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Not a week goes by there isn't some story about endangered newspapers or layoffs in the broadcasting and entertainment industry. Now there's bad news from the world of publishing, where major houses have laid off staff, restructured management, limited the number of manuscripts they buy. Charlotte Abbott is a contributing editor for Publishers Weekly and joins us from New York. Thanks so much for being with us.

not a week goes by there isn't some story about endangered newspapers or, layoffs; in the broadcasting and entertainment industry now, there's bad news from the world of publishing where major houses have laid off staff restructured management limited. the number of manuscripts, they buy charlotte abbott is a contributing editor for publishers weekly and joins. us. from new york thanks so much for being with

Not a week goes by there isn't some, story about; endangered newspapers or, layoffs in the broadcasting and entertainment industry Now, there's bad news from the world, of publishing where major houses have laid off staff restructured management. limited the number of manuscripts they, buy Charlotte Abbott is a contributing editor; for Publishers Weekly and joins us from New York Thanks so much for being with

not a week goes by there isn't some story about endangered newspapers or layoffs in the broadcasting and entertainment industry. now there's bad news from the world of publishing, where major houses have laid off staff, restructured management, limited the number of manuscripts they buy. charlotte abbott is a contributing editor for publishers weekly and joins us from new york. thanks so much for being with us.

Thanks for having me, Scott.

thanks for having me

Thanks. for having. me

thanks for having me, scott.

So, what's business like this year?

so what's business like. this

So what's business like this

so, what's business like this year?

Book sales have definitely slipped.

book sales have definitely

Book sales have definitely

book sales have definitely slipped.

What's your analysis of what's driven sales down then?

what's your analysis of what's driven sales down

What's your analysis of what's driven. sales, down

what's your analysis of what's driven sales down then?

Well, the general retail falloff, I think, has had a big, big effect. Interestingly, children's fiction is stronger than the rest of the book publishing categories. I think people do not feel that books are a luxury for children, perhaps the way they might for adults. And I also hear that libraries are seeing a lot of activities. So I think it's not that people are not reading, it's that they're not buying books and are finding other ways to get their reading fix satisfied, except in the case of children where they are buying books.

well the general retail falloff i think, has, had a big. big effect interestingly children's fiction is stronger than the rest; of, the book publishing categories i think people do not feel that books are a luxury for children perhaps the way they might for adults and i also hear that libraries are seeing a lot, of activities so i think it's not, that people are. not reading it's that; they're not buying books and are, finding other ways to get their, reading fix satisfied except in the case of children where they are buying

Well the general retail falloff I think has had a big big effect Interestingly children's fiction is stronger than the rest; of the. book publishing categories I think. people do not feel that books are a luxury for children perhaps the, way. they might for adults, And I also hear that libraries are seeing a lot of activities So I think it's not that people are not reading it's that they're not buying books and are finding other ways to get their reading fix satisfied. except in the case of children where they. are buying,

well, the general retail falloff, i think, has had a big, big effect. interestingly, children's fiction is stronger than the rest of the book publishing categories. i think people do not feel that books are a luxury for children, perhaps the way they might for adults. and i also hear that libraries are seeing a lot of activities. so i think it's not that people are not reading, it's that they're not buying books and are finding other ways to get their reading fix satisfied, except in the case of children where they are buying books.

Well, that raises this question. We've seen the introduction of electronic readers - eBooks, the Kindle from Amazon, and the Sony Reader. How are they selling? Does this represent a whole new movement in the book industry?

well that raises this question we've seen the introduction of electronic readers - ebooks the kindle from amazon and the sony reader how are they selling? does this represent a. whole new movement in the book

Well that raises this, question We've seen the introduction of electronic readers - eBooks the Kindle from Amazon and the. Sony Reader How are they selling? Does this. represent a whole new movement in the book

well, that raises this question. we've seen the introduction of electronic readers - ebooks, the kindle from amazon, and the sony reader. how are they selling? does this represent a whole new movement in the book industry?

It does in some ways. I think it's very notable, certainly. And as far as price point goes, eBooks are certainly the cheaper option, coming in about six or seven dollars per book. EBook sales are up as much as 300 percent for many of the major houses. But that's in a context where eBooks are still representing still under about one percent of total book sales.

it does in some ways i think it's very notable certainly and as far as price point goes ebooks are certainly the cheaper. option coming in about six or; seven dollars, per book ebook sales are up as much as 300 percent for many of the major houses but that's in a. context where ebooks are still representing still under about one percent of total, book,

It does in some ways I think it's very notable certainly And as far as price point goes eBooks are certainly, the cheaper option coming in about six or seven dollars per book EBook sales are up as. much; as 300 percent for many, of the major. houses But that's in a context where eBooks are still representing still under about one percent of total book

it does in some ways. i think it's very notable, certainly. and as far as price point goes, ebooks are certainly the cheaper option, coming in about six or seven dollars per book. ebook sales are up as much as 300 percent for many of the major houses. but that's in a context where ebooks are still representing still under about one percent of total book sales.

May I press you a bit about some of these new technologies?

may i press you a bit, about some of these new

May I press you a bit about some, of these new

may i press you a bit about some of these new technologies?

Sure.

sure.

Because I can remember a time when people thought that, you know, nothing would replace the newspaper. And obviously, a lot of people have found some kind of replacement for newspapers - online and through other media. And then, you know, I've talked to recording industry executives who've said, we'd love to get out of the hardware business - you know, all the making CDs, making the tamperproof covers. Now, as I don't have to tell you, in books, to print them, to sell them is expensive and speculative. Can books really expect even for 10 years to not be subject to technological changes?

because i can remember a. time when people thought that you know nothing would replace the newspaper and obviously a lot of people have found some kind of replacement for newspapers - online, and, through other media and then you know i've. talked, to recording industry executives who've said we'd love to get out of the hardware business - you know all the making cds making the tamperproof. covers now as i don't have to tell you, in books to print them to sell, them is expensive; and speculative can books really expect. even for 10 years to not be subject, to technological

Because I; can remember a time. when people thought that you know nothing would replace the newspaper And obviously a lot of people have found some kind of replacement for newspapers - online and through other media And then you know I've talked to recording industry executives, who've said we'd love to get out of the hardware business - you know all the, making CDs making the tamperproof covers; Now as I don't have to tell you in books to print them to sell them is. expensive and speculative Can books really expect even for 10 years to not be subject to technological

because i can remember a time when people thought that, you know, nothing would replace the newspaper. and obviously, a lot of people have found some kind of replacement for newspapers - online and through other media. and then, you know, i've talked to recording industry executives who've said, we'd love to get out of the hardware business - you know, all the making cds, making the tamperproof covers. now, as i don't have to tell you, in books, to print them, to sell them is expensive and speculative. can books really expect even for 10 years to not be subject to technological changes?

The software analysis all of those human factors and processes them with algorithms. That information generally won't help right there, during that call, but Schaffer says it can be used to answer important questions companies may have.

the software analysis all of those human factors and processes them with algorithms that information generally. won't help right there during that call but schaffer says. it, can be used to answer, important questions companies may

The software analysis all of. those human, factors and processes them, with algorithms That information generally won't help right there during that call but Schaffer says it can be used, to answer important questions companies may

the software analysis all of those human factors and processes them with algorithms. that information generally won't help right there, during that call, but schaffer says it can be used to answer important questions companies may have.

