2011, the Australian cast recording was released; the first recording to include the changes made to the show's score since its first London production. Mary Poppins (musical) Mary Poppins is a musical with music and lyrics by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman (aka the Sherman Brothers,) with additional music and lyrics by George Stiles and Anthony Drewe, and a script by Julian Fellowes. The musical is based on the similarly titled Mary Poppins children's books by", "Mary Poppins with animals. With this second revision, original illustrator Mary Shepard altered the accompanying drawing of the compass, which in the 1967 revision retained drawings of ethnic stereotypes at the four compass points, to show a polar bear at the north, a macaw at the south, a panda at the east, and a dolphin at the west. \"Mary Poppins\" had been banned from circulation in the San Francisco Public Library system in 1980 due to the negative stereotyping. Nothing has been right since Mary Poppins left Number Seventeen Cherry Tree Lane. One day, when Mrs. Banks sends the children out to", "Mary Poppins Poppins novels as a form of atonement for her inability as a child to save her own father from his own flaws. This theme of fatherly salvation notably formed the basis of the major dramatic moments in the 1964 film, including the climax involving Mr Banks' somber nighttime walk through London. Mrs. Banks is the wife of George Banks and mother of Jane, Michael, John, Barbara, and Annabel Banks. Her first name is never revealed in the books, but was given as Winifred in the film and the stage musical. In the books she is the struggling mistress of the", "Mary Poppins (film) Poppins uses her magic to transport the group into one of the drawings. While the children ride on a carousel, Mary Poppins and Bert go on a leisurely stroll. Mary Poppins later enchants the carousel horses, and participates in a horse race, which she wins. While being asked to describe her victory, Mary Poppins announces the nonsense word \"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious\". However, the outing is ruined when a thunderstorm demolishes Bert's drawings, returning the group to London. On another outing, the four meet Uncle Albert, who has floated up in the air due to his uncontrollable laughter; they join him for a", "Mary Poppins (film) two years. Travers was an adviser to the production. However, she disapproved of the dilution of the harsher aspects of Mary Poppins' character, felt ambivalent about the music, and so hated the use of animation that she ruled out any further adaptations of the later \"Mary Poppins\" novels. She objected to a number of elements that actually made it into the film. Rather than original songs, she wanted the soundtrack to feature known standards of the Edwardian period in which the story is set. Disney overruled her, citing contract stipulations that he had final say on the finished print. Much", "Mary Poppins Returns pitch\" while calling Shaiman and Wittman's songs as a \"gravest disappointment\", which she stressed out that \"these are songs that get in your head, body, memory, and there’s nothing here with comparable melodic or lyrical staying power\" in her negative comparison of the former to the Sherman Brothers' 1964 original songs, but praised Whishaw's performance as \"emotional rawness\". Mary Poppins Returns Mary Poppins Returns is a 2018 American musical fantasy film directed by Rob Marshall, with a screenplay written by David Magee and a story by Magee, Marshall, and John DeLuca. Based on the book series of the same name", "Mary Poppins (song) and its 20s-evocative feel, there are some interesting and fresh-sounding tunes here: ‘Mary Poppins’ is arguably the best of the bunch and has the penguins lament their abandonment at the hands of the most famous nanny in the world, it’s a barber-shop, doo woop number that could easily sit beside Sherman’s illustrious forebears classic output.\" Mary Poppins (song) \"Mary Poppins\" is a song from the 2015 stage musical \"Love Birds\" with music and lyrics by Robert J. Sherman. It is sung by \"The Original Quack Pack\", a penguin barbershop quartet who resemble the penguins from the 1964 Walt Disney motion", "Mary Poppins, Goodbye Mary Poppins, Goodbye Mary Poppins, Goodbye (; translit. \"Meri Poppins, do svidaniya\") is a Soviet 1983 two-part musical miniseries (part 1 \"Lady Perfection\", part 2 \"Week ends on Wednesday\"), directed by Leonid Kvinikhidze. It is loosely based on Mary Poppins stories by P. L. Travers. The TV series were ordered by the Gosteleradio of USSR and produced by Mosfilm. The official television premiere was on January 8, 1984. Leonid Kvinikhidze reported in an interview later that his intention was not a film for kids, but for adults. The fact that it was very well received by children was unexpected for", "Mary Poppins in the film but does appear in the musical. In the musical, he sings the song \"Let's Go Fly a Kite\" with Bert and the children. The Matchman or \"Bert\" is Mary Poppins's friend. In the books, when the weather is fine, he draws lifelike pictures on the pavement with chalk, but when it rains he instead sells matches and is thus known as the Matchman. Mary Poppins sometimes goes on outings with Bert on her Second Thursday off. Bert is also friendly with the Banks children and the other residents of Cherry Tree Lane. As well as match selling", "Mary Poppins daughters and two sons. As in \"Mary Poppins\", Mary leaves at the end (via an enchanted merry-go-round), but this time with a \"return ticket, just in case\" she needs to return. When Mary last left the Banks children in Cherry Tree Lane, she took a \"return ticket, just in case.\" In the third book, she returns to the park in front of Cherry Tree Lane the way she came, falling with fireworks. Once again she takes up nanny duties in the Banks household and leads Jane, Michael, the toddler twins John and Barbara (as well as the new baby girl", "Mary Poppins (character) Banks children of whom she is in charge. Mary also has a friendship with Bert (Dick Van Dyke), a jack-of-all-trades who is quite at home with Mary's brand of magic. She also is less vain and selfish (although there are a couple of references to her vanity when she replaces a dingy wall mirror with a more elegant one, and sings a duet with her reflection), and far more sympathetic towards the two children than the nanny in the original stories. Emily Blunt portrayed Mary Poppins in the sequel \"Mary Poppins Returns\". In both the West End and Broadway versions", "Mary Poppins production has been rebroadcast several times on BBC Radio 4 Extra. On 14 September 2015, Disney announced a new \"Mary Poppins\" film was to be made, with a new plot and new songs, though in P.L. Travers' final will, another movie version was not to be made according to her wishes. The film is directed by Rob Marshall and written by David Magee. Songs are composed by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman, who both received support from Richard Sherman, who, along with his late brother-collaborator Robert Sherman wrote the iconic song score of the original \"Mary Poppins\" film. Though the", "Mary Poppins (character) Academy Award for Best Actress. British film magazine \"Empire\" included Poppins (as played by Andrews) in their 2011 list of 100 greatest movie characters. A quintessential English nanny, Mary Poppins is a slightly stern but caring woman, who uses magic and self-control to take care of the Banks children. She is usually identifiable by her sensible hat and parrot umbrella which she brings with her wherever she goes on outings. She is kind towards the children, but can be firm when needed. She is \"practically perfect in every way.\" In the film version, she is a young woman, with an", "Mary Poppins Returns film, \"Trip a Little Light Fantastic\". On November 22, 2018, Disney released a special episode of \"20/20\" on ABC called \"Mary Poppins Returns: Behind the Magic\" which included an extended look of the film. On November 26, 2018, advance tickets for \"Mary Poppins Returns\" went on sale along with the digital pre-order of the soundtrack and the release of two tracks off the soundtrack, \"The Place Where Lost Things Go\" and \"Trip a Little Light Fantastic\". In the United States and Canada, \"Mary Poppins Returns\" is projected to gross $49-51 million from 4,090 theaters over its first five-days (including around", "Mary Poppins (film) earning a net profit of $28.5 million. Walt Disney used his huge profits from the film to purchase land in central Florida and finance the construction of Walt Disney World. \"Mary Poppins\" is widely considered to be Walt Disney's \"crowning achievement\". It was the only film of Disney's to garner a Best Picture nomination at the Oscars in his lifetime. The film also inspired the eighth season episode of \"The Simpsons\" entitled \"Simpsoncalifragilisticexpiala(Annoyed Grunt)cious\", featuring a parody of Mary called \"Shary Bobbins\" who helps out the Simpson family after Marge loses her hair due to stress, and spoofs of the", "Mary Poppins in 2004, Walt Disney first attempted to purchase the film rights to \"Mary Poppins\" from P. L. Travers as early as 1938, but was rebuffed because Travers did not believe a film version of her books would do justice to her creation and did not want an animated cartoon based on it. The books had been a favourite of Disney's daughters when they were children, and he finally succeeded in purchasing the rights in 1961, although Travers demanded and got script approval rights. The relationship between Travers and Disney is detailed in \"Mary Poppins She Wrote\", a biography of Travers,", "Mary Poppins a neighbour of the Banks family who fires his cannon to mark the time; this version of the Admiral is far less salty and more of a proper, \"Shipshape and Bristol fashion\" kind of sailor, insistent on order and punctuality. In the original film he is portrayed by Reginald Owen; in the 2018 sequel, he is portrayed by David Warner\". In the books, the Banks have three domestic workers in addition to Mary Poppins: Ellen, Mrs. Brill, and Robertson Ay. Ellen is the maid and although she loves the children, she hates having to look after them when there is", "Mary Poppins Opens the Door Old Year and the New. When the children ask why Mary Poppins, a real person, is there, they are told that she is a fairy tale come true. Finally, the citizens of the town as well as many other characters from the previous two books turn out to say good-bye to Mary. The children realize they're not leaving, but Mary is, and they rush to the nursery window and see her entering a house just like theirs, opening the door, and walking in. Later that evening, Mr. Banks sees a shooting star, and they all wish upon it, the children", "Mary Poppins and street art, he has an occasional third occupation – busking with his hurdy-gurdy. In the film Bert is a combination of the Matchman and the Sweep and has a more prominent role in the children's adventures, including taking care of Mary's Uncle Albert. In the stage musical he is a similar role, acting as a narrator and far-away friend of Mary and the Banks children. In the 1964 Disney film, he is portrayed by Dick Van Dyke. Miss Lark lives next door to 17 Cherry Tree Lane. She is very rich and lives in a large mansion. She is", "Mary Poppins the owner of two dogs: Andrew and Willoughby. Originally she only had Andrew, who is pure-bred, but the mongrel Willoughby joined the family at Andrew's request (the dog language translated to English by Mary Poppins). She appears throughout the books and is usually appalled by the magical antics of Mary Poppins. The most iconic thing about her is her obsession with her dogs and has been known to bring them to the hairdresser's and even buy them fur coats and boots. She appears in the film and stage musical as a minor role. In both the film and musical she", "Mary Poppins Returns nanny of Jane and Michael Banks, returning after a family tragedy. Walt Disney Pictures announced the film in September 2015. Marshall was hired later that month, and Blunt and Miranda were cast in February 2016. Principal photography lasted from February to July 2017, and took place at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England. \"Mary Poppins Returns\" held its world premiere at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles on November 29, 2018, and was released in the United States on December 19, 2018, making it one of the longest gaps between film sequels in Disney history at 54 years. The film received", "Mary Poppins (song) Ryan Willis (as \"Pewcey\"), Jonny Purchase (as \"Presley\") and Rafe Watts (as \"Parker\"). They are also featured on the Original Edinburgh Cast Recording. \"Mary Poppins\" is the second track of that recording. The songwriter's father and uncle, Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman (known collectively as the \"Sherman Brothers\") wrote the original song score from the 1964 movie of the same name. However the Sherman Brothers never wrote a song entitled, \"Mary Poppins\". The song as well as the show, were very well received by both members of the audience and critics. Glasgow Theatre Blog commented: \"Despite its setting", "Mary Poppins (musical) of paper and throws it in the fireplace. Within moments, Mary Poppins arrives, restored advertisement in hand, and takes charge of the Banks children, having every confidence in her own qualifications and merits (\"Practically Perfect\"). On the children's first outing to the park, they meet Bert and, despite their reservations, Mary teaches them that they must learn to look past appearances. To illustrate the point, Mary brings the park statues, including a mythological figure named Neleus, to life (\"Jolly Holiday\"). While Mary manages the children, other problems lie with their parents. Winifred is aware that she is somehow disappointing both", "Mary Poppins (musical) he had a difficult childhood in which he was ignored by his parents, Jane and Michael's paternal grandparents, and was placed under the care of a fearsome nanny. This nanny, Miss Andrew, a character from the books, makes an appearance in the musical as the polar opposite of Mary Poppins, advocating \"brimstone and treacle\" instead of \"a spoonful of sugar\". Winifred Banks is no longer the suffragette of the film, but a former actress who is struggling to fulfill her husband's expectations of her. The character of Ellen the maid, played by Hermione Baddeley in the film, was cut entirely.", "Mary Poppins, Goodbye him. The musical material was recorded by three former members of the band Voskreseniye, Vadim Golutvin (guitar), Petr Podgorodetskiy (keyboard), and Vladimir Voronin (drums). Mary Poppins, Goodbye Mary Poppins, Goodbye (; translit. \"Meri Poppins, do svidaniya\") is a Soviet 1983 two-part musical miniseries (part 1 \"Lady Perfection\", part 2 \"Week ends on Wednesday\"), directed by Leonid Kvinikhidze. It is loosely based on Mary Poppins stories by P. L. Travers. The TV series were ordered by the Gosteleradio of USSR and produced by Mosfilm. The official television premiere was on January 8, 1984. Leonid Kvinikhidze reported in an interview later that", "Mary Poppins (character) air of grace and elegance about her. Author P. L. Travers was very firm about Mary Poppins' appearance in the novel's illustrations, working closely with illustrator Mary Shepard to create an image of the character. Eventually they based Mary Poppins' appearance on that of a Dutch doll: tall and bony, with short black hair, large blue eyes, a snub nose, and a prim, pursed mouth. Travers originally objected to the casting of Julie Andrews as Mary Poppins, claiming Andrews was too attractive for the role; however, upon meeting Andrews in person for the first time, Travers allegedly examined the actress", "Mary Poppins (film) the film has a weighted average score of 88 out of 100 based on 13 critics, indicating \"universal acclaim\". \"Variety\" praised the film's musical sequences and the performances of Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke, in particular. \"Time\" lauded the film, stating, \"The sets are luxuriant, the songs lilting, the scenario witty but impeccably sentimental, and the supporting cast only a pinfeather short of perfection.\" Critic Drew Casper summarized the impact of \"Mary Poppins\" in 2011: The film earned $31 million in North American rentals during its initial run. The film was re-released theatrically in 1973, in honor of Walt", "Mary Poppins (film) indicated that more than 30 songs were written at various stages of the film's development. No cast recordings of any of these songs have been released to the public, only demos or later performances done by the songwriters — with the exception of the rooftop reprise of \"Chim Chim Cher-ee\" and the \"smoke staircase yodel\" mentioned below. The Compass Sequence, a precursor to \"Jolly Holiday\", was to be a multiple-song sequence. A number of possible musical components have been identified: \"Mary Poppins\" premiered on August 27, 1964, at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles. Travers was not extended an invitation", "Mary Poppins (character) for a few moments before conceding, \"Well, you've the nose for it.\" Mary Poppins in Travers' books is strict and no-nonsense, asserting her unusual brand of discipline over the four (later five) Banks children in her charge. Mary is very vain and is always admiring herself in the mirror and other reflections. She constantly scolds the children for their \"bad\" behaviour, especially when they point out the magical things she does, for she constantly denies she is anything but a prim and proper lady. Mary only shows her gentler side around her friends, among them the Matchman (Bert), Mrs. Corry,", "Mary Poppins Jane and Michael Banks. The release date is 21 December 2018 in the US and the UK. Mary Poppins is a magical nanny who sweeps into the Banks home on Cherry Tree Lane and takes charge of the Banks children. She never acknowledges her strange and magical powers, and feigns insult when one of the children refers to her previous adventures. She first arrives to them when she is blown to Cherry Tree Lane by the East Wind. At the end of the first book she opens up her umbrella to the West Wind and lets it lift her up", "Mary Poppins (character) of the stage musical, the Mary Poppins character is more deliberately mysterious than in the movie version. She is slightly stricter with the children (who are also naughtier than their book and movie counterparts) but only because she wants them to become the best they can be. Mary in the stage version is also more aware of Bert's feelings towards her. Mary Poppins first appeared in the short story \"Mary Poppins and the Match Man\" in 1926, and in several early bits and pieces of the first novel. P.L. Travers later changed the story of the character's origins, stating that", "Op zoek naar Mary Poppins Op zoek naar Mary Poppins Op zoek naar Mary Poppins (\"Looking for Mary Poppins\") was a 2009 talent show-themed television series produced by the AVRO in the Netherlands and broadcast on AVRO. It premiered in late August 2009. The show searched for a new, unknown lead to play Mary Poppins in a Dutch production of the Dutch musical \"Mary Poppins\". The show was hosted by Frits Sissing with Willem Nijholt again overseeing the programme. In the final, on 24 January, Noortje Herlaar was announced as the winner of the series. To assess and train the potential Marys and judge them", "Mary Poppins Returns the nostalgia to \"\". Brian Truitt of \"USA Today\" labelled it as \"comforting nostalgia-fest\" and \"satisfaction in spit-spot fashion\" while commending the performances of Blunt and Miranda (which he referred them as \"endlessly charming\") as well Marshall's knack on musical numbers and Shaiman's \"swinging delight\" original score. Peter Travers of \"Rolling Stone\" rated the film with three out of five stars, praising Blunt's unique portrayal of the titular character while referring the film as an \"industrial-strength sugarplum\" and felt that the sequel didn't live up to the 1964 original, but nevertheless praised the film in which he remarked: \"\"Mary Poppins", "Mary Poppins British children's literature during the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympic Games. In a sequence called \"\", over thirty Mary Poppins' descended with umbrellas to fight and defeat the villains Queen of Hearts, Captain Hook, Cruella de Vil, and Lord Voldemort, who were haunting children's dreams. The silhouette of Mary Poppins with an umbrella was used on the cover of the special issue of the journal \"Friction\" dedicated to the 6th World Tribology Congress in Beijing. It shows the process of detachment of an adhesive contact made in the form of a flat punch in the character's shape. Mary", "Mary Poppins was transferred to Broadway, in New York, in 2006, where it ran until its closing on 3 March 2013. The first book introduces the Banks family from Number Seventeen Cherry Tree Lane, London, consisting of Mr. and Mrs. Banks, their children Jane and Michael, and baby twins John and Barbara. When the children's nanny, Katie Nanna, storms out in a huff, Mary Poppins arrives at their home, complete with her travelling carpet bag, blown in by a very strong East wind. She accepts the job (agreeing to stay \"till the wind changes\"), and the children soon learn that their nanny,", "Mary Poppins (character) it appeared fully formed in her mind in 1934. Neil Gaiman's short story \"The Problem of Susan\" mentions a posthumously (for P. L. Travers) published work \"Mary Poppins Brings in the Dawn\", in which Mary Poppins was Jesus's nanny. Mary Poppins appears in Alan Moore's third \"League of Extraordinary Gentlemen\" graphic novel, \"\", when it returns to Margaret Cavendish's \"Blazing World\". She later reappears in \"Century: 2009\", where she defeats the Antichrist created by Oliver Haddo. In this appearance, she and other characters hint that she may be a personification of God. In a sequence celebrating British children's literature during", "Mary Poppins Returns (soundtrack) Mary Poppins Returns (soundtrack) Mary Poppins Returns (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack album for the film of the same name. The music and score for the film was composed by Marc Shaiman, with song lyrics written by Scott Wittman and Shaiman. The soundtrack album was released by Walt Disney Records on December 7, 2018. The songs feature vocal performances by the film's cast consisting of Emily Blunt, Lin-Manuel Miranda, Ben Whishaw, Emily Mortimer, Pixie Davies, Julie Walters, Dick Van Dyke, Angela Lansbury, Colin Firth, and Meryl Streep. On November 26, 2018, \"The Place Where Lost Things Go\" (sung", "Mary Poppins (character) communicate with animals) until they grow up and forget about them. Some of her adventures occur in London, others in strange realms which later writers might identify as magical dimensions. In literary terms, she might be described as a character who exists in every conceivable fantasy genre (gothic, mythic, urban, etc.) at once: there are many strange people and phenomena in the world, but only Mary Poppins is familiar with them all. Mary Poppins in the Disney film, as portrayed by Julie Andrews, is also fairly stern but at the same time more gentle, cheerful, and nurturing of the two", "Mary Poppins the park, Michael flies his kite up into the clouds. Everyone is surprised when it comes down bringing Mary Poppins as a passenger, who returns to the Banks home and takes charge of the children once again (though she'll only stay \"'till the chain of her locket breaks\"). This time, Jane and Michael meet the fearsome Miss Andrew, experience an upside-down tea party, and visit a circus in the sky. In the chapter \"The New One\" a new baby girl in the Banks family is born to the name of Annabel and concludes the family of now five children; three", "Mary Poppins (musical) Mary from Brown in February 2010 in Tempe, Arizona and played the role until February 2011.Nicolas Dromard, who previously understudied the role of Bert on Broadway, took over the role from September 2010 until September 2011. Steffanie Leigh joined the cast as Mary Poppins on February 8, 2011 and was replaced on December 6, 2011, by Megan Osterhaus who had played Winifred Banks on Broadway and later returned to Broadway as Winifred. The U.S. National tour played its last performance on June 2, 2013, in Anchorage, Alaska. A new UK tour began at the Curve Theatre, Leicester on October 13,", "Mary Poppins (film) to the event, but managed to obtain one from a Disney executive. It was at the after-party that Richard Sherman recalled her walking up to Disney and loudly announcing that the animated sequence had to go. Disney responded, \"Pamela, the ship has sailed,\" and walked away. \"Mary Poppins\" was first released in late 1980 on VHS, Betamax, CED and LaserDisc. On October 28, 1994, August 26, 1997, and March 31, 1998, it was re-released three times as part of the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection. In 1998, this film became Disney's first DVD. On July 4, 2000, it was released on", "Mary Poppins Returns (soundtrack) by Emily Blunt) and \"Trip a Little Light Fantastic\" (sung by Lin-Manuel Miranda and the cast) were released along with the soundtrack available for digital pre-order. The score by composer-songwriter Marc Shaiman includes musical references to songs and score from the first film written by the Sherman Brothers. Richard M. Sherman served as music consultant. These songs include \"A Spoonful of Sugar\", \"The Perfect Nanny\", \"Feed The Birds\" and \"Let's Go Fly a Kite\". Shaiman and co-lyricist Scott Wittman began working on the songs in 2016. They wrote nine original songs for the film. Mary Poppins Returns (soundtrack) Mary Poppins", "Mary Poppins (musical) include: The Australian production began previews at Her Majesty's Theatre in Melbourne on 14 July 2010, officially on 29 July. The cast included Matt Lee as Bert, Philip Quast as Mr. Banks, Marina Prior as Winifred Banks, Debra Byrne as The Bird Woman, and Judi Connelli as Miss Andrew. Verity Hunt-Ballard was awarded the role of Mary Poppins late in the casting stage, after a long search. She was temporarily replaced towards the end of the Sydney run by Scarlett Strallen, who had starred in the role in both the West End and Broadway productions. An Australian Cast Recording was", "Mary Poppins premiere of the stage adaptation of \"Mary Poppins\" took place at the Bristol Hippodrome in the United Kingdom in September 2004. The production then moved to the Prince Edward Theatre in London's West End on 15 December 2004, where it ran for three years before closing in January 2008. The show transferred to a UK national tour, and a number of international versions were staged, including a long Broadway run in New York City. On 31 May 2010 BBC Radio 7 broadcast a one-hour dramatisation combining several of the adventures into one drama, starring Juliet Stevenson as Mary Poppins. This", "Mary Poppins no nanny in the house. She almost always has a cold. Mrs. Brill is the cook; she particularly dislikes Ellen. She is often grumpy for no reason. Robertson Ay is the jack of all trades. He is a young boy (mid-teens) and is very lazy and forgetful, doing such things as putting bootblack on Mr Banks's hat, thus ruining it. In \"Mary Poppins Comes Back\", it is hinted that he is a character in a story that Mary Poppins tells the children about a king who is led astray by The Fool (Jester). It is hinted that he is the", "Op zoek naar Mary Poppins the series winner, with all the votes cast for the remaining two Marys carried over. Then in Show Two the final two Marys went head-to-head before the winner was announced as Noortje. All eleven Mary finalists also performed. In Show two both Noortje and Sophie performed \"Alles kan als jij het \"(Anything Can Happen)\"\". The show performances were: The final vote was then announced and it was revealed that the winner was Noortje Herlaar. Op zoek naar Mary Poppins Op zoek naar Mary Poppins (\"Looking for Mary Poppins\") was a 2009 talent show-themed television series produced by the AVRO in", "Mary Poppins (musical) 2015, directed by Richard Eyre. It starred Zizi Strallen as Mary Poppins and Matt Lee reprising his original role in the Australian production as Bert. On 14 September 2018, it was announced that a West End revival would open in autumn 2019, returning to the Prince Edward Theatre 11 years after the original production had closed there. Zizi Strallen will play the title role (following the 2015-16 UK Tour) alongside Charlie Stemp as Bert. \"Mary Poppins\" has been played in Australia, Austria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden,", "Mary Poppins Returns era of superhero franchises where sequels to successful movies turn up almost instantly, Mary Poppins’s return shows that sometimes it pays to wait. Half a century on, her allure hasn’t faded at all.\" Owen Gleiberman of \"Variety\" deemed the film as a \"rapturous piece of nostalgia\", lauded Blunt's take on Mary Poppins and described her casting as \"practically perfect\", while lending his praise on Marshall's direction as well the production design, musical score, songs, and the supporting performances (particularly Miranda, Whishaw, Firth, and Streep). He also drew comparisons of the film's quality and tone to the 1960s musicals as well", "Mary Poppins (character) the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympic Games, a group of over thirty Mary Poppins with umbrellas descended en masse to fight and defeat the nightmares (which consisted of the villains Queen of Hearts, Captain Hook, Cruella de Vil, and Lord Voldemort) that were haunting children's dreams. The sequence is called \".\" Terry Pratchett's Susan Sto Helit character satirizes Mary Poppins in various ways, most explicitly in the novel \"Hogfather\". In \"The Simpsons\" season 8 episode \"Simpsoncalifragilisticexpiala(Annoyed Grunt)cious\", Marge hires a new housekeeper for the family, named Shary Bobbins (voiced by Maggie Roswell), who attempts to help them become", "Mary Poppins fool. The film depicts Mrs. Brill and Ellen (played by Reta Shaw and Hermione Baddeley, respectively), but not Robertson Ay; the musical includes Mrs. Brill and Robertson Ay, without Ellen. To celebrate the 100th anniversary of P. L. Travers living in Bowral, an attempt was made to break the world record for the world's largest umbrella mosaic on Bradman Oval, Bowral, at 2:06 pm on 7 May 2011. The event was organised by the Southern Highlands Youth Arts Council. The record was achieved, with 2115 people. An aerial photograph was taken by helicopter. Mary Poppins featured in a celebration of", "Mary Poppins Returns script. On February 18, 2016, Emily Blunt was cast in the film to play the title role in the sequel. On February 24, 2016, Lin-Manuel Miranda was cast in the film to play Jack, a lamplighter. In April 2016, Disney confirmed that the film was in development and that Blunt and Miranda had been cast in the lead roles. In May, Disney announced the film's title as \"Mary Poppins Returns\". By July 2016, Meryl Streep had entered negotiations to join the cast to play cousin Topsy, and in the following month, Ben Whishaw in negotiations to play the grownup Michael", "Mary Poppins Opens the Door at the same location where Dick Van Dyke's character, Bert, did his artwork in the original movie. Andrews (as herself) greets the children and takes them into the chalk drawing where they watch the tale of a cat (Tracey Ullman) that challenges a king (David Ogden Stiers) to a trivia contest. If the cat wins, the king must give up his obsession with facts and figures and reconnect with his queen. Back in the real world—where she, like Poppins, denies that she has been away—Andrews and the cat face each other as the shadow of Mary Poppins is framed by", "Mary Poppins though stern, vain and usually cross, has a magical touch that makes her wonderful. Among the things Jane and Michael experience are a tea party on a ceiling with Mr. Wigg, a trip around the world with a compass, the purchase of gingerbread stars from the extremely old Mrs. Corry, a meeting with the Bird Woman, a birthday party at the zoo among the animals, and a Christmas shopping trip with a star named Maia from the Pleiades cluster of the Taurus constellation. In the end, in what is perhaps the most iconic image associated with Mary Poppins, she opens", "Mary Poppins (film) of Mary Poppins soon after she was passed over by Jack L. Warner and replaced with Audrey Hepburn for the role of Eliza Doolittle in his screen adaptation of \"My Fair Lady\", even though Andrews had originated the role on Broadway. When Disney first approached Andrews about taking on the role, Andrews was three months pregnant and therefore was not sure she should take it. Disney assured her that the crew would be fine with waiting to begin filming until after she had given birth so that she could play the part. Andrews also provided the voice in two other", "Mary Poppins Returns before the bowl breaks apart again, sending them back to the real world. Back in the nursery, Mary tells the children that their mother lives on in their memories (\"The Place Where Lost Things Go\"). The next day, Mary, Jack and the children go to visit Topsy, Mary's eccentric cousin, to see if she can fix the bowl (\"Turning Turtle\"). Lost on their way home, Mary, John, Annabel and Georgie run into Jack, who, alongside other lamplighters, leads them on their way home (\"Trip a Little Light Fantastic\"). Development on a sequel to \"Mary Poppins\" had long been gestating in", "Mary Poppins Returns The studio shortly abandoned the effort. On September 14, 2015, Walt Disney Pictures president Sean Bailey pitched a new \"Mary Poppins\" film to Rob Marshall, John DeLuca, and Marc E. Platt, as the team had produced \"Into the Woods\" for the studio the year prior. With approval from Travers' estate, Disney greenlit the project with the film taking place 20 years after the first, featuring a standalone narrative, based on the remaining seven books in the series. Marshall was hired to direct, while DeLuca and Platt would serve as producers along with Marshall; David Magee was hired to write the", "Mary Poppins (musical) community theatres to produce due to the popularity of the film and books. In 1993, theatrical producer Cameron Mackintosh met P.L. Travers and acquired the rights to develop a stage play adaptation of her \"Mary Poppins\" books. She only agreed to a stage production as long as the creators were all English, and no one who had worked on the film. She died in 1996. In 2001, Mackintosh and the head of Disney Theatrical Thomas Schumacher opened talks on a possible collaboration, so that the stage play would be able to use the songs from the Disney film. With both", "Mary Poppins Returns $35 million in its first weekend) and a total of $75 million over its first week of release. The film made $4.8 million on its first day of release. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 78% based on 178 reviews, with an average rating of 7.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"Mary Poppins Returns\" relies on the magic of its classic forebear to cast a familiar – but still solidly effective – family-friendly spell.\" On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 66 out of", "Mary Poppins her umbrella and the West wind carries her away. \"Mary Poppins\" contained a version of the chapter \"Bad Tuesday\" in which Mary and the children use a compass to visit places all over the world in a remarkably short period of time. The original story in the 1934 edition contained a variety of cultural and ethnic types of Chinese, Eskimo, sub-Saharan Africans, and Native Americans; Travers responded to criticism by revising the chapter twice. A 1967 revision removed offensive words and stereotypical descriptions and dialogue, but kept the plot of visiting foreign people; in 1981 a second revision replaced people", "Saving Mr. Banks she also holds of the jocular Disney. Travers' working relationship with Disney and his team is difficult from the outset, with her insistence that Mary Poppins is the enemy of sentiment and whimsy. Disney and his people are puzzled by Travers' disdain for fantasy, given the nature of the Mary Poppins story, as well as Travers' own rich imagination. She particularly objects to how the character George Banks, the estranged father of the children in Mary Poppins' charge, is depicted, insisting that he is neither cold nor cruel. Gradually, they grasp how deeply personal the Mary Poppins stories are to", "Mary Poppins (musical) appear in the film or musical, such as Nellie Rubina and the Balloon Woman. The musical places more emphasis on Jane and Michael being naughty and their parents being dysfunctional to heighten the drama. Jane and Michael are constantly answering back and fighting, necessitating a new sequence where Mary brings Jane's doll Valentine and the other toys to life to berate them in the song \"Playing the Game\". This sequence, originally titled \"Temper Temper,\" was inspired from a chapter in the books titled \"Bad Wednesday\". George Banks has been expanded from the film: in the musical it is revealed that" ]

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[ "Televisi di Indonesia\nPada Oktober 1992, Departemen Penerangan mengeluarkan izin kepada enam perusahaan untuk mendirikan perusahaan televisi swasta: PT Indosiar Visual Mandiri atau Indosiar (Jakarta), PT Sanitya Mandara Televisi (Yogyakarta), PT Merdeka Citra Televisi Indonesia (Semarang, milik Grup Suara Merdeka), PT Ramako Indotelevisi (Batam), PT Cakrawala Andalas Televisi atau ANTV (Lampung), dan PT Cakrawala Bumi Sriwijaya Televisi (Palembang). Dari semua enam televisi perusahaan, hanya PT Indosiar Visual Mandiri dan PT Cakrawala Andalas Televisi yang dapat menyiarkan secara terus menerus. Pada tanggal 28 Februari 1993, PT Cakrawala Andalas Televisi, sebuah perusahaan patungan antara keluarga Agung Laksono dan Aburizal Bakrie, memulai siaran pertamanya. Stasiun penyiaran awalnya direncanakan akan berlokasi di Lampung, tapi kemudian pindah ke Jakarta, di sebuah gedung di Kuningan. PT Indosiar Visual Mandiri, yang dimiliki oleh Grup Salim, memulai siaran pertamanya pada tanggal 11 Januari 1995." ]

[ "Antara Cinta dan Dusta\nAntara Cinta dan Dusta merupakan sebuah sinetron yang ditayangkan di Indosiar. Sinetron ini diproduksi oleh MD Entertainment sebanyak 203 episode.", "MNCTV\nTPI memperoleh izin siaran pada tanggal 1 Agustus 1990. Pada tanggal 1 Januari 1991, TPI memulai siaran percobaan selama 2 jam dari jam 08.00-10.00 WIB. TPI diresmikan Presiden Soeharto pada tanggal 23 Januari 1991 di Studio 12 TVRI Senayan, Jakarta Pusat. Pada awal pendiriannya tahun 1991 TPI hanya ingin menyiarkan siaran edukatif saja. Saat itu TPI hanya mengudara 4 jam. Salah satunya dengan bekerja sama dengan Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan menyiarkan materi pelajaran pendidikan menengah. Sejak itu TPI mengudara 4 jam, lalu sejak 1 Juni 1991 menjadi 6,5 jam. Lalu menjelang akhir 1991 sudah 8 jam.", "Akademi Sahur Asia\nAcara ini dibuat oleh Indosiar dengan tujuan yang mulia. Selain untuk mencari bakat dan memupuk nafas Islam yang positif, acara ini juga bertujuan menghimpun persaudaraan antar negara-negara di wilayah Asia, seperti Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Singapura, serta Timor Leste.", "Televisi di Indonesia\nTV terestrial dimulai dengan pendirian stasiun televisi pertama di Indonesia. Indonesia hanya memiliki satu saluran televisi sampai pembentukan lainnya, RCTI merupakan televisi swasta pertama di Indonesia. Saat ini, stasiun televisi utama nasional free-to-air terrestrial di Indonesia adalah TVRI, RCTI, SCTV, MNCTV, antv, Indosiar, MetroTV, Trans TV, Trans7, tvOne, GTV, Kompas TV, NET., RTV, dan iNews. Televisi terestrial analog di Indonesia saat ini disiarkan menggunakan sistem PAL-B/G dengan suara NICAM stereo. Sejak triwulan pertama 2011 aturan memungkinkan penayangan televisi digital bersamaan dengan dengan televisi analog di beberapa daerah. Indonesia mengadopsi format DVB-T tapi memutuskan untuk mengubah ke DVB-T2 pada tanggal 1 Januari 2012.", "Asosiasi Televisi Swasta Indonesia\nCikal bakal ATVSI dimulai pada era orde baru dimana 5 stasiun televisi swasta yang ada saat itu yaitu RCTI, SCTV, Indosiar, ANteve dan TPI sepakat membentuk Forum Komunikasi Televisi (FKTV) sebagai wadah berkomunikasi dan berkoordinasi untuk kepentingan bersama sebagai sebuah industri. Kelahiran FKTV di bidani oleh Dewi Fajar (Direktur TPI), Harry Kuntoro (Direktur Utama RCTI), Soeastomo Soepardji (Direktur Indosiar), Anton Nangoy (Direktur Utama ANteve), dan Agus Mulyanto (Direktur Utama SCTV).", "Cinta Fitri\nCinta Fitri menjadi salah satu sinetron kebanggaan yang ditayangkan oleh stasiun televisi SCTV, kemudian pindah ke Indosiar, karena alur ceritanya yang padat, menarik, dan kadang-kadang tidak terduga apa lanjutannya. Ini juga menjadi kunci kesuksesan Cinta Fitri sehingga bisa bertahan hingga musim ke 7 dan tayang selama 4 tahun dari tahun 2007 hingga 2011, dan walaupun setelah Cinta Fitri Season Ramadhan selesai tayang beberapa orang mulai mengkritik jalan cerita Cinta Fitri yang terlihat semakin dibuat-buat dan tidak sebaik jalan cerita season-season sebelumnya[1], kenyataannya Cinta Fitri Season 5 justru lebih banyak mendapat pujian dan dalam sekejap menduduki rating tertinggi[2]. Ini menandakan bahwa Cinta Fitri memang masih digemari oleh masyarkat Indonesia.", "Damarwulan (sinetron)\nDamarwulan atau DAMARWULAN 2013, PT Indosiar Visual Mandiri (INDOSIAR) yang merupakan Partner dari SURYA CITRA TELEVISI INDONESIA (SCTV) Bekerjasama Genta Buana Paramita Production, mulai 17 Juni 2013 akan mempersembahkan sinetron drama kolosal Damarwulan, yang membawa penonton pada suasana zaman kerajaan Majapahit yang mengambil lokasi syuting di Desa Sodong, Cileungsi, Kabupaten Bogor, yang berdiri di atas tanah seluas 25 ribu hektare. Sinetron Drama Kolosal ini kian banyak disukai Masyarakat, terbukti Ratting beberapa Episode berhasil menembus 5 Besar hingga Episode Tamat.", "Indosiar\nLogo Indosiar pada awalnya menggunakan logo yang mirip dengan Television Broadcasts Limited, Hongkong, namun warnanya dibalik dan ditambah tulisan \"INDOSIAR\" pada tengah warna hijau, karena Indosiar dalam kenyataan yang sebenarnya banyak menyiarkan drama Asia dari Hongkong dan Korea.", "Eddy Kusnadi Sariaatmadja\nGerakan bisnis yang dikelola Eddy merupakan keberhasilan gemilang. Kabar terbaru datang dari Emtek Group, di mana perusahaan tersebut mengakuisisi stasiun televisi Indosiar, salah satu anggota dari the big four dalam bisnis media pertelevisian di Indonesia. Sistem manajemen yang diterapkan dalam bisnisnya, merupakan kemampuan yang baik. Saat ini, PT Indosiar Visual Mandiri (IVM) kini berada dalam kendali PT Surya Citra Media Tbk.", "Ranum (sinetron)\nRanum adalah salah satu Sinetron religi beragama Islam menjelang bulan Ramadhan dan Syawal yang ditayangkan stasiun siaran media televisi saluran asli di Indosiar dan yang diproduksi studio video production house motion pictures di MD Entertainment setiap hari pukul jam 20:00 WIB Malam pada tahun 2011 mulai perdana pertama kali mengudara diluncurkan sejak pada tanggal hari Senin, 25 Juli 2011 dan akhir penutup selesai kali berhenti siaran diubarkan tamat sejak pada tanggal hari Jumat, 9 September 2011 berapa jumlah oleh 38 Episode selama bulan Ramadhan dan Syawal. dengan lagu tema soundtrack yang berjudul Allahu Akbar yang dipopulerkan oleh Shireen Sungkar dan Teuku Wisnu. Pemainnya antara lain ialah Shireen Sungkar dan Teuku Wisnu.", "Indosiar\nPada pertengahan 2013, Indosiar berhasil memperoleh hak siar Liga Utama Inggris untuk musim kompetisi 2013–2014 hingga 2015–2016 bersama SCTV dan Nexmedia.[4]", "Dua Dunia\nSinetron ini diproduksi oleh Indosiar.", "INews\niNews (kependekan dari \"Indonesia News\", sebelumnya bernama SUN TV, SINDOtv dan iNews TV) adalah stasiun televisi swasta nasional di Indonesia. iNews didirikan oleh Media Nusantara Citra. Waktu siaran iNews adalah 24 jam sehari.", "MNC Vision\nIndovision adalah sebuah stasiun televisi satelit berlangganan yang diselenggarakan oleh PT MNC Sky Vision Tbk (dahulu bernama PT Matahari Lintas Cakrawala). Perusahaan yang didirikan pada tanggal 8 Agustus 1988 ini memulai memasarkan produk jasanya pada awal tahun 1994 dan bertanggung jawab atas pemasaran program pengelolaan serta pelayanan kepada pelanggan.", "Trio Gingseng\nTrio Gingseng merupakan sebuah grup yang beranggotakan para host acara musik D'Box (acara televisi) Indosiar..Grup ini terbentuk pada sejak tayangnya acara D Box Indosiar tahun 2016 dan beranggotakan 3 orang yaitu Narji, Lee Jeong Hoon, dan Angela Lee.", "Elshinta TV\nElshinta TV adalah sebuah stasiun televisi di Indonesia. Elshinta TV memulai siaran percobaan di wilayah Jakarta sejak 24 Agustus 2005. Elshinta TV menggunakan frekuensi yang dulunya digunakan oleh Indosiar yang dialokasikan untuk daerah Jabodetabek, yaitu 35 UHF. Siaran Elshinta TV dapat diterima dengan baik di wilayah Jabodetabek, dengan menggunakan antena pemancar yang sebelumnya digunakan oleh Indosiar, dimana lokasinya berada di Joglo, Jakarta Barat. Elshinta TV memfokuskan siarannya tentang masalah-masalah sosial, budaya, dan edukasi yang terjadi di sekitar Jabodetabek khususnya DKI Jakarta.", "Q Academy\nQ Academy disingkat QA (nama lain atau kepanjangan dari Qolbu Academy) adalah acara realitas pencarian bakat islami dengan genre handroh atau sholawat yang diiringi alat musik islami. Diciptakan oleh Programming Indosiar, produksi dilaksanakan oleh Tim Produksi Indosiar. Acara ini disiarkan secara langsung di Indosiar dan tayang perdana pada tanggal 16 Juni 2015.", "Surya Citra Media\nPada tahun 2013, PT Indosiar Karya Media Tbk melepas saham Elshinta TV ke Salim Group kembali karena PT Indosiar Karya Media Tbk sudah berbeda kepemilikan sehingga saham Elshinta TV kembali dimiliki Salim Group dan Salim Group serta SCM bertukar lahan pohon kelapa sawit. Pada awal Mei 2013, PT Indosiar Karya Media Tbk bergabung ke dalam SCM. Hal inilah yang menjadikan SCM menguasai SCTV, dan Indosiar.", "Puteri Muslimah Indonesia\nPuteri Muslimah Indonesia adalah sebuah kontes kecantikan dan pencarian bakat yang dibuat oleh Programming Indosiar untuk wanita muslimah di seluruh Indonesia dan ditayangkan di Indosiar sejak tahun 2014 hingga 2017. Diproduksi oleh Tim Produksi Indosiar (2014 - 2016) serta Indonesia Entertainment Produksi (2017).", "Buaya Show\nBuaya Show adalah sebuah acara talkshow (bincang-bincang) Indonesia yang dibawakan oleh Uya Kuya di Indosiar. Acara ini mulai dipandu Uya Kuya sejak Oktober 2011. Setiap acaranya menyampaikan tema tertentu yang diselingi dengan lawakan. Tayang setiap hari Senin dan Selasa pukul 22.00 WIB.", "Amanah Surga Productions\nAmanah Surga Productions (disingkat ASP dan dikenal juga sebagai AS Productions) adalah rumah produksi yang dimiliki oleh Surya Citra Media sebagai pemilik SCTV dan Indosiar. Pada awalnya setelah itu ASP Mulai masuk di Stasiun Indosiar tanggal 7 Januari 2013 – 28 Februari 2014, dan karena Indosiar adalah partner SCTV, maka otomatis ASP juga berada di SCTV. Namun, karena SCTV mengakuisisi SinemArt sejak Februari 2017, ASP pindah ke Trans7 dan diakuisisi oleh Trans Media.", "Patroli (acara televisi)\nPatroli adalah program berita kriminal yang disiarkan di Indosiar setiap hari pukul 10.30 sampai 11.00 WIB dan 01:00 sampai 01:30 WIB\nDi program patroli indosiar ada segmen baru yaitu Jeng Patrol", "Harsiwi Achmad\nHarsiwi Achmad lahir di Karanganyar, Jawa Tengah, 29 Agustus 1966. Dia merupakan salah satu tokoh pertelevisian Indonesia, yang memiliki pengalaman dalam bidang program dan produksi di beberapa stasiun televisi Indonesia. Sejak tahun 2010, Harsiwi dipercaya menjadi Direktur Program dan Produksi di SCTV dan Indosiar yang utamanya mengelola acara-acara reality seperti kompetisi musik dan ajang penghargaan seperti D'Academy dan D'Academy Asia yang ditayangkan hampir setiap hari di Indosiar. Dalam menangani program tersebut, dia bekerja sama dengan Direktur Artistik Indra Yudhistira. Sebelumnya, selama 6,5 tahun, Harsiwi dipercaya memegang jabatan yang sama di stasiun RCTI.", "Akademi Fantasi Indosiar Musim I\nAkademi Fantasi Indosiar Musim I adalah musim pertama dari acara pencarian bakat Akademi Fantasi Indosiar. Dimulai dengan konser perdana yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 6 Desember 2003 dan berakhir dengan konser inaugurasi pada tanggal 6 Maret 2004.", "Indosiar\nKategori:Stasiun televisi Indonesia Kategori:Stasiun televisi yang berdiri pada tahun 1995", "Mamamia Show\nMamamia adalah acara realitas yang ditayangkan di salah satu stasiun televisi Indonesia, Indosiar. Acara ini pertama kali masuk dalam program TV di Indosiar pada tahun 2007 hingga tahun 2010. Acara ini adalah lomba nyanyi yang dimanajeri oleh sang ibu, diikuti oleh beberapa remaja putri di Mamamia. Merupakan acara adaptasi dari stasiun tv Amerika Serikat yang berbahasa Spanyol Telemundo yang bernama Quinceanera. Paramytha Lestari Mulyarto menjadi pemenang acara ini pada 11 September 2007 dengan mengalahkan Margareth Siagian sang runner-up pada musim pertama. Sementara Maria Anggreini Grace Kelly Habeahan menjadi pemenang pada 18 Juli 2008 mengalahkan Williana Saraswati sang runner-up pada musim kedua. Inka Mayang Marindra menjadi pemenang pada 18 Juni 2010 mengalahkan Putri Rama Siagian sang runner-up pada musim ketiga. Hingga kini telah memasuki musim ketiga dan tidak dilanjutkan kembali. Mamamia Show memenangkan Panasonic Awards untuk kategori Musik & Variety Show Terbaik pada tahun 2009.", "INews\niNews pertama kali bersiaran pada tanggal 5 Maret 2008 dengan nama SUN TV. Awalnya, SUN TV hanya dapat disaksikan melalui televisi berlangganan Indovision (sekarang MNC Vision), OkeVision, dan Top TV. Dalam perkembangannya, SUN TV kemudian mengudara secara terestrial sebagai televisi lokal setelah membangun beberapa stasiun relai di Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi yang disiarkan melalui stasiun televisi yang berbasis di Tangerang bernama TV3, yang awalnya hanya menayangkan infomersial di sela-sela waktu kosong. Sementara induknya, SUN TV tetap menayangkan programnya untuk pemirsa di Indovision, OkeVision, dan Top TV. SUN TV juga merupakan televisi lokal di Indonesia pertama yang mengudara selama 24 jam tanpa henti. Namun, pada tahun 2011, TV3 melepaskan diri dari SUN TV dan kemudian diambilalih kepemilikannya oleh CTV Banten.\nPada tanggal 26 September 2011, SUN TV berubah nama menjadi SINDOtv yang merupakan bagian dari sinergi Sindo Media bersama Sindo Trijaya FM dan SINDOnews.com. 3 tahun kemudian, tepatnya pada 23 September 2014, secara resmi Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika RI memberikan izin stasiun jaringan bagi SINDOtv. Kemudian pada 15 Desember 2014, SINDOtv resmi diluncurkan sebagai televisi nasional dalam acara \"Soft Launching Luar Biasa!\".\nSINDOtv secara resmi mengubah namanya menjadi iNews TV setelah mengadakan ajang penghargaan \"iNewsmaker Awards\" yang dilaksanakan pada tanggal 6 April 2015. Selain itu, televisi lokal yang berada di bawah jaringan televisi ini turut berganti nama menjadi iNews TV (kecuali Kaltim TV).", "Senayan City\nSCTV resmi berkantor di Senayan City nama menjadi \"SCTV Tower\" (artinya \"Menara SCTV\") dari lantai 11 dengan stasiun televisi bersiaran nasional sejak pada tanggal hari Jumat, 1 Februari 2008 yang sebelumnya berada dari Wisma Graha SCTV di Jalan Jendral Gatot Subroto Kavling. 21 dari kelurahan Karet Semanggi, kecamatan Setiabudi, Jakarta Selatan. Komplek Senayan City ditargetkan menjadi \"Informasi\", \"Super Komplek Media\", \"Variety & Entertainment\" dan \"Lifestyle\" nomor. 1 pertama di Indonesia dengan konsep ini diharapkan SCTV menjadi \"Pionner\" dalam pengembangan \"New Media Television\" Kelahiran berusia umur 17-tahun pada tanggal 24 Agustus 1990 di Surabaya, Peresmian stasiun televisi oleh SCTV dan Indosiar awal pertengahan pada tahun 2008 yang bertempat pindah ke Menara SCTV dari Wisma Senayan City di Jalan Asia Afrika Lot. 19 dari kelurahan Kebayoran Baru, kecamatan Kebayoran Baru, kota Jakarta Selatan perdalam Menara SCTV atau SCTV Tower dari berapa 970-perusahaan pindahan ke kantor bianis stasiun televisi yang direnovasi sejak pada tanggal hari Jumat, 1 Februari 2008, SCTV operasional sejenis studio berita dan ruangan redaksi oleh Liputan 6 yang direnovasi sejak pada tanggal hari Senin, 18 Agustus 2008 pagi ini sejak sekitar pada pukul 05:00 sampai dengan 06:30 WIB/06:00 sampai dengan 07:30 WITA/07:00 sampai dengan 08:30 WITA dari selama 1-setengah jam sisanya 90-menit atau 1-jam 30-menit (1,5-jam) dengan mengudara studio perkantor baru dan siaran lambang logo baru mengudara wajah baru yaitu mulai program berita sarapan adalah \"Liputan 6 Pagi\" dan perusahaan rumah studio produksi yang baru oleh Screenplay Productions yang direnovasi sejak pada tanggal hari Selasa, 24 Agustus 2010 dengan program acara pertama digelar ialah memperkenalkan adalah sinetron berjudul \"Arini\" yang dimulai tayangkam perdana sejak pada tanggal hari Senin, 29 November 2010 malam ini sejak sekitar pada pukul 20:30 sampai dengan 22:00 WIB/21:30 sampai dengan 23:00 WITA/22:30 sampai dengan 00:00 WITA dari selama 1-setengah jam sisanya 90-menit atau 1-jam 30-menit (1,5-jam) dalam kantor bisnis perusahaan.", "Infrastruktur telekomunikasi\nSejarah pertelevisian Indonesia dimulai sejak stasiun televisi milik pemerintah, Televisi Republik Indonesia atau TVRI mulai mengudara pada tahun 1962 dan menjadi satu-satunya saluran televisi di Indonesia. Seiring dengan berkembangnya kebutuhan masyarakat akan informasi dan hiburan, muncul berbagai saluran televisi baru milik swasta seperti Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia (RCTI) dan Surya Citra Televisi (SCTV) pada tahun 1989 dan tahun 1990 yang kemudian diikuti oleh pendirian Indosiar dan Televisi Pendidikan Indonesia (TPI). Semenjak masa itu, semakin banyak saluran televisi bermunculan dengan berbagai program informasi yang ditawarkan.", "Televisi berlangganan\nDi Indonesia televisi berlangganan yang pertama kali hadir adalah Indovision, yang berdiri pada 8 Agustus 1988. Indovision juga dikenal sebagai televisi berlangganan yang pertama kali menggunakan satelit penyiaran langsung (\"Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS)\").", "D'Academy\nD'Academy atau disingkat DA (nama lain atau kepanjangan dari Dangdut Academy) adalah acara musik realitas sekaligus ajang pencarian bakat penyanyi dangdut terbesar pertama di Indonesia yang ditayangkan oleh Indosiar. Diciptakan oleh Programming Indosiar. Produksi dilaksanakan oleh Tim Produksi Indosiar (2014-2016) dan Indonesia Entertainmen Produksi (2017). Acara ini sukses membuat musik dangdut yang sempat mati suri menjadi bangkit dan berkembang kembali, hingga acara ini berhasil menjadi ajang pencarian bakat nomor satu di Indonesia. Kesuksesan acara ini membuahkan hasil yaitu dengan adanya program \"D’ Academy Celebrity\" dan \"D’ Academy Asia.\"", "Liga Dangdut Indonesia\nLiga Dangdut Indonesia adalah sebuah ajang pencarian bakat penyanyi dangdut di Indonesia yang diciptakan oleh Programming Indosiar. Produksi dilaksanakan oleh Indonesia Entertainmen Produksi (2018). Acara ini mulai ditayangkan di Indosiar pada tanggal 15 Januari 2018, dan merupakan ajang pencarian bakat musik terbesar yang mengumpulkan penyanyi dangdut bertalenta dari seluruh provinsi di Indonesia. Sesuai dengan \"tagline-\"nya \"Seni Menyatukan\", Liga Dangdut Indonesia bertujuan untuk mempersatukan Indonesia melalui musik dangdut. Maka dari itu, ajang ini akan mengadu talenta penyanyi dangdut terbaik dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia. Kemudian setiap kontestan juga akan menjadi duta dari daerahnya masing-masing yang berjuang demi memperebutkan satu tempat juara.", "Tutur Tinular (sinetron 2011)\nTutur Tinular versi 2011 adalah sebuah sinetron kolosal produksi Genta Buana Paramita yang disutradarai oleh Vasant M. Patel dengan mengangkat tema cerita Tutur Tinular karya S. Tidjab. Meskipun awalnya sinetron ini mengikuti alur cerita sandiwara radio Tutur Tinular yang asli dan memperoleh rating sepuluh besar, akhirnya Tutur Tinular versi 2011 mengalami pengembangan kisah yang amat sangat melenceng dari kisah aslinya memperoleh kecaman dari pemirsa.[1] Sinetron ini disiarkan di Indosiar dari tanggal 26 September 2011 dan berakhir tanggal 3 September 2012.[2]", "Siti Nurhaliza\nPada 1997, Siti mulai menjadi figur terkenal di industri musik Indonesia ketika kisahnya muncul dalam salah satu majalah paling populer di Indonesia, Pos Kota, dalam edisi April 1997. Siti diangkat sebagai seorang figur yang hebat karena merupakan hal yang sulit bagi artis-artis luar negeri untuk menarik perhatian dalam industri musik Indonesia jika artis tersebut kurang tawaran dibandingkan artis-artis dalam negeri. Siti juga dikatakan menjadi penyanyi Malaysia pertama yang mengadakan konser siaran langsung di Indosiar, sebuah stasiun televisi populer di Indonesia dan acara tersebut ditayangkan di seluruh belahan negara tersebut. Siti telah menjadi salah satu artis paling berpengaruh di Indonesia dan ia mengadakan serangkaian konser berskala besar di Jakarta, Bandung, Yogyakarta dan beberapa kota lainnya pada beberapa tahun berikutnya. Pada tahun yang sama, ia memenangkan kategori Artis Baru Terbaik dan Lagu Terbaik (\"Jerat Percintaan\") dari Anugerah Industri Muzik.", "The Lost World\nThe Lost World adalah sebuah serial televeisi Amerika Serikat berjenis petualangan dan misteri yang mengudara pada tahun 1999. Pada tahun 2001, serial ini pernah ditayangkan di Indonesia melalui layar kaca Indosiar setiap hari Sabtu pukul 17.00 WIB.", "The Voice Indonesia (musim pertama)\nMusim tersebut menjadi musim satu-satunya penayangan \"The Voice Indonesia\" di Indosiar. Hal tersebut disebabkan rendahnya penerimaan (\"rating\") dari acara ini. Pada tahun 2016, RCTI mengambil alih penayangan \"The Voice Indonesia\" dengan menayangkan musim kedua acara ini.", "Pantura Show\nPantura Show merupakan sebuah acara televisi yang ditayangkan oleh Indosiar setiap setiap hari pada pukul 20.00 WIB. Acara ini pertama kali dimulai pada tanggal 3 Januari 2017. Berisi acara yang berhubungan dengan musik dan mengudara selama 4 jam. Ini merupakan sequel dari Bintang Pantura.\nTentang Pantura Show", "Singasari, Jonggol, Bogor\nNama \"Singasari\" mulai dikenal dan diresmikan sejak tanggal 5 Januari 2000 jam 07.00 wib pagi oleh Gubernur Jawa Barat yang saat itu, R. NURIANA dan Presiden RI yang saat itu, K. H. ABDURRAHMAN WAHID atau \"GUSDUR\", akibat perubahan nama dari \"Pelet\" menjadi \"Singasari\" dalam acara \"PERESMIAN DESA SINGASARI SEBAGAI NAMA PENGGANTI DESA PELET\" pada jam 06.30-08.30 wib di Stasiun TV RCTI, SCTV, TPI/Televisi keluarga indonesia (sekarang MNCTV), ANTeve (sekarang antv) dan Indosiar dengan berangsur-angsur pindah dari Pelet ke Singasari. Sebelumnya nama desa disebut Pelet dan sebelumnya juga disebut \"Bpd (Blok penduduk) B - IV\" yang telah ditetapkan menjadi desa pada tahun 1981. Namun pada tanggal 2 Januari 1994, dibentuk desa baru yakni desa Weninggalih, Jonggol, Bogor, yang merupakan pemekaran dari desa Pelet serta diresmikan pada tanggal 6 Januari 1994 oleh Gubernur Jawa Barat yang saat itu, R. NURIANA dan Presiden RI yang saat itu, H. M. SOEHARTO.", "Happy Song\nHappy Song ditayangkan di Indosiar pada April 2009, setahun setelah penayangan Missing Lyrics di Trans TV. Rating acara Happy Song dan Missing Lyrics sangat bersaing saat itu, sehingga dua acara ini menjadi dua program kuis musik terhebat yang menemani pemirsa selama dua tahun.", "Ikatan Jurnalis Televisi Indonesia\n25 April 1998\nBerawal dari pembicaraan beberapa reporter Indosiar dan SCTV, yang sedang mengadakan peliputan di Pulau Panjang Kepulauan Seribu, maka disepakati ide pembentukan Organisasi Jurnalis Televisi , yang bisa menjadi wadah pemberdayaan dan peningkatan profesi para jurnalis televisi. Pertemuan ini melahirkan gagasan pembentukan organisasi jurnalis televisi swasta dan pemerintah.", "Tebe &amp; Kaka Cantik\n'Tebe & Kaka Cantik' adalah sebuah sinetron yang ditayangkan di Indosiar diproduksikan oleh Amanah Surga Productions pada Senin, 7 Januari 2013.", "Indosiar\nSejak tahun 2013, tayangan adzan maghrib dan shubuh di Indosiar hanya dapat di saksikan melalui antena UHF di beberapa kota tertentu menurut waktu sholat di wilayah setempat/daerah stasiun relai yang bersangkutan saja (khususnya di Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, Yogyakarta dan Semarang), begitu juga dengan SCTV. Tayangan adzan maghrib dan shubuh di Indosiar dapat di saksikan melalui live streaming di Vidio.com, serta dapat juga di saksikan melalui tv berlangganan nexmedia. Sedangkan tayangan adzan maghrib dan shubuh di satelit Palapa D tidak dapat di saksikan (diacak) dan diganti dengan program iklan dan hanya dapat di tayangkan selama ramadhan saja.", "UFO (sinetron)\nUFO adalah salah satu sinetron stripping yang ditayangkan oleh Indosiar yang diproduksi oleh Soraya Intercine Films dan juga sinetron Indonesia pertama yang menampilkan Objek Luar Angkasa dan Alien. Kemudian ditayangkan ulang di ANTV pada tanggal 18 Juni 2016.", "Bintang Pantura (Musim 2)\nBintang Pantura (Musim 2) adalah sebuah ajang pencarian bakat penyanyi dangdut pantura musim kedua dari Bintang Pantura yang ditayangkan di Indosiar. Diciptakan oleh Programming Indosiar, dan produksi dilaksanakan oleh Tim Produksi Indosiar. Acara ini mulai diadakan pada 27 Juli, dan babak final tanggal 6 November 2015. Di musim ini mentor memiliki kuota sebanyak empat belas finalis.", "Akademi Sahur Asia\nAkademi Sahur Asia atau disingkat AKSI Asia adalah sebuah acara realitas dan pencarian bakat yang ditayangkan di Indosiar selama bulan Ramadhan, setiap Sahur selama bulan Ramadhan. Diciptakan oleh Programming Indosiar, dan diproduksi oleh Tim Produksi Indosiar (2013-2016). AKSI Asia merupakan program acara kombinasi antara reality dan variety show yang bertujuan untuk mencari ustadz dan ustadzah baru yang memiliki karakter unik dalam menyampaikan dakwahnya.", "Akademi Fantasi Indosiar\nPada musim pertama, pihak dewan juri Indosiar dan AFI menyeleksi para calon didiknya atau yang disebut para \"akademia\" dari 4 kota besar di Indonesia, meliputi Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya, dan Medan . Dari 4 kota itu diadakanlah audisi yang diikuti oleh ribuan peserta untuk mendapatkan 12 orang yang nantinya akan terpilih untuk mendapat pendidikan oleh para pengajar selma kurang lebih selama 90 hari di Jakarta.\nPada awal bulan Desember 2003, ke 12 akademia AFI diperkenalkan melalui dua kali konser non eliminasi. Konser Eliminasi pertama digelar pada akhir bulan Desember dengan sistem penilaian SMS dan premuim call. Setelah 9 minggu menggelar Konser Eliminasi, Akademi Fantasi Indosiar musim pertama (2003-2004) dimenangkan oleh Veri Affandi, finalis audisi Medan yang berhasil menyisihkan Kia Suban dan Mawar Febra di malam Grand Final dengan mengantongi lebih dari 42% SMS dari pemirsa Indosiar.\nKemenangan Veri yang tidak diduga jika dilihat di dari perjalanan musim pertama yang lebih memfavoritkan Mawar dan Dicky di awal awal minggu, membuat banyak orang menilai kemenangan Veri hanya dikarenakan faktor popularitas dan cerita tentang masa lalu Veri yang banyak menyentuh hati pemirsa, terutama ibu-ibu. Komentar dan penampilan baik yang ditampilkan Mawar dan Kia di malam Grand Final tetap tidak membuat polling sms Veri mampu terkejar. Veri yang masa lalunya dikisahkan cukup menuai banyak perjalanan pahit membuat polling smsnya tiba tiba melonjak menjelang minggu ke-7, dan tidak dapat dikejar sampai malam Grand Final oleh finalis lain, termasuk Mawar.", "The Voice Indonesia\nThe Voice Indonesia (sering disingkat TVI) adalah acara realitas kompetisi menyanyi dan ajang pencarian bakat Indonesia yang mulai mengudara di stasiun TV Indosiar pada tanggal 10 Februari 2013, sejak musim kedua pindah ke RCTI dan pada musim ketiga pindah ke GTV. Acara ini diadaptasi dari kompetisi menyanyi Belanda berjudul \"The Voice of Holland\", yang ditayangkan oleh RTL 4. Format program ini adalah audisi buta, babak tempur, babak gugur dan pertunjukan langsung. The Voice Indonesia memenangkan Panasonic Gobel Awards untuk kategori \"Pencarian Bakat dan Reality Show Terbaik\" pada tahun 2016.\nSetiap peserta tampil di panggung, posisi duduk \"coach\" berada di depan kontestan namun menghadap ke arah belakang yang berarti \"coach\" hanya bisa mendengarkan suara kontestan tanpa melihat fisiknya. Jika \"coach\" suka dengan suara kontestan, \"coach\" hanya perlu menekan tombol lalu kursi bertuliskan \"I WANT YOU\" pun dan berputar ke arah panggung. Jika lebih dari 1 \"coach\" menekan tombol, maka peserta memiliki hak untuk memilih \"coach\" pilihannya.", "Akademi Fantasia\nSenarai Guru dan Tenaga Pengajar di \nIndonesia: \"Akademi Fantasi Indosiar\" - telah menamatkan 6 musim dan menerbitkan rancangan AFI Junior 2008 yang sedang disiarkan. Musim 1 bersiaran pada Desember 2003, saluran IndosiarAcara ini akan kembali untuk musim keenam pada tahun 2013 setelah 7 tahun terhenti.", "Indosiar\nIndosiar adalah salah satu stasiun televisi swasta nasional di Indonesia. Stasiun televisi ini beroperasi dari Daan Mogot, Jakarta Barat. Indosiar awalnya didirikan dan dikuasai oleh Salim Group. Pada tahun 2004, Indosiar merupakan bagian dari PT. Indosiar Karya Media Tbk. (sebelumnya PT. Indovisual Citra Persada) yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (dahulu Bursa Efek Jakarta). Pada 13 Mei 2011, mayoritas saham PT. Indosiar Karya Media Tbk. dibeli oleh PT. Elang Mahkota Teknologi Tbk., pemilik SCTV (melalui SCM sebelum bergabung dengan IDKM) dan O Channel, menjadikan ketiga stasiun televisi berada dalam satu pengendalian.[1][2] Kini, stasiun televisi ini resmi dikuasai oleh SCM pasca bergabung dengan IDKM dan \"bersaudara\" dengan SCTV.", "Elang Mahkota Teknologi\nPada 13 Mei 2011, Emtek resmi membeli saham Indosiar Karya Media (induk Indosiar) 27,24% dari PT Prima Visualindo. Pada akhir penawaran tender wajib, EMTEK resmi menguasai Indosiar dengan saham 84,77%.", "Akademi Fantasi Indosiar\nAFI dipimpin oleh seorang kepala sekolah. Masing-masing musim di AFI digelar satu kali konser Perdana, sembilan kali konser Eliminasi, satu kali konser E-Club (Elimination Club, untuk AFI 1 hingga 4, dan Wildcard untuk AFI musim 5), satu kali konser Road To Final (pada AFI musim 4 dan 5), satu konser Grand Final, dan satu konser Inaugurasi. Tiap konser, para akademia akan dikomentari oleh tiga komentator, satu komentator tetap dan dua komentator tamu. AFI memiliki 12 akademia di masing-masing musim. Mereka dimasukkan ke dalam sebuah asrama untuk dikarantina dan diajarkan berbagai hal yang berkaitan dengan menyanyi, menari, berakting, bahasa inggris, dan sebagainya. Para Juara dari AFI berhak meraih uang tunai, paket wisata, dan satu unit mobil mewah. Apabila konser Inaugurasi telah usai, mereka langsung masuk ke dapur rekaman untuk dibuat album kompilasi hasil kerja sama Indosiar dengan Sony Music Indonesia.\nSistem \"voting\" AFI adalah melalui SMS dan \"Premium Call\". Akademia dengan perolehan suara terendah harus dieliminasi di tiap minggunya. AFI memiliki lima rancangan, yaitu:\nPada tahun 2003, dunia pertelevisian Indonesia dipenuhi oleh berbagai tayangan sinetron dan minim tayangan pencarian bakat. Indosiar, dengan kreatifnya membeli hak siar Akademi Fantasia Malaysia di Astro Ria dan La Academia Mexico di Azteca TV pada akhir tahun 2003. AFI merupakan ajang pencarian bakat yang mempopulerkan acara \"reality show\" di Indonesia. Bermula dari audisi di empat kota besar, Medan, Jakarta, Bandung, dan Surabaya, dipilihlah 12 akademia yang akan berkompetisi di AFI. Acara ini mencari seorang pemenang yang diharapkan dapat sukses di blantika musik Indonesia. Dengan konser yang diadakan tiap minggunya dan melibatkan penonton sebagai penentu akademia yang tereliminasi membuat program ini cukup digemari karena memberi warna baru dalam program pencarian bakat yang ada pada saat itu.", "Jemmy Darusman\nSejak tahun 2008 sampai 2012 dia bekerja di tvOne sebagai Reporter dan Presenter, yang membawakan program berita Kabar Pagi, Kabar Siang, dan Apa Kabar Indonesia Pagi.\nSejak tahun 2012 hingga sekarang dia bekerja di Indosiar sebagai News Produser dan Presenter yang membawakan program berita Fokus Pagi, Fokus Sore, dan Program Khusus Dialog.", "Seinfeld\nSerial ini pada awalnya selalu terancam dibatalkan, namun mulai meledak pada tahun ketiga dan terutama tahun keempat. Topik-topik cerita yang kontroversial dan gaya komedi yang unik membuatnya menjadi serial nomor satu di AS sampai pada tahun kesembilan. Setelah itu mereka tidak memperpanjang kontrak mereka dan serial ini dihentikan di puncak ketenarannya. Terutama pada tahun-tahun awal, setiap episode selalu diawali dan diakhiri dengan Jerry melakukan \"standup comedy\" dengan tema yang berhubungan dengan cerita minggu itu.\nDi Indonesia, serial ini pernah ditayangkan oleh Indosiar pada pertengahan tahun 1990an.", "Satria (sinetron)\nSatria merupakan sebuah sinetron yang ditayangkan stasiun siaran media televisi saluran asli di Indosiar dan yang diproduksi studio video production house motion pictures di Tripar Multivision Plus setiap hari Senin hingga Jumat (pada hari kerja) mulai pada pukul 19:00 sampai dengan pada pukul 20:00 WIB pada tahun 2011 sampai dengan pada tahun 2012 mulai perdana pertama kali mengudara diluncurkan sejak pada tanggal hari Rabu, 25 November 2011 hingga akhir penutup selesai kali berhenti siaran diubarkan tamat sejak pada tanggal hari Jumat, 24 Februari 2012 berapa jumlah oleh 68-episode dan pemainnya antara lain ialah Endi Arfian, Nasya Marcella, Gessy Selvia, Reza Aditya dan Tiara Westlake.", "Seputar Indonesia Sore\nMulai 10 Februari 2009, program Buletin Siang sudah ditiadakan dan diganti dengan Seputar Indonesia Siang.Buletin Malam adalah program berita pertama yang memuat berita-berita internasional yang diproduksi oleh stasiun televisi swasta di Indonesia. Buletin Malam pertama kali mengudara di RCTI pada tanggal 1 Februari 1991. Ditayangkan menjelang tengah malam, Buletin Malam yang dipandu oleh Helmi Johannes saat itu merupakan adaptasi dari program CNN International News yang berisikan berita-berita internasional. Pada saat itu para penyiar berita dalam membacakan kembali berita-berita CNN World News yang direkam di Associated Press. Buletin Malam mulai menambah segmen berita dalam negeri sejak 1996 dan porsi berita Buletin Malam 50% dari dalam negeri dan 50% dari luar negeri. Buletin Malam memiliki format 2 penyiar pada awal kemunculannya kemudian pada 1 Agustus 1997 Buletin Malam mengubah format menjadi 1 penyiar.", "Putri Cahaya\nPutri Cahaya adalah sebuah sinetron yang ditayangkan oleh Indosiar.", "RCTI\nRCTI (singkatan dari Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia) adalah stasiun televisi swasta Indonesia pertama. Pada awalnya didirikan sebagai perusahaan patungan dengan kepemilikan saat itu adalah Bimantara Citra (69,82%) dan Rajawali Wirabhakti Utama (30,18%).[1] RCTI pertama mengudara pada 13 November 1988 dan diresmikan 24 Agustus 1989 dan pada waktu itu, siaran RCTI hanya dapat ditangkap oleh pelanggan yang memiliki dekoder dan membayar iuran setiap bulannya. RCTI melepas dekodernya pada akhir 1989. Pemerintah mengizinkan RCTI melakukan siaran bebas secara nasional sejak tahun 1990 tetapi baru terwujud pada akhir 1991 setelah membuat RCTI Bandung pada 1 Mei 1991. Sejak Oktober 2003, RCTI dimiliki oleh Media Nusantara Citra, kelompok perusahaan media yang juga memiliki GTV dan MNCTV. Pada tahun 2004, RCTI termasuk stasiun televisi yang besar di Indonesia. RCTI telah memiliki hak siar atas ajang sepak bola bergengsi Eropa, Euro 2008 bersama GTV dan MNCTV.", "Insya Allah Ada Jalan\nInsya Allah Ada Jalan merupakan sebuah sinetron yang ditayangkan stasiun siaran media televisi saluran asli di SCTV dan yang diproduksi studio video production house motion pictures di Digital Network Aestheic setiap hari pukul jam 20:00 WIB pada tahun 2012 mulai perdana pertama kali mengudara diluncurkan sejak pada tanggal hari Senin, 16 Juli 2012 dan akhir penutup selesai kali berhenti siaran diubarkan tamat sejak pada tanggal hari Kamis, 23 Agustus 2012 berapa jumlah oleh 39-episode dan pemainnya antara lain ialah Maher Zain dan Fadly Padi.\nKEBETULAN juga Maher Zain punya kenalan, Fadli (Fadli \"Padi\") di Indonesia. Maka Fadli menjemput Maher Zain di bandara dan membantu Maher Zain selama berada di Indonesia.", "Akademi Sahur Indonesia\nBerkat kesuksesan acara ini pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya, pada tahun 2018 Indosiar mengadakan program sempalan dengan skala lebih luas, yaitu Akademi Sahur Asia (AKSI Asia) 2018, dengan tujuan untuk mencari bakat dan menghimpun persaudaraan antar negara-negara di wilayah Asia, seperti Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Singapura, serta Timor Leste.", "Inayah\nInayah adalah Sinetron bertemakan drama lanjutan dari Hareem yang ditayangkan oleh Indosiar yang diproduksi oleh Soraya Intercine Films. Hareem tidak dilanjutkan karena mendapat cekalan dari Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia (KPI) karena diduga melecehkan agama, khususnya Islam. Kemudian Inayah hadir sebagai pengganti Hareem dengan perubahan yang drastis. Semula tokoh perempuan yang berjilbab kini menjadi tanpa jilbab dan bersifat modernis/pembaharuan penyiar sinetron ini dibintangi antara lain oleh Shandy Aulia dan Sharon Jessica berapa jumlah oleh 2 Season dan 317 Episode sekaligus oleh 252 Episode. sinetron ini pertama tayang mulai sejak tanggal Selasa, 31 Maret 2009 menggantikan Hareem dan sinetron episode terakhir tamat tanggal Rabu, 30 Desember 2009. Sinetron ini pada Senin sampai Sabtu tayang pukul 19.00 WIB.", "Akademi Syiar Indonesia Junior Musim Pertama\nAkademi Syiar Indonesia Junior adalah sebuah ajang pencarian bakat ustad dan ustadzah cilik yang ditayangkan di Indosiar Selama di bulan puasa ramadhan", "Indonesian Dangdut Awards\nIndosiar sendiri bisa dikatakan telah berhasil mengubah pandangan musik dangdut yang dulunya mereka sering mengenakan pakaian vulgar menjadi lebih anggun. Namun, hal ini tidak lantas membuat cepat puas. Stasiun televisi ini berencana akan memproduksi beberapa acara serupa yang tetap berkomitmen untuk mengembangkan musik dangdut.", "Heri Horeh\nRupanya Heri masih belum puas dengan pencapaian yang diperolehnya di SUCI 5. Beberapa bulan setelah SUCI 5 selesai digelar, Heri kembali mengikuti kompetisi \"stand up comedy\" bertajuk Stand Up Comedy Academy (SUCA) yang diadakan oleh Indosiar. Karena hal ini, Heri menjadi komika pertama yang bisa mengikuti dua kompetisi \"stand up comedy\" di dua stasiun TV berbeda pada satu periode yang sama. Heri sendiri di SUCA hanya mampu bertahan hingga 12 besar saja. Pasca kompetisi ini, Heri kemudian bergabung sebagai \"crew\" untuk stasiun TV Indosiar.", "Liga Primer Indonesia\nLPI pertama kali disiarkan oleh Indosiar. Indosiar akan menyiarkan secara langsung 68 pertandingan pada setiap hari Sabtu dan Minggu sore. MetroTV juga sempat menyiarkan 1 pertandingan pada pekan pertama. Pada pertengahan Februari 2011, Trans TV dan Trans7 menyusul diumumkan sebagai televisi pemegang hak siar kedua. Trans TV dan Trans7 akan menyiarkan 68 pertandingan pada setiap hari Sabtu dan Minggu malam. Akan tetapi pada pertengahan Maret 2011, Trans Corp (Trans TV dan Trans7) memutuskan kontrak dengan pihak LPI karena alasan persaingan bisnis sponsor LPI dan Trans Corp. Sebelumnya, Trans TV juga digandeng oleh Indosiar untuk menyiarkan turnamen resmi seperti Piala Tiger 2002 dan Liga Indonesia 2004 (bersama antv)", "Kompas Gramedia\nKompas Gramedia, disingkat KG, adalah perusahaan Indonesia yang bergerak di bidang media massa yang didirikan pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1963, berawal dari terbitnya Majalah Intisari, Oleh P.K. Ojong dan Jakob Oetama. Kehadiran Kompas Gramedia tidak terlepas dari sejarah panjang demi mencapai cita-cita mulia dalam rangka mencerdaskan bangsa.", "Take Him Out Indonesia\nTake Him Out Indonesia merupakan sebuah acara realitas yang ditayangkan di Indosiar sejak tanggal 2 Agustus 2009 sampai 29 Desember 2010 di bawah lisensi FremantleMedia. \"Take Him Out Indonesia\" merupakan acara yang bertemakan pencarian pasangan dan mengudara selama 3 jam. Dalam acara ini, 30 pria lajang berdiri di belakang podium untuk memilih 7 wanita lajang yang diperkenalkan. Dipandu oleh Choky Sitohang dan Yuanita Christiani.\nSejak bulan Oktober 2010 hingga tamat, Rizal Syahdan menjadi pembawa acara pria menggantikan Choky Sitohang.", "Indosiar Karya Media\nPT Indosiar Karya Media Tbk () (sebelumnya bernama PT Indovisual Citra Persada) adalah kelompok perusahaan media asal Indonesia. Perusahaan ini resmi mengakhiri operasinya pada 6 Mei 2013 menyusul penggabungan ke dalam Surya Citra Media.", "Indosiar\nSelain itu, Indosiar juga memopulerkan sinetron Indonesia yang bertemakan cinta dan keluarga (dimulai sejak munculnya Tersanjung), acara-acara realitas yang melibatkan emosi penonton dan SMS secara langsung (dimulai sejak munculnya AFI), infotainment KISS (Kisah Seputar Selebritis), dan juga program berita seperti Fokus dan Patroli. Indosiar juga menayangkan kartun yang cukup banyak setiap hari Minggu yaitu dari pukul 06.30 sampai 12.00 WIB. Kartun yang pernah populer di Indosiar adalah Dragon Ball, Digimon, Pokemon, Bleach, Naruto, Gundam, dan lain-lain.", "Mandala dari Sungai Ular (sinetron)\nMandala Dari Sungai Ular merupakan sebuah sinetron kolosal produksi Genta Buana Paramita yang ditayangkan di Indosiar pada tahun 2004. . Cerita dalam serial ini dibuat secara lepas berdasarkan serial komik \"Mandala\" yang diciptakan oleh MAN. Pemain utama di sinetron ini ialah Temmy Rahadi, Revi Mariska, Alenta S. Hombing, Uliasari, Ahmad Affandy, dll.\nPada 1970 hingga 1980-an, komik buatan komikus MAN yang menceritakan tentang pendekar silat bernama Mandala cukup populer di kalangan penggemar komik di Indonesia. Popularitasnya membuat komik ini pernah diangkat ke layar lebar \"Golok Setan\" tahun 1983 yang dibintangi Barry Prima dan Advent Bangun. Berdasarkan popularitas tersebut, Indosiar menghadirkan kembali kisah Mandala dalam bentuk sinetron.", "Sekai Ninja Sen Jiraiya\nFilm seri ini ditayangkan TV Asahi dari 24 Januari 1988 hingga 22 Januari 1989. Judul bahasa Inggris yang diberikan oleh Toei adalah \"Ninja Olympiad\" yang merujuk ke Olimpiade Seoul & Olimpiade Musim Dingin 1988 yang diadakan pada saat serial tersebut ditayangkan. Di Indonesia, serial tokusatsu di Jiraiya pernah ditayangkan oleh stasiun televisi Indosiar pada tahun 1999 hingga tahun 2000. Disiarkan ketika sore hari setelah maghrib.", "Beningnya Cinta\nBeningnya Cinta merupakan sebuah sinetron yang ditayangkan stasiun siaran media televisi saluran asli di Indosiar dan yang diproduksi oleh Multivision Plus setiap hari Senin sampai Jumat pukul jam 19:00 pada tahun 2010 mulai perdana pertama kali diluncurkan sejak pada tanggal 14 Juni 2010 dengan jumlah episode 25. Pemainnya antara lain ialah Kadek Devie, Samuel Zylgwyn, Fanny Fabriana, Jeremy Thomas, Sandy Tumiwa, dan masih banyak lagiSinetron ini adalah kisah tentang seorang supir, Indra (Samuel Zylgwyn), dengan majikannya, Arman (Jeremy Thomas), yang selalu saling melindungi dan mengasihi, tanpa mereka tahu bahwa sebenarnya mereka berdua adalah kakak dan adik. Namun ketika sang kakak dan sang adik ternyata jatuh cinta pada Bening (Kadek Devie), seorang wanita yang cantik, baik, tegar dan penuh dengan ujian hidup, akankah Indra akan merelakan wanita yang dicintainya untuk Arman, kakaknya, atau kah sebaliknya, akankah Arman yang memilih untuk mundur demi kehabagiaan adiknya, Indra ?", "Stasiun Bumi Jatiluhur\nPada 18 Oktober 1994 Indosat menjadi perusahaan Indonesia pertama yang mencatat sahamnya di \"New York Exchange\" dengan \"”The best IPO deal of the year”, \"sedangkan di dalam negeri saham Indosat tercatat Bursa Efek Jakarta dan Bursa Efek Surabaya, dengan kata lain Indosat menjadi perusahaan terbuka yang dituntut untuk selalu menciptakan nilai tambah bagi pemegang saham secara berkesinambungan. Komposisi saham Indosat saat itu, 57% pemerintah RI (diwakili Meneg BUMN) dan 47% diperdagangkan di pasar modal, Bursa Efek Jakarta dan, Bursa Efek Surabaya. Pada tanggal 16 Mei 2013, Indosat delisted dari NYSE dan melanjutkan listingnya di Bursa Efek Indonesia.", "Senayan City\nPada tanggal hari Senin, 19 November 2012, Berita Indosiar memindahkan kantor ruangan redaksinya dari Wisma Gedungan Indosiar Television Centre di Jalan Damai Nomor. 11 dari kawasan Daan Mogot, kecamatan Kalideres, kota Jakarta Barat ke Lantai 11 di Menara SCTV dari Wisma Senayan City di Jalan Asia Afrika Lot. 19 dari kelurahan Kebayoran Baru, kecamatan Kebayoran Baru, kota Jakarta Barat yang diupacara peresmian oleh CEO IKM adalah Lie Halim sejak pada tanggal hari Minggu, 18 November 2012 mulai malam ini sejak sekitar pada pukul 19:00 WIB.", "Akademi Syiar Indonesia Junior Musim Ketiga\nAkademi Syiar Indonesia Junior adalah sebuah ajang pencarian bakat ustad dan ustadzah cilik yang ditayangkan di Indosiar Selama di bulan puasa ramadhan. Ini merupakan kelanjutan dari Akademi Syiar Indonesia Junior Musim Kedua pada tahun 2015", "Fatimah (sinetron)\nFatimah (sinetron) adalah sinetron Indonesia tahun 2014 yang ditayangkan di Indosiar setiap hari pukul 19.00WIB. Fatimah merupakan sinetron terakhir yang ditayangkan di Indosiar sebelum jam tayang Prime Time di Indosiar diisi oleh kontes dangdut D'Academy, D'Terong Show, dan beberapa kontes dangdut lainnya.Fatimah, seorang pedagang keliling yang menjual buah-buahan dan juga Ayu yang menjual Es Campur. Mereka tinggal bersama, walaupun hidup mereka cukup sulit Fatimah dan Ayu selalu ceria dan saling mendukung satu sama lain. Hingga suatu hari gerobak buah-buahan milik Fatimah tanpa sengaja menabrak sebuah mobil milik wanita paruh baya yang sangat kaya bernama Diana.", "Akademi Fantasi Indosiar\nPada tahun 2007, AFI dihentikan untuk sementara. Januari 2010, Indosiar secara resmi mengumumkan bahwa AFI akan digelar lagi dengan format yang baru pada saat malam puncak perayaan ulang tahun Indosiar ke 15. Namun, pada saat itu, tanpa alasan yang jelas Indosiar tidak mewujudkannya hingga akhirnya pada Mei 2013, secara resmi melalui akun twitter resmi Indosiar, Indosiar mengumumkan bahwa AFI 2013 akan hadir setelah program \"The Voice Indonesia\" dengan format yang baru dan audisi akan dimulai pada Agustus 2013. AFI resmi diakhiri pada Februari 2014 dan digantikan dengan Dangdut Academy.", "Televisi di Indonesia\nPada tanggal 20 Oktober 1963, pemerintah mengeluarkan Keputusan Presiden (Keppres) tentang pembentukan Yayasan TVRI (Jajasan TVRI) sebagai badan yang mengatur televisi ini. Pada tahun pertama dari siaran TVRI, terdapat 10.000 pemilik televisi di Indonesia. Sejak saat itu, Yayasan TVRI memberikan pajak untuk pemilik televisi sampai tahun 1969, ketika pajak kepemilikan televisi dipindahkan melalui surat dan pengiriman udara ke seluruh negeri. Dari tahun 1963 sampai 1976, TVRI mendirikan stasiun televisi di Yogyakarta (1965), Medan (1970), Makassar (1972), Balikpapan (1973), dan Palembang (1974). Pada tahun 2001, TVRI memiliki 12 stasiun televisi dan 8 studio produksi. Penyiaran berwarna diperkenalkan pada tanggal 1 September 1979[3] di stasiun TVRI nasional dan lokal, yang diperluas ke ibukota provinsi lainnya. TVRI juga mengadopsi saluran kedua untuk pemirsa Jakarta pada saat bersamaan.", "Senyuman Ananda\nSenyuman Ananda merupakan sebuah sinetron produksi Tripar Multivision Plus yang ditayangkan di Indosiar mulai 2 Desember 2005 hingga tamat pada 10 Februari 2006. Pemain utama di sinetron ini antara lain Nikita Willy, Surya Saputra, Gracia Indri, dan Annisa Trihapsari.", "Metro (acara televisi)\nMetro adalah salah satu acara televisi dari stasiun televisi MetroTV.\nMetro Pagi Primetime (dahulu bernama \"Metro Pagi\") adalah program berita utama di pagi hari yang disiarkan oleh Metro TV. Metro Pagi yang mengudara pertama kali di stasiun televisi berita pertama di Indonesia adalah MetroTV pada tanggal 2 April 2001 dan memiliki kekhasan tertentu karena dibawakan sekaligus oleh 3 penyiar berita, yakni dua orang (pria dan wanita) sebagai penyiar berita utama dan seorang penyiar berita olahraga. Metro Pagi diproduksi Redaksi Metro TV menyusul kesuksesan program Metro Hari Ini, Metro Malam dan Metro Siang, dan dirancang khusus untuk memenuhi keperluan pemirsa terhadap berita di pagi hari. Metro Pagi Primetime mengudara setiap hari pukul 04.30-07.00 WIB.\nMetro Pagi ditayangkan di Metro TV pada awalnya sampai saat ini mengikuti konsep berita dari RCTI (80%), SCTV (15%) dan Indosiar (5%). Pada awal kemunculan, Metro Pagi memilih jam tayang dari pukul 05.30 sampai 07.30 WIB untuk Senin sampai Jumat dan 06.05 sampai 07.00 WIB untuk Sabtu sampai Minggu hingga tahun 2002. Bertepatan ulang tahun MetroTV ke-2, Metro Pagi tayang setiap hari pukul 05.30 hingga 07.00 WIB hingga tahun 2003. Pada akhir tahun 2003, Metro Pagi kurangi durasi menjadi 60-menit (05.30 sampai 06.30 WIB untuk setiap hari) karena masuknya program Editorial Media Indonesia hingga akhir tahun 2005. Ketika program berita pagi stasiun televisi swasta dimajukan ke pukul 05.00 WIB, Metro Pagi juga ikut pindah jam tayang ke pukul 05.05 sampai 06.30 WIB dan kembali berdurasi 90-menit hingga tahun 2008. Pada awal 2008, Metro Pagi kembali kurangi durasi menjadi 60-menit karena pemindahan jam tayang Sport Corner ke pukul 05.05 sampai 06.00 WIB. Pada awal tahun 2009, Metro Pagi kembali berdurasi 90-menit dengan memajukan jam tayang ke pukul 04.30 sampai 06.00 WIB untuk Senin sampai Jumat dan Sabtu sampai Minggu pukul 05.05 sampai 06.00 WIB hingga akhir tahun 2009. Bertepatan ulang tahun Metro TV ke-9, Metro Pagi menambah durasi menjadi 150-menit dari pukul 04.30 sampai 07.00 WIB.", "Indosiar\nLogo yang sekarang digunakan kembali oleh Indosiar awalnya digunakan pada tahun 1995–2007. Namun logo tersebut menimbulkan kontroversi karena logo tersebut sebagai logo saat mengudara di sebelah kiri atas layar TV tabung disinyalir merusak layar TV tabung pada saat itu. Akibatnya layar-layar pada TV tabung di bagian pojok kiri atas jadi berbekas logo Indosiar, apabila diganti ke channel lain.", "Surya Citra Media\nPT Surya Citra Media Tbk () adalah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam industri media berbasis konten. Perusahaan ini memiliki stasiun televisi SCTV dan Indosiar telah tercatat publik di Bursa Efek Indonesia dengan kode sejak pada tanggal 16 Juli 2002 sebagai papan utama.", "Nickelodeon Indonesia\nNickelodeon Indonesia adalah blok acara anak-anak dengan versi Nickelodeon yang dapat dinikmati di Indonesia. Nickelodeon Indonesia diluncurkan pada tahun 2000 di antv dan menjadi tontonan kartun terbaik di Indonesia. Kemudian pada tahun 2004 hak siar Nickelodeon dipegang oleh Lativi (sekarang tvOne). Pada tahun 2006, Nickelodeon diambil alih oleh Media Nusantara Citra yang ditayangkan di Global TV (sekarang GTV) dan SUN TV (sekarang iNews). Namun pada tahun 2010 secara penuh SUN TV sudah tidak menayangkan program Nickelodeon. Di tahun 2019, Trans Media membeli sebagian saham Nickelodeon dari Media Nusantara Citra sebesar 45%.", "Indosiar\nPada awal Mei 2013, Indosiar Karya Media resmi bergabung dengan Surya Citra Media dan membuat stasiun televisi ini dikendalikan oleh satu perusahaan media yang juga menguasai SCTV.[3]", "Harsiwi Achmad\nSCTV menjadi stasiun televisi tempat kedua kali dia berlabuh. Bidang riset dan kreatif menjadi kekuatan ilmu yang dimiliki. Sejak mulai bekerja, dia selalu diandalkan mengurusi penelitian sosial, bidang yang memang sudah didalaminya selama menimba ilmu di perguruan tinggi. Selesai kuliah di UGM, Harsiwi ingin sekali menerapkan ilmu antropologi dalam bidang bisnis. Ternyata, ilmunya cocok di bidang industri pertelevisian yang berhubungan dengan hiburan dan masyarakat sebagai target pasarnya. Siwi mengawali karier selama 1 tahun pada bidang riset di suatu perusahaan yang menjadi cikal bakal stasiun Indosiar.", "Akademi Sahur Asia Musim Pertama\nAkademi Sahur Asia Musim Pertama atau disingkat Aksi Asia adalah suatu ajang pencarian bakat ustad dan ustadzah terbaik yang ditayangkan oleh Indosiar. Acara Ini ditayangkan selama bulan puasa saat sahur. Ini merupakan ajang pertama kalinya di Asia Tenggara.", "Voice Of Indonesia\nVoice Of Indonesia adalah sebuah acara pencarian bakat yang dikemas dalam sebuah program bergenre talent show. Acara ini tayang di Indosiar dan musim pertamanya dimulai 12 Oktober 2010.", "Indosiar\nPada tanggal 23 Maret 2018, Indosiar berhasil memperoleh hak siar Liga 1 bersama O Channel dan tvOne.[5]", "Akademi Sahur Indonesia Musim Kedua\nAkademi Sahur Indonesia 2 atau disingkat Aksi adalah suatu ajang pencarian bakat ustad dan ustadzah terbaik yang ditayangkan oleh Indosiar. Acara Ini ditayangkan selama bulan puasa saat sahur. Ini merupakan kelanjutan dari Akademi Sahur Indonesia Musim Pertama yang tayang di Indosiar.1. Wahid - Medan \n2. Afiv -Banyumas \n3.Azam - Jakarta (Mudik 25 Juli 2014) \n4. Shovi - Malang (Mudik 23 Juli 2014) \n5. Hafidz - Banten (Mudik 23 Juli 2014) ", "Batak Betawi\nBatak Betawi (disingkat BABE) adalah sinetron ditayangkan di Indosiar. Ditayangkan pada hari Rabu / 19:00-20:00 WIB pada 7 Nopember 2001 hingga 5 Juni 2002. Dan ada season 2 nya pada 15 Januari 2003 hingga 7 Mei 2003. Ditayangkan ulang di TPI/MNCTV pada tahun 2006-2007.", "Indosiar\nDirektur Utama Indosiar saat ini adalah Drs. Imam Sudjarwo, MP.", "Indomaret\nIndomaret merupakan jaringan minimarket yang menyediakan kebutuhan pokok dan kebutuhan sehari-hari dengan luas area penjualan kurang dari 200 m2. Toko pertama dengan nama Indomart dibuka di Ancol, Jakarta Utara, pada tahun 1988, dikelola oleh PT. Indomarco Prismatama. Tahun 1997 perusahaan mengembangkan bisnis gerai waralaba pertama di Indonesia, setelah memiliki lebih dari 230 gerai. Jumlah gerai hingga tahun 2015 adalah 11.400 gerai dengan rincian 60% gerai adalah milik sendiri dan sisanya waralaba milik masyarakat. Sampai dengan awal tahun 2017, jumlah gerai sebanyak 13.000 toko. Mitra usaha waralaba ini meliputi: koperasi, badan usaha dan perorangan. Indomaret tersebar merata dari Sumatera, Jawa, Madura, Bali, Lombok, Kalimantan dan Sulawesi. Motto perusahaan adalah \"Mudah dan Hemat\".Pada tahun 2013, PT Dyviacom Intrabumi Tbk (DNET), mengakuisisi 3 perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang retail, yaitu PT Nippon Indosari Corpindo Tbk (Sari Roti), PT Fastfood Indonesia Tbk (KFC) dan PT Indomarco Prismatama (Indomaret). DNET kemudian berubah nama menjadi PT Indoritel Makmur Internasional Tbk, dan menjadi induk perusahaan bagi ketiganya.", "Famili 100\nAcara ini ditayangkan sejak tanggal 1 April 1996 sampai 28 November 1998 (ANteve), 5 Juli 1999 sampai 29 Agustus 2004 (Indosiar), 22 November 2004 sampai 25 Februari 2005 (TV7) (kini Trans7), 4 November 2013 sampai 1 Mei 2015 (Indosiar), 30 Januari 2016 sampai 23 Oktober 2016 (ANTV), 22 April 2017 hingga 30 Juli 2017 (TvOne) dan 27 November 2017 hingga 16 September 2018 (GTV)", "Tutur Tinular\nSukses dalam sandiwara radio dan film layar lebar, \"Tutur Tinular\" kemudian diangkat ke layar perak oleh PT. Genta Buana Pitaloka pada tahun 1997. Serial ini disutradarai oleh Muchlis Raya dan skenario ditulis oleh Imam Tantowi. Ditayangkan pertama kali pada tanggal 25 Oktober 1997 di ANTeve (Season 1), Indosiar (Season 2).", "Indosat Ooredoo\nIndosat didirikan pada tahun 1967 sebagai sebuah perusahaan penanaman modal asing pertama di Indonesia yang menyediakan layanan telekomunikasi internasional melalui satelit internasional. Seiringnya waktu Indosat berkembang menjadi perusahaan telekomunikasi internasional pertama yang dibeli dan dimiliki 100% oleh Pemerintah Indonesia. Pada tahun 1994 Indosat menjadi perusahaan publik yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dan New York Stock Exchange, Pemerintah Indonesia 65% dan publik 35%.", "D'Academy Celebrity\nD Academy Celebrity atau DAC (nama lain atau kepanjangan dari Dangdut Academy Celebrity) adalah acara musik realitas sekaligus ajang pencarian bakat penyanyi dangdut terbesar pertama di Indonesia yang ditayangkan oleh Indosiar. Diciptakan oleh Programming Indosiar. Produksi dilaksanakan oleh Tim Produksi Indosiar (2014 - 2016) dan Indonesia Entertainmen Produksi (2017). Para peserta program ini adalah para artis yang tidak berprofesi sebagai penyanyi dangdut, melainkan merupakan artis yang berprofesi sebagai aktor, aktris, penyanyi pop, pembawa acara, penyiar radio, dan sebagainya. Mereka saling bertarung dan menunjukkan kemampuan terbaik dalam bernyanyi dangdut untuk memperebutkan gelar juara. Musim pertama ditayangkan mulai 11 April 2016 dengan Ihsan Tarore sebagai pemenangnya, sedangkan musim kedua ditayangkan mulai 17 April 2017 dengan Tia AFI sebagai pemenangnya.", "MD Entertainment\nMD pernah bekerja sama dengan Elang Mahkota Teknologi & Surya Citra Media yaitu SCTV pada 5 Agustus 2003 sampai 28 November 2010, kemudian Indosiar pada 7 Juni 2003 sampai 25 September 2011, RCTI pada 1 Agustus 2003 sampai dengan 31 Desember 2016 bekerjasama dengan MNC Media, MNCTV pada 23 Januari 2006 sampai dengan 16 Desember 2016 bekerjasama dengan MNC Media, Global TV pada 29 Oktober 2012 sampai dengan 13 Februari 2013 bekerjasama dengan MNC Media.", "Akademi Sahur Indonesia\nAkademi Sahur Indonesia atau disingkat AKSI adalah sebuah acara realitas dan pencarian bakat yang ditayangkan di Indosiar setiap Sahur selama bulan Ramadhan. Diciptakan oleh Programming Indosiar, dan diproduksi oleh Tim Produksi Indosiar (2013-2016). AKSI merupakan program acara kombinasi antara reality dan variety show yang bertujuan untuk mencari ustadz dan ustadzah baru yang memiliki karakter unik dalam menyampaikan dakwahnya.", "Saat Aku Mencintaimu\nSaat Aku Mencintaimu merupakan sebuah sinetron yang ditayangkan di Indosiar pada tahun 1997. Pemain utama di sinetron ini ialah Inneke Koesherawati, Peggy Melati Sukma, dan masih banyak lagi. Jumlah episodenya adalah 20+.", "Ryan Wiedaryanto\nAwal Februari 2012 Ryan memutuskan pindah ke Indosiar menjadi produser dan juga news presenter. Perubahan management baru di Indosiar membuatnya tertantang sebagai Broadcaster untuk membuat gebrakan baru dalam pertelevisian Indonesia. Zona nyaman di Trans TV harus ia tinggalkan untuk memecut dirinya lebih keras dalam berkarya. Di Indosiar ada kanvas putih yang bisa ia lukis sesuai kemampuan dan kemauannya, dan ia berharap semoga berhasil. Ini tantangan yang harus Ryan taklukkan. Ia berharap semoga karyanya bisa diterima penonton televisi Indonesia.", "Asosiasi Televisi Swasta Indonesia\nPasca reformasi, setelah melalui beberapa kali rapat maka dimatangkan pembentukan asosiasi. Dan pada tanggal 4 Agustus 2000 terbentuklah Asosiasi Televisi Siaran Indonesia (ATVSI) oleh para perwakilan dari 5 stasiun pendiri yaitu RCTI, SCTV, Indosiar, ANteve dan TPI. Para pendiri menuangkan kesepakatan dalam sebuah risalah rapat yang ditandatangani seluruh peserta yang hadir yang memuat antara lain bahwa akan di buat AD/ART dan dibentuk organisasi kepengurusan ATVSI seperti Ketua dan Sekretaris Jenderal. Berdasarkan risalah rapat ini kemudian dibuatlah Akta oleh Notaris Risbeth, SH No. 26, tanggal 30 Januari 2001. Dengan demikian ATVSI sudah sah secara hukum. Untuk pertama kali terpilih sebagai Ketua adalah Anton Nangoy dari ANteve dan Sekretaris Jenderal Soeastomo Soepardji dari Indosiar untuk masa jabatan 2000-2003. Dan sebagai staf ATVSI yang pertama adalah Wida Wahyu Widyawati.[3]" ]

