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q2200_3

The size of these objects is given by the Schwarzschild (“SHWARTZ child”) radius. According to quantum mechanics, these objects emit Hawking radiation. One of them, Sagittarius A Star, sits at the center of our galaxy and has four million times the mass of our sun.

q2200

The size of these objects is given by the Schwarzschild (“SHWARTZ child”) radius. According to quantum mechanics, these objects emit Hawking radiation. One of them, Sagittarius A Star, sits at the center of our galaxy and has four million times the mass of our sun. For 10 points, what are these objects in outer space from which supposedly nothing, not even light, can escape?

{black holes}

q4924_3

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was an early attempt to address this event, which resulted in the formation of the SEC. Dorothea Lange (LANG) took a famous photograph of Florence Owens Thompson during it, and it was exacerbated by drought in the Midwest leading to the Dust Bowl. For 10 points, Migrant Mother was taken during what economic downturn in the 1930s that Franklin Roosevelt tried to solve with his New Deal?

q4924

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was an early attempt to address this event, which resulted in the formation of the SEC. Dorothea Lange (LANG) took a famous photograph of Florence Owens Thompson during it, and it was exacerbated by drought in the Midwest leading to the Dust Bowl. For 10 points, Migrant Mother was taken during what economic downturn in the 1930s that Franklin Roosevelt tried to solve with his New Deal?

{Great Depression} [accept {banking crisis} before "SEC" is read]

q119_4

One of these landforms "of Tehuantepec" (teh-WAHN-teh-pek) is found in the Mexican states of Oaxaca (wah-HAH-kah) and Veracruz. One "of Kra" connects the Malay Peninsula to the rest of Asia. The Suez Canal was built across one of these landforms separating the Red and Mediterranean Seas. For 10 points, name these narrow strips of land that connect larger land masses, another of which is the country of Panama.

q119

One of these landforms "of Tehuantepec" (teh-WAHN-teh-pek) is found in the Mexican states of Oaxaca (wah-HAH-kah) and Veracruz. One "of Kra" connects the Malay Peninsula to the rest of Asia. The Suez Canal was built across one of these landforms separating the Red and Mediterranean Seas. For 10 points, name these narrow strips of land that connect larger land masses, another of which is the country of Panama.

{isthmus} [accept isthmi]

q3535_2

This man created a wedding guest who is accosted by a man lamenting, "Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink" in "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner." He collaborated with William Wordsworth on Lyrical Ballads and wrote a possibly opium-induced poem about a Mongol emperor who decreed "a stately pleasure dome" in Xanadu (ZAN-ah-doo).

q3535

This man created a wedding guest who is accosted by a man lamenting, "Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink" in "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner." He collaborated with William Wordsworth on Lyrical Ballads and wrote a possibly opium-induced poem about a Mongol emperor who decreed "a stately pleasure dome" in Xanadu (ZAN-ah-doo). For 10 points, name this British poet of "Kubla Khan."

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

q3303_1

This man was targeted in the Conway Cabal, which was partially due to his losses at Germantown and Brandywine.

q3303

This man was targeted in the Conway Cabal, which was partially due to his losses at Germantown and Brandywine. He declared political parties to be a "frightful despotism" and warned against engaging in "entangling alliances" in his Farewell Address, after which his former Vice President John Adams became President. For 10 points, name this leader of the Continental Army who became the first President of the United States.

George Washington

q3364_1

The Andean type of these entities occurs beneath a continental plate, and it is at these sites that about 20% of Earth's crust has been consumed.

q3364

The Andean type of these entities occurs beneath a continental plate, and it is at these sites that about 20% of Earth's crust has been consumed. This antithesis (“an-TITH-uh-sis”) of the mid-oceanic ridge is usually typified by lines of volcanoes running parallel near an oceanic trench. For 10 points, identify this region where tectonic (“tec-TON-ick”) plates collide, and one goes underneath the other.

{subduction} zone

q247_3

This country's Kruger National Park, part of the lowveld grassland, is named for a 19th-century leader of its Transvaal region, the site of gold and diamond mines. Lesotho is completely surrounded by this country, which was governed by an "apartheid" regime before it elected Nelson Mandela president in 1994. For 10 points, Pretoria and Cape Town are two capitals of what country at the lowest extremity of the African continent?

q247

This country's Kruger National Park, part of the lowveld grassland, is named for a 19th-century leader of its Transvaal region, the site of gold and diamond mines. Lesotho is completely surrounded by this country, which was governed by an "apartheid" regime before it elected Nelson Mandela president in 1994. For 10 points, Pretoria and Cape Town are two capitals of what country at the lowest extremity of the African continent?

Republic of {South Africa} [or {RSA}]

q229_4

This river was known in ancient times as the "Black" River due to the black silt it deposited during floods. Lake Tana is one source of this river; John Speke discovered that the other was Lake Victoria. It forms from the confluence of namesake Blue and White Rivers near Khartoum. For 10 points, Aswan High Dam is on what longest river in the world?

q229

This river was known in ancient times as the "Black" River due to the black silt it deposited during floods. Lake Tana is one source of this river; John Speke discovered that the other was Lake Victoria. It forms from the confluence of namesake Blue and White Rivers near Khartoum. For 10 points, Aswan High Dam is on what longest river in the world?

{Nile} River

q731_2

Gaussian elimination can reduce these mathematical entities into row echelon form. Their addition is commutative, but generally, multiplication of them is not.

q731

Gaussian elimination can reduce these mathematical entities into row echelon form. Their addition is commutative, but generally, multiplication of them is not. The determinant can only be found in square ones; and in a two by two one, the determinant can be found using the formula ad-bc. For 10 points, name this term for a set of numbers arranged in a rectangular box usually offset by brackets.

matrix [or matrices]

q5001_1

The U.S. Ambassador to this nation, Jon Huntsman, resigned effective April 2011.

q5001

The U.S. Ambassador to this nation, Jon Huntsman, resigned effective April 2011. Human rights activists in this country, including the currently-jailed 2010 Nobel Peace Prize winner, have signed Charter 08. Starting in March 2010, Google refused to follow this nation's Internet censorship policies. For 10 points, identify this nation whose current leader, Hu Jintao (hoo jin-"TAO"), visited the U.S. in January 2011.

People's Republic of China [or PRC; or Zhongguo; or Zhonggua Renmin Gongheguo]

q1407_4

Two brothers of this surname discovered piezoelectricity and a namesake point at which ferromagnetic materials become paramagnetic. One of those brothers explored the properties of the ore pitchblende with his wife. That wife later won a second Nobel Prize for her work isolating radium, and named the element polonium after her native country. For 10 points, give the last name of physicist Pierre and his wife Marie.

q1407

Two brothers of this surname discovered piezoelectricity and a namesake point at which ferromagnetic materials become paramagnetic. One of those brothers explored the properties of the ore pitchblende with his wife. That wife later won a second Nobel Prize for her work isolating radium, and named the element polonium after her native country. For 10 points, give the last name of physicist Pierre and his wife Marie.

Curie [accept Pierre Curie; accept Marie Skłodowska Curie; accept (Paul-) Jacques Curie]

q966_1

Variations of this orchestral instrument include the Japanese shakuhachi (SHAH-koo-HAH-chee) and Armenian sring.

q966

Variations of this orchestral instrument include the Japanese shakuhachi (SHAH-koo-HAH-chee) and Armenian sring. French models of this instrument have open holes, and this instrument represents the bird in Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf. Unlike other woodwinds, it lacks a reed. It comes in end-blown and side-blown varieties. For 10 points, name this woodwind instrument, whose varieties include the piccolo.

flute

q1724_3

This man begins one novel by noting, "I am a sick man. I am a spiteful man." In addition to Notes from Underground, he wrote novels about the epileptic Prince Myshkin (MISH-kin) and the axe murderer Raskolnikov (rahs-KOL-nih-kahv).

q1724

This man begins one novel by noting, "I am a sick man. I am a spiteful man." In addition to Notes from Underground, he wrote novels about the epileptic Prince Myshkin (MISH-kin) and the axe murderer Raskolnikov (rahs-KOL-nih-kahv). Those books, The Idiot and Crime and Punishment, were written before a novel in which Dmitri, the oldest of four brothers, apparently murders his father. For 10 points, name this Russian author of The Brothers Karamazov.

