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how to clear the screen in python

clear terminal screen on windows

os.system('cls')

how to clear the screen in python

clear the terminal screen in Linux

os.system('clear')

In python 2.4, how can I execute external commands with csh instead of bash?

execute external commands/script `your_own_script` with csh instead of bash

os.system('tcsh your_own_script')

In python 2.4, how can I execute external commands with csh instead of bash?

execute command 'echo $0' in Z shell

os.system("zsh -c 'echo $0'")

Updating a list of python dictionaries with a key, value pair from another list

update a list `l1` dictionaries with a key `count` and value from list `l2`

[dict(d, count=n) for d, n in zip(l1, l2)]

sum each value in a list of tuples

create a list with the sum of respective elements of the tuples of list `l`

[sum(x) for x in zip(*l)]

sum each value in a list of tuples

sum each value in a list `l` of tuples

map(sum, zip(*l))

Counting the number of non-NaN elements in a numpy ndarray matrix in Python

count the number of non-nan elements in a numpy ndarray matrix `data`

np.count_nonzero(~np.isnan(data))

Python: transform a list of lists of tuples

Convert each list in list `main_list` into a tuple

map(list, zip(*main_list))

Django - taking values from POST request

django get the value of key 'title' from POST request `request` if exists, else return empty string ''

request.POST.get('title', '')

Check if string ends with one of the strings from a list

check if string `test.mp3` ends with one of the strings from a tuple `('.mp3', '.avi')`

"""test.mp3""".endswith(('.mp3', '.avi'))

Splitting strings in python

split a string 's' by space while ignoring spaces within square braces and quotes.

re.findall('\\[[^\\]]*\\]|"[^"]*"|\\S+', s)

Get top biggest values from each column of the pandas.DataFrame

get biggest 3 values from each column of the pandas dataframe `data`

data.apply(lambda x: sorted(x, 3))

How do I permanently set the current directory to the Desktop in Python?

permanently set the current directory to the 'C:/Users/Name/Desktop'

os.chdir('C:/Users/Name/Desktop')

getting string between 2 characters in python

get all characters between two `$` characters in string `string`

re.findall('\\$([^$]*)\\$', string)

getting string between 2 characters in python

getting the string between 2 '$' characters in '$sin (x)$ is an function of x'

re.findall('\\$(.*?)\\$', '$sin (x)$ is an function of x')

how to format date in ISO using python?

Format a date object `str_data` into iso fomrat

datetime.datetime.strptime(str_date, '%m/%d/%Y').date().isoformat()

Selecting specific column in each row from array

get element at index 0 of first row and element at index 1 of second row in array `A`

A[[0, 1], [0, 1]]

Selecting specific column in each row from array

subset numpy array `a` by column and row, returning the values from the first row, first column and the second row, second column and the third row, first column.

a[np.arange(3), (0, 1, 0)]

Counting values in dictionary

Get a list of all keys from dictionary `dictA` where the number of occurrences of value `duck` in that key is more than `1`

[k for k, v in dictA.items() if v.count('duck') > 1]

Sub matrix of a list of lists (without numpy)

Create sub matrix of a list of lists `[[2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4]]` (without numpy)

[[2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4], [2, 3, 4]]

How to call an element in an numpy array?

get an element at index `[1,1]`in a numpy array `arr`

print(arr[1, 1])

Setting matplotlib colorbar range

Set colorbar range from `0` to `15` for pyplot object `quadmesh` in matplotlib

quadmesh.set_clim(vmin=0, vmax=15)

read csv into record array in numpy

read csv file 'my_file.csv' into numpy array

my_data = genfromtxt('my_file.csv', delimiter=',')

read csv into record array in numpy

read csv file 'myfile.csv' into array

df = pd.read_csv('myfile.csv', sep=',', header=None)

read csv into record array in numpy

read csv file 'myfile.csv' into array

np.genfromtxt('myfile.csv', delimiter=',')

read csv into record array

read csv file 'myfile.csv' into array

np.genfromtxt('myfile.csv', delimiter=',', dtype=None)

How do I read the first line of a string?

read the first line of a string `my_string`

my_string.splitlines()[0]

How do I read the first line of a string?

my_string.split('\n', 1)[0]

How to generate a list from a pandas DataFrame with the column name and column values?

generate a list from a pandas dataframe `df` with the column name and column values

df.values.tolist()

How to replace repeated instances of a character with a single instance of that character in python

Replace repeated instances of a character '*' with a single instance in a string 'text'

re.sub('\\*\\*+', '*', text)

How to replace repeated instances of a character with a single instance of that character in python

replace repeated instances of "*" with a single instance of "*"

re.sub('\\*+', '*', text)

Multiplying values from two different dictionaries together in Python

multiply values of dictionary `dict` with their respective values in dictionary `dict2`

dict((k, v * dict2[k]) for k, v in list(dict1.items()) if k in dict2)

Random strings in Python

Get a random string of length `length`

return ''.join(random.choice(string.lowercase) for i in range(length))

How to count all elements in a nested dictionary?