[ 3.740234375 ]

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[ "mysterious" ]

[ "commonplace", "A girl is riding a bike.", "The Plano area daycares do it just like everyone else does.", "New Delhi doesn't have a commercial pivot.", "If they did not have the data it would not have led to their success.", "They think of you as an enemy now.", "A house is being fixed and renovated" ]

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[ "The decline of Catalan continued in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Catalan defeat in the War of Spanish Succession (1714) initiated a series of measures imposing the use of Spanish in legal documentation." ]

[ "An example of the second view at the State level is found in the view of the Florida Supreme Court, that only the Florida Supreme Court may license and regulate attorneys appearing before the courts of Florida, and only the Florida Supreme Court may set rules for procedures in the Florida courts.[citation needed] The State of New Hampshire also follows this system.[citation needed]", "Athanasius is the first person to identify the same 27 books of the New Testament that are in use today. Up until then, various similar lists of works to be read in churches were in use. Athanasius compiled the list to resolve questions about such texts as The Epistle of Barnabas. Athanasius includes the Book of Baruch and the Letter of Jeremiah and places the Book of Esther among the \"7 books not in the canon but to be read\" along with the Wisdom of Solomon, Sirach (Ecclesiasticus), Judith, Tobit, the Didache, and the Shepherd of Hermas.", "Shortly after he learned of the failure of Menshikov's diplomacy toward the end of June 1853, the Tsar sent armies under the commands of Field Marshal Ivan Paskevich and General Mikhail Gorchakov across the Pruth River into the Ottoman-controlled Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. Fewer than half of the 80,000 Russian soldiers who crossed the Pruth in 1853 survived. By far, most of the deaths would result from sickness rather than combat,:118–119 for the Russian army still suffered from medical services that ranged from bad to none.", "Just as there is a need for tax shifting, there is also a need for subsidy shifting. Subsidies are not an inherently bad thing as many technologies and industries emerged through government subsidy schemes. The Stern Review explains that of 20 key innovations from the past 30 years, only one of the 14 was funded entirely by the private sector and nine were totally publicly funded. In terms of specific examples, the Internet was the result of publicly funded links among computers in government laboratories and research institutes. And the combination of the federal tax deduction and a robust state tax deduction in California helped to create the modern wind power industry.", "His answer was that in many cases animals exist with intermediate structures that are functional. He presented flying squirrels, and flying lemurs as examples of how bats might have evolved from non-flying ancestors. He discussed various simple eyes found in invertebrates, starting with nothing more than an optic nerve coated with pigment, as examples of how the vertebrate eye could have evolved. Darwin concludes: \"If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed, which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down. But I can find out no such case.\"", "The four main dialectal forms of Old English were Mercian, Northumbrian, Kentish, and West Saxon. Mercian and Northumbrian are together referred to as Anglian. In terms of geography the Northumbrian region lay north of the Humber River; the Mercian lay north of the Thames and South of the Humber River; West Saxon lay south and southwest of the Thames; and the smallest, Kentish region lay southeast of the Thames, a small corner of England. The Kentish region, settled by the Jutes from Jutland, has the scantiest literary remains.", "Anxious to expand the company's broadcast and cable presence, longtime MCA head Lew Wasserman sought a rich partner. He located Japanese electronics manufacturer Matsushita Electric (now known as Panasonic), which agreed to acquire MCA for $6.6 billion in 1990. Meanwhile, around this time, the production subsidiary was renamed Universal Studios Inc., and (in 1990) MCA created MCA/Universal Home Video Inc. for the VHS video cassette (later DVD) sales industry." ]

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[ "Poirot adamantly agreed." ]

[ "Poirot disagreed.", "Businesses have accounted for over 20 percent of gross national saving in 2000.", "There is no water.", "Josh wanted to keep listening to her voice rising and falling in waves of enthusiasm.", "A shirtless man is dancing.", "the lady is running in the middle of the beach", "They are asleep." ]

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[ "It is very rare for top clubs to miss the competition, although it can happen in exceptional circumstances. Defending holders Manchester United did not enter the 1999–2000 FA Cup, as they were already in the inaugural Club World Championship, with the club stating that entering both tournaments would overload their fixture schedule and make it more difficult to defend their Champions League and Premiership titles. The club claimed that they did not want to devalue the FA Cup by fielding a weaker side. The move benefited United as they received a two-week break and won the 1999–2000 league title by an 18-point margin, although they did not progress past the group stage of the Club World Championship. The withdrawal from the FA Cup, however, drew considerable criticism as this weakened the tournament's prestige and Sir Alex Ferguson later admitted his regret regarding their handling of the situation." ]

[ "The exclusion of social and political groups as targets of genocide in the CPPCG legal definition has been criticized by some historians and sociologists, for example M. Hassan Kakar in his book The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982 argues that the international definition of genocide is too restricted, and that it should include political groups or any group so defined by the perpetrator and quotes Chalk and Jonassohn: \"Genocide is a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group, as that group and membership in it are defined by the perpetrator.\" While there are various definitions of the term, Adam Jones states that the majority of genocide scholars consider that \"intent to destroy\" is a requirement for any act to be labelled genocide, and that there is growing agreement on the inclusion of the physical destruction criterion.", "Theories dealing with perception either use one or multiples perceptions in order to find an emotion (Goldie, 2007).A recent hybrid of the somatic and cognitive theories of emotion is the perceptual theory. This theory is neo-Jamesian in arguing that bodily responses are central to emotions, yet it emphasizes the meaningfulness of emotions or the idea that emotions are about something, as is recognized by cognitive theories. The novel claim of this theory is that conceptually-based cognition is unnecessary for such meaning. Rather the bodily changes themselves perceive the meaningful content of the emotion because of being causally triggered by certain situations. In this respect, emotions are held to be analogous to faculties such as vision or touch, which provide information about the relation between the subject and the world in various ways. A sophisticated defense of this view is found in philosopher Jesse Prinz's book Gut Reactions, and psychologist James Laird's book Feelings.", "High school football teams frequently participate in controlled scrimmages with other teams during preseason practice, but exhibition games are rare because of league rules and concerns about finances, travel and player injuries, along with enrollments not being registered until the early part of August in most school districts under the traditional September–June academic term. A more common exhibition is the high school football all-star game, which brings together top players from a region. These games are typically played by graduating seniors during the summer or at the end of the season. Many of these games, which include the U.S. Army All-American Bowl and Under Armour All-America Game, are used as showcases for players to be seen by colleges.", "The most widely used class of antenna, a dipole antenna consists of two symmetrical radiators such as metal rods or wires, with one side of the balanced feedline from the transmitter or receiver attached to each. A horizontal dipole radiates in two lobes perpendicular to the antenna's axis. A half-wave dipole the most common type, has two collinear elements each a quarter wavelength long and a gain of 2.15 dBi. Used individually as low gain antennas, dipoles are also used as driven elements in many more complicated higher gain types of antennas.", "Marvin Gardens, the leading yellow property on the board shown, is actually a misspelling of the original location name, \"Marven Gardens\". The misspelling was said to have been introduced by Charles Todd and passed on when his home-made Monopoly board was copied by Charles Darrow and thence Parker Brothers. It was not until 1995 that Parker Brothers acknowledged this mistake and formally apologized to the residents of Marven Gardens for the misspelling although the spelling error was not corrected.", "In spring 1987, a protest movement arose against new phosphate mines in Estonia. Signatures were collected in Tartu, and students assembled in the university's main hall to express lack of confidence in the government. At a demonstration on May 1, 1987, young people showed up with banners and slogans despite an official ban. On August 15, 1987, former political prisoners formed the MRP-AEG group (Estonians for the Public Disclosure of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact), which was headed by Tiit Madisson. In September 1987, the Edasi newspaper published a proposal by Edgar Savisaar, Siim Kallas, Tiit Made, and Mikk Titma calling for Estonia's transition to autonomy. Initially geared toward economic independence, then toward a certain amount of political autonomy, the project, Isemajandav Eesti (\"A Self-Managing Estonia\") became known according to its Estonian acronym, IME, which means \"miracle\". On October 21, a demonstration dedicated to those who gave their lives in the 1918–1920 Estonian War of Independence took place in Võru, which culminated in a conflict with the militia. For the first time in years, the blue, black, and white national tricolor was publicly displayed.", "Traditional sports include Swiss wrestling or \"Schwingen\". It is an old tradition from the rural central cantons and considered the national sport by some. Hornussen is another indigenous Swiss sport, which is like a cross between baseball and golf. Steinstossen is the Swiss variant of stone put, a competition in throwing a heavy stone. Practiced only among the alpine population since prehistoric times, it is recorded to have taken place in Basel in the 13th century. It is also central to the Unspunnenfest, first held in 1805, with its symbol the 83.5 kg stone named Unspunnenstein." ]

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[ "Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 1990 master tape to prevent it being copied. \"Macédomienne\" remains one of very few Eurovision entries which was never released commercially even in its own country. On the night of the final Lafontaine performed 3rd in the running order, following Greece and preceding Turkey. At the close of the voting \"Macédomienne\" had received 46 points from ten countries (the highest being 8 from France and Germany), placing Belgium 12th out of 22 entries. The Belgian jury awarded its 12 points to the United Kingdom. Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 1990 Belgium was represented by Philippe Lafontaine, with the song \"Macédomienne\"," ]

[ "Town and country planning in the United Kingdom system of zoning as used in the United States. Counties developed Structure Plans that set broad targets for the wider area. Structure Plans were always problematic and were often in the process of being replaced by the time they were formally adopted. Over the years, the planning system has undergone a number of alterations, which were consolidated in the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (TCPA 1990). Section 106 substantially re-wrote Section 52 from the former Act, settling the concept of agreements (known as \"planning obligation agreements,\" or more commonly \"Section 106 agreements\"), under which the developer is subject to", "Town and Country Planning Act 1990 Town and Country Planning Act 1990 The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (c 8) is an act of the United Kingdom Parliament regulating the development of land in England and Wales. It is a central part of English land law in that it concerns town and country planning in the United Kingdom. Repealed in parts by the Planning and Compensation Act 1991, it is now also complemented by the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004. In the United Kingdom, the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 contains 15 parts with 337 sections, plus 17 Schedules, and serves as an", "Town and Country Planning Act 1990 and Local Government is enabled to make regulations, such as \"The Town and Country Planning (Control of Advertisements) (England) Regulations 2007\", or again \"The Town and Country Planning (Control of Advertisements) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2012\", which in turn led to the government publication, \"Plain English guide to flying flags\". Town and Country Planning Act 1990 The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 (c 8) is an act of the United Kingdom Parliament regulating the development of land in England and Wales. It is a central part of English land law in that it concerns town and country planning in the", "1990 United States Senate election in Oklahoma 1990 United States Senate election in Oklahoma The 1990 United States Senate election in Oklahoma was held November 6, 1990 to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Oklahoma as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state elections. The primaries were held August 28. Incumbent Democratic Senator David Boren won re-election to a third term in office over challenger Stephen Jones. It is to date the most recent time a Democrat has won a U.S. Senate seat", "1990 United States Senate election in New Jersey 1990 United States Senate election in New Jersey The 1990 New Jersey United States Senate election was held on November 6, 1990 to select the Class 2 U.S. Senator from the state of New Jersey. Democratic U.S. Senator Bill Bradley decided to seek re-election and narrowly edged out little-known Republican Christine Todd Whitman. U.S. Senator Bill Bradley didn't realize he was in trouble of winning re-election and the New Jersey voters' anger over taxes and economy until the week prior to the election. The senator had a major image problem. In the early part of the campaign Bradley was winning", "1990 United States Senate election in South Carolina the election was never a serious contest. Thurmond overwhelmingly outspent Cunningham in his re-election campaign. | colspan = 5 |Republican hold 1990 United States Senate election in South Carolina The 1990 South Carolina United States Senate election was held on November 6, 1990 to select the U.S. Senator from the state of South Carolina. Popular incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond cruised to re-election against Democratic challenger Bob Cunningham. U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond faced no opposition from South Carolina Republicans and avoided a primary election. The state Democrats saw this as an unwinnable race so when Bob Cunningham sought the", "1990 United States Senate election in Oregon 1990 United States Senate election in Oregon The 1990 Oregon United States Senate election was held on November 6, 1990, to select the U.S. Senator from the state of Oregon. Republican candidate Mark Hatfield was re-elected to a fifth term, defeating Democratic businessman Harry Lonsdale. The front-runners emerged quickly: for the Republicans, Hatfield was in his fourth term and was the 8th most senior U.S. Senator, having previously served as Governor of Oregon for two terms and Oregon Secretary of State. For the Democrats, Harry Lonsdale, who had founded the biotechnology company Bend Research, announced in early 1990 that he", "1990 United States Senate election in Louisiana he would \"reluctantly\" vote for Johnston. Bagert's name remained on the ballot, but under state law his votes could not be counted as part of the official tally. After Bagert dropped out, HUD Secretary Jack Kemp endorsed Johnston, saying \"there's no place in the Republican Party for someone who has practiced and practices racism, bigotry and anti-Semitism.\" 1990 United States Senate election in Louisiana The 1990 United States Senate election in Louisiana was held on November 6, 1990. In a nonpartisan blanket primary, incumbent Democrat J. Bennett Johnston won re-election to a fourth term, avoiding a runoff by receiving 54%", "1990 United States Senate election in Oregon for the seat vacated by Hatfield in the 1996 Senate election, but lost by a wide margin to Mentor Graphics founder Tom Bruggere, who in turn lost to Republican Gordon Smith. 1990 United States Senate election in Oregon The 1990 Oregon United States Senate election was held on November 6, 1990, to select the U.S. Senator from the state of Oregon. Republican candidate Mark Hatfield was re-elected to a fifth term, defeating Democratic businessman Harry Lonsdale. The front-runners emerged quickly: for the Republicans, Hatfield was in his fourth term and was the 8th most senior U.S. Senator, having previously served", "1990 United States Senate election in Louisiana 1990 United States Senate election in Louisiana The 1990 United States Senate election in Louisiana was held on November 6, 1990. In a nonpartisan blanket primary, incumbent Democrat J. Bennett Johnston won re-election to a fourth term, avoiding a runoff by receiving 54% of the vote. Former Ku Klux Klan leader David Duke placed second, as the leading Republican challenger. The involvement of Duke introduced unusual party dynamics to the race. Weeks before the election, several nationally prominent Republicans endorsed Johnston, and trailing Republican challenger Ben Bagert dropped out, saying that he would \"reluctantly\" vote for the leading Democratic candidate,", "1990 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships 1990 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships The 1990 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships were the 52nd annual NCAA Men's Division I Cross Country Championship and the 10th annual NCAA Women's Division I Cross Country Championship to determine the team and individual national champions of NCAA Division I men's and women's collegiate cross country running in the United States. In all, four different titles were contested: men's and women's individual and team championships. Held on November 19, 1990, the combined meet was hosted by the University of Tennessee at Pine Lakes Golf Course in Knoxville, Tennessee. The distance for", "1990 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina Incumbent Democratic Congressman Robin Tallon of the 6th congressional district, in office since 1983, was unopposed in his bid for re-election. 1990 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina The 1990 South Carolina United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 6, 1990 to select six Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. The primary election for the Republicans was held on June 12. All six incumbents were re-elected and the composition of the state delegation remained four Democrats and two Republicans. As of 2016, this is the last time that Democrats won", "1990 United States Senate election in North Carolina job, but because of a law they had to give it to a minority.\" The ad prompted allegations of racism. 1990 United States Senate election in North Carolina The North Carolina United States Senate election of 1990 was held on November 6, 1990 as part of the nationwide elections to the Senate. The general election was fought between the Republican incumbent Jesse Helms and the Democratic nominee Mayor of Charlotte Harvey Gantt. Helms won re-election to a fourth term by a slightly wider margin than the close election in 1984. Helms drew controversy for airing what became known as the", "1990 United States Senate election in North Carolina 1990 United States Senate election in North Carolina The North Carolina United States Senate election of 1990 was held on November 6, 1990 as part of the nationwide elections to the Senate. The general election was fought between the Republican incumbent Jesse Helms and the Democratic nominee Mayor of Charlotte Harvey Gantt. Helms won re-election to a fourth term by a slightly wider margin than the close election in 1984. Helms drew controversy for airing what became known as the \"Hands\" ad produced by Alex Castellanos. It showed a pair of white hands with the voiceover saying \"You wanted this", "1990 United States Senate election in South Carolina 1990 United States Senate election in South Carolina The 1990 South Carolina United States Senate election was held on November 6, 1990 to select the U.S. Senator from the state of South Carolina. Popular incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond cruised to re-election against Democratic challenger Bob Cunningham. U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond faced no opposition from South Carolina Republicans and avoided a primary election. The state Democrats saw this as an unwinnable race so when Bob Cunningham sought the Democratic nomination, he was unopposed in his bid. Cunningham, a retired intelligence officer, had little chance of defeating Strom Thurmond and", "1990 United States Senate elections to a third term. No Democrat filed to run against him as he won every single county and city in the state with over 60% of the vote. Independent Nancy B. Spannaus (an affiliate of the controversial Lyndon LaRouche) got 18% of the vote, as she was the only other candidate on the ballot besides Warner. The 1990 United States Senate election in West Virginia was held November 6, 1990. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Jay Rockefeller won re-election to a second term. 1990 United States Senate elections The United States Senate elections, 1990 were held on Tuesday, November 6, 1990.", "United Country Real Estate suburban neighborhoods in 1986. The company was acquired by a management group in 1990 and changed its name again to United Country seven years later. United Country Real Estate had approximately 150 franchises by 1997 and 300 by 1999. This grew to 700 franchise members by 2007, when Dan Duffy and his investment partners acquired the company. In 2010 the organization raised $1 million in funding to expand its web presence for suburban areas with a local population of 50,000 or more. Two years later, United Real Estate was launched, which built \"United Lounges,\" which provide an office facility for", "1990 United States House of Representatives elections Senators Wayne Allard, Rick Santorum, and Jack Reed, future House Speaker John Boehner, and future Director of the Office of Management and Budget Jim Nussle. Source: Election Statistics - Office of the Clerk There were a total of 26 Representatives not seeking re-election: 10 Democrats and 16 Republicans. 1990 United States House of Representatives elections The 1990 United States House of Representatives elections was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1990 which occurred in the middle of President George H. W. Bush's term. As in most midterm elections, the President's Republican Party lost seats to the", "1990 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina 1990 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina The 1990 South Carolina United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 6, 1990 to select six Representatives for two-year terms from the state of South Carolina. The primary election for the Republicans was held on June 12. All six incumbents were re-elected and the composition of the state delegation remained four Democrats and two Republicans. As of 2016, this is the last time that Democrats won of majority of Congressional districts from South Carolina. Incumbent Republican Congressman Arthur Ravenel, Jr. of the 1st congressional district, in office", "In re A.C. as the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB). On April 26, 1990, the court vacated the initial court order by issuing the ruling \"In re A.C.\" The decision found the judge had failed to properly balance the rights of Carder not to consent to the procedure and the interests of the state. In re A.C. is commonly lauded as a victory for women's rights, but it did not grant absolute autonomy of a woman against procedures ordered by the state. Instead, it asserted that in \"virtually all cases,\" a patient's desires must be adhered to if they are deemed", "1990 United States Senate elections elected to finish the term ending in 1995 over Republican U.S. Representative Pat Saiki. Akaka had been appointed by Governor John Waihee in April 1990 to serve temporarily after the death of Spark Matsunaga. Republican Rep. Larry Craig defeated Democratic former state legislator Ron Twilegar for the seat of U.S. Senator Jim McClure, who did not seek re-election. Incumbent Democrat Paul Simon sought re-election to the United States Senate. Simon was opposed by Republican nominee Lynn Morley Martin, a United States Congresswoman from Illinois's 16th congressional district, whom he easily defeated to win a second and final term in the", "United Country Western Dance Council issues: judge certification, rules, ethics, line dance, teams and the business team. UCWDC competitions cover the following couple dances: [https://www.ucwdc.org/ are split into the following categories: Competitions also include team competitions, in country, open, duos, partners and cabaret, and pro/am where professional dancers compete with amateurs. United Country Western Dance Council The United Country Western Dance Council (UCWDC) is an organization that promotes Country-western dance worldwide both as art form and as a competitive dance sport. It was established in 1989 in Grantville, Pennsylvania, United States and was incorporated in 1990 as a non-profit organization in Camp Hill, Pennsylvania. UCWDC", "Re-importation Re-importation Re-importation or reimportation is the importation of goods into a country which had previously been exported from that country. A number of legal issues arise with the re-importation of goods, particularly where the goods were not designed for sale in the country from which they were initially exported. Because prices differ from one country to another, a re-importer may purchase goods in another country where they are sold at a low price and re-import them in order to undercut the price at which the goods are being sold in the country to which they are imported. Such re-imported goods", "1990 United States Senate elections a tight race. Widely considered an underdog and outspent by a 7-to-1 margin, Wellstone, a professor at Carleton College and nominee for Minnesota State Auditor in 1982 was the only candidate to defeat an incumbent senator in the 1990 election cycle and gained national attention after his upset victory. Incumbent Republican Thad Cochran won re-election to a third term. Incumbent United States Senator Max Baucus, who was first elected in 1978 and was re-elected in 1984, ran for re-election. After winning the Democratic primary, he moved on to the general election, where he was opposed by Allen Kolstad, the Lieutenant", "United Country Western Dance Council United Country Western Dance Council The United Country Western Dance Council (UCWDC) is an organization that promotes Country-western dance worldwide both as art form and as a competitive dance sport. It was established in 1989 in Grantville, Pennsylvania, United States and was incorporated in 1990 as a non-profit organization in Camp Hill, Pennsylvania. UCWDC sanctions and promotes dance competitions and workshops, maintains a uniform set of rules for competitions, surveys and certifies judges. As of 2006, the UCWDC has over 50 sanctioned events in 10 countries, and hosts an annual World Championship. The Council has several committees that oversee specific", "Re-importation or formulations unique to the country to which it has been exported. Re-importation Re-importation or reimportation is the importation of goods into a country which had previously been exported from that country. A number of legal issues arise with the re-importation of goods, particularly where the goods were not designed for sale in the country from which they were initially exported. Because prices differ from one country to another, a re-importer may purchase goods in another country where they are sold at a low price and re-import them in order to undercut the price at which the goods are being", "1990 United Kingdom heat wave Transport was further hampered as train services around the country slowed down due to concerns over anomalies in the railway network from the intense heat. Reservoir levels fell, although the Water Services Association assured the public that \"most people are still getting their full supply of water without any restrictions at all.\" <br> 1990 United Kingdom heat wave During the 1990 heat wave in the United Kingdom a weather station in Nailstone, Leicestershire, recorded a temperature of for Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, the highest temperature ever known in Britain, one full Fahrenheit degree above the previous record, set in 1911. Moorland fires", "1990 United Kingdom heat wave 1990 United Kingdom heat wave During the 1990 heat wave in the United Kingdom a weather station in Nailstone, Leicestershire, recorded a temperature of for Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, the highest temperature ever known in Britain, one full Fahrenheit degree above the previous record, set in 1911. Moorland fires were common during the height of the heat wave, occurring in North Yorkshire and the Peak District. Some of the Peak District was closed to the public to try to prevent further fires occurring from careless visitors. Roads were clogged as people flocked to the coast and to holiday resorts throughout the country.", "1990 United States Senate election in Oklahoma in Oklahoma, though not the last time any Democrat won an office statewide as Democrat Brad Henry was reelected Governor in 2006. Boren later resigned his seat in 1994 to become president of the University of Oklahoma. 1990 United States Senate election in Oklahoma The 1990 United States Senate election in Oklahoma was held November 6, 1990 to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Oklahoma as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state elections. The primaries", "1990 United States Census 1990 United States Census The Twenty-first United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, was the first census to be directed by a woman, Barbara Everitt Bryant. It determined the resident population of the United States to be 248,709,873, an increase of 9.8 percent over the 226,545,805 persons enumerated during the 1980 Census. Approximately 16 percent of households received a \"long form\" of the 1990 census, which contained over 100 questions. Full documentation on the 1990 census, including census forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. It was the first census to designate", "Re-entry permit Re-entry permit A re-entry permit is required by some countries, for their citizens or tourists who leave the country for an extended period of time. For example, the United States issues a re-entry permit to a resident alien who plans to travel abroad for an extended period of time (up to two years) while maintaining their permanent residency. Re-entry permit is a travel document similar to a certificate of identity issued by the country to permanent residence to allow them to travel abroad return to country. When a person traveling for more than 1 year from his/her own country he/she", "In re Weitzman In re Weitzman In re Weitzman (1968) is a United States (U.S.) immigration law case, in which Brenda Barbara Weitzman (née Aronowitz) of South Africa and married in Israel sought U.S. citizenship, and seeking to evade the Oath of allegiance (US) military requirements, Weitzman disagreed with conscientious objector restrictions limiting objector status to only religious people, specifically, believers in a Supreme Being. She argued that she was in a bind, unable to accept an oath to United States military service due to her philosophical objection to war, and unable to claim religious objector status due to her atheism. The United", "1990 United States elections 1990 United States elections The 1990 United States elections were held on November 6, and elected the members of the 102nd United States Congress. The election occurred in the middle of Republican President George H. W. Bush's term. The Democratic Party built on its majorities in both chambers of Congress. The Republicans lost nine seats in the U.S. House, lower than the average number of seats lost by the U.S. President's party at the time, which was 29. Out of the 33 Senate seats up for election, the Democratic Party picked up a net gain of one seat. In the", "1990 United States elections gubernatorial elections, both parties lost a net of one seat to third parties. 1990 United States elections The 1990 United States elections were held on November 6, and elected the members of the 102nd United States Congress. The election occurred in the middle of Republican President George H. W. Bush's term. The Democratic Party built on its majorities in both chambers of Congress. The Republicans lost nine seats in the U.S. House, lower than the average number of seats lost by the U.S. President's party at the time, which was 29. Out of the 33 Senate seats up for election,", "Town and country planning in the United Kingdom Town and country planning in the United Kingdom Town and country planning in the United Kingdom is the part of English land law which concerns land use planning. Its goal is to ensure sustainable economic development and a better environment. Each country of the United Kingdom has its own planning system that is responsible for town and country planning devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly. The roots of the UK town and country planning system as it emerged in the immediate post-war years lay in concerns developed over the previous half century in", "Town and country planning in the United Kingdom on the increase in the value of land resulting from the grant of permission for development\". Town and country planning in the United Kingdom Town and country planning in the United Kingdom is the part of English land law which concerns land use planning. Its goal is to ensure sustainable economic development and a better environment. Each country of the United Kingdom has its own planning system that is responsible for town and country planning devolved to the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Scottish Parliament and the Welsh Assembly. The roots of the UK town and country planning system as it", "In re Kansas Indians the opinion of the Court. The Court held that a state could not levy taxes on the property of a tribe while the tribe was recognized by the United States. In re Kansas Indians In re Kansas Indians, 72 U.S. (5 Wall.) 737 (1867), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the state of Kansas was not authorized to levy taxes on, and seize for forfeiture, lands which are set aside for Indian tribes by the United States government, under treaty or otherwise. The \"Kansas Indians\" case developed from three separate cases. Both Kansas", "Re-entry permit required this form. It is mostly valid for 2 year's or based on conditional residences Re-issued from Emigration office Re-entry permit A re-entry permit is required by some countries, for their citizens or tourists who leave the country for an extended period of time. For example, the United States issues a re-entry permit to a resident alien who plans to travel abroad for an extended period of time (up to two years) while maintaining their permanent residency. Re-entry permit is a travel document similar to a certificate of identity issued by the country to permanent residence to allow them to", "In re Weitzman States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit reversed the lower court decision on appeal and upheld the petition. Later U.S. Supreme Court Justice Harry A. Blackmun argued that the United States had constitutional authority in reserving objector status to religious believers only. In re Weitzman In re Weitzman (1968) is a United States (U.S.) immigration law case, in which Brenda Barbara Weitzman (née Aronowitz) of South Africa and married in Israel sought U.S. citizenship, and seeking to evade the Oath of allegiance (US) military requirements, Weitzman disagreed with conscientious objector restrictions limiting objector status to only religious people, specifically,", "The Country of Blinds rock and roll band so it seemed kind of pointless to go on at that point.\" In 1990 RecRec Music re-issued \"The Country of Blinds\" together with Skeleton Crew's previous album \"Learn to Talk\" on a single compilation CD, \"Learn to Talk / Country of Blinds\", omitting \"Money Crack\" from \"The Country of Blinds\", and \"Los Colitos\" and \"Life At The Top\" from \"Learn to Talk\". In 2005 Fred Records re-issued \"Learn to Talk / Country of Blinds\" on a double compilation CD, omitting only \"Money Crack\" from \"The Country of Blinds\", and adding ten extra tracks. The Country of", "1990 United States Senate elections United States Senator Ted Stevens sought re-election to a fourth term in the United States Senate, which he won easily, besting his opponents in a landslide. Incumbent Democrat David Pryor won re-election uncontested. Incumbent Republican senator William L. Armstrong did not seek re-election to another term. Republican congressman Hank Brown won the open seat, defeating Democratic nominee Josie Heath, former Boulder County Commissioner Incumbent Democrat Joe Biden won re-election to a fourth term, defeating Republican challenger M. Jane Brady, Deputy Attorney General of Delaware. Incumbent Democrat Sam Nunn won re-election to a fourth term uncontested. Incumbent Democrat Daniel Akaka was", "1990 United States Senate special election in Indiana Coats was immediately sworn into office. In 1990, a special election was held to decide who would serve the balance of Quayle's term, ending in 1993. Coats faced Democrat Baron Hill, a state representative from Seymour, in the general election. Coats used television commercials that raised questions about Hill's consistency in opposing new taxes, and Hill gained notoriety for walking the length of the state to meet voters. 1990 United States Senate special election in Indiana The 1990 United States Senate special election in Indiana was a special election held on November 6, 1990, in order to fill the Class", "1990 United States Senate special election in Indiana 1990 United States Senate special election in Indiana The 1990 United States Senate special election in Indiana was a special election held on November 6, 1990, in order to fill the Class III seat in the United States Senate from Indiana for the remainder of the term ending January 3, 1993. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Dan Coats, who was recently appointed to this seat two years prior, won election to serve out the remainder of the term. During the 1988 presidential election, Republican nominee Vice President George H. W. Bush selected U.S. Senator Dan Quayle of Indiana as his vice", "1990–91 Manchester United F.C. season goalkeeper Peter Schmeichel and QPR's England right-back Paul Parker to their ranks. The existing squad was already impressive, with young wingers Lee Sharpe and Ryan Giggs looking like highly exciting prospects for the future, and players like Neil Webb, Danny Wallace, Clayton Blackmore and Mark Robins being some of the best squad players that any club in the country had at their disposal. 1991–92 would be United's 25th season since their last league title triumph, and Alex Ferguson was determined to make sure that the title wait would end then. 1990–91 Manchester United F.C. season The 1990–91 season was Manchester", "In re Summers Hughes in \"Macintosh\", and Black in \"In re Summers\" have since become the majority view of the Supreme Court. \"Schwimmer\" and \"Macintosh\" were overruled in \"Girouard v. United States\", 328 U.S. 61 (1946). But even though the cases which formed the basis of the decision in \"In re Summers\" were disavowed, the Court reaffirmed \"Summers\" in 1950 in \"American Communications Association v. Douds\", 339 U.S. 382 (1950). \"In re Summers\" became the basis for the Court to uphold a number of loyalty oath cases during the Cold War. Summers later was admitted to the New York State Bar Association and", "Re AIC Merchant Finance Ltd (in rec) s 7.\" However, as the Securities Act only prohibited validation, and not any other forms of relief, the court granted relief in the form of damages, which was similar to if validation had been granted, effectively granting validation via the back door. Re AIC Merchant Finance Ltd (in rec) Re AIC Merchant Finance Ltd (in rec) [1990] 2 NZLR 385 (1990) 5 NZCLC 66,153 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding relief for Illegal Contracts under the Illegal Contracts Act 1970 where validation is not legally possible. AIC was a finance company that collapsed in 1986. National Mutual were", "Re AIC Merchant Finance Ltd (in rec) Re AIC Merchant Finance Ltd (in rec) Re AIC Merchant Finance Ltd (in rec) [1990] 2 NZLR 385 (1990) 5 NZCLC 66,153 is a cited case in New Zealand regarding relief for Illegal Contracts under the Illegal Contracts Act 1970 where validation is not legally possible. AIC was a finance company that collapsed in 1986. National Mutual were the trustees for the secured debentured holders. However, briefly between 30 May - 17 July 1986, AIC had not registered with the companies office its new prospectus (no. 3), which was a breach of section 37 of the Securities Act 1978. This", "1990 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships the men's race was 10 kilometers (6.21 miles) while the distance for the women's race was 5 kilometers (3.11 miles). The men's team national championship was won by Arkansas, their fourth team national title. The individual championship was won by Jonah Koech, from Iowa State, with a time of 29:05.00. The women's team national championship was won by Villanova, their second team (and second consecutive) national title. The individual championship was won by Sonia O'Sullivan, also from Villanova, with a time of 16:06.00. 1990 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships The 1990 NCAA Division I Cross Country Championships were the", "1990 in Brazilian football 1990 in Brazilian football The following article presents a summary of the 1990 football (soccer) season in Brazil, which was the 89th season of competitive football in the country. Quarterfinals Semifinals Final The two worst placed teams in the first stage, which are São José-SP and Internacional-SP, were relegated to the following year's second level. Third Stage Group I Group J Final The champion and the runner-up, which are and , were promoted to the following year's first level. The four worst placed teams, which are Anapolina, , Americano and Treze, were relegated to the following year's third level. Quarterfinals", "In Country...Club watched show on Animation Domination that night, losing to \"The Cleveland Show\", \"The Simpsons\" and \"Family Guy\" with 10.17 million. In Country...Club \"In Country...Club\" is the first episode of the sixth season and the seventy ninth overall episode of the animated comedy series \"American Dad!\". It aired on Fox in the United States on September 27, 2009, and is written by Judah Miller and Murray Miller and directed by Albert Calleros and Josue Cervantes. In the episode, Stan teaches Steve that the only way he can truly appreciate the national anthem is by participating in a war re-enactment, but the", "In Country...Club In Country...Club \"In Country...Club\" is the first episode of the sixth season and the seventy ninth overall episode of the animated comedy series \"American Dad!\". It aired on Fox in the United States on September 27, 2009, and is written by Judah Miller and Murray Miller and directed by Albert Calleros and Josue Cervantes. In the episode, Stan teaches Steve that the only way he can truly appreciate the national anthem is by participating in a war re-enactment, but the experience leaves Steve looking and acting like a traumatized Vietnam War veteran. Meanwhile, Roger gets a pet bird and badgers", "In re Kansas Indians In re Kansas Indians In re Kansas Indians, 72 U.S. (5 Wall.) 737 (1867), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the state of Kansas was not authorized to levy taxes on, and seize for forfeiture, lands which are set aside for Indian tribes by the United States government, under treaty or otherwise. The \"Kansas Indians\" case developed from three separate cases. Both Kansas and New York tried to tax the land of individual Indians. The Shawnee tribe moved to Kansas from Ohio and Missouri from 1825 to 1831, and were not to be", "Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania and Belarus as well as Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. On September 17, 1991, it was welcomed as a member of the United Nations along with Estonia and Latvia. Since 2004, Lithuania along with Estonia and Latvia became members of the European Union and NATO. The country eventually banned displays of Soviet and Nazi symbols in 2008. Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania The Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania or Act of March 11 () was an independence declaration by the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic adopted on March 11, 1990, signed by all members of", "1990–91 in English football of £350,000, is the youngest manager in all four divisions of the English league. 27 November 1990 - Liverpool sign 19-year-old midfielder Don Hutchison from Fourth Division Hartlepool United for £175,000. 28 November 1990 - Manchester United beat Arsenal 6-2 at Highbury in a League Cup fourth round tie, in which 19-year-old winger Lee Sharpe scores a hat-trick. 29 November 1990 - Manchester United offer a professional contract to trainee winger Ryan Giggs on his 17th birthday. 30 November 1990 – Liverpool remain unbeaten and top of the First Division as November draws to a close, four points ahead of", "In re A.C. competent. At the same time as the Court of Appeals case, the ACLU and Carder's parents, Daniel and Nettie Stoner, instituted a civil action, \"Stoners v. George Washington University Hospital, et al.\", suing the hospital for deprivation of human rights, discrimination, wrongful death and malpractice, among other charges. In November 1990, days before the scheduled trial was to begin, the hospital settled out of court for an undisclosed amount of money and a promise of new hospital policies protecting the rights of pregnant women. In re A.C. In re A.C. was a 1987 D.C. Circuit reproductive rights case. It was", "Jewish country club names and architecture of clubs are not recognizably Jewish and often mimicked the convention of the other, predominantly Protestant country club from which Jews were excluded. Starting in the 1960s, more Jews were accepted into predominantly Christian country clubs, though change often came slowly until the 1990 PGA Championship, which called attention to discrimination in clubs and social organizations across the United States. Clubs were forced either to admit more African American and Jewish members or to lose future PGA tournaments; some opted to integrate, while others retained restrictions on blacks and Jews. In 1990 Tom Watson famously resigned from", "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1990 United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1990 The final selection of the entry for the United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1990 was made by popular vote from a choice of eight songs. The 1990 edition of \"A Song for Europe\" was held in Television Centre, London on 30 March in Studio 1. The BBC Concert Orchestra under the direction of Alyn Ainsworth as conductor accompanied all the songs, but despite performing live, the orchestra were off-screen, behind the set. Terry Wogan presided over the eight finalists and a panel of 'experts' was assembled to comment on each", "1990 United States House of Representatives elections 1990 United States House of Representatives elections The 1990 United States House of Representatives elections was an election for the United States House of Representatives in 1990 which occurred in the middle of President George H. W. Bush's term. As in most midterm elections, the President's Republican Party lost seats to the Democratic Party, slightly increasing the Democratic majority in the chamber. It was a rare instance, however, in which both major parties lost votes to third parties such as the Libertarian Party as well as independent candidates. Notable freshmen included independent Bernie Sanders of Vermont's at-large congressional district, future", "1990 United States Senate election in New Jersey pertaining to Florio's tax policies. After Bradley realized he was in trouble he released negative advertisements. They attacked Whitman's own record on taxes, accusing her of favoring tax increases when she was a Somerset County Freeholder. Bradley's image may have been further damaged by his newer advertisements. On October 6, a poll found Bradley winning by 36 points. 1990 United States Senate election in New Jersey The 1990 New Jersey United States Senate election was held on November 6, 1990 to select the Class 2 U.S. Senator from the state of New Jersey. Democratic U.S. Senator Bill Bradley decided to", "1990 United States motorcycle Grand Prix to the Corkscrew, Gardner highsided up and out. Rainey passed on Turn 11, and was able to keep Schwantz behind him for a lap. As they went through Turn 11 with 5 laps to go, Schwantz highsided, and injured his wrist too much to continue, which was later discovered to be a fracture. 1990 United States motorcycle Grand Prix The 1990 United States motorcycle Grand Prix was the second round of the 1990 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of April 6–8, 1990 at Laguna Seca. Eddie Lawson's season went from bad to worse: during", "In re Schrader In re Schrader In re Schrader, 22 F.3d 290 (Fed. Cir. 1994) is a 1994 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in which the court summarized and synthesized its precedents under the \"Freeman-Walter-Abele Test\" of patent eligibility. Under this test a key element is that the claimed invention is implemented with some type of hardware—that is, a particular machine. This was one of the last Federal Circuit decisions using that test. Schrader invented a business method for determining which combination of bids in an auction of a set of items reflects the highest total", "1990 United States Grand Prix 1990 United States Grand Prix The 1990 United States Grand Prix was the opening motor race of the 1990 Formula One season held on March 11, 1990, in Phoenix, Arizona. It was the 32nd United States Grand Prix since the \"American Grand Prize\" was first held in 1908, and the 25th under Formula One regulations since the first United States Grand Prix was held at Sebring, Florida in 1959. It was the second to be held on the streets of Phoenix and ran over 72 laps of the 4 km-circuit. The race was won by Brazilian Ayrton Senna, driving a", "1990 in motoring Turbo continued as Fiat's rival for the Peugeot 205 GTi and Ford Fiesta XR2i. Alfa Romeo expanded the 164 range to include a lower priced 2.0 four-cylinder version. The Lancia Prisma, saloon version of the Delta hatchback, was replaced with the new Dedra. 1990 in motoring 1990 in motoring includes developments in the automotive industry throughout the year 1990 by various automobile manufacturers, grouped by country. The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells motor vehicles. Ford launched a new, fourth generation Escort in September 1990, ten years after the last new model was launched. The new Escort was", "1990 in motoring 1990 in motoring 1990 in motoring includes developments in the automotive industry throughout the year 1990 by various automobile manufacturers, grouped by country. The automotive industry designs, develops, manufactures, markets, and sells motor vehicles. Ford launched a new, fourth generation Escort in September 1990, ten years after the last new model was launched. The new Escort was available with 1.3, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8 petrol engines as well as a 1.8 diesel. Other models had extras including electric windows, power steering, anti-lock brakes and central locking. There was also a saloon car version, the Orion. Rover launched an updated Metro", "1990 United States Grand Prix Alesi gushed, \"He is my hero and has been for many years.\" Other winners in the race were Ken Tyrrell, with two cars in the points; and Pirelli, with three points finishers. About the only down note was the tiny crowd of 15,000 that witnessed such a great show. Jean Alesi 34 laps (1–34); Ayrton Senna 38 laps (35–72). 1990 United States Grand Prix The 1990 United States Grand Prix was the opening motor race of the 1990 Formula One season held on March 11, 1990, in Phoenix, Arizona. It was the 32nd United States Grand Prix since the \"American", "In re Snyder In re Snyder In re Snyder, 472 U.S. 634 (1985), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that an attorney's curt letter to a court employee, followed by the attorney's refusal to apologize for sending the letter, did not justify suspending the attorney from practicing law in federal court. Robert J. Snyder was an attorney in Bismarck, North Dakota. His practice included serving as a criminal defense lawyer for indigent defendants in federal cases, with his compensation provided by government funds under the Criminal Justice Act (CJA). In 1983, Snyder submitted an application for CJA", "In re Snyder Act as cause for discipline or suspension.\" The Court's opinion concluded: Accordingly, Snyder's suspension was reversed. In re Snyder In re Snyder, 472 U.S. 634 (1985), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that an attorney's curt letter to a court employee, followed by the attorney's refusal to apologize for sending the letter, did not justify suspending the attorney from practicing law in federal court. Robert J. Snyder was an attorney in Bismarck, North Dakota. His practice included serving as a criminal defense lawyer for indigent defendants in federal cases, with his compensation provided by", "In re Primus upheld a ban on attorney solicitation of accident victims within 30 days of the incident. The holdings were distinguished on account of the political expression and association elements present in \"Primus\" and absent in \"Ohralik\". In re Primus In re Primus, 436 U.S. 412 (1978), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that solicitation of prospective litigants by nonprofit organizations that engage in litigation as a form of political expression and political association constitutes expressive and associational conduct entitled to First Amendment protection. Primus was an attorney for the South Carolina affiliate of the ACLU.", "In re NLRB In re NLRB In re Labor Board, 304 U.S. 486 (1938), is a 5-to-2 decision by the Supreme Court of the United States which held that the National Labor Relations Act requires the filing of a petition and a transcript in order for an enforcement order to proceed in federal court, and that a writ of prohibition and writ of mandamus are appropriate measures to take in quashing a petition when no transcript has been filed. After the passage of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) in 1935, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) found itself attempting to enforce the", "In re Quinlan In re Quinlan In re Quinlan (70 N.J. 10, 355 A.2d 647 (NJ 1976)) was a landmark 1975 court case in the United States in which the parents of a woman who was kept alive by artificial means were allowed to order her removal from artificial ventilation. Karen Ann Quinlan was 21 years old in 1975. After a night of drinking alcohol and ingesting tranquilizers, Quinlan passed out and ceased breathing for two 15-minute periods. After it was determined that she was in a persistent vegetative state, her father, Joseph Quinlan, wished to remove her from the medical ventilator. Quinlan's", "In re NLRB allow the NLRB to avoid judicial review of its orders simply by not filing transcripts. Butler would have refused the writs. In re NLRB In re Labor Board, 304 U.S. 486 (1938), is a 5-to-2 decision by the Supreme Court of the United States which held that the National Labor Relations Act requires the filing of a petition and a transcript in order for an enforcement order to proceed in federal court, and that a writ of prohibition and writ of mandamus are appropriate measures to take in quashing a petition when no transcript has been filed. After the passage", "In re Winship In re Winship In re Winship, 397 U.S. 358 (1970), was a United States Supreme Court decision that held that \"the Due Process clause protects the accused against conviction except upon proof beyond a reasonable doubt of every fact necessary to constitute the crime charged.\" It established this burden in all cases in all states (constitutional case). The decision did not specify which facts constitute the charged crime. When a juvenile is charged with an act that would be a crime if committed by an adult, every element of the offense must be proved beyond reasonable doubt, not preponderance of", "In re Lowry In re Lowry In re Lowry, 32 F.3d 1579 (Fed. Cir. 1994) was a 1994 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit on the patent eligibility of data structures. The decision, which reversed a PTO rejection of data structure claims, was followed by a significant change in PTO policy as to granting software related patents, a cessation of PTO appeals to the Supreme Court from reversals of PTO rejections of software patent applications, an increasing lenity at the Federal Circuit toward such patents and patent applications, and a great increase in the number of software", "In re Primus In re Primus In re Primus, 436 U.S. 412 (1978), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that solicitation of prospective litigants by nonprofit organizations that engage in litigation as a form of political expression and political association constitutes expressive and associational conduct entitled to First Amendment protection. Primus was an attorney for the South Carolina affiliate of the ACLU. South Carolina had a policy of sterilizing certain women as a condition of receiving welfare. Primus sent letters to women who had been thus sterilized, offering the legal assistance of the ACLU. The South Carolina's", "In re Summers In re Summers In re Summers, 325 U.S. 561 (1945), is a 5-to-4 ruling by the United States Supreme Court which held that the First and Fourtheenth amendment freedoms of a conscientious objector were not infringed when a state bar association declined to admit him to the practice of law. The Illinois Constitution required citizens to serve in the state militia in time of war, and all lawyers admitted to the bar were required to uphold the state constitution. Petitioner Clyde Summers could not uphold that constitutional requirement due to his religious beliefs, and the Supreme Court upheld the denial", "1990 Gabonese legislative election winning 63 of the 120 seats. 1990 Gabonese legislative election Parliamentary elections were held in Gabon in 1990, the first multi-party elections in the country since 1967. The first round of voting was held on 16 September 1990, with a second round due the following week. However, results from 32 of the 120 constituencies were annulled after public protests claiming fraud by the ruling Gabonese Democratic Party and the second round was postponed. Re-runs were held on 21 October, with a second round on 28 October. Thirteen parties and 553 candidates contested the election, with the Gabonese Democratic Party retaining", "1990 Gabonese legislative election 1990 Gabonese legislative election Parliamentary elections were held in Gabon in 1990, the first multi-party elections in the country since 1967. The first round of voting was held on 16 September 1990, with a second round due the following week. However, results from 32 of the 120 constituencies were annulled after public protests claiming fraud by the ruling Gabonese Democratic Party and the second round was postponed. Re-runs were held on 21 October, with a second round on 28 October. Thirteen parties and 553 candidates contested the election, with the Gabonese Democratic Party retaining control of the National Assembly by", "March 1990 Central United States tornado outbreak March 1990 Central United States tornado outbreak The March 1990 Central United States tornado outbreak affected portions of the United States Great Plains and Midwest regions from Iowa to Texas from March 11 to March 13, 1990. The outbreak produced at least 64 tornadoes across the region, including four violent tornadoes; two tornadoes, which touched down north and west of Wichita, Kansas, were both rated F5, including the tornado that struck Hesston. In Nebraska, several strong tornadoes touched down across the southern and central portion of the state, including an F4 that traveled for . Two people were killed in", "In re Boucher the United States appealed the magistrate's opinion to the District Court in a sealed motion (court docket, case #: 2:06-mJ-00091-wks-jjn-1). The appeal was heard by U.S. District Judge William K. Sessions. Oral arguments were scheduled for April 30, 2008. On February 19, 2009, Judge Sessions reversed the magistrate's ruling and directed Boucher \"to provide an unencrypted version of the Z drive viewed by the ICE agent.\" In re Boucher In re Boucher (case citation: No. 2:06-mJ-91, 2009 WL 424718), is a federal criminal case in Vermont, which was the first to directly address the question of whether investigators can compel", "Chrysler Town & Country (1941–1988) market until the 1990 model year run when Chrysler re-introduced the Town & Country nameplate as a rebadged variant Chrysler Town & Country minivan. Chrysler's Town & Country wagon was reintroduced as a four door station wagon of all steel construction in 1951. It was offered in both Windsor and New Yorker variants through the end of Windsor model production after the 1960 model year, and then in Newport and New Yorker models through 1965. After that, it was a model in its own right, with trim and features which bridged the gap between the two sedan lines. It was", "In re Ross In re Ross In re Ross or Ross v. McIntyre, 140 U.S. 453 (1891), was a United States Supreme Court case decided on May 21, 1891. It dealt with the application of US law by United States consular courts over foreign sailors on US-flagged ships in countries where the United States exercised extraterritorial jurisdiction. John M. Ross, a Canadian sailor on the American ship \"Bullion\", was convicted in the US consular court in Yokohama of murder on the ship while it was in Yokohama before the US consul general at Kanagawa, Thomas van Buren. He was sentenced to death, but", "In re Neagle In re Neagle In re Neagle, 135 U.S. 1 (1890), is a United States Supreme Court decision holding that the Attorney General of the United States is authorized to appoint U.S. Marshals as bodyguards to federal judges. U.S. Marshal David B. Neagle (1847-1925) was appointed by the United States Attorney General to serve as Justice Stephen J. Field's bodyguard while Field rode circuit in California. On 14 August 1889, David S. Terry approached Field inside the Lathrop, California train station in California's San Joaquin Valley. Terry, a former California Supreme Court justice, had a grudge with Field. Fearing Terry was", "In re Neagle source of all Executive authority, the president could act in the absence of specific statutory authority since there were no laws that provided for protection of federal judges by the Executive branch. Constitutionally, the decision determined that the Executive branch exercised its own \"necessary and proper\" authority. In re Neagle In re Neagle, 135 U.S. 1 (1890), is a United States Supreme Court decision holding that the Attorney General of the United States is authorized to appoint U.S. Marshals as bodyguards to federal judges. U.S. Marshal David B. Neagle (1847-1925) was appointed by the United States Attorney General to serve", "1990–91 Dundee United F.C. season 1990–91 Dundee United F.C. season The 1990–91 season was the 82nd year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from July 1, 1990 to June 30, 1991. United finished in fourth place and missed out on European football for the first time in fifteen years. Dundee United played a total of 50 competitive matches during the 1990–91 season. The team finished fourth in the Scottish Premier Division. In the cup competitions, United lost in the final of the Tennent's Scottish Cup to Motherwell and lost in the Skol Cup semi-finals to eventual runners-up Celtic. All results are", "1990–91 Dundee United F.C. season In addition, one player played whilst on trial but left shortly afterwards. Two players were sold by the club during the season. The jerseys were sponsored by Belhaven for the fourth season. 1990–91 Dundee United F.C. season The 1990–91 season was the 82nd year of football played by Dundee United, and covers the period from July 1, 1990 to June 30, 1991. United finished in fourth place and missed out on European football for the first time in fifteen years. Dundee United played a total of 50 competitive matches during the 1990–91 season. The team finished fourth in the Scottish", "In re Application of the United States for Historical Cell Site Data In re Application of the United States for Historical Cell Site Data In re Application of the United States for Historical Cell Site Data, 724 F.3d 600 (5th Cir. 2013), was a case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit held that the government can access cell site records without a warrant. Specifically, the court held that court orders under the Stored Communications Act compelling cell phone providers to disclose historical cell site information are not \"per se\" unconstitutional. Section 2703(d) of the Stored Communications Act allows law enforcement agents to obtain court orders for", "The Old Country (album) more than just dazzling lines and phrases; he's constructing and completing confident statements\". The Old Country (album) The Old Country is an album by Nat Adderley's Quintet recorded in 1990 and originally released on the Japanese Alfa label before being re-released on Enja Records. \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" states the set \"Genus and Drummond do a marvellous job ... and the two horns are well synchronised and brightly registered\". In his review for AllMusic, Ron Wynn stated \"Adderley has evidently found a soul mate in alto saxophonist Vince Herring, with whom he works once more on this 1990 date.", "The Old Country (album) The Old Country (album) The Old Country is an album by Nat Adderley's Quintet recorded in 1990 and originally released on the Japanese Alfa label before being re-released on Enja Records. \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" states the set \"Genus and Drummond do a marvellous job ... and the two horns are well synchronised and brightly registered\". In his review for AllMusic, Ron Wynn stated \"Adderley has evidently found a soul mate in alto saxophonist Vince Herring, with whom he works once more on this 1990 date. Herring's voice has grown more impressive with each release, and he now offers", "Croatia v United States (1990) Croatia v United States (1990) On 17 October 1990 Croatia hosted the United States in an international football friendly in Zagreb's Maksimir stadium. Held on the eve of the nation's independence from Yugoslavia, this was Croatia's first international match in the modern era. With the abolishing of the one-party political system in SFR Yugoslavia in 1990, SR Croatia's (constituent republic within the Yugoslav federation) first parliamentary elections were held over two rounds of voting on 22 April and 7 May 1990 resulting in an overwhelming victory for the nationalist Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) led by Franjo Tuđman. With the rising", "Re-education camp (Vietnam) \"many blood debts\" to the people and those who fled to \"foreign countries with their U.S. masters.\" The U.S. government considers re-education camp inmates to be political prisoners. In 1989, the Reagan administration entered into an agreement with the Vietnamese government, pursuant to which Vietnam would free all former ARVN soldiers and officials held in re-education camps and allow them to emigrate to the United States. Thus began the third large influx of Vietnamese immigrants into the country. The Vietnamese American Foundation began a program called \"The Returning Casualty\" in early 2006. It attempts to locate the graves of people", "In re Summers the specification of the requirements of eligibility or the course of study for applicants for admission to the bar, rather than a judicial proceeding.\" However, under \"Osborn v. Bank of the United States\", 22 U.S. 738 (1824), because the judicial power is invoked, this allows a case to arise. But was there a controversy? For a controversy to exist, Reed said, it must follow the rule laid down in \"Muskrat v. United States\", 219 U.S. 346 (1911), which held that there must be actual disagreement and merely a hypothetical or potential disagreement. The record in \"In re Summers\" was incomplete", "1990 Northern Territory general election contested the election again, but lost both of their seats. The 1990 election also saw the Greens emerge in territory politics, with 3.05% of the vote—fourth behind the CLP, Labor and the Nationals. Independents Noel Padgham-Purich and Denis Collins were both re-elected. The NT Nationals lost both seats of Barkly and Flynn. Sitting members are in bold. Successful candidates are highlighted in the relevant colour. 1990 Northern Territory general election A general election was held in the Northern Territory on Saturday 27 October 1990, and was won by the incumbent Country Liberal Party (CLP) under Chief Minister Marshall Perron. The", "In re Debs violations. In response Congress passed the Clayton Act of 1914 to take unions out of antitrust law. Debs would go on to lose another Supreme Court case in \"Debs v. United States\". In re Debs In re Debs, 158 U.S. 564 (1895), was a US labor law case of the United States Supreme Court decision handed down concerning Eugene V. Debs and labor unions. Eugene V. Debs, president of the American Railway Union, had been involved in the Pullman Strike earlier in 1894 and challenged the federal injunction ordering the strikers back to work where they would face being fired.", "1990 in British music been Principal Conductor since 1980. Notes: The 1990 BRIT Awards winners were: 1990 in British music This is a summary of 1990 in music in the United Kingdom, including the official charts from that year. The first year of the 1990s saw a total of 17 singles top the chart. The first, \"Hangin' Tough\" by the boyband New Kids on the Block, which became the group's second chart-topper, set the record for lowest first-week sales for a number 1, with only 28,000 copies sold. Although January is usually a low sales month due to it being post-Christmas season, the vinyl", "In re Summers became one of the most respected legal educators in the United States. He was highly influential in the field of labor law, and was considered the nation's leading expert on union democracy. \"What Louis Brandeis was to the field of privacy law, Clyde Summers is to the field of union democracy,\" wrote Widener University School of Law professor Michael J. Goldberg in the summer of 2010. \"Summers, like Brandeis, provided the theoretical foundation for an important new field of law.\" In re Summers In re Summers, 325 U.S. 561 (1945), is a 5-to-4 ruling by the United States Supreme Court", "Winter of 1990–91 in Western Europe Winter of 1990–91 in Western Europe The winter of 1990–91 was a particularly cold winter in Western Europe, noted especially for its effect on the United Kingdom, and for two significantly heavy falls of snow which occurred in December 1990 and February 1991. Sandwiched in between was a period of high winds and heavy rain which caused widespread damage. The winter was the coldest since January 1987, and the snowfall experienced in many parts of the United Kingdom would not be seen again until the snowfall of February 2009. The snowfall of early December 1990 was particularly disruptive to large", "In re Ferguson In re Ferguson In re Ferguson, 558 F.3d 1359 (Fed. Cir. 2009) is an early 2009 decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, affirming a rejection of business method claims by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). One of the first post-\"Bilski\" decisions by a Federal Circuit panel, \"Ferguson\" confirms the breadth of the en banc \"Bilski\" opinion's rejection of the core holdings in \"State Street Bank & Trust Co. v. Signature Financial Group, Inc.\" \"Ferguson\" was brought as a test case by patent attorney Scott Harris in what proved to be an", "In re Ross President Rutherford B. Hayes commuted the sentence to a life sentence of hard labor at Albany penitentiary. Although Ross accepted the commutation, he later sought a writ of habeas corpus for his release on the grounds that having been born on Prince Edward Island he was a British subject and so not subject to the jurisdiction of an American Consular Court. The Supreme Court upheld the jurisdiction of the court on the basis that having enrolled on a United States ship he became subject to the jurisdiction of United States courts. In re Ross In re Ross or Ross v.", "Hurricane Bertha (1990) Hurricane Bertha (1990) Hurricane Bertha caused minor damage in the United States, Bermuda, and Atlantic Canada in July and August 1990. The third tropical cyclone, second named storm, and first hurricane of the 1990 Atlantic hurricane season, Bertha developed from a frontal low pressure area offshore of North Carolina on July 24. Initially subtropical, it slowly acquired tropical characteristics while tracked southeast and then southwestward. By early on July 27, the cyclone was re-classified as a tropical depression. Following its transition, the depression intensified and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Bertha on July 28. The storm then curved northeastward and" ]

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[ "Greed is a negative trait." ]

[ "It's great to be greedy.", "A man rides his mountain bike down a waterfall wearing a blue helmet.", "A crane truck is parked in front of a construction site.", "Young people loiter in the dark.", "A young lad is reading.", "Nationalism is common in both countries.", "A boy wears a white outfit." ]

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[ "a man in the kitchen is cooking" ]

[ "the man is eating at the table", "Arresting him would have been quite the debacle, he said before turning to Inglethorp.", "A man sits and reads his paper in solitude.", "Chiran's Kamikaze Museum contains old military uniforms.", "She is doing yoga.", "A group of people are inside the White House.", "Dave wondered if anyone knew what cracked the sky." ]

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[ "Jay Loviglio John Paul Loviglio (born May 30, 1956 in Freeport, New York) is a former Major League Baseball second baseman who played for the Philadelphia Phillies (1980), Chicago White Sox (1981–82), and Chicago Cubs (1983). After his playing days, he began a minor league coaching/managing career.", "Freeport, New York Freeport (officially The Incorporated Village of Freeport) is a village in the town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York, USA, on the South Shore of Long Island. The population was 43,713 at the 2010 census. A settlement since the 1640s, it was once an oystering community and later a resort popular with the New York City theater community. It is now primarily a bedroom suburb but retains a modest commercial waterfront and some light industry." ]

[ "Watford Borough Council Watford Borough Council is the local authority for the Watford non-metropolitan district of England, the United Kingdom. Watford is located in the south-west of Hertfordshire, in the East of England region. The Council itself is based in the Town Hall on Hempstead Road.", "Five Towns The Five Towns is an informal grouping of villages and hamlets in Nassau County, United States on the South Shore of western Long Island adjoining the border with Queens County in New York City. Despite the name, none of these communities is a town. The Five Towns is usually said to comprise the villages of Lawrence and Cedarhurst, the hamlets of Woodmere and Inwood, and \"The Hewletts\", which consist of the villages of Hewlett Bay Park, Hewlett Harbor, and Hewlett Neck, and the hamlet of Hewlett, along with Woodsburgh. North Woodmere is technically not one one of the named \"Five Towns\" but many residents consider it as such because the entire area is served by the Five Towns' two local high schools. The \"towns\" most commonly included as constituents of the \"Five Towns\" are all in the southwest corner of the Town of Hempstead.", "Hemel Hempstead Town F.C. Hemel Hempstead Town Football Club is a semi-professional football club based in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England. Affiliated to the Hertfordshire County Football Association, they are currently members of the National League South, the sixth tier of English football, and play at Vauxhall Road.", "Massapequa Park, New York Massapequa Park is a village and hamlet located within the town of Oyster Bay in Nassau County, New York, United States. Areas south and east of the village borders are considered the hamlet of Massapequa Park because they are under the jurisdiction of the Town of Oyster Bay rather than the village. The hamlet shares the same zip code, fire department and school district as the village. The population was 17,008 at the 2010 census.", "West Essex F.C. West Essex Football Club is an English football club based in Highams Park in the London Borough of Waltham Forest. The club's first team play in the Essex Senior League .", "Wherstead Wherstead is a village and a civil parish located in county Suffolk, England. Wherstead village lies 3 mi south of Ipswich on the Shotley peninsula. It is an ancient settlement, and from its soil the plough has brought to light many evidences of occupation by Romans and by early Britons. In the \"Domesday Book\" the place is described under the names Querstede and Wervesteda. The name of the village and parish is in today generally pronounced Wersted or Warsted by the residents, the \"a\" in the latter case having the sound of \"a\" in father. Wherstead Park Mansion is a notable historic house which has been converted to a wedding venue.", "Hemyock Hemyock is a village and civil parish in Devon, England. It is about 8 miles north-west of Honiton and 5 mi south of the Somerset town of Wellington. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 1,519. Hemyock is part of the electoral ward of Upper Culm. The population of this ward at the above census was 4,039. The River Culm flows through Hemyock. Hemyock was the former home of the St Ivel dairy processing plant, formerly where the butter-spreads 'St Ivel Gold' and 'Utterly-Butterly' were produced before being moved to a factory in the north of England.", "Dacorum Borough Council Dacorum Borough Council is the local authority for the Dacorum non-metropolitan district of England, the United Kingdom. Dacorum is located in the north-west of Hertfordshire, in the East of England region. The Council itself is based in Hemel Hempstead, the largest settlement in the district.", "Ilfracombe Town F.C. Ilfracombe Town Football Club is a football club based in Ilfracombe, Devon, England. They are currently members of the South West Peninsula League Division One East and play at Marlborough Park, situated high on a hill overlooking the Bristol Channel.", "John LoCascio John LoCascio (born November 25, 1991 in Paterson, New Jersey) is a lacrosse player for the Rochester Rattlers in Major League Lacrosse.", "Grove Sports Stadium Grove Sports Stadium is a 20th-century large sports stadium/field on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England. It is situated within The Grove village, and is owned by the prison service; the nearby HM Prison Portland. It is found north-west of St. Peter's Church, and was created within an abandoned and disused quarry.", "Ted Hemsley Edward John Orton Hemsley (born 1 September 1943, in Stoke-on-Trent, England) was a professional footballer, playing at left-back for Sheffield United and Shrewsbury Town. He was also a first-class cricketer for Worcestershire.", "Hemsworth West End F.C. Hemsworth West End Football Club was an English association football club based in Hemsworth, West Yorkshire. In the 1925-26 season the club reached the final of the Sheffield Challenge Cup, the oldest county cup in England and fourth oldest surviving cup competition in England.", "Stourbridge F.C. Stourbridge Football Club (nicknamed \"The Glassboys\" due to the town's traditional association with the cut glass industry) is an English association football club based in the town of Stourbridge, West Midlands. The club currently plays in the Northern Premier League Premier Division.", "West Horsley West Horsley is a semi-rural village between Guildford and Leatherhead in Surrey, England. It lies on the A246, and south of the M25 and the A3. The Sheepleas Woods are on the northern downslopes of the ridge of hills known as the North Downs in the extreme south of the village, and stretch to 103 ha (1.03 km²).", "Ollerton Town F.C. Ollerton Town Football Club is a football club based in Ollerton, Nottinghamshire, England. As of the 2016–17 season, the Men's side is a member of the Northern Counties East League whilst the Ladies team play in the East Midlands Women's Regional Football League.", "Finchampstead F.C. Finchampstead Football Club is a football club based in Finchampstead, Berkshire, England. They are currently members of the Thames Valley Premier League Division One and play at Memorial Park.", "Cassiobury The Cassiobury Estate is a suburban residential area of Watford in Hertfordshire, England. It is bounded to the south by Cassiobury Park, the main public park in the town, to the west by playing fields next to the River Gade, and to the northeast by Hempstead Road. It is mostly characterised by 1930s Mock Tudor houses.", "Malverne, New York Malverne is a village in the town of Hempstead in Nassau County, New York, United States. The population was 8,514 at the 2010 census.", "Gosport and Fareham R.F.C. Gosport and Fareham R.F.C. is a Rugby Union club located in Gosport in Hampshire, England, with home games and training taking place at Gosport Park on Dolphin Crescent. The men's first XV currently play in London 2 South West (a league at level 7 of the English rugby union system) following their relegation from London 1 South at the end of the 2016-17 season." ]

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[ "Kathmandu is a center for art in Nepal, displaying the work of contemporary artists in the country and also collections of historical artists. Patan in particular is an ancient city noted for its fine arts and crafts. Art in Kathmandu is vibrant, demonstrating a fusion of traditionalism and modern art, derived from a great number of national, Asian, and global influences. Nepali art is commonly divided into two areas: the idealistic traditional painting known as Paubhas in Nepal and perhaps more commonly known as Thangkas in Tibet, closely linked to the country's religious history and on the other hand the contemporary western-style painting, including nature-based compositions or abstract artwork based on Tantric elements and social themes of which painters in Nepal are well noted for. Internationally, the British-based charity, the Kathmandu Contemporary Art Centre is involved with promoting arts in Kathmandu." ]

[ "The Great Garden is an important European baroque garden. The palace itself, however, was largely destroyed by Allied bombing but is currently under reconstruction.[citation needed] Some points of interest are the Grotto (the interior was designed by the French artist Niki de Saint-Phalle), the Gallery Building, the Orangerie and the two pavilions by Remy de la Fosse. The Great Garden consists of several parts. The most popular ones are the Great Ground and the Nouveau Jardin. At the centre of the Nouveau Jardin is Europe's highest garden fountain. The historic Garden Theatre inter alia hosted the musicals of the German rock musician Heinz Rudolf Kunze.[citation needed]", "While still a student, he was offered a small unpaid intern job at Universal Studios with the editing department. He was later given the opportunity to make a short film for theatrical release, the 26-minute, 35mm, Amblin', which he wrote and directed. Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed by the film, which had won a number of awards, and offered Spielberg a seven-year directing contract. It made him the youngest director ever to be signed for a long-term deal with a major Hollywood studio.:548 He subsequently dropped out of college to begin professionally directing TV productions with Universal.", "Contestants go through at least three sets of cuts. The first is a brief audition with a few other contestants in front of selectors which may include one of the show's producers. Although auditions can exceed 10,000 in each city, only a few hundred of these make it past the preliminary round of auditions. Successful contestants then sing in front of producers, where more may be cut. Only then can they proceed to audition in front of the judges, which is the only audition stage shown on television. Those selected by the judges are sent to Hollywood. Between 10–60 people in each city may make it to Hollywood[citation needed].", "Traditionally the annelids have been divided into two major groups, the polychaetes and clitellates. In turn the clitellates were divided into oligochaetes, which include earthworms, and hirudinomorphs, whose best-known members are leeches. For many years there was no clear arrangement of the approximately 80 polychaete families into higher-level groups. In 1997 Greg Rouse and Kristian Fauchald attempted a \"first heuristic step in terms of bringing polychaete systematics to an acceptable level of rigour\", based on anatomical structures, and divided polychaetes into:", "In 2004, a large share of natural gas reserves in Iran were untapped. The addition of new hydroelectric stations and the streamlining of conventional coal and oil-fired stations increased installed capacity to 33,000 megawatts. Of that amount, about 75% was based on natural gas, 18% on oil, and 7% on hydroelectric power. In 2004, Iran opened its first wind-powered and geothermal plants, and the first solar thermal plant is to come online in 2009. Iran is the third country in the world to have developed GTL technology.", "In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review.", "Greece was eventually occupied by the Nazis who proceeded to administer Athens and Thessaloniki, while other regions of the country were given to Nazi Germany's partners, Fascist Italy and Bulgaria. The occupation brought about terrible hardships for the Greek civilian population. Over 100,000 civilians died of starvation during the winter of 1941–1942, tens of thousands more died because of reprisals by Nazis and collaborators, the country's economy was ruined and the great majority of Greek Jews were deported and murdered in Nazi concentration camps. The Greek Resistance, one of the most effective resistance movements in Europe fought vehemently against the Nazis and their collaborators. The German occupiers committed numerous atrocities, mass executions, and wholesale slaughter of civilians and destruction of towns and villages in reprisals. In the course of the concerted anti-guerrilla campaign, hundreds of villages were systematically torched and almost 1,000,000 Greeks left homeless. In total, the Germans executed some 21,000 Greeks, the Bulgarians 40,000 and the Italians 9,000." ]

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[ "A man is reading a paper." ]

[ "A man is watching television.", "The Illinois Equal Justice Project does not have a mission.", "The researchers are in a lab.", "a woman is using a machine", "Workers build a bench.", "People on a train.", "Children are outside" ]

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[ "Muhammad Ali vs. Floyd Patterson Muhammad Ali vs. Floyd Patterson Muhammad Ali vs. Floyd Patterson refers to two North American Boxing Federation heavyweight professional boxing matches between the champion Muhammad Ali and former champion Floyd Patterson. The first match took place on November 22, 1965; and the second on September 20, 1972. Ali won both fights through technical knockouts. The first fight was stopped in the 12th round; and the second after the 7th round. Patterson had previously lost his heavyweight title to Sonny Liston in a 1st round knockout. In a later rematch, Patterson lost again in the 1st round. Liston later lost the", "Floyd Patterson the title on December 4, 1961 against Tom McNeeley and retained the title with a fourth-round knockout. However he did not fight number-one contender Sonny Liston. This was due in part to Cus D'Amato, who did not want Patterson in the ring with a boxer with mob connections. As a result, D'Amato turned down any challenges involving the IBC. Eventually, due to a monetary dispute with Jimmy Jacobs, Patterson removed D'Amato from handling his business affairs and agreed to fight Liston. Leading up to the fight, Sonny Liston was the major betting-line favorite, though \"Sports Illustrated\" predicted that Patterson would", "Ingemar Johansson heavyweight title is his most famous, Johansson's first-round victory of the undefeated American, Eddie Machen, in 1958 is also noteworthy and provides evidence of the power the Swede held in his right hand. Machen would go on to take Sonny Liston the twelve round distance in 1960 and lasted into the tenth round against Joe Frazier in 1966. Johansson also held the European Boxing Union Heavyweight title on two occasions, scoring stoppage victories over notable foes such as Henry Cooper, Dick Richardson and Joe Erskine. \"Ingemar Johansson\", McFarland Publishing (2015) by Ken Brooks. 272 pages. Ingemar Johansson Jens Ingemar \"Ingo\"", "Ingemar Johansson Richardson by an eight-round KO on 17 June 1962. By this time, Sonny Liston had captured the heavyweight crown from Patterson, and efforts were underway to match Johansson with Liston. Johansson, however, fought journeyman heavyweight Brian London on 21 April 1963, in a non-title twelve-round match. Johansson won most of the rounds by boxing fairly well but not throwing a serious right hand punch throughout the entire fight. In round twelve, with four seconds remaining in the fight, London tagged Johansson with a powerful right hand that knocked him down flat on his back. Johansson arose at the count of" ]