What kinds of situations - what kind of topics are bringing up this kind of level of emotion. And it could go down to the soft skills or particular agents that seem to have patterns of customers becoming more emotional. Or it could come to broad business issues, that - where you can notice a pattern between heighten emotions and a particular product or service, or geographic area, or some other very important business component.

what kinds of situations - what kind of topics are bringing up this kind of level of emotion and; it could go down to the soft skills or particular agents that seem to have patterns of customers becoming more emotional or it could come to broad business issues that - where you can notice a pattern between heighten emotions and, a particular product or service or geographic area or some other very important business

What kinds of situations - what. kind of. topics are bringing up this kind of level of emotion And; it could go down to the soft skills or particular agents that seem to. have. patterns of customers becoming more emotional Or it, could come to. broad business issues that - where you can notice a pattern between heighten emotions and a, particular product or, service or geographic area or some other very important business

what kinds of situations - what kind of topics are bringing up this kind of level of emotion. and it could go down to the soft skills or particular agents that seem to have patterns of customers becoming more emotional. or it could come to broad business issues, that - where you can notice a pattern between heighten emotions and a particular product or service, or geographic area, or some other very important business component.

Phil Tschudy is from CUNA Mutual a financial services group in Madison, Wisconsin that processes thousands of calls a day.

phil tschudy is from cuna mutual a financial, services group in madison wisconsin that processes thousands of, calls a

Phil Tschudy is from CUNA Mutual a financial services group in Madison Wisconsin that processes thousands. of calls a

phil tschudy is from cuna mutual a financial services group in madison, wisconsin that processes thousands of calls a day.

He says his company has been trying out the software for about a year as a feedback tool.

he says his company. has been trying out the software. for. about a year as; a feedback

He says his company has been trying out the software for. about a year as, a feedback

he says his company has been trying out the software for about a year as a feedback tool.

This is an opportunity for us to go back and make sure that we're looking for trends that can be addressed, that we can help our call center representatives improve the services they deliver.

this is an opportunity for us to go back and. make sure that we're, looking for trends that can be; addressed that we can help our call center representatives. improve the services they

This is an opportunity for us to go; back and make sure that we're looking for trends that can be addressed that we can help our call, center representatives improve the services they

this is an opportunity for us to go back and make sure that we're looking for trends that can be addressed, that we can help our call center representatives improve the services they deliver.

And I think ultimately consumers want that, and demands are higher than they have every been. And so this is great tool for us to really understand what are customers want and then deliver on that - on those expectations.

and i think ultimately; consumers want that and, demands are higher than they have every been and so this is great tool for us; to really understand what are customers want and then deliver on that - on those

And. I think ultimately, consumers want that and demands are higher than they; have every been And so this is great tool for us to really understand what are customers want and then deliver on that. - on those

and i think ultimately consumers want that, and demands are higher than they have every been. and so this is great tool for us to really understand what are customers want and then deliver on that - on those expectations.

This idea sounds great, but there is some problems. Big companies want to cut costs, so more phone support has been outsourced to call centers overseas. But the issue is that English may not be a first language for most of the reps answering phones. And if a communication gap grows wider another automated solution probably won't go far enough to comfort the outraged and unhappy customer. For NPR News, I'm Xeni Jardin.

this idea sounds great. but there is some problems big companies want to cut costs so more phone support has been outsourced to call centers overseas but the issue is that english may, not be a first language for most of the reps answering phones and if a, communication gap grows wider another automated solution probably won't go far enough to comfort the outraged and unhappy customer for npr news i'm xeni

This idea sounds, great but there is. some problems Big companies want to cut costs so more phone support has been outsourced to call centers overseas But the issue is that English may not be a first, language for most of the reps. answering, phones And if, a communication. gap grows wider another automated solution probably won't go far enough to; comfort the outraged and unhappy customer For NPR News I'm Xeni

this idea sounds great, but there is some problems. big companies want to cut costs, so more phone support has been outsourced to call centers overseas. but the issue is that english may not be a first language for most of the reps answering phones. and if a communication gap grows wider another automated solution probably won't go far enough to comfort the outraged and unhappy customer. for npr news, i'm xeni jardin.

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This is Talk of The Nation: Science Friday. I'm Ira Flatow. We're here in Tucson, Arizona, and if you've ever visited this part of the country, you know it can get really hot. And I'm not talking about the weather, I'm talking about the food from Jalapenos to Anaheim's, to Poblano's, folks in this part of that world have been spicing their food with chilies for centuries.

this is talk of the nation: science friday i'm ira flatow we're here in tucson arizona and if you've ever visited this part, of the country you know it can get really hot and i'm not talking about the weather i'm talking about the food from jalapenos to anaheim's to poblano's folks in this part of that world have been spicing their food with chilies for

This is Talk of The Nation: Science Friday I'm Ira Flatow We're. here in Tucson Arizona. and if you've ever, visited, this part of the. country you know it. can get really hot And I'm not talking about the weather I'm talking about the food from Jalapenos to Anaheim's to Poblano's folks in. this part of that world. have been spicing their food. with chilies for

this is talk of the nation: science friday. i'm ira flatow. we're here in tucson, arizona, and if you've ever visited this part of the country, you know it can get really hot. and i'm not talking about the weather, i'm talking about the food from jalapenos to anaheim's, to poblano's, folks in this part of that world have been spicing their food with chilies for centuries.

But something I learned on this trip out West is that chilies don't just make food hot, there are lots of mild ones too that are used in cooking, and chilies have non-food uses too. We'll talk about all the uses for chilies, you know, for example their signature chemical compound, capsaicin.

but. something i learned on. this trip out west is that chilies don't just. make food. hot there are lots of mild ones too that, are used, in cooking and, chilies. have, non-food uses too we'll talk about all the uses for chilies you know for example their signature chemical compound

But something I learned on this trip out West, is that, chilies don't just make food hot there are lots of mild, ones too that, are used. in cooking and chilies have non-food uses too We'll talk about all the uses for, chilies you know for example their; signature chemical compound

but something i learned on this trip out west is that chilies don't just make food hot, there are lots of mild ones too that are used in cooking, and chilies have non-food uses too. we'll talk about all the uses for chilies, you know, for example their signature chemical compound, capsaicin.

That stuff that makes them hot is also used for a pain reliever. I see your shaking your head, you knew that. Yes. And their color is used in cosmetics with lipsticks, did you know that too? Well, well, what's about - that's why we're here for, to talk about chilies and everything that you ever wanted to know about chilies, so we're going to kick off the hour talking about chili peppers, what makes them hot and why do we like them.

that stuff that makes them hot is also used for a pain reliever i see your shaking your head you knew that yes. and their color, is used in cosmetics with. lipsticks did you know that too? well well what's about - that's why we're here for to talk about chilies and everything that you ever. wanted to know about chilies so we're; going to kick off. the hour talking about chili peppers what makes them hot and why do we like

That stuff that makes them hot is also used for a pain reliever I see your shaking your head; you knew. that Yes And their color is used in cosmetics with lipsticks did you know that too? Well, well what's about - that's why, we're here for to talk about chilies and. everything that you ever wanted to know about; chilies so we're going to kick off the hour talking about chili peppers what makes them hot and why do we like.

that stuff that makes them hot is also used for a pain reliever. i see your shaking your head, you knew that. yes. and their color is used in cosmetics with lipsticks, did you know that too? well, well, what's about - that's why we're here for, to talk about chilies and everything that you ever wanted to know about chilies, so we're going to kick off the hour talking about chili peppers, what makes them hot and why do we like them.