Get total number of values in a nested dictionary `food_colors`

sum(len(x) for x in list(food_colors.values()))

How to count all elements in a nested dictionary?

count all elements in a nested dictionary `food_colors`

sum(len(v) for v in food_colors.values())

How to apply a logical operator to all elements in a python list

apply logical operator 'AND' to all elements in list `a_list`

all(a_list)

Removing characters from string Python

removing vowel characters 'aeiouAEIOU' from string `text`

"""""".join(c for c in text if c not in 'aeiouAEIOU')

Divide two lists in python

Divide elements in list `a` from elements at the same index in list `b`

[(x / y) for x, y in zip(a, b)]

Capturing group with findall?

match regex 'abc(de)fg(123)' on string 'abcdefg123 and again abcdefg123'

re.findall('abc(de)fg(123)', 'abcdefg123 and again abcdefg123')

applying functions to groups in pandas dataframe

apply function `log2` to the grouped values by 'type' in dataframe `df`

df.groupby('type').apply(lambda x: np.mean(np.log2(x['v'])))

Searching if the values on a list is in the dictionary whose format is key-string, value-list(strings)

get geys of dictionary `my_dict` that contain any values from list `lst`

[key for key, value in list(my_dict.items()) if set(value).intersection(lst)]

Searching if the values on a list is in the dictionary whose format is key-string, value-list(strings)

get list of keys in dictionary `my_dict` whose values contain values from list `lst`

[key for item in lst for key, value in list(my_dict.items()) if item in value]

Add tuple to a list of tuples

Sum elements of tuple `b` to their respective elements of each tuple in list `a`

c = [[(i + j) for i, j in zip(e, b)] for e in a]

Python: Get relative path from comparing two absolute paths

get the common prefix from comparing two absolute paths '/usr/var' and '/usr/var2/log'

os.path.commonprefix(['/usr/var', '/usr/var2/log'])

Python: Get relative path from comparing two absolute paths

get relative path of path '/usr/var' regarding path '/usr/var/log/'

print(os.path.relpath('/usr/var/log/', '/usr/var'))

filtering grouped df in pandas

filter dataframe `grouped` where the length of each group `x` is bigger than 1

grouped.filter(lambda x: len(x) > 1)

Python: sorting a dictionary of lists

sort dictionary of lists `myDict` by the third item in each list

sorted(list(myDict.items()), key=lambda e: e[1][2])

What is the most pythonic way to avoid specifying the same value in a string

Format string `hello {name}, how are you {name}, welcome {name}` to be interspersed by `name` three times, specifying the value as `john` only once

"""hello {name}, how are you {name}, welcome {name}""".format(name='john')

How to reorder indexed rows based on a list in Pandas data frame

reorder indexed rows `['Z', 'C', 'A']` based on a list in pandas data frame `df`

df.reindex(['Z', 'C', 'A'])

determine if a list contains other lists

check if any values in a list `input_list` is a list

any(isinstance(el, list) for el in input_list)

get the size of a list

get the size of list `items`

len(items)

get the size of a list

get the size of a list `[1,2,3]`

len([1, 2, 3])

get the size of a list

get the size of object `items`

items.__len__()

get the size of a list

function to get the size of object

len()

get the size of a list

get the size of list `s`

len(s)

Fastest way to sort each row in a pandas dataframe

sort each row in a pandas dataframe `df` in descending order

df.sort(axis=1, ascending=False)

Fastest way to sort each row in a pandas dataframe

df.sort(df.columns, axis=1, ascending=False)

Pandas DataFrame Groupby two columns and get counts

get count of rows in each series grouped by column 'col5' and column 'col2' of dataframe `df`

df.groupby(['col5', 'col2']).size().groupby(level=1).max()

How would I check a string for a certain letter in Python?

check if string 'x' is in list `['x', 'd', 'a', 's', 'd', 's']`

'x' in ['x', 'd', 'a', 's', 'd', 's']

Delete a dictionary item if the key exists

Delete an item with key "key" from `mydict`

mydict.pop('key', None)

Delete a dictionary item if the key exists

Delete an item with key `key` from `mydict`

del mydict[key]

Delete a dictionary item if the key exists

Delete an item with key `key` from `mydict`

try: del mydict[key] except KeyError: pass try: del mydict[key] except KeyError: pass

Multiple positional arguments with Python and argparse

specify multiple positional arguments with argparse

parser.add_argument('input', nargs='+')

How to avoid line color repetition in matplotlib.pyplot?