[ "Floyd Patterson win in 15 rounds. Jim Braddock, Jersey Joe Walcott, Ezzard Charles, Rocky Marciano and Ingemar Johansson picked Patterson to win. The fight also carried a number of social implications. Liston's connections with the mob were well known and the NAACP was concerned about having to deal with Liston's visibility as World Champion and had encouraged Patterson not to fight Liston, fearing that a Liston victory would tarnish the civil rights movement. Patterson also claimed that John F. Kennedy did not want him to fight Liston either. Patterson lost his title to Liston on September 25, 1962 in Chicago, by a", "Floyd Patterson Fame in 1991. Patterson lived in New Paltz, New York for many years. In 1982 and 1983 he ran the Stockholm Marathon together with Ingemar Johansson. His adopted son, Tracy Harris Patterson, was a world champion boxer in the 1990s and was trained by Floyd during part of his career. They are the first father and son to win world titles in boxing. Floyd also trained Canadian heavyweight Donovan \"Razor\" Ruddock in 1992 for his fights with Greg Page, Phil Jackson, and Lennox Lewis. The New Paltz High School football field was named \"Floyd Patterson Field\" in 1985. Floyd Patterson", "Floyd Patterson round to win the rubber match in which Patterson was decked twice and Johansson, once in the first round. Johansson had landed both right hands over Floyd's left jab. After getting up from the second knockdown, Floyd abandoned his jab and connected with a left hook that knocked down Johansson. After that, Patterson came on with a strong body attack that wore down Johansson. In the 6th round, Johansson caught Patterson with a solid right. But the power in Ingemar's punches was gone. Patterson won the fight in the 6th round by knockout. After the third Johansson fight, Patterson defended", "Floyd Patterson was the first Olympic gold medalist to win a professional heavyweight title. After a series of defenses against fringe contenders (Hurricane Jackson, Pete Rademacher, Roy Harris, and Brian London), Patterson met Ingemar Johansson of Sweden, the number one contender, in the first of three fights. Johansson triumphed over Patterson on June 26, 1959, with the referee Ruby Goldstein stopping the fight in the third round after the Swede had knocked Patterson down seven times. Johansson became Sweden's first World Heavyweight Champion, thus becoming a national hero as the first European to defeat an American for the title since 1933. Patterson", "Rocky Marciano round, but recovered and retained his title with a knockout in round nine. Marciano announced his retirement on April 27, 1956, aged 32. He finished his career at 49–0. Marciano considered a comeback in 1959 when Ingemar Johansson won the Heavyweight Championship from Floyd Patterson on June 26, 1959. After only a month of training in nearly four years, Marciano decided against it and never seriously considered a comeback again. After his retirement, Marciano entered the world of television, first appearing in the \"Combat!\" episode \"Masquerade\" and then hosting a weekly boxing show on TV in 1961. For a brief", "Ingemar Johansson Johansson was married three times and is survived by five children. In January 2011, the 1959 Johnny Lion song \"Ingemar Johansson\", which chronicles the 1959 Patterson fight, was re-released on the compilation album \"From The Vault: The Coed Records Lost Master Tapes, Volume 1\". While his victory over Floyd Patterson was a huge upset at the time, Johansson's standing within heavyweight history is fairly poor. Considered to be an ordinary fighter with a very good right hand, the Swede was perhaps fortunate to have met Patterson, one of history's more vulnerable heavyweight champions, for the title. Patterson also likely took", "Ingemar Johansson Ingemar Johansson Jens Ingemar \"Ingo\" Johansson (; 22 September 1932 – 30 January 2009) was a Swedish professional boxer who competed from 1952 to 1963. He held the world heavyweight title from 1959 to 1960, and was the fifth heavyweight champion born outside the United States. Johansson won the title by defeating Floyd Patterson via third-round stoppage, after flooring him seven times in that round. For this achievement, Johansson was awarded the Hickok Belt as top professional athlete of the year—the only non-American to do so in the belt's entire 27-year existence—and was named the Associated Press Male Athlete of", "Ingemar Johansson four, just as the bell rang to end the fight. Film of this fight clearly illustrates Ingo was upright but groggy at the sound of the bell, but was the points winner. The next day, the front page of Stockholm's newspapers showed a photo of him dizzy, climbing the ropes, with the headline \"Wake up Ingo – You won!\" After seeing this, he sat down and wrote a letter to the European Boxing Union, resigning his title and retiring from boxing at the age of 30. Ingemar Johansson and Floyd Patterson became good friends who flew across the Atlantic to", "Floyd Patterson Floyd Patterson Floyd Patterson (January 4, 1935 – May 11, 2006) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1952 to 1972, and twice reigned as the world heavyweight champion from 1956 to 1962. At the age of 21, he became the youngest boxer in history to win the title, and was also the first heavyweight to regain the title after losing it. As an amateur, he won a gold medal in the middleweight division at the 1952 Summer Olympics. In 1956 and 1960, Patterson was voted Fighter of the Year by \"The Ring\" magazine and the Boxing Writers Association", "Floyd Patterson suffered from Alzheimer's disease and prostate cancer and had been hospitalized for a week prior to his death. He died at home in New Paltz, on May 11, 2006 at age 71. He is buried at New Paltz Rural Cemetery in New Paltz, Ulster County, New York. Floyd Patterson Floyd Patterson (January 4, 1935 – May 11, 2006) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1952 to 1972, and twice reigned as the world heavyweight champion from 1956 to 1962. At the age of 21, he became the youngest boxer in history to win the title, and was also", "Floyd Patterson former Light Heavyweight Champion Joey Maxim on June 7, 1954, at the Eastern Parkway Arena in Brooklyn, New York. Although Patterson fought around the light heavyweight limit for much of his early career, he and manager Cus D'Amato always had plans to fight for the Heavyweight Championship. In fact, D'Amato made these plans clear as early as 1954, when he told the press that Patterson was aiming for the heavyweight title. However, after Rocky Marciano announced his retirement as World Heavyweight Champion on April 27, 1956, Patterson was ranked by The \"Ring\" magazine as the top light heavyweight contender. After", "Floyd Patterson continued on, defeating Oscar Bonavena in a close fight over ten rounds in early 1972. At age 37, Patterson was stopped in the seventh round in a rematch with Muhammad Ali for the NABF heavyweight title on September 20, 1972. The defeat proved to be Patterson's last fight, although there was never an announcement of retirement. In retirement, he and Ingemar Johansson became good friends who flew across the Atlantic to visit each other every year and he served two terms as chairman of the New York State Athletic Commission. He was also inducted into the International Boxing Hall of", "Ingemar Johansson when Leon Spinks dropped the title back to Muhammad Ali, having beaten him in February of that year to become champion. Outside of Europe, Johansson is best remembered as the opponent whom Patterson beat to become the first man to regain the heavyweight championship. As this loss, and the one which he suffered to the American in their third fight, are his only defeats, Johansson is one of three heavyweight champions to have retired with victories over every opponent he faced as a professional. The others are Rocky Marciano and Lennox Lewis. Although the win over Patterson to claim the", "Muhammad Ali vs. Floyd Patterson mocked, humiliated and punished Patterson throughout the fight before knocking him out in the 12th round. A New York Times reporter complained that the fight was like watching someone \"pulling the wings off a butterfly.\" On September 20, 1972, Patterson fought Ali for the second time. At age 37, Patterson was stopped in the 7th round. The defeat proved to be Patterson's last fight, although there was never an announcement of retirement. Muhammad Ali vs. Floyd Patterson Muhammad Ali vs. Floyd Patterson refers to two North American Boxing Federation heavyweight professional boxing matches between the champion Muhammad Ali and former", "Curtis Sheppard Walker by decision. Walker was knocked out in nine rounds. Then Sheppard was knocked out in seven rounds by Perk Daniels on April 9, 1945. This was followed by a points loss at the hands of Jimmy Bivins. Sheppard then had consecutive wins over Nate Bolden, Johnny Allen, and Perkins in a rematch, before facing Jersey Joe Walcott again, and Archie Moore. He dropped decisions to Walcott and Moore, but Moore would later claim that, of all of his opponents, which included Bob Satterfield, Ezzard Charles, Rocky Marciano, Floyd Patterson, and Muhammad Ali, it was Sheppard who hit him the", "Ingemar Johansson attention to defending his title against Floyd Patterson. The two signed for a rematch on 20 June 1960. Patterson knocked Johansson out in the fifth round with a leaping left hook to become the first man to recover the world's undisputed heavyweight title. The punch caught Johansson's chin and he hit the canvas with a thud, out cold before he landed flat on his back. With blood trickling from his mouth, his glazed eyes staring up at the ring lights, and his left foot twitching, the Swede was counted out. After the count, Patterson showed his concern for Johansson by", "Ingemar Johansson with a TKO in 13 on 21 February 1958. Johansson earned his shot at the world heavyweight crown when he knocked out top ranked contender Eddie Machen in the first round of their elimination match on 14 September 1958. In front of 53,615 fans in Ullevi football stadium, Johansson downed Machen three times, finally finishing him with a barrage of punches at 2:16 of the first round. Johansson then signed to fight champion Floyd Patterson. Johansson was a colourful figure in New York City as he trained for the fight. Eschewing the monastic training regimen favored by Patterson and other", "Floyd Patterson knocked out Johansson in the fifth round of their rematch on June 20, 1960, to become the first man in history to regain the Undisputed World Heavyweight Championship. Johansson hit the canvas hard, seemingly out before he landed flat on his back. With glazed eyes, blood trickling from his mouth and his left foot quivering, he was counted out. Johansson lay unconscious for five minutes before he was helped onto a stool. A third fight between them was held on March 13, 1961 and while Johansson put Patterson on the floor, Patterson retained his title by knockout in the sixth", "Rocky Marciano Rocky Marciano Rocco Francis Marchegiano (September 1, 1923 – August 31, 1969), best known as Rocky Marciano (), was an American professional boxer who competed from 1947 to 1955. He held the world heavyweight title from 1952 to 1956, and retired undefeated as champion. His six title defenses were against Jersey Joe Walcott, Roland La Starza, Ezzard Charles (twice), Don Cockell and Archie Moore. Known for his relentless fighting style, formidable punching power, stamina and exceptionally durable chin, Marciano has been included by boxing historians in lists of the greatest boxers of all time, and is currently ranked by BoxRec", "Floyd Patterson of America. He was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1991. Born into a poor family in Waco, North Carolina, Patterson was the youngest of eleven children and experienced an insular and troubled childhood. His family moved to Brooklyn, New York, where Floyd was a truant and petty thief. At age 10, he was sent to the Wiltwyck School for Boys, a reform school in upstate New York, which he credited with turning his life around. He stayed there for almost 2 years. He attended high school in New Paltz, New York where he succeeded in all", "Ingemar Johansson third fight with Patterson, Ingemar sparred with a young Muhammad Ali, (known then as Cassius Clay) in Miami Beach. After Cassius had \"boxed his way around the ring, as if it was he, using 'Ingo' as a sparring partner\", somebody offered $100,000 to Ingemar to fight in a televised event with Ali, but Ingemar declined saying that the fight would not draw three ticket holders and that Ali did not have the ability to step in the ring with him at that time. Johansson proposed to girlfriend Birgit in April 1960 after the champion visited Egypt. Then he turned his", "Floyd Patterson Patterson, who wanted him to quit boxing, while he still had hopes for another title shot. When Ali was stripped of his title for refusing induction into the military, the World Boxing Association staged an eight-man tournament to determine his successor. Patterson fought Jerry Quarry to a draw in 1967. In a rematch four months later, Patterson lost a controversial 12-round decision to Quarry. Subsequently, in a third and final attempt at winning the title a third time, Patterson lost a controversial 15-round referee's decision to Jimmy Ellis in Sweden, despite breaking Ellis's nose and scoring a disputed knockdown. Patterson", "Ruby Goldstein him.\" Goldstein also refereed the first Floyd Patterson-Ingemar Johansson world heavyweight championship fight in Yankee Stadium on June 26, 1959. In the third round Johansson floored Patterson, who arose but appeared out on his feet. Goldstein was criticized for not immediately stopping the match and allowing Johansson to knock Patterson down six more times before ultimately awarding the bout to Johansson. The biggest controversy involving Goldstein as a referee occurred in on March 24, 1962 when he refereed the Benny \"Kid\" Paret-Emile Griffith world welterweight championship fight, which was televised live by American Broadcasting Company in Madison Square Garden. Paret", "Rocky Marciano 6½-to-5 underdog. Marciano upset Louis in the latter's last career bout. After four more wins, including victories over 35-year-old Lee Savold (96–37–3) and Harry Matthews (81–3–5), Marciano received a shot at the world title. Marciano, 29, faced the World Heavyweight Champion, 38-year-old Jersey Joe Walcott, in Philadelphia on September 23, 1952. Walcott dropped Marciano in the first round and steadily built a points lead. In the 13th, Walcott used his trademark feint to set up his right hand, but Marciano's \"Suzie Q\" landed first, a powerful right hook causing Walcott to slump to his knees with his arm draped over", "Arthur Mercante Sr. Arthur Mercante Sr. Arthur Mercante Sr. (January 26, 1920 – April 10, 2010) was an international boxing referee. His career lasted from the 1960s until 2001. Mercante's son also became a noted referee. In his youth, Arthur Mercante Sr. was a member of the Merchant Marines. His first title bout was the second fight between Floyd Patterson and Ingemar Johansson. Johansson had won the world heavyweight title in the first fight. In the second fight, Patterson became the first fighter to regain the heavyweight title. Mercante was also the referee for many notable bouts, including the first Muhammad Ali-Joe Frazier", "Floyd Patterson Marciano's announcement, Jim Norris of the International Boxing Club stated that Patterson was one of the six fighters who would take part in an elimination tournament to crown Marciano's successor. \"The Ring\" then moved Patterson into the heavyweight rankings, at number five. After beating Tommy \"Hurricane\" Jackson in an elimination fight, Patterson faced former Light Heavyweight Champion Archie Moore on November 30, 1956, for the World Heavyweight Championship. He beat Moore by a knockout in five rounds and became the youngest World Heavyweight Champion in history, at the age of 21 years, 10 months, 3 weeks and 5 days. He", "Ingemar Johansson its protective peek-a-boo position before his chin, Johansson drilled him with a short powerful right hand. Patterson went down, arose on unsteady legs and was out on his feet. Johansson followed up his advantage and sent Patterson down six more times in the round before the bout was stopped by referee Ruby Goldstein. Johansson celebrated with his girlfriend and future wife Birgit Lundgren and the next day a headline in a New York newspaper expressed the city's amazement. It read: \"Ingo – It's Bingo.\" When Johansson returned to Sweden, he flew in on a helicopter, landing in the main football", "Tracy Harris Patterson a pro record of 63-8-2. As an amateur, Patterson won two New York Golden Gloves Championships. Patterson won both the 1984 119 Lbs. Open Championship and the 1985 125 Lbs. Open Championship. Patterson trained at the Hugenot Boys Club in New Paltz, New York by his adoptive father, former heavyweight champion Floyd Patterson, a two-time Golden Gloves winner. Patterson turned pro in 1985 and captured the WBC super bantamweight title in 1992 with a TKO over Thierry Jacob. Tracy and his father Floyd are the first father and son to win world titles in boxing. He defended the title four", "Floyd Patterson injured sacro-iliac joint in a bout in which Ali was clearly dominant. Ali called Patterson an \"Uncle Tom\" for refusing to call him Muhammad Ali (Patterson continued to call him Cassius Clay) and for his outspokenness against black Muslims. Instead of scoring a quick knockout, Ali mocked, humiliated and punished Patterson throughout the fight before the referee finally stopped the fight in the 12th round. Patterson remained a legitimate contender. In 1966 he traveled to England and knocked out British boxer Henry Cooper in just four rounds at Wembley Stadium. In September 1969 he divorced his first wife, Sandra Hicks", "Floyd Patterson first-round knockout in front of 18,894 fans. The two fighters were a marked contrast. In the ring, Liston's size and power proved too much for Patterson's guile and agility. However, Patterson did not use his speed to his benefit. According to \"Sports Illustrated\" writer Gilbert Rogin, Patterson didn't punch enough and frequently tried to clinch with Liston. Liston battered Patterson with body shots and then shortened up and connected with two double hooks high on the head. The result at the time was the third-fastest knockout in boxing history. After being knocked out, Patterson left Comiskey Park in Chicago wearing", "Floyd Patterson first round. Patterson lasted four seconds longer than in the first bout. Following these defeats, Patterson went through a depression. However, he eventually recovered and began winning fights again, including top victories over Eddie Machen and George Chuvalo. The Chuvalo match getting \"Ring\" magazine's \"Fight of the Year\" award. Patterson was now the number-one challenger for the title held by Muhammad Ali. On November 22, 1965, in yet another attempt to be the first to win the world heavyweight title three times, Patterson lost by technical knockout at the end of the 12th round, going into the fight with an", "Ingemar Johansson eating creamed chicken, strawberry shortcake, and cherry cheesecake. Nonetheless the fight was competitive. Johansson caught Patterson leaping at him in the very first round and knocked him down. He followed his advantage up by scoring another knockdown, but was himself caught going in wide open by that famous Patterson left hook, resulting in a knockdown. As the fight progressed, it became obvious that Johansson was spent. Patterson won when the referee swiftly stopped the contest in round six after Johansson had been knocked down once again. Johansson, then only 29, returned to Europe. He recaptured the European crown from Dick", "Jersey Joe Walcott finally become world heavyweight champion, at the relatively old age of 37. This made him the oldest man ever to win the world heavyweight crown (a distinction he would hold until George Foreman won the title at age 45 in 1994). Walcott retained the title with a 15-round decision victory against arch-enemy Charles. On September 23, 1952, he defended his title for the second time. His opponent was the undefeated Rocky Marciano. In the first round Marciano was knocked down for the first time in his career, with a left hook from Walcott. Walcott was clearly ahead in the scoring", "Floyd Patterson sports. Patterson took up boxing at age fourteen, and was trained by Cus D'Amato at his Gramercy Gym. Three years later, he won the gold medal in the 1952 Helsinki Olympics as a middleweight. In 1952, he won the National Amateur Middleweight Championship and New York Golden Gloves Middleweight Championship. Patterson's amateur record was 40 wins (37 by knockout) and 4 defeats. Patterson carried his hands higher than most boxers, in front of his face. Sportswriters called Patterson's style a \"peek-a-boo\" stance. Patterson turned pro and steadily rose through the ranks, his only early defeat being an eight-round decision to", "Sonny Liston the audience that Liston received unaccustomed support from the crowd. Before his bout with Liston, Muhammad Ali consulted Machen and was advised that the key to success was to make Liston lose his temper. Liston became the No. 1 contender in 1960, but the handlers of World Heavyweight Champion Floyd Patterson refused to give him a shot at the title because of Liston's links to organized crime. Ironically, Patterson's manager, Cus D'Amato, associated with racketeers and had his manager's license revoked by the New York State Athletic Commission for alleged misconduct in connection with the Floyd Patterson–Ingemar Johansson title fight", "Sardinas–Patterson algorithm Sardinas–Patterson algorithm In coding theory, the Sardinas–Patterson algorithm is a classical algorithm for determining in polynomial time whether a given variable-length code is uniquely decodable, named after August Albert Sardinas and George W. Patterson, who published it in 1953. The algorithm carries out a systematic search for a string which admits two different decompositions into codewords. As Knuth reports, the algorithm was rediscovered about ten years later in 1963 by Floyd, despite the fact that it was at the time already well known in coding theory. Consider the code formula_1. This code, which is based on an example by Berstel,", "Ingemar Johansson that a European again held the undisputed heavyweight championship, as Johansson had 40 years earlier. Johansson was also the last Caucasian (and last non-American) to hold the heavyweight title until South Africa's Gerrie Coetzee won the WBA version in 1983. Despite never successfully defending the title, Johansson can claim to have been a heavyweight champion through two decades (The 1950s and 1960s). He was the first heavyweight champion to lose the title to the man whom he had beaten to become champion since Ezzard Charles's loss to Jersey Joe Walcott in 1951. This would not happen again until September 1978,", "Tracy Harris Patterson Tracy Harris Patterson Tracy Harris Patterson, (born on December 26, 1964), is a former boxer who became a two weight world champion. Born Tracy Harris in Grady, Alabama, he is the adopted son of former Golden Gloves and world heavyweight champion Floyd Patterson, turned Golden Gloves success into a solid pro career. He won the WBC super bantamweight title with a two-round TKO of Thierry Jacob and defended the title for two years before losing the belt to Hector Acero-Sanchez in 1994. He later won the IBF super featherweight title against Eddie Hopson in 1995. Patterson retired in 2001 with", "Mandatory eight count fight for the bout between Floyd Patterson and Ingemar Johansson in Florida. Reaction to the new rule from the fighters was positive with Johansson saying \"It was good that he had the eight-count\" and Patterson said \"The eight-count helped me, those extra few seconds gave my head a chance to clear.\" In 1997, the mandatory eight count was adopted by the World Kickboxing Association for professional kickboxing matches. The mandatory eight count is different from the standing eight count where referees had the power to pause the fight and start a count if he felt a fighter was in trouble", "James Patterson (New Jersey) James Patterson (New Jersey) James Patterson was an American Democratic Party politician from New Jersey, who served as director of the Director of the Monmouth County, New Jersey Board of Chosen Freeholders and the New Jersey Legislative Council. A son of Jehu Patterson, James Patterson was born in Middletown Township, New Jersey on March 25, 1794. Elected as a Democrat to the Legislative Council in 1841, Patterson served through 1844; that year he was elected Vice President of Council, a position held a decade earlier by his father. In 1845, Patterson was elected to the Board of Chosen Freeholders representing", "Ingemar Johansson cradling his motionless opponent, and promising him a second rematch. Johansson lay flat on his back on the canvas for five minutes before he was placed on a stool brought into the ring. He was still dazed and unsteady fifteen minutes after the knockout as he was helped out of the ring. Patterson and Johansson fought their final match on 13 March 1961. Johansson appeared to be in the worst physical condition of his three bouts with Patterson. A. J. Liebling, writing in \"The New Yorker\", said the outcome seemed preordained and that Johansson was not dieting for the fight,", "Muhammad Ali vs. Floyd Patterson title to Ali. Meanwhile, Patterson won bouts against Eddie Machen and George Chuvalo. Patterson was now the number-one challenger for the title held by Ali. On November 22, 1965, Patterson fought Ali for the first time. Patterson lost by technical knockout at the end of the 12th round, going into the fight with an injured sacro-iliac joint in a bout in which Ali was clearly dominant. Ali called Patterson an \"Uncle Tom\" for refusing to call him Muhammad Ali (Patterson continued to call him Cassius Clay) and for this outspokenness against black Muslims. Instead of scoring a quick knockout, Ali", "Rocky Marciano in his first championship against Jersey Joe Walcott, 38, and the second occurred against 38 year-old Archie Moore. On the bootleg tapes of the Beatles in session in 1965 recording \"Think For Yourself\", John Lennon can be heard reflecting and joking about a meeting he had with Marciano, in which Marciano talked about Joe Louis. Marciano's punch was tested and it was featured in the December 1963 issue of \"Boxing Illustrated\": \"Marciano's knockout blow packs more explosive energy than an armor-piercing bullet and represents as much energy as would be required to spot lift 1000 pounds one foot off the", "Jersey Joe Walcott and Marciano needed a knockout to win, according to two of the three official scorecards. In the thirteenth round with Marciano pressuring Walcott against the ropes, both threw simultaneous right hands. Marciano landed his punch first on Walcott´s jaw in what is considered one of the hardest punches thrown in boxing history. Walcott collapsed with his arm hanging over the ropes then fell to the canvas where he was counted out. There was a rematch in Chicago, on May 15, 1953, and the second time around, Walcott was again defeated by Marciano by a knockout, this time in the first", "Rocky Marciano and then won his next 98, though he never won the lightweight title. Heavyweight champion Gene Tunney never suffered a defeat at heavyweight and retired as champion, only losing one career fight at light heavyweight. Apart from Marciano, only a few boxers have retired as undefeated world champions throughout history. , only Michael Loewe, Pichit Sitbangprachan, Harry Simon, Sven Ottke, Joe Calzaghe, Edwin Valero, Andre Ward, and Floyd Mayweather Jr. retired with perfect records, neither defeats nor draws. Yet, most of those fighters had asterisks next to their unbeaten records. Simon ended his career due to a prison sentence. Valero", "Dick Richardson (boxer) an astonishing first-round knockout. The bout was held in Dortmund. Mildenberger would fight Muhammad Ali for the world title several years later. Richardson’s fourth defence of his title was in June 1962, against the hard-punching Swede, Ingemar Johansson. Johansson had been world heavyweight champion after beating Floyd Patterson, but had subsequently lost the title to Patterson in June 1960. The bout was held in Gothenburg, Sweden in front of 50,000 spectators, and Richardson was knocked out in the eighth round. Richardson’s last fight was in March 1963, when Henry Cooper defended his British and Commonwealth heavyweight titles against him at", "Floyd Patterson dark glasses and a fake beard for the drive back to New York. After the fight, questions were raised on whether the fight was fixed to set up a more lucrative rematch. Overnight, Patterson seemed to lose his public support as a result of his swift knockout. The rematch was set for April 1963; however, Liston injured his knee swinging a golf club and the fight was delayed to July 22, 1963. In Las Vegas that night, Patterson attempted to become the first boxer to win the heavyweight title three times, but Liston once again knocked him out in the", "Rocky Marciano the ropes. He lay motionless long after he had been counted out and Marciano became the new World Heavyweight Champion. At the time of the stoppage, Walcott was leading on all scorecards 8–4, 7–5, and 7–4. His first defense came a year later - a rematch against Walcott, 39, who this time was knocked out in the first round. Next, it was Roland La Starza's turn to challenge Marciano. After building a small lead on the judges' scorecards all the way through the middle rounds, Marciano won the rematch by a technical knockout in the 11th round. Then came two", "Sonny Liston Ezzard Charles, Rocky Marciano and Ingemar Johansson all picked Patterson to win. Muhammad Ali (at the time a rising contender named Cassius Clay) predicted a knockout by Liston in the first five rounds. The fight turned out to be a mismatch. Liston, with a 25-pound weight advantage, to , knocked out Patterson at 2:06 of the first round, putting him down for the count with a powerful left hook to the jaw. \"Sports Illustrated\" writer Gilbert Rogin wrote: \"that final left hook crashed into Patterson's cheek like a diesel rig going downhill, no brakes.\" It was the third-fastest knockout in", "My Life as a Dog field during a track meet and was killed by a javelin and the story of the dog Laika several times, the first creature sent into orbit by the Russians (without any way to get her back down). The film ends with the radio broadcast of a famous heavyweight championship boxing match, between Swede Ingemar Johansson and American Floyd Patterson. When Johansson wins, the whole town erupts with joy, but the now-reconciled Ingemar and Saga are fast asleep together on a couch. The movie received mostly positive reviews, with Rotten Tomatoes giving it an average of 7.9/10. 100% of the critics", "Ingemar Johansson the challenge of Johansson lightly, given the Swede's apparently lackadaisical approach to training. This was also at a time when it was considered a virtual impossibility that a European heavyweight could inflict a defeat on an American champion on U.S soil. Furthermore, Patterson had defended the title just 56 days previously, against Britain's Brian London, and likely considered Johansson to be another inept challenger from Europe. Johannsson's world title victory is still historically significant within European boxing, as he became only the fourth-ever European to become heavyweight champion, and the first since Primo Carnera in 1933, who lost the title", "James Patterson (New Jersey) Middletown Township. At the May 14, 1851 annual reorganization, he was chosen as Director of the Monmouth County, New Jersey Board of Chosen Freeholders, and served as Director through May 9, 1855 when he left the board. Patterson returned to the state legislature in 1860, when he was elected to the General Assembly; he was reelected in 1861. James Patterson died on May 2, 1867. Five sons would serve in public office, namely, Jehu, James and C. Ewing, who each would serve as county clerk; John, sheriff; and Samuel, freeholder. James Patterson (New Jersey) James Patterson was an American Democratic", "Cus D'Amato Boxing Club of New York (IBC). Suspicious to the point of paranoia, D'Amato refused to match his fighter in any bout promoted by the IBC. The IBC was eventually found to be in violation of anti-trust laws and was dissolved. Under D'Amato's tutelage, Floyd Patterson captured the Olympic middleweight gold medal in the 1952 Helsinki games. D'Amato then guided Patterson through the professional ranks, manoeuvring Patterson into fighting for the title vacated by Rocky Marciano. After beating Tommy \"Hurricane\" Jackson in an elimination fight, Patterson faced Light Heavyweight Champion Archie Moore on November 30, 1956, for the World Heavyweight Championship.", "Greatest Heavyweights Greatest Heavyweights Greatest Heavyweights is a boxing video game that was published by Sega in 1994. It was released for the Sega Genesis console. It is a follow-up to \"Evander Holyfield's Real Deal Boxing\", and is virtually identical in many ways, apart from a number of significant improvements. The game features eight of the most famous and successful heavyweight boxers in history: Muhammad Ali, Jack Dempsey, Joe Frazier, Larry Holmes, Evander Holyfield, Joe Louis, Rocky Marciano, and Floyd Patterson. There are also a total of thirty other imaginary fighters present in the game. The cartridge supports the 6 button control", "Pay-per-view few over-the-air pay TV stations that offered pay-per-view broadcasts in addition to regularly scheduled broadcasts of movies and other entertainment. These stations, which operated for a few years in Chicago, Los Angeles and some other cities, broadcast \"scrambled\" signals that required descrambler devices to convert the signal into standard broadcast format. These services were marketed as \"ON-TV.\" The first home pay-per-view cable television broadcast was the Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson rematch in 1960, when 25,000 TelePrompTer subscribers mailed $2 to watch Patterson regain the heavyweight title. The third PattersonJohansson match in 1961 was later viewed by 100,000 paid cable", "Long count Ingemar Johansson was thought to have got a short count after being knocked down by Floyd Patterson in their 1961 rubbermatch, having been counted out despite rising a split second before the referee reached ten. Film footage showed Johansson had actually been down for between 11 and 12 seconds. Ultimately, a referee's ten count is rarely a precise ten seconds; rather, it is simply a human's count to ten. Long count Long Count or Slow count is a term used in boxing. When a boxer is knocked down in a fight, the referee will count over them and the boxer", "Jersey Joe Walcott Jersey Joe Walcott Arnold Raymond Cream (January 31, 1914 – February 25, 1994), best known as Jersey Joe Walcott, was an American professional boxer who competed from 1930 to 1953. He held the world heavyweight title from 1951 to 1952, and broke the record for the oldest man to win the title, at the age of 37. That record would eventually be broken in 1994 by 45-year-old George Foreman. After retiring from boxing, Walcott did some acting, playing small parts in a few movies and television shows. He also refereed several boxing matches, but after the controversial ending to the", "Jersey Joe Walcott of Fame. Jersey Joe Walcott Arnold Raymond Cream (January 31, 1914 – February 25, 1994), best known as Jersey Joe Walcott, was an American professional boxer who competed from 1930 to 1953. He held the world heavyweight title from 1951 to 1952, and broke the record for the oldest man to win the title, at the age of 37. That record would eventually be broken in 1994 by 45-year-old George Foreman. After retiring from boxing, Walcott did some acting, playing small parts in a few movies and television shows. He also refereed several boxing matches, but after the controversial ending", "Patterson (radio series) Patterson (radio series) Patterson is a BBC radio sitcom about a hapless university lecturer. It was billed as a comedy series in eight parts, written by Malcolm Bradbury and Christopher Bigsby but strictly speaking, it is a serial. The show was produced by Geoffrey Perkins. It tells the tale of Doctor Andrew Patterson (Lewis Fiander) who is cajoled by his wife Jane (Judy Parfitt) into accepting a job in the dysfunctional English department of a provincial red-brick university. This is the catalyst for a catalogue of unfortunate events which sees his life rapidly crumble around him, bit by bit. The", "Neil Leifer of most of the major sporting events throughout the world. Among the highlights of the Collection are photographs, many of which have become iconic images from 16 Olympic Games (7 winter and 9 summer), 4 World Soccer Cups, 17 Kentucky Derbies, 15 Masters Golf Tournaments, countless World Series games, every NFL football Championship Game beginning in 1958 and running through the first 12 Super Bowl games. The Collection contains photographs of every important heavyweight title fight since Floyd Patterson beat Ingemar Johansson to regain the title in 1960. Most of the best known photographs of the world’s most recognizable sports", "Randolph, New Jersey 1950s, farms, large hotels and bungalow colonies dotted the community. Performers such as Phil Silvers, and Frank Sinatra appeared at the hotels. Boxers Max Baer, Floyd Patterson, James J. Braddock and Rocky Marciano trained or fought at the Saltz Hotel. Randolph's township historical landmarks include the 1869 Bryant Distillery (famed for its applejack) and the 1924 Millbrook School, now rehabilitated and in use as offices. The Liberty Tree (which dated back to 1720) was also one of the town landmarks until its removal due to deterioration on August 31, 2018. The Randolph Historical Society has preserved the township's historical heritage", "Ingemar Johansson fighters, Johansson trained at the Catskill resort of Grossingers. He did not seem to train particularly hard, and was often seen at night spots with his attractive girlfriend, Elaine Sloane, whom he asked out while she was working for \"Sports Illustrated\". He entered the ring in Yankee Stadium on 26 June 1959, as a 5–1 underdog. Johansson spent the first two rounds of the encounter retreating and flicking a light left jab at the champion. In the third round, Johansson threw a wide left hook that Patterson blocked with his right hand. When he moved his right hand away from", "Rocky Marciano in. This, however, did not matter because he was able to take the shots. He is known for having one of the best chins in boxing history, being knocked down just twice in his entire career, both times more to do with poor balancing rather than being dazed. Rocky Marciano was the inspiration for the name, iconography and fighting style of the title character Rocky Balboa from Sylvester Stallone's \"Rocky\" movie series. The character Rocky dreams of becoming like his idol Rocky Marciano and later in the series even gives his son a valuable possession (a boxing glove necklace made", "Patterson (radio series) She gives Patterson a shock in the second episode. Solon (Hugh Thomas, uncredited) A student in Patterson's class in episode two. Jake (Philip Davis) A cocky student who features in episode three. Mrs Jackson (Francis Jeater) A busybody who is the Pattersons' other next door neighbour. Librarian (Uncredited) A bone-idle colleague of Cuthbertson who 'assists' Patterson in episode four. Mrs Misty (Francis Jeater) The Professor's wife who features briefly in episodes five and seven. Inspector Firestone (David Tate) A policeman Patterson has a run in with in episode six. Hotel Manager (Rowland Davies) Features in episode seven. Ancient boy (Patrick", "Floyd Robertson host a cartoon show or even a horror show, as Floyd did. Floyd Robertson Floyd Robertson is a fictional news anchor and reporter, portrayed by Joe Flaherty on the Canadian sketch comedy series \"SCTV\" in the 1970s and 1980s. He was a co-anchor, with Earl Camembert (another fictional newscaster, played by Eugene Levy), of the \"SCTV News\". In addition, he doubled as the long-running horror host Count Floyd on \"Monster Chiller Horror Theatre\". Floyd Robertson's name was originally derived from that of CBC news anchor Lloyd Robertson. Shortly after Floyd Robertson debuted, Lloyd Robertson changed networks, and became the longtime", "Primo Carnera Carnera was the third European to hold the world heavyweight championship after Bob Fitzsimmons and Max Schmeling. He would be the last until Ingemar Johansson claimed the title against Floyd Patterson in 1959, over a quarter of a century later. Carnera's 1933 title defense against Tommy Loughran held the record for the greatest weight differential between two combatants in a world title fight (86Ibs) for 73 years until the reign of Nikolai Valuev, who owns the current record for the 105½Ibs weight advantage he held in his 2006 defense against Monte Barrett. Valuev also broke Carnera's record of 270Ibs to", "Michael Dokes vs. Gerrie Coetzee Coetzee, even as his two previous world championship attempts, held in South Africa, were against Tate and Weaver, who were Blacks as well. One fact that was somewhat important for the fight to gain public interest was that, while not considered a \"White hope\", like Cooney had been before his fight with Holmes, Coetzee would be attempting to become the first White world Heavyweight champion since 1960, when Ingemar Johansson reigned after defeating Floyd Patterson. The fight came off on September 23, 1983, at Richfield Coliseum in Richfield Township, Ohio, about halfway between Dokes' hometown of Akron and the much", "Floyd Haskell Floyd Haskell Floyd Kirk Haskell (February 7, 1916August 25, 1998) was an American lawyer and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as a U.S. Senator from Colorado from 1973 to 1979. Floyd Haskell was born in Morristown, New Jersey, to Edward Kirk and Gladys (née Clarkson) Haskell. His father was an investment banker. He attended Harvard University, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1937. During college, he played on the football, rugby, and soccer teams and was president of the Rocky Mountain Club. He received a law degree from Harvard Law School in 1941.", "Ingemar Johansson Marathon) all over the world until the mid-1980s. In 1985 he completed the Stockholm Marathon. During the 1990s, Johansson and Patterson would attend boxing conventions and also sign their autographs on boxing memorabilia. They continued to be friends until the onset of Alzheimer's disease incapacitated them both. It is thought the illness was of the type linked to boxing, although his career was fairly short compared to some champions. In the 1990s Johansson's business interests in Sweden included sports apparel and a light lager beer called \"Hammer\", named for his punching prowess. In 2000, the Swedish Sports Academy selected Johansson", "Jehu Patterson Jehu Patterson Jehu Patterson (1765–1851) was an American Democratic Party politician, who represented Monmouth County in the New Jersey Legislative Council, the precursor to the New Jersey State Senate. Jehu Patterson was born on December 14, 1765 in Middletown Township, New Jersey and would reside there all his life. He was a member of the Middletown Baptist Church. A farmer, he served as a member of the Middletown Township Committee, and served many years as a judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Monmouth County. In 1831, Patterson was elected to a one-year term as a member of the", "Jehu Patterson Legislative Council; he was elected again in 1834. He served as Vice-President of Council in 1834. Jehu Patterson died on July 22, 1851. A son, James, would serve on the Monmouth County Board of Chosen Freeholders as well as the Legislative Council. Jehu Patterson Jehu Patterson (1765–1851) was an American Democratic Party politician, who represented Monmouth County in the New Jersey Legislative Council, the precursor to the New Jersey State Senate. Jehu Patterson was born on December 14, 1765 in Middletown Township, New Jersey and would reside there all his life. He was a member of the Middletown Baptist Church.", "Effects of Hurricane Floyd in New Jersey Effects of Hurricane Floyd in New Jersey The effects of Hurricane Floyd in New Jersey in 1999 were the costliest natural disaster in state history, until it was surpassed by Hurricane Irene in 2011. Hurricane Floyd struck North Carolina on September 16 and moved up the East Coast of the United States, crossing over much of the Jersey Shore as a tropical storm. Damage in the state totaled $250 million (1999 USD), much of it in Somerset and Bergen counties. Seven people died in New Jersey during Floyd's passage – six due to drowning, and one in a traffic accident.", "Floyd Robertson Floyd Robertson Floyd Robertson is a fictional news anchor and reporter, portrayed by Joe Flaherty on the Canadian sketch comedy series \"SCTV\" in the 1970s and 1980s. He was a co-anchor, with Earl Camembert (another fictional newscaster, played by Eugene Levy), of the \"SCTV News\". In addition, he doubled as the long-running horror host Count Floyd on \"Monster Chiller Horror Theatre\". Floyd Robertson's name was originally derived from that of CBC news anchor Lloyd Robertson. Shortly after Floyd Robertson debuted, Lloyd Robertson changed networks, and became the longtime \"CTV National News\" anchor. Other than the name and occupation, the character", "Joey Maxim veteran Archie Moore. Following this loss Maxim, formerly one of the division's most active fighters, fought only 14 fights in the remaining 6 years of his career. These fights included two rematches with \"The Old Mongoose\" Archie Moore, both of which Maxim lost. Maxim retired in 1958 after losing six consecutive fights. Maxim retired with a record of 82 wins (21 by KO), 29 losses, and 4 draws; in his 115 fight career, he was knocked out only once. During his career he defeated such legendary figures as Jersey Joe Walcott, Jimmy Bivins, and Floyd Patterson. After his retirement Maxim", "Austin H. Patterson Austin H. Patterson Austin H. Patterson was an American Democratic Party politician from New Jersey, who served on the Howell Township Committee, the Monmouth County, New Jersey Board of Chosen Freeholders and the New Jersey State Assembly. Patterson was born in Monmouth County and was a builder in Blue Ball, now Adelphia, Howell Township. Among his projects was the Monmouth County Court House. Elected as a Democrat to the State Assembly in 1857, Patterson served through 1860; that year he was elected Speaker of the Assembly. Patterson fought in the American Civil War and was captain of Company A of", "Floyd Vivino Floyd Vivino Floyd Vivino (born October 19, 1951), also known as Uncle Floyd, is an American television, film, and stage performer primarily known for his comedy/variety TV show \"The Uncle Floyd Show\" (1974–1998). Vivino was born in Paterson, New Jersey to Jerry Vivino Sr., a jazz trumpeter, and Emily Vivino. He grew up in Paterson, Point Pleasant, New Jersey, Island Heights, New Jersey, and Glen Rock, New Jersey. He attended Glen Rock High School where he produced a musical revue starring the school's janitorial staff. Floyd began his live performance career working as a child tap dancer in Atlantic City,", "Austin H. Patterson annual reorganization, he was chosen as Director of the Monmouth County, New Jersey Board of Chosen Freeholders and served as director through May 1875. Austin H. Patterson died of cancer on June 5, 1905. Austin H. Patterson Austin H. Patterson was an American Democratic Party politician from New Jersey, who served on the Howell Township Committee, the Monmouth County, New Jersey Board of Chosen Freeholders and the New Jersey State Assembly. Patterson was born in Monmouth County and was a builder in Blue Ball, now Adelphia, Howell Township. Among his projects was the Monmouth County Court House. Elected as a", "Pat Patterson (wrestler) with the heel Patterson, culminating in the 1970s Texas Death match, in which Stevens won the title from Patterson. In 1970 and 1971, Patterson wore a mask during his matches, and would cheat by placing a foreign object under the mask to add power to his head butts. In 1972, Patterson turned face again, after feuding with Lars Anderson, who was managed by Dr. Ken Ramey. Later that year, he teamed with Rocky Johnson and won the tag team championship. In 1975 and 1981, Patterson won the Cow Palace Battle Royal in San Francisco. In 1977, Patterson wrestled for Eddie", "David Patterson (guitarist) David Patterson (guitarist) David Patterson (born November 20, 1966) is an American guitarist. He was the founding member of the New World Guitar Trio and is recognized as a solo performer and arranger. David Patterson was born in Red Bank, New Jersey. His father, John Patterson, was an amateur pianist and organist. His mother emigrated from Cuba in the late 1950s and became a school teacher in Rumson, New Jersey where she met John Patterson. David Patterson attended several schools in his youth including boarding school, which he later left to more seriously pursue musical studies. As a youth, Patterson", "Effects of Hurricane Floyd in New Jersey Across New Jersey, the average rainfall total was , with the highest totals in North Jersey. The peak statewide precipitation during Floyd in Little Falls, which was the highest rainfall total associated with a tropical cyclone in the state since 1950. More than of rainfall occurred in Hunterdon, western Somerset, Morris, Essex, Passaic, and Union counties, with the heaviest totals near the Watchung Mountains. This was equivalent to three months' of rainfall. Water capacity in North Jersey reservoirs were 11% below average ahead of the storm, but within a week of Floyd rose to 11% above average. The storm's heavy", "Floyd Rose of patents on floating bridge design: Floyd Rose The Floyd Rose Locking Tremolo, or simply Floyd Rose, is a type of locking vibrato arm for a guitar. Floyd D. Rose invented the locking vibrato in 1977, the first of its kind, and it is now manufactured by a company of the same name. The Floyd Rose gained popularity in the 1980s through guitarists like Eddie Van Halen, Neal Schon, Brad Gillis, Joe Satriani, Steve Vai, and Alex Lifeson, who used its ability to stay in tune even with extreme changes in pitch. Its tuning stability comes through the double-locking design", "Floyd Rose Floyd Rose The Floyd Rose Locking Tremolo, or simply Floyd Rose, is a type of locking vibrato arm for a guitar. Floyd D. Rose invented the locking vibrato in 1977, the first of its kind, and it is now manufactured by a company of the same name. The Floyd Rose gained popularity in the 1980s through guitarists like Eddie Van Halen, Neal Schon, Brad Gillis, Joe Satriani, Steve Vai, and Alex Lifeson, who used its ability to stay in tune even with extreme changes in pitch. Its tuning stability comes through the double-locking design that has been widely regarded as", "Effects of Hurricane Floyd in New Jersey normal, the second-driest for that time period since 1900. In August 1999, then-governor Christine Todd Whitman declared a drought emergency amid the state's fourth-worst drought in a century. Although the state received normal rainfall in the month leading up to Floyd, New Jersey was still in a drought emergency when the storm arrived. On September 15, 1999, a day before Floyd moved through the state, an approaching cold front dropped over 1 in (25 mm) of rainfall, fueled by moisture from the storm. As Floyd moved through state, it dropped heavy rainfall over a 12 hour period in North Jersey.", "Boxing in the 1950s and Floyd Patterson emerged as the youngest heavyweight champion in history (coincidentally, he beat Moore for the title left vacant by Marciano). Patterson remained the youngest heavyweight champion in history until November 22, 1986, when a 20-year-old Mike Tyson defeated the 31-year-old WBC Heavyweight Champion Trevor Berbick by TKO in round 2. The dark side of boxing once again emerged: Jake LaMotta alleged at a hearing that he had thrown a fight with Billy Fox in exchange for a try at the world Middleweight title, and Jim Norris, an important promoter of the time, was associated with Blinky Palermo and", "Anthony Salerno preferred a low-key existence and led an unpretentious life. He was never spotted at glitzy mob parties, nightclubs or other popular Mafia bistros. He even sent out Christmas cards with a picture of himself in pajamas on the front cover. In 1959, Salerno was a secret financial backer of a heavyweight professional boxing title fight at New York's Yankee Stadium between Swedish boxer Ingemar Johansson and American boxer Floyd Patterson. No charges were filed against Salerno. Salerno divided his time between a home in Miami Beach, Florida, a estate and horse farm in upstate Rhinebeck, New York, the Palma Boys", "Rocky Marciano rough and swarm on the inside to get him through fights just as much as his power. He sometimes went entire fights being pummeled by opponents such as Jersey Joe Walcott, Ezzard Charles, and Archie Moore, but came on strong as his opponent faded. He was also noted for hitting his opposition on their arms while they were blocking. Although this did not score points, over the rounds, it made their arms numb and essentially useless. Rocky faced criticism over his career for poor foot movement and for taking too many shots: he used weaving, but was often caught coming", "Floyd Vivino Of New Jersey\"). During this time, the show went through various incarnations with Floyd sometimes hosting a music-only show, showcasing local bands. Floyd also hosted a show called \"Uncle Floyd's New Jersey\", in which he would visit various towns and businesses in the state. First-run production of \"The Uncle Floyd Show\" ended in 1992, with CTN showing repeats until that channel's demise in 1999. From 1992 to 1996, cast member Mugsy produced and appeared in a spin-off show titled \"The Eleventh Hour\" which ran overnights on CTN. In 1998, production of \"The Uncle Floyd Show\" began in the Cablevision studio", "Floyd Vivino New Jersey, and began his broadcast career over a friend's pirate radio station while in high school. Floyd Vivino is the older brother of Jerry Vivino and Jimmy Vivino, who are full-time members of the Basic Cable Band, formerly known as the Max Weinberg 7, and are sought-after studio musicians. Floyd is also the uncle of musical theater actress Donna Vivino. \"The Uncle Floyd Show\" aired in the New Jersey and New York market from 1974 to 1998. It can be read as a children's show or a parody of a children's show. Much of the humor has a twist", "Barbados Joe Walcott Barbados Joe Walcott Joe Walcott, (March 13, 1873 – October 1, 1935) also known as Barbados Joe Walcott to distinguish him from the more contemporary American boxer known by the same name, was a Barbadian born boxer who fought from 1890 to 1911, and was the World Welterweight Champion from 1901-6. His manager was Tom O'Rourke. Walcott, who stood 5'1½\" tall, was a formidable fighter with exceptional power to his punch. In evidence, his wins were an impressive 60% by knockout. 'Barbados' Joe Walcott was the idol of the more contemporary boxer 'Jersey' Joe Walcott, who took his idol's real", "Randi Patterson Randi Patterson Randi Patterson (born April 16, 1985) is a Trinidadian footballer. Patterson spent four seasons at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro, where he was a two-time Southern Conference Player of the Year and National Soccer Coaches Association of America All-American selection. He finished his college career with 61 goals and 19 assists. Patterson grew up in Teaneck, New Jersey, raised by his mother after his father was killed in a car accident when he was two years old, and attended Bergen Catholic High School in Oradell, New Jersey, whom he led to the 1999 state championship. During", "Anne M. Patterson Anne M. Patterson Anne M. Patterson (born April 15, 1959) is an Associate Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court. She was sworn in on September 1, 2011, replacing former Justice Roberto Rivera-Soto. Patterson was born in Trenton, New Jersey on April 15, 1959, and raised in Hopewell Township and Princeton. In 1980, she graduated \"magna cum laude\" from Dartmouth College, where she was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. She is a 1983 graduate of Cornell Law School, where she won the Cuccia Cup moot court competition. She was admitted to the New Jersey Bar in 1983. In 1983, Patterson", "Francis F. Patterson Jr. 3, 1927, but was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1926. After leaving Congress, he engaged in banking, serving as president of the West Jersey Parkside Trust Co., of Camden, New Jersey, until his death at his home in Merchantville, New Jersey, on November 30, 1935. He was interred in Colestown Cemetery, in what is now Cherry Hill Township, New Jersey. His great-grandson is actor Scott Patterson. Francis F. Patterson Jr. Francis Ford Patterson Jr. (July 30, 1867 – November 30, 1935) was an American Republican Party politician who represented New Jersey's 1st congressional district in the United States House", "Effects of Hurricane Floyd in New Jersey New Jersey National Guard delivered nearly 500,000 bottles of water to residents along the Raritan River without clean drinking water. During storm cleanup, a building inspector became ill from Legionnaire's Disease. Volunteer organizations provided assistance to state residents. The American Red Cross served over 143,000 meals to more than 2,400 families. The New Jersey State Bar Association provided pro bono disaster legal service to state residents. Effects of Hurricane Floyd in New Jersey The effects of Hurricane Floyd in New Jersey in 1999 were the costliest natural disaster in state history, until it was surpassed by Hurricane Irene in 2011.", "Francis F. Patterson Jr. Francis F. Patterson Jr. Francis Ford Patterson Jr. (July 30, 1867 – November 30, 1935) was an American Republican Party politician who represented New Jersey's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1920 to 1927. Born in Newark, New Jersey, Patterson moved with his parents to Woodbury, New Jersey, in 1874. where he attended the public schools. He was employed in a newspaper office at the age of 13, and moved to Camden, New Jersey, in 1882. Patterson was connected with the \"Camden Courier\" from 1883–1890, was editor of \"The Philadelphia Record\" 1890–1894, and was owner", "Gerry Cooney if a boxer was good. However, if Cooney won, he would have become the first Caucasian world heavyweight champion since Swede Ingemar Johansson defeated Floyd Patterson 23 years earlier. Don King called Cooney \"The Great White Hope.\" The bout drew attention worldwide, and Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney was one of the biggest closed-circuit/pay-per-view productions in history, broadcast to over 150 countries. Cooney fought bravely after he was knocked down briefly in the second round. He was fined three points for repeated low blows. After 12 rounds, the more skillful and experienced Holmes finally wore him down. In round 13,", "Patterson (radio series) which suggests Patterson is an homage. It also seems likely that Bradbury drew from his own experiences as a university lecturer in English. \"Patterson\" has the unique accolade of being the only sitcom ever broadcast on BBC Radio 3. This had been not the original intention. It was commissioned by the BBC's Head of Light Entertainment Radio, David Hatch, for Radio 4 but subsequently, a decision was taken at senior level not to broadcast the series as it was deemed unsuitable for that station. The reasoning behind that is unclear. The series might never have been transmitted at all but" ]

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[ "Bell's theorem Bell's theorem is a \"no-go theorem\" that draws an important distinction between quantum mechanics (QM) and the world as described by classical mechanics. This theorem is named after John Stewart Bell.", "John Stewart Bell John Stewart Bell FRS (28 June 1928 – 1 October 1990) was a Northern Irish physicist, and the originator of Bell's theorem, an important theorem in quantum physics regarding hidden variable theories." ]

[ "Robert Boyle (disambiguation) Robert Boyle (1627–1691) was an Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor", "Roger Joseph Boscovich Roger Joseph Boscovich (Croatian: \"Ruđer Josip Bošković\" , ] , Italian: \"Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich\" , Latin: \"Rodericus Iosephus Boscovicus\" ; 18 May 1711 – 13 February 1787) was a Ragusan physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, theologian, Jesuit priest, and a polymath from the city of Dubrovnik (modern-day Croatia), who studied and lived in Italy and France where he also published many of his works. He was nicknamed \"the Croatian Leibniz\" by Werner Heisenberg.", "Robert Russell Newton Robert Russell Newton, also R. R. Newton (July 7, 1918 – June 2, 1991) was an American physicist, astronomer, and historian of science.", "Denis Weaire Denis Lawrence Weaire FRS (born 17 October 1942) is an Irish physicist and an emeritus professor of Trinity College, Dublin.", "Sheila Tinney Sheila Christina Tinney (\"née\" Power, 15 January 1918 – 27 March 2010) was an Irish mathematical physicist. Her 1941 PhD from the University of Edinburgh, completed under the supervision of Max Born in just two years, is believed to make her the first Irish-born and -raised woman to receive a doctorate in the mathematical sciences.", "Seán Scanlan Sean Scanlan MRIA, IEEE Life Fellow (also J. O. Scanlan; 1937 – 2 May 2017) was an Irish circuit theorist and electronic engineering professor.", "Carl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss ( ; German: \"Gauß\" , ] ; Latin: \"Carolus Fridericus Gauss\" ) (30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician who contributed significantly to many fields, including number theory, algebra, statistics, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, geophysics, mechanics, electrostatics, magnetic fields, astronomy, matrix theory, and optics.", "David Bohm David Joseph Bohm FRS (December 20, 1917 – October 27, 1992) was an American scientist who has been described as one of the most significant theoretical physicists of the 20th century and who contributed unorthodox ideas to quantum theory, neuropsychology and the philosophy of mind.", "Ernest Walton Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton (6 October 1903 – 25 June 1995) was an Irish physicist and Nobel laureate for his work with John Cockcroft with \"atom-smashing\" experiments done at Cambridge University in the early 1930s, and so became the first person in history to artificially split the atom.", "Thomas Bayes Thomas Bayes ( ; c. 1701 7 April 1761) was an English statistician, philosopher and Presbyterian minister who is known for having formulated a specific case of the theorem that bears his name: Bayes' theorem. Bayes never published what would eventually become his most famous accomplishment; his notes were edited and published after his death by Richard Price.", "Edward Condon Edward Uhler Condon (March 2, 1902 – March 26, 1974) was a distinguished American nuclear physicist, a pioneer in quantum mechanics, and a participant in the development of radar and nuclear weapons during World War II as part of the Manhattan Project. The Franck–Condon principle and the Slater–Condon rules are co-named after him.", "Manne Siegbahn Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn {'1': \", '2': \", '3': 'ForMemRS', '4': \"} (3 December 1886 – 26 September 1978) was a Swedish physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1924 \"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy\".", "James Menter Sir James Woodham Menter, FRS (22 August 1921 – 18 July 2006) was a British physicist.", "Richard Cockburn Maclaurin Richard Cockburn Maclaurin ( ; June 5, 1870 – January 15, 1920) was a Scottish-born U.S. educator and mathematical physicist. He was made president of MIT in 1909, and held the position until his death in 1920.", "A. A. Luce Arthur Aston Luce MC (21 August 1882 – 28 June 1977) was professor of philosophy at Trinity College, Dublin and also Precentor of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin (1952–1973). Luce held many clerical appointments, including Vice-Provost of Trinity from 1946-1952. He was widely known as an authority on the philosopher George Berkeley. His fellowship of Trinity College from 1912 to 1977 is a record.", "John Robert Mills John Robert Mills () (12 November 1916 – 6 May 1998), was a British physicist and scientific expert who played an important role in the development of Radar and the defence of Britain in World War II. After the war he continued his career working for various British government research establishments on a variety of projects until his retirement in 1977.", "Alexander Anderson (physicist) Alexander Anderson (12 May 1858 – 7 September 1936) was an Irish physicist and President of Queen's College Galway, later University College Galway and now NUI Galway, from 1899 until 1934. In electrical engineering he is known for Anderson's bridge. He was the first physicist to suggest the existence of black holes.", "Joseph L. Walsh Joseph Leonard \"Joe\" Walsh (September 21, 1895 – December 6, 1973) was an American mathematician who worked mainly in the field of analysis. The Walsh function and the Walsh–Hadamard code are named after him. The Grace–Walsh–Szegő coincidence theorem is important in the study of the location of the zeros of multivariate polynomials.", "Robert Bell (writer) Robert Bell (16 January 180012 April 1867) was an Irish man of letters.", "Rudolf Haag Rudolf Haag (17 August 1922 – 5 January 2016) was a German physicist. He was best known for his contributions to the algebraic formulation of axiomatic quantum field theory (QFT), namely the Haag–Kastler axioms, and a central no-go theorem in QFT, Haag's theorem, which demonstrates the nonexistence of a unitary time-evolution operator in the interaction picture." ]

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[ "Eva Sámano Eva Sámano (May 5, 1910 - January 7, 1984) was a Mexican educator. She was the first wife of President Adolfo López Mateos and First Lady of Mexico from 1958 to 1964.", "Adolfo López Mateos Adolfo López Mateos (] ; 26 May 1909 – 22 September 1969) was a Mexican politician affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who served as President of Mexico from 1958 to 1964." ]

[ "Miss Universe 1958 Miss Universe 1958, the 7th Miss Universe pageant, was held on 26 July 1958 in Long Beach, California, United States. 36 contestants competed where finally, Miss Colombia, 19-year-old Luz Marina Zuluaga won the competition, and was crowned by Gladys Zender of Peru.", "History of Ecuador (1944–60) This is a summary of the history of Ecuador from 1944–1960.", "Peronism Peronism (Spanish: \"Peronismo\" ) or Justicialism (\"Justicialismo\") is an Argentinian political movement based on the political ideology and legacy of former President Juan Domingo Perón and his second wife, Eva Perón. The Justicialist Party (\"Partido Justicialista\") derives its name from the concept of social justice (Spanish: \"justicia social\" ).", "First Republic of Korea The First Republic of Korea (Korean: 제1공화국 , \"Jeil Gonghwaguk\", literally \"the first republic\") was South Korea's first independent government, ruling the country from 1948 to 1960. It succeeded USAMGIK, the United States military government, which ruled the area from 1945 to 1948. The Philippines recognized South Korea on 15 August 1948. The First Republic was established on August 15, 1948, with Syngman Rhee as the first president. Like subsequent governments, it claimed sovereignty over the entire Korean Peninsula, although it only had power over the area south of the 38th parallel. The investiture of the Rhee government followed the general election of May 10, 1948. The country's first constitution had been promulgated by the first National Assembly on July 17. It established a system with a strong president, who was elected indirectly by the National Assembly.", "Alliance for Progress The Alliance for Progress (Spanish: \"Alianza para el Progreso\" ) initiated by U.S. President John F. Kennedy in 1961 aimed to establish economic cooperation between the U.S. and Latin America. Governor Luis Muñoz Marín of Puerto Rico, was a close advisor on Latin American affairs to Kennedy, and one of his top administrators, Teodoro Moscoso, the architect of \"Operation Bootstrap\", was named the coordinator of the program by President Kennedy.", "Tessie Agana Tessie Agana (born 16 May 1942) is a Filipino former child actress of the 1950s. She was credited by some for saving Sampaguita Pictures with her work in the box office hit \"Roberta\" (1951). Her mother was actress Linda Estrella.", "Stella Márquez Stella Márquez Zawadski-Araneta (née Márquez Zawadski often styled as Madame Stella Marquez Araneta born 1937 in Tumaco, Nariño, Colombia) is a Colombian director and beauty queen who was crowned the first Miss International in 1960. Araneta is the \"Charge d' Affaires\" of the Honorary Consulate of Colombia to the Philippines in Manila, as well as the Chairwoman of the Binibining Pilipinas Charities Incorporated.", "Ana Pauker Ana Pauker (born Hannah Rabinsohn; December 13, 1893 – June 3, 1960) was a Romanian communist leader and served as the country's foreign minister in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Ana Pauker became the world's first female foreign minister when entering office in December 1947. She was also the unofficial leader of the Romanian Communist Party right after World War II.", "Hope Portocarrero Hope Portocarrero, also known as Madame Somoza (June 28, 1929 – 5 October 1991) was the First Lady of Nicaragua, the wife of dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle and mother of Anastasio Somoza Portocarrero. She was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1968.", "Federation of Cuban Women The Federation of Cuban Women (Spanish: \"Federación de Mujeres Cubanas\" ) (FMC) was established in 1960 under the revolutionary government with Vilma Espín as its president. Espin fought in the Sierra Maestras with Fidel Castro and Raul Castro and married Raul in 1959. She was the president of the FMC till her death in 2007. The FMC was deeply involved in the 1961 Cuban Literacy Campaign and in supplying workers after the mass exodus of trained labor following the Revolution. A few of the stated goals of the FMC are:", "List of elections in 1958 The following elections occurred in the year 1958.", "Victoria Quirino-Gonzalez Victoria \"Vicky\" Syquia Quirino-Gonzalez (née Quirino; May 18, 1931 – November 29, 2006) was the second daughter of Philippine President Elpidio Quirino. Since her father was a widower, she served as First Lady of the Philippines, becoming the youngest bearer of the title at the age of 16.", "Vera Tembo Vera Tembo (born July 25, 1953) is a Zambian politician and member of the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD). She served as the First Lady of Zambia from 1991 until her separation from her former husband, President Frederick Chiluba.", "Maria Kalaw Katigbak Maria Villanueva Kalaw Katigbak (February 14, 1912 – December 10, 1992) was a Filipina politician, journalist and beauty queen. She served as a Senator of the Philippines from 1961 to 1967 during the Fifth Congress.", "Inauguration of Diosdado Macapagal The Inauguration of Diosdado Macapagal as the ninth President of the Philippines occurred on December 30, 1961. The inauguration marked the beginning of the only four-year term of Diosdado Macapagal as President and of Emmanuel Pelaez as Vice President.", "Manuel Roxas Manuel Acuña Roxas (born Manuel Róxas Acuña; January 1, 1892 – April 15, 1948) was the fifth President of the Philippines who served from 1946 until his death in 1948. He briefly served as the third and last President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from May 28, 1946 to July 4, 1946, subsequently becoming the first President of the independent Third Philippine Republic after the United States ceded its sovereignty over the Philippines.", "Dewi Sukarno Dewi Sukarno (デヴィ・スカルノ , Devi Sukaruno ) , complete name Ratna Sari Dewi Sukarno (ラトナ・サリ・デヴィ・スカルノ , Ratona Sari Devi Sukaruno ) , born Naoko Nemoto (根本 七保子 , \"Nemoto Naoko\" , born February 6, 1940) , widely known in Japan as Dewi Fujin (デヴィ夫人, \"Lady Dewi\", \"Madame Dewi\") is a Japanese businesswoman, socialite, television personality, and philanthropist. She was one of the wives of the first President of Indonesia, Sukarno.", "Israel at the 1958 Asian Games Israel participated in the 1958 Asian Games held in Tokyo, Japan, from 24 May to 1 June 1958. Following the 1958 games, Israel was unable to participate again until the 1966 Asian Games because during the 1962 Asian Games the host country Indonesia, refused to permit the participation of Israel due to political reasons, stating it would cause issues with their relationship with the Arab states.", "Trinidad Legarda Trinidad Fernandez Legarda (28 March 1899 – 1998) was a Filipina suffragist, clubwoman, philanthropist, and editor. She was the first woman ambassador from the Philippines, when she was appointed in 1958.", "Cabinet of the First Republic of Guinea The Cabinet of the First Republic of Guinea was the governing body of Guinea from independence on 28 September 1958 until the death of President Ahmed Sékou Touré on 26 March 1984, followed by a bloodless coup by Colonel Lansana Conté on 5 April 1984. For much of that time, the country was run by a tight-knit inner group, many of them relatives of Sékou Touré, who became the primary beneficiaries of the regime." ]

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[ "The scene looked comically like something from a TV show or s comic." ]

[ "They were all dressed like my chemical romance.", "Bassenthwaite Lake is only 5 km long.", "the boy lays down.", "It's a pre-Nato model", "A man enjoying his drink.", "Ireland has been inhabited since ancient times, but Irish history begins with the Celts around 6th century b.c., when it was first invaded.", "The person is outside" ]

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[ "they are playing a game" ]

[ "they are having a sales meeting in an office building", "Some people are climbing a mountain", "A couple arguing.", "And why possibly? declared Boris.", "They focused on family instead of business.", "The equipment can be found all over for low prices.", "The women are outdoors." ]

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[ "Pohjola's Daughter The tone poem Pohjola's Daughter (Pohjolan tytär ), Op. 49, was composed by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius in 1906. Originally, Sibelius intended to title the work \"Väinämöinen \", after the character in the \"Kalevala \" (the Finnish national epic). The publisher Robert Lienau insisted on the German title \"Tochter des Nordens\" (\"Daughter of the North\"), which means the same as the work's Finnish title, \"Pohjolan tytär\", but is traditionally translated as \"Pohjola's Daughter\" in English, which Sibelius then countered with the new title \"L'aventure d'un héros \". He also considered the title \"Luonnotar \". However, Lienau's suggestion eventually became the work's published title. (The title \"Luonnotar \" was given to a later work.) This was Sibelius' first work that he wrote directly for a German music publisher. The first performance was in Saint Petersburg, Russia in December 1906, with the composer himself conducting the Orchestra of the Mariinsky Theatre.", "Mariinsky Theatre The Mariinsky Theatre (Russian: Мариинский театр , Mariinskiy Teatr, also spelled Maryinsky or Mariyinsky) is a historic theatre of opera and ballet in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Opened in 1860, it became the preeminent music theatre of late 19th century Russia, where many of the stage masterpieces of Tchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, and Rimsky-Korsakov received their premieres. Through most of the Soviet era, it was known as the Kirov Theatre. Today, the Mariinsky Theatre is home to the Mariinsky Ballet, Mariinsky Opera and Mariinsky Orchestra. Since Yuri Temirkanov's retirement in 1988, the conductor Valery Gergiev has served as the theatre's general director." ]

[ "Royal Theater (St. Petersburg, Florida) The Royal Theater was a quonset hut style theater for African-American in St. Petersburg, Florida. It is located at 1011 22nd Street South and operated from 1948 to 1966. Designed by architect Philip F. Kennard for the Gulf Coast Entertainment Company, it was one of two movie theaters serving African-Americans during the era of segregation, the other was the Harlem Theater at 1019 Third Avenue South (demolished). Of the twelve public theaters outside of the African-American community only the LaPlaza Theater was not segregated. The theater closed a few years after desegregation and the Civil Rights Act 1964. By 1975 it was used as a youth center. The quonset hut design was developed by George A. Fuller construction company of New York which used a British prototype from the First World War called a \"Nissen\" hut. and were produced in a plant near Quonset, Rhode Island.", "Little Theatre Gateshead The Little Theatre Gateshead is Gateshead's only theatre. It was built during World War II, thanks to the generosity of sisters Ruth, Sylvia and M. Hope Dodds. It is believed that the theatre is the only one built in Britain during the war. The building process was interrupted by hostilities after the site was acquired in 1939, being at one time requisitioned as a barrage balloon station, and at another having windows and doors damaged by a bomb falling in Saltwell Park, just across the road. The opening performance on October 13th 1943 was \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\".", "Opera Ebony Opera Ebony is an African-American opera company, which have performed Mozart in Harlem to African-American Heritage concerts in Iceland. Gershwin in Moscow to Duke Ellington in the Caribbean. Benjamin Matthews, Sister M. Elise Sisson, SBS (1897–1982), and Wayne Sanders founded Opera Ebony in 1973. It has served as a professional platform for thousands of American artists, administrators and technical staff helping them to refine their talent and perfect their operatic craft. In New York City, Opera Ebony has performed at Lincoln Center, Carnegie Hall, the Brooklyn Academy of Music, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the World Trade Center, the Beacon Theatre, Langston Hughes Theater (Schomburg Center for Research and Black Culture) and the Manhattan Center. Additionally, for ten years the company presented grand opera at Philadelphia's Academy of Music. Since 1988, Opera Ebony's repertoire has found Brazil, Russia, Estonia, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, Canada, Switzerland and Martinique. The company has also partnered with several major international orchestras, opera companies and music festivals including the Icelandic Symphony Orchestra, the Finnish National Opera, the Estonia Philharmonic and the Savolinna Music Festival.", "Auditorium Theatre Auditorium Theatre is a music and performance venue located inside the Auditorium Building at 50 Congress Parkway in Chicago, Illinois. Inspired by the Richardsonian Romanesque Style of architect Henry Hobson Richardson, the building was designed by Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan and completed in 1889. The Chicago Symphony Orchestra performed in the theatre until 1904 as well as the Chicago Grand Opera Company and its successors the Chicago Opera Association and Chicago Civic Opera until its relocation to the Civic Opera House in 1929. The theatre currently hosts performances by the Joffrey Ballet, in addition to a variety of concerts, musicals, performances and events.", "The Shakespeare Project In October 1983, the Riverside Shakespeare Company, then New York City's only year-round professional Shakespeare theatre company, inaugurated \"The Shakespeare Project\", based at the theatre company's home on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, The Shakespeare Center. \"The Shakespeare Project\" was the first major New York residency of actors from the Royal Shakespeare Company - with Edwin Richfield, Heather Canning, Christopher Ravenscroft, Jennie Stoller and John Kane (the later two from Peter Brook's \"A Midsummer Night's Dream\") - for a week of public workshops, panel discussions, seminars and performances at the company's Upper West Side theatre, The Shakespeare Center. The event was launched at a luncheon in the Shakespeare Room of the Algonquin Hotel attended by Joseph Papp, Helen Hayes, Frank Rich, Gloria Skurski, W. Stuart McDowell, and members of the Royal Shakespeare Company in mid October 1983. According to the \"New York Times\", over one thousand actors, students, teachers and stage directors, from the ages of 15 to 87, signed up for 22 sessions taught by some of the leading actors from London's Royal Shakespeare Company.", "Abbey Theatre The Abbey Theatre (Irish: \"Amharclann na Mainistreach\" ), also known as the National Theatre of Ireland (Irish: \"Amharclann Náisiúnta na hÉireann\" ), in Dublin, Republic of Ireland, first opened its doors to the public on 27 December 1904. Despite losing its original building to a fire in 1951, it has remained active to the present day. The Abbey was the first state-subsidized theatre in the English-speaking world; from 1925 onwards it received an annual subsidy from the Irish Free State. Since July 1966, the Abbey has been located at 26 Lower Abbey Street, Dublin 1.", "Yanka Kupala National Academic Theatre National academic theatre of Yanka Kupala (Belarusian: Нацыянальны акадэмічны тэатр імя Янкі Купалы , Minsk) is the oldest theatre of Belarus. It was opened on September 14, 1920, it is located in a building of the Minsk provincial theatre, constructed under the project of architects Karol Kozlowski and Konstantin Uvedensky in 1890 by means of donations of citizens. In 1944 has been renamed in honour of classic of the Belarusian literature, poet Yanka Kupala.", "Finnish National Opera The Finnish National Opera (Finnish: \"Suomen Kansallisooppera\" ; Swedish: \"Finlands Nationalopera\" ) is a Finnish opera company based in Helsinki. Its home base is the Opera House on Töölönlahti bay in Töölö, which opened in 1993, and is state-owned through Senate Properties. The Opera House features two auditoriums, the main auditorium with 1,350, seats and a smaller studio auditorium with 300-500 seats.", "Manila Metropolitan Theater The Manila Metropolitan Theater (Filipino: \"Tanghalang Pangkalakhan ng Maynila\" , or MET) is a Philippine Art Deco building found near the Mehan Garden located on Padre Burgos Avenue corner Arroceros Street, near the Manila Central Post Office. It was designed by architect Juan M. Arellano and inaugurated on December 10, 1931.", "Teatro Nacional de El Salvador Teatro Nacional de El Salvador, or National Theatre of El Salvador, is the oldest theatre in Central America. It began construction on November 3, 1911, by the French architect Daniel Beylard; and inaugurated March 1, 1917. It is of French Renaissance style with modern touches. It was decorated by the Italian architect Lucio Cappellaro, and its Great Hall is one of the most beautiful and elegant in Central America.", "Devonshire Park Theatre The Devonshire Park Theatre is a Victorian theatre located in the town of Eastbourne, in the coastal region of East Sussex. The theatre was designed by Henry Currey and was built in 1884. In 1903 it was further improved by the theatre architect Frank Matcham. The building was designated as a Grade II listed building on 3 July 1981. The theatre has a seating capacity of 936.", "Tivoli Theatre (Chattanooga, Tennessee) The Tivoli Theatre, also known as the \"Tivoli\" and the \"Jewel of the South\", is a historic theatre in Chattanooga, Tennessee, that opened on March 19, 1921. Built between 1919 and 1921 at a cost of $750,000, designed by famed Chicago-based architectural firm Rapp and Rapp and well-known Chattanooga architect Reuben H. Hunt, and constructed by the John Parks Company (general contractors), the theatre was one of the first air-conditioned public buildings in the United States. The theatre was named \"Tivoli\" after Tivoli, Italy, has cream tiles and beige terra-cotta bricks, has a large red, black, and white marquee with 1,000 chaser lights, and has a large black neon sign that displays \"TIVOLI\" with still more chaser lights.", "Garcia Barbon Theatre Garcia Barbon theatre was built in the late nineteenth century in the centre of Vigo, a city in Northwestern Pontevedre, Galicia Spain. Sponsors included an enthusiastic group of locals who wanted to promote theatrical culture in the city. Alter years with a lot of economic problems, the theatre was opened on July 15 of 1900 as \"Rosalía de Castro Theatre\" and its first performance the opera Aida.", "Music Hall Center for the Performing Arts The Music Hall Center for Performing Arts is a 1,731-seat theatre located in the city's theatre district at 350 Madison Street in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. It was built in 1928 as the Wilson Theatre, designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1976, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.", "National Theatre (Budapest) The National Theatre is the main theatre of Budapest, opening originally in 1837. Its company used several locations since then, including the original building at the Kerepesi Street, the \"People's Theatre\" at the Blaha Lujza Square and their longest temporary home was at Hevesi Sándor Square. Their permanent, current home, the new National Theatre opened on 15 March 2002.", "Loew's State Theatre (New York City) Loew's State Theatre was a theatre in New York City, located at 1540 Broadway. Designed by Thomas Lamb in the Adams style, it opened on August 9, 1921, and featured both vaudeville and films. The theatre held a number of very notable world premieres including \"The Three Musketeers\" (1948), \"Some Like It Hot\" (1959), \"Ben-Hur\" (1959), \"Becket\" (1964), and \"The Godfather\" (1972). It closed on February 19, 1987, and it is now the site of the Bertelsmann Building.", "Southern Railway Headquarters, Chennai Southern Railway headquarters administrative building, Chennai, is an Indo-Saracenic structure located adjacent to the on Poonamallee High Road. Built in 1921 as the new Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway Company (MSMR) headquarters (successor of Madras Railway Company), replacing the general office of MSMR at Royapuram Railway Station, the building now functions as the headquarters of the Southern Railways. The building was built at a cost of 2 million by T. Samynada Pillai, a leading Bangalore-based contractor, who was given the contract upon the successful completion of the Egmore Railway Station. Built for the first time in India in reinforced concrete in classical and Dravidian styles, the building was designed by N. Grayson, a 'company architect', working for the Madras & Southern Mahratta Railway. It took nine years and over 3 million to complete the building and was inaugurated on 11 December 1922.", "Théâtre de l'Athénée (rue Scribe) Théâtre de l'Athénée or Salle de l'Athénée was the name of a theatre in the basement of a building built in 1865 by the banker Bischoffsheim at 17 rue Scribe in the 9th arrondissement of Paris (near the new, but at the time unfinished opera house, now known as the Palais Garnier). The Athénée was initially small, with a capacity of 760 spectators, but was enlarged to 900 places by the addition of a top gallery in 1867. The interior was decorated by Charles Cambon. The venue was used by a variety of companies, including the Théâtre des Fantaisies-Parisiennes (1869), the Théâtre Lyrique (1871–1872), the Théâtre Scribe (1874–1875), and the Athénée-Comique (1876–1883). It closed permanently in 1883.", "Walpurgis Hall The Walpurgis Hall (German: \"Walpurgishalle\" ) is a hall on the Witches' Dance Floor near Thale in the Harz mountains, Germany, built in the Old Germanic style by Hermann Hendrich and Bernhard Sehring. The hall was opened in 1901 and is a museum today. Whilst Sehring designed the architecture of the building to Hendrich's guidelines, Hendrich himself was responsible for the five large paintings in the interior of the hall. These portray scenes of the Walpurgis Night from Goethe's Faust known as the: \"Will-o'-the-Wisp Dance\", \"Mammon's Cave\", \"Witches' Dance\", \"Bride of the Wind\" und \"Gretchen's Appearance\" (\"Gretchen's Tragedy\").", "Raj Mandir Cinema, Jaipur It opened on 1 June 1976 with the film \"\"Charas\"\". It was designed by architect W.M. Namjoshi in Art Moderne style (Streamline Moderne or late Art Deco). Known for its large size as well as opulent and meringue interiors, Raj Mandir remains an important part of the tourist circuit, and thus usually remains full despite its size." ]

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[ "Pieni merenneito (patsas)\nPieni merenneito on Kööpenhaminan satamassa sijaitseva kuvanveistäjä pientä merenneitoa esittävä Edvard Eriksenin pronssiveistos. Se on sijoitettu rantakiville keskeisen Churchill-puiston merenpuoleiseen reunaan. Patsas paljastettiin elokuussa 1913." ]