Why do we like something that's that hot for us, and burns or maybe doesn't burn our tongues? And how are farmers and scientists working together to take the plants from seed to fruit and back to seed, then here we are. In the audience in Tucson, Arizona, talking to folks, and if you'd like to join us please step up to the microphone when the - when it hits you.

why do we like something that's. that hot for us and burns or maybe doesn't burn our tongues? and how are farmers and scientists working together to take the plants from. seed to fruit and back to seed then here we; are in the audience in tucson arizona talking to folks, and if you'd like to join us please step, up to the microphone, when. the - when it hits

Why do we like something that's that hot for us. and, burns or maybe. doesn't burn our tongues? And how are farmers and scientists working together to take the plants, from seed to fruit, and back to seed then here we are In the audience in Tucson Arizona talking to folks and if you'd like, to join us please step up to the microphone when the - when. it hits

why do we like something that's that hot for us, and burns or maybe doesn't burn our tongues? and how are farmers and scientists working together to take the plants from seed to fruit and back to seed, then here we are. in the audience in tucson, arizona, talking to folks, and if you'd like to join us please step up to the microphone when the - when it hits you.

The appeal to ask a question? Also, our number, 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK, and in Second Life you can find us in Science Friday Island, and look for our seating area there and ask a question to Second Life. Let me introduce my guest. Jeff Silvertooth is a professor and the head of the Plant Scientist Department at the University of Arizona in Tucson. Thanks for talking to us today.

the appeal. to ask a question? also our number 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-talk and in second life you can find us in science friday island and look for our seating area there and ask a question to second life let me introduce my guest jeff silvertooth is a professor. and, the head of the plant scientist. department at the university of arizona in tucson. thanks for talking to us

The appeal to ask a question? Also our number. 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-TALK and in Second Life you can find us in Science Friday Island, and look for our seating area there and ask a question to Second Life Let me introduce, my guest Jeff Silvertooth is, a. professor, and the head of the Plant Scientist Department at the University of Arizona in Tucson Thanks for talking to us

the appeal to ask a question? also, our number, 1-800-989-8255, 1-800-989-talk, and in second life you can find us in science friday island, and look for our seating area there and ask a question to second life. let me introduce my guest. jeff silvertooth is a professor and the head of the plant scientist department at the university of arizona in tucson. thanks for talking to us today.

Thank you.

thank

Thank

thank you.

Good to have you here. Ed Curry is a farmer and owner of the Curry Seed and Chile Company in Pearce, Arizona. Thank you, Ed.

good to have you here ed curry is a farmer and owner of the curry seed, and chile company in pearce arizona thank you

Good to. have you here Ed Curry is, a, farmer and owner of the Curry Seed and Chile Company in Pearce Arizona Thank you

good to have you here. ed curry is a farmer and owner of the curry seed and chile company in pearce, arizona. thank you, ed.

Thank you.

thank

Thank

thank you.

And in fact, we have a little bit of a tour of Ed's Chili farm just outside of Tucson. It's sciencefriday.com. Flora Lichtman, our digital producer put it together, and if you'd like to see a little preview of the full-blown version, you can go over to our website at sciencefriday.com, to see a bit of Ed's farm.

and in fact we have a, little bit of a. tour of ed's chili farm, just. outside of tucson it's sciencefriday.com flora lichtman our digital producer put it together and if you'd like to see a little preview of the full-blown version you can go over to our website at sciencefriday.com to see a bit. of ed's

And in fact we have a little bit of a tour of Ed's Chili farm just outside of Tucson It's sciencefriday.com Flora Lichtman our digital producer, put it together and if you'd like to see a little preview of. the full-blown version you can go over to our website, at sciencefriday.com to see a bit of Ed's,

and in fact, we have a little bit of a tour of ed's chili farm just outside of tucson. it's sciencefriday.com. flora lichtman, our digital producer put it together, and if you'd like to see a little preview of the full-blown version, you can go over to our website at sciencefriday.com, to see a bit of ed's farm.

Gary Nabhan is a research social scientist at the University of Arizona, he's also the author of "Why Some Like it Hot: Food, Genes, and Cultural Diversity." And he joins us from WMEA in Portland, Maine. Thanks for talking with us today, Dr. Nabhan.

gary, nabhan is a research. social scientist at. the university of arizona he's also the author of "why some like it. hot: food genes and cultural diversity" and he joins us. from. wmea in portland maine thanks for talking with us today, dr

Gary. Nabhan is a research social scientist. at the University of; Arizona he's also the author of "Why Some Like, it Hot: Food Genes and Cultural Diversity" And. he joins us; from WMEA in Portland Maine Thanks; for talking with. us today Dr

gary nabhan is a research social scientist at the university of arizona, he's also the author of "why some like it hot: food, genes, and cultural diversity." and he joins us from wmea in portland, maine. thanks for talking with us today, dr. nabhan.

Happy to be here with you.

happy to. be here with

Happy to be. here with

happy to be here with you.

Thank you. Ed, when we say chili? What are we talking about? It was a - it encompasses a lot of stuff, doesn't it?

thank you ed when we say chili? what are we talking about? it was a - it encompasses a lot of stuff doesn't

Thank you Ed when we say chili? What are we talking about? It was a - it encompasses. a lot of stuff doesn't

thank you. ed, when we say chili? what are we talking about? it was a - it encompasses a lot of stuff, doesn't it?

It does. Probably the simplest explanation for chili is obviously as a lot of countries have their own specific chilies, but here in The Southwest, long, green, once termed Anaheim, because they were so popular there around Anaheim, California. They responded to the cool weather and next to the ocean there...

it does probably the simplest explanation for chili is obviously, as a lot of countries have their own specific chilies but here in the southwest long green once termed anaheim, because they were so popular there around anaheim california, they responded to the cool weather and next to the ocean

It does Probably the simplest. explanation for chili. is, obviously as a lot of countries have their own, specific chilies but here in The Southwest long green once termed Anaheim because, they were so popular. there around Anaheim, California They responded to the cool. weather and, next to the ocean

it does. probably the simplest explanation for chili is obviously as a lot of countries have their own specific chilies, but here in the southwest, long, green, once termed anaheim, because they were so popular there around anaheim, california. they responded to the cool weather and next to the ocean there...

Mm-hm.

mm-hm.

But long green chili, Dr. Paul Smith from U.C. Davis gave it that name, suggested that name some years ago. So long, green chili indicates a relatively mild, flavorful chili.

but long, green chili dr paul smith from u.c davis gave it that name suggested, that, name some years ago so long. green chili indicates a relatively, mild flavorful

But long green chili Dr Paul, Smith, from U.C Davis. gave it that. name suggested that name some years ago So long green. chili indicates a relatively mild flavorful

but long green chili, dr. paul smith from u.c. davis gave it that name, suggested that name some years ago. so long, green chili indicates a relatively mild, flavorful chili.

Mm-hm. There are lots of different varieties and brands of things like that, that you can get?

mm-hm there are lots of different varieties and brands of things like that that you can

Mm-hm There are lots of different varieties and brands of things like that that you can

mm-hm. there are lots of different varieties and brands of things like that, that you can get?

Of the long green?

of the long

Of, the long

of the long green?

Yeah.

yeah.

