id
stringlengths 2
8
| url
stringlengths 31
389
| title
stringlengths 1
250
| text
stringlengths 2
355k
|
|---|---|---|---|
17325363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torneo%20Rep%C3%BAblica | Torneo República | The Torneo República (Republic Tournament) is a defunct official football tournament from Paraguay. The competition was held at the beginning of the year and its purpose was to integrate teams from the Asunción area with teams from other departments in order to give teams from all over the country a chance to qualify for international CONMEBOL tournaments.
Finals
''*undefeated
References
Bibliography
Corporación Deportiva Fénix (ed.) Campeones Oficiales. (In Spanish) Retrieved Nov 8, 2012.
Torres, Carlos (Oct 30, 2012) D10 (ed.) «Los equipos "campesinos" en la Primera División». (In Spanish) Retrieved Dec 20, 2012.
Defunct football competitions in Paraguay
1990 in Paraguayan football
1991 in Paraguayan football
1992 in Paraguayan football
1993 in Paraguayan football
1995 in Paraguayan football |
23571375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Winton | Alan Winton | Alan Peter Winton (born 4 September 1958) is the Bishop of Thetford in the Church of England Diocese of Norwich.
Education and family
Winton was educated at Sheffield University, whence he was awarded his Bachelor of Arts (BA Hons) honours degree in Biblical Studies in 1983. He then studied for and received his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) from that university in 1987, then trained for the ministry at Lincoln Theological College. Winton married in 1982, and they have two children; his wife is also a priest.
Ministerial career
Winton was made a deacon at Petertide 1991 (29 June), by Jim Thompson, Bishop of Stepney, at St Paul's Cathedral, and ordained a priest the Petertide following (29 June 1992), by Brian Masters, Bishop of Edmonton, at All Hallows, Gospel Oak; his first (title) post was as assistant curate (1991–1995) of Christ Church Southgate, London. His first post of responsibility was priest in charge of St Paul's Walden with Preston, Hertfordshire (1995–1999), during which time he was simultaneously Continuing Ministerial Education (CME) Officer for that diocese. Finally (before his appointment to the episcopate) he served in Welwyn, first as Rector (1999–2005) of St Mary the Virgin, Welwyn, and of St Michael, Welwyn, with St Peter, Ayot St Peter; then as Team Rector (2005–2009) of the new Welwyn Team Ministry. During the latter part of that appointment, from 2007, he was also an honorary canon of St Albans Abbey.
In 2009, he was appointed to become Bishop of Thetford, one of the two suffragan bishops in the Diocese of Norwich. He was consecrated as bishop by Rowan Williams, Archbishop of Canterbury, on 29 September 2009 (Michaelmas), at St Paul's Cathedral.
Styles
The Reverend Doctor Alan Winton (1991–2007)
The Reverend Canon Doctor Alan Winton (2007–2009)
The Right Reverend Doctor Alan Winton (2009–present)
Notes
References
1958 births
Alumni of the University of Sheffield
21st-century Church of England bishops
Bishops of Thetford
Living people
Alumni of Lincoln Theological College |
23571378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Members%20of%20the%20Victorian%20Legislative%20Assembly%2C%201856%E2%80%931859 | Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly, 1856–1859 | This is a list of members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly from the elections of 23 September – 24 October 1856 to those of 26 August – 26 September 1859. The Assembly was created in 1856.
Note the "Term in Office" refers to that members term(s) in the Assembly, not necessarily for that electorate.
Notes
O'Shanassy won both Melbourne and Kilmore districts, deciding to represent the latter he resigned from Melbourne. The by-election for Melbourne in January 1857 was won by Henry Langlands.
Baragwanath resigned in December 1857, replaced by John Everard in an January 1858 by-election.
Cameron resigned in March 1857, replaced by John Wood in an April 1857 by-election.
Childers resigned in February 1857, replaced by John Findlay in a July 1857 by-election.
Clarke resigned in August 1858, replaced by Robert Anderson in an October 1858 by-election.
Fellows resigned in May 1858, replaced by John Crews in a May 1858 by-election.
Fyfe resigned in November 1857, replaced by George Board in a February 1858 by-election
Goodman resigned in January 1858, replaced by William Forlonge in a January 1858 by-election. Forlonge resigned in January 1859, replaced in turn by William Nicholson in a January 1859 by-election
Greeves resigned in March 1857, replaced by Richard Heales in a March 1857 by-election
Griffith resigned in February 1858, replaced by William Mollison in an April 1858 by-election
Haines left Parliament around November 1858, replaced by John Bell in a January 1859 by-election.
King resigned in September 1857, replaced by John Johnson in a November 1857 by-election
McDougall resigned in August 1857, replaced by Joseph Wilkie in an August 1857 by-election
Palmer resigned in July 1857, replaced by Richard Davies Ireland in an August 1857 by-election
Pasley resigned in July 1857, replaced by Sidney Ricardo in a July 1857 by-election.
Pyke resigned in February 1857, replaced by Robert Sitwell in a March 1857 by-election
Read resigned in February 1858, replaced by James Harrison in an April 1858 by-election
Rutherford resigned in July 1857, replaced by Theodore Hancock in a July 1857 by-election
Sargood resigned in December 1857, replaced by Henry Chapman in a January 1858 by-election.
Sladen resigned in March 1857, replaced by Alexander Thomson in December 1857
Stawell resigned in February 1857, replaced by James Service in March 1857
Were resigned in February 1857, replaced by Charles Ebden in a March 1857 by-election
References
Members of the Parliament of Victoria by term
19th-century Australian politicians |
17325370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbia%20Zijin%20Bor%20Copper | Serbia Zijin Bor Copper | Serbia Zijin Bor Copper, formerly known as RTB Bor, is a copper mining and smelting complex located in Bor, Serbia.
History
Formation and expansion
The first geological explorations of copper ore in Bor area were conducted in 1897 and covered the area at the time called "Tilva Roš". The explorations were performed by the Serbian industrialist Đorđe Vajfert, who later provided investments of capital from France and set up a company called the "French Society of the Bor Mines, the Concession St. George". The company, with its headquarters in Paris, started operations on 1 June 1904. The French capital remained in Bor until the end of the World War II.
1951–1988: SFR Yugoslavia
In 1951, the company's assets were nationalized by the Government of SFR Yugoslavia. Since then, the company Bor was in the state ownership.
From 1951 until 1988, the company has changed its organizational structure, from the "organization of associated labor" to state-owned enterprise "RTB Bor".
1990s–2000s
During 1993, following the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia and the outbreak of the Yugoslav Wars, RTB Bor made various investments which further initiated opening of the new mining operations such as new pit mine called "Cerovo".
Since the mid-1990s and during the time of sanctions on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, production in the RTB Bor dropped significantly from the very prosperous 1970s and 1980s. This has been due to both diminishing reserves and the inability to obtain new equipment that would most efficiently gather the remaining ore, which is no longer of such a high grade. Copper mining as the key basis of Bor's economy had significant effects on Bor's inhabitants due to decreased production during the 1990s and 2000s.
2007–2008 failed purchases
In March 2007, the Government of Serbia sold RTB Bor to the Romanian Cuprom for a sum of US$400 million. Cuprom pledged to modernize the production facilities in RTB Bor and Majdanpek mine, in order to improve the productivity levels. However, due to Cuprom's failure to meet a deadline regarding the financing, the Government of Serbia had cut the deal and the complex was put up for privatization once again.
In February 2008, following the second tender, RTB Bor was sold to the Austrian A-TEC for a sum of $466 million plus obligation to invest $180.4 million in facilities.
After the signing of the contract was made, the first $150 million was delivered by A-TEC. However, the problems arose after A-TEC missed its deadline for the second payment at $230 million, due to A-TEC's trouble to secure bank guarantees due to the global recession caused by the financial crisis of 2007–2008. A-TEC was not permitted to see returned the $150 million it had already paid. The Government of Serbia later voted to scrap the contract and offer Oleg Deripaska's Strikeforce Mining and Resources (SMR) as the second ranked bidder a chance to purchase RTB Bor. However, after a set of negotiations, SMR decided not to increase their first offer and the second tender had officially failed.
2008–2017
For more than two decades, RTB Bor has been among the most unprofitable Serbian companies, with the accumulated debt of more than 1 billion euros. However, the Government of Serbia kept investing hundreds of millions euros in new production facilities, and even wrote off company's debts worth 1 billion euros to the government-owned companies such as Elektroprivreda Srbije.
Even with high copper prices on global markets, RTB Bor continued with financial losses. For calendar year 2015 net loss was around 110 million euros and for 2016 it amounted to 42 million euros.
In 2017, Greek Mytilineos Holdings won a multi-year trial against RTB Bor before the Geneva Arbitration Tribunal, seeking $40 million for failure to fulfill the contract and subsequent financial losses. During the 1990s, RTB Bor imported the copper concentrate from Mytilineos, processed it, but never sent back 4,000 tonnes of processed copper to the Greek company. Mytilineos has also launched several other lawsuits against RTB Bor over the non-fulfilled contracts signed during the 1990s.
In 2017, according to the general director Spaskovski, RTB Bor had a positive net result after years of net losses, with $306 million (€255 million) of revenues and $73 million (€61 million) of EBITDA. For 2017, around 18 million tonnes of ore was mined, of which 235,000 tonnes of concentrate was processed and finally, 43,000 tonnes of copper, 5 tonnes of silver and 700 kilograms of gold was obtained. Around 75% of the processed copper is exported, while the rest is being further processed by domestic copper companies "Valjaonica bakra Sevojno" and "Pometon".
2017–present
In 2017, the Government of Serbia was obliged to find a strategic partner or buyer by March 2018, in a memorandum with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The sale was later postponed until June 2018. Three companies - Zijin Mining from China, Diamond Fields International from Canada and U Gold from Russia - placed bids in a tender for a strategic partner. The Serbian government has chosen the Chinese Zijin Mining Group as its strategic partner for the copper mining and smelting complex, RTB Bor.
On 31 August 2018, Chinese mining company Zijin Mining took over 63% of shares of the company, in a $1.26 billion deal with the Government of Serbia. On 18 December 2018, Zijin Mining formally took over the company under new name "Zijin Bor Copper". Later, it was announced that suffix "Serbia" will be added. For 2018 calendar year, Zijin Bor Copper had net income of around 760 million euros, with most of it coming from debts conversion into shares.
Organization
RTB Bor Group is composed of the following subsidies:
RBB – Copper Mine Bor
RBM – Copper Mine Majdanpek
TIR – Smelter and Refinery
The ledges of the Zijin Bor Copper are located in the southwestern part of the Carpathian Mountains and are mostly of porphyry type within the Upper Bor District eruptive area. The currently undeveloped underground site "Borska Reka", located within the Jama mine, represents a very significant potential mineral resource.
The overview of total resources:
Criticism
Air pollution
Several protests has been held in Bor in eastern Serbia over excessive air pollution that has been intensified since Zijin took over copper miner Rudarsko-Topioničarski Basen (RTB) in late 2018. Since January 2019, Bor has been struggling with excessive air pollution, with sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels topping 2,000 micrograms per cubic meter, up from the maximum allowed 350. Protesters demanded that the city government urgently adopt a plan so that the line ministry and state inspectorates can react to the alarming pollution levels in Bor. As early as April 2019, the inspector had ordered the company to take action against air pollution of the environment, human health and the environment, because it emitted excessive SO2. Zijin then explained in a letter to the Ministry of Environment that the power outage had caused pollution. However, control a few months later, in August, showed another omission – Zijin did not have a system for wet dust removal during the transportation of tailings on the Bor mine, which also threatened human health and the environment. Zijin was ordered to solve the problem, and the company later told the Ministry that a dust suppression system had been installed, which was put to trial. In November 2019, CINS sought an interview with Zijin on the topic of air pollution, to which the company responded with a press release. It says that by the end of the year, the company will have a total of five SO2-neutralized dust spray machines. Documentation obtained by CINS shows that by that time, two of the machines purchased had been in operation for about two months, but pollution data showed that it had no significant effect on the reduction of sulfur dioxide.
Gallery
See also
List of copper production by company
Valjaonica bakra Sevojno
Bor mine
Borska Reka mine
Dumitru Potok mine
Mali Krivelj mine
Majdanpek mine
Veliki Krivelj mine
References
External links
Rudnik dugova at insajder.net
Bor, Serbia
1904 establishments in Serbia
2003 mergers and acquisitions
2018 mergers and acquisitions
Companies based in Bor
Copper mining companies of Serbia
D.o.o. companies in Serbia
Energy companies of Serbia
Metal companies of Serbia
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1904
Serbian brands
Smelting
Companies of Yugoslavia
Smelters of Yugoslavia
Smelters of Serbia
Copper smelters |
17325393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk%20Stocking%20Sal | Silk Stocking Sal | Silk Stocking Sal is a 1924 American drama film directed by Tod Browning and starring Evelyn Brent.
Plot
As described in a review in a film magazine, member of an underworld gang Sal (Brent), while robbing a safe in a house, is surprised by the owner Bob Cooper (Ellis), who falls for her story and gives her enough money to go straight. She laughs at him, but her mother's sympathy makes an impression on her so she takes a job at Bob's office. Bob's partner is murdered, and Bob is convicted and sentenced, based upon circumstantial evidence, to death in the electric chair. Sal is so sure that Bull Reagan (Metcalfe), leader of a gang, is the murderer that she rejoins the gang. At the last minute, she taunts a confession out of him. Bob is saved and finds happiness with Sal.
Cast
Promotion
A theater in Waterloo, Iowa, reportedly handed out a pair of silk stockings as a promotion to viewers.
Preservation
With no prints of Silk Stocking Sal located in any film archives, it, as with most FBO films of the mid-1920s, is a lost film.
References
External links
1924 films
American silent feature films
American black-and-white films
1924 drama films
Films directed by Tod Browning
Lost American films
Silent American drama films
Film Booking Offices of America films
1924 lost films
Lost drama films
1920s American films |
23571388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garena | Garena | Garena is a Singaporean game developer and publisher of free online games. It is the digital entertainment arm of parent company Sea Ltd, which was formerly named Garena.
The company distributes game titles on Garena+ in various countries across Southeast Asia and Taiwan, including the multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) games League of Legends and Heroes of Newerth, the online football (soccer) game FIFA Online 3, the first-person shooter game Point Blank, the mobile MOBA game Arena of Valor and the mobile racing game Speed Drifters.
In 2017, it released Garena Free Fire, which had over 80 million daily active users globally as of May 2020.
History
Game developments
In November 2011, Garena announced its publishing rights for the team-based shooter game, Firefall, in Southeast Asia and Taiwan.
In December 2011, Garena announced their collaboration with online games developer, Changyou, to publish and operate the popular 3D martial arts game, Duke of Mount Deer, in Taiwan. The game was the first MMORPG game available through Garena+. The game combines a classic Chinese story with the latest 3D rendering technology and cinematic quality graphics. Duke of Mount Deer was created by several top online-gaming experts from China and South Korea and has gained much popularity in China. The same month, the "Dominion" game mode for Garena's League of Legends players in Singapore and Malaysia.
In 2012, it launched its first product, Garena+, an online game and social platform for people to discover, download and play online games.
In 2014, the World Startup Report valued Garena as a 1 billion internet company and ranked it as the largest internet company in Singapore.
Recent updates
In March 2015, the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan (OTPP), one of the largest pension funds in the world, invested in Garena, valuing the company at over US$2.5 billion.
In May 2017, Garena was renamed to Sea Limited. However, Garena was retained as a brand name of Sea Limited (aka Sea Group).
In October 2017, Sea Limited filed for an initial public offering on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and aimed to raise US$1 billion. Before the IPO, Tencent was the major shareholder of Sea Limited, for around 20% of outstanding shares and is currently at 18.7%. It was followed by Blue Dolphins Venture, established by Forrest Li, for 15%. Li personally owned 20% shares, and Chief Technology Officer, Gang Ye, 10%.
In January 2021, Garena acquired Vancouver-based Phoenix Labs, the developers of Dauntless. The acquisition did not affect the operations of Phoenix Labs or Dauntless, but helped Garena expand its international presence.
As of the second quarter of 2021, Garena recorded 725 million active users, 45% more than the year prior, while the number of paid users grew 85% year-on-year, reaching 92 million. The outlook for Garena is expected to decline in 2022, after reports in March 2022 suggested that Garena will post US$2.9 to US$3.1 billion in bookings for the year, down from US$4.6 billion in 2021. The muted forecast would be Garena's first decline in business ever. The ban imposed on its Free Fire title in India across both Google Play and Apple app stores has been cited as a contributory factor.
Products
Garena+ is an online game and social platform that has an interface similar to instant messaging platforms. Garena+ allows gamers to develop buddy lists, chat with friends online and check on game progress and achievements. Gamers can create their own unique identity by customizing their avatar or changing their names. Gamers are also able to form groups or clans, and chat with multiple gamers simultaneously through public or private channels through Garena+. Garena+ users use a virtual currency, Shells.
Other products include BeeTalk and TalkTalk.
Events and tournaments
In May 2012, Garena launched the Garena Premier League (GPL), a six-month-long online professional gaming league with more than 100 matches to be played. The first season of GPL is a League of Legends competition which comprises six professional teams. The teams are: the Bangkok Titans, KL Hunters, Manila Eagles, Saigon Jokers, Taipei Assassins and Singapore Sentinels, which represent top players from respective countries. GPL matches are captured and broadcast online along with commentaries, which are available for viewers to watch on the GPL official website.
In January 2013, Garena announced the second season of the Garena Premier League, which would start on 4 January 2013. Garena Premier League 2013 includes two new teams from Taiwan and Vietnam, bringing the total number of teams to eight. The teams are: AHQ, Saigon Fantastic Five (SF5), Bangkok Titans, KL Hunters, Manila Eagles, Saigon Jokers, Taipei Assassins and Singapore Sentinels.
In November 2014, the Garena e-Sports Stadium, a dedicated venue for esports, opened in Neihu District, Taipei. The studio was built partially to accommodate the beginning of the League of Legends Masters Series, the top-level Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau LoL league that was spin-off of the GPL.
In January 2015, Garena launched Iron Solari League, a women's League of Legends tournament in the Philippines. It is a monthly event organized in the second half of each month. It aims to encourage participation by under-represented groups and is open to all those who self-identify as female.
Besides competitive tournaments, Garena also organizes events to cater to users to meet and connect offline. This includes the annual Garena Carnival held in Singapore and Malaysia.
Controversies
On 3 February 2015, Garena eSports announced limitations on the number of gay and transgender people participating in a women-only League of Legends tournament, due to concerns that LGBT participants might have an "unfair advantage". This led to gamers questioning the decision, while League of Legends developer Riot Games responded that "LGBT players are welcome at official LoL tourneys". On 4 February 2015, Garena apologized and subsequently removed the restrictions.
Published games
Garena provides a platform for game titles such as Defense of the Ancients and Age of Empires, and also publishes games, like multiplayer online battle arena games League of Legends, Heroes of Newerth, Free Fire, Call Of Duty and Black Shot for players in the region.
Garena-published games:
See also
List of game companies in Singapore
References
External links
Official website (Indonesian)
Official website (Taiwan)
2009 establishments in Singapore
Android (operating system) games
Companies of Singapore
iOS games
Mass media companies established in 2009
Multiplayer video game services
Singaporean brands
Singaporean social networking websites
Video game companies established in 2009 |
17325396 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Bates%20%28technologist%29 | Jeff Bates (technologist) | Jeff Bates, also known as hemos, is the co-founder of Slashdot along with Rob Malda ("CmdrTaco").
Biography
Bates graduated from Holland Christian High School in 1994 and received a Bachelor's degree in History and Biology from Hope College in 1998.
Malda and Bates created Slashdot in 1997, while undergraduates at Hope College. In 1999 they sold the site to Andover.net, which was acquired by VA Linux Systems in 2000 (which became SourceForge, Inc. in 2007, then Geeknet, Inc. in 2009).
Bates served as Director of Media Operations for Geeknet from May 2001 through July 2004, when he became Vice President of Editorial Operations and Executive Editor of Slashdot. In February 2008 he became Geeknet's Vice President of Platform and headed the core engineering and product teams for Slashdot, freshmeat, and SourceForge.
In August 2011, Bates joined Google. He worked at Google as Chief of Staff for the CIO, and as of 2019, is the Chief of Product Operations.
Slashdot
Bates and Malda founded Slashdot in July 1997 under the name "chips and dips", renamed in September 1997. Slashdot was a technology-related news website, which features user-submitted and evaluated news stories about science and technology related topics.
In 2012, Slashdot had around 3.7 million unique visitors per month and received over 5300 comments per day. The site has won more than 20 awards, including People's Voice Awards in 2000 for Best Community Site and Best News Site. Occasionally, a story will link to a server causing a large surge of traffic, which can overwhelm some smaller or independent sites. This phenomenon is known as the Slashdot effect.
References
Living people
American computer businesspeople
American Internet celebrities
Geeknet
Hope College alumni
Slashdot
1976 births
21st-century American businesspeople
Google employees |
23571397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%99e%C5%BEany%20I | Břežany I | Břežany I is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
The Roman numeral in the name serves to distinguish it from the nearby municipality of the same name, Břežany II.
Administrative parts
The village of Chocenice is an administrative part of Břežany I.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C5%99e%C5%BEany%20II | Břežany II | Břežany II is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.
The Roman numeral in the name serves to distinguish it from the nearby municipality of the same name, Břežany I.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADrkvice%20%28Kol%C3%ADn%20District%29 | Církvice (Kolín District) | Církvice is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dob%C5%99ichov | Dobřichov | Dobřichov is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
17325401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teoc%2C%20Mississippi | Teoc, Mississippi | Teoc is an unincorporated community in Carroll County, Mississippi and is part of the Greenwood, Mississippi micropolitan area approximately northeast of Greenwood on Teoc Road along Teoc Creek.
History
Located about eight miles northwest of North Carrollton, Teoc is probably the oldest settlement in Carroll County. The community takes its name from Teoc Creek.
A post office operated under the name Teoc from 1860 to 1907.
William Alexander McCain, great-great grandfather of Arizona former senator John McCain, purchased Teoc Plantation in 1851 and owned at least 52 slaves there. He died in 1863, fighting for the Confederacy during the American Civil War. Bill McCain, a descendant and cousin of Senator McCain, still owns 1500 of the plantation's former . Since 2003, black and white descendants of the community at Teoc have attended family reunions organized by the black McCains, descended from two of the plantation's slaves, Isom and Lettie, and Henderson McCain. After the Civil War, the blacks remained closely entwined with Teoc, remaining as tenants of William Alexander's son, John Sidney McCain, and adopting the McCain surname.
Black people surnamed McCain in Teoc, organizers of schooling for African-American children in the 1880s, were local leaders in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.
Notable people
William Hemingway, mayor of Jackson, Mississippi from 1901 to 1905 and member of the Mississippi House of Representatives in 1920.
Blues singer Mississippi John Hurt was born in Teoc.
George Redditt, member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from 1916 to 1920
References
Unincorporated communities in Mississippi
Unincorporated communities in Carroll County, Mississippi
Greenwood, Mississippi micropolitan area |
23571402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doln%C3%AD%20Chvatliny | Dolní Chvatliny | Dolní Chvatliny is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
Dolní Chvatliny is located southwest of Kolín and east of Prague.
Administrative parts
Villages of Horní Chvatliny and Mančice are administrative parts of Dolní Chvatliny.
History
The first written mention of Chvatliny, when Dolní Chvatliny and Horní Chvatliny have not yet been distinguished, is from 1250.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
17325431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C3%A1iste%20Chroabh%20Abhann | Coláiste Chroabh Abhann | Coláiste Chraobh Abhann [English: The College of a Branch over a River] is a community secondary school situated in Kilcoole, County Wicklow, Ireland. It is owned and run by the Kildare and Wicklow Education and Training Board. It was built in 2003 and reached its capacity of 560 students in 2009.
Students at the school sit the Junior Certificate syllabus for their first three years at the school, and the Leaving Certificate syllabus for their last two, with the option of Transition Year between.
References
External links
http://www.colaisteca.ie/
Secondary schools in County Wicklow
2003 establishments in Ireland
Educational institutions established in 2003 |
17325448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Werewolf%20of%20Ponkert | The Werewolf of Ponkert | The Werewolf of Ponkert is a collection of two horror short stories by H. Warner Munn. It was published in book form with its sequel in 1958 by The Grandon Company in an edition of 500 copies. The edition was reissued as a hardback book by Centaur Books of New York in 1971, and as a paperback edition in 1976.
The first story, "The Werewolf of Ponkert" arose from a comment by H.P. Lovecraft suggesting a story written from the werewolf's point of view.
The stories, from Munn's Tales of the Werewolf Clan series (collected in book form, 2 vols., 1979), first appeared in the magazine Weird Tales. The first story was originally published in Weird Tales magazine, Vol. 6, No. 1, Issue 22, July 1925. The sequel, "The Werewolf's Daughter" (in abridged form) was published in Weird Tales, Vol. 12, No. 4, No. 5 & No. 6 (Issues 61, 62 & 63) in October 1928, November 1928 & December 1928.
Contents
"The Werewolf of Ponkert"
"The Werewolf's Daughter"
References
Sources
1958 short story collections
Horror short story collections
Werewolf written fiction
Works originally published in Weird Tales |
23571404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%20submarine%20I-31 | Japanese submarine I-31 | The Japanese submarine I-31 was one of 20 Type B cruiser submarines of the B1 sub-class built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the 1940s.
Design and description
The Type B submarines were derived from the earlier KD6 sub-class of the and were equipped with an aircraft to enhance their scouting ability. They displaced surfaced and submerged. The submarines were long, had a beam of and a draft of . They had a diving depth of .
For surface running, the boats were powered by two diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a electric motor. They could reach on the surface and underwater. On the surface, the B1s had a range of at ; submerged, they had a range of at .
The boats were armed with six internal bow torpedo tubes and carried a total of 17 torpedoes. They were also armed with a single /40 deck gun and two single mounts for Type 96 anti-aircraft guns. In the Type Bs, the aircraft hangar was faired into the base of the conning tower. A single catapult was positioned on the forward deck.
Career
November 1942 I-31 was spotted doing doing reconnaissance with its seaplane off Suva, Fiji.
On 12 May 1943 I-31 torpedoed attacked the USS Pennsylvania and the USS Santa Fe (CL-60) nine miles northeast of Holtz Bay, all missed.
On 12 May 1943, near Holtz Bay, Attu, her periscope was sighted by American destroyers, and , who immediately opened fire. I-31 dove quickly but not before Edwards scored hits. The destroyers quickly made sonar contact and began a series of depth charge attacks until, after surviving for 10 hours, she was sunk by Frazier on 13 May.
Notes
References
External links
1941 ships
1943 in Alaska
World War II submarines of Japan
Japanese submarines lost during World War II
Ships built by Yokosuka Naval Arsenal
Ships of the Aleutian Islands campaign
Shipwrecks of the Alaska coast
Type B1 submarines
World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean
Maritime incidents in May 1943 |
23571405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom%C3%A1novice | Dománovice | Dománovice is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
17325461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana%20McIntosh | Diana McIntosh | Diana McIntosh (born March 4, 1937 in Calgary, Alberta) is a contemporary Canadian composer and pianist who is based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Hailed by the Canadian Encyclopedia as "a champion of 20th-century Canadian music", she has premiered piano works by such Canadian composers as Peter Allen (Logos, 1977), Norma Beecroft (Cantorum Vitae, 1981), Robert Daigneault (Corridors, Reminiscences, 1977), Alexina Louie (Pearls, 1980), Marjan Mozetich (Apparition 1985), Boyd McDonald (Fantasy, 1974), Jean Papineau-Couture (Les Arabesques d'Isabelle, 1990), Ann Southam (Four Bagatelles, 1964 & Integruities, 1973 & Inter-views, 1975), Robert Turner (Homage to Melville, 1974), and John Winiarz (Vortices, 1977). In 1977, she and Southam co-founded Music Inter Alia (MIA), a concert series of "contemporary music for people who don't like contemporary music". She served as the MIA's director until 1991.
McIntosh earned an associate degree from The Royal Conservatory of Music in 1957 and a Licentiate in Music in 1961. While there she was a pupil of Boris Roubakine. In 1972, she received a Bachelor of Music from the University of Manitoba where she was a pupil of Alma Brock-Smith and Robert Turner. She also studied with Adele Marcus at the Aspen Music Festival and School and privately in New York City. Her other teachers included Gladys Egbert (studies in Calgary), Leonard Isaacs (studies in Winnipeg), and Michael Colgrass (studies in Toronto).
Works
Diana McIntosh Catalogue of Works
References
External links
Official Website of Diana McIntosh
1937 births
Living people
Aspen Music Festival and School alumni
Canadian women pianists
Musicians from Calgary
The Royal Conservatory of Music alumni
University of Manitoba alumni
Women classical pianists
21st-century Canadian composers
21st-century Canadian pianists
21st-century women composers
Canadian women composers
21st-century Canadian women musicians |
23571406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubrav%C4%8Dice | Doubravčice | Doubravčice is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drahobudice | Drahobudice | Drahobudice is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landgericht | Landgericht | Landgericht may refer to:
Landgericht (Germany), a mid-level court in the present-day judicial system of Germany
For example,
Landgericht Berlin
Landgericht Bremen
Landgericht (medieval), a regional magistracy in the Holy Roman Empire |
23571411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grunta | Grunta | Grunta is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 90 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrade%C5%A1%C3%ADn | Hradešín | Hradešín is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chotutice | Chotutice | Chotutice is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
History
The first written mention of Chotutice is from 1100.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho%C5%A5ovice | Choťovice | Choťovice is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chr%C3%A1%C5%A1%C5%A5any%20%28Kol%C3%ADn%20District%29 | Chrášťany (Kolín District) | Chrášťany is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 700 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Bylany and Chotouň are administrative parts of Chrášťany.
Notable people
Procopius of Sázava (?–1053), saint; born in Chotouň according to legend
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jest%C5%99ab%C3%AD%20Lhota | Jestřabí Lhota | Jestřabí Lhota is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 500 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571417 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kbel%20%28Kol%C3%ADn%20District%29 | Kbel (Kolín District) | Kbel is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Kbílek is an administrative part of Kbel.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
17325491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/See%20You%2C%20See%20Me | See You, See Me | See you, See me is an Educational programme set in Scotland. It aired on BBC2 for several series between 1993 and 2005. The equivalent programme broadcast from London was Zig Zag, as both series focused on the 7 – 9 age group. Some early episodes were 15 minutes in length, while most programmes were 20 minutes. Grant Stott and Wilma Kennedy were the presenters from the beginning until the 2000s. Three series involved exploring Scottish Physical Features which saw the arrival of Goggs the Alien and Tess McCalli. Tess had a call from an American man called Mr Penneny who lived in New York City. Mr Penneny wanted to find out about the Central Lowlands
where See you, See me is filmed. Series 4 was Aired in 2005 and starred Katrina Bryan and Gavin Mitchell. The latest series was presented by James MacKenzie who explored the geography and the history of Scotland.
Episodes
First broadcast in 1994 episodes:
Romans in Scotland (15 minute episodes) (repeated in 2000)
Programme 1 Frontier people
Programme 2 Home
Programme 3 Food
Programme 4 Health
Programme 5 Trade
First broadcast in Autumn 1995 episodes:
1960's
Programme 1 Entertainment
Programme 2 Home life
Programme 3 School life
Programme 4 Shops and money
Programme 5 Transport
First broadcast in 1997 episodes:
Health
1. Food Is Fun
2. Food Is Fuel
3. Feeling Fine
4. Breathe Easy
5. Being Different
Maps
1. Landscape
2. Symbols
3. Farm And Croft
4. Towns
5. Transport
Scotland (broadcast Spring 1997)
1. Hill
2. Glen
3. River
4. Moor
5. Sea Loch
Weather
1. Weather: Rain And Snow
2. Weather: Sun And Wind
3. Weather Music
4. Weather: Art
5. Weather: Movement
First broadcast in 1998 episodes:
Vikings
1. Sea (12,13 January 1998)
2. Invaders (19, 20 January 1998)
3. Home And Settlements (26, 27 January 1998)
4. Women And Girls (2, 3 February 1998)
5. Trade And Crafts (9, 10, 16, 17 February 1998)
Design
1. Designing Your Clothes (23, 24 February)
2. Designing Your Place (2, 3 March)
3. Designing Your Environment (9, 10 March)
4. Designing To Tell (16, 17 March)
5. Designing To Entertain (23, 24 March)
Networks
1. Getting Around Town
2. Getting Out of Town
3. Goods on the Move 1
4. Goods on the Move 2
5. Eurolinks
Castles
1. Building A Castle
2. Living in a Castle
3. Castle Under Siege
4. Castle Banquet
5. Castle at Leisure
First broadcast in 1999 episodes:
Money
1. What Is Money?
2. What Is A Bank?
3. Money at Work
Where We Live
1. Falkirk And Stromness 1
2. Falkirk And Stromness 2
First broadcast in 2000 episodes:
Farming
1. On The Farm
2. Farmer's Year
Space
1. Solar System
2. Sun And Moon
3. Space Quest
Scotland's Inventors
1. Communication – John Logie Baird
2. Transport – James Watt
3. Medicine – Alexander Fleming
Cycle into Europe
1. Good Cycling
2. In The Town
3. In The Country
Buildings of Faith
1. Christian Church
2. Jewish Synagogue
3. Moslem Mosque
4. Sikh Gurdwara
Autumn 2001
1 Money
Programme 1. What Is Money?