[ "Lapinporokoira\nLapinporokoiralle pystytettiin patsas syyskuussa 2003. Patsas sijaitsee Inarissa Saamelaismuseo Siidan pihassa, ja sen on tehnyt Pekka Ketonen.", "Pieni merenneito (patsas)\nPieni merenneito on joutunut useasti ilkivallan kohteeksi, ja sen pää on sahattu kahdesti irti.[1] Ensimmäinen vakava ilkityö sattui vuonna 1964, kun joku sahasi merenneidolta pään kaulasta poikki. Päätä ei löydetty, ja patsaalle jouduttiin valamaan uusi pää. Vuonna 1984 merenneidon oikea käsi oli sahattu poikki, mutta kaksi katuvaa nuorta palautti käden parin päivän kuluttua. Vuonna 1998 merenneidon pää oli jälleen sahattu irti, mutta myöhemmin tuntematon henkilö palautti pään läheiselle televisioasemalle, ja se saatiin takaisin paikoilleen. Toukokuussa 2017 merenneito oli puolestaan maalattu punaiseksi vastalauseena Färsaarten valaiden pyynnille.[2]", "Mao Zedongin patsas\nMao Zedongin patsas on patsas Mao Zedongin kunniaksi. Patsas sijaitsee Tianfun aukiolla Chengdun kaupungissa Sichuanin maakunnassa Kiinan kansantasavallassa. Patsas on 30 metriä korkea. Tyyliltään patsas edustaa sosialistista realismia.", "Pieni merenneito II: Atlantiksen salaisuus\nElokuva on \"Pieni merenneito\" -animaatioklassikon ensimmäinen jatko-osa. Sitä ei suunnattu teatterilevitykseen vaan se julkaistiin suoraan videolle. Alkuperäinen elokuva sai myös toisen, \"\" -nimisen jatko-osan vuonna 2008. Sen tapahtumat sijoittuvat kuitenkin ajalle ennen ensimmäisen elokuvan tapahtumia.", "Viljo Savikurki\n\"Sokerityttö\" -patsas Helsingin Mannerheimintien varrella on pystytetty silloisen Suomen Sokerin pääkonttorin edustalle. Savikurki voitti teoksellaan kilpailun, jonka Suomen Sokeri järjesti vuonna 1956 suomalaisen sokeriteollisuuden 200-vuotispäivän kunniaksi. Teos on luonnollisen kokoinen pronssipatsas nuoresta tytöstä ja koirasta.", "Pieni merenneito (vuoden 1989 elokuva)\nPieni merenneito () on Disneyn animaatioelokuva vuodelta 1989. Elokuva perustuu H. C. Andersenin samannimiseen satuun, joka kertoo nuoresta merenneidosta, joka rakastuu ihmisprinssiin ja saa noidan muuttamaan itsensä ihmiseksi.", "Ensio Seppänen\nVesisaaressa Norjan Ruijassa paljastettiin vuonna 1977 hänen veistämänsä maahanmuuttajien muistomerkki eli kveenipatsas, jota olivat paljastamassa Norjan ja Ruotsin kuninkaat sekä Suomen tasavallan presidentti. Kemissä on yhdeksän patsasta, kuten \"Hyppäävät lohet\". Ylitorniolla on viisi patsasta ja Kukkolankoskella Lauttamies-patsas. Sodankylässä on veistos \"Poro ja lappalainen\". Pellossa on kilpahiihtäjä ja olympiavoittaja \"Eero Mäntyrannan hiihtäjäpatsas, \"Kaarteetki täysillä\". \" Suurin osa muistomerkeistä sijaitsee Suomen, Ruotsin ja Norjan pohjoisosissa.", "Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim\nMannerheimin muistoksi on pystytetty ratsastajapatsaat Helsinkiin ja Lahteen. Helsingissä vuonna 1960 järjestettyä ratsastajapatsaan paljastustilaisuutta on pidetty Mannerheimiin kohdistuneen kunnioittamisen huipentumana.[130] Myös Mikkelissä, Seinäjoella, Turussa ja Tampereella on Mannerheimin patsas. Eräät patsaista ovat aiheuttaneet kaupungeissaan pitkällisiä patsaskiistoja. Sveitsin Montreux'ssa on hänen mukaansa nimetty puisto Parc Mannerheim sekä muistomerkki.[131]", "Eino Leino (patsas)\nEino Leino on Lauri Leppäsen veistämä Eino Leinon patsas Esplanadin puistossa Helsingissä. Se sijaitsee Teatteriesplanadin koillisnurkassa, lähellä Pohjoisesplanadin ja Mikonkadun risteystä.", "Suomi-neito\nSuomen vanhimmassa henkilömonumentissa, kuvanveistäjä Carl Eneas Sjöstrandin tekemässä Henrik Gabriel Porthanin patsaassa (1864) Turussa on kuvattu Suomi-neidoksi tulkittu hahmo. Monumentin oikean puolen sivulla olevien medaljonkien vasemmanpuoleisessa reliefissä on kuvattu tieteen henki Genius valaisemassa soihdullaan maahan polvistunutta Tiedettä. Hänen edessään olevaa Porthanin uurnan edessä surevaa hahmoa on sanottu Suomi-neidoksi.", "Äitini merenneito\nÄitini merenneito (, kor. 인어공주) on vuonna 2004 valmistunut eteläkorealainen elokuva. Elokuva kertoo nuoresta naisesta, joka riitelee äitinsä kanssa, mutta jokin kuljettaa hänet takaisin aikaan, jossa hän näkee vanhempansa ja jotain todella merkillistä heistä. Elokuvan pääosissa näyttelevät Jeon Do-yeon, Park Hae-il ja Ko Du-shim.", "Merenneito\nMerenneito on yleinen aihe niin kirjallisuudessa, elokuvaviihteessä kuin kuvataiteissakin. Merenneitoja on käytetty mainoksissa ja niille on tehty balettikin. Tarinoita merenneidoista löytyy kautta maailman.", "Ponyo rantakalliolla\nElokuva sijoittuu pieneen merenrantakaupunkiin ja kertoo ihmiseksi haluavan kalanpoikasen Ponyon ja kaupungissa asuvan viisivuotiaan Sōsuke-pojan tarinan. Elokuva muistuttaa tarinaltaan H. C. Andersenin satua Pienestä merenneidosta, mutta siinä on sanottu olevan paljon japanilaistyyppisiä aineksia.", "Marsalkka Mannerheimille myönnetyt kunnianosoitukset\nMannerheimille on pystytetty ratsastajapatsaat Helsinkiin ja Lahteen. Helsingin patsas rahoitettiin suuren kansalaiskeräyksen tuotolla ja sen veistäjästä järjestettiin kilpailu, jonka voitti professori Aimo Tukiainen. Hänen veistämänsä \"Marsalkka Mannerheimin ratsastajapatsas\" paljastettiin 4. kesäkuuta 1960 Mannerheimintien varrella, paikalla jossa valkoisen armeijansa kärjessä ratsastanut Mannerheim oli lausuttu tervetulleeksi Helsinkiin vuonna 1918. Lahtelainen kuvanveistäjä Veikko Leppänen oli saanut kilpailussa kunniamaininnan, ja Lahdessa perustettiin oma patsastoimikunta, joka keräsi varat veistoksen pystyttämiseksi kaupunkiin. Leppäsen veistämä Mannerheimin ratsastajapatsas paljastettiin joulukuussa 1959 Lahden asema-aukiolla. Lahden varuskunnassa Hennalan kasarmialueella on myös Mannerheimin rintakuvapatsas.", "Urho Kekkonen\nKekkoselle pystytetyistä patsaista ja muistomerkeistä huomattavin on kuvanveistäjä Pekka Jylhän suunnittelema Urho Kekkosen muistomerkki Helsingin Hakasalmen puistossa. Muistomerkki paljastettiin Kekkosen satavuotispäivänä 3. syyskuuta 2000. Kekkosen nuoruuden kotikaupungissa Kajaanissa on kuvanveistäjä Pekka Kauhasen käsialaa oleva Kekkosen muistomerkki Suuri aika, joka paljastettiin 1990. Toistaiseksi ainoan julkisen näköispatsaansa Kekkonen on saanut Raaheen. Kuvanveistäjä Matti Peltokankaan veistämä Presidentti Urho Kaleva Kekkosen patsas paljastettiin 2008 ja kunnioittaa Kekkosen roolia Rautaruukin Raahen-tehtaan perustamisessa.[20] Syksyllä 2009 Tallinnan kaupunki ilmoitti, että Tallinnan matkustajasataman A-terminaalin edessä oleva aukio tullaan nimeämään Helsinki-aukioksi ja sinne pystytetään Urho Kaleva Kekkosen patsas[100].", "Mannerheimin patsas (Seinäjoki)\nPatsas on pystytetty sen muistoksi, että Suomen sisällissodan aikana Mannerheim piti päämajaansa paikkakunnista pisimpään Seinäjoella.", "Minna Canthin patsaat ja muistomerkit\nCanthin syntymäkaupungin Tampereen patsas \"Minna Canthin muistomerkki\" on Hämeenpuistossa lähellä pääkirjastotaloa. Patsaan veisti Lauri Leppänen, ja se paljastettiin 1951.", "Viktor Jansson\nPienikokoisia suihkulähdeveistoksia Jansson teki runsaasti 1930-luvun puolivälistä alkaen. Hänen suihkulähteensä ovat eloisia, vauhdikkaita ja humoristisia, ja niiden aiheina ovat useimmiten kalat, pikkulapset ja merenneidot. 1930-luvulla hän teki useita versioita poika ja kala -aiheesta. Huomattavin näistä, vuorineuvos ja taidemesenaatti Gösta Serlachiuksen tilaama \"Kalapoika\", paljastettiin 1935 G. A. Serlachius Oy:n pääkonttorin edessä Mäntässä. Helsingin Kulosaaressa paljastettiin 1941 \"Raivaajain kaivo\", vuorineuvos Anders Kramerin tilaama, Kulosaaren huvilayhdyskunnan perustajille omistettu suihkulähde. Samana vuonna Bensowin liiketalo Helsingin Esplanadin varrella sai sisäpihansa koristukseksi suihkulähteen \"Merenneito\". Janssonin suihkulähdetuotanto huipentui taiteellisesti veistoksiin \"Kalapoika\" ja \"Aallottaria\", jotka pystytettiin 1942 Helsingin Esplanadin puistoon.", "Merisatama\nMerisatama () sijaitsee Helsingin eteläkärjessä Kaivopuiston ja Ullanlinnan kaupunginosissa. Merisatama on ensisijaisesti pursiseurojen ympäröimä pienvenesatama, mutta tietyt turistiveneet pysähtyvät myös satamassa. Siellä on myös lähisaariin sekä kauempana sijaitsevaan Pihlajasaareen liikennöivien vesibussien laituripaikat. Merisatama muodostaa yhden Suomen suurimmista pien­veneiden satama-alueita, jossa pursiseuroilla ja kaupungilla on yhteensä noin 1200 satamapaikkaa. Tämä vastaa kymmenes­osaa kaikista Helsingin kahdestatoistatuhannesta venepaikasta.[1]", "Merenneitoesiintyjä\nYhdysvalloissa merenneitoina ammatikseen esiintyviä on ollut 1940-luvulta alkaen. Helsingin Linnanmäen huvipuistossa oli 1950–1970-luvuilla vakituisena vetonaulana lavetilla istuneita ”merenneitoja”, joita yleisö sai pudottaa veteen heittämällä palloilla pudotusnappia. Naisia alentavana pidetty vedenneitohalli suljettiin vuonna 1980. Nykyään Suomessa tunnettu merenneitoesiintyjä on esimerkiksi Merenneito Riia eli Anni Perttula.", "Paimentyttö (veistos)\nPaimentyttö on Seinäjoen keskustan Keskuspuistossa sijaitseva Jussi Koivusalon veistämä patsas ja vesiallas. Sen lahjoittivat kaupungille 1963 Seinäjoen Yksityisyrittäjät ja Yrittäjänaiset. Luonnollisen kokoinen, vettä kohti kumartava tyttöhahmo kuvastaa karjanhoitoa ja maaseutua, josta Seinäjoen elinkeinojen juuret ovat lähtöisin.", "Henrik Gabriel Porthanin patsas\nHenrik Gabriel Porthanin patsas on Carl Eneas Sjöstrandin suunnittelema, 9. syyskuuta 1864 paljastettu patsas. Se sijaitsee Turussa Porthaninpuistossa. H. G. Porthania esittävä patsas on Suomen vanhin henkilömonumentti.", "Manneken Pis\nManneken Pis, Brysselin murteella Menneke Pis ja joskus myös Petit Julien, on Brysselin kaupungin vanhassa keskustassa sijaitseva pronssipatsas. Patsas on korkeudeltaan 60 senttimetriä, ja sen kerrotaan olevan brysseliläinen henkisen vapauden symboli. Kyseessä on alun perin vedennoutopisteeksi tarkoitettu kaivo, jossa pieni poika on pissalla. Alueella puhutulla hollannin kielellä ja Brysselin murteella nimi tarkoittaa \"pissaavaa poikaa\".", "Asemanpuisto\nPuistossa on kuvanveistäjä Matti Hauptin suunnittelema ja vuonna 1950 Turun kaupungille lahjoitettu Aino-patsas ja patsaan yhteydessä vesiallas. Patsas paljastettiin 1951.", "Mannerheimin patsas\nMannerheimin patsas voi tarkoittaa seuraavia C. G. E. Mannerheimin kunniaksi pystytettyjä patsaita.Lisäksi Vaasan kaupungintalossa on sisätiloissa vuonna 1990 paljastettu kopio Helsingin ratsastajapatsaasta, Sveitsin Montreux'ssä ei-esittävä Mannerheimin muistomerkki vuodelta 1955 ja Mannerheimin syntymäpaikan, Louhisaaren kartanon, pihalla Askaisissa muotokuvamedaljongilla varustettu Mannerheimin muistopaasi vuodelta 1982.", "Pieni merenneito (animaatiosarja)\nPieni merenneito (\"The Little Mermaid\") on Disneyn animaatiosarja, joka perustuu vuoden 1989 samannimiseen elokuvaan. Sarja kertoo merenneito Arielin, hänen ystäviensä ja muidenkin elokuvista tuttujen hahmojen seikkailuista. Sarja kertoo Arielin elämästä ennen elokuvan tapahtumia.", "Poika ja meri\nPoika ja meri on kuvanveistäjä Simo Heleniuksen tekemä pronssipatsas. Se sijaitsee As. Oy Auranrannan sisäpihalla Turussa osoitteessa Linnankatu 34. Patsas julkistettiin vuonna 2005. ", "Suomen neito (patsas)\nPirkkalaisveistoksista Wäinö Aaltonen ehti syventyä parhaiten Suomen neitoon. Veistos on ollut kahdesti esillä ulkomailla. Vuonna 1931 se oli Sveitsissä Kunsthaus Zürichin näyttelyssä Plastik, sekä Saksassa vuonna 1965 Essenin puutarhanäyttelyssä. Kipsiversio oli mukana myös New Yorkin maailmannäyttelyssä 1939. Neidolle oli lisätty ylös ojennettuun käteen pieni kantele, joka näkyy kuvassa joka on otettu kipsiveistosta matkaa varten viimeisteltäessä. Suomen neito julistettiin New Yorkissa näyttelyn kauneimmaksi veistokseksi.", "Luettelo Helsingin julkisista taideteoksista ja muistomerkeistä\nMannerheimin vuonna 1960 valmistunut ratsastajapatsas liittyi alun perin 1910-luvun lopulla suunniteltuihin pääkaupungin itsenäisyys- ja vapaudenpatsassuunnitelmiin. 1950-luvun alussa käynnistynyt Mannerheimin patsashanke poisti pidäkkeet suunnitelmilta pystyttää patsaat muillekin Suomen valtiomiehille. Läheisyyteen nousivat jalustoilleen K. J. Ståhlbergin (Wäinö Aaltonen, 1959), P. E. Svinhufvudin (Wäinö Aaltonen, 1961) ja Kyösti Kallion (Kalervo Kallio, 1962) patsaat ja ennen pitkää saivat muistomerkkinsä myös J. K. Paasikivi (Harry Kivijärvi), 1980, Risto Ryti (Veikko Myller, 1994), L. K. Relander (Matti Peltokangas, 1996) ja Urho Kekkonen (Pekka Jylhä, 2000).", "Paavo Nurmi (patsas)\nYksi Paavo Nurmi -pienoisveistos aiheutti hämmästystä, kun se löytyi Tukholman edustalla 333 vuotta merenpohjassa maanneen \"Wasa-laivan\" kannelta historiallisten esineiden ja rojun seasta laivan nosto-operaatiossa vuonna 1961. Selitys oli yksinkertainen: kyseessä oli teekkarijäynä, patsas oli viety hylkyyn vasta edellisenä yönä.", "Yrittäjyyden monumentti\nYrittäjyyden monumentti (Yrittäjäpatsas) on Seinäjoen Kapernaumin teollisuusalueen liikenneympyrässä sijaitseva patsas. Patsaan on suunnitellut helsinkiläinen taiteilija Mauno Honkanen, ja se pystytettiin juhlallisin menoin 2. lokakuuta 2005 Valtakunnallisen yrittäjäkuukauden avauksen yhteydessä. Patsaan lahjoitti Seinäjoen-Nurmon Yrittäjät ry Seinäjoen kaupungille kiitoksena yrittäjyyden huomioimisesta vuosien saatossa. Patsas on 3,5 metriä korkea ja valmistettu ruostumattomasta teräksestä. Patsaan luovutti Yrittäjien puheenjohtaja Kimmo Heinonen ja sen vastaanotti kaupunginjohtaja Jorma Rasinmäki. Juhlapuheen piti europarlamentaarikko Kyösti Virrankoski.", "Suomen neito (patsas)\nSuomen neito on yksi Wäinö Aaltosen tekemistä neljästä Hämeensillan Pirkkalaisveistoksesta Tampereella.\nPatsas asetettiin paikoilleen muiden Pirkkalaisveistosten ohessa 26. syyskuuta 1929.", "Pieni merenneito\nPieni merenneito () on tanskalaisen satukirjailija H. C. Andersenin kirjoittama satu. Pieni merenneito nojautuu löyhästi Undine-myyttiin. Pieni merenneito kirjoitettiin vuonna 1836 ja julkaistiin ensimmäisen kerran vuonna 1837.", "Itsenäisyyden leijona\nItsenäisyyden leijona (myös Itsenäisyyden patsas) on suomalaisen kuvanveistäjän Gunnar Finnen vuonna 1927 Viipurissa paljastettu graniittiveistos, joka nykyään sijaitsee ilman jalustaansa ja osittain rikkoutuneena Monrepos’n puistossa. Suomen itsenäistymisen kymmenvuotisjuhlien kunniaksi pystytetyn monumentin alkuperäinen paikka oli Tervaniemen puistossa Siikaniemen kaupunginosassa.", "Lauttamies-patsas\nLauttamies-patsas on kuvanveistäjä Ensio Seppäsen veistämä patsas Tornion Kukkolankoskella. Patsas paljastettiin vuonna 1961.", "Henrik Gabriel Porthanin patsas\nToinen Porthania kuvaava patsas on Viitasaarella Porthanin synnyinkodin paikalla. Siellä on myös vuonna 1884 pystytetty muistokivi.", "Minna Canthin puisto\nMaljapuro on puiston koillisnurkassa Asemakadun ja Maaherrankadun välillä oleva pieni kaupunkipuro. Puiston nurmialueella on Minna Canthin patsas.", "Aleksis Kivi\nTuusulan Hyrylässä, Jääkärin puistossa on Alpo ja Nina Sailon veistämä Aleksis Kiven patsas Metsän poika (1984).[42]", "Maarianhamina\nMaarianhaminan huomattavimpia julkisia rakennuksia ovat Pyhän Yrjön kirkko, kaupungintalo, itsehallintotalo, valtion virastotalo, Ahvenanmaan museo, merenkulkumuseo ja kaupunginkirjasto. Huomattavia muistomerkkejä ovat Emil Cedercreutzin veistämä, hukkuneille merimiehille omistettu \"Ruorimies\"-patsas (1933), Matti Hauptin \"Meren kansa\" -patsas (1971) sekä Viktor Janssonin veistämä Julius Sundblomin patsas (1948).", "Leninin patsas (Turku)\nV. I. Leninin muistomerkki on Aurakadun yläpäässä Turun Puolalanmäellä sijaitseva Mihail Anikušinin veistämä Vladimir Iljitš Leninin rintakuva. Patsas on Leningradin (nykyisen Pietarin) kaupungin lahja ystävyyskaupungilleen Turulle vuodelta 1977. Pronssiveistos valettiin Leningradin Monument Sculptura -valimossa vuonna 1977. Patsaan alustan on valmistanut Loimaan Kiviveistämö. Veistos paljastettiin Leningradin päivänä, 13. marraskuuta 1977. Patsas on pronssia ja jalusta punaista graniittia. Rintakuva on 0,8 metriä ja jalusta 1,7 metriä korkea, yhteensä korkeutta on 2,5 metriä. ", "Mannerheiminpuisto\nMannerheiminpuisto () on Turun keskustan ruutukaava-alueella, VII kaupunginosassa sijaitseva puisto. Koko korttelin suuruista puistoa rajaavat Koulukatu, Puutarhakatu, Puistokatu ja Rauhankatu. Puisto on nimetty C. G. E. Mannerheimin mukaan marsalkan 75-vuotispäivän kunniaksi 1942, ja siellä sijaitsee Mannerheimia esittävä patsas. Puiston vieressä sijaitsee Mikaelinkirkko. Mannerheiminpuisto kuuluu Mikaelinkirkon ja Portsan puutalokortteleiden muodostamaan Museoviraston inventoimiin valtakunnallisesti merkittäviin rakennettuihin kulttuuriympäristöihin.", "Wäinö Aaltonen\nPaljon suuria julkisia veistoksia tehnyt Aaltonen rakennutti Hirvensaloon lapsuudenkotinsa lähelle ateljeen, joka valmistui vuonna 1923. Siellä syntyi muun muassa \"Paavo Nurmen patsas\", \"Mustagraniittinen neito\" ja \"Lilja\" Aaltonen työsti siellä myös osan \"Pirkkalaisveistoksista\". Hirvensalon ateljee vaurioitui talvisodan pommituksissa ja se purettiin sodan jälkeen. Sen paikkaa (nykyistä Vanha Kakskerrantie 34 vastapäätä) osoittamaan valmistui Aaltosen syntymän 100-vuotisjuhlavuoden kunniaksi vuonna 1994 \"Muistijälki\"-ympäristötaideteos, jonka suunnitteli arkkitehti Juhani Pallasmaa. Ympäristötaideteoksen osana on valos Aaltosen \"Muusa\"-veistoksesta (1926–1928).", "Kari Juva\nJuvan julkisia veistoksia ja monumentteja on näkyvillä paikoilla monissa Suomen kaupungeissa. Tunnetuimpia ovat Helsingin kaupunginteatterin \"Thalia ja Pegasos\" ja Hämeentiellä Helsingin Kalliossa sijaitseva \"Tannerin portti\". Juvan töistä koostuva veistospuisto perustettiin Raaheen kesällä 2008. Raatihuoneenpuistoon rakennettuun veistospuistoon sijoitettiin 19 teosta.", "Mihail Anikušin\nTurussa Aurakadun yläpäässä on Anikušinin suunnittelema Leninin patsas, joka on paljastettu 13. marraskuuta 1977. Pronssinen rintakuva on Leningradin kaupungin lahja ystävyyskaupungilleen Turulle.. Kotkassa on Kuusisen saarella Anikušinin suunnittelema Ruotsinsalmen taisteluissa 1789–1790 kuolleiden merimiesten muistolle omistettu ja 25. heinäkuuta 1998 paljastettu muistomerkki.", "Luettelo Porin julkisista taideteoksista ja muistomerkeistä\nSekä Porin, että kuvanveistäjä Emil Cedercreutzin ensimmäinen julkinen veistos on vuonna 1920 paljastettu \"Äestäjä\". Sitä pidetään Cedercreutzin merkittävänä teoksena. Näkyvä on myös Reposaaren kirkon puistossa vuonna 1930 paljastettu Wäinö Aaltosen \"\". Sen jälkivalos paljastettiin myös Turussa vuonna 1967 nimellä \"Myrsky\". Porin maskotti on Kauko Räikeen vuonna 1961 paljastettu \"Rumpalipoika\". Pertti Mäkisen kolmihenkinen \"Toriparlamentti\" (1992) on kokoontunut Porin kauppatorille ja Per Kirkebyn tiilirakenteinen \"Porin portti\" (1993) on Eteläpuistossa. Ensimmäinen naisveistäjän tekemä teos Porissa on Kerttu Horilan Keramiikkareliefi Sampolassa vuodelta 1981.", "Luettelo Raahen julkisista taideteoksista ja muistomerkeistä\nRaahen patsaista keskeisin ja näkyvin on Pekkatorilla oleva \"Pehr Brahen patsas\" (1888). Kaupungissa ovat myös muun muassa Rodin-vaikutteinen Johannes Haapasalon \"Puolustaja\" vuodelta 1908, Ensio Seppäsen \"Lähtö\" (1973), Kari Juvan \"Tuulta purjeisiin\" (1982) ja Matti Peltokankaan Urho Kekkosen muistomerkki (2008).", "Matthias Alexander Castrén\nM. A. Castrénin muistopatsas (1921) on Helsingissä Matiaksenlehdossa Kansallismuseon vieressä, Eduskuntatalon puolella Ostrobotnia-talon tuntumassa.[13] Kulttuurijärjestö M. A. Castrénin seura on nimetty Castrénin mukaan. Seura pyrkii luomaan yhteyksiä ja edistämään vuorovaikutusta Suomen ja Venäjän uralilaisia kieliä puhuvien kansojen välillä, tekemään niiden kulttuuria tunnetuksi Suomessa sekä tukemaan kansojen kulttuuripyrkimyksiä ja kielen käyttöä.[14] Myös Helsingin Kalliossa sijaitseva Castréninkatu on saanut nimensä Matthias Alexander Castrénin mukaan.[15]", "Pietari Suuren patsas (Viipuri)\nPietari Suuren patsas on Viipurin Pietarin puistossa sijaitseva pronssinen Pietari Suuren veistos. Vuonna 1910 paljastetun veistoksen on tehnyt venäläinen kuvanveistäjä Léopold Bernstamm. Vuosina 1927–1940 sen tilalla oli Gunnar Finnen veistos \"Itsenäisyyden leijona\". Pietari Suuren patsas pystytettiin jälleen alkuperäiselle paikalleen vuonna 1954.", "Rådhuspladsen\nRådhuspladsen tai Raadhuspladsen on keskeisellä paikalla oleva aukio Kööpenhaminassa. Rådhuspladsenia reunustaa Kööpenhaminan raatihuone. Aukion pohjoisreunustalla saa alkunsa tunnettu kävelykatu Strøget. Aukiolle on myös sijoitettu suurehko Hans Christian Andersenin patsas.", "Aleksis Kivi\nHelsingin Rautatientorilla, Kansallisteatterin edessä on vuonna 1939 pystytetty Wäinö Aaltosen veistämä Aleksis Kiven patsas. Nurmijärven kirjaston edessä olevassa puistikossa on Aukusti Veuron vuonna 1934 veistämä patsas.[7]", "Merenneito\nMerenneidot ovat monien lastenanimaatioiden vakioaiheita. Tunnetuimpia lienevät Disneyn \"Pieni merenneito\" jatko-osineen sekä merenneitojen seikkailut Barbien kanssa. Merenneitoja esiintyy myös \"Peter Panissa\".", "Kaupunginojan puistovyöhyke\nKaupunginojaa ylävirtaan mentäessä tullaan Madetojan puistoon. Puisto sijaitsee vanhan kaupungintalon eli nykyisen Kulttuuritalo Valven vieressä. Puisto jää kahden vilkkaasti liikennöidyn kadun, Aleksanterinkadun ja Torikadun väliin. Puistoon pystytettiin Aarre Aaltosen tekemä säveltäjä Leevi Madetojan patsas vuonna 1962. Madetojan puistoksi alue nimettiin vuonna 1965, puiston aiempi nimi oli Rantapuisto.", "Luettelo Kotkan julkisista taideteoksista ja muistomerkeistä\nKotkan veistospromenadi sijaitsee kaupungin keskustassa Kotkansaarella ja sisältää pääosin suomalaisten nykykuvanveistäjien teoksia. Alun perin veistoskokonaisuus oli nimeltään Veistospuisto, jolloin lähes kaikki teokset olivat Keskuskadun vierellä kulkevassa lehmusbulevardissa. Teoskokonaisuus nimettiin veistospromenadiksi vuonna 2010, jolloin teoksia alettiin sijoittaa kaupungin muille kaduille ja puistoihin. Veistospromenadiin kuuluu nykyisin myös sisätiloissa Kauppakeskus Pasaatissa sijaitseva teos. Myös Kotkan Sapokan vesipuistossa on merkittävä veistoskokoelma. Puistossa on toistakymmentä Hannele Kylänpään vuosina 2007–2010 pystytettyä eläinaiheista veistosta.", "Hans Egeden patsas\nHans Egeden patsas on patsas Nuukin kaupungissa Grönlannissa. Patsas on rakennettu Hans Egeden kunniaksi, joka perusti Nuukin kaupungin vuonna 1728. Patsas sijaitsee lähellä Nuukin tuomiokirkkoa.", "Työläisäiti\nTaideteos on antanut nimen koko pikkuruiselle puistolle. Tässä \"Työläisäidin puistossa\" on muutama puu, istutuksia ja kallio, johon patsas on kiinnitetty. Helsingin kaupunki järjesti vuonna 2004 patsaalle pysyvän valaistuksen 60-vuotislahjana presidentti Tarja Haloselle.", "Äestäjä\nÄestäjä on Porissa Cygnaeuksenpuistossa sijaitseva kuvanveistäjä Emil Cedercreutzin veistos, joka paljastettiin vuonna 1920. Se on hänen ensimmäinen julkinen veistoksensa sekä myös Porin ensimmäinen julkinen patsas. \"Äestäjää\" pidetään Cedercreutzin merkittävimpänä veistoksena yhdessä Helsingin Varsapuistikossa sijaitsevan \"Äidinrakkauden\" (1928) sekä Maarianhaminan \"Ruorimiehen\" (1933) kanssa. ", "Chloë Grace Moretz\nVuonna 2015 Moretz valittiin esittämään Pientä merenneitoa \"Working Title Filmsin\" ja \"Universalin\" tulevaan \"Pieni merenneito\" -elokuvaan.", "Minna Canthin patsas (Kuopio)\nMinna Canthin patsas Kuopion keskustan Maljalahden kaupunginosan Minna Canthin puistossa on paljastettu vuonna 1937. Patsaan on suunnitellut suomalainen kuvanveistäjä Eemil Halonen.", "Pieni merenneito (patsas)\nPientä merenneitoa on siirretty vain kerran, kun se vuonna 2010 vieraili Shanghain maailmannäyttelyssä.[1] [3] Patsaan puolivuotisen poissaolon ajan sen tilalla oli videoinstallaatio.[4]", "Jarno Saarinen\n7. kesäkuuta 2014 avattiin hänen muistokseen Assisin kunnassa olevassa Petrignanossa Jarno Saarisen puisto. Puistohanketta oli edistämässä paikallinen moottoripyöräkerho Motoclub Jarno Saarinen. Elokuussa 2016 puistossa paljastettiin Saarisen pronssinen taiteilija Elia Alunni Tullinin veistämä näköispatsas, ja 2. heinäkuuta 2017 paljastettiin patsaan kaksoiskappale myös Turussa Aurajoen rannassa Barkerinpuistossa, joka on tunnettu motoristien kokoontumispaikka.", "Paavo Nurmi (patsas)\nVeistoksen kolmas kopio paljastettiin Nurmen kotikaupungissa Turussa 1955 Auransillan luona Itäisellä Rantakadulla, eli vain muutama vuosi olympialaisten jälkeen. Veistoksen Turun kaupungille lahjoitti Oy Wärtsilä Ab. Patsasta siirrettiin myöhemmin muutama metri satamaan päin alkuperäiseltä paikalta risteysjärjestelyjen ja aivan patsaan eteen pystytetyn liikennevalopylvään takia. Patsas on liikenteenjakajakorokkeella.", "Merenneito\nTanskalaisen satukirjailija H. C. Andersen kirjoitti vuonna 1836 sadun Pieni merenneito ().", "Edvard Eriksen\nEdvard Eriksen (10. maaliskuuta 1876 – 12. tammikuuta 1959) oli tanskalais-islantilainen kuvanveistäjä. Hänen veistoksistaan on tunnettu erityisesti \"Pieni merenneito\". Hän asui Frederiksbergissä.", "P. E. Svinhufvudin patsas\nP. E. Svinhufvudin patsas on Helsingissä Eduskuntatalon edustalla sijaitseva kuvanveistäjä Wäinö Aaltosen toteuttama Suomen presidentti P. E. Svinhufvudin näköispatsas. Patsas on vuodelta 1961. Aaltosen veistämät Svinhufvudin ja K. J. Ståhlbergin patsaat on sijoitettu Eduskuntatalon edessä Mannerheimintien varressa olevan pihanurmikon vastakkaisille laidoille, Svinhufvud etelä- ja Ståhlberg pohjoispäähän.", "Merenneito\nElokuvassa \"Pekka ja Pätkä sammakkomiehinä\" (1957) Pekka Puupää ja Pätkä kohtaavat saaristossa uintiharjoituksissa merenneidon, ja vievät tämän mukanaan Pekan kotiin Voikukankadulle.", "Parikkalan patsaspuisto\nParikkalan patsaspuisto on ITE-taiteilija Veijo Rönkkösen perustama veistospuisto Parikkalassa, Etelä-Karjalassa. Ensimmäinen Rönkkösen tekemä varsinainen veistos oli betonista vuonna 1961 valettu ”Irvikuvamainen mies”. Seuraavana vuonna eli 1962 syntyivät ”Kaislahametyttö”, ”Käärmeentappaja” ja ”Reikäenkeli”. Patsaita syntyi vuosien mittaan niin, että niistä muodostui kokonainen puisto, viimeisenä kesänäkin 15 patsasta. ", "Aleksis Kivi\nTampereella Vanhan kirjastotalon puistossa on Wäinö Aaltosen veistämä, vuonna 1928 paljastettu veistos Runoilija ja muusa. Turun yliopiston silloisen päärakennuksen, entisen Hotelli Phoenixin edustalla paljastettiin vuonna 1949 Wäinö Aaltosen Aleksis Kiven patsas, joka pystytettiin uudelleen vuonna 1962 teatteritalon edustalle.[40] Myös Mäntän Keskustorilla on Wäinö Aaltosen Aleksis Kiven muistopatsas (1930).[41]", "Pieni merenneito (patsas)\nEdvard Eriksen veisti patsaan Carlsbergin panimosukuun kuuluneen Carl Jacobsenin toimeksiannosta. Jacobsen oli ihastunut H. C. Andersenin satuun ”Pieni merenneito” perustuvaan balettiin. Vuonna 1909 pääosaa esittänyt ballerina Ellen Price ei suostunut patsaan malliksi, joten veistoksen mallina oli Eriksenin vaimo Eline Eriksen.[1]", "Edvard Eriksen\n\"Pienen merenneidon\" lisäksi hän on veistänyt Kristian X:n ja kuningatar Louisen marmorisen hautamuistomerkin Roskilden tuomiokirkkoon. Hän on koristanut myös Ny Carlsberg Glyptotekin julkisivut kymmenellä hiekkakivisellä reliefillä, jotka esittävät taiteita ja tieteitä.", "Vapaudenpatsas (Tampere)\nVapaudenpatsas on Tampereen Hämeenpuistossa sijaitseva Suomen sisällissodan Tampereen valtauksen muistomerkki. Vuonna 1921 pystytetyn veistoksen on tehnyt kuvanveistäjä Viktor Jansson, mutta sen luonnosteluun osallistui myös arkkitehti Wäinö Palmqvist. Patsas esittää alastonta mieshahmoa, joka pitelee miekkaa ylös kohotettuna olevassa kädessään. 4,2 metriä korkea pronssinen patsas on sijoitettu 6,5 metriä korkean graniittijalustan päälle. Patsasta ympäröivä osa Hämeenpuistoa on nimetty \"Vapauden aukioksi\". Pirkan- ja Hämeenkadun risteyksessä sijaitsevan aukion läheisyydessä ovat muun muassa Tampereen pääkirjasto ja Aleksanterin kirkko. ", "Merenneito\nMerenneito eli vedenneito (\"nereidi\") on naispuolinen taruolento, jolla on ihmisen yläruumis ja lantiosta alkava kalanpyrstö. Merenneito kuvataan tyypillisesti kauniiksi, siroksi, pitkähiuksiseksi naiseksi, joka elää vedessä ja hengittää sen alla yhtä hyvin kuin ilmassa. Merenneito muistuttaa kreikkalaisen mytologian seireenejä, naisen yläruumiin ja linnun alaruumiin omaavia lumoojattaria.", "Lenin-patsas (Seattle)\nSeattlen Lenin-patsas (engl. Statue of Lenin) on 5 metriä korkea pronssinen patsas, joka on pystytetty Leninin kunniaksi. Lenin-patsas sijaitsee Seattlen kaupungissa Washingtonin osavaltiossa Yhdysvalloissa. Veistoksen on veistänyt bulgarialainen kuvanveistäjä Emil Venkov. Patsas valmistui vuonna 1988 ja alun perin sijaitsi Popradin kaupungissa Tšekkoslovakiassa (nykyään Slovakia). Kommunismin kaaduttua patsas poistettiin Leninin aukiolta ja vietiin varastoon, josta se sitten vuonna 1993 myytiin yhdysvaltalaiselle Lewis E. Carpenterille 13 000 dollarilla. Patsas pilkottiin kolmeen osaan ja kuljetettiin Amerikkaan. Kokonaiskustannukset olivat noin 41 000 dollaria.", "Mannerheimin patsas (Mikkeli)\nKeväällä 1966 valtuusto päätti luovuttaa paikan patsaalle, jonka paikasta päätettiin sopia myöhemmin. Neuvotteluja käytiin Suomen marsalkan päämajakaupungin patsastoimikunnan edustajien ja valtuustoryhmien valitsemien edustajien välillä. Näissä neuvotteluissa ehdotettiin patsaan paikaksi Kirkkopuistoa. Kaupunginhallitus pyysi asiasta lausunnon sekä patsaan tekijältä, kuvanveistäjä Kalervo Kalliolta, että keskustan asemakaavan laatijalta, professori Olli Kiviseltä. Molemmat suosittelivat Hallitustoria, koska patsas oli mittasuhteiltaan suunniteltu nimenomaan sinne ja se oli jo valettu kipsiin. Kirkkopuistoa ei katsottu sopivaksi, koska siellä jo olevat muistomerkit ja keskellä puistoa oleva lintuveistos olisi jouduttu siirtämään. Neuvotteluissa ehdotettiin patsaan paikaksi myös Asemapuistoa, jota Kivinen ei pitänyt sopivana tulevien liikennejärjestelyjen takia.", "Porthaninpuisto\nEntisen Suurtorin eli Nikolaintorin ympäristöön istutettiin Turun palon jälkeen kolme puistikkoa: Porthaninpuisto, Brahenpuisto ja Tuomiokirkonpuisto, jotka olivat ainakin osittain valmiit vuonna 1835. 1850-luvun lopulla ryhdyttiin järjestämään Porthanin muistopatsaan pystyttämistä puistoon. Patsashanke herätti runsaasti huomiota, sillä kyseessä oli Suomen ensimmäinen ulos pystytetty julkinen patsas. Patsaan paljastustilaisuus pidettiin 10. lokakuuta 1864. Juhlapuheen tilaisuudessa piti Elias Lönnrot. Patsaan sijoituksen yhteydessä ravintola Pinella sai väistyä nykyiselle paikalleen.", "Appeal to the Great Spirit\nAppeal to the Great Spirit on Cyrus Dallinin tekemä pronssinen veistos. Patsas sijaitsee Bostonin Museum of Fine Artsin edessä Bostonin kaupungissa Yhdysvalloissa. Patsas on tehty Pariisissa, josta se tuotiin Yhdysvaltoihin vuonna 1909. Patsaasta on tehty pronssinen kopio ja se sijaitsee Dartmouth Collegen vieressä.", "Marsalkka Mannerheimin ratsastajapatsas\nMannerheim oli Suomen presidenteistä ensimmäinen, jolle alettiin suunnitella patsasta. Helsingin patsas on Mannerheimin patsaista kuitenkin järjestyksessä vasta neljäs. Lauri Leppäsen Mannerheimin patsas paljastettiin 4. kesäkuuta 1955 Seinäjoella, Evert Porilan jo 1939 veistämä Mannerheimin patsas 4. kesäkuuta 1956 Tampereella ja Veikko Leppäsen Mannerheimin ratsastajapatsas 19. joulukuuta 1959 Lahdessa. Kaikkein ensimmäinen Mannerheim-muistomerkki oli Sveitsin Montreux’ssa sijaitseva obeliskimainen muistopaasi, joka paljastettiin 14. toukokuuta 1955, pari viikkoa ennen Seinäjoen patsasta. Lisäksi presidenteistä K. J. Ståhlberg ehti saada patsaan Helsinkiin ennen Mannerheimia vuonna 1959. Ratsastajapatsaan valintaa veistostyypiksi perusteltiin paitsi sillä, että Mannerheim oli ratsumies, myös sillä, että maailmalla ratsastajapatsaita on pystytetty hallitsijoille ja suurille sotapäälliköille. Suomalaisessa kuvanveistossa niitä ei juuri ollut ennen Helsingin ja Lahden Mannerheim-patsaita.", "Statuomania\nEnsimmäinen suurmiespatsas Suomessa oli C.E. Sjöstrandin tekemä \"Porthanin patsas\" Turussa (1864) ja sitä seurasivat muun muassa \"Franzénin patsas\" Oulussa (1881), \"J. L. Runebergin patsas\" (1885) Helsingissä ja Pietari Brahen patsaat (1888) Turussa ja Raahessa.", "Pieni merenneito\nSadussa pieni merenneito rakastuu prinssiin, mutta tietää yrityksien olevan turhaa. Hänen ainoa toivonsa on myydä äänensä noidalle saadakseen jalat ja voidakseen nousta maalle. Alkuperäisversiossa merenneito uhrautuu lopulta prinssin puolesta, koska ei halua iskeä puukkoa tämän sydämeen ja muuttuu meren vaahdoksi.", "Urho Kekkosen patsas (Raahe)\nPresidentti Urho Kaleva Kekkosen patsas on Raahessa vuonna 2008 paljastettu patsas, joka esittää presidentti Urho Kekkosta. Sen on tehnyt kuvanveistäjä Matti Peltokangas. Pronssiin valetussa patsaassa vasen käsi taskussa ja oikea rinnalla oleva presidentti seisoo jalustalla, joka on Raahen Rautaruukin terästä. Teos sijaitsee Raahen Rantakadun varrella sijaitsevassa Rantapuistossa, Raatihuonetta vastapäätä.", "Punaisenlähteentori\nPunaisenlähteentori (, \"Punainen tori\") on Viipurissa sijaitseva aukio. Se oli aikoinaan kaupungin suurin ja vilkkain tori, mutta nykyään sillä järjestetään tilaisuuksia vain erilaisten juhlapäivien yhteydessä. Torin pohjoislaidalla on vuonna 1957 pystytetty Leninin patsas, jonka on tehnyt kuvanveistäjä Shota Mikotadze.", "Piiloleikki (taideteos)\nPienoisveistokset on sijoiteltu Martinsillan ja Turun linnan välille. Veistokset ovat hieman piilossa, kadun reunuksissa ja koloissa. Etsintää helpottamaan on laadittu kartta, missä mikäkin patsas sijaitsee. Pienin veistoksista on vain viisi senttimetriä korkea. Aiheet vaihtelevat balleriinasta supermieheen. ", "Mannerheimin patsas (Seinäjoki)\nMannerheimin patsas sijaitsee Seinäjoella Kirkkokadun ja Koulukadun kulmauksessa, Seinäjoen lyseon vieressä. Lauri Leppäsen veistämä patsas paljastettiin ensimmäisenä marsalkka Mannerheimin patsaana Suomessa 4. kesäkuuta 1955. Patsas pystytettiin ensin Seinäjoen Keskustorille ja siirrettiin nykyiselle paikalleen vuonna 1973. Mannerheimin puiston uudistuksessa 2014 veistos sai korkeamman jalustan ja pääsi hieman lähemmäs kadunreunaa (kuvassa patsas on vielä aiemmalla paikallaan).", "Aino (patsas)\nAino on Matti Hauptin suunnittelema, vuonna 1950 valmistunut patsas. Se sijaitsee Turun Asemanpuistossa. Patsas paljastettiin 6. syyskuuta 1951. Sen lahjoittivat kaupungille Leo ja Regina Wainsteinin säätiö ja Turun Verkatehdas Oy.", "Kotka (kaupunki)\nKotkan kaupunginteatterin historia alkaa Kotkan Työväenteatterin perustamisesta vuonna 1908. Merkittäviä museoita ovat Suomen merimuseo ja Kymenlaakson museo, jotka siirtyivät heinäkuussa 2008 Kotkan Kantasatamassa sijaitsevaan Merikeskus Vellamoon.Kotkansaarella sijaitsevat Merikeskus Vellamo Kantasatamassa ja sen laiturissa museojäänmurtaja Tarmo. Puistoista kuuluisin on Sapokan vesipuisto, joka on useasti palkittu viheralue. Sapokanlahden rannalla sijaitsee myös Maretarium, joka on vuonna 2002 valmistunut suomalaisten kalojen akvaariotalo. Puistoista uusin on Katariinan meripuisto. Kotkan veistospromenadi on kokoelma nykykuvanveistäjien teoksia, joista pääosa sijaitsee Keskuskadun lehmusbulevardilla, mutta kokoelma on laajentunut myös ympäröiviin puistoihin ja katuihin. Veistospromenadille on hankittu uusia teoksia lähes vuosittain.", "Nina Tapio\nTapio on toiminut ääninäyttelijänä useissa lasten elokuvissa, muun muassa \"Toy Story 2\" ja \"Toy Story 3\"-elokuvissa Jessien roolissa, sekä Arielin roolissa \"Pieni merenneito\"-elokuvissa.", "Kustaa II Aadolfin patsas\nTurun patsaassa kuninkaan asento ja yleisvaikutelma ovat samanlaiset kuin Göteborgin patsaassa. Patsaissa on kuitenkin useita eroja. Turun patsaasta puuttuvat kuninkaan vyöllä riippuva miekka ja kuninkaan oikeaan jalkaan nojaava vaakunakilpi. Turun patsaassa kuninkaan oikeassa kädessä on asiakirjakäärö, joka puuttuu Göteborgin patsaasta. Turun patsaasta puuttuu kuninkaan vasemman käsivarren peittävä viitan laskos, ja monet kuninkaan vaatetuksen koristeet on esitetty yksinkertaisemmin. Turun patsas on myös huomattavasti pienempi kuin Göteborgin patsas.", "Leevi Madetoja\nOulussa on kuvanveistäjä Aarre Aaltosen vuonna 1962 tekemä Leevi Madetojan patsas. Helsingissä toimiva Madetoja-säätiö on perustettu 1997. Suomen Säveltäjät ry on jakanut vuodesta 1988 lähtien Madetoja-palkintoja suomalaisen nykymusiikin esittäjinä ansioituneille muusikoille. Helsingin Pukinmäkeen nimettiin vuonna 1974 Madetojanpolku ja Madetojankuja. Oulussa toimivat Madetojan musiikkilukio sekä Oulun musiikkikeskuksen pääsali Madetojan sali ovat myös saaneet nimensä säveltäjältä. ", "Pelle Miljoona\nKesäkuussa 2014 paljastettiin Haminan Tervasaaressa Pelle Miljoona -patsas. Veistoksen on tehnyt Heimo Suntio.Pelle Miljoona & N.U.S.", "Kveenit\nVesisaaressa Norjan Ruijassa paljastettiin 1977 Ensio Seppäsen veistämä maahanmuuttajien muistomerkki eli kveeni-patsas, jota oli paljastamassa Norjan kuningas Olavi V, Ruotsin kuningas Kaarle XVI Kustaa sekä Suomen tasavallan presidentti Urho Kekkonen. [7]", "Minna Canth\nEnsimmäisen Canth-patsasluonnoksen teki Emil Cedercreutz vuonna 1912. Tämä terrakottaveistos on nykyään Emil Cedercreutzin museossa Harjavallassa.[36] Minna Canthin patsas paljastettiin Kuopiossa 12. toukokuuta 1937.[32] Lisäksi hänellä on patsaat Tampereella ja Jyväskylässä.[32] Tampereen teoksen Nuori Minna on tehnyt Lauri Leppänen vuonna 1951 ja Jyväskylän teoksen Nuori uneksija puolestaan Pauli Koskinen vuonna 1962[37].", "Torkkeli Knuutinpojan patsas\nTorkkeli Knuutinpojan patsas on Viipurissa Torkkeli Knuutinpojan torilla eli Vanhalla raatihuoneen torilla sijaitseva veistos, joka esittää Viipurin linnan perustajaa Torkkeli Knuutinpoikaa. Kuvanveistäjä Ville Vallgrenin teos paljastettiin ensimmäisen kerran 4. lokakuuta 1908. Toisen maailmansodan jälkeen pahoin vaurioitunut patsas siirrettiin jalustoineen pois paikaltaan, mutta paljastettiin jälleen restauroituna 2. heinäkuuta 1993 Viipurin perustamisen 700-vuotisjuhlien yhteydessä.", "Arnold Schwarzeneggerin patsas\nArnold Schwarzeneggerin patsas on patsas Arnold Schwarzeneggerin kunniaksi. Patsas sijaitsee Arnold Schwarzeneggerin museon edessä Thalin kylässä Itävallassa. Patsas on valmistettu pronssista. Arnold Schwarzenegger paljasti patsaan 7. lokakuuta 2011. Patsas esittää Arnoldia kehonrakentajana.", "Bad Bad Boy\nElokuussa 2014 \"Bad Bad Boy\" asennettiin Helsingin Kauppatorille, jossa se virtsasi mereen Stora Enson pääkonttorin ja Presidentinlinnan edustalla. Silloin se oli osa Amos Andersonin taidemuseossa järjestettyä Tommi Toijan näyttelyä Helsingin juhlaviikoilla. Siitä tuli yksi Helsingin kuvatuimpia kohteita.", "Mannerheimin patsas (Lahti)\nLahden Mannerheimin ratsastajapatsas on Lahden rautatieaseman viereisellä asematorilla sijaitseva patsas, joka esittää Suomen marsalkka Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheimia ja tämän hevosta. Teoksen tekijä on lahtelainen kuvanveistäjä Veikko Leppänen ja se paljastettiin 19. joulukuuta vuonna 1959, noin puoli vuotta aikaisemmin kuin Helsingin ratsastajapatsas. Teos on ensimmäinen Suomessa paljastettu Mannerheimin ratsastajapatsas. ", "Boston Corbett\nBoston Corbettin patsas on tienvarrella Kansasissa, Concordian kaupungin laidalla.", "Kustaa II Aadolfin patsas\nKustaa II Aadolfin patsas on Turussa Akatemiatalon edustalla sijaitseva Kustaa II Aadolfin näköispatsas. Patsas pystytettiin Kustaa II Aadolfin perustaman ja Akatemiatalossa toimivan Turun hovioikeuden aloitteesta vuonna 1992. Patsaan mallina on ollut ruotsalaisen kuvanveistäjän Bengt Erland Fogelbergin tekemä Kustaa II Aadolfin patsas Göteborgissa. Göteborgin patsas paljastettiin vuonna 1854.", "Lilja (patsas)\nLiljan patsas on Wäinö Aaltosen tekemä punagraniittinen patsas Turussa, Runeberginpuistossa Auransillan kupeessa. Se esittää alastonta naista ja Turun vaakunakukkaa liljaa. Patsas on hankittu sinne vuonna 1927 ja se oli Turun kaupungin ensimmäinen julkinen taidehankinta.", "Vuoden 1918 kansalaissodan uhrien muistomerkki\nVuoden 1918 kansalaissodan uhrien muistomerkki (myös Crescendo) on Helsingin Eläintarhassa sijaitseva valtakunnallinen Suomen sisällissodan punaisten muistomerkki. Vuonna 1970 paljastettu pronssinen veistos on kuvanveistäjä Taisto Martiskaisen suunnittelema. Se on omistettu sisällissodassa punaisten puolella taistelleiden ja kaatuneiden sekä vankileireillä kuolleiden naisten ja miesten muistolle. Muistomerkki seisoo graniittisella jalustalla kallion päällä lähellä Nordenskiöldinkadun ja Pohjoisen Stadiontien risteystä.[1]", "Pieni merenneito II: Atlantiksen salaisuus\nMorganan kostoa peläten Ariel päättää olla kertomatta Melodylle lainkaan, että hän on ollut merenneito ja asunut merenpohjassa Atlantiksessa. Melodyn medaljonki heitetään mereen, ja Arielin ja Erikin linnan ympärille rakennetaan suuri muuri, joka eristää linnan merestä.", "Mannerheimin patsas (Turku)\nMannerheimin patsas Turussa on kuvanveistäjä Veikko Leppäsen ja arkkitehti Aarne Ehojoen suunnittelema pronssinen rintakuvaveistos, joka esittää C. G. E. Mannerheimia. Se sijaitsee Mannerheiminpuistossa, VII kaupunginosassa. Teoksen virallinen nimi on \"Marsalkka C. G. E. Mannerheimin muistomerkki\"." ]

[ 9.625 ]

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[ "Limits put on accessing Resources and Records." ]

[ "Resources and Records have no limits on access or accountability", "He has a Lab head, so my best guess is that he was part Lab.", "A female is sitting down next to a shape.", "Pinochet will not be deported to Spain to be sentenced.", "The skateboarder jumps off a ledge.", "The lawn mower is very easy to push.", "Theodore Roosevelt was Republican." ]

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[ "Steven Soderbergh Steven Andrew Soderbergh ( ; born January 14, 1963) is an American film producer, director, screenwriter, cinematographer and editor. His indie drama \"Sex, Lies, and Videotape\" (1989) won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival, and became a worldwide commercial success, making the then-26-year-old Soderbergh the youngest director to win the festival's top award. Film critic Roger Ebert dubbed Soderbergh the \"poster boy of the Sundance generation\".", "Rémi Lange Rémi Lange (born 4 February 1969 in Gennevilliers, Hauts-de-Seine) is a French film director. Lange's films have mostly been released directly to video, except \"Omelette\" (1998) where he filmed his own coming out, and its sequel \"Les Yeux brouillés\" (2000), which both had general cinematic release in France. His films have been shown and have won awards at film festivals around the world." ]

[ "Man on the Moon (film) Man on the Moon is a 1999 American biographical comedy-drama film about the late American entertainer Andy Kaufman, starring Jim Carrey as Kaufman. The film was directed by Miloš Forman and also features Danny DeVito, Courtney Love, and Paul Giamatti.", "The Object of My Affection The Object of My Affection is a 1998 romantic comedy-drama film, adapted from the book of the same name by Stephen McCauley, and starring Jennifer Aniston and Paul Rudd. The story concerns a pregnant New York social worker who develops romantic feelings for her gay best friend and decides to raise her child with him, and the complications that ensue. The film is directed by Nicholas Hytner, and the screenplay was written by Wendy Wasserstein.", "Louise (Take 2) Louise (Take 2) is a 1998 French drama film directed by Siegfried. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival.", "A Madonna in Laleli A Madonna in Laleli (Turkish: \"Laleli'de bir Azize\" ) is a 1998 Turkish drama film, written and directed by Kudret Sabancı, about a pimp and his two friends who try to sell a Russian prostitute as a “virgin” to a rich businessman. The film, which went on nationwide general release across Turkey on  12, 1999 (1999--) , was shot concurrently with \"On Board\" (Turkish: \"Gemide\" ), directed by Serdar Akar, and many of the main characters from the two films cross paths.", "Simon Birch Simon Birch is a 1998 American comedy-drama film loosely based on \"A Prayer for Owen Meany\" by John Irving and was directed and written for the screen by Mark Steven Johnson. The film stars Ian Michael Smith, Joseph Mazzello, Jim Carrey, Ashley Judd and Oliver Platt. It omitted much of the latter half of the novel and altered the ending.", "Night Falls on Manhattan Night Falls on Manhattan is a 1997 American crime drama film directed by Sidney Lumet, set and filmed on location in New York City. Its screenplay is by Lumet, based on a novel by Robert Daley entitled \"Tainted Evidence\".", "The Patriot (1998 film) The Patriot is a 1998 American action drama film loosely based on the novel \"The Last Canadian\" by William C. Heine. The film stars Steven Seagal and is directed by Dean Semler. The plot involves an American patriot who has to foil the plot of a militia to release a deadly virus. It is Seagal's first direct-to-video film.", "Patch Adams (film) Patch Adams is a 1998 semi-biographical comedy-drama film starring Robin Williams, Monica Potter, Philip Seymour Hoffman and Bob Gunton. Directed by Tom Shadyac, it is based on the life story of Dr. Hunter \"Patch\" Adams and the book, \"Gesundheit: Good Health is a Laughing Matter\", by Adams and Maureen Mylander. Despite being poorly received by critics and Dr. Adams himself, the film was a box-office success, grossing over twice its budget in the United States alone.", "Hope Floats Hope Floats is a 1998 American romantic drama film directed by Forest Whitaker and starring Sandra Bullock, Harry Connick Jr., and Gena Rowlands.", "Contact (1997 American film) Contact is a 1997 American science fiction drama film directed by Robert Zemeckis. It is a film adaptation of Carl Sagan's 1985 novel of the same name; Sagan and his wife Ann Druyan wrote the story outline for the film.", "Monster Mash (1995 film) Monster Mash (also known as Monster Mash: The Movie and Frankenstein Sings) is a horror-themed musical film, based on the Bobby \"Boris\" Pickett song \"Monster Mash\" and the 1967 stage musical, \"I'm Sorry the Bridge is Out, You'll Have to Spend the Night\", also by Pickett and Sheldon Allman. The film starred Pickett himself as Dr. Frankenstein, was produced and distributed by Prism Pictures, and originally released to cinemas in November 14, 1995.", "The Versace Murder The Versace Murder is a 1998 film written and directed by Menahem Golan.", "American Reunion American Reunion (also known as American Pie 4: Reunion or American Pie: Reunion in certain countries) is a 2012 ensemble sex comedy film written and directed by Jon Hurwitz and Hayden Schlossberg. It is the fourth installment in the \"American Pie\" theatrical series and eighth installment in the \"American Pie\" franchise overall.", "Sliding Doors Sliding Doors is a 1998 British-American romantic drama film written and directed by Peter Howitt and starring Gwyneth Paltrow and John Hannah, while also featuring John Lynch, Jeanne Tripplehorn, and Virginia McKenna. The film alternates between two parallel universes, based on the two paths the central character's life could take depending on whether or not she catches a train, and causing different outcomes in her life.", "The Dinner (2017 film) The Dinner is an American drama thriller film directed and written by Oren Moverman, based on the Dutch novel of the same name by Herman Koch. It is the third film adaptation of the novel, following the 2013 original Dutch version \"Het Diner\" by Menno Meyjes and the 2014 Italian film \"I nostri ragazzi\" by Ivano De Matteo. The film stars Richard Gere, Steve Coogan, Laura Linney, Rebecca Hall, Chloë Sevigny, Charlie Plummer, Miles J. Harvey and Adepero Oduye.", "Jared Leto filmography Jared Leto is an American entertainer who has had an extensive career in film, music, and television. He made his debut with minor roles in the television shows \"Camp Wilder\" (1992) and \"Almost Home\" (1993). He achieved recognition in 1994 for his role as Jordan Catalano in the teen drama television series \"My So-Called Life\". The show was praised for its portrayal of adolescence and gained a cult following, despite being canceled after only one season. The same year, he made his television film debut starring alongside Alicia Silverstone in \"Cool and the Crazy\". Leto's first film role was in the 1995 drama \"How to Make an American Quilt\". He later co-starred with Christina Ricci in \"The Last of the High Kings\" (1996) and received a supporting role in \"Switchback\" (1997). In 1997, Leto starred in the biopic \"Prefontaine\" in which he played the role of Olympic hopeful Steve Prefontaine. His portrayal received positive reviews from critics and is often considered his breakthrough role. The following year, Leto starred together with Alicia Witt in the horror \"Urban Legend\". He then acted alongside Sean Penn and Adrien Brody in the war film \"The Thin Red Line\" (1998). After playing supporting roles in \"Black and White\" and \"Girl, Interrupted\", Leto portrayed Angel Face in \"Fight Club\" (1999), which has since became a cult film.", "Ocean's Trilogy The Ocean's Trilogy is a series of three comedy heist films, released from 2001 to 2007, directed by Steven Soderbergh and produced by Jerry Weintraub for Warner Bros.", "Restaurant (1998 film) Restaurant is a 1998 independent film starring Adrien Brody, Elise Neal, David Moscow and Simon Baker. Written by Tom Cudworth and directed by Eric Bross, \"Restaurant\" was the follow-up to this writing–directing duo's first film, \"TenBenny\", which also starred Adrien Brody. \"Restaurant\" premiered at the Los Angeles Independent Film Festival on April 17, 1998, and garnered Adrien Brody an Independent Spirit Award nomination for Best Male Lead. Set in Hoboken, New Jersey, \"Restaurant\" is a romantic comedy about young waiters with big dreams, but few chances to actually succeed. This is Grammy Award-winning hip hop artist Lauryn Hill's last movie to date.", "Dogma (film) Dogma is a 1999 American fantasy comedy film, written and directed by Kevin Smith, who also stars along with Ben Affleck, Matt Damon, Linda Fiorentino, Alan Rickman, Bud Cort, Salma Hayek, Chris Rock, Jason Lee, George Carlin, Janeane Garofalo, Alanis Morissette, and Jason Mewes. It is the fourth film in Smith's View Askewniverse series. Brian O'Halloran and Jeff Anderson, stars of the first Askewniverse film \"Clerks\", appear in the film, as do Smith regulars Scott Mosier, Dwight Ewell, Walt Flanagan, and Bryan Johnson.", "The Parent Trap (1998 film) The Parent Trap is a 1998 family comedy film co-written and directed by Nancy Meyers, and produced and co-written by Charles Shyer. It is a remake of the 1961 film of the same name and an adaptation of Erich Kästner's German novel \"Lottie and Lisa\" (\"Das doppelte Lottchen\")." ]

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[ "A man is about to shave." ]

[ "Two men are outside.", "A man is speaking to a group of elderly people.", "A person is riding a horse.", "The old building has not been changed into a research library.", "the man is wearing a robe", "It is not located in the main harbor at Sham El Sheikh.", "The woman is wearing a jersey with the number 8." ]

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[ "A man is on a horse." ]

[ "A girl is riding her horse.", "Three men stand outside.", "A lady is butchering a fish.", "Workers compensation is one of the contract rights of these workers.", "The woman prepares for the beach wedding.", "A group of people are swimming.", "Tuppence never made it to the block of buildings." ]

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[ "Matt Willis Mathew James \"Matt\" Willis (born 8 May 1983), also previously known as Mattie Jay, is an English singer-songwriter, television presenter and actor, best known as the bassist and one of the vocalists of the pop punk band, Busted. Willis released his debut solo album \"Don't Let It Go to Waste\" on 20 November 2006, which included three top 20 singles.", "The Mekons The Mekons are a British-American rock band. Formed in the late 1970s as an art collective, they are one of the longest-running and most prolific of the first-wave British punk rock bands. Through the years, the band's musical style has evolved, incorporating aspects of country music, folk music, alternative rock and occasional experiments with dub. They are known for their raucous live shows. These days, The Mekons are often described as a post-punk, cowpunk and/or alt country band. The band is currently based in Chicago." ]

[ "Bob Willis (trade unionist) Robert Willis (1904 – 20 September 1982), usually known as Bob Willis, was a British trade unionist.", "Matt Roper Matt Roper is a British comedian, writer and musician.", "Matt Clark (darts player) Matthew 'Matt' Clark (born 4 April 1968 in Dartford) is an English darts player who competes for the Professional Darts Corporation and formerly played for the British Darts Organisation. He uses the nickname Superman for his matches.", "Matt Irwin (photographer) Matt Irwin (10 February 1980 – 5 May 2016) was a British celebrity photographer.", "Matt Jones (footballer, born 1986) Matthew Robert \"Matt\" Jones (born 11 May 1986) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for American club Elm City Express.", "Matt Henry (singer) Matt Henry is a British singer and actor who won an Olivier award for playing Lola in the London production of the musical \"Kinky Boots\".", "Matt Everitt Matt Everitt (born September 13, 1972 in Sutton Coldfield) is an English radio presenter. He currently works for BBC Radio 6 Music. He was a drummer for Britpop band Menswear and The Montrose Avenue in the 1990s.", "Matt Grindley Matt Grindley (born 1 July 1976) is an English magician, comedian and actor. He was born in Worsley, Salford, Greater Manchester. He resides in Didsbury, near Manchester.", "Don't Let It Go to Waste (song) \"Don't Let It Go to Waste\" is the third single from Matt Willis, released on 11 December 2006. Several days before the single's release, Willis was announced the winner of the reality TV-show \"I'm a Celebrity, Get Me Out Of Here!\". A show Willis admitted going on purely to boost his music career.", "Beth Orton Elizabeth Caroline \"Beth\" Orton (born 2 July 1971) is an English singer-songwriter, known for her 'folktronica' sound, which mixes elements of folk and electronica. She was initially recognised for her collaborations with William Orbit, Andrew Weatherall, Red Snapper and the Chemical Brothers in the mid-1990s. Her UK/US debut solo album, \"Trailer Park\", garnered much critical acclaim in 1996. Orton developed a devoted audience with the release of the BRIT Award-winning album \"Central Reservation\" (1999) and the 2002 UK top 10 album, \"Daybreaker\". Her 2006 album \"Comfort of Strangers\" was followed by a hiatus during which Orton gave birth to her daughter and collaborated with the legendary British guitarist Bert Jansch. Orton returned with \"Sugaring Season\" in 2012, which moved towards a purer acoustic sound, followed by a return to electronic music with \"Kidsticks\", released in 2016.", "Matt Toka Matt Toka is an American musician. He was lead singer of the band Cherry Monroe.", "Sam Wills Sam Wills (born 28 August 1978), is a New Zealand prop comic, busker, clown and mime residing in London. He performs under the name The Boy With Tape On His Face and, more recently, as Tape Face. He was also half of the two-person act Spitroast and sometimes performed under his own name, Sam Wills. He has featured in the New Zealand International Comedy Festival, the World Buskers Festival, and was a finalist on Season 11 of \"America's Got Talent\".", "Matthew Clarke (footballer, born 1996) Matthew \"Matt\" Edward Barkell Clarke (born 22 September 1996) is an English professional footballer who plays for Portsmouth as a central defender", "Matt Johnson (keyboardist) Matt Johnson (born 3 February 1969, Bournemouth, England) is a British keyboardist who plays for the alternative jazz band Jamiroquai.", "KWS (band) KWS was a British dance act from Nottingham, England consisting of instrumentalists/record producers Chris King (born 6 September 1966) and Winston Williams (born 14 February 1965), and vocalist Delroy St. Joseph (born 28 November 1967). The band's name is an acronym of the members' surnames, King/Williams/St. Joseph.", "Trent Seven Benjamin Maurice Webb (born August 21, 1981) is a British professional wrestler currently signed to WWE appearing in WWE NXT, he is also currently working for various independent companies in Europe and occasionally the U.S. under the ring name Trent Seven. Seven and Tyler Bate form the tag team \"Moustache Mountain\" who collectively have won the Progress Tag Team Championship in the UK and the Chikara Campeonatos de Parejas in the United States. Seven, Bate, and Pete Dunne collectively form \"British Strong Style\".", "Stan Brookes Stan Brookes (born 2 February 1953) is a former English footballer who played for Doncaster Rovers and KV Mechelen as a defender.", "Little Britain Live Little Britain Live is a stage show based on the TV sketch series \"Little Britain\", performed by its stars, Matt Lucas and David Walliams, and directed by Jeremy Sams. Supporting characters are played by Paul Putner and Samantha Power (with Anthony Head and Ruth Jones in certain performances). As in the TV show, Tom Baker is the narrator, although his lines are pre-recorded. The show toured the United Kingdom from October 2005 until December 2006, and Australia from January–March 2007.", "Matt Hocking Matthew James \"Matt\" Hocking (born 30 January 1978 in Boston, England) is an English football defender.", "Compare the Meerkat Compare the Meerkat is an advertising campaign on British and Australian commercial television for comparethemarket.com, a price comparison website, part of BGL Group. The adverts feature Aleksandr Orlov, a CGI fictional anthropomorphic Russian meerkat and his family and friends. Orlov is portrayed as being of aristocratic stock and the founder of comparethemeerkat.com: the campaign centres on his frustration over the confusion between his website and comparethemarket.com, playing on the similarity between the words \"market\" and \"meerkat\". Orlov's catchphrase is \"Simples\"." ]

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[ "\"Lawnmarket\" is another name for the Royal Mile." ]

[ "The Royal mile is also known as Sheepmarket.", "Compliance requirements are significant to audit objects and so the auditors should design the audit to maximize the assurance in regards to compliance.", "A man is jumping", "An adult couple pose for a picture next to a cutout", "Two athletes are playing agressively.", "All the messages we relay encourage deep thoughts and meaning.", "Conference reports do not direct any mandates from Congress." ]

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[ "Taivaallisen rauhan aukio\nTaivaallisen rauhan portti rakennettiin Ming-dynastian aikana 1417. Kiinan keisariaikana (1911 saakka) varsinaista aukiota ei ollut, vaan paikka oli täynnä ministeriöiden toimistoja. Nämä vaurioituivat pahasti boksarikapinan yhteydessä, niiden lopullinen hävittäminen loi aukion." ]

