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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "私のこと大事にしてくれるから優しくしようと引くじゃなくて\n\nうんと話して好きにして欲しい\n\nFor what I understand the character is saying that because the other character\ncares about them, he has drawing back in an attempt to be kind, but the\ncharacter speaking wants him to talk an do what he wants.\n\nMy confusion is about the use of the 優しくしようと引くじゃなくて\n\nWhat exactly is the じゃなくて doing here?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-08T11:09:54.083", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100579", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-13T02:51:23.243", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55492", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "sentence", "negation" ], "title": "じゃなくて + verb: What are their uses?", "view_count": 116 }

[ { "body": "じゃなくて literally means \"It's not [Clause]\" and idiomatically \"instead of\" as\nsundowner commented, because it is followed by an affirmative sentence that\ntells us what this \"it\" is referring to, giving us, \"It's not A, it's B\".\n\n> 優しくしようと引くじゃなくてうんと話して好きにして欲しい \n> It's not your drawing back trying to be kind, I desire your talking a lot\n> and doing what you want -> What I desire is not your drawing back trying to\n> be kind, but your talking a lot and doing what you want.\n\nAnother example (LN title):\n\n> 娘じゃなくて私が好きなの！？ \n> It's not my daughter, you like me!? -> The one you like is not my daughter,\n> but me!?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-08T17:52:12.390", "id": "100583", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-13T02:51:23.243", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-13T02:51:23.243", "last_editor_user_id": "55730", "owner_user_id": "56959", "parent_id": "100579", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I noticed in words like アメリカ and イギリス are written in katakana, _****but why is\n日本 (にほん) in hiragana if Japan is a country too?****_ I noticed katana is also\nused in modern stuff (like smartphone, スマホ). _****Was katana made for new\nwords instead of making a whole new complicated kanji?****_", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-08T11:23:33.053", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100580", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-09T02:15:19.153", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57229", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "katakana", "hiragana" ], "title": "What is the purpose of katakana?", "view_count": 122 }

[ { "body": "There is no such rule that says you must write country names in katakana. The\ncorrect rule is to write **loanwords** in katakana. Read the Usage section in\n[this Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katakana#Usage). Just\nas English writers sometimes use italics to indicate loanwords (e.g., \"\n_wasabi_ \", \" _ad hoc_ \"), Japanese writers have a rule of using katakana for\nwords derived from languages such as English.\n\nスマホ is written in katakana because it's short for スマートフォン, which is a\nloanword. Western country names historically don't have corresponding words in\nJapanese, so katakana is used to represent their sound. On the other hand,\nsome countries that are in the \"kanji culture zone\" are referred to in kanji\nrather than katakana. Excluding Japan (日本) itself, the countries that fall\ninto this category are China (中国), South Korea (韓国), and North Korea (北朝鮮,\nDPRK).\n\nWhen katakana was first created in the 9th century by Buddhist monks, the\npurpose was not to write English, but to efficiently notate the reading of\nsutras that had come from distant Asian countries. Today, we still use\nkatakana primarily for \"sound only notation\".", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-09T02:15:19.153", "id": "100585", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-09T02:15:19.153", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100580", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100582", "answer_count": 1, "body": "In Trails into Reverie, Nadia is an insanely cute girl who talks in a super\nslangy (gyaru-ish?) fashion. She's obviously in love with her big-brother\nfigure Swin (whom she calls \"su-chan\"). Anyways, when she tells Swin she's\ntired and to carry her, Swin doesn't have it and tells her to walk herself. In\nresponse, Nadia drops her shoulders and says \"今日も冷たいすーちゃんでした。まる。\" [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ud3Q8.jpg)\nAnyways, the meaning is pretty obvious, but I'm not sure of the \"maru\" slang\nat the end. I know \"まるで\", but I'm not sure it particularly applies here. Which\nleads me to think it's some sort of slang I'm unaware of? Can anyone provide\nany insight?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-08T14:11:13.810", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100581", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-08T14:31:34.990", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35659", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "words", "slang", "internet-slang" ], "title": "maru = \"for real\" (or something of the sort)?", "view_count": 495 }

[ { "body": "It is a reading of '。', the proper full width period. So it is kind of like\nsaying in English '..., period'. Saying まる just indicates the end of the\nsentence unlike English where 'period' sounds like emphasizing the statement\n(I may be mistaken).\n\nCf.\n\n> [まる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B/#jn-209857)\n>\n> ３ ㋐句点。文の終わりにつける「。」の符号。", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-08T14:31:34.990", "id": "100582", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-08T14:31:34.990", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "100581", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "Normally we say 公園を散歩する because 散歩する is a verb that expresses movement in\nspace, and is thus followed by を, which also expresses movement in space.\n\nBut if the verb is changed into 犬を散歩させる, in this situation, why is で added to\n公園, rather than を? As I often see expressions like: 公園内で犬の散歩をすることは禁止していません.\n\nI think both 犬の散歩をする/犬を散歩させる and 散歩する express movement in space, then why\ndon't we use 公園を in the condition of 犬の散歩をする/犬を散歩させる?\n\nIf it's okay to use 公園を犬の散歩をする/犬を散歩させる,then why do so many people choose to\nsay 公園で? What are the differences between them? I would really appreciate it\nif you could give me a detailed answer of this problem!!!", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-09T07:54:04.867", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100589", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-10T02:32:45.193", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-09T09:37:51.833", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "57237", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "word-choice", "nuances", "particle-で", "particle-を" ], "title": "What's the difference between 公園を散歩する and 公園で犬を散歩させる?", "view_count": 99 }

[ { "body": "As a prerequisite, you need to understand these two points:\n\n * When a causative construction (～させる) is involved, the agent (causee) is marked with either を or に depending on the type of the verb. See [this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33510/5010).\n * Some intransitive motion verbs are tricky and may or may not take を. When the purpose of the action is irrelevant to traveling, で is chosen. For example, プールを泳ぐ is used in the context of competitive swimming where a swimmer travels from one end of the pool to the other, but プールで泳ぐ is used when you are recreationally swimming in the pool. See [this question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/98290/5010). 公園で散歩する is much less common than 公園を散歩する, but it's not necessarily wrong.\n\nWith these in mind, there are three possible causative expressions about 犬の散歩.\n\n 1. 犬 **を** 散歩させる: When the place is completely irrelevant, this is perfectly fine.\n 2. 犬 **に** 公園 **を** 散歩させる: When you add 公園を to the verb, suddenly you must mark 犬 with に instead of を. This is a grammar rule. 犬を公園を散歩させる is grammatically wrong.\n 3. 公園 **で** 犬 **を** 散歩させる: But this is also fine.\n\nThere is a slight difference between sentences 2 and 3. Usually, if you want\nto say \"walk the dog in the park\", Sentence 3 sounds more natural. I guess\nthis is because the act of \"walking the dog\" is for the dog's recreational\npurposes rather than for traveling. Sentence 2 sounds like you are taking the\ndog's collar off and letting it walk in the park at its own will.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-10T02:32:45.193", "id": "100598", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-10T02:32:45.193", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100589", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100591", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I can't figure out if the phrase 議論の余地 is used to convey the meaning of \"there\nis no room for arguing about that\" or what else it conveys. Also, is it weird\nto use it? I couldn't find many resources about it, so I guess it is not used\noften.\n\nThanks", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-09T08:26:39.633", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100590", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-09T09:55:47.597", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-09T08:26:58.110", "last_editor_user_id": "57023", "owner_user_id": "57023", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "phrases" ], "title": "The usage of 議論の余地", "view_count": 52 }

[ { "body": "It is usually said: 議論の余地がある meaning there is room for discussion, ie.\nsomething can be argued or is debatable.\n\n\"There is no room for arguing that\" -> 議論の余地がない\n\nPlenty of examples\n[here](https://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E8%AD%B0%E8%AB%96%E3%81%AE%E4%BD%99%E5%9C%B0%E3%81%8C%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B)\n\nIt is used when it makes sense to use it, maybe in more formalish situations.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-09T09:55:47.597", "id": "100591", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-09T09:55:47.597", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56959", "parent_id": "100590", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100593", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I noticed that in this sentence:\n\n> 主{しゅ}はあなたを選{えら} **び** 、祝福{しゅくふく}した。\n\n選{えら}び (masu stem) and 祝福{しゅくふく}した (noun + suru verb) take the same object. Is\nthere a grammar rule for this? I can't seem to find any on the net. If I take\none object with two verbs, do I have to write them in their masu stem?\n\nCan't I just say:\n\n> 主{しゅ}はあなたを選{えら} **んで** 祝福{しゅくふく}した。", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-09T10:26:39.517", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100592", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-17T12:54:00.807", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-17T12:48:03.040", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "57016", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "renyōkei" ], "title": "Why are both 選び and 祝福した taking the same object even though one is in their masu stem and the other isn't?", "view_count": 212 }

[ { "body": "> 主{しゅ}はあなたを選{えら}んで祝福{しゅくふく}した。\n\nThis is colloquial.\n\n> 主{しゅ}はあなたを選{えら}び、祝福{しゅくふく}した。\n\nThis is literary.\n\n選び is in this form because it precedes another verb/verbal phrase in one\nsentence. It is called 中止法 or 連用中止. See\n[連用中止形](https://www.imabi.net/renyouchuushikei.htm).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-09T11:04:43.633", "id": "100593", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-10T04:04:43.770", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-10T04:04:43.770", "last_editor_user_id": "57182", "owner_user_id": "57182", "parent_id": "100592", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "Just a quick question: If I wanted to say \"For me it’s hard to speak\nJapanese.\" would it be correct to say 私は日本語を話しにくいです。or would that be\nunnatural? And do I have to use を or で after 日本語 (日本語で話しにくいです。)?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-09T14:46:12.513", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100594", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-10T03:00:52.283", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "54725", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "particles" ], "title": "How to say \"For me it’s hard to speak Japanese\"?", "view_count": 108 }

[ { "body": "Aしにくい is used when you basically have the ability to do A but there is an\nobjective problem or obstacle that makes it difficult to do A. You cannot use\nit when something is difficult due to a lack of your ability itself. For\nexample, 踊りにくい can be used when it's hard to dance because the place is too\ncrowded, because the floor is slippery, or because you have a physical\nproblem. But if it's simply because you're a bad dancer, you cannot use it.\nLikewise, 日本語を話しにくい means that you can usually speak Japanese fluently but\nit's temporarily hard to do so, for example, because of a security concern.\n\nIn your case, if you mean \"Speaking Japanese is difficult to me\", the correct\nsentence is:\n\n> (私には)日本語を話すのは難しいです。\n\nAs for 日本語を話す vs 日本語で話す, 日本語を話す is like \"to speak Japanese\" and 日本語で話す is like\n\"to speak/talk **in** Japanese\". If you have some specific topic or sentence\nin mind, 日本語で話す is more natural. See: [Difference between を話す and\nで話す](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24866/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-10T03:00:52.283", "id": "100599", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-10T03:00:52.283", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100594", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100604", "answer_count": 1, "body": "> 今度は何を覚えてきた?\n\nMother said to her daughter that just got back home\n\nI wanna interpret it as \"what did you learn? (and got back here home)?\" but i\ndon't know if that's correct.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-09T14:57:09.393", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100595", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-10T10:28:50.567", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-09T22:51:44.237", "last_editor_user_id": "5229", "owner_user_id": "55784", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "subsidiary-verbs" ], "title": "What does the きた in this sentence mean?", "view_count": 96 }

[ { "body": "You're corret. This -きた (past form of くる) is a [subsidiary\nverb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18952/5010) that indicates the\nlistener \"comes\", or \"brings the result of remembering\". You usually don't\nneed to translate this type of くる into English.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [What does やってくる mean in this sentence?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/95301/5010)\n * [Difference between -ていく and -てくる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/676/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-10T10:09:47.897", "id": "100604", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-10T10:28:50.567", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-10T10:28:50.567", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100595", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "> 俺はゆりこの自慢話をした。彼女がどれほど優しく、どれほど愛らしく、俺を想ってくれたのか。\n>\n> 二人は驚いたり、笑ったりしながら、話を聞いてくれた。\n\nWhat does のか。add to this sentence? He's boosting about his girlfriend to other\npeople. So I don't see why using のか。 at the end?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-09T19:12:03.330", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100596", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-12T01:06:38.790", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-12T01:06:38.790", "last_editor_user_id": "32952", "owner_user_id": "55492", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "particle-の", "questions" ], "title": "The meaning of のか in a sentence that is not a question", "view_count": 88 }

[ { "body": "のか is basically a literary-style question marker. か is a question marker, and\nの is an explanatory-の.\n\n> これは何か？ \n> これは何なのか？\n>\n> What is it?\n\nIn this context, however, this person is not asking a question. So you can\nthink of this sentence as a\n[体言止め](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14524/5010) sentence where an\n[embedded question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13034/5010) is not\nactually embedded but used as a sentence on its own.\n\n> 彼女がどれほど優しく、どれほど愛らしく、俺を想ってくれたのか(について自慢話をした)。\n>\n> (I bragged about) How kindly and how adorably she thought of me.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-10T03:12:00.850", "id": "100600", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-10T07:13:05.790", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-10T07:13:05.790", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100596", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100602", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Why say\n\n> 彼{かれ}らは私{わたし}の勉強{べんきょう}を手{て}伝{つだ}ってくれる\n\ninstead of\n\n> 彼{かれ}らは勉強{べんきょう}を私{わたし}に手{て}伝{つだ}う\n\nto say \"they help me study\"?\n\nWhat does くれる do in the first sentence? Doesn't it mean \"to give\"?\n\nAlso, how do you say \"They even said they would help me study\" in Japanese?", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-10T03:49:25.693", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100601", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-12T15:05:04.903", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-12T15:05:04.903", "last_editor_user_id": "32952", "owner_user_id": "57016", "post_type": "question", "score": -1, "tags": [ "grammar", "particle-って", "particle-さえ" ], "title": "Why say 彼らは私の勉強を手伝ってくれる instead of 彼らは勉強を私に手伝う?", "view_count": 118 }

[ { "body": "> 彼らは{かれらは}勉強を{べんきょうを}私に{わたしに}手伝う{てつだう}。(incorrect)\n\nInstead:\n\n> 彼らは勉強を{o}私に教える{おしえる}。\n\n> 彼らは私に勉強を教える。\n\n> 彼らは私の勉強を手伝う。\n\nBut these often make you sound arrogant because they fail to acknowledge that\nthey are acting for your sake, so instead you say:\n\n> 彼らは私の勉強を手伝ってくれる。 \n> They (are kind enough to) help me study.\n\netc.\n\nAnother example:\n\n> 勉強を手伝ってくれ。 \n> Do me a favor and help me study.\n\nSee [くれる](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%91%89%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-10T05:54:52.940", "id": "100602", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-10T11:29:52.403", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-10T11:29:52.403", "last_editor_user_id": "57182", "owner_user_id": "57182", "parent_id": "100601", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100606", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I recently came across this phrase\n\n> しばらくは呆れていましたが、 **なるほど** 考えてみると\n\nMy questions are:\n\n 1. What is the meaning of this なるほど?\n\n 2. Why なるほど means \"I understand\" when used in isolation?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-10T11:42:24.893", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100605", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-10T16:12:50.243", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-10T16:12:50.243", "last_editor_user_id": "5229", "owner_user_id": "56959", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "grammar", "meaning", "set-phrases" ], "title": "なるほど why it means \"I understand\" and usage as an adverb", "view_count": 276 }

[ { "body": "First, there is なる(動詞連体形)+ほど(副助詞) and なるほど(adverb), each with its own pitch\npattern. The latter probably derives from the former.\n\n> 死にたく{LHHH} なる{HL} ほど{LH} 恥ずかしい{LHHHL}。\n\n> 駅に近くなるほど家賃は高くなる。\n>\n> えきに{HLL} ちかく{LHL} なる{HL} ほど{LH} やちんは{HLLL} たかく{HLL} なる{HL}。\n\n> なるほど確かにそうだ。\n>\n> なるほど{LHHH} たしかに{HLLL} そうだ{HLL}。\n\nなるほど(adverb) was originally synonymous with なるべく and なるたけ (as … as one can).\n([精選版 日本国語大辞典](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%88%90%E7%A8%8B-2068718))\n\nI can only guess how the contemporary senses of なるほど arose, but maybe it first\ngot the transferred sense of `as … as it could be` and used as in なるほど確か or\nなるほど尤も, meaning you are quite right, and なるほど came to mean such even by\nitself.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-10T15:51:18.340", "id": "100606", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-10T15:51:18.340", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57182", "parent_id": "100605", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I know that generally you use the hiragana \"わびさび\", and in the entry for \"侘寂\"\nin the chinese wikipedia \"侘び寂び\" is listed as the original japanese, but I\nstill have my doubts.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-10T17:01:03.227", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100607", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-10T18:41:07.713", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-10T18:41:07.713", "last_editor_user_id": "5229", "owner_user_id": "45590", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "word-choice", "words", "kanji", "word-usage", "okurigana" ], "title": "Which one is correct between 侘び寂び and 侘寂", "view_count": 214 }