Fyodor Dostoevsky

q2641_5

The rest type of this concept is described in special relativity. Its rotational analogue is rotational inertia. It equals energy divided by the square of the speed of light. On Earth, it is sometimes confused with weight, though it is measured not in pounds but in grams. For 10 points, name this quantity that represents the amount of matter in an object.

q2641

The rest type of this concept is described in special relativity. Its rotational analogue is rotational inertia. It equals energy divided by the square of the speed of light. On Earth, it is sometimes confused with weight, though it is measured not in pounds but in grams. For 10 points, name this quantity that represents the amount of matter in an object.

{mass} [prompt on {m;} accept {energy} before "inertia"]

q273_2

A PowerPoint presentation released by this organization details how Bank of America plans to attack it. One portion of this organization is run by the Sunshine Press.

q273

A PowerPoint presentation released by this organization details how Bank of America plans to attack it. One portion of this organization is run by the Sunshine Press. In November 2010, a Fox News host called it a "terrorist organization" after it published U.S. State Department diplomatic cables. For 10 points, identify this organization whose main spokesperson, Julian Assange (AH-sange), was arrested in December 2010.

WikiLeaks

q401_3

This novel's protagonist has a sister for whom he buys the record "Little Shirley Beans." The main character of this work loses the fencing team's equipment on the subway and has siblings named D.B, Allie, and Phoebe. That protagonist gets kicked out of (*) Pencey Prep, and walks around New York City complaining about the "phoniness" of the world.

q401

This novel's protagonist has a sister for whom he buys the record "Little Shirley Beans." The main character of this work loses the fencing team's equipment on the subway and has siblings named D.B, Allie, and Phoebe. That protagonist gets kicked out of (*) Pencey Prep, and walks around New York City complaining about the "phoniness" of the world. For 10 points, name this novel about Holden Caulfield by J.D. Salinger.

The Catcher in the Rye

q2036_2

In one work, this writer wrote about Otto, whose scientific curiosity is not shared by Axel Lidenbrock (“LIE-den-brock”). In another of his novels, the Abraham Lincoln is captained by Pierre Aronnax (“AIR- oh-nax”) and the Nautilus is captained by Captain Nemo.

q2036

In one work, this writer wrote about Otto, whose scientific curiosity is not shared by Axel Lidenbrock (“LIE-den-brock”). In another of his novels, the Abraham Lincoln is captained by Pierre Aronnax (“AIR- oh-nax”) and the Nautilus is captained by Captain Nemo. For 10 points, name this French writer who wrote Journey to the Center of the Earth and Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.

Jules {Verne}

q487_2

One of this writer's stories follows Annemarie Johansen as she helps her friend Ellen escape from Nazi-occupied Denmark. A sequel to this author's most well-known book follows the weaver Kira, and that book ends with Jonah and Gabe fleeing the dystopian society they live in.

q487

One of this writer's stories follows Annemarie Johansen as she helps her friend Ellen escape from Nazi-occupied Denmark. A sequel to this author's most well-known book follows the weaver Kira, and that book ends with Jonah and Gabe fleeing the dystopian society they live in. For 10 points, identify this Newbery award winning author who wrote Number the Stars, Gathering Blue, and The Giver.

Lois {Lowry} [or Lois Ann {Hammersberg}]

q711_3

This deity led Perseus to the Gray Witches so he could kill Medusa. In The Odyssey, this god gave Odysseus the herb, moly, to protect him from Circe's (SIR-see's) magic, and was later asked by Zeus to order Calypso to let Odysseus go free. As an infant, this deity stole Apollo's cattle and gave Apollo the lyre he had invented.

q711

This deity led Perseus to the Gray Witches so he could kill Medusa. In The Odyssey, this god gave Odysseus the herb, moly, to protect him from Circe's (SIR-see's) magic, and was later asked by Zeus to order Calypso to let Odysseus go free. As an infant, this deity stole Apollo's cattle and gave Apollo the lyre he had invented. For 10 points, identify this Greek messenger god often depicted with his winged sandals.

{Hermes}

q845_4

This poet commented on a literary assignment in "Theme for English B." Another of his poems asks if "a dream deferred" "dr[ies] up like a raisin in the sun." He wrote about the Euphrates, Congo, and Nile in "The Negro Speaks of Rivers." In his most famous poem, he mentions the "droning" of "a drowsy syncopated tune."

q845

This poet commented on a literary assignment in "Theme for English B." Another of his poems asks if "a dream deferred" "dr[ies] up like a raisin in the sun." He wrote about the Euphrates, Congo, and Nile in "The Negro Speaks of Rivers." In his most famous poem, he mentions the "droning" of "a drowsy syncopated tune." For 10 points, name this African-American poet of the Harlem Renaissance who wrote "The Weary Blues."

James {Langston Hughes}

q813_4

This force allows accelerated rolling motion down an incline by producing a net torque on the object. In general, this nonconservative force is equal to the normal force times mu, its namesake coefficient, and it converts kinetic energy into internal energy. For a given object, the kinetic variety is less than the static type. For 10 points, name this force between surfaces that opposes the motion of an object.

q813

This force allows accelerated rolling motion down an incline by producing a net torque on the object. In general, this nonconservative force is equal to the normal force times mu, its namesake coefficient, and it converts kinetic energy into internal energy. For a given object, the kinetic variety is less than the static type. For 10 points, name this force between surfaces that opposes the motion of an object.

friction

q2030_4

All solutions of Diophantine (DYE-oh-FAN-teen) equations are in this set. This set is closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication, but not division, and is denoted by a boldface Z. The absolute value of any number in this set except 0 is a natural number. Rational numbers can be expressed as the quotient of two of these kinds of numbers.

q2030

All solutions of Diophantine (DYE-oh-FAN-teen) equations are in this set. This set is closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication, but not division, and is denoted by a boldface Z. The absolute value of any number in this set except 0 is a natural number. Rational numbers can be expressed as the quotient of two of these kinds of numbers. For 10 points, give the term that applies to the set of whole numbers and their negatives.

integers

q5367_3

During this battle, Confederate armies attempted to drive their opponent towards Owl Creek, but Union forces fell back towards an area known as the Hornet's Nest instead. Albert Sidney Johnston was killed on the first day of this battle, and the arrival of General Buell's troops sent the Confederates packing after day two. For 10 points, name this April 6, 1862 battle fought in Tennessee.

q5367

During this battle, Confederate armies attempted to drive their opponent towards Owl Creek, but Union forces fell back towards an area known as the Hornet's Nest instead. Albert Sidney Johnston was killed on the first day of this battle, and the arrival of General Buell's troops sent the Confederates packing after day two. For 10 points, name this April 6, 1862 battle fought in Tennessee.

Battle of {Shiloh} [or Battle of Pittsburg {Landing}]

q5117_4

Ancient practitioners of this art form include Polykleitos (PAHL-ee-KLY-tohss), whose Doryphoros (dorr-ee-FOR-ohss) is one of the oldest Greek works that still exists. Other practitioners of this art form include Phidias and Myron. Modern works of this type include Frederic Remington's Bronco Buster. For 10 points, name this type of art exemplified by Michelangelo's Pieta and The Thinker by Auguste Rodin.

q5117

Ancient practitioners of this art form include Polykleitos (PAHL-ee-KLY-tohss), whose Doryphoros (dorr-ee-FOR-ohss) is one of the oldest Greek works that still exists. Other practitioners of this art form include Phidias and Myron. Modern works of this type include Frederic Remington's Bronco Buster. For 10 points, name this type of art exemplified by Michelangelo's Pieta and The Thinker by Auguste Rodin.

sculpture [or word forms, such as sculpting]

q89_1

The Sorbonne is the university of this city, which is divided into twenty arrondissements.

q89

The Sorbonne is the university of this city, which is divided into twenty arrondissements. This city is the site of a monument built to commemorate victory at the Battle of Austerlitz, the Arc de Triomphe. Notre Dame cathedral is located in this city on the Seine River, where tourists may also visit the Eiffel Tower. For 10 points, name this capital of France.

Paris

q5008_4

Cadmus once killed this deity's dragon and had to serve this deity for eight years, after which he married Harmonia, this deity's daughter. This deity was wounded by Diomedes (die-AHM- ee-dees) during the Trojan War when he appeared on the battlefield helping the Trojans. This deity's union with Aphrodite yielded Eros (AIR-ohs) and his attendants Phobos (FOE-bows) and Deimos (DAY-mows). For 10 points, which son of Zeus and Hera is the Greek god of war?

q5008

Cadmus once killed this deity's dragon and had to serve this deity for eight years, after which he married Harmonia, this deity's daughter. This deity was wounded by Diomedes (die-AHM- ee-dees) during the Trojan War when he appeared on the battlefield helping the Trojans. This deity's union with Aphrodite yielded Eros (AIR-ohs) and his attendants Phobos (FOE-bows) and Deimos (DAY-mows). For 10 points, which son of Zeus and Hera is the Greek god of war?