Plot using the color code `#112233` in matplotlib pyplot

pyplot.plot(x, y, color='#112233')

Strip HTML from strings in Python

strip html from strings

re.sub('<[^<]+?>', '', text)

Align numpy array according to another array

align values in array `b` to the order of corresponding values in array `a`

a[np.in1d(a, b)]

how to split a string on the first instance of delimiter in python

split string "jvm.args= -Dappdynamics.com=true, -Dsomeotherparam=false," on the first occurrence of delimiter '='

"""jvm.args= -Dappdynamics.com=true, -Dsomeotherparam=false,""".split('=', 1)

Control a print format when printing a list in Python

print numbers in list `list` with precision of 3 decimal places

print('[%s]' % ', '.join('%.3f' % val for val in list))

Control a print format when printing a list in Python

format print output of list of floats `l` to print only up to 3 decimal points

print('[' + ', '.join('%5.3f' % v for v in l) + ']')

Control a print format when printing a list in Python

print a list of floating numbers `l` using string formatting

print([('%5.3f' % val) for val in l])

How to move to one folder back in python

Change the current directory one level up

os.chdir('..')

Convert Unicode to UTF-8 Python

print a unicode string `text`

print(text.encode('windows-1252'))

How can I convert a binary to a float number

convert string representation `s2` of binary string rep of integer to floating point number

struct.unpack('d', struct.pack('Q', int(s2, 0)))[0]

How can I convert a binary to a float number

convert a binary '-0b1110' to a float number

float(int('-0b1110', 0))

How can I convert a binary to a float number

convert a binary `b8` to a float number

struct.unpack('d', b8)[0]

Plotting categorical data with pandas and matplotlib

plot a bar graph from the column 'color' in the DataFrame 'df'

df.colour.value_counts().plot(kind='bar')

Plotting categorical data with pandas and matplotlib

plot categorical data in series `df` with kind `bar` using pandas and matplotlib

df.groupby('colour').size().plot(kind='bar')

Read lines containing integers from a file in Python?

strip and split each line `line` on white spaces

line.strip().split(' ')

Pandas how to apply multiple functions to dataframe

apply functions `mean` and `std` to each column in dataframe `df`

df.groupby(lambda idx: 0).agg(['mean', 'std'])

sorting dictionary by numeric value

sort dictionary `tag_weight` in reverse order by values cast to integers

sorted(list(tag_weight.items()), key=lambda x: int(x[1]), reverse=True)

How do I find the largest integer less than x?

find the largest integer less than `x`

int(math.ceil(x)) - 1

check if the string is empty

check if the string `myString` is empty

if (not myString): pass

Most elegant way to check if the string is empty

check if string `some_string` is empty

if (not some_string): pass

Most elegant way to check if the string is empty

check if string `my_string` is empty

if (not my_string): pass

check if the string is empty

check if string `my_string` is empty

if some_string: pass

iterate over a dictionary in sorted order

iterate over a dictionary `d` in sorted order

it = iter(sorted(d.items()))

iterate over a dictionary in sorted order

iterate over a dictionary `d` in sorted order

for (key, value) in sorted(d.items()): pass

iterate over a dictionary in sorted order

iterate over a dictionary `dict` in sorted order

return sorted(dict.items())

iterate over a dictionary in sorted order

iterate over a dictionary `dict` in sorted order

return iter(sorted(dict.items()))

iterate over a dictionary in sorted order

iterate over a dictionary `foo` in sorted order

for (k, v) in sorted(foo.items()): pass

iterate over a dictionary in sorted order

iterate over a dictionary `foo` sorted by the key

for k in sorted(foo.keys()): pass

finding the last occurrence of an item in a list python

assign the index of the last occurence of `x` in list `s` to the variable `last`

last = len(s) - s[::-1].index(x) - 1

convert list to string

concatenating values in `list1` to a string

str1 = ''.join(list1)

convert list to string

concatenating values in list `L` to a string, separate by space

' '.join((str(x) for x in L))

convert list to string

concatenating values in `list1` to a string

str1 = ''.join((str(e) for e in list1))

convert list to string

concatenating values in list `L` to a string

makeitastring = ''.join(map(str, L))

remove None value from a list without removing the 0 value

remove None value from list `L`

[x for x in L if x is not None]

How do I select a random element from an array in Python?

select a random element from array `[1, 2, 3]`

random.choice([1, 2, 3])

Creating a 2d matrix in python

creating a 5x6 matrix filled with `None` and save it as `x`

x = [[None for _ in range(5)] for _ in range(6)]