Datasets:
miwytt
/
arXivEdits_edits

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
id
int64
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599
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2 values
sentence-pair-index
int64
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599
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edits-combination-2
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arxiv-id
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9
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sentence-1-level
int64
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sentence-2-level
int64
2
6
100
easy
100
We ran 1000 of these higher resolution featureless simulations and found that applying both log and linear spaced templates showed the measured ( data ) improvements are in the 90-94 percentile range ( see Fig. [REF] ) .
We ran 1000 of these higher resolution featureless simulations and found that applying both log and linear spaced templates showed the measured ( data ) improvements are in the 90-94 percentile range .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [32, 37], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1308.3705
2
3
101
easy
101
We also present no-go results showing for two parties each holding 4 Majoranas , all experimental statistics can be produced by a local hidden variable theory .
We also present no-go results showing for two parties holding 4 Majoranas each , all experimental statistics can be produced by a local hidden variable theory .
{}
{}
{}
1305.1953
1
2
102
easy
102
We refer to these new losses as sLL and sLLCAS .
We refer to these new losses as sLL and sKL .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}}
{}
{}
1706.04499
1
2
103
easy
103
Equation [REF] is usually refered in the literature as the sinc approximation .
Equation [REF] is usually referred to in the literature as the sinc approximation .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [4, 5], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [4, 6]}}
{}
{}
1408.1779
1
2
104
easy
104
Our proof in Section [REF] follows very similar lines to [CITATION] , which is inspired by Nesterov ( see for instance [CITATION] ) .
Our proof in Section [REF] follows very similar lines to [CITATION] , which is inspired by Nesterov [CITATION] .
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{}
{}
1803.05578
1
2
105
easy
105
The tensor/scalar ratio [MATH] shows a different behaviour .
The tensor/scalar ratio [MATH] shows a different pattern .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 8], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}
{}
{}
1510.04030
2
3
106
easy
106
Indeed , by denoting the Bell states as [EQUATION] it can be straightforwardly proved that such a local measurement setting allows to estimate the vector [MATH] pertaining to the projectors onto the following inequivalent bases [EQUATION] with [MATH] real and such that [MATH] .
Furthermore , by denoting the Bell states as [EQUATION] it can be straightforwardly proved that the local measurement settings [MATH] allow to estimate the vector [MATH] pertaining to the projectors onto the following inequivalent bases [EQUATION] with [MATH] real and such that [MATH] .
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{}
{}
1510.00219
1
2
107
easy
107
We use the linear matter power spectrum multiplied by the halo bias from [CITATION] .
For [MATH] , we use the linear matter power spectrum multiplied by the halo bias from [CITATION] .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 3]}}
{}
{}
1907.06611
1
2
108
easy
108
In order to see whether this happens or not , we consider the action without [MATH] and [MATH] for simplicity [EQUATION]
To see whether this happens really or not , we consider the action without [MATH] and [MATH] for simplicity [EQUATION]
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{}
{}
1307.8312
1
2
109
easy
109
Milnor 's work tells us in [CITATION] ( see also [CITATION] ) that there is an epimorphism [EQUATION] where [MATH] denotes the ring produced by the unoriented bordism classes of all smooth closed manifolds , and [MATH] .
Milnor 's work tells us in [CITATION] ( see also [CITATION] ) that there is an epimorphism [EQUATION] here [MATH] denotes the ring produced by the unoriented bordism classes of all smooth closed manifolds , which was studied clearly by Rene Thom [CITATION] , and [MATH] .
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{}
{}
1310.3933
2
3
110
easy
110
For each spectra of the [MATH] CO data cube a Gaussian line profile was fitted .
For each spectra of the [MATH] CO data cube , a Gaussian line profile was fitted .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}}
{}
{}
1308.6112
1
2
111
easy
111
Despite the challenges , due to the practical interest in weather prediction , several techniques , able to process massive datasets , have been devised and implemented operationally in weather forecasting centres worldwide .
Despite the challenges , due to the practical interest in weather prediction , several techniques , able to process massive datasets , have been devised and implemented operationally in weather forecasting centers worldwide .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [31, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [31, 32]}}
{}
{}
1710.11529
1
2
112
easy
112
Concerning external validity , this study only targets open source projects written in Java .
Concerning external validity , this study only targets five open source projects written in Java .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}
{}
{}
1812.07170
1
2
113
easy
113
For each such commands , we compute the appropriate cost functions .