{Ares} [prompt on {Mars} until "Greek"]

q1052_1

The heat of fusion is the amount of heat that must be added to a substance for this process to occur without a change in temperature.

q1052

The heat of fusion is the amount of heat that must be added to a substance for this process to occur without a change in temperature. Salt is placed on roads to favor this process over its opposite. At atmospheric pressure, ice undergoes this process at zero degrees Celsius. For 10 points, name this conversion from solids into liquids, whose opposite is freezing.

melting

q39_4

The Isthmus of Tehuantepec (teh-WAHN-tuh-peck) is located in this nation, whose capital is overlooked by twin volcanoes called "Izta" and "Popo." States in this country include Michoacan (mee- SHOW-ah-kahn) , Veracruz, and the home of the Zapotec (ZAP-oh-tek) people, Oaxaca (wah-HAH-kah). Its capital, a city once called Tenochtitlan (tay-NOHCH-tee-tlahn), was the center of the Aztec civilization. For 10 points, name this Spanish-speaking nation located south of the Rio Grande River.

q39

The Isthmus of Tehuantepec (teh-WAHN-tuh-peck) is located in this nation, whose capital is overlooked by twin volcanoes called "Izta" and "Popo." States in this country include Michoacan (mee- SHOW-ah-kahn) , Veracruz, and the home of the Zapotec (ZAP-oh-tek) people, Oaxaca (wah-HAH-kah). Its capital, a city once called Tenochtitlan (tay-NOHCH-tee-tlahn), was the center of the Aztec civilization. For 10 points, name this Spanish-speaking nation located south of the Rio Grande River.

Mexico [or United Mexican States; or Estados Unidos Mexicanos]

q1600_5

This actor appeared with his best-known co-star as Topper Harley in Hot Shots. Kathy Bates won an Emmy in 2012 for her role as the ghost of one of this actor's characters. That character played by this actor died after getting hit by a train and was replaced by (*) Walden Schmidt. This actor stated that he was a "rock star from Mars" with "tiger blood" on a Today Show interview. For 10 points, name this troubled actor who played Charlie Harper on Two And A Half Men.

q1600

This actor appeared with his best-known co-star as Topper Harley in Hot Shots. Kathy Bates won an Emmy in 2012 for her role as the ghost of one of this actor's characters. That character played by this actor died after getting hit by a train and was replaced by (*) Walden Schmidt. This actor stated that he was a "rock star from Mars" with "tiger blood" on a Today Show interview. For 10 points, name this troubled actor who played Charlie Harper on Two And A Half Men.

{Charlie Sheen} [or {Carlos Irwin Estevez;} prompt on {\"Sheen\"} or {\"Estevez\"}]

q3435_4

A system's Lagrangian (lah-GRAN-jee-uhn) equals this quantity minus potential energy. This quantity can be found by dividing the square of an objects momentum by twice its mass. The change in this quantity for an object is equal to the net work done on the object. It equals one-half times mass times velocity squared.

q3435

A system's Lagrangian (lah-GRAN-jee-uhn) equals this quantity minus potential energy. This quantity can be found by dividing the square of an objects momentum by twice its mass. The change in this quantity for an object is equal to the net work done on the object. It equals one-half times mass times velocity squared. For 10 points, name this type of energy that objects possess because of motion.

{kinetic energy} [prompt on energy; accept kinetic after "energy" but prompt before]

q1415_4

According to the Koran, all angels, except Satan, prostrated themselves before this figure due to his knowledge. He was cursed to "eat bread until he returned to the ground." In the New Testament, he is seen as the source of death for all men. His transgression is revealed to God when he is seen wearing a fig leaf.

q1415

According to the Koran, all angels, except Satan, prostrated themselves before this figure due to his knowledge. He was cursed to "eat bread until he returned to the ground." In the New Testament, he is seen as the source of death for all men. His transgression is revealed to God when he is seen wearing a fig leaf. His rib was used to make his wife, Eve. For 10 points, name this Biblical figure, the first man.

Adam

q623_4

This nation's Diogo de Silves discovered the Azores. It split lands with Spain in the Treaty of Tordesillas (tor-day-SEE-yahs). This nation's Henry the Navigator promoted exploration, and its explorers were the first Europeans to round the Cape of Good Hope and sail to India. Those explorers were Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama.

q623

This nation's Diogo de Silves discovered the Azores. It split lands with Spain in the Treaty of Tordesillas (tor-day-SEE-yahs). This nation's Henry the Navigator promoted exploration, and its explorers were the first Europeans to round the Cape of Good Hope and sail to India. Those explorers were Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama. For 10 points, name this country that colonized Brazil.

Portugal

q374_5

Some of this empire's ruins were found in 1911 by Hiram Bingham. One ruler of this empire fought a civil war with his half-brother Huascar (whas-car). That ruler was captured at the battle of Cajamarca (ka-ha-mar-ka), and he was named Atahualpa (Ata·hual·pa). This empire had its capital at (*) Cuzco, and famous ruins from this empire can be found at Machu Picchu in Peru. For 10 points, name this South American empire that was conquered by Francisco Pizarro.

q374

Some of this empire's ruins were found in 1911 by Hiram Bingham. One ruler of this empire fought a civil war with his half-brother Huascar (whas-car). That ruler was captured at the battle of Cajamarca (ka-ha-mar-ka), and he was named Atahualpa (Ata·hual·pa). This empire had its capital at (*) Cuzco, and famous ruins from this empire can be found at Machu Picchu in Peru. For 10 points, name this South American empire that was conquered by Francisco Pizarro.

{Inca} Empire [or {Tawantinsuyu}]

q4850_1

This figure's birth was engineered by Sir Pelles (“PELL-us”), his grandfather.

q4850

This figure's birth was engineered by Sir Pelles (“PELL-us”), his grandfather. A descendant of Joseph of Arimathea (“AIR-uh-muh-THEE-uh”), this youngest of the Knights of the Round Table died after taking a fated trip to Jerusalem, while accompanied by Sirs Bors and Percival. He is the only figure who is allowed to sit in the Siege Perilous, due to his destiny. The son of Sir Lancelot was, for 10 points, what Arthurian figure who found the Holy Grail?

Sir {Galahad}

q4197_1

In one myth, these creatures rose from the blood spilled by Uranus when his son Cronus castrated him.

q4197

In one myth, these creatures rose from the blood spilled by Uranus when his son Cronus castrated him. They chased Oedipus (ED-uh-puhs) for wedding his mother and are believed to punish those who swear false oaths. Their members include Alecto (uh-LEK-toh), Megaera (muh-JEER-uh), and Tisiphone (ti-SIF-uh-nee). For 10 points, name these fearsome female winged deities of vengeance from Greco- Roman mythology.

{Erinnyes} [{accept} Eumenídes; accept {Furies;} accept Dirae (dahy-ree)]

q19_1

This state suffered the Good Friday Earthquake, and it is the only state divided into boroughs rather than counties.

q19

This state suffered the Good Friday Earthquake, and it is the only state divided into boroughs rather than counties. Islands located here include Kodiak and Amaknak (“uh-MACK-nack”), the most populous of the Aleutians (“uh-LOO-shins”). Its largest city lies on the Cook Inlet, and its city of Nome lies on the Bering Sea. For 10 points, name this state, whose cities include Fairbanks and Anchorage, and which is the northernmost state in the United States.

Alaska

q1416_3

This term describes a type of friction whose coefficient is usually larger than that of kinetic friction. It describes a type of equilibrium in which the net torque and net force both equal zero, resulting in a motionless object. A buildup of charge on the surface of an object creates this type of electricity.

q1416

This term describes a type of friction whose coefficient is usually larger than that of kinetic friction. It describes a type of equilibrium in which the net torque and net force both equal zero, resulting in a motionless object. A buildup of charge on the surface of an object creates this type of electricity. For 10 points, give this six-letter term also denoting the noise emitted by a mistuned radio or television.

static

q2027_2

The Antennae and The Mice are interacting examples of these objects, and Seyfert's Sextet are a group of them. Tidal tails form in these objects, when one or more of them merge.

q2027

The Antennae and The Mice are interacting examples of these objects, and Seyfert's Sextet are a group of them. Tidal tails form in these objects, when one or more of them merge. Edwin Hubble classified these on a "tuning fork diagram", which includes the elliptical and (*) spiral types. M31 is the Andromeda example of, and our own Milky way is another of, for 10 points, what large collections of stars?