[ "Paestum\nForumin keskellä on temppeli, jota on kutsuttu Paxin (Rauhan) temppeliksi. Temppeli on rakennettu pohjois-eteläsuunnassa ja sijoitettu korkealle podiumille, ja sen stylobaatin koko on 14,5 x 26,5 metriä. Temppeli edusti doorilaista tyyliä joonialais-aiolialaisilla vaikutteilla. Sen julkisivussa oli alun perin kuusi pylvästä ja lopulta neljä pylvästä, ja pitkillä sivuilla kahdeksan pylvästä. Takasivulla sen sijaan ei ollut pylväitä. Temppelin rakentamisen aloitus on ajoitettu vuoteen 273 eaa., mutta se saatettiin loppuun vasta noin 80 eaa.", "Mystras\nMystraksen palatsi (\"Paláti\") eli Kantakuzenos- ja Palaiologos-sukujen palatsi on rakennettu 1200- ja 1400-lukujen välisenä aikana. Se on suuri L-kirjaimen muotoinen rakennuskokonaisuus, johon kuuluu useita eri aikoina ja eri tarkoituksiin tehtyjä rakennuksia. Palatsia on kunnostettu pitkään. Se on ainoa bysanttilainen palatsi, joka on säilynyt nykyaikaan kokonaisuudessaan.", "Hagia Sofia\nHagia Sofian paikalla oli aluksi ollut Constantius II:n rakennuttama kirkko, joka oli rakennettu vanhan Apollon temppelin raunioiden paikalle. Tämä kirkko tuhoutui 15. tammikuuta 532 niin sanotun Nika-kapinan yhteydessä. Keisari Justinianus I päätti rakennuttaa vanhan paikalle uuden kirkon. Sen arkkitehdit olivat Platonin Akatemian viimeinen johtaja Isidoros Miletoslainen ja Anthemios Tralleislainen.[2] Justinianuksen tavoite oli rakentaa kaikkien aikojen loisteliain kirkko. Kirkon valmistuttua hänen kerrotaan huudahtaneen: ”Olen voittanut sinut, Salomo!” Kirkon 55 metriä korkeaa kupolia reunustaa kaksi puolikupolia, ja sen alareunassa olevat 40 ikkunaa luovat vaikutelman, että kupoli leijuu ilmassa.[3] Hagia Sofia vihittiin käyttöön 27. joulukuuta 537[2]. Kirkon suuri kupoli romahti maanjäristyksen yhteydessä vuonna 557, mutta se jälleenrakennettiin ja kirkko vihittiin jälleen käyttöön vuonna 563. Hagia Sofiasta tuli pian Konstantinopolin ja koko Bysantin valtakunnan tärkein kirkko ja myös tärkein bysanttilaista arkkitehtuurin tyyliä edustava rakennus.", "Gondor\nGondorilla oli myös useita linnakkeita ja rajavartioasemia. Rohanin Aukkoa vartioiva Rautapiha ja Helmin syvänteessä sijaitseva Ämyrilinna kuuluivat Gondorille. Mordorissa Ihmisten ja Haltioiden Viimeisen Liiton jälkeen sijaitsi useita Gondorin rakentamia rajavartioasemia, joista merkittävimmät olivat Hammastornit, Durthang ja Cirith Ungolin Torni. Sormuksen Sotaan mennessä Rautapiha oli Sarumanin hallussa, Ämyrilinna oli luovutettu \"rohirrimille\" ja Mordorin rajavartioasemat toimivat Sauronin örkkien varuskuntina.", "Dodona\nMyöhemmin rakennettu pyhäkkö oli tehty useissa vaiheissa, joista tunnetaan myöhimmät kolme. Näistä ensimmäinen ajoitetaan 300-luvulle eaa. Tuolloin pyhäkkö koostui peribolos-muurilla ympäröidystä nelikulmaisesta temenoksesta. Pyhä tammi oli sen keskiössä, kun taas yhdessä nurkassa oli pieni pronaoksesta ja naoksesta koostunut temppeli.", "Akropolis (Ateena)\nParthenon oli Athenen päätemppeli Akropoliilla. Se oli omistettu Neitsyt Athenelle (Athene Parthenos) ja sijaitsi linnavuoren etelälaidalla. Temppeli rakennettiin vuosina 447–438 eaa., jolloin se seurasi paikalla olleita varhaisempia Athenen temppeleitä Hekatompedon-temppeliä ja Vanhaa Parthenonia. Temppeli edustaa doorilaista tyyliä. Se on kaksoisperipteraalitemppeli, jonka julkisivussa on 8 x 17 pylvästä. Temppelissä on naos eli cella, pronaos ja opisthodomos. Sekä pronaoksen että opisthodomoksen edessä on kuusi pienempää pylvästä.[3][11]", "Galeriuksen kaari\nKaari on rakennettu 200-luvun lopussa tai 300-luvun alussa. Sen rakennutti keisari Galerius, josta kaari on saanut myös nimensä. Rakentamisella juhlistettiin Galeriuksen voittoa Sassanidien Persiasta vuonna 297. Kaari oli osa suurempaa rakennuskokonaisuutta, johon kuuluivat myös muun muassa Galeriuksen palatsi, Rotunda ja hippodromi. Kaaren tarkoitus oli yhdistää palatsi kaaren ali kulkeneeseen tiehen.", "Dodona\nPrytaneionin ja buleuterionin välissä sijaitsi pyhäkköalueen peribolos-muurin vanhempi länsiportti 300-luvulta eaa. Kun buleuterion ja prytaneion rakennettiin, muurin länsisivu siirrettiin lännemmäksi, minne rakennettiin myös uusi länsiportti.", "Baabelin torni\nBaabelin torni (vuoden 1992 raamatunkäännöksessä Babylonin torni, heprean sanasta \"Bābhel\" ’sekaannus’, assyrialais-babylonialaisesta sanasta \"bāb-ili\" ’Jumalan ovi’) oli muun muassa Raamatun Ensimmäisen Mooseksen kirjan kertomuksen (1. Moos. 11) mukaan korkea torni, jota Nooan jälkeläiset ryhtyivät rakentamaan vedenpaisumuksen jälkeen Baabelin kaupunkiin.", "Porin kuninkaankartano\nKuninkaankartano sijaitsi Porin silloisen kaupunkialueen ulkopuolella paikassa, jossa nykyään on vuonna 1863 rakennettu Keski-Porin kirkko puistoineen sekä Linnansillan eteläpää. ", "Apollon Dafneforoksen temppeli\nApollon Dafneforoksen temppeli oli omistettu nimensä mukaisesti ”Laakeria kantavalle Apollonille”. \"Homeerinen hymni Apollonille\" kertoo, että Apollon asettui Lelantoksen tasangolle etsiessään paikkaa oraakkelilleen. Paikalla oli pyhäkkö tai temppeli neljässä rakennusvaiheessa, joista kaksi ensimmäistä ajoittuvat 700-luvulle eaa., kolmas 600-luvulle eaa. ja neljäs 500-luvulle eaa.\nGeometrisella kaudella 700-luvulla eaa. paikalla oli apsis-päätyinen talo, joka on mahdollisesti sekin ollut kulttikäytössä, sekä hieman myöhemmin rakennettu samoin apsis-päätyinen hekatompedon- eli sata jalkaa pitkä temppeli. Ne purettiin 700-luvun eaa. loppupuolella. Varhaisella arkaaisella kaudella noin 670–650 eaa. paikalle rakennettiin uusi hekatompedon-temppeli. Viimeinen vaihe, joka oli doorilaista tyyliä edustanut temppeli, rakennettiin arkaaisen kauden loppupuolella noin 530–520 eaa.", "Poros-temppeli\nPoros-temppeli () on nimitys, jota käytetään yhdestä antiikin aikaisesta Apollonille omistetusta temppelistä Deloksen saarella Kreikassa. Sen rauniot ovat osa Deloksen arkeologista aluetta, joka on Unescon maailmanperintökohde. Tarkemmin kohde on osa Deloksen Apollonin ja Artemiin pyhäkköaluetta.\nTemppeli rakennettiin arkaaisella kaudella noin vuonna 550–525 eaa. Sen pystyttivät saarelle ateenalaiset, ja se korvasi mahdollisesti paikalla olleen varhaisemman naksoslaisten rakentaman temppelin. Deloksen meriliiton kassaa säilytettiin alun perin tässä temppelissä. Temppeli oli yksi kolmesta Deloksen Apollonille omistetusta temppelistä, ja sijaitsi niistä pohjoisimpana. Sen eteläpuolelle rakennettiin myöhemmin Deloslainen Apollonin temppeli ja näiden väliin vielä myöhemmin Ateenalainen Apollonin temppeli.", "Pyhän Mikaelin ja Pyhän Yrjön palatsi\nPyhän Mikaelin ja Pyhän Yrjön palatsi rakennettiin vuosina 1819–1824. Sen rakennutti Sir Thomas Maitland, joka toimi Yhdistyneen kuningaskunnan protektoraatin Jooniansaarten yhdysvaltojen ensimmäisenä käskynhaltijana. Arkkitehtina toimi Sir George Whitmore, joka suunnitteli myös Korfulla sijaitsevan Mon Repón palatsin. Pyhän Mikaelin ja Pyhän Yrjön palatsi oli nykyaikaisen Kreikan ensimmäinen uusklassista arkkitehtuuria edustanut rakennus. Rakennus toimi paitsi käskynhaltijan palatsina myös Joonian parlamentin ja senaatin kokoontumispaikkana. Siinä toimi myös Pyhän Mikaelin ja Pyhän Yrjön ritarikunta (\"Order of St Michael and St George\"), mistä se on saanut nimensä.", "Azadin torni\nTorni rakennettiin vuonna 1971 Persian valtakunnan 2500-vuotisjuhlapäivän kunniaksi. Tämä Iranin portiksi kutsuttu torni sai nimekseen \"Šahyād Āryāmehr\", mutta islamilaisen vallankumouksen jälkeen vuonna 1979 se nimettiin Azadi-torniksi, joka tarkoittaa persiaksi vapautta. Torni on 50 metriä korkea, ja se on valmistettu valkoisesta marmorista, joka tuotiin Eṣfahānin provinssista. Torniin on käytetty yli 8 000 marmoripalaa. 2010-luvun alulla kiinnitettiin huomiota rakennuskompleksin rapistuneeseen kuntoon ja vaadittiin sen kunnostamista. Osasyyksi vioittumiseen mainittiin vuonna 2010 tehdyn muutostyöt, jossa sadeveden viemäröintiä poistettiin. ", "Agora (Ateena)\nKuninkaallinen stoa oli kuningasarkontin (\"arkhon basileus\") eli uskonnollisista asioista ja laeista vastanneen arkontin toimipaikka. Se sijaitsi alueen luoteislaidalla ja rakennettiin arkaaisella kaudella noin 520 eaa. ensimmäisenä Agoran stoista.", "Shōtoku (prinssi)\nBuddhalaisuuden suojelijana Shōtoku rakennutti useita buddhalaisia temppeleitä. Niistä tunnetuin lienee Naran lähelle vuonna 607 valmistunut Hōryū-ji, joka on yksi maailman vanhimmista säilyneistä puurakennuksista. Kuolemansa jälkeen häntä pidettiin buddhalaisena pyhimyksenä.[1]", "Palatsinraitin silta\nPalatsinraitin silta rakennettiin Tammerkosken yläjuoksulle samanaikaisesti uudelleenrakennetun padon kanssa. Silta on rakennettu patorakennelmien päälle. Finlaysonin puolella sillan alkupää on Wilhelm von Nottbeckin puistossa. Silta ylittää ensin Finlaysonin entisen puutarhakanavan alun ja sen jälkeen kaksi Finlaysonin vesivoimalaitoksen kanavaporttia, jotka aukeavat sillan alle. Tämän jälkeen sillan keskiosassa on kolme tulvauoman porttia, joilla säädetään Näsijärven pintaa, ettei se pääse nousemaan yli tulvarajan. Tampellan puolella ennen Aleksandra Siltasen puistoa on vielä kaksi Tampellan vesivoimalaitoksen kanavaporttia, jotka ovat samanlaisia kuin Finlaysonin puolella. Normaalitilanteessa voimalaitosten portit ovat auki ja tulvaportit kiinni.", "Najaf\nImaami Alin hautakammio on huomattava rakennus, jossa on kullattu kupoli. Sen lähellä on Wadi-us-Salaam, rauhan laakso, jonka sanotaan olevan islamilaisen maailman suurin hautausmaa. Hartaat šiialaiset ulkomaita myöten halusivat tulla haudatuiksi lähelle Imaami Alia, tullakseen kutsutuiksi taivaaseen ensimmäisten joukossa tuomiopäivän koittaessa.\nSaddam Hussein rakennutti monikaistaisen moottoritien Rauhan laakson poikki.", "Kivikin kuninkaanhauta\nSigurd Curmanin johdolla röykkiön ennallistaminen aloitettiin valaamalla ensin betonista huone Kuninkaanhaudan suojaksi. Huoneesta tehtiin niin suuri, että kävijät pystyivät kiertämään haudan ja katselemaan paasien kuvioita. Kammion oviaukko rakennettiin muotoiluista kivistä ja aukon sulki suuri kuparinen ovi. Kokonaisuutta kutsutaan \"Leijonan portiksi\" (). Röykkiön kivet kasattiin niin, että sen halkaisijaksi tuli alkuperäinen 75 metriä. Kiviä riitti vain 2−3 metrin vahvuuteen, sillä niitä ei voitu kustannussyistä johtuen kerätä kovin paljon lisää. Tiedetään kuitenkin, että kiviä tuotiin ympäröiviltä maatiloilta noin 3000 autokuormallista. Röykkiön reunalta rakennettiin maantasainen käytävä, joka johti kivettynä röykkiön keskelle. Sitä pitkin ihmiset kulkivat, kun hauta avattiin yleisölle 20.6.1933. Samana vuonna ympäröivät alueet ostettiin valtion omistukseen ja nykyään niitä hallinnoi Riksantikvarieämbetet. Ennallistuksen kustannukset olivat 40000 kruunua ja siitä tuli Ruotsin kallein ennallistamishanke ennen toista maailmansotaa.[11][9][4][13]", "Nanjingin posliinitorni\nNanjingin posliinitorni (myös Bao’enin temppeli) oli buddhalainen pagodi, joka pystytettiin 1400-luvun alussa Itä-Kiinassa sijaitsevaan Nanjingin kaupunkiin, Jangtsejoen etelärannalle. Sen rakennutti Ming-dynastiaan kuulunut keisari Yongle äitinsä kunniaksi. Kerrotaan, että rakentaminen kesti lähes kaksikymmentä vuotta ja siihen osallistui satatuhatta työmiestä. Keskiajalla tornia pidettiin yhtenä maailman seitsemästä ihmeestä. Se tuhoutui täydellisesti vuonna 1856, Qing-dynastiaa vastaan käydyn Taiping-kapinan aikana.", "Porta Esquilina\nPorta Esquilina (nykyinen Arco di Gallieno) oli antiikin Rooman aikainen portti Serviuksen muurin itäpuolella. Rooman keisari Augustus (27 eaa. – 14 jaa.) korjautti sen ja vuonna 262 roomalainen ritari Marcus Aurelius Victor muutti portin riemukaareksi ja omisti sen keisari Gallienukselle ja hänen vaimolleen Cornelia Saloninalle.", "Kuninkaallinen stoa\nKuninkaallinen stoa rakennettiin noin vuonna 525 eaa. Suuri osa siitä rakennettiin uudelleen 400-luvulla eaa. todennäköisesti persialaissotien aiheuttamien tuhojen korjaamiseksi. Rakennus oli yksi Ateenan varhaisimmista ja merkittävimmistä julkisista rakennuksista. Stoa sai nimensä siitä, että siellä toimi niin kutsuttu kuningasarkontti, jolle kuului monia lakeihin ja uskontoon liittyneitä tehtäviä. Myös Ateenan lakien kopiot olivat esillä rakennuksessa.", "Eleusinion\nTemppeli oli rakennettu noin vuonna 490–480 eaa. ja se korvasi paikalla olleen varhaisemman, noin 550 eaa. rakennetun aidatun ulkoilmapyhäkön. Temppeli oli Demeterin ja Korēn eli Persefonen Eleusiissa sijainneen päätemppelin Telesterionin vastine Ateenassa. Siinä säilytettiin Eleusiin mysteerien pyhiä esineitä silloin kun ne olivat Ateenassa. Esineet kannettiin vuosittain Eleusiista Ateenaan päivää ennen juhlan alkua, ja ne olivat Ateenassa juhlan viiden ensimmäisen päivän ajan. Tämän jälkeen ne kannettiin mysteerien suuressa juhlakulkueessa takaisin Eleusiihin Pyhää tietä pitkin.", "Taivaallisen rauhan aukio\nLänsimaissa aukion tunnettavuus lisääntyi keväällä 1989 liberaaleja uudistuksia vaatineesta opiskelijamielenosoituksesta Kiinan kommunistihallintoa vastaan ja erityisesti sen väkivaltaisesta tukahduttamisesta[1]. Mielenosoitus huipentui verilöylyyn 4. kesäkuuta 1989.", "Taivaallisen rauhan aukion mielenosoitus\nTaivaallisen rauhan aukion mielenosoitukset alkoivat 15. huhtikuuta ja päättyivät 4. kesäkuuta vuonna 1989 Tiananmenin aukiolla Pekingissä, Kiinassa. Kiinassa oltiin siirtymässä sosialistiseen markkinatalouteen. Uudistusmieliset ja vanhoilliset kamppailivat vallasta. Opiskelija-aktivistit tukivat yleensä uudistusmielisiä.", "Keskiajan tekniikka\nRooman valtakunta hajosi vuonna 476 germaanien valtaukseen, ja Eurooppaan muodostui monia valtioita, jotka eivät varsinkaan varhaisella keskiajalla jättäneet jälkeensä niin suurenmoisia esineitä ja kirjoituksia kuin varhaisemmat kulttuurit. Rooman hajoaminen tapahtui vähitellen, ja monet germaanit hankkivat roomalaisen koulutuksen. 200-luvulla Rooman legioonien upseereista puolet oli germaaneja. Kansainvaellusten aikana Euroopan väestö väheni ja talous taantui, mikä vaikeutti tekniikan kehittämistä ja myös olemassa olevan tekniikan ylläpitoa. Rooman aikaiset rakennukset ja tiet alkoivat rappeutua. Germaanit säilyttivät monia roomalaisia instituutioita, kuten roomalaisen oikeuden. Latina säilyi kulttuurikielenä kirkon avulla. Erityisesti Itä-Rooma eli Bysantin valtakunta jatkoi antiikin perinnön vaalimista, ja sillä oli myös yhteyksiä itään. Konstantinopolissa vihittiin 537 Hagia Sofian kirkko, jonka kupoli kohoaa 56 metriä lattiasta. Itä-Rooma oli valtiona oikeauskoinen ja yksivaltiaiden hallitsema, mikä oli jo pysäyttänyt helleenisen kauden tieteellinen kehityksen Aleksandriassa, kun islaminuskoiset valloittivat sen 600-luvulla. Valloittajien haltuun joutui laaja kokoelma antiikin kirjallisuutta, joka päätyi Bagdadiin perustettuun yliopistoon.[1] Välimeren alueen yhtenäisyys päättyi arabien valloitettua Espanjan 700-luvulla. Islamilainen kulttuuri kukoisti 800–900 luvuilla. Bagdadiin syntyi matematiikan koulukunta, jolta periytyvät termit algebra ja algoritmi.[2] Bysantin valtakunta tuhoutui turkkilaisten valloitettua Konstantinopolin vuonna 1453.[3]", "Ištarin portti\nIštarin portti (assyriaksi ܕܵܪܘܲܐܙܲܐ ܕܥܵܐܫܬܲܪ, \"Darwaza D'Ishtar\") oli Babylonin sisemmän kaupungin kahdeksas portti. Nebukadressar II rakennutti sen noin vuonna 575 eaa. kaupungin pohjoispuolelle. ", "Kuninkaanportti\nPorttirakennus on kaksikerroksinen ja sisäänpäin kaareva. Keskellä oleva varsinainen porttikäytävä on reunustettu marmorikivin. 1770-luvulla porttia muutettiin, siihen rakennettiin laskusilta sisä- ja ulkopuolelle. Portin eteen rakennettiin laituri ja porttia kohden nouseva leveä portaikko Tukholman läheltä tuodusta hiekkakivestä. Viaporin pommitus Krimin sodan aikana tuhosi alkuperäisen laiturin ja osan portaita. Suomen itsenäisyyden aikana Kuninkaanporttia on restauroitu neljästi.", "Kiinan muuri\nSuurin osa muurin hyvin säilyneistä osista rakennettiin Ming-dynastian aikana. Suosituimpia käyntikohteita on kunnostettu 1900-luvun loppupuolelta alkaen.[8]", "Karnakin temppeli\nTemppelikompleksin vanhimmat osat rakennettiin Keskivaltakunnan (2055–1650 eaa.) aikana. Uuden valtakunnan kuninkaat laajensivat ja koristelivat Karnakin valtakunnantemppeliä ahkerasti. 18. dynastian perustajat Kamose ja Ahmose pystyttivät sinne muistomerkkejä, ja Amenofis I käynnisti laajennusohjelman, jossa keskivaltakunnan temppeli kunnostettiin, sen ympärille rakennettiin kappelikehä ja 10 metriä korkea portti pystytettiin. Thutmosis I laajensi rakennuksia ja ympäröi alueen kivimuurilla. Thutmosis II lisäsi Amonin temppeliin kolmannen pylonin. Amenofis III lisäsi temppeliin länsipäädyn, Horemheb rakennutti uuden pylonin, ja Seti I:n ja Ramses II:n aikana toteutettiin suuri pylvässali.", "Tavole Palatine\nTemppeli on rakennettu arkaaisen kauden lopulla noin vuonna 520–510 eaa. Sen paikalla on kuitenkin ollut varhaisempi pyhäkkö ja mahdollisesti myös varhaisempi temppeli. Temppeli on tehty yhdessä rakennusvaiheessa, mutta ainakin sen kattoa on kunnostettu myöhemmin 400-luvulla eaa. Temppelin ajoitus perustuu ennen kaikkea sen kapiteelien eli pylväänpäiden tyyliin sekä temppelistä löydettyjen terrakotasta tehtyjen votiiviesineiden ajoitukseen.\nTemppelin rauniot tunnetaan perinteisesti nimellä ”Tavole Palatine” eli ”Ritareiden pöydät”. Votiivilahjojen perusteella temppelin tiedetään nykyisin olleen omistettu Hera-jumalattarelle. Nykyisin rauniot ovat varsinaisen (eli Tarantonlahden alueelle rajatun) Suur-Kreikan parhaiten säilynyt antiikin aikainen muinaisjäänne.", "Themistokleen muuri\nMuuri rakennettiin Ateenan suojaksi Themistokleen johdolla vuonna 479 eaa. välittömästi persialaissotien jälkeen. Sodassa persialaiset olivat tuhonneet koko kaupungin. Muuri rakennettiin kiireellä ja sen rakentamiseen käytettiin jopa Kerameikoksen hautausmaan hautakiviä sekä keskeneräisen Olympieionin temppelin osia. Myöhemmin muurin yhteyteen rakennettiin niin kutsutut Pitkät muurit, jotka johtivat Pireuksen ja Faleronin satamiin ja suojasivat kaupungille elintärkeää yhteyttä merelle.", "Taivaallisen rauhan aukio\nTaivaallisen rauhan aukio (simplified Chinese:天安门广场; traditional Chinese:天安門廣場; pinyin:Tiān’ānmén Guǎngchǎng) eli Tian’anmen-aukio sijaitsee Pekingin keskustassa, Kielletyn kaupungin edessä. Itse asiassa Tian’anmen tarkoittaa Taivaallisen rauhan porttia, itse portti sijaitsee aukion pohjoispuolella ja johtaa keisarilliselle palatsialueelle, Kiellettyyn kaupunkiin. Aukion koko on 880 metriä etelä-pohjoissuuntaan ja 500 metriä itä-länsisuuntaan. Pinta-alaksi tästä tulee yli 440000 neliömetriä, mikä tekee siitä maailman suurimman kaupungin keskustassa sijaitsevan aukion. Aukion pohjoispuolella, Tian’anmenin portin luoteispuolella sijaitsee Zhongshan-puisto, minkä paikalla oli aikaisemmin keisarillinen temppeli. Puisto on nimetty Kiinan ensimmäisen presidentin Sun Zhongshanin (Sun Yat-sen) mukaan. Zhongshan-puiston itäpuolella, Tian’anmenin portin koillispuolella oli myös aikaisemmin keisarillinen temppeli, josta on sittemmin tehty Työläisten kulttuuripalatsi. Aukion eteläpuolella on 前门 (Qiánmén), etuportti.", "Länsimuuri\nMuuri on ollut juutalaisten rukous- ja pyhiinvaelluspaikkana jo vuosisatojen ajan. Nimi Itkumuuri johtuu siitä, että hurskaat juutalaiset surevat sen luona Jerusalemin temppelin hävitystä valittaen ääneen. Varhaisimmat tiedot Länsimuurista palvontapaikkana ovat 1500-luvulta.[1] Aikaisemmin, kun pääsy kaupunkiin oli ollut juutalaisilta kielletty, he olivat kokoontuneet Öljymäelle[1] ja Kidronin laaksoon valittamaan temppelin tuhoa. Suunnilleen 1800-luvun puolivälistä lähtien monet juutalaiset yrittivät tuloksetta hankkia oikeuksia muuriin ja sen lähellä oleviin alueisiin. Kun sionistinen liike nousi 1900-luvun alussa, muurista tuli juutalaisten ja muslimien välinen kiistan aihe, sillä jälkimmäiset olivat huolissaan siitä, että muuria voitaisiin käyttää tukemaan juutalaisten vaatimuksia Temppelivuoreen ja siten Jerusalemiin. Siihen aikaan muurin luona puhkesi usein väkivaltaisuuksia, vakavimmat vuonna 1929. Israelin itsenäisyyssodan jälkeen Jerusalemin itäosa, johon sisältyi myös vanhakaupunki kokonaisuudessaan, joutui Jordanian hallintaan. Jordania karkotti juutalaiset Jerusalemin vanhastakaupungista, myös juutalaiskorttelista, eikä heillä seuraavien 19 vuoden aikana ollut sinne pääsyä, minkä vuoksi he eivät myöskään voineet rukoilla Länsimuurilla. Tämä kausi päättyi kuuden päivän sodan aikana 10. kesäkuuta 1967, jolloin Israel valloitti Jerusalemin vanhankaupungin. Kolme päivää valtauksen jälkeen israelilaiset purkivat muurin välittömässä läheisyydessä sijainneen marokkolaiskorttelin voidakseen rakentaa sen edustalle nykyisen laajuisen Länsimuurin aukion.[2] Aukiosta on tullut Israelin kansallisten seremonioiden päänäyttämö.[3]", "Kuninkaanportti\nSe rakennettiin alun perin 1753–1754 paikalle, jolle silloinen Ruotsin kuningas Aadolf Fredrik oli kiinnittänyt laivansa tullessaan tarkkailemaan linnoituksen rakennustöitä vuonna 1752. Tästä tuli nimi Kuninkaanportti.", "Dunfermlinen palatsi\nKun vuodesta 1488 alkaen hallinnut kuningas Jaakko VI rakennutti palatsin uudelleen vuonna 1500, se sijoitettiin luostarikirkon yhteyteen. Palatsi yhdistettiin kiinteästi luostarin rakennuksiin holvatun porttikaaren yläpuolelle rakennetulla porttitalolla, joka on edelleen jäljellä. Sotaisten vuosien jälkeen luostarin kehitys jatkui rauhassa, kunnes reformaatio nousi Skotlannissa 1560. Silloin lähes 500 vuotta toiminut uskonnollinen yhteisö loppui munkkien jättäessä luostarin.", "Akropolis (Ateena)\nPersialaissotien jälkeen Akropoliin linnoitusta vahvistettiin pohjoislaidan niin kutsutulla Themistokleen rakennuttamalla muurilla ja etelälaidan Kimonin muurilla. Nämä muodostavat pääosan nykyisinkin näkyvistä muureista. Linnoittamisessa käytettiin linnavuoren tuhoutuneiden temppelien osia. Uuden Athenen temppelin eli nykyisen Parthenonin rakentaminen alkoi vasta Perikleen kaudella vuonna 447 eaa., kun Deloksen meriliiton rahavarat oli siirretty Delokselta Akropoliille ja kukkulasta tuli liiton keskus. Parthenon valmistui vuonna 438 eaa. Kokonaisuudessaan suuri Akropoliin rakennusprojekti kesti koko 400-luvun eaa. jälkimmäisen puoliskon, ja siihen kuuluivat Parthenonin ohella myös uusi suurempi Propylaia (437–432 eaa.), Athene Niken temppeli (435–420 eaa.) sekä Erekhtheion (421–406 eaa.). Samaa aikakautta pidetään myös koko Ateenan kulta-aikana. Mukana rakennustöissä olivat muun muassa kuvanveistäjä Feidias sekä arkkitehdit Iktinos, Kallikrates ja Mnesikles.[1][2][3][6]", "Alcobaçan luostari\nLuostarin niin sanottu hiljaisuuden ristikäytävä on arkkitehtoninen mestariteos, tyyliltään hillityn sopusointuinen. Sen on teettänyt kuningas Dinis I 1300-luvun alussa. Luostarin keittiön valtavat takkajärjestelmät ovat 1700-luvulta. Keittiöjärjestelmään kuului myös juokseva vesi, joka saatiin ohjaamalla joen vettä kanavan avulla luostarin sisätiloihin.", "Abusirin pyramidit\nAbusirin pyramidit (Abu Sirin pyramidit) ovat Egyptin viidennen dynastian aikana rakennettuja pyramideja, jotka sijaitsevat Abusirissa Gizan ja Sakkaran välillä. Faaraot Niuserre, Neferirkare ja Sahure rakennuttivat ne. Pyramidit ovat huonommin rakennettuja kuin muut Egyptissä eikä niitä ole korjattu. Alueella on muiden faaraoiden rakennuttamia auringon jumala Ralle omistettuja pyhäkköjä ja obeliskeja. Kolmen suurimman pyramidin muodostaman suoran linjan uskotaan osoittaneen Heliopoliin kaupunkiin, joka oli aurinkokultin keskus.", "Saint-Germain-des-Prés’n luostari\nKirkon ympärille syntyi keskiajalla Saint-Germain-des-Prés’n luostari, jonka on sanottu olleen kuin kaupunki kaupungissa. Normannit hävittivät luostarin ainakin neljä kertaa hyökkäystensä yhteydessä. Luostari linnoitettiin järeästi normannien hyökkäysten jälkeen, sillä se sijaitsi Pariisin kaupunginmuurien ulkopuolella. Luostari rakennettiin uudelleen kirkon ympärille 1200-luvun aikana. Arkkitehti Pierre de Montreuil suunnitteli Sainte-Chapellen innoittaman pyhän neitsyen kappelin. Nykypäivään on kuitenkin säilynyt vain kirkon vieressä sijaitseva punatiilinen apotin palatsi, joka rakennettiin vuonna 1586 kardinaaliapotti Kaarle II Bourbonille. Se toimi yli kahdensadan vuoden ajan luostarin apottien virka-asuntona.", "Maailman seitsemän ihmettä\nAleksanteri Suuren perustettua hellenistisen imperiumin 300-luvulla eaa. kreikkalaiset pystyivät vertailemaan laajan alueen monumentteja toisiinsa. Luettelon muotoutumisessa tärkeintä aikaa oli luultavimmin 30 vuoden jakso Faroksen majakan rakentamisen 200-luvun puolivälissä eaa. ja Rodoksen kolossin romahtamisen 226 eaa. välillä, jolloin kaikki ihmeet olivat yhtä aikaa pystyssä. Silloin kyreneläinen Kallimakhos, joka oli korkeassa asemassa Aleksandrian kirjastossa, kirjoitti teoksensa \"Kokoelma maailman maiden ihmeistä\", joka ei ole kuitenkaan säilynyt. Tunnetuimman listan ihmeistä esitti kreikkalainen arkkitehti Filon Bysanttilainen joskus 200-luvulla eaa.. Varhaisimman seitsemän ihmeen luettelon kirjoitti kreikkalainen runoilija Antipatros Sidonlainen sata vuotta Kallimakhoksen kuoleman jälkeen. Siinä oli nykyisten ihmeiden lisäksi Babylonin muurit, mutta Faroksen majakka vielä puuttui.", "Taivaan pilarit (televisiosarja)\nTarinan tapahtumat sijoittuvat 1100-luvun Englantiin, jossa käytiin sisällissotaa vuosina 1135–1153. Koko yhteiskunta romahti tästä valtariidasta alkaneesta sodasta. Tarina kertoo kuvitteellisesta Kingsbridgen kaupungista, jossa rakennetaan katedraalia.", "Sergiusten riemukaari\nSergiusten riemukaari (, ) on kroatialaisessa Pulan kaupungissa sijaitseva antiikinaikainen riemukaari. Kaari on kahdeksan metriä korkea ja sen rakennutti Salvia Postuma Sergia Aktionin taistelun jälkeen muistomerkiksi kolmelle veljelleen noin 30 eaa. Alun perin kaari toimi kaupungin pääporttina aina vuoteen 1829 saakka ja on siksi koristeltu vain yhdeltä puolelta. Nykyään portti lasketaan kultaiseksi portiksi. Portin läpi on kulkenut aikanaan Via Flavia Aquilejasta ja Triestistä kaupungin pääaukiolle. ", "Akragas\nHerakleelle omistetuksi oletettu temppeli sijaitsee hieman lännempänä lähellä Kultaiseksi portiksi kutsuttua kaupunginmuurin pääporttia ja kaupungin agoraa. Se on Akragaan temppeleistä varhaisin ja rakennettu arkaaisella kaudella 500-luvun eaa. loppupuolella. Temppeli edusti doorilaista tyyliä. Siinä oli 6 x 15 pylvästä ja sen koko oli noin 25,3 x 67 metriä. Cicero mainitsee temppelin ja ylisti sen kulttipatsaan kauneutta.\nOlympoksen Zeuksen temppeli", "Kultainen portti\nAlun perin nimitystä Porte Aurea käyttivät roomalaiset. Myöhemmin bysanttilaisena aikana nimellä tarkoitettiin Konstantinopolin läntisen kaupunginmuurin aikoinaan suurinta, lähellä muurin Marmaranmeren-puoleista päätä sijainnutta porttia, jonka läpi keisari kulki voitetun taistelun jälkeen. Portin ympärille rakennettiin myöhemmin Jedikulen linnoitus, ja alkuperäinen portti on muurattu umpeen.", "Minolainen kulttuuri\nKeskiminolaiseksi kaudeksi (MM) luetaan noin vuodet 2100–1750 eaa. ja myöhäisminolaiseksi kaudeksi (LM) noin vuodet 1750–1100 eaa. Keskiminolaisen kauden alkupuolella noin 1950 eaa. rakennettiin ensimmäiset minolaiset palatsit, mistä alkaa ensimmäinen palatsikausi eli niin kutsuttu protopalatsikausi tai vanha palatsikausi. Ensimmäisenä rakennettiin Knossoksen palatsi varhaisemman asutuksen paikalle noin 1900 eaa. Hieman myöhemmin rakennettiin Faistoksen, Málian, Káto Zákroksen ja Archánesin ensimmäiset palatsit.[10] Näihin aikoihin asutuskeskuksia ei yleensä linnoitettu.[1]", "Akragas\nOlympoksen Zeukselle omistettu temppeli eli Olympieion sijaitsi myös Kultaisen portin lähellä. Sen rakentaminen aloitettiin Himeran taistelun vuonna 480 eaa. jälkeen, ja se oli edelleen keskeneräinen karthagolaisten tuhottua kaupungin vuonna 406 eaa. Se myös jäi keskeneräiseksi. Temppeli edusti doorilaista tyyliä, mutta sen arkkitehtuuri oli hyvin poikkeuksellinen. Tyypillisen pylväikön sijasta sitä kiersi seinä, jossa oli 7 x 14 puolipylvästä. Seinän yläosassa kunkin puolipylvään välissä oli noin 7,65 metriä korkeat telamon- tai atlanttipatsaat. Muu veistoskoristelu esitti gigantomakhiaa ja Troijan kukistumista. Temppelin koko oli noin 56,3 x 112,6 metriä, mikä tekee siitä kreikkalaisen maailman suurimman doorilaisen temppelin ja myös yhden kaikista suurimmista temppeleistä. Temppelin itäpuolella sijaitsi sen suurikokoinen, noin 17,5 x 54,5 metriä kooltaan ollut alttari.", "Pronssikausi\nPronssikausi oli esihistorian aikakausi, jolloin pääasiallinen metalli aseiden ja työkalujen valmistamisessa oli pronssi. Pronssia alettiin valmistaa Lähi-idässä noin 3700 eaa., josta taito levisi Eurooppaan noin 3300 eaa. Pronssikautta edelsi kalkoliittinen kausi ja sitä seurasi rautakausi.[1]", "Theba (Kreikka)\nAntiiki aikana Kadmeialla oli vanhan palatsin paikan lisäksi muun muassa Dionysokselle omistettu pyhäkkö. Yläkaupungissa sijaitsi myös muun muassa runoilija Pindaroksen talo. Kadmeian muurissa oli seitsemän porttia: Borrheai pohjoisessa, Proitides ja Homoloides idässä, Elektra ja Onka etelässä, sekä Kreneai ja Neistai lännessä. Elektra-portilla oli kaksi pyöreää 300-luvulla eaa. rakennettua tornia. Toinen muuri ympäröi koko kaupungin Kadmeia mukaan lukien.[3]", "Länsirannan turva-aita\nAidan rakentaminen alkoi vuonna 2002 palestiinalaisten kansannousun eli toisen intifadan aikaan. Israelin pääministeri Ariel Sharon antoi rakennusmääräyksen suojatakseen aidan avulla Israelia palestiinalaisilta itsemurhapommittajilta. Israelissa muuri nähtiin myös tarpeellisena rajana Israelin ja Palestiinan välillä.", "Mandalayn Kultainen palatsi\nMandalayn Kultainen palatsi rakennettiin perinteisten kosmologisten sääntöjen mukaisesti itä-länsi-akselille. Itää pidettiin arvokkaimpana kohtana, jossa sijaitsi kuninkaan valtaistuinhalli. Valtaistuinhallissa sijaitsi kuninkaan Leijonavaltaistuin. Leijonavaltaistuin siirrettiin vuonna 1902 Kalkuttaan, josta se palautettiin Burmaan vuonna 1948. Alkuperäinen Leijonavaltaistuin on nykyisin Myanmarin kansallismuseon kokoelmissa Yangonissa. Eri valtaistuinhallien muodostamalla kokonaisuudella oli pituutta 150 metriä. Valtaistuinsalin yläpuolella kohosi 72 metriä korkea alunperin puinen ylöspäin pienenevä pyatthat-torni, jota pidettiin pyhyyden ja maailmankaikkeuden keskipisteen symbolina. Valtaistuinhallien ympärillä oli muita palatseja, jotka rakentuivat hindulaisen eläinradan mukaan. Kuninkaan vaimojen palatsit oli ryhmitelty vaimojen arvon mukaan keskuksesta ulospäin. Palatsialueeseen kuului palatsien lisäksi teatteri, paviljonkeja, hallinnollisia rakennuksia ja puistoja. Rakennukset oli alun perin valmistettu teak-puusta ja ne oli koristeltu kaiverruksin ja mosaiikein. Alkuperäisestä puisesta arkkitehtuurista nykypäiviin on säilynyt varsinaisen palatsialueen ulkopuolella sijainnut Shwenandawin luostari. Rakennus kuului alun perin palatsien kokonaisuuteen, mutta luostariksi sen lahjoitti Burman viimeinen kuningas Thibaw.", "Kaarlensilta\nKaarlensillan rakentaminen aloitettiin vuonna 1357 kuningas Kaarle IV:n aikana. Rakentamista johti arkkitehti Peter Parler, jonka muihin töihin kuuluu esimerkiksi Pyhän Vituksen katedraali Prahan linnassa. On sanottu, että muurauslaastiin sekoitettiin kananmunankeltuaisia vahvistamaan sillan rakennetta.", "Kultainen portti\nKeskiajalla venäläiset suurruhtinaat rakensivat kaupunkeihinsa näyttäviä kaupunginportteja, joita nimitettiin Bysantin mallin mukaisesti kultaisiksi porteiksi.", "Luxorin temppeli\n19. dynastian Ramses II:n rakennuttaman porttipylonin edustalla on jäljellä kolme Ramses II:n alkuperäisestä kuudesta patsaasta ja toinen kahdesta alkuperäisestä obeliskista. Toinen obeliski lahjoitettiin Ranskalle, ja se on nykyisin Pariisissa Place de la Concorde -aukiolla. Porttien jälkeen on Ramses II:n piha, sitten pylväikkö, 18. dynastian Amenofis III:n piha, ja eteläpäädyssä useita pienempiä saleja. Temppelialueelle oli rakennettu ensimmäinen temppeli viimeistään Thutmosisten aikana. Jotkin sen vanhimmista kivistä ovat Hatšepsutin ajalta. Amenofis III rakennutti oman rakennuksensa Thutmosiksen temppelin tilalle. Myöhemmin Ramses II rakennutti temppeliin oman suuren kolossaalipatsaiden reunustaman pihansa (57 × 51 metriä), jonka pylväikkö yhdistää Amenofis III:n rakennukseen. Sen pituusakseli on hiukan vinossa vanhempiin rakennuksiin nähden, sillä se kohdistettiin Karnakin temppeliin, ja sen poikkiakseli kohdistettiin joen länsirannan kuolintemppeleihin.", "Bysantin valtakunta\nBysanttilainen taide oli konservatiivista ja kunnioitti perinteitä. Kuvariitojen jälkeen maalaustaide kaavamaistui. Bysantin viimeisinä vuosisatoina korkeatasoista taidetta luotiin jälleen Konstantinopolin ulkopuolellakin. Länsimainen vaikutus lisääntyi ja taide sai monipuolisempia muotoja.[19] Erittäin huomattavia ovat käsikirjoituksia koristavat miniatyyrit. Rakennustaiteen tärkeimmät muistomerkit ovat Hagia Sofia eli Pyhän viisauden kirkko Konstantinopolissa (rakennettu 532–537), joka oli läpi keskiajan kristikunnan suurin kirkko, sekä Basilica di San Marco Venetsiassa. Bysanttilainen taide elää edelleen ortodoksisen kirkon kirkkotaiteessa.", "Bysantin arkkitehtuuri\nVuosina 330–1450 kehittyneen tyylin tunnetuin rakennustaiteen luomus on yli 50 metriä korkea, 500-luvulla Anthemios Tralleislaisen ja Isidoros Miletoslaisen rakentama Hagia Sofia -kirkko (532–537) Istanbulissa. Tämä kirkkorakennus oli mahtavine kupukattoineen 500-luvun suurin rakennusihme, jonka vihkiäistilaisuudessa kirkon rakennuttaja keisari Justinianuksen sanotaan lausuneen: ”Salomo, olen voittanut sinut!”. Myös aikaisemmin ennen Bysantin kulttuurikautta kupoleja ja holvikattoa oli käytetty kuvaamaan taivaankantta. Kirkon pohjakaavana on neliön sisään piirretty risti. Ristivarsien leikkauskohdan yläpuolella on valtava kupoli, joka ikään kuin leijuu ilmassa ilman tukea. Vaikutelma tulee siitä, että kupolia tukevat niin sanotut pendentiivit, joista paino siirtyy katsojalta piilossa olevien holvien, pylväiden ja seinien tukijärjestelmään.", "Mesopotamian taide\nNebukadressar II:n aikana Babylonin kaupunki rakennettiin takaisin entiseen loistoonsa. Tänä valtakunnan viimeisenä kukoistuskautena Babyloniassa oli 53 temppeliä, joista komein oli ylijumala Mardukin pyhäkkö Esangila. Yksi muurin porteista on myöhemmin 1900-luvulla rekonstruoitu, nimittäin Ishtarin portti, jonka tiiliseiniä koristivat friisit. Portti oli tehty poltetuista ja kiiltävistä tiilistä, joissa oli käytetty sinistä lapis lazuli -jauhetta. Koristeena oli eläimiä ja kukkafriisejä. Eläimet olivat alun perin punaisia, mutta hapettuminen muutti niiden värin. Portissa oli kaksi tornia, joiden huippu oli hammaslaitainen, kuten kaupungin muuritkin.", "Ateena\nPersialaiset lyötiin lopullisesti Plataian taistelussa 479 eaa. Sen jälkeen Ateena jälleenrakennettiin. Klassisen antiikin aikana Ateena oli merkittävin kreikkalainen kaupunki ja koko kreikkalaisen maailman kulttuurin ja kaupankäynnin keskus. Kaupunkiin rakennettiin myös suuri kaupunginmuuri, Themistokleen muuri, sekä myöhemmin Pireuksen satamakaupunkiin ulottuvat niin kutsutut Pitkät muurit.[4] Ateena perusti niin sanotun Deloksen meriliiton, johon kuului suurin osa Aigeianmeren saarista. Seuraavien vuosikymmenien aikana liitosta muodostui Ateenan imperiumi ja muista liiton jäsenistä tuli Ateenan alamaisia. Tuon ajan merkittävin johtaja oli Perikles. Akropoliin suuret rakennushankkeet, mukaan lukien Parthenon, toteutettiin 447–425 eaa.[4]", "Juppiter Optimus Maximuksen temppeli\nPerimätiedon mukaan Rooman kuningas Tarquinius Priscus määräsi temppelin rakennustyöt aloitettavaksi. Se oli lähes valmis viimeisen kuninkaan Tarquinius Superbuksen aikana. Temppeli vihittiin käyttöönsä 13. syyskuuta vuonna 509 eaa., joka oli Rooman tasavallan ensimmäinen vuosi.[1]", "Rauhankappeli\nRauhankappeli eli Resvoin kappeli oli vuosina 1913–1920 Helsingin Katajanokalla Uspenskin katedraalin tontilla sijainnut ortodoksinen kappeli. Rauhankappeli pystytettiin Romanovien hallitsijasuvun vallassaolon 300-vuotisjuhlan ja vuonna 1809 solmitun Haminan rauhan eli Suomen Venäjän keisarikuntaan liittämisen 100-vuotisjuhlan kunniaksi. Kappelin juhlalliset vihkiäiset sotilasparaateineen ja jumalanpalveluksineen olivat 27. lokakuuta 1913. Kappelin rakennustyö oli rahoitettu venäläisten toimeenpanemalla kansalaiskeräyksellä. Suomessa kappelia pidettiin Venäjän sortopolitiikan symbolina ja se rakennettiinkin ilman suomalaisten viranomaisten lupaa. Kappelin suunnittelusta oli järjestetty arkkitehtikilpailu, mutta rakennusta ei kuitenkaan toteutettu kilpailun voittaneen suunnitelman mukaisesti. Sen sijaan se toteutettiin venäläiseltä professori L. P. Šiškolta tilatun suunnitelman mukaisesti ja myös kappelin rakennustyöt tehtiin venäläisin voimin.", "Vanha valtakunta\nVanha valtakunta oli egyptiläisen kulttuurin ensimmäinen suuri kukoistuskausi. Sen aikana faaraon mahti oli suurimmillaan, ja auringonjumala Ran pojaksi kutsutut faaraot rakennuttivat itselleen kivestä tehtyjä valtavia monumentteja, temppeleitä ja pyramideja. Kolmannen dynastian faarao Djoserin rakennuttama Sakkaran porraspyramidi oli ensimmäinen monumentaalinen kivirakennus. Suurimpien pyramidien rakentajia olivat neljännen dynastian Khufu (kreikaksi Kheops), Khafre ja Menkaure. Heidän rakennuttamiensa Gizan pyramidien juurelle louhittiin myös kalliosta ihmispäistä leijonaa esittävä sfinksi.", "Porta Nigra\nPorta Nigra (latinaa: ’musta portti’) on Trierin kaupungissa Saksassa sijaitseva roomalaisaikainen kaupunginportti, joka rakennettiin vuosina 180–200 osaksi \"Augusta Treverorumin\" linnoitusjärjestelmää. Keskiajalla portti muutettiin kirkoksi, mikä pelasti sen tuholta, sillä Trierin kolme muuta antiikkista kaupunginporttia purettiin ja niiden materiaali käytettiin kaupungin uudisrakennuksiin. 1800-luvun alussa Porta Nigra palautettiin kaupungin vallanneen Napoleonin aloitteesta takaisin antiikinaikaiseen asuunsa, ja sen ympärille kasvanut Pyhän Simeonin kirkko purettiin. Nykyään Porta Nigra on osa Unescon maailmanperintökohdetta ja Trierin suosituimpia matkailunähtävyyksiä.", "Sungnyemun\nSungnyemun (laadun kunnioittamisen portti) tai Namdaemun (suuri eteläinen portti) on historiallinen kaupunginportti Soulin keskustassa Etelä-Koreassa. Portti oli aikoinaan osa kaupungin muuria, jota käytettiin suojaamaan kaupunkia koreantiikereiltä, jotka ovat aikoja sitten kadonneet alueelta. Portti on rakennettu vuosina 1395–1398, ja se oli Soulin vanhin säilynyt puurakennus. Sen puuosa, portin päällä ollut halli, tuhoutui tulipalossa 10. helmikuuta 2008. Sungnyemun oli viralliselta statukseltaan Etelä-Korean ensimmäinen kansallisaarre.", "Leijonaportti\nLeijonaportti on peräisin 1300-luvulta eaa., ja se on saanut nimensä kolmionmallisesta leijonareliefistä, joka on veistetty portin päälle. Reliefi on Euroopan vanhin säilynyt kivestä hakattu veistos, ja siinä kuvataan kahta vastakkain seisovaa leijonaa.", "Nikiaan muistomerkki\nNikiaan muistomerkki oli antiikin aikainen muistomerkki Ateenan Akropolis-kukkulan etelärinteellä Kreikassa. Se rakennettiin Nikiaan Nikodemoksen pojan johtaman khoroksen Dionysia-juhlan näytelmäkilpailussa vuonna 320/319 eaa. saavuttaman voiton kunniaksi.\nMuistomerkki sijaitsi Dionysoksen teatterin länsipuolella ja myöhemmin rakennetun Eumeneen stoan itäpäässä. Se muistutti arkkitehtuuriltaan pientä kreikkalaista temppeliä ja edusti doorilaista tyyliä. Sen julkisivussa oli kuusi pylvästä. Myöhäisen antiikin ajalla 200-luvulla jaa. rakennus purettiin ja suuri osa sen rakenneosista käytettiin Akropoliin länsipään uuden, niin kutsutun Beulén portin rakentamiseen. Portissa on edelleen nähtävissä muistomerkissä olleita piirtokirjoituksia. Myös muistomerkin alkuperäisen sijaintipaikan lähistöltä on löydetty joukko siihen kuuluneita rakennosia.", "Bysantin taide\nKuuluisin rakennus on Anthemios Tralleislaisen ja Isidoros Miletoslaisen rakentama, Justinianuksen rakennuttama Hagia Sofian kirkkorakennus (532–537) Istanbulissa., joka oli mahtavine kupukattoineen 500-luvun suurin rakennusihme. \"Salomo, olen voittanut sinut!\" kerrotaan keisari Justinianuksen huudahtaneen kirkkoa vihkiessään. Jo ennen Bysantin kulttuurikautta kupoleja ja holvikattoa oli käytetty taivaankannen vertauskuvana.\nKirkon pohjakaava on neliön sisään piirretty risti. Ristivarsien leikkauskohdan yläpuolella on valtava kupoli, joka vaikuttaa ikään kuin leijuvan ilmassa ilman tukea. Vaikutelma johtuu siitä, että kupoli on niin sanottujen pendentiivien varassa, joista paino tukeutuu – katsojalta näkymättömissä olevien – holvien, pylväiden ja seinien tukijärjestelmään.", "Olympia (Kreikka)\nHuippukautensa Olympia saavutti klassisella kaudella 400-luvulla eaa. Suuri Zeuksen temppeli rakennettiin noin vuosina 470–456 eaa. Feidias veisti temppeliin suuren istuvaa Zeusta esittävän kuvapatsaan, joka luettiin myöhemmin yhdeksi maailman seitsemästä ihmeestä. Suurtyötä varten alueen laidalle rakennettiin ensin niin kutsuttu Feidiaan työpaja.[1][2] Stadionia laajennettiin ja sitä siirrettiin pyhäkköalueen kasvaessa kahdesti itään päin 400- ja 300-luvuilla eaa.[3] 400-luvulla alueelle rakennettiin myös muun muassa uusi Prytaneion sekä ensimmäinen kylpylä.[1] Alueella toimi parhaimmillaan jopa neljä eri oraakkelia.[2]", "Porraspyramidi\nEgyptin ensimmäiset pyramidit olivat porraspyramideja. Aiemmin Egyptin kuninkaat oli haudattu mastaboihin, jotka olivat penkin muotoisia kumpuja. Porraspyramidit syntyivät kun mastaboja alettiin rakentaa toistensa päälle. Varhaisimman pyramidin, Sakkaran porraspyramidin rakennutti vanhan valtakunnan aikaisen kolmannen dynastian faarao Djoser 2600-luvulla eaa. Djoserin seuraajan Sekhemkhetin porraspyramidi jäi keskeneräiseksi, eikä häntä ilmeisesti ollut haudattu siihen. Myös seuraavat faaraot Khaba ja Huni rakensivat omat porraspyramidinsa. Sen jälkeen pyramidien sivuista alettiin tehdä sileitä kattamalla ne katekivillä.", "Haghpat\nHarhpatinin luostari perustettiin kuningas Abas I:n aikana. Pieni Pyhän Ristin (Sourb Nshan) kirkko, jonka rakentamien aloitettiin 966-967 on kokonaisuuden vanhin rakennus. Luostarin pääkirkon kustantamiseen on osallistuivat prinssi Khutulukhaga, prinssit Smbat ja Kurike sekä kuningatar Khosrvanuch, kuningas Ashot III Armollisen (Աշոտ Գ. Ողորմած) puoliso. Luostari rakennettiin tietoisesti mäenrinteen puolivälin tasangolle. Suurin kirkko on Pyhän Ristin katedraali (Sourb Nshan) , jonka rakentaminen aloitettiin noin vuonna 976, ja joka valmistui 991 kuningas Smbatin aikana. 1100-luvulla kirkkoon rakennettiin mahtava kellotorni, luostari sai kirjaston ja ruokalan. Erillisen Sourp Astvatzatzinin (Jumalanäidin) kappelin akustiikka todetaan upeaksi.", "Thasos (antiikin kaupunki)\nKaupunginmuurit tunnetaan parhaiten niiden vuonna 411 eaa. rakennetusta vaiheesta. Muurien kokonaispituus oli noin neljä kilometriä, ja ne ympäröivät kaupungin kauttaaltaan, myös meren ja sotasataman puolelta. Muurit ovat säilyneet parhaiten akropoliin lounaisrinteessä, missä niitä on pystyssä jopa viiden metrin korkeudelta. Kyseisellä osuudella muurissa oli kymmenen tornia, joista suurin osa suojasi jotakin porttia. Osalle on annettu nimet niitä koristaneiden reliefien tai muiden paikalta tehtyjen löytöjen perusteella: Torni/portti I tunnetaan Sotaan tornina, torni II Zeuksen ja Heran tornina, torni V Herakleen tornina, torni VII Sileenin tornina ja torni IX Parmenonin tornina. Meren puolella kauppasatamaan johtivat niin kutsutut Hermeen portti ja mahdollisesti Artemista esittävästä kuvasta nimensä saanut Jumalatarportti.", "Kesäpalatsi (Peking)\nEnsimmäinen palatsi alueelle rakennettiin Jin-dynastian alkuaikoina. Qing-dynastian aikana vuonna 1750 palatsi uudelleenrakennettiin ja uudelleennimettiin. Britannian ja Ranskan joukot tuhosivat sen toisen oopiumisodan päätteeksi 1860, mutta leskikeisarinna Cixi rakennutti sen jälleen 1888 30 miljoonan hopeataalerin hinnalla. Rahat oli tarkoitettu Kiinan laivaston uusimiseen, ja niiden käyttö palatsin rakentamiseen onkin selkeä esimerkki Qing-dynastian loppuaikojen korruptiosta. Uudelleenrakentaminen kesti noin vuoden, minkä päätteeksi Cixi antoi palatsille sen nykyisen nimen: Rauhan ja harmonian puutarha.", "Suurten jumalten pyhäkkö\nPropylon eli Ptolemaion (numero 20) oli monumentaaliportti, joka sijaitsi alueen itälaidalla. Sen oli lahjoittanut Ptolemaios II ja se oli rakennettu noin vuonna 285–281 eaa. Se toimi alueen pääporttina, kun sinne tultiin itäpuolella sijainneesta Samothraken kaupungista. Myös toinen alueen vesivirroista oli kanavoitu sen läpi. Propylon edusti joonialaista tyyliä.", "Salomon temppeli\nSalomon temppeli (, \"Beit HaMikdash\") eli Jerusalemin ensimmäinen temppeli, Raamatussa myös \"Herran temppeli\", oli Raamatun mukaan Jerusalemin ensimmäinen juutalainen pyhäkkö. Raamatun mukaan sen rakennutti kuningas Salomo, ja se korvasi Mooseksen rakennuttaman Ilmestysmajan. Babylonialaiset tuhosivat sen vuonna 586 eaa. Jälleenrakennettua temppeliä, joka valmistui vuonna 516 eaa. ja tuhoutui vuonna 70 jaa., kutsutaan nimellä Jerusalemin toinen temppeli. Salomon temppelin rakentamisen tarkat ohjeet on 1. Aik. mukaan annettu ensin Daavidille ja hän on puolestaan luovuttanut ne Salomolle.[1]", "Mykene\nMuurien pääportti, niin kutsuttu Leijonaportti, sijaitsee linnavuoren lounaislaidalla. Se on nimetty kahden leijonan mukaan, joiden reliefit on veistetty portin sisäänkäynnin päällä olevaan koristekolmioon. Leijonat symboloivat oletettavasti Mykenen kuninkaiden valtaa. Leijonaportti on rakennettu muurien ensimmäisessä laajennusvaiheessa vuoden 1250 eaa. paikkeilla. Muurin itäpäässä on kolme pienempää porttia, niin kutsutut pohjoisportti, kaakkoisportti ja koillisportti.\nPalatsi", "Kahdentoista jumalan alttari\nAlttari rakennettiin arkaaisella kaudella noin vuonna 550–500 eaa. Sen rakennuttaja oli Peisistratos nuorempi, joka oli tyranni Peisistratoksen pojanpoika. Alttari oli Ateenan vanhimpia ja keskeisimpiä uskonnollisia rakennuksia. Se toimi samalla kaupungin virallisena keskipisteenä, josta mitattiin etäisyydet kaikkiin muihin paikkoihin. Alttari tuhoutui osittain persialaissodissa vuosina 480–479 eaa. ja se rakennettiin uudestaan vasta 400-luvun eaa. loppupuolella. Merkityksensä vuoksi alttari tunnetaan hyvin antiikin kirjallisista lähteistä.", "Kielletty kaupunki\nAlueen merkittävimpiä rakennuksia ovat eteläinen sisäänkäynti Keskipäivän portti (Wu), Ylimmän harmonian halli (Taihedian) sekä keisarillinen puutarha (Yuhuayuan). Keskipäivän portti on 38 metriä korkea ja yksi alueen korkeimmista rakennuksista, ja sen alkuperäisiä tarkoituksia oli olla keisarin julistusten ja esiintymisten taustana. Portin takana on 140 × 210 metrin laajuinen piha, jonka halki virtaa Kultainen joki. Joen ylittää viisi marmorista siltaa, jotka johtavat Ylimmän harmonian portille. Portin pohjoispuolella on ulompi sisäpiha, joka on Kielletyn kaupungin sydämessä. Siellä on kolmen hallintorakennuksen reunustama tasanne ja suuri aukio. Tämä alue on noin kolmen hehtaarin laajuinen. Sen vierellä on Ylimmän harmonian halli, jossa on keisarin valtaistuin. Salin pinta-ala on 64 × 37 metriä, ja se yhtä korkea kuin Keskipäivän portti. Ylimmän harmonian halli on suurin Kielletyn kaupungin yksittäisistä rakennuksista. Se oli arvokkain valtaistuinsali, jota käytettiin suurissa juhlissa. Hallin pohjoispuolella oleva pienempi paviljonki, Täydellisen sopusoinnun halli, oli keisarin käytössä esimerkiksi hänen valmistautuessaan vastaanottoihin. Kolmas pääpalatsi on Sopusoinnun säilyttämisen halli, jota käytettiin suurvasallien vastaanottamiseen ja muihin suuriin banketteihin.", "Beulén portti\nBeulén portti on antiikin aikainen portti Ateenan Akropolis-kukkulalla Kreikassa. Se rakennettiin 200-luvun jaa. jälkimmäisellä puoliskolla vuonna 267 tapahtuneen, Ateenaa laajalti tuhonneen herulien hyökkäyksen jälkeen.\nErään tiedon mukaan portin rakennutti F. Septimus Marcellinus vuonna 280. Se oli osa uutta Akropoliin länsiosan suojannutta linnoitusmuuria. Portti on saanut nimensä ranskalaisesta arkeologista Charles Ernest Beulésta, joka tutki portin aluetta vuonna 1852. Portti toimii edelleen Akropoliin porttina, yleensä vierailijoiden uloskäyntinä.", "Länsimuuri\nAhimaazin kronikassa vuodelta 1050 kuvaillaan Länsimuuria kuutalaisten rukouspaikkana. Noin vuonna 1167, ristiretkiajan lopulla, Benjamin Tudelalainen kirjoitti: \"Tämän paikan edessä on länsimuuti, yksi Kaikkein pyhimmän muureista. Tätä sanotaan Armon portiksi, ja tänne tulevat kaikki juutalaiset rukoilemaan muurin edessä ulkoilmassa.\"[134] \"Järjestetyt rukoukset\" mainitsi ensimmäisenä vuonna 1625 muuan kirjoittaja, jonka nimeä ei tunneta.[31] Toora-kääröt tuotiin paikalle toisinaan yleisen hädän tai onnettomuuksien aikana, kuten Jerusalemissa vuonna 1699 käyneen rabbi Gedaliah Semitizin kuvaus osoittaa.", "Pontedera\nKulttuurialueelleen tyypillisesti Pontederassa on lukuisia uskonnollisia rakennuksia ja palatseja. Uusklassinen duomo di Pontedera (Propositura dei Santi Jacopo e Filippo) rakennettiin vuosina 1840–1864. La chiesa del Santissimo Crocifisso rakennettiin 1270-luvulla ja uusittiin täysin 1600–1700-luvuilla. Pontederassa sijaitsee teollinen museo Museo Piaggio Giovanni Alberto Agnelli. Valkoisesta marmorista rakennettu silta, Il ponte napoleonico, tuhottiin toisessa maailmansodassa, mutta jälleenrakennettiin sodan jälkeen entisenkaltaisena.", "Pähkinäsaaren rauha\nPähkinäsaaren rauha on Ruotsin alaikäistä kuningas Maunu Eerikinpoikaa ohjanneen holhoojahallituksen ja Novgorodin tasavallan välillä 12. elokuuta 1323 solmittu rauhansopimus. Sopimus sai nimensä solmimispaikastaan, Pähkinälinnan (, ) linnoituksesta, joka sijaitsee Laatokan Pähkinäsaaressa Nevajoen niskassa.[3] Pähkinäsaaren rauhan raja oli voimassa 272 vuotta aina Täyssinän rauhaan saakka.[4]", "Konstantinopoli\nKultainen portti, eteläisin portti Marmaranmeren rannalla, alun perin riemukaari Selymbria-portti, joka johti Konstantinuksen foorumille ja Hagia Sofialle Adrianopel-portti, joka yhdisti kaupungin pääkadun Mesen Adrianopeliin johtavaan tiehen ja Via Egnatiaan Blachernai-portti, pohjoisin portti Kultaisen sarven rannalla.[2]", "Olympia (Kreikka)\nZeukselle omistettu temppeli sijaitsi temenos-alueen keskellä. Se rakennettiin klassisella kaudella noin vuonna 470–456 eaa. Temppeli edusti doorilaista tyyliä ja siinä oli 6 x 13 pylvästä. Sen stylobaatin koko oli noin 27,7 x 64,1 metriä. Temppelissä oli Feidiaan veistämä suurikokoinen, kullasta ja norsunluusta tehty Zeuksen kulttipatsas, joka luettiin yhdeksi maailman seitsemästä ihmeestä.[2][18]", "Demeterin ja Koren pyhäkkö (Syrakusa)\nDemeterin ja Koren pyhäkkö rakennettiin klassisen kauden alussa. Sen rakennutti Syrakusan tyranni Gelon Himeran taistelussa vuonna 480 eaa. Karthagosta saadun voiton jälkeen. Pyhäkön alue oli aiemmin käytössä hautausmaana. Pyhäkössä vietettiin muun muassa kaupungin Thesmoforia-juhlia. Yleensä on tulkittu, että kyseessä on sama Demeterin ja Koren pyhäkköalue, jonka temppelit karthagolaiset Diodoros Sisilaisen mukaan tuhosivat vuonna 396 eaa., mutta tämä on myös kyseenalaistettu.", "Turun linnan katoliset kappelit\nNykyään Nunnakappelina tunnettu tila on rakennettu 1300- ja 1400-lukujen vaihteessa. Sen katon holvia pidetään ensimmäisenä Suomeen rakennettuna tähtiholvina, holvauksen oletetaan valmistuneen 1400-luvun alussa. Turun linnan historiaa tutkineen C.J. Cardbergin mukaan huone tehtiin suoraan kappeliksi, Turun maakuntamuseon pitkäaikainen johtaja Knut Drake katsoo sen toimineen aluksi juhlatilana. Vuonna 1885 ilmestyneessä julkaisussa tilaan viitataan ”entisenä munkkikirkkona” ().", "Pähkinäsaaren rauha\nVallitsevan käsityksen mukaan rajalla oli pohjoisessa kaksi haaraa, joiden väliin jäänyt alue oli Länsi-Suomen ja Ruotsin sekä Novgorodin ja Laatokan karjalaisten yhteisnautintaalueena.[1][2] Tämän teorian esittivät suomalainen Jarl Gallén ja tanskalainen John Lind joiden mukaan itäisempi raja kulkisi Vienanmerelle Kantalahden seudulle. Novgorodin ja Norjan välillä oli sopimus samanlaisesta yhteisverotusalueesta Finnmarkissa.[10] Gallénin-Lindin teoriaan on kohdistettu kritiikkiä, mutta se on saanut myös kannatusta tutkijoiden keskuudessa. Suurlähettiläs Heikki Talvitien käsityksen mukaan ainakin novgorodilaisten mielestä Pähkinäsaaren rauhalla oli kaksi rajaa, Ruotsin raja Kannakselta Perämerelle ja Novgorodin raja etelässä sama, mutta kääntyen Kuopion seudulta pohjoiseen jäämerelle. Itse asiassa Suomen itäraja pohjoisosistaan käytiin vasta 1800-luvulla suuriruhtinaskunnan ja emämaa Venäjän välillä. Talvitien mukaan ruotsalaiset väärensivät asiakirjoja, ja näiden väärennösten mukaan Olavinlinnan alue kuului yhteisiin nautinta-alueisiin Täyssinän rauhaan 1595 saakka, ja väliin jäävälle alueelle Ruotsi pyrki saamaan asutusta. Toisaalta Olavinlinna rakennettiin vasta 1400-luvun lopulla.[4]", "Konstantinopoli\nKeisari Valens rakennutti Hebdomon-palatsin Propontiksen (Marmarameren) rannalle, lähelle Kultaista porttia. Kaikki keisarit Zenoniin asti kruunattiin keisareiksi juuri Hebdomonissa. Theodosius I rakennutti Johannes Kastajan kirkon, jonne pyhimyksen kallo myös siirrettiin. Sen jälkeen, kun Länsi-Rooma tuhoutui 400-luvulla, Konstantinopolista tuli valtakunnan kiistaton pääpaikka.", "Elefantine\nSäilyneiden tietojen mukaan Elefantinessa on ollut Khnumin temppeli jo kolmannen dynastian faarao Djoserin aikana.[5] Myöhemmin paikalle rakennettiin toinenkin temppeli, jonka rauniot vievät suuren osan saaren eteläkärjestä. Tämä temppeli rakennettiin 30. dynastian faarao Nektanebon aikana[2] vähän ennen kuin Aleksanteri Suuri valloitti Egyptin. Saarella on myös Hatšepsutin rakennuttama Satisin temppeli.[6]", "Länsimuuri\n1800-luvulla arabit alkoivat käyttää muurista nimeä al-Buraqin muuri. Nimi liittyy perimätietoon, jona mukaan muuri olisi paikka, jossa Muhammed kiinnitettiin siivekkääseen ratsuun, al-Buraqiin. Varhaisempi perimätieto kertoo vain, että profeetta, tai enkeli Gabriel valjasti ratsun moskeijan, toisin sanoen Temppelivuoren portilla.[9] Käsitykset siitä, minkä portin luona tämä tapahtui, vaihtelivat vuosisatojen kuluessa: tavallisimin puhuttiin itäisestä tai eteläisestä muurista, lounaisnurkasta ja lopulta Länsimuurista tai tarkennettuna Barclayn portista, joka on aivan juutalaisten perinteisen rukouspaikan vieressä.[9] Israelilaisen arkeologi Meir Ben-Dovin mukaan muslimit liittivät Länsimuurin tähän tapaukseen vasta 1800-luvulta lähtien vastavetona siihen entistä suurempaan merkitykseen, jonka paikka tuolloin sai juutalaisille.[9]", "Uruk-kausi\nMyöhäisellä Uruk-kaudella noin 3600 eaa. alkaen Urukin kerrostumasta VIII päätellen rakennettiin suuri temppelialue kaupunkiin jatkaen aiempia perinteitä, mutta tehden yhä suurempia rakennelmia. Temppelit suurenivat ajan mukana. Tältä ajalta ovat ensimmäiset porrasmaiset temppelitasanteet. Temppeleitä oli pyhitetty taivaan jumala Anille ja rakkauden jumala Inannalle. Niissä oli seinäsyvennyksiä eli niššejä ja kolmiosainen pohjakaava, kuten varhaisemman Uruk-kauden temppeleissäkin. Merkittävin saavutus oli taivaan jumala Anille pyhitetty Eannan eli Taivaan talon temppelialue, joka kattoi lopulta 9 hehtaaria. Sinne rakennettiin Kalkkikivitemppeli, johon rakennusaine tuotiin 80 km:n päästä Eufratin länsirannalta. Eanna-alueen ulkopuolelle rakennettiin Uruk V -kauden lopussa Anin Valkoinen temppeli 13 metriä korkealle tasanteelle. Tätä temppeli oli varhainen zikkurrat. Sen rakentaminen vaati noin 7500 ihmistä. Uruk-kaudella valmistettiin värillisiä savitappeja, joilla koristeltiin temppelin seiniä. Myöhempiin aikoihin verrattuna myöhäisen Uruk-kauden temppelit olivat suuria. Urukin temppeli C oli kooltaan 30 × 80 metriä ja kivitemppeli D 30 × 76 metriä.", "Porraspyramidi\nSumerilaiset rakensivat Etelä-Mesopotamiassa temppelinsä matalille tasanteille. Kun uusia temppeleitä rakennettiin vanhojen päälle, tasanteet kasvoivat korkeutta. Näin syntyivät zikkuratit. Kun tasanteet kasvoivat suuriksi, ne pengerrettiin ja syntyi porraspyramidi. Assyrialaiset rakensivat Pohjois-Mesopotamiaan jumaltensa kunniaksi suuria zikkurateja kuten sumerilaisetkin. Myös babylonialaiset omaksuivat sumerilaisilta zikkuratit.", "Muinainen Egypti\nVanha valtakunta oli egyptiläisen kulttuurin ensimmäinen suuri kukoistuskausi. Sen aikana faaraon mahti oli suurimmillaan, ja auringonjumala Ran pojaksi kutsutut faaraot rakennuttivat itselleen kivestä tehtyjä valtavia monumentteja, temppeleitä ja pyramideja. Kolmannen dynastian faarao Djoserin rakennuttama Sakkaran porraspyramidi oli ensimmäinen monumentaalinen kivirakennus. Suurimpien pyramidien rakentajia olivat neljännen dynastian Khufu (kreikaksi Kheops), Khafre ja Menkaure.[15] Heidän rakennuttamiensa Gizan pyramidien juurelle louhittiin myös kalliosta ihmispäistä leijonaa esittävä sfinksi.[16]", "Länsimuuri\npienoiskuva|300px|Itkumuuri. Taustalla Kalliomoskeija vasemmalla ja Al-Aqsa -moskeija oikealla. Nimeä Länsimuuri käytetään tavallisemmin suppeammassa merkityksessä tarkoittamaan sitä osaa muurista, jonka edessä juutalaiset perinteisesti rukoilevat. Sitä sanotaan myös \"Valitus­muuriksi\", mikä viittaa juutalaisten tapaan itkeä paikalla temppelien tuhoa. Jerusalemin ollessa kristittyjen, ensin Rooman, myöhemmin Bysantin hallinnassa noin vuosina 324–638), juutalaisilla ei ollut lainkaan pääsyä Jerusalemiin paitsi vuosittain temppelin hävityksen muistopäivänä (tiša be'av), jolloin he valittivat pyhillä paikoillaan.", "Taivaallisen rauhan portti\nTaivaallisen rauhan portti (yksinkertaistetut merkit: 天安门 ; perinteiset merkit: 天安門; pinyin: Chéngtiānmén) on rakennus joka sijaitsee Taivaallisen rauhan aukiolla, Pekingissä, Kiinassa. Portti on yksi Kiinan tärkeimmäistä symbooleista. Rakennus valmistui Ming-dynastian aikana vuonna 1420.", "Stefanoksen luostari\nLuostari on kärsinyt sekä ihmisten toimien että luonnonmullistusten seurauksena. Bysantti ja seldžukit kävivät sotaa alueella 1000- ja 1100-luvuilla. Mongolien hallinnassa alue oli 1200- ja 1300-luvun. Vuonna 1319 luostari kärsi pahoin maanjäristyksessä. Safavididynastian hallitsijat puhdistivat 1600-luvulla Persian rajaseutuja armenialaisista ja siirsivät heitä valtakunnan keskiosiin. Nykyinen pääkirkko on kuitenkin rakennettu safavidiaikana vuosina 1643–55.", "Brandenburgin portti\nPortti vaurioitui toisen maailmansodan pommituksissa. Sodan jälkeen toteutetussa Berliinin jaossa se jäi Itä-Berliinin puolelle, mutta aivan lähelle sen ja Länsi-Berliinin välistä rajaa. Vuosina 1956–1958 portti kunnostettiin Itä- ja Länsi-Berliinin yhteistyöhankkeena. Restauroinnin yhteydessä nelivaljakkoveistos palautettiin paikalleen, mutta Itä-Berliinin viranomaiset poistivat siitä rautaristin ja Preussin kuninkaallisen kotkan, joita pidettiin preussilaisen militarismin symboleina. Suositun legendan mukaan veistos olisi tuolloin asetettu tahallaan väärin päin niin, että se olisi katsonut Itä-Berliiniin ja kääntänyt selkänsä Länsi-Berliinille. Tämä ei kuitenkaan pidä paikkaansa, vaan se käänsi selkänsä Potsdamista tulijoille. \nBrandenburgin portti toimi Itä- ja Länsi-Berliinin välisenä rajanylitysasemana kunnes Berliinin muuri rakennettiin 1961. Tuolloin portti jäi Itä-Berliinin puolelle ja tarkkaan vartioidulle muurivyöhykkeelle, jolloin sen ympäriltä purettiin kaikki muut rakennukset. Muurista tehtiin kuitenkin portin kohdalla poikkeuksellisen matala ja leveä, jotta se näkyisi huonommin idän suunnasta otetuissa kuvissa. Berliinin muurin murtumisesta otetut kuuluisat valokuvat, joissa ihmisiä seisoo muurin päällä, on otettu juuri tältä kohdalta – muualla muurin päällä seisominen olisi ollut mahdotonta. Länsi-Berliinin puolella porttia käytettiin taustana erilaisille tilaisuuksille: esimerkiksi valtiovieraat vietiin usein puhumaan Straße des 17. Junin päähän, jolloin heidän taustallaan näkyi muurin yli Brandenburgin portti. ", "Turun linnan katoliset kappelit\nNunnakappeli on linnan niin kutsuttussa keskiaikakerroksessa ja on rekonstrutoitu keskiaikaiseen asuun, kuten sen lähellä sijaitseva keskiaikainen kuninkaansalikin. Yksi linnassa riehunut tulipalo sattui 1360-luvulla, kun Albrekt Mecklenburgilaisen joukot olivat piirittäneet linnaa kahdeksan kuukauden ajan ja onnistuivat lopuksi saamaan sen tuleen. Tulipalossa sortuivat muun muassa keskiaikaisen kuninkaansalin holvit, jotka rakennettiin uudelleen 1400-luvulla. Nunnakappelin tähtiholvi purettiin 1790-luvulla. Linnan rappeutumisen aikana myös puiset välipohjat lahosivat ja lopulta ne purettiin. Tuhon viimeisteli jatkosodan pommitus 1941, jolloin koko päälinna paloi kivimuureja lukuun ottaamatta. Turun linnan korjaus alkoi sodan jälkeen 1946. Nunnakappelin holvi rekonstruoitiin talvella 1951–1952. Työ onnistui hyvin, holvi näyttää keskiaikaiselta slammatulta tiiliholvilta. Nunnakappelin keskilattian pilari ei enää kanna holveja, jotka on ripustettu yläpuolisista rakenteista. Nunnakappelin holvien onnistuneen rekonstruoinnin takia myös keskiaikaisen kuninkaansalin holvit uusittiin. Sielläkään 1950-luvulla tehty holvisto ei toimi kuten alkuperäiset keskiaikaiset tiilirakenteet. Heikkojen ulkoseinien varaan ei voitu tukea uusia holveja, joten salin pilareita vahvistettiin tekemällä niiden sisälle kerrosten läpi kallioon asti ulottuvat teräsbetonipilarit, joiden varassa holvisto on.", "Suurten jumalten pyhäkkö\nAlueen luoteislaidalla sijaitsi miletoslaisten lahjoittama rakennus (5), joka oli rakennettu noin vuonna 250–200 eaa. Varhaiskristillisenä aikana noin 400–500-luvuilla alueelle rakennettiin kolmilaivainen basilikakirkko. Genovalaisvallan aikana 1400-luvulla Palaiópoliin rakennettiin niin kutsuttu Gateluzin suvun linnoitus, jossa käytettiin pyhäkön rakennusten kiviä.", "Sparta\nAkropoliin huipulla sijaitsi Athene Khalkioikokselle tai Athene Poliukhokselle eli kaupunkia suojelevalle Athene-jumalattarelle omistettu temppeli, joka on saanut nimensä pronssisesta koristelustaan. Sen paikalla oli pyhäkkö jo viimeistään 700-luvulla eaa. Temppeli rakennettiin uudestaan 500-luvulla eaa.[2][17] Temppeli edusti todennäköisesti doorilaista tyyliä. Temppelin paikka tunnetaan, mutta siitä on säilynyt suhteellisen vähän jäänteitä. Temppelin lähellä oli sen alttari, jonka luona oli kaksi sotapäällikkö Pausaniaan patsasta sekä muun muassa Afrodite Ambologeran sekä veljesten Uni ja Kuolema patsaat.[3]", "Kano\nTarinan mukaan nykyinen Kano perustettiin Dallan kukkulan juurelle jo ennen 900-lukua. Paikan varhaiset asukkaat olivat pakanallisia animisteja. Historiallisissa lähteissä mainitaan sen asukkaiden seuranneen edelleen Pohjois-Nigeriassa harjoitettavan bori-kultin tapaisia menoja. Kultin johtaja toimi myös paikallisen kuninkaan tavoin. 900-luvulla alueelle tuli Baguda-nimisen päällikön johtama joukko ulkomaisia muuttajia, joista tuli lopulta kaupungin johtava väestönosa. Tällöin Kanosta alkoi muodostua myös kaupunkivaltio ja muurien ympäröimä hallinnollinen keskus. Bagudan johtamat siirtolaiset ovat saattaneet olla muslimeja, mutta varmuutta asiasta ei ole. Joka tapauksessa he sulautuivat ajan kuluessa paikalliseen kulttiin. Kanon kuningasluettelon ensimmäinen islamilainen hallitsijanimi oli Osumanu Zamnagaw, joka hallitsi kaupunkia vuodesta 1343 vuoteen 1349. Joissakin historiallisissa lähteissä hänen seuraajansa kaudella sanotaan Kanoon saapuneen Wangarawa-nimisen malilaisen islamilaisen lähetyssaarnaajan. Jotkin muut lähteet ajoittavat samat tapahtumat kuitenkin vasta seuraavalla vuosisadalle 1400-luvulle. Samalla vuosisadalla on myös muita merkkejä islamin suuremmasta vaikutuksesta. Paikallinen ratsuväki omaksui tyypillisesti pohjoisafrikkalaiset haarniskat ja vuosien 1421–1438 on tarina islamin jo tuolloin omaksuneesta Bornuta saapuneesta ruhtinaasta. Islam lienee vakiinnuttanut asemansa Kanossa vasta tällöin. Samalla kaupungista oli tullut osa Saharan ylittäviä kauppareittejä. Kameleita oli tullut Kanoon ensi kertaa vuonna 1452 ja Kanon yläluokka vaurastui orjakaupalla.[2] 1400-luvulta on peräisin myös nykypäiviin saakka säilynyt kaupunginmuuri, joka rakennettiin edellisen 1100-luvulla rakennetun muurin paikalle. Muurilla on pituutta 20 kilometriä ja siihen kuuluu 14 porttia. 1400-luvulla rakennettiin myös Gidan Rumfa, eli nykyinen Kanon emiirin palatsi.[1]", "Apollon Patrooksen temppeli\nApollon Patrooksen temppeli () oli temppeli, joka sijaitsi Ateenan antiikin aikaisen Agoran länsilaidalla. Se oli omistettu Apollon Patrookselle eli ”Isän Apollonille”.\nTemppeli rakennettiin noin vuonna 338–326 eaa. Sen kohde Apollon Patroos oli Apollonin nimitys Ionin isänä. Ion oli kaikkien joonialaisten kantaisä ja ateenalaiset puolestaan kuuluivat joonialaisiin. Näin kyseessä oli ateenalaisten jumalallisen kantaisän temppeli. Temppeli rakennettiin 500-luvulla eaa. rakennetun varhaisemman ja pienemmän Apollonin temppelin paikalle. Varhaisempi temppeli oli todennäköisesti tuhoutunut persialaisten hyökkäyksessä vuonna 480 eaa." ]

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[ "You Were Never Really Here You Were Never Really Here You Were Never Really Here is a 2017 psychological thriller crime drama film written and directed by Lynne Ramsay. Based on the 2013 novella of the same name by Jonathan Ames, it stars Joaquin Phoenix, Ekaterina Samsonov, Alex Manette, John Doman, and Judith Roberts. An unfinished version of the film premiered at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival in competition, where Ramsay won the Best Screenplay award and Phoenix won the award for Best Actor. The film was released by Studio Canal in the UK, on 9 March 2018, and by Amazon Studios in the U.S.," ]

[ "London Contemporary Orchestra Films nominated - Best Science Film Award; Fright Meter Awards nominated - Best Special Effects You Were Never Really Here score performed by London Contemporary Orchestra Release Date: 27 May 2017 Director: Lynne Ramsay Awards: Cannes Film Festival – Best Actor; Best Screenplay Phantom Thread score performed by London Contemporary Orchestra Release Date: 25 December 2017 Director: Paul Thomas Anderson Awards: Academy Award, BAFTA and Golden Globe nominated Foals: \"Miami\" (Glastonbury Acoustic) feat. players from the LCO Release Date: 2 July 2010 Label: Warner Music UK Limited Foals: \"Spanish Sahara\" with London Contemporary Orchestra Release Date: 12 September 2010 Label:", "You Were Never Really Here and direct an adaptation of Jonathan Ames' novella \"You Were Never Really Here\", starring Joaquin Phoenix. The project would be shopped to Cannes buyers. Although it was initially reported that A24 had acquired the project, Amazon Studios bought U.S. rights to \"You Were Never Really Here\" on 13 May 2016. Principal photography took place during August 2016 in and around New York City. On 2 May 2017, it was confirmed that composer Jonny Greenwood would score the film. The film was still a work in progress when it premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on 27 May 2017. \"You Were", "Joaquin Phoenix Davis's \"Mary Magdalene\", opposite Rooney Mara. It was released in the United Kingdom on March 16, 2018 to mixed reviews. The film's original distributor has been the cause of the film's delayed U.S. release. Later, Phoenix starred as Joe, a former FBI agent and Gulf War veteran suffering from PTSD, in the Amazon Studios thriller \"You Were Never Really Here\" (2017), written and directed by Lynne Ramsay. The film premiered in competition at the Cannes Film Festival, where it received wide critical acclaim, and won Phoenix the Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor. The film began its US release", "Cambridge Film Festival support and promote the film festival and film culture in Cambridge. 2018 The 38th will run from 25th October to the 1st November. 2017 The 37th Film Festival ran from 19th to 26th October. It opened with Battle of the Sexes (film) and closed with Lynne Ramsay's You Were Never Really Here. 2016 The 36th Film Festival's programme ran from 20th to 27 October. 2015 The 35th Cambridge Film Festival ran from 3–13 September 2016. Highlights included BBC Arena at 40: Night and Day 24 Hours, a 3-D special event with Brian May, and a BAFTA Kids workshop with Ben", "You Were Never Really Here where it began a limited release in Los Angeles and New York on 6 April 2018, and a wide release on 20 April. Joe is a traumatized hired gun who rescues trafficked girls, using brutal methods against their captors. He cares for his elderly mother in his childhood home in New York City. Joe has flashbacks to the abuse he and his mother faced from his violent father, and his brutal past in the military and FBI, and is troubled by suicidal thoughts. As he opens his front door one night, Joe is seen by Moises, the son of Angel,", "You Were Never Really Here Never Really Here\" received a seven-minute standing ovation at its Cannes Film Festival premiere on 27 May 2017. Critics lauded Phoenix's performance, Ramsay's direction, musical score and the editing. Phoenix won the festival's Best Actor Award and Lynne Ramsay won the Best Screenplay Award. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 89% based on 231 reviews, with an average rating of 8.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"Bracingly elevated by a typically committed lead performance from Joaquin Phoenix, \"You Were Never Really Here\" confirms writer-director Lynne Ramsay as one of modern cinema's most unique—and uncompromising—voices.\" On Metacritic,", "Lynne Ramsay the film will be set in space, and deal with themes of psychology and claustrophobia, quoting \"So we're creating a whole new world, and a new alien. [It's] a very psychological piece, mainly taking place in the ship, a bit like \"Das Boot\", so it's quite claustrophobic. It's another monster movie, cos the monster's Ahab.\" Ramsay directed \"You Were Never Really Here\", an adaptation of Jonathan Ames's novella of the same name. It premiered to wide critical acclaim in competition at the 70th Cannes Film Festival in 2017, where it received a seven-minute standing ovation, and Ramsay won the Best", "You Were Never Really Here of 9 out of 10, describing it as \"dizzying, horrifying and utterly compelling.\" You Were Never Really Here You Were Never Really Here is a 2017 psychological thriller crime drama film written and directed by Lynne Ramsay. Based on the 2013 novella of the same name by Jonathan Ames, it stars Joaquin Phoenix, Ekaterina Samsonov, Alex Manette, John Doman, and Judith Roberts. An unfinished version of the film premiered at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival in competition, where Ramsay won the Best Screenplay award and Phoenix won the award for Best Actor. The film was released by Studio Canal in", "A Brief Inquiry into Online Relationships as the second single on 19 July. On 15 August, \"TooTimeTooTimeTooTime\" was released as the third single from the album. On 13 September, \"Sincerity Is Scary\" was released as the fourth single. The fifth single \"It's Not Living (If It's Not With You)\" was released on 18 October. At the end of April 2018, cryptic posters titled \"Music for Cars\" appeared in London and Manchester, containing taglines and a Dirty Hit catalogue number, DH00327, amongst a black background. Various billboards were also spotted in the United Kingdom, having used détournement to apply themselves over existing advertisements. Over social media, the", "It Won/t Be Like This All the Time Club in Leeds on 16 June. On 10 July, the band shared a further new track, \"I/m Not Here [missing face]\", and announced a tour of the United States and Europe in the autumn. On 5 September, the album was officially announced, and the album's first proper single, closing track \"Videograms\", was made available for streaming, with a physical release for the single on 10\" vinyl released on 26 October 2018. The album's third single, \"VTr\", was released for streaming and digital download only on 13 November 2018. All songs written by James Graham and Andy MacFarlane. It Won/t Be", "Brixton (album) 18\" soundtrack. It entered and peaked at number 90 on the UK Singles Chart. The second single, \"Nah\" featuring Not3s, was released on 15 December 2017. The third single, \"Fuck It\" featuring Swavey, Mdargg, J. Boy and Bellzey, was released on 26 January 2018. Brixton (album) Brixton is the debut studio album by British rapper Sneakbo. It was released on 2 March 2018 independently by Jetskiwave Records. The album follows over nine years of Sneakbo releasing music, such as the commercial mixtape \"Certified\" (2015) and numerous non-album singles. \"Brixton\" includes guest appearances from Giggs, Not3s, Conor Maynard, and affiliates S.Wavey,", "÷ (album) ÷ (album) ÷ (pronounced \"divide\") is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran. It was released on 3 March 2017 through Asylum Records and Atlantic Records. \"Castle on the Hill\" and \"Shape of You\" were released as the album's lead singles on 6 January 2017. The album debuted at number one in the United Kingdom, selling 672,000 units in its first week, making it the fastest-selling album by a male artist there and the third-highest opening behind Adele's \"25\" and Oasis' \"Be Here Now\". It also topped the charts in 14 countries, including the United States, Canada, and", "Deeper (Lisa Stansfield album) Deeper (Lisa Stansfield album) Deeper is the eighth studio album by British singer Lisa Stansfield, released on 6 April 2018. All songs were written or co-written by Stansfield and produced by Devaney and Snowboy. \"Everything\" was made available to download from 8 January 2018 from pre-ordering the album, and the first official single, \"Billionaire\", was released on 26 February 2018. The second single, \"Never Ever\", followed in April 2018, reaching number 6 on the US Dance Club songs Billboard Chart. Stansfield embarked on a UK and European tour in April and May 2018 to promote the album. The deluxe edition", "Pale Waves Under the Radar Award at the NME Awards 2018, and performed \"There's a Honey\" at the ceremony at London's O Academy Brixton on 14 February 2018. The band also received a nomination for Best Video for \"Television Romance\", but lost out to The Big Moon. Pale Waves' debut EP, \"All the Things I Never Said\", was released digitally on 20 February 2018, followed by a 12-inch vinyl release on 16 March 2018. On 6 April 2018, it was announced that the band had signed to Interscope Records in a joint venture with Dirty Hit to release music in the United", "Jonathan Ames to Death\" was cancelled by HBO after airing its third season. The film adaptation of Ames's novel \"The Extra Man\", starring Kevin Kline, John C. Reilly, Katie Holmes, and Paul Dano, was released in 2010. The film adaptation of \"You Were Never Really Here\" was theatrically released in April 2018. The author produced the movie based on his book, which was directed by Lynne Ramsay. It premiered at the 70th Cannes Film Festival, where Ramsay won the award for Best Screenplay and Joaquin Phoenix won the award for Best Actor. Ames has also appeared in HBO's \"Curb Your Enthusiasm\" in", "Radiohead solo work, the soundtrack to the film \"Let Me Go\". In 2018, Jonny Greenwood scored his second film by Lynne Ramsay, \"You Were Never Really Here,\" and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Score for his fifth collaboration with Anderson, \"Phantom Thread\". Yorke released his first feature film soundtrack, \"Suspiria\", in October 2018. Radiohead were nominated for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2017, their first year of eligibility. They were nominated again in 2018, and will be inducted in 2019. Among Radiohead's earliest influences were Queen, Bob Dylan, Pink Floyd and Elvis Costello, post-punk", "Silhouettes (Aquilo album) Silhouettes (Aquilo album) Silhouettes is the debut studio album by British indie band Aquilo. It was released on 27 January 2017 through Island Records. The album includes songs from previous extended play releases, including \"Human\", \"You Won't Know Where You Stand\", \"I Gave It All\", \"Never Seen You Get So Low\" and \"Waiting\". The lead single from the album, entitled \"Sorry\", was released on 10 November 2016. \"Silhouettes\" received positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 75, based on five", "The Twilight Sad discography 10 July 2018 that they had signed to Mogwai's label Rock Action Records, and released their new single \"I/m Not Here [missing face]\" for download and streaming. On 5 September, the band announced that their fifth studio album, titled and stylised as \"It Won/t Be Like This All the Time\", will be released on 18 January 2019. The first proper single, \"Videograms\", preceded the album on 26 October 2018. The album's third single, \"VTr\", was released as a digital download only on 13 November 2018. The Twilight Sad discography The discography of Scottish rock band The Twilight Sad consists of", "The Sherlocks their sixth single \"Was It Really Worth It?\", with the video appearing online on Valentine's Day (14 February) 2017, which also topped the Official UK Vinyl Singles Chart. On 25 April 2017, The Sherlocks announced their debut album \"Live for the Moment\", released on 18 August 2017, as well as their seventh single \"Chasing Shadows'\", of which the video was released on 27 April 2017. The Sherlocks The Sherlocks are a British alternative rock band from Bolton upon Dearne, Barnsley, South Yorkshire. The band consists of two sets of brothers: Kiaran and Brandon Crook, Andy and Josh Davidson. The band", "Jonny Greenwood his soundtracks alongside new compositions. Greenwood wrote the music for another of Anderson's films, \"Phantom Thread\", in 2017; it was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Score. The same year, he reunited with Lynne Ramsay, director of \"We Need to Talk About Kevin\", to score her film \"You Were Never Really Here.\" Greenwood played harmonica on Blind Mr. Jones's 1992 single \"Crazy Jazz\". For the 1998 film \"Velvet Goldmine\", he formed Venus in Furs with Radiohead's Thom Yorke, Suede's Bernard Butler, and Roxy Music's Andy Mackay and recorded covers of the Roxy Music songs \"2HB\", \"Ladytron\" and \"Bitter-Sweet\".", "Add Violence was released on June 22, 2018 as Nine Inch Nails' ninth studio album \"Bad Witch\". The album was announced on July 13, 2017, and the lead single \"Less Than\" and an accompanying music video directed by Brook Linder were released online. On July 18, \"This Isn't the Place\" was released with an accompanying music video directed by Alex Lieu. In a telephone interview with Zane Lowe of Beats 1 Radio, Trent Reznor said: Critical reception for the EP has been generally positive. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received", "Life's Not out to Get You and was released as a single a day later. A music video for the song was released on 21 July. It was directed by Kyle Thrash. On 10 August, \"Threat Level Midnight\" was made available for streaming. The album was released on 14 August through Hopeless. The HMV and Target editions of the album included three bonus tracks: a full band version of \"December\", and acoustic versions of \"Can't Kick Up the Roots\" and \"Lime St.\". A day later, the album was made available for streaming. Following allegations of sexual misconduct towards a minor; on 23 August, Roberts parted ways", "Truth Is a Beautiful Thing the deluxe edition of \"Truth Is a Beautiful Thing\". London Grammar Additional musicians Artwork Technical Truth Is a Beautiful Thing Truth Is a Beautiful Thing is the second studio album by English indie pop trio London Grammar. It was released on 9 June 2017 by the trio's imprint Metal & Dust and Ministry of Sound. \"Rooting for You\" was released as the album's lead single on 1 January 2017. It peaked at number 58 on the UK Singles Chart. The album's second single, \"Big Picture\", was released on 1 February 2017, reaching number 73 on the UK Singles Chart. \"Truth", "Real Girl Real Girl Real Girl is the debut solo album by British recording artist Mutya Buena. It was released on 4 June 2007 via Universal Records, following her departure from UK girl group the Sugababes in December 2005. “Real Girl” debuted and peaked at Number 10 on the UK Albums Chart, earning 35,103 copies in its first week. In its second week it sold 14,060 copies remaining Number 10. As of June 2017 it has been certified Platinum for sales of 300,000 copies in the United Kingdom. \"Real Girl\" was the album's lead single and it was digitally released on 14", "Balls Out was announced that the album's release date had been pushed back from 18 October to 31 October, though it was released in Europe on iTunes on 28 October. The first singles of the album are \"If You Really, Really Love Me\" in the United Kingdom and \"17 Girls In A Row\" in the United States. Guest appearances on the album are made by Dane Cook on \"In the Future\" and by Chad Kroeger and Nuno Bettencourt on \"It Won't Suck Itself\". The album debuted at #41 in Canada, and debuted at #40 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart with first-week sales", "Never or Now make a tough decision in a relationship. Featured as the b-side to Lately in the NL. Featured as the b-side to Too Far Gone Featured as the b-side to Electric Released as promotional single in UK clubs, and cancelled follow up single to Too Far Gone. Released on official compilation album Greasemania in the UK. Never or Now Never or Now is the debut solo album by Lisa Scott-Lee. It was released in South Africa on 26 March 2007 and on 14 June as a digital download in the United Kingdom through Concept Records. The album consists of Scott-Lee's first", "Aquilo (band) Aquilo (band) Aquilo is an English musical duo from Silverdale, Lancashire, consisting of Tom Higham and Ben Fletcher. They began gaining recognition in 2013 for their singles such as \"Calling Me\" and \"You There\", in addition to their five EPs. The duo's debut album, \"Silhouettes\", was released on 27 January 2017. Their second studio album, \"ii\", was released on 4 May 2018. Members Tom Higham and Ben Fletcher grew up as neighbours in Silverdale, Lancashire. They were both part of rivaling rock bands in their hometown. Higham studied music production in university. The two worked on their musical projects individually", "The Winter of Mixed Drinks the track listing and artwork for \"The Winter of Mixed Drinks\" in December 2009, with a UK release date of 1 March 2010. It was preceded by a second single, \"Nothing Like You\", which was released on 22 February 2010. The band embarked upon a UK tour in support of the album, beginning at The Duchess in York on 4 March 2010 and ending at Norwich Arts Centre ten days later. The album's third single \"Living in Colour\" was released on 14 June. Summer festival appearances included Glastonbury, Oxegen, T in the Park, Latitude, Lollapalooza and V Festival before the", "All the Things I Never Said wires being controlled and pulled in several directions like a marionette, interspersed with clips of Baron-Gracie miming the song against a white background. It had its world premier on the Wonderland website. Pale Waves Technical personnel All the Things I Never Said All the Things I Never Said is the debut extended play (EP) by English indie pop band Pale Waves. It was released on 20 February 2018 by Dirty Hit. The EP was originally titled \"New Year's Eve\" after the single of the same name with a provisional release date of 18 January 2018, but in early January 2018", "Aquilo (band) subtle electronica and soulful vocals.\" Aquilo (band) Aquilo is an English musical duo from Silverdale, Lancashire, consisting of Tom Higham and Ben Fletcher. They began gaining recognition in 2013 for their singles such as \"Calling Me\" and \"You There\", in addition to their five EPs. The duo's debut album, \"Silhouettes\", was released on 27 January 2017. Their second studio album, \"ii\", was released on 4 May 2018. Members Tom Higham and Ben Fletcher grew up as neighbours in Silverdale, Lancashire. They were both part of rivaling rock bands in their hometown. Higham studied music production in university. The two worked", "Wish That You Were Here Wish That You Were Here \"Wish That You Were Here\" is a song by the English indie rock band Florence and the Machine written by Florence Welch, Andrew Wyatt, and Emile Haynie. It was released on Island Records on 26 August 2016. The song was made available via digital download and is featured on the soundtrack of the film \"Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children\", which was directed by Tim Burton. Welch — a longtime fan of Burton's work — had expressed interest in collaborating with him long before the recording of \"Wish That You Were Here\", as they shared", "Florence and the Machine to Prince's death. The band contributed a song to the 2016 Tim Burton film \"Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children\" titled \"Wish That You Were Here\", released as a single on 25 August 2016. Welch confirmed on 27 May 2017 that a new album was in the works. Titled \"High as Hope\", it was released on 29 June 2018. On 28 February 2018, the band's drummer, Christopher Hayden, announced that he had left the band. Several singles from \"High as Hope\" were released prior to the album's publication: Florence and the Machine started off by playing a handful of gigs", "Rudimental on 2 October 2015. Rudimental were given a writing credit on \"Bloodstream\" by Ed Sheeran, taken from his second studio album \"x\". On 28 April 2015, the band unveiled a new song called \"Never Let You Go\", which was the lead single from the album. In 2016, they released a single, featuring Joseph Angel, titled \"Healing\". It is more of a deep house track and differs from their previous releases. The single \"Sun Comes Up\" featuring singer James Arthur was released on 30 June 2017. Their second single \"These Days\" was released on 19 January 2018. It features vocals from", "No Tourists Flint and Maxim \"reduced to the odd irate interjection\". He praised their collaboration with Ho99o9 on \"Fight Fire with Fire\", but rates \"Champions of London\" as a \"shadow of their past glories\" from the 1990s. The album debuted in United Kingdom with sales of 23,952, including 1,828 from streaming, according to the Official Charts Company. Samples The Prodigy Additional personnel Production Sources No Tourists No Tourists is the seventh studio album by English electronic music band The Prodigy, released on 2 November 2018 on Take Me to the Hospital, their independent label managed by BMG. The group will support the", "All the Things I Never Said All the Things I Never Said All the Things I Never Said is the debut extended play (EP) by English indie pop band Pale Waves. It was released on 20 February 2018 by Dirty Hit. The EP was originally titled \"New Year's Eve\" after the single of the same name with a provisional release date of 18 January 2018, but in early January 2018 the name change was announced and a new release date was issued. The EP also includes reworked versions for the bands early demos \"The Tide\" and \"Heavenly\". All four tracks on the EP were released as", "This Winter Machine album. \"The Man Who Never Was\" was officially released 16 January 2017 and was met with largely positive reviews internationally, with reviewers hailing \"the next great British Prog band\". The album also received a full page feature on the inside cover of the Classic Rock Society magazine for that month (This Winter Machine were subsequently nominated for the \"Best Newcomer 2016\" award at CRS' awards ceremony in March 2017). The band held an album launch party on 4 February 2017 where \"The Man Who Never Was\" was played live and in full. The set also featured a new song called", "Metropole (The Lawrence Arms album) \"You Are Here\", was released on November 18, 2013. A music video for Seventeener (17th and 37th) premiered on January 4, 2014. Lawrence Arms bassist Brendan Kelly said in an interview with Noisey that during a trip to Italy he stayed at Hotel Metropole, which inspired the name of the album. He said many of the sound bites between the songs were recorded using his iPhone while he was in Italy. The clips themselves showcase various types of street musicians and other urban sounds to convey the album's theme of life in a city. Metropole (The Lawrence Arms album) Metropole", "Mike Tramp part at the Monster of Rock Cruise in October. In October 2016, Mike Tramp announced his 10th solo album, titled \"Maybe Tomorrow\", a follow up to his most successful and highest-selling solo album \"Nomad\" from 2015. The album \"Maybe Tomorrow\" was released worldwide on February 24, 2017 through Target Records. In January 2017, Tramp launched a music video for the single \"Coming Home\", a track from his album \"Maybe Tomorrow\". The video was filmed and edited by Kennie Østed. In February 2017, the song \"Would I Lie to You\" was released as the second single followed by the third single", "Letters I Haven't Written venues in 2017. Herbert wrote \"Not the Kind of Girl\" for a screening, in 2010, of Marion Davies’ 1928 silent comedy classic \"The Patsy\", at BFI Southbank's Birds Eye View Film Festival. Ian Shaw covered the song on his 2017 album \"Shine Sister Shine\". Letters I Haven't Written Letters I Haven't Written, the seventh album by British singer-songwriter Gwyneth Herbert, was released on 12 October 2018. It was produced at Rockfield Studios, Monmouth and, like Herbert's previous album \"The Sea Cabinet\", was crowdfunded. The album consists of original songs by Herbert on the subjects of \"love, gratitude and protest\" about", "You Are Here (Thenewno2 album) You Are Here (Thenewno2 album) You Are Here is the debut album by Thenewno2. It was released online on 1 August 2008, and in stores on 31 March 2009. The album was written, produced and performed by Dhani Harrison and Oliver Hecks. The album was recorded and mixed by Paul Hicks. \"Another John Doe\", a single from the album, was released via iTunes on 31 March 2008. The iTunes edition includes the two bonus tracks \"Jokes On You\", and \"You Gotta Wait\". Two tracks from the album, \"Crazy Tuesday\" and \"Another John Doe\", were played on radio station 103.1 on", "The Sherlocks in Manchester as part of Dot to Dot festival in May 2016, followed by once more playing at the Leeds and Reading Festivals 2016. In 2016, they supported The Libertines as part of their Arena Tour. The Sherlocks released their fifth single, \"Will You Be There?\", on 15 September 2016. The Sherlocks announced they had been signed by Infectious Music on 19 December 2016. A limited edition 7\" vinyl of \"Will You Be There?\" was released in early January 2017, entering the Official UK Vinyl Singles Chart at number 1 on 13 January. On 26 January 2017, the band released", "The Courteeners 2008, a song which reached No. 20 in the United Kingdom charts. The debut album, \"St. Jude\", was released on 7 April 2008 by Polydor Records. It was launched at Manchester's Market Street HMV store. The album reached No 4 in the UK Albums Chart, and has since gone on to achieve gold status. The album was preceded by the release of single \"Not Nineteen Forever\" on 31 March 2008, entering at No. 19 and becoming their highest charting single to date. A fifth single, \"No You Didn't, No You Don't\" was released on 23 June 2008. The band played", "My Life Story acoustic versions of My Life Story and ExileInside songs. In 2014 Shillingford formed the production music company Choppersaurus along with writing partner and multi-instrumentalist Nick Evans. Debut single \"Motel 66\" was released on 27 January 2017, from the album \"Herx\". Tracks \"Motel 66\" and \"Did You Come Alone?\" from the album appear in the first series of \"The Grand Tour\". The duo has also composed a trailer for \"Homeland\" Series 5 (\"Dystopia\") and has written toplines for \"You Are Not Alone\" and \"Live on Dreams\" by house DJ Mason. Two Choppersaurus tracks were nominated in the UK Music Production Awards", "Infinite (Deep Purple album) Infinite (Deep Purple album) Infinite (stylised as in\"f\"inite) is the 20th studio album by English rock band Deep Purple, released on 7 April 2017. The track \"Time for Bedlam\" was released via YouTube and Spotify on 14 December 2016 and \"All I Got Is You\" followed on 10 March 2017. The album contains a bonus DVD entitled \"From Here to Infinite\". The Japanese limited edition (\"first pressing edition\") features the album as a SHM-CD on the first disc and with an additional EP, \"Time for Bedlam\". and a special boxed set containing 5 LPs, one CD and a DVD. A", "Silver Eye filmed in Fuerteventura. Two further tracks were released ahead of the album. On 9 March 2017, Goldfrapp premiered the album's closing track, \"Ocean\", through \"Billboard\" and released to digital music retailers on 10 March. \"Moon in Your Mouth\" was released on 24 March 2017. The music video for the second single \"Systemagic\" premiered on 24 April 2017. The music video for the third single \"Everything Is Never Enough\" premiered on Nowness on 7 September 2017. On 19 May 2018 it was announced on the band's social media pages that an announcement and video were to be unveiled over the weekend.", "÷ (album) becoming the album with most weeks at number one in Denmark (since IFPI Denmark and Nielsen started tracking sales in 1993). \"÷\" was the best selling album globally of 2017, with 6.1 million copies shipped worldwide according to the IFPI. Notes Credits adapted from AllMusic. ÷ (album) ÷ (pronounced \"divide\") is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran. It was released on 3 March 2017 through Asylum Records and Atlantic Records. \"Castle on the Hill\" and \"Shape of You\" were released as the album's lead singles on 6 January 2017. The album debuted at number one in the", "Mellow Waves cover artwork because of its wavy appearance. In advance of the album, two 7-inch singles were issued. \"If You're Here\" was released in May 2017 along with a music video. \"Sometime / Someplace\" followed a month later, accompanied by a music video directed by Yugo Nakamura. A music video for \"Dear Future Person\" was released in January 2018. \"Mellow Waves\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 74, based on 18 reviews. In a review of the album,", "Not the Actual Events actually make up the first part of a trilogy of EPs, with the second installment entitled \"Add Violence\" being released July 2017. The final EP of the trilogy grew into a studio album, \"Bad Witch\", which was later released on June 22, 2018. The EP marks a return to Nine Inch Nails' 1990s sound, departing from the texture and groove-oriented style of the previous album, \"Hesitation Marks\". Nevertheless, it also preserves electronic elements of the \"Hesitation Marks\" and \"Year Zero\", but features \"more organic elements\" such as \"noisy guitars, nostalgic piano lines and heavily distorted bass used on \"The Fragile\"", "Is This the Life We Really Want? released on 2 June 2017 by Columbia Records. It is Waters' first solo album since \"Amused to Death\" (1992). The album peaked at number 3 in the United Kingdom and number 11 in the United States. It produced four singles: \"Smell the Roses\", \"Déjà Vu\", \"The Last Refugee\", and \"Wait for Her\". The album was blocked from release in Italy after the artist Emilio Isgrò alleged that the cover art plagiarised his work. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from critics, the album received an average score of 73, based on 15 reviews, indicating", "Vérité show on January 25, 2017. The second single \"When You're Gone\" was released on March 31, 2017. \"Somewhere in Between\" was self-released on June 23, 2017, in partnership with Kobalt Label Services. The album was recorded in London, New York, and Los Angeles, and features production from Liam Howe, Tim Anderson, Peter Thomas, James Flannigan, and Zach Nicita. Vérité's music has been described as indie pop, alternative pop, and electropop. About how she sees her own music, Vérité explains that when she released her single \"Heartbeat\" in 2014, \"people called it pop. I was just like, 'OK, I guess it's", "All Saints (All Saints album) All Saints (All Saints album) All Saints is the debut studio album by British girl band All Saints. It was released on 24 November 1997 by London Records. All Saints worked with several producers on the album; mainly Cameron McVey, John Benson, Johnny Douglas, Karl \"K-Gee\" Gordon, Magnus Fiennes, Nellee Hooper, Karen Gibbs and Neville Henry. Upon its release, the album received mixed reviews from music critics, many critics praised the choice of singles and the group's musical direction. The album spawned three number-one singles in the United Kingdom: \"Never Ever\", the double A-side \"Under the Bridge\" and \"Lady Marmalade\",", "Be Here Now (album) to buy a copy on the day it appeared was to participate in some kind of historical event.\" \"Be Here Now\" was released in the UK on 21 August 1997. The release date had been brought forward out of Ignition's fear that import copies of the album from the United States would arrive in Britain before that country's designated street date. Worrying that TV news cameras would interview queuing fans at a traditional midnight opening session, Ignition forced retailers to sign contracts pledging not to sell the record earlier than 8:00am. However, when the album did go on sale, the", "Betsy (Betsy album) the UK to promote the single's release. On 4 November 2016, \"Wanted More\" was released as the third single from the album, and \"Waiting\" followed as the fourth single on 27 January 2017. \"Little White Lies\" was released as the album's fifth - and to date, final - single on 2 June 2017. \"You Won't Love Me\" served as an instant gratification track with the album pre-order, and was released on 25 August 2017. \"Heavy Head\" was confirmed to be the album's second promotional single in November 2017 when she performed the track on the BBC's Children in Need appeal", "The Lovely Eggs of his top tracks of 2015. The Lovely Eggs were invited in to play two sessions for Marc Riley one after each single release. The Lovely Eggs toured the UK in March, May and November 2015 promoting the \"This Is Our Nowhere\" album after each single release and played mainly sold out gigs. They have been described in \"NME\" as \"One of the country's most beloved underground bands.\" In October 2016, they released 7\" Vinyl \"Drug Braggin\" on Egg Records. Follow-up 7\", \"I Shouldn't Have Said That\" was released in November 2017. \"This Is Eggland\", produced by Dave Fridmann and", "Nothing's Real Albums Chart, selling 4,777 copies in its first week. Notes Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"Nothing's Real\". Nothing's Real Nothing's Real is the debut studio album by English singer Shura. It was released on 8 July 2016 by Polydor Records. The album was met with positive reviews from music critics. \"Nothing's Real\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 79, based on 18 reviews. Heather Phares of AllMusic wrote that \"Nothing's Real\" \"boasts richer songwriting and", "Irreplaceable release of \"Irreplaceable\", Beyoncé told MTV: \"I love 'Irreplaceable'. I think it's important to have those songs. I've had so many people come up to me in tears, saying, 'I experienced my first breakup. If it wasn't for the song, I wouldn't be strong enough to not call. I wouldn't know how much I'm worth.' I'm happy to be a part of that.\" \"Irreplaceable\" was released in the United Kingdom on October 23, 2006, as the second single there. In the US, \"Irreplaceable\" was the third single from \"B'Day\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>, and followed \"Ring the Alarm\". The single was released on December", "As You Were (Liam Gallagher album) Klaus Voormann, the artist behind the Beatles' \"Revolver\"\". The track listing was revealed by Gallagher with the release of the album's second single \"Chinatown\". Notes Credits adapted from liner notes. Musicians Production Design As You Were (Liam Gallagher album) As You Were is the debut solo studio album by English singer and songwriter Liam Gallagher. It was released on 6 October 2017 by Warner Bros. Records. A critical and commercial success, the album debuted at number one in the UK, outselling the rest of the top 10 of the UK Albums Chart combined and achieving gold certification in its first", "Ian Brown In 2010, Brown had a cameo as a policeman in an episode of This Is England '86. Brown has collaborated several times with UNKLE, appearing on \"Be There\" in 1999 and on \"Reign\" on the 2003 album \"Never, Never, Land\", which was also released as a single. On the 25th October 2018, he released his first solo material in 9 years with the single \"First World Problems.\" The single will be followed by the album \"Ripples\" on 1st March 2019. Ian Brown has won several awards and magazine polls in his career, in recognition of his work as a solo", "London Grammar with Jools Holland. \"Truth Is a Beautiful Thing\" was released on 9 June 2017. The album was largely recorded with producers Paul Epworth and Greg Kurstin. It charted at number one in the UK. During the autumn of 2017, the band's cover version of the Chris Isaak song \"Wicked Game\" was used in the trailer for the BBC series \"Peaky Blinders\". London Grammar's music has been described as \"a blend of ambient, ethereal and classical sounds\" with melancholy guitar, soaring vocals, and plaintive lyrics. Hannah Reid's powerful, haunting vocals, prominent on all of London Grammar's tracks released to date, are", "Merky ACE \"Opps Next Door Vol. 1\", which was released on 16 June 2017. He provided vocals for fifteen of the album's twenty tracks, and produced many of its tracks under his Splurt Diablo alias. The album's release was celebrated with a launch party at Relentless No. 5 in London. His debut album, \"War is Normal\", was released on 11 May 2018. The album features the singles \"TDF\", \"Black Hawk Down\", and \"Out of Order\", which were released on 9 March, 16 March, and 23 March 2018 respectively. The first two of these tracks had previously premiered on his SoundCloud in 2016,", "Grandaddy the band instead releasing debut mini-album \"A Pretty Mess by This One Band\" in April 1996 on the Seattle-based Will label. In 1997 they released their debut full-length album \"Under the Western Freeway\", and, with the help of Howe Gelb, signed a UK deal with Big Cat Records (by then a subsidiary of V2), who reissued the album the following year. The album included the single \"A.M. 180\", which was featured during a sequence in the 2002 British film \"28 Days Later\". It was also used for the theme song for the BBC Four television series \"Charlie Brooker's Screenwipe\", and", "Lene Marlin top 5 hit in the UK Singles Chart, and reached number 5 in The Netherlands in 2000. Marlin's second album, \"Another Day\", was released on 22 September 2003. Two singles were released: \"You Weren't There\" and \"Another Day\". \"You Weren't There\" debuted at No. 1 on Norway Singles Top 20 and remained on the chart for 11 weeks. It also stayed for 24 weeks in Italy Singles Top 50 chart, peaking at No. 1. \"You Weren't There\" was less successful in the UK, reaching #59. The single \"Another Day\" was released in Italy and Norway only, and peaked at No.", "Living Hope (album) the \"Billboard\" 200 in the United States. On March 30, 2018, Phil Wickham released \"Living Hope\" as the first single from the anticipated album, which was yet to be announced, with the single's release coinciding with Good Friday and Easter holidays. Wickham then issued \"Till I Found You\" as the second single on April 27, 2018, announcing the album title as \"Living Hope\" and indicated that it was slated for release in August 2018. On June 1, 2018, \"Great Things\" was released as the third single from \"Living Hope\". Phil Wickham launched the album pre-order for \"Living Hope\" on June", "Crop Circle (Nines album) UK Singles Chart. Nines' debut album, \"One Foot Out\", was released in February 2017 and entered the UK Albums Chart at number 4, while receiving positive reviews from critics. Nines announced the release of his second album on 17 April 2018 via social media, three days before release. The lead single, \"I See You Shining\", was released on 6 April 2018 for digital download. It peaked at number 37 on the UK Singles Chart, becoming Nines' highest-charting single to date. A short film written and directed by Nines titled after the album was released on 17 April 2018 to promote", "Carry on the Grudge Carry on the Grudge Carry on the Grudge is the third album by Londoner singer-songwriter Jamie T, released on 29 September 2014 through Virgin Records and Epitaph Records. The first single from the album, \"Don't You Find\", was released on 21 July 2014, followed by \"Zombie\" on 12 August. The album was Jamie T's first release in over 5 years, Jamie's comeback being described by the NME as the greatest music moment of 2014. The album received commercial success, most noticeably, the track 'Zombie' of the album winning the 2014 NME Awards for best track and best video. \"Carry on", "Carry on the Grudge the Grudge\" holds a score of 81 out of 100 on the review aggregate site Metacritic, indicating \"universal acclaim\". Carry on the Grudge Carry on the Grudge is the third album by Londoner singer-songwriter Jamie T, released on 29 September 2014 through Virgin Records and Epitaph Records. The first single from the album, \"Don't You Find\", was released on 21 July 2014, followed by \"Zombie\" on 12 August. The album was Jamie T's first release in over 5 years, Jamie's comeback being described by the NME as the greatest music moment of 2014. The album received commercial success, most noticeably,", "Love in the 4th Dimension Love in the 4th Dimension Love in the 4th Dimension is the debut studio album by British indie rock band The Big Moon, released on 7 April 2017 by Columbia Records and Fiction Records. The album was recorded at Eastcote Studios in London with producer Catherine Marks. The album was recorded across 12 days so the band could go with their first instincts musically. Prior to the album's release the tracks \"Cupid\", \"Silent Movie Susie\", \"Formidable\" and \"Sucker\" were released as singles, the latter of which being a re-recording of the band's debut single. The band toured Europe in spring", "All the Things I Never Said singles, with \"New Year's Eve\" serving as the lead single on 7 November 2017. The EP peaked at number one on both the UK Physical Singles Chart and the UK Vinyl Singles Chart. The EP was recorded in late 2017 with Jonathan Gilmore. The group previously announced the title of the EP as \"New Year's Eve\" with a track listing that originally included three songs, set to be released 18 January 2018. The release date was eventually pushed back to 20 February 2018, under a new title and including four tracks. The final track listing includes reworked versions of the", "Sulk (British band) second album would be called \"\"No Illusions\"\" and would be released on the 15th April 2016 - exactly three years after the release of their debut album, Graceless. Another song was released on 3 February 2016. Fred Perry Subculture premiered \"The Tape Of You\", saying \"SULK have the songs and substance where it counts, and their second LP \"\"No Illusions\"\", will reportedly push their British indie-pop sound forward to win new ground.\" \"\"No Illusions\"\" was premiered on 11 April 2016 by Stereogum. The rest of the year was taken up by touring across Europe, which included shows in France, Spain,", "Living Hope (album) Living Hope (album) Living Hope is the seventh studio album by Phil Wickham, released on August 3, 2018, by Fair Trade Services. Wickham collaborated with Ed Cash, Jonathan Smith, Nicolas Balachandran, Pete Kipley, Ran Jackson and Ricky Jackson in the production of the record. Supported by the release of the album's title track, \"Till I Found You\" and \"Great Things\" as singles along with an album pre-order, \"Living Hope\" was released to critical acclaim and was commercially success, having charted in the Top 2 sectors of the American and British Christian music charts, and also peaked at No. 108 on", "VI (You Me at Six album) Citations Sources VI (You Me at Six album) VI is the sixth studio album by English rock band You Me at Six. It was released on 5 October 2018 through Underdog and AWAL. You Me at Six released their fifth album \"Night People\" in January 2017. Despite reaching number three in the UK, it received a mixed reception from both their fans and critics. Within a week of the album coming out, the band had no management and found themselves stuck in private legal battles. The band were initially ecstatic about the album at its release, however, by August they", "Saturn (album) Saturn (album) Saturn is the second studio album by British singer-songwriter Nao, released on 26 October 2018 through Little Tokyo Recordings and RCA Records. It was supported by the singles \"Another Lifetime\" and \"Make It Out Alive\". \"If You Ever\" was also released prior to the album in a version featuring American singer 6lack, but he does not feature on the album version. Nao will tour in support of the album across late 2018 and early 2019. Nao named the album after being told by her friends about the astrological concept of Saturn return, when the planet Saturn returns to", "Jamie Lawson (musician) Lawson will be the first artist to be signed to his new label, Gingerbread Man Records. On 3 April 2015, Lawson re-released the single \"Wasn't Expecting That\". The single has peaked to number 3 in Australia and number 7 in New Zealand. On 21 May, it was confirmed that Lawson is the first artist to be signed by Sheeran's newly formed label. The single hit the number 6 chart position in the UK on 8 October 2015 and was certified silver on 20 November 2015 by the British Phonographic Industry. Later in 2016 Jamie Lawson won the prestigious Ivor Novello", "Wonky (album) fact that \"we've never really fitted in\". The track \"Never\" was released as a free download from the official Orbital site in January 2012. An edited version of \"New France\" was released as the first single on 27 February 2012 as a single track download, with a remix EP released on 19 March 2012 featuring remixes from L-Vis 1990, Tom Middleton and The Hydraulic Dogs. The title track was released as the second single on 21 April 2012. \"Where Is It Going?\" was released as the third single on 27 August. \"Wonky\" was released as a CD album, a double", "Kate Nash Awards Shows 2013, at the Sebright Arms in London on 13 February. In April 2017, Nash launched a Kickstarter to finance a fourth studio album. On 21 April 2017, Nash released an EP, \"Agenda\". Nash's fourth studio album, \"Yesterday Was Forever\", was released on 30 March 2018. The record was preceded by the singles \"Drink About You\" and \"Life in Pink\" and received generally positive reviews from critics. To promote the album, Nash toured the United States and Canada and is due to perform at several festivals including Reading and Leeds Festival. Nash co-wrote a song titled \"Almost Isn't (Good", "Untitled Danny Boyle/Richard Curtis film overnight scenes shot immediately after Ed Sheeran's four consecutive concerts at the Principality Stadium in Cardiff, Wales in May 2018. A further 5,000 extras to were also recruited to appear in scenes to be shot on Gorleston Beach in Norfolk in June 2018. The film was initially set to release on September 13, 2019, but was moved up to June 28 of that year. Untitled Danny Boyle/Richard Curtis film The currently untitled Danny Boyle/Richard Curtis film is an upcoming musical comedy film directed by Boyle from a screenplay by Curtis. It will star Himesh Patel, Lily James, Kate McKinnon, Ed", "Mutya Buena her departure from the Sugababes, Buena began working on her debut album in early 2006 after signing with her previous label, Universal Island Records. She also contributed vocals to the album Soundboy Rock by Groove Armada. The first single to be released in the UK featuring Buena was a ballad duet with George Michael, titled \"This Is Not Real Love\". It was released in November 2006 and reached number 15 in the UK. Preceding the album, the title track, \"Real Girl\", was released in early 2007. It reached number 2 in the UK and received a BRIT Award nomination for", "Lina Makhul and Twitter pages. In September 2017, Lina announced on her social media pages that she would be supporting British girl-group Little Mix on their upcoming UK & Ireland leg of The Glory Days Tour for all 37 arena dates from October–November 2017. Her first single \"This Ain't About You\" was released worldwide on the 29 April 2016. The track achieved a top 10 in the UK Music-Week's Club and Pop Charts. Her second single \"Dance Sucker\" rose even further to #4 in the UK Music Week's Official Club Chart, reflecting her growing international success. Single \"Dance Sucker\" was released as", "London Grammar London Grammar London Grammar are an English indie pop band from Nottingham, formed in 2009. The band consists of Hannah Reid, Dan Rothman and Dominic 'Dot' Major. Their debut extended play, \"Metal & Dust\", was released in February 2013 by Metal & Dust Recordings, while their debut album, \"If You Wait\", was released in September 2013. The album reached number two on the UK Albums Chart and was certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). The band's second studio album, \"Truth Is a Beautiful Thing\", was released in June 2017, peaking at number one on the UK Albums", "The Streets power station which was his final gig in London performing as The Streets. The Streets ended after their final show at The Big Reunion. On 22 December 2017, The Streets released two new tracks: Burn Bridges and Sometimes I Hate My Friends More Than My Enemies on streaming services. This marks the first new music release in six years. On 31 January 2018, The Streets released the single \"If You Ever Need to Talk I'm Here\" on streaming services. On 30 March 2018, The Streets released the single \"You Are Not the Voice in Your Head...\". On 22 November 2018,", "Fickle Friends Crossey and it was released on 16 March 2018 during a promotional UK tour. Fickle Friends' debut album \"You Are Someone Else\" was released on 16 March and entered the UK Albums Chart at #9 and #1 in the UK Album Cassette Charts. Fickle Friends Fickle Friends are an English indie pop band from Brighton. The band formed in 2013, and is made up of Natassja Shiner (vocals, keyboard), Harry Herrington (bass, backing vocals), Chris Hall (lead guitar), Sam Morris (drums) and Jack Wilson (keyboards). Natasja met Sam at Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts and met Chris, Harry and Jack", "Bros: After the Screaming Stops tracks on the film, instead focusing more on the bands relationship. Some examples of tracks used in the film are “The Wanderer” by Dion, “Funky Broadway Parts 1 & 2” by Dyke and the Blazers and “Brother” by Kodaline. Due to the twins having being influenced by funk and soul when growing up. Another track used is “Move” by Jess & James. \"After The Screaming Stops\" was released in theatres in the United Kingdom on 9 November, 2018, by Lorton Entertainment. The world premiere was screened out of competition on the 22 September 2018 at the Fantastic Festin Austin. The", "The Futureheads 2008. Their latest single, \"I Wouldn't Be Like This If You Were Here\", was released on 8 December 2008. In 2009 the band played at the biggest open-air festival in Europe – Przystanek Woodstock in Poland. In November 2009, the band allowed fans to download a new free track, \"Struck Dumb\", for a period of two weeks. The band released their 4th album, entitled \"The Chaos\", on 26 April 2010 in the UK. \"The Chaos\" was released in the US on 1 June 2010, on Dovecote Records The Futureheads released their fifth full-length album, \"Rant\", on 2 April 2012. In", "England Is Mine It premiered at the closing gala of the Edinburgh Film Festival on 2 July 2017, and was released in the UK on 4 August 2017, and in the U.S. on 25 August 2017. Young, introverted Steven Patrick Morrissey is a sullen, dissatisfied, and shy teen growing up in Manchester in the 1970s. Withdrawn and a loner, he goes out to listen to music at night and then submits letters and reviews to music newspapers. His father wants him to get a job, his mother wants him to follow his passion for writing, and Steven doesn't quite know what he wants", "Memories...Do Not Open Pall responded \"No, but it's alright\". The lead single, \"Paris\", was released on January 13, 2017. The lead single peaked at number 6 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song went on to receive multiple certifications. The second single, \"Something Just like This\", which is a collaboration with British alternative rock band Coldplay, was released on February 22, 2017, along with the pre-order of the album. The single peaked at number 3 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. During the week of March 18, 2017, \"Something Just Like This\", \"Paris\", along with \"Closer\", were simultaneously within the top 10 of", "Bananarama Niro's Waiting...\", \"Really Saying Something\", \"Cruel Summer\", \"I Heard A Rumour\", \"Nathan Jones\", \"Love in the First Degree\" as well as the Shakespears Sister hit \"Stay\". In February 2018, they played four dates in North America; Los Angeles, San Francisco and New York in the United States and Toronto in Canada. Their performances at London's Eventim Apollo Hammersmith Theatre and Newcastle City Hall will be released on CD, DVD and Blu-Ray through PledgeMusic in July 2018. Their final dates as a trio were in August 2018. In November 2018, Bananarama's first six London albums \"Deep Sea Skiving\", \"Bananarama\", \"True Confessions\",", "Wish That You Were Here in a way to somehow reach the unreachable\". Music critic Rebecca Deczynski described \"Wish That You Were Here\"'s sound as a combination of everything that made the band successful, including \"the same cathartic crash of percussion that made 'Shake It Out' an instant hit\", and \"the ethereal peals of harps found in 'Cosmic Love'\". \"Wish That You Were Here\" was released on 26 August 2016 for digital download with a still image taken from \"Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children\". It is featured during the ending credits of the film, which debuted in theaters on 30 September. The song managed", "New Eyes from Jess Glynne, was released on 17 January 2014 as the album's fourth single and spent four weeks at number one in the UK, selling over 1.1 million copies since release. The album's fifth single, \"Extraordinary\", features vocals from Sharna Bass and was released on 16 May 2014. The album's sixth single, released on 8 August 2014 after the album's release, was \"Come Over\" and features vocals from Stylo G. A seventh single, titled \"Real Love\", was released on 16 November 2014 as part of the special edition re-release of \"New Eyes\". It is a joint single with Jess Glynne.", "The Script album, \"Rain\". The song was released on 14 July 2017. On 21 July 2017, it was announced that the new album would be titled \"Freedom Child\". The album was put up for pre-order that same day. It contains 14 tracks and was released on 1 September 2017. Prior to the album's release, two promotional singles were released to further promote the album. On 25 August 2017, \"Written in the Scars\" was released as the first promotional single off the album. A few days later, on 30 August 2017, \"Love Not Lovers\" was released as the second promotional single off the", "Bros the rehearsals and lead-up to the first concert at the O2 Arena, titled \"\", was produced. It was shown on 18 October 2018 as part of the 2018 BFI London Film Festival and given a limited cinema release on 9 November 2018, with a DVD and digital release on 12 November. The film debuted at number one on the UK's Official Music Video Chart. Winner of Best British Newcomer Smash Hits 1989 Winner of Best song Smash Hits 1989 Bros Bros ( ) were an English band, formed in 1986 in Camberley, Surrey. The band consisted of twin brothers Matt", "Wild Young Hearts Wild Young Hearts Wild Young Hearts is the second studio album by British indie soul group Noisettes, released in the United Kingdom on 20 April 2009 by Vertigo Records, and the United States on 22 September 2009 by Mercury Records. Three singles were released from the album – \"Wild Young Hearts\", \"Don't Upset the Rhythm (Go Baby Go)\", and \"Never Forget You\", with \"Every Now and Then\" meant to be released as the fourth single, but was cancelled. The album received critical acclaim. On review aggregate website Metacritic, it was awarded a rating of 74/100. 4 out of 5 stars", "The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel Pie Society (film) Potato Peel Pie Society\" premiered in London on 9 April 2018 and was theatrically released in the United Kingdom on 20 April 2018 and in France on 13 June 2018. The film grossed $15.7 million worldwide and received positive reviews from critics. It was distributed in other international areas by Netflix on 10 August 2018 as an original film. In 1941, on the island of Guernsey, four friends are stopped by soldiers for breaching curfew during German occupation. When asked for their reason, they say they were returning from their book club, hastily named \"The Guernsey Literary and Potato Peel", "Truth Is a Beautiful Thing Truth Is a Beautiful Thing Truth Is a Beautiful Thing is the second studio album by English indie pop trio London Grammar. It was released on 9 June 2017 by the trio's imprint Metal & Dust and Ministry of Sound. \"Rooting for You\" was released as the album's lead single on 1 January 2017. It peaked at number 58 on the UK Singles Chart. The album's second single, \"Big Picture\", was released on 1 February 2017, reaching number 73 on the UK Singles Chart. \"Truth Is a Beautiful Thing\" was released as the third single on 24 March 2017. \"Oh", "Is Anybody There? Hull. St Peter's Church of England Primary school in Folkestone was used as Edward's school in the film. The ethereal music throughout the film was performed by David Coulter on a musical saw. The film premiered at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival under the title \"Is There Anybody There?\" It was released in the United States on 17 April 2009 and in the United Kingdom on 1 May 2009. Review site Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an overall score of 66%, with an average critic rating of 6.2/10. (July 2018) Is Anybody There? Is Anybody There? is a 2008", "As You Were (Liam Gallagher album) As You Were (Liam Gallagher album) As You Were is the debut solo studio album by English singer and songwriter Liam Gallagher. It was released on 6 October 2017 by Warner Bros. Records. A critical and commercial success, the album debuted at number one in the UK, outselling the rest of the top 10 of the UK Albums Chart combined and achieving gold certification in its first week. It has since been certified platinum in the UK. It also achieved the highest single-week vinyl sales in 20 years, with 16,000. In part for his work on the album, producer Greg", "The Kleptones to make it a weekly release. The podcast contains mash-ups by the Kleptones, and other artists. In early 2008 the group released \"Live'r Than You'll Ever Be - Bestival 2007\", a live album containing a recording of their show at Bestival, in the Isle of Wight, on Saturday 8 September 2007. On 1 January 2010, \"Uptime / Downtime\" was released. One preview of the album, the track \"Voodoo Sabotage\" was released on the Kleptones blog a few weeks prior to release. Later that year, on 9 August 2010, a collection of B-sides and tracks that didn't make it onto an", "Big Big Train Blu-ray featuring rehearsals at Real World Studios as well as four of the songs performed at the Kings Place concerts, was released on 21 March 2016. The digital-only album \"From Stone and Steel\", containing the Real World studio performances from August 2014, was released on 1 April 2016. \"Folklore\", was released on 27 May 2016 whilst its 'companion' album \"Grimspound\" was released on 28 April 2017. The video for 'As The Crow Flies' from Grimspound made its debut on YouTube on 31 March 2017. The video for 'Experimental Gentlemen\" from \"Grimspound\" made its debut on YouTube on 21 April 2017.", "Lily Was Here Lily Was Here \"Lily Was Here\" is a single, released in November 1989 in the Netherlands, on 12 February 1990 in the UK and in mid-1991 in North America, from the David A. Stewart soundtrack of the same name, for the Dutch movie \"De Kassière\". David A. Stewart invited Candy Dulfer, who had not previously released any of her material, to play the saxophone on this instrumental. The single became a major hit and stayed at the number one position for five weeks in the Netherlands. Because of this success, the single was also released in the United Kingdom, Europe", "All Saints (All Saints album) at least one of the songs on their eponymous debut [...] More importantly, they and their producers have a better sense of contemporary dance trends – there are real hip-hop and club rhythms throughout the record [...]\" He highlighted \"Never Ever\", \"I Know Where It's At\" and \"Lady Marmalade\" as the album's best tracks. In the United Kingdom the album debuted at number twelve for the week beginning 6 December 1997, before progressing to a peak of number two on 17 January 1998 where it remained for three consecutive weeks. It spent a total of 66 weeks on the chart.", "London Fields (film) Mathew Cullen in September 2013 in London, England. The soundtrack was written and produced by Toydrum, Benson Taylor, and Adam Barber, and features music by Grinderman and London Grammar. On 16 September 2015, it was reported that Lionsgate had originally acquired distribution rights to the film, but latter dropped the film. The official trailer for \"London Fields\" debuted on 5 June 2018. The film was released theatrically in Russia on 20 September 2018, followed by a release in the United States on 26 October 2018 by GVN Releasing. In September 2015, the film was pulled from the Toronto International Film" ]