For each such command , we compute the appropriate cost functions .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}
{}
{}
1707.02387
2
3
114
easy
114
Especially popular is the spring-block model or the Burridge-Knopoff ( BK ) model [CITATION] , in which an earthquake fault is modeled as an assembly of blocks mutually connected via elastic springs of the spring constant [MATH] which are subject to the friction force and are slowly driven by an external force mimicking the plate drive via another springs of the spring constant [MATH] .
Especially popular is the spring-block model or the Burridge-Knopoff ( BK ) model [CITATION] , in which an earthquake fault is modeled as an assembly of blocks mutually connected via elastic springs which are subject to the friction force and are slowly driven by an external force mimicking the plate drive .
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{}
{}
1401.3247
1
2
115
easy
115
Fig. [REF] shows an example of a Chimera-RBM ( a ) and a possible embedding of the pixels of an image into its visible units ( b ) .
Fig. [REF] ( a ) shows an example of a Chimera-RBM and Fig. [REF] ( b ) shows a possible embedding of the pixels of an image into its visible units ( cf. Ref. [CITATION] ) .
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{}
{}
1510.07611
2
3
116
easy
116
In the random case , [MATH] is taken either as Bernoulli matrix having entries [MATH] with equal probability , or a Gaussian matrix consisting of i.i.d . [MATH] -Gaussian random variables in each entry .
In the random case , [MATH] is taken either as Bernoulli matrix having entries [MATH] appearing with equal probability , or a Gaussian matrix consisting of i.i.d . [MATH] -Gaussian random variables in each entry .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}}
{}
{}
1805.01605
1
2
117
easy
117
The good agreement shows that the theory is able to describe the two partial cross sections separately , without the need of some extra parameter .
The good agreement shows that the theory is able to describe the two partial cross sections separately , without the need of some extra parameter , and in agreement with isospin symmetry .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 32]}}
{}
{}
1712.00969
1
2
118
easy
118
We call such a semi-metal phase with broken time-reversal symmetry a fractionalized ferromagnetic semi-metal ( fFM-SM ) .
We call such a semi-metal phase with broken time reversal symmetry a fractionalized ferromagnetic semi-metal ( F-FMSM ) .
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{}
{}
1811.00021
1
2
119
easy
119
Such a quadratic function corresponds to a gas-like vacuum .
Such a quadratic function corresponds to a gas-like vacuum [CITATION] .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 10]}}
{}
{}
0806.2805
1
2
120
easy
120
For each PE and list separately , [MATH] objects are sampled from the result of the preceding multiselection .
For each PE and list [MATH] separately , [MATH] objects are sampled from [MATH] .
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{}
{}
1502.03942
1
2
121
easy
121
Two-body radiative decays can serve as a natural filter to exclude spin-0 candidates of Z particle , as the photon can only be transversely polarized .
Two-body radiative decays can serve as a natural filter to exclude spin-0 candidates of Z particles , as the photon can only be transversely polarized .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [15, 16], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [15, 16]}}
{}
{}
0711.0497
1
2
122
easy
122
The event selection efficiency is detector-module dependent and energy-dependant .
The event selection efficiency is mainly due to energy-dependent .
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{}
{}
1604.01825
1
2
123
easy
123
For example , the graphs Fig. [REF] ( a ) - ( e ) have a single vertex [MATH] , which couples together [MATH] projectile and [MATH] target cut " fans " .
For example , the graphs Fig. [REF] ( a ) - ( e ) have a single vertex [MATH] , which couples together [MATH] projectile and [MATH] target fan-like cut " net fans " .
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{}
{}
hep-ph-0612175
1
2
124
easy
124
Thus , this effect together with the correction to the Higgs mass lead us to argue that there is some alleviation of the fine tuning problem existing in the MSSM .
Thus , this effect together with the correction to the Higgs mass lead us to argue that there is some alleviation of the fine tuning problem existing in the MSSM with mGMSB .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [30, 32]}}
{}
{}
1310.6369
3
4
125
easy
125
In this paper we investigate the nonparametric estimation in continuous-state branching processes with immigration .
In this paper we investigate the nonparametric estimation in continuous-state branching processes with immigration ( CBI-processes ) .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 17]}}
{}
{}
1310.4021
1
2
126
easy
126
The mini-batch settings and proximal settings are also straightforward extensions of our current work .