Programme 2. What Is A Bank?
Programme 3. Money at Work
2 Picts and Scots
Programme 1 The Picts
Programme 2 The Scotti
Programme 3 The New Scots
3 Transport Networks
Programme 1 Getting around town
Programme 2 Getting out of town
Programme 3 Goods on the move I – rail and sea links
Programme 4 Goods on the move II – road links
Programme 5 Euro links
Spring 2002
1 The Vikings
Programme 1 The sea
Programme 2 Invaders
Programme 3 Homes
Programme 4 Women and girls
Programme 5 Trade and crafts
Autumn 2002
1 Scotland's Inventors
2 Weather – People and Place
Spring 2003
1 Are you eco-friendly?
Programme 1 The seashore
Programme 2 The river
Programme 3 The town
Programme 4 The forest
Programme 5 The mountain
2 Castles
Programme 1 Building a castle
Programme 2 Living in a castle
Programme 3 Castle under siege
Programme 4 A castle banquet
Programme 5 A castle at leisure
Autumn 2003
1 Buildings of Faith
Programme 1. Christian Church
Programme 2. Jewish Synagogue
Programme 3. Moslem Mosque
Programme 4. Sikh Gurdwara
2 Cycle into Europe
Programme One Safe cycling
Programme Two in town
Programme Three The countryside
Autumn 2004
1 Scotland's Inventors
Programme 1 Communication
Programme 2 Transport
Programme 3 Medicine
2 Skara Brae
Programme 1 The evidence
Programme 2 The discovery
4 Farming
5 Space
Programme 1. Solar System
Programme 2. Sun And Moon
Programme 3. Space Quest
Spring 2005
1 Scottish physical features part 2 – The Central Lowlands
Programme 1 Powerful Places
Programme 2 Restless Rivers
Programme 3 Volcanic Scotland
2 Weather – People and place
Programme 1. Rain and Snow 17 January: 1030–1050
Programme 2. Sun and Wind 17 January: 1050–1110
Autumn 2005
1 Citizenship: making decisions
Programme 1 at home with decisions
Programme 2 Out and about with T.O.P.S.
2 Are you eco-friendly?
Programme 1 The seashore
Programme 2 The river
Programme 3 The town
Programme 4 The forest
Programme 5 The mountain
3 Money
Programme 1 What is money?
Programme 2 What is a bank?
Programme 3 Making and spending money
Spring 2006
1 Scottish physical features part 3 – The Southern Uplands
2 Risk
Programme 1 Living dangerously
Programme 2 Stick to your guns
Autumn 2006
1 Castles
Programme 1 Building a castle
Programme 2 Living in a castle
Programme 3 Castle under siege
Programme 4 A castle banquet
Programme 5 A castle at leisure
2 The Highlands and Islands
Programme 6 The Grampian Tour
Programme 7 The Northern Tour
Programme 8 The Island Tour
3 Farming
Programme 9 on the farm
Programme 10 The farmer's year
Spring 2007
Vikings in Scotland
Programme 1 The coming of the Norse
Programme 2 The success of the Norse
Programme 3 The legacy of the Norse
Financial capability – Treasure!
Programme 4 The bounty and the budget
Programme 5 Debts and doubloons
Autumn 2007
Buildings of Faith
Programme 1 The Jewish Synagogue (15 October)
Programme 2 The Sikh Gurdwara
Programme 3 The Christian Church (12 November)
Programme 4 The Islamic Mosque (19 November)
Spring 2008
1 Skara Brae
Programme 1 The evidence (10 January)
Programme 2 The discovery (17 January)
2 Birds
Programme 1 Urban birds (24 January)
Programme 2 Rural birds (31 January)
Programme 3 Coastal birds (7 February)
3 Central lowlands
Programme 1 Powerful Places (28 February)
Programme 2 Restless Rivers (6 March)
Programme 3 Volcanic Scotland (13 March)
4 Cycle into Europe
Cycle into Europe
Programme One Safe cycling (29 February)
Programme Two in town (7 March)
Programme Three The countryside (14 March)
Autumn 2008
Financial Capability
Mondays 11:40
3 November 2008 The Bounty and the Budget
10 November 2008 Debts and Doubloons
The Romans
Fridays 11:40
7 November 2008 Programme 1
14 November 2008 Programme 2
Vikings in Scotland
Fridays 11:40
21 November 2008 The Coming of the Norse
28 November 2008 The Success of the Norse
5 December 2008 The Legacy of the Norse
BBC Scotland Education Teacher Notes 2001 – 2008
Series One 1993
Historic Scotland 1 – 4 September 1993
Historic Scotland 2 – 11 September 1993
Historic Scotland 3 – 18 September 1993
Series Two 1999
Finding out 1 – 1 January 1999
Finding out 2 – 8 January 1999
Finding out 3 – 15 January 1999
Series Three 2004
Decisions 1 – 22 March 2004
Decisions 2 – 29 March 2004
Decisions 3 – 5 April 2004
Series Four 2005
Powerful places – 7 January 2005
Restless Rivers – 14 January 2005
Volcanic Scotland – 21 January 2005
Series Five 2007 –
The Vikings of Scotland – 30 March 2007
The history of Loch-ness – 20 April 2007
Roman Scotland – 27 April 2007
Celtic Scotland – 4 May 2007
Scottish cooking – 11 May 2007
Scottish Castles – 18 May 2007
Unknown Tx date:
HEALTH AND SAFE LIVING
Look out for yourself
Making friends
In touch ok/not ok
BBC Television shows
Scottish television shows |
17325502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capetus%20%28amphibian%29 | Capetus (amphibian) | Capetus is an extinct genus of temnospondyl from the Upper Carboniferous of the Czech Republic. It reached a length of 150 cm.
References
Sequeira, S. E. K. & Milner, A. R. 1993. The temnospondyl amphibian Capetus from the Upper Carboniferous of the Czech Republic. Palaeontology 36, 657–680.
Steyer, J. S., Damiani, R., Sidor, C. A., O'Keefe, R., Larsson, H. C. E., Maga, A. & Ide, O. 2006. The vertebrate fauna of the Upper Permian of Niger. IV. Nigerpeton ricqlesi (Temnospondyli: Cochleosauridae), and the edopoid colonization of Gondwana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 26, 18–28.
Carboniferous temnospondyls of Europe
Temnospondyls
Prehistoric amphibian genera |
23571418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20Rink%20Hockey%20Men%27s%20B%20World%20Championship | 2004 Rink Hockey Men's B World Championship | The 2004 Rink Hockey Men's B World Championship was the 36th edition of the Rink Hockey B World Championship, held from October 16 to 23, in Macau.
The champion was Catalonia, that had obtained a FIRS provisional membership few months before the tournament. However, FIRS did not endorse final acceptance of Catalonia for subsequent editions.
Format
Competition's schedule included 11 countries, divided in two groups, but North Korea withdrew a few days before the opening.
Matches
All times are Macau local time (UTC+8).
Group stage
Group A
Group B
9th and 10th places
5th place bracket
Championship Knockout stage
Final standings
B
Rink Hockey Men's B World Championship
Men's B World Championship
International sports competitions hosted by Macau
Roller hockey in Macau
International roller hockey competitions hosted by China |
23571419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%A1%C5%A1tern%C3%AD%20Skalice | Klášterní Skalice | Klášterní Skalice is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 100 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klu%C4%8Dov%20%28Kol%C3%ADn%20District%29 | Klučov (Kolín District) | Klučov is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Lstiboř, Skramníky and Žhery are administrative parts of Klučov.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%99enice | Kořenice | Kořenice is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
Villages of Chotouchov and Pučery are administrative parts of Kořenice.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
17325553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Marvel%201602%20characters | List of Marvel 1602 characters | Marvel 1602 is an eight-issue comic book limited series published in 2003 by Marvel Comics. The limited series was written by Neil Gaiman, penciled by Andy Kubert, and digitally painted by Richard Isanove; Scott McKowen illustrated the distinctive scratchboard covers.
The eight-part series takes place in a timeline where Marvel superheroes are members of Elizabethan society. The characters are mainly from Marvel's 1960s period and include Nick Fury, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four, Doctor Doom and Magneto. Spider-Man also features, though he appears much younger than the 1960s version and does not have any superpowers.
Other popular characters, such as Wolverine and Storm, were not added, because of Gaiman's vision to address the heroes of the 1960s. "The territory doesn't go much further than 1969 in terms of the characters that I picked to use," Gaiman noted. "I couldn't get everybody in because there are an awful lot of Marvel characters."
Historical figures
Elizabeth I of England - Her history is essentially unchanged from the real-world version. She is assassinated by Count Otto von Doom (see below), a year before she should have died of natural causes.
James VI of Scotland and I of England - His history is also largely unchanged. He keeps his firm belief in the Divine Right of Kings and his loathing of the witchbreed (this reality's version of mutants) mirrors the real-life James' view of Catholics. James later took the throne of Elizabeth I following her death and conspired with the Grand Inquisitor to eliminate the Witchbreed. When Javier criticizes Fury for smoking a pipe, Fury remarks that James once made similar reproaches. James was indeed critical of smoking and even wrote A Counterblaste to Tobacco on the subject. On the other hand, he was also a heavy drinker, and he is seldom shown without a cup of wine in his hand. There are also hints towards his homosexuality in this timeline, as there was some suggestion that he was in real life. He was later killed by the Hulk as revealed in Hulk: Broken Worlds #2. He was also later revealed to be this world's version of Wolverine in a later storyline.
Virginia Dare - The first English child born in the Americas. In this world, the Roanoke Colony did not disappear in the 1580s. Inspired by a legend that Virginia was killed in the shape of a white deer, Gaiman gives his version shapeshifting powers. She is able to become any real animal (e.g., a wolf and a white deer), dinosaurs that in this timeline still survive in America (e.g., a Tyrannosaurus), and mythological creatures (like a griffin and a sphinx). She was later killed by Master Norman Osborne. Gaiman has stated that he created Virginia Dare without a previous Marvel character basis in order to provide a unique and fully American character in the 1602 universe.. However, her aspect and powers resemble the ones of the Canadian superhero Snowbird.
William Shakespeare - A playwright who served the court of Elizabeth I and James I. While working on the scripts for Macbeth, he is kidnapped by the Vulture-Fliers and forced by Otto Von Doom to chronicle his journeys to the advanced city of Bensaylum (this reality's Atlantis) in Marvel 1602: Fantastick Four.
Heroes
Sir Nicholas Fury - The Queen's Intelligencer. The 1602 world's version of Nick Fury is in the position of Sir Francis Walsingham, one of the great spymasters of the time who obtained the evidence that led to the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, and vital information that helped defeat the Spanish Armada. When she introduces him to Strange, Queen Elizabeth tells Fury not to give his official title since he will "tell us we do not pay you enough". In fact Elizabeth was extremely cautious with money and Walsingham's secret service got very poor financial support from the state. Dedicated to protecting the realm from threats both inside and out, Walsingham himself got into debt employing agents who have been described as "spies on a shoestring" budget.
Doctor Stephen Strange - The Queen's physician who is also an alchemist and magician. Strange's interests and skills mirror some of those of the Queen's contemporary John Dee, a mathematician, astrologer, and geographer who was also interested in conjuring. Strange works from his mansion in the then-village of Greenwich outside London (a play on the "real" Doctor Strange's mansion in Greenwich Village, New York City).
Peter Parquagh - Sir Nicholas' apprentice. He is this world's Spider-Man (Peter Parker), although without the powers, but with a keen interest in spiders. A running plot thread is that Peter is constantly being prevented from being bitten by spiders, which is how his mainstream counterpart obtained his powers. When Rojhaz climbs up a tower to fetch Virginia, Peter timidly and ironically says "I can't climb." He is however bitten by a spider caught in the closing timestream rift and later develops powers similar to those of the mainstream Spider-Man, adopting the alias of "the Spider". There are hints of a budding romance between Peter and Virginia Dare, who resembles the ill-fated Gwen Stacy. This is further implied by Virginia's murder at the hands of Norman Osborne. In a lead-up to the Spider-Verse storyline, Peter Parquagh was killed by Morlun.
Matthew Murdoch - A blind Irish minstrel and freelance agent who occasionally works for Sir Nicholas. Matthew acquired heightened senses from a mysterious substance he encountered as a child, and is this world's Daredevil (a.k.a. Matt Murdock). He shows a lot of the quick wit and humour that Daredevil displayed before Frank Miller turned him into a more serious and moody character.
Clea Strange - Dr. Strange's wife and assistant. Clea comes from another dimension (in which she used to be a Queen) and is herself a sorceress. She is this world's version of Clea.
Rojhaz (pronounced "Ro-gers") - Virginia's blonde-haired, blue-eyed Native American bodyguard. The colonists assume him to be a product of congress between Indians and Welsh traders (see Welsh Indians). In fact he is actually Steve Rogers a.k.a. Captain America. Imprisoned in a dystopian future ruled by a President-for-Life and sent back in time, Rogers, and the hole his passage has left in time, serves as the trigger for the warping of history that introduces the other Marvels. He also changes history more directly by helping the Roanoke Colony through the winter.
Carlos Javier - A Spaniard living in England where he runs a College for the Sons of Gentlefolk. He is a witchbreed, a being born with special powers (i.e. mutants). But unlike the Inquisitor (see below), he believes in a future of peace between witchbreed (which he calls mutantur or changing ones) and normal humans (the mondani). He is this world's Professor X.
Carlos Javier's students - This world's version of the original X-Men. They are:
Roberto Trefusis (Robert "Bobby" Drake, Iceman) - A nephew of Sir Francis Drake.
Scotius Summerisle (Scott Summers, Cyclops) - He wears a visor made of rubies, and has a branded X on his shoulder which was put there when he was found to be a witchbreed in Scotland.
Hal McCoy (Hank McCoy, the Beast) - A student with a grotesque appearance. He also escaped from James' Scotland.
"John" Grey (Jean Grey) - "John" Grey is in fact a young woman (a reference to Shakespeare's plays in which young men often dress up women: As You Like It and Twelfth Night).
Werner (Warren Worthington III, the Angel) - He was rescued from the Inquisition. His friendship with "Master John" causes jealous resentment on the part of Scotius Summerisle, though Werner is unaware of "John's" true sex. In fact he implies some homosexual feelings towards "Master John", which contrasts with the 1960s version of the Angel who was portrayed as a womanizing playboy. However, it also pays tribute to the love triangle between Jean, Scott, and Warren in the '60s.
Uatu the Watcher - He knows that all these heroes and villains are not due for another 350 years and is tempted to break the rules of the Watchers and interfere (albeit not for the first time). The other Watchers see his actions as being for the greater good since the destruction of this universe could result in that of others, leaving them with nothing to watch. Thus they interfere as minimally as possible and Uatu is ultimately rewarded with a gift: the seed of this universe preserved rather than altered by Captain America's return to the future.
The Four from the Fantastick - A famous group of heroes who feature in Murdoch's favourite ballad (which Gaiman has written a full version of, although only snippets appear in the comic). They were all transformed when their sailing ship, the Fantastick, encountered a wave of energy from the Sargasso Sea. Trapped under the castle of Count Otto von Doom, they remain in imprisonment until rescued by Sir Nicholas Fury and Carlos Javier. They are this world's Fantastic Four. Gaiman makes the interesting observation that their bodies reflect the four elements that alchemists believed made up all things. They consist of:
Captain Benjamin Grimm - The captain of the Fantastick. Grimm's body becomes solid rock
Sir Richard Reed - The explorer and genius who convinced the others to go on the voyage. Reed's flesh becomes pliable like water.
Susan Storm - Reed's fiancé. Unlike her 616 counterpart, she is permanently invisible. Susan's body becomes weightless and invisible like air
Master Jonathan Storm - He retains his hot-headed and sarcastic personality, as well as his rivalry with Ben Grimm, but appears to be several years older than in the 616 continuity; in the original comics, Johnny was a teenager and the same age as Peter Parker, while in 1602 he seems to be an adult. John's body becomes living fire.
Donal the Ancient One - A Knight Templar who is entrusted with taking the "Templar Treasure" to Sir Stephen Strange. This proves to be the hammer Mjolnir, disguised as a simple walking stick. Donal is forced to use the hammer to become Thor, a pagan god who according to Donal's religion should not even exist. This act of blasphemy turns him to drink. He is this world's version of Donald Blake, a.k.a. the Mighty Thor. In a clever conceit, while the Marvel Universe Thor has Shakespearean speech patterns, the 1602 version speaks in Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse, and the calligraphy-style lettering in his speech bubbles is replaced with a rune-like font.
Henri Le Pym - Henri Le Pym is a philosopher who Victor Octavius blackmailed into helping to find a cure for him at the time he was trying to cure his shrunken wife. When his wife was covered in a spilled elixir he was working on, he licked it off her resulting in him becoming a giant. He is this reality's version of Henry Pym.
Janette Le Pym - Janette is Henri's wife who was shrunken by accident. After being hit by a spilled elixir, she became a human/wasp hybrid. She is this reality's version of Wasp.
Supporting Characters
Captain Nelson - A seaman who regularly takes Matthew Murdoch across the English Channel. He is suspicious of the blind minstrel who suggests with a smile that he should keep his thoughts to himself. Nelson is this world's Foggy Nelson.
Dougan - The second-in-command of Fury's armies. He is very loyal to Fury and goes with him to Count Otto Von Doom's castle and the New World, where he stays and becomes the head of the police force, becoming a friend to Dare, as seen in 1602: New World. He is this world's Dum Dum Dugan.
Jonah Jameson - An Irish-accented newspaper owner in the New World. He is almost exactly like his Marvel Universe counterpart including his dislike of people with "powers". His newspaper is called the Daily Trumpet which is this reality's version of the Daily Bugle.
Rhodes - Rhodes is Lord Iron's Moorish engineer. His Marvel Universe counterpart is James Rhodes (a.k.a. War Machine).
Captain Ross - He is the English captain of the vessel that transports Lord Iron to the New World. He is the 1602 manifestation of Marvel's General Ross, since both men were charged with subduing the Hulk and his human counterpart.
Richard and Mary Parquagh - The parents of "The Spider". They were mentioned to have worked for Sir Nicholas Fury. They are this reality's versions of Richard and Mary Parker.
Numenor - He is the ruler of Bensaylum (this reality's Atlantis). He is this reality's version of Namor.
Rita - She is the cousin of Numenor. She is this reality's version of Namorita.
Lord Wyatt Wingfoot - A lord who is a rival to the Human Torch for the affection of Doris Evans.
Steve Rogers - About more than 300 years in the present Earth-311, an ill Steven Rogers was injected with a version of the super-soldier serum based on one of Henri Le Pym's preserved vial containing the Spider's blood. This allowed him to become this universe's modern Captain America.
Marioac - She is the leader of the local Native Americans who are feuding with the colonists. Marioa becomes a sort of friend to both Peter and Banner, and is portrayed as a little magical or supernatural. She is not based on a character in the traditional Marvel Universe.
Governor Dare - He is the governor of the colony and a wise and heroic man, although not based on a Marvel character.
Villains
Please note: among the characters classed as villains (i.e., enemies of the main protagonists) are characters who in the mainstream Marvel universe are actual heroes (e.g., Hulk), or villains-turned-heroes (e.g., Scarlet Witch, Quicksilver, and the Black Widow).
"Brotherhood Of Those Who Will Inherit The Earth" - A secret society formed by Enrique, the Spanish Inquisitor who is actually one of the so-called Witchbreeds that the Inquisition has sworn to destroy. The society's name is a biblical allusion: "those that wait upon the Lord, they shall inherit the earth." (King James Bible Psalm 37:9). Among its members are:
Grand Inquisitor Enrique - Born a Jew, he was taken in by a Christian priest and baptized (and also implied to have been molested). The Christians later refused to let him be returned to his Jewish family, saying that giving him back to the 'Christ-killers' would damn his soul to Hell. As an adult, he leads the Spanish Inquisition which he oversees from Domdaniel. Although ordered to execute the witchbreed, he hides those whom he can pass off as normal with him being secretly a witchbreed himself. He is this world's Magneto.
Sister Wanda and Petros - The Inquisitor's assistants. They are also his children, a fact he has kept from them. They are this world's Scarlet Witch and Quicksilver (Wanda and Pietro Maximoff).
Toad - He is Enrique's spy in the Vatican. Though his long tongue and ability for climbing walls are plainly visible, he manages to hide for an undisclosed, but lengthy amount of time. Gaiman also plays with other cold-blooded characteristics, such as a pronounced sleepiness at low temperatures.
David Banner - An advisor to King James, who replaces Sir Nicholas Fury when James takes the English throne. He is then sent to Roanoke with orders to kill Fury. Towards the end of the story, he is caught in the energies of the Anomaly and becomes a brutish monster. He is this world's Hulk.
Natasha - A freelance spy and "the most dangerous woman in Europe". She is partnered with Murdoch by Sir Nicholas, but betrays him and Donal to Count Otto. She is this world's Black Widow (who is one of Daredevil's regular on-off girlfriends).
Count Otto von Doom - The ruler of Latveria, known as Otto the Handsome and he is indeed a good-looking man. A long-time enemy of Sir Richard Reed, he is responsible for the Four from the Fantastick's disappearance by the story's start. He is this world's version of Doctor Doom, though his face-scarring injuries come after rather than before the Four from the Fantastick acquire their powers.
Master Norman Osborne - He wants to trick the Native Americans into selling the island of Roanoke. However, they have been educated in the English language by 'Rojhaz' (Captain America from the future) and see the flaw in his contract. Norman seeks to turn the colony against the natives, because he believes that the natives are hiding something of great value. He is this world's Green Goblin.
Lord Iron - A Spaniard weaponeer who was famous for his inventions. Lord Iron was captured during the war against England and was tortured by David Banner for weeks in order to manufacture new and deadly weapons. He has since built a suit of armor powered by electricity and harbors a grudge against Banner. Despite his allegiance, he has no special loyalty towards King James, and merely seeks revenge on Banner and by association the Hulk. He is this world's Iron Man.
The Vulture-Fliers - They are Count Otto von Doom's flying warriors, based on the Spider-Man villain the Vulture.
The Assassins are sent by Count Otto von Doom to murder Sir Nicholas Fury, Virginia Dare, and Queen Elizabeth:
The first assassin does not appear to have a definitive counterpart in the regular Marvel Universe.
The second is a Vulture-Flier.
The third is a booby-trapped musical machine.
Baron Victor Octavius - An Italian nobleman and brilliant scientist living in exile in France who suffered from the bubonic plague. Octavius attempted to cure himself by using the blood of octopi which worked, but also slowly transformed him into a human/octopus hybrid. He is this reality's version of Doctor Octopus.
Curtis Connors - A philosopher who was infected with the bubonic plague. He created an elixir that transformed him into a reptilian creature that resembled a velociraptor, but retained his mind. He worked with Baron Victor Octavius to capture the Spider. He is this world's Lizard.
Four Who Are Frightful - Four Jacobean hired by Otto Von Doom to find the Lost City of Bensaylum. They are this reality's version of the Frightful Four. Among its members are:
Wizard - A magic-user who is the leader of the Four Who Are Frightful. He is this reality's version of Wizard.
Medusa - Medusa is the lover of the Wizard. She has snakes for hair and needs to wear a veil to prevent her gaze from turning men to stone. Though she has snakes for hair, she is still depicted as this reality's version of Medusa.
Marko - An Albino who can conjure up dreams and nightmares. He can also induce sleep and waking dreams by blowing sand on people. Despite the difference, he is this reality's version of Sandman. He appears to be partially based on Gaiman's other character known as the Sandman (who appeared in DC comics).
Trapster - A skilled huntsman. He is this reality's version of Trapster.
The King's Pin - Wilson Fiske is a pirate captain of the H.M.S. Vanessa and was known to have never spare any survivors he attacks. He is this reality's version of Kingpin.
Bull's Eye - He is an assassin and the second mate to Wilson Fiske.
The future President-For-Life - He assumes power in a 20th or 21st century America and rounds up and jails many aging heroes. He is also responsible for shunting Captain America, a living symbol of freedom, into the past. His dark-purple face on a poster (in contrast to the lighter pink of the other characters seen in flashback) implies that he is the Purple Man at the summit of his powers of persuasion.
References
External links
1602: Fantastick Four on Marvel.com
1602 Timeline entry on Uncannyxmen.net
Characters
Marvel 1602 characters |
23571428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crkvari | Crkvari | Crkvari is a village in north-eastern Slavonia, situated in municipality town of Orahovica, Virovitica-Podravina County, Croatia.
Population
References
CD-rom: "Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857-2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
Populated places in Virovitica-Podravina County |
17325576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Day | Barry Day | Sir Barry Stuart Day OBE (born 12 June 1953) was the chief executive of the Greenwood Dale Foundation Trust (GDFT). He was formerly headteacher of the Greenwood Dale School.
Day was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2007 Birthday Honours and knighted in the 2014 Birthday Honours for services to education. He was appointed one of the National College for School Leadership's National Leaders of Education in October 2007.
In 2008, Day received an honorary degree of Doctor of Education from Nottingham Trent University in recognition of his work to raise the aspirations and attainment of young people in the city of Nottingham, reflecting not only his success in transforming the Greenwood Dale School in Nottingham, but also his broader influence in raising educational standards nationally.
Footnotes
1953 births
Knights Bachelor
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Schoolteachers from Nottinghamshire
Living people
People from Stevenage
Alumni of Loughborough University |
23571430 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krakovany%20%28Kol%C3%ADn%20District%29 | Krakovany (Kolín District) | Krakovany is a municipality and village in Kolín District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Božec is an administrative part of Krakovany.
References
Villages in Kolín District |
23571432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Tersolo | Charles Tersolo | Charles Tersolo (born 1974 in Rochester, New Hampshire) is a Boston artist and member of the Copley Society of Art. He paints much of his works outdoors, or en plein air in the tradition of Corot, Monet, and American Impressionists such as Childe Hassam. The coloring of his works is closer to the broad palette of the Boston School of painters, who mix American impressionist technique with more traditional coloring and paint application.
His largest public work is a Synthetic Impressionist piece of the Harvard Footbridge. This 9 foot by 4.5 feet high painting resides in the lobby of the Harvard Doubletree Hotel. Other public works include a painting of the South End of Boston in the Back Bay Hilton of Boston.
Subject matter covered by this artist includes Provincetown, Boston, Paris, the Grand Canyon, Santa Fe, Monument Valley, Valley of the Gods, New York City, San Francisco, Portland, Cape Elizabeth, and Mount Desert Island, Maine, and Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
References
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
Living people
People from Rochester, New Hampshire
1974 births
20th-century American male artists |
23571437 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20Deltargentino | SS Deltargentino | SS Deltargentino may refer to one of two Type C3-P&C ships built for the United States Maritime Commission by Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard and intended for the Mississippi Shipping Company:
(MC hull number 50), designated for transfer to the United States Navy as transport USS J. W. McAndrew (AP-47), but instead went to United States Army as USAT J. W. McAndrew; collided with in 1945; sold for commercial use in 1947; scrapped 1972
(MC hull number 152), transferred to the United States Navy as transport USS Monrovia (AP-64); later converted to an attack transport and redesignated APA-31; scrapped 1968
Ship names |
23571438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHDO-CD | WHDO-CD | WHDO-CD, virtual channel 38 (UHF digital channel 36), is a low-powered, Class A Mega TV-affiliated television station licensed to Orlando, Florida, United States. The station is owned by Western Pacific Broadcast, LLC. Its transmitter is located near the SR-417 and Florida's Turnpike intersection, along with low-powered Azteca America affiliate WATV-LD and WURF's FM translator W279DI. It previously broadcast programming from Tuff TV until that network ceased operations on August 26, 2018.
External links
HDO-CD
Low-power television stations in the United States |
23571440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe%20Veyrier | Christophe Veyrier | Christophe Veyrier (25 June 1637 – 10 June 1689) was a French sculptor, the nephew and follower of Pierre Puget.
Veyrier was born in Trets, Bouches-du-Rhône, France. He arrived in Genoa in 1663 and stayed for a number of years, before moving to Rome to live from 1668-70. In 1674 he married the daughter of the sister of Puget's wife.
He worked in Aix-en-Provence, then settled in Toulon, where he lived until his death in 1689. In one of his most important commissions, he created religious statues for the Chapel of Corpus Domini in Toulon Cathedral. He also worked at Montpellier. Statues of ancient and mythological subjects are attributed to him, including the white marble relief of the family of Darius displayed at Stowe House in England. The most recent studies attribute to him the statue of the Immaculate Conception in Tivoli Cathedral (according to older literature the statue was formerly attributed to Puget himself).
His sculptures are held by the Musée d'Art, Toulon; the Musée Granet, Aix-en-Provence; the Musée du Louvre, Paris; the Victoria and Albert Museum, London; and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
External links
Brief Biography
Photos of some of Veyrier's sculptures
17th-century French sculptors
French male sculptors
Artists from Toulon
1637 births
1689 deaths |
23571442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Fullarton%20Arnott | James Fullarton Arnott | James Fullarton Arnott (29 April 1914 – 22 November 1982) was a Scottish professor, author, and theatrical director.
Arnott was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on 29 April 1914. His parents were Hezekiah Merricks Arnott and Susie Willock Fullarton. He attended the Ardrossan Academy. Arnott graduated from the University of Glasgow with a Master of Arts in 1936. He went on to attend Merton College, Oxford, where he received his Master of Letters, and Peterhouse, Cambridge. He also studied at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama. James Fullarton Arnott died in 1982.
Career
After teaching at Hull University, Arnott became an assistant lecturer in the English department at the University of Glasgow in 1939. In 1952, he directed a production of Murder in the Cathedral. In 1962, Arnott became a Senior Lecturer at Glasgow. He then directed Shakespeare's comedy Love's Labour's Lost in 1964. That same year he also became an editor of the journal that would later become known as Theatre Research International. In 1966, Arnott became the first Head of the Drama Department at Glasgow. He went on to direct several plays, including the Play of Daniel and Curlew River in 1968 and The Forrigan Reel in 1970. He wrote English Theatrical Literature 1559-1900 in 1970.
The University of Glasgow granted Arnott the rank of Reader in 1971 and Professor in 1973. He served as President of the International Federation for Theatre Research from 1975 through 1979. Arnott also served as the Chairman of the Drama Committee of the Scottish Arts Council from 1976 through 1979. He was a member of the Arts Council of Great Britain from 1977 through 1979. From 1980 until his death in 1982, Arnott was a member of the UK National Commission for UNESCO. The University of Glasgow renamed its Chair of Drama the "James Arnott Chair" in 1996.
Notes
1914 births
1982 deaths
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Alumni of Peterhouse, Cambridge
Alumni of the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland
British theatre directors
Scottish theatre directors
Scottish scholars and academics
Writers from Glasgow |
23571452 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS%20Delorleans | SS Delorleans | SS Delorleans may refer to one of two Type C3-P&C ships built for the United States Maritime Commission by Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard and intended for the Mississippi Shipping Company:
(MC hull number 49), delivered to Mississippi Shipping in August 1940; acquired by the United States Navy as transport USS Crescent City (AP-40) in June 1941; later converted to an attack transport and redesignated APA-21; served as training ship Golden Bear for the California Maritime Academy; as Artship, she was scrapped in 2012
(MC hull number 151), transferred to the United States Navy as transport USS Calvert (AP-65); later converted to an attack transport and redesignated APA-32; later scrapped
Ship names |
23571476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20County%20Railway | Alfred County Railway | Alfred County Railway is an abandoned narrow gauge railway in South Africa, which runs from the southern transport hub of Port Shepstone on the Indian Ocean, via Izotsha and Paddock for to Harding, KwaZulu-Natal.