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[ "Sven Nykvist Sven Vilhem Nykvist (] ) (3 December 1922 – 20 September 2006) was a Swedish cinematographer. He worked on over 120 films, but is known especially for his work with director Ingmar Bergman. He won Academy Awards for his work on two Bergman films, \"Cries and Whispers\" (\"Viskningar och rop\") in 1973 and \"Fanny and Alexander\" (\"Fanny och Alexander\") in 1983, and the Independent Spirit Award for Best Cinematography for \"The Unbearable Lightness of Being\".", "The Unbearable Lightness of Being (film) The Unbearable Lightness of Being is a 1988 American film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Milan Kundera, published in 1984. Director Philip Kaufman and screenwriter Jean-Claude Carrière portray the effect on Czechoslovak artistic and intellectual life during the 1968 Prague Spring of socialist liberalization preceding the invasion by the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact that ushered in a period of communist repression. It portrays the moral, political, and psycho-sexual consequences for three bohemian friends: a surgeon, and two female artists with whom he has a sexual relationship." ]

[ "They Call Us Misfits They Call Us Misfits (Swedish: Dom kallar oss mods ) is a Swedish documentary film which was released to cinemas in Sweden on 25 March 1968, directed, produced and written by Stefan Jarl and Jan Lindqvist. The film is an uncompromising account of the life of two alienated teenagers, Kenneth \"Kenta\" Gustafsson (1948–2003) and Gustav \"Stoffe\" Svensson (1950–1978). The film, like its successor \"Ett anständigt liv\" (1979; \"A Respectable Life\") takes a close but non-moralizing look at the joys and growing pains of mod and \"junkie\" street culture in Stockholm at the time.", "Silent House (film) Silent House is a 2011 American horror film directed by Chris Kentis and Laura Lau. The plot focuses on a young woman who is terrorized in her family vacation home while cleaning the property with her father and uncle. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2011 and was released in United States (US) theaters on March 9, 2012.", "School Spirit School Spirit is a 1985 comedy film about a college student who is killed in a car accident and returns as a ghost to haunt his school. The film was directed by Alan Holleb, and stars Tom Nolan, Roberta Collins, and Larry Linville.", "A Life for the Taking A Life for the Taking (Swedish: Tag ditt liv ) is a 1995 Swedish drama film directed by Göran du Rées. It was entered into the 19th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Out of Nature Out of Nature (Norwegian: Mot naturen ) is a 2014 Norwegian comedy film written, co-directed by and starring Ole Giæver with Marte Vold as co-director. It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival. It was screened in the Panorama section of the 65th Berlin International Film Festival in February 2015. The film was nominated for the 2015 Nordic Council Film Prize.", "City of My Dreams (film) City of My Dreams (Swedish: \"Mina drömmars stad\" ) is a 1976 Swedish drama film directed by Ingvar Skogsberg. It was screened at the 1978 San Francisco International Film Festival. The film was selected as the Swedish entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 49th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "American Gothic (2007 film) American Gothic is a 2007 drama-fantasy film written and directed by David Wexler. The film follows the lives of three vampires trying to get by in modern-day New York City.", "Virtue Runs Wild Virtue Runs Wild (Danish: Dyden går amok ) is a Danish 1966 erotic comedy film. Based on the eponymous 1957 novel by , the film was written and directed by Sven Methling. The film was shot in 1965 in the North Jutland town of Stenbjerg; it is called \"Hu\" in the film.", "Independent Spirit Award for Best First Feature The Independent Spirit Award for Best First Feature is one of the annual Independent Spirit Awards. It is usually given to the director (or directors) and producer (or producers). The \"first feature\" designation is applied to the director not the producer(s). Therefore, producers have been nominated multiple times.", "Happy, Happy Happy, Happy (Norwegian: Sykt lykkelig ) is a 2010 Norwegian comedy film directed by Anne Sewitsky. The film was selected as the Norwegian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards, but it did not make the final shortlist.", "65th Bodil Awards The 65th Bodil Awards were held on 3 March 2012 in the Bremen Theater in Copenhagen, Denmark, honouring the best national and foreign films of 2010. Lars von Trier's \"Melancholia\" won the awards for Best Danish Film and Best Cinematography (Alberto Claro). The only other multiple winner was \"A Funny Man\", which took the awards for Best Actor (Nikolaj Lie Kaas), Best Supporting Actor (Lars Ranthe) and Best Set Design (Charlotte Bay Garnov and Peter Grant). It also won the new Audience Award which was introduced this year in collaboration with Blockbuster. The awards for Best Leading and Supporting Actresses went to Lena Maria Christensen won the award for Best Actress for her performance in \"A Family\" and Paprika Steen won Best Supporting Actress for \"SuperClásico\". \"Testamentet\" directed by Christian Sønderby Jepsen earned the award for Best Documentary. \"Winter's Bone\" was named Best American Film while the Iranian \"A Separation\" was selected as Best Non-American Film.", "Don't Cry Wolf (film) Don't Cry Wolf (Swedish: \"Lillebror på tjuvjakt\" ) is a 2003 Swedish comedy film directed by Clas Lindberg. Lindberg won the Audience Award at the 2003 Kristiansand International Children's Film Festival for the film.", "The Last Adventure (1974 film) The Last Adventure (Swedish: Det sista äventyret ) is a 1974 Swedish drama film directed by Jan Halldoff. The film won the award for Best Film and Göran Stangertz won the award for Best Actor at the 11th Guldbagge Awards.", "The Brothers Lionheart (1977 film) The Brothers Lionheart (Swedish: Bröderna Lejonhjärta ) is a Swedish fantasy film which was released to cinemas in Sweden on 23 September 1977, directed by Olle Hellbom and based on the book with the same name, written by Astrid Lindgren. It won Sweden's Guldbagge Award for Best Director in 1978.", "Quiet City (film) Quiet City is a 2007 film directed by Aaron Katz that premiered at the 2007 South by Southwest Film Festival in the Emerging Visions category. Subsequently it played at film festivals around the world, including the Sarasota Film Festival, Maryland Film Festival, Stockholm Film Festival and Milano Film Festival, before premiering theatrically in New York in August 2007.", "Little Ida Little Ida (Norwegian: Liten Ida ) is a 1981 Norwegian-Swedish drama film directed by Laila Mikkelsen. Sunniva Lindekleiv, Lise Fjeldstad and Rønnaug Alten shared the award for Best Actress at the 18th Guldbagge Awards.", "Insomnia (1997 film) Insomnia is a 1997 Norwegian thriller film about a police detective investigating a murder in a town located above the Arctic Circle. The investigation goes horribly wrong when he mistakenly shoots his partner and subsequently attempts to cover up his bungle. The title of the film refers to his inability to sleep, the result of his guilt (represented by the relentless glare of the midnight sun). \"Insomnia\" was the film debut of director Erik Skjoldbjærg. The screenplay was written by Nikolaj Frobenius and Skjoldbjærg, and the soundtrack by Geir Jenssen (alias Biosphere).", "All Things Fair All Things Fair (Swedish: \"Lust och fägring stor\" , literally \"Great Lust and Beauty\") is a Swedish drama film which was released to cinemas in Sweden on 3 November 1995, directed by Bo Widerberg, about a sexual relationship between a teacher and her 15-year-old student in southern Sweden during World War II. Bo Widerberg's son Johan Widerberg stars as the boy and Marika Lagercrantz plays the teacher. The original title is taken from the Swedish hymn \"Den blomstertid nu kommer\", which is traditionally sung in schools before closing for the summer holiday.", "Mistreatment (film) Mistreatment (Swedish: Misshandlingen , also known as Assault and Battery) is a 1969 Swedish drama film directed by Lars Lennart Forsberg. The film won the Guldbagge Award for Best Film and Forsberg won the Guldbagge Award for Best Director at the 7th Guldbagge Awards.", "Sven Klang's Combo Sven Klang's Combo (Swedish: Sven Klangs kvintett ) is a 1976 Swedish film, directed by Stellan Olsson. The film was based on a 1974 play by \"Musikteatergruppen Oktober\", and was shot in Ängelholm and Höganäs. At the 13th Guldbagge Awards it won the Special Achievement award. In 2012 it was voted one of the 25 best Swedish films of all times.", "" ]

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[ "The green car is parked." ]

[ "The green car is driving down the freeway.", "A pianist in a blue collared shirt and a black newsboy hat is seated a baby grand waiting for the conductor's cue.", "A bicycle rider performs a stunt.", "The aged shipbuilders' quarter is worth a visit.", "The Compost is Slate Magazine's permanent collection.", "A man is napping.", "The fiction is free." ]

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[ "On April 19, the BBC reported that 1,300 people had gathered outside BBC buildings in Manchester and London, protesting against what they described as Western media bias. Several days earlier, the BBC had published an article entitled \"The challenges of reporting in China\", responding to earlier criticism. The BBC's Paul Danahar noted that Chinese people were now \"able to access the BBC News website for the first time, after years of strict censorship\", and that \"many were critical of our coverage\". He provided readers with a reminder of censorship in China, and added: \"People who criticise the media for their coverage in Tibet should acknowledge that we were and still are banned from reporting there.\" He also quoted critical Chinese responses, and invited readers to comment." ]

[ "Tito's estrangement from the USSR enabled Yugoslavia to obtain US aid via the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA), the same US aid institution which administered the Marshall Plan. Still, he did not agree to align with the West, which was a common consequence of accepting American aid at the time. After Stalin's death in 1953, relations with the USSR were relaxed and he began to receive aid as well from the COMECON. In this way, Tito played East-West antagonism to his advantage. Instead of choosing sides, he was instrumental in kick-starting the Non-Aligned Movement, which would function as a 'third way' for countries interested in staying outside of the East-West divide.", "Fachhochschule is a German type of tertiary education institution and adopted later in Austria and Switzerland. They do not focus exclusively on technology, but may also offer courses in social science, medicine, business and design. They grant bachelor's degrees and master's degrees, and focus more on teaching than research and more on specific professions than on science.", "The Mughals were perhaps the richest single dynasty to have ever existed. During the Mughal era, the dominant political forces consisted of the Mughal Empire and its tributaries and, later on, the rising successor states – including the Maratha Empire – which fought an increasingly weak Mughal dynasty. The Mughals, while often employing brutal tactics to subjugate their empire, had a policy of integration with Indian culture, which is what made them successful where the short-lived Sultanates of Delhi had failed. This period marked vast social change in the subcontinent as the Hindu majority were ruled over by the Mughal emperors, most of whom showed religious tolerance, liberally patronising Hindu culture. The famous emperor Akbar, who was the grandson of Babar, tried to establish a good relationship with the Hindus. However, later emperors such as Aurangazeb tried to establish complete Muslim dominance, and as a result several historical temples were destroyed during this period and taxes imposed on non-Muslims. Akbar declared \"Amari\" or non-killing of animals in the holy days of Jainism. He rolled back the jizya tax for non-Muslims. The Mughal emperors married local royalty, allied themselves with local maharajas, and attempted to fuse their Turko-Persian culture with ancient Indian styles, creating a unique Indo-Saracenic architecture. It was the erosion of this tradition coupled with increased brutality and centralization that played a large part in the dynasty's downfall after Aurangzeb, who unlike previous emperors, imposed relatively non-pluralistic policies on the general population, which often inflamed the majority Hindu population.", "Interference can hamper memorization and retrieval. There is retroactive interference, when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information and proactive interference, where prior learning disrupts recall of new information. Although interference can lead to forgetting, it is important to keep in mind that there are situations when old information can facilitate learning of new information. Knowing Latin, for instance, can help an individual learn a related language such as French – this phenomenon is known as positive transfer.", "A red dye called Kermes was made beginning in the Neolithic Period by drying and then crushing the bodies of the females of a tiny scale insect in the genus Kermes, primarily Kermes vermilio. The insects live on the sap of certain trees, especially Kermes oak trees near the Mediterranean region. Jars of kermes have been found in a Neolithic cave-burial at Adaoutse, Bouches-du-Rhône. Kermes from oak trees was later used by Romans, who imported it from Spain. A different variety of dye was made from Porphyrophora hamelii (Armenian cochineal) scale insects that lived on the roots and stems of certain herbs. It was mentioned in texts as early as the 8th century BC, and it was used by the ancient Assyrians and Persians.", "During the year following that contract, with Dodsley, Burke founded the influential Annual Register, a publication in which various authors evaluated the international political events of the previous year. The extent to which Burke contributed to the Annual Register is unclear: in his biography of Burke, Robert Murray quotes the Register as evidence of Burke's opinions, yet Philip Magnus in his biography does not cite it directly as a reference. Burke remained the chief editor of the publication until at least 1789 and there is no evidence that any other writer contributed to it before 1766.", "On February 18, 1966, Kerry enlisted in the Naval Reserve. He began his active duty military service on August 19, 1966. After completing 16 weeks of Officer Candidate School at the U.S. Naval Training Center in Newport, Rhode Island, Kerry received his officer's commission on December 16, 1966. During the 2004 election, Kerry posted his military records at his website, and permitted reporters to inspect his medical records. In 2005, Kerry released his military and medical records to the representatives of three news organizations, but has not authorized full public access to those records." ]

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[ "NARA's holdings are classed into \"record groups\" reflecting the governmental department or agency from which they originated. Records include paper documents, microfilm, still pictures, motion pictures, and electronic media." ]

[ "In February 2016, West again became embroiled in controversy when he posted a tweet seemingly asserting Bill Cosby's innocence in the wake of over 50 women making allegations of sexual assault directed at Cosby.", "After a death sentence is affirmed in state collateral review, the prisoner may file for federal habeas corpus, which is a unique type of lawsuit that can be brought in federal courts. Federal habeas corpus is a species of collateral review, and it is the only way that state prisoners may attack a death sentence in federal court (other than petitions for certiorari to the United States Supreme Court after both direct review and state collateral review). The scope of federal habeas corpus is governed by the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, which restricted significantly its previous scope. The purpose of federal habeas corpus is to ensure that state courts, through the process of direct review and state collateral review, have done at least a reasonable job in protecting the prisoner's federal constitutional rights. Prisoners may also use federal habeas corpus suits to bring forth new evidence that they are innocent of the crime, though to be a valid defense at this late stage in the process, evidence of innocence must be truly compelling.", "Green is common in nature, as many plants are green because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll, which is involved in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll absorbs the long wavelengths of light (red) and short wavelengths of light (blue) much more efficiently than the wavelengths that appear green to the human eye, so light reflected by plants is enriched in green. Chlorophyll absorbs green light poorly because it first arose in organisms living in oceans where purple halobacteria were already exploiting photosynthesis. Their purple color arose because they extracted energy in the green portion of the spectrum using bacteriorhodopsin. The new organisms that then later came to dominate the extraction of light were selected to exploit those portions of the spectrum not used by the halobacteria.", "Imperial College Boat Club\nThe Imperial College Boat Club was founded on 12 December 1919. The Gold medal winning GB 8+ at the 2000 Sydney Olympics had been based at Imperial College's recently refurbished boathouse and included 3 alumni of the college along with their coach Martin McElroy. The club has been highly successful, with many wins at Henley Royal Regatta including most recently in 2013 with victory in The Prince Albert Challenge Cup event. The club has been home to numerous National Squad oarsmen and women and is open to all rowers not just students of Imperial College London.", "Although dissertations on clothing and its function appear from the 19th century as colonising countries dealt with new environments, concerted scientific research into psycho-social, physiological and other functions of clothing (e.g. protective, cartage) occurred in the first half of the 20th century, with publications such as J. C. Flügel's Psychology of Clothes in 1930, and Newburgh's seminal Physiology of Heat Regulation and The Science of Clothing in 1949. By 1968, the field of environmental physiology had advanced and expanded significantly, but the science of clothing in relation to environmental physiology had changed little. While considerable research has since occurred and the knowledge-base has grown significantly, the main concepts remain unchanged, and indeed Newburgh's book is still cited by contemporary authors, including those attempting to develop thermoregulatory models of clothing development.", "Another objection is that it is not always possible to demonstrate falsehood definitively, especially if one is using statistical criteria to evaluate a null hypothesis. More generally it is not always clear, if evidence contradicts a hypothesis, that this is a sign of flaws in the hypothesis rather than of flaws in the evidence. However, this is a misunderstanding of what Popper's philosophy of science sets out to do. Rather than offering a set of instructions that merely need to be followed diligently to achieve science, Popper makes it clear in The Logic of Scientific Discovery that his belief is that the resolution of conflicts between hypotheses and observations can only be a matter of the collective judgment of scientists, in each individual case.", "\"Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act; monitoring and enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act). Data on Ethnic Groups are also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of the population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Act; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act).\"" ]

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[ "Avicenna's legacy in classical psychology is primarily embodied in the Kitab al-nafs parts of his Kitab al-shifa (The Book of Healing) and Kitab al-najat (The Book of Deliverance). These were known in Latin under the title De Anima (treatises \"on the soul\").[dubious – discuss] Notably, Avicenna develops what is called the \"flying man\" argument in the Psychology of The Cure I.1.7 as defense of the argument that the soul is without quantitative extension, which has an affinity with Descartes's cogito argument (or what phenomenology designates as a form of an \"epoche\")." ]

[ "Laing's definition of identity closely follows Erikson's, in emphasising the past, present and future components of the experienced self. He also develops the concept of the \"metaperspective of self\", i.e. the self's perception of the other's view of self, which has been found to be extremely important in clinical contexts such as anorexia nervosa. (Saunderson and O'Kane, 2005). Harré also conceptualises components of self/identity – the \"person\" (the unique being I am to myself and others) along with aspects of self (including a totality of attributes including beliefs about one's characteristics including life history), and the personal characteristics displayed to others.", "Morning (2008) looked at high school biology textbooks during the 1952-2002 period and initially found a similar pattern with only 35% directly discussing race in the 1983–92 period from initially 92% doing so. However, this has increased somewhat after this to 43%. More indirect and brief discussions of race in the context of medical disorders have increased from none to 93% of textbooks. In general, the material on race has moved from surface traits to genetics and evolutionary history. The study argues that the textbooks' fundamental message about the existence of races has changed little.", "There are over three thousand islands along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang. The largest, Zhoushan Island, is Mainland China's third largest island, after Hainan and Chongming. There are also many bays, of which Hangzhou Bay is the largest. Zhejiang has a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Spring starts in March and is rainy with changeable weather. Summer, from June to September is long, hot, rainy, and humid. Fall is generally dry, warm and sunny. Winters are short but cold except in the far south. Average annual temperature is around 15 to 19 °C (59 to 66 °F), average January temperature is around 2 to 8 °C (36 to 46 °F) and average July temperature is around 27 to 30 °C (81 to 86 °F). Annual precipitation is about 1,000 to 1,900 mm (39 to 75 in). There is plenty of rainfall in early summer, and by late summer Zhejiang is directly threatened by typhoons forming in the Pacific.", "This makes it the most varied newspaper in terms of political support in British history. Some columnists in The Times are connected to the Conservative Party such as Daniel Finkelstein, Tim Montgomerie, Matthew Parris and Matt Ridley, but there are also columnists connected to the Labour Party such as David Aaronovitch, Phil Collins, Oliver Kamm and Jenni Russell.", "UNFPA provided aid to Peru's reproductive health program in the mid-to-late '90s. When it was discovered a Peruvian program had been engaged in carrying out coercive sterilizations, UNFPA called for reforms and protocols to protect the rights of women seeking assistance. UNFPA was not involved in the scandal, but continued work with the country after the abuses had become public to help end the abuses and reform laws and practices. ", "Dvaitādvaita was proposed by Nimbarka, a 13th-century Vaishnava Philosopher from the Andhra region. According to this philosophy there are three categories of existence: Brahman, soul, and matter. Soul and matter are different from Brahman in that they have attributes and capacities different from Brahman. Brahman exists independently, while soul and matter are dependent. Thus soul and matter have an existence that is separate yet dependent. Further, Brahman is a controller, the soul is the enjoyer, and matter the thing enjoyed. Also, the highest object of worship is Krishna and his consort Radha, attended by thousands of gopis; of the Vrindavan; and devotion consists in self-surrender.", "The conversion rate of omega-6 DGLA to AA largely determines the production of the prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2. Omega-3 EPA prevents AA from being released from membranes, thereby skewing prostaglandin balance away from pro-inflammatory PGE2 (made from AA) toward anti-inflammatory PGE1 (made from DGLA). Moreover, the conversion (desaturation) of DGLA to AA is controlled by the enzyme delta-5-desaturase, which in turn is controlled by hormones such as insulin (up-regulation) and glucagon (down-regulation). The amount and type of carbohydrates consumed, along with some types of amino acid, can influence processes involving insulin, glucagon, and other hormones; therefore, the ratio of omega-3 versus omega-6 has wide effects on general health, and specific effects on immune function and inflammation, and mitosis (i.e., cell division)." ]

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[ "These measures implemented together improve accountability over government operations." ]

[ "These measures cannot be used to improve accountability over government operations.", "There are two kids running.", "The convention said slavery would continue.", "A young girl is kicking the ball.", "Two men are sitting at a bus stop.", "The information can be hard to find sometimes.", "A man is fishing off of a deck." ]

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[ "Lowering extinction can be used to estimate numerical measures related to human perceptions." ]

[ "Decreasing extinction cannot be used to make estimates.", "Two children wait on a bench while others board a ride.", "Helen Gurley Brown talked about the plus sides to Sexual Harassment.", "Ten people are praying", "Humans near a table", "All I meet are rich men.", "A man falling over in the ocean." ]

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[ "Frankenmuth Frankenmuth is a city in Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,838 at the 2000 census. The 2009 census estimate places the population at 4,619. The city is located within Frankenmuth Township, but is politically independent. Bronner's CHRISTmas Wonderland, which bills itself as the World's Largest Christmas Store, is located in Frankenmuth. The most popular nickname is Muth, but the city is also nicknamed Little Bavaria (see History below)." ]

[ "Saginaw County MichiganFrankenmuth Township History of Places. Entry from: Michigan state gazetteer and business directory for 1863/1864, embracing historical and descriptive sketches of all the cities, towns and villages throughout the state. A township and post village of Saginaw county, situated on the Cass river, 80 miles north-west from Detroit. This township and village is settled almost exclusively by Hollanders, and Hollandische is the only language spoken in the neighborhood.", "Mulliken, MI Sponsored Topics. Mulliken is a village in Eaton County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 557 at the 2000 census. The village is within Roxand Township. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.0 square miles (2.7 km²), all land.", "Welcome! City of Coopersville. If you are looking for a great place to live, start a business, work or play, Coopersville, Michigan is the place for you. Conveniently located between Grand Rapids and Muskegon, Coopersville is just off I-96 via Exit 16 or Exit 19. Coopersville offers the best of all worlds.", "Michigan City, Indiana The eastern edge of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore is also located in Michigan City. Features include Mount Baldy, a large wandering dune. A larger dune, Hoosier Slide, sat at the site of the current electrical generating station.", "Wixom, MI Wixom, MI. Wixom is located in southeast Michigan. Wixom is part of Oakland County. Wixom has 9.15 square miles of land area and 0.21 square miles of water area. As of 2010-2014, the total Wixom population is 13,640, which has grown 2.84% since 2000.", "Michigamme, Michigan Michigamme is an unincorporated community in Marquette County of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a census-designated place (CDP) for statistical purposes and without any legal status as a municipality. As of the 2000 census, the CDP population was 287.", "Winamac, Indiana Winamac, Indiana topic. Winamac is a town in Monroe Township , Pulaski County , in the U.S. state of Indiana . The population was 2,490 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Pulaski County . History The town's name came from the Potawatomi word for catfish. It was selected as the county seat in 1839. Winamac was incorporated as a town in 1868.", "Romantic Lodging Discover the special Bavarian charm of Frankenmuth, MI, located in the heart of central Michigan, when you book a room with us at the Fairfield Inn & Suites Frankenmuth. Our hotel, located in the center of town, offers easy access to intern.", "- DavidsonforTreasurer is in Richmond Township, Macomb County, Michigan. While you're relaxing, watching football, keeping warm on this chilly autumn Sunday, preparing for the upcoming week, maybe even reading a good book, Debbie is hard at work campaigning for your vote.", "Michigamme, Michigan 6.5 km² (2.5 mi²) of it is land and 5.6 km² (2.2 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 46.58% water. Michigamme is an unincorporated community located in Marquette County, Michigan. It is a Census-designated place (CDP) used for statistical purposes. As of the 2000 census, the community had a total population of 287. The community is located within Michigamme Township. According to the United States Census Bureau, the community has a total area of 12.1 km² (4.7 mi²). 6.5 km² (2.5 mi²) of it is land and 5.6 km² (2.2 mi²) of it is water.", "Luzerne, MI Luzerne, MI. Luzerne is located close to the center of Michigan. Luzerne is part of Oscoda County. On average, the public school district that covers Luzerne is close to the state average in quality. The Luzerne area code is 989.", "Frankenmuth, Michigan Mar. 2013 cost of living index in Frankenmuth: 84.9 (less than average, U.S. average is 100). Recent posts about Frankenmuth, Michigan on our local forum with over 1,800,000 registered users.", "Portland Portland, MI. Sponsored Topics. Portland is a city in Ionia County of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 3,789. The city is situated in the south central portion of Portland Township, but is administratively autonomous.", "West Michigan In general, West Michigan often refers to the area bounded by the cities of Muskegon (in the north), Grand Rapids (in the northeast), Kalamazoo-Battle Creek (in the southeast) and St.Joseph-Benton Harbor (in the southwest).", "Michigan City, Indiana Michigan City, Indiana. Michigan City is a city in LaPorte County, Indiana, United States. It is one of the two principal cities of the Michigan City-La Porte, Indiana Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City Combined Statistical Area.", "Macomb, Illinois Macomb, Illinois. Macomb /məˈkoʊm/ is a city in and the county seat of McDonough County, Illinois, United States.[3] It is situated in western Illinois, southwest of Galesburg.", "Notre Dame Preparatory (Pontiac, Michigan) Pontiac is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan, located near Metro Detroit. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 59,515. It is the", "Frankenmuth Frankenmuth, Michigan. Frankenmuth is a city in Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,944 at the 2010 census. The city is located within Frankenmuth Township, but is politically independent. Bronner's Christmas Wonderland, which bills itself as the World's Largest Christmas Store, is located in Frankenmuth.", "Henderson, MI Henderson, MI. Henderson is located in southeast Michigan. Henderson is between the Shiawassee, Saginaw county. Henderson has 3.60 square miles of land area and 0.07 square miles of water area. As of 2010-2014, the total Henderson population is 380. Henderson median household income is $34,286 in 2010-2014.", "Wakefield, Michigan Wakefield is a city in Gogebic County, Michigan, United States. It is located in the western Upper Peninsula. The population was 1,851 at the 2010 census. The city is situated within Wakefield Township, but is politically independent. It is on U.S. Highway 2 (US 2) about 10 miles (16 km) east of Ironwood and the Wisconsin border. M-28 has its western terminus in the city.", "Brockville Brockville, formerly Elizabethtown, is a city in Eastern Ontario, Canada in the Thousand Islands region. Although it is the seat of the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, it is politically independent of the county.", "Frankenmuth, Michigan The city's name is a combination of two words. Franken represents the Province of Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria, home of the Franks, where the original settlers were from.", "- Vicksburg, Michigan is located approximately 13 miles south of Kalamazoo – bounded by Brady, Pavilion, Schoolcraft and Wakeshma Townships in south Kalamazoo County.", "Michigan City, Indiana Michigan City is a city in LaPorte County, Indiana, United States. It is one of the two principal cities of the Michigan City-La Porte, Indiana Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is included in the Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City Combined Statistical Area.", "Mackinaw City Mackinaw City is a small city in the Mackinac Area at the tip of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. It's the southern terminus of the 5-mile Mackinac Bridge.", "- DavidsonforTreasurer is in Richmond Township, Macomb County, Michigan. · October 30, 2016 ·. While you're relaxing, watching football, keeping warm on this chilly autumn Sunday, preparing for the upcoming week, maybe even reading a good book, Debbie is hard at work campaigning for your vote.", "Lexington Sponsored Topics. Lexington is a village in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,104 at the 2000 census. The village is located within Lexington Township. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,104 people, 550 households, and 305 families residing in the village.", "Mackinaw City Mackinaw City /ˈmækᵻnɔː ˈsɪti/ is a village in Emmet and Cheboygan counties in the U.S. state of Michigan.", "- The Neighborhood for Deckerville (Sanilac County, State of Michigan). Contains: nearby communities and much more.", "Maps and Directions Take southbound I-75 to exit #144, the Bridgeport/Frankenmuth exit. At the end of the exit ramp, make a left-hand turn. You’ll be turning onto the Dixie Highway. Follow the Dixie Highway approximately 2.5 miles to a stop light. At the light, make a left-hand turn.", "Portland, Michigan Portland is a city in Ionia County of the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,883 at the 2010 census. The city is situated in the south central portion of Portland Township and is known as the City of Two Rivers since it is the confluence of the Grand River and the Looking Glass River.", "Maps and Directions Take northbound I-75 to exit #136, the Birch Run/Frankenmuth exit. At the end of the exit ramp, make a right-hand turn. You’ll be turning onto Birch Run Road. Follow Birch Run Road approximately 3.0 miles to a stop light. At the light, make a left-hand turn. You’ll be turning onto M-83/Gera Road.", "- Boil Water Advisory in Several Oakland County Communities Commerce Township, Farmington Hills, Novi, Oakland Township, Rochester Hills, Walled Lake, West Bloomfield and Wixom, MI – Effective immediately, the Great Lakes Water Authority is issuing a MANDATORY Boil Water Advisory for the communities of Commerce Township, Farmington Hills, Novi (the area bounded by 14 Mile on […]", "Distance Between Seneca Niagara Casino & Hotel, 4th Street, Niagara Falls, NY and Seneca Allegany Casino, Salamanca, NY The estimated cost of gas to get between Seneca Niagara Casino & Hotel, 4th Street, Niagara Falls, NY and Seneca Allegany Casino, Salamanca, NY is $8.83. During the route, an average car will release 76.21 pounds of CO 2 to the atmosphere. Your carbon footprint is 0.91 pounds of CO 2 per mile. * Average US MPG used for calculations is 21.6 MPG.", "Saginaw County, MI: Criminal Defense Lawyers, Attorneys and Law Firms Saginaw County, MI: Criminal Defense Lawyers, Attorneys and Law Firms Top Cities: Saginaw, Freeland, Birch Run, Chesaning, Frankenmuth Nearby Counties: Midland County, Bay County, Tuscola County, Genesee County, Shiawassee County", "20 Best Romantic Getaways in Michigan Most have spectacular views of the surrounding nature and some are located right on the water’s edge. Popular Michigan weekend destinations include Holland, Frankenmuth, Ann Arbor and Grand Rapids. Here are the top romantic getaways in Michigan.", "Notre Dame Preparatory (Pontiac, Michigan) Pontiac, Michigan. Pontiac /ˈpɒntiæk, ˈpɒni-/ is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan, located in Metro Detroit. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 59,515. It is the county seat of Oakland County. and about 12 miles (19 km) north and slightly west of the Detroit city limits.", "- Do one of the following: To resize a picture, under Picture Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, enter the measurements that you want into the Height and Width boxes. Note If you do not see the Picture Tools and Format tabs, make sure that you selected a picture, shape, text box, or WordArt.To resize a shape, text box, or WordArt; under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Size group, enter the measurements that you want into the Height and Width boxes.Note If you do not see the Drawing Tools and Format tabs, make sure that you selected a picture, shape, text box, or WordArt.esize manually. Click the picture, shape, text box, or WordArt that you want to resize. Note If you have trouble selecting the object because it is behind another object or objects, click the top object, and then press TAB until your object is selected.", "Almont, Michigan Almont is a village in Lapeer County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,803 at the 2000 census. The village is located within Almont Township. Almont was first settled in 1828 by James Deneen. It received a post office in 1835 named Bristol, for Oliver Bristol, the second permanent settler. The village was platted as Newburg in 1836.", "- Breckenridge, Michigan. Breckenridge is a village in Gratiot County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,328 at the 2010 census. The village is located in Wheeler Township.", "#SEEFRANKENMUTH From fantastic festivals, eclectic shopping and wonderful indoor waterparks, to rich historical beauty and culture, it's the ideal departure from the ordinary every day. Visit anytime and count the ways you can enjoy everything Frankenmuth has to offer.", "- In the heart of Frankenmuth Michigan's Little Bavaria, a town visited by millions each year, the Marv Herzog Hotel offers the perfect home away from home. From here, guests enjoy effortless access to Frankenmuth’s vibrant German heritage MORE..", "East Lansing, Michigan East Lansing, MI. Online Offers. East Lansing is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. The city is located directly east of Lansing, Michigan, the state's capital. Most of the city is within Ingham County, though a small portion lies in Clinton County. The population was 48,579 at the time of the 2010 census, an increase from 46,420 at the 2000 census.", "Frankenmuth Frankenmuth is a city in Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,944 at the 2010 census. The city is located within Frankenmuth Township, but is politically independent. Bronner's Christmas Wonderland, which bills itself as the World's Largest Christmas Store, is located in Frankenmuth.", "Ann Arbor, Michigan Located in Southeast Michigan, just 45 miles west of Detroit and 35 miles north of the Ohio border. Ann Arbor is home to the University of Michigan, one of the country's most prestigious public universities.", "Welcome to Genesee Otter Lake Campground This secluded Michigan oasis is located in the North East corner of Genesee County, on the banks of Michigan's Twin Sisters Lakes. Just 15 minutes from the historic Frankenmuth, and Birch Run Shopping Center. Nestled among the majestic oak & maple trees, this relaxing destination offer it's guests, 129 campsites with water & electric connections, 12 pull-through campsites, camper cabin rentals, nature trails and access to a privately owned lake.", "Lambertville Sponsored Topics. Lambertville is an unincorporated community in Monroe County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the name of the area served by the Lambertville Post Office. The Lambertville ZIP code, 48144, serves the southwest part of Bedford Township, as well as portions of adjacent Whiteford Township.", "- Today Independence Village of Frankenmuth became a partner in education along with List Elementary 4th grade students in their Reading Buddies program. With hel... p from a grant for bussing from the Youth Advisory Council, these youngsters will come various times in the next 3 months to share and practice their reading skills with some very receptive and excited residents!", "- Betsie River. The Betsie River is located in Grand Traverse, Benzie and Manistee counties. The stream originates at Green Lake near the village of Interlochen and flows in a westerly direction to its outlet into Betsie Lake and Lake Michigan near Elberta and Frankfort.", "Mississauga Mississauga /ˌmɪsɪˈsɒɡə/ ( listen)[note 1] is a city in the Canadian province of Ontario. Situated in Southern Ontario, it lies on the shores of Lake Ontario in the Regional Municipality of Peel. It is part of the Greater Toronto Area, to the west of Toronto.", "48430 48430. Fenton is located in eastern Genesee County. It was first settled in 1834 by Clark Dibble and originally called Dibbleville. In 1837, William Fenton and Robert LeRoy purchased a large plot of land there and registered it under the name of Fentonville. LeRoy built a hotel there the same year and also became the postmaster. Later, Fenton went on to become lieutenant governor of Michigan. The town incorporated with the name of Fenton in 1863.", "East Lansing, Michigan Sponsored Topics. East Lansing is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. The city is located directly east of Lansing, Michigan, the state's capital. Most of the city is within Ingham County, though a small portion lies in Clinton County. The population was 48,579 at the time of the 2010 census, an increase from 46,420 at the 2000 census.", "Edwardsburg, Michigan For the township in Ontario, see Edwardsburgh/Cardinal. Edwardsburg is a village in Cass County in the U.S. state of Michigan, northeast of South Bend. The population was 1,259 at the 2010 census. It is part of the South Bend–Mishawaka, IN-MI, Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "Saginaw, Michigan For other uses, see Saginaw (disambiguation). Saginaw /ˈsæɡ.ᵻ.nɔː/ is a city in the State of Michigan and the seat of Saginaw County. The city of Saginaw and Saginaw County are both located in the area known as Mid-Michigan or Central Michigan. The city of Saginaw is located adjacent to Saginaw Charter Township and is considered part of the Tri-City area, along with neighboring Bay City and Midland.", "Flint, Mich. Most dangerous cities. Flint, Mich. The birthplace of General Motors, Flint has been in economic free fall ever since the auto industry began its own precipitous decline. In the early 1980s, there were nearly 80,000 auto manufacturing jobs in the city. Now, they're nearly all gone.", "Maps and Directions View the interactive map that allows you to see all of the businesses and their locations in Frankenmuth. Click here to download the city map of just the streets or the city map with businesses.", "About us Helmut Mack is a wine importer with more than 10 years of experience in the wine trade. He grew up in Franconia, a German province that is home to some of the most beautiful wines in Europe – Frankenwein.", "Manistique, Michigan Manistique, Michigan. For the racehorse, see Manistique (horse). Manistique, formerly Monistique, is the only incorporated city in and the county seat of Schoolcraft County of the U.S. state of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 3,097. The city lies on the north shore of Lake Michigan, adjacent the southwest corner of Manistique Township.", "- 1881 Saginaw County History-entry for Frankenmuth Township. This section contains history of the pioneers, first landowners, people who held office and biographies, etc.", "- Zip Code 48168 Income. 48168 is located in the state of Michigan in the Detroit metro area. Zip code 48168 is primarily located in Wayne County. Portions of 48168 are also located in Washtenaw County. The official postal service name used for 48168 is NORTHVILLE, Michigan. Portions of the 48168 zip code are contained within or border the city limits of Northville, MI, Plymouth Township, MI, and Livonia, MI.", "- (2 replies). Latest news from Frankenmuth, MI collected exclusively by city-data.com from local newspapers, TV, and radio stations. Ancestries: German (41.2%), Polish (12.8%), English (5.6%), Irish (4.9%), French (4.6%), Dutch (4.2%). Current Local Time: EST time zone. Elevation: 635 feet. Land area: 2.73 square miles.", "Montcalm Township, Michigan Montcalm Township, Michigan. (Redirected from Gowen, Michigan) Montcalm Township is a civil township of Montcalm County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,178 at the 2000 census.", "- Coopersville, Michigan. Coopersville is a city located in north central Ottawa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,275 at the 2010 census. It is primarily a farming community. The city is located within Polkton Township, though it is administratively autonomous.", "Detroit Case Study Detroit Case Study. Detroit Case Study. Detroit is a city located in North America on the south east edge of the Michigan state which borders Wisconsin, Ohio and Indiana and Lake St Clair is to the east of Detroit. It is currently the largest city in Michigan.", "MidMichigan Health Main Switchboard. 989-839-3000. Michigan Medicine is proud to affiliate with MidMichigan Health, headquartered in Midland with hospitals in Midland, Alpena, Alma, Clare, Gladwin and Mt. Pleasant. MidMichigan Health provides a complete spectrum of care, including:", "Centreville, Michigan Centreville is a village in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of St. Joseph County. The population was 1,425 at the 2010 census.", "Berrien Springs, Michigan Berrien Springs is a village in Berrien County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,800 at the 2010 census. The village is located within Oronoko Charter Township. Berrien Springs is best known for its Seventh-day Adventist community and Andrews University. Reflecting the town's population, many of the businesses in town are closed on Saturdays.", "Chelsea, Michigan - 48118 Chelsea, Michigan - 48118 . Photos courtesy of: Ken Huisjen . Chelsea is located in Washtenaw County, just a few miles west of the greater Ann Arbor area. It has a diverse economy, including food processing, bookcrafting and being the location for a major auto proving ground. Chelsea was first settled in 1820 by Cyrus Beckwith, along with Elisha and James Congdon.", "#SEEFRANKENMUTH Visit anytime and count the ways you can enjoy everything Frankenmuth has to offer. Frankenmuth hotels offer families affordable options for Michigan getaways. Whether you're coming for the Frankenmuth beer festival, or to take in a German town experience, Frankenmuth is a wonderful destination. Family Fun.", "Frankfort Frankfort stands on the shores of Lake Michigan. The pristine dunes, beaches and spectacular sunsets awe visitors and locals alike.", "Chelsea, Michigan - 48118 Chelsea, Michigan - 48118. Chelsea is located in Washtenaw County, just a few miles west of the greater Ann Arbor area. It has a diverse economy, including food processing, bookcrafting and being the location for a major auto proving ground. Chelsea was first settled in 1820 by Cyrus Beckwith, along with Elisha and James Congdon.", "WELCOME TOZEHNDER'S OF FRANKENMUTH Eat, sleep, shop, and play in the Bavarian themed village of Frankenmuth, Michigan. Just 90 miles north of Detroit and voted best day trip in Michigan by Detroit News readers, Zehnder's and Frankenmuth is enjoyed by millions of people each year. Hospitality abounds with traditional All You Can Eat Family Style Chicken dinners at the world-famous Zehnder's of Frankenmuth Restaurant.", "East Lansing, Michigan East Lansing is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan directly east of Lansing, the state capital. Most of the city is within Ingham County, with the rest in Clinton County. The population was 48,579 at the 2010 census, an increase from 46,420 in 2000.", "Beulah, Michigan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Beulah is a village in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Benzie County. The population was 342 at the 2010 census. It is located in Benzonia Township at the southeast end of Crystal Lake, about one mile (1.6 km) north of Benzonia on U.S. Highway 31 (US 31).Beulah was founded in 1880 by Charles E. Bailey. Its name comes from Isaiah 62:4. The Beulah post office was established in 1892.he population was 342 at the 2010 census. It is located in Benzonia Township at the southeast end of Crystal Lake, about one mile (1.6 km) north of Benzonia on U.S. Highway 31 (US 31). Beulah was founded in 1880 by Charles E. Bailey. Its name comes from Isaiah 62:4.", "Berrien Springs, Michigan Berrien Springs is a village in Berrien County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,800 at the 2010 census. The village is located within Oronoko Charter Township. Berrien Springs is best known for its Seventh-day Adventist community and Andrews University.", "Edwardsburg, Michigan Edwardsburg, Michigan. Edwardsburg is a village in Cass County in the U.S. state of Michigan, northeast of South Bend. The population was 1,259 at the 2010 census. It is part of the South Bend–Mishawaka, IN-MI, Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "- Welcome to the Bavarian Inn of Frankenmuth Willkommen to the real-life Bavarian Magical Kingdom of Frankenmuth! Are you looking for fun and interesting places to experience on your Michigan vacation? To find a place this perfect and this picturesque, one normally has to thumb through a book of fairy tales.", "Saginaw Saginaw, MI. Online Offers. Saginaw is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the seat of Saginaw County. The city of Saginaw was once a thriving lumber town and manufacturing center. Saginaw and Saginaw County lie in the Flint/Tri-Cities region of Michigan. It is located adjacent to Saginaw Charter Township and considered part of the Tri-Cities area, along with Bay City and Midland.", "- 1 The Point Betsie Lighthouse [3] , Benzie County's most famous landmark, is located on the Lake Michigan shore of the county just south of the Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore and just north of Frankfort, Michigan.", "Belleville, Michigan Belleville, Michigan. Belleville is a city in Wayne County in the State of Michigan. The population was 3,991 at the 2010 census. It is the sister city of Machynlleth, Wales. Belleville is 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Ann Arbor and 29 miles (47 km) southwest of Detroit.", "Morenci Morenci is a city in Lenawee County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 2,398 at the 2000 census. Morenci is the birthplace of Tony Scheffler, a tight end for the Detroit Lions. An article about Scheffler's connection to Morenci was published in the State Line Observer. The settlement of Morenci was began in 1833.", "Overview of Dialysis for Kidney Failure Kidney disease comes with a long laundry list of complications. In the early stages of CKD, these complications are typically treatable with medical management. That is, pills should suffice to treat complications like high blood pressure, abnormal electrolytes, swelling or edema (that are expected to occur in CKD).", "- central mi; chatham-kent; cleveland; detroit metro; erie; flint; guelph; hamilton; jackson; kitchener; lansing; london; mansfield; meadville; monroe; niagara region; northern mi; owen sound; saginaw; sandusky; sarnia; the thumb; toledo; windsor; youngstown. us cities. atlanta; austin; boston; chicago; dallas; denver; detroit; houston; las vegas; los angeles; miami; minneapolis; new york; orange co; philadelphia; phoenix; portland", "- You are here. Northport Apartments in Macomb, Michigan, is perfectly nestled between Shelby, Sterling Heights, and Clinton Township. Our community is located on the northeast corner of M-59/Hall Road and Garfield, across the street from Macomb Community College, Partridge Creek Mall, and minutes from I-94 and Selfridge Air Force Base.", "Saginaw County, Michigan (MI) Cities in this county include: Saginaw, Saginaw Township North, Saginaw Township South, Bridgeport, Buena Vista, Carrollton, Shields, Freeland, Frankenmuth, Chesaning. Neighboring counties: Cumberland County, Maine , Columbia County, Wisconsin , Sublette County, Wyoming , Grant County, Wisconsin , Floyd County, Iowa .", "- Locations farthest away from Frankenmuth. 1 Amsterdam Island, French Southern Territories, 11,388 mi. 2 Bunbury, Western Australia, Australia, 11,185 mi. 3 Albany, Western Australia, Australia, 11,150 mi. 4 Mandurah, Western Australia, Australia, 11,146 mi. 5 Port-aux-Francais, French Southern Territories, 11,133 mi.", "- When you check in to the Hampton Inn Birch Run/Frankenmuth hotel you get a comfortable stay, a warm welcome, and a convenient location at a great rate. Right off Interstate 75, in the village of Birch Run, Michigan you are only 12 minutes f.", "- The closest town to the halfway point is Shaftsburg, MI, situated 51.72 miles from Ionia, MI and 59.71 miles from Frankenmuth, MI. It would take 1 hour 4 mins to go from Ionia to Shaftsburg and 1 hour 13 mins to go from Frankenmuth to Shaftsburg.", "___ Searchable Map and Satellite View of Detroit, MI (with 45-degree image coverage) Satellite view showing Detroit, largest city in Michigan and the seat of Wayne County in the United States. The city is located in southeastern Michigan on the Detroit River (connecting Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair), opposite Windsor, Ontario, Canada.", "- Ironwood is located at the very western end of Michigans Upper Peninsula in Gogebic County. It is situated across the Montreal River from Hurley, Wisconsin, which marks the boundary between the two states.", "Belleville, MI Sponsored Topics. Belleville is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,997 at the 2000 census. It is the sister city of Machynlleth, Wales. Belleville is 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Ann Arbor and 29 miles (47 km) southwest of Detroit.", "Fennville, Michigan - Fennville is located in the central-western section of Allegan County, approximately 7 miles from Lake Michigan. This is a thriving agricultural community situated amid pleasant farms and orchards.", "Certified Public Accountant CPA exam[edit] In order to become a CPA in the United States, the candidate must sit for and pass the Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination (Uniform CPA Exam), which is set by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and administered by the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA).", "- Frankenmuth Township Office 218 W. Genesee PO Box 245 Frankenmuth, Michigan 48734 1-989-652-6741 FAX: 1-989-652-3795.", "- 1 Tallmadge is an unincorporated community near the center of the township at 42°59′33″N 85°50′03″W / 42.99250°N 85.83417°W / 42.99250; -85.83417 (Tallmadge, Michigan). The city of Coopersville is to the northwest, and the Coopersville ZIP code 49404 serves areas in the northwest part of Tallmadge Township.", "Harrisville Harrisville is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Alcona County. The population was 493 at the 2010 census. The city is surrounded by Harrisville Township, but is administratively autonomous. Located on Lake Huron, it is an official Michigan Department of Natural Resources Harbor of Refuge.", "- Bert Suggests test-driving a neighborhood in Wayne with an affordable short term rental. Click here to find the right place on Airbnb. Location: Southeast Michigan, along the Detroit River, across the border from Windsor, Ontario, Canada.", "Brooklyn Brooklyn is located in a portion of central lower Michigan known for its lush, rolling green landscapes in the Irish Hills area of Southeast Michigan which contains scenic lakes surrounding Hayes State Park and Cambridge Junction Historic State Park which adjoins the Michigan International Speedway.", "Sheridan, Michigan Sheridan is located in south-central Montcalm County and is split in half by Evergreen and Sidney Townships. The western half is graced by a lake, complete with park and beach. The Sheridan Springfest is celebrated annually on Memorial day weekend. If you have comments or suggestions, please take a minute to write to the . Back to Main Page.", "Michigamme, Michigan The Michigamme ZIP code, 49861, serves a much larger area to the north and west of the lake, including portions of Michigamme Township and Republic Township in Marquette County and Spurr Township Covington Township in Baraga County.", "Goderich, Ontario Goderich (pronounced either God-rich or God-er-ich) is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario and is the county seat of Huron County. The town was founded by William Tiger Dunlop in 1827.he salt deposits at Goderich are from an ancient sea bed of Silurian age, part of the Salina Formation. The halite rock salt is also found in Windsor, Ontario, both located on the eastern periphery of the Michigan Basin, on the southeastern shores of Lake Huron.", "These Are The 10 Safest Places In Michigan For 2018 Northville, Michigan. Northville is a city located in and divided by Oakland and Wayne counties in the U.S. state of Michigan. The area is a suburb of Metropolitan Detroit. The population was 5,970 at the 2010 census. Most of the city is in Oakland County and is surrounded by the city of Novi.", "Beulah, Michigan Beulah is a village in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Benzie County.he population was 342 at the 2010 census. It is located in Benzonia Township at the southeast end of Crystal Lake, about one mile (1.6 km) north of Benzonia on U.S. Highway 31 (US 31). Beulah was founded in 1880 by Charles E. Bailey. Its name comes from Isaiah 62:4.", "Coopersville Coopersville is a city located in north central Ottawa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,275 at the 2010 census. It is primarily a farming community. The city is located within Polkton Township, though it is administratively autonomous.", "Mackinaw City Mackinaw City. Mackinaw City is located at the very top of Michigan's lower peninsula, at the southern side of the Mackinac Bridge. Gateway to the Upper Peninsula, it is one of the top-of-the-list places to see in Michigan. Experience Colonial Michilimackinac, the Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse and Historic Mill Creek Discovery Park.", "Recipes Bavarian Inn. A piece of Michigan's Little Bavaria, Frankenmuth, can be enjoyed at all our store locations. We are now exclusively serving from Bavarian Inn's Bakery, Backofen Brot bread for your sampling pleasure! Check out our latest recipes.", "West Michigan Maps & Destinations WEST MICHIGAN REGIONAL MAP. Located halfway up the West Michigan coastline, this map encompasses an area from Manistee, 30 miles north of Ludington--to Shelby, 30 miles south of Ludington--along the US-31 highway. Within this region are the villages of Hart, Pentwater, and Silver Lake. Driving on US-10 from the east, you'll go through Baldwin, Custer, and Scottville. Or arrive by water via the S.S. Badger car ferry, which sails May-October across Lake Michigan to Manitowoc, Wisconsin.", "- East Lansing is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. The city is located directly east of Lansing, Michigan, the state's capital. Most of the city is within Ingham County, though a small portion lies in Clinton County. The population was 48,579 at the time of the 2010 census, an increase from 46,420 at the 2000 census.", "Ishpeming Sponsored Topics. Ishpeming ( /ɪʃpəmɪŋ/) is a city in Marquette County in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 6,686 at the 2000 census. This is down from a higher population in the 1950s and 1960s when the economically supportive iron ore mines had a much higher employment level.", "Goderich, Ontario Located on the eastern shore of Lake Huron at the mouth of the Maitland River, Goderich is notable for its sunsets. Queen Elizabeth II once commented that Goderich was the prettiest town in Canada although no reigning monarch has ever visited Goderich.oderich's downtown has an octagonal traffic circle known as 'The Square'. The county courthouse stands in the middle of The Square. This is where, in 1959, Steven Truscott was convicted of murdering Lynne Harper.", "- Zehnder's is a tourist 'must do' in Frankenmuth, MI but unlike other 'tourist traps' this is hands down worth it. Service is quick, frequent, and always with a smile. The ambiance and history of the building is fantastic.", "Manistique Sponsored Topics. Manistique is a city in the Upper Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 3,583. It is the county seat of Schoolcraft County and the only incorporated community in the county. The city lies on the north shore of Lake Michigan, at the southwest corner of Manistique Township, but is politically autonomous.", "Lansing, Michigan Lansing is located in the south-central part of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, where the Grand River meets the Red Cedar River. The city occupies most of what had formerly been part of Lansing Charter Township.", "- Confidence votes 20. waterford michigan is a suburb of detroit(so therefor is by detroit).", "- Get into the swim of things at Zehnder's Splash Village Hotel & Waterpark in Frankenmuth, Mid Michigan's largest indoor waterpark, with 50,000 square feet of indoor aquatic family fun, two 6-story thrill slides, two 4-story waterslides and 178 hotel rooms including 74 luxurious family suites and 22 waterpark view rooms.", "Town of Germantown — The Township of Germantown lies in the central plain of Wisconsin, midway between the cities of Madison and LaCrosse, ten miles from Interstate 90/94. Germantown is surrounded by the Townships of Necedah, Clearfield, Lisbon, Lemonweir, and Marion. Our Community Center, Town Hall, and Germantown Park are located at:", "Where is Waterford, MI? Location of Waterford on a map. Waterford is a city found in Michigan, The United States Of America. It is located 42.69 latitude and -83.41 longitude and it is situated at elevation 302 meters above sea level. Waterford has a population of 75,737 making it the 15th biggest city in Michigan.", "About Michigan Cities 1 Pontiac is an industrial city northwest of Detroit on the Clinton River. Its chief products are automobiles and parts, trucks, and buses. The largest city in the southwestern part of the state is Kalamazoo, which is the center of Michigan's paper industry.", "- Frankfort [1] lies on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan in Benzie County in the Grand Traverse Bay Area of Michigan.", "County Treasurer October 1: By October 1, the County Assessor prepares the property tax schedule (tax roll) for the county and delivers it for billing. The tax roll lists every property, description, owner, address, value for property tax purposes, classification, exemptions allowed, applicable tax rates and tax amount.", "- The Brooklyn-Irish Hills Chamber of Commerce is located at 124 S. Main Street, in downtown Brooklyn, Michigan. Please use the map below for easy reference when you come visit us. DIRECTIONS FROM: Ann Arbor, Michigan • Kalamazoo, Michigan • Fort Wayne, Indiana • Toledo, Ohio.", "Mackinaw City Sponsored Topics. Mackinaw City ( /mækɨnɔː sɪti/) is a village in Emmet and Cheboygan counties in the U.S. state of Michigan. At the 2000 census the population was 859. The name Mackinaw City is a bit of a misnomer as it is actually a village.", "New Franken, Wisconsin Show map of the US. New Franken is an unincorporated community in the towns of Scott, Green Bay, and Humboldt in Brown County, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the Green Bay Metropolitan Statistical Area. Dave Zuidmulder, NFL football player, was born in New Franken.", "Great Lakes Michigan Location of. As a part of North America, Michigan is located in the East North Central region of the United States. It's bordered by the states of Ohio, Indiana and Wisconsin; the Canadian province of Ontario, and by Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Lake Huron and Lake Erie.", "- Portions of the 48182 zip code are contained within or border the city limits of Temperance, MI, Lambertville, MI, and Toledo, OH. The 48182 area code is 734. 48182 can be classified socioeconically as a Middle Class class zipcode in comparison to other zipcodes in Michigan.", "Riverside Apartments and Virginia Manor Neighborhood - Marshall/Albion. Marshall/Albion. Albion and Marshall are located 13 miles apart in the south central region of the lower peninsula of Michigan, about 20 miles southeast of Battle Creek. They are both small towns in a traditional Midwest style.", "About Us A fine Detroit tradition now located in Shelby Township, The Kubisch Sausage Company in Detroit has been making fine gourmet meat products since 1936. It’s the proud home of the Long John Snacks. The company’s new headquarters combines a state-of-the-art facility with old world methods that date back to the original European recipes.", "- The Town of Amherstburg is located on Detroit River near Lake Erie. First settled 1784, it became the new base for the British after they evacuated Detroit. Amherstburg, Ont, incorporated as a town in 1878, population 21 556 (2011c), 21 748 (2006c).", "- The City of Frankenmuth (GNIS ID: 1626303) has a C5 Census Class Code which indicates an active incorporated place that is independent of any county subdivision and serves as a county subdivision equivalent.", "Willow Run The Willow Run manufacturing complex, located between Ypsilanti and Belleville, Michigan, was constructed in the early years of World War II by Ford Motor Company for the mass production of war munitions, especially the B-24 Liberator heavy bomber.", "Pontiac, Michigan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Pontiac /ˈpɒnᵗiæk/ is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan, located in Metro Detroit. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 59,515. It is the county seat of Oakland County. and about 12 miles (19 km) north and slightly west of the Detroit city limits.", "\"Help My Account0My Shopping Cart$0.00Christmas LightsC7 Bulbs & CordsC9 Bulbs & CordsLEDsMiniaturesNight LightsNovelty & SpecialtyReplacement Bulbs, Fuses, & AccessoriesChristmas OrnamentsOrnamentsAnimal, Birds, Flowers, Insects, & NatureBaby & New ParentsBlessings & PrayersBronner's ExclusiveDatedEthnic PrideEuropean-MadeFishingFood & BeverageHobbiesmore OrnamentsJingle BellLegends, Symbols, & TraditionsLicensedLove, Wedding, & AnniversaryMiniature Ornaments & AccessoriesMusicNovelty, Nostalgia, & FunOccupationsOld World Christmas OrnamentsOrnament Stands, Hangers, & Boxeseven more OrnamentsReligiousS'moresSanta ClausSchool & GraduationSetsShatterproofSnowflake, Icicle, & Ice CubeSnowmenSportsSpun GlassUSA ThemeU.S. ArtisansChristmas Stockings & HangersChristmas StockingsStocking HangersPersonalized Ornaments & GiftsOrnamentsGiftsOutdoor DécorDecorationsLarge Outdoor Lighted ShapesLighted Plastic ItemsOutdoor LightingSmall Lighted Ornamental ShapesNativity ScenesFontanini Collection12\"\" Fontanini Nativity7½\"\" Fontanini Nativity5\"\" Fontanini Nativity3½\"\" Fontanini NativityLighted NativitiesLife-Size Lighted PlasticTraditional Lighted PlasticWhite Marble Lighted PlasticLighted ShapesHome NativitiesCollectionsOrnamentsStablesCollectiblesDepartment 56Alpine Village SeriesChristmas In The City VillageClassic BrandsDicken's VillageGeneral Village AccessoriesHalloween VillageNew England VillageNorth Pole VillageSnow VillageCollectiblesCharming TailsInternational FlagsJim ShoreKurt Adler SantasM.I. Hummel FigurinesPossible Dreams SantasPrecious MomentsSnowbabiesSteins, Mugs, & Shot GlassesWillow Tree CollectionChristmas Trees & AccessoriesBranched GarlandsNovelty, Bead, & Tinsel GarlandsPre-Lit TreesTree AccessoriesTree SkirtsTree ToppersUn-Lit TreesWreaths & SwagsSanta Suits, Hats, & AccessoriesAccessoriesHatsSuitsNew Advent Made in USA Holidays & Seasons Home Decor Sale\" The sights, sounds, and spirit of CHRISTmas completely surround you at this amazing store, which is the size of one and a half football fields. Bronner's is overflowing with 50,000 trims and gifts. Bronner's is located in Frankenmuth, Michigan's Little Bavaria..", "Kalamazoo, Michigan Kalamazoo /ˌkaeləməˈzuː/ ˌkæləməˈzuː is a city in the southwest region of The.U. s state Of. michigan", "Apartments for rent in Waterford, MI Waterford, a charming Midwestern township northeast of Detroit, is ideally located between Motor City and Flint.", "Frankenmuth, MI Profile: Facts, Map & Data The formal boundaries for the City of Frankenmuth (see map below) encompass a land area of 3.04 sq. miles and a water area of 0.05 sq. miles. Saginaw County is in the Eastern time zone (GMT -5). The elevation is 636 feet.", "Zehnder's Splash Village Hotel & Waterpark Very good food with a big variety to select from.... very good service, good shopping..easy to travel to....fun place to visit...very family friendly,,,,centrally located in the heart of Frankenmuth...close to many other venues and stores....", "Lambertville Lambertville, Michigan. Lambertville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Monroe County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is served by the Lambertville Post Office. The Lambertville ZIP code, 48144, serves the southwest part of Bedford Township and portions of adjacent Whiteford Township.", "- to learn more follow the link below. The Village of Kewaskum is located in southeastern Wisconsin in Washington County, 45 miles north of downtown Milwaukee and 20 miles south of Fond du Lac. Kewaskum is easily accessible, located at the intersection of USH 45 and STH 28.", "Michigan Center, Michigan Michigan Center, Michigan. Michigan Center is an unincorporated community in Leoni Township of Jackson County in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also a census-designated place (CDP) for statistical purposes and without legal status as an incorporated municipality. The population was 4,641 at the 2000 census.", "- Special Deals at the Bavarian Inn Lodge. 2 Passes for the Adventure Aerial Park and the FrankenZip at the Adventure Park in Frankenmuth. There are limited rooms available at this package rate so book today! Advanced reservations required for groups of 10 or more (call 248-429-7177).", "Apartments for rent in Three Oaks, MI Overview of Three Oaks. Three Oaks, Mich., named for its massive oak trees that stood near a town rail crossing, is home to an estimated 1,600 residents. Located in Berrien County, this village is just five miles from the shores of Lake Michigan and two miles from the Indiana border. Three Oaks is about 29 miles northwest of South Bend, Ind.", "Berrien County, Michigan Berrien County is a county located in the extreme southwest of the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the population was 156,813. The county seat is St. Joseph.", "- The community is located within Michigamme Township at the northwestern end of Lake Michigamme at 46°32′05″N 88°06′36″W / 46.53472°N 88.11000°W / 46.53472; -88.11000. The CDP encompasses an area along most of the northern shore of the lake.", "#SEEFRANKENMUTH There are a great number of things for you and your family to do in Frankenmuth. With festivities year round, the town welcomes visitors with Bavarian hospitality regardless of the season. Whether it's a day trip for the family or a weekend retreat with friends, Frankenmuth is the perfect destination to recharge, renew and refresh.", "Project management goal: Create a new project schedule Step 1: Create a new project. Create a new project from a template. Base a new project on a template pre-populated with tasks from projects similar to yours. Many of these templates have been created by industry experts to help you get started.", "Distance from Ionia, MI to Frankenmuth, MI There are 71.28 miles from Ionia to Frankenmuth in northeast direction and 111 miles (178.64 kilometers) by car, following the I-69 route. Ionia and Frankenmuth are 2 hours 9 mins far apart, if you drive non-stop. This is the fastest route from Ionia, MI to Frankenmuth, MI. The halfway point is Shaftsburg, MI.", "Tecumseh, Michigan Tecumseh, Michigan. Downtown Tecumseh. Tecumseh is a small city in Lenawee County, Michigan, United States. It is situated where M-50 crosses the River Raisin, a few miles east of M-52. Tecumseh is about 60 miles (97 km) southwest of Detroit, 25 miles (40 km) south of Ann Arbor and 40 miles (64 km) north of Toledo, Ohio.", "Amherstburg The Town of Amherstburg is located on Detroit River near Lake Erie. First settled 1784, it became the new base for the British after they evacuated Detroit. In 1796, Fort Amherstburg was established, and Loyalist refugees laid out a townsite (Malden).", "- December 21, 2007. 1 Luke Castellan has a fall that would've killed him if he didn't bear the Curse of Achilles from Mount Tamalpais. 2 Percy, Grover, Thalia, and Zoë rescue Artemis, goddess of the hunt and the moon, and Annabeth from Dr. Thorn, a manticore.", "Interstate 75 in Michigan Marie in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. I-75 enters Michigan from Ohio in the south, north of Toledo and runs generally northward through Detroit, Pontiac and Bay City, crosses the Mackinac Bridge, and ends at the Canadian border in Sault Ste. Marie.", "Frankenmuth, Michigan The Bavarian Inn in downtown Frankenmuth. Frankenmuth is a city in Saginaw County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 4,944 at the 2010 census. The city is located within Frankenmuth Township survey area. Bronner's Christmas Wonderland, which bills itself as the World's Largest Christmas Store, is located in Frankenmuth. The city's name is a combination of two words. Franken represents the Province of Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria, home of the Franks, where the original settlers were from. The German word Mut m", "C Green's Tree Service Proudly Serving the following Michigan areas: Highland, White Lake, Commerce, Waterford, Walled Lake ,Clarkston, Holly, Keego Harbor, West Bloomfield, Bloomfield Hills, Wixom, Milford, Birmingham, Livonia, Farmington, Farmington Hills, Northville, Plymouth and other areas in the surrounding Metro Detroit vicinity.", "- Frankenmuth Brewery. Welcome to America’s Oldest Microbrewery! Founded in 1862, the historical Frankenmuth Brewery is also Michigan’s Original Craft Brewery. We welcome you to drink, dine and relax with us and experience over 150 years of brewing tradition.", "âBavarian Village in MichiganâReview of Frankenmuth We have family that live with a few minutes of Frankenmuth, so we frequent this city at least a dozen times every year. The Bavarian Inn Restaurant and Zehnder's are THE main food locations; owned by the same family business.", "Plan your getaway to Frankenmuth, MI Plan your getaway to Frankenmuth, MI. The Bavarian Inn Lodge is a treasure in the heart of downtown Frankenmuth – Michigan’s #1 tourist attraction. Nestled on the banks of the beautiful Cass River, the Lodge is a world-class getaway destination for families and couples. Unique in theme, no other hotel in Frankenmuth can compare!", "Northern Michigan When Michigan became a state in 1837, a farming community, which is now Roseville, was made part of Orange Township. Because of strong Irish sentiment, the township's name was changed to Erin in 1843. In 1836, William Rose was appointed the areas first postmaster.", "- About Chelsea, Michigan Chelsea, Michigan is a thriving small city in southeastern Michigan with an abundance of shopping, dining, entertainment, and local activities. Over the years, Chelsea has evolved into a diverse community, embracing its agricultural heritage, maintaining an active manufacturing base, and cultivating a vibrant art scene.", "How Do I Write a Good Personal Reflection Finally, in many ways a writing a personal reflection is similar to writing a Critical Review. In fact, the planning and writing stages required to produce a successful personal reflection will incorporate many of the steps required for a successful critical review (I have listed these steps below).", "Belleville, Michigan Belleville, Michigan. Belleville is a city in Wayne County in the State of Michigan. The population was 3,991 at the 2010 census. It is the sister city of Machynlleth, Wales. Belleville is 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Ann Arbor and 29 miles (47 km) southwest of Detroit. Contents.", "- A fine Detroit tradition now located in Shelby Township, The Kubisch Sausage Company in Detroit has been making fine gourmet meat products since 1936. It's the proud home of the Long John Snacks. The company's new headquarters combines a state-of-the-art facility with old world methods that date back to the original European recipes.", "- Frankenmuth is a Michigan vacation destination with plenty of fun things to do. We have great restaurants, shopping, festivals, and events. Learn more.", "Frankenmuth, MI Profile: Facts, Map & Data The City of Frankenmuth had a population of 4,944 as of July 1, 2015. Frankenmuth ranks in the upper quartile for Population Density and the lower quartile for Diversity Index when compared to the other cities, towns and Census Designated Places (CDPs) in Michigan. See peer rankings below.", "Maps Maps. The Town of Goderich is located in Huron County on the eastern shore of Lake Huron, 100 km/60 miles north of London Ontario and 230 km/140 miles west of Toronto Ontario.Driving directions to Canada's Prettiest Town of Goderich.aps. The Town of Goderich is located in Huron County on the eastern shore of Lake Huron, 100 km/60 miles north of London Ontario and 230 km/140 miles west of Toronto Ontario. Driving directions to Canada's Prettiest Town of Goderich. Goderich is easily accessible by land, water or air. By Land: See maps (above).", "- Featured Areas in Michigan. Adrian, Devils Lake, Irish Hills, Manitou Beach, Raisin River, Lenawee County, Somerset Center. Alpena, Hubbard Lake, Harrisville, Atlanta, Mio, Fletcher Pond, Long Lake. Ann Arbor, Whitmore Lake, Belleville Lake, Ypsilanti, Chelsea, Howell. Bad Axe, Port Austin, Harbor Beach, Caseville, Upper Thumb, Caro, Sebewaing.", "Frankenmuth Hotels and Lodging Frankenmuth Hotels and Lodging. Get the most out of your visit to Frankenmuth by staying longer! Hospitality shines through at our many hotels, motels, bed and breakfasts, RV park and waterparks. Frankenmuth is now home to Michigan’s only indoor-outdoor waterpark with retractable roof.", "- In the Neighborhood. Independence Village has been a proud member of the Frankenmuth community since 1982, and we’ve touched almost every family in town in one way or another, whether we care for a loved one or have provided employment to another. We love our city and its rich heritage.", "Macomb Township, Michigan Macomb Township was also a large part of the lumber and logging industry of Southeast Michigan in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Logs would be transported south from Wolcott Mill in Ray Township, down the Middle Branch Clinton River to sawmills.", "About Chelsea, Michigan About Chelsea, Michigan. Chelsea, Michigan is a thriving small city in southeastern Michigan with an abundance of shopping, dining, entertainment, and local activities. Over the years, Chelsea has evolved into a diverse community, embracing its agricultural heritage, maintaining an active manufacturing base, and cultivating a vibrant art scene.", "- RELATIVE LOCATION: As a part of North America, Michigan is located in the East North Central region of the United States. It's bordered by the states of Ohio, Indiana and Wisconsin; the Canadian province of Ontario, and by Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Lake Huron and Lake Erie.", "Whitmore Lake, Michigan Whitmore Lake is an unincorporated community in the U.S. state of Michigan. The community spans the boundary between Green Oak Township in Livingston County and Northfield Township in Washtenaw County.", "- A fine Detroit tradition now located in Shelby Township, The Kubisch Sausage Company in Detroit has been making fine gourmet meat products since 1936. It's the proud home of the Long John Snacks.", "Saginaw Saginaw, MI. Sponsored Topics. Saginaw is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the seat of Saginaw County. The city of Saginaw was once a thriving lumber town and manufacturing center. Saginaw and Saginaw County lie in the Flint/Tri-Cities region of Michigan.", "Sheridan, Michigan Sheridan is located in south-central Montcalm County and is split in half by Evergreen and Sidney Townships. The western half is graced by a lake, complete with park and beach. The Sheridan Springfest is celebrated annually on Memorial day weekend.", "20 Best Romantic Getaways in Michigan Come and join the fun today at one of Michigans top family destinations and Frankenmuth's largest and only indoor waterpark, Zehnder's Splash Village Frankenmuth, MI.... more less Also Known As: Zehnder`s Splash Village Hotel And Waterpark", "Belleville, MI Belleville is a city in Wayne County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 3,997 at the 2000 census. It is the sister city of Machynlleth, Wales. Belleville is 15 miles (24 km) southeast of Ann Arbor and 29 miles (47 km) southwest of Detroit.", "- Bert Suggests test-driving a neighborhood in Ortonville with an affordable short term rental. Click here to find the right place on Airbnb. Location: Southeast Michigan, along the Detroit River, across the border from Windsor, Ontario, Canada.", "Home 2759 Almeda Court, Clarklake, Michigan. Home. Almeda Cottage at Clark Lake. Our cottage by beautiful, spring-fed Clark Lake in the Irish Hills near Jackson and Brooklyn, Michigan, is available for weekly rental during the summer season. Please contact Tom and Janet Witt or click one of these links for more information and photos.", "Macomb Township, Michigan For townships in Michigan named Meade, see Meade Township, Michigan (disambiguation). Macomb Township, Michigan. Macomb Township is a general law township and northern suburb of Detroit located in Macomb County in the U.S. state of Michigan, in the Metropolitan Detroit region. The township's population was 50,477 at the 2000 census.", "Goderich, Ontario Goderich, Ontario. Goderich is located along the shores of Lake Huron, and has been referred to as “ Canada’s Prettiest Town”. Goderich is steeped in historical charm and natural splendor, its location perched on a bluff looking west over the lake.he town was just named by Chatelaine magazine as “One of the Ten Best Places to Live in Canada”. Goderich has a nautical past. The Goderich harbour is the only sea depth harbour on the east side of Lake Huron. In the towns’ infancy, this harbour was crucial for transporting early settlers to the area.", "Michigamme, Michigan Michigamme-area historical earthquake activity is significantly below Michigan state average. It is 97% smaller than the overall U.S. average. On 7/9/1975 at 14:54:15, a magnitude 4.6 (4.6 MB, Class: Light, Intensity: IV-V) earthquake occurred 385.5 miles away from the city center.", "How do I pound chicken (or other meat) without making a mess? 16 Answers 16. Clingwrap works fine for me -- but I don't use a meat tenderizer -- I just use a small but fairly heavy pan (but not my cast iron, as it's not smooth on the bottom). When I was in college, I tried a few things.", "Amherstburg The Town of Amherstburg is located on Detroit River near Lake Erie. First settled 1784, it became the new base for the British after they evacuated Detroit.", "Goderich, Ontario Goderich (pronounced either God-rich or God-er-ich) is a town in the Canadian province of Ontario and is the county seat of Huron County. The town was founded by William Tiger Dunlop in 1827.oderich's downtown has an octagonal traffic circle known as 'The Square'. The county courthouse stands in the middle of The Square. This is where, in 1959, Steven Truscott was convicted of murdering Lynne Harper.", "Mount Pleasant, Michigan Mount Pleasant is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Isabella County, located in Central Michigan. The population was 26,016 at the 2010 census. Part of the city is located within the Isabella Indian Reservation, the base of the federally recognized Saginaw Chippewa Tribal Nation. This is the site of the Tribe's Soaring Eagle Casino. The city is home to the main campuses of Central Michigan University, one of the largest universities in the state with 20,000 students at Mount Pleasant, and Mid Michigan Community College. The student population nearly doubles the population of the city during the academic year, making it a college town", "- 8, 252 Mason, Michigan. Mason is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is named after the state's first governor, Stevens T. Mason. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 8,252. It is the county seat of Ingham County.", "- All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or distributed. WPBN offers news, sports, weather and items of local interest in Traverse City, Michigan and nearby towns, including Frankfort, Beulah, Interlochen, Kingsley, Garfield Township, Glen Arbor, Suttons Bay, Kalkaska, Kingsley and Manton, Michigan.", "Lexington Lexington, MI. Sponsored Topics. Lexington is a village in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,104 at the 2000 census. The village is located within Lexington Township. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,104 people, 550 households, and 305 families residing in the village.", "Fenton, Michigan Fenton, Michigan. Fenton is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan that lies mostly in Genesee County, with small portions in neighboring Oakland County and Livingston County. Contents.", "- State Rep. Paul Muxlow was first elected in 2010 to the Michigan House to represent residents of Sanilac County and Burtchville Township, Fort Gratiot Township, and the city of Port Huron in St. Clair County.", "Glioma brain tumors (astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, glioblastoma) A glioma is a type of brain tumor that grows from glial cells. Glial cells support nerve cells with energy and nutrients and help maintain the blood-brain barrier.There are various types of glial cells, each with a different function: Astrocyte-transports nutrients and holds neurons in place.ymptoms of a glioma are related to the location of the brain in which they occur and may include headaches, numbness, weakness, personality changes or confusion, and seizures.", "- Zip code 48182 is primarily located in Monroe County. The official postal service name used for 48182 is TEMPERANCE, Michigan. Portions of the 48182 zip code are contained within or border the city limits of Temperance, MI, Lambertville, MI, and Toledo, OH.", "- Maps, Location and Directions. Michigan International Speedway is on US Highway 12 in Brooklyn, MI, one mile west of M50. in the heart of the largest concentration of research and development companies in the country.", "- Distance from Frankenmuth to ... Graph showing distances and directions to other locations. Click arrows to see the route on a map. Learn more about the distance graph. Created with Raphaël 2.1.0< 3934km >EWNSAlmaty 6352 miNuuk 1908 miDublin 3454 miSt.", "- Willkommen to Frankenmuth. Willkommen, in German it means Welcome. Welcome to family time, welcome to play time, welcome to Christmas time all year long. Enjoy the simple joys of life, in Michigan's Little Bavaria.", "- Main Cities Within Monroe County, Michigan. 1 Flat Rock, Michigan. 2 Lambertville, Michigan. 3 Milan, Michigan. 4 Monroe, Michigan. 5 South Monroe, Michigan. 6 Temperance, Michigan.", "Where is Saginaw, MI? Saginaw is a city found in Michigan, The United States Of America. It is located 43.42 latitude and -83.95 longitude and it is situated at elevation 178 meters above sea level. Saginaw has a population of 51,508 making it the 28th biggest city in Michigan.", "48430 Home-Hosting-Contact Us-Frequent Questions. Fenton is located in eastern Genesee County. It was first settled in 1834 by Clark Dibble and originally called Dibbleville.", "- facebook tweet share print. Get the most out of your visit to Frankenmuth by staying longer! Hospitality shines through at our many hotels, motels, bed and breakfasts, RV park and waterparks. Frankenmuth is now home to Michigan’s only indoor-outdoor waterpark with retractable roof.", "East Lansing, Michigan East Lansing is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan directly east of Lansing, the state capital. Most of the city is within Ingham County, with the rest in Clinton County. The population was 48,579 at the 2010 census, an increase from 46,420 in 2000. It is best known as the home of Michigan State University.", "Owosso Map â Satellite Images of Owosso detailed map of Owosso and near places. Welcome to the Owosso google satellite map! This place is situated in Shiawassee County, Michigan, United States, its geographical coordinates are 42° 59' 52 North, 84° 10' 36. West and its original name (with diacritics) is Owosso." ]