The proximal settings are also straightforward extensions of our current work .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1609.03261
1
2
127
easy
127
It would be interesting to investigate what is the impact of this noise in contrast to that due to the estimation of the log-likelihood gradient with a finite number of samples .
It would be interesting to investigate what the impact of this noise is in contrast to that due to the estimation of the log-likelihood gradient with a finite number of samples .
{}
{}
{}
1510.07611
3
4
128
easy
128
Our flux is a factor of 1.7 larger than that reported by [CITATION] .
Our flux is a factor of 1.6 larger than that reported by [CITATION] .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [6, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}}
{}
{}
1402.4794
1
2
129
easy
129
This obstacle may be overcome using isospin symmetry [CITATION] , which incorporates electroweak penguin contributions at a percent level [CITATION] but does not include small isospin breaking effects .
This obstacle may be overcome using isospin symmetry [CITATION] , which incorporates electroweak penguin contributions at a percent level [CITATION] but does not include small isospin breaking effects [CITATION] .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 29]}}
{}
{}
hep-ph-0410170
2
3
130
easy
130
For [MATH] , let [MATH] be a test function with [MATH] and [MATH] with [MATH] and [MATH] .
For [MATH] , let [MATH] be a test function with [MATH] , the space of smooth functions vanishing at infinity , [MATH] , and [MATH] with [MATH] and [MATH] defined in the following way [EQUATION]
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{}
{}
0811.3360
1
2
131
easy
131
The recent identification of the perpendicular mode of radio polarization as the primary one in the Vela pulsar by Lai et al ( 2001 ) is interpreted in terms of the maser mechanism proposed by Luo Melrose ( 1995 ) .
The recent identification of the perpendicular mode of radio polarization as the primary one in the Vela pulsar by Lai et al. ( 2001 ) is interpreted in terms of the maser mechanism proposed by Luo Melrose ( 1995 ) .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [21, 22]}}
{}
{}
astro-ph-0107382
1
2
132
easy
132
First , it does not depend on the parameter [MATH] of the matter EOS .
First , it does not depend on the parameter [MATH] of the matter EOS ( that is , the asymptotic solution appears to act as an " attractor , " which is also confirmed by the numerical results in the next subsection ) .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 43]}}
{}
{}
0806.2805
1
2
133
easy
133
For meson structure , this leads to a Hamiltonian with two channels - the ordinary valence quark channel and a new sea quark channel , which is an extension of the quark potential model .
For meson structure , this leads to a Hamiltonian with two channels - the ordinary valence quark channel and a new non-valence quark channel , which is an extension of the quark potential model .
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{}
{}
hep-ph-0306213
1
2
134
easy
134
On the other hand , the advantages of using a single fit , and the equivalence of the results obtained with the single fit and the cells-on-objects technique , are evident .
On the other hand , the advantages of using a single fit , and the equivalence of the results obtained with the single-fit and the cells-on-objects techniques , are evident .
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{}
{}
1505.02516
3
4
135
easy
135
Furthermore , we study the Gibbs function and find characteristic swallow tail behavior , which indicates there is the phase transition .
Furthermore , we study the Gibbs function and find its characteristic swallow tail behavior , which indicates the phase transition .
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{}
{}
1806.00361
1
2
136
easy
136
A cell seeded in a 3D matrix initially applies tensile tractions to the matrix by undergoing uniform isotropic contraction while in an essentially spherical state .
A cell seeded in a 3D matrix initially applies tensile tractions to the fibers by undergoing uniform isotropic contraction while in an essentially spherical state .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}}
{}
{}
1407.3510
1
2
137
easy
137
These solitonic solutions are naturally related to cosmological solutions by the so called DW/cosmology duality , a sort of analytic continuation , which maps the soliton in a FRW solution [CITATION] .
These solitonic solutions are naturally related to cosmological solutions by the so-called DW/cosmology duality , a sort of analytic continuation , which maps the soliton in a FRW solution [CITATION] .
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{}
{}
1510.04030
2
3
138
easy
138
We also remark that the synchronous DGL has favorable memory usage compared to DDG and to the DNI method .
Although not our focus , the single worker version of DGL has favorable memory usage compared to standard backprop training .