Background
South Africa, rich in natural resources and fertile lands, has many areas that are ideal for agricultural production. However, the steep mountainous terrain between the resource rich areas in the high veld and the coastal ports presented a transport challenge.
Before well maintained and reliable access roads had been developed, narrow gauge railways were used extensively by South African farmers to move produce from their large farms to central sorting and packing points on their own land. As a result, entrepreneurial business people created linking railways to transport the produce from the sorting and packing points to the coastal ports. Their choice of gauge was determined by the gauge that was being used in each local area and varied between the early to the later Cape gauge of .
Original operations
Designed as part of the Natal Government Railways' (NGR) project to transport sugar cane and bananas grown in the agricultural Harding district to Port Shepstone, the NGR commissioned Stoke-on-Trent based Kerr Stuart to build seven Class NG4 4-6-2T tank locomotives, based on the 1907 Class NG3 4-6-2T.
The route of the Alfred County Railway had some curves of , but with gradients of up to 3 in 100 / 3% (ruling grade of 1 in 37 / 2.7% for after leaving the coast), the NG4s and their replacements were often double-headed to haul the diverse freight traffic of wood, sugar cane and bananas to Port Shepstone. The line's management decided against purchasing more powerful articulated Garratt locomotives, because their longer wheelbase would make access to the sugar cane fields more difficult.
From the mid-1970s, steam was replaced by Class 91-000 diesel-electric locomotives on the SAR's longer routes, which were more powerful. Also, being shorter in chassis length, these diesel-electric locomotives were able to access the growers' farms. Therefore, the SAR decided to transfer the NG G13 and NG G16 Garratts to the Alfred County Railway in Natal.
Due to underinvestment, the Alfred County Railway became increasingly unreliable, and was closed to operations by the SAR in 1986.
Port Shepstone and Alfred County Railway
As South Africa's farmers re-entered the global markets in the late 1980s, the quality of produce going to markets became increasingly important. As handling is a key issue in the retail quality of bananas in particular, the farmers were in favour of reviving the Alfred County Railway, to reduce the amount of handling from banana plantation to port.
To raise funds and reduce government expenditure, the Government of South Africa announced it would gradually put into private hands its huge state-owned corporations, including the state electricity corporation, Eskom, and SA Transport Services which owned SAR. The Alfred County Railway was hence chosen as the pilot railway privatisation project.
In reality, SAR/Transnet still owned the line, infrastructure and the stock as a nationally strategic asset; while the new Port Shepstone and Alfred County Railway (PSACR) was granted an operational and maintenance lease for a period of 199 years. The company inherited 25 steam locomotives - of which only one, an NG G16, was operational - plus rolling stock. The company announced a business plan expected to win back lucrative business from farmers and timber growers. In March 1988, the PSACR raised funds by offering 1.8 million shares for sale at one rand each.
Class NG G16A
As part of their development to keep the railway competitive, the PSACR upgraded two of their existing Class NG G16 locomotives. The engineers incorporated developments proposed by L.D. Porta, including GPCS, Lempor exhaust, an improved spark arrestor, lightweight multi-ring articulated piston valves, improved valve events and improved mechanical lubrication. Two locomotives were modified: No. 141 in 1989 and No. 155 in 1990, and reclassified to Class NG G16A. In comparative testing No. 141 gave a fuel saving of 25% compared to a standard SAR Class NG G16 Garratt, and was easily maintained in regular service.
Demise to road transport
Initially, the venture lost money heavily, but after making profits from year three, the venture decided to try to return to an all-steam powered railway. The tourism based passenger train, the Banana Express, had always been steam powered, while the advantages of power and a short wheelbase meant that PSACR decided to lease SAR 91 Class diesels to provide hauling for commercial freight services.
The revived PSACR became Spoornet's second largest customer at Port Shepstone. This was driven by the operations of Kulu Lime and the Natal Portland Cement, plus pulpwood, poplar logs (for matchwood), creosoted telegraph poles, and manufactured wooden items from Harding. North bound inland traffic was general cargo for the farmers, such as maize, fertilizer, salt, cement, farm implements and water tanks and small parcels. The company also revived the Banana Express.
In 1991 Spoornet acquired one-million shares in PSACR, equivalent to a 28% shareholding, which gave users greater confidence in the PSACR service. The "Narrow Arrow" piggyback train was introduced for supply to the Port Shepstone pulp mill, where an entire train of 26 narrow gauge wagons was ramped onto a Spoornet train consisting of 13 wagons, having flexible connecting bridges. This eliminated the trans-shipping of timber at Port Shepstone and reduced transfer time from 14 hours to two hours. A further endeavour was the "Timbertainer," an intermodal system where pulpwood could be loaded into an open container at a plantation and taken through to the mill. Plans were in place for a similar initiative for sugar cane shipments.
However, by the mid-1990s the effects of transport deregulation began to impact of the profitability of the PSACR as larger, often overloaded, road trucks becoming ever more competitive. Although Spoornet made representations to the government, transport regulations were further relaxed to allow a higher gross vehicle mass (GVM) of
, a higher axle load from , together with a 5% overload tolerance: the highest heavy vehicle mass with unlimited access to the roads of any country in the world.
As a result, Spoornet began to lose general freight traffic, and PSACR's reliance on trans-shipment increased transport times and costs. The railway began a gradual decline, eventually failing in 2001 when it lost the key Port Shepstone "Narrow Arrow" wood pulping contract, due to unreliability problems resulting from labour relation issues at Spoornet.
Suspending freight operations, the line continued to operate the Banana Express, but accumulated huge debts to Spoornet. As a result of these increasing debts, Transnet decided to legally force the venture into bankruptcy in 2004.
Banana Express
After the termination of the PSACR lease, Patons Country Narrow Gauge Railway (PCNGR) was granted a temporary permit to continue running the Banana Express, from Port Shepstone to Paddock. The company had three locomotives available to it: NGG16 Nos.151 and 127; plus an ex-sugar estate 0-4-0T, SAR NG UVE2.
With a 6-hour journey totally devoted to tourism and enabling access to local attractions and businesses, it again became very popular with tourists because of both the scenery and the access to local businesses.
Before reaching Shelley Beach the railway traversed several river bridges along the Hibiscus Coast. The train then veered inland and chugged up through banana plantations and cane fields towards Izotsha, passed through lush sub-tropical native forests and rondavel-dotted hillsides, before stopping in Paddock for lunch and then the direct return journey.
Although PCNGR had proposals to reopen the line to Harding, in December 2005 Transnet shut the Banana Express, after they decreed a lease did not exist between SAR and PCNGR.
On 18 June 2008 a huge storm hit the coast, which resulted in large amounts of flash flooding. This damaged many of the railway's bridges along the Hibiscus Coast so that they were considered to be beyond economic repair, and washed most of the Izotsha rail bridges away.
Several steam locomotives and several carriages that were used on the Banana Express are stored at Paddock
Hamba Wehelle Express
In 2015 a short section of the railway line - between Paddock and Plains - was in use and a limited tourist service was being provided using a light weight carriage and an industrial Hunslet diesel locomotive
The service is known as the Hamba Wehelle Express (or Humba Weheli Express) and was operated in conjunction with the Gorgez View Bed and Breakfast/Conference Centre/Coffee Shop at Paddock however by 2016 the service was suspended
See also
Avontuur Railway
Sandstone Estates
Welsh Highland Railway
South African Class 91-000
Two foot gauge railways in South Africa
References
External links
Press Release re closure of Banana Express
Youtube Video of the railway in 1991.
Narrow Gauge World Magazine May - June 2010 - Article about this railway
2 ft gauge railways in South Africa
Railway lines in South Africa
Transport in KwaZulu-Natal
1917 establishments in South Africa |
23571480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy%20Ryan%20%28Australian%20footballer%29 | Tommy Ryan (Australian footballer) | Jeremiah "Tommy" Ryan (12 August 1873 – 29 August 1948) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Melbourne Football Club and St Kilda Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Ryan, a rover and forward, came to Melbourne from Richmond City. He had spent 1893, 1895 and 1896 playing in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) for both Carlton and Richmond.
On his VFL debut, Ryan kicked five goals as Melbourne defeated St Kilda by 93 points at the MCG. He was the club's leading goal-kicker in their premiership year of 1900 with 24 goals, one of those in the 1900 VFL Grand Final which he played from a forward pocket.
References
Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing.
External links
Demonwiki profile
Blueseum profile
1873 births
1948 deaths
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Australian Rules footballers: place kick exponents
Richmond Football Club (VFA) players
Melbourne Football Club players
St Kilda Football Club players
Melbourne Football Club Premiership players
One-time VFL/AFL Premiership players |
23571483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akaflieg%20Stuttgart%20F.1 | Akaflieg Stuttgart F.1 | The Akaflieg Stuttgart F-1 Fledermaus (Bat) was a glider designed and built in Germany from 1932.
Development
The 'F.1' was the first glider designed and built at Akaflieg Stuttgart (Akademische Fliegergruppe) using a wind tunnel and innovative thinking. As built, the F.1 had no vertical tail, using rotatable wing-tip panels for roll and yaw control. The fuselage was curved to follow the downwash from the wing and rested solely on a single large skid under the forward fuselage, not having a tail-skid.
The completely enclosed cockpit included a hanging control column, to simplify the control run, and airbrakes, for use on the ground, using the cockpit canopy.
The F.1 entered its first competition at Rhön in 1933, but the technical committee insisted that the glider be given a conventional vertical tail, despite protests that the F.1 had already flown a 300 km distance task as built. The fliegergruppe acquiesced and built a vertical tail overnight, with the F.1 claiming several prizes during the competition.
Specifications (F.1)
See also
References
External links
Photo of F 1, D-Fledermaus, flown by K.Baur, Rhön 1934.
1930s German sport aircraft
1930s German sailplanes
Glider aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1933
Akaflieg Stuttgart aircraft |
23571485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAT%20J.%20W.%20McAndrew | USAT J. W. McAndrew | USAT J. W. McAndrew was a Type C3-P&C troop ship for the United States Army during World War II.
The ship was built by the Bethlehem Sparrows Point Shipyard of Baltimore in 1940 as SS Deltargentino for the United States Maritime Commission on behalf of the Mississippi Shipping Company in 1940 for operation by its Delta Line. The ship was delivered to Mississippi Shipping in November 1940.
Deltargentino was among the ships designated for the Army among the twenty-eight merchant vessels (twenty-one for the Navy and seven to the Army) requisitioned by the Maritime Commission's Division of Emergency Shipping announced on 4 June 1941.
The Army acquired Deltargentino in New Orleans on 28 June 1941 giving it the name J. W. McAndrew honoring Major General James William McAndrew. The ship was quickly converted for troop transport and made four voyages between New Orleans and Cristobal, Panama Canal Zone. In November the transport was assigned to the New York Port of Embarkation from which it made trips to Puerto Rico, Jamaica, the Canal Zone, Trinidad, and New Orleans.
In late January 1942 the transport left New York for Australia returning in April and then in May transported troops to Iceland and Glasgow. From Glasgow the ship went to Cape Town, South Africa, before returning to New York in August to prepare for the invasion of North Africa 8–16 November 1942. After the landing the transport returned to New York to make regular voyages to African and European ports until May–June 1944 when the ship underwent major repairs. The ship would have been transferred to the Navy and named USS J. W. McAndrew (AP-47) in 1943, but this was cancelled. The major ports served between the North African landings and the end of the war were Oran, Casablanca, Algiers, Gibraltar, Belfast, the Clyde, Naples, Plymouth and Southampton and after the Normandy landings Cherbourg and Le Havre.
On 13 March 1945 in convoy during a storm the lost steering and collided with the transport resulting in the loss of 68 troops and one Naval Armed Guardsman. The destroyer escorts Earl K. Olsen and Roche rescued some men from the water. The transport put into Ponta Delgada, Azores for repairs before undergoing hull repairs at Bethlehem, Baltimore during May and June 1945. After repairs the transport made voyages out of the Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation going to Naples in July then making voyages from there and New York to Italian and French ports including Marseille through 1946.
J. W. McAndrew was returned to the Maritime Administration (MARAD) on 5 May 1947 as surplus and allocated by MARAD to Farrell Lines for operation by its American South African Line. The line purchased the ship on 22 December 1948 renaming it African Enterprise for operation until 22 September 1960 when the ship was traded in for credit. The ship was laid up in the James River National Defense Reserve Fleet 19 October, withdrawn briefly 28 September to 6 October 1966 for Navy to remove a spare tail shaft. On 9 April 1969 the ship was one of three sold for $191,666.66 as scrap to The Boston Metals Company. The ship was withdrawn from the fleet for scrapping on 8 May 1969. The ship was broken up in Baltimore in February 1972.
References
Bibliography
Type C3-P&C ships of the United States Army
Ships built in Sparrows Point, Maryland
1940 ships
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
Maritime incidents in March 1945 |
23571494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20French%20Revolution%20%28poem%29 | The French Revolution (poem) | The French Revolution is a poem written by William Blake in 1791. It was intended to be seven books in length, but only one book survives. In that book, Blake describes the problems of the French monarchy and seeks the destruction of the Bastille in the name of Freedom.
Background
Blake felt that there was a strong connection between the American and French revolutions and that these revolutions had a universal and historical impact. The French Revolution was intended as a poetic history of these current events in Blake's life and was supposed to be an account of Blake's understanding of the French Revolution described in seven books of poetry first published in 1791. Although Blake was not part of any radical political organizations in England at the time of the French Revolution, his works suggest a connection to revolutionary thought and the poem serves as his involvement in the debate over the merits of the French Revolution.
In reaction to the French Revolution and the support of it in England, there was a series of attacks upon the supporters which led to the imprisonment of Joseph Johnson, the printer of French Revolution. This possibly disrupted the completion of the books, as Johnson was just starting to print the first book, and the project was discontinued. The only pages that survived are the original proofs for the first book, which are now in the collection of the Huntington Library. Although it cannot be known why Johnson stopped printing Blake's poem, he did print other works by Blake including For Children and Songs of Innocence. The poem currently appears in only one proof copy, and there are few references to The French Revolution until the 20th century. One of these is from Samuel Palmer, a follower of Blake, who wrote on 10 October 1827 that he wished to find a copy of the poem. The other is from Alexander Gilchrist, an early biographer of Blake, who wrote on 24 November 1860 to John Linnell, a collector of Blake's works, requesting to see the manuscript of The French Revolution.
Poem
The work is an anapestic iambic septenary poem, a poetic meter unique in Blake's poetry to this poem, that describes the events surrounding the French Revolution. Blake was an early supporter of the American Revolution and believed that it would bring about liberty to the rest of mankind. The French, according to Blake, were stuck in a problematic feudal system that was represented by the Bastille, a prison that kept enemies of the state. As the work continues, he demands that the Bastille be removed and he explains how the American Revolution provoked the French Revolution.
The dates spanned in the first book is from May 1789 until July 1789. Although Blake relies on history, he includes characters that are his own, but none of them are characters that he used in his mythological works. The work deals with the symbolism of the Bastille, which the seven towers of the Bastille representing a character type that was repressed by an oppressive government. As the work progresses, a dispute over governmental systems involves many characters including the representative of the feudal system, called Peer, Duke of Burgundy, and the Archbishop of Paris.
Themes
Within the work, Blake emphasizes the problems of the feudal system and the corruption and decay of the French monarchy and church. The poem operates, according to G. E. Bentley, as a "psychomachia, a war of spirits, of the spirits of freedom and privilege. Some of the noblest rhetoric in the poem defends the ancient bastions of civilization". The language that Blake relies on in the poem is very political, but Blake felt that language in such discussions is replaced by rhetoric. In order to overcome that problem, he attempts to return to an original language.
Revolution is a recurring theme in Blake's works. In Blake's America, his views are expressed in the character of Orc. In The French Revolution, the ideas expressed are in direct contrast to those who stood against the French Revolution, including Edmund Burke. He accomplishes this by merging myth with history in order to create an apocalyptic vision that connects with the revolution. Other Romantic poets use apocalyptic imagery, but Blake's interpretation has a strong moral foundation. Like Blake's view of the American Revolution, in America, or the views expressed in Visions of the Daughters of Albion, the politics of the time are incorporated into a greater myth system.
Notes
References
Altizer, Thomas. History as Apocalypse. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1985.
Bentley, G. E. The Stranger from Paradise. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003.
Bentley, G. E. William Blake: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge, 1995.
Crafton, Lisa. The French Revolution Debate in English Literature and Culture. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1997.
Damon, S. Foster. A Blake Dictionary''. Hanover: University Press of New England, 1988.
1791 poems
Christian poetry
French Revolution
Poetry by William Blake
Unfinished poems |
23571496 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poul%20Schierbeck | Poul Schierbeck | Poul Schierbeck (8 June 1888 – 9 February 1949) was a Danish composer and organist. He was a pupil of Carl Nielsen and Thomas Laub. From 1931 he taught composition and instrumentation at the Royal Danish Academy of Music. His pupils include Axel Borup-Jørgensen, Jørgen Jersild, Leif Kayser, Svend S. Schultz, and Leif Thybo.
He composed the music for Carl Theodor Dreyer's movie Day of Wrath, and Dreyer also used his music for the movie The Word. Other works include the opera Fête galante.
References
External links
1888 births
1949 deaths
20th-century classical composers
Danish classical organists
Male classical organists
Danish classical composers
Danish male classical composers
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
Pupils of Carl Nielsen
Burials at Holmen Cemetery
20th-century male musicians |
23571508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolci%2C%20Croatia | Dolci, Croatia | Dolci is a village in north-eastern Slavonia, situated in municipality town of Orahovica, Virovitica-Podravina County, Croatia.
Population
References
CD-rom: "Naselja i stanovništvo RH od 1857-2001. godine", Izdanje Državnog zavoda za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, Zagreb, 2005.
Populated places in Virovitica-Podravina County |
23571516 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swinton%2C%20Scottish%20Borders | Swinton, Scottish Borders | Swinton is a small village in the Scottish Borders. It is in the former county of Berwickshire, around southeast of Duns, and northwest of the Anglo-Scottish border.
History
Swinton dates to the 11th century or earlier, and is associated with the Swinton family, who took their name from the settlement. In 1769, the village was re-designed and a market was created, now marked by the market cross. A parish church was built and still stands today. In the churchyard, the Swintons have their own burial enclosure. In 1843, the Free Church of Swinton was built, but in the 1900s the spire was removed and it became the local village hall.
The main parish church was remodelled in 1910 by Robert Lorimer.
Notable people
Daniel Laidlaw, recipient of the Victoria Cross
Etymology
The name of the village is a contraction of Swine Town, a name borne from the large number of wild boar the land was once inhabited by.
Swinton House
Swinton House, west of the village, dates in its current form to 1800, and was the residence of many of the Swinton family. It was built to replace an earlier house, which was destroyed by fire in the late 18th century. Both the house and the nearby 18th century dovecote are protected as category A listed buildings.
References
Villages in the Scottish Borders |
23571517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premiere%20%281938%20film%29 | Premiere (1938 film) | Premiere is a 1938 British musical mystery film directed by Walter Summers and starring John Lodge, Judy Kelly, Joan Marion, Hugh Williams. In Paris a leading theatre impresario is murdered on opening night, shortly after replacing his leading lady. A police Inspector in the audience takes over the investigation.
The film was shot at Elstree Studios. It was a close remake of the 1937 Austrian film Premiere and re-used a number of musical scenes from the original which were dubbed into English.
Cast
John Lodge as Inspector Bonnard
Judy Kelly as Carmen Daviot
Joan Marion as Lydia Lavalle
Hugh Williams as Nissen, Rene
Edward Chapman as Lohrmann
Steven Geray as Frolich
Edmund Breon as Morel
Wallace Geoffrey as Renoir
Geoffrey Sumner as Captain Curry
Joss Ambler as Spectator
Jack Lambert as Stage manager
References
Bibliography
Wood, Linda. British Films 1927-1939. British Film Institute, 1986.
External links
1938 films
1938 mystery films
1938 musical films
British musical films
British mystery films
Films shot at Associated British Studios
1930s English-language films
Films directed by Walter Summers
Remakes of Austrian films
Films set in Paris
British black-and-white films
1930s British films |
23571520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiele%20people | Tiele people | The Tiele (, Mongolian *Tegreg "[People of the] Carts"), also transliterated as Dili (), Chile (), Zhile (), Tele (), also named Gaoche or Gaoju (, "High Carts"), were a tribal confederation of Turkic ethnic origins living to the north of China proper and in Central Asia, emerging after the disintegration of the confederacy of the Xiongnu. Chinese sources associate them with the earlier Dingling ().
Chile and Gaoche
The name "Chile" and "Gaoche" first appear in Chinese records during the campaigns of Former Yan and Dai in 357 and 363 respectively. However, the protagonists were also addressed as "Dingling" in the records of the Southern Dynasties. The name Gaoche ("high cart") was a nickname given by the Chinese.
Book of Jin, compiled by Fang Xuanling et al., listed Chile as the fifth of 19 Southern Xiongnu tribes (種). By the time of the Rouran domination, the Gaoche comprised six tribes and twelve clans (姓).
One group known as the Eastern Gaoche (东部高车) probably dwelled from the Onon River to Lake Baikal (巳尼陂). However, their relationship with the rest of the Gaoche and its tribal components is unclear.
Mythological origin
The Book of Wei preserved the Gaoche's origin myth.
Rouran Domination
In 391 the Rouran chief, Heduohan (曷多汗) was killed by the Tuoba Northern Wei. Heduohan's brother Shelun raided several tribal dependencies of the Tuoba in retaliation, but reportedly suffered a serious defeat in 399, and was forced to flee westward. Here Shelun defeated the Hulu (斛律) tribe and subjugated them. With the aid of a Hulu named Chiluohou (叱洛侯), Shelun conquered most of the Gaoche tribes and proclaimed himself Kaghan of the Rouran on March 11, 402. Many Gaoche, such as Chiluohou, were promoted to establish better control.
During the reign of Shelun and his successor Datan, the Rouran pushed as far as the Issyk Kul, where they defeated the Wusun and drove them to the south. In the east they raided the Northern Wei before they were defeated on June 16, 429. Afterwards, as many as 1.5 million Gaoche were said to have been captured and settled to areas adjacent to the capital Pingcheng in the south.
After this settlement they were called the Western Chile (西部敕勒), including a section of the Ordos Desert south of the Yellow River known as the Hexi Chile (河西敕勒), the Eastern Chile (东部敕勒), between Wuzhou (武周) and the capital suburbs, and the Northern Chile (北部敕勒), to the north and around the borders.
The greater part of the latter two possibly fled back to the steppe and were not heard of after 524 and 445 respectively. The Western Chile (mainly the Hulu and Tiele related to Fufuluo's Qifuli (泣伏利) clan) being caused by a horse race, by which south and north were eventually assimilated.
With the loss of numerous subjects and vital resources, the Rouran went into a temporary decline. However, in 460 they launched new campaigns in the west, destroying the remnant of Northern Liang. During a campaign against Khotan in 470, the king wrote in his supplicatory letter to the Toba Emperor that all of the statelets in the west had submitted to the Rouran. In 472, Yucheng attacked Northern Wei across the western border. By the time of his death in 485, Yucheng had restored the Kaghanate to a status even more powerful than the times of Datan.
During these wars, a southwestern Gaoche tribal group known as the Fufuluo united twelve clans and rebelled, but were defeated by the Rouran. They escaped and established a state northwest of Gaochang in 487. From then on, little is known about the rest of the Gaoche until the Göktürks.
Fufuluo
The Fufuluo (副伏罗) were a Gaoche tribe of twelve clans, dwelling close to the Gaochang kingdom (likely by the Tuin River of the Govi-Altai range. Early on a Fufuluo clan known as the Yizhan (which had lived there since the mid 2nd century) allied with the Touba. In 481, the Fufuluo began to interfere with the Gaochang and deposed one of their kings. The Fufuluo were then subjugated by the Rouran Khaganate.
After the death of the Rouran ruler Yucheng in 485 CE, his belligerent son Dulun fought more wars against the Touba Northern Wei.
After a disagreement, A-Fuzhiluo betrayed him, and in 487, together with his younger cousin Qiongqi (穷奇), they managed their clans of over 100,000 yurts to escape from the pursuing armies, led by Dulun and his uncle Nagai by defeating them.
After they settled, he founded a statelet (also known as the A-Fuzhiluo kingdom) under the title of Ulu Beglik (候娄匐勒, based on an interpretation of Shiratori Kurakichi and Pulleyblank). Like the later Qibi and Xueyantuo in 605, the Fufuluo divided their rule between north and south at Dzungaria.
The Fufuluo allied with the Northern Wei in 490 and fought against the Rouran until 541 when they were dispersed by them.
Shortly after the death of Dulun in 492, several important cities on the eastern route were taken by Fufuluo, separating the Rouran from the west. With the elimination of Rouran influence, the Hephthalites, kindred steppe nomads, for the first time extended their domain as far as Karashahr, where Qiongqi was killed and his son Mietu (弥俄突) was taken hostage.
After 507, the Hephthalites uninterruptedly sent eighteen embassies with gifts (朝献/朝贡) to the Chinese courts (twelve to Northern Wei, three to Liang Dynasty, two to Western Wei and one to Northern Zhou), as opposed to only one in 456. Like Peroz I and his son Kavadh I earlier in the west, the Hephthalites helped Mietu. He returned to his realm and Biliyan (跋利延), the successor of A-Fuzhiluo, was overthrown by his tribesmen, while shortly paying tribute to the Touba. In 508, Yujiulü Futu attacked the Fufuluo and gained a victory, but was killed by Mietu on his course back. Later in 516, l, son of Futu, defeated Mietu, and in reprisal had him towed to death by a horse. The Fufuluo went for several years into exile under the refuge of the Hephthalites. In 520, Chounu was repulsed by his younger brother Yifu (伊匐) who restored the realm. After his defeat, Chounu returned to the east, where he was killed in a coup in which the ruling clan of Yujiulu (郁久闾) was split into two factions. In 521, the Fufuluo penetrated into the Rouran territory, but were finally repulsed by 524. Thereafter, the Fufuluo suffered a series of defeats from Anagui before being annihilated in 541. During the final decade, they helped the Eastern Wei to fight the Western Wei in a civil war. After defeat, the nobility surrendered to them.
Rulers of Gaoche
Tiele
Emergence of the Tiele
The term Tiele appeared in Chinese literature from the 6th Century to 8th Century, and most scholars agree that Tiele is simply different Chinese characters used to describe the same Turkic word as Chile, although some scholars disagree on what the specific original Turkic word may be: Tölöš ~ Töliš, Türk, or Tegreg ~ Tägräg. The name "Tiele" was first interpreted as "Tölis" by Édouard Chavannes and Vilhelm Thomsen, but this was pointed out as inaccurate in 1937 by Cen Zhongmian, as Tölis applied to the Turkic title of official (突利失 Tulishi) in the east that also came to be attached to the Xueyantuo qaghan. Some scholars (Haneda, Onogawa, Geng, etc.) proposed that Tiele, Dili, Dingling, Chile, Tele, & Tujue all transliterated underlying Türk; however, Golden proposed that Dili, Dingling, Chile, Tele, & Tiele transliterated Tegrek while Tujue transliterated Türküt, plural of Türk. The appelation Türük (Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰) ~ Türk (OT: 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰚) (whence Middle Chinese 突厥 *dwət-kuɑt > *tɦut-kyat > standard Chinese: Tūjué) was initially reserved exclusively for the Göktürks by Chinese, Tibetans, and even the Turkic-speaking Uyghurs. In contrast, medieval Muslim writers, including Turkic speakers like Ottoman historian Mustafa Âlî and explorer Evliya Çelebi as well as Timurid scientist Ulugh Beg, often viewed Inner Asian tribes, "as forming a single entity regardless of their linguistic affiliation" commonly used Turk as a generic name for Inner Asians (whether Turkic- or Mongolic-speaking). Only in modern era do modern historians use Turks to refer to all peoples speaking Turkic languages, differentiated from non-Turkic speakers.
In 546 the remainder of the Fufuluo, now called Tiele, rebelled and were defeated by Bumin Khan at Dzungaria. Around 250,000 of them were then incorporated into his army. In 552, Bumin Khan sent his army and defeated Anagui just north of the Chinese border. Two years before his death, he eliminated the remnants of the Rouran to the north and subjugated the Tiele.
According to Suishu, the Tiele consisted of over 40 tribes divided into seven locations:
The original manuscript contains no punctuation, so different scholars read and reconstruct the ethonyms differently.
The Tiele were a large tribal group, however it is unlikely they would have been under a unified leadership. References of the tribes in the remote areas west of the Pamir Mountains were sparse and mentioned only in passing, some tribes like the Alans were probably erroneously added. By the end of the 6th century nothing more was known about them. Those tribes in the eastern areas (north of China and near Lake Baikal), such as the Guligan (骨利干), Duolange (多览葛) Xijie (奚结) and Baixi (白霫) were being rewarded afterward, though a few like the Fuluo (覆罗), Mengchen (蒙陈) and Turuhe (吐如纥) disappeared. Fuluo (覆羅) were possibly linked to the 伏利(具) Fuli(-ju) in Book of Sui, the 匐利(羽) Fuli(-yu) in Tanghuiyao and the Bökli-Çöligil (𐰋𐰇𐰚𐰲𐰃:𐰲𐰇𐰠𐰏𐰠) on Kul Tigin inscription.
According to some researchers (Onogawa, 1940; Duan, 1988; Lung, 2011; Davis, 2008; Tang, 2009; etc.), the Göktürks' leading Ashina clan were descended from the Tiele tribe by ancestral lineage. Like the Göktürks, the Tiele were probably one of many nomadic Turkic peoples on the steppe. However, Lee & Kuang (2017) state that Chinese histories did not describe the Ashina-led Göktürks as descending from the Dingling or belonging to the Tiele confederation.
The Tiele were ruled by the Göktürks during the mid 6th century and early 7th century. Many of their tribal chiefs were expelled and some were killed during this period. When Göktürks' power peaked, at least 15 Tiele tribes were named:
Tiele allied themselves in a rebellion against the Göktürks during the turmoil between 599 and 603. This might have already started as early as in 582, when rumor was spread about a revolt in the north when a raiding campaign led Ishbara Qaghan away from the capital. Among the rivals of Ishbara in the west was Tardu, son of Istämi. He allied with Apa Khan, a qaghan at the northern Dzungaria and Khovd River, and declared himself independent.
In 587 Baga Khan, heir of Ishbara, captured Apa with the help of the Chinese but died the next year on a campaign in the west. Later on, Dulan took over his reign and in 599 he, together with Tardu, launched a civil war against his son Qimin, who sided with the Chinese. However, he was unsuccessful and was assassinated during his battles with the Chinese. His partner Tardu took over and launched a revolt against the Qaghanate. In 603 he was revolted against by the Tiele tribes, provoked by the Chinese, and fled to the Tuyuhun. Earlier, when Apa was captured, Nili took over from him, but he died after the defeat of Tardu in the east. His son Heshana Khan succeeded him in the Western Qaghanate, levying heavy taxes on the Tiele. To prevent a revolt he gathered several hundreds of chiefs and murdered them. In 605 an alliance among the Tiele under the Qibi (契苾) and Xueyantuo (薛延陀) tribes was formed to overthrow him. They captured most of the Dzungaria and defeated his occupying army, taking several important cities, including Kumul, Karashahr and Gaochang, pushing Heshana Khan further west to the lower Ili River by 607.
After victory, the Qibi chief Geleng (哥楞) was proclaimed as the qaghan by the tribes and the Xueyantuo chief Yiedie Khan as subordinate qaghan. At the same year Geleng allied with the Chinese to defeat the Tuyuhun to resolve a conflict at Dunhuang.