{galaxy}

q694_2

In book one of this work, the word Pandemonium is first used to describe Satan's palace. Satan eventually tricks Uriel into letting him escape, and he makes his way to earth to tempt mankind.

q694

In book one of this work, the word Pandemonium is first used to describe Satan's palace. Satan eventually tricks Uriel into letting him escape, and he makes his way to earth to tempt mankind. The archangel Michael leads mankind out of the (*) garden in, for 10 points, what John Milton epic poem that chronicles the fall of Adam and Eve?

Paradise Lost

q1268_4

This holiday commemorates the result of a trial before the Sanhedrin (san-HEE-drin), which was led by Caiaphas (KYE-uh-fuss). Some believe that trial took place the day before, leading them to begin observation of this holiday a day early. It commemorates the day that Pontius Pilate (PON-ti-US PYElate) attempted to prevent rioting by permitting the execution of Jesus Christ. For 10 points, name this holiday that occurs two days before Easter.

q1268

This holiday commemorates the result of a trial before the Sanhedrin (san-HEE-drin), which was led by Caiaphas (KYE-uh-fuss). Some believe that trial took place the day before, leading them to begin observation of this holiday a day early. It commemorates the day that Pontius Pilate (PON-ti-US PYElate) attempted to prevent rioting by permitting the execution of Jesus Christ. For 10 points, name this holiday that occurs two days before Easter.

{Good Friday} [or {Great Friday;} or {Holy Friday}]

q401_1

This novel's protagonist has a sister for whom he buys the record "Little Shirley Beans."

q401

This novel's protagonist has a sister for whom he buys the record "Little Shirley Beans." The main character of this work loses the fencing team's equipment on the subway and has siblings named D.B, Allie, and Phoebe. That protagonist gets kicked out of (*) Pencey Prep, and walks around New York City complaining about the "phoniness" of the world. For 10 points, name this novel about Holden Caulfield by J.D. Salinger.

The Catcher in the Rye

q1700_3

Fatty acids contain long chains of hydrogen and this element. Methane consists of four hydrogens bonded to this element. One form of this element in a cylindrical structure is the strongest known material, and is known as a namesake nanotube.

q1700

Fatty acids contain long chains of hydrogen and this element. Methane consists of four hydrogens bonded to this element. One form of this element in a cylindrical structure is the strongest known material, and is known as a namesake nanotube. Organic chemistry is the study of molecules containing this element. Its allotropes include diamond and graphite. For 10 points, name this element that makes up all living things.

carbon [or C; accept carbon nanotubes before "nanotube"]

q2405_4

In publishing, this six-letter term describes a set of journal issues published in the same year. It also describes the sound level output from a computer or television. Density equals mass divided by a quantity with this name. For 10 points, give this term for the amount of space an object occupies, which for a cube equals side length cubed.

q2405

In publishing, this six-letter term describes a set of journal issues published in the same year. It also describes the sound level output from a computer or television. Density equals mass divided by a quantity with this name. For 10 points, give this term for the amount of space an object occupies, which for a cube equals side length cubed.

volume

q5040_3

This type of respiration takes place when limited oxygen is available. It is used to make sauerkraut, kimchi, and yogurt, and can be carried out by (*) microorganisms such as yeast. For 10 points, name this process in which sugars are converted into ethanol, examples of which include the conversion of grapes to wine and wheat to beer.

q5040

This type of respiration takes place when limited oxygen is available. It is used to make sauerkraut, kimchi, and yogurt, and can be carried out by (*) microorganisms such as yeast. For 10 points, name this process in which sugars are converted into ethanol, examples of which include the conversion of grapes to wine and wheat to beer.

{fermentation} [accept word forms; prompt on {\"anaerobic\" respiration}]

q4858_4

This dynasty inherited portions of the Netherlands after the death of the Burgundian monarch Charles the Bold at the Battle of Nancy. One ruler of this family won the Battle of Pavia and captured Francis I of France in the process; that ruler was Charles V. Another ruler from this family lost Silesia to Fredrick the Great; that ruler was Maria Theresa. For 10 points, identify this dynasty with Austrian and Spanish branches.

q4858

This dynasty inherited portions of the Netherlands after the death of the Burgundian monarch Charles the Bold at the Battle of Nancy. One ruler of this family won the Battle of Pavia and captured Francis I of France in the process; that ruler was Charles V. Another ruler from this family lost Silesia to Fredrick the Great; that ruler was Maria Theresa. For 10 points, identify this dynasty with Austrian and Spanish branches.

House of {Hapsburg} [or {Habsburgs}]

q3493_4

At one battle in this war, John of Bohemia fought even though he was blind. A temporary peace during this war was the Treaty of Bretigny. This conflict saw a battle on St. Crispin's Day that was the subject of the speech about "ye band of brothers." (*) Joan of Arc was captured and burnt at the stake during this war.

q3493

At one battle in this war, John of Bohemia fought even though he was blind. A temporary peace during this war was the Treaty of Bretigny. This conflict saw a battle on St. Crispin's Day that was the subject of the speech about "ye band of brothers." (*) Joan of Arc was captured and burnt at the stake during this war. The Battles of Crecy and Agincourt were fought during, for 10 points, what war between the English and French from 1337 to 1453?

{Hundred Years\' War}

q2223_4

Symbols in this painting include a pair of discarded clogs and a chandelier with one lit candle. In the middle of this painting, a feather duster and a beaded chain flank the artist's signature, which is above a circular mirror. A dog sits near this painting's two human figures, one of whom wears a green dress as she holds the hand of her suitor.(*) For 10 points, name this painting of a married couple by Jan van Eyck [yan van "ike"].

q2223

Symbols in this painting include a pair of discarded clogs and a chandelier with one lit candle. In the middle of this painting, a feather duster and a beaded chain flank the artist's signature, which is above a circular mirror. A dog sits near this painting's two human figures, one of whom wears a green dress as she holds the hand of her suitor.(*) For 10 points, name this painting of a married couple by Jan van Eyck [yan van "ike"].

{The Arnolfini Marriage} [accept {The Arnolfini Wedding} or any answer with Arnolfini and the suggestion of marriage; accept {The Arnolfini Portrait} or The Arnolfini Double Portrait]

q1600_2

This actor appeared with his best-known co-star as Topper Harley in Hot Shots. Kathy Bates won an Emmy in 2012 for her role as the ghost of one of this actor's characters.

q1600

This actor appeared with his best-known co-star as Topper Harley in Hot Shots. Kathy Bates won an Emmy in 2012 for her role as the ghost of one of this actor's characters. That character played by this actor died after getting hit by a train and was replaced by (*) Walden Schmidt. This actor stated that he was a "rock star from Mars" with "tiger blood" on a Today Show interview. For 10 points, name this troubled actor who played Charlie Harper on Two And A Half Men.

{Charlie Sheen} [or {Carlos Irwin Estevez;} prompt on {\"Sheen\"} or {\"Estevez\"}]

q711_2

This deity led Perseus to the Gray Witches so he could kill Medusa. In The Odyssey, this god gave Odysseus the herb, moly, to protect him from Circe's (SIR-see's) magic, and was later asked by Zeus to order Calypso to let Odysseus go free.

q711

This deity led Perseus to the Gray Witches so he could kill Medusa. In The Odyssey, this god gave Odysseus the herb, moly, to protect him from Circe's (SIR-see's) magic, and was later asked by Zeus to order Calypso to let Odysseus go free. As an infant, this deity stole Apollo's cattle and gave Apollo the lyre he had invented. For 10 points, identify this Greek messenger god often depicted with his winged sandals.