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{}
{}
1901.08164
1
2
139
easy
139
One important part of their quantitative arguments is to show the absence of eigenvalues if the frequency can be approximated by a rational number well ( Gordon type potential in one dimension ) , which improved the previous results [CITATION] , obtaining sharp thresholds for the smallness of small denominators in terms of the Lyapunov exponents .
The quantitative arguments for discrete case is to show the absence of eigenvalues if the frequency can be approximated by a rational number well ( Gordon type potential in one dimension ) , which improved the previous results [CITATION] , obtaining sharp thresholds for the smallness of small denominators in terms of the Lyapunov exponents .
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{}
{}
1709.05614
1
2
140
easy
140
We should point out however that these results hold only in the semiclassical diffusion approximation , i.e. , only in the leading order with respect to the inverse conductance [MATH] , which is an independent parameter of the model .
We should point out however that this result holds only in the semiclassical diffusion approximation , i.e. , only in the leading order with respect to the inverse conductance [MATH] , which is an independent parameter of the model .
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{}
{}
cond-mat-0601677
1
2
141
easy
141
For [MATH] fixed , there exists [MATH] such that [MATH] , then [REF] reads [EQUATION] .
As there exists [MATH] such that [MATH] , then [REF] reads [EQUATION]
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{}
{}
1112.4147
1
2
142
easy
142
In this work we propose a strategy to overcome one of the main limitations when intending to use a quantum annealer to sample from Boltzmann distributions : the determination of effective temperatures in quantum annealers .
In this work we proposed a strategy to overcome one of the main limitations when intending to use a quantum annealer to sample from Boltzmann distributions : the determination of effective temperatures .
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{}
{}
1510.07611
2
3
143
easy
143
In order to calculate two-body scattering processes with charge or mass transfer , we generalize the formalism to include an additional scattering channel .
In order to calculate two-body scattering processes with charge or mass transfer , we can generalize the formalism to include an additional scattering channel .
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{}
{}
1309.2616
1
2
144
easy
144
Finally , we qualitatively evaluate our approach on the MPII Human Pose dataset [CITATION] to see success and failure cases in a challenging domain adaptation scenario .
Then , we qualitatively evaluate our approach on the more challenging MPII Human Pose dataset [CITATION] .
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{}
{}
1701.01370
1
2
145
easy
145
To present our convergence results , we define the Lyapunov function : [EQUATION] for [EQUATION]
We define the Lyapunov function : [EQUATION]
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{}
{}
1803.05578
1
2
146
easy
146
Thus ensuring all the classes used are outside the fold used in the test phase .
Thus ensuring all the classes used are outside the fold used in the evaluation phase .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 14]}}
{}
{}
1902.11123
3
4
147
easy
147
For example a local detuning of the laser field could induce a rapidly oscillating gauge field .
For example , a local detuning of the laser field could induce a rapidly oscillating gauge field .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}}
{}
{}
1106.6035
1
2
148
easy
148
With the aid of Lemma [REF] , it follows that [EQUATION] that is , [EQUATION]
By the monotonicity result in Lemma [REF] , it follows that [EQUATION] that is , [EQUATION]
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 5]}}
{}
{}
1312.0576
1
2
149
easy
149
In all the confidence intervals , I use 5,000 bootstraps repetitions .
All the confidence intervals use 5,000 bootstrap repetitions .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 1], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 7]}}
{}
{}
1511.04162
1
2
150
easy
150
A generalized real Bott manifold of is the total space [MATH] of an iterated fiber bundle : [EQUATION] where each [MATH] is the projectivization of a Whitney sum of [MATH] real line bundles over [MATH] .
A generalized real Bott manifold is the total space [MATH] of an iterated fiber bundle : [EQUATION] where each [MATH] is the projectivization of a Whitney sum of [MATH] real line bundles over [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1310.3933
2
3
151
easy
151
We chose to combine the assemblies from the Tophat1-Cufflinks assembly pipeline , that resulted in 1300 more transcript fragements corresponding to an cumulative increase of nearly 0.5million nt in length .
This resulted in 1300 more transcript fragements corresponding to an cumulative increase of nearly 0.5million nt in length .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}
{}
{}
1305.6259
1
2
152
easy
152
However , this improvement is probably not significant , in view of the estimated 5 relative error .