[ { "body": "The appropriate spelling is 侘び寂び, even though 侘寂 is also understood by\nJapanese people, according to the discussion provided in [this subreddit\nthread](https://www.reddit.com/r/japanese/comments/il20ls/question_on_using_kanji_or_kana_for_wabisabi/),\n(emphasis mine):\n\n> 訓読み requires okurigana, so a word written only in kanji will be read in 音読み.\n> However, there are some exceptions, including 侘 and 寂 in this case. For 侘\n> and 寂, there is 訓読み that does not require okurigaqna.This means that we can'\n> t decide whether to read 侘 and 寂 with 訓読み or 音読み just by looking at them.\n> So, in order to make the reading of kanji clearer, we often add okurigana,\n> which should be unnecessary, such as び in this case. We've seen 侘び寂び with\n> okurigana, not 侘寂, for a long time, so **we recognize that 侘び寂び is the\n> correct notation**. As for kanji for wabi-sabi, we can say that 侘寂 is\n> essentially the correct way to write it, but for modern people, it's a bit\n> strange.\n\n> In the case of 侘寂, the meaning makes sense because we can easily imagine\n> 侘び寂び, but we've never seen this kind of spelling, so we're uncomfortable\n> with it.\n\nFor what is worth, 侘び寂び also appears as the main spelling for [the\ncorresponding entry](https://jisho.org/search/wabisabi) in Jisho.org.\n\nFinally, please check [Why can some words be written with or without\nokurigana? How do the uses\ndiffer?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6242/why-can-some-words-\nbe-written-with-or-without-okurigana-how-do-the-uses-differ) to learn more\nabout why sometimes an author may choose to change the regular okurigana of a\nword.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-10T18:08:56.820", "id": "100608", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-10T18:15:37.157", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-10T18:15:37.157", "last_editor_user_id": "32952", "owner_user_id": "32952", "parent_id": "100607", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm a Chinese student interested in Japanese language processing. As far as I\nknow, ususally Japanese Kana can be represented in Romaji letters. But I\nwonder how can I convert Kana into IPA phonetics? Is there any mapping?", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-11T06:00:50.837", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100609", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-12T04:38:42.307", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-11T06:34:17.987", "last_editor_user_id": "57227", "owner_user_id": "57227", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "phonetics" ], "title": "How to convert Japanese Kana to IPA phonetics?", "view_count": 87 }

[ { "body": "The IPA notation for each hiragana is [listed on\nWikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana#Table_of_hiragana).\n\nHowever, the table only shows how the character is typically pronounced in\nisolation. As pointed out in the comments section, please be aware that some\ncharacters may be pronounced differently depending on the context. This is\nknown as [**allophones**](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/9333/5010).\nEvery language has allophones, but native speakers are usually unaware of\nthem. Notable examples in Japanese include:\n\n * [[ɴ] vs [m] vs [n] vs [ŋ] for ん](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15589/5010)\n * [[g] vs [ng] for が/ぎ/ぐ/げ/ご](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26227/5010) (bidakuon)\n * [[dz] v [z] for ざ/じ/ず/ぜ/ぞ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18094/5010)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-12T04:38:42.307", "id": "100624", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-12T04:38:42.307", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100609", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100615", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Context:\n\n> 今日は母とお昼ご飯にパスタを食べに行きました。帰りに私だけ駅前のカフェで **下ろしてもらい** 、...\n\nFrom this context, is it possible to tell what kind of transport/vehicle is\nthe author using?\n\nIs the subject of \"下ろしてもらい\" the driver of the vehicle which the speaker took?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-11T09:16:48.883", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100610", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-14T08:51:01.520", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-12T01:08:53.703", "last_editor_user_id": "32952", "owner_user_id": "54510", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "meaning" ], "title": "What exactly does \"下ろしてもらい\" in “帰りに私だけ駅前のカフェで下ろしてもらい...” refer to?", "view_count": 93 }

[ { "body": "Grammatically, the subject is 私. Most probably the vehicle is just a car (not\na matter of language but of common sense).\n\nTe-form +\n[もらう(#7)](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E8%B2%B0%E3%81%86/#je-75733)\nliterally means _to have someone do something (as a favor)_. And\n[おろす(#3)](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/drop/#ej-25901) here is _to\ndrop someone (from a vehicle)_. So おろしてもらう means _to receive the favor of\nbeing dropped off_. (added) So the subject of おろす is (most probably) the mom\nor the driver and that of おろしてもらう is the speaker 私.\n\nThe second sentence is literally _I had mom drop me off at the cafe near the\nstation on the way back_.", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-11T14:55:29.730", "id": "100615", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-14T08:51:01.520", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-14T08:51:01.520", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "100610", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I’m a bit confused with the choice of particle with temporal nouns. For\nexample, which is the difference between the following sentences?\n\n> 夏休旅行したいと思っています。\n\n> 夏休に旅行したいと思っています。\n\n> 夏休は旅行したいと思っています。\n\nAnd another example:\n\n> 午後晴れると言っていました。\n\n> 午後に晴れると言っていました。\n\n> 午後は晴れると言っていました。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-11T10:04:02.267", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100611", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-12T15:08:51.407", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-12T15:08:51.407", "last_editor_user_id": "32952", "owner_user_id": "39148", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar", "particles" ], "title": "How can I determine what particle (∅, に or は) should I use with temporal nouns?", "view_count": 86 }

[ { "body": "I think it may express different emphasis or when the action takes place, for\nexample 明日に食べたい, I want to eat tomorrow vs 明日は食べたい, As for tomorrow, I want to\neat it, which is more so introducing tomorrow as a new topic/in contrast of\nsomething else. Ex: 明日、早く起きますか？ はい、でも、明後日には10時前に起きません。in this case, both に and\nは mean as for on the day after tomorrow, which marks it as both when said\naction occurs and as a new topic.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-11T14:24:52.990", "id": "100614", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-11T15:24:21.267", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-11T15:24:21.267", "last_editor_user_id": "56627", "owner_user_id": "56627", "parent_id": "100611", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 3, "body": "> 新年から運動につきあってもらえるのはありがてぇんだけど\n\nI understand the speaker is grateful because the other character accompanied\nhim from the beginning of the new year to do exercise, but what does もらえる\ncommunicate differently from using もらう here?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-11T12:17:32.403", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100612", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-14T02:59:32.457", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-13T00:16:22.317", "last_editor_user_id": "32952", "owner_user_id": "55492", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "sentence", "giving-and-receiving" ], "title": "What is the difference between もらう and もらえる in this sentence?", "view_count": 117 }

[ { "body": "Not too sure, but could it be that it expresses gratefulness for being able to\ncome instead of direct gratefulness for coming?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-11T13:40:30.887", "id": "100613", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-11T13:40:30.887", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56627", "parent_id": "100612", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "> あなたは私について来てもらいます。これは命令です。\n\nAs the above example shows, VERBてもらう can be used about an event that is\npredetermined, often by you.\n\n> 奴には死んでもらった。\n\nThis means you killed him.\n\n> 新年から運動につきあってもらえるのはありがてぇんだけど\n\n〜てもらえる in this case makes it clear that it is at the discretion of the person\nwho keeps you company (or possibly someone else's), and not at yours, to do\nso.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-12T08:14:31.493", "id": "100626", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-12T10:58:00.840", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-12T10:58:00.840", "last_editor_user_id": "57182", "owner_user_id": "57182", "parent_id": "100612", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "Actually in this context, the dictionary form もらう is nearly unusable. The\nvanilla もらう has a connotation that the said action is granted, or expected. It\nis okay if you use it in the past form, or in front of a third party, but\nsounds as if you are \"forcing\" the hearer when spoken towards themselves.\n\nThus if you want to tell the other you are \"grateful\", not only the fact being\n\"beneficial\" to you, you need to say like you're glad that you _can_ (= be\nlucky to; be accepted to) have them to do something, and that is what the\npotential form does here.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-14T02:59:32.457", "id": "100641", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-14T02:59:32.457", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "100612", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100623", "answer_count": 2, "body": "I am studying a reading book for JLPT3 and I came across a grammar I can't\nseem to find:\n\n> このような都市はコンパクトシティと **言われており** 、お年寄りも気軽にいろいろな場所へ行くことができる。\n\nCan someone explain the use of the verb おる here?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-11T15:20:15.753", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100616", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-12T04:20:42.870", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-11T16:32:30.283", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "57090", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar", "jlpt", "subsidiary-verbs", "renyōkei" ], "title": "Use of ており JLPT N3: 「このような都市はコンパクトシティと言われており、...」", "view_count": 72 }

[ { "body": "Welcome!\n\nThat's one of the multiple \"keigo\" things (i.e. \"being polite, pushing\nyourself down\" hierarchy etc.)\n\nI guess おる is most commonly (just if hypothetically counting) used to start\nemails in \"...いつもお世話になっております\" (instead of just \"お世話になっています\")\n\nA bit like, when ending the mails. よろしくお願いします vs 宜しくお願い致します", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-11T15:37:55.543", "id": "100617", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-11T16:32:56.740", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-11T16:32:56.740", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "34261", "parent_id": "100616", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "This is an irregular [中止法](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/9771/5010)\nusage of いる you have to remember. Although the masu-stem of いる is い, you\ncannot say this:\n\n> ❌ このような都市はコンパクトシティと言われて **い** 、お年寄りも気軽にいろいろな場所へ行くことができる。\n\nInstead, you **must** say this:\n\n> ✅ このような都市はコンパクトシティと言われて **おり** 、お年寄りも気軽にいろいろな場所へ行くことができる。\n\nThis type of ており used in the middle of a sentence has no honorific or humble\nmeaning. For more details, see [my answer\nhere](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/94594/5010).\n\nLonger ichidan verbs (e.g. 老いる) do not have this irregularity, so you can\nsafely say something like \"私は老い、いずれ死ぬだろう\".", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-12T04:20:42.870", "id": "100623", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-12T04:20:42.870", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100616", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "This might seem ridiculous, but I've now encountered \"Your mom has an outie\"\ntwice in anime, and both times, it's been translated as \"son of a bitch.\" I\njust want to know if there's something to this, or if it's one hell of a\ncoincidence @.@.\n\nIn particular, in \"Bokura ga Ita\", the angry FeMC says to the male love\ninterest \"お前の母ちゃんは出べそ\", which is translated as \"Son of a bitch!\" in the\nsubtitles. I thought this was just the translators being overly zealous, but\nthen... [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/aQp9F.jpg)\n\nin Masamune-kun no Revenge, an angry FeMC asks the male love interest to\ntranslate \"お前の母ちゃん出べそ\" into English, and the male love interest literally says\nin engrish \"Son of a bitch\" (i.e. \"サノバビッチ\"). The context for this is FeMC is\nmiffed that male-love-interest-kun could be so smart, so accosts him with a\nseries of questions. [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pZ8OW.jpg)\n\nNote that the Masamune-kun instance is literally firsthand (not just english\ntranslation shenanigans), which leads me to believe there's something to this\n@.@.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-11T20:30:13.280", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100619", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-12T00:27:39.960", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35659", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "word-choice", "expressions", "slang", "spoken-language", "internet-slang" ], "title": "\"Your mom has an outie\" = \"son of a bitch\" in English?", "view_count": 398 }

[ { "body": "From a pragmatic point of view, お前の母ちゃんでべそ is a widely recognized way of\ninsulting but not really used in reality (I don't think I've ever heard it\nused in my childhood). Anyway, the meaning does not really play a role if it\nis ever used. If I can assume English speakers do not REALLY imply the literal\nmeaning of _son of a bitch_ or _motherfxxker_ , お前の母ちゃんでべそ is close (perhaps)\nexcept that English versions are used more often.\n\nEtymologically, お前の母ちゃんでべそ seems even more close to those English versions.\nAccording to [this](https://www.poc39.com/archives/1278),\n\n * Theory 1: でべそ is an euphemism for sexual organ so that the phrase implies the speaker has seen the other's mother naked, implying she is a bitch. This makes the phrase closer to _son of a bitch_.\n\n * Theory 2: でべそ suggests the tie with the mother, implying an incestuous relationship. This make the phrase closer to _motherfxxker_. (see [this](https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/18550958/) also)\n\nI have no idea of the legitimacy of these theories, but they are not commonly\nknown anyway.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-12T00:27:39.960", "id": "100621", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-12T00:27:39.960", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "100619", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I know that the first is using young as an adjective for the word love while\nthe second is referring to love between young people but I wanted to know\nwhich one is correct. Like if an older person saw a young couple acting all\nsweet, they would say something like \"Ah, young love. How nice.\" Which word\nwould be used in that context?\n\nIs there another term that is more common or natural?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-11T21:28:30.277", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100620", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-12T04:05:03.363", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "48706", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "words", "terminology" ], "title": "How would you say \"young love\" in Japanese? Would it be \"若い愛\" or \"青春愛\"?", "view_count": 148 }

[ { "body": "In a context where you want to say \"ah how nice\", people would normally say\nsomething like \"いいね、青春だね\". Literal translation seldom works when it comes to\neveryday idioms like this, so let's just remember this. What 青春 refers to is\nnot limited to love, but we don't say 青春愛.\n\nIf you want a descriptive phrase, it's not 若い愛 but 若者の愛. Love itself cannot be\nyoung or old.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-12T04:05:03.363", "id": "100622", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-12T04:05:03.363", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100620", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I have seen a couple of instances of を being used at the end of sentence. From\nmy limited knowledge, を is supposed to be used to indicate the direct object\nof a verb, but I have seen it following a verb, or just completely at the end\nof a sentence.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-12T06:07:51.583", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100625", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-15T12:46:59.037", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57235", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "particles", "particle-を" ], "title": "What does it mean when the kana を is at the end of the sentence?", "view_count": 80 }

[ { "body": "It's a rhetorical style often used as an exhortative. We also see phrases\nended with particles in other contexts and we can loosely compare it with when\nwe use a prepositional phrase alone in English (although we don't have a\nparticle for marking an object of a verb in English). Sentences such as 未来を！\n夢を！are difficult to translate. They imply action without specifying the action\nor the actor and invite a listener or reader to supply their own.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-15T12:46:59.037", "id": "100659", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-15T12:46:59.037", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "32581", "parent_id": "100625", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "Yes, they are written with the Latin alphabet, but they are used in the\nJapanese language, so I am not sure. I mean, they have entries in Japanese\ndictionaries and a Japanese reading. What are they?\n\nIf they do count as Japanese words, does it mean the Latin alphabet is part of\nthe Japanese language?", "comment_count": 14, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-12T11:12:29.477", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100627", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-13T04:22:28.977", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-12T14:49:25.363", "last_editor_user_id": "32952", "owner_user_id": "57263", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "linguistics" ], "title": "Are words like CD or DNA counted as Japanese?", "view_count": 129 }

[ { "body": "There are well-established initialisms and acronyms of Japanese origin. For\nexample:\n\n * TPO = time, place, occasion\n * NHK = 日本放送協会\n * JR = Japan Railways\n * JIS [ジス] = Japan Industrial Standard\n * JAL [ジャル] = Japan Airlines\n * JK = 女子高生\n * BL = boys love\n\nIf these aren't Japanese, what are they? I guess the Latin alphabets, or more\nprecisely, the 26 modern English alphabets, are already part of the Japanese\nlanguage nowadays.\n\nAs for _CD_ and _DNA_ , they are 外来語 (loanwords) and, as such, are Japanese\nwords, just as _samurai_ , _kanji_ , _manga_ , and _tsunami_ are English\nwords.\n\n* * *\n\nOther terms common in Japan that use alphabets:\n\n * S = 昭和, H = 平成, R = 令和\n * R18 = Restricted 18 (18+ ONLY)\n * X線 = X-ray\n * A級戦犯, B級グルメ\n * W = double\n * O脚, S字カーブ, V字回復, Y字バランス\n * GW = Golden Week\n * 3K = きつい、きたない、危険\n * G = ゴキブリ", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-13T03:00:57.837", "id": "100633", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-13T04:22:28.977", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-13T04:22:28.977", "last_editor_user_id": "57182", "owner_user_id": "57182", "parent_id": "100627", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "As far as I know, there are some unvoiced vowels in Japanese. For example,\nwhen 「す」 is at the end od a sentence, it will sound like [s]. Such process is\nreferred to as 「無声化」. I wonder how to represent these unvoiced vowels in IPA？", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-12T17:50:58.323", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100628", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-12T18:34:14.730", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57227", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "phonetics" ], "title": "How are unvoiced vowels represented in IPA？", "view_count": 65 }