In 611, Shekui, a qaghan from Tashkent and grandson of Tardu, attacked Chuluo and forced him to escape to China. The return of Shekui marked the end of the rebellion, although exactly when the rebels were put down is uncertain. One Chinese account indicated that the Gaochang kingdom still remained under their vassal until the year 612. They were most likely subdued after this year as Shekui restored order in the Western Qaghanate.
Failure to put down these uprisings led to a fatal division within the Gökturks ruling Ashina clan. Under the leadership of Zhenzhu Khan in 628, grandson of Yishibo, the Xueyantuo made their crossing over the Altai, and quickly founded a confederation with the rest of the Tiele at the east.
The Xueyantuo founded a short-lived Qaghanate over the steppe under Zhenzhu Khan, his son Duomi Khan and nephew Yitewushi Khan, the last of which eventually surrendered to the Chinese.
Chinese subjugation
Shortly after 646, the Uyghur and the rest of the twelve Tiele chiefs (and subsequently the far-away Guligan and Dubo) arrived at the Chinese court. They were bestowed either with the title of commander-in-chief (都督 dudu) or prefect (刺史 ) under the loose control (羁縻 jimi) of the northern protectorate or "pacificed north" (安北府), whose seat and name changed at certain times.
The Uyghur were prominent among the Tiele tribes next to the Xueyantuo. Their name first appeared in 390 as Yuanhe (袁纥). Under the leadership of Pusa (菩萨), son of chief Tejian (特健), the Uyghur co-operated with the Xueyantuo to make a stand against the Eastern Qaghanate. Soon after his death, his successor Tumidu (吐迷度) formed a new alliance with the Chinese and turned against his former ally. Thereafter, Tumidu was granted a Chinese title like the rest of the Tiele chiefs, and carried the title of qaghan among the other tribes, who now annually donated furs to the Chinese to fulfill their tax obligations.
In 648, Tumidu was murdered by his nephew Wuhe (乌纥) and another tribesman named Juluobo (俱罗勃). Both were sons-in-law of the Chebi Khan, the ruler of the Eastern Qaghanate at the northern Altai, who now held hegemony over the surrounding tribes, including the Qarluq. This alerted the Chinese, and Wuhe was assassinated by a ruse upon receiving his uncle's position from the Chinese deputy in the north. Later Juluobo was detained by the Chinese. On November 17, Porun (婆闰) was granted his fathers title.
Since their submission, the Tiele (mainly the Uyghur) had participated in several campaigns under Chinese leadership. Under the command of Ashina Sheer (阿史那社尔), Yuan Lichen (元礼臣), Gao Kan (高侃), Liang Jianfang (梁建方), Cheng Zhijie (程知节), Su Ding Fang and Xiao Siya (萧嗣业) this resulted in the capture of Chebi Khan in 650 and the end of the Western Qaghanate in 657, except for a last campaign at Goguryeo which probably killed Porun.
During those campaigns, visits would be paid to restrain the tribes. In 658 such a visit was repelled, a revolt broke out in 660 starting with the Sijie (思结), Bayegu (拔野古), Pugu (仆骨) and Tongluo (同罗), and it was joined by the other 5 tribes later. The reason for this revolt is unclear, perhaps due to the Chinese repression of the surrounding tribes during the campaigns. Two years later the revolts were suppressed by the Chinese at the upper Selenge River around Khangai. The battle was short, and a massacre was said to be committed by the two leading commanders. According to one exaggerated account from Tang Huiyao around 900,000 surrendered tribesmen were slaughtered, though it is certain that a large number of them were captured. After the event, a message was sent to the north to appease the restless Tiele.
In 669 similar unsuccessful revolts had been made by the Xueyantuo, but the details of these are vague. The last revolt was mentioned in 686, led by the Pugu and Tongluo to join with the Ashina clan, who had formed the Second Turkic Khaganate under Ilterish Qaghan in 682. They were immediately suppressed by an army dispatched from Juyan. A number of them were moved to that region along with the seat of the protectorate under the jurisdiction of Ganzhou. Earlier during the rebellion contacts between the northern protectorate and the Chinese capital were cut off, and the only way to pass was through the area of Suzhou.
Rise of the Uyghur Khaganate
After the disintegration of the Eastern Qaghanate in 630, many Göktürk nobles were resettled either at the Chinese border or in the capital. Some went on to participate in frontier campaigns for the Chinese.
In 679 a major rebellion was led by three Göktürk nobles. Among them, Ashina Nishufu (阿史那泥熟匐), a direct descendant of Illig, was chosen as their qaghan. They were quickly subdued by the Chinese and their leader was betrayed and killed by his own troops. The rest of the Göktürks managed to escape and allied themselves with Ashina Funian (阿史那伏念) for a new rebellion. Funian declared himself qaghan in 681, but his revolt did not succeed and more than fifty participants were executed on November 16 at the Chinese capital. The remaining rebellious Göktürks formed the Second Turkic Eastern Qaghanate under Ilteris Sad and his 5,000 supporters. They were mostly active in the southern region bordering China at mount Čoγay (总材山). Over the decade they held countless raids across the Chinese border.
Exactly when or how the Tiele came under their subjection is unclear. However, during this period, a number of pro-Chinese Tiele groups who had earlier cooperated with the Chinese against them, such as Uyghur, Qibi, Sijie and Hun (浑), escaped into the Hexi Corridor and eventually resettled to Liangzhou.
According to the Tonyukuk and Kültigin Orkhon script, the Göktürks made five out of forty-seven attacks on the Tiele who were led by Ilteris. Among them, four seem to have been mere raids while the last attack could be seen as their re-subjection on the northern steppe. The estimated date for the Tiele submission to the Göktürks would be around 687, probably without much resistance.
The establishment of a second Göktürk capital at the foot of the sacred mountain Ötüken (於都斤山) brought unrest to the Tiele tribes. After the Uyghur chief was killed, they were recruited for their annual raiding campaigns over the Chinese border after 694. These raids were halted in 708, as the Chinese constructed fortifications along the Ordos. Raids continued elsewhere as Qapagan turned his attention to the west and the Turgesh and Qarluq tribes between 708 and 715. By this time, some of the Tiele had escaped into China and were settled in Lingzhou and elsewhere, while others like the Bayegu had revolted in 707. These revolts continued until 716 and Qapagan, on his way back from suppressing revolts by the Uyghur, Tongluo, Baixi, Bayegu and Pugu, was ambushed and killed by a Bayegu tribesman named Xiezhilue (颉质略) on July 22. In conclusion, not all tribes were involved in the revolts. Two of the northernmost tribal allies, the Guligan and Dubo (都播) did not participate in any of the revolts.
Soon, Bilge Khan took over the reign and together with Tonyukuk, began to appease the subjected Tiele. Tonyukuk was born in China and was considered a wise statesman in both Turkic and Chinese accounts. Meanwhile, a friendly relationship was built with the Chinese. Till the end of the Second Eastern Qaghanate only one raid in 720 was made on the Chinese border. Bilge Khan started to call for a return of the former members of the Tiele tribes who had settled in China. He had risen in status among the tribal chiefs, especially the Uyghur within the Qaghanate.
During this period, many Tiele had betrayed the local Chinese authorities and fled to the north, in particular the five communities around Liang, Ling, Xia, Feng, and Bingzhou, while minor insurgencies had occurred throughout the process. Among the returning Tiele tribes was the Uyghur, specifically the Yaoluoge, who had escaped into China until 727. The Yaoluoge consisted one of nine clans of Uyghur, and had dominated probably for six generations since the fall of Xueyantuo.
After Bilge Khan was poisoned, there were factional struggles within the ruling clan. Within a few years, an alliance was established between the Basmyl (拔悉蜜), Uyghur and Qarluq. They overthrew the Göktürks and killed the qaghan. Most of the heirs were killed subsequently. At the same time the Basmyl chief, who was approved as qaghan, was overthrown by the allies.
In 745 the exiled qaghan of the Göktürks was killed by a Uyghur chief named Qutlugh Boyla, son of Hushu (护输). He founded the new Uyghur Qaghanate under the title of Qutlugh Bilge Köl Qaghan. The name "Tiele", and the "nine allies (of Tiele)" (九姓) or Toquz Oguz (based on the interpretation of scholar Cen Zhongmian in the late 1950s) is not mentioned afterwards, and was probably replaced by the name Huihu (Uyghur) in historic records. From then on the Uyghur consisted of seven former Tiele tribes and two new tribes, while eight former Tiele tribal names had now disappeared.
References
Primary sources
Sima Guang (1985). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.27). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. .
Sima Guang (1986). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.30). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. .
Sima Guang (1987). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.38). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. .
Sima Guang (1987). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.41). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. .
Sima Guang (1987). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.42). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. .
Sima Guang (1988). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.46). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. .
Sima Guang (1988). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.47). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. .
Sima Guang (1988). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.48). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. .
Sima Guang (1989). A Translation (in Vernacular Chinese) and Annotation of Zizhi Tongjian by Bo Yang (Vol.50). Taipei: Yuan-Liou Publishing Company Ltd. .
Secondary sources
Duan, Lianqin (1988). "Dingling, Gaoju and Tiele". Shanghai: Shanghai People's Press. .
Li, Jihe (2003). "A Research on Migration of Northwestern Minorities Between pre-Qin to Sui and Tang". Beijing: Nationalities Press. .
Lu, Simian [1934] (1996). "A History of Ethnic Groups in China". Beijing: Oriental Press. .
Pulleyblank, Edwin G (2002). "Central Asia and Non-Chinese Peoples of Ancient China". Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. .
Trever, Camilla (1932). "Excavations in Northern Mongolia (1924–1925)". Leningrad: J. Fedorov Printing House. OCLC 2566311.
Shen, Youliang (1998). "A Research on Northern Ethnic Groups and Regimes". Beijing: Central Nationalities University Press. .
Suribadalaha (1986). "New Studies of the Origins of the Mongols". Beijing: Nationalities Press. OCLC 19390448.
Wang, Xiaofu (1992). "Political Relationship Between the Chinese, Tibetan and Arab". Beijing: Peking University Press. .
Xue, Zongzheng (1992). "A History of Turks". Beijing: Chinese Social Sciences Press. .
Zhang, Bibo, and Dong, Guoyao (2001). "Cultural History of Ancient Northern Ethnic Groups in China". Harbin: Heilongjiang People's Press. .
The Peoples of the West, University of Washington, from the Weilue, by Yu Huan
Turkic peoples of Asia
Ethnic groups in Chinese history
History of Central Asia |
23571523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20City%20of%20Toronto%20inside%20and%20outside%20workers%20strike | 2009 City of Toronto inside and outside workers strike | The 2009 City of Toronto inside and outside workers strike (also known as the 2009 Toronto strike) was a legal strike action that was undertaken by the Toronto Civic Employees Union Local 416 and CUPE Local 79, two locals of the Canadian Union of Public Employees in the city of Toronto.
It involved approximately 24,000 city employees.
Background
On June 22 at midnight Toronto municipal workers belonging to 2 separate unions (CUPE Local 416 - representing the outside workers, and CUPE Local 79 - representing the inside workers) went on strike following six months negotiating with the municipality over contract renewal.
Issues
The union said that the main issue for the strike were requests, from the city, for concessions from the union in the new contract.
According to the CBC, the main issues were regard changes to job security, seniority and the banking of sick days. The previous contract allowed some union members to bank unused sick days and cash them out upon retirement. The city proposed contract was to disallow the practise.
CUPE Local 79 President, Ann Dembinski was quoted as saying "This is about getting a fair deal similar to what everyone else got. Everyone else was able to negotiate a collective agreement without huge takeaways. These are huge concessions. No other City of Toronto workforce has had to negotiate any concessions in order to get a collective agreement."
Services affected
Union members from Local 416 and Local 79 work in various departments within the city and the work stoppage affected many of their services, including:
Garbage Collection - from single detached dwellings, low-rise residential dwellings and some small commercial businesses. (exception: former city of Etobicoke which contracted out services before amalgamation).
Parks and Recreation - including city run pools and recreation facilities, grass cutting in parks and summer programmes. Toronto Island ferries halted for visitors and residents.
City run daycare facilities.
Municipal Licensing - including building permits, signage permits, taxi cab licenses and burlesque licenses. Marriage licenses were not affected.
Public Health - including regular health inspections of restaurants, public pools, city beaches, city run health clinics and dental offices.
Toronto EMS - Ambulance service running at 75% capacity with priority calls unaffected.
Water Supply/Water Treatment
Animal Services
Garbage collection
The cessation of garbage collection was one of the more noticeable effects of the labour disruption. Four days into the strike the city announced 19 temporary garbage drop off locations for residential waste. This decision proved controversial in the neighbourhoods containing the sites as residents expressed concerns about pesticide and rodenticide spraying, as well as odour and leaching caused by the piles of garbage. Junk removal entrepreneurs took the opportunity to increase their customer base, specifically because plenty of residents were left without options to deal with their garbage.
Final resolution
On July 27, after extensions to a union-imposed midnight deadline to reach an agreement, CUPE local 416 President Mark Ferguson announced that the union had "the basis for a deal" with the City of Toronto. Ferguson exhorted the city to turn its attention to resolving outstanding issues with the city's inside workers represented by 416's sister local, local 79.
The final vote by the council on the agreement put forward by the mayor resulted in 21 "yes" votes, 18 "no" votes, and 6 absences.
See also
2009 City of Windsor inside and outside workers strike
Mayor David Miller
References
External links
City of Toronto's Labour dispute homepage
City Of Toronto Inside And Outside Workers Strike, 2009
Labour disputes in Ontario
Canadian Union of Public Employees
City Of Toronto Inside And Outside Workers Strike, 2009 |
20464225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Basque%20regional%20election | 2009 Basque regional election | The 2009 Basque regional election was held on Sunday, 1 March 2009, to elect the 9th Parliament of the Basque Autonomous Community. All 75 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with a regional election in Galicia. It would be the first time that the elections for two of the Spanish "historical regions"—namely, those comprising Andalusia, Catalonia, Galicia and the Basque Country itself—were held simultaneously. This would evolve into an unwritten convention in subsequent years, with Basque and Galician elections being held concurrently in 2012, 2016 and 2020.
The 2009 Basque election was the first one to be held without any major electoral candidacy from the abertzale left, after their previous iterations—the Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (PCTV/EHAK) and Basque Nationalist Action (ANV)—had been outlawed in September 2008 because of their reported ties to ETA and the outlawed Batasuna party. In early February 2009, two political groupings formed by abertzale left members to contest the election, Demokrazia Hiru Milioi (D3M) and Askatasuna ("Freedom"), were barred from contesting the election by both the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court. In response, the abertzale left asked their voters to cast invalid ballots, both in protest to the court rulings and seeking to prevent tactical voting in favour of either Lehendakari Juan José Ibarretxe's Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) or Eusko Alkartasuna (EA).
The election resulted in an upset, as Basque nationalist parties lost their parliamentary majority for the first time in 30 years, paving the way for a non-PNV led government. The Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE) under Patxi López gained seven seats to command a 25-strong caucus, the best historical showing of the party in a Basque regional election. The People's Party (PP), which had switched leaders less than a year before the election as former leader María San Gil quit over disagreements with the national leadership of Mariano Rajoy, had a net loss of two seats from 2005. The new Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) party, founded in 2007 by former PSOE member and regional minister Rosa Díez was able to achieve a breakthrough in Álava and have its regional candidate Gorka Maneiro elected. Meanwhile, PNV's previous coalition partners, Eusko Alkartasuna (EA) and Ezker Batua (EB), suffered a harsh electoral downturn with both their leaders losing their seats and resigning in the aftermath of the election.
The PSE formed a minority government with López as the first non-PNV lehendakari since 1979 through a confidence and supply agreement with the PP. While both parties had established an uneasy alliance in the Basque Country since the late 1990s despite their overall national rivalry, this would constitute the most relevant agreement reached between both parties at any level of administration.
Overview
Electoral system
The Basque Parliament was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of the Basque Country, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the regional Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a lehendakari.
Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in the Basque Country and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The 75 members of the Basque Parliament were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Álava, Biscay and Gipuzkoa, being allocated a fixed number of 25 seats each to provide for an equal representation of the three provinces in parliament as required under the regional statute of autonomy. This meant that Álava was allocated the same number of seats as Biscay and Gipuzkoa, despite their populations being, as of 1 January 2009: 315,280, 1,154,628 and 704,173, respectively.
The use of the D'Hondt method might result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.
Election date
The term of the Basque Parliament expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Gazette of the Basque Country (BOPV), with election day taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication. The previous election was held on 17 April 2005, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 17 April 2009. The election decree was required to be published in the BOPV no later than 24 March 2009, with the election taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Sunday, 17 May 2009.
The lehendakari had the prerogative to dissolve the Basque Parliament at any given time and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a lehendakari within a sixty-day period from the Parliament re-assembly, the Parliament was to be dissolved and a fresh election called.
Lehendakari Ibarretxe had been scheduled to announce a snap election for autumn 2008 following his expected failure in holding a proposed referendum on the Basque Country's political status for 25 October 2008, to be averted by the Spanish government. The electoral defeat of the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) in the 2008 Spanish general election in the region and internal opposition from the PNV leadership to an immediate election delayed the scheduled snap vote to early 2009. Finally on 3 January 2009, Ibarretxe took advantage of Galician president Emilio Pérez Touriño's previous announcement of a Galician election for 1 March to call the Basque election simultaneously, a move which was interpreted by the media and by political parties as intending to caught his political rivals by surprise (particularly, the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and the People's Party (PP), by forcing them to run two simultaneous election campaigns).
Background
The Ibarretxe Plan, a major proposal by Lehendakari Juan José Ibarretxe to reform the 1979 Basque Statute of Autonomy and turn the region into an associated state to Spain as a way to ending the ongoing conflict with the paramilitary ETA group, was brought to a standstill following its parliamentary defeat in a vote in the Congress of Deputies on 1 February 2005 and the subsequent electoral setback of Ibarretxe's coalition in the April 2005 regional election. On 22 March 2006, ETA declared a "permanent ceasefire" to allow for a peace process to ensue with the Spanish government under then-Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, but peace talks terminated as a result of the 2006 Madrid–Barajas Airport bombing on 30 December.
Later into the legislature on 28 September 2007, Ibarretxe attempted to revive his statute reform plan by announcing a new "right to decide roadmap" which provided for a referendum on the proposal being held by 25 October 2008, whether it was in agreement with the Spanish government or without it. The law establishing the legal framework allowing the Basque government to hold the vote was approved by the Basque Parliament in June 2008, but was subsequently suspended and overturned by the Constitutional Court, which ended up ruling that the law and the proposed referendum were unconstitutional.
On 31 August 2006, the leadership of Eusko Alkartasuna (EA) had voted for terminating their electoral alliance with the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) ahead of the 2007 foral and local elections, after seven years of collaboration; on 10 November 2008, the decision was made irreversible after EA announced its maintainment ahead of the incoming 2009 regional election. The 2007 elections had seen strong gains for the Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE) and a decline for the parties supporting Ibarretxe's government, PNV, EA and Ezker Batua (EB), a situation confirmed one year later in the 2008 Spanish general election in the region as the PSE–EE emerged as the most voted party with 38.1% and 9 out of 18 Congress seats.
Concurrently, and in application of the 2002 Law of Political Parties—which allowed the outlawing of parties "whose activity violates democratic principles, particularly when it seeks to deteriorate or destroy the regime of freedoms or prevent or eliminate the democratic system by promoting, justifying or exculpating attacks on the life or integrity of people, legitimizing violence as a method to achieve political objectives or politically supporting the action of terrorist organizations to achieve their purposes of subverting the constitutional order"—the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court barred several parties from contesting elections because of their reported ties to ETA and the outlawed Batasuna party; namely, the Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (PCTV/EHAK), Basque Nationalist Action (ANV), several groupings created specifically to contest the 2007 local elections (such as Abertzale Sozialisten Batasuna and Abertzale Sozialistak) or the 2009 regional election (Demokrazia Hiru Milioi and Askatasuna).
Parliamentary composition
The Basque Parliament was officially dissolved on 6 January 2009, after the publication of the dissolution decree in the Official Gazette of the Basque Country. The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the chamber at the time of dissolution.
Parties and candidates
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.
Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:
Opinion polls
The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 38 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Basque Parliament.
Results
Overall
Distribution by constituency
Aftermath
Invalid votes
After Demokrazia Hiru Milioi (D3M) and Askatasuna ("Freedom") were outlawed in February 2009, Basque separatists were asked to cast their vote for D3M, whose ballots would be counted as invalid. According to some sources, the pro-independence Basque left (that were formerly represented by Batasuna and later by EHAK) was surprised by the lower support of their void option. If the void votes are to be counted as the support of this option, it would have obtained the worst results in their history, having received 100,924 void votes, 50,000 less than in the previous regional election and less than half their historical top in the 1998 election.
Major electoral analysis has been performed on the results and the issue of the void votes by pro-Basque nationalist and non-Basque nationalist parties alike. It is a frequent misunderstanding that, had the votes for the illegal lists been counted as valid, they would have been entitled to seven seats. Actually, taking into account that the average of "normal" void votes (struck-out names, double-voting, etc.) in the last three Basque regional elections (1998, 2001 and 2005) was about 0.4%, and assuming that all the void votes that could not be accounted for by that statistic alone were cast for a hypothetical unitary abertzale list (instead of for two different lists, Askatasuna and D3M), those ~97,000 votes would have accounted for at most 6 seats.
Government formation
The election results saw the Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) of Lehendakari Juan José Ibarretxe securing a clear victory with 38.1% of the vote and 30 seats, but it came at the expense of Ibarretxe's erstwhile allies, Eusko Alkartasuna (EA) and Ezker Batua (EB). Together with Aralar, which had seen a remarkable rise of support in absence of electoral competition from other abertzale left parties—a result of their illegalization because of their ties with ETA and Batasuna—the parties in support of Ibarretxe could only muster 36 out of the 75 seats in the Basque Parliament, against 39 of the combined totals for the Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE), the People's Party (PP) and Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD), meaning that for the first time since 1979 the possibility existed for a non-PNV lehendakari to be appointed. Upon learning of the results, PP regional leader Antonio Basagoiti proclaimed his satisfaction and announced his support for Socialist Patxi López as new lehendakari, who had previously announced that he felt "legitimated to lead the change" and would be running for investiture.
As the PNV–EA–EB alliance—in government since 2001—was no longer workable, the PNV attempted to figure out a coalition agreement with the PSE to remain in power, mirroring the historical collaboration that the two parties had maintained from 1986 to 1998, and hinting at withdrawing PNV's support to Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero's government in the Cortes Generales if the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) did not back their plan. The PSE rejected supporting a new PNV administration even if Ibarretxe was replaced with a different candidate, conditioning any agreement on Patxi López becoming lehendakari, which the PNV refused. Instead, the PSE proposed the formation of a minority cabinet led by López that could be supported by the PP, ruling out a full-fledged coalition. Concurrently, the PSOE's national leadership supported López's bid and defended the PSE's autonomy to agree on any pact that their local branch deemed fit, despite the PNV's threat of withdrawing their support nationally.
Seeking to provide the new government of parliamentary stability, the PSE and the PP—which had been and still were arch-rivals at the national level—reached an unprecedented confidence and supply agreement on 30 March that would see the Basque nationalists ousted from power after 30 years of uninterrupted government. The PNV, which had dubbed any such agreement as "legitimate" but as a "fraud to the electorate" and an "act of political aggression", announced a "harsh" opposition to López's government and vowed to put forth Ibarretxe as their candidate in the investiture session, citing their "right" to head the government as the top-voted party. As part of their agreement, the PSE would support PP's Arantza Quiroga as new president of the Basque Parliament and treat the PP as their "preferred" parliamentary partner, whereas the PP would refrain from moving or supporting any vote of no confidence on the new cabinet.
López was elected as new lehendakari on a 39–35 vote in the investiture session held on 5 May 2009, garnering the additional support of the sole legislator from Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD), and was sworn in two days later. Simultaneously, his political defeat led Ibarretxe to announce his farewell from politics altogether, a move which would allow his party to reorganize itself from opposition hands-free and, eventually, lead to the abandonment of Ibarretxe's sovereigntist plans and discourse.
Notes
References
Opinion poll sources
Other
2009 in the Basque Country (autonomous community)
Basque Country
Regional elections in the Basque Country (autonomous community)
March 2009 events in Europe |
20464229 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%20In%20and%20Out%20the%20Window | Go In and Out the Window | "Go In and Out the Window" is a popular song composed by Hall of Fame songwriter Lew Pollack (1895–1946). The song remains popular
as a children's music standard.
The lyrics of the song were featured in Shirley Jackson's horror novel "The Haunting of Hill House."
Melody c. 1762; lyrics "Bear Went" c. 1939 (Linscott); Earliest Date for US version of Go in and Out the Window: 1911; certainly dates back to 19th century. English versions published 1898.
External links
http://www.bluegrassmessengers.com/go-in-and-out-the-window--version-3-english-1898.aspx
Children's songs
Songs written by Lew Pollack |
20464233 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20Newsweek%20Champions%20Cup%20%E2%80%93%20Singles | 1998 Newsweek Champions Cup – Singles | Marcelo Ríos defeated Greg Rusedski in the final, 6–3, 6–7(15–17), 7–6(7–4), 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1998 Indian Wells Masters.
Michael Chang was the two-time reigning champion, but did not participate this year.
Seeds
The top eight seeds received a bye into the second round.
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Bottom half
Section 3
Section 4
Qualifying
Seeds
Qualifiers
Lucky loser
Nicolás Lapentti
Qualifying draw
First qualifier
Second qualifier
Third qualifier
Fourth qualifier
Fifth qualifier
Sixth qualifier
Seventh qualifier
References
Official results archive (ATP)
Official results archive (ITF)
Newsweek Champions Cup |
17325580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309%20Cleveland%20Cavaliers%20season | 2008–09 Cleveland Cavaliers season | The 2008–09 Cleveland Cavaliers season was the 39th season of the franchise in the National Basketball Association (NBA). They finished the regular season with 66 wins and 16 losses, the best record in the NBA, which easily surpassed the previous franchise best of 57–25 from the 1988–89 and 1991–92 seasons. LeBron James won his first MVP Award. The Cavaliers had the fourth best team offensive rating and the second best team defensive rating in the NBA.
In the playoffs, the Cavaliers swept the Detroit Pistons in the First Round in four games, swept the Atlanta Hawks in the Semifinals in four games, before losing to the Orlando Magic in the Conference Finals in six games, despite the Cavaliers being heavily favored to beat the Magic. The Magic would go on to lose to the Los Angeles Lakers in the NBA Finals in five games. Prior to their elimination by the Magic, many had expected the Cavs to appear in the Finals, which would've also been LeBron and Kobe Bryant's first head-to-head meeting in the Finals.
Key dates
June 26: The 2008 NBA draft took place in New York City.
July 1: The [Free agency] period started.
On October 7, the Cavaliers' pre-season began with an 84–104 loss to Toronto Raptors.
On October 28, the Cavaliers' regular season started with an 85–90 loss at the Boston Celtics.
On October 30, the Cavaliers beat the Charlotte Bobcats 96–79 for their first win in their home opener.
On November 8, the Cavaliers beat the Chicago Bulls 106–97 to improve their record to 5-2 and take over first place in the Central Division.
On November 18, the Cavaliers beat the New Jersey Nets 106–82 for their then season-high eighth straight win and improved their record to a then season high seven games over .500 (9-2).
On December 3, the Cavaliers beat the New York Knicks 118–82 to set a franchise record by starting the season with ten straight home wins.
On December 9, the Cavaliers beat the Toronto Raptors 114–94 to set an NBA record by winning nine straight games by 12 or more points.
On December 12, the Cavaliers beat the Philadelphia 76ers 88–72 for their season best 11th straight win (which tied a franchise record), to improve to a then season high seventeen games over .500, their best 23 game start in franchise history (20-3), and to improve their franchise record by starting the season with thirteen straight home wins.
On December 28, the Cavaliers beat the Miami Heat 93–86 to improve to a season high 22 games over .500, their best 30 game start in franchise history (26–4), and to improve their franchise record by starting the season with 16 straight home wins.
On January 7, the Cavaliers beat the Charlotte Bobcats 111–81 for their best 34 game start in franchise history (28–6), to improve their franchise record by starting the season with 18 straight home wins, to take over first place in the Eastern Conference and to take a share of the best record in the NBA with the Los Angeles Lakers.
On January 9, the Cavaliers beat the Boston Celtics 98–83 to improve to a season high 23 games over .500, their best 35 game start in franchise history (29–6), and to improve their franchise record by starting the season with 19 straight home wins.
On January 23, the Cavaliers beat the Golden State Warriors 106–105 to improve to a season high 25 games over .500, their best 41 game start in franchise history (33–8).
On February 3, the Cavaliers beat the Toronto Raptors 101–83 to get their franchise record 23rd straight home victory, and improved to 38–9 overall on the season.
On February 8, the Cavaliers lost to the Los Angeles Lakers 91–101, their first home loss of the year, dropping to 23–1 at home and 39-10 overall on the season.
On February 10, the Cavaliers lost to the Indiana Pacers 95–96, marking their first consecutive losses of the season.
On March 2, the Cavaliers beat the Miami Heat 107–100, improving to 47-12 and marking the first time in franchise history the team was 35 games over .500.
On March 4, the Cavaliers beat the Milwaukee Bucks 91–73, becoming the first team in the league to clinch a playoff berth.
On March 13, the Cavaliers beat the Sacramento Kings 126–123, clinching the Central Division title: their first since the 1975–76 season and their second in franchise history.
On March 19, the Cavaliers tied an NBA record by committing just 2 turnovers in a 97–92 overtime victory over the Portland Trail Blazers.
On March 24, the Cavaliers beat the New Jersey Nets 98–87, improving their record to 58–13 and setting a franchise record for wins in a season.
On March 31, the Cavaliers beat the Detroit Pistons 79–73, extending their winning streak to a new franchise record 13 wins in a row, setting a new franchise record and tying an NBA record for wins in any month by improving to 16–1 in March, and extending their franchise record for wins in a season, improving to 61–13.
On April 10, the Cavaliers beat the Philadelphia 76ers 102–92, clinching the best record in the Eastern Conference for the first time in franchise history.
On April 13, the Cavaliers beat the Indiana Pacers 117–109, clinching the best record in the NBA and home-court advantage throughout the playoffs, the first time ever the Cavaliers have done so.
On April 15, the Cavaliers concluded their regular season with a 111–110 loss to the Philadelphia 76ers in OT. They finished the season 66–16, going 39–2 at home and 27–14 on the road. Their home record was the second-best in NBA history.
On April 26, the Cavaliers advanced to the second round of the 2009 NBA Playoffs by defeating the Detroit Pistons four games to none.
On May 9, the Cavaliers defeated the Atlanta Hawks 97–82 and became the first team in NBA history to win seven consecutive playoff games by a double-digit margin.
On May 11, the Cavaliers defeated the Atlanta Hawks 84–74, earning a spot in the NBA Eastern Conference Finals. It was also the first time in franchise history they swept two consecutive playoff series.
On May 30, the Cavs' season ended when they lost to the Orlando Magic in Game 6 of the Eastern Conference Finals, 103–90, in Orlando. The Magic took Game 1 in Cleveland with a 1-point victory and went on to win the series 4-2 before going on to lose to the Los Angeles Lakers 4–1 in the NBA Finals. 8 of the last 9 eastern conference No 1 seeded teams have been beaten in the Conference Finals.
Offseason
On June 26, 2008, the Cavaliers acquired the draft rights to forward Darnell Jackson from the Miami Heat in exchange for the lower of the Cavaliers two second-round picks in the 2009 NBA Draft. In addition, Cleveland purchased the rights to center Sasha Kaun from the Seattle SuperSonics.
On August 4, 2008, the Cavaliers signed Tarence Kinsey to a one-year contract.
On August 13, 2008, the Cavaliers traded Damon Jones and Joe Smith to the Milwaukee Bucks for Maurice Williams as part of a three-team, a six-player deal among the Cavaliers, Milwaukee Bucks and Oklahoma City.
On September 5, 2008, the Cavaliers signed Lorenzen Wright to a one-year contract. Second year swingman Gabe Skinner waived to make room for the acquisition.