Of the long green alone, there's several. We - my partner Phil V. and I have bred the several different strands of just the long green alone. But, when you get outside of the long green, the - in the Capsaicum annum species...

of the long green alone there's several we - my partner, phil, v and i have bred the several different strands of just the long green alone but when you get outside of the long green the - in the capsaicum annum

Of the long green alone there's; several We - my partner Phil V and I have bred the several different strands of just the long green. alone But when, you. get outside, of the long. green the - in the Capsaicum annum

of the long green alone, there's several. we - my partner phil v. and i have bred the several different strands of just the long green alone. but, when you get outside of the long green, the - in the capsaicum annum species...

Right.

right.

It's huge, there's just all kinds.

it's huge there's. just all

It's huge there's just all

it's huge, there's just all kinds.

Mm-hm. Jeff, South - the Eastern Arizona is part of what is called the Chili Belt, and I don't think I've ever heard that phrase until I got here. What does that mean? Why is this a great spot to grow chilies?

mm-hm jeff south - the eastern arizona is part of what is called the chili belt and i don't think i've ever heard that phrase until i got here what does that mean? why is this a great spot to grow

Mm-hm Jeff South - the. Eastern Arizona is part of what is called the Chili Belt. and I don't. think I've ever heard that phrase until I, got here What does that mean? Why is this, a great spot to grow

mm-hm. jeff, south - the eastern arizona is part of what is called the chili belt, and i don't think i've ever heard that phrase until i got here. what does that mean? why is this a great spot to grow chilies?

UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #1: We could hear all of the teachers screaming. I think someone got shot in the chest, and they kept yelling, put some pressure on it.

unidentified woman, #1: we could hear all of the teachers screaming i think someone got shot in the chest, and they kept yelling, put some, pressure on

UNIDENTIFIED. WOMAN #1: We, could hear all of the. teachers screaming I think someone got shot in the chest and they kept yelling put, some pressure on

unidentified woman #1: we could hear all of the teachers screaming. i think someone got shot in the chest, and they kept yelling, put some pressure on it.

Two students died. Sixteen others were wounded.

two students. died sixteen others were

Two students died Sixteen others, were;

two students died. sixteen others were wounded.

The list keeps going. On January 22 at a high school in Texas, a girl was shot by another student.

the list keeps going on january 22 at a high school; in texas, a girl was shot by another

The list keeps going On January 22 at a high school in Texas a girl was shot by another

the list keeps going. on january 22 at a high school in texas, a girl was shot by another student.

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(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED

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UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: A firefighter who came to the victim's aid here told me tonight she just kept repeating, don't let me die.

unidentified woman #2: a firefighter who came to the victim's aid here, told me tonight she just kept repeating don't let, me,

UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: A firefighter who came to the. victim's aid; here told me, tonight. she just kept repeating don't let me

unidentified woman #2: a firefighter who came to the victim's aid here told me tonight she just kept repeating, don't let me die.

She's recovering.

she's

She's

she's recovering.

That same afternoon, another shooting in the parking lot of a New Orleans charter school. One student was injured.

that, same afternoon another shooting in the parking lot of a new orleans charter school one student was

That same afternoon another. shooting in the parking lot of a New Orleans charter. school One student was

that same afternoon, another shooting in the parking lot of a new orleans charter school. one student was injured.

On January 20, a student was shot on the campus of Wake Forest University in North Carolina. He died.

on january 20, a, student was shot on the campus of wake forest university in north carolina he

On January 20, a student was shot on the campus of Wake Forest University in North Carolina He

on january 20, a student was shot on the campus of wake forest university in north carolina. he died.

January 15 in Texas, a bullet was fired into a college dorm room. Three students were inside. No one was hurt.

january 15 in texas a bullet was fired into; a. college dorm room three students were inside no one was

January 15 in Texas a bullet was fired into a college dorm room Three students were inside. No, one was

january 15 in texas, a bullet was fired into a college dorm room. three students were inside. no one was hurt.

And January 10 - three shootings in three states - first a suicide at Coronado Elementary School in Arizona.

and january 10 - three, shootings in three states - first a, suicide at, coronado, elementary school. in

And January 10 - three shootings in three states - first a suicide at Coronado Elementary School in

and january 10 - three shootings in three states - first a suicide at coronado elementary school in arizona.

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UNIDENTIFIED MAN #3: The school called to report an active shooter around 9 in the morning. When deputies arrived, they found a 14-year-old boy shot dead inside a bathroom.

unidentified man #3: the. school called to report an active shooter around 9 in the morning when deputies arrived they found. a 14-year-old, boy shot dead inside a

UNIDENTIFIED MAN #3: The school called to, report an active shooter around 9 in the, morning. When deputies arrived they found a. 14-year-old boy shot dead inside a

unidentified man #3: the school called to report an active shooter around 9 in the morning. when deputies arrived, they found a 14-year-old boy shot dead inside a bathroom.

And at Grayson college in Texas a student fired a gun by accident. No one was hit.

and at grayson college in texas a student fired a gun. by accident no one. was

And. at Grayson college; in Texas a student fired a gun by accident No one was

and at grayson college in texas a student fired a gun by accident. no one was hit.

Then that evening...

then that

Then. that

then that evening...

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UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #3: Breaking news - shots fired on the campus of Cal State, San Bernardino.

unidentified woman, #3: breaking news - shots fired on the campus of cal state san;

UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #3: Breaking news - shots fired on the campus of Cal State San

unidentified woman #3: breaking news - shots fired on the campus of cal state, san bernardino.

No one was injured.

no one was

No, one was

no one was injured.

And January 4, two shots were fired into a Seattle high school - no one injured.

and. january 4, two shots were fired into a seattle high school - no one

And January 4, two shots were fired into a Seattle high school - no one

and january 4, two shots were fired into a seattle high school - no one injured.

That same day in Michigan, a man shot and killed himself in the parking lot of an empty elementary school.

that same day in michigan, a man shot and killed himself in the parking lot of an empty elementary

That same day in Michigan a man shot and killed himself in the parking lot of an; empty elementary

that same day in michigan, a man shot and killed himself in the parking lot of an empty elementary school.

Eighteen shootings on school property. We are 46 days into 2018.

eighteen shootings on school property we are 46 days into

Eighteen shootings on school property, We are 46 days into,

eighteen shootings on school property. we are 46 days into 2018.

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(soundbite; of explosions in the sky's "your hand; in

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The partial government shutdown appears to be coming to an end three days after it began. The breakthrough came when Democrats led by Minority Leader Chuck Schumer agreed to fund the government until February 8. That's a little under three weeks from now. In exchange, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell pledged to take action on immigration. Beyond that, there aren't a lot of details. In a statement, President Trump said he's pleased the Democrats have come to their senses. He says once the government is funded, his administration will work toward a long-term deal on immigration but, quote, "if and only if it's good for our country."

the partial government shutdown appears to be coming to an end three days after it began the breakthrough. came when democrats led by minority leader chuck schumer, agreed to fund the. government until february 8. that's a little under, three weeks from now in exchange senate majority leader mitch mcconnell, pledged to take action on immigration beyond that there aren't. a lot of details in a statement president trump said he's pleased the democrats have come to their senses he says once the government is funded his administration will work toward a long-term deal on, immigration but quote "if and only if it's good for our

The partial government shutdown appears to be coming to an end three days after it began The breakthrough came when Democrats led, by Minority Leader Chuck Schumer agreed to fund the government until February 8. That's a little. under. three. weeks from now In exchange Senate, Majority Leader Mitch McConnell pledged, to take action on immigration Beyond that. there aren't a lot, of details In a statement President Trump said he's pleased the Democrats have come to their senses He says once the government is funded his administration, will work toward a long-term deal on immigration but. quote "if and only if it's good for our

the partial government shutdown appears to be coming to an end three days after it began. the breakthrough came when democrats led by minority leader chuck schumer agreed to fund the government until february 8. that's a little under three weeks from now. in exchange, senate majority leader mitch mcconnell pledged to take action on immigration. beyond that, there aren't a lot of details. in a statement, president trump said he's pleased the democrats have come to their senses. he says once the government is funded, his administration will work toward a long-term deal on immigration but, quote, "if and only if it's good for our country."