However , this improvement is probably not significant , in view of the estimated 5 relative error and the neglect of the different numbers of neutrons .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 26]}}
{}
{}
nucl-ex-0701003
1
2
153
easy
153
We constrain the most likely range of masses for the Milky Way and M31 using an application of the Numerical Action Method ( NAM ) that optimizes the fit to observed parameters over a large ensemble of NAM-generated solutions .
We constrain the most likely range of masses for the Milky Way ( MW ) and M31 using an application of the numerical action method ( NAM ) that optimizes the fit to observed parameters over a large ensemble of NAM-generated solutions .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 25]}}
{}
{}
1306.4013
1
2
154
easy
154
Figure [REF] shows the run-time performance of optimized substrings .
Figure [REF] shows the run-time behavior of optimized substrings as a function of dataset size .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 15]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 6]}}
{}
{}
1307.2982
2
3
155
easy
155
To minimize random error from the random catalog , [MATH] should be used .
To minimize random error from the random catalog , [MATH] should be used ( for a different approach , see [CITATION] ) .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 22]}}
{}
{}
1905.01133
1
2
156
easy
156
Specific elements in the definition of accelerating fields , as it will become clear in the next section , distinguish them from the massive fields .
Specific elements in the definition of accelerating fields distinguish them from the massive fields .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1712.05206
1
2
157
easy
157
Of all phonon modes [MATH] of the supercell obtained with our first-principles approach [CITATION] , those with Pb character are taken into account , see Fig. 3 and 4 in Ref. [REF] .
Of all phonon modes [MATH] of the supercell obtained with our first-principles approach [CITATION] , those with Pb character are taken into account , see Fig. 6 in Ref. [REF] .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 29], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 27]}}
{}
{}
1908.06119
1
2
158
easy
158
Conversely , for the same physical system , different choices can be made for the time-scales that are mapped to physical values .
Conversely , for the same physical system , different choices can be made for the time-scales that are mapped to physical values , but by design , not all time-scales can be simultaneously resolved .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [22, 34]}}
{}
{}
cond-mat-0603391
1
2
159
easy
159
Nevertheless , we may consider possibilities of that kind by combining multiple alignments as described in B ( Section 7.8.7 ) .
Nevertheless , we may consider possibilities of that kind by combining multiple alignments as described in BK ( Section 7.8.7 ) .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}
{}
{}
1306.3888
1
2
160
easy
160
Assuming that the TeV gamma-ray production region is located at a distance from the companion star of [MATH] cm ( i.e. the binary system size ) , and taking into account that gamma-rays are produced in deep Klein-Nishina ( KN ) regime with significantly suppressed cross-section , for the well known luminosity of the optical star [MATH] , one can estimate quite robustly the strength of the emitter magnetic field .
Assuming that the TeV gamma-ray production region is located at a distance from the companion star of [MATH] cm ( i.e. the binary system size ) , and taking into account that gamma-rays are produced in the deep Klein-Nishina ( KN ) regime with significantly suppressed cross-section , for the well known luminosity of the optical star [MATH] , one can estimate quite robustly the strength of the magnetic field in the emission region .
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{}
{}
0812.3358
1
2
161
easy
161
Up to 70 drop is expected when an atom is coupled to the band edge mode of a photonic crystal waveguide as recently demonstrated in an experiment [CITATION] ; similar feedback can also be achieved by coupling to a resonator of high quality factor and moderate mode volume [CITATION] .
Up to 70 drop is expected when an atom is coupled to the band edge mode of a photonic crystal waveguide as recently demonstrated in an experiment [CITATION] .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [28, 49], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1810.08769
1
2
162
easy
162
In the PandaX-I detector , both S1 and S2 light collections are dominated by the bottom 3-in PMTs , read out by five V1724 modules , each with its own 100 MHz MAJ output ( Sec. [REF] ) .
In the PandaX-I detector , both S1 and S2 light collections are dominated by the bottom 3-inch PMTs , read out by five V1724 modules , each with its own 100 MHz MAJ output ( Sec. [REF] ) .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}
{}
{}
1602.00858
1
2
163
easy
163
These are the dotted lines in the bottom panels of figures [REF] and [REF] .
These are the dotted lines in the bottom panels of figures [REF] through [REF] .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [12, 13], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [12, 13]}}
{}
{}
1007.1599
1
2
164
easy
164
Degradation of an undulator brightness is determined by its local optics distortion which can be evaluated with Eq. [REF] .