{Hermes}

q2189_3

Notable writers in this form included Guy de Maupassant, and it also makes up the book Dubliners by James Joyce. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle" are examples of this form by Washington Irving. Edgar Allen Poe said one of these should be able to be read in a (*) single sitting.

q2189

Notable writers in this form included Guy de Maupassant, and it also makes up the book Dubliners by James Joyce. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "Rip Van Winkle" are examples of this form by Washington Irving. Edgar Allen Poe said one of these should be able to be read in a (*) single sitting. "The Gift of the Magi" and "The Ransom of Red Chief" are examples by O. Henry of, for 10 points, what small form of fiction?

short story

q1365_3

This instrument plays the opening Promenade in Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, as well as the rising theme C-G-C in the opening of Richard Strauss' Thus Spake Zarathustra. This instrument's tone can be lowered by one-and-a-half steps by pressing either its third or both its first and second (*) valves. For 10 points, name this brass instrument whose timbre is slightly brighter than that of a cornet.

q1365

This instrument plays the opening Promenade in Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, as well as the rising theme C-G-C in the opening of Richard Strauss' Thus Spake Zarathustra. This instrument's tone can be lowered by one-and-a-half steps by pressing either its third or both its first and second (*) valves. For 10 points, name this brass instrument whose timbre is slightly brighter than that of a cornet.

trumpet

q8390_3

The reaction to this man's recent promise of a zero percent increase in public spending led John Bercow to call for order. He became a member of the Shadow Cabinet in 1986. In 1994, he was rumored to be a candidate for the leadership of the Labour Party, but struck the Granita Pact with man he would eventually succeed, Tony Blair.

q8390

The reaction to this man's recent promise of a zero percent increase in public spending led John Bercow to call for order. He became a member of the Shadow Cabinet in 1986. In 1994, he was rumored to be a candidate for the leadership of the Labour Party, but struck the Granita Pact with man he would eventually succeed, Tony Blair. For 10 points, name this current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

Gordon {Brown}

q3493_1

At one battle in this war, John of Bohemia fought even though he was blind.

q3493

At one battle in this war, John of Bohemia fought even though he was blind. A temporary peace during this war was the Treaty of Bretigny. This conflict saw a battle on St. Crispin's Day that was the subject of the speech about "ye band of brothers." (*) Joan of Arc was captured and burnt at the stake during this war. The Battles of Crecy and Agincourt were fought during, for 10 points, what war between the English and French from 1337 to 1453?

{Hundred Years\' War}

q1590_2

Two characters in this book later appear as the main characters of Many Waters. Mrs.

q1590

Two characters in this book later appear as the main characters of Many Waters. Mrs. Whatsit, Mrs. Who, and Mrs.Which start this journey in this book. Some characters in this novel can kythe (“KITHE”), while others can tesseract. On Camazotz (“CAM-uh-zots”), the characters in this novel fight IT, who has imprisoned Dr. Murray, although Charles Wallace is able to defeat him after Meg loves him. For 10 points, name this novel by Madeleine L'Engle.

A Wrinkle in Time

q1518_1

This city is where Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man works at the Liberty Paint Company.

q1518

This city is where Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man works at the Liberty Paint Company. George Selden wrote about a cricket in one of this city's major public spaces. The Great Gatsby takes place in this city where Percy Jackson visits the Metropolitan Museum of Art. This city is where Stuart Little races boats in Central Park. For 10 points, name this city in which the Harlem Renaissance took place.

New York City

q1867_3

This author represented three branches of Christianity as Peter, Martin, and Jack in A Tale of a Tub. One satire by this man facetiously calls for serving Irish babies as food and is called A Modest Proposal. His most famous work depicts the travels of the title captain to various fantastical lands, including Glubbdubdrib.

q1867

This author represented three branches of Christianity as Peter, Martin, and Jack in A Tale of a Tub. One satire by this man facetiously calls for serving Irish babies as food and is called A Modest Proposal. His most famous work depicts the travels of the title captain to various fantastical lands, including Glubbdubdrib. For 10 points, name this Irish author of Gulliver's Travels.

Jonathan Swift

q165_2

An ideal blackbody is an object that absorbs all energy transferred by this process. This is the process in which energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth, because it is the only form of heat exchange that can pass through a vacuum.

q165

An ideal blackbody is an object that absorbs all energy transferred by this process. This is the process in which energy is transferred from the Sun to the Earth, because it is the only form of heat exchange that can pass through a vacuum. It takes its name from the fact that it emits energy in all directions. For 10 points, name this type of heat exchange that differs from convection and conduction.

thermal {radiation} [or heat radiation]

q304_1

This geographical feature has its lowest point at Bentley Trench.

q304

This geographical feature has its lowest point at Bentley Trench. A lake here lies under Vostok Station. Mt. Erebus is found on Ross Island off itscoast, between Marie Byrd and Victoria lands. The Sentinel Range of the Ellsworth Mountains contains its highest peak, Vinson Massif, located on the Ronne (*) Ice Shelf. Getting only 5-10 inches of precipitation a year, it is considered a desert. For 10 points, identify this southernmost continent that contains the icy South Pole.

Antarctica

q2149_4

This artist's statues of a dying slave and a horned Moses were to adorn the tomb of Julius II. His only signed work is one in which Mary holds the dead body of Jesus, entitled Pietá (“pee-AY-tuh”). One of his works depicts a nude giant killer holding a sling. This man depicted several scenes from Genesis in The Last Judgement.

q2149

This artist's statues of a dying slave and a horned Moses were to adorn the tomb of Julius II. His only signed work is one in which Mary holds the dead body of Jesus, entitled Pietá (“pee-AY-tuh”). One of his works depicts a nude giant killer holding a sling. This man depicted several scenes from Genesis in The Last Judgement. For 10 points, name this Italian Renaissance painter of the Sistine Chapel ceiling.

{Michelangelo} di Lodovico {Buonarroti} Simoni [accept either]

q3657_3

The University of Breslau gave this composer of 21 Hungarian Dances an honorary doctorate degree; he returned the favor by composing the Academic Festival Overture. One of his works replaces the Latin text with verses from the Lutheran Bible, and his 1st Symphony is so heavily inspired by (*) Beethoven that it's often called "Beethoven's Tenth." For 10 points, name this composer of A German Requiem and a children's lullaby.

q3657

The University of Breslau gave this composer of 21 Hungarian Dances an honorary doctorate degree; he returned the favor by composing the Academic Festival Overture. One of his works replaces the Latin text with verses from the Lutheran Bible, and his 1st Symphony is so heavily inspired by (*) Beethoven that it's often called "Beethoven's Tenth." For 10 points, name this composer of A German Requiem and a children's lullaby.

Johannes {Brahms}

q2661_1

This empire arose when the Seljuk sultanate collapsed.

q2661

This empire arose when the Seljuk sultanate collapsed. It captured the capital of Hungary in 1526 during the Battle of Mohacs (mow-HOTCH). This nation's expansion to Greece and the Balkan Peninsula was followed by the capture of Constantinople in 1453. For 10 points, identify this empire which dissolved in the early 20th century because of the Young Turk revolution and its ill-fated alignment with Germany and Austria-Hungary.

Ottoman Empire [or Osmanic Empire; or Osmanion Empire]

q4339_3

This man's brothers were Nahor and Haran, and his father was Terah. He told his wife to say that she was his sister to evade Egyptian guards. This man fathered Ishmael with Hagar, but he is more famous for nearly (*) sacrificing his son, Isaac.

q4339

This man's brothers were Nahor and Haran, and his father was Terah. He told his wife to say that she was his sister to evade Egyptian guards. This man fathered Ishmael with Hagar, but he is more famous for nearly (*) sacrificing his son, Isaac. For 10 points, name this Old Testament figure whose wife was Sarah and who made a covenant with God, making him a patriarchal figure in Islam, Christianity, and Judaism.

Abraham [accept Abram]

q167_5

This island was home to the settlement of Brattahlid beginning in the 10th century. In 2005, an island now called "Warming Island" was found off the coast of this island. Off the west coast of this island are Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. Its largest cities are Sisimiut and Nuuk, and it is an autonomous country within (*) Denmark. For 10 points, name this huge island that lies between Iceland and Canada.

q167

This island was home to the settlement of Brattahlid beginning in the 10th century. In 2005, an island now called "Warming Island" was found off the coast of this island. Off the west coast of this island are Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. Its largest cities are Sisimiut and Nuuk, and it is an autonomous country within (*) Denmark. For 10 points, name this huge island that lies between Iceland and Canada.

Greenland [or Kalaallit Nunaat]

q861_1

One folk hero from this nation killed policemen at Stringybark Creek; that man is "Ned" Kelly.

q861

One folk hero from this nation killed policemen at Stringybark Creek; that man is "Ned" Kelly. One insurrection in this nation stripped William Bligh of his governorship; that insurrection is the Rum Rebellion. The "Stolen Generations" are children taken by the government of this nation from the Aborigines. For 10 points, identify this nation where Arthur Phillip established a penal colony for the British Empire.