Draft picks
Roster
Regular season
Standings
Record vs. opponents
Game log
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 1
| October 28
| @ Boston
|
| LeBron James (22)
| Anderson Varejão (9)
| LeBron James (6)
| TD Banknorth Garden18,624
| 0-1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 2
| October 30
| Charlotte
|
| Daniel Gibson (25)
| Ben Wallace (10)
| LeBron James (9)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 1-1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 3
| November 1
| @ New Orleans
|
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (18)
| Ben Wallace (8)
| LeBron James (13)
| New Orleans Arena18,150
| 1–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 4
| November 3
| @ Dallas
|
| LeBron James (29)
| Ben Wallace (13)
| Maurice Williams (6)
| American Airlines Center19,923
| 2–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 5
| November 5
| Chicago
|
| LeBron James (41)
| Ben Wallace (14)
| LeBron James (6)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 3–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 6
| November 7
| Indiana
|
| LeBron James (27)
| LeBron James (9)
| LeBron James (8)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 4–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 7
| November 8
| @ Chicago
|
| LeBron James (41)
| LeBron James (13)
| Maurice Williams (7)
| United Center21,965
| 5–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 8
| November 11
| Milwaukee
|
| LeBron James (41)
| Varejão, Ilgauskas (10)
| LeBron James (6)
| Quicken Loans Arena19,842
| 6–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 9
| November 13
| Denver
|
| Maurice Williams (24)
| James, Varejão (8)
| LeBron James (11)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 7–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 10
| November 15
| Utah
|
| LeBron James (38)
| Ben Wallace (10)
| LeBron James (7)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 8–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 11
| November 18
| @ New Jersey
|
| LeBron James (31)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (9)
| Maurice Williams (6)
| Izod Center16,911
| 9–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 12
| November 19
| @ Detroit
|
| Williams, James (25)
| Anderson Varejão (11)
| LeBron James (6)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 9–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 13
| November 22
| Atlanta
|
| LeBron James (24)
| Ben Wallace (8)
| LeBron James (8)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 10–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 14
| November 25
| @ New York
|
| LeBron James (26)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (10)
| Daniel Gibson (7)
| Madison Square Garden19,763
| 11–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 15
| November 26
| Oklahoma City
|
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (17)
| Ilgauskas, Varejão (7)
| Delonte West (10)
| Quicken Loans Arena19,753
| 12–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 16
| November 28
| Golden State
|
| LeBron James (23)
| Szczerbiak, Wallace (9)
| LeBron James (8)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 13–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 17
| November 29
| @ Milwaukee
|
| LeBron James (32)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (17)
| James, West (5)
| Bradley Center16,237
| 14–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 18
| December 3
| New York
|
| LeBron James (21)
| Ilgauskas, Varejão (10)
| LeBron James (6)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 15–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 19
| December 5
| Indiana
|
| Williams, Varejão, Ilgauskas (17)
| Ilgauskas, James (8)
| LeBron James (11)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 16–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 20
| December 6
| @ Charlotte
|
| LeBron James (25)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (11)
| Daniel Gibson (5)
| Time Warner Cable Arena19,133
| 17–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 21
| December 9
| Toronto
|
| LeBron James (31)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (6)
| Maurice Williams (9)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,049
| 18–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 22
| December 10
| @ Philadelphia
|
| LeBron James (29)
| Ben Wallace (10)
| LeBron James (5)
| Wachovia Center15,550
| 19–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 23
| December 12
| Philadelphia
|
| LeBron James (28)
| Darnell Jackson (8)
| LeBron James (7)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 20–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 24
| December 13
| @ Atlanta
|
| LeBron James(33)
| Anderson Varejão (8)
| LeBron James (9)
| Philips Arena19,200
| 20–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 25
| December 17
| @ Minnesota
|
| LeBron James (32)
| Anderson Varejão (11)
| Delonte West (5)
| Target Center14,899
| 21–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 26
| December 19
| @ Denver
|
| LeBron James (33)
| LeBron James (10)
| LeBron James (8)
| Pepsi Center19,155
| 22–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 27
| December 21
| @ Oklahoma City
|
| LeBron James (31)
| Wallace, Varejão (6)
| LeBron James (7)
| Ford Center19,136
| 23–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 28
| December 23
| Houston
|
| LeBron James (27)
| LeBron James (9)
| LeBron James (5)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 24–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 29
| December 25
| Washington
|
| Maurice Williams (24)
| Anderson Varejão (13)
| Delonte West (7)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 25–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 30
| December 28
| Miami
|
| LeBron James (33)
| Ben Wallace (14)
| LeBron James (9)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 26–4
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 31
| December 30
| @ Miami
|
| LeBron James (38)
| Anderson Varejão (10)
| LeBron James (7)
| American Airlines Arena19,600
| 26–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 32
| January 2
| Chicago
|
| Anderson Varejão (26)
| LeBron James (10)
| LeBron James (11)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 27–5
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 33
| January 4
| @ Washington
|
| LeBron James (30)
| Anderson Varejão (10)
| LeBron James (10)
| Verizon Center20,173
| 27–6
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 34
| January 7
| Charlotte
|
| LeBron James (21)
| Ben Wallace (9)
| Delonte West (7)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 28–6
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 35
| January 9
| Boston
|
| LeBron James (38)
| Anderson Varejão (9)
| LeBron James (6)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 29–6
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 36
| January 13
| @ Memphis
|
| LeBron James (30)
| LeBron James (11)
| LeBron James (10)
| FedExForum15,121
| 30–6
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 37
| January 15
| @ Chicago
|
| LeBron James (28)
| LeBron James (14)
| LeBron James (7)
| United Center21,297
| 30–7
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 38
| January 16
| New Orleans
|
| LeBron James (29)
| LeBron James (14)
| LeBron James (7)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 31–7
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 39
| January 19
| @ L.A. Lakers
|
| LeBron James (23)
| Anderson Varejão (12)
| Maurice Williams (5)
| Staples Center18,997
| 31–8
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 40
| January 21
| @ Portland
|
| LeBron James (34)
| Wally Szczerbiak (10)
| LeBron James (14)
| Rose Garden20,632
| 32–8
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 41
| January 23
| @ Golden State
|
| LeBron James (32)
| James, Pavlović, Varejão (9)
| LeBron James (8)
| Oracle Arena19,596
| 33–8
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 42
| January 24
| @ Utah
|
| LeBron James (33)
| LeBron James (14)
| LeBron James (9)
| EnergySolutions Arena19,911
| 34–8
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 43
| January 27
| Sacramento
|
| Maurice Williams (43)
| LeBron James (15)
| Maurice Williams, LeBron James (11)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 35–8
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 44
| January 29
| @ Orlando
|
| LeBron James (23)
| James, Varejão (8)
| LeBron James (8)
| Amway Arena17,461
| 35–9
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 45
| January 30
| L.A. Clippers
|
| LeBron James (25)
| Ilgauskas, Wallace (11)
| James, Williams (6)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 36–9
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 46
| February 1
| @ Detroit
|
| LeBron James (33)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (8)
| LeBron James (8)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 37–9
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 47
| February 3
| Toronto
|
| LeBron James (33)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (8)
| Maurice Williams (9)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 38–9
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 48
| February 4
| @ New York
|
| LeBron James (52)
| Wally Szczerbiak (13)
| LeBron James (11)
| Madison Square Garden19,763
| 39–9
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 49
| February 8
| L.A. Lakers
|
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (22)
| Ilgauskas, Varejão (9)
| LeBron James (12)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 39–10
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 50
| February 10
| @ Indiana
|
| LeBron James (47)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (11)
| LeBron James (4)
| Conseco Fieldhouse18,165
| 39–11
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 51
| February 11
| Phoenix
|
| Maurice Williams (44)
| Ben Wallace (11)
| Maurice Williams (7)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 40–11
|- align="center"
|colspan="9" bgcolor="#bbcaff"|All-Star Break
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 52
| February 18
| @ Toronto
|
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (22)
| Anderson Varejão (14)
| LeBron James (9)
| Air Canada Centre19,800
| 41–11
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 53
| February 20
| @ Milwaukee
|
| LeBron James (55)
| Anderson Varejão (7)
| LeBron James (9)
| Bradley Center18,076
| 42–11
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 54
| February 22
| Detroit
|
| Delonte West (25)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (8)
| LeBron James (9)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 43–11
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 55
| February 24
| Memphis
|
| Daniel Gibson (19)
| J. J. Hickson (9)
| LeBron James (8)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 44–11
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 56
| February 26
| @ Houston
|
| James, Williams (21)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (13)
| Maurice Williams (4)
| Toyota Center18,399
| 44–12
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 57
| February 27
| @ San Antonio
|
| LeBron James (30)
| LeBron James (14)
| Delonte West (5)
| AT&T Center18,797
| 45–12
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 58
| March 1
| @ Atlanta
|
| LeBron James (26)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (11)
| LeBron James (11)
| Philips Arena19,639
| 46–12
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 59
| March 2
| @ Miami
|
| LeBron James (42)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (15)
| Maurice Williams (7)
| American Airlines Arena19,600
| 47–12
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 60
| March 4
| Milwaukee
|
| LeBron James (23)
| Anderson Varejão (9)
| James, West (4)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 48–12
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 61
| March 6
| @ Boston
|
| Maurice Williams (26)
| James, West (6)
| Delonte West (8)
| TD Banknorth Garden18,624
| 48–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 62
| March 7
| Miami
|
| Maurice Williams (29)
| LeBron James (10)
| LeBron James (12)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 49–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 63
| March 10
| @ L.A. Clippers
|
| LeBron James (32)
| LeBron James (13)
| LeBron James (11)
| Staples Center19,060
| 50–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 64
| March 12
| @ Phoenix
|
| LeBron James (34)
| LeBron James (10)
| LeBron James (13)
| US Airways Center18,422
| 51–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 65
| March 13
| @ Sacramento
|
| LeBron James (51)
| Anderson Varejão (12)
| LeBron James (9)
| ARCO Arena16,317
| 52–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 66
| March 15
| New York
|
| Maurice Williams (23)
| Anderson Varejão (9)
| LeBron James (10)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 53–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 67
| March 17
| Orlando
|
| LeBron James (43)
| LeBron James (12)
| LeBron James (8)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 54–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 68
| March 19
| Portland
|
| LeBron James (26)
| LeBron James (11)
| LeBron James (10)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 55–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 69
| March 21
| Atlanta
|
| Maurice Willams (24)
| Jackson, Varejão (8)
| Maurice Williams (7)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 56–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 70
| March 22
| @ New Jersey
|
| LeBron James (30)
| James, Varejão (11)
| LeBron James (8)
| Izod Center18,348
| 57–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 71
| March 25
| New Jersey
|
| LeBron James (22)
| Anderson Varejão (11)
| LeBron James (11)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 58–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 72
| March 27
| Minnesota
|
| LeBron James (25)
| LeBron James (12)
| LeBron James (7)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 59–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 73
| March 29
| Dallas
|
| LeBron James (24)
| Joe Smith (13)
| LeBron James (12)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 60–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 74
| March 31
| Detroit
|
| LeBron James (25)
| LeBron James (12)
| Delonte West (6)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 61–13
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 75
| April 2
| @ Washington
|
| LeBron James (31)
| LeBron James (9)
| Delonte West (7)
| Verizon Center20,173
| 61–14
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 76
| April 3
| @ Orlando
|
| LeBron James (26)
| LeBron James (9)
| LeBron James (5)
| Amway Arena17,461
| 61–15
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 77
| April 5
| San Antonio
|
| LeBron James (38)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (10)
| LeBron James (6)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 62–15
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 78
| April 8
| Washington
|
| LeBron James (21)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (13)
| LeBron James (7)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 63–15
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 79
| April 10
| @ Philadelphia
|
| LeBron James (27)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (9)
| LeBron James (10)
| Wachovia Center20,484
| 64–15
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 80
| April 12
| Boston
|
| LeBron James (29)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (10)
| LeBron James (7)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 65–15
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 81
| April 13
| @ Indiana
|
| LeBron James (37)
| Anderson Varejão (11)
| Maurice Williams (8)
| Conseco Fieldhouse18,165
| 66–15
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 82
| April 15
| Philadelphia
|
| Daniel Gibson (28)
| Jackson, Wally Szczerbiak (8)
| Wally Szczerbiak (8)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 66-16
Playoffs
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 1
| April 18
| Detroit
| W 102–84
| LeBron James (38)
| Zydrunas Ilgauskas (10)
| LeBron James (7)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 1–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 2
| April 21
| Detroit
| W 94–82
| LeBron James (29)
| LeBron James (13)
| Mo Williams (7)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 2–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 3
| April 24
| @ Detroit
| W 79–68
| LeBron James (25)
| LeBron James (11)
| LeBron James (9)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 3–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 4
| April 26
| @ Detroit
| W 99–78
| LeBron James (36)
| LeBron James (13)
| LeBron James (8)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 4–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 1
| May 5
| Atlanta
| W 99–72
| LeBron James (34)
| LeBron James (10)
| Delonte West (9)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 1–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 2
| May 7
| Atlanta
| W 105–85
| LeBron James (27)
| Anderson Varejão (8)
| James, Williams (5)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 2–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 3
| May 9
| @ Atlanta
| W 97–82
| LeBron James (47)
| LeBron James (12)
| LeBron James (8)
| Philips Arena20,143
| 3–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 4
| May 11
| @ Atlanta
| W 84–74
| LeBron James (27)
| Anderson Varejão (11)
| LeBron James (8)
| Philips Arena19,241
| 4–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 1
| May 20
| Orlando
| L 106–107
| LeBron James (49)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (10)
| LeBron James (8)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 0–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 2
| May 22
| Orlando
| W 96–95
| LeBron James (35)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (15)
| James, Williams (5)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 1–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 3
| May 24
| @ Orlando
| L 89–99
| LeBron James (41)
| Žydrūnas Ilgauskas (9)
| LeBron James (9)
| Amway Arena17,461
| 1–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 4
| May 26
| @ Orlando
| L 114–116 (OT)
| LeBron James (44)
| LeBron James (12)
| James, West (7)
| Amway Arena17,461
| 1–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 5
| May 28
| Orlando
| W 112–102
| LeBron James (37)
| LeBron James (14)
| LeBron James (12)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 2–3
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 6
| May 30
| @ Orlando
| L 90–103
| LeBron James (25)
| Anderson Varejão (8)
| LeBron James (7)
| Amway Arena17,461
| 2–4
Player statistics
Legend
Season
Playoffs
Awards and records
Awards
LeBron James was named the Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played from November 3 through November 9.
LeBron James was named the Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played from November 10 through November 16.
LeBron James was named Eastern Conference Player of the Month for November 2008.
LeBron James was named the Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played from December 22 through December 28.
Mike Brown was named Eastern Conference Coach of the Month for December 2008.
Mike Brown was named NBA Coach of the Year for the 2008–2009 season.
LeBron James was named the NBA Most Valuable Player for the 2008–2009 NBA regular season.
Milestones
On November 18, LeBron James became the youngest player to reach 11,000 career points and the only player to score 11,000 points in a Cavaliers uniform; he also passed Jim Brewer for 6th in defensive rebounds in Cavs history.
On December 9, LeBron James passed Mark Price to become the Cavaliers' all-time steals leader.
On the same night, Zydrunas Ilgauskas passed Brad Daugherty to become the Cavaliers' all-time rebounds leader.
On January 4, LeBron James passed Brad Daugherty to become the Cavaliers' all-time free throws attempted leader. On the same night he also passed Wesley Person for 2nd all time in three-point field goals made.
On January 23, LeBron James passed Brad Daugherty to become the Cavaliers' all-time free throws made leader.
On January 30, Mike Brown became just the second Cleveland coach to coach the Eastern Conference all-star team.
On February 3, LeBron James became the youngest player to reach 12,000 career points.
On March 21, Zydrunas Ilgauskas became the fourth Cavalier to reach 10,000 career points.
On March 22, Zydrunas Ilgauskas passed John "Hot Rod" Williams to become the Cavaliers' all-time blocks leader.
On March 25, LeBron James became only the second player in NBA history to record 2,000 points, 500 rebounds and 500 assists in at least 4 seasons.
On March 31, Zydrunas Ilgauskas became only the third player to play at least 700 games as a Cavalier.
Transactions
Trades
Free agents
March 5, 2009: Acquired Joe Smith from Oklahoma City Thunder
References
External links
2008 in sports in Ohio
2009 in sports in Ohio
Cleveland
Cleveland Cavaliers seasons |
17325600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Charles%20Convention%20Center | St. Charles Convention Center | The St. Charles Convention Center is a convention center in St. Charles, Missouri. It opened in April 2005 and is managed by Spectra.
The facility has a . Grand Ballroom, and . of Exhibit Hall space expandable to . through the adjacent Junior Ballroom. The facility features additional meeting rooms, Executive Board Room, and the Compass Café. Other major partners include Coca-Cola, MillerCoors, Yellow Pages, New Frontier Bank, Women's Journals, and Goellner Printing.
Events
The St. Charles Convention Center hosts a variety of events throughout the year, from large consumer shows to dance competitions, conventions to small corporate meetings. Notable annual events include:
St. Louis Best Bridal
St. Louis Golf Show
St. Charles Boat Show
Working Women's Survival Show
St. Charles Home & Garden Show
St. Charles County Annual Mayors Ball
St. Louis Weapon Collectors Gun & Knife Show
St. Louis Comicon
St. Louis Pet Expo
Anime St. Louis
Image gallery
References
External links
St. Charles Convention Center Official website
Convention centers in Missouri
Buildings and structures in St. Charles County, Missouri
Tourist attractions in St. Charles County, Missouri |
17325611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexford%20Orotaloa | Rexford Orotaloa | Rexford Orotaloa (born 1956) is a Solomon Islands writer best known for the novel Two Times Resurrection and the story collection Suremada: Faces from a Solomon Island Village. His work often focuses on the conflict between modern and traditional culture.
References
The Pacific Islands: An Encyclopedia. By Brij V. Lal, Kate Fortune. University of Hawaii Press, 2000.
External links
Robert Viking O'Brien's article on Two Times Resurrection from Ariel: A Review of International English Literature
1948 births
Solomon Islands novelists
Living people
Solomon Islands short story writers |
17325625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furryville | Furryville | Furryville is a German line of Mattel toys that launched in 2005. Furryville toys are small stuffed animals up to 3 inches in height. The line consists of many types of animals, usually sold in sets. They are typically packaged as either a family of four animals of the same species or as "two-furs", two toys sold together (but not always of the same species). A Furryville toy can also be sold individually, such as "Kangaroo Court" (a tennis-playing kangaroo) or "Sensational Groom" (a wedding skunk). They are available online only.
The families are named for their species, in additions to groups like "Family Moments", "Around the World" and "Town Collection".
In 2006, Mattel came under fire from nurses for a new single called "Nurse Quacktitioner". Thousands of nurses complained to Mattel about the reference to "quacks" – in medicine a common expression for a medical practitioner who is a fraud. Mattel replied that the figure was a duck, and that ducks "quack". The figure was withdrawn from the market.
References
Products introduced in 2005
Mattel
Stuffed toys
Toy animals |
20464254 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Andorran%20parliamentary%20election | 2009 Andorran parliamentary election | Parliamentary elections were held in Andorra on 26 April 2009, the fourth under the 1993 Constitution. The elections were held at the end of the normal four-year term of the General Council (Consell General, Andorra's parliament), but also following months of intense pressure from Co-Prince Nicolas Sarkozy to change the country's banking secrecy laws.
The Social Democratic Party led by Jaume Bartumeu was the clear winner, with 45.03% of votes for its national list, followed by the "Reformist Coalition" led by the Liberal Party of Andorra (32.34%) and the new Andorra for Change party (18.86%). The Social Democrats hold fourteen seats in the General Council, against eleven for the Liberals and three for Andorra for Change.
The electorate, restricted to Andorran citizens, was 20,298 voters out of a population of about 85,000. There were 114 candidates for 28 seats, more than one candidate for every 200 voters. Turnout was 75.3%.
Issues
The main issue in the elections is the possible changes required to Andorra's economic model to facilitate its international relations.
On 11 March 2009, three weeks before the 2009 G-20 London Summit, the Head of Government Albert Pintat made a unilateral declaration in Paris promising to improve the exchange of information (for tax purposes) about non-residents who hold bank accounts in Andorra. He committed the incoming government to drafting changes to the banking secrecy laws by 1 September 2009, which would then be passed by the General Council before 15 November 2009. He also announced that he would not be leading the Liberal Party of Andorra in the elections so as to devote his time to negotiating tax treaties with other countries, starting with France. Such agreements would also abolish the punitive customs duties which France and Spain impose on Andorran exports (33% and 25% respectively). The Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party have agreed to cooperate in the drafting of the new legislation.
The negotiation of tax treaties is complicated by the present tax structure of Andorra. The state is funded mostly by indirect taxation, such as levies on water supplies and telecommunications, and by fees for administrative permits. The Social Democratic Party proposes the introduction of income tax and value added tax, albeit at low rates, whereas the Liberal Party prefers keeping changes to the tax system to a minimum. Andorra for Change rejects any changes whatsoever to the current system.
A third issue is the relationship Andorra should have with the European Economic Area (EEA): at present, Andorra has a limited set of bilateral agreements with the European Union in the fields of economic, social, and cultural cooperation, signed in June 2004. The Social Democratic Party favours expanding these into a fully fledged association agreement; the Liberal Party is more reticent, but has promised to cooperate in any discussions.
Electoral system
Twenty-eight "general councillors" were elected on 26 April 2009, based on party lists (closed list system):
two general councillors from each of the seven parishes, elected from the list with most votes in each parish;
fourteen general councillors elected from national lists using the largest remainder method of proportional representation.
The parish lists and the national list are independent of one another: the same person cannot appear on both the national list and on a parish list, and voters cast two separate ballots (there is no requirement to vote for the same party for both lists).
Party lists
Results
References
"Law 28/2007": Llei 28/2007, del 22 de novembre, qualificada de modificació de la Llei qualificada del règim electoral i del referèndum.
External links
Official site on the 2009 parliamentary elections from the Government of Andorra
El Periòdic d'Andorra , daily newspaper
Diari d'Andorra, daily newspaper
Homepages for party lists
Reformist Coalition
Social Democratic Party
Andorra for Change
National Union of Progress
Greens of Andorra
Parliamentary
Andorra
Parliamentary elections in Andorra
General Council (Andorra)
April 2009 events in Europe |
17325657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officinalis | Officinalis | Officinalis, or officinale, is a Medieval Latin epithet denoting organisms—mainly plants—with uses in medicine, herbalism and cookery. It commonly occurs as a specific epithet, the second term of a two-part botanical name. Officinalis is used to modify masculine and feminine nouns, while officinale is used for neuter nouns.
Etymology
The word literally means 'of or belonging to an ', the storeroom of a monastery, where medicines and other necessaries were kept. was a contraction of , from (gen. ) 'worker, maker, doer' (from 'work') + , , 'one who does', from 'do, perform'. When Linnaeus invented the binomial system of nomenclature, he gave the specific name officinalis, in the 1735 (1st Edition) of his , to plants (and sometimes animals) with an established medicinal, culinary, or other use.
Species
Althaea officinalis (marshmallow)
Anchusa officinalis (bugloss)
Asparagus officinalis (asparagus)
Avicennia officinalis (mangrove)
Bistorta officinalis (European bistort)
Borago officinalis (borage)
Buddleja officinalis (pale butterflybush)
Calendula officinalis (pot marigold)
Cinchona officinalis (quinine)
Cochlearia officinalis (scurvygrass)
Corallina officinalis (a seaweed)
Cornus officinalis (cornelian cherry)
Cyathula officinalis (ox knee)
Cynoglossum officinale (houndstongue)
Euphrasia officinalis (eyebright)
Fumaria officinalis (fumitory)
Galega officinalis (goat's rue)
Gratiola officinalis (hedge hyssop)
Guaiacum officinale (lignum vitae)
Hyssopus officinalis (hyssop)
Jasminum officinale (jasmine)
Laricifomes officinalis (a wood fungus)
Levisticum officinale (lovage)
Lithospermum officinale (gromwell)
Magnolia officinalis
Melilotus officinalis (ribbed melilot)
Melissa officinalis (lemon balm)
Morinda officinalis (Indian mulberry)
Nasturtium officinale (watercress)
Paeonia officinalis (common paeony)
Parietaria officinalis (upright pellitory)
Pulmonaria officinalis (lungwort)
Rheum officinale (a rhubarb)
Rosa gallica 'Officinalis' (apothecary rose)
Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary)
Salvia officinalis (sage)
Sanguisorba officinalis (great burnet)
Saponaria officinalis (soapwort)
Scindapsus officinalis (long pepper)
Sepia officinalis (cuttlefish)
Sisymbrium officinale (hedge mustard)
Spongia officinalis (bath sponge)
Stachys officinalis (betony)
Styrax officinalis (drug snowbell)
Symphytum officinale (comfrey)
Taraxacum officinale (dandelion)
Valeriana officinalis (valerian)
Verbena officinalis (vervain)
Veronica officinalis (speedwell)
Zingiber officinale (ginger)
See also
Sativum or Sativa, the Medieval Latin epithet denoting certain cultivated plants
References
Taxonomy (biology)
Latin biological phrases |
20464260 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldenstriped%20soapfish | Goldenstriped soapfish | The goldenstriped soapfish (Grammistes sexlineatus), also known as the lined soapfish, golden-striped bass, radio fish, sixline soapfish, six-lined perch or white-lined rock cod, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, related to the groupers and classified within the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae. It has a wide Indo-Pacific distribution.
Description
Grammistes sexlineatus is a middle sized fish, which can grow to a maximum length of 30 cm. Its background body color is dark brown with a maximum of six white to yellow horizontal lines. The number of lines depends on the maturity of the fish. Juveniles have white to yellow dots on a dark background until an approximate size of 17.5 mm. Thereafter, the points gradually become lines. At a length of 5 cm, these soap fish have three horizontal lines. Only from 8 cm long that the soapfish gets the six distinctive horizontal lines. Note that in adult specimens close to the maximum size, these lines tend to sever to form small strokes and points.
Distribution and habitat
The six lined soapfish is widespread throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific area from the eastern coast of Africa to the oceanic islands of the Pacific Ocean, including Hawaii and the Red Sea as well as from southern Japan to northern New Zealand.
This soapfish occurs in coastal rocky and coral reefs from shallow to 40–50 meters depth.
Biology
Individuals are generally solitary in their reef habitat. They usually stay hidden in crevices, and are most active at night.
Like other fish in the subfamily Grammistinae, this species produces a toxin from the skin. The toxins in the skin secretions are known as grammistins. These secretions resemble lathered soap and are the basis for the common name of Soap Fish. This is not caught as a food fish because the flesh reportedly has a bitter, unpleasant taste.
Taxonomy
The goldenstriped soapfish was first formally described as Perca sixlineata in 1792 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Peter Thunberg (1743-1828) with the type locality given as the East Indies or Japan.
References
External links
goldenstriped soapfish
Fish of the Indian Ocean
Fish of the Pacific Ocean
goldenstriped soapfish |
17325661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathon%20Technologies | Marathon Technologies | Marathon Technologies Corp. was founded by senior executives and engineers responsible for developing Digital Equipment Corporation's VAXft fault-tolerant systems. The team used this experience to create the first software and networking technology that allowed multiple Windows/Intel servers to operate as a single fault-tolerant system.
Marathon Technologies migrated its technology in 2004 to a software-only product named everRun that works with standard off-the-shelf x86 Intel and AMD servers with Windows Server 2003 and unmodified Windows applications.
In 2007, Marathon Technologies announced its v-Available product initiative, designed to fill the gap in the market for effective high availability software for server virtualization. In the spring of 2008 the company released everRun VM for Citrix XenServer the first in the series of v-Available products from Marathon Technologies that provides fault-tolerant high availability and disaster recovery protection.
In late 2010, Marathon released everRun MX, the industry's first software-based fault tolerant solution for symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) and multi-core servers and applications.
Marathon Technologies is headquartered in Littleton, MA, United States with additional offices in the United States, Europe and Asia. Marathon Technologies has taken venture funding from Atlas Venture, Longworth Venture Partners and venture capital firm Sierra Ventures.
Marathon Technologies was acquired by Stratus in September 2012.
References
External links
Official Website
Official Blog
24/7 Uptime - UK elite partner
Stratus acquisition
Companies established in 1993
Software companies based in Massachusetts
Software companies of the United States |
20464277 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Comorian%20legislative%20election | 2009 Comorian legislative election | Parliamentary elections were held in the Comoros on 6 December 2009, with a second round on 20 December. The elections were originally scheduled for July 2009, but were postponed until after a constitutional referendum was held in May 2009. They were then scheduled to take place on 29 November, but were delayed again. The result was a victory for the Baobab Movement, a coalition supporting President Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi.
Electoral system
The elections were held using the two-round system with 24 single-member constituencies. The remaining nine seats in the Assembly of the Union were filled by appointees from the assemblies of the autonomous islands of the Comoros, Grande Comore, Mohéli and Anjouan, with each island selecting three members.
Campaign
Most candidates supporting President Sambi campaigned as the Baobab coalition, named after their identifying symbol, the Baobab tree.
Results
References
Comoros
2009 in the Comoros
Elections in the Comoros
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results |
17325668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Madden%20%28footballer%29 | Peter Madden (footballer) | Peter Madden (31 October 1934 – 13 April 2020) was an English professional footballer who played for Rotherham United from 1955–1966. He was also manager of the English football clubs Darlington (1975–1978) and Rochdale (1980–1983). After leaving Rochdale in March 1983 he stayed in the area and ran a public house in nearby Littleborough. He was married to Christine and a father to five. He died in April 2020 at the age of 85.
Managerial stats
References
External links
1934 births
2020 deaths
English footballers
English football managers
English Football League players
Association football defenders
Rotherham United F.C. players
Bradford (Park Avenue) A.F.C. players
Aldershot Town F.C. players
Darlington F.C. managers
Rochdale A.F.C. managers
Skegness Town A.F.C. players
Footballers from Bradford
Publicans |
17325678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mystic | The Mystic | The Mystic is a 1925 American MGM silent drama film directed by Tod Browning, who later directed MGM's Freaks (1932). It was co-written by Browning and Waldemar Young, writing a similar storyline to their earlier 1925 hit film The Unholy Three. Browning was unable however to hire his favorite star Lon Chaney this time around, and The Mystic wound up a little-known film with a cast of now-forgotten names.
Aileen Pringle's gowns in the film were by already famous Romain de Tirtoff (known as Erté).
A print of the film exists.
Plot
As described in a film magazine reviews, Zara is a gypsy rogue who joins with Confederate Zazarack to aid Michael Nash, the crooked guardian of heiress Doris Merrick, to gain control of her estate by way of fake seances. Jimmie Barton with the aid of Zara and her gypsies succeeds in swindling the Wall Street financier out of his fortune. Jimmie tries to tell Zara that he loves her. In a fight with her confederates, he proves his love for her. Zara and her band are captured by the police, and Jimmie escapes with the loot. Zara’s suitor tries to get her to marry him, but seeing the hopelessness of his cause, he notifies Jimmie. They are reconciled after Jimmie returns the stolen money.
Cast
Footnotes
References
Eaker, Alfred. 2016. Tod Browning Retrospective. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
External links
Stills at silenthollywood.com
1925 films
Silent American drama films
American silent feature films
American black-and-white films
1925 drama films
Films directed by Tod Browning
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
1920s American films |
17325753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biesterfeld%20%28disambiguation%29 | Biesterfeld (disambiguation) | Biesterfeld is a subdivision of Lügde, Germany.
Biesterfeld may also refer to:
Biesterfeld (company), a company of Germany
People with the surname
Yvonne Cormeau or Beatrice Yvonne Biesterfeld, World War II heroine
See also
Lippe-Biesterfeld family |
20464316 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avisauridae | Avisauridae | Avisauridae is a family of extinct enantiornithine dinosaurs from the Cretaceous period, distinguished by several features of their ankle bones. Depending on the definition used, Avisauridae is either a broad and widespread group of advanced enantiornithines (following Cau & Arduini, 2008), or a small family within that group, restricted to species from the Late Cretaceous of North and South America (following Chiappe, 1992).
Description
Avisaurids were among the largest and last enantiornithines to have lived, although they are also among the most poorly preserved. The majority of them are known primarily from fossilized tarsometatarsal bones, the part of a bird's leg formed by fused metatarsals (the bones which comprise the foot in humans). As a result, members of this family are distinguished from other enantiornithines exclusively by features of the tarsometatarsal and pedal phalanges (toe bones).