Degradation of an undulatorís brightness is determined by its local optics distortion which can be evaluated with Eq. [REF] .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 4]}}
{}
{}
1904.05683
2
3
165
easy
165
Now we present the basic setup and some materials in random dynamical systems .
We now present some basics of random dynamical systems .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 10], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [3, 6]}}
{}
{}
math-0607050
1
2
166
easy
166
If we can apply a similarity transform involving the inverse square root of the norm matrix , [MATH] , then in the new basis the adiabatic Hamiltonian is Hermitian , [EQUATION]
If we apply a similarity transform involving the inverse square root of the norm matrix , [MATH] , then in the new basis the adiabatic Hamiltonian is Hermitian , [EQUATION]
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1309.2616
1
2
167
easy
167
This occurs when ( and only when ) the conserved density is a total [MATH] -derivative and the flux is a total [MATH] -derivative , related by [EQUATION] for all formal solutions [MATH] of equation [REF] , where [MATH] is some function of [MATH] , [MATH] , [MATH] and derivatives of [MATH] .
This occurs when ( and only when ) the conserved density is a total [MATH] -derivative and the flux is a total [MATH] -derivative , related by [EQUATION] for all solutions [MATH] of equation [REF] , where [MATH] is some function of [MATH] , [MATH] , [MATH] and derivatives of [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [30, 31], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1412.4415
1
2
168
easy
168
In this paper , we clarify some middle ground between these two results by eliminating involutions from simple groups of finite Morley rank which are definable embedded in a linear group over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero , and are not Zariski closed themselves .
In this paper , we clarify some middle ground between these two results by eliminating involutions from simple groups which are definably embedded in a linear group over an algebraically closed field in a structure of finite Morley rank , and which are not Zariski closed themselves .
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{}
{}
0801.3958
1
2
169
easy
169
The modulation characteristics of the current [MATH] with gate voltage also change at this point from being 2e-periodic for [MATH] V to e-periodic for [MATH] V .
The modulation characteristics of the current [MATH] with gate voltage also changes at this point from being 2e-periodic for [MATH] V to e-periodic for [MATH] V .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [11, 12]}}
{}
{}
cond-mat-0305190
1
2
170
easy
170
As observed in that paper , this leaves open the question of whether tight quantum teleportation is possible in the case of a finite group of reference frame transformations .
As observed in that paper , this leaves open the question of whether quantum teleportation is possible in the case of a finite group of reference frame transformations , without additional resources or prior communication .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [28, 35]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
1603.08866
2
3
171
easy
171
The large emittance is often affecting the transmission of the ions in the beam line and depending on the requirements of the experimental setup cooling may be required .
The large emittance is often affecting the transmission of the ions in the beam line and , depending on the requirements of the experimental setup , cooling may be required .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [25, 26]}}
{}
{}
0709.3670
1
2
172
easy
172
In particular , we have finished an analogy between the charged AdS black holes in the rainbow gravity in extending phase space and the liquid-gas system .
In particular , an analogy between the charged AdS black holes in the rainbow gravity and the liquid-gas system is discussed .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [3, 6], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 21]}}
{}
{}
1806.00361
1
2
173
easy
173
The solutions are characterized by the condition [MATH] for which the late time solution is [MATH] .
The solutions are characterized by the condition [MATH] for which the late time ( fixed point ) solution is [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [13, 17]}}
{}
{}
gr-qc-0601086
2
3
174
easy
174
The most plausible scenario for the magnetic intensity lies in between scenarios B and C in Figs. [REF] and [REF] .
The most plausible scenario for the magnetic intensity lies in between scenarios B and C in Fig. [REF] .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [16, 17], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [16, 17]}}
{}
{}
1710.08173
2
3
175
easy
175
A set-constraint atom is a constraint of the form [MATH] .
A set constraint atom is a constraint of the form [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 2], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 3]}}
{}
{}
1905.09423
1
2
176
easy
176
[MATH] is the normalized masked proxy for class [MATH] , [MATH] is the previously learned 1x1 convolutional filter at resolution [MATH] , while [MATH] is the adapted one .
Here [MATH] is the normalized masked proxy for class [MATH] , [MATH] is the previously learned 1x1 convolutional filter at resolution [MATH] , [MATH] is the updated [MATH] .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Lang-improve-readability-Simplify', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [22, 23], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [26, 28], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [26, 28]}}
{}
{}
1902.11123
3
4
177
easy
177
But transport of a physical charge around a non-trivial cycle does not leave the field strength invariant , and so the probe charge is an inadequate description .