Commonwealth of Australia

q647_1

In one novel, this writer depicts a character named Protopopov (“PRO-tow-POP-ahv”) who becomes the lover of Natasha, the selfish wife of Andrey Prozorov (“PRO-zor-ahv”).

q647

In one novel, this writer depicts a character named Protopopov (“PRO-tow-POP-ahv”) who becomes the lover of Natasha, the selfish wife of Andrey Prozorov (“PRO-zor-ahv”). In another novel, this writer depicts the intellectual liberal named Anya who is the daughter of Madame Ranevskaya (“RAHN-ev- SKY-uh”). For 10 points, name this Russian author of The Three Sisters and The Cherry Orchard.

Anton Pavlovich {Chekhov}

q622_4

Paul Wittgenstein (“VIT-gen-SHTINE”) commissioned concertos for this instrument that used only the left hand. This instrument is said to have been invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori (“BAR-tow-lo- MAY-oh KRIS-tow-for-ee”). It was originally named for its ability to play both loud and soft sounds, which made it an improvement over the clavichord and harpsichord. For 10 points, name this musical instrument that has thirty-six black and fifty-two white keys.

q622

Paul Wittgenstein (“VIT-gen-SHTINE”) commissioned concertos for this instrument that used only the left hand. This instrument is said to have been invented by Bartolomeo Cristofori (“BAR-tow-lo- MAY-oh KRIS-tow-for-ee”). It was originally named for its ability to play both loud and soft sounds, which made it an improvement over the clavichord and harpsichord. For 10 points, name this musical instrument that has thirty-six black and fifty-two white keys.

{piano} [accept {pianoforte}]

q5362_2

This newspaper was sued by Alabama public safety officer Louis B. Sullivan. Its long-time publisher, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, died in 2012.

q5362

This newspaper was sued by Alabama public safety officer Louis B. Sullivan. Its long-time publisher, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, died in 2012. It won one of its 108 Pulitzer prizes for printing The Pentagon Papers. One nickname of this newspaper is "the Old (*) Gray Lady." "All the News That's Fit to Print" is the motto of, for 10 points, what daily newspaper published in the "Big Apple"?

The {New York Times} [accept {NYT;} prompt on {\"Times\"}]

q1758_3

This person won the Nobel Peace Prize for leading negotiations for the Treaty of Portsmouth, which ended the Russo-Japanese War. This leader coined the term "bully pulpit" and introduced the Square Deal. During the Spanish-American War, he led a charge up San Juan Hill with the Rough Riders, and he would later run for President on the Bull Moose ticket.

q1758

This person won the Nobel Peace Prize for leading negotiations for the Treaty of Portsmouth, which ended the Russo-Japanese War. This leader coined the term "bully pulpit" and introduced the Square Deal. During the Spanish-American War, he led a charge up San Juan Hill with the Rough Riders, and he would later run for President on the Bull Moose ticket. For 10 points, name this President who succeeded William McKinley.

{Theodore} "Teddy" {Roosevelt} [prompt on Roosevelt; prompt on T.R.]

q2557_1

This man fought against Ariovistus (“air-ee-oh-VIS-tuss”), a German leader, and Vercingetorix (“ver- KING-uh-TOR-ix”), a chieftain of the Arverni (“ar-VEHR-nee”) whose defeat is described in this man's book, Commentaries on the Gallic Wars.

q2557

This man fought against Ariovistus (“air-ee-oh-VIS-tuss”), a German leader, and Vercingetorix (“ver- KING-uh-TOR-ix”), a chieftain of the Arverni (“ar-VEHR-nee”) whose defeat is described in this man's book, Commentaries on the Gallic Wars. He led his troops across the Rubicon to start a civil war with Pompey, one of his partners in the First Triumvirate. For 10 points, name this Roman leader who was assassinated by Brutus on the Ides of March.

Julius {Caesar}

q4861_4

Before this event, a three-year winter will end almost all life. During this event, one deity's son will use a giant shoe to take revenge for his father's death. At its start, Heimdall will blow the Gjallarhorn and Loki will break free from his imprisonment. During this event, Thor will kill the Midgard Serpent, only to die from its poison.

q4861

Before this event, a three-year winter will end almost all life. During this event, one deity's son will use a giant shoe to take revenge for his father's death. At its start, Heimdall will blow the Gjallarhorn and Loki will break free from his imprisonment. During this event, Thor will kill the Midgard Serpent, only to die from its poison. For 10 points, name this event marking the end of the world in Norse mythology.

Ragnarök [prompt on Gotterdammerung; prompt on end of the world]

q1295_2

Judge Maria Lourdes Afiuni (lord-AYS ah-FEE-oon-EE) was arrested in this country on graft charges because she ordered the release of banker Luis Cedeno (loo-EE SEH-dane-YO). In the past twelve years, this country nationalized major companies like the steel corporation SIDOR.

q1295

Judge Maria Lourdes Afiuni (lord-AYS ah-FEE-oon-EE) was arrested in this country on graft charges because she ordered the release of banker Luis Cedeno (loo-EE SEH-dane-YO). In the past twelve years, this country nationalized major companies like the steel corporation SIDOR. It has always owned PDVSA, which is one of the five largest oil companies in the world. For 10 points, identify this South American country, which is currently led by Hugo Chavez.

Bolivarian Republic of {Venezuela}

q1934_1

This dynasty established the House of Wisdom, or Bayt al-Hikma (BITE all HEEK-mah), at which algebra was invented.

q1934

This dynasty established the House of Wisdom, or Bayt al-Hikma (BITE all HEEK-mah), at which algebra was invented. Under al-Mu'tasim (al MOO-tah-SEEM), this dynasty established an army of military slaves known as Mamluks (MAMM-lukes). The last member of this dynasty was rolled up in a carpet and trampled to death after the sack of Baghdad in 1258. Harun al-Rashid (hah-ROON al rah- SHEED) ruled during its political peak. For 10 points, name this Arabian dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads (OO-my-AHDS).

Abbasid Caliphate [or Abbasids]

q117_3

This state was the site of an indecisive battle between Henry Clinton and George Washington at Monmouth Courthouse. The Pine Barrens are found in the south-central part of this state, whose beach destinations include Cape May, Wildwood, and Atlantic City. The Delaware River forms this state's western border with Pennsylvania.

q117

This state was the site of an indecisive battle between Henry Clinton and George Washington at Monmouth Courthouse. The Pine Barrens are found in the south-central part of this state, whose beach destinations include Cape May, Wildwood, and Atlantic City. The Delaware River forms this state's western border with Pennsylvania. For 10 points, what mid-Atlantic state has its capital at Trenton?

New Jersey

q1506_5

The density parameter for the non-relativistic form of this falls off with the cube of the scale factor. This substance dominated the universe from approximately 75,000 years after the Big-Bang until about 4 billion years ago. Deviations in the expected orbital speed of galaxies suggests the presence of the (*) "dark" form of this. When it has the same mass but opposite charge and spin, it is deemed "anti." Solid, liquid, and gas are three states of, for 10 points, what term for any substance that occupies space and has mass.

q1506

The density parameter for the non-relativistic form of this falls off with the cube of the scale factor. This substance dominated the universe from approximately 75,000 years after the Big-Bang until about 4 billion years ago. Deviations in the expected orbital speed of galaxies suggests the presence of the (*) "dark" form of this. When it has the same mass but opposite charge and spin, it is deemed "anti." Solid, liquid, and gas are three states of, for 10 points, what term for any substance that occupies space and has mass.

matter

q1061_5

This country was ruled by Fulgencio (“fool-HEN-see-oh”) Batista, who was deposed in 1959. It was the site of the Rough Riders' victory at San Juan Hill. The only U.S. territory on this island is a naval base at Guantanamo (“GWAHN-TAHN-uh-mo”) Bay. Soviet missiles discovered here in 1962 led to a namesake “crisis.” For 10 points, name this island country once ruled by Fidel Castro.

q1061

This country was ruled by Fulgencio (“fool-HEN-see-oh”) Batista, who was deposed in 1959. It was the site of the Rough Riders' victory at San Juan Hill. The only U.S. territory on this island is a naval base at Guantanamo (“GWAHN-TAHN-uh-mo”) Bay. Soviet missiles discovered here in 1962 led to a namesake “crisis.” For 10 points, name this island country once ruled by Fidel Castro.

Republic of {Cuba} [or Republica de {Cuba}]

q1796_3

One conflict in this country saw the Duke of Guise fight for the throne with two other men named Henry. This country signed the Evian Accords in 1962 with Algeria. In the 8th century, this was the site where Charles Martel was victorious at the Battle of Tours.

q1796

One conflict in this country saw the Duke of Guise fight for the throne with two other men named Henry. This country signed the Evian Accords in 1962 with Algeria. In the 8th century, this was the site where Charles Martel was victorious at the Battle of Tours. This country was led by (*) Nicolas Sarkozy until the 2012 elections. For 10 points, name this country once led by Charles de Gaulle.