[ { "body": "IPA has the devoicing diacritic ◌̥ (ring below) — you can see this used in the\nnarrow transcriptions on Wiktionary for Japanese words that have devoicing\nsuch as [好き](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A5%BD%E3%81%8D).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-12T18:34:14.730", "id": "100630", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-12T18:34:14.730", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "100628", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100654", "answer_count": 1, "body": "兄貴は夢を叶えたんじゃない\n\nWhich I think it's like \"My brother didn't fulfill his wish\"\n\nWhat difference is from 兄貴は夢を叶えなかった\n\n?\n\nEdit the whole sentence is:\n\nお兄さんは\"夢\"を\"約束\"に変えてくれた. 兄貴は夢を叶えたんじゃない. 約束を守ってくれたんだ!", "comment_count": 9, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-12T18:01:50.387", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100629", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-15T03:22:15.270", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-15T00:35:16.270", "last_editor_user_id": "55492", "owner_user_id": "55492", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "negation" ], "title": "Past verb + んじゃない what is his function?", "view_count": 137 }

[ { "body": "兄貴は夢を叶えたんじゃない (in this context) means _it is not that my brother made the\ndream come true / my brother not only made the dream come true_.\n\n兄貴は夢を叶えなかった means simply _my brother did not make the dream come true_.\n\nThe speaker is saying that the brother made something happen and it wasn't a\ndream but a promise. んじゃない（のではない） negates the clause as whole whereas a simple\nnegation negates the verb (叶える) and means it did not happen.\n\nI think it is similar to English _it's not that A_ and the simple negation of\nA. ( _It's not that he did something wrong_ is not the same as _he did nothing\nwrong_ in a nuanced manner, perhaps depending on contexts.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-15T03:22:15.270", "id": "100654", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-15T03:22:15.270", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "100629", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100636", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I was reading a children's book in Japanese and found this sentence:\n\n> 明日になったら、町へ行って、木の実の干したのと、便せんを交換できないか聞いてみよう。\n\nI understand most of it, except the part that says \" **木の実の干したのと** \". I know\n木の実 are nuts, and 干す apparently means to dry. But the のと confuses me, and also\nthe order (why is it \"木の実の干した\" and not \"干した木の実\"?). I really don't understand\nwhat this means, nor how it's related to the rest of the sentence, since I\nthink the rest would be something like this \"When tomorrow comes, he will go\nto town, ◯◯, and he'll try asking if he could exchange letters.\"", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-12T21:17:56.607", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100631", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-13T06:00:39.663", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-12T21:19:16.543", "last_editor_user_id": "57265", "owner_user_id": "57265", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "particles", "particle-と", "particle-の", "subordinate-clauses" ], "title": "What does のと mean in this context?", "view_count": 126 }

[ { "body": "This の is short for もの (物). 木の実の干したの is the same as 木の実の干したもの, which is the\nsame as 木の実を干したもの. This type of もの (の) is tricky to translate using English\nrelative clauses, but this is a common use case of Japanese relative clauses.\nFor the meaning and examples, see: [What does もの stand for\nhere?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/95568/5010)\n\nThere is little difference between 木の実 **の** 干したもの and 木の実 **を** 干したもの, but\nthe latter is more common.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-13T06:00:39.663", "id": "100636", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-13T06:00:39.663", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100631", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100635", "answer_count": 1, "body": "According to jisho.org it [means](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%89%8B%E8%B6%B3)\n\"hands and feet; limbs​\". But can it mean one limb (an arm or a leg)? I looked\nin Daijisen, and there I see\n[手と足](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%89%8B%E8%B6%B3_\\(%E3%81%A6%E3%81%82%E3%81%97\\)/).\nSo it seems like it's arms _and_ legs, not arms _or_ legs.\n\nThen I looked at jisho.org for \"limb,\" and found there\n[枝](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%9E%9D). Which I looked in Daijisen, and one of\nthe meanings was\n[人間や獣の手足](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E6%9E%9D_%28%E3%81%88%E3%81%A0%29/).\n\nSo which is it? Arms and legs? Or an arm or a leg (possibly in the plural)?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-13T01:04:29.093", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100632", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-13T09:09:57.910", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-13T01:11:36.270", "last_editor_user_id": "18894", "owner_user_id": "18894", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "meaning" ], "title": "Can 手足 mean a limb?", "view_count": 698 }

[ { "body": "Usually, 手足 generically refers to the four limbs, such as in 手足を伸ばす (\"to\nstretch out\"). If you want to say \"a limb\" referring to one specific person,\nyou usually have to say 手か足, not 手足. However, 手足 sometimes means \"arm _or_\nleg\" when many unspecified people are involved. For example, when you say\nsomething like 戦争で多くの人が手足に障害を受けた, this means that many people are impaired in\none or a few of their limbs, not all four.\n\nAt least in modern Japanese, 枝 never refers to limbs. If it's in a dictionary,\nit's an obsolete meaning no one uses anymore. However, in medical, biological\nor legal contexts, we use **肢【し】** (note the left radical, which is\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/44763/5010)). For example, 四肢【しし】\nis a stilted and technical alternative of 手足, and 上肢【じょうし】 is a medical term\nfor \"upper extremities\". In highly medical contexts, 肢 can be used alone to\nrefer to \"(a) limb\", but this should be avoided in ordinary conversation.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-13T05:37:18.473", "id": "100635", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-13T09:09:57.910", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-13T09:09:57.910", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100632", "post_type": "answer", "score": 7 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100649", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I can't figure out if the difference between the two is just a matter of\nformality or if there are cases I would prefer to use one over the other\n**regarding the context or nuance I want to convey**. For example, what is the\ndifference between:\n\n日本語の練習が続かなくなり、だんだん勉強を止めてしまいました\n\nand:\n\n日本語の練習が続かなくなって、だんだん勉強を止めてしまいました\n\nThank you", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-13T18:46:10.503", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100638", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-14T16:35:33.050", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-14T01:17:52.370", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "57023", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar", "word-choice" ], "title": "Is there any other difference between なくなり vs なくなって besides the former being more formal than the latter?", "view_count": 75 }

[ { "body": "In a simple case like this, the only difference is that the masu-stem sounds\nmore formal.\n\nIn a more complex sentences, te-forms and masu-stems can coexist. In such\ncases, I think te-forms tend to be used to describe a sequence of events,\nwhereas masu-stems tend to be used to list things in parallel.\n\nIn this example, both sentences are correct, but Sentence 1 feels more natural\nand sophisticated than Sentence 2:\n\n 1. 佐藤さんは高校を卒業して調理師になり、田中さんは免許を取って教師になりました。\n 2. 佐藤さんは高校を卒業し調理師になって、田中さんは免許を取り教師になりました。\n\n(This may be obvious to you, but note that masu-stem and te-form are basically\ndifferent concepts, and they are usually not interchangeable in most other\ncases. For example, subsidiary verbs only follow a te-form.)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-14T16:35:33.050", "id": "100649", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-14T16:35:33.050", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100638", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "Since きれいそう means \"to look(seem) beautiful/clean\" would it be okay if I used\n\"彼女はきれいそうです\" to say that a girl looks beautiful or should I just say\n\"彼女はきれいです\"?", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-13T22:10:08.987", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100639", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-13T22:10:08.987", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "54725", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "Can I use きれいそう to say that someone looks beautiful?", "view_count": 60 }

[]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "I believe in English you can say \"no\" when something unfortunate is about to\nhappen or has already started — suppose somebody has just bumped into a table\nwith an antique vase and now you see it swaying on the verge of falling to the\nground. Aside from rushing to prop it up, you can call out \"no!\" or \"no, no,\nno!\", and I think it would be a bit different from a dismayed \"no\" said after\nthe fact, for example, as the first sounds to me almost like an effort to\nconvince something or someone (the universe? the falling vase?) to stop the\naccident from happening while there is still a chance to do so. It works\nsimilarly in my native language (my calling out \"no!\" the moment something\nslipped out of my hands, but didn't reach the ground just yet, was actually\nwhat prompted this question).\n\nIn Japanese, however, there isn't really such a versatile \"no\"-word as in\nEnglish that one could assume would work in this situation. The question is,\nthen: how do you express this sentiment in Japanese? What exclamation would be\nused in a similar setting?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-14T08:07:43.833", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100642", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-14T14:46:14.050", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51521", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "words", "expressions" ], "title": "How to express this kind of \"no\"?", "view_count": 1051 }

[ { "body": "In my experience the word **やだ** or more informal versions of いいえ such as\n**いや** are used in response to sudden negative events.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-14T14:27:07.350", "id": "100644", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-14T14:27:07.350", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55564", "parent_id": "100642", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "For something bad but spontaneous, I feel いけない is a better match.\n\nNaturally if there’s a sense of impending danger or of warning others, you may\nalso consider あぶない as an interjection.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-14T14:46:14.050", "id": "100646", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-14T14:46:14.050", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "816", "parent_id": "100642", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100648", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I read that dake is followed by a postive. So \"Sushi dake taberu\" is correct\nwhile \"Sushi dake tabenai\" is wrong. And the first sentence means \"I only eat\nsushi\"\n\nSo why does this anime title have dake followed by a negative?\n\nIt means \"A town where only I live.\"", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-14T09:10:04.390", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100643", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-14T16:25:32.720", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57016", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "particle-だけ" ], "title": "Why is dake followed by a negative verb in \"Boku dake ga inai machi\"", "view_count": 104 }

[ { "body": "しか is indeed a [negative-polarity\nitem](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/16060/5010), but だけ can be used\nwith both positive and negative sentences:\n\n * 彼だけ来ます。 \nOnly he will come.\n\n * 彼だけ来ません。 \nOnly he won't come (but others will come).\n\n * ❌ 彼しか来ます。 (incorrect)\n * 彼しか来ません。 \nNo one but he will come. / (Unfortunately) Only he will come.\n\n彼だけ来ます and 彼しか来ません roughly mean the same thing, but the former sounds neutral\nand matter-of-factly, whereas the latter sounds regrettable.\n\n * 僕だけがいない街 \na town where only I do not exist \n(a normal town but the existence of me has been erased/ignored)\n\n * 僕しかいない街 \na town where no one but me exists \n(I am the only person in the town)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-14T16:20:26.677", "id": "100648", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-14T16:25:32.720", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-14T16:25:32.720", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100643", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100647", "answer_count": 1, "body": "This is from 'Easy Japanese 3' in youtube :\n<https://youtube.com/clip/UgkxQ93BT5GcE9RAKrXDdjdD96-cXgF4h76r>\n\n> もう何も考えられずグーって感じですか\n\nI can't break down near ずグーって. ず means not (attached to kangaerare)? What is\nグーって? Is it a kind of adverb? I understand it's translated 'maybe being made\nto think about nothing, it's all the way like that?'. I couldn't find a word\nfor グーって or グって. I would be happy if someone could explain it to me.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-14T14:38:39.680", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100645", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-14T17:04:50.420", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-14T15:58:46.327", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "57277", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "words" ], "title": "how to understand \"もう何も考られずグーって感じですか\"", "view_count": 64 }

[ { "body": "I initially thought this was an onomatopoeia for sleeping (see\n[グーグー](https://jisho.org/word/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BC)), but\njudging from the broader context (40分くらいぎゅうぎゅう詰め), this was not the case. Here\nI think グー is just a variant of ぎゅうぎゅう or グググ, an onomatopoeia/mimesis of\ncramming or clenching.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-14T16:08:34.730", "id": "100647", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-14T17:04:50.420", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-14T17:04:50.420", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100645", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "For example:\n\n褒めてもらった\n\nI can tell it's probably about getting praised.\n\nHowever\n\n母に車で送ってもらった。\n\nIs \"I had my mom drive me here\":\n\nHow does one get the difference?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-14T21:42:33.097", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100650", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-16T19:28:09.880", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55492", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "て-form", "giving-and-receiving" ], "title": "てもらう: how do know if it's \"I had someone do x for me\" or \"someone did x for me\"", "view_count": 61 }

[ { "body": "I may be wrong about this but I've come to believe that \"I had someone do\nsomething for me\" is a terrible translation, invented by people who don't\nunderstand the nuance of this English sentence; probably to make the subject\nof the verb match correctly.\n\nI think \"I had ...\" in this context is intended to mean \"I received the\nexperience of ...\" which is a valid translation. But my native English brain\ninstantly interprets \"I had ...\" in this context as the result of a\ndemand/request. I don't believe there is any such demand/request nuance in the\nJapanese version.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-16T18:09:41.957", "id": "100677", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-16T18:09:41.957", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "parent_id": "100650", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 }, { "body": "The best thing to do is to analyse the sentence gramatically. This way you can\nknow what is really being said, at least literally. I.e. you add the idiomatic\nmeaning on top.\n\n> 母に車で送ってもらった。\n\n母に: ni particle, with もらう it marks the person you receive from\n\n車で: the \"limits\" of the action occurs within car\n\n送って: many meanings, I will go with \"to take someone somewhere\"\n\nもらった \"receive\" in past tense\n\nThe subject can only be marked by ga. So it's implicit, most likely \"I\". Then:\n\n> (I) received from my mother the action of taking (me) (somewhere)\n\n> 褒めてもらった\n>\n> I received praising", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-16T18:31:22.357", "id": "100678", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-16T19:28:09.880", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-16T19:28:09.880", "last_editor_user_id": "56758", "owner_user_id": "56959", "parent_id": "100650", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "恐怖が屈辱たる世界で\n\nあの家系に恐怖する人のなんと多いことか\n\nMy understand of the sentence is this in word fear is a disgrace and then he\npoints out many people fear that household\n\nHover I don't understand how たる is being used here?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-14T23:52:54.197", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100652", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-14T23:52:54.197", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55492", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "adjectives", "sentence" ], "title": "What is the exact function of たる?", "view_count": 42 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "So I've learned that the de particle is used to indicate the location where an\naction takes place or indicate the means by which something is done.\n\nHowever in \"Kore de ii\" Kore is neither the means nor the location of an\naction. Why is \"Kore de ii\" correct?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-15T05:18:43.360", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100655", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-15T05:18:43.360", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57016", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "particle-で" ], "title": "Why is \"Kore de ii\" correct?", "view_count": 61 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": "100661", "answer_count": 1, "body": "How can we say spontaneously in a natural way in Japanese?\n\nHere the context: My German friend will spontaneously visit Okayama tomorrow.\nBecause of that I want to cancel our running session tomorrow.\n\nI want to express that someone decided something on short notice. It wasn't\npossible to predict it or plan in advance. In English I see this as a soft\nexcuse for the cancelation mentioned in the example sentence. Spontaneously\nfulfills this purpose. Can a Japanese word do it too?\n\nMy (Japanese) language partner recommended the following: 自発的に --> Literally\nmeans spontanous. 彼は自分自身で岡山を訪れることを決めました。--> In the context of the example a\ngood way of saying spontaneous is 自分自身. Can you confirm his recommendation?\n\nThank you in advance for your kind help :)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-15T07:32:11.380", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100656", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-15T14:10:41.967", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55767", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "translation", "context" ], "title": "Spontaneously in Japanese", "view_count": 90 }