But transport of a physical charge around a nontrivial cycle does not leave the field strength invariant , and so the probe charge is an inadequate description .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}}
{}
{}
1211.4024
2
3
178
easy
178
Already in 1988 Mellier et al. ( 1988 ) , by analysing the isopleths within a 2-D map of the cluster had suggested the existence of [MATH] density peaks .
Under this respect , it is worth mentioning that already in 1988 Mellier et al. ( 1988 ) , by analysing the isopleths within a 2-D map of the cluster had suggested the possible existence of [MATH] density peaks .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 9]}, '1': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [33, 34]}}
{}
{}
astro-ph-9701224
1
2
179
easy
179
The above methods can not be trivially extended to continue adaptation whilst processing a continuous stream of data with multiple classes .
They can not be trivially extended to continue adaptation whilst processing a continuous stream of data with multiple classes .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-other', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [0, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [0, 1]}}
{}
{}
1902.11123
3
4
180
easy
180
For a small number of coil activations ( see Fig. [REF] ) the random schemes outperform the deterministic scheme for the Smiley-phantom and tumor phantom .
For a small number of coil activations the random schemes slightly outperform the deterministic scheme for the smiley-phantom and tumor phantom .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [7, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [21, 22], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [17, 18]}}
{}
{}
1805.01605
1
2
181
easy
181
Capturing the joint statistics of different components of the SOA likelihood is key to modeling intra-class variability of objects or scene categories .
Capturing the joint statistics of different components of the SOA likelihood is key to modeling intra-class variability of object or scene categories .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 19], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 19]}}
{}
{}
1412.6607
3
4
182
easy
182
The polarized neutron diffraction experiment we discuss here is very challenging [CITATION] .
The PND experiment we discuss here is very challenging [CITATION] .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 2]}}
{}
{}
1710.08173
1
2
183
easy
183
All tests have been run using ideal ( i.e. synthetic and symmetric ) PSFs and kernels .
All tests were run using ideal ( i.e. synthetic and symmetric ) PSFs and kernels .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [2, 4], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [2, 3]}}
{}
{}
1505.02516
3
4
184
easy
184
Using that reference , the minimum resolvable timing jitter of a fs-pulse train at an analysis frequency [MATH] is in 1Hz resolution bandwidth : [EQUATION]
Using this formalism , the minimum resolvable timing jitter of a fs-pulse train is at 1Hz resolution bandwidth and an analysis frequency [MATH] : [EQUATION]
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [1, 3], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [1, 3]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 20], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [14, 15]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [13, 14], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [18, 19]}}
{}
{}
1401.3528
1
2
185
easy
185
Our approach makes use of the fact that the asymmetry depends in first order only on the shower geometry , which can be reconstructed independent from the LDF by arrival time measurements .
Our approach makes use of the fact that the asymmetry to first order only depends on the shower geometry , which can be reconstructed independently from the LDF by arrival time measurements .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [11, 12], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [10, 11]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [24, 25], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [24, 25]}}
{}
{}
1509.05652
1
2
186
easy
186
Lartillot and Philippe ( 2006 ) discuss very similar ideas in the phylogenetics literature , although using Simpson 's rule for the numerical integration ; they use equally spaced temperatures between 0 and 1 .
Lartillot and Philippe ( 2006 ) discuss very similar ideas in the phylogenetics literature , although using Simpson 's rule for the numerical integration ; they use equally spaced inverse temperatures between 0 and 1 .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [29, 30]}}
{}
{}
1209.3198
1
2
187
easy
187
Finally , by analyzing all arguments in this paper , the time-varying posterior matching scheme approach might be applied for other Gaussian and non-Gaussian multiuser channels to achieve optimal performances .
Finally , by analyzing all arguments in the theorem I , the time-varying posterior matching scheme approach in this paper might be applied for other Gaussian and non-Gaussian multiuser channels to achieve optimal performances .
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [6, 10]}}
{}
{}
1204.4249
3
4
188
easy
188
One also defines the partial spectral functions [CITATION] : [EQUATION]
One also defines the partial spectral functions as [CITATION] : [EQUATION]
{'0': {'type': 'Insertion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': None, 'sentence-2-token-indices': [7, 8]}}
{}
{}
1712.00969
1
2
189
easy
189
In this letter we report the first experimental observation of the cooling of a mirror by feedback control via radiation pressure .