NPR national political correspondent Mara Liasson is at the White House to talk about all of this. Hey, Mara.

npr national political correspondent mara liasson is at the white; house to talk about all of this; hey

NPR national political correspondent Mara Liasson. is at the White House, to talk about all of, this Hey

npr national political correspondent mara liasson is at the white house to talk about all of this. hey, mara.

Hi there.

hi

Hi.

hi there.

Just first to make sure we know what's happening, where do things stand now?

just first to make sure we know what's happening where, do things stand

Just first to make sure we know what's happening. where do things stand

just first to make sure we know what's happening, where do things stand now?

Where things stand now is that both houses of Congress have passed another short-term funding bill which gives Democrats, Republicans and the president a three-week reprieve. They now have until February 8 to figure out a deal on DACA, which is the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program. This was protection from deportation for immigrants who were brought here as children, many of them illegally.

where things stand now is that, both houses of congress, have passed another short-term funding bill which gives democrats republicans and the president a three-week reprieve they now have until february 8 to figure out a, deal on daca which is the, deferred. action for childhood arrivals program, this was protection from deportation for, immigrants who. were, brought here as children; many of them

Where things. stand now is that both houses of; Congress have passed another short-term funding. bill which gives Democrats Republicans and the president a three-week reprieve They now have until February, 8 to figure out. a deal on DACA which is. the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program This was protection from. deportation for immigrants who were brought here as children many of them

where things stand now is that both houses of congress have passed another short-term funding bill which gives democrats, republicans and the president a three-week reprieve. they now have until february 8 to figure out a deal on daca, which is the deferred action for childhood arrivals program. this was protection from deportation for immigrants who were brought here as children, many of them illegally.

President Trump has removed that protection, and he gave Congress until March 5 to figure out a solution, or else these DACA recipients would be subject to deportation. If a deal on DACA can't be reached by February 8, according to Mitch McConnell, the Senate Republican leader, his intention would be to let the issue go to the Senate floor.

president trump has, removed that protection and he gave congress until march, 5 to figure. out a solution or else these daca recipients would be subject to deportation if. a deal on daca. can't be reached by february 8, according to mitch mcconnell, the senate republican leader his intention; would be to let the issue go to the senate

President Trump has removed that protection and he gave Congress until March 5 to figure out a solution or else these DACA recipients would be subject to deportation If a deal. on; DACA can't be reached by February 8, according to Mitch McConnell the Senate Republican leader his intention would be, to let the issue go to the Senate

president trump has removed that protection, and he gave congress until march 5 to figure out a solution, or else these daca recipients would be subject to deportation. if a deal on daca can't be reached by february 8, according to mitch mcconnell, the senate republican leader, his intention would be to let the issue go to the senate floor.

As we look back on these three days, this partial shutdown, I mean, which party comes out of the whole thing a winner?

as. we look back on these three days this partial shutdown i mean which party comes out, of the whole thing a

As we look back on these, three days this partial shutdown I mean. which party comes, out of the whole thing; a

as we look back on these three days, this partial shutdown, i mean, which party comes out of the whole thing a winner?

The White House feels very confident that they won this round. The Trump campaign is already sending around a fundraising email saying Democrats caved. The president's son on Fox today said the shutdown has been good for us. And it's true. Chuck Schumer, the Democratic leader, didn't get that much when he agreed to this deal except for an extension of the Children's Health Program for six years. And a lot of left-wing groups who are part of the Democrats' base agree with the White House. They think Schumer gave in too easily.

the white house feels very, confident that they won this round the trump campaign is already sending. around a fundraising email saying democrats caved the president's son on fox today said the shutdown has been good for us and it's true chuck schumer the democratic leader didn't get, that much when, he agreed to this deal except for, an extension of the children's health program for six years and a; lot of left-wing groups who are part of the democrats' base agree with, the, white house they think schumer gave in too

The White House feels very confident that they won, this round The Trump campaign is already sending around a fundraising email, saying Democrats caved The. president's son on Fox today said the, shutdown has been good for us And it's true Chuck Schumer the Democratic leader didn't get that much. when he agreed to this deal except for an. extension of the Children's Health Program for six years And a lot of left-wing groups who are part of the Democrats' base agree with the White House They think Schumer, gave, in too

the white house feels very confident that they won this round. the trump campaign is already sending around a fundraising email saying democrats caved. the president's son on fox today said the shutdown has been good for us. and it's true. chuck schumer, the democratic leader, didn't get that much when he agreed to this deal except for an extension of the children's health program for six years. and a lot of left-wing groups who are part of the democrats' base agree with the white house. they think schumer gave in too easily.

But whatever the political victory for the Republicans is, it's probably a short-term one because when the conversation was about shutting down the government on behalf of people in the country illegally, Democrats were losing the debate. But when the conversation turns back to what should be done about DACA recipients, Democrats are on firmer ground because vast majorities of Americans think those young people should have a path to citizenship.

but whatever. the political victory for. the republicans is it's probably a short-term one because when the conversation was about, shutting down the government on behalf of people in, the; country illegally democrats were losing the debate but when. the. conversation turns back to what should be done about daca recipients democrats. are on firmer ground because vast majorities of; americans think those young people should, have a path to

But whatever the political victory for the Republicans is it's probably a short-term one, because when. the. conversation was about shutting down the government, on behalf of people in the country illegally, Democrats were losing the debate But when; the conversation turns back to what should be done about DACA recipients; Democrats are on firmer ground because vast. majorities of Americans, think those young people. should have a. path to

but whatever the political victory for the republicans is, it's probably a short-term one because when the conversation was about shutting down the government on behalf of people in the country illegally, democrats were losing the debate. but when the conversation turns back to what should be done about daca recipients, democrats are on firmer ground because vast majorities of americans think those young people should have a path to citizenship.

One of the issues that was reported - that came out that, you know, Democrats and Republicans didn't necessarily know where President Trump stood on this. And Senator Schumer said over the weekend, negotiating with President Trump is like negotiating with Jell-O. I think what - people are wondering why the president wasn't more involved in the conversation.

one, of the issues that was reported - that came out that you know democrats and republicans didn't necessarily know where president trump stood on this and senator schumer said over the weekend negotiating with president trump is like negotiating with jell-o i think what - people are wondering why the president wasn't. more, involved in the.

One of the issues that was reported - that came out. that you know, Democrats and, Republicans didn't necessarily know where President Trump stood on this And Senator Schumer said over the weekend negotiating with President, Trump is, like negotiating, with Jell-O, I think what. - people are wondering why the president wasn't more involved in the

one of the issues that was reported - that came out that, you know, democrats and republicans didn't necessarily know where president trump stood on this. and senator schumer said over the weekend, negotiating with president trump is like negotiating with jell-o. i think what - people are wondering why the president wasn't more involved in the conversation.