France

q1957_4

These objects contain columns called seracs and tubes called moulins. They create kame (CAME) and kettle topography as well as drumlins, which are land forms in the shape of whales, and kettles, which are generally shallow lakes. The debris they leave behind is often called a moraine. For 10 points, name these large long-lasting accumulations of snow and ice, found in places such as a namesake Montana national park.

q1957

These objects contain columns called seracs and tubes called moulins. They create kame (CAME) and kettle topography as well as drumlins, which are land forms in the shape of whales, and kettles, which are generally shallow lakes. The debris they leave behind is often called a moraine. For 10 points, name these large long-lasting accumulations of snow and ice, found in places such as a namesake Montana national park.

glaciers

q368_1

The antibiotic erythromycin works by disrupting this organelle, which contains E, P, and A sites on its large subunit.

q368

The antibiotic erythromycin works by disrupting this organelle, which contains E, P, and A sites on its large subunit. The parts of this organelle are assembled at nucleoli (noo-klee-OH-lye), and when bound to a membrane, these create the rough ER. Codons are translated at this organelle where the tRNA and mRNA meet. For 10 points, name this organelle that is the site of protein synthesis

ribosomes

q5300_2

This figure ordered the Goliad Massacre, and he was severely injured by French cannon fire at Veracruz during the Pastry War. The Treaties of Velasco were signed following this leader's capture after the Battle of San Jacinto, and he was responsible for the deaths of Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett.

q5300

This figure ordered the Goliad Massacre, and he was severely injured by French cannon fire at Veracruz during the Pastry War. The Treaties of Velasco were signed following this leader's capture after the Battle of San Jacinto, and he was responsible for the deaths of Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett. For 10 points, name this self-styled "Napoleon of the West," a Mexican general infamous for his attempt to seize the Alamo.

Antonio López de {Santa Anna} [prompt on Napoleon of the West before it is read]

q603_4

Ilya Mechnikov first studied this body system by inserting thorns in starfish, and its longevity depends on memory cells. An inflammatory response attracts macrophages from this system, while another of its cells is targeted by HIV. T cells and B cells are the major white blood cells of this system, which produces antibodies. For 10 points, name this body system that defends an organism against bacterial and viral infections.

q603

Ilya Mechnikov first studied this body system by inserting thorns in starfish, and its longevity depends on memory cells. An inflammatory response attracts macrophages from this system, while another of its cells is targeted by HIV. T cells and B cells are the major white blood cells of this system, which produces antibodies. For 10 points, name this body system that defends an organism against bacterial and viral infections.

immune system

q3341_3

This constellation contains the Trapezium Cluster and is the site of a late-October meteor shower. One of its stars, formerly known as the Amazon Star, is Bellatrix, and its brightest stars are Betelgeuse and Rigel. Its namesake nebula joins with Hatysa and other stars to form its sword, while Alnitak, Alnilam, and Mintaka form its belt.

q3341

This constellation contains the Trapezium Cluster and is the site of a late-October meteor shower. One of its stars, formerly known as the Amazon Star, is Bellatrix, and its brightest stars are Betelgeuse and Rigel. Its namesake nebula joins with Hatysa and other stars to form its sword, while Alnitak, Alnilam, and Mintaka form its belt. For 10 points, name this constellation nicknamed the Hunter.

Orion [prompt on Hunter before it is read]

q5666_3

Lieschen [lee-shen] is addicted to coffee in a cantata by this composer of the Notebook for Anna Magdalena. Gounod's [goo-noh's] Ave Maria is based on a prelude from this composer's Well-Tempered Clavier, and Mendelssohn revived his setting of the St. Matthew Passion. The Art of Fugue was composed by, for 10 points, what German Baroque composer of the Goldberg Variations and the Brandenburg Concertos?

q5666

Lieschen [lee-shen] is addicted to coffee in a cantata by this composer of the Notebook for Anna Magdalena. Gounod's [goo-noh's] Ave Maria is based on a prelude from this composer's Well-Tempered Clavier, and Mendelssohn revived his setting of the St. Matthew Passion. The Art of Fugue was composed by, for 10 points, what German Baroque composer of the Goldberg Variations and the Brandenburg Concertos?

{Johann Sebastian Bach} [accept {Coffee Cantata} before "cantata" is read]

q13259_5

This franchise's 1934 World Series-winning team was known as the "Gas House Gang." It won the 1944 World Series over the Browns, with whom it used to share Sportsman's Park. Its 1968 championship team featured Lou Brock and Bob Gibson. In February 2011 this team signed former center fielder Jim Edmonds to a minor league deal. For 10 points, name this NL Central team whose lineup includes Matt Holliday and Albert Pujols.

q13259

This franchise's 1934 World Series-winning team was known as the "Gas House Gang." It won the 1944 World Series over the Browns, with whom it used to share Sportsman's Park. Its 1968 championship team featured Lou Brock and Bob Gibson. In February 2011 this team signed former center fielder Jim Edmonds to a minor league deal. For 10 points, name this NL Central team whose lineup includes Matt Holliday and Albert Pujols.

St. Louis Cardinals [or St. Louis Cardinals]

q2742_4

Most stories hold that this deity, not Athena, blinded the prophet Tiresias (TYE-ree-see-uhs). She cursed the nymph Echo to repeat only what others had said. This figure gave birth to Hephaestus (heh- FESS-tuss) and later threw him out of Olympus because of his ugliness. After her husband impregnated Leto (LEE-toh), she refused to let Leto give birth on land.

q2742

Most stories hold that this deity, not Athena, blinded the prophet Tiresias (TYE-ree-see-uhs). She cursed the nymph Echo to repeat only what others had said. This figure gave birth to Hephaestus (heh- FESS-tuss) and later threw him out of Olympus because of his ugliness. After her husband impregnated Leto (LEE-toh), she refused to let Leto give birth on land. For 10 points, name this Greek goddess and wife of Zeus.

Hera

q406_1

The island of Marajo (mah-RAH-hoh) is located at the mouth of this river which was named by Spanish conquistador Francisco de Orellana (day OH-ray-YAH-nah) for the warrior women of Greek mythology.

q406

The island of Marajo (mah-RAH-hoh) is located at the mouth of this river which was named by Spanish conquistador Francisco de Orellana (day OH-ray-YAH-nah) for the warrior women of Greek mythology. This river's source lies in the Andes of Peru, but it flows more than 4,000 miles east where it empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Electric eels, anacondas, and piranhas are among the wildlife found in, for 10 points, what river that drains the rainforests of Brazil?

{Amazon} River [accept Rio {Amazonas}]

q43_2

This state contains the Tongass National Forest and the "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes." The Alexander Archipelago is on one side of its "Inside Passage;" on the other side is this state's panhandle.

q43

This state contains the Tongass National Forest and the "Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes." The Alexander Archipelago is on one side of its "Inside Passage;" on the other side is this state's panhandle. The Brooks Range is an extension of the Rocky Mountains into this state. This state's city of Wasilla (wuh-SILL-uh) is a suburb of its largest city, Anchorage. For 10 points, name this largest and northernmost U.S. state.

Alaska

q3979_3

This country's Minister of Defense Dawoud Rajiha [dah-WOOD RAJ-ha] was rumored to be assassinated in May 2012 and was then killed in a July 2012 bombing at Rawda Square. Opposition forces in this country are backed by (*) Turkey, and it has experienced fighting in its cities of Homs and Aleppo. For 10 points, name this country currently led by Bashar al-Assad that has also experienced fighting in its capital of Damascus.

q3979

This country's Minister of Defense Dawoud Rajiha [dah-WOOD RAJ-ha] was rumored to be assassinated in May 2012 and was then killed in a July 2012 bombing at Rawda Square. Opposition forces in this country are backed by (*) Turkey, and it has experienced fighting in its cities of Homs and Aleppo. For 10 points, name this country currently led by Bashar al-Assad that has also experienced fighting in its capital of Damascus.

{Syrian} Arab Republic [or al-{Jumhuriyah} al-Arabiyah as-{Suriyah}]

q3403_2

The carrack Mary Rose sank during the reign of this ruler, who ordered Thomas Cromwell to dissolve the monasteries. Thomas Cranmer was Archbishop of Canterbury under this ruler, who became the supreme head of the Protestant Church of England.

q3403

The carrack Mary Rose sank during the reign of this ruler, who ordered Thomas Cromwell to dissolve the monasteries. Thomas Cranmer was Archbishop of Canterbury under this ruler, who became the supreme head of the Protestant Church of England. After his marriage to a Spanish princess ended, he married Anne Boleyn, but had Anne beheaded in 1536. For 10 points, name this Tudor king with an eventual total of six wives.