[ 4.4531202316 ]

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[ "The dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San, Damara, Nama and, since about the 14th century AD, by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion from central Africa. From the late 18th century onwards, Orlam clans from the Cape Colony crossed the Orange River and moved into the area that today is southern Namibia. Their encounters with the nomadic Nama tribes were largely peaceful. The missionaries accompanying the Orlams were well received by them, the right to use waterholes and grazing was granted against an annual payment. On their way further northwards, however, the Orlams encountered clans of the Herero tribe at Windhoek, Gobabis, and Okahandja which were less accommodating. The Nama-Herero War broke out in 1880, with hostilities ebbing only when Imperial Germany deployed troops to the contested places and cemented the status quo between Nama, Orlams, and Herero." ]

[ "Throughout the course of its life, a number of peripherals were released which added to the functionality of the SNES. Many of these devices were modeled after earlier add-ons for the NES: the Super Scope is a light gun functionally similar to the NES Zapper (though the Super Scope features wireless capabilities) and the Super Advantage is an arcade-style joystick with adjustable turbo settings akin to the NES Advantage. Nintendo also released the SNES Mouse in conjunction with its Mario Paint title. Hudson Soft, under license from Nintendo, released the Super Multitap, a multiplayer adapter for use with its popular series of Bomberman games. Some of the more unusual controllers include the BatterUP baseball bat, the Life Fitness Entertainment System (an exercise bike controller with built-in monitoring software), and the TeeV Golf golf club.", "The method of execution of federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place. If the state has no death penalty, the judge must choose a state with the death penalty for carrying out the execution. For offenses under the Drug Kingpin Act of 1988, the method of execution is lethal injection. The Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana is currently the home of the only death chamber for federal death penalty recipients in the United States, where inmates are put to death by lethal injection. The complex has so far been the only location used for federal executions post-Gregg. Timothy McVeigh and Juan Garza were put to death in June 2001, and Louis Jones, Jr. was put to death on March 18, 2003.", "In 1860, North Carolina was a slave state, in which one-third of the population was enslaved. This was a smaller proportion than in many Southern states. The state did not vote to join the Confederacy until President Abraham Lincoln called on it to invade its sister state, South Carolina, becoming the last or second-to-last state to officially join the Confederacy. The title of \"last to join the Confederacy\" has been disputed; although Tennessee's informal secession on May 7, 1861, preceded North Carolina's official secession on May 20, the Tennessee legislature did not formally vote to secede until June 8, 1861.", "Resonant antennas are expected to be used around a particular resonant frequency; an antenna must therefore be built or ordered to match the frequency range of the intended application. A particular antenna design will present a particular feedpoint impedance. While this may affect the choice of an antenna, an antenna's impedance can also be adapted to the desired impedance level of a system using a matching network while maintaining the other characteristics (except for a possible loss of efficiency).", "On 5 June 2008, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, accepted the resignations of both the Secretary of the Air Force, Michael Wynne, and the Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, General T. Michael Moseley. Gates in effect fired both men for \"systemic issues associated with declining Air Force nuclear mission focus and performance.\" This followed an investigation into two embarrassing incidents involving mishandling of nuclear weapons: specifically a nuclear weapons incident aboard a B-52 flight between Minot AFB and Barksdale AFB, and an accidental shipment of nuclear weapons components to Taiwan. The resignations were also the culmination of disputes between the Air Force leadership, populated primarily by non-nuclear background fighter pilots, versus Gates. To put more emphasis on nuclear assets, the USAF established the nuclear-focused Air Force Global Strike Command on 24 October 2008.", "Laemmle, Jr. created a niche for the studio, beginning a series of horror films which extended into the 1940s, affectionately dubbed Universal Horror. Among them are Frankenstein (1931), Dracula ( also in 1931), The Mummy (1932) and The Invisible Man (1933). Other Laemmle productions of this period include Imitation of Life (1934) and My Man Godfrey (1936).", "Some regions beyond the Ottoman Porte were included. One was North Africa west of Egypt. It was occupied by piratical kingdoms of the Barbary Coast, de facto independent since the 18th century. Formerly part of the empire at its apogee. Iran was included because it could not easily be reached except through the Ottoman Empire or neighboring Russia. In the 1890s the term tended to focus on the conflicts in the Balkan states and Armenia. The demise of the sick man of Europe left considerable confusion as to what was to be meant by \"Near East\". It is now generally used only in historical contexts, to describe the countries of Western Asia from the Mediterranean to (or including) Iran. There is, in short, no universally understood fixed inventory of nations, languages or historical assets defined to be in it." ]

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[ "Ambra Danon Ambra Danon is an Italian costume designer. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Costume Design for his work in the film \"La Cage aux Folles\" (1978).", "La Cage aux Folles (film) La Cage aux Folles is a 1978 Franco-Italian comedy film and the first film adaptation of Jean Poiret's 1973 play of the same name. It is co-written and directed by Édouard Molinaro and stars Ugo Tognazzi and Michel Serrault." ]

[ "Da grande (film) Da grande is a 1987 Italian romantic comedy film directed by Franco Amurri, starring Renato Pozzetto, Ottavia Piccolo and Alessandro Haber.", "Solo per te Lucia Solo per te Lucia is a 1952 Italian comedy film directed by Franco Rossi and starring Mariella Lotti.", "Pinocchio (2002 film) Pinocchio is a 2002 Italian fantasy comedy-drama film directed by and starring Roberto Benigni. The film is based on \"The Adventures of Pinocchio\" by Carlo Collodi, with Benigni portraying Pinocchio. It was shot in Italy and Kalkara, Malta. \"Pinocchio\" was released in Italy in October 2002, and in the United States (in a dubbed version) in December 2002.", "Franca: Chaos and Creation Franca: Chaos and Creation is a 2016 documentary film directed by Francesco Carrozzini. The film focuses on his mother Franca Sozzani, editor-in-chief of Vogue Italia for nearly three decades, and highlights her groundbreaking influence on fashion editorials while also exploring the relationship between Sozzani and Carrozzini as mother and son. The film premiered on September 2, 2016 in the \"Cinema nel Giardino\" category at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival where it received early positive reviews from the fashion industry. It hosted its North American premiere during the 24th Hamptons International Film Festival in October 2016", "Alegre ma non troppo Alegre ma non troppo is a 1994 Spanish romance/comedy film directed by Fernando Colomo and starring Penélope Cruz and Jordi Mollà. It was set in Santander, Cantabria, Spain. It was nominated in 1995 for four awards and won two of them.", "Le Guignolo Le Guignolo is a 1980 French-Italian comedy film directed by Georges Lautner.", "Brutti di notte Brutti di notte (literally \"Ugly by night\") is a 1968 Italian comedy film written and directed by Giovanni Grimaldi and starring the comedy duo Franco Franchi and Ciccio Ingrassia. It is a parody of Luis Buñuel's film \"Belle de Jour\".", "Queen Kong Queen Kong is a 1976 British comedy adventure film spoofing \"King Kong\". The film was never released theatrically in the United Kingdom, due to legal action by Dino De Laurentiis, producer of the 1976 \"King Kong\" remake and RKO copyright holder of King Kong at the time. It got a limited release in Italy and Germany. The film has since resurfaced on DVD. It was released on 10 December 1976 in West Germany.", "War Italian Style Due marines e un generale (translated: \"Two Marines and a General\", internationally released as War Italian Style) is a 1966 Italian comedy film directed by Luigi Scattini. The film puts together the famous Italian comedian duo of Franco Franchi and Ciccio Ingrassia and the silent cinema icon Buster Keaton.", "Juliet of the Spirits Juliet of the Spirits (Italian: \"Giulietta degli spiriti\" ) is a 1965 Italian-French fantasy comedy-drama film directed by Federico Fellini and starring Giulietta Masina, Sandra Milo, Mario Pisu, Valentina Cortese, and Valeska Gert. The film is about the visions, memories, and mysticism of a middle-aged woman that help her find the strength to leave her philandering husband. The film uses \"caricatural types and dream situations to represent a psychic landscape.\" It was Fellini's first feature-length color film, but followed his use of color in \"The Temptation of Doctor Antonio\" episode in the portmanteau film \"Boccaccio '70\" (1962). \"Juliet of the Spirits\" won a Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1966.", "The Icicle Thief The Icicle Thief (Italian: \"Ladri di saponette\" ) is a 1989 Italian comedy film directed by Maurizio Nichetti, titled in imitation of Vittorio De Sica's classic Italian neorealist film \"The Bicycle Thief\" (Italian: \"Ladri di biciclette\"). Some feel \"The Icicle Thief\" was created as a spoof of neorealism, which predominated Italian cinema after World War II. However, it is generally understood to go beyond this and to take a stand against commercialism as destructive towards art. The film won the Golden St. George at the 16th Moscow International Film Festival.", "Le Far West Le Far West is a 1973 Belgian-French comedy film directed by Jacques Brel. It was entered into the 1973 Cannes Film Festival. This was Brel's ninth feature film, and his second directorial effort. Brel was obsessed with \"le Far West\" (the Wild West). The film co-starred Gabriel Jabbour, Danielle Evenou, and Arlette Lindon. The film was released 15 May 1973.", "Kapò Kapò (] ) is a 1960 Italian film about the Holocaust directed by Gillo Pontecorvo. It was nominated for the Academy Award as Best Foreign Language Film. It was an Italian-French co-production filmed in Yugoslavia.", "18 Years Later 18 Years Later (Italian: \"Diciotto anni dopo\" ) is a 2009 Italian comedy-drama film written, directed and starring Edoardo Leo. For this film Leo was nominated for David di Donatello for Best New Director and for a Nastro d'Argento in the same category. The film also won several awards in a number of international film festivals, including the Audience Award at the Annecy Italian Film Festival and the awards for best film, best director, best actor and best actress at the 2010 Ibiza International Film Festival.", "Summer Night Summer Night (Italian: \"Notte d'estate con profilo greco, occhi a mandorla e odore di basilico\" , also known as \"Summer Night with Greek Profile, Almond Eyes and Scent of Basil\") is a 1986 Italian comedy film directed by Lina Wertmüller. The film was selected as the Italian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 59th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.", "Venetian Honeymoon Venetian Honeymoon (Italian: \"La prima notte\" , French: \"Les noces vénitiennes\" ) is a 1959 Italian-French romantic comedy film directed by Alberto Cavalcanti. It is loosely based on the Abel Hermant' novel \"Les noces vénitiennes\".", "L'Année sainte L'Année sainte (Holy Year in English) is a 1976 French-Italian crime comedy film directed by Jean Girault. Set in the Holy Year for Catholics of 1975, it tells the story of two French criminals, acted by Jean Gabin and Jean-Claude Brialy, who make a pilgrimage to Rome to retrieve buried loot. Playing his character Max, a world-weary but wily old gangster, it was the last film made by Gabin.", "Bonnie and Clyde Italian Style Bonnie e Clyde all'italiana, internationally released as Bonnie and Clyde Italian Style, is a 1983 Italian comedy film directed by Steno.", "Una bruna indiavolata! Una bruna indiavolata! is a 1951 Italian comedy film directed by Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia.", "Le Amiche Le Amiche (English: \"The Girlfriends\" ) is a 1955 Italian black-and-white drama film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni and starring Eleonora Rossi Drago, Gabriele Ferzetti, Franco Fabrizi, and Valentina Cortese. Adapted from Cesare Pavese's novel \"Tra donne sole\" (1949), the film is about a young woman who returns to her native Turin to set up a new fashion salon and becomes involved with a troubled woman and her three wealthy women friends. The film was shot on location in Turin, Piedmont, Italy. \"Le Amiche\" received the Venice Film Festival's Silver Lion award in 1955, and the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists Silver Ribbon Award for Best Director (Michelangelo Antonioni) and Best Supporting Actress (Valentina Cortese)." ]

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[ "Invisible Sun A Conspiracy of Hope Tour in 1986. The song is a departure from Police songs before it; \"Invisible Sun\" contains a dark, looping synthesizer beat, and powerful, haunting lyrics. Among other things, the lyrics refer to the ArmaLite rifle used by paramilitary organisations, but mainly by the Provisional Irish Republican Army. The music video for \"Invisible Sun\" features a collection of video clips taken from the conflict in Northern Ireland. Owing to its subject matter, it was banned by the BBC. \"Invisible Sun\" was also used as the opening music to the BBC 'Play for Today' film \"The Long March\"", "Invisible Sun Invisible Sun \"Invisible Sun\" is a song by rock group The Police, released as a single in September 1981. It was the first single to be released in the United Kingdom from the album \"Ghost in the Machine\" and it reached number two on the official chart. The song also reached number five in Ireland and number 27 in the Netherlands. In most other territories, \"Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic\" was chosen as the lead single from the LP. Sting said of writing \"Invisible Sun\": The song's lyrics stem from songwriter Sting's pondering how people living in war-torn", "Invisible Sun (1981), written by Belfast writer Anne Devlin. \"Invisible Sun\" is composed in the key of E-flat major/C minor with the verses alternating between these keys. The verses give off an ominous and desperate feeling. The chorus is in G major and is heavier and more bombastic. 7\"<nowiki>:</nowiki> A&M / AMS 8164 (UK) 7\"<nowiki>:</nowiki> A&M / AMS 8164 (NL) Invisible Sun \"Invisible Sun\" is a song by rock group The Police, released as a single in September 1981. It was the first single to be released in the United Kingdom from the album \"Ghost in the Machine\" and it reached number" ]

[ "The Power of the Invisible Sun project\" providing the kids over the most difficult places around the world with indestructible soccer balls as a lasting symbol of hope. \"Hope is the most important thing that people need to move forward. The slightest ray of hope can ignite the human spirit's ability to overcome: the power of the invisible sun\" - Bobby Sager. Sting, friends with Bobby Sager, has been one of the most active partners supporting this project, attending to the Parties to add a value through his recognition among the media. In fact, the power of the invisible sun pays homage to his song \"Invisible", "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 juries, beating West Germany's Lena Valaitis with the song \"Johnny Blue\". United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 The United Kingdom and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) held a national final titled \"A Song for Europe 1981\" to choose who would represent them in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981. \"A Song for Europe 1981\" was held on 11 March 1981 where Bucks Fizz was chosen with \"Making Your Mind Up\" as the entrant. At Eurovision, they placed first winning the competition with 136 points. The BBC reduced the number of finalists from twelve to eight in 1981. Terry Wogan", "United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 The United Kingdom and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) held a national final titled \"A Song for Europe 1981\" to choose who would represent them in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981. \"A Song for Europe 1981\" was held on 11 March 1981 where Bucks Fizz was chosen with \"Making Your Mind Up\" as the entrant. At Eurovision, they placed first winning the competition with 136 points. The BBC reduced the number of finalists from twelve to eight in 1981. Terry Wogan hosted the contest on 11 March. It was held at the", "The Power of the Invisible Sun Sun\". He has also written the foreword for the book. The Power of the Invisible Sun The Power of the Invisible Sun is a philanthropic work on behalf of Bobby Sager. It consists of a photography book based on pictures of those areas of the world most stricken by war such as Afghanistan, Rwanda, Pakistan, Palestine, Sri Lanka, Kenya or Zimbabwe, depicting children living and dealing with conflict. Its aim is to inspire activism through the intimate encounters with those children provided by the images. As part of this project, comes the initiative of using the benefits coming from the", "Banned in the U.S.A. (song) Banned in the U.S.A. (song) \"Banned in the U.S.A.\" is a song recorded by the American hip hop group 2 Live Crew. It was released in May 1990 as the lead single from its album of the same name. It peaked at number 20 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot-100 chart and is the group's highest-charting song on that chart. It reached number-one on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Rap Tracks chart. The song is a reference to the decision in a court case that the 2 Live Crew's album \"As Nasty As They Wanna Be\" was obscene. (The decision would later", "Invisible Empire (song) and \"Feel It All\", \"Invisible Empire\" is one of the most played live songs. She first played it on the radio on 29 April 2013, on BBC Radio 2, on the Ken Bruce Show with \"Made of Glass\" and \"Feel It All\". It was played acoustic on her appearance on Later... with Jools Holland, and on some promotional live videos (Yahoo, KFOG...). \"Invisible Empire\" is also a part of the Invisible Empire // Crescent Moon Tour and features the live album \"Live Islington Assembly Hall\" CD. Invisible Empire (song) \"Invisible Empire\" is a single by Scottish recording artist KT Tunstall.", "The Power of the Invisible Sun The Power of the Invisible Sun The Power of the Invisible Sun is a philanthropic work on behalf of Bobby Sager. It consists of a photography book based on pictures of those areas of the world most stricken by war such as Afghanistan, Rwanda, Pakistan, Palestine, Sri Lanka, Kenya or Zimbabwe, depicting children living and dealing with conflict. Its aim is to inspire activism through the intimate encounters with those children provided by the images. As part of this project, comes the initiative of using the benefits coming from the sellings of the book to the \"Hope is a game-changer", "Banned in the U.S.A. (song) be overturned on appeal.) Bruce Springsteen granted them permission to sample his song \"Born in the U.S.A.\" for it. It contains a sample of a Ronald Reagan impressionist proclaiming the United States' government to be a government \"Of the people, for the people, by the people.\" Banned in the U.S.A. (song) \"Banned in the U.S.A.\" is a song recorded by the American hip hop group 2 Live Crew. It was released in May 1990 as the lead single from its album of the same name. It peaked at number 20 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot-100 chart and is the group's", "Song Jong-sun was tested positive for a banned steroid, and subsequently banned for 14 months from international competitions by FIFA. Song Jong-sun Song Jong-sun ( or ; born November 3, 1981 in North Korea) is a North Korean female football player (defender) who plays for Amnokkang Sports Club of her native country women's football league. With her high speed, top skills and accurate crosses, she plays an important role in her club and native country team. Song has made several appearances for the North Korea women's national football team, including playing at the 2003 and 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup. She also", "Towards the Sun (song) Towards the Sun (song) \"Towards the Sun\" is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for the soundtrack to the 2015 film \"Home\". The song premiered on BBC Radio 1 on February 24, 2015 and it was released for digital download as the soundtrack's lead single the same day though Westbury Road. The song was set to impact mainstream radio on March 17, 2015 however the radio release was cancelled. The song was written and produced by Tiago Carvalho and Gary Go, with an additional writing done by Rihanna. \"Towards the Sun\" is a mid-tempo pop and R&B ballad and", "The Boy Who Was The Boy Who Was The Boy Who Was is a children's historical fantasy novel by Grace Taber Hallock. It tells the story of a human boy blessed with eternal life who participates in the march of history as it moves across the Bay of Naples for 3,000 years. Nino witnesses the destruction of Pompeii, the sack of Rome, the Children's Crusade, and the coming of Garibaldi. The novel, illustrated by Harrie Wood, was first published in 1928 and was a Newbery Honor recipient in 1929. In the Prologue, an unnamed artist visiting the town of Sorrento, Italy, encounters a young", "The Invisible Man (Queen song) image of the band in the game once more, Deacon without a hat, and the child walks underneath them. The video features a then-15-year-old Danniella Westbrook who joined soap opera EastEnders the following year. A cover of the song has been done by Scatman John, in which many of the lyrics and instrumentals are replaced with scat singing. Butch Hartman, the creator of the Nickelodeon animated series \"Danny Phantom\", has said the show's theme song was inspired by the bass line of \"The Invisible Man\". The Invisible Man (Queen song) \"The Invisible Man\" is a song by the British rock", "The Sun Was Chasing Venus The Sun Was Chasing Venus The Sun Was Chasing Venus is a composition for string quintet by the British composer Charlotte Bray. The work was commissioned by the violinist Daniel Hope and the Savannah Music Festival. It was first performed at the Savannah Music Festival on April 3, 2014 by the Dover Quartet and violist Daniel Lee. \"The Sun was Chasing Venus\" is composed in a single movement and has a duration of roughly 15 minutes. Bray described the composition in the score program notes, writing: Additionally, Bray explained the title of the piece as \"an abstract description of the", "The Man Who Was Thursday in January 1967 that Jerome Hellman and Arthur P. Jacobs' APJAC Productions were preparing movie projects including a musical adaptation of Chesterton's novel by Leslie Bricusse. The film was not made. There have been at least two adaptations broadcast by BBC radio over the years. In 1986 the BBC broadcast a four-part series dramatised by Peter Buckman and directed by Glyn Dearman. It featured Michael Hadley as Thursday/Gabriel Syme, Natasha Pyne as Rosamond and Edward de Souza as Wednesday/The Marquis de St. Eustache. The episodes were titled: In 2005 the BBC broadcast the novel as read by Geoffrey Palmer, as", "The Boy Who Was goatherd named Nino, who agrees to pose for a sketch in return for the artist's help in painting some figurines Nino has carved. These figurines represent historical figures from the past 3,000 years of the area's history, beginning with Odysseus and the Sirens, and ending with Giuseppe Garibaldi. Chapter 1, \"Siren Songs\", and chapter 2, \"Song of Odysseus\", set up the premise of the book: 3,000 years ago, Nino was befriended by a siren who gave him the gift of eternal life and health in thanks for his friendship. The rest of the book consists of stories from various points", "Black Out the Sun (song) Black Out the Sun (song) \"Black Out the Sun\" is the third overall single from British-based Australian singer-songwriter Darren Hayes' fourth studio album, \"Secret Codes and Battleships\", released on 2 October 2011. The song debuted at #101 on the UK Singles Chart. The song received its first radio airplay on BBC Radio 2 on 25 August 2011. The single was released as the fourth Australian single on 20 July 2012. \"Black Out the Sun\" was co-written by Darren Hayes and Armenian writer and producer Kavin Grig.The song was originally written for British singer-songwriter Leona Lewis as part of his task", "The Sun Was Chasing Venus work\" that \"represents the idea of a game of pursuit; musical lines chasing each other, out of which comes a sense of journey.\" The work is scored for a string quintet comprising two violins, two violas, and cello. George Loomis of the \"Financial Times\" called the piece \"a fine 15-minute work\" and added, \"there was much textural variety and ample evidence of the composer’s keen musical ear and stylistic rigour.\" The Sun Was Chasing Venus The Sun Was Chasing Venus is a composition for string quintet by the British composer Charlotte Bray. The work was commissioned by the violinist Daniel", "She Was Only a Grocer's Daughter already dancey rhythm of the original: the song was banned by the BBC as it was released during a general election and, as such, was deemed to be too political. \"She Was Only a Grocer's Daughter\" also included another remarkable ballad, \"Beautiful Child\" (a non-album duet version also exists, again with Curtis Mayfield), while Checking Out\" was later reworked on \"Springtime for the World\" in a more defined, powerful way. Singer/songwriter Grayson Hugh, who would be signed as an artist by RCA, was hired to sing backup vocals on \"Some Kind Of Wonderful\", \"Rise Above\" and \"Don't Give It Up\".", "Higher than the Sun (song) Higher than the Sun (song) \"Higher than the Sun\" is a song by English alternative rock band Keane, released on 28 September 2013 as the first single from their first compilation album, \"The Best of Keane\". The song was recorded during the recording sessions for the band's fourth studio album, \"Strangeland\", which was released in May 2012. Keane announced the release of the single on their official website on 23 September 2013. On 27 September, the song made its radio debut on Chris Evans' BBC Radio 2 morning show, and was released digitally the next day. According to Contactmusic.com, \"Higher", "Song to the Sun Song to the Sun Song to the Sun, known in Japan as , is a movie directed by Norihiro Koizumi starring the Japanese artist and singer Yui. In the movie, she plays the role of Kaoru Amane (雨音 薫 \"Amane Kaoru\"), a 16-year-old girl who has the rare skin condition xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a disease that makes the ultraviolet radiation of sunlight potentially lethal to her. Yui's character is partly based on herself, as she is a singer and guitarist, and she performs three of Yui's songs in the movie; \"It's Happy Line\", \"Good-bye Days\" and \"Skyline\". There has been", "The Youngest Was the Most Loved added to several UK playlists, including the B-List of BBC Radio 2, the A-List of BBC 6 Music, and XFM London's playlist. The U.S. Single version includes an iPod video formatted file of the music video for \"The Youngest Was the Most Loved\" ready to play and transfer to a 5th Generation iPod. \"A Song From Under the Floorboards\" is a song originally written and recorded by Magazine, a post-punk band which shares Manchester origins with Morrissey. The Youngest Was the Most Loved \"The Youngest Was the Most Loved\" is the second single from the Morrissey album \"Ringleader of the", "The Invisible Man (Queen song) The Invisible Man (Queen song) \"The Invisible Man\" is a song by the British rock band Queen, written by drummer Roger Taylor but credited to Queen. The song is sung mostly by Freddie Mercury, with vocal contributions from Taylor. Originally released on the album \"The Miracle\", it was released as a single in 1989. Taylor claims that he got the inspiration to create the song while reading a book (possibly the book of the same name), and the bassline instantly came to his imagination. This song marks the only time in any of Queen's songs that all four band members", "That Was The Team That Was That Was The Team That Was That Was The Team That Was is a Scottish television programme that documented successful time periods for Scottish football sides. The show was broadcast on BBC One Scotland every Friday night (when there was a series ongoing) and has recently ended its third series. Its title is derived from the 1960s BBC satire \"That Was The Week That Was\". It was produced by Brendan O'Hara of BBC Scotland. Filmed in a documentary style, the programme is narrated by John Gordon Sinclair and part-written by Chick Young. It involves highlights of matches played by the", "That Was The Team That Was first aired. That Was The Team That Was That Was The Team That Was is a Scottish television programme that documented successful time periods for Scottish football sides. The show was broadcast on BBC One Scotland every Friday night (when there was a series ongoing) and has recently ended its third series. Its title is derived from the 1960s BBC satire \"That Was The Week That Was\". It was produced by Brendan O'Hara of BBC Scotland. Filmed in a documentary style, the programme is narrated by John Gordon Sinclair and part-written by Chick Young. It involves highlights of matches played", "That Was the Week That Was issue of racism and \"the evils of apartheid\", following the view of BBC Director-General Sir Hugh Greene that the BBC should not be bound by its charter to be impartial on issues of racism, which Greene and the producers of \"TW3\" viewed as \"quite simply wrong\". Following the 1963 murder of 35-year-old white postal worker William Lewis Moore in Alabama, who was on a protest march against segregation in the American South, \"TW3\" Millicent Martin dressed as Uncle Sam sang a parody of \"I Wanna Go Back to Mississippi\" (\"... where the Mississippi mud/kinda mingles with the blood/of the niggers", "Song to the Sun confirmed an American version of the film, centers on New York City. The main couple will be starring by Bella Thorne as Katie (originally Kaoru) and Patrick Schwarzenegger as Charlie (originally Koji). The film was released March 23, 2018. Charlie skateboards by Katie’s house instead of surfboarding and Katie’s friend tells Charlie about Katie’s disease. The remake has many differences when it comes to smaller things, such as how she dies. Singapore Taiwan Song to the Sun Song to the Sun, known in Japan as , is a movie directed by Norihiro Koizumi starring the Japanese artist and singer Yui.", "Invisible (Skylar Grey song) Invisible (Skylar Grey song) \"Invisible\" is the debut single by American recording artist Skylar Grey. It was officially first released on iTunes on August 9, 2011. She performed the track along with various other songs on her upcoming studio album at The Glass House on July 31, 2011, and the song earned placement in the official trailer for the Madonna-directed film \"W./E.\". Grey comments on her writing process for \"Invisible\" by saying \"Before I started writing this album, I felt like I had lost control of my life and didn't know who I was anymore. I needed to ground myself", "The Girl Who Was... Death theme from the television series that it is based on, \"The Prisoner\". There are also some variations of this arrangement on other editions of the album, occurring during the 20 minute silence and outro. This album would begin the explosive cult following of Devil Doll by its fans. Devil Doll would continue to release several more albums in the styling of \"The Girl Who Was ... Death\" throughout the 1990s. The song ends at 38 minutes 46 seconds. After 25 minutes and 25 seconds of silence, a hidden track titled \"The Prisoner\" begins. The Girl Who Was... Death The Girl", "Third Rock from the Sun (song) \"Third Rock from the Sun\" debuted at number 53 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of July 16, 1994. Third Rock from the Sun (song) \"Third Rock from the Sun\" is a song written by Sterling Whipple, Tony Martin and John Greenebaum, and recorded by American country music artist Joe Diffie. It was released in July 1994 as the lead single and title track from his album \"Third Rock from the Sun\". The song became Diffie's third Number One single on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart. The song", "The Banned The Banned The Banned were an English punk/new wave outfit in the late 1970s. The Banned had a minor UK hit in 1977 with \"Little Girl\", a cover version of a 1966 U.S. hit song by the Syndicate of Sound. The Banned's original home pressing on Can't Eat Records (Eat Up 1) was taken up by EMI's Harvest label. The Banned originated from Tooting and Camberwell in London. Originally the Banned were: Harvey and Davie had previously been members of the progressive rock/folk band, Gryphon. Aitken had been a member of Precious Little. They recorded \"Little Girl\" in an attempt", "Third Rock from the Sun (song) Third Rock from the Sun (song) \"Third Rock from the Sun\" is a song written by Sterling Whipple, Tony Martin and John Greenebaum, and recorded by American country music artist Joe Diffie. It was released in July 1994 as the lead single and title track from his album \"Third Rock from the Sun\". The song became Diffie's third Number One single on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart. The song also became his first number one hit since \"If the Devil Danced (In Empty Pockets)\" in 1991. Deborah Evans Price, of \"Billboard\" magazine reviewed the", "Lost in the Sun (song) Lost in the Sun (song) \"Lost in the Sun\" is a song by American indie rock band Ivy. It was released as the third and final single from their sixth studio album, \"All Hours\" (2011). It was issued in the United States on April 10, 2012 as a digital download by Nettwerk and Unfiltered Records. The single was written and produced by Adam Schlesinger and Andy Chase. In Matt Collar's AllMusic description of the track, he stated that it is a \"more detached electronica\" song with \"a slick if still airy mix of melodic guitar pop\". \"Lost in the Sun\"", "The Woman Who Was Forgotten called \"The Woman Who Was Forgotten\", was released in 1930 and featured the theme song “Give to the World the Best You Have.” The movie was later edited for television and broadcast as \"Give to the World\". Like much of Aldrich’s work, “The Woman Who Was Forgotten” “affirms life, and her characters find, usually, some reason for happiness, be it through love or belief in honor and duty.\" Aldrich developed a similar theme in her novel, \"Miss Bishop\", where students also gather to celebrate a former teacher, only in that text the action takes place at a college rather than", "That Was the Week That Was who are hanging from the branches of the tree ...\") accompanied by minstrel singers in blackface (\"... we hate all the darkies and the Catholics and the Jews / Where we welcome any man / Who is strong and white and belongs to the Ku Klux Klan\"), thus parodying \"The Black and White Minstrel Show\", which was then being shown on the BBC despite accusations of racism over its use of blackface. On Saturday, 20 October 1962 the award of Nobel prizes to John Kendrew and Max Perutz, and to Francis Crick, James D. Watson, and Maurice Wilkins was satirised", "The Girl Who Was... Death material). Like all but two Devil Doll albums, \"The Girl Who Was ... Death\" contains only one track: the title track (another album has one musical track that is split into separate CD tracks). Being at an easily referenced length of 66 minutes and 6 seconds long, the song goes through many different themes and melodies, keeping strong to the band's progressive attributes. The album travels through several emotions with eerie tones and metaphorical lyrics. At 38:46 into the song, the music ceases and silence continues until the very end, where the album features the band's cover of the main", "Lost in the Sun (song) received mixed to positive reviews from critics. John Bergstrom of \"PopMatters\" enjoyed \"Lost in the Sun\", but preferred Ivy's \"World Without You\" more. A music video for the song was filmed in early 2012 and released on August 23, 2012. The video shows singer Dominique Durand lounging on the beach while singing the song. Credits and personnel adapted from \"All Hours\" liner notes and Ivy's AllMusic discography. Lost in the Sun (song) \"Lost in the Sun\" is a song by American indie rock band Ivy. It was released as the third and final single from their sixth studio album, \"All", "I Was the One the Sun\". I Was the One \"I Was the One\" is a song by Elvis Presley, written by Aaron Schroeder, Bill Peppers, Claude Demetrius and Hal Blair. Presley recorded it at RCA's Studios, Nashville, on January 11, 1956. It was released as the B-side of the \"Heartbreak Hotel\" single (RCA Victor 20-6420 (78 rpm record) and RCA Victor 47-6420 (single)) in 1956, and was produced by Steve Sholes. Swedish band Streaplers has also recorded the song. It was released on the LP \"Speed\" (Bohus Bglp 5010) in 1978. Country musician Jimmie Dale Gilmore also recorded a version on his album,", "Ghost in the Machine (album) work on the list. Pitchfork Media ranked it at number 86 in their list of the 100 Greatest Albums of the 1980s. \"Omegaman\" was chosen by A&M to be the first single from the album, but Sting refused to allow its release in single form. \"Invisible Sun\" was released as the first single (in the UK only) and was a great success, making it to No. 2 even though the video was banned by the BBC for including footage of the conflict in Northern Ireland. Later \"Every Little Thing She Does is Magic\" reached No. 3 in the U.S. and", "France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 France was present at the Eurovision Song Contest 1981, held in Dublin, Ireland. The French national final to select their entry, \"Concours de la Chanson Française pour l'Eurovision 1981\", was held on 8 March at the TF1 Studios in Paris, and was hosted by television hostess Fabienne Égal. Six songs made it to the national final after two semi-final heats. The winner was decided by a random sampling of 1,086 television viewers who were contacted by TF1 and asked which song was their favorite. The winning entry was \"Humanahum,\" performed by Jean Gabilou", "The Invisible Enemy (Doctor Who) in September 2002. The DVD was released on 16 June 2008 with the spin off \"K-9 and Company\" in a double pack called \"K9 Tales\". This serial was scheduled to be released as part of the Doctor Who DVD Files in Issue 133 on 5 February 2014. The Invisible Enemy (Doctor Who) The Invisible Enemy is the second serial of the 15th season of the British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\", which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 1 to 22 October 1977. The serial introduced the robot dog K9, voiced by John Leeson. In", "Under the Sun (song) actually a hip-hop beat with a pop verse and that's called Under The Sun. So that's my favourite today! I can't wait!.\" According to Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine, on the song Cheryl is adopting a bit of a Natasha Bedingfield hangover. Alexis Petridis from The Guardian praised the song, explaining, \"Opener Under the Sun offers a weird and hugely enjoyable cocktail of tinny synthesiser, vast Chemical Brothers-style breakbeat and football-terrace backing vocals\". \"Entertainment Wise\" also gave praise to the song, calling it \"exceptional\" along with album track \"All Is Fair\". Al Fox wrote for BBC Music that \"the casual, high-spirited", "Invisible Empire (song) Invisible Empire (song) \"Invisible Empire\" is a single by Scottish recording artist KT Tunstall. It was released as the third single from her fourth studio album \"Invisible Empire // Crescent Moon\", on 19 August 2013 through iTunes, Amazon and other platforms. The cover for the single depicts Tunstall wearing medieval outfits, holding a rusting crown in front of the sea. The song was first played live in 2012 in a concert with Daryl Hall, and then, it was played a few weeks before the album release on the Jools Holland show and on some radios. A music video premiered on", "That Was the Week That Was programme was scrapped when news of the assassination was received and that the programme was a good expression of the sorrow felt in Britain. After two successful series in 1962 and 1963, the programme did not return in 1964. The reason given by the BBC was that 1964 was an election year and political material could compromise the corporation's impartiality. Prime Minister Harold Macmillan was initially supportive, chastising the Postmaster General Reginald Bevins for threatening to \"do something about it\". However, the BBC received many complaints from organisations and establishment figures. Lord Aldington, vice-chairman of the Conservative Party, wrote to", "The Man Who Was Sherlock Holmes The Man Who Was Sherlock Holmes The Man Who Was Sherlock Holmes () is a German mystery comedy of 1937, directed by Karl Hartl. Detective Morris Flynn (Hans Albers) and his assistant Macky McMacpherson (Heinz Rühmann), masquereading as Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson, investigate two attractive sisters, Mary and Jane Berry, and the theft and forgery of valuable postage stamps. \"Lexikon des Internationalen Films\" calls it a swinging, lively comedy. Albers and Rühmann have been two longtime major stars of German cinema and are still known for the main song in this movie, \"Jawohl, meine Herr'n\". \"The Man Who Was", "Banned in the U.S.A. Banned in the U.S.A. Banned in the U.S.A. is the fourth album by the 2 Live Crew. It was originally credited as Luke's solo album. The album included the hits \"Do the Bart\" and the title track. It was also the very first release to bear the RIAA-standard Parental Advisory warning sticker. The eponymous title single is a reference to the decision in a court case that its album \"As Nasty As They Wanna Be\" was obscene (the decision would later be overturned on appeal). Bruce Springsteen granted the group permission to interpolate his song \"Born in the U.S.A.\" for", "Banned in the U.S.A. Banned in the U.S.A. Banned in the U.S.A. is the fourth album by the 2 Live Crew. It was originally credited as Luke's solo album. The album included the hits \"Do the Bart\" and the title track. It was also the very first release to bear the RIAA-standard Parental Advisory warning sticker. The eponymous title single is a reference to the decision in a court case that its album \"As Nasty As They Wanna Be\" was obscene (the decision would later be overturned on appeal). Bruce Springsteen granted the group permission to interpolate his song \"Born in the U.S.A.\" for", "Towards the Sun (song) the movie will be released for November 26, 2014. In June 2013, the film was retitled from \"Happy Smekday!\" to \"Home\". In 2014, \"Variety\" magazine reported that, in addition to her voice role, Rihanna created a concept album for the film which was released on March 23, 2015. It was later revealed that the film's soundtrack would also include songs recorded by Charli XCX, Kiesza and Jennifer Lopez. \"Towards the Sun\" was written by Tiago Carvalho, Gary Go and Rihanna. Scott Mills premiered the song on BBC Radio 1 on February 24, 2015 and it was made available for digital", "The Boy Who Was Chapter 10, \"The Bandits\", tells how Nino arranges for an Italian Prince to be captured by the Carbonari and brought into sympathy with their cause. The \"Epilogue\" which follows is a short poem addressed to Nino by the author, which brings the book to a close. The Boy Who Was The Boy Who Was is a children's historical fantasy novel by Grace Taber Hallock. It tells the story of a human boy blessed with eternal life who participates in the march of history as it moves across the Bay of Naples for 3,000 years. Nino witnesses the destruction of Pompeii,", "The Girl Who Was Plugged In situation, Tiptree is suggesting that by writing this story P. Burke cannot be successful in her female body as a science fiction writer. Melissa Stevenson sums up this point by stating that “The Girl Who Was Plugged In: is a tale of transformations and masks, the story of a girl who is not who she seems to be, written by an author who was not exactly who “he” seemed to be”. Tiptree is writing about a girl who is masking her appearance in order to be successful which is eerily similar to the way that masking her image is for", "The Invisible Enemy (Doctor Who) The Invisible Enemy (Doctor Who) The Invisible Enemy is the second serial of the 15th season of the British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\", which was first broadcast in four weekly parts on BBC1 from 1 to 22 October 1977. The serial introduced the robot dog K9, voiced by John Leeson. In the serial, an intelligent virus intends to spread across the universe after finding a suitable spawning location on the moon Titan. Mankind is colonising space at a fantastic rate. Some human space travellers are cruising near the outer planets of the solar system with their ship on", "Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Germany was represented by Lena Valaitis, with the song \"Johnny Blue\", at the 1981 Eurovision Song Contest, which took place on 4 April in Dublin. \"Johnny Blue\" was the winner of the German national final, held on 28 February. Valaitis had previously taken part in the German final in 1976. The final was held at the Bayerischer Rundfunk TV studios in Munich, hosted by the previous year's German representative Katja Ebstein. 12 songs took part and the winner was chosen by a panel of approximately 500 people who had been selected as providing", "Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground \"Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground\" is a gospel blues song written and performed by American musician Blind Willie Johnson and recorded in 1927. The song is primarily an instrumental featuring Johnson's self-taught bottleneck slide guitar and picking style accompanied by his vocalizations of humming and moaning. It has the distinction of being one of 27 samples of music included on the Voyager Golden Record, launched into space in 1977 to represent the diversity of life on Earth. The song has been highly praised and covered by numerous musicians and", "The Man Who Was Sherlock Holmes Sherlock Holmes\" was released on DVD on 24 March 2009. The Man Who Was Sherlock Holmes The Man Who Was Sherlock Holmes () is a German mystery comedy of 1937, directed by Karl Hartl. Detective Morris Flynn (Hans Albers) and his assistant Macky McMacpherson (Heinz Rühmann), masquereading as Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson, investigate two attractive sisters, Mary and Jane Berry, and the theft and forgery of valuable postage stamps. \"Lexikon des Internationalen Films\" calls it a swinging, lively comedy. Albers and Rühmann have been two longtime major stars of German cinema and are still known for the main song", "Invisible (Hunter Hayes song) Invisible (Hunter Hayes song) \"Invisible\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Hunter Hayes for his second studio album, \"Storyline\" (2014). Hayes co-wrote the song in a collaboration with Bonnie Baker and Katrina Elam, while the production was handled by Hayes and Dann Huff. The song was debuted at the 2014 Grammy Awards on January 26, 2014, and was released to digital retailers the same day. Hayes wrote this song about the bullying that he experienced while growing up. In an interview with Entertainment Tonight, Hayes said, \"To me it's also just about being misunderstood. Just me being", "Invisible (Skylar Grey song) that \"Songwriter Skylar Grey’s Interscope debut is titled “Invisible,” and so it is in more ways than one. Superheroes, for one, have exhibited such a superpowers [sic]. Grey shows off her Spider-man side in the newly minted music video for the album’s title track.\" Digital Single Digital Remix EP \"Invisible\" entered the \"Billboard\" Dance/Club Play Songs chart on the week of October 1, 2011, making it her first song to chart on any \"Billboard\" chart. Invisible (Skylar Grey song) \"Invisible\" is the debut single by American recording artist Skylar Grey. It was officially first released on iTunes on August 9,", "Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Norway was represented by Finn Kalvik, with the song '\"Aldri i livet\", at the 1981 Eurovision Song Contest, which took place on 4 April in Dublin. \"Aldri i livet\" was chosen as the Norwegian entry at the Melodi Grand Prix on 7 March. The MGP was held at the studios of broadcaster NRK in Oslo, hosted by the previous year's Norwegian performer Sverre Kjelsberg. Ten songs took part in the final, with the winner chosen by a 9-member jury, two of whose members were Ellen Nikolaysen, who represented Norway in 1973 (as a", "The Banned 2004, including tracks by Precious Little and The Retros. With only one single making the UK Singles Chart (No. 36 in December 1977 for \"Little Girl\"), the Banned join the list of one-hit wonders; a list that includes other UK punk or new wave acts such as John Cooper Clarke, Jilted John, 999, the Radio Stars, the Rich Kids and The Vibrators. The Banned The Banned were an English punk/new wave outfit in the late 1970s. The Banned had a minor UK hit in 1977 with \"Little Girl\", a cover version of a 1966 U.S. hit song by the Syndicate", "The Sun Rising who was a member of the vocal ensemble Gothic Voices in 1981 when the album \"A Feather On The Breath Of God\" was originally recorded. The \"O Euchari\" sample was not credited on the release of \"The Sun Rising\" single. An out of court settlement was reached between WEA and the \"Gothic Voices\" record label \"Hyperion Records\" for this omission. The song was also used in a commercial for the breakfast cereal Alpen. The Sun Rising \"The Sun Rising\" is a hit single by UK band The Beloved. It was their first top 40 hit in the UK, peaking at", "Invisible (Hunter Hayes song) the following week it reached No. 1 on the Country Digital Songs chart with 92,000 copies sold for the week, and reaching No. 4 on Hot Country Songs and No. 44 on Billboard Hot 100. The song has sold 419,000 copies in the U.S. as of June 2014. Invisible (Hunter Hayes song) \"Invisible\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Hunter Hayes for his second studio album, \"Storyline\" (2014). Hayes co-wrote the song in a collaboration with Bonnie Baker and Katrina Elam, while the production was handled by Hayes and Dann Huff. The song was debuted at the", "Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Switzerland was represented by Peter, Sue and Marc with the song Io senza te at the 1981 Eurovision Song Contest which took place on April 4. The group were the winners of the Swiss national final for the 1981 Contest, held on February 21. Swiss French broadcaster TSR in charge of broadcasting the selection for the Swiss entry for the 1981 Contest. The Final was held at the Geneva Palladium in Geneva, hosted by Jean-Pierre Pastori. Six songs were submitted for the 1981 national final and the winning song was submitted by 3", "The Girl Who Was Plugged In could only fulfill the ideals of the science fiction community by assuming a male persona. By the numerous ways Tiptree touched on essential feminist topics in a single short story, it becomes clear why she was one of the most prominent feminist science fiction writers in her time. The Girl Who Was Plugged In \"The Girl Who Was Plugged In\" is a science fiction novella by American writer James Tiptree, Jr., a pen name used by American writer Alice Sheldon. It won the Hugo Award for Best Novella in 1974. The story takes place in the future, where almost everything", "Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground the Night, Cold Was the Ground\" was included, according to Timothy Ferris, because \"Johnson's song concerns a situation he faced many times: nightfall with no place to sleep. Since humans appeared on Earth, the shroud of night has yet to fall without touching a man or woman in the same plight.\" Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground \"Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground\" is a gospel blues song written and performed by American musician Blind Willie Johnson and recorded in 1927. The song is primarily an instrumental featuring Johnson's self-taught bottleneck slide guitar and picking style", "Oh, soft was the song Oh, soft was the song Oh, soft was the song is a song with words by Gilbert Parker set to music by the English composer Edward Elgar in 1910, as his Op. 59, No. 3. It is the second and last verse of a poem \"At Sea\" which Parker published in Volume I of a series of poems called \"Embers\". The Opus 59 songs were part of a song-cycle of six romantic songs by Parker that was never completed – Nos 1, 2 and 4 were never composed. The other songs were \"Was it some Golden Star?\" and \"Twilight\". The", "I Was a Satellite of the Sun I Was a Satellite of the Sun I Was a Satellite of the Sun - () Soviet feature dramatic science-fiction film of 1959 with animation elements. The story is told as an autobiography of the astronaut character Andrew, and set in the future, where space flight is common. Scientist/Astronaut Petrovich pioneers the way to the Sun, but his spacecraft is never heard from again. Later, Andrew's laboratory investigates means of protection from deadly radiation. Andrew repeats Petrovich's journey, and risks his life to rescue an orbiting science laboratory, which holds the solution to the problem. Altered matter near the Sun", "Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 was decided by the votes of eight regional juries (Sarajevo, Skopje, Novi Sad, Titograd, Zagreb, Belgrade, Ljubljana and Pristina). The winning entry was \"Lejla,\" performed by Bosnian singer Seid Memić-Vajta and composed by Ranko Boban. Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Yugoslavia was present at the Eurovision Song Contest 1981, held in Dublin, Ireland, after opting out of the Eurovision Song Contest 1976 contest in The Hague, Netherlands. After a four-year break Yugoslavia returns to Eurovision Song Contest 1981. The Yugoslavian national final to select their entry, \"Jugovizija 1981\", was held on 28 February at the Studio TV -", "Nothing Was the Same Man among others, has recorded a remix to the track. \"Pound Cake / Paris Morton Music 2\" serves as the album's outro and consists of two songs, \"Pound Cake\" featuring a guest appearance from Jay-Z and \"Paris Morton Music 2\" is a sequel to \"Paris Morton Music\". \"Pound Cake\" features a significant sample of \"C.R.E.A.M.\", performed by Wu-Tang Clan and was produced by frequent collaborator Boi-1da. \"Pound Cake\" was released to radio in the United Kingdom on September 26, 2013, as the album's fourth single, and was subsequently added to the BBC Radio 1Xtra playlist. The song peaked at number", "The Invisible Generation The Invisible Generation The Invisible Generation was a contemporary art project conceived by artist Per Hüttner and Curator Daniele Balit and organized by Vision Forum and created new meeting places between art and its audiences. A great number of projects were realized in Melbourne, Shenzhen, Beijing and Kiev in 2009-2010. For each city the program and artist list was totally new. No project was ever repeated twice. The project always allowed the audience to meet art in new and unexpected situations and played with or confused the audiences’ expectations about what art is, where it normally appears and what shape", "Chasing the Sun (The Wanted song) on a track David Guetta would kill for\". Chasing the Sun (The Wanted song) \"Chasing the Sun\" is a song by English-Irish boy band The Wanted. It was released as their third single in the United States on 17 April 2012, from their debut EP, \"The Wanted: The EP\" (2012). It is also the lead single from their third studio album, \"Word of Mouth\" (2013). The song was co-written by Alex Smith and English rapper Example, and is one of the two theme songs for the 2012 animated film \"\". \"Chasing the Sun\" was released in the United Kingdom on", "Chasing the Sun (The Wanted song) Chasing the Sun (The Wanted song) \"Chasing the Sun\" is a song by English-Irish boy band The Wanted. It was released as their third single in the United States on 17 April 2012, from their debut EP, \"The Wanted: The EP\" (2012). It is also the lead single from their third studio album, \"Word of Mouth\" (2013). The song was co-written by Alex Smith and English rapper Example, and is one of the two theme songs for the 2012 animated film \"\". \"Chasing the Sun\" was released in the United Kingdom on 20 May 2012 and debuted at number two", "The Girl Who Was Plugged In The Girl Who Was Plugged In \"The Girl Who Was Plugged In\" is a science fiction novella by American writer James Tiptree, Jr., a pen name used by American writer Alice Sheldon. It won the Hugo Award for Best Novella in 1974. The story takes place in the future, where almost everything is controlled by corporate interests. Despite advertising being illegal (\"ad\" is, in fact, a dirty word), corporations control consumers through the celebrities they set up, and product placement. The protagonist, seventeen-year-old Philadelphia Burke (known as P. Burke throughout the story), is enlisted to become one of these celebrities.", "Let in the Sun vibe of \"These Days\". It was described as a mix between Calvin Harris and Mumford & Sons by critics, with Barlow calling the song a \"homage to the early years\", and Howard Donald raising the prospect of the band taking the single to Ibiza due to its club sound and music style. Take That performed the single for the first time as part of a live set for BBC Radio 2 in December 2014. Take That performed \"Let in the Sun\" live during the Brit Awards 2015 ceremony. The official music video for \"Let in the Sun\" debuted on Vevo", "Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Yugoslavia was present at the Eurovision Song Contest 1981, held in Dublin, Ireland, after opting out of the Eurovision Song Contest 1976 contest in The Hague, Netherlands. After a four-year break Yugoslavia returns to Eurovision Song Contest 1981. The Yugoslavian national final to select their entry, \"Jugovizija 1981\", was held on 28 February at the Studio TV - TV Beograd in Belgrade, and was hosted by Minja Subota and Helga Vlahović Sixteen songs made it to the national final, which was broadcast by JRT to all of the regions of Yugoslavia. The winner", "In the Sun (painting) In the Sun (painting) In the Sun () is a painting by Alexander Samokhvalov (, 1894–1971), depicting his wife, the artist Maria Alexseevna Kleshchar-Samokhvalova (; 1915–2000). Alexander Samokhvalov was a well-known Russian painter, watercolorist, graphic artist, illustrator, and art teacher. He was an Honored Arts Worker of the RSFSR, who lived and worked in Leningrad, and was regarded as one of the founders and brightest representatives of the Socialist realism art movement. The portrait \"In the Sun\" was painted in Gurzuf, Crimea, where in 1950–60 Samokhvalov repeatedly vacationed with his wife Maria Alekseyevna Kleshchar-Samokhvalova. She was born in the Ukraine", "Mary Was the Marrying Kind Mary Was the Marrying Kind \"Mary Was the Marrying Kind\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Kip Moore, co-written by Dan Couch and Scott Stepakoff. The song, which was released as Moore's debut single in March 2011, was the fourth most added country single at the time of its release and peaked at number 45 on Hot Country Songs. The song did not make the final cut of Moore's debut album \"Up All Night\", although it was included as a bonus track on the deluxe edition. The song talks about women that Moore has dated and the", "That Was the Week That Was L. Wolper documentary film \"Four Days in November\" and on the History Channel 2009 documentary \"JFK: 3 Shots that Changed America\". In addition to the Millicent Martin studio recording of \"In the Summer of His Years\" issued in the US by ABC-Paramount, other versions were recorded and released by Connie Francis (MGM), Mahalia Jackson (Columbia), Kate Smith (RCA Victor), Sarah Vaughan (Vernon) and The Chad Mitchell Trio (Mercury); the Francis recording became a Top 40 hit on the Cash Box pop singles chart in January 1964. BBC presenter Richard Dimbleby, who broadcast the president's funeral from Washington, said the regular", "Under the Sun (song) Under the Sun (song) \"Under the Sun\" is a song recorded by English singer Cheryl, from her third studio album \"A Million Lights\" (2012). The song was released as the second and final single from \"A Million Lights\" on 2 September 2012 through Polydor Records. It was written and produced by Alex da Kid, with additional writing from Mike Del Rio, Jayson DeZuzio, Steven Battey, Carlos Battey, and Cheryl. Lyrically, it speaks of a male telling a female anything she wants to hear to get his way. \"Under the Sun\" is a mid-tempo song, piano riffs, sun-kissed breakbeats, and a", "Beyond the Invisible Beyond the Invisible \"Beyond the Invisible\" is a 1996 song created by the musical project Enigma. This is the first of only two singles taken from the album \"Le Roi est mort, vive le Roi!\". A remake was released by Scooter in 2011. In \"Beyond the Invisible\", Sandra Cretu again provides the opening vocals, Michael Cretu sings lead vocals. The track also includes samples of a Latvian folk ensemble Rasa song Sajāja Brammaņi and a Gregorian chant (Isaiah 64:9-11) from \"Gregoriani Cantus\" by Pierre Kaelin. Most of the tracks on \"Le Roi Est Mort, Vive Le Roi!\" include both Gregorian", "I Was Here (song) mixed to positive reviews from critics, most of whom felt the song's message was too deep for an artist like Beyoncé to sing, and criticized its placement on the track list of \"4\". Georgette Cline of \"The Boombox\" gave the song a positive review stating that, although the lyrics are a bit on the morbid side, it works in Beyoncé's favor, \"proving she can tackle a myriad of subjects\". Matthew Horton of BBC criticized the song's order of placement on the track list of \"4\", stating that \"'Run the World (Girls)' is tagged on like a bonus track following 'I", "Island in the Sun (Weezer song) Island in the Sun (Weezer song) \"Island in the Sun\" is a song by the American rock band Weezer. It is the second single from the band's 2001 self-titled album \"Weezer\". \"Island in the Sun\" was not originally planned to be on the album, but producer Ric Ocasek fought for its inclusion. It was a successful radio single and perhaps the band's biggest hit ever outside of the United States, reaching No. 31 in the UK and No. 17 in France. In January 2002, the Australian Triple J Hottest 100 ranked the song 7 in its 2001 countdown. \"Island in", "That Was the Week That Was that the election was rigged. An Indian version titled \"The Week That Wasn't\" was launched and hosted by Cyrus Broacha. Cleveland, Ohio, local personality Ghoulardi (played by Ernie Anderson), host of WJW-TV's \"Shock Theater\" in the 1960s, ran clips of local celebrities and politicians and satirised them in a \"Shock Theater\" segment entitled \"That Was Weak Wasn't It?\" That Was the Week That Was That Was the Week That Was, informally TWTWTW or TW3, was a satirical television comedy programme on BBC Television in 1962 and 1963. It was devised, produced and directed by Ned Sherrin and presented by David", "The Who Tour 1981 the 1981 tour had almost ended, meaning the new material played on the tour was entirely unfamiliar to audiences. Set lists from 1981 varied from one point of the tour to another, with the band experimenting with different song orders – for example, long-time show closer \"Won't Get Fooled Again\" appeared in the middle of the set early in the tour, with \"Who Are You\" serving as the closer. New songs performed each night were \"You Better You Bet\", \"Don't Let Go the Coat\", \"The Quiet One\", and \"Another Tricky Day\", while \"Did You Steal My Money\" was played occasionally", "Holidays in the Sun (song) associates. Two promotional posters were issued to promote the single. The most common of the pair was simply an oversized reproduction of the single's front cover. The second version featured a monochrome image of a beach scene. This version of the poster was reproduced heavily for commercial sale during the mid-1980s. Holidays in the Sun (song) \"Holidays in the Sun\" is a song by the English band the Sex Pistols. It was released on 14 October 1977 as the band's fourth single, as well as the advance single from their only album \"Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols\".", "Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 the contest was Rolf Zuckowski. Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Switzerland was represented by Peter, Sue and Marc with the song Io senza te at the 1981 Eurovision Song Contest which took place on April 4. The group were the winners of the Swiss national final for the 1981 Contest, held on February 21. Swiss French broadcaster TSR in charge of broadcasting the selection for the Swiss entry for the 1981 Contest. The Final was held at the Geneva Palladium in Geneva, hosted by Jean-Pierre Pastori. Six songs were submitted for the 1981 national final and the winning", "In the Sun (She & Him song) In the Sun (She & Him song) \"In the Sun\" is a song by American duo She & Him, written by Zooey Deschanel for their second album, \"Volume Two\". The song was released as the first single from the album on February 23, 2010, a full month ahead of the album. It was published on-line by Pitchfork on January 22, 2010. The duo performed the song on the \"Late Show with David Letterman\" on April 2, 2010 in promotion of their new album. Interviewed by Pitchfork, songwriter Deschanel stated \"I originally composed it with a classic jazz chord progression—with a", "Banned in the U.S.A. as they thought that this action would make it impossible for Martinez or Navarro to sue them. There were also VHS tape and LaserDisc releases of the group discussing the ban. The album was briefly parodied on a skit of \"In Living Color\" in which Campbell, spoofed by David Alan Grier, is challenged to compose a children's song. Struggling to make a good song, he manages to come up with unoffensive composures until the last line where he must rhyme the word \"tucked\". The skit is cut off by a narrator saying \"The following line is banned in the USA\".", "The Invisible Line \"The Invisible Line\". Robert Diament has said that the album title was inspired by controversial British artist Tracey Emin from passages in her books \"Exploration Of The Soul\" (1994) and \"Strangeland\" (2005): The album is released through singer Robert Diament's own record label, Paper and Glue, and licensed in the USA to Defend Music via Ryko. In October 2007, Temposhark's song \"Blame\", taken from their forthcoming album, was nominated in the \"Best International\" category at the \"Ontario Independent Music Awards\" which take place in Toronto, Canada on November 15, 2007. On December 27, 2007, Diament revealed that one of the", "That Was the Week That Was That Was the Week That Was That Was the Week That Was, informally TWTWTW or TW3, was a satirical television comedy programme on BBC Television in 1962 and 1963. It was devised, produced and directed by Ned Sherrin and presented by David Frost. An American version by the same name aired on NBC from 1964 to 1965, also featuring Frost. The programme is considered a significant element of the satire boom in the UK in the early 1960s. It broke ground in comedy through lampooning the establishment and political figures. Its broadcast coincided with coverage of the politically charged Profumo", "The Boy Who Was on Salerno. Chapter 7, \"The Crusader\", is about the Children's Crusade from two viewpoints: that of a minstrel who has heard the tale and retells it at a great feast, and that of the young boy who led the crusade, whom Nino befriends. Chapter 8, \"Students of Salerno\", is about John of Procida and his diplomatic and spying work in favor of the Hohenstaufen rulers of southern Italy against Charles of Anjou's French. Chapter 9, \"Redbeard and Saint Andrew\", tells about a raid of the Muslim privateer Barbarossa on Amalfi, and how the town was saved by a miraculous storm.", "Watch the Sun Come Up Watch the Sun Come Up \"Watch the Sun Come Up\" is a song by British recording artist Example. It is the first single from Example's second album \"Won't Go Quietly\" and was released on 20 September 2009. Some of the lyrics from Watch the Sun Come Up were taken from Example's unreleased song, \"One Night\" from his 2006 mixtape \"We Didn't Invent The Remix\". The song features additional vocals from David Stewart. The music video was filmed in both London and Ibiza by director Henry Schofield, who had previously worked on Example's other videos and later filmed Professor Green's videos.", "I Was a Satellite of the Sun is responsible for deadly radiation. Animated scenes explain orbital dynamics, auroras, solar radiation, and other scientific topics. The first panel reads: \"In episodes\" \"Uncredited\" I Was a Satellite of the Sun I Was a Satellite of the Sun - () Soviet feature dramatic science-fiction film of 1959 with animation elements. The story is told as an autobiography of the astronaut character Andrew, and set in the future, where space flight is common. Scientist/Astronaut Petrovich pioneers the way to the Sun, but his spacecraft is never heard from again. Later, Andrew's laboratory investigates means of protection from deadly radiation. Andrew repeats", "Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Israel returned at the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 held in Dublin, Ireland, after withdrawing from the 1980 contest because of National Day of Remembrance. Their entry was Hakol Over Habibi with the song \"Halayla\" (Tonight) after they won the Israeli national final, Kdam Eurovision 1981. At Eurovision, the song came seventh, having received 56 points. The Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA) was decided to hold instead of Israel Song Festival, a competition designed to select a song for the contest. The national final was held on 3 March in Jerusalem, and was hosted by", "The Girl Who Was Plugged In Hollinger's view in her article “”Whatever It Is That She’s Since Become”: Writing Bodies of Text and Bodies of Women in James Tiptree, Jr.’s “The Girl Who Was Plugged In” and William Gibson’s “The Winter Market” by stating that P. Burke denies her unappealing, real body. Hollinger sees P. Burke as a representation of the body that is utterly insignificant in the eyes of society. She discusses \"The Girl Who Was Plugged In\" in terms of how gender can act as a form of imprisonment when society expects an unrealistic display of femininity). P. Burke's existence becomes meaningful only when", "Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Turkey took part in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1981. The country was represented by Ayşegül Aldinç and a trio named Modern Folk Üçlüsü with the song \"Dönme Dolap\" written and composed by Ali Kocatepe. The entry was chosen during a national final called \"Şarkı Yarışması\". It shared the 18th-19th place with Portugal within 20 participants with 9 points in Dublin. The final took place on 14 February 1981 at the studios of TRT, Bülend Özveren was hosting the event. Six songs were submitted and the winning song was picked by people's jury.", "Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 with 50 points. Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Sweden chose their entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 in the national selection \"Melodifestivalen 1981\". After a tight race, the winner was a song called \"Fångad i en dröm\", which was performed by Björn Skifs. Björn was also the Swedish representative in the 1978 contest, and had written the song together with Bengt Palmers. At the contest, this year held in Dublin, Ireland, Sweden was drawn #20, at the very end of the start field. The song earned maximum points from France and 10 points from Germany, and finally", "Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 Sweden chose their entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 1981 in the national selection \"Melodifestivalen 1981\". After a tight race, the winner was a song called \"Fångad i en dröm\", which was performed by Björn Skifs. Björn was also the Swedish representative in the 1978 contest, and had written the song together with Bengt Palmers. At the contest, this year held in Dublin, Ireland, Sweden was drawn #20, at the very end of the start field. The song earned maximum points from France and 10 points from Germany, and finally ended up 10th", "The Invisible Line 2008. In 2010, Temposhark's \"Knock Me Out\" gained popularity with gamers thanks to the song being featured on the US computer game website \"OurWorld\" in level 6 of the game \"Dance Planet\" and \"Dance Planet Multiplayer\". The Invisible Line The Invisible Line is the debut album by UK band, Temposhark. Temposhark's debut album was produced and recorded in London by rising producer Sean McGhee with two tracks produced by Frou Frou member Guy Sigsworth, who contributes \"It's Better To Have Loved\" and \"Winter's Coming\". The recording process ran from August 2006 until February 2007. The album will include many brand", "The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini of principal photography, including addition of a new plot involving an old man who has to perform a good deed in order to gain eternal youth, and a sexy ghost in an invisible bikini who helps him. The old man was played by Boris Karloff and the ghost by Nicholson's wife Susan Hart. The movie was retitled \"Ghost in the Invisible Bikini.\" Hart shot her scenes wearing a blonde wig and black velvet bathing suit, shot against a black velvet backdrop. They were directed by editor Ronnie Sinclair. Hart worked for two weeks on her own, then for a week" ]

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[ "Duggi (drum) has of sustaining the frequencies of a note. Duggi (drum) The duggi, dugi or dukkar, is an Indian drum, with a kettle drum shape, played with fingers and palm of the hand. It is used in baul music of the Bengal/Bangladesh region. It is also employed in folk music of Uttar Pradesh (duggi) and Punjab (dukkar). In shehnai ensembles, a duggi player provided rhythm accompaniment, but nowadays, a tabla player has the role. The duggi part in those ensembles consists of two drums, like a tabla and bayan, but smaller in size. The duggi has neither the resounding quality of", "Duggi (drum) Duggi (drum) The duggi, dugi or dukkar, is an Indian drum, with a kettle drum shape, played with fingers and palm of the hand. It is used in baul music of the Bengal/Bangladesh region. It is also employed in folk music of Uttar Pradesh (duggi) and Punjab (dukkar). In shehnai ensembles, a duggi player provided rhythm accompaniment, but nowadays, a tabla player has the role. The duggi part in those ensembles consists of two drums, like a tabla and bayan, but smaller in size. The duggi has neither the resounding quality of the tabla nor the peculiarity that the tabla" ]