Well, that's a good question, and the White House was very intent on pushing back against this notion that the president was a kind of bystander and uninvolved in the weekend negotiations over the shutdown. Here's White House Press Secretary Sarah Sanders.

well that's; a good question and the white house was very intent on pushing back against this notion, that the president was a kind. of bystander and uninvolved. in the weekend negotiations over the shutdown here's white house press secretary sarah

Well that's a good question and the White House was very intent on. pushing back against this notion that the president was, a kind of bystander and uninvolved in the weekend negotiations over the shutdown Here's White House Press Secretary Sarah

well, that's a good question, and the white house was very intent on pushing back against this notion that the president was a kind of bystander and uninvolved in the weekend negotiations over the shutdown. here's white house press secretary sarah sanders.

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Look; what the president did clearly worked. The vote just came in 81-18. I would say that those numbers are much more in the president's favor than in Senator Schumer's favor.

look what the. president did clearly worked the vote. just came, in 81-18. i would say that those numbers are much more in the president's favor than in senator schumer's

Look what the president did clearly worked The vote just came in 81-18. I would say that those numbers are much more in the president's favor, than in Senator Schumer's

look; what the president did clearly worked. the vote just came in 81-18. i would say that those numbers are much more in the president's favor than in senator schumer's favor.

So we still don't know exactly what the president wants in a final deal, but we know at least in terms of this particular skirmish the president got a tactical victory. He gets to take credit, which he really likes to do.

so we still don't know exactly what the president wants in a final deal but we know at least in terms of this particular skirmish the president got a tactical, victory he; gets to take credit which he really likes to.

So we still don't know exactly what the president wants in a. final deal but we know at least in terms of this particular skirmish the president got a tactical, victory He gets to take credit which he really likes to

so we still don't know exactly what the president wants in a final deal, but we know at least in terms of this particular skirmish the president got a tactical victory. he gets to take credit, which he really likes to do.

NPR's Mara Liasson at the White House, thanks a lot.

npr's mara liasson at the white house thanks, a,

NPR's Mara Liasson at the White House thanks a

npr's mara liasson at the white house, thanks a lot.

Thank you.

thank

Thank

thank you.

For listeners who did not hear the initial broadcast, a little difficult to understand what the complaint was about unless we played the offending piece of tape.

for listeners who did not hear the initial broadcast a little difficult to understand what the complaint was about. unless. we played the. offending piece of

For listeners who did not. hear the initial broadcast a little difficult to understand what the complaint was about unless. we played the offending piece. of,

for listeners who did not hear the initial broadcast, a little difficult to understand what the complaint was about unless we played the offending piece of tape.

Phrased that way, I don't think so, no. I think that eBooks will continue to grow. Experientially right now, the only place that I really see people reading them, using the Kindle or the Sony Reader, these electronic book-reading devices, is either on the subway in New York City where you have, you know, certainly a group who can afford these technologies and who, you know, can use them in public. And then also for business travelers - again an audience with disposable income, who is space conscious and technologically adept.

phrased that, way i don't. think so. no i think that ebooks will continue to grow experientially right now the only place that i really see people reading them using. the kindle or the sony. reader these electronic book-reading, devices is either on the subway in, new york city where you. have you. know certainly a group, who can afford. these technologies and who you know can, use them in public and. then also for business travelers - again an audience, with disposable income who is space conscious and technologically

Phrased, that way I don't think so, no I think that eBooks will continue to grow; Experientially right now the only place that I really see people reading them, using the Kindle or the Sony Reader these electronic book-reading devices is either, on the subway in New York City; where you have you know certainly a group who can afford these technologies and who you know can use them, in, public And then also for business travelers; - again an audience with disposable income who is space conscious and technologically

phrased that way, i don't think so, no. i think that ebooks will continue to grow. experientially right now, the only place that i really see people reading them, using the kindle or the sony reader, these electronic book-reading devices, is either on the subway in new york city where you have, you know, certainly a group who can afford these technologies and who, you know, can use them in public. and then also for business travelers - again an audience with disposable income, who is space conscious and technologically adept.

I do agree that there are certain kinds of books that may find their audiences eroded. We've already seen this. A certain kind of current affairs book - you know, the torn from the headlines story - enough of that is available on TV or in excerpts or online. People can blog now and tell their story directly to their audience. They don't have to have the intervention of a book, the way that they used to. So I do see some erosion there. I do see that there will continue to be an audience and a readership for books as objects as well. The book is still a technology that works really well. You can get it wet, and the most it'll do is wrinkle. You can slip it in your purse or your pocket. It works.

i do agree that there are certain kinds of books that may find their audiences eroded we've already seen this a certain kind; of current affairs book, - you know the torn from the headlines story, - enough, of that is available on tv or in excerpts or online people can blog now and tell their story directly to their audience they don't have to have the intervention of a book the way that they used to so i do see. some erosion there i do see that there will continue to be an audience and a readership for books as objects as well; the book is still a technology that works really well you can get it wet and the most it'll do. is wrinkle you can slip it in. your. purse or your pocket, it

I do agree that there are certain kinds of books that may find their audiences eroded We've already seen this A certain kind of current affairs. book - you know the torn from the. headlines story - enough of that, is available on TV or in excerpts or online. People can blog now and tell their story directly, to their audience They don't have to have, the; intervention of a book the way that they used to So I, do see some erosion there I do see that there will continue to be an audience and, a readership for books as objects as well The book. is still a technology that works really well You can get it wet and the most it'll do is wrinkle You can slip; it in your purse or your pocket It

i do agree that there are certain kinds of books that may find their audiences eroded. we've already seen this. a certain kind of current affairs book - you know, the torn from the headlines story - enough of that is available on tv or in excerpts or online. people can blog now and tell their story directly to their audience. they don't have to have the intervention of a book, the way that they used to. so i do see some erosion there. i do see that there will continue to be an audience and a readership for books as objects as well. the book is still a technology that works really well. you can get it wet, and the most it'll do is wrinkle. you can slip it in your purse or your pocket. it works.

Charlotte Abbott, contributing editor for Publishers Weekly. Ms. Abbott, thanks so much.

charlotte abbott contributing editor for publishers; weekly ms abbott thanks so.

Charlotte Abbott contributing editor for Publishers Weekly Ms Abbott thanks so

charlotte abbott, contributing editor for publishers weekly. ms. abbott, thanks so much.

Thank you.

thank

Thank

thank you.

From NPR West, this is DAY TO DAY. Alex Chadwick is away. I'm Madeleine Brand.

from npr west this is day to day alex chadwick. is away i'm madeleine

From NPR West this is DAY TO DAY Alex Chadwick is away I'm Madeleine,

from npr west, this is day to day. alex chadwick is away. i'm madeleine brand.