Unlike in some prehistoric birds, avisaurid tarsometatarsals were not completely fused, with the distal (outer) parts of the metatarsals being separate from each other. The proximal (near) half of metatarsal III (the long bone in the middle of the tarsometatarsus) is convex from the front. The inside edge of this bone's trochlea (toe joint) has a bony tab which points downward, known as a plantar projection. The innermost bone of the tarsometatarsus, metatarsal I, is small, laterally compressed (flattened from side-to-side), and J-shaped from the side. It is connected to a reversed hallux sporting a very large and curved claw.
Chiappe and Calvo (1994) found that the Avisauridae shared adaptations of the foot — including a fully reversed and distally placed hallux with a large claw — that indicated the ability to perch in trees. They argued that an arboreal habit was most likely for all of the Avisauridae.
History and classification
Avisauridae was erected as a family by Michael Brett-Surman and Gregory S. Paul in 1985. At that time the family consisted of a few fossils that they believed belonged to small non-avian dinosaurs. They doubted that these fossils belonged to birds due to the presence of several features of the tarsometatarsus. In Avisaurus (the only avisaurid known at that time), only the proximal parts of the metatarsals were fused, the proximal part of metatarsal III was wide, and the hypotarsus (a wide ridge extending down the back of the tarsometatarsus) was poorly developed.
However, Chiappe later reassigned the Avisauridae to the class Aves (which is equivalent to the clade Avialae in modern usage) and the subclass Enantiornithes in 1992. He noted that the features used to exclude avisaurids from birds are in fact present in some early birds such as Archaeopteryx, as well as various Cretaceous bird groups. Avisaurids also had a thin metatarsal IV (the outermost long bone of the tarsometatarsus) and a bony knob on the front of metatarsal II (the most innermost long bone of the tarsometatarsus) for the insertion of M. tibialis cranialis (the muscle which flexes the ankle, also known as the M. tibialis anticus or M. tibialis anterior), both believed to be enantiornithean features.
Chiappe in 1993 defined the family as the common ancestor of Neuquenornis volans and Avisaurus archibaldi plus all its descendants. In 2008, the family was given a broader definition courtesy of Cau and Arduini. They redefined the group as Avisaurus archibaldi and all genera more closely related to it than to either Longipteryx, Gobipteryx or Sinornis. Matt Martyniuk gave the name Avisauroidea to this group, although the erection of that name has been criticized by Cau. Under this broader definition, several other enantiornitheans, such as Enantiophoenix, would qualify as members of the family. Nevertheless, enantiornithean taxonomy is notably difficult to resolve, and some analyses on enantiornitheans have not resolved the family. However, this may be due to such analyses focusing on early Cretaceous enantiornitheans (which are numerous and well-preserved) rather than fragmentary late Cretaceous taxa, such as most avisaurids.
The following is a cladogram based on Cau and Arduini (2008):
References
Cretaceous birds
Prehistoric dinosaur families |
17325759 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Greenwood%20School%20%28Putney%2C%20Vermont%29 | The Greenwood School (Putney, Vermont) | The Greenwood School is a specialized boarding and day school for students in grades 6 through 12. Greenwood is situated on a 100-acre campus outside the village of Putney, Vermont in the southeastern part of the state. The Greenwood School is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC), approved by the state of Vermont, and is a member of the National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS).
History
Therapeutic based hands-on learning. They believed that the education of children who were underachievers, who were diagnosed as "dyslexic" or as having "attention difficulties" was best addressed by giving them intellectual and creative challenges in the classroom using discussion and verbal instruction. Learning was adapted to the students' natural strengths and aptitudes. Because the Scheidler's design for the school embedded a variety of learning experiences in a challenging pre-prep curriculum, Greenwood was not a "special school", but an enriched pre-preparatory program tailored to meet the needs of specific students.
Class days included tutorial help in rote skills, especially reading and writing, but by tailoring the entire program to meet student needs and focusing on their method of teaching via oral tradition, the Scheidlers kept costs down for families and schools.
The curriculum included all elementary and middle school subjects, as well as other required courses. The curriculum included structured exercises in the spoken word, visual art, manual skills and dramatics for all students, in recognition of the enhanced imaginations, visual memory and auditory skills of many Greenwood students and the need to develop students' oral communication skills.
Tom Scheidler published articles about his work using guided imagery (psychosynthesis) techniques with Greenwood students, and concerning his utilization of metaphor to help students get past psychological and emotional barriers to learning. He lectured internationally and also served on the board of the New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC). His work combined with Andrea Scheidler's speech, performance and visual art curriculum to encourage imagination, foster attention and self-discipline. The Scheidlers discovered that when students who were "acting out" were helped to channel energies into theater, storytelling and speech, students gained confidence and social skills that benefited them later in life.
Philosophy and academics
Today, Greenwood is a Special School for students with a variety of academic learning challenges. With a 2:1 student to teacher ratio, classes are small at the Greenwood School, ranging from 1 to 10 students. Greenwood's remedial language program uses a diagnostic-prescriptive approach, including the Lindamood-Bell and Orton Gillingham methods. The program targets all aspects of literacy, including phonology, phonics, morphology, and orthography. Students spend one hour a day in a language tutorial to study and practice reading, spelling, comprehension, handwriting, and writing from dictation. All instruction is multisensory, structured, sequential, and sensitive to students’ individual learning styles. Because written work is such a difficult process for most students with a language-based learning disability, Greenwood students spend an additional period in writing instruction. Assistive technology programs such as Dragon NaturallySpeaking, Inspiration and Kurzweil are used to aid students in the writing process. The language remediation described above is combined with an academic curriculum that includes science, history, literature, art, music, crafts, and athletics. Twice daily study halls train students to apply skills independently. All students attend weekly group social pragmatics lessons, and for some students speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, and/or additional social pragmatics are also part of Greenwood's academic program.
Facilities
Boarding students live in the Greenwood dormitory, which has twenty-four student rooms, four faculty apartments, and three common rooms. The dorm is designed to allow developmental grouping. The remainder of the resident teachers live in adjacent buildings.
The academic center houses the school library and assembly room, the dining hall, a STEM center, and 12 classrooms. A long time partnership with the Yellow Barn Music School and Festival has added nine eco-friendly, cabin-like classroom spaces that Yellow Barn uses as rehearsal spaces during the summer and Greenwood uses as supplemental classrooms during the school year.
The gym, which includes an outdoor skate park and climbing wall, is used for physical education and large gatherings. The campus also includes an expanded woodshop and pottery studio and an administrative building.
Sports and recreation
A gym teacher and four coaches head a variety of seasonal sports and outdoor activities, including interscholastic soccer, basketball, and baseball as well as intramural track, rock climbing, volleyball, bowling, archery, outdoor leadership, orienteering, cross-country skiing and downhill skiing. A network of trails that wind through the campus are used for hiking, mountain biking, and cross-country skiing. A pond is available for science classes, fishing, and boating; and the campus has an outdoor skate/bike park and dirt jump area. The winter sports program includes a weekend trip to Mount Snow for downhill skiing, snowboarding and terrain park. Outdoor activities are emphasized, the gym facility was originally intended to be a covered basketball court for use during rainy days.
Vacation program
The Greenwood School runs the CONNECT Program, a community service-learning program for boys with learning differences.
National recognition
The Greenwood School was featured on Public Television's National Education Report in 2007.
In February 2013, The Greenwood School announced that they were going to work together with Ken Burns on the documentary The Address. The film was aired on PBS in the spring of 2014.
The school also was known for hosting the first annual Learn The Address national competition in 2014, where students from chosen schools would compete while reciting The Gettysburg Address. The national competition ran until 2017 in which other schools have hosted it.
Notes
External links
The Greenwood School Website
Greenwood on National Education Report
International Dyslexia Association
The Association of Boarding Schools (TABS) profile
Learn The Address
Boarding schools in Vermont
Schools in Windham County, Vermont
Buildings and structures in Putney, Vermont
Educational institutions established in 1978
Private high schools in Vermont
Private middle schools in Vermont
1978 establishments in Vermont |
17325776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acheloma | Acheloma | Acheloma (also known as Trematops milleri) is an extinct genus of temnospondyl that lived during the Early Permian. The type species is A. cumminsi.
History of study
Acheloma was named by Edward Drinker Cope in 1882 based on a partial skull with associated postcranial elements from the Arroyo Formation of Texas; the specimen is currently reposited at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Subsequent discoveries of large trematopids from the Arroyo Formation were named as different species of Trematops (T. milleri, T. willistoni), but these have since been synonymized with Acheloma cumminsi. Trematops stonei from the Washington Formation of Ohio and Trematops thomasi from Oklahoma have also been synonymized with A. cumminsi. A second species of Acheloma was described by Polley & Reisz (2011) from the Richards Spur locality in Oklahoma.
Anatomy
Schoch & Milner (2014) provide nine characters in their diagnosis of Acheloma: (1) toothed crest on the vomer extending medial to the internal naris; (2) constricted otic notch with nearly horizontal ventral margin; (3) preorbital region twice as long as the skull table; (4) naris twice as long as the orbit; (5) posterior skull table wide and posterolaterally expanded; (6) skull margin widens at level of and posterior to orbit; (7) palatine and ectopterygoid with tall fangs; (8) large intervomerine fenestra; and (9) choana elongate and curved with a Y-shaped contour. Acheloma cumminsi and A. dunni are distinguished by the purported absence of lateral exposures of the palatine (LEP) and the ectopterygoid (LEE) in A. cumminsi, but these exposures were subsequently identified following re-examination of the holotype of this taxon.
Ecology
Various analyses have confirmed hypotheses that Acheloma was a terrestrial temnospondyl.
Phylogeny
The following cladogram shows the phylogenetic position of Acheloma, from Polley & Reisz, 2011.
References
Dissorophids
Trematopids
Cisuralian temnospondyls of North America
Prehistoric amphibian genera
Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope
Fossil taxa described in 1882 |
17325777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ambassadors%20of%20the%20United%20States%20to%20Croatia | List of ambassadors of the United States to Croatia | The diplomatic post of United States Ambassador to Croatia was created on April 7, 1992, following Croatia's independence from SFR Yugoslavia and its recognition as an independent state by the United States, although official presence of the US in Croatia began with the establishment of the US Consulate in Zagreb on May 9, 1946.
See also
Embassy of Croatia, Washington, D.C.
Croatia – United States relations
Foreign relations of Croatia
Ambassadors of the United States
References
United States Department of State: Background notes on Croatia
External links
United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission for Croatia
United States Department of State: Croatia
United States Embassy in Zagreb
Croatia
United States |
17325798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aikawa%2C%20Niigata | Aikawa, Niigata | was a town located in Sado Island, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.
On March 1, 2004, Aikawa and the other 9 municipalities in the island were merged to create the city of Sado. Since then, Aikawa has been one of the 10 subdivisions of Sado City.
History
Transportation
Bus
Niigata Kotsu Sado
Local attractions
Aikawa Gold and Silver Mine (Sado mine)
Kitazawa Flotation Plant (:ja:北沢浮遊選鉱場)
Aikawa Folk Museum
Sado bugyōsho
Senkakuwan Bay (:ja:尖閣湾)
See also
Sado, Niigata
Sado mine
Sado bugyō
References
External links
Sado Tourism Association
The Sado Complex of Heritage Mines, Primarily Gold Mines (Sado City Government's website)
Dissolved municipalities of Niigata Prefecture |
17325810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawata%2C%20Niigata | Sawata, Niigata | was a town located in Sado Island, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.
On March 1, 2004, Sawata and the other 9 municipalities in the island were merged to create the city of Sado. Since then, Sawata has been one of the 10 subdivisions of Sado City.
Transportation
Bus
Niigata Kotsu Sado
Sawata Bus Station
Highway
See also
Sado, Niigata
References
External links
Sado Tourism Association
Dissolved municipalities of Niigata Prefecture |
17325828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogi%2C%20Niigata | Ogi, Niigata | was a town located in Sado Island, Niigata Prefecture, Japan.
On March 1, 2004, Ogi and the other 9 municipalities in the island were merged to create the city of Sado. Since then, Ogi has been one of the 10 subdivisions of Sado City.
Transportation
Bus
Niigata Kotsu Sado
Highway
Sea
Ogi Port
Sado Kisen Terminal
Car ferry services to/from Naoetsu Port (Jōetsu City)
Local attractions
Shukunegi (:ja:宿根木)
Tarai Bune
Rengebuji temple
Ogi Coast
Yajima, Kyojima
Kotoura Cave (Ryuodo Cave)
See also
Sado, Niigata
External links
Sado Tourism Association
Shukunegi Official Website
Sado Steam Ship
Sado Geopark
Dissolved municipalities of Niigata Prefecture |
17325841 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9-Aminoacridine | 9-Aminoacridine | 9-Aminoacridine is a highly fluorescent dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, an intracellular pH indicator and a small molecule MALDI matrix.
See also
2-Aminoacridine
3-Aminoacridine
4-Aminoacridine
References
Aromatic amines
Acridines
DNA intercalaters |
17325858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versicolor | Versicolor | Versicolor may refer to:
Brugmansia versicolor, a near threatened species
Calotes versicolor, an agamid lizard
Eleutherodactylus versicolor, a species of frog found in Ecuador and Peru
Hyla versicolor, a species of frog found in North America
Ipomoea versicolor, an ornamental plant
Iris versicolor, a medicinal plant
Meriania versicolor, a species of plant endemic to Colombia
Panulirus versicolor, a species of spiny lobster
Pestalotiopsis versicolor, a plant pathogen
Phrynobatrachus versicolor, a species of frog found in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda
Sphaeradenia versicolor, a species of plant endemic to Ecuador
Symplocos versicolor, a critically endangered species
Tinea versicolor, a common skin infection
Trametes versicolor, a common polypore mushroom |
20464325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Snow | Don Snow | Don Snow (born 13 January 1957 in London) is a British vocalist and multi-instrumentalist, who plays the Hammond organ, piano, guitar, bass guitar, drums and saxophone. He is primarily known for his work with the new wave bands Squeeze, the Sinceros and the Catch, as well as Procol Harum. He has also frequently toured with Van Morrison and has played the Hammond organ and piano on three of his albums.
Career
He started his career in 1978 as an original member of the new wave/power pop outfit the Sinceros, who were signed to Epic Records and released a string of successful albums. Around this time, he also played with Lene Lovich and Bill Nelson, before he joined Squeeze in 1982, replacing Paul Carrack. At this time, he recorded with drummer Chris Whitten as the Catch, releasing the single "25 Years" which reached number 3 on the German charts, sold half a million copies and stayed on the charts for 40 weeks. He also recorded with artists such as Judie Tzuke, Tracey Ullman, Nik Kershaw, ABC and Sheila Walsh.
In 1987, he joined Tina Turner for her Break Every Rule World Tour and recorded the album Live in Europe. He also recorded with Roger Daltrey, Tom Jones, Jimmy Somerville, Chris Eaton, Holly Johnson, Boy George, Jaki Graham and Gary Moore. On 11 June 1988, Snow played the first Nelson Mandela benefit at the Wembley Arena along with Al Green, Joe Cocker, Natalie Cole, Jonathan Butler, Freddie Jackson, and Ashford & Simpson.
In 1990, Snow played with the John Lennon tribute band in Liverpool, before he re-joined Squeeze in 1991 for touring. In 1992, after appearing on records by Tina Turner, Judie Tzuke, Thomas Anders and Heartland, he played keyboards for Procol Harum and later played for Van Morrison. He joined Squeeze for the third time in 1995 and played with Morrison again in 1998.
Since 2000, he has recorded releases with Kylie Minogue, Melanie C, Joe Cocker, Mark Owen, Michael Ball, released several solo albums and recently produced Alexis Cunningham.
In December 1992, he changed his name to Jonn Savannah. He now lives in Medford, New Jersey.
Discography
Album credits
1978 – Lene Lovich – Stateless
1979 – The Sinceros – The Sound of Sunbathing
1979 – The Barron Knights – Tell the World to Laugh
1979 – Peter C. Johnson – Peter C. Johnson
1980 – Johnny Logan – Save Me
1980 – The Vibrators – Batteries Included
1981 – The Sinceros – Pet Rock
1981 – The Quick – Ship to Shore
1981 – The Sinceros – 2nd Debut
1981 – Fingerprintz – Beat Noir
1982 – Jona Lewie – Heart Skips Beat
1982 – Judie Tzuke – Shoot the Moon
1982 – Squeeze – Sweets from a Stranger
1982 – Fern Kinney – All It Takes Love to Know Love
1983 – Wendy & the Rocketts – Dazed for Days
1983 – Bianca – Where the Beat Meets the Street
1983 – Judie Tzuke – Ritmo
1983 – Tracey Ullman – They Don't Know
1984 – The Catch – Balance on Wires
1984 – Nik Kershaw – The Riddle
1984 – Nik Kershaw – Human Racing
1984 – Tracey Ullman – You Caught Me Out
1984 – Tin Tin – Kiss Me
1984 – Paul Da Vinci – Work So Hard
1985 – ABC – How to be a Zillionaire!
1985 – Gianni Morandi – Uno So Mille
1985 – Sheila Walsh – Shadowlands
1987 – The Catch – Walk the Water
1987 – Roger Daltrey – Can't Wait to See the Movie
1987 – Model – Model
1987 – Chris Eaton – Vision
1988 – Tina Turner – Live in Europe
1989 – Holly Johnson – Blast
1989 – Jimmy Somerville – Ready My Lips
1989 – Tom Jones – At This Moment
1989 – Gary Moore – Wild Frontier
1989 – Jaki Graham – From Now On
1989 – Baby Ford – Beach Bump
1991 – Thomas Anders – Whispers
1991 – Tina Turner – Simply the Best
1991 – Judie Tzuke – Left Hand Talking
1991 – Heartland – Heartland
1991 – This Picture – A Violent Impression
1992 – Judie Tzuke – I Can Read Books
1993 – Van Morrison – Too Long in Exile
1994 – Van Morrison – A Night in San Francisco
1994 – Hanne Boel – Misty Paradise
1994 – Gregory Gray – Euroflake in Silverlake
1995 – Brian Kennedy – Intuition
1995 – Martyn Joseph – Martyn Joseph
1995 – Jimmy Somerville – Dare to Love
1995 – Van Morrison – Days Like This
1996 – Ray Charles – Strong Love Affair
1996 – Squeeze – Ridiculous
1996 – Right Said Fred – Smashing!
1996 – Judie Tzuke – Under the Angels
1997 – The Vibrators – Demos & Raities
1999 – Joe Cocker – No Ordinary World
1999 – Ashley Maher – The Blessed Rain
1999 – Siggi – Siggi
1999 – Emmet Swimming – Big Night Without You
2000 – Kylie Minogue – Light Years
2000 – Ruth – Ruth
2001 – Russell Watson – The Voice
2001 – Steve Balsamo – All I Am
2003 – Melanie C – Reason
2003 – American Idol – Season 2
2003 – Ruben Studdard – Superstar
2003 – Sandi Russell – Incascedent
2004 – American Idol – Season 3
2004 – Mark Owen – In Your Own Time
2005 – Bernie Armstrong – The Face of Christ
2006 – Heavy Little Elephants – Heavy Little Elephants
2006 – Michael Ball – One Voice
2007 – Pawnshop Roses – Let It Roll
2009 – Carsie Blanton – Carsie Blanton
2009 – Alcaz – On Se Dit Tout
2010 – Alexis Cunningham – Wonderlust
2011 – Alexis Cunningham – Love at the End of the World
2014 – Die Fantastischen Vier (feat. Jonn Savannah) – 25
References
External links
Official website
Don Snow' Fan page at procolharum.com
1945 births
Living people
English male singers
English multi-instrumentalists
English record producers
English new wave musicians
Procol Harum members
Squeeze (band) members
English expatriates in the United States
People from Medford, New Jersey
The Vibrators members
The Sinceros members |
17325862 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar%20Down | Dollar Down | Dollar Down is a 1925 American silent drama film directed by Tod Browning. A print in the UCLA Film and Television Archive has one of its six reels missing. Filmed in April 1924 at the F.B.O Studios in Santa Monica, California, Dollar Down was the first of two features produced by Roland and Browning's production company, Co-Artists Productions.
Plot
As described in a film magazine reviews, Alec Craig has a fine position as general manager of a manufacturing firm, but his wife and daughter almost ruin him with their extravagance. They buy everything on the part payment plan, and their daughter Ruth pawns a ring that is not paid for to raise money with which to give an elaborate party. A man tricks her into disclosing the fact that her father’s company has an option on a valuable piece of land. Suspicion falls on Alec and he is about to lose his position. Ruth takes the blame, prevents the man from exercising the option, and a niece of Alec’s redeems the pawned ring.
Cast
References
External links
1925 films
1925 drama films
Silent American drama films
American silent feature films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Tod Browning
1920s American films |
20464326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenfell%20Centre | Grenfell Centre | Grenfell Centre, also known as The Black Stump, is a high rise office building located at 25 Grenfell Street in the Adelaide city centre. It is the ninth tallest building in Adelaide, South Australia, with a height of 103 metres (338 feet). It was the tallest building in the city until surpassed by the Telstra House in 1987. It has 26 floors and was completed in 1973. In the 1980s, the building's foyer and interior were refurbished. A ten-metre antenna was attached in 1980 and upgraded with digital transmitters in 2003, increasing the height a metre further.
In 2007, the building was redeveloped, and two frameless glass cubes were constructed at the entrance of the building. This redevelopment earned it the Royal Australian Institute of Architects Commercial Architecture Award of Commendation.
, Oracle uses the building; over the last few years, the company logo has been displayed at the top.
Its nickname, "black stump", in reference to the building's appearance, is also a colloquial Australian phrase.
See also
List of tallest buildings in Adelaide
References
Skyscrapers in Adelaide
Buildings and structures in Adelaide
Skyscraper office buildings in Australia
Office buildings completed in 1973 |
17325874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%20D.%20Baker%20House | Newton D. Baker House | Newton D. Baker House, also known as Jacqueline Kennedy House, is a historic house at 3017 N Street NW in Washington, D.C. Built in 1794, it was home of Newton D. Baker, who was Secretary of War, during 1916–1920, while "he presided over America's mass mobilization of men and material in World War I. After the assassination of president John F. Kennedy in 1963, Jacqueline Kennedy purchased the house and lived here for about a year.
It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976.
History
The house was built in 1794 by Thomas Beall. During its early years, the house was situated on a large plot of land and was said to have had a servants wing attached to the east side. At that time N Street was known as Gay Street and was situated higher than today.
In 1796, John Laird, a wealthy merchant, lived in the house, and later Maj. George Peter, a War of 1812 commander and Maryland Congressman, purchased the house who lived there until 1827, when the same Laird bought the house for his son. In 1834, William Redin, the first auditor of the Circuit Court for the District of Columbia, purchased it.
In 1868, Redin's unmarried daughter inherited and sold the dwelling, which became the Georgetown Female Seminary. The Seminary had a student body of boarders and day students totaling 105. In approximately 1890, John H. Smoot bought the building and converted it back to a private residence again.
In 1915, Col. William E. Pattison French purchased the house, and began renting it to Newton D. Baker in 1916. When Baker returned to Cleveland in 1920, French either leased or lived in the house himself for more than two decades. During the World War II, the British military attache occupied the house and rented rooms to British officers.
After the World War II, Vice Admiral Alan Kirk, later Ambassador to Belgium and to the Soviet Union, purchased the property. Three years later, Dr. E. H. Gushing bought the home along with his wife. They sold the attached servants' wing as a separate residence to Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Woodward who built a new front entrance and lived in the home. The Cushings updated the main house's electrical wiring and plumbing and removed some of the interior walls therefore enlarging the living room.
In 1954, James McMillan Gibson bought the dwelling, added a small rear wing, and installed an elevator and lived there with his wife.
In 1964, Jacqueline Kennedy purchased the house and lived in it shortly after the assassination of president John F. Kennedy in 1963. The Kennedy family lived here for about a year.
In 1965, Michael Whitney Straight purchased the home for $200,000 (), from Kennedy when she moved to New York City. While living in the home, Straight married his second wife, Nina G. Auchincloss Steers in 1974. Nina was the daughter of Nina Gore and Hugh D. Auchincloss. She was the half-sister of writer Gore Vidal and coincidentally, a stepsister of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. Straight and his wife spent $125,000 () renovating the home and decided to move to Bethesda, Maryland in 1976 when he was vice chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts. Straight and his wife lived in the home from until 1976.
In 1976, Yolande Bebeze Fox, the former Miss America 1951, bought the home from Straight. Fox lived in the home until her death in February 2016.
Architectural details
The home is considered more representative of New England architecture than other contemporary Georgetown homes. The house has many architectural details including "a wide limestone stairway", "pink-painted lintels with keystones", "brick voussoirs", "Doric pilasters", and a "semi-elliptical fanlight".
Resident timeline
1794-1796 - Thomas Beall
1796-? - John Laird
?-1827 - George Peter
?-1834 - John Laird's son
1834-1868 - William Redin
1868-1890 - Georgetown Female Seminary
1890-1915 - John H. Smoot
1915-1916 - Col. William E. Pattison French
1916-1920 - Newton D. Baker
1920-1941 - Col. William E. Pattison French
1941-1945 - British military attache
1945-1948 - Vice Admiral Alan Kirk
1948-1954 - Dr. E. H. Gushing (who sold the old servant's wing to Stanley Woodward)
1954-1964 - James McMillan Gibson
1964-1965 - Jacqueline Kennedy, Caroline Kennedy, John F. Kennedy, Jr.
1965-1976 - Michael Whitney Straight and Nina G. Auchincloss Steers
1974-2016 - Yolande Bebeze Fox
2017–present - David W. Hudgens performed extensive renovations
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C.
References
External links
National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C.
Houses completed in 1794
Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.
1794 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Washington, D.C.
District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites |
17325896 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Watson%27s%20Institution | John Watson's Institution | The John Watson's Institution was a school established in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1762. It was based in the building which is now Modern One of the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, designed in the Greek Revival style in 1825 by architect William Burn.
History
In 1762 John Watson, an Edinburgh solicitor and Writer to the Signet, left the residue of his estate for charitable purposes for children in the Edinburgh area. A refuge was established which eventually became John Watson's Institution, commonly known as John Watson's School.
In 1975 the school was closed and in 1984 the organisation was changed by Parliament to the John Watson's Trust in order to distribute funds from the sale of its assets.
The school magazine was known as "The Levite".
Headmasters
John Langhorne (1897–1925)
John Langhorne was born at Tonbridge, Kent in 1862. He was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. His first appointments were Queen Elizabeth's school, Dedham and Christ's College, Finchley. He moved to Edinburgh in 1890 and for seven years was master at Loretto School, which had been founded by a distant relative Thomas Langhorne. John Langhorne died whilst on a visit to Barnard Castle on 27 August 1925 and is buried there. He had been a member of the Association for Teachers in Secondary Schools (Scotland). After his death a bronze tablet was installed in his memory at the school. He was the son of the Reverend John Langhorne and died without issue.
Alumni
Marion Stevenson, missionary to Africa, and opponent of female genital mutilation.
James Drummond Young, Lord Drummond Young, judge of the Supreme Courts of Scotland and Chairman of the Scottish Law Commission.
References
Defunct schools in Edinburgh
Educational institutions established in 1762
1762 establishments in Scotland
History of Edinburgh
Charities based in Edinburgh
Educational institutions disestablished in 1975
1975 disestablishments in Scotland |
17325902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippe-Biesterfeld | Lippe-Biesterfeld | The House of Lippe-Biesterfeld was a comital cadet line of the House of Lippe (a German dynasty reigning from 1413 until 1918, of comital and, from 1789, of princely rank).
The comital branch of Lippe-Biesterfeld ascended the throne of the Principality of Lippe in 1905, after the extinction of the ruling main branch, when count Leopold of Lippe-Biesterfeld became Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe. He continued to rule until the German Revolution of 1918. In 1916, he created his younger brother, count Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, a prince. Through the latter's son, Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld (1911–2004), the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, it also became a title of the Dutch Royal House, created in 1937.
History
The branch of Lippe-Biesterfeld was founded by count Jobst Herman (1625–1678), youngest son of count Simon VII of Lippe-Detmold. He received Biesterfeld with parts of the former county of Schwalenberg, as a paragium. From the Lippe-Biesterfeld branch the line of Lippe-Weissenfeld was separated in 1734. Both, Biesterfeld and Weissenfeld were so-called paragiums (non-sovereign estates of a cadet-branch) of the ruling House of Lippe. Jobst Herman built the manor of Biesterfeld around 1660. Frederick Charles Augustus, Count of Lippe, moved the comital brewery from Schwalenberg to Biesterfeld in 1740. However, both the lands of Lippe-Biesterfeld and Lippe-Weissenfeld were ceded and sold to the princely line of Lippe(-Detmold) on 24 May 1762. Frederick Charles Augustus preferred to live in a hunting lodge in the Sachsenwald forest, near Hamburg, named after him, Friedrichsruh, the current home of the princes Bismarck.
Frederick William (1737-1803), the eldest surviving son of count Frederick Charles Augustus, married Elisabeth Johanna, Edle von Meinertzhagen (1752-1811) who inherited a small manor house at Oberkassel, Bonn, where the couple moved in 1770, and which was to become the home to the Lippe-Biesterfeld family for the following 209 years. Beethoven is said to have been the piano teacher of the couple's children.
The Head of the Lippe-Biesterfeld family was given the style Illustrious Highness () at Detmold on 27 August and 1 October 1844.
When, in 1895, the mentally ill Prince Alexander ascended the throne of the Principality of Lippe, Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe was appointed to act as regent of Lippe, according to a then secretly kept decree of the predecessor Prince Woldemar. Alexander was the last male of the Lippe-Detmold line; the next senior lines of the House of Lippe were the Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld, followed by the Counts of Lippe-Weissenfeld, and then by the most junior line the Princes of Schaumburg-Lippe. Shortly after becoming a member state of the German Empire in 1871, Prince Woldemar of the Lippe-Detmold line died on 20 July 1895. The next ruler was his brother, Alexander, Prince of Lippe, but the power needed to be exercised by a regent throughout his reign on account of his mental illness. This right for regency resulted in an inheritance dispute between the neighboring principality of Schaumburg-Lippe and the Lippe-Biesterfeld line.
Ernest, Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld, hitherto living at Oberkassel, became regent of the principality from 1897 until his death in 1904. The dispute was only resolved by the Imperial Court in Leipzig in 1905, with the lands passing to the Lippe-Biesterfeld line who, until this point, had no territorial sovereignty. Ernest's son Prince Leopold IV (1871–1949) was the first and only count of Lippe-Biesterfeld to become ruling prince of Lippe, residing at Detmold Castle.
Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872–1934), the younger brother of Leopold IV and father of prince consort Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, was born at Oberkassel and grew up there. Later he acquired castle Reckenwalde and an estate in East Brandenburg (today Wojnowo, Poland), where his son grew up. A first cousin of the prince-consort, Prince Ernst August of Lippe (1917–1990), sold the house at Oberkassel in 1979, after he had acquired Syburg castle at Bergen, Middle Franconia, in 1970.
The current head of the House of Lippe is Stephan, Prince of Lippe (born 24 May 1959), a grandson of Leopold IV, and present owner of Detmold Castle. He is also a first cousin once removed of Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (1911–2004), the prince consort of Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (1909–2004).
1627–1905: Lords and Counts of Lippe-Biesterfeld
1916-1918: Princes of Lippe-Biesterfeld
Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld, Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld 1916–1918 (1911-2004)
1909–1916: Morganatic title and new cadet line
On 8 February 1909, the title Countess of Biesterfeld (not related to the previous title Count of Lippe-Biesterfeld) was created for Armgard von Cramm (1883–1971) and her descendants. Armgard was the wife of Prince Bernhard of Lippe (1872–1934), the brother of Prince Leopold IV. On 24 February 1916, Armgard and her two sons Bernhard (1911–2004) and Aschwin (1914–1988) were created Prince(ss) of Lippe-Biesterfeld with the style Serene Highness. They returned to a more senior position in the line of succession to the Lippian throne, in which they previously had been the very last. The suffix Biesterfeld was revived to mark the foundation of a new cadet line.