In this letter we report the first experimental observation of the cooling of a mirror by feedback control .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [18, 21], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}}
{}
{}
quant-ph-9903094
1
2
190
easy
190
The companion is thus not the source of either the red or blue broad line systems ; SDSS J153636.22+044127.0 can not be explained as a chance superposition of objects , or as an ejected black hole .
The companion is thus not the source of either the red or blue broad line systems ; SDSS J153636.22+044127.0 is highly unlikely to be a chance superposition of objects or an ejected black hole .
{'0': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Format', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [29, 30], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '1': {'type': 'Deletion', 'intention': 'Improve-grammar-Typo', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [31, 32], 'sentence-2-token-indices': None}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-accurate-spefific', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [19, 24], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [19, 24]}}
{}
{}
0906.0020
1
2
191
easy
191
This enables the output of our contexter to vary according to the target-side translation history .
This enables the output of the RNN to change in accordance with the target-side translation history .
{'0': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Content', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [5, 7], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [5, 7]}, '1': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [8, 9], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [8, 9]}, '2': {'type': 'Substitute', 'intention': 'Lang-professional-Improve-style', 'sentence-1-token-indices': [9, 11], 'sentence-2-token-indices': [9, 12]}}
{}
{}
1607.08725
1
2
192
easy
192
This nice feature does not hold true anymore once we have non-trivial lateral connections in one of the layers , which is the concept behind more powerful general BMs , and where we think it is one for the most promising direction to explore with the quantum-assisted training ( QuAT ) algorithms .
This feature does not hold true anymore once we have non-trivial lateral connections in one of the layers , which is the concept behind more powerful Boltzmann machines .
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{}
{}
1510.07611
2
3
193
easy
193
The redshifts for 243 galaxies have been kindly provided us by the new redshifts survey by CD96 .
The redshifts for 243 galaxies have been kindly provided to us in electronic form by J. Colless and come from the new redshifts survey by CD96 .
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{}
{}
astro-ph-9701224
1
2
194
easy
194
Hence we conclude that the wave functions we use are sufficiently realistic and can be used for the calculation of the transparency in the [MATH] reactions .
Hence we conclude that the wave functions we use are sufficiently realistic to estimate the integral quantity entering the denominator of ( [REF] ) in the calculation of the transparency in the [MATH] reactions .
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{}
{}
hep-ph-0011088
1
2
195
easy
195
Among all the Faceness-Net variants , Faceness-Net-SP-RP achieves the best performance with a high average precision of [MATH] .
Among all the Faceness-Net variants , Faceness-Net-SP-TP achieves the best performance with a high average precision of [MATH] .
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{}
{}
1701.08393
1
2
196
easy
196
As mentioned , practical detection , if any , would become possible only in the acceleration phase .
Practical detection , if any , would become possible in the acceleration phase .
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{}
{}
1401.3247
1
2
197
easy
197
A scatter plot ( not shown ) shows no clear trend , but a slight preponderance of positive Poynting fluxes is ( barely ) discernible .
A scatter plot of signed [MATH] with [MATH] ( not shown ) shows no clear trend , but a slight preponderance of positive Poynting fluxes is ( barely ) discernible .
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{}
{}
1402.4794
1
2
198
easy
198
The absolue values of the cell parameters , however , depend linearly on the strontium content [MATH] , in agreement with Vegard 's law ( see Fig. [REF] ) .
The absolute values of the cell parameters depend linearly on the strontium content x , in agreement with Vegard 's law ( see Fig. [REF] ) .
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{}
{}
1302.2461
2
3
199
easy
199
In this paper , using the same approach as Ofer Shayevitz and Meir Feder used for point-to-point memoryless channels , we propose a posterior matching based encoding and decoding strategy for real Gaussian MAC channels , referred to as a time-varying posterior matching scheme , analyze the error probabilities for all encoding-decoding schemes designed by using these strategies .
In this paper , using the same approach as Ofer Shayevitz and Meir Feder used for point-to-point memoryless channels , we propose a posterior matching based encoding and decoding strategy for the real Gaussian MAC channel , referred to as a time-varying posterior matching scheme , analyze the error probabilities for all encoding-decoding schemes designed by using these strategies .
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{}
{}
1204.4249
2
3