{Henry VIII} [prompt on Henry or {Henry} Tudor]

q1359_2

Along with his accomplice David Herold, he was tracked down to the farm of Richard Garrett where he was shot and killed by Boston Corbett. He received medical attention from Dr. Samuel Mudd in the wake of his most famous action, and after jumping from a balcony onto the stage, he famously shouted "sic semper tyrannis" to the crowd at Ford's Theater.

q1359

Along with his accomplice David Herold, he was tracked down to the farm of Richard Garrett where he was shot and killed by Boston Corbett. He received medical attention from Dr. Samuel Mudd in the wake of his most famous action, and after jumping from a balcony onto the stage, he famously shouted "sic semper tyrannis" to the crowd at Ford's Theater. For 10 points, identify this assassin of Abraham Lincoln.

John Wilkes {Booth}

q411_1

This artist did not finish his Cars series, which showed various Mercedes-Benz models.

q411

This artist did not finish his Cars series, which showed various Mercedes-Benz models. This artist created a six-hour film of a man sleeping. Fifty copies of the same image from the movie Niagara were varyingly colored in one of his works, and his studio was known as "The Factory." (*) For 10 points, name this American Pop artist who created a series of portraits of Marilyn Monroe and many paintings of Campbell's soup cans.

Andy {Warhol} [or Andrew {Warhola}]

q2525_6

This building was constructed with help from Hiram (HYE-ruhm), King of Tyre ("TIRE"). It contained two large pillars named Jachin (JAH-hin) and Boaz. It was ostensibly built on Mount Moriah, which is now home to the Dome of the Rock. This building housed the Ark of the Covenant. After it was destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar (NEH-boo-kah-NEZZ-er), it was rebuilt, only to be destroyed again in 70 CE. For 10 points, identify this place of worship first built by Solomon.

q2525

This building was constructed with help from Hiram (HYE-ruhm), King of Tyre ("TIRE"). It contained two large pillars named Jachin (JAH-hin) and Boaz. It was ostensibly built on Mount Moriah, which is now home to the Dome of the Rock. This building housed the Ark of the Covenant. After it was destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar (NEH-boo-kah-NEZZ-er), it was rebuilt, only to be destroyed again in 70 CE. For 10 points, identify this place of worship first built by Solomon.

{temple of Jerusalem} [accept temple of Solomon before "Dome of the Rock;" prompt on temple]

q623_5

This nation's Diogo de Silves discovered the Azores. It split lands with Spain in the Treaty of Tordesillas (tor-day-SEE-yahs). This nation's Henry the Navigator promoted exploration, and its explorers were the first Europeans to round the Cape of Good Hope and sail to India. Those explorers were Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama. For 10 points, name this country that colonized Brazil.

q623

This nation's Diogo de Silves discovered the Azores. It split lands with Spain in the Treaty of Tordesillas (tor-day-SEE-yahs). This nation's Henry the Navigator promoted exploration, and its explorers were the first Europeans to round the Cape of Good Hope and sail to India. Those explorers were Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama. For 10 points, name this country that colonized Brazil.

Portugal

q2436_2

One work by this composer includes the sections "O Death, where is thy sting?" and "I know that my Redeemer liveth." He included two bourrées in a collection of three suites first played on barges on the River Thames for George I. This composer of Water Music composed a fugue on the line "and he shall reign for ever and ever" in a chorus named (*) "Hallelujah."

q2436

One work by this composer includes the sections "O Death, where is thy sting?" and "I know that my Redeemer liveth." He included two bourrées in a collection of three suites first played on barges on the River Thames for George I. This composer of Water Music composed a fugue on the line "and he shall reign for ever and ever" in a chorus named (*) "Hallelujah." For 10 points, name this composer of Messiah.

George Frideric Händel

q1607_1

The line "Such is my love, to thee I so belong" comes from one of these works written to a "Fair Youth."

q1607

The line "Such is my love, to thee I so belong" comes from one of these works written to a "Fair Youth." Hundreds of these works dedicated to Laura are contained in Il Canzoniere by Petrarch, while a "Dark Lady" is the subject of 26 of this type of (*) poem. "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" was one of 154 written by William Shakespeare. For 10 points, name this 14-line poetic form.

sonnet [prompt on \"poem\"; accept Shakesperean sonnet during the first sentence, but do not accept after; do not accept Petrarchan sonnet]

q4657_3

The "abstract" form of this branch of mathematics concerns rings and fields, while the "linear" form concerns matrices. The elementary form of it introduces variables to represent numbers in expressions and equations. For 10 points, identify this branch of mathematics concerned with finding solutions for various types of equations, including quadratics and systems of equations.

q4657

The "abstract" form of this branch of mathematics concerns rings and fields, while the "linear" form concerns matrices. The elementary form of it introduces variables to represent numbers in expressions and equations. For 10 points, identify this branch of mathematics concerned with finding solutions for various types of equations, including quadratics and systems of equations.

algebra

q3076_4

The announcement of this object's existence was hinted at by a shadow on invitations to an event at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. Disputes over strict quality control demands threatened production at the Foxconn facility that manufactures it. This device comes with EarPods and introduced the (*) Lightning connector, as well as a longer screen than its predecessor, the 4S. For 10 points, name this latest version of Apple's cell phone product.

q3076

The announcement of this object's existence was hinted at by a shadow on invitations to an event at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. Disputes over strict quality control demands threatened production at the Foxconn facility that manufactures it. This device comes with EarPods and introduced the (*) Lightning connector, as well as a longer screen than its predecessor, the 4S. For 10 points, name this latest version of Apple's cell phone product.

{iPhone}

q132_3

Pablo Neruda wrote several "Elementary" poems of this type to common objects. One type of this poetic form contains three stanzas, the first two of which are the strophe (STRO-fee) and antistrophe (ann-TISS-tro-fee). That type was invented by Pindar, who along with Horace is a namesake of a type of this poem.

q132

Pablo Neruda wrote several "Elementary" poems of this type to common objects. One type of this poetic form contains three stanzas, the first two of which are the strophe (STRO-fee) and antistrophe (ann-TISS-tro-fee). That type was invented by Pindar, who along with Horace is a namesake of a type of this poem. For 10 points, name this poem of praise, examples of which include John Keats's "to a Nightingale" and Friedrich Schiller's "to Joy."

ode

q712_2

The European cuckoo is a brood example of this type of bird, and mistletoe is a common plant of this type. Trypanosomes (trih-PAN-oh-soams), which cause sleeping sickness, are one of many protist species of this type, and the blood fluke is this kind of worm that uses a snail as an intermediate host.

q712

The European cuckoo is a brood example of this type of bird, and mistletoe is a common plant of this type. Trypanosomes (trih-PAN-oh-soams), which cause sleeping sickness, are one of many protist species of this type, and the blood fluke is this kind of worm that uses a snail as an intermediate host. For 10 points, name these organisms, like ticks and tapeworms, that feed in or on the body of another organism, harming it in the process.

parasite [or parasitic]

q1384_2

This man sits between Liberty and Victory in a fresco by Constantino Brumidi on the inside of the U.S. Capitol Rotunda. The iconic portrait of this man was painted by Gilbert Stuart.

q1384

This man sits between Liberty and Victory in a fresco by Constantino Brumidi on the inside of the U.S. Capitol Rotunda. The iconic portrait of this man was painted by Gilbert Stuart. In a painting by Emmanuel Leutze, he faces left and holds his hand over his heart as he stands up on a boat. For 10 points, name this U.S. President painted crossing the Delaware River, whose portrait appears on the one dollar bill.

George Washington

q96_2

In this work, Fedallah's three prophecies come true, including the main character's death by hemp rope. The protagonist uses a gold doubloon to gain his men's support, but in the end, the coffee-addicted Starbuck dies, as do Tashtego and Queequeg.

q96

In this work, Fedallah's three prophecies come true, including the main character's death by hemp rope. The protagonist uses a gold doubloon to gain his men's support, but in the end, the coffee-addicted Starbuck dies, as do Tashtego and Queequeg. The Rachel rescues the only survivor of the Pequod, Ishmael, who narrates this novel. For 10 points, name this novel featuring Captain Ahab, written by Herman Melville.

{Moby Dick,} or {The Whale}