1937 – present: Dutch Royal title
By royal decree of 6 January 1937, the titles Prince of the Netherlands, with the style Royal Highness, and Prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld, were created in the Kingdom of the Netherlands for Prince Bernhard and his descendants. The Lippe-Biesterfeld title hereby became also a Dutch one. On 7 January 1937, Bernhard married Princess Juliana of the Netherlands (who later was the Queen regnant of the Netherlands between 1948 and 1980). From this marriage, four daughters were born who all hold the title Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld:
Beatrix (born 1938, Queen of the Netherlands from 1980 to 2013)
Irene (born 1939)
Margriet (born 1943)
Christina (1947–2019)
Since the title is only inheritable in male line, with them the title will become extinct.
1998 – present: Other
By royal decree of 26 May 1998, the descendants of Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven (born 1968), eldest son of Princess Margriet, all have the newly created surname van Lippe-Biesterfeld van Vollenhoven.
See also
List of consorts of Lippe
References
House of Lippe |
20464345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20Mauritian%20general%20election | 2010 Mauritian general election | General elections were held in Mauritius on 5 May 2010. The coalition comprising Mauritius Labour Party under Navin Ramgoolam, the Militant Socialist Movement under Pravind Jugnauth and the Mauritian Social Democrat Party under Xavier Luc Duval, won a majority with 41 seats in the parliament. The Mauritian Militant Movement-led coalition under Paul Berenger finished second with 18 seats. The Mauritian Solidarity Front won one seat and the Rodrigues Movement won the two remaining seats. The elections were the ninth to be held since independence from the United Kingdom in 1968.
The Mauritius Labour Party, the Mauritian Social Democrat Party (PMSD) and the Militant Socialist Movement (MSM) formed an electoral coalition called Alliance de L'Avenir () for this election. Ramgoolam, the alliance leader, allotted 35 seats to his own party to compete for the 60 seats on the island, whereas the MSM was given 18 and the PMSD 7. Before the election, it appeared that Berenger might gain back the PM's post that he held from 2003 to 2005; he was the first prime minister since independence that was not of South Asian origin. Berenger led his own alliance of parties, known as the Alliance du Coeur (), a reference to the official logo of the Mauritian Militant Movement, by far the biggest party in that alliance. Parties based in Rodrigues compete for the two remaining seats, with the Rodrigues People's Organisation and the Rodrigues Movement being the main parties there.
During the election, 62 seats in the National Assembly of Mauritius were contested with a further 8 seats to be designated by the electoral commission under a complex formula designed to keep a balance of ethnic groups in the parliament. The candidates must declare which ethnic group (Hindu, Muslim, Chinese or "general population") they belong to in order to run for a seat. In 2010, 104 of the candidates refused to do so, resulting in them being disqualified, leaving 529 candidates for the seats. Around 130 foreign observers, including some from the African Union and the Southern African Development Community, were present to monitor the voting process.
Around 900,000 people were eligible to vote in the election. The main issues debated were economic and constitutional reform, fraud, corruption, drug trafficking and ethnicity. Paul Berenger accused the incumbent government of abusing the state-owned television station, the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation, to influence voters. He also accused his political opponents of using communalism and of negatively drawing attention to his minority Franco-Mauritian ancestry to swing voters against him.
The Alliance de l'Avenir obtained 49.31% of the total votes and 41 seats whereas the Alliance du Coeur seized 42.36% of votes and 18 seats. The remaining parties and independent candidates obtained 8.14% of the votes. From the 62 seats, only ten women were elected.
After the Alliance de L'Avenir was declared winner of the poll, its leader, Navin Ramgoolam, mentioned that he would govern in the interest of every Mauritian so that no one would be left behind. He added that the priorities of his government were the improvement of road infrastructures, the security of the people, education, health and youth development. Paul Berenger, who conceded defeat after the election, said that members of his party would continue their fight for a better Mauritius. He claimed that this election had not been free and fair, attributing the defeat of his alliance to numerous factors including biased coverage of the election by the state-owned television station, more financial resources by his political opponents, communalism and the electoral system. However, he would be prepared to work with the government for electoral reform, especially because his alliance had obtained only 18 of the 62 seats despite seizing 43% of popular votes.
On May 7, 2010, the Electoral Supervisory Commission made their decision on the non-elected candidates to occupy the 8 additional seats in the National Assembly based on the religious and ethnic declarations of the candidates not elected, a system referred to as the 'Best Loser system'. Exceptionally, instead of 8, only 7 candidates were designated. Per the normal procedure, 4 best loser seats are allotted to candidates not elected but having obtained the highest percentage of votes as a member of a political party. However, they had to be of an appropriate religion or ethnic to maintain a balance in the parliament. 4 other seats are to be allotted so as not to change the result of the election. The Alliance de L'Avenir was allotted 4 additional seats whereas the Alliance du Coeur obtained 2 additional seats. Whereas the Electoral Supervisory Commission had no problem in attributing one seat to one candidate of the Rodrigues People's Organisation, they had difficulty in choosing a candidate for the 8th seat, which normally has to be a Sino-Mauritian of one of the two other successful parties in this election. But given neither the Mauritian Solidarity Front nor the Rodrigues Movement had candidates of this community during this election, no candidate was named for the 8th additional seat.
Observers from the African Union for this election declared that the Best Loser system is problematic for the national unity of the country though it can reinforce social cohesion. They also considered the 2010 Mauritian general elections to have been 'free and transparent'.
Results
References
Elections in Mauritius
Mauritius
General election |
17325904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barren%20Island%20%28Maryland%29 | Barren Island (Maryland) | Barren Island is small, uninhabited landmass in the Chesapeake Bay, just off the coast of Dorchester County, Maryland. It is located at . It is known to be a mute swan nesting ground.
Ecological Restoration
The Friends of Blackwater Refuge worked in conjunction with the National Aquarium in Baltimore on a major marsh restoration project at Barren Island in the Chesapeake Bay. Barren Island is located twelve miles south of the Choptank River and is part of the Chesapeake Marshlands National Wildlife Refuge Complex; the island is adjacent to the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge.
The efforts of this partnership, which includes the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, NOAA, the FWS, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, and Maryland Conservation Corps have resulted in the planting of over 302,000 native marsh grasses with the help of 927 volunteers totaling 7,700 volunteer hours.
Aquarium staff and the Friends of Blackwater Refuge have returned to the site semi-annually to monitor the success of the restoration project. Topographic, vegetative and fish utilization data have been collected. Initial monitoring indicates that the project has been successful as wave energy is being absorbed and sediment is in fact being accreted. A very natural marsh community which includes small invertebrates that live in the sediments, larger invertebrates including crabs and shrimp and fish and birds can be found in the more mature parts of the site that were planted in 2001. The more recently planted areas appear to be progressing well toward a similar community.
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20140719081501/http://www.aqua.org/care/conservation-initiatives/barren-island
Maryland islands of the Chesapeake Bay
Landforms of Dorchester County, Maryland
Uninhabited islands of Maryland |
17325914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esek%20Hopkins%20House | Esek Hopkins House | The Esek Hopkins House is an historic home on 97 Admiral Street (just off Route 146) on the north side of Providence, Rhode Island, United States.
Description
The oldest portion of the house is a 2½-story gable-roof block, three bays wide, with an entry in the rightmost bay. To the right of this section is a 1½-story gambrel-roofed addition, dating to the early 19th century. A single-story gable-roof ell extends from the rear of the main block.
History
Dating to 1754, the house was the home of Esek Hopkins, the first commander-in-chief of the Continental Navy during the American Revolutionary War. After Hopkins died, his daughters inherited the property, and it remained in the family for the next century. Descendant Elizabeth West Gould died in 1907, and the property was donated to the City of Providence in accordance with her wishes in 1908, with the stipulation that it be converted into a museum. Accounts of the time recounted that the property was being restored to its original condition.
The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Over the years, various plans were put forward over the years to convert the house into a museum. They all failed for lack of resources. Most recently, in 2011 the Providence Parks department put forward a plan to convert the house into a part-time museum; this has not yet come to pass.
The building has suffered from inadequate maintenance by the city's parks department, and was placed on the Providence Preservation Society's "Most Endangered Properties" list in 1995, 2011 and again in 2015.
In 2021, the Esek Hopkins house partnered with a local artist collective and a local dance company to serve as an outdoor space for dance performance and classes. In September 2021, the house was the site of an original dance opera titled "The Historical Fantasy of Esek Hopkins." The performance deals with the legacy of Hopkins and slavery and adds fantastical elements.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Providence, Rhode Island
References and external links
"Old Providence: A Collection of Facts and Traditions relating to Various Buildings and Sites of Historic Interest in Providence" (Merchants National Bank of Providence, 1918)
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Houses completed in 1754
Houses in Providence, Rhode Island
1754 establishments in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Providence, Rhode Island |
20464385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob%20Eichholtz | Jacob Eichholtz | Jacob Eichholtz (1776–1842) was an early American painter, known primarily for his portraits in the Romantic Victorian tradition. Born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania in a family of prosperous Pennsylvania Germans, he spent most of his professional life in Philadelphia. A coppersmith by trade, he turned to painting and achieved both recognition and success despite being mainly self-taught as an artist. He is known to have painted over 800 portraits over the course of 35 years. Hundreds of his works are housed in art museums, historical societies, and private collections throughout the United States.
Early life
He was born to Leonard and Catharine Eichholtz, who owned and run the Bull's Head Tavern on East King Street in Lancaster; his father took part in the American Revolutionary War. At age 11, Jacob with his brothers attended the English School at Franklin College in Lancaster where he learned the three Rs — reading, 'riting and 'rithmetic. He also took lessons from a sign painter since his parents noticed his inclination to draw, but eventually he was apprenticed as a coppersmith. After his apprenticeship ended, he started as a tinsmith working with sheet iron. By 1805, Eichholtz opened his own shop in Lancaster where he, "mended sugar boxes, tinned copper kettles, and made coffee pots, wash basins, lanterns, stills, and funnels."
Eichholtz married Catharine Hatz Michael (1770–1817), a young widow with two children; they had four children of their own, Caroline, Catharine Maria, Rubens Mayer, and Margaret Amelia. In 1818, he married Catharine Trissler of Lancaster, and they had nine children, Edward, Anna Maria, Elizabeth Susanna, Benjamin West, Angelica Kauffman, Rebecca, Henry, Robert Lindsay, and Lavallyn Barry.
From tinsmith to painter
From 1808 to 1812, Eichholtz hired several workers to work in the shop, and devoted most of his time to offering his fellow Lancastrians, at first, painted tinware, and then, small profile portraits on wood panels, in order to diversify his business and satisfy his passion for drawing. After developing his abilities as profile painter and gaining enough clients to sustain his family, Eichholtz decided to make painting his main vocation. In 1808, Eichholtz advertised that he "executes Portraits and Profile paintings" in the Lancaster's Intelligencer and Weekly Advertiser. In his own words, "I commenced the coppersmith business on my own account, with pretty good luck; still the more agreeable love of painting continually haunted me."
Two already established painters, James Peale and Thomas Sully, influenced Eichholtz.
In 1808, James Peale visited Lancaster and became acquainted with Eichholtz, who commissioned Peale his portrait. Thomas Sully befriended Eichholtz when he was visiting Lancaster on business and accepted his invitation to work in his painting room. At that time, Sully was not impressed by Eichholtz's attempts in painting calling them hideous; however, he left him his brushes as a gift before leaving Lancaster. Later, Sully wrote that he was surprised and gratified to see how much Eichholtz's painting skills improved, and that, "Eichholtz would have made a first-rate painter had he began early in life with the usual advantages." During the winter of 1811–1812, Eichholtz traveled to Boston where he spent several weeks at the studio of Gilbert Stuart copying his works under Stuart's supervision. Stuart encouraged Eichholtz to continue painting. In 1815, Eichholtz sold his business and turned to painting. In 1820, he visited Baltimore to fulfill portrait commissions; he also worked in Pittsburgh and Delaware.
In 1823, Eichholtz moved to Philadelphia where he, as he later wrote, faced both, "an incessant practice of ten years, and constant employment." He was exhibiting with the Society of Artists at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.
Later life and death
Eichholtz relocated back to Lancaster in 1830 where he died in 1842. He and his family were originally interred at Holy Trinity Lutheran Church on South Duke Street in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In the early 1850s, Holy Trinity Church sought to expand its churchyard, so the church relocated the majority of gravestones and the remains to the new Woodward Hill Cemetery, Lot 33 of Area B, including the remains of Eichholtz and his family. Eichholtz was reburied in the same grave together with both of his wives and their children. By 2014, Eichholtz's gravestone, which was made of marble, had deteriorated due to age and acid rain, rendering the inscription illegible. Local historians have called for the restoration of his headstone, as well as the installation of a brass plaque at the grave site to mark his achievements.
Recognition
For decades the artistic legacy of Jacob Eichholtz was overlooked. As time passed, a reassessment of the significance of his achievements took place and "his portraits of Thaddeus Stevens and James Buchanan are generally accepted as the best that were done of these statesmen."
Gallery
References
Further reading
Hensel, W. U. Jacob Eichholtz, Painter: Some "loose Leaves" from the Ledger of an Early Lancaster Artist. An Address Delivered at the Opening of an Exposition of the Evolution of Portraiture in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, Under the Auspices of the Lancaster County Historical Society and the Iris Club. Lancaster, Pa: Press of the Brecht printing Co, 1912.
Rebecca Beal papers, 1949-1982, Eichholtz's great-granddaughter, The Smithsonian Archives of American Art
Milley, John Calvin. Jacob Eichholtz, 1776–1842, Pennsylvania Portraitist. Master's thesis, University of Delaware, 1960.
External links
Thomas R. Ryan. Jacob Eichholtz (1776-1842), Lancaster County Historical Society
List of Jacob Eichholtz Portrait Subjects
1776 births
1842 deaths
18th-century American painters
American male painters
19th-century American painters
American portrait painters
Artists from Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Artists from Philadelphia
Burials at Woodward Hill Cemetery
19th-century American male artists |
17325919 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Schwed | Mark Schwed | Mark Schwed (September 24, 1955 – January, 31 2008) was an American television critic, journalist and actor. He worked for The Palm Beach Post for 11 years and also as a critic for the Los Angeles Herald Examiner. Associate editor of The Palm Beach Post Jan Tuckwood said Schwed "Had a great instinct for what we call the quick-turn human-interest story".
Schwed died on January 31, 2008 of undisclosed causes. Schwed appeared fine until the beginning of the week when he called in work ill.
References
American television critics
American male journalists
20th-century American journalists
1956 births
2008 deaths |
20464397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Mexican%20legislative%20election | 2009 Mexican legislative election | Legislative elections were held in Mexico on 5 July 2009. Voters elected 500 new deputies (300 by their respective constituencies, 200 by proportional representation) to sit in the Chamber of Deputies for the 61st Congress.
Opinion polls
Opinion polling, by pollster Demotecnia, that was taken less than a month before the election showed the Institutional Revolutionary Party with 36%, the National Action Party with 31%, and the Party of the Democratic Revolution with 16%.
Voto en blanco
A none of the above movement, dubbed "voto en blanco", or "blank vote", had arisen in response to the perceived corruption of the three major parties running in this election. Starting as a small group on blogs and YouTube, the movement had expanded its ranks, with politicians and intellectuals, such as Jose Antonio Crespo, supporting the movement. Pollster Demotecnia showed that 3% of the people would be willing to boycott the elections in response to the "voto en blanco" movement.
Opposition to the movement came from organizations such as the Federal Electoral Institute, a government institute who seeks to expand voter participation, who claimed that the response to an unsatisfactory democracy is not to have fewer people vote but to have more people involved in the electoral process.
Results
References
Mexico
Legislative election
Legislative elections in Mexico
July 2009 events in Mexico |
20464429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Dawson%20%28musician%29 | John Dawson (musician) | John Collins Dawson IV (June 16, 1945 – July 21, 2009), nicknamed "Marmaduke", was an American musician, singer, and songwriter. He was best known as the leader and co-founder of the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. He sang lead vocals on most of the band’s songs.
Musical career
John Dawson was born in Chicago. His family moved to California in 1952. The son of a Los Altos Hills, California filmmaker, he took guitar lessons from a teacher and friend from the Peninsula School in Menlo Park, California. For high school he attended the Millbrook School near Millbrook, New York. While at Millbrook, he took courses in music theory & history and sang in the glee club.
Dawson's musical career began in the mid-1960s folk music scene in the San Francisco Bay Area. There he met fellow guitarist David Nelson, and was part of the rotating lineup of Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions, a jug band that included Jerry Garcia and several other future members of the Grateful Dead. Dawson was also heavily influenced by the Bakersfield sound genre of country music.
After a stint at Occidental College, Dawson remained in the Los Angeles metropolitan area for several years. By 1969, Dawson had returned to Los Altos Hills to attend courses at Foothill College. Along with Nelson, he also contributed to the sessions for Aoxomoxoa, the Grateful Dead's third studio album. He also began to write a number of country rock songs, a development coinciding with Garcia's newfound interest in playing pedal steel guitar. Joined by Nelson, they formed the New Riders of the Purple Sage. The New Riders became the opening act for the Grateful Dead, and their original lineup included three Grateful Dead members — Garcia on pedal steel, Phil Lesh on bass, and Mickey Hart on drums. Within a year, Dave Torbert replaced Lesh and Spencer Dryden replaced Hart in the New Riders lineup, with Garcia continuing to play in both bands. In 1970 and 1971, the New Riders and the Grateful Dead performed many concerts together. In November 1971, Buddy Cage replaced Jerry Garcia as the New Riders' pedal steel player, allowing NRPS to tour independently of the Dead.
During this same period, Dawson continued to appear as a guest musician on Grateful Dead studio albums, including Workingman's Dead (1970) and American Beauty (1970). With Jerry Garcia and Robert Hunter, he co-wrote the song "Friend of the Devil".
In the years that followed, Dawson and Nelson led a gradually evolving lineup of musicians in the New Riders of the Purple Sage, playing their psychedelic influenced brand of country rock and releasing a number of studio and live albums. Songwriting duties were generally divided between Dawson (who grew gradually less prolific before enjoying a resurgence on the band's final studio album) and a succession of three bassists: Torbert, Skip Battin (best known for his work with the Clarence White-era Byrds) and Roger McGuinn Band veteran Stephen A. Love. In 1982, David Nelson and Buddy Cage left the band. John Dawson and the New Riders carried on without them, taking on more of a bluegrass influence with the addition of multi-instrumentalist Rusty Gauthier to the group. NRPS continued to tour intermittently and released the occasional album. Then, in 1997, Dawson retired from the music business, moved to Mexico, and became an English teacher, and the New Riders disbanded.
In 2005, David Nelson and Buddy Cage revived the New Riders of the Purple Sage, without Dawson's participation but with his agreement and moral support. Subsequently Dawson made several guest appearances at New Riders concerts.
Dawson died in Mexico of stomach cancer on July 21, 2009.
Notes
References
1945 births
2009 deaths
American expatriates in Mexico
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
Deaths from cancer in Mexico
Deaths from stomach cancer
20th-century American guitarists
New Riders of the Purple Sage members
20th-century American male musicians
Musicians from Chicago |
17325937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309%20Detroit%20Pistons%20season | 2008–09 Detroit Pistons season | The 2008–09 Detroit Pistons season was the 68th season of the franchise, the 61st in the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the 52nd in the Detroit area. The season was the first under new head coach Michael Curry, who took over for Flip Saunders who was fired at the conclusion of the 2007–08 season.
In the playoffs, the Pistons were swept by the Cleveland Cavaliers in four games in the First Round.
During the season, the Pistons traded Chauncey Billups, Antonio McDyess, and Cheikh Samb to the Denver Nuggets in exchange for Allen Iverson. McDyess was waived by the Nuggets and was re-signed by the Pistons. It was their first losing season since the 2000–01 NBA season, and the first time they didn't reach the Eastern Conference Finals since the 2001-02 NBA season. The 2008–09 season was also the last time the Pistons qualified for the playoffs, until the 2015–16 season where they were also swept by the Cavaliers and again in the first round. Following the season, Rasheed Wallace signed as a free agent with the Boston Celtics, and Iverson left to sign with the Memphis Grizzlies and Curry was fired.
Draft picks
On the day of the draft, the Pistons traded D. J. White to the Seattle SuperSonics in exchange for the rights to Seattle's number 32 and number 46 picks. The picks were used to select Walter Sharpe from Alabama–Birmingham and Trent Plaisted from Brigham Young, respectively.
Roster
Regular season
Standings
Game log
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 1
| October 29
| Indiana
|
| Tayshaun Prince (19)
| Rasheed Wallace (7)
| Chauncey Billups (7)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 1–0
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 2
| November 1
| Washington
|
| Richard Hamilton (24)
| Rasheed Wallace (12)
| Chauncey Billups (8)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 2–0
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 3
| November 3
| @ Charlotte
|
| Richard Hamilton (19)
| Kwame Brown (9)
| Richard Hamilton (5)
| Time Warner Cable Arena11,023
| 3–0
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 4
| November 5
| @ Toronto
|
| Tayshaun Prince (27)
| Rasheed Wallace (12)
| Richard Hamilton, Rodney Stuckey (5)
| Air Canada Centre18,602
| 4–0
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 5
| November 7
| @ New Jersey
|
| Allen Iverson (24)
| Tayshaun Prince (11)
| Allen Iverson, Rodney Stuckey (6)
| Izod Center17,767
| 4–1
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 6
| November 9
| Boston
|
| Tayshaun Prince (23)
| Rasheed Wallace (11)
| Allen Iverson (4)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 4–2
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 7
| November 11
| @ Sacramento
|
| Allen Iverson (30)
| Tayshaun Prince (11)
| Allen Iverson (9)
| ARCO Arena11,423
| 5–2
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 8
| November 13
| @ Golden State
|
| Richard Hamilton (24)
| Tayshaun Prince (16)
| Allen Iverson (9)
| Oracle Arena18,477
| 6–2
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 9
| November 14
| @ L.A. Lakers
|
| Allen Iverson, Rasheed Wallace (25)
| Rasheed Wallace (13)
| Tayshaun Prince (6)
| Staples Center18,997
| 7–2
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 10
| November 16
| @ Phoenix
|
| Richard Hamilton (19)
| Rasheed Wallace (9)
| Allen Iverson (7)
| US Airways Center18,422
| 7–3
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 11
| November 19
| Cleveland
|
| Allen Iverson (23)
| Rasheed Wallace (15)
| Richard Hamilton (5)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 8–3
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 12
| November 20
| @ Boston
|
| Allen Iverson (16)
| Kwame Brown, Tayshaun Prince (7)
| Allen Iverson (4)
| TD Banknorth Garden18,624
| 8–4
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 13
| November 23
| Minnesota
|
| Tayshaun Prince (20)
| Rasheed Wallace (10)
| Will Bynum, Richard Hamilton (6)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 8–5
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 14
| November 26
| New York
|
| Richard Hamilton (17)
| Amir Johnson (13)
| Rodney Stuckey (11)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 9–5
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 15
| November 28
| Milwaukee
|
| Allen Iverson (17)
| Jason Maxiell (8)
| Allen Iverson (7)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 10–5
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 16
| November 30
| Portland
|
| Richard Hamilton (18)
| Amir Johnson (8)
| Rodney Stuckey (5)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 10–6
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 17
| December 2
| @ San Antonio
|
| Allen Iverson, Rasheed Wallace (19)
| Tayshaun Prince (12)
| Rodney Stuckey (7)
| AT&T Center17,582
| 11–6
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 18
| December 5
| Philadelphia
|
| Richard Hamilton (19)
| Rasheed Wallace, Kwame Brown (8)
| Allen Iverson (7)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 11–7
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 19
| December 7
| @ New York
|
| Tayshaun Prince (23)
| Tayshaun Prince (10)
| Allen Iverson (7)
| Madison Square Garden19,763
| 11–8
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 20
| December 9
| @ Washington
|
| Richard Hamilton (29)
| Tayshaun Prince (11)
| Rodney Stuckey (11)
| Verizon Center14,707
| 11–9
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 21
| December 12
| Indiana
|
| Richard Hamilton (28)
| Rasheed Wallace (6)
| Allen Iverson (12)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 12–9
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 22
| December 13
| @ Charlotte
|
| Allen Iverson (20)
| Tayshaun Prince, Antonio McDyess (6)
| Rodney Stuckey (10)
| Time Warner Cable Arena17,373
| 13–9
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 23
| December 17
| Washington
|
| Allen Iverson (28)
| Tayshaun Prince (10)
| Rodney Stuckey (11)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 14–9
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 24
| December 19
| Utah
|
| Allen Iverson (38)
| Rasheed Wallace (8)
| Allen Iverson (7)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 14–10
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 25
| December 21
| @ Atlanta
|
| Rasheed Wallace, Rodney Stuckey (20)
| Rodney Stuckey (9)
| Allen Iverson (6)
| Philips Arena15,233
| 14–11
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 26
| December 23
| Chicago
|
| Rodney Stuckey (40)
| Tayshaun Prince, Antonio McDyess (11)
| Allen Iverson (8)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 15–11
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 27
| December 26
| Oklahoma City
|
| Allen Iverson (22)
| Tayshaun Prince (11)
| Rodney Stuckey, Richard Hamilton (4)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 16–11
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 28
| December 27
| @ Milwaukee
|
| Tayshaun Prince (19)
| Rasheed Wallace (12)
| Rodney Stuckey, Allen Iverson (6)
| Bradley Center17,086
| 17–11
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 29
| December 29
| Orlando
|
| Rodney Stuckey (19)
| Antonio McDyess (8)
| Antonio McDyess (5)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 18–11
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 30
| December 31
| New Jersey
|
| Allen Iverson (19)
| Jason Maxiell (9)
| Tayshaun Prince (5)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 19–11
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 31
| January 2
| Sacramento
|
| Rodney Stuckey (38)
| Amir Johnson (14)
| Rodney Stuckey (7)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 20–11
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 32
| January 4
| @ L.A. Clippers
|
| Rodney Stuckey (24)
| Antonio McDyess (15)
| Allen Iverson (10)
| Staples Center17,968
| 21–11
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 33
| January 7
| @ Portland
|
| Tayshaun Prince (26)
| Antonio McDyess (13)
| Allen Iverson, Rodney Stuckey (7)
| Rose Garden20,644
| 21–12
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 34
| January 9
| @ Denver
|
| Allen Iverson (23)
| Antonio McDyess (12)
| Tayshaun Prince (4)
| Pepsi Center19,682
| 22–12
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 35
| January 10
| @ Utah
|
| Rodney Stuckey (19)
| Antonio McDyess (9)
| Allen Iverson (5)
| EnergySolutions Arena19,911
| 22–13
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 36
| January 13
| Charlotte
|
| Rodney Stuckey (22)
| Tayshaun Prince, Antonio McDyess (9)
| Rodney Stuckey, Allen Iverson, Tayshaun Prince (5)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 22–14
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 37
| January 14
| @ Indiana
|
| Rodney Stuckey (30)
| Rasheed Wallace (15)
| Allen Iverson (7)
| Conseco Fieldhouse11,964
| 22–15
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 38
| January 16
| @ Oklahoma City
|
| Tayshaun Prince, Richard Hamilton (18)
| Rasheed Wallace (8)
| Richard Hamilton (5)
| Ford Center19,136
| 22–16
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 39
| January 17
| New Orleans
|
| Richard Hamilton (19)
| Antonio McDyess (12)
| Rodney Stuckey (6)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 22–17
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 40
| January 19
| @ Memphis
|
| Allen Iverson (27)
| Antonio McDyess (16)
| Richard Hamilton (6)
| FedExForum17,483
| 23–17
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 41
| January 21
| Toronto
|
| Tayshaun Prince (25)
| Jason Maxiell (11)
| Rodney Stuckey (7)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 24–17
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 42
| January 23
| Dallas
|
| Richard Hamilton (17)
| Rasheed Wallace (9)
| Will Bynum (4)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 24–18
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 43
| January 25
| Houston
|
| Richard Hamilton (27)
| Rasheed Wallace (11)
| Rodney Stuckey, Allen Iverson (8)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 24–19
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 44
| January 28
| @ Minnesota
|
| Rasheed Wallace (25)
| Rasheed Wallace, Antonio McDyess (10)
| Rodney Stuckey (6)
| Target Center14,232
| 25–19
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 45
| January 30
| Boston
|
| Allen Iverson, Rodney Stuckey (19)
| Antonio McDyess (14)
| Richard Hamilton (5)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 25–20
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 46
| February 1
| Cleveland
|
| Allen Iverson (22)
| Amir Johnson (9)
| Rodney Stuckey (8)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 25–21
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 47
| February 4
| Miami
|
| Rasheed Wallace, Rodney Stuckey (18)
| Antonio McDyess (17)
| Richard Hamilton (7)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills21,720
| 26–21
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 48
| February 7
| @ Milwaukee
|
| Richard Hamilton (38)
| Tayshaun Prince (13)
| Allen Iverson, Tayshaun Prince (9)
| Bradley Center17,297
| 27–21
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 49
| February 8
| Phoenix
|
| Richard Hamilton (27)
| Antonio McDyess (13)
| Allen Iverson (7)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 27–22
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 50
| February 10
| @ Chicago
|
| Richard Hamilton (30)
| Rasheed Wallace (10)
| Richard Hamilton (8)
| United Center21,896
| 27–23
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 51
| February 11
| Atlanta
|
| Allen Iverson (28)
| Antonio McDyess (10)
| Tayshaun Prince (8)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills20,124
| 27–24
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 52
| February 17
| Milwaukee
|
| Antonio McDyess (24)
| Antonio McDyess (14)
| Allen Iverson, Tayshaun Prince (8)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills20,217
| 27–25
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 53
| February 19
| San Antonio
|
| Allen Iverson (31)
| Antonio McDyess (13)
| Rodney Stuckey (8)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 27–26
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 54
| February 22
| @ Cleveland
|
| Allen Iverson (14)
| Jason Maxiell (9)
| Richard Hamilton (6)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 27–27
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 55
| February 24
| @ Miami
|
| Allen Iverson (22)
| Tayshaun Prince (9)
| Tayshaun Prince (8)
| American Airlines Arena19,600
| 27–28
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 56
| February 25
| @ New Orleans
|
| Richard Hamilton (24)
| Antonio McDyess, Jason Maxiell (9)
| Richard Hamilton, Will Bynum (6)
| New Orleans Arena17,215
| 27–29
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 57
| February 27
| @ Orlando
|
| Richard Hamilton (31)
| Antonio McDyess (13)
| Richard Hamilton (6)
| Amway Arena17,461
| 28–29
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 58
| March 1
| @ Boston
|
| Richard Hamilton (25)
| Tayshaun Prince (8)
| Richard Hamilton (9)
| TD Banknorth Garden18,624
| 29–29
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 59
| March 3
| Denver
|
| Tayshaun Prince (23)
| Antonio McDyess (12)
| Richard Hamilton (7)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 30–29
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 60
| March 6
| Golden State
|
| Richard Hamilton (22)
| Jason Maxiell (9)
| Rodney Stuckey (8)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 31–29
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 61
| March 7
| @ Atlanta
|
| Richard Hamilton (20)
| Antonio McDyess (12)
| Rodney Stuckey (6)
| Philips Arena19,101
| 31–30
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 62
| March 9
| Orlando
|
| Richard Hamilton (29)
| Antonio McDyess (18)
| Richard Hamilton (14)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills20,039
| 32–30
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 63
| March 11
| New York
|
| Richard Hamilton (27)
| Antonio McDyess (22)
| Rodney Stuckey (8)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills20,135
| 32–31
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 64
| March 13
| @ Toronto
|
| Richard Hamilton (24)
| Antonio McDyess (13)
| Richard Hamilton (16)
| Air Canada Centre19,800
| 33–31
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 65
| March 15
| Memphis
|
| Antonio McDyess (19)
| Kwame Brown (13)
| Richard Hamilton (12)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 33–32
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 66
| March 17
| @ Dallas
|
| Tayshaun Prince (28)
| Antonio McDyess, Jason Maxiell (9)
| Rodney Stuckey (7)
| American Airlines Center20,427
| 33–33
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 67
| March 18
| @ Houston
|
| Arron Afflalo (24)
| Antonio McDyess (20)
| Rodney Stuckey (10)
| Toyota Center18,275
| 33–34
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 68
| March 20
| L.A. Clippers
|
| Antonio McDyess (24)
| Antonio McDyess (17)
| Tayshaun Prince (12)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 34–34
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 69
| March 22
| Miami
|
| Rodney Stuckey (24)
| Antonio McDyess (12)
| Tayshaun Prince (5)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 34–35
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 70
| March 24
| @ Chicago
|
| Will Bynum, Tayshaun Prince (20)
| Kwame Brown (11)
| Will Bynum (9)
| United Center20,502
| 34–36
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 71
| March 26
| L.A. Lakers
|
| Will Bynum (25)
| Antonio McDyess (12)
| Will Bynum (11)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 34–37
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 72
| March 28
| @ Washington
|
| Richard Hamilton (31)
| Antonio McDyess, Kwame Brown (11)
| Rodney Stuckey (6)
| Verizon Center20,173
| 35–37
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 73
| March 29
| Philadelphia
|
| Tayshaun Prince (21)
| Antonio McDyess (6)
| Richard Hamilton (7)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 36–37
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 74
| March 31
| @ Cleveland
|
| Richard Hamilton (13)
| Antonio McDyess (10)
| Will Bynum (3)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 36–38
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 75
| April 1
| @ New Jersey
|
| Richard Hamilton (29)
| Rodney Stuckey, Antonio McDyess (7)
| Rodney Stuckey, Richard Hamilton (6)
| Izod Center15,105
| 36–39
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 76
| April 4
| @ Philadelphia
|
| Rodney Stuckey (23)
| Kwame Brown (7)
| Rodney Stuckey, Richard Hamilton (4)
| Wachovia Center19,832
| 36–40
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 77
| April 5
| Charlotte
|
| Will Bynum (32)
| Antonio McDyess, Kwame Brown (9)
| Will Bynum (7)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 37–40
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 78
| April 8
| @ New York
|
| Richard Hamilton (22)
| Antonio McDyess (16)
| Richard Hamilton, Rodney Stuckey (7)
| Madison Square Garden19,763
| 38–40
|- bgcolor="#bbffbb"
| 79
| April 10
| New Jersey
|
| Will Bynum (20)
| Kwame Brown (7)
| Richard Hamilton (9)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 39–40
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 80
| April 11
| @ Indiana
|
| Richard Hamilton (23)
| Antonio McDyess (15)
| Will Bynum (6)
| Conseco Fieldhouse17,116
| 39–41
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 81
| April 13
| Chicago
|
| Richard Hamilton (25)
| Antonio McDyess (10)
| Rodney Stuckey (9)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 39–42
|-bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 82
| April 15
| @ Miami
|
| Kwame Brown (17)
| Kwame Brown (13)
| Rodney Stuckey (5)
| American Airlines Arena19,600
| 39–43
Playoffs
Game log
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 1
| April 18
| @ Cleveland
|
| Rodney Stuckey (20)
| Brown, Wallace (9)
| Hamilton, Stuckey (4)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 0–1
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 2
| April 21
| @ Cleveland
|
| Richard Hamilton (17)
| Antonio McDyess (11)
| Rodney Stuckey (6)
| Quicken Loans Arena20,562
| 0–2
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 3
| April 24
| Cleveland
|
| Richard Hamilton (15)
| McDyess, Hamilton (8)
| Richard Hamilton (6)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 0–3
|- bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 4
| April 26
| Cleveland
|
| Antonio McDyess (26)
| Antonio McDyess (10)
| Richard Hamilton (7)
| The Palace of Auburn Hills22,076
| 0–4
Trades
Free agents
Additions
Subtractions
References
External links
2008–09 Detroit Pistons telecast schedule
Detroit Pistons seasons
Detroit
2008 in sports in Michigan
2009 in sports in Michigan |
17325947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%20a%20European%20Serbia | For a European Serbia | For a European Serbia () was a big tent and pro-EU electoral alliance, led by Boris Tadić, which participated in the 2008 Serbian parliamentary election. It received 38.42% of the popular vote, translating into 102 seats in the 250-seat Parliament of Serbia.