[ "Percussion instrument Percussion instrument A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater (including attached or enclosed beaters or rattles); struck, scraped or rubbed by hand; or struck against another similar instrument. The percussion family is believed to include the oldest musical instruments, following the human voice. The percussion section of an orchestra most commonly contains instruments such as timpani, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, triangle and tambourine. However, the section can also contain non-percussive instruments, such as whistles and sirens, or a blown conch shell. Percussive techniques can also be applied to", "Percussion instrument cultural group. This category includes instruments which are widely available and popular throughout the world: Different objects are used to strike a percussion instrument in order to produce its sound. The general term for a musician who plays percussion instruments is \"percussionist\" but the terms listed below are often used to describe a person's specialties: Percussion instrument A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater (including attached or enclosed beaters or rattles); struck, scraped or rubbed by hand; or struck against another similar instrument. The percussion family is believed to", "Unpitched percussion instrument Unpitched percussion instrument An unpitched percussion instrument is a percussion instrument played in such a way as to produce sounds of indeterminate pitch, or an instrument normally played in this fashion. Unpitched percussion is typically used to maintain a rhythm or to provide accents, and its sounds are unrelated to the melody and harmony of the music. Within the orchestra unpitched percussion is termed auxiliary percussion, and this subsection of the percussion section includes all unpitched instruments of the orchestra however they are played, for example the pea whistle and siren. A common and typical example of an unpitched instrument", "Keyboard percussion instrument Keyboard percussion instrument A keyboard percussion instrument, shortened as 'Keyperc', is a chromatic melodic percussion instrument arranged in a similar pattern to a piano keyboard and played with hands or percussion mallets. Although, KeyPerc instruments for children may be diatonic or pentatonic. Despite the name, keyboard instruments such as the celesta, toy piano, and keyboard glockenspiel are not considered \"keyboard percussion\", owing to the very different skills required to play them. These instruments are percussion instruments in most senses but are part of the keyboard section rather than the percussion section of an orchestra. Keyboard percussion instruments do not possess", "Keyboard percussion instrument keyboards as such, but instead follow the arrangement of the keyboard. Keyboard percussion instruments include marimba, xylophone, vibraphone, glockenspiel, and tubular bells. Classical African music commonly has marimbas and other xylophone in it. Jazz has vibraphones, although symphonies of various romantic music and modern classical music might call for them. Keyboard percussion instrument A keyboard percussion instrument, shortened as 'Keyperc', is a chromatic melodic percussion instrument arranged in a similar pattern to a piano keyboard and played with hands or percussion mallets. Although, KeyPerc instruments for children may be diatonic or pentatonic. Despite the name, keyboard instruments such as the", "Zhu (percussion instrument) in Confucian ritual music by the Taiwan Confucian Temple. The \"Zhu\" is mentioned, along with another percussion instrument called \"Yu\" (敔), in pre-Qin Dynasty annals, and appears in the Classic of History. The Korean \"Chuk\" (hangul: 축; hanja: 柷), a musical instrument that is essentially identical to the \"Zhu\", from which it was derived, continues to be used in Korean Confucian court ritual music. Zhu (percussion instrument) The Zhu (Chinese: 柷; pinyin: zhù) was a percussion instrument used in the Confucian court ritual music of ancient China. It consisted of a wooden box (which was often painted red or otherwise", "Percussion instrument such as the hang, gongs and the xylophone, but not drums and only some cymbals. 21 \"Struck drums\", includes most types of drum, such as the timpani, snare drum, and tom-tom. (Included in most drum sets or 412.12 \"Percussion reeds\", a class of wind instrument unrelated to \"percussion\" in the more common sense There are many instruments that have some claim to being percussion, but are classified otherwise: Percussion instruments are sometimes classified as \"pitched\" or \"unpitched\". While valid, this classification is widely seen as inadequate. Rather, it may be more informative to describe percussion instruments in regards to one", "Unpitched percussion instrument bells. Lincoln Cathedral, for example, has three bell towers, two containing bells used as unpitched including a chiming clock, and the third containing a pitched ring of bells. Traditionally, unpitched percussion instruments are referred to as untuned percussion, and this remains a common concept and term, and a common name for the auxiliary percussion subsection of the percussion section of the orchestra. However, the terms \"tuned percussion\" and \"untuned percussion\" are avoided in recent organology, for two main reasons: Unpitched percussion instrument An unpitched percussion instrument is a percussion instrument played in such a way as to produce sounds of", "Percussion instrument classifying instruments by function it is useful to note if a percussion instrument makes a definite pitch or indefinite pitch. For example, some percussion instruments (such as the marimba and timpani) produce an obvious fundamental pitch and can therefore play melody and serve harmonic functions in music. Other instruments (such as crash cymbals and snare drums) produce sounds with such complex overtones and a wide range of prominent frequencies that no pitch is discernible. Percussion instruments in this group are sometimes referred to as \"pitched\" or \"tuned\". Examples of percussion instruments with definite pitch: Instruments in this group are sometimes", "Zhu (percussion instrument) Zhu (percussion instrument) The Zhu (Chinese: 柷; pinyin: zhù) was a percussion instrument used in the Confucian court ritual music of ancient China. It consisted of a wooden box (which was often painted red or otherwise decorated) that tapered from the top to the bottom, and was played by grasping a vertical wooden stick and striking it on the bottom face. The instrument was used to mark the beginning of music in the ancient ritual music of China, called \"yayue\". The instrument is rarely used today, with specimens appearing mainly in Chinese museums, although in Taiwan it is still used", "Percussion instrument a specialist rhythm or percussion-clef; More often a bass clef is substituted for rhythm clef. Percussion instruments are classified by various criteria sometimes depending on their construction, ethnic origin, function within musical theory and orchestration, or their relative prevalence in common knowledge. The word \"percussion\" has evolved from Latin terms: \"percussio\" (which translates as \"to beat, strike\" in the musical sense, rather than the violent action), and \"percussus\" (which is a noun meaning \"a beating\"). As a noun in contemporary English it is described in Wiktionary as \"the collision of two bodies to produce a sound\". The usage of the", "Rattle (percussion instrument) Rattle (percussion instrument) A rattle is a type of percussion instrument which produces a sound when shaken. Rattles are described in the Hornbostel–Sachs system as \"Shaken Idiophones or Rattles (112.1)\". Rattles include: Though there are many different sorts of rattles, some music scores indicate simply a rattle (or the corresponding terms French \"claquette\", \"hochet\"; Ger. \"Rassel\", \"Schnarre\"; It. \"nacchere\"). In Ancient Egypt, rattles were used during funerary rituals to signify regeneration in the after-life. Rattles were viewed as sacred and became the forerunners of the sistrum. The earliest Egyptian rattles were ovular and made of pottery. During the Predynastic and", "Rattle (percussion instrument) hereditary right to use the rattle. Rattle (percussion instrument) A rattle is a type of percussion instrument which produces a sound when shaken. Rattles are described in the Hornbostel–Sachs system as \"Shaken Idiophones or Rattles (112.1)\". Rattles include: Though there are many different sorts of rattles, some music scores indicate simply a rattle (or the corresponding terms French \"claquette\", \"hochet\"; Ger. \"Rassel\", \"Schnarre\"; It. \"nacchere\"). In Ancient Egypt, rattles were used during funerary rituals to signify regeneration in the after-life. Rattles were viewed as sacred and became the forerunners of the sistrum. The earliest Egyptian rattles were ovular and made", "Loh tarang (Hourglass-Shaped Drum)<br> • Tamak’(Double-Headed Drum)<br> • Pambai (Cylindrical Drum Pair)<br> • Duggi (Drum)<br> • Elathalam (Miniature Cymbal-like Percussion Instrument)<br> • Loh Tarang (Percussion Instrument)<br> • Khartal (Percussion Instrument) • Urumee (Hourglass-Shaped Drum)<br> • Patayani thappu (Indian Frame Drum)<br> • Dholak (Double-Headed Hand Drum)<br> • Thappu (Circular Wood-Frame Drum)<br> • Pungi (Wind Instrument)<br> • Madhalam (Wooden Drum)<br> • Thavil (Barrel-Shaped Drum)<br> • Titti (Bagpipe)<br> • Mizhavu (Percussion Instrument)<br> • Panchamukha vadyam (Metal Drum)<br> • Gubguba (Percussion String Instrument)<br> • Maddale (Percussion Instrument)<br> • Damru (Two-Headed Drum)<br> • Ghumot (Percussion Instrument) <br> • Kuzhal (Double Reed Wind Instrument)<br> • Dhad (Hourglass-Shaped Drum)<br>", "Yu (percussion instrument) Yu (percussion instrument) The yu (; pinyin: yǔ) was a wooden percussion instrument carved in the shape of a tiger with a serrated back comprising 27 \"teeth\", used since ancient times in China for Confucian court ritual music. It was played by striking its head three times with a bamboo whisk made from approximately 15 stalks of bamboo, and then scraping it across the serrated back once to mark the end of a piece of music. The \"yu\" is mentioned along with another percussion instrument called \"zhu\" (柷) in pre-Qin Dynasty annals; it also appears in the \"Classic of History\".", "Percussion instrument music culture, it is almost impossible to name three or four rock, hip-hop, rap, funk or even soul charts or songs that do not have some sort of percussive beat keeping the tune in time. Because of the diversity of percussive instruments, it is not uncommon to find large musical ensembles composed entirely of percussion. Rhythm, melody, and harmony are all represented in these ensembles. Music for pitched percussion instruments can be notated on a staff with the same treble and bass clefs used by many non-percussive instruments. Music for percussive instruments without a definite pitch can be notated with", "Percussion instrument or more of the following four paradigms: Many texts, including \"Teaching Percussion\" by Gary Cook of the University of Arizona, begin by studying the physical characteristics of instruments and the methods by which they can produce sound. This is perhaps the most scientifically pleasing assignment of nomenclature whereas the other paradigms are more dependent on historical or social circumstances. Based on observation and experimentation, one can determine how an instrument produces sound and then assign the instrument to one of the following four categories: \"Idiophones produce sounds through the vibration of their entire body.\" Examples of idiophones: Most objects commonly", "Percussion mallet Percussion mallet A percussion mallet or beater is an object used to strike or beat a percussion instrument in order to produce its sound. The term \"beater\" is slightly more general; A \"mallet\" is normally held in the hand while a \"beater\" may be foot or mechanically operated, for example in a bass drum pedal; \"Drum stick\" is less general still, but still applied to a wide range of beaters. Some mallets, such as a triangle wand, are normally used only with a specific instrument, while others are used on many different instruments. Some mallets, such as vibraphone mallets, are", "Percussion instrument again generally sparingly. The use of percussion instruments became more frequent in the 20th century classical music. In almost every style of music, percussion plays a pivotal role. In military marching bands and pipes and drums, it is the beat of the bass drum that keeps the soldiers in step and at a regular speed, and it is the snare that provides that crisp, decisive air to the tune of a regiment. In classic jazz, one almost immediately thinks of the distinctive rhythm of the hi-hats or the ride cymbal when the word \"swing\" is spoken. In more recent popular", "Unpitched percussion instrument is the snare drum, which is perceived as unpitched for three reasons: The snare drum illustrates the three main ways in which a sound can be perceived as indeterminate in pitch: In practice two or all of these mechanisms are frequently in effect in producing the sensation of an instrument being \"unpitched\", but any one can be sufficient. It is important to note that many unpitched percussion instruments do or can produce a sound with a recognisable fundamental frequency, and so can also be used as pitched percussion. The pitch of a bell is particularly strong however struck. The sound", "Dagga Couple Dagga Couple The Dagga Couple or DC is a pro-cannabis lobbyist organisation from South Africa founded by Julian Stobbs and Myrtle Clarke after the two were arrested for the possession and dealing in the substance in 2010. Rather than plead guilty, the couple decided instead to sue seven sectors of government that maintained and enforced the policy of cannabis prohibition in the country resulting in what has been described locally as the \"Trial of the Plant\" in 2017. Julian Stobbs, a retired Royal Navy air traffic controller and art director in the television and film industry and Kathleen (Myrtle) Clarke,", "Yu (percussion instrument) The \"yu\" was adopted by the Korean court in ancient times, where it was known as \"eo\" (hangul: ; hanja: ), and is still used in Confucian ritual music. The \"yu\" was also used in Shao music. Yu (percussion instrument) The yu (; pinyin: yǔ) was a wooden percussion instrument carved in the shape of a tiger with a serrated back comprising 27 \"teeth\", used since ancient times in China for Confucian court ritual music. It was played by striking its head three times with a bamboo whisk made from approximately 15 stalks of bamboo, and then scraping it across", "So Beautiful or So What Canaan, Connecticut. The music of \"So Beautiful or So What\" features West African blues-inspired guitar playing, Indian-style percussion, and experimentation with samples, which ranged from an excerpt from a 1941 sermon to nighttime ambience in Kenya. The songs were recorded with little bass but with a very large presence of bells. Much of Simon's lyrics touch on themes of spirituality and mortality, which Simon said was unintentional and resulted naturally in his songwriting process for the album. \"So Beautiful or So What\" received widespread acclaim from critics, many of whom considered it Simon's best work in two decades. It later", "Percussion mallet action that would normally be associated with quite loud playing, but at a moderate or even low volume. The tone produced by many can be adjusted by adjusting the position of one of the bands holding the bundle together. Percussion mallet A percussion mallet or beater is an object used to strike or beat a percussion instrument in order to produce its sound. The term \"beater\" is slightly more general; A \"mallet\" is normally held in the hand while a \"beater\" may be foot or mechanically operated, for example in a bass drum pedal; \"Drum stick\" is less general still,", "Dagga Party Dagga Party Iqela Lentsango: The Dagga Party of South Africa (more commonly known as the Dagga Party) is a South African political party founded in February 2009 by Jeremy Acton, who remains the party's leader. \"Dagga\" is a South African colloquial term for cannabis, the legalisation of which forms the core of the party's platform. The Dagga Party was established to allow voters who support the legalisation of dagga to have representation in elections. The party failed to register with the Independent Electoral Commission in order to contest the 2014 South African general election, missing the deadline because the required", "Dagga Party R200,000 registration fee could not be raised in time. The party's position is that cannabis users should have the same rights as people who use tobacco and alcohol. Acton was one of the people responsible for bringing the case before a South African court which resulted in the partial decriminalisation of dagga in South Africa. Dagga Party Iqela Lentsango: The Dagga Party of South Africa (more commonly known as the Dagga Party) is a South African political party founded in February 2009 by Jeremy Acton, who remains the party's leader. \"Dagga\" is a South African colloquial term for cannabis, the", "Percussion instrument the human body, as in body percussion. On the other hand, keyboard instruments, such as the celesta, are not normally part of the percussion section, but keyboard percussion instruments such as the glockenspiel and xylophone (which do not have piano keyboards) are included. Percussion instruments are most commonly divided into two classes: Pitched percussion instruments, which produce notes with an identifiable pitch, and unpitched percussion instruments, which produce notes or sounds without an identifiable pitch. Percussion instruments may play not only rhythm, but also melody and harmony. Percussion is commonly referred to as \"the backbone\" or \"the heartbeat\" of a", "Percussion instrument musical ensemble, often working in close collaboration with bass instruments, when present. In jazz and other popular music ensembles, the pianist, bassist, drummer and sometimes the guitarist are referred to as the rhythm section. Most classical pieces written for full orchestra since the time of Haydn and Mozart are orchestrated to place emphasis on the strings, woodwinds, and brass. However, often at least one pair of timpani is included, though they rarely play continuously. Rather, they serve to provide additional accents when needed. In the 18th and 19th centuries, other percussion instruments (like the triangle or cymbals) have been used,", "Unpitched percussion instrument of a floor tom played with normal drumsticks is inharmonic, but the same drum played with the mallets and in the fashion of a timpani can produce a recognisable pitch, without requiring any retuning. More radically, pitched instruments can be used to produce unpitched sounds, for example a prepared piano, or the golpe technique of flamenco music. Within a set of unpitched percussion instruments, there is commonly a sense of higher and lower pitch, for example: These pitches however: If either of these two conditions is not met, then the instrument could be considered \"pitched\". Many folk instruments and world", "Percussion instrument term is not unique to music but has application in medicine and weaponry, as in percussion cap, but all known and common uses of the word, \"percussion\", appear to share a similar lineage beginning with the original Latin: \"percussus\". In a musical context then, the term \"percussion instruments\" may have been coined originally to describe a family of musical instruments including drums, rattles, metal plates, or blocks which musicians would beat or strike (as in a collision) to produce sound. Hornbostel–Sachs has no high-level section for \"percussion\". Most percussion instruments (as the term is normally understood) are classified as idiophones", "Percussion instrument and membranophones. However the term \"percussion\" is instead used at lower-levels of the Hornbostel–Sachs hierarchy, including to identify instruments struck with either a non-sonorous object (hand, stick, striker) or against a non-sonorous object (human body, the ground) – as opposed to \"concussion\" which refers to instruments in which two or more complementary sonorous parts are struck against each other – and for other purposes, for example: 111.1 \"Concussion idiophones or clappers\", played in pairs and beaten against each other, such as zills and clapsticks. 111.2 \"Percussion idiophones\", includes many percussion instruments played with the hand or by a percussion mallet,", "Hand percussion Hand percussion Hand percussion is a percussion instrument that is held in the hand. They can be made from wood, metal or plastic and are usually either shaken, scraped or tapped with fingers or a stick. It is a useful category in terms of a large percussion orchestra in that it identifies all instruments that are not drums or pitched percussion such as marimba and xylophone. A shaker (percussion) is any instrument that makes a noise when shaken. Historically they were naturally occurring items such as seed pods. A caxixi is a basketwork shaker with a gourd base. Gourds are", "Percussion instrument referred to as \"non-pitched\", \"unpitched\", or \"untuned\". Traditionally these instruments are thought of as making a sound that contains such complex frequencies that no discernible pitch can be heard. In fact many traditionally unpitched instruments, such as triangles and even cymbals, have also been produced as tuned sets. Examples of percussion instruments with indefinite pitch: Although it is difficult to define what is \"common knowledge\", there are instruments in use by percussionists and composers in contemporary music which are certainly not considered by most to be musical instruments of any kind. Therefore, it is worthwhile to \"try\" to make distinction", "Dagga Couple October of the same year to be enlisted as friends of the court to assist Prince and Acton with Clarke stating \"The case brought by Prince and Acton was unique in that the matter is one of significant public interest and importance‚ invoking a consideration of a vast number of constitutional rights whilst‚ at the same time‚ all of the protagonists on one side of the argument are not represented by counsel\". On 28 October 2017 this application was granted by the constitutional court of South Africa. Dagga Couple The Dagga Couple or DC is a pro-cannabis lobbyist organisation from", "Double bass slap bass that in effect turns the bass into a percussion instrument. In popular music genres, the instrument is usually played with amplification and almost exclusively played with the fingers, \"pizzicato\" style. The pizzicato style varies between different players and genres. Some players perform with the sides of one, two, or three fingers, especially for walking basslines and slow tempo ballads, because this is purported to create a stronger and more solid tone. Some players use the more nimble tips of the fingers to play fast-moving solo passages or to pluck lightly for quiet tunes. The use of amplification allows", "Dagga Couple After their arrest Stobbs and Clarke became known as \"The Dagga Couple\" in local media. The Dagga Couple are suing the following heads of government departments: South Africa is known for having one of the most liberal constitutions in the world and includes such clauses as The Right to Health and The Right to Self-medicate. The Dagga Couple are challenging these and other legal issues in their case at the country's highest court, The Constitutional Court. This landmark case will also challenge certain racially based laws pertaining to the plant. Registered in February 2014 and officially launched by the DC", "Percussion section unique to this instrument is expected. While players of tuned and auxiliary percussion often play many instruments from both subsections during a performance or piece, the timpanist is normally dedicated to that instrument. Percussion section The percussion section is one of the main divisions of the orchestra and the concert band. It includes most percussion instruments and all unpitched instruments. The percussion section is itself divided into three subsections: These three subsections reflect the three main skill areas that a percussionist studies. Percussion sections, consisting of similar instruments, may also be found in stage bands and other musical ensembles. This", "Percussion instrument a number of unconventional instruments in their song Sweet Emotion, including shotguns, brooms, and a sugar bag. The metal band Slipknot is well known for playing unusual percussion items, having two percussionists in the band. Along with deep sounding drums, their sound includes hitting baseball bats and other objects on beer kegs to create a distinctive sound. It is not uncommon to discuss percussion instruments in relation to their cultural origin. This has led to a division between instruments which are considered \"common\" or \"modern,\" and folk instruments which have a significant history or purpose within a geographic region or", "Spank bass of the hand striking the other muted bass strings. Spank bass Spank bass is a musical performance technique evolving out of the slap and pop or slapping methods of bass playing. Spank bass treats the electric bass as a percussion instrument, striking the strings above the pickups with an open palmed hand. The term derives from the motion of spanking. While this method of playing is more visually effective, it lacks the accuracy of slapping. To compensate, the player must fret the note carefully to eliminate other strings from ringing out the primary note. The sound of spank bass combines", "Orchestral percussion a large metal object being struck by a hard material. Mallet percussion (also known as keyboard or tuned percussion) is the general name given to the pitched percussion family. The name is a slight misnomer, in that almost every percussion instrument is struck with some type of mallet or stick. With the exception of the marimba, almost every other keyboard instrument has been used widely in an orchestral setting. There are many extremely common and well-known excerpts for most of the mallet instruments. Gershwin's \"Porgy and Bess\" remains the most requested xylophone excerpt at auditions, with Copland's \"Appalachian Spring\", Kodály's", "Classification of percussion instruments roles. The traditional terms \"tuned percussion\" and \"untuned percussion\" have fallen from favour, replaced loosely by the terms \"pitched\" and \"unpitched\", see Unpitched percussion instrument#Untuned percussion. By far the most common way of classifying percussion is by the style or tradition with which it is most closely associated. An orchestral percussion section is traditionally divided into: Keyboard instruments such as the celesta are not normally part of the percussion section, as the playing skills required are significantly different. Some percussion instruments may be classified according to the material of which they, or their sounding component, are constructed. In this way", "Spank bass Spank bass Spank bass is a musical performance technique evolving out of the slap and pop or slapping methods of bass playing. Spank bass treats the electric bass as a percussion instrument, striking the strings above the pickups with an open palmed hand. The term derives from the motion of spanking. While this method of playing is more visually effective, it lacks the accuracy of slapping. To compensate, the player must fret the note carefully to eliminate other strings from ringing out the primary note. The sound of spank bass combines the thump produced in slapping with the added noise", "Percussion instrument between instruments based on their acceptance or consideration by a general audience. For example, it is safe to argue that most people would not consider an anvil, a brake drum (the circular hub which houses the brake on the wheel of a motor vehicle), or a fifty-five gallon oil barrel to be musical instruments, yet these objects can be used by composers and percussionists of modern music. One might assign various percussion instruments to one of the following categories: One pre-20th century example of found percussion is the use of cannon (usually loaded with blank charges) in Tchiakovsky's \"1812 Overture\".", "Hand percussion alongside the didgeridoo, and claves are an integral part of South American Music. There are a variety of small hand held drums such as tamborim which fall into the Hand Percussion category. Hand percussion Hand percussion is a percussion instrument that is held in the hand. They can be made from wood, metal or plastic and are usually either shaken, scraped or tapped with fingers or a stick. It is a useful category in terms of a large percussion orchestra in that it identifies all instruments that are not drums or pitched percussion such as marimba and xylophone. A shaker", "Mallet percussion keyboard percussion instruments, set out in a fashion similar to a piano keyboard. Although all mallet percussion is played with types of percussion mallet, the converse is not true. Not all instruments played with percussion mallets are termed \"mallet percussion\" instruments, and not all percussion mallets are used to play mallet percussion instruments. Rather, the term \"percussion mallet\" is applied very widely, including for example tympani sticks and even drum sticks and the beaters used for untuned gongs. The Sorcerer's Apprentice by Paul Dukas Mallet percussion A mallet percussion instrument is a melodic percussion instrument played in a particular fashion,", "Gong bass drum there are special larger ones (see below). They are often mounted on legs (much like that of a floor tom), 'rollaway' stands or ordinary tom stands/arms (though usually a pair are used for stability). DW gong bass drum<br> Tama gong bass drum<br> Remo gong drum<br> Gong bass drum A gong bass drum (or simply gong drum) is a musical instrument in the percussion family. It is a type of drum that uses a single large drumhead in order to create a loud, resonant sound when struck. The head can be tuned as loose as possible to avoid any sense of", "So Beautiful or So What Love Song\", contained a chord progression he found particularly interesting. After coming to this realization, he focused on the album’s three ballads, \"Questions for the Angels\", \"Amulet\", and \"Love and Hard Times\". Unlike his previous rhythm-based albums, in which he would gain inspiration for his guitar parts from pre-recorded backing tracks, Simon took a more traditional approach to building the songs on \"So Beautiful or So What\". He wrote songs at home before developing them further in the studio with the help of a natural click track, such as \"a percussion instrument, or even just tapping out a rhythm on", "Gong bass drum Gong bass drum A gong bass drum (or simply gong drum) is a musical instrument in the percussion family. It is a type of drum that uses a single large drumhead in order to create a loud, resonant sound when struck. The head can be tuned as loose as possible to avoid any sense of pitch in the sound, or tensioned more tightly to produce timpani-like tones. Gong bass drums were first produced by Tama in the late 1970s, and have since been used by artists such as Peter Criss of KISS, Billy Cobham, Neil Peart of Rush, Stewart Copeland", "Vocal percussion Vocal percussion Vocal percussion is the art of creating sounds with one's mouth that approximate, imitate, or otherwise serve the same purpose as a percussion instrument, whether in a group of singers, an instrumental ensemble, or solo. Recent musicological research points at Brazilian songwriter and musician Marcos Valle as a pioneer of vocal percussion. In the track \"Mentira\" from his 1973 album \"Previsao do Tempo\", Valle imitates a drum kit with his voice. Beatboxing, an artform pioneered by rapper Doug E. Fresh, is one school of vocal percussion, originating in hip-hop music and often used to accompany rapping. it is", "Percussion notation neutral clef (or \"percussion clef\"), consisting of two parallel vertical lines, is usually preferred now. It is usual to label each instrument and technique the first time it is introduced, or to add an explanatory footnote, to clarify this. Below is an example of drum set notation. Each line and space of the staff is assigned a different part or \"voice\" of the drum kit and these are often laid out at the beginning of a piece of music in what is known as a \"key\" or \"legend\" or occasionally labeled when initially appear in the piece. Below are two", "Mallet percussion Mallet percussion A mallet percussion instrument is a melodic percussion instrument played in a particular fashion, with mallets. Mallet percussion includes: The use of mallet percussion dates back at least 4,000 years to the first known xylophone. Mallet percussion was first used in a modern European orchestra in 1874, when Camille Saint-Saëns used a xylophone in his \"Dance Macabre\". Modern mallet percussion instruments exist at many levels, from toy glockenspiels such as the Pixiphone popularly (and incorrectly) known as \"xylophones\", to orchestral instruments, and including many folk instruments. Many of these are diatonic, while professional mallet percussion instruments are chromatic", "Gralla (instrument) traditional instrument used during the construction and dismantling of human towers or castells and other traditional festivities. Usually it is played with the timbal, a percussion instrument similar to a drum. The traditional \"gralla\" melody used in castells, called the \"toc de castells,\" serves to advise the castellers within the tower what stage of the construction their colleagues have reached, as they are unable to see this. The gralla player is called \"graller\" o \"grallaire\" Gralla (instrument) The gralla (), also known as grall de pastor, xaramita o xirimita, is a traditional Catalan double reed instrument in the shawm family.", "Lujon (musical instrument) Lujon (musical instrument) The lujon ( ) is a bass metallophone consisting of individually-pitched metal plates that are attached to the resonance chambers of a partitioned wooden box. The lujon was invented by William Loughborough. At his Sausalito, California studio, Loughborough created a variety of new percussion instruments, including the boobam and lujon, after working with Harry Partch in the mid-1950s. The lujon is played with soft mallets and produces a sound that is dominated by its fundamental frequency. The instrument is also known as a loo-jon or metal log drum. In a 2009 Web post, Loughborough provided the following", "Bass guitar of the John Mayer Trio and bassist for The Who), Flea (from the Red Hot Chili Peppers) and Alex Katunich (from Incubus). Spank bass developed from the slap and pop style and treats the electric bass as a percussion instrument, striking the strings above the pickups with an open palmed hand. Wooten popularized the \"double thump,\" in which the string is slapped twice, on the upstroke and a downstroke (for more information, see Classical Thump). A rarely used playing technique related to slapping is the use of wooden dowel \"funk fingers\", an approach popularized by Tony Levin. A pick (or", "Vocal percussion In North India, the practice of reciting bols is usually limited to the percussionist reciting the composition about to be played, often in the context of a longer solo. These recitations are also sometimes spoken by a Kathak dancer. Vocal percussion Vocal percussion is the art of creating sounds with one's mouth that approximate, imitate, or otherwise serve the same purpose as a percussion instrument, whether in a group of singers, an instrumental ensemble, or solo. Recent musicological research points at Brazilian songwriter and musician Marcos Valle as a pioneer of vocal percussion. In the track \"Mentira\" from his 1973", "Percussion instrument known as \"drums\" are membranophones. Membranophones produce sound when the membrane or head is struck with a hand, mallet, stick, beater, or improvised tool.\" Examples of membranophones: Most instruments known as \"chordophones\" are defined as string instruments, but some such as these examples are percussion instruments also. Most instruments known as \"aerophones\" are defined as wind instruments such as a saxophone whereby sound is produced by a person or thing blowing air through the object. In a traditional ensemble setting, aerophones are played by a percussionist, generally due to the instrument's unconventional nature. Examples of aerophones played by percussionists: When", "Bass is Base an entrepreneur in the food industry; he returned to release two albums of soul music in 2008 and 2013. Bass is Base Bass is Base was a Canadian R&B group based in North York, Ontario. Bass is Base formed in 1993 and consisted of Chin Injeti on bass, Ivana Santilli on keyboards, and MC Mystic (Roger Mooking) on percussion. All three members contributed vocals, Injeti and Santilli as singers and Mystic as a rapper. In 1994 the band recorded their first album, \"First Impressions for the Bottom Jigglers\", and released it through their self-created label, \"SoulShack\". They also released a", "Bass is Base Bass is Base Bass is Base was a Canadian R&B group based in North York, Ontario. Bass is Base formed in 1993 and consisted of Chin Injeti on bass, Ivana Santilli on keyboards, and MC Mystic (Roger Mooking) on percussion. All three members contributed vocals, Injeti and Santilli as singers and Mystic as a rapper. In 1994 the band recorded their first album, \"First Impressions for the Bottom Jigglers\", and released it through their self-created label, \"SoulShack\". They also released a single from the album, \"Funkmobile\", which was played on Much Music, and this led to a recording contract with", "Percussion notation Percussion notation Percussion notation is a type of musical notation indicating notes to be played by percussion instruments. As with other forms of musical notation, sounds are represented by symbols which are usually written onto a musical staff (or stave). Percussion instruments are generally grouped into two categories: pitched and non-pitched. The notation of non-pitched percussion instruments is less standardized, and is discussed here. Cymbals are usually notated with 'x' note heads, drums with normal elliptical note heads and auxiliary percussion with alternative note heads. Non-pitched percussion notation on a conventional staff once commonly employed the bass clef, but the", "What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third, consciousness is a transient quality, not a permanent quality. By itself, the soul is without consciousness; consciousness is produced in the soul only when it is conjoined with certain other entities. Hiriyanna,", "What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy commenting on this point, notes: Hiriyanna expresses his perplexity in reviewing the Nyaya-Vaisesika view of consciousness, and then comes out with a comment equating this view with the Charvaka view of consciousness: What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy What is Living and What is Dead in Indian Philosophy is a 1976 book by Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya. Explaining the relationship between the soul and consciousness in the Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy, Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya makes three points. First, consciousness in this view is knowledge (jnana) in an empirical sense. Second, consciousness is one of the multiple qualities of the soul. Third,", "Tone (musical instrument) Tone (musical instrument) Tone and sound are terms used by musicians and related professions to refer to the audible characteristics of a player's sound. Tone is the product of all influences on what can be heard by the listener, including the characteristics of the instrument itself, differences in playing technique (e.g. embouchure for woodwind and brass players, fretting technique or use of a slide in stringed instruments, or use of different mallets in percussion), and the physical space in which the instrument is played. In electric and electronic instruments, tone is also affected by the amplifiers, effects, and speakers used", "Body percussion body percussion sounds (in order from lowest pitch to highest in pitch) are: However, there are numerous other possibilities including: hitting the chest, whistling, slapping or flicking the cheeks with an open mouth, clicking with the tongue against the roof of the mouth, grunting, and hitting the buttocks. Variations of sound are possible through changing the playing technique. For example, clapping the hands in various positions will affect factors such as pitch and resonance. Body percussion is used extensively in music education, because of its accessibility—the human body is the original musical instrument and the only instrument that every student", "So Beautiful or So What his guitar.\" He overdubbed additional elements afterwards, including additional guitar parts and percussion. Simon began envisioning the album’s sequencing when he only had a few songs written, letting it inform his songwriting. The music for \"So Beautiful or So What\" was inspired by West African blues, which Simon combined with \"Indian drumming, Old Hollywood strings and bluegrass harmony singing.\" The songs employ a wide variety of samples, including from older blues and gospel recordings. \"Love Is Eternal Sacred Light\" contains a harmonica sample from Sonny Terry, and \"Love and Blessings\" lifts from The Golden Gate Jubilee Quartet. Simon did not", "Bass drum complex linear passages split among the drums to add an additional melodic element to the percussion section. This is characteristic of the marching bass drum—its purpose is to convey complex rhythmic and melodic content, not just to keep the beat. The line provides impact, melody, and tempo due to the nature of the sound of the instruments. The bass line usually has from as many as seven bass drums to as few as two. But most high school drumlines consist of between 3 and 5. Bass drums used in such ensembles are usually those that use 2 mallets (formerly scorch", "Orchestral percussion snare off, producing a high tom sound. Depending on the composer and/or music, the concert tom can be used as both. It gives a warm but sharper tone due to its size, being between 8 and 16 inches in diameter, whereas the concert bass is 30 to 45 inches. Factors such as the feel of the piece and the time period in which it was written are taken into account when using the concert tom. Auxiliary percussion (also known as battery percussion or accessory percussion) include instruments like the triangle, castanets, and tambourine. These instruments are often overlooked and treated", "Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta drum, cymbals, tam-tam, bass drum, and timpani) and celesta. The ensemble also includes a piano, which may be classified as either a percussion or string instrument (the celesta player also plays piano during 4-hand passages). Bartók divides the strings into two groups which he directs should be placed antiphonally on opposite sides of the stage, and he makes use of antiphonal effects particularly in the second and fourth movements. The piece is in four movements, the first and third slow, the second and fourth quick. All movements are written without key signature: The first movement is a slow fugue with", "Dagga Couple laws. Cannabis is considered a Schedule 7 drug in South Africa, along with heroin, cocaine and methamphetamine; The Dagga Couple intend to challenge this and many other legal aspects they consider \"unjust and irrational, not supported by any empirical evidence and outdated\". In line with changing attitudes worldwide, they also believe cannabis does far less damage than alcohol or tobacco and that it can be used for medicinal purposes. Cannabis is illegal for recreational and medical use in South Africa though some advocates have been pressurising the government to modify its laws, which first restricted cannabis in 1922, to allow", "Dagga Couple in December 2014, \"Fields of Green for All\" is South Africa's first cannabis-based non profit organisation aimed at assisting citizens arrested on any cannabis related offense to apply for a stay of prosecution pending the outcome of The Dagga Couple's constitutional hearing expected in 2018. By joining, anyone arrested for any cannabis related charge in South Africa will receive all the legal assistance necessary in order to obtain the stay of prosecution. The idea being that instead of pleading guilty and accepting a criminal record, incarceration or a suspended sentence and a fine, people are taking a stand and declaring", "Classification of percussion instruments some idiophones for example are sometimes grouped together as metallophones and others as lithophones. This scheme does not have any wider acceptance, to the point that some terms that might be used in such schemes have meanings in general usage that are inconsistent with it. For example, the serpent is a brass instrument although composed of wood, while many gongs and some cymbals are composed of brass but are not \"brass instruments\", and the modern orchestral flute is a woodwind instrument although composed of silver and/or other metals. Classification of percussion instruments There are several overlapping schemes for the classification", "Taal (instrument) hold great importance and are played in bhajan, santvani and dayro. Gadam Taal (instrument) The taal (; , Gini ), manjira (also spelled manjīrā or manjeera), jalra, or gini is a pair of clash cymbals, which make high-pitched percussion sounds. In its simplest form, it consists of a pair of small hand cymbals. The word taal comes from the Sanskrit word \"Tālà\", literally means a clap. It is a part of Indian music and culture, used in various traditional customs e.g. Bihu music, Harinaam etc.It is a type of Ghana vadya. In Hindu religious contexts it is known as karatalas", "Taal (instrument) Taal (instrument) The taal (; , Gini ), manjira (also spelled manjīrā or manjeera), jalra, or gini is a pair of clash cymbals, which make high-pitched percussion sounds. In its simplest form, it consists of a pair of small hand cymbals. The word taal comes from the Sanskrit word \"Tālà\", literally means a clap. It is a part of Indian music and culture, used in various traditional customs e.g. Bihu music, Harinaam etc.It is a type of Ghana vadya. In Hindu religious contexts it is known as karatalas (, IAST: ), pronounced \"karataala\", (literally beat-\"tala\" hand -kara), typically used to", "Double bass and use in the contra octave below the cello, also called the 16' octave relative to the church pipe organ. The terms for the instrument among classical performers are contrabass (which comes from the instrument's Italian name, contrabbasso), string bass (to distinguish it from brass bass instruments in a concert band, such as tubas), or simply bass. In jazz, blues, rockabilly and other genres outside of classical music, this instrument is commonly called the upright bass, standup bass or acoustic bass to distinguish it from the electric bass guitar. In folk and bluegrass music, the instrument is also referred to", "Percussion instrument John Cage, Harry Partch, Edgard Varèse, and Peter Schickele, all noted composers, created entire pieces of music using unconventional instruments. Beginning in the early 20th century, perhaps with \"Ionisation\" by Edgard Varèse which used air-raid sirens (among other things), composers began to require percussionists to invent or \"find\" objects to produce the desired sounds and textures. Another example includes the use of a hammer and saw in Penderecki's \"De Natura Sonoris No. 2\". By late 20th century, such instruments had become common in modern percussion ensemble music and popular productions, such as the off-Broadway show, Stomp. Rock band Aerosmith used", "Musical instrument important, provides only possible classification for each instrument. The most common types of instrument classifications are strings, brass, woodwind, and percussion. An ancient Hindu system named the \"Natya Shastra\", written by the sage Bharata Muni and dating from between 200 BC and 200 AD, divides instruments into four main classification groups: instruments where the sound is produced by vibrating strings; percussion instruments with skin heads; instruments where the sound is produced by vibrating columns of air; and \"solid\", or non-skin, percussion instruments. This system was adapted to some degree in 12th-century Europe by Johannes de Muris, who used the terms", "Folk instrument Folk instrument A folk instrument is a musical instrument that developed among common people and usually does not have a known inventor. It can be made from wood, metal or other material. Such an instrument is played in performances of folk music. The instruments can be percussion instruments, or different types of flutes or trumpets, or string instruments that are plucked, hammered or use a form of bow. Some instruments are referred to as folk instruments because they commonly appear in folk music, even though they do not meet the criteria defining a folk instrument; an example is the harmonica.", "Folk instrument Folk instrument A folk instrument is a musical instrument that developed among common people and usually does not have a known inventor. It can be made from wood, metal or other material. Such an instrument is played in performances of folk music. The instruments can be percussion instruments, or different types of flutes or trumpets, or string instruments that are plucked, hammered or use a form of bow. Some instruments are referred to as folk instruments because they commonly appear in folk music, even though they do not meet the criteria defining a folk instrument; an example is the harmonica.", "Pate (instrument) Pate (instrument) The Pātē is a Samoan percussion instrument of Tahitian origin, named after the Samoan word for \"beat\" or \"clap\" \"pulse\". It is one of many Samoan log drum variants and is of the slit drum family, and therefore is also of the idiophone percussion family. It is made from a hollowed-out log, usually of Miro wood and produces a distinctive and loud sound. Different sizes of log drums offer different pitches and volumes, as well as striking the log drum in the middle or near the ends. Samoa had large Indigenous log wood Talipalau drums a variant a", "Bass Is Maternal The duo felt that the dub-style \"low end pressure\" bass, felt in the music of King Tubby, Prince Jammy and Scientist, was the main element of their production style. According to \"The Wire\", \"Bass Is Maternal\" foregrounds the bass, but experiments with synth melodies and heavy, distorted drum sounds which are juxtaposed with \"ghostly backwards guitar effects\" and feedback. They compared the album's experimental trawl through different genres and soundscapes to dub producers like King Tubby, Scientist and Dennis Bovell and experimental post-punk bands like Public Image Ltd. \"Hold On (Strange Mix)\" is driven by distorted, backwards guitar, a breakbeat,", "Jingle (percussion) Jingle (percussion) In percussion, a jingle is one of a cluster of small bells, shaken or tapped on the palm of the player's hand. The small metal discs arranged around the frame of a tambourine are also called \"jingles\". In the Hornbostel–Sachs instrument-classification system, they are described as \"shaken idiophones\". Jingles were often found in ancient times as harness ornaments suspended from the trappings of horses, mules, and camels . That term is referenced in Bob Dylan's hit song, \"Mr. Tambourine Man\". It is an onomatopoeic term, often used together with \"jangle\". An example of that usage is found in", "Washtub bass portable resonators, has led to many variations, such as the \"dan bau\" (Vietnam) and \"gopichand\" (India), and more recently, the \"electric one-string\", which amplifies the sound using a pickup. The washtub bass is sometimes used in a jug band, often accompanied by a washboard as a percussion instrument. Jug bands, first known as \"spasm bands\", were popular especially among African-Americans around 1900 in New Orleans and reached a height of popularity between 1925 and 1935 in Memphis and Louisville. At about the same time, European-Americans of Appalachia were using the instrument in \"old-timey\" folk music. A musical style known as", "Spoon (musical instrument) be emitted by holding the bowl more or less tightly. These wooden spoons are commonly used in performances of Russian folk music and sometimes even in Russian orchestras. A video of a choir performing a Russian folk song with spoon and balalaika accompaniment can be found below. Kaşık (spoon) is a Turkish and Uzbekistan percussion instrument. The ones made from boxwood are particularly favoured. There are also different holding styles. Spoon (musical instrument) Spoons can be played as a makeshift percussion instrument, or more specifically, an idiophone related to the castanets. They are played by hitting one spoon against the", "Jingle (percussion) the Frank Loesser song \"Jingle Jangle Jingle\". Jingle (percussion) In percussion, a jingle is one of a cluster of small bells, shaken or tapped on the palm of the player's hand. The small metal discs arranged around the frame of a tambourine are also called \"jingles\". In the Hornbostel–Sachs instrument-classification system, they are described as \"shaken idiophones\". Jingles were often found in ancient times as harness ornaments suspended from the trappings of horses, mules, and camels . That term is referenced in Bob Dylan's hit song, \"Mr. Tambourine Man\". It is an onomatopoeic term, often used together with \"jangle\". An", "Clef each assigned to a percussion instrument with no precise pitch. With the exception of some common drum-kit and marching percussion layouts, the keying of lines and spaces to instruments is not standardised, so a legend or indications above the stave are necessary to indicate what is to be played. Percussion instruments with identifiable pitches do not use the neutral clef, and timpani (notated in bass clef) and mallet percussion (noted in treble clef or on a grand stave) are usually notated on different staves than unpitched percussion. Staves with a neutral clef do not always have five lines. Commonly, percussion", "Toccata for Percussion Instruments (Chávez) month of each year in honor of Tezcatlipoca (the \"smoking mirror\" or \"mirror of fire\"). The Toccata is composed for 2 snare drums, Indian drums (1 small and 1 or 2 larger ones), 2 tenor drums, bass drum, claves, maraca, 2 suspended cymbals, large and small gongs, 2 tubular chimes, glockenspiel, xylophone, and 3 timpani, distributed among six players. It is in three movements, played without a break. The Toccata was one of the first major pieces written for percussion ensemble alone, becoming a cornerstone in rhythmic music. Originally, a toccata was a fast, virtuosic composition. However, Chávez applied the", "Spoon (musical instrument) Spoon (musical instrument) Spoons can be played as a makeshift percussion instrument, or more specifically, an idiophone related to the castanets. They are played by hitting one spoon against the other. In the United States spoons as instrument are associated with American folk music, minstrelsy, and jug and spasm bands. These musical genres make use of other everyday objects as instruments, such as the washboard and the jug. In addition to common tableware, spoons that are joined at the handle are available from musical instrument suppliers. As percussion, spoons accompany fiddle playing and other folk sets. An example is seen", "Unpitched percussion instrument music instruments are tuned to match the pitch of a particular degree of the scale of the music, including: These harmonic relationships may or may not be understood by the players themselves, but are consistently produced by skilled performers within the tradition , and this skill in tuning is passed on to their students. Failure to recognise these relationships is a common cause for such instruments sounding \"bad\" in the hands of beginners and players from other traditions, when heard by those familiar with the tradition. Instruments regularly used both as pitched and as unpitched percussion include many types of", "Bass guitar Bass guitar The bass guitar (also known as electric bass, or simply bass) is a stringed instrument similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, except with a longer neck and scale length, and four to six strings or courses. The four-string bass is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lowest pitched strings of a guitar (E, A, D, and G). The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds. It is played primarily with the", "Fou (instrument) 缶), which is derived from the \"fou\", is used. Fou (instrument) The Fou (缶 or 缻; pinyin: fǒu) is an ancient Chinese percussion instrument consisting of a pottery or bronzeware crock, jar, pot, or similar vessel, which was struck with a stick. Its origin dates back to the Xia or Shang dynasties, where it was used in ritual music. It later became a standard instrument in Confucian ritual ensembles. It was first confirmed in 2004 that the \"fou\" is an instrument, with the discovery of nearly 500 musical instruments in the Tombs for Nobles of the Yue State, Wuxi City,", "Pate (instrument) continues to be hollowed out through the slit. Both the shape of the slit and the extent that the log is gutted will affect the tone and pitch of the pate. Pate (instrument) The Pātē is a Samoan percussion instrument of Tahitian origin, named after the Samoan word for \"beat\" or \"clap\" \"pulse\". It is one of many Samoan log drum variants and is of the slit drum family, and therefore is also of the idiophone percussion family. It is made from a hollowed-out log, usually of Miro wood and produces a distinctive and loud sound. Different sizes of log", "Fou (instrument) Fou (instrument) The Fou (缶 or 缻; pinyin: fǒu) is an ancient Chinese percussion instrument consisting of a pottery or bronzeware crock, jar, pot, or similar vessel, which was struck with a stick. Its origin dates back to the Xia or Shang dynasties, where it was used in ritual music. It later became a standard instrument in Confucian ritual ensembles. It was first confirmed in 2004 that the \"fou\" is an instrument, with the discovery of nearly 500 musical instruments in the Tombs for Nobles of the Yue State, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province. Also found there were nine other varieties", "So Beautiful or So What want to record an ordinary studio album and instead, according to Ramone, wanted \"lots of space with lots of atmosphere and feeling ... Rather than go for hugely orchestrated ideas he was going, for example, for overtones in bells and gongs. Or if a sax or a kora comes in, they're there to do something specific, and not to fill in the space.\" The album's music is also largely devoid of heavy bass (some tracks actually using a baritone guitar instead), and drums are very quiet and reserved. Smith said percussion instruments, including exotic bells, ancient hand bells, and glockenspiels,", "Washtub bass pole, traditionally a broomstick, placed into or alongside the chest. One or more strings are stretched along the pole and plucked. In Europe, particularly England and Germany, the instrument is associated with skiffle bands. In Australia it was traditionally used to provide deep sounds for \"bush bands\", though most such groups today use electric bass or double bass. It was commonly called a \"bush bass\". Other variations on the basic design are found around the world, particularly in the choice of resonator, for example: Washtub bass The washtub bass, or gutbucket, is a stringed instrument used in American folk music", "Bass recorder this size of recorder as the lowest member of the \"four-foot\" consort, in which the instruments sound an octave higher than the corresponding human voices. Praetorius calls the next-lower instrument (bottom note B) a \"bass\", and the instrument an octave lower than the basset (with bottom note F) a \"Großbaß\", or \"large bass\" (; ). The bass is usually the lowest instrument of the recorder consort, but it may be used as an alto in \"eight-foot\" register in the so-called \"great consort\" or \"grand jeux\", in which case two larger sizes of bass recorder take the lower parts and a", "Percussion section \"tuned percussion\" subsection owing to the particular skills expected of the player. All unpitched percussion instruments are grouped into the auxiliary percussion subsection, which includes an enormous variety of instruments, including drums, cymbals, bells, shakers, whistles and even found objects. Players are expected to be accomplished on the snare drum, bass drum, clash cymbals and other hand percussion, and to be able to adapt these skills to playing other instruments and even objects, for example the typewriter. The timpanist is a specialist who does not usually perform on the other percussion instruments during a concert. A high level of skill", "Purdue Big Bass Drum and original cost. Thursday of camp the crew scales the stairs of Ross–Ade Stadium for one final run in the blistering sun of an Indiana August. Purdue Big Bass Drum The Purdue Big Bass Drum is a percussion instrument played by the All-American Marching Band of Purdue University. At a height of over ten feet (three meters) when the carriage is included, it is branded by Purdue as the \"World's Largest Drum.\" Since its inception, it has become a lasting symbol of the marching band as well as the university. The drum can be seen at all home football games", "Purdue Big Bass Drum Purdue Big Bass Drum The Purdue Big Bass Drum is a percussion instrument played by the All-American Marching Band of Purdue University. At a height of over ten feet (three meters) when the carriage is included, it is branded by Purdue as the \"World's Largest Drum.\" Since its inception, it has become a lasting symbol of the marching band as well as the university. The drum can be seen at all home football games as well as parades, alumni rallies, the Indianapolis 500 Race, and many other special events. The drum stands approximately ten feet high on its carriage. Purdue", "Bass song bass songs utilize sub-bass frequencies ranging from 15 Hz to 80 Hz, which is the general operating range for a car subwoofer setup. Ported subwoofer enclosure tuning frequencies are usually within this range. A low frequency bassline in a bass song is usually created using a synthesizer to generate sine wave based tones, which sometimes has an acoustic or electronic kick drum sample layered on top of the attack transient. A baseline can also be created by pitch shifting an existing instrument sample, or using an acoustic bass instrument, and optionally applying a low-pass filter and/or equalization. Bass song A" ]

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[ "Epping Forest District Epping Forest District Epping Forest is a local government district in Essex, England. It is named after, and contains a large part of, Epping Forest. The district, though wholly within the county of Essex, is partly contiguous with Greater London to the south and southwest, and the area around Buckhurst Hill, Chigwell, Waltham Abbey and Loughton is statistically part of the Greater London Built-up Area. Epping Forest District also borders Hertfordshire both to the northeast and southwest of the neighbouring district of Harlow. The whole district is divided into civil parishes a majority of which, particularly in the north and", "Epping Forest Forest was the venue for an important cricket match in which London played Essex & Hertfordshire. The result is unknown. The match is the earliest known reference to both Essex and Hertfordshire as county teams. The terms were \"for £50 a side, play or pay; wickets to be pitched at one o'clock precisely or forfeit half the money\". This is the only time that the forest has been named in connection with top-class cricket. Today, cricket is played on forest land at Woodford Green, Bell Common (Epping), Buckhurst Hill, and High Beach. Epping Forest attracts large numbers of mountain bikers.", "Debden, Epping Forest Debden, Epping Forest Debden is a suburb in the civil parish of Loughton, in the Epping Forest district of Essex, England. It takes its name from the ancient manor of Debden, which lay at its northern end. The area is predominantly residential, but is also the location of Epping Forest College, East 15 Acting School and the De La Rue printing works. It is one of a limited number of places outside Greater London to be served by the London Underground. The name (\"Deppendana\" in the Domesday Book of 1086) is derived from the Old English \"dep\", 'deep' and \"den\",", "Epping Forest Epping Forest Epping Forest is a area of ancient woodland between Epping in Essex to the north, and Forest Gate in Greater London to the south, straddling the border between London and Essex. It is a former royal forest, and is managed by the City of London Corporation. An area of is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and a Special Area of Conservation. It gives its name to the Epping Forest local government district, which covers part of it. The forest is approximately long in the north-south direction, but no more than from east to west at its widest", "Epping Forest District for election. The wards are: The table below summarises the number of seats held by each party after each year's elections (no elections took place in 2005, 2009, 2013 and 2017). The council returned to Conservative control following the gain of a seat in a by-election in December 2006 after being under no overall control since 1994. Epping Forest District Epping Forest is a local government district in Essex, England. It is named after, and contains a large part of, Epping Forest. The district, though wholly within the county of Essex, is partly contiguous with Greater London to the south", "Epping Forest District Council elections Epping Forest District Council elections The district of Epping Forest is in the county of Essex in England. It was created on 1 April 1974, following the merger of Epping Urban District, Chigwell Urban District, Waltham Holy Cross Urban District, and part of Epping and Ongar Rural District. Until 2002, Epping Forest District Council was represented by 59 councillors. In 2002 the ward boundaries were reorganised, resulting in the loss of one council seat, and since then the district has had 58 councillors representing 32 wards. Each ward is represented by one, two or three councillors, depending on the ward's", "Epping Forest Keepers Epping Forest Keepers The Epping Forest Keepers are an ancient and historical body of people who are employed by the City of London, who in return are responsible, on behalf of the Conservators, for the management and care of Epping Forest, which covers approximately ten square miles of forest, bridleway, woodland and recreational space stretching from Forest Gate in east London, north to North Weald in Essex. The forest is managed by the City of London Corporation and is one of many open spaces that comes under their control that is outside the Square Mile that are maintained by the", "Epping Forest Keepers is suspected to be a contact killing linked to London's criminal underworld. Epping Forest Keepers The Epping Forest Keepers are an ancient and historical body of people who are employed by the City of London, who in return are responsible, on behalf of the Conservators, for the management and care of Epping Forest, which covers approximately ten square miles of forest, bridleway, woodland and recreational space stretching from Forest Gate in east London, north to North Weald in Essex. The forest is managed by the City of London Corporation and is one of many open spaces that comes under their", "Epping Forest Keepers a duty on the Conservators of Epping Forest to pay, out of the Epping Forest Fund, the Metropolitan Police and Essex Police for \"the services of constables\" within the forest. There is nothing to suggest that either force currently receives payment for policing services within the forest. The power to swear in constables is derived from the Epping Forest Act 1878. This gives the Conservators of the forest the power to swear in reeves, assistant reeves, bailiffs or other officers appointed by them for 'securing the better execution' of the Act and their bylaws. Epping Forest keepers are sworn as", "Epping Forest wealthy racegoers on the road from London to Newmarket. Dick Turpin and Tom King used the forest as a hideaway, and Jack Rann, known as \"Sixteen String Jack\", had a pub named after him in Theydon Bois. Turpin had a hideout there. The tree cover and the forest's location close to London have made it notorious as a burial area for murder victims. Triple policeman murderer Harry Roberts hid out in the forest for a short time before his arrest in 1966. Epping Forest Epping Forest is a area of ancient woodland between Epping in Essex to the north, and", "Debden, Epping Forest council seats in Debden were held until 2004 by the Labour Party. Then a swing to the British National Party occurred, but the BNP lost its last seat to the Loughton Residents Association in 2012. See main article \"Politics of Loughton\". Debden, Epping Forest Debden is a suburb in the civil parish of Loughton, in the Epping Forest district of Essex, England. It takes its name from the ancient manor of Debden, which lay at its northern end. The area is predominantly residential, but is also the location of Epping Forest College, East 15 Acting School and the De La", "Epping Forest Keepers keeper is most useful. Section 45(1) of the Epping Forest Act clarifies that Epping Forest is a \"place of public resort\" (presumably to mean a \"public place\") and that the powers and duties of the Metropolitan Police and Essex Police extend therein (presumably to clarify that they have a duty to police it). This contrasts with the status of a council owned park which, whilst considered a public place when open, is in fact private property and the police would only have a responsibility to respond to incidents, rather than to patrol. Section 45(3) of the Epping Forest Act places", "Epping Forest District Lane Flood Meadow, Home Mead, Linder's Field, Nazeing Triangle, Roding Valley Meadows, Roughtalley's Wood, Thornwood Flood Meadow and Weald Common Flood Meadows. Following the general election of 8 June 2017, the current members of parliament for the district are: Of the seven Essex County Councillors elected for Epping Forest divisions in the most recent county council elections in 2017, six are from the Conservative Party, and one is from Loughton Residents Association. The district council is now based in Epping, roughly in the centre of the district. Its offices were previously located in Loughton. Since 2002, when the ward boundaries", "Epping Forest (UK Parliament constituency) Epping Forest (UK Parliament constituency) Epping Forest is a parliamentary constituency in Essex represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1997 by Eleanor Laing, a Conservative. 1974–1983: The Urban Districts of Chigwell, Epping, and Waltham Holy Cross, and in the Rural District of Epping and Ongar the civil parishes of Epping Upland, Theydon Bois, and Theydon Garnon. 1983–1997: The District of Epping Forest wards of Broadway, Buckhurst Hill East, Buckhurst Hill West, Chigwell Row, Chigwell Village, Debden Green, Epping Hemnall, Epping Lindsey, Grange Hill, High Beach, Loughton Forest, Loughton Roding, Loughton St John's, Loughton St Mary's,", "Epping, Essex Epping, Essex Epping is a market town and civil parish in the Epping Forest district of the County of Essex, England. It is located northeast of Loughton, south of Harlow and northwest of Brentwood. Although it is the terminus for London Underground's Central Line, the town retains some elements of rurality, being surrounded by Epping Forest and working farmland. Epping has many very old buildings, some of which are Grade I and II listed buildings. The town also retains its weekly market which is held every Monday and dates back to 1253. In 2001 the parish had a population of", "Epping Forest (UK Parliament constituency) Epping) were represented by Winston Churchill throughout his tenure as Prime Minister during World War II. The Conservative Party has won in Epping Forest in every election since the creation of the constituency, and the present MP is the Conservative Eleanor Laing, who has been a Deputy Speaker of the House to John Bercow since October 2013. Epping Forest (UK Parliament constituency) Epping Forest is a parliamentary constituency in Essex represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 1997 by Eleanor Laing, a Conservative. 1974–1983: The Urban Districts of Chigwell, Epping, and Waltham Holy Cross, and in", "Epping Forest District Council elections on 3 May. LRA Cllr Leon Girling (Loughton Broadway, elected 2016) resigned in March 2018. There is another vacancy in the same ward. A double by-election will be held on 3 May. Conservative Cllr Tony Boyce (Moreton and Fyfield, elected 2015) resigned in March 2018. A by-election will be held on 3 May. Conservative Cllr Glynis Shiell (Waltham Abbey Honey Lane, elected 2016) resigned in March 2018. There is another vacancy in the same ward. A double by-election will be held on 3 May. Epping Forest District Council elections The district of Epping Forest is in the county of Essex", "Epping Forest Keepers in the London Metropolitan Archives. The material provides a historical insight into some of the concerns raised regarding the forest including \"rogue donkey drivers\", \"disgusting behaviour of men that was frightening ladies\" and issues regarding \"scruffy Forest Keepers\". The material can be viewed online and includes reports made by Forest Keepers, photographs and other material about the forest. Before 1878 Epping Forest was previously the Royal Forest of Waltham, which emerged as a distinct component of the larger Forest of Essex. Forest Courts were historically convened to hear offences against the forest, which were sometimes held in Stratford. In 1617", "Epping, Essex examples. This opinion has been echoed by Epping Town Council, who have stated that Epping will not be able to cope with any new housing estates for at least 10 years. Epping is part of the Epping Forest parliamentary constituency, represented by Conservative MP Eleanor Laing. From 1924 to 1945, the old Epping division of Essex (which included Woodford, Chingford, Harlow and Loughton as well as Epping) was represented by Winston Churchill. It now sits in the Epping and Theydon Bois division of Essex County Council which is Liberal Democrat held. The town is divided into two district council wards.", "Epping Forest Keepers constables under section 43 of the Act, giving them the powers and privileges of a constable in relation to enforcing by-laws and the Epping Forest Act. The Act does not specify a geographical limit within which they can exercise those powers, suggesting that they can do so off of forest land if the matter is in relation to their jurisdiction. They are sworn in before a Justice of the Peace for Essex. Not all Forest Keepers are attested as constables. Whilst it has been erroneously suggested that the Keepers are sworn in as special constables, section 43 of the Act", "Epping Forest Country Club The name is based on some previous owners of the hall in the mid-1970s – Bobby Moore and Sir Sean Connery. Epping Forest Country Club The Epping Forest Country Club was a group of three night clubs on the Essex/London border, just outside Chigwell, Essex. The various night clubs were well known throughout South East of England and attracted many big name acts as well as many celebrity visitors. The venues closed in early 2002 after a number of high-profile incidents in addition to complaints from the local residents about noise. The three venues were called 'Atlantis', 'The Casino Club',", "Epping Forest Country Club Epping Forest Country Club The Epping Forest Country Club was a group of three night clubs on the Essex/London border, just outside Chigwell, Essex. The various night clubs were well known throughout South East of England and attracted many big name acts as well as many celebrity visitors. The venues closed in early 2002 after a number of high-profile incidents in addition to complaints from the local residents about noise. The three venues were called 'Atlantis', 'The Casino Club', and Woolston Hall Known as 'The Country Club'. All but one of the buildings have now been demolished and a Holmes", "Epping Forest Keepers number of people are being prosecuted for mushroom picking and 15 people were due to attend court in January 2014. As a result of the prosecutions, 12 people were fined a total of £2,575. Epping Forest is not a separate police area. The statutory responsibility for policing the forest rests either with the Metropolitan Police for parts of the forest within the Metropolitan Police District or Essex Police for the remainder of the forest located in the Essex Police area. However, there are times when the local police forces do not have geographical knowledge and that is where the forest" ]

[ "Epping Forest English Championships in 1876. Orienteering and rambling are also popular. There are numerous guidebooks offering shorter walks for the casual visitor. The most important event in the ramblers calendar in the area is the traditional Epping Forest Centenary Walk, an all-day event commemorating the saving of Epping Forest as a public space, which takes place annually on the third Sunday in September. High Beach in Epping Forest was the first British venue for motorcycle speedway and opened on 19 February 1928. The track was behind The King's Oak public house, and drew large crowds in its early days. The track", "Epping Forest Maryland Epping Forest to Sherwood Forest in England, and the fact that the two summer places would be near one another, it was decided to call this one Epping Forest. The land was surveyed, the lots, roads, parks, lanes and paths indicated and the plat filed with the county court. The spring of 1926, Epping Forest was opened to the public for the sale of lots and was appropriately advertised in newspapers. In the early days, access to Epping Forest was not easy. Defense Highway did not open to the public until December 1927. Also, while General's Highway from Carr's Corner", "Epping Forest country (or XC). Epping Forest was considered as a venue for the mountain-biking event of the 2012 Summer Olympics, though the final choice was near Hadleigh Castle. Stage 3 of the 2014 Tour de France passed through the forest from Epping to Buckhurst Hill along the Epping New Road. Horse riding is popular in Epping Forest. Riders need to be registered with the Epping Forest conservators before they are allowed to ride in the forest. Running as a form of recreation in Epping Forest goes back almost to the birth of the sport in the 1870s, including hosting the inaugural", "Epping Forest Maryland Epping Forest Maryland Epping Forest, Maryland is a private community located near Annapolis, Maryland. Epping Forest is close to Baltimore and Washington, DC. Dr. Arthur Drevar, a graduate of London School of Surgery and a world traveler, bought a parcel of land on the west shore of the Severn River in 1874. Dr. Drevar built a frame house on the hill overlooking the old beach area until such a time as he could build a manor house. However, Mrs. Drevor became ill and lost her eyesight; the English Manor was never built. The area was beautifully kept. The huge boxwood", "Epping Forest which is also used by the Royal Epping Forest Golf Club, Chingford Golf Club and Chingford Ladies' Golf Club. The course was established in the forest in 1888. The forest has three visitor centres: Epping Forest Gateway at Chingford incorporating The View interpretation centre, Queen Elizabeth's Hunting Lodge and Butler's Retreat: The High Beach Visitor's Centre, High Beach and The Temple, Wanstead Park. Public transport serves most locations in and around the forest. The forest is accessible from most London Underground Central Line stations between Leytonstone and Epping and London Overground between Wood Street and Chingford and at the very", "Epping Forest Keepers which is granted by the Epping Forest and Commons Committee through powers delegated to them by the Court of Common Council. Epping Forest Constables would have a power of arrest to arrest someone that failed to appear for cases in which they are the prosecuting authority if they requested to be named on the warrant. However, it may be impractical for them to do so. The Forest Keepers sit within accountability arrangements that ultimately feed into the Court of Common Council of the City of London Corporation. The responsibility for the Forest is vested in the Epping Forest and Commons", "Epping Forest of forest in Loughton. This led to an injunction against further enclosures. The Epping Forest Act 1878 was passed, saving the forest from enclosure, and halting the shrinkage of the forest that this had caused. Epping Forest ceased to be a royal forest and was placed in the care of the City of London Corporation who act as \"Conservators\". In addition, the Crown's right to venison was terminated, and pollarding was no longer allowed, although grazing rights continued. This act laid down a stipulation that the Conservators \"shall at all times keep Epping Forest unenclosed and unbuilt on as an", "Epping Forest Keepers the terms of the Epping Forest Act 1878, the purpose of the Forest is to provide an open space for the recreation and enjoyment of the public and this is to be achieved by conserving the Forest in all its vegetative forms and doing it in such a way that the Forest feels to the visitor to be a natural place. The role of the Epping Forest Keeper is to ensure that this is achieved. Epping Forest is a site of Site of Special Scientific Interest, which is a conservation designation that denotes it as a protected area. The protection", "Epping Forest point, and in most places considerably narrower. It lies on a ridge between the valleys of the rivers Lea and Roding. It contains areas of woodland, grassland, heath, rivers, bogs and ponds, and its elevation and thin gravelly soil (the result of glaciation) historically made it unsuitable for agriculture. The name \"Epping Forest\" was first recorded in the 17th century; prior to this it was part of the larger Waltham Forest (which gives its name to the present-day London Borough of Waltham Forest, which covers part of the modern forest). The area which became known as Waltham, and then Epping", "Epping Forest of them are man-made with the majority of them created through gravel extraction. Several were formed as part of a landscape design and a few were the result of World War II bombs and rockets. Activities allowed on the waters include angling which is permitted in 24 of the lakes and ponds. A wide range of freshwater fish can be caught. All of the lakes and ponds are accessible to the public and are located on or close to forest paths. There are several leisure activities associated with the forest. On Thursday, 6 July 1732, an imprecise location in Epping", "Len Murray, Baron Murray of Epping Forest to smell and trees to look at. I would like to walk through Epping Forest\". He also served as a Methodist local preacher. Murray died in hospital in 2004 from emphysema and pneumonia. Murray was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1966 New Year Honours. Sworn of the Privy Council in 1976, he was created a life peer as Baron Murray of Epping Forest, of Telford in the County of Shropshire, on 14 February 1985. The Murray Hall in Loughton was named after him. Len Murray, Baron Murray of Epping Forest Lionel Murray, Baron", "Epping Forest Keepers considered unique in policing as the police have very few powers to detain (as opposed to arrest) individuals. In the book'A Keeper's Tale' reference is made to taking those suspected of byelaw offences to the police station in order to verify their identities, which presumedly amounts to detention under the Epping Forest Act. Epping Forest Constables do not routinely exercise such powers and there is nothing to suggest that it is within the scope of their current role to do so. Whilst the Epping Forest Act does not give a specific power to stop and search individuals, it does provide", "Epping Forest Keepers powers under Section 24 would apply to an Epping Forest Constable which could, for example, allow them to arrest someone for an offence in order to allow the prompt and effective investigation of the matter, if they believed it to be necessary; this is usually used to justify an arrest where someone is detained for the purposes of an interview. More commonly, arrest powers exercised under this Act may be where the Epping Forest Constable doubts the person's name and / or address. An Epping Forest Constable would have the power to search anyone that they have arrested using their", "Epping Forest (Jacksonville) Epping Forest (Jacksonville) Epping Forest (also known as the Alfred I. duPont Estate) was a historic, estate in Jacksonville, Florida where a luxurious riverfront mansion was built in the mid-1920s by industrialist Alfred I. du Pont and his third wife, Jessie Ball du Pont. It was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1973 and has been restored to its original grandeur as the home of the \"Epping Forest Yacht Club\". On April 18, 2012, the AIA's Florida Chapter placed the Epping Forest Yacht Club on its list of \"Florida Architecture: 100 Years. 100 Places\". Alfred I.", "Epping Forest Maryland parties, swimming meets, end of school parties, and Young Foresters Organization (YFO) programs for the children, bowling leagues, tennis and volleyball tournaments, boat rendezvous and dock parties, welcome aboard parties, and May Marts, all in addition to the established customs of the oyster roast, bull roast and Labor Day activities. Despite all of the changes, Epping Forest has managed to retain its own special community aura over the decades and it continues to be a \"Home-Town\" in the middle of a metropolitan area. Epping Forest Maryland Epping Forest, Maryland is a private community located near Annapolis, Maryland. Epping Forest is", "Epping Forest (Jacksonville) riverfront were restored to their original splendor and transformed into the Epping Forest Yacht & Country Club. The remaining property was developed into a gated community of ninety $1 million homes and 80 condominiums under the Epping Forest name. The last home was constructed in 1999. Epping Forest (Jacksonville) Epping Forest (also known as the Alfred I. duPont Estate) was a historic, estate in Jacksonville, Florida where a luxurious riverfront mansion was built in the mid-1920s by industrialist Alfred I. du Pont and his third wife, Jessie Ball du Pont. It was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic", "Epping Forest Keepers through the Police Act 1964. Nonetheless, modern day police powers were not necessarily developed to specifically cater for constables that only have police powers for specific purposes, rather than for constables that enjoy full police powers within their jurisdiction. The powers of arrest afforded to Epping Forest Constables from the Epping Forest Act remain unchanged. Nonetheless, enabling legislation in the form of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, its subsequent amendments and other pieces of legislation provide additional powers for Epping Forest Constables to enforce the Epping Forest Act and its byelaws. As such, the powers that exist for", "USS Epping Forest (LSD-4) USS Epping Forest (LSD-4) USS \"Epping Forest\" (LSD-4/MCS-7) was an acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II for duty in the Pacific Theater. Her task was to carry and land amphibious landing craft and other equipment and to recover and repair landing craft when possible. Named for an estate in Lancaster County, Virginia where Mary Ball Washington, mother of George Washington (first President of the United States), was born, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name. Originally authorized as USS \"Epping Forest\" (APM-4), a mechanized artillery transport, the ship was reclassified as dock landing", "Babes in the Wood murders (Epping Forest) Babes in the Wood murders (Epping Forest) The Babes in the Wood murders is a name which has been used in the media to refer to a child murder case in which two bodies were found concealed in woodland. The bodies of Susan Blatchford (aged 11), and Gary Hanlon (aged 12), were discovered in a thicket of trees on Lippitts Hill, Epping Forest, south-east England, after they went missing from their homes in Enfield, north London, in March 1970. The case remained unsolved for 30 years until 61-year-old Ronald Jebson, already serving a life sentence for the 1974 murder of", "Epping Forest Keepers this, tensions and hostilities started to lessen over the following months. It still remains an offence under by-law 40 to either engage in public speaking or to preach within Epping Forest without the permission of the Conservators. Whilst Forest Keepers wouldn't routinely get involved in criminal matters, they are responsible for a forest that has long associations with crime. A number of bodies have been found within Epping Forest relating to numerous unsolved murders. Despite having a detection rate of around 92% for recorded murders within the UK, many murders related to Epping Forest remain unsolved. This offers some support", "Epping Forest Keepers considered to be an honorary or ceremonial role. The Epping Forest Act 1878 contains the provision to appoint Bailiffs and to attest them as constables, although no Bailiffs are currently attested. Epping Forest currently recruits uniformed Volunteer Fishing Bailiffs, who patrol ponds to engage with the public on angling issues and report any issues that arise to Forest Keepers. The Epping Forest Archive Project catalogued a vast collection of long-forgotten City of London Corporation documents salvaged from the dusty attic of Warren House in Loughton - where forest superintendents were based until 2001 - and moved to a new home", "Epping Forest District 13 years earlier, in 1981, reputedly having only served six passengers a day. The line was nonetheless reopened in 2004 as the Epping Ongar Railway, which runs heritage services on Sundays and bank holidays. North Weald Airfield, a Battle of Britain airfield, is owned by the District Council, and has a long runway allowing use of jet aircraft. Stapleford Aerodrome is another local airfield, and offers pleasure and charter flights. There are two Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Epping Forest district, Epping Forest itself, and Roding Valley Meadows, as well as nine local nature reserves: Chigwell Row Wood, Church", "Epping Forest Forest; his funeral took the form of a woodland burial in the forest. The song \"The White Buck of Epping\" by Sydney Carter (1957) refers to a sighting of (and subsequent hunt for) a white buck in the forest. A track on Genesis's 1973 album \"Selling England by the Pound\" is entitled \"The Battle of Epping Forest\", and refers to a real-life East End gang-fight. The interior of the gatefold sleeve of the progressive rock band Emerson, Lake & Palmer's third studio album Trilogy features a photomontage showing multiple images of the band in the forest carpeted with autumn leaves.", "Epping Forest Keepers This creates a legal anomaly in that the constabulary powers afforded by their attestation only relate to Hampstead Heath and cannot be exercised in any other park or open space under the control of the City of London. Therefore, a Hampstead Heath Constable would have no police powers in Epping Forest as neither of the two piece of legislation that enable their constabulary powers relate to Epping Forest. Forest Keepers deal with byelaw offences made under Section 46 of the Epping Forest Act 1878, and under Section 9 - Regulation of Horse Riding - of the City of London (Various", "Epping Forest Maryland adjoining area along Epping Forest Road. New communities sprang up. From General's Highway to the Gate House Epping Forest Road was widened and straightened and some sidewalks were added. A traffic light was installed at Route 178. The entrance to Epping Forest, its roads and clubhouse were improved, and street signs were installed. Cable television was made available to the residents. The value of property in the Forest skyrocketed and houses were built on every available lot. Over the years the social life of the community has continued to evolve: Christmas Eve pageants at the chapel, Easter egg hunts, Halloween", "Epping Forest Street Mystery\" (1940), partly set at Loughton Camp. Dorothy L. Sayers' 1928 mystery \"Unnatural Death\" includes the discovery, in Epping Forest, of the body of a young woman possessing knowledge that could incriminate a murderer. The horror writer James Herbert used Epping Forest as the setting for his novel \"Lair\" (1979). In the book, a horde of Giant Black Rats establish a colony in the forest and embark on a murderous campaign against humans. Herbert mentions a now obscure legend attached to the forest – the legend of the white stag. Supposedly, the sighting of this animal is an omen", "Epping Forest open space for the recreation and enjoyment of the people\". In compensation for the loss of lopping rights, Lopping Hall in Loughton was built as a community building. When Queen Victoria visited Chingford on 6 May 1882 she declared \"It gives me the greatest satisfaction to dedicate this beautiful forest to the use and enjoyment of my people for all time\" and it thus became \"The People's Forest\". The City of London Corporation still manages Epping Forest in strict conformity with the Epping Forest Act. This care is funded from 'City's Cash', the private funds of the Corporation rather than", "Epping Forest of trouble and death. Natural historian and author Fred J Speakman lived at the Epping Forest Field Studies Centre, High Beach. He wrote several books about the area, including \"A Poacher's Tale\" with Alfred T Curtis, a Waltham Abbey-born poacher, and \"A Keeper's Tale\", describing the life of forest keeper Sidney Butt. T E Lawrence owned an estate at Pole Hill, Chingford; this was added to the Forest in 1929 and Lawrence's hut re-erected in the Forest Headquarters at the Warren, Loughton, where it remains, largely forgotten, today. Actor and playwright Ken Campbell (1941–2008) lived in Loughton, adjacent to Epping", "Epping Forest Keepers the Epping Forest Act 1878 and the byelaws made there under. Not all byelaws that are in operation within Epping Forest are made under that Act and the constables have no specific police power in order to enforce them. The constables also have no powers over and above those of a normal person to enforce criminal law, other than 'public justice offences' in relation to them exercising their police powers to enforce the Epping Forest Act (such as obstructing a constable, assaulting a constable or wasting police time in relation to making any false allegations of offences committed under the", "Epping Forest Keepers Committee comprising twelve City members and four Verderers. The Verderers are elected every seven years by the Forest’s Commoners. The policies and directives of the Committee are carried out by the Superintendent of Epping Forest. The Epping Forest Committee is a statutory committee that is constituted under Section 31 of the Epping Forest Act 1878. The City of London Corporation chose not to enter into a voluntary arrangement with the Independent Police Complaints Commission in accordance with Section 26 of the Police Reform Act 2002 so the IPCC has no jurisdiction over the Constables. However, advice is sought from the", "Epping Forest Maryland compliance with the action taken October 23 at the big oyster roast on the picnic ground at Epping Forest, a meeting of property owners was held in the Washington office of Severn Shores, Inc., and an association was formed to be known as Epping Forest Club. At this meeting, officers and the Board of Governors were elected, and a copy of the proposed By-Laws was presented and approved. The Board of Governors held a meeting January 3, 1928, and ordered the constitution and By-Laws printed and a copy sent to each property owner. Severn Shores, Inc. deeded to Epping Forest", "Epping Forest Keepers Epping Forest Act). Where this article may also refer to an \"Epping Forest Constable\" in places, it should be inferred that it refers to those Forest Keepers that have been attested as a constable. The current number of Forest Keepers is much lower than is historically listed, as there have been as many as twenty one forest keepers in the past. However, the level of acquired knowledge of Forest Keepers means that they are acutely atuned to everyday activities in the forest. Generally the forest keepers act as forest rangers and very rarely use their powers as a constable. Under", "Epping Forest (UK Parliament constituency) Paternoster, Theydon Bois, Waltham Abbey East, and Waltham Abbey West. 1997–2010: The District of Epping Forest wards of Broadway, Buckhurst Hill East, Buckhurst Hill West, Chigwell Row, Chigwell Village, Debden Green, Epping Hemnall, Epping Lindsey, Grange Hill, High Beach, Loughton Forest, Loughton Roding, Loughton St John's, Loughton St Mary's, North Weald Bassett, Paternoster, Theydon Bois, Waltham Abbey East, and Waltham Abbey West. 2010–present: The District of Epping Forest wards of Broadley Common, Epping Upland and Nazeing, Buckhurst Hill East, Buckhurst Hill West, Chigwell Row, Chigwell Village, Epping Hemnall, Epping Lindsey and Thornwood Common, Grange Hill, Loughton Alderton, Loughton Broadway, Loughton", "Len Murray, Baron Murray of Epping Forest Len Murray, Baron Murray of Epping Forest Lionel Murray, Baron Murray of Epping Forest, (2 August 1922 – 20 May 2004) was a British Labour Party politician and trade union leader. Murray was born in Hadley, Shropshire, the son of a young unmarried woman, Lorna Hodskinson, and was brought up by a local nurse, Mary Jane Chilton. He attended Wellington Grammar School in Wellington, Shropshire and read English at Queen Mary College, London, but left after a year because of the emphasis on Anglo-Saxon language. He briefly became a teacher but found he was unsuitable and then joined the British", "Epping Forest adjacent to the Queen Elizabeth Hunting Lodge and takes its name from the 1891 occupier John Butler. Retreats originally served non-alcoholic refreshments as part of the Temperance movement. After closing in 2009 the building was refurbished by the City of London Corporation and re-opened as a café in 2012. On 12 July 2012 The Duke of Gloucester—the official Epping Forest Ranger—opened the View interpretation centre at Chingford. The building a former Victorian coach house and stables together with Queen Elizabeth's Hunting Lodge and Butler's Retreat form the Epping Forest Gateway. The present area of the forest occupies a ridge of", "USS Epping Forest (LSD-4) \"Epping Forest\" (MCS-7) 30 November 1962. \"Epping Forest\" was decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register 1 November 1968. She was sold for scrapping 30 October 1969. \"Epping Forrest\" earned eight battle stars for World War II service, five battle stars for Korean War service, and six campaign stars for Vietnam War service. Her crew was eligible for the following medals, ribbons, and commendations: USS Epping Forest (LSD-4) USS \"Epping Forest\" (LSD-4/MCS-7) was an acquired by the U.S. Navy during World War II for duty in the Pacific Theater. Her task was to carry and land amphibious landing craft", "Epping Forest Keepers Corporation of London at no expense to the tax payer. There are currently nine Forest Keepers, three Senior Forest Keepers and one Head Keeper, each of whom is sworn in as a constable. In addition, the Superintendent of Epping Forest was attested as a constable in 2014. The reason for the attestation related to both his involvement in incidents in the forest when going about his duties and to strengthen his role as a 'decision maker' in the instigation of proceedings for offences committed under the Epping Forest Act. The powers of these powers relate exclusively to the enforcement of", "Epping Forest Act 1878 be protected. The Act formally records the Crown renouncing rights over the land and the Corporation of London, having bought acres of unenclosed Epping Forest land, named as the official conservators. A local Act of the United Kingdom parliament for the disafforestation of Epping Forest and the preservation and management of unenclosed parts thereof as an open space for the recreation and enjoyment of the public. The management of the forest became, via the Act, the Corporation of London. The Act removed the rights of Loughton householders to lop wood within the forest for which, in substitution, a public hall", "Epping Forest (UK Parliament constituency) Fairmead, Loughton Forest, Loughton Roding, Loughton St John’s, Loughton St Mary’s, Theydon Bois, Waltham Abbey High Beach, Waltham Abbey Honey Lane, Waltham Abbey North East, Waltham Abbey Paternoster, and Waltham Abbey South West. The constituency comprises Loughton, Epping, Waltham Abbey, Chigwell, Buckhurst Hill, Theydon Bois, part of North Weald, small intermediate villages and almost the whole of the ancient Forest itself, except those parts which were transferred to Greater London in 1965. When Epping Forest was first created, it was more favourable to the Conservatives than the old Epping seat, as it lost the new town of Harlow (inside the", "Epping Forest Keepers constabulary powers, if they suspect that the person is in possession of evidence relating to an offence or they are in possession of an item that might be used to escape lawful custody utilising their powers under Section 32 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. An Epping Forest Constable could find themselves in a position where they discover evidence of an offence to which they have no power of arrest, such as illegal drugs. Any offence committed contrary to the Epping Forest Act 1878, or the byelaws contained therein, would attract a maximum penalty of £200. Assaulting or", "Epping Forest Keepers to any offence that prohibits possessing offensive weapons, which would include byelaws. Poaching equipment The Prevention of Poaching Act 1868 creates a power of search for poaching equipment in certain circumstances that can be exercised by a constable or \"peace officer\". Whilst an Epping Forest Constable would not have constabulary powers under this Act, any Keeper, Reeve or Bailiff appointed under the Epping Forest Act 1878 holds a statutory position that could considered to be a \"peace officer\". This is further reinforced by their role in enforcing byelaws that create offences relating to going equipped to engage in poaching-like behaviour.", "Epping Forest Maryland on the picnic grounds. It was here that all community meetings were held. April 1927 was the first anniversary and a large fish fry and flower festival was held. People for miles around came to see the display. By 1927 the question of making Epping Forest a closed community was raised. A meeting was held on the picnic grounds at which it was decided to establish the Epping Forest Club, with dues and restrictions in further deeds to show that buyers agreed to become members of the club with obligation for dues for such membership. On December 12, 1927, in", "Epping Forest An episode of the BBC series \"New Tricks\" which was set in the forest was broadcast on 3 September 2013. In the episode \"Day Trippers\" of the UK (Thames Television) sitcom \"Robins's Nest\", first broadcast on 27 November 1978, the main characters picnic in the forest. Currently (2013) the forest has been used as a location in fourteen films including the Black Knight sequence in the 1975 film \"Monty Python and the Holy Grail\". The forest has long standing criminal associations. In the 18th century, Epping Forest became notorious as the haunt of highwaymen, who preyed on the coaches of", "Epping Forest National Park Epping Forest National Park Epping Forest is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 855 km northwest of Brisbane. The park is a scientific national park so it is not open to the public. Only scientists, rangers and volunteers may visit the park. The park lies within the Brigalow Belt North bioregion. It is within the Drummond Basin geological basin and the Belyando River water catchment area. Restricted access is used to ensure Epping Forest remains very much undisturbed as it is the sole remaining natural habitat of the endangered Northern hairy-nosed wombat. The last census of the animal, undertaken in", "Epping Forest higher ground, the Epping Forest Ridge, set between the valleys of the Rivers Lea and Roding. These valleys were formed by arms of the Scandinavian ice sheet during the last glacial period, around 18,000 BC. The ridge consists of boulder clay topped with loam, while towards its southern end it is overlain with glacial gravel. The highest points are near Ambresbury Banks to the south of Epping, which is 111 metres (384 feet) above sea level, while Pole Hill near Chingford reaches 91 metres (299 feet). On the western edge of the ridge, High Beach at a similar height, is", "Epping Forest southern end by TFL Rail at Manor Park. In the 1980s, the name \"Forest\" was given to one of the districts in which London's buses was divided, covering east London, and including the south part of the forest. Its logo was a squirrel above the London Transport roundel. Later, from 1989 until its collapse in 1991, London Forest part of London Buses Limited, was the name of an arms length bus operating unit of London Regional Transport in the area, with an oak tree as its logo. Epping Forest has frequently been the setting for novels, and has attracted poets,", "Epping Forest an expanse of gravel and Bagshot sand, thought to have been deposited by an unknown river which flowed northwards from the Weald of Kent before the creation of the Thames Valley. The age of the forest and the range of habitats it contains make it a valuable area for wildlife, and it is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Its former status as a working or pasture forest has had a great effect on its ecology. This is particularly evident with the pollarded trees, which, as they have not been cut since the passing of the Epping Forest", "Epping Forest Keepers resisting a constable, reeve, assistant reeve, bailiff, keeper is an offence under Section 44 the Epping Forest Act 1878. This would relate to someone causing an obstruction or assault in relation to them carrying out their wide range of duties under the Act. The offences of assaulting or obstructing a constable under the Police Act 1996 would apply to an Epping Forest Constable if they are acting in their capacity as a constable at that moment in time. The byelaws cover a range of different offences in relation to offences against the forest, including objects, animals, flora and fauna therein.", "Epping Forest Keepers funds and the Corporation of London is acting in a private capacity (i.e. not as a local authority) to manage Epping Forest. The Keepers are not subject to the framework associated with the IPCC and are not subject to FOI. This arrangement for an attested constable is unique within the United Kingdom. The Epping Forest Act enshrines the right of certain forest parishes to nominate persons to be appointed as Reeves and Assistant Reeves, subject to the approval of the Conservators.The office of Reeve has its origins in Anglo-Saxon times and Shire Reeves often had a role in the prevention", "Epping Forest Keepers forest under the Sexual Offences Act 2003, many forms of assault and the public consumption of drugs would probably contravene these byelaws. In such scenarios, an Epping Forest Constable could theoretically arrest the person using their police powers in relation to byelaws and the local police could be called to deal with the substantive criminal matter. Authorised Epping Forest Keepers prosecute cases within a Magistrates Court, whereby they have the right of audience to present and prosecute a case under Section 223 of the Local Government Act 1972. Keepers often have to complete their 6-month probationary period before receiving authorisation,", "Epping Forest Keepers Forest and is technically located adjacent to it. As such, Epping Forest Keepers have no constabulary powers there. However, the City exercises its powers in relation to the Deer Sanctuary under the City of London (Various Powers) Act 1959 and may make byelaws accordingly. Modern day police powers, and indeed the office of constable itself, have evolved considerably since the first Epping Forest Constables were attested in 1878; however, the legislation that facilitates their office remains unchanged and has survived significant police reform, including the mass mergers and consolidations of constabularies and police organisations into modern day police forces facilitated", "Epping Forest (Jacksonville) began a second career pioneering the development of sound banking practices and investing in transportation and the paper industry. The location Alfred chose for their permanent home was at Christopher Point, the widest spot on the St. Johns River, which provided an excellent area for his favorite pastime, yachting on his beloved \"Nenemoosha\", built in 1922. Local architects Marsh & Saxelbye designed the , 25-room Epping Forest Mansion, but Harold Saxelbye contributed the most influence. It is primarily Mediterranean Revival, combining influences from Gothic, Spanish Renaissance and Baroque architectural. Jessie selected the furnishings; Alfred designed the formal English gardens and", "Epping Forest was closed when a swimming pool was added to the pub's grounds after the Second World War, though enthusiasts and veterans still gather at the site every year on the nearest Sunday to 19 February. The remains of the track are still visible, in the grounds of the Epping Forest Field Centre behind the King's Oak. A field centre in the forest provides a variety of courses. There are 60 pitches for football with changing facilities on forest land at Wanstead Flats, which are used by amateur and youth teams. There is a public 18-hole golf course at Chingford Plain,", "2018 Epping Forest District Council election 2018 Epping Forest District Council election The 2018 Epping Forest District Council election took place on 3 May 2018 to elect members of Epping Forest District Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. Detailed below are all of the candidates nominated to stand in each ward in the upcoming election. Most figures are compared to the last time these seats were contested in any election cycle for the Epping Forest District Council election. Lower Nazeing, North Weald Bassett and Chipping Ongar, Greensted and Marden Ash are compared to the 2015 ward election held at", "2015 Epping Forest District Council election 2015 Epping Forest District Council election The 2015 Epping Forest District Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect members of Epping Forest District Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. Figures are compared to the last time these seats were contested in any election cycle for the Epping Forest District Council election, this is indicated. A by-election was held on the 25th September 2014 following the death of Mayor Ken Avey. Liberal Democrat, Kim Adams won with 43% of the vote compared to 28% for the Conservative party and 24% to", "2015 Epping Forest District Council election UKIP. This election reversed this by-election result with Avey's son, Nigel replacing him, ousting the Liberal Democrat councillor 2015 Epping Forest District Council election The 2015 Epping Forest District Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect members of Epping Forest District Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. Figures are compared to the last time these seats were contested in any election cycle for the Epping Forest District Council election, this is indicated. A by-election was held on the 25th September 2014 following the death of Mayor Ken Avey. Liberal Democrat,", "Epping Forest Hood published \"The Epping Hunt\" in 1829, about the rowdy annual Easter Monday deer hunt for Londoners which started at Buckhurst Hill. In 1832, Hood and his wife moved to the Lake House in Wanstead Park, which was later incorporated into the forest, and his 1838 novel \"Tylny Hall\" is set there. Charles Dickens' novel \"Barnaby Rudge\" begins with a description of the forest in 1775. Alfred, Lord Tennyson lived at Beech Hill House, High Beach, from 1837–1840, where he wrote parts of \"In Memoriam A.H.H.\". Suffering from depression, he stayed as a guest at Dr. Martin Allen's asylum, where", "USS Epping Forest (LSD-4) the initial assaults on Roi and Namur 31 January. After replenishing at Funafuti early in February, \"Epping Forest\" sailed to Tulagi, where alterations were made, and she loaded men and equipment of the 1st Marines. These she landed in the assault on Emirau 20 March. During the next three weeks, \"Epping Forest\" brought reinforcements and supplies in to Emirau from Guadalcanal and Manus, and on 10 April, arrived at Finschhafen to prepare for the Hollandia operations. \"Epping Forest\" arrived off Aitape on 22 April 1944 for preinvasion bombardment, then sent her landing craft ashore in the assault and returned to", "Epping Forest Keepers is quite clear that they are attested as constables. The City of London Corporation may designate any member of staff with the full powers and privileges of a police constable under Section 16, Corporation of London Open Spaces Act 1878, to be exercised within open spaces under their control; however, Section 22 of the Act specifically states that the Act does not relate to Epping Forest. In comparison, the City of London Corporation have granted Hampstead Heath Constabulary Officers this power, although it would not apply in Epping Forest. Hampstead Heath Constables are also attested under the Ministry of Housing", "Epping Forest, Kearns Epping Forest, Kearns Epping Forest is a heritage-listed former farm and residence and now vacant building at Mississippi Crescent, Kearns, City of Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed and built from 1825. The property is privately owned. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 13 August 1999. Airds was the name used to describe the entire Campbelltown area. Governor Macquarie, on his first visit in 1810, wrote: 'I intend forming this tract of country into a new and separate district for the accommodation of small settlers, and to name it Airds in honour", "Epping Forest, Kearns previous century. Epping Forest, Kearns Epping Forest is a heritage-listed former farm and residence and now vacant building at Mississippi Crescent, Kearns, City of Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia. It was designed and built from 1825. The property is privately owned. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 13 August 1999. Airds was the name used to describe the entire Campbelltown area. Governor Macquarie, on his first visit in 1810, wrote: 'I intend forming this tract of country into a new and separate district for the accommodation of small settlers, and to name it Airds", "Epping Forest Keepers Epping Forest Constables are a unique menu of powers that reflect their historical niche. The sections below offer some commentary on how modern day police powers may facilitate the execution of this historic office. To clarify, Epping Forest Constables very rarely use their police powers and the fact that they are a constable is generally sufficient when they have an interaction with the public where they require the name and address of an individual. Prosecutions are rare and arrests are now almost non-existent. If a constable sees or finds a person committing an offence against the byelaws, or if they", "Epping Forest artists and musicians for centuries. Many of these artists lived at Loughton. Loughton is also home to the East 15 Acting School and its Corbett Theatre. Sculptor Jacob Epstein lived on the very edge of the forest for a quarter of a century at Baldwins Hill, Loughton. Epstein in his Autobiography (1955) says that he wanted his sculpture \"Visitation\", now in the Tate Collection, to be sited overlooking the forest. In 1933, he exhibited 100 paintings of the forest, and continued to paint during the war. His gouache, an essay in green tints and textures, \"Pool – Epping Forest\", of", "1988 Epping Forest by-election the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and had served as a councillor in the local area since 1984. His main campaign issues were saving a local hospital from closure and defending the green belt status of Epping Forest. The rump SDP which had rejected the merger with the Liberal Party also put forward a candidate, Michael Pettman. Pettman, a solicitor and local councillor, and Oxford University (Magdalen College) graduate, had been the candidate for the SDP in Epping Forest at the previous general election. Michael had a son born 1982 and a daughter born in 1986 and was married to Gillian.", "2018 Epping Forest District Council election the same time as the 2015 UK General election, hence the sharp decrease in turnout, both Waltham Abbey seats contested at this election have been compared to the 2014 local election result due to the fact that UKIP won both at that point: 2018 Epping Forest District Council election The 2018 Epping Forest District Council election took place on 3 May 2018 to elect members of Epping Forest District Council in England. This was on the same day as other local elections. Detailed below are all of the candidates nominated to stand in each ward in the upcoming election. Most", "Epping Forest Maryland outside. In order to provide refreshments for the prospective buyers, \"Ye English Inn\" was built. A dinner for $1.00 was advertised in the newspapers and proved to be a very satisfactory and well cooked meal of fried fish, fried chicken, choice of three vegetables, salad, bread and butter, ice cream, cake and coffee, and was a real drawing card. The bathing beach with bath-house was on the shore of Epping Park and was used exclusively until 1928. Free fish fries and free oyster roasts were given by the company to entice people to visit the Forest. These events were held", "Epping Forest wide range of animals are found, including fallow deer (\"Dama dama\"), muntjac (\"Muntiacus reevesi\") and European adder (\"Vipera berus\"). Although the Epping Forest Act almost certainly saved the forest from total destruction, it has to some extent had a deleterious effect on the area's biodiversity. The pollarded trees allowed light through to the woodland floor, increasing the numbers of low-growing plants. Since the Act, the vast crowns of the pollards cut out most of the light to the underbrush. In addition, the area surrounding the forest is now to a great extent urbanised; the corresponding reduction in grazing has led", "Epping Forest Maryland trees and planted shrubbery and flowers, with terraces down to the sandy beach, made a beautiful spot. A barn was built and a pump was used to water the animals as the water was not fit for human consumption. The Doctor kept ducks and peacocks. Bees were kept on the site of the Tea House. Sheep roamed over Sheeps Hill now called Broadlee Trail. In 1926 Severn Shores, Inc. bought the entire tract of land from the end of the county-owned Epping Forest road down the two inlets, Clements Bay and Salt Pan Bay. In view of the proximity of", "Epping Forest National Park 2007, estimated there was a population of about 138 of the species. In the 1970s the population was estimated to have reached a low of somewhere between 20 and 30 wombats. Most of the park is eucalypt woodland with patches of sandy soils that are used by the wombats for burrowing. Epping Forest National Park Epping Forest is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 855 km northwest of Brisbane. The park is a scientific national park so it is not open to the public. Only scientists, rangers and volunteers may visit the park. The park lies within the Brigalow Belt", "Epping Forest Act 1878 Epping Forest Act 1878 During the middle of the nineteenth century, a number of initiatives were started to protect the rights of the public to use open spaces and for the areas to be conserved for their specific environmental features. Some notable people of the time devoted themselves to societies such as the Commons Preservation Society, now known as the Open Spaces Society, in order to gain protection for some clearly defined areas . One of these areas was Epping Forest on the outskirts of London. It was an area beginning to suffer encroachments of building development and enclosure. The", "Epping Forest Keepers Powers) Act 1971, Section 4 of the City of London (Various Powers) Act 1971 - restriction of rights of common, Section 9 City of London (Various Powers) Act 1990 - riding of horses, Section 10 - new byelaws, also under Section 87 - leaving litter - and Section 88 - fixed penalty notices - of the Environmental Protection Act 1990. However, an anomoloy exists that they only have the powers of a constable to enforce the specific byelaws made under Section 46 of the Epping Forest Act 1878. The Deer Sanctuary in Theydon Bois is not actually located within Epping", "Debden, Epping Forest routes 20 and 397 serve destinations south of Debden such as Chingford, South Woodford and Walthamstow. Routes operating to destinations north and east of Debden are commercial services Destinations include Epping, Harlow, Romford, Theydon Bois, Abridge, Waltham Abbey and Waltham Cross. The local Debden Sports Club, founded in 1948, includes a football team that competes in local leagues. Until 2014, there was an annual Debden Day celebration. Debden is the location of the British Postal Museum Store. Debden Community Association was founded circa 1950 and formerly had premises at Loughton Hall and on land owned by Epping Forest College. Most", "Epping Forest Keepers Forest Keepers undertaking a highly visible \"ambassadorial\" role, rather than one that is just reactive and focuses on monitoring and enforcement. This seems to have had mixed results, with varying workloads and differing work environments not being reflected in the resources deployed by the Conservators. Despite being attested constables, the Forest Keepers do not carry batons or handcuffs. The Epping Forest and Commons Committee were informed that a Forest Keeper was threatened with a knife by a rough sleeper on 15/01/2014 and two Forest Keepers were assaulted during another arrest. Two other Keepers were threatened at or near their place", "Epping, Essex the local community. Epping is a successor parish, created in 1974 when the Epping Urban District was abolished. Epping Forest District Council's headquarters are located in Epping High Street. Epping lies northeast of the centre of London towards the northern end of Epping Forest on a ridge of land between the River Roding and River Lea valleys. Epping is north of the small village of Theydon Bois. Most of the population live in the built up area centred on and around the High Street (B1393) and Station Road. About a thousand people live in the village of Coopersale which, while", "Epping Forest Mountain biking is generally permitted except around the Iron Age camps, Loughton Brook and other ecologically or geomorphologically sensitive areas. Despite clear signposting, a minority of mountain bikers and horse riders continue to cause damage in these areas, and the Conservators of Epping Forest have expressed their concern. A number of clubs organise rides, particularly on Sunday mornings. The forest is also used as a training area for many national level mountain-bike racers as it is highly regarded for its fast and tight flowing single track trails. This type of terrain is known within the mountain bike fraternity as cross", "1988 Epping Forest by-election 1988 Epping Forest by-election A by-election was held in the House of Commons constituency of Epping Forest on 15 December 1988 following the death of Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Sir John Biggs-Davison. The result was a hold for the Conservative Party. Steven Norris was the Conservative candidate. Norris had been elected to serve as MP for Oxford East at the 1983 general election but had lost the seat in 1987. His opponent from the Labour Party was Stephen Murray. Andrew Thompson was chosen as the candidate for the recently formed Liberal Democrats. Thompson had been a founder member of", "1988 Epping Forest by-election Change the World to her party designation) and Brian Goodier, who stood as the \"Vote no Belsen for South Africans\" candidate. Candidate Brian Goodier misspelt Belson on his nomination paper 1988 Epping Forest by-election A by-election was held in the House of Commons constituency of Epping Forest on 15 December 1988 following the death of Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) Sir John Biggs-Davison. The result was a hold for the Conservative Party. Steven Norris was the Conservative candidate. Norris had been elected to serve as MP for Oxford East at the 1983 general election but had lost the seat in" ]

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[ "There are people outside." ]

[ "The relatives sit inside and wait for the groom to show up.", "But I don't know...", "During 1996, cable-TV prices were very low.", "Someone is racing downhill.", "The Comptroller General must include all attestation engagements.", "The tree has been noted as being in healthy shape.", "Intervention patients had worse outcomes." ]

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[ "The Allied army relocated without problems to the south and the heavy artillery was brought ashore with batteries and connecting trenches built so that by 10 October some batteries were ready and by 17 October—when the bombardment commenced—126 guns were firing, 53 of them French.:430 The fleet at the same time engaged the shore batteries. The British bombardment worked better than the French, who had smaller caliber guns. The fleet suffered high casualties during the day. The British wanted to attack that afternoon, but the French wanted to defer the attack. A postponement was agreed, but on the next day the French were still not ready. By 19 October the Russians had transferred some heavy guns to the southern defenses and outgunned the allies.:431" ]

[ "Despite the tribute and a negotiation between Laoshang Chanyu (r. 174–160 BC) and Emperor Wen (r. 180–157 BC) to reopen border markets, many of the Chanyu's Xiongnu subordinates chose not to obey the treaty and periodically raided Han territories south of the Great Wall for additional goods. In a court conference assembled by Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) in 135 BC, the majority consensus of the ministers was to retain the heqin agreement. Emperor Wu accepted this, despite continuing Xiongnu raids. However, a court conference the following year convinced the majority that a limited engagement at Mayi involving the assassination of the Chanyu would throw the Xiongnu realm into chaos and benefit the Han. When this plot failed in 133 BC, Emperor Wu launched a series of massive military invasions into Xiongnu territory. Chinese armies captured one stronghold after another and established agricultural colonies to strengthen their hold. The assault culminated in 119 BC at the Battle of Mobei, where the Han commanders Huo Qubing (d. 117 BC) and Wei Qing (d. 106 BC) forced the Xiongnu court to flee north of the Gobi Desert.", "\n Turkey: The torch relay leg in Istanbul, held on April 3, started on Sultanahmet Square and finished in Taksim Square. Uyghurs living in Turkey protested at Chinese treatment of their compatriots living in Xinjiang. Several protesters who tried to disrupt the relay were promptly arrested by the police.", "To the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °F). The coastal plains of the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman in southern Iran have mild winters, and very humid and hot summers. The annual precipitation ranges from 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in).", "On August 9, 2015, ESPN reported that the New Orleans VooDoo and Las Vegas Outlaws had ceased operations, effective immediately, a claim which was subsequently validated on the AFL website. On September 1, 2015, the Spokane Shock officially left the AFL and joined the IFL under the new name Spokane Empire, becoming the fifth active AFL/af2 franchise to leave for the IFL since bankruptcy (Iowa Barnstormers, Tri-Cities Fever, Green Bay Blizzard and Arkansas Twisters—now the Texas Revolution—left previously).", "In 1925, 78.26 rpm was chosen as the standard because of the introduction of the electrically powered synchronous turntable motor. This motor ran at 3600 rpm, such that a 46:1 gear ratio would produce 78.26 rpm. In parts of the world that used 50 Hz current, the standard was 77.92 rpm (3,000 rpm with a 77:2 ratio), which was also the speed at which a strobe disc with 77 lines would \"stand still\" in 50 Hz light (92 lines for 60 Hz). After World War II these records were retroactively known as 78s, to distinguish them from other newer disc record formats. Earlier they were just called records, or when there was a need to distinguish them from cylinders, disc records.", "With $18.8 million spent in 2013, Comcast has the seventh largest lobbying budget of any individual company or organization in the United States. Comcast employs multiple former US Congressmen as lobbyists. The National Cable & Telecommunications Association, which has multiple Comcast executives on its board, also represents Comcast and other cable companies as the fifth largest lobbying organization in the United States, spending $19.8 million in 2013. Comcast was among the top backers of Barack Obama's presidential runs, with Comcast vice president David Cohen raising over $2.2 million from 2007 to 2012. Cohen has been described by many sources as influential in the US government, though he is no longer a registered lobbyist, as the time he spends lobbying falls short of the 20% which requires official registration. Comcast's PAC, the Comcast Corporation and NBCUniversal Political Action Committee, is the among the largest PACs in the US, raising about $3.7 million from 2011-2012 for the campaigns of various candidates for office in the United States Federal Government. Comcast is also a major backer of the National Cable and Telecommunications Association Political Action Committee, which raised $2.6 million from 2011-2012. Comcast spent the most money of any organization in support of the Stop Online Piracy and PROTECT IP bills, spending roughly $5 million to lobby for their passage.", "In 144 BC Emperor Jing abolished private minting in favor of central-government and commandery-level minting; he also introduced a new coin. Emperor Wu introduced another in 120 BC, but a year later he abandoned the ban liangs entirely in favor of the wuzhu (五銖) coin, weighing 3.2 g (0.11 oz). The wuzhu became China's standard coin until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). Its use was interrupted briefly by several new currencies introduced during Wang Mang's regime until it was reinstated in 40 AD by Emperor Guangwu." ]

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