Coming up, why Democrats are divided on Iraq. But first, minutes before today's midnight deadline, the Iraqi parliament has reviewed a draft constitution, but they've concluded that there are still outstanding issues left to be resolved, and they say they'll take the next three days to do that. Dan Murphy is a reporter for The Christian Science Monitor in Baghdad. I spoke with him earlier about the remaining issues.

coming up why democrats. are divided on iraq but first minutes; before today's midnight deadline the iraqi parliament has reviewed a draft, constitution but they've concluded that there are still outstanding issues left to be resolved and they say they'll take the next three days to, do that dan murphy is a, reporter for the christian science monitor in baghdad i spoke with him earlier about the remaining

Coming up why Democrats are divided on Iraq But first minutes before today's midnight; deadline the Iraqi parliament has reviewed a draft constitution but, they've, concluded that there are still outstanding issues left to be resolved and they say they'll take the next three days to do that. Dan Murphy is a reporter for The Christian Science. Monitor in Baghdad I spoke with him earlier about the remaining

coming up, why democrats are divided on iraq. but first, minutes before today's midnight deadline, the iraqi parliament has reviewed a draft constitution, but they've concluded that there are still outstanding issues left to be resolved, and they say they'll take the next three days to do that. dan murphy is a reporter for the christian science monitor in baghdad. i spoke with him earlier about the remaining issues.

The main stumbling blocks, as we know them, are federalism, the role of Islam, especially the rights of women, and how to distribute the oil wealth in Iraq. Has there been any progress in the last week on any of those issues?

the main stumbling blocks as, we know them are federalism the role of islam especially the rights of women and how to distribute the oil wealth in iraq has, there been, any progress in the last week on any. of. those

The main stumbling blocks as we know them are federalism the role of Islam especially. the rights of women and how to distribute the oil wealth in Iraq Has there been any progress in the last week on any, of those

the main stumbling blocks, as we know them, are federalism, the role of islam, especially the rights of women, and how to distribute the oil wealth in iraq. has there been any progress in the last week on any of those issues?

It depends on who you're talking to. You're right that those are the main stumbling blocks, but an additional main stumbling block is the Sunni Arab minority, who are very underrepresented in parliament. And, of course, Sunni Arabs are behind most of the insurgent activity here. And they don't want to sign off on a constitution. There seems as if there's been a progress between Kurds and Shiites who are sort of the dominant political forces in this process. The Sunnis don't want to sign off at all, and so as we go towards this deadline in a few hours here, the Kurds and the Shiites are talking to the press and saying, `We think we've got it all stitched up. We've got a draft we can live with,' and the Sunnis are saying, `No way. If you push this through over our heads, there's going to be more blood here. Please don't do this.' What we don't know is whether or not the Shiites and the Kurds will push ahead on that basis.

it depends on who. you're talking to you're right that those are the main stumbling. blocks but an additional main, stumbling block is the sunni arab minority who are very underrepresented in parliament and of; course sunni arabs are behind most of the insurgent activity here and they don't want to sign off on a constitution; there, seems as; if there's been a. progress between kurds and shiites who, are sort of the dominant political forces in this process the sunnis don't want to sign off at all and so as we go towards this deadline in, a few hours here the kurds and the shiites are talking to the press and saying `we think we've got it all stitched. up we've got a draft we can live with' and the sunnis are saying `no way if you push this through over. our heads there's going to be more blood here please don't do this' what we. don't know is, whether or. not the shiites and the kurds, will push ahead on that

It depends, on who you're talking to You're right that those are the, main stumbling blocks but an. additional main stumbling. block is the Sunni Arab minority who are very underrepresented in, parliament, And of course Sunni Arabs are. behind most of the insurgent activity here. And they don't want to sign off on a constitution There seems as if there's been a progress between Kurds. and Shiites who are sort of the dominant political forces in this process. The Sunnis don't want to sign off at all; and so as. we go towards this deadline in. a few. hours here the Kurds and the Shiites are talking to the. press, and saying `We think we've got it all stitched up We've got a draft we can live with' and the Sunnis are saying `No way, If you push this through over our heads there's going to be. more blood here Please don't do this' What we. don't know is whether or not the Shiites and the Kurds will push ahead on that

it depends on who you're talking to. you're right that those are the main stumbling blocks, but an additional main stumbling block is the sunni arab minority, who are very underrepresented in parliament. and, of course, sunni arabs are behind most of the insurgent activity here. and they don't want to sign off on a constitution. there seems as if there's been a progress between kurds and shiites who are sort of the dominant political forces in this process. the sunnis don't want to sign off at all, and so as we go towards this deadline in a few hours here, the kurds and the shiites are talking to the press and saying, `we think we've got it all stitched up. we've got a draft we can live with,' and the sunnis are saying, `no way. if you push this through over our heads, there's going to be more blood here. please don't do this.' what we don't know is whether or not the shiites and the kurds will push ahead on that basis.

Well, speaking of more blood and more violence, you've written that some political observers say there's a de facto civil war going on in Iraq, and that one way to address that is to put some sort of peace treaty in this constitution. Is there any move to do that?

well speaking of more blood and more violence you've written that some, political observers say there's a de facto civil war going on in iraq and that one way to address that, is to put some sort of peace treaty in this constitution is there any move to do

Well speaking of, more blood and more violence. you've written that some political observers say there's, a de facto civil war going on in Iraq, and that one way to address that is to put some sort of peace treaty in this constitution Is there any move to do

well, speaking of more blood and more violence, you've written that some political observers say there's a de facto civil war going on in iraq, and that one way to address that is to put some sort of peace treaty in this constitution. is there any move to do that?

Well, there is a civil war here. I don't know what anybody would call it if not that. But the problem is is that usually, you know, constitutions are written and new compacts are made about the nature of states when the wars end. It's very unusual for these sorts of things to be sorted out right now. I don't think there's any chance that this constitution--if it is, in fact, finished today or in the next week--is going to be satisfying to the warring parties here. While we do have Sunnis sitting at the table negotiating with Kurds and Shiites, it's not clear to us if any of them, or how many of them, represent the people on the Sunni Arab side who are carrying guns and fighting in the insurgency here. So even if they end up cutting deals with the Kurd and Shiite partners here, it's not clear that that's going to see other Sunni Arabs put their guns down. So we're a long way away from the sort of peace process and the peace compact that a place like Iraq would need to stabilize.

well there is a civil war here, i don't know what anybody would call it if not that but the. problem is is that usually you know constitutions are written and. new compacts are made about the nature of states when. the wars end it's very unusual for these sorts of things to be sorted out right now i don't think there's any chance that this constitution--if it, is in fact finished today or in the next week--is going, to, be satisfying to, the. warring parties here while we do have sunnis sitting, at the table negotiating. with, kurds and shiites it's not clear to us if any of, them or how many of them represent the people on the sunni. arab side who are carrying guns and fighting in the insurgency here so even, if they; end up cutting, deals with the kurd and shiite partners here it's not clear that that's going to see. other sunni arabs; put their guns down so we're a long way away, from the. sort of peace process and the peace compact, that a place like iraq would, need to

Well there is a civil war here I don't, know what anybody would call it if not that But the problem is is that usually you know constitutions are written. and new compacts are made about the nature of states when the wars end. It's very unusual for these, sorts of things to be sorted out right now I don't think, there's any chance that this constitution--if it is, in fact finished today or in the next week--is going, to be, satisfying to the warring parties here While we do have Sunnis sitting at the table negotiating with Kurds and, Shiites it's not clear to us if any of, them or how many. of them. represent, the people on the Sunni Arab side who are carrying guns and fighting in, the insurgency here So. even if they end up cutting deals with the Kurd. and Shiite partners here it's not clear that that's going to see other Sunni Arabs put their guns down So we're a long way away from the, sort, of peace process and the peace compact that a place like Iraq would need to

well, there is a civil war here. i don't know what anybody would call it if not that. but the problem is is that usually, you know, constitutions are written and new compacts are made about the nature of states when the wars end. it's very unusual for these sorts of things to be sorted out right now. i don't think there's any chance that this constitution--if it is, in fact, finished today or in the next week--is going to be satisfying to the warring parties here. while we do have sunnis sitting at the table negotiating with kurds and shiites, it's not clear to us if any of them, or how many of them, represent the people on the sunni arab side who are carrying guns and fighting in the insurgency here. so even if they end up cutting deals with the kurd and shiite partners here, it's not clear that that's going to see other sunni arabs put their guns down. so we're a long way away from the sort of peace process and the peace compact that a place like iraq would need to stabilize.