History
2008 parliamentary election
President of Serbia, Boris Tadić has gathered a large pro-EU coalition for the 2008 parliamentary election, around his centre-left Democratic Party (DS) and centre-right G17 Plus. On the list 166 candidates are from DS, 60 from G17+ and 8 members from each of the following minor parties Social Democratic Party of Serbia (SDPS) and League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina (LSV). 25 seats are guaranteed for G17+, 4 seats and a Ministry in the future government for both SDPS and Serbian Renewal Movement (SPO) and 3 seats for LSV. However, if the alliance wins over 100 seats, their seats will gradually increase. The list's name is For a European Serbia – Boris Tadić and its leader is Dragoljub Mićunović. Boris Tadić claimed victory at the election, despite only gaining a plurality.
The victory was contested by the opposing Tomislav Nikolić, of the far-right Serbian Radical Party (SRS), which received 29.46% of the popular vote. In the election aftermath, ZES alliance formed a big tent coalition government together with the SPS-PUPS-JS electoral alliance and ethnic minority parties (Hungarian Coalition, List for Sandžak) on 7 July 2008, after securing 128 seats in the 250-seat parliament. This coalition government ruled Serbia until the 2012 elections.
2008 presidential election
On 3 February 2008, Boris Tadić won in the second round of the presidential election, for the second time, his opponent Tomislav Nikolić, of the far-right SRS. He held that position until April 5, 2012,
when he resigned, and scheduled new presidential elections, which would coincide with the parliamentary election on 6 May 2012.
Coalition members
Electoral results
Parliamentary election
Presidential election
References
External links
For a European Serbia – Boris Tadić
Defunct political party alliances in Serbia
Pro-European political parties in Serbia |
17325989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Ann%20Shadd%20Cary%20House | Mary Ann Shadd Cary House | The Mary Ann Shadd Cary House is a historic residence located at 1421 W Street, Northwest in Washington, D.C. From 1881 to 1885, it was the home of Mary Ann Shadd Cary (1823–93), a writer and abolitionist who was one of the first African American female journalists in North America, and who became one of the first black female lawyers after the American Civil War. The house was declared a National Historic Landmark on December 8, 1976, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It also is a contributing property to the Greater U Street Historic District.
Description and history
The Mary Ann Shadd Cary House is located on the southern fringe of Washington's Columbia Heights, on the north side of W Street between 14th Street and Florida Avenue. It is one of a series of brick row houses, probably built in the 1860s. It is three stories in height and three bays wide, with a corbelled cornice, and projecting brick hoods around its windows. It was from 1881 to 1885 the home of Mary Ann Shadd Cary.
Mary Ann Shadd was born a free black in the slave state of Delaware, and was educated in Pennsylvania. Her father was active in anti-slavery circles, sheltering fugitive slaves in the family home. At first a school teacher for African American children, she and other family members left for Canada following passage of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850. Settling in Ontario, she began publishing works to inform American blacks about conditions in Canada, so that they could judge whether migration there was in their interests. This effort resulted in the founding of the Provincial Freeman, the first newspaper published by a black woman in North America, and the first by a woman in what is now Canada. After the American Civil War, she returned to the United States, where she returned to teaching and continued to be active in civil rights. She acquired a law degree in 1883.
See also
African American history
List of National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C.
References
African-American historic places
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.
Italianate architecture in Washington, D.C.
National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C.
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Washington, D.C.
Houses completed in 1881
African-American Roman Catholicism
Women in Washington, D.C. |
17326006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Genese | Frank Genese | Frank Genese is a Long Island-based American architect and politician. He is a principal of N2 Design+Architecture, PC located in Port Washington, New York.
Life and career
Prior to joining N2, Genese has had a successful career in the New York design and construction industry. He was a Vice President at D&B Engineers & Architects, PC; Vice President for Capital & Facilities Management at the Queens Library; Vice President and Architect of the Garden at The New York Botanical Garden; served as head of facilities and operations at the New York Institute of Technology (NYIT), the City University of New York, and has held various positions with the government of New York City, including the Office of the Mayor, New York City Department of Design and Construction and the New York City Department of General Services.
Genese is a Commissioner on the Town of North Hempstead Historic Landmarks Preservation Commission, member of the Port Washington Fire Department LOSAP Board, executive member of the Science Museum of Long Island Board of Trustees and a member of the Hempstead Harbor Protection Committee.
He has served for 25 years on various boards of disabled organizations, including the Eastern Paralyzed Veterans Association/United Spinal Association and the North American Wheelchair Athletic Association.
Genese is licensed to practice architecture in New York, Connecticut and Florida.
Genese serves as a Trustee of the Village of Flower Hill, Long Island, New York. Genese, who had previously served on Flower Hill's Planning Board and Architectural Review Committee, was originally appointed as a Village Trustee following Trustee Robert McNamara's appointment as Mayor when former Mayor Elaine Phillips was elected into the New York State Senate in 2016. He was ultimately re-elected as Trustee by residents.
Genese is an alumnus of the Bronx High School of Science, and attended the State University of New York at Buffalo, where he earned a Bachelor of Professional Studies in Architecture and a Master of Architecture degree.
References
American business executives
Living people
Flower Hill, New York
People from Long Island
Architects from New York (state)
New York Institute of Technology
City University of New York staff
New York Institute of Technology faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
External links
N2 Design+Architecture PC
N2 Project Management
Frank Genese AIA |
17326023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Arctic%20Buoy%20Program | International Arctic Buoy Program | The International Arctic Buoy Program is headquartered at the Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, in Seattle, Washington, United States. The program's objectives include to provide meteorological and oceanographic data in order to support operations and research for UNESCO's World Climate Research Programme and the World Weather Watch Programme of the United Nations' World Meteorological Organization.
IABP participating countries include Canada, China, France, Germany, Japan, Norway, Russia, and the United States. Together, they share the costs of the program.
The IABP has deployed more than 700 buoys since it began operations in 1991, succeeding the Arctic Ocean Buoy Program (operational since 1979-01-19). Commonly, 25 to 40 buoys operate at any given time and provide real-time position, pressure, temperature, and interpolated ice velocity. In support of the International Polar Year, the IABP will deploy over 120 buoys, at over 80 different locations, during the period of April–August 2008.
The organization's annual meeting provides discussion on instrumentation, forecasting, observations, and outlook.
References
External links
Official website
Slilde show, PBS, February 6, 2008
Buoyage
Organizations established in 1991
International environmental organizations
Meteorological research institutes
Hydrology organizations
Arctic research
1991 establishments in the United States
University of Washington organizations |
20464442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Portuguese%20legislative%20election | 2009 Portuguese legislative election | The 2009 Portuguese legislative election was held on 27 September, to renew all 230 members of the Assembly of the Republic. The Socialist Party, led by incumbent Prime Minister José Sócrates, won the largest number of seats, but didn't repeat the overall majority they gained in 2005.
The Socialist Party of Prime Minister José Sócrates came in first despite losing 9% of the vote and 24 seats.
In these elections there were approximately 9.5 million Portuguese at home and abroad called to determine the 230 seats in the Assembleia da República and 18th constitutional government in Portugal after 1976. The Socialists won the election with a clear lead over the conservative Social Democrats, with big gains for the People's Party and for the Left Bloc.
The election took place during the regular end of the previous four-year legislative period. From 2005 to 2009 ruled by the Socialist Party (PS), led by José Sócrates, with an absolute majority. The opinion polls at the beginning of the official election campaign on 12 September 2009, showed a too close to call race between the Socialists and the conservative Social Democrats, but just days before the election the Socialists increased their lead over the Social Democrats. A total of 13 parties and two coalitions competed in this election.
Focus of the campaign was the impact of global economic, the financial crisis and the construction of new infrastructure projects, including the high-speed rail link Lisbon-Madrid and Lisbon-Porto-Vigo, and the new Lisbon airport.
Neither of the two major parties won an absolute majority in the Assembly of the Republic, so, the future prime minister had to form a coalition, or at least rely on other parties to govern. In that case, José Sócrates was in a better position than Manuela Ferreira Leite, since the Portuguese left won by 54.23% of the vote and 128 seats, against 39.54% and 102 deputies to the right.
On 12 October, José Sócrates was invited by President Aníbal Cavaco Silva to form government. The new cabinet was announced on 22 October and sworn in on 26 October.
Voter turnout was one of the lowest in Portuguese election history, as 59.7% of the electorate cast a ballot.
Background
In the February 2005 early elections, the Socialists, under the leadership of José Sócrates, won 45% of the votes and 121 MPs, the 1st time the Socialists won a majority and the 1st time a single party won a majority since Cavaco Silva's PSD victory in 1991. The PSD suffered a heavy defeat, achieving their worst results since 1983, and faced with this failure, the then PSD leader and outgoing Prime Minister, Pedro Santana Lopes, resigned from the leadership and called an election for party chair.
During the first months in his government, Sócrates raised taxes to cut the deficit and initiated a policy of strict budgetary rigor. At the same time, he faced a very harsh summer with Wildfires across the country. That same October, the Socialists suffered a heavy defeat in the 2005 local elections, winning just 108 cities, a drop of 4, against the PSD's 158 mayoral holds. The PS was also unable to retake control of Lisbon and Porto. In January 2006, a new president was elected. Aníbal Cavaco Silva, PM between 1985 and 1995, became the first center-right candidate to win a presidential election, although only just. The PS candidate, former PM and President Mário Soares polled a disappointing third place with just 14% of the votes. In 2007, a referendum for the legalization of abortion was held. After the failure of the 1998 referendum, the Yes side prevailed winning 59% of the votes against the No's 41%, making abortion legal in Portugal.
While the deficit reduction had been successful, and with the economy growing above 2% of GDP, the government faced heavy opposition for its policies, particularly from teachers unions. In March 2008, more than 100,000 teachers protested in Lisbon against Sócrates and his Education minister, Maria de Lurdes Rodrigues.
Entering 2009, Portugal was strongly hit by the effects of the financial crisis that was shaking the global economy, and, therefore, the country entered in a recession. As a result, the government adopted stimulus measures that worsened the public finances and increased the deficit and the debt. In the European elections of June 7, 2009, the PSD stunned pundits by winning a European election for the first time since 1989, with 31.7% of the votes. The Socialists suffered a huge defeat, winning just 26% of the votes, a drop of 18%.
Leadership changes
PSD 2005 leadership election
In the party's congress in April 2005, Luís Marques Mendes became party leader winning 56% of the delegates, against the 44% of his rival, Luís Filipe Menezes. The results were the following:
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%
|-
|bgcolor=orange|
| align=left | Luís Marques Mendes
| align=right | 497
| align=right | 56.6
|-
|bgcolor=orange|
| align=left | Luís Filipe Menezes
| align=right | 381
| align=right | 43.4
|-
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
| align=right | 878
| align=center |
|-
| colspan="4" align=left|Source: Results
|}
CDS–PP 2005 leadership election
CDS–PP leader Paulo Portas, resigned from the leadership following the disappointing result of the party in the 2005 elections saying that "in no civilized country in the world, the difference between Trotskyists and Christian Democrats is one percent", referring to the result of the BE. A snap leadership congress was called to elect a new leader. Two candidates were in the ballot: Telmo Correia, the preferred candidate of Paulo Portas, and José Ribeiro e Castro, more critical of Portas. Ribeiro e Castro was easily elected and the results were the following:
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%
|-
|bgcolor=|
| align=left | José Ribeiro e Castro
| align=right | 492
| align=right | 56.0
|-
|bgcolor=|
| align=left | Telmo Correia
| align=right | 387
| align=right | 44.0
|-
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
| align=right | 879
| align=center |
|-
| colspan="4" align=left|Source: Results
|}
CDS–PP 2007 leadership election
In April 2007, former CDS–PP leader Paulo Portas challenged the then party leader, José Ribeiro e Castro, for the leadership and was elected for his former job by a landslide. The results were the following:
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%
|-
|bgcolor=|
| align=left | Paulo Portas
| align=right | 5,642
| align=right | 74.6
|-
|bgcolor=|
| align=left | José Ribeiro e Castro
| align=right | 1,883
| align=right | 24.9
|-
| colspan=2 align=left | Blank/Invalid ballots
| align=right | 38
| align=right | 0.5
|-
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
| align=right | 7,563
| align=center |
|-
| colspan="4" align=left|Source: Results
|}
PSD 2007 leadership election
In the Social Democratic Party, incumbent leader Luís Marques Mendes was being very criticized for his opposition strategy and was left weakened after the PSD disappointing result in the 2007 Lisbon mayoral by-election, where the PSD polled 3rd with less than 16% of the votes. Marques Mendes called a snap leadership election and was challenged by his rival in the 2005 PSD congress, Luís Filipe Menezes. Menezes easily defeated Marques Mendes. The results were the following:
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%
|-
|bgcolor=orange|
| align=left | Luís Filipe Menezes
| align=right | 21,101
| align=right | 53.6
|-
|bgcolor=orange|
| align=left | Luís Marques Mendes
| align=right | 16,973
| align=right | 43.1
|-
| colspan=2 align=left | Blank/Invalid ballots
| align=right | 1,279
| align=right | 3.3
|-
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
| align=right | 39,353
| align=right | 62.42
|-
| colspan="4" align=left|Source: Official Results
|}
PSD 2008 leadership election
The then PSD leader, Luís Filipe Menezes, elected in September 2007, resigned after just 6 months in the job. In the following leadership elections, held in May 2008, Manuela Ferreira Leite became the first woman to lead a major party in Portugal, winning 38% of the votes, against the 31% of Pedro Passos Coelho and the 30% of Pedro Santana Lopes. The results were the following:
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes
! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%
|-
|bgcolor=orange|
| align=left | Manuela Ferreira Leite
| align=right | 17,278
| align=right | 37.9
|-
|bgcolor=orange|
| align=left | Pedro Passos Coelho
| align=right | 14,160
| align=right | 31.1
|-
|bgcolor=orange|
| align=left | Pedro Santana Lopes
| align=right | 13,495
| align=right | 29.6
|-
|bgcolor=orange|
| align=left | Patinha Antão
| align=right | 308
| align=right | 0.7
|-
| colspan=2 align=left | Blank/Invalid ballots
| align=right | 351
| align=right | 0.8
|-
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
| align=right| 45,592
| align=right | 59.13
|-
| colspan="4" align=left|Source: Official Results
|}
Electoral system
The Assembly of the Republic has 230 members elected to four-year terms. Governments do not require absolute majority support of the Assembly to hold office, as even if the number of opposers of government is larger than that of the supporters, the number of opposers still needs to be equal or greater than 116 (absolute majority) for both the Government's Programme to be rejected or for a motion of no confidence to be approved.
The number of seats assigned to each district depends on the district magnitude. The use of the d'Hondt method makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as the Hare quota or Sainte-Laguë method, which are more generous to small parties.
For these elections, and compared with the 2005 elections, the MPs distributed by districts were the following:
Parties
The table below lists the parties represented in the Assembly of the Republic during the 10th legislature (2005-2009) and that also partook in the election:
Campaign period
Party slogans
Candidates' debates
Opinion polling
Results
National summary
|-
| colspan=11|
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;" alignleft|Parties
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Votes
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |%
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |±pp swing
! colspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" |MPs
! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |MPs %/votes %
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" |2005
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" |2009
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |±
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |%
! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |±
|-
|
|2,077,238||36.56||8.4||121||97||24||42.17||10.4||1.15
|-
|
|1,653,665||29.11||0.3||71||81||10||35.22||4.3||1.21
|-
|
|592,778||10.43||3.1||12||21||9||9.13||3.9||0.88
|-
|
|557,306||9.81||3.4||8||16||8||6.96||3.5||0.71
|-
|
|446,279||7.86||0.3||14||15||1||6.52||0.4||0.83
|-
|
|52,761||0.93||0.1||0||0||0||0.00||0.0||0.0
|-
|
|25,949||0.46||||||0||||0.00||||0.0
|-
|
|21,876||0.38||0.3||0||0||0||0.00||0.0||0.0
|-
|
|16,924||0.30||||||0||||0.00||||0.0
|-
|
|15,262||0.27||||2||0||2||0.00||0.9||0.0
|-
| style="width:10px;background-color:#013220;text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:left;" |Ecology and Humanism Front
|12,405||0.22||||||0||||0.00||||0.0
|-
|
|11,503||0.20||0.0||0||0||0||0.00||0.0||0.0
|-
| style="width:10px;background-color:#000080;text-align:center;" |
| style="text-align:left;" |Portugal Pro-Life
|8,461||0.15||||||0||||0.00||||0.0
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor=#CC0033 align="center" |
|align=left|Labour
|4,974||0.09||||||0||||0.00||||0.0
|-
|
|4,632||0.08||0.0||0||0||0||0.00||0.0||0.0
|-
|
|3,265||0.06||||2||0||2||0.00||0.9||0.0
|-
|colspan=2 style="text-align:left;background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|5,505,278
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|96.91
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|0.2
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|230
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|230
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|0
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|0.0
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|99,086||1.74||0.1||colspan=6 rowspan=4|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|76,894||1.35||0.2
|-
|colspan=2 style="text-align:left;background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total
|width="65" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|5,681,258
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
|colspan=2|Registered voters/turnout
||9,519,921||59.68||4.6
|-
| colspan=11 style="text-align:left;" | Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
Distribution by constituency
|- class="unsortable"
!rowspan=2|Constituency!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S
!rowspan=2|TotalS
|- class="unsortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan=2 | PS
!colspan=2 | PSD
!colspan=2 | CDS–PP
!colspan=2 | BE
!colspan=2 | CDU
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Azores
| style="background:; color:white;"|39.7
| 3
| 35.7
| 2
| 10.3
| -
| 7.3
| -
| 2.2
| -
| 5
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Aveiro
| 33.8
| 6
| style="background:; color:white;"|34.6
| 7
| 13.0
| 2
| 9.0
| 1
| 3.8
| -
| 16
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Beja
| style="background:; color:white;"|34.9
| 2
| 14.6
| -
| 5.7
| -
| 10.0
| -
| 29.1
| 1
| 3
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Braga
| style="background:; color:white;"|41.7
| 9
| 30.8
| 6
| 9.7
| 2
| 7.8
| 1
| 4.6
| 1
| 19
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Bragança
| 33.0
| 1
| style="background:; color:white;"|40.6
| 2
| 12.6
| -
| 6.2
| -
| 2.4
| -
| 3
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Castelo Branco
| style="background:; color:white;"|41.0
| 2
| 29.8
| 2
| 8.4
| -
| 9.1
| -
| 5.1
| -
| 4
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Coimbra
| style="background:; color:white;"|38.0
| 4
| 30.6
| 4
| 8.8
| 1
| 10.8
| 1
| 5.7
| -
| 10
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Évora
| style="background:; color:white;"|35.0
| 1
| 19.0
| 1
| 6.4
| -
| 11.1
| -
| 22.3
| 1
| 3
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Faro
| style="background:; color:white;"|31.9
| 3
| 26.2
| 3
| 10.7
| 1
| 15.3
| 1
| 7.8
| -
| 8
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Guarda
| style="background:; color:white;"|36.0
| 2
| 35.6
| 2
| 11.2
| -
| 7.6
| -
| 3.3
| -
| 4
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Leiria
| 30.1
| 4
| style="background:; color:white;"|34.9
| 4
| 12.6
| 1
| 9.5
| 1
| 5.1
| -
| 10
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Lisbon
| style="background:; color:white;"|36.4
| 19
| 25.1
| 13
| 11.0
| 5
| 10.8
| 5
| 9.9
| 5
| 47
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Madeira
| 19.4
| 1
| style="background:; color:white;"|48.1
| 4
| 11.1
| 1
| 6.2
| -
| 4.2
| -
| 6
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Portalegre
| style="background:; color:white;"|38.3
| 1
| 23.8
| 1
| 8.0
| -
| 10.8
| -
| 12.9
| -
| 2
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Porto
| style="background:; color:white;"|41.8
| 18
| 29.2
| 12
| 9.3
| 4
| 9.2
| 3
| 5.7
| 2
| 39
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Santarém
| style="background:; color:white;"|33.7
| 4
| 27.0
| 3
| 11.2
| 1
| 11.8
| 1
| 9.2
| 1
| 10
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Setúbal
| style="background:; color:white;"|34.0
| 7
| 16.4
| 3
| 9.1
| 1
| 14.0
| 2
| 20.1
| 4
| 17
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Viana do Castelo
| style="background:; color:white;"|36.3
| 3
| 31.3
| 2
| 13.6
| 1
| 8.6
| -
| 4.2
| -
| 6
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Vila Real
| 36.1
| 2
| style="background:; color:white;"|41.1
| 3
| 10.1
| -
| 5.5
| -
| 2.9
| -
| 5
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Viseu
| 34.7
| 4
| style="background:; color:white;"|37.5
| 4
| 13.4
| 1
| 6.5
| -
| 2.9
| -
| 9
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Europe
| style="background:; color:white;"|43.3
| 1
| 23.8
| 1
| 4.7
| -
| 4.7
| -
| 4.4
| -
| 2
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Outside Europe
| 22.0
| -
| style="background:; color:white;"|54.5
| 2
| 3.2
| -
| 2.0
| -
| 1.0
| -
| 2
|-
|- class="unsortable" style="background:#E9E9E9"
| style="text-align:left;" | Total
| style="background:; color:white;"|36.6
| 97
| 29.1
| 81
| 10.4
| 21
| 9.8
| 16
| 7.9
| 15
| 230
|-
| colspan=12 style="text-align:left;" | Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
Maps
Notes
References
External links
Preliminary results of the 2009 election
Portuguese Electoral Commission
See also
Politics of Portugal
List of political parties in Portugal
Elections in Portugal
2009 elections in Portugal
2009 legislative
September 2009 events in Europe |
20464485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Best%20Of%20%28Sash%21%20album%29 | The Best Of (Sash! album) | The Best Of is a greatest hits album by German DJ Sash!. It was released by Hard2Beat on 20 October 2008. It's a double album, including all of Sash!'s celebrated hits (on the first disc) and 12 remixes from four different songs (on the second disc).
Track listing
Disc one
Encore Une Fois (Blunt Radio Edit) featuring Sabine Ohmes from It's My Life – The Album
Ecuador featuring Adrian Rodriguez from It's My Life – The Album
Stay featuring La Trec from It's My Life – The Album
La Primavera featuring Patrizia Salvatore from Life Goes On
Mysterious Times featuring Tina Cousins* from Life Goes On
Move Mania featuring Shannon from Life Goes On
Colour the World featuring Dr. Alban & Inka Auhagen from Life Goes On
Adelante featuring Adrian Rodriguez and Peter Faulhammer from Trilenium
Just Around the Hill (Dance Radio Edit) featuring Tina Cousins* from Trilenium
With My Own Eyes featuring Inka Auhagen from Trilenium
Ganbareh featuring Mikio from S4!Sash!
Run featuring Boy George from S4!Sash!
I Believe featuring TJ Davis from S4!Sash!
It's My Life (The Very First Single) from It's My Life – The Album
Raindrops (Encore Une Fois) (Kindervater Edit) featuring Stunt
Raindrops (Encore Une Fois) (Fonzerelli Re-Work) featuring Stunt
Just Around the Hill featuring Tina Cousins from Trilenium
Disc two
Ecuador (Javi Mula & Joan Reyes Remix)
Ecuador (Will Bailey & Calvertron Remix)
Ecuador (Bad Behaviour Remix)
Stay (Cedric Gervais Vocal Remix)
Stay (Fonzerelli Re-Work)
Stay (Bass Slammers Remix)
La Primavera (Static Shokx Remix)
La Primavera (Twocker's Popcorn Remix)
La Primavera (3Style Remix)
Mysterious Times (7th Heaven Remix)
Mysterious Times (Spencer & Hill Remix)
Mysterious Times (Sound Selektaz Club Mix)
This is a slightly different edit of the song.
Personnel
SASH! – producer
Tokapi – producer
Written by: Ralf Kappmeier, Thomas Alisson, Sascha Lappessen
Features/Vocals by: Sabine Ohmes, Rodriguez, La Trec, Patrizia, Tina Cousins, Shannon, Dr. Alban, Inka, Peter Faulhammer, Boy George, T.J. Davis, Sarah Brightman, Stunt
Remixes by: Kindevater, Fonzerelli, Javi Mula, Joan Reyes, Will Bailey, Calvertron, Bad Behaviour, Cedric Gervais, Bass Clammers, Static Shokx, Twocker, 3 Style, 7th Heaven, Spencer & Hill, Sound Selekataz
Chart performance
The album reached No. 39 in the top 40 of the UK Albums chart in 2008.
300,000 copies sold in less than three months in the UK and achieved platinum status.
Notes
There is also an Extended Edition of the album, containing extended versions of the first 13 tracks of the first disc. This edition was only available from the iTunes Store.
References
Sash! compilation albums
2008 greatest hits albums
Dance Nation (record label) compilation albums |
20464491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920%20Horncastle%20by-election | 1920 Horncastle by-election | The 1920 Horncastle by-election was a parliamentary by-election held for the British House of Commons constituency of Horncastle in Lincolnshire on 25 February 1920. The seat had become vacant when the sitting Coalition Unionist Member of Parliament, William Weigall, who had held the seat since 1911, resigned upon being appointed Governor of South Australia.
Candidates
The Unionists, as representatives of the Liberal-Conservative Coalition government of David Lloyd George had as their candidate, Stafford Hotchkin (1876-1953), a farmer, former soldier, Sheriff of Rutland and a local Justice of the Peace. The Liberals were represented by Samuel Pattinson (1870-1942), a local businessman and sometime Alderman of Lincolnshire County Council. William Holmes stood for the Labour Party.
The "Coupon" revisited
Hotchkin quickly received the endorsement of both the prime minister and the leader of the Conservative Party, Bonar Law. In his letter to Hotchkin, Lloyd George emphasised the need to resuscitate and develop British agriculture in which task he said Hotchkin as a ‘practical farmer’ would be able to help the government. Bonar-Law stressed the continuing need for parties to work together in the national interest in difficult times. In effect Hotchkin was receiving the equivalent of the government ‘coupon’ which had been issued at the 1918 general election.
Issues
Agriculture
Agriculture dominated the election in this rural constituency. Labour had hopes of picking up the votes of the agricultural workers who were members of the National Union of Agricultural Workers, but William Holmes was reported as alienating potential supporters by making speeches about revolution and bloodshed. It was expected that the Liberals would gain land workers’ votes put off by the apparent extremism of Holmes’ electioneering. While the Coalition government was losing popularity across the country, it was reported that Hotchkin was a strong local candidate who knew about farming from a practical point of view. In the post-war environment, the availability and price of food and of animal feed were also issues. All the candidates strongly supported the encouragement and development of small holdings. Hotchkin was a sometime Chairman of the Lindsey Small Holdings Committee
Government influence
A related concern was government influence over private life and business, through over-regulation and bureaucracy, as well as examples of waste and extravagance from an administration in far away London. This theme was taken up by the Liberal, who also attacked Labour for their plans for nationalisation.
Result
The declaration of the poll did not take place until 9 March 1920 because of the government’s continuing to keep in force a wartime regulation delaying the announcement of election results. By this time news of H H Asquith's by-election win in Paisley had become known and this encouraged the Liberals to hope for a good result at Horncastle. In the event, however, the seat was held for the Coalition by Hotchkin with a majority of 1,413 over Pattinson, with Labour in third place. Turnout was 77.1% as opposed to 68.2% at the previous general election, which had been a straight fight between Unionist Coalitionist and Liberal candidates.
Candidates’ reaction
All three candidates were able to draw a positive conclusion from the result. Hotchkin was clearly gratified to have won and credited his success to a combination of popular satisfaction with the Coalition government and his status as a local man. Pattinson blamed his lack of success on the intervention of a Labour candidate, splitting the anti-coalition vote and presumably hoping Labour’s third place would discourage them from standing a candidate at future elections. Holmes said he had done well, coming late into the contest a perfect stranger to the constituency and was pleased to have established a solid Labour movement there.
Hotchkin took his seat in the House of Commons on Friday 12 March 1920. He served as MP for Horncastle until 1922 when Pattison won the seat at that year’s general election.
Aftermath
The intervention of the Labour party was not viewed as a success as they chose not to contest the seat at the 1922 general election. At this election, the new Unionist MP retired and Pattinson gained the seat for the Liberals. Labour avoided running a candidate again until 1929 when their candidate took enough votes off the Liberals to allow the Unionists to win again.
References
1920 elections in the United Kingdom
1920 in England
By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Lincolnshire constituencies |