[ { "body": "So you would like to (not to explicitly) express that you need to cancel your\nrunning session to meet your friend, but it was your friend's sudden decision\nof his/hers and you had neither any control nor prediction for that.\n\nIf so, 自発的に is not a good choice: 自発的に is said to mean _spontaneously_ , but\nits focus is that the act was not forced and 自発的 doesn't have the meaning of\nimpulsiveness. I'd say voluntarily is closer to 自発的に. 自分自身で is similar in this\nregard, it emphasizes that it was his own decision (but sounds more like, out\nof careful consideration).\n\nQuoting a dictionary (精選版 日本国語大辞典）： 自発的 -- 自分からはたらきかけるさま．物事を自分から進んで行うさま．\n\nMy suggestions:\n\n * 友達が（突然）岡山に来ることになりました．\n\n-ることになった sounds like that it is decided somewhere else and you are only being affected by that.\n\n * 友達が岡山に来ることにしたそうで，， (I was told a friend of mine decided to come to Okayama,,)\n\nis more explicit.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-15T14:10:41.967", "id": "100661", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-15T14:10:41.967", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "4223", "parent_id": "100656", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "When looking on dictionaries E-J for the word \"idiom\" in Japanese, the\nfollowing results appear: 熟語、慣用句、成句、故事成語、ことわざ and 言い習わし.\n\nWhile I think ことわざ is more like a \"proverb\", what about the rest? Which would\nbe the difference between them?\n\nCould you please give me an example or some with each category\n(熟語、慣用句、成句、故事成語、ことわざ and 言い習わし) of idioms?\n\nIn which category would you put things like 朝飯前、二階から目薬, 馬の耳に念仏 or 雲泥の差?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-15T08:17:04.207", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100657", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-16T13:28:57.147", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "47013", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "words", "expressions" ], "title": "Different words for \"idiom\"", "view_count": 78 }

[ { "body": "**熟語** is, in a broader sense, everything that is a compound word, especially\nwhich has opaque (not predictable from each part) meaning among them. However,\nit most often refers to any type of multi-kanji compound, such as: 熟語 (itself\n二字熟語) or 弱肉強食 (四字熟語).\n\n**慣用句** is a set phrase, especially those with opaque meaning, such as: 足を洗う\n(\"wash one's feet\", but figuratively, to retire from bad deeds, where English\nwould use \"wash one's hands\")\n\n**故事成語** is an imported idiom that has reference (故事) to the Chinese classics,\nmost of which are 熟語. For example, 四面楚歌 is from [this story in the\nchronicles](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%9D%A2%E6%A5%9A%E6%AD%8C),\nand 矛盾 from [a passage from Han\nFeizi](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9F%9B%E7%9B%BE).\n\n**ことわざ** is a type of 慣用句 that I think best translated _proverb_ , a\nfigurative expression which usually conveys some folk wisdom. What I typically\nimagine from this word is those which can stand as a full sentence in the\nform. For example, 猿も木から落ちる \"even monkeys fall from trees\" or \"even Homer\nsometimes nods\".\n\n成句 and 言い習わし don't have a good definition in my opinion. 成句 can be a bookish\nalternative for either 熟語, 慣用句, or ことわざ in my definitions, and 言い習わし is a\nverbal noun out of 言い習わす \"say customarily/traditionally\", which means what it\ndoes.\n\nSo, 朝飯前 would fall under 熟語; 二階から目薬 and 馬の耳に念仏 are 慣用句 as well as ことわざ; 雲泥の差\nis both 慣用句 and 故事成語 (and maybe 熟語).", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-16T13:28:57.147", "id": "100674", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-16T13:28:57.147", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "100657", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "What's the difference between sentaku and sentakumono?\n\nCan't I just say \"Ii tenki denaito, sentaku ga kawakimasen\"?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-15T09:28:28.380", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100658", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-15T09:28:28.380", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57016", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "What difference will it make if I just write sentaku in the sentence \"Ii tenki denaito, sentaku mono ga kawakimasen\"?", "view_count": 67 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": "100667", "answer_count": 1, "body": "This may be a little too specific, but am I allowed to omit particles with\nverbs in haiku? Here’s what I wrote for context:\n\n> この世界 \n> から逃げるとき \n> **夢入る**", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-15T12:51:41.187", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100660", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-15T22:51:22.050", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-15T16:35:08.930", "last_editor_user_id": "78", "owner_user_id": "56627", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "Omission of particles in haiku", "view_count": 82 }

[ { "body": "に before verbs such as はいる, 出る and 行く can be omitted in colloquial\nconversation. Also in haiku, it can be omitted, but in this specific case, it\nwould be better use [いる](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%85%A5%E3%82%8B), a\nliterary version of はいる, and say 夢に入る【いる】.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-15T22:51:22.050", "id": "100667", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-15T22:51:22.050", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100660", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100668", "answer_count": 1, "body": "In this video clip:\n<https://youtube.com/clip/Ugkxvmz1x_zYQepLxH7I0uV_CPevy6VgL6ya> , the man\nsays:\n\n> その辺うまくこう利用できるような\n\nI guess こう利用できるような means 'like this, to make it usable'. But what is その辺? Is\nit 'this extent' or 'like that' or 'by that much(devising a method to make the\ntime table not changing in case of snow)'? And what is うまく? I'm sorry I didn't\nreview the Japanese grammar fully yet. I'm re-reading a book I studied during\nmy university years (more than 30 years ago..).\n\nI will be grateful if someone explains them with words break-down and simple\ngrammar usage if they were conjugated. Thank you!", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-15T14:58:42.980", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100662", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-15T23:08:15.683", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-15T22:52:28.727", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "57277", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar", "words" ], "title": "Can't understand 'その辺うまくこう利用できるような", "view_count": 56 }

[ { "body": "* The literal meaning of その辺 is \"around there\", and it can be used also like \"(in) cases like that\", \"(in) such situation\" or \"(regarding) that point\". It's used as both an adverb and a noun. In his interview, その辺 vaguely refers to the mentioned situation/time; he is wondering if he can make use of his time in a train.\n * This こう is working as a filler. It's somewhere between \"well\", \"er\" and \"you know\". See: [What does こう in 何ていうかこう mean](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/57331/5010)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-15T23:03:10.963", "id": "100668", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-15T23:08:15.683", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-15T23:08:15.683", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100662", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100665", "answer_count": 3, "body": "In\n\n> 戦いを **したく** ありません.\n>\n> [He] didn't want to start a war.\n\nis したく the adverbial form of したい? Literally speaking, does this sentence means\nsomething like\n\n> \"wanting to do a war\"-ly doesn't exist.\n\nwhere \"-ly\" is my attempt to adverbialize the phrase \"wanting to do a war\"? :)\nOf course this is a weird way to phrase this in English, but is this\n(grammatically) what's going on in the Japanese sentence?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-15T19:19:15.780", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100663", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-16T00:51:56.060", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-15T20:06:01.570", "last_editor_user_id": "51280", "owner_user_id": "51280", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar", "translation", "adverbs" ], "title": "したく in 「戦いをしたくありません.」", "view_count": 83 }

[ { "body": "I think it is just a more polite/formal way to mean したくない ex:\n勉強したくないの？そうです、勉強したくありません。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-15T19:41:38.613", "id": "100664", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-15T19:41:38.613", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56627", "parent_id": "100663", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "Just as ありません is a polite version of ない, したくありません is a (very) polite version\nof したくない.\n\nEtymologically, many i-adjective conjugations are formed by 〜く + ある, among\nthem the 〜くない in question, but also 〜くあった (contracted to 〜かった), or if a\nparticle needs to be inserted (〜くはある).\n\nThe ない of negative verbs is not a full-fledged i-adjective like the たい-forms\nare, and the inability to replace ない with ありません when dealing with negated\nverbs is one aspect this is reflected in.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-15T19:43:52.627", "id": "100665", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-15T20:55:17.967", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-15T20:55:17.967", "last_editor_user_id": "33212", "owner_user_id": "33212", "parent_id": "100663", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 }, { "body": "> is したく the adverbial form of したい? Literally speaking, does this sentence\n> means something like \"wanting to do a war\"-ly doesn't exist.\n\nYes, we could say it is. Even in the plain form したくない. But I would translate\nit literally as:\n\n> It doesn't exist as wanting to do war\n\nThis way, you highlight the adverb form better compared to the \"ily\" version.\n\nAnother example of this is when you want to say that someone has an additional\nquality.\n\n> 彼女は優しくもある \n> She exists also as being kind. -> She is also kind (meaning she is\n> beautiful, charismatic, popular and additionally kind).\n\nKeep in mind that 彼女も優しい means \"She is also kind\" (meaning some people are\nkind and she is kind too)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-15T19:55:20.247", "id": "100666", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-16T00:51:56.060", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-16T00:51:56.060", "last_editor_user_id": "56959", "owner_user_id": "56959", "parent_id": "100663", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100673", "answer_count": 1, "body": "For example, 食べ過ぎる and 寝過ごす: if I say 食べ過ごす and 寝過ぎる instead, is it the same\nthing?\n\nI already know 寝過ごす is a transitive verb and I think 寝過ぎる is not and I don't\neven know if 食べ過ごす is right. However, they're just examples and I want to know\nwhat to do with the rest of the verbs.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-15T23:18:46.487", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100669", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-16T12:20:48.847", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "41400", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "compound-verbs" ], "title": "In compound verbs, what's the difference between ～過ぎる and ～過ごす?", "view_count": 91 }

[ { "body": "At least as a suffixing verb in the present-day language, ～過ごす no longer has\nany \"over-\" meaning as ～過ぎる does, so the two are totally distinct grammars.\n\n**V 過ごす** only means \"V to miss something\" or \"V to dispense with something\",\nthus:\n\n * 寝過ぎる means you _sleep too much_ (that causes headache, maybe), but;\n * 寝過ごす means you _sleep until it is too late_ , e.g. missed the station or school\n\n* * *\n\n * やり過ぎる means you _overdo_ , but;\n * やり過ごす means you do without dealing with something, that is, _let go (past)_ or _avert_\n\n* * *\n\n * 見過ぎる means you over-look, or _overdo looking/watching_ , but;\n * 見過ごす means you _overlook_ , in the sense failing to notice\n\n* * *\n\nSimilarly, 食べ過ぎる is just \"eating too much\", but I have never heard of 食べ過ごす as\na single verb, except for a collocation of 食べ + 過ごす \"to pass time eating —\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-16T12:20:48.847", "id": "100673", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-16T12:20:48.847", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "100669", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100671", "answer_count": 1, "body": "So yeah why is suru in the te form in this sentence \"Kare wa an'na koto o\nshite ningen to shite shikkakuda\"? I'm thinking it is shite to mean \"doing\"\nbut it isn't followed by iru. Could iru be silent in this case?\n\nJust to clarify I'm not asking about \"to shite\", I mean the other shite.", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-16T04:17:38.977", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100670", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-16T10:09:14.230", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-16T10:09:14.230", "last_editor_user_id": "57016", "owner_user_id": "57016", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "Why is the suru preceding ningen in its te form in the sentence \"Kare wa an'na koto o shite ningen to shite shikkakuda\"?", "view_count": 97 }

[ { "body": "て form without いる means \"and\", it implies that the first part is followed by\nthe second in time and that the first one is the cause of the second one (but\nnot always).\n\n> He doing a thing like that, as a person he is disqualified. -> Because he\n> did a thing like that, he is disqualified as a person\n\nて form is certainly weird. It can have an advervial meaning as in ている but also\nas a noun-frase when when marked by が or as a clause separator like in this\ncase. Regarding the tense some people say that it is derived from the last\nverb, but I think context is more important speacially when the 3 meanings\nkind of get very close to each other.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-16T09:47:00.220", "id": "100671", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-16T09:47:00.220", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56959", "parent_id": "100670", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100675", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Hello I recently read the difference between the kun or on readings and\nunderstood it, now I know in which cases to use one or the other reading, but\nI still have a question. For example: the kanji 日 have 2 on readings - にち and\nじつ(and also two kun reading), then which readings should I use? How do I know\nwhich and when I have to use?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-16T10:13:19.033", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100672", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-16T13:29:22.273", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57291", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "kanji", "readings" ], "title": "kun and on reading", "view_count": 71 }

[ { "body": "You should learn correct reading for each word. In relatively small number of\ncases, multiple readings of given word are possible.\n\nKanji 日 has also reading に often used in 日本 (\"Japan\") and its compounds: 日本語\n(\"Japanese language\"), 日本人 (\"Japanese person\") etc.\n\nAll _on_ readings of kanji 日 come from Middle Chinese *nyit, so /t/ in Early\nMiddle Japanese forms of these readings ( _nit_ , _zit_ ) is regularly\nexpected. _ni_ developed as irregular shortening of _nit_.\n\nMiddle Japanese and Early Modern Japanese is known to have had syllable-final\n/t/ in Sino-Japanese vocabulary, so despite hiragana/katakana spelling of\nthese readings there was no vowel after /t/.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-16T13:29:22.273", "id": "100675", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-16T13:29:22.273", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56758", "parent_id": "100672", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UhY2G.png)\n\nSo the character with blonde hair got asked by a girl in class A to ask the\nguy with black hair about his type.\n\nHowever the guy with black hair says he doesn't have any example to give him\n\n好きになった人がタイプとかそういうイケメン回答しちゃうかあ\n\nMy interpretation of the text is that he suggests to give the girl an \"ikeman\ntype\" of answer such as \"好きになった人がタイプ\" .\n\nHowever, I'm slightly confused on why he used しちゃう.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-16T20:35:19.713", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100679", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-17T09:51:12.440", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-17T09:51:12.440", "last_editor_user_id": "56959", "owner_user_id": "57295", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "て-form", "sentence" ], "title": "What is this use of てしまう in this sentence?", "view_count": 71 }

[ { "body": "> 好きになった人がタイプとかそういうイケメン回答しちゃうかあ\n>\n> I might end up giving an ikemen answer like \"my type is the girl I am in\n> love with\".\n\nしちゃう adds some playfulness and gives the idea of a less deliberate action.\nIt's kind of like teasing someone. It's fairly common in this type of\nsituation (informal, friendly).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-16T21:15:23.040", "id": "100681", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-16T21:15:23.040", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "56959", "parent_id": "100679", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "There are a number of words for holiday, vacation, etc. I'd like to clarify\ntheir various uses:\n\n**祭日** National holiday. There is also **祝日** but I'm under the impression\nfor, say, America's July 4, observed by all 50 American states, 祭日 is\npreferred.\n\nConfusingly, not least for Americans, there are state holidays that are not\nFederal holidays, and a few Federal days that are not celebrated in all\nstates. Would a state holiday be, say, テキサス州の祭日?\n\n**休日** I have the sense that this is a more general term. It could be a\nnational holiday, but not necessarily so. It could be a day you get off\nbecause of your union contract. You could also use use it for, say, this year\nI'm taking my vacation in France.\n\n**休暇** I have the impression that this is often used for specifically taking\ntime off from work for vacationing somewhere or just a rest. But can it also\nbe used for, say, a retiree going to London for a week?\n\n**休み** I have the sense this is the most general term for any kind of rest\nand, of course in お休み for simply saying goodnight.\n\n**バカンス** A trip (perhaps overseas), perhaps with a specific purpose (golf\nvacation, etc.). Are there any other nuances?\n\nAre there any other words that should be included in this list? Also, I've\nfocused on American custom and uses, but of course Japanese traditions may be\nmore pertinent and relevant.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-16T21:02:11.417", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100680", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-17T03:43:12.883", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-16T22:23:35.427", "last_editor_user_id": "78", "owner_user_id": "35304", "post_type": "question", "score": 5, "tags": [ "words", "nuances", "synonyms" ], "title": "Holiday vocabulary", "view_count": 134 }

[ { "body": "Your explanation seems very good overall, but let me point out several things:\n\n * Practically, 祝日 and 祭日 are used interchangeably, but 祝日 is more common and safer. Officially, all Japanese national holidays are referred to as 祝日 now, and [NHK has made it a rule to not use 祭日 at all](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/kotoba/gimon/165.html). As this article says, 祭日 historically referred to holidays associated with _shintō_ rituals, while 祝日 referred to other holidays. Such distinction was waived many years ago, but we still sometimes see 祭日. (The kanji 祭 in this context is closer to rituals rather than festivals or carnivals.)\n\n * 休暇 and バカンス technically refer to the same thing. バカンス is just a loanword version, which sounds cool to some. But since バカンス is often used in advertisements, many people have an image of spending time leisurely at a resort area or a foreign country. バカンス does not have to be tied to some specific recreation or purpose. A retired person doesn't usually use 休暇/バカンス unless they are still busy for some reason after retirement.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-17T03:34:08.897", "id": "100682", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-17T03:43:12.883", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-17T03:43:12.883", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100680", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "I was reviewing some concepts about the use of ということ in relative sentences,\nand there's something I still can't quite understand.\n\nLooking at the sentence:\n\n> パンジーが食べられる花だということは知っている (I know that pansies are edible flowers.)\n\nIs the ということ here necessary? Since the first clause ends in the noun 花,\ndoesn't something like this has similar meaning?\n\n> パンジーが食べられる花は知っている", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-17T06:27:38.687", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100683", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-18T02:23:32.703", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45590", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar", "meaning", "nuances" ], "title": "About omitting ということ in relative sentences", "view_count": 68 }