Well, is there anything that those Sunni Arabs would want to see done with this constitution, or are they so far out of the political process it doesn't matter?

well is there anything that those sunni arabs would want, to see done with this constitution or are they so far out of the political process it doesn't

Well is there. anything that those Sunni Arabs would want to see done with this. constitution or are they so far out. of the political process it doesn't

well, is there anything that those sunni arabs would want to see done with this constitution, or are they so far out of the political process it doesn't matter?

I mean, there's two problems for them. Number one is they're aware that they have a very, almost nihilistically violent side to their own constituency, and they're, frankly, afraid of getting killed if they sign anything away that's going to be unpopular with those people who very well may be a minority but a very powerful minority at the moment.

i mean there's two problems for them number one is they're aware that they have a very almost nihilistically violent side to their own constituency, and they're frankly afraid of getting, killed if they. sign anything away that's going to be unpopular with those people who very well may. be a minority but a very powerful, minority at the

I mean there's two problems for them Number one is they're aware that they have a very almost nihilistically violent side to their own constituency and they're frankly afraid of getting, killed if they sign anything away. that's going to be unpopular with those, people who very well, may be a minority but a very powerful minority. at the

i mean, there's two problems for them. number one is they're aware that they have a very, almost nihilistically violent side to their own constituency, and they're, frankly, afraid of getting killed if they sign anything away that's going to be unpopular with those people who very well may be a minority but a very powerful minority at the moment.

The other issue is is that Sunnis didn't participate in the January 30th elections. So in this process and in this interim parliament, you know, they count almost no seats at all, and they probably make up anywhere from 20 to 30 percent of the population. What they would really like is to delay and delay and delay until this interim parliament collapses and new elections are held so that they could have an election, participate in that election in greater numbers and have a lot more real political influence. Of course, that would be a disaster for the United States because it would set us back to January effectively.

the other issue is is that sunnis didn't participate in the january 30th elections so in this process and in this interim parliament you know they count almost no seats at all and they probably, make. up anywhere from 20 to. 30 percent of the population, what they would really like is to delay and. delay and delay until this interim parliament collapses and new elections are held so that they. could. have an election participate, in that election in; greater numbers and have a lot more real political influence of course that would be a disaster for the united states because it would set us back to january

The other issue, is. is that Sunnis, didn't participate in. the January 30th elections So in this process and in this interim parliament you. know they count almost no seats, at all and they probably make up anywhere from 20 to 30 percent of the population What they would really like is to delay and delay, and delay until, this interim parliament collapses and new elections are held. so that they could have an election participate, in, that election in; greater numbers and have a lot more real political influence Of course that would be a disaster for the United States because it, would set. us back to January

the other issue is is that sunnis didn't participate in the january 30th elections. so in this process and in this interim parliament, you know, they count almost no seats at all, and they probably make up anywhere from 20 to 30 percent of the population. what they would really like is to delay and delay and delay until this interim parliament collapses and new elections are held so that they could have an election, participate in that election in greater numbers and have a lot more real political influence. of course, that would be a disaster for the united states because it would set us back to january effectively.

So where is the US in all this? Is it quietly behind the scenes trying to pressure one side or the other to make concessions?

so. where is the us in all this? is it quietly behind the scenes trying, to pressure one side or the other to make

So where is. the, US in all, this? Is; it quietly behind the scenes trying to pressure one side. or the other to make

so where is the us in all this? is it quietly behind the scenes trying to pressure one side or the other to make concessions?

They're not so quietly behind the scenes. Ambassador Zalmay Khalilzad, who was in Afghanistan before and worked on the constitution there, has been sitting--you know, he's probably spent 30 years sitting down with these people in the past couple of days. And he's in a very interesting position. On the one hand, the Bush administration, for domestic political consumption, wants a fast deal as evidence of progress, and that's why the keep emphasizing these deadlines. And the last deadline we wished last week was a sort of blow to the president.

they're not so quietly behind the scenes, ambassador zalmay khalilzad who was in afghanistan before and worked on the constitution there has been sitting--you know, he's probably spent, 30 years sitting down with these. people in the past couple of. days and he's in a very. interesting position on the one hand the bush, administration for domestic political consumption wants a fast deal as evidence of progress and that's why the keep emphasizing these deadlines and the last deadline we wished last week was a sort of blow to the

They're not so quietly behind the scenes Ambassador Zalmay, Khalilzad who was in Afghanistan before and worked on the constitution there has been sitting--you know he's probably spent 30 years. sitting down with these people in the past couple of days And he's in a very interesting position On the one hand the Bush administration for domestic, political consumption wants a fast; deal as evidence of progress and that's why the keep emphasizing these deadlines And the last deadline we wished last week was a sort of blow to the

they're not so quietly behind the scenes. ambassador zalmay khalilzad, who was in afghanistan before and worked on the constitution there, has been sitting--you know, he's probably spent 30 years sitting down with these people in the past couple of days. and he's in a very interesting position. on the one hand, the bush administration, for domestic political consumption, wants a fast deal as evidence of progress, and that's why the keep emphasizing these deadlines. and the last deadline we wished last week was a sort of blow to the president.

I think she described it very well. I really do.

i think she, described it very well i really

I think she described it very well. I really.

i think she described it very well. i really do.

All right, Glen.

all right

All, right

all right, glen.

I hope you use a little better judgment next time. That's just my opinion.

i hope you use a little better, judgment next time that's just my,

I hope you use a little better judgment next time That's just. my

i hope you use a little better judgment next time. that's just my opinion.

OK, Glen, thanks very much.

ok glen thanks very.

OK Glen thanks very.

ok, glen, thanks very much.

Thanks.

thanks.

I think this opinion was really about the health care mandate, which is coming up next. This is the first time in five years they've had a big case about the reach of federal power. Elena Kagan argued it, and everybody knew this case was even though it was ostensibly about holding sex predators after their prison terms, the real dispute was the reach of federal power.

i think this opinion was. really about the health care mandate which is coming up next this is the first time in five years they've had, a. big case, about the reach of federal power elena kagan argued it and everybody knew this case, was. even though it. was ostensibly, about holding sex predators after, their prison terms the real dispute. was the reach of federal

I think this opinion was really about the health care mandate which is coming up next This is the first time. in five years they've had a big case about the, reach of federal power Elena Kagan argued it, and everybody; knew this case, was even; though it was ostensibly about holding sex predators after, their prison, terms the real dispute was the reach of federal

i think this opinion was really about the health care mandate, which is coming up next. this is the first time in five years they've had a big case about the reach of federal power. elena kagan argued it, and everybody knew this case was even though it was ostensibly about holding sex predators after their prison terms, the real dispute was the reach of federal power.