[ { "body": "> パンジーが食べられる花だということは知っている\n\nThis more literally means: \"I know **the thing that** pansies are flowers whom\n(somebody) can eat.\".\n\nこと (\"the thing\") is direct object of 知っている, and という can be translated as\n\"that\".\n\n> パンジーが食べられる花は知っている\n\nAfter dropping of だということ, 花 becomes direct object of 知っている, so this sentence\ncould mean e.g.:\n\n\"I know flowers whom pansies can eat.\"\n\n\"Pansies know flowers who are eaten.\"\n\n\"Pansies know flowers who can eat.\"", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-17T07:35:43.453", "id": "100685", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-17T07:45:52.560", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-17T07:45:52.560", "last_editor_user_id": "56758", "owner_user_id": "56758", "parent_id": "100683", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "Yes, ということ is necessary. Alternatively, you can use other nominalizing or\nquotative expressions and say パンジーが食べられる花 **なのは** 知っている or パンジーが食べられる花 **だとは**\n知っている, but you definitely need one of these expressions.\n\nWithout ということ, 花は知っている would mean \"I know (at least) the flower\", but this is\nnot what you want to say. What you know is the whole idea described by the\nsentence (\"pansies are edible\"), not just some kind of flower, so you need to\neither use と or nominalize the whole sentence using ということ.\n\nYour suggestion:\n\n> パンジーが食べられる花は知っている\n\nThis is actually an ambiguous sentence that could have several meanings\nincluding \"I know the flower pansies can eat\", \"I know the flower that can eat\npansies\" and \"Pansies know edible flowers\", but all of them are nonsense.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T02:23:32.703", "id": "100695", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-18T02:23:32.703", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100683", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100699", "answer_count": 1, "body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/eEX1d.png)\n\nHi, I would be very happy if someone could help me desipher the calligraphy in\nthis painting. What I've concluded so far: It is a Haiku and 水仙 = Daffodil\n\nMuch appriciated", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-17T06:45:52.690", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100684", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-18T10:58:59.480", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57281", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "calligraphy", "haiku" ], "title": "Help translate handwritten paintings (calligraphy)", "view_count": 64 }

[ { "body": "It is a traditional cursive text that reads:\n\n> 水仙の \n> 處を \n> 得た()り \n> 庭の \n> 隅\n\nIt seems to be meant as [this\nhaiku](http://home.e-catv.ne.jp/miyoshik/siki%20saloon/saloon17.html) by\n[正岡子規](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaoka_Shiki):\n\n> 水仙 **も** 処を得たり庭の隅 \n> A narcissus finally finds its place — a corner of yard\n\nbut I have no idea why there is a particle different.\n\nThe final seals read 慧石 in [seal\nscript](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seal_script), which seems to be the\nwriter's pen name, though I don't know if s/he is somebody famous.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T10:58:59.480", "id": "100699", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-18T10:58:59.480", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "100684", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "The song is 僕は頑張るよっ by 神聖かまってちゃん。\n\nThe lines that I find confusing are \" _あーでもないこーでもない_ 人間はめんどくさい\" and \"\n_パーでもないグーでもない_ 悩んでばかりいます\". Specifically, the first parts of each line.\n\nIn the translations of this song, that I found, different people translate\nthese parts differently. Some translate \"あーでもないこーでもない\" as \" _It’s neither this\nway nor that way_ \". And others translate it as \" _Humans who are neither uh\nnor uh are annoying_ \". In regard to the second line \" _パーでもないグーでもない_ \", I've\nseen people translating it as \" _It’s neither bad, nor good_ \" or just giving\nup and just writing \" _I’m not a par or a goo_ \". I personally think it might\nbe some rock-paper-scissors related analogy, as パー seems to represent paper\nwhile \"グー\" represents \"rock\".\n\n_(Edit: perhaps I should clarify, that the confusing parts are \"パー \", \"グー\",\n\"あー\" and \"こー\")_\n\nI hope someone can explain or suggest what those lines mean and if any of the\ntranslations that I found are correct.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-17T08:03:57.287", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100686", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-17T11:05:30.487", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-17T11:05:30.487", "last_editor_user_id": "57299", "owner_user_id": "57299", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "song-lyrics" ], "title": "Trying to understand strange lyrics in a certain song", "view_count": 70 }

[]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "\"界王神界にまでエネルギーが感じられるほど強大な力を開放し\"\n\nIn this phrase, would it to be correct to say the prepositional phrase \"界王神界に\"\nconnects to the object of the verb \"エネルギー\" or the subject of the verb (there\nisn't really any defined one, I guess \"you\" or something like that suffices).\nIn other words, is it referring to the energy being in the Kaioshinkai, or\nthat \"you\" are in the Kaioshinkai?\n\n<https://www.tsm.toyama.toyama.jp/?tid=103216>\n\n７月の金星は宵の明星として、夕方の西の空に見えます。\n\nFor example, in this sentence with an identical sentence structure, not unlike\nEnglish, the prepositional phrase \"夕方の西の空に\" connects to the object of \"見えます\",\n\"金星\", and refers to Venus being in the western sky, not the subject, who's\nobserving Venus in that location. Is the above phrase a similar case?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-17T08:34:47.630", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100688", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-18T02:43:05.033", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-18T02:30:25.267", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "55531", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar", "translation", "nuances", "particles", "usage" ], "title": "Prepositional phrase with に and verb 感じられる", "view_count": 79 }

[ { "body": "エネルギー is a **noun** meaning \"energy\", not a verb. The next **verb** after\n界王神界に is 感じられる (the passive form of 感じる), which is what it connects to.\n\n * エネルギー \nenergy\n\n * エネルギーが感じられる \nenergy is felt\n\n * 界王神界にまでエネルギーが感じられる \nenergy is felt even in the realm of Supreme Kai\n\n * 界王神界にまでエネルギーが感じられるほど強大な力を開放し \nunleashing an immense power to the point where energy is felt even in the\nrealm of Supreme Kai, ... \nunleashing a power so immense that its energy is felt even in the realm of\nSupreme Kai, ...", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T02:43:05.033", "id": "100696", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-18T02:43:05.033", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100688", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/odWB2.png)\n\n幽霊事件はその特異性上どうしても捜査が後手に回ってしまう\n\nMy understanding of the sentence is that she's saying that due to the 特異性\nnature of the case in the end the investigation falls behind/stalls 後手に回ってしまう.\n\nHowever I'm curios on how 上 by itself is acting here. I would assume it's\neither 上に or 上で, however the particle is entirely omitted so I'm not sure.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-17T09:33:09.287", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100689", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-17T10:39:08.767", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57295", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "particles", "particle-に", "sentence" ], "title": "What does 上 without a particle means?", "view_count": 63 }

[ { "body": "When used as a suffix, it is read 上{じょう} an it turns the preceding word into a\nのadjective or an adverb. Just as Xの上{うえ}で, it means \"in terms of X\"([see this\nfor reference](https://hedgehog-japanese.com/grammar/jlpt-n2/jou/)).\n\nFor example:\n\n> 歴史 History -> 歴史上 \"In terms of history\", i.e. \"Historical, Historic\"\n\n> 形式 Form, format, style -> 形式上 \"In terms of format\", i.e \"Ceremonial\"\n\n> 特異性 singularity, peculiarity -> 特異性 \"In terms of peculiarity\".", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-17T10:39:08.767", "id": "100690", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-17T10:39:08.767", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "32952", "parent_id": "100689", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "「これからもよろしく」\n\n「上等だよ」\n\n重ねられた左手の感触にそわそわ感を滲ませつつも、本日２回目の「上等だよ」をかまされた。\n\nThe character are holding hands (重ねられた左手) and the narrator complains this is\nthe second time he gets 「上等だよ」 today.\n\nそわそわ感を滲ませつつも by itself (leaving つつも aside) it's akin to \"an uneasy feeling is\nmade spread\".\n\nWhat I'm not quite sure is the use of 感触に.\n\nDoes it spread into the 感触に or does it spread because of 感触に?\n\nI understand 感触に can be used for the cause of something for example (for\nexample あまりの寒さに目を覚ました) however I'm not sure if it's the case with 感触 here.\n\nDoes it spread into the touch or does it spread /because/ of the touch?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-17T10:48:28.380", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100691", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-18T01:34:09.600", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57295", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "particle-に", "sentence" ], "title": "The use of 感触+ に in this sentence: Direction or cause?", "view_count": 80 }

[ { "body": "It's \" _because of_ the sensation\". This is に used to [mark the cause of a\npsychological reaction](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/72042/5010). Also\nnote that this 滲む is not \"to spread\" but \"(for an emotion) to show up\":\n\n> ### 滲む\n>\n> ❹内部にあった感情や気持ちが顔などの表面にあらわれる。にじみ出る。「苦悩の色［無念の思い］が顔ににじむ」「文面に愛情がにじんでいる」\n>\n> 出典: 大修館書店 明鏡国語辞典 第三版\n\nSo \"重ねられた左手の感触にそわそわ感を滲ませつつも\" means \"While allowing restlessness to show up (on\nhis face) due to the sensation of the overlapped left hand...\" or \"With a look\nof restlessness on his face due to the feeling of the overlapped left hand,\n...\"", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T01:21:38.063", "id": "100692", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-18T01:34:09.600", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-18T01:34:09.600", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100691", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "Is there a more standard term than \"デザインモックアップ\"?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T01:37:28.340", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100693", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-18T01:44:59.837", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "22269", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "english-to-japanese", "terminology" ], "title": "In UI/UX design, what word in Japanese is used for \"mockup\"?", "view_count": 65 }

[ { "body": "\"Mockup\" in this context is normally translated simply as モックアップ (or モック for\nshort) into Japanese. See [example 1](https://ja.react.dev/learn/thinking-in-\nreact#start-with-the-mockup), [example 2](https://mieru-\nca.com/heatmap/blog/what-is-mockup/). But it's a relatively new word, and\npeople usually described this as (動かない)デザインサンプル, 外見確認用サンプル or something. For\ntangible products, we also say (外見確認用の)試作品. Sometimes\n[ハリボテ](https://jisho.org/word/%E5%BC%B5%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BC%E3%81%A6) is used to\nrefer to a non-working product that looks good, but it's slangy and not very\nrespectful.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T01:44:59.837", "id": "100694", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-18T01:44:59.837", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100693", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": ">\n> 日本語は地方ごとに多様な方言があり、とりわけ琉球諸島で方言差が著しい（「方言」の節参照）。近世中期までは京都方言が中央語の地位にあったが、近世後期には江戸方言が地位を高め、明治以降の現代日本語では東京山の手の中流階級以上の方言（山の手言葉）\n> **を** 基盤に標準語（共通語）が形成された.\n\nI assume 東京山の手の中流階級以上の方言（山の手言葉）を基盤に標準語（共通語）が形成された mean: (the diaclect of\nyamanote above middle class ) is basically founded ...standard language(wide\nused language) is created\n\nWhy does the phrase 東京山の手の中流階級以上の方言（山の手言葉）を基盤に seem lacking the verb and\nsuddenly jump into another phrase, pls enlighten me (is it because of the\nparticle wo?)\n\nAlso,\n\n>\n> 音韻は「子音＋母音」音節を基本とし、母音は5種類しかないなど、分かりやすい構造を持つ一方、直音と拗音の対立、「1音節2モーラ」の存在、無声化母音、語の組み立てに伴って移動する高さアクセントなどの特徴がある（「音韻」の節参照）\n\nwhat does 無声化母音 mean?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T07:14:55.530", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100697", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T10:04:58.850", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-20T10:04:58.850", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "55538", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "particle-を" ], "title": "this sentence seem lacking verb to me?how can i understand it properly pls help me translate it", "view_count": 47 }

[]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I was wondering how to know if I have to use 割 or 分 when I want to say 10%. In\nthis post: ([When is 分 read ぶ instead of\nぶん](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/59049/when-\nis-%E5%88%86-read-%E3%81%B6-instead-of-%E3%81%B6%E3%82%93))\n\nThe guy who answered said that 分 can be used either:\n\n 1. when talking about intrest rate (rarely) or betting average, to mean 1%\n 2. when following 割 to mean 1%. (◯◯パーセント is more common, I guess)\n 3. when it is on it's own to mean 10%\n\nSo, when do I use it on its own, how common is the use of it on it's own?\nThanks.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T11:13:41.660", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100700", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-18T16:08:34.480", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-18T11:17:31.887", "last_editor_user_id": "57308", "owner_user_id": "57308", "post_type": "question", "score": 4, "tags": [ "words" ], "title": "When to use which: 割 vs 分 as 10%", "view_count": 63 }

[ { "body": "Today, only **割** is the really productive word for \"one tenth\". 分 is not the\nfirst choice.\n\nMostly as the linked answer said, 分【ぶ】, in the modern language, is either:\n\n * supplementary unit that follows various main units (including 1% in ～割～分), or\n * fixed term in certain measurements ([see dictionaries](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E5%88%86_%28%E3%81%B6%29/#jn-189420)), or\n * part of set phrases (五分五分, 九分九厘 etc)\n\nIf I have to name a rather productive usage, 分 is sometimes used independently\nto mean 10% in the context of relative length or degree of completion, because\n割 tends to remind people of \"pie chart\" while 分 of \"progress bar\"* (but no\nproblem replacing with 割 either).\n\nAside from that, there is another confusing aspect regarding 分 that it also\nhas a minor sense \"one _n_ -th\" in some technical terms:\n\n * _(typography)_ 二分アキ (1/2 em space), 三分アキ (1/3 em space), 二分[四分]{しぶ}アキ (3/4 em space)...\n * _(music)_ 二分音符 (minim), 四分{しぶ}音符 (crotchet), 十六分音符 (semiquaver)...\n\n* * *\n\n*: This is why I think 五分五分 comes to mean \"fifty-fifty\" and not \"half-and-half\".", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T16:08:34.480", "id": "100706", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-18T16:08:34.480", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "100700", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "So I kept searching on the net about 会える conjugation but nothing comes up. Why\nis its past negative conjugated as なくなった? I heard this on an anime by the way\nand wondered why it wasn't written as 会えなかった?", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T12:06:28.347", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100701", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T09:12:09.690", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-19T03:04:21.727", "last_editor_user_id": "57016", "owner_user_id": "57016", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "conjugations" ], "title": "Why is 会える conjugated as 会えなくなった?", "view_count": 127 }

[ { "body": "会えなくなった -> 会えなく + なった\n\n会えなく is the adverb form of 会えない\n\nなった is なる in past tense\n\n> (It) becomes not being able to meet. -> (We) stop being able to meet", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T17:07:20.663", "id": "100708", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T09:12:09.690", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-20T09:12:09.690", "last_editor_user_id": "56959", "owner_user_id": "56959", "parent_id": "100701", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 }, { "body": "Both 会えなかった and 会えなくなった work as negative conjugation of 会える. Difference\nbetween the two is the moment when the meeting proved not to take place:\n\n会えなかった -> (before, on or) after the scheduled time\n\n会えなくなった -> before the scheduled time\n\nYou can say 会えなかった for any unfulfilled meeting in the past, and ofen implies\nyou tried but failed. When you say 会えなくなった, it often implies that the meeting\nis now less prioritized for some reason.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-19T05:58:40.777", "id": "100711", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-19T05:58:40.777", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "54245", "parent_id": "100701", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100705", "answer_count": 1, "body": "いらせらる consists of いる and せらる, the passive of suru I think, so why is it in\n未然形? Usually, if a verb is and can be paired with する, it'd be in continuative\nform, so you'd say things like 入りもしない、 or 入りやしない. It makes no sense, unless\nit's actually いらせる/いらす + らる.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T13:25:43.880", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100702", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-18T21:40:18.623", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "50287", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "conjugations", "archaic-language" ], "title": "Why is いる in いらせらる conjugated いら, in 未然形, instead of 入り?", "view_count": 59 }

[ { "body": "**いらせらる** = _**ir-ase-rar-u**_ (→ modern\n[いらっしゃる](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%84%E3%82%89%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%82%8B))\n\n_**ir-**_ = **stem**\n\n_**-(s)ase-**_ = Causative (Variant with initial _s_ was used with most vowel-\nstem verbs, except verb _se-_ (す, modern する).) (This suffix itself was weak-\nvowel-stem verb ([二段活用]{にだんかつよう}).) **(In the context of etymology of いらっしゃる,\nhonorific/respectual function of this suffix should be assumed.)**\n\n_**-(r)are-**_ = Spontaneous/Passive/Potential/ **Honorific** (Variant with\ninitial _r_ was used with most vowel-stem verbs, except verb _se-_ (す, modern\nする).) (This suffix itself was weak-vowel-stem verb ([二段活用]{にだんかつよう}).) **(In\nthe context of etymology of いらっしゃる, honorific/respectual function of this\nsuffix should be assumed.)**\n\n_**-u**_ = **Conclusive/Terminal/[終止形]{しゅうしけい}**\n\nいらせらる must be from Middle Japanese, but Middle Japanese preserved behavior of\nattaching of _-u_ resulting from rules of phonology of Old Japanese.\n(Frellesvig (2010, page 63): \"The passive auxiliary variant _-rare-_ ,\nattaching to vowel base verbs, does not appear in the language until EMJ (see\n8.4.1) and forms no part of OJ, although it is included in some grammars.\")\n\nIn Old Japanese, in most cases, 2 consecutive vowels were not allowed. When\ninflection would cause appearance of consecutive vowels, either fusion of\nthem, or elision of one of them must have occurred.\n\nFor weak-vowel-stem verbs ([二段活用]{にだんかつよう}), when attaching suffix beginning\nwith vowel (e.g. _-u_ ), last vowel of stem is elided and first vowel of\nsuffix is preserved. Examples:\n\n_-(r)are-_ + _-u_ → _-(r)aru_ (modern _-(r)areru_ )\n\n_ide-_ + _-u_ → _idu_ (出{い}づ, modern 出{で}る)\n\n_miti-_ + _-u_ → _mitu_ (満{み}つ, modern 満{み}ちる)\n\nFor strong-vowel-stem verbs ([一段活用]{いちだんかつよう}), when attaching suffix\nbeginning with vowel (e.g. _-u_ ), last vowel of stem is preserved and first\nvowel of suffix is elided. Examples:\n\n_mi-_ + _-u_ → _mi_ (見{み}, modern 見{み}る)\n\n_ni-_ + _-u_ → _ni_ (似{に}, modern 似{に}る)\n\n* * *\n\nAt least synchronically, Attributive/[連体形]{れんたいけい} of all vowel-stem verbs was\ncreated by attaching _-ru_ to Conclusive/Terminal/[終止形]{しゅうしけい}:\n\n_-(r)aru_ + _-ru_ → _-(r)aruru_ (modern _-(r)areru_ )\n\n_idu_ + _-ru_ → _iduru_ (出{い}づる, modern 出{で}る)\n\n_mitu_ + _-ru_ → _mituru_ (満{み}つる, modern 満{み}ちる)\n\n_mi_ + _-ru_ → _miru_ (見{み}る, modern 見{み}る)\n\n_ni_ + _-ru_ → _niru_ (似{に}る, modern 似{に}る)\n\nSince Early Middle Japanese, Attributive/[連体形]{れんたいけい} of strong-vowel-stem\nverbs (一段活用) (e.g. _miru_ , _niru_ ) was used as\nConclusive/Terminal/[終止形]{しゅうしけい}, and original forms (e.g. _mi_ , _ni_ ) were\nno longer used.\n\nMany centuries later, similar replacement of Conclusive/Terminal/[終止形]{しゅうしけい}\nwith Attributive/[連体形]{れんたいけい} occurred for almost all other verbs which\nformerly had distinction (weak-vowel-stem verbs, irregular verbs) and\nadjectives (modern _-i_ adjectives) (suppletive copula _da_ / _na_ still has\ndistinction between Conclusive/Terminal/[終止形]{しゅうしけい} and\nAttributive/[連体形]{れんたいけい}, but these are forms which evolved in Late Middle\nJapanese or Early Modern Japanese; originally main extended copula was _ni\nar-_ / _nar-_ : Conclusive/Terminal/[終止形]{しゅうしけい} _ni ar(i|u)_ / _nar(i|u)_ ,\nAttributive/[連体形]{れんたいけい} _ni aru_ / _naru_ ).\n\n* * *\n\nいらせらる does not include any form of verb する.\n\n* * *\n\nFrellesvig (2010, \"A History of the Japanese Language\", page 369, 371):\n\n> 12.7 Honorific language\n>\n> Through its history Japanese has had grammatical expression of what is very\n> generally characterized as _honorific language_ ( _keigo_ 敬語). It is common\n> to distinguish two independent parameters: _exaltation_ (12.7.1) and\n> _politeness_ (12.7.2).\n>\n> 12.7.1 Exaltation\n>\n> Exaltation characterizes the social relation between those spoken about, or\n> between the speaker and those spoken about, and exaltation is sometimes\n> referred to as _social deixis_. Two overall parameters are distinguished:\n> (a) 'respect' ( _sonkei_ 尊敬), also referred to as 'esteemed subject',\n> 'respect for subject', 'subject exaltation'; and (b) 'humility' ( _kenjō_\n> 謙譲), which in the Japanese descriptive tradition, which focuses on the\n> subject, may be termed 'humble subject', but which in more recent\n> scholarship in English is referred to as 'respect for object' (or indirect\n> object), or 'object exaltation'; here we use the English equivalents of the\n> Japanese terms, _respect_ and _humility_ , for these two categories.\n>\n> (...)\n>\n> 12.7.1.2 Predicate exaltation\n>\n> Overall, exaltation on predicates has been expressed in three main ways,\n> namely by (a) auxiliaries, e.g. OJ _-(a)s-_ RESP, _-(a)sime-_ CAUS\n> (enhancing a following respect expression); EMJ/LMJ _-rare-_ PASS (used for\n> respect), _-sase-_ CAUS (enhancing a following respect expression), (b)\n> auxiliary verbs, e.g. _-tamap-_ RESP, _-mawir-_ HUM, _-tatematur-_ HUM, and\n> (c) lexical suppletion, e.g. _imas-_ 'be, come, go, RESP', _kakur-_ 'die'\n> ('hide oneself'), _tukapematur-_ 'serve.HUM', _mawos-_ 'say.HUM, speak.HUM',\n> _mawir-_ 'enter.HUM', and many, many others. As mentioned, the expression of\n> humility has always been less developed than respect, and this is also\n> reflected in the fact that humility has never been expressed by auxiliaries,\n> only by auxiliary verbs and suppletive lexical verbs.\n>\n> The inventories of forms used in these functions have changed over time, as\n> have rules for their combinations. However, with a few exceptions the basic\n> system of respect and humility has not changed much between OJ and cNJ. In\n> Old Japanese, as opposed to later stages, 'respect for subject' could be\n> used by the speaker about himself, e.g. _wa ga tata-s-ere-ba_ I GEN stand-\n> RESP-STAT.PROV 'as I stand' ( _KK_ 2), spoken by the god _Yachihoko no kami\n> no mikoto_. This is referred to as 'absolute [as opposed to relative]\n> respect' and disappeared in the transition to EMJ. Exaltation is ubiquitous\n> in the literary prose texts from EMJ and early LMJ. Not only were multiple,\n> mutually reenforcing combinations of respect expressions used, such as\n> _-sase-rare-tamap-_ CAUS-PASS-RESP, expressing a high degree of respect, but\n> humility and respect was often expressed on one verb, usually expressing the\n> respect of the speaker (writer) towards the subject of the verb, but\n> expressing the humility of the subject towards the (indirect) object, for\n> example in the combination _-tatematuri-tamap-_ HUM-RESP. The combination of\n> respect and humility went out of use in late LMJ and is no longer part of\n> the system. The varied and frequent use of exalting expressions is so\n> prominent in the literary texts from EMJ and early LMJ, especially the\n> _monogatari_ , that it is a distinctive feature of the appearance and image\n> of these texts. It is, however, not likely that exalting expressions were as\n> widely used in common language as they were in the refined and elegant\n> language of the court ladies and nobles. Through LMJ, the use of exalting\n> expressions in the texts declined somewhat, probably reflecting more\n> everyday and less elegant language use, rather than structural changes. In\n> cNJ, exalting language has been regularized to mainly morphological\n> expression, with a small number of auxiliaries and auxiliary verbs and far\n> fewer suppletive verbs than in EMJ or LMJ. It should finally be mentioned\n> that despite the prominence of the use of exalting expressions in\n> metalinguistic consciousness and the importance assigned to it in normative\n> discourse about Japanese, a number of Japanese dialects do not use exalting\n> language.", "comment_count": 8, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T15:03:57.400", "id": "100705", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-18T21:40:18.623", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-18T21:40:18.623", "last_editor_user_id": "56758", "owner_user_id": "56758", "parent_id": "100702", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "First I saw it in a song called ヤミナベ, where it says なべがくるりくるりら回るよ, and I\ndidn't think much of it, since I could only find crayons when I searched it\nup, then I saw it in a song called マグメル, where it said ぱっぱぱらりら. Before, I\ndidn't ask this question because I researched the ら in na-no adjectives, and I\nassumed it was that ら. Am I right?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T13:49:27.203", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100703", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-18T22:31:30.190", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-18T17:15:42.403", "last_editor_user_id": "50287", "owner_user_id": "50287", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "adverbs" ], "title": "Why is ら attached to り ending adverbs?", "view_count": 74 }

[ { "body": "These are songs. Playing around with sounds is an important part of that. By\nway of analogy, we could ask why certain singers of the 1940s and 50s tell us\nso frequently to do something called \"[wop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doo-\nwop#Origin_of_the_name)\". In short, I suspect that this ら you're hearing is\nsimply an inserted sound that is added because it sounds good and helps with\nthe rhythm and meter. I can find no information about ら added on the end of an\nadverb and producing another adverb.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T22:31:30.190", "id": "100709", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-18T22:31:30.190", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5229", "parent_id": "100703", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kkV6J.jpg)\n\nとんでもねぇもん掴ませてくれたな= とんでもないもの掴ませてくれたな\n\nThe character speaking got this file from his station and it's giving them to\nthe other characters.\n\nWhat's I'm stumbled is this use of \"くれた\".\n\nFrom context my interpretation would be something akin to \"What a terrible\nthing you made me get\", however I'm not really sure. The くれた feels like he\ncould be used sarcastically?\n\n\"you let me get\" doesn't make much sense. He got the file for them.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T14:48:59.770", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100704", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-23T05:19:52.923", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-22T13:08:55.120", "last_editor_user_id": "32952", "owner_user_id": "57295", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "causation", "giving-and-receiving" ], "title": "The use of causative + くれる in this sentence", "view_count": 95 }

[ { "body": "It is an idiomatic meaning exclusive to the causative form つかませる. Although つかむ\nitself has a somewhat relevant connotation \"to grab (some important\ninformation)\", つかませる also has a distinct sense: \"foist (goods) on someone\n(resulting giver's benefit or receiver's trouble)\". This usually suggest the\nother one directly gives you something, but also applicable when they command,\nsolicit, inspire, allow, etc. you to have (or in a sense, used to blame one's\nbad decision on the other).\n\n> 偽のダイヤの指輪をつかませられた \n> I had a fake diamond ring palmed [passed] off on me.\n\n(from\n[プログレッシブ和英中辞典](https://kotobank.jp/jeword/%E6%8E%B4%E3%81%BE%E3%81%9B%E3%82%8B))\n\nSo, in this context, the speaker is complaining that the other one ~~handed\noff~~ caused him to have such a \"hot potato\". And くれる is used in a sarcastic\nway as you say, and as linked in the comment: [Using くれる for doing something\nbad](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/938/7810).", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-19T08:33:46.757", "id": "100713", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-23T05:19:52.923", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-23T05:19:52.923", "last_editor_user_id": "7810", "owner_user_id": "7810", "parent_id": "100704", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100726", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Which one is used in the context of hotels, attractions, and so on\n(reservations)?\n\nIs there a better word to say it?\n\nThank you!", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-18T16:25:04.340", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100707", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T08:10:56.160", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57023", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "word-choice" ], "title": "Choose between 手数料 vs キャンセル料", "view_count": 85 }

[ { "body": "If you mean cancellation fee, then it is キャンセル料.\n\n手数料 is transaction fee of any kind. E.g., you withdraw money from bank, you\nmay be charged a small fee as 手数料.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-20T08:10:56.160", "id": "100726", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T08:10:56.160", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "100707", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100715", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Does anyone know what でしょう originally comes from?\n\nAnd are those forms ever used nowadays?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-19T06:15:18.310", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100712", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T17:18:04.603", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57315", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "etymology" ], "title": "Etymology of でしょう?", "view_count": 119 }

[ { "body": "だ and です are modern contracted copulae (verbs \"to be\"), they developed in Late\nMiddle Japanese.\n\nだろう and でしょう are Conjectural/Tentative forms of these copulae, formed slightly\nirregularly.\n\nOld Japanese suffix _-(a)m-_ is called Conjectural by Frellesvig (2010),\nTentative by Vovin (2020).\n\nFrellesvig (2010, \"A History of the Japanese Language\", page 78) in chapter\nabout Old Japanese:\n\n> 3.1.4.10 Conjectural and subjunctive\n>\n> The _conjectural_ belongs to the QD conjugation. The _subjunctive_ has its\n> own conjugation, the few forms of which resemble the simple past.\n>\n> The conjectural is the least specific of the modal auxiliaries and is very\n> frequent in the OJ texts. Its uses fall into two overall categories: (a)\n> _conjecture_ : probability and necessity; (b) _volition_ : intention and\n> wish. Note that the combination of the simple past and the conjectural\n> _-kye-m-_ is used only to express conjecture 'probably was, probably did',\n> not volition. Like modals in many languages, the conjectural can also be\n> used to refer to future time with little or no modal meaning; the\n> conjectural is therefore sometimes termed a 'future tense'. Followed by the\n> conjunctional particles _to_ or _ni_ it is used to form purposive adjunct\n> and complement clauses 'that, so that'.\n\nHighly defective simple copula was/is [ _nə_ ( _no_ since EMJ), _ni_ , _nite_\n(→ LMJ/NJ _de_ )]. Since it was defective, it did not have many forms, and it\nparticipated/participates in constructions with other verbs ( _ar(i|u)_ ,\n_imasu_ ), which allow full inflection. (That verb\n[_imasu_](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99), now\narchaic or extinct, should not be mistaken with _-masu_ form of modern verb\n_iru_ , which comes from OJ/EMJ _wiru_.)\n\nMain extended copula in Old Japanese and at least Early Middle Japanese was\nformed with verb _ar(i|u)_ : _**ni ar(i|u)**_ , and its contracted form\n_**nar(i|u)**_.\n\nConjectural/Tentative form of copula _ni ar(i|u)_ / _nar(i|u)_ in Old Japanese\nand early Early Middle Japanese was: _**ni aramu**_ / _**naramu**_.\n\nIn Late Middle Japanese, extended copula _**de aru**_ developed. It contains\nthe same verb _aru_ (earlier _ar(i|u)_ ) as older aforementioned _ni ar(i|u)_\n/ _nar(i|u)_ , but contains different form of defective simple copula: _de_\ninstead of _ni_. Modern copula _**da**_ developed as contraction of _**de\naru**_.\n\nThere were/are other similar constructions in LMJ/NJ, e.g. _**de gozaru**_\n(currently used in samurai-style speech).\n\nOne of now extinct constructions was with verb\n_s[ɔ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel)ːrɔː_: _**de\nsɔːrɔː**_. Modern polite copula _**desu**_ is considered (by at least some\nlinguists) to be contraction of _**de sɔːrɔː**_.\n\n* * *\n\nPhonological development of Conjectural/Tentative suffix _**-am-**_ +\nConclusive/Terminal/[終止形]{しゅうしけい} _-u_ :\n\n * For consonant-stem verbs:\n\n/-amu/ → /-a[ũ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_vowel)/ → /-au/ →\n/-[ɔ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel)ː/ →\n/-[o](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel)ː/\n\nExample for _kaku_ (書く):\n\n/kakamu/ → /kakaũ/ → /kakau/ → /kakɔː/ → /kakoː/\n\n * For _e_ -vowel-stem verbs (initial _a_ of _-amu_ suffix was elided):\n\n/-emu/ → /-eũ/ → /-eu/ → /-joː/ → (regularization) /-ejoː/\n\nExample for Old/Middle Japanese _nu_ , modern 寝る:\n\n/nemu/ → /neũ/ → /neu/ → /njoː/ → (regularization) /nejoː/\n\n * For _i_ -vowel-stem verbs (initial _a_ of _-amu_ suffix was elided):\n\n/-imu/ → /-iũ/ → /-iu/ → /-juː/ → (regularization) /-ijoː/\n\nExample for Old Japanese _mi_ , Middle Japanese _miru_ , modern 見る:\n\n/mimu/ → /miũ/ → /miu/ → /mjuː/ → (regularization) /mijoː/\n\n * For irregular vowel-stem verbs (initial _a_ of _-amu_ suffix was elided):\n\nVerb _kə-_ → _ko-_ (Conclusive/Terminal/[終止形]{しゅうしけい} _ku_ , modern _kuru_\n(来る)):\n\n/kəmu/ → /komu/ → /koũ/ → /kou/ → /koː/ → (regularization) /kojoː/\n\nVerb _se-_ (Conclusive/Terminal/[終止形]{しゅうしけい} _su_ , modern _suru_ (する)):\n\n/semu/ → /seũ/ → /seu/ → /sjoː/ → (regularization) /sijoː/\n\nForms with nasal vowel /ũ/ existed for some time in Early Middle Japanese.\nDuring this period, there were also other variants of development of original\n/mu/, which ultimately did not survive.\n\nFusion of consecutive vowels into long vowels occurred in Late Middle Japanese\nand was not specific to this suffix, it occurred also in many other words.\n\nEuropeans arrived to Japan in 16th century, and distinction between 2 types of\nlong vowel _o_ , assumed to be [low-mid\n/ɔː/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel) and [high-mid\n/oː/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel), is attested\nin European sources about Japanese language from 16th/17th century. /ɔː/ and\n/oː/ merged into /oː/ in Early Modern Japanese.\n\nRegularization of forms of this suffix for vowel-stem verbs occurred in Modern\nJapanese (maybe middle/late Edo period).\n\n* * *\n\nWhen _**desu**_ appeared, we would rather expect that its\nConjectural/Tentative form be _***/desɔː/**_ (＊でさう) → _***/desoː/**_ (＊でそう),\nbut _**/des joː/**_ (modern hiragana spelling でしょう) was created probably by\nanalogy with Conjectural/Tentative form of verb す／する, which was /sjoː/ at that\ntime.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-19T10:58:01.753", "id": "100715", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T17:18:04.603", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-20T17:18:04.603", "last_editor_user_id": "56758", "owner_user_id": "56758", "parent_id": "100712", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100731", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I may have dreamed this but I remember my Japanese teacher telling our class\n(23yr ago) about a Japanese proverb that went something like:\n\n> It's sin not to take the fish you catch\n\nThe teacher explained this to mean, men use this proverb to justify cheating.\nThat it means, if a woman offers herself it's a sin not to accept.\n\nWhat is this proverb?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-19T09:30:47.723", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100714", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T10:36:29.837", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "17423", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "proverbs" ], "title": "A proverb about it's a sin not to take what's you catch", "view_count": 104 }

[ { "body": "The closest phrase in Japanese would be\n[据え膳食わぬは男の恥](https://jisho.org/word/%E6%8D%AE%E3%81%88%E8%86%B3%E9%A3%9F%E3%82%8F%E3%81%AC%E3%81%AF%E7%94%B7%E3%81%AE%E6%81%A5),\nbut it says nothing about fish. The literal meaning of this phrase is \"Not\neating the meal set before him is a man's shame\".", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-20T10:36:29.837", "id": "100731", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T10:36:29.837", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100714", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100727", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Jisho says that 足を引きずる means 'to limp'. My good paper dictionary seems to\nsuggest that it means 'to drag one's feet' due to tiredness, for example. What\nrange of meanings does 足を引きずる actually encompass:\n\n 1. to limp e.g. due to an injury?\n 2. to drag one's feet due to tiredness?\n 3. to drag one's feet due to a reluctance to do something e.g. \"he dragged his feet about going to the dentist\"?\n 4. anything else?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-19T13:41:54.590", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100716", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T08:15:02.843", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "meaning" ], "title": "Meaning of 足を引きずる", "view_count": 102 }

[ { "body": "To me, 足を引きずる is always physically dragging one's feet. So it could be 1 or 2\nor any other reason that causes the person to drag their feet in the literal\nsense.\n\nFor 3, a similar expression that means starting something with reluctance in a\nfigurative way is\n[重い腰を上げる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E9%87%8D%E3%81%84%E8%85%B0%E3%82%92%E4%B8%8A%E3%81%92%E3%82%8B/#jn-306194).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-20T08:15:02.843", "id": "100727", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T08:15:02.843", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "100716", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I am asking for the difference between 別々に and 別々 and 別 and 別に and 別々の.\n\nThey are all very similiar having something to do with separate/ly.\n\nThanks.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-19T16:06:36.280", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100717", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T10:51:17.967", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57308", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "word-choice", "words", "synonyms" ], "title": "Can someone tell me the difference between 別々に and 別々 and 別 and 別に and 別々の", "view_count": 57 }

[ { "body": "別々 is \"different from one another\", and 別 is \"different from what's already\nmentioned\". 別々に means \"separately\" in the sense of \"one by one\" or\n\"individually\", and you say this when there are many similar things. On the\nother hand, 別に means \"separately\" in the sense of \"as a different matter\" or\n\"independently of existing ones\".\n\n * 別々の問題 \nmany different problems / diverse problems\n\n * 別の問題 \na different problem / a new problem / another problem\n\n * 別々に処理しましょう。 \nLet's handle them one by one.\n\n * 別に処理しましょう。 \nLet's handle it separately/independently. / Let's handle it as a different\nissue.\n\n * それは別です。 \nThat's different (from what has been discussed already).\n\nAs for に/の, there is nothing special. You should use the basic rules of no-\nadjectives; に works adverbially (modifies a verb) and の works attributively\n(modifies a noun).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-20T10:51:17.967", "id": "100732", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T10:51:17.967", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100717", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nweTF.png)\n\nでもあなたの様子を見るに この件について何か心当たりがあるのでは\n\nMy understanding of \"様子を見る\" is akin to \"wait and see\" or \"survey the\nsituation\"\n\nSo I took the whole sentence akin to \"By having you survey the situation,\nconcerning the case related some clue may appear.\"\n\nMost uses of あなたの様子を見る doesn't seem to use the に particulate some what is\nhappening here. I assume the character may have omitted something?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-19T19:33:51.017", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100718", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T10:54:30.843", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57295", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "meaning", "particle-に" ], "title": "The use of 様子を見る + に in this sentence", "view_count": 46 }

[]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "My understanding is that 学校 **は** 行きます would mean: As for school, I will go\nthere.\n\nWhile 学校 **に** 行きます is: I will go to school.\n\nBut is this the first sentence ever used? Or even grammatically correct?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-19T21:41:08.757", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100719", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T10:02:34.267", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-19T21:44:47.603", "last_editor_user_id": "57319", "owner_user_id": "57319", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "particle-に", "particle-は" ], "title": "Would it be gramatically correct to say 学校は行きます as opposed to 学校に行きます", "view_count": 349 }

[ { "body": "I don't think the sentence is strictly incorrect from a grammatical point of\nview, but I doubt anyone would say it.\n\nOn the other hand, what is definitely used is the following:\n\n> 学校 **には** 行きます。\n\nYou would add the は without dropping the に if your intention is to highlight\nthat you specifically go to the school (as opposed or in contrast to somewhere\nelse). But に is still required for this to work.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-19T23:13:55.867", "id": "100720", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-19T23:13:55.867", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "32952", "parent_id": "100719", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "Yes, 学校は行きます is grammatically correct and natural. But this has a clearly\ncontrastive meaning. The sentence implies something like this:\n\n> 学校は行きます。 \n> (I said I won't go to the dentist but) I will go (at least) to school.\n\nAs a basic rule, a contrastive-は _replaces_ が and を, but _attaches_ other\nparticles such as に, へ, で, から and まで. Still, when a contrastive-は comes at the\nbeginning of a sentence, the associated particle can be omitted with the aid\nof the context. We even have [eel sentences\n(うなぎ文)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/61651/5010).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-20T10:02:34.267", "id": "100729", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T10:02:34.267", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100719", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100738", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I found a lot of questions about って here, but none helps me to understand the\nnuance of the following sentence:\n\nね、あの子の言う少佐って誰のこと？\n\nIt does not seem to be the quotation because の言う is already used before.\n\nAnd \"even if\" also does not fit in this sentence.\n\nCan you please tell me the meaning of って in this case?\n\nFor context: This is a sentence from Violet Evergarden. It is said at 22:38 in\nthe second episode (<https://9animetv.to/watch/violet-evergarden-59?ep=1452>)\n\nThe women saying the sentence heard Violet speak about a certain Major and\nwould like to know who that person is.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-20T03:39:37.660", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100723", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-21T10:25:13.250", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55767", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar", "anime", "particle-って" ], "title": "The meaning of って (No quotation, No \"even if\")", "view_count": 82 }

[ { "body": "As suggested by Chocolate the answers to the two below questions answer my\nquestion as well.\n\nIn this case って is the topic marker.\n\nThe sentence could change to the following:\n\nね、あの子の言う少佐 **って** 誰のこと？ --> ね、あの子の言う少佐 **は** 誰のこと？\n\n[Difference between って and は as topic\nmarker](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15004/difference-\nbetween-%e3%81%a3%e3%81%a6-and-%e3%81%af-as-topic-marker)\n\n[Confused about って in this\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/50246/confused-\nabout-%e3%81%a3%e3%81%a6-in-this-sentence)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-21T08:30:25.877", "id": "100738", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-21T08:30:25.877", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55767", "parent_id": "100723", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100725", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Would the honorific さま (-sama) surfice when addressing a teacher or principal?\nI'm uncertain if a parent would use 先生 (sensei) or こうちょうせんせい (kōchōsensei) as\nit's not _their_ teacher, but their child's.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-20T07:51:09.747", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100724", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T08:07:50.213", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57321", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "politeness", "honorifics" ], "title": "How does a parent address their child's teacher or principal?", "view_count": 56 }

[ { "body": "If the person is principal, it's 校長先生{こうちょうせんせい}. Otherwise, you use _Last\nName_ +先生. The rule is that you call them as your child would call them.\n\nFYI: In kindergarten (幼稚園{ようちえん} or 保育園{ほいくえん}), the head of school is\n園長{えんちょう}先生.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-20T08:07:50.213", "id": "100725", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T08:07:50.213", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "100724", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100734", "answer_count": 1, "body": "sometimes 先 (saki) means the future, but for ex 先月 means previous month . why?\nhow?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-20T10:09:50.857", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100730", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T11:14:50.067", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57322", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "kanji" ], "title": "why does 先 means \"ahead\" and \"previous\" at the same time?", "view_count": 107 }

[ { "body": "The character 先 means to \"move ahead\". The character itself is comprised of 之\nwhich represents \"footprints\" and 儿 which represents a person. I think\nimagining footprints in the sand gives a good image.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tDeEc.png)\n\nSo if you think about it in this sense, it can represent 先月 or 先日 as something\nthat \"came before\" such as the footprints. However, at the same time, those\nfootprints can represent a course you haven't taken yet. So when someone says\n\"先が楽しみ\", you are looking forward in taking that path in the future they\nhaven't explored yet.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-20T11:14:50.067", "id": "100734", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-20T11:14:50.067", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "1217", "parent_id": "100730", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "When are good situations to use the phrase \"見事にやられた\" ?\n\nIn the language guide book \"Shadowing,\" the authors use it to refer to doing\nvery badly on an exam.\n\nThank you.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-21T02:24:54.407", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100736", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-22T01:38:05.513", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57326", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "phrases", "set-phrases" ], "title": "When are good situations to use the phrase \"見事にやられた\"?", "view_count": 69 }

[ { "body": "You say \"やられた!\" when you acknowledge that you have been outsmarted,\noutperformed or outdone by someone. For example, when you lose a game or find\nyourself outmaneuvered by your opponent, you can say \"やられた!\" to admit defeat.\nOther situations in which you might say \"やられた!\" include when a competitor\nreleases a new product that outperforms yours, when your rival solves a\nproblem that you were struggling with, or when you're surprised by a prank.\nAdding 見事に (\"excellently; neatly\") as an intensifier emphasizes the extent of\nyour defeat or surprise.\n\nWhen you say \"(見事に)やられた\" after getting a bad score on a test, it implies\nsomething like \"The teacher outsmarted/tricked me and gave me unexpected (yet\nreasonable) questions!\"\n\n**EDIT:** Grammatically, やられた is the (past) passive form of やる (\"to do\"), and\nthis type of passive is called [\"suffering\npassive\"](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/70533/5010) (迷惑の受け身). The idea\nis someone did something and it negatively affected you.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-21T03:33:26.860", "id": "100737", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-22T01:38:05.513", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-22T01:38:05.513", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100736", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm having some confusion on the potential form of Japanese verbs,\nspecifically ichidan verbs. The sources I'm using for my learning tell me that\nI should replace 'ru' with 'rareru' or 'rarenai' (examples being 'taberareu'\nfor 'can eat' and 'taberarenai' for 'can't eat'). I'm noticing this isn't\nalways the case, however. The potential forms for 'miru' are 'mireru' and\n'mirenai', the forms for 'hashiru' are 'hashireru' and 'hashirenai', and the\nnegative potential form for 'uragiru' is 'uragiranai'. Clearly they don't all\nfollow the rule of replacing the 'ru' with 'rareru'. Is there any way for me\nto be able to tell which ichidan verbs will follow the rule and which ones\nwon't? Thank you all!", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-21T13:58:12.650", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100741", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-21T15:10:31.513", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57330", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "conjugations", "potential-form", "ichidan-verbs" ], "title": "Ichidan verb potential form conjugations", "view_count": 48 }

[ { "body": "Since you use term _ichidan_ , I assume that you also heard _godan_.\n\nConclusive/Terminal forms of all _ichidan_ verbs in modern Japanese end with\n_-ru_ , but this does not mean that all verbs ending in _ru_ belong to\n_ichidan_ class. There are some verbs whose morphological stem ends in _r_ ,\nand only the following _u_ is suffix of Conclusive/Terminal form. I use hyphen\nbelow to show boundary between stem and suffixes.\n\n_hashir-u_ and _uragir-u_ are _godan_ verbs. Therefore they allow formation of\nPotential forms with _-eru_ : _hashir-eru_ , _uragir-eru_.\n\nNormal Potential forms of _ichidan_ verbs (e.g. _mi-ru_ , _tabe-ru_ ) have\n_-rareru_ : _mi-rareru_ , _tabe-rareru_.\n\nIn recent times in colloquial Japanese, shortened forms of Potential have\ndeveloped. These forms have _ra_ dropped from _-rareru_ , resulting in _-reru_\n, so this grammatical phenomenon is called ら抜{ぬ}き (one of meanings of verb\n抜{ぬ}く is \"to omit, to skip\").\n\nFor aforementioned _ichidan_ verbs, Potential forms with ら抜{ぬ}き are: _mi-reru_\n, _tabe-reru_.\n\n* * *\n\nThere are some pairs of homophonic verbs belonging to _ichidan_ and _godan_\nclasses. Examples:\n\n_i-ru_ \"to exist\" (and others), _ir-u_ \"to need\" (and others)\n\n_ki-ru_ \"to put on (cloths)\", _kir-u_ \"to cut\"\n\n_kae-ru_ \"to change, to replace\", _kaer-u_ \"to return\"\n\nThey have different kanji spellings. Most forms of such verbs do not overlap\n(e.g. _ki-masu_ versus _kir-imasu_ ).\n\n* * *\n\nIf you heard about _-areru_ suffix of _godan_ verbs and if you heard that this\nsuffix creates Passive form, then I inform that this suffix, possibly with\nliterary/archaic nuance, can be used to create Potential. _-rareru_ is variant\nof _-areru_ suffix ( _-areru_ is used with _godan_ verbs, _-rareru_ is used\nwith _ichidan_ verbs). Both Passive and Potential are original functions of\n_-(r)areru_ suffix, and Potential meaning of this suffix for _godan_ verbs is\nnow rarely used, but remains for _ichidan_ verbs.\n\n_-eru_ is a different suffix and can be used only with _godan_ verbs. Some\ncenturies ago this suffix also had both Potential and Passive meaning.\n\n* * *\n\nIn above explanation, for simplicity, hyphen is added only between stem of\nlexical verb and first suffix. In conjugation of verbs and adjectives in\nJapanese, there are often multiple suffixes glued together, usually in only\none valid order. More correct segmentation of _hashireru_ , _mirareru_ ,\n_kirimasu_ and _kirimasen_ would be: _hashir-e-ru_ , _mi-rare-ru_ , _kir-i-\nmas-u_ , _kir-i-mase-n_.", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-21T14:41:39.460", "id": "100742", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-21T15:10:31.513", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-21T15:10:31.513", "last_editor_user_id": "56758", "owner_user_id": "56758", "parent_id": "100741", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100748", "answer_count": 1, "body": "In this video clip :\n<https://youtube.com/clip/UgkxfiBqUAzxHmyxBNLZ13fJBoIpmqOrFBQq>\n\nThe lady asks :\n\n> 剣道で培ったことは日頃の自分にもすごい活きてるなあって思いますか？\n\nThe subtitle trasnlation says ：\n\n> Do you feel that you're applying what you acquired through Kendo into daily\n> life?\n\nI can't exactly break down `活きてるなあって`. In the dictionary I found 活きてる（＝活きている）\nis \"be live\" or \"be of effect\" or \"be applied (in this context)\". So I can\nunderstand it is translated `\"Do you think the things you learned from Kendo\nis alive also to your every day's life?\"` (it's not easy to translate one-to-\none in English because the word order is different and can't find exactly\nmatching word in English in many cases). \nMy question is : Why is it `~なあって思いますか?`? Shouldn't it be `~なのがあると思いますか？`? Or\nis it another way of saying the same thing？", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-21T14:58:19.480", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100743", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-21T17:53:09.710", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-21T17:44:17.130", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "57277", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "word-choice", "word-usage" ], "title": "About \"活きてるなあって思いますか？\"", "view_count": 68 }

[ { "body": "This な(あ) is [this sentence-ending particle](https://www.wasabi-\njpn.com/japanese-grammar/advanced-sentence-ending-particles/#2), so 活きてるなあ\nmeans something along the lines of \"(oh) it's alive/functioning!\". This って is\nan informal quotative particle (=と). Thus a literal translation would be:\n\n> 「剣道で培ったことは日頃の自分にもすごい活きてるなあ」って思いますか？ \n> =「剣道で培ったことは日頃の自分にもすごい活きてるなあ」と思いますか？\n>\n> Do you think \"(oh) what I cultivated through kendo is really alive also in\n> my everyday self\"?\n\nなの doesn't follow a verb, so 活きてるなのがある is plain ungrammatical and makes no\nsense.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-21T17:53:09.710", "id": "100748", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-21T17:53:09.710", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100743", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "From the ”上級で学ぶ日本語” N2 level book, page 51, ローソク島 reading, 2nd to the last\nline of the 2nd paragraph.\n\nIn the story the author is convinced to go visit \"Candlestick Island\" by the\nemployees and staff of the hotel he's staying at. Apparently when the sun sets\nat night it can make it look like the candlestick of the \"candlestick island\"\nis being lit. Everyone is kind but the weather turns cloudy and they're not\nsure if they'll be able to see it.\n\nIt is here that the author wanting to express his gratitude to the staff for\ntrying so hard thinks or is about to say:\n\n「自然相手のことなのに」\n\nI was inititially confused because I mostly know 相手 as meaning companion,\npartner, company or opponent.\n\nSo \"Even though (you/the staff) were companions of nature....(we won't be able\nto see the sun set on the island)\" was my intial brain translation but that\ndidn't make much sense. Asked the sensei, and I got the meaning of the phrase\nbut I still have no idea how we got there from these specific words.\n\nThe author is apparently wanting to express gratitude to the staff for trying\nso hard despite the weather/nature being what it is.\n\nWhat? How?\n\nI did some digging and 「相手にする」has a less commonly used meaning that can mean\n\"to deal with\" and my Japanese friend confirmed that another way of saying it\nwould be 「自然を相手にしているのに」is another way of saying what he's trying to convey\nwhich makes a lot more sense.\n\nBut just because I know what it means, doesn't mean I have any understanding\nof how the original phrase actually means that.\n\nHow exactly is「相手のこと」being used here? Is 相手 being used as a する verb with the\nする ommited? What does it mean? How did I get here? Am I having a stroke?\n\nMany thanks.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-22T04:15:49.743", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100749", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-22T05:01:23.173", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57338", "post_type": "question", "score": 5, "tags": [ "grammar", "phrases" ], "title": "How is 「相手」being used here?", "view_count": 80 }

[ { "body": "Here, 相手 is working like a suffix that forms a no-adjective. 相手 refers to\nanyone you face or deal with, and the nature itself is their 相手 in this\ncontext. The word 相手 usually refers to a human or an animal, but it is natural\nto use it metaphorically for things you face and confront, such as the nature,\na tank and a mountain of tasks.\n\n> 自然相手のことなのに、…\n>\n> (literally: \"Though this is a nature-facing thing, ...) \n> Even though this is something where you deal with nature, ... \n> Though this is a matter concerning nature, ...\n\nOther examples where 相手 is used like a suffix:\n\n * 彼女相手だと議論に勝てない。 \n∼ 彼女が相手だと議論に勝てない。 \nI can't win an argument against her.\n\n * 格上相手によく頑張ったね。 \n∼ 格上を相手によく頑張ったね。 \nYou did well against a superior opponent!\n\n(A suru-verb 相手する exists, but 相手するのこと is ungrammatical anyway. の is a noun-\nlinking particle, so you can at least tell something before の is a noun or a\nno-adjective, but not a verb.)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-22T04:42:34.620", "id": "100750", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-22T05:01:23.173", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-22T05:01:23.173", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100749", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100752", "answer_count": 1, "body": "So in this video: <https://youtu.be/oFXqrmfi_SU>\n\nSteve Kaufmann talks about not studying the basics in English but he says するな\ninstead of しない is this allowed?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-22T07:32:12.443", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100751", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-22T07:37:42.977", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57016", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "conjugations" ], "title": "Steve Kaufman says 勉強するな to mean don't study. Why not say 勉強しない?", "view_count": 475 }

[ { "body": "勉強するな is an imperative negative, an order not to do something (in this case\nstudying)\n\n勉強しない is a simple negative in the sense of I/you/he don't/doesn't study, or\ncolloquially a request to not do something (勉強しない[でください])", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-22T07:37:42.977", "id": "100752", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-22T07:37:42.977", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "46968", "parent_id": "100751", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100755", "answer_count": 1, "body": "So I have this sentence すべての会社は、才能ある人材を育成すべきだ. I'm focusing on 才能ある人材. I'm\nguessing that 才能ある is short for 才能がある. But then aru is followed by 人材 which is\nanother noun. The translation is \"people with talent\". Does ある in this case\nact as an adjective to 人材 which means personnel to make the phrase \"talented\n(or has talent) (才能がある) personnel (人材)\" or \"people with talent\"?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-22T09:56:28.770", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100754", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-22T10:21:01.273", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-22T10:04:57.653", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "57016", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "grammar", "adjectives", "relative-clauses" ], "title": "Can aru be used as an adjective?", "view_count": 437 }

[ { "body": "Here ある is modifying 人材 as a [**relative\nclause**](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/14550/5010). A very literal\ntranslation of 才能(が)ある人材 is \"human resource where talent exists\".\n\nある is not the only verb that \"works like an adjective\". Actually, if you look\nat the grammar of Japanese relative clauses, you may notice that _all_\nJapanese verbs can act like an adjective! I don't want to confuse you, but\nthis is why some linguists argue that [Japanese actually has no distinction\nbetween verbs and\ni-adjectives](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1008/5010). In fact, verbs\nand i-adjectives conjugate a bit differently, but functionally speaking, they\nare surprisingly similar.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-22T10:21:01.273", "id": "100755", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-22T10:21:01.273", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100754", "post_type": "answer", "score": 8 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100759", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I was reading 銀河鉄道の夜, and I’m confused on the choice of word order in the\nfollowing sentence. I understand what the sentence means, but I do not\nunderstand why みんな isnt before が.\n\n> たしかにあれがみんな星だと\n\nLet me know if more context is necessary.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-22T13:55:02.820", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100757", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-22T21:01:26.487", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-22T17:02:32.947", "last_editor_user_id": "56627", "owner_user_id": "56627", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar", "word-choice", "word-usage" ], "title": "Word order in 銀河鉄道の夜", "view_count": 84 }

[ { "body": "For clarity, in the context of the 銀河鉄道の夜 the clause the question is about is\nmeant as an answer to\n\n> [...]このぼんやりと白いものがほんとうは何かご承知ですか。\n\n— something the teacher asks the class while pointing to an illustration of\nthe Milky Way, and it is part of a longer sentence that continues on like so:\n\n> たしかにあれがみんな星だと、いつか雑誌で読んだのでしたが...\n\nWith that out of the way, the reason みんな comes after が here is because it is\nused as an adverb (meaning \"all, everything, wholly\") rather than a noun.\n\n> たしかにあれが **みんな** 星だと _...that (it is/they are) certainly **all** stars_\n\nみんな as a noun could not really have been used here, as would then refer to a\ngroup of people, while the sentence is about what the Milky Way is composed\nof.\n\nThis use corresponds to its second definition on\n[jisho.org](https://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%BF%E3%82%93%E3%81%82) as well as\non\n[goo.ne.jp](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E7%9A%86_%28%E3%81%BF%E3%81%AA%29/)\n(here listed under みな). Those two sites also give the following examples,\nrespectively:\n\n> 木の葉は **みんな** 落ちてしまった。The leaves have all fallen. \n> 今回の不始末は **みんな** 私の責任です This (case of) mismanagement is entirely my fault.\n> (emphasis, second translation mine)\n\nAs adverbs cannot take the subject-marker が, the only way for this みんな to end\nup before it would be by being placed before あれが, but while (as neither a\nnative speaker nor an advanced learner) I may be wrong on this and cannot\nproperly explain it, to me it sounds incredibly weird and is most likely just\nincorrect.", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-22T21:01:26.487", "id": "100759", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-22T21:01:26.487", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51521", "parent_id": "100757", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100761", "answer_count": 2, "body": "I can't understand this sign. Part しない just doesn't make sense to me. If it\nweren't there I would translate it as \"Drunken driving isn't allowed. This\nregion under my duty\" (later part I would assume so due to subtitle about\npolice, so this sign is probably is written from the point of view of police-\nman. But it would be way to aggressive, so I'm probably wrong here too?)\n\nBut with しない it turns into \"Drunken driving is a must!\" which is definetly\nwrong.\n\nWhat does しない stand for?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ugNlh.jpg)", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-22T20:10:40.280", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100758", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-23T01:12:31.730", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "9205", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "translation", "parsing" ], "title": "Meaning of しない in sign 飲酒運転しないさせない我が職場", "view_count": 123 }

[ { "body": "Meaning-wise, it means \"Drunk driving in our/your workplace: don't do, don't\nlet someone else do.\"\n\nThe order of the words is slightly unusual so to emphasize 「飲酒運転」(that, for\nthis reason, is written in red), rather than 「我が職場」. In addition, the space\nbetween the verbs implies that those are two different actions, which is not\nunusual in Japanese copywriting - especially in PSA-like advertisements. I\nhave seen some examples in my workplace before (unfortunately, I can't upload\nthem here).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-23T00:20:27.507", "id": "100760", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-23T00:20:27.507", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "14243", "parent_id": "100758", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 }, { "body": "It's a [標語]{ひょうご}. So each phrase is written to match the 5 and 7 mora counts\n(like 川柳 and 俳句):\n\n> いんしゅうんてん -- 7 mora \n> しない、させない -- 7 mora \n> わがしょくば -- 5 mora\n\nTo rewrite it in a nomal way it'd be like:\n\n> 「飲酒運転をしない。飲酒運転をさせない。わが職場では。」 \n> 「うちの職場では、飲酒運転をしません。飲酒運転をさせません。」 \n> \"We don't do drunken-driving, don't let others do drunken-driving, in our\n> workplace\"", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-23T00:29:39.707", "id": "100761", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-23T01:12:31.730", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-23T01:12:31.730", "last_editor_user_id": "9831", "owner_user_id": "9831", "parent_id": "100758", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "Recently, I've been doing Japanese language processing. As far as I know,\nJapanese is a tone language and there is only one accent nucleus in an accent\nphrase in most cases. So, basically, there are two major tasks. One is to\ncombine single words into accent phrases. The other is to determine the accent\nnucleus of accent phrases based on rules proposed in\n[日本語単語連鎖のアクセント規則](https://www.gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/%7Emine/japanese/acoustics/sagisaka.pdf).\n\nBut the first task is very difficult to me. I've done some research but never\nfound any clear and comprehensive rules for that. There are some rules used in\n[Open\nJTalk](https://github.com/r9y9/open_jtalk/blob/1.11/src/njd_set_accent_phrase/njd_set_accent_phrase_rule_utf_8.h)\nbut they are too general to be accurate enough.\n[OJAD](https://www.gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/%7Emine/japanese/acoustics/OJAD_Kashiwa_White.pdf)\ndoesn't provide any clear rules, either.\n\nBelow is a rule from OpenJTalk and an example where it's applied.\n\n```\n\n 「動詞」の後に「形容詞」or「名詞」がきたら別のアクセント句に\n \n```\n\nSuppose the input text is 優しい人. First, we can tokenize it into words using\nMeCab.\n\n```\n\n 優しい 形容詞,自立,*,*,形容詞・イ段,基本形,優しい,ヤサシイ,ヤサシイ,0/4,*\n 人 名詞,一般,*,*,*,*,人,ヒト,ヒト,0/2,C3\n \n```\n\nSince 優しい is 形容詞 and 人 is 名詞, using the rule above, they fall into different\naccent phrases.\n\n```\n\n 優しい#人\n \n```\n\nAnother rule is shown below.\n\n```\n\n 「助詞」or「助動詞」（付属語）は前にくっつける\n \n```\n\nSuppose the input text is 優しい人ですね.\n\n```\n\n 優しい 形容詞,自立,*,*,形容詞・イ段,基本形,優しい,ヤサシイ,ヤサシイ,0/4,*\n 人 名詞,一般,*,*,*,*,人,ヒト,ヒト,0/2,C3\n です 助動詞,*,*,*,特殊・デス,基本形,です,デス,デス’,1/2,名詞%F2@1/動詞%F1/形容詞%F2@0\n ね 助詞,終助詞,*,*,*,*,ね,ネ,ネ,1/1,動詞%F1/名詞%F1/形容詞%F1\n \n```\n\nSince です and ね are 助動詞 and 助詞, respectively, they are chained to 人. Still, we\nget two accent phrases.\n\n```\n\n 優しい#人ですね\n \n```", "comment_count": 7, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-23T03:32:07.263", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100762", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-23T08:22:13.817", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-23T08:22:13.817", "last_editor_user_id": "57227", "owner_user_id": "57227", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "phrases", "pitch-accent" ], "title": "Are there any rules for determining accent phrases?", "view_count": 90 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "At [5m18s](https://youtu.be/nSqrgTEpHmM?t=318), the speaker says\n\n> 悪い **ことばかり** しています\n\nwith pronunciation ことばかり{LHHLL}. Even OJAD agrees with this pronunciation:\n\n> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uCcUx.png)\n\n**Question:** I thought こと was Odaka, so shouldn't this be ことばかり{LHLLL}?", "comment_count": 5, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-23T04:59:35.013", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100763", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-23T04:59:35.013", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "51280", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "pitch-accent", "particle-ばかり" ], "title": "Pronunciation of ことばかり", "view_count": 57 }

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{ "accepted_answer_id": "100766", "answer_count": 1, "body": "So I've found this sentence:\n\n> 私が、それを使って文章を書いたところの、ペン\n\nAnd I'm wondering why it works. It's translated as \"The pen that I used to\nwrite sentences with.\"\n\nShouldn't it be: \"The pen that I used (it) and wrote sentences with\", since 使う\nis in its te form meaning it's acting as and?\n\nAnd why doesn't this sentence work?\n\n> 私が、それを使って寿司を食べたところの、箸。\n\nWhen I put it on google translate it translates as:\n\n> Chopsticks where I used them to eat sushi.\n\nWhy won't it translate to \"Chopsticks that I used to eat sushi with\"?\n\nI found it from here on one of the answers to this\n[question](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/14541/relative-\nclauses-distinguishing-whom-with-which-that/14550#14550)", "comment_count": 9, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-23T07:07:59.257", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100764", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-24T02:21:19.677", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-23T07:50:29.897", "last_editor_user_id": "57016", "owner_user_id": "57016", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "why does this sentence work: 「私が、それを使って文章を書いたところの、ペン」?", "view_count": 231 }

[ { "body": "You're correct that 使って is \"use(d) _and_ \". if you need to translate sentences\nvery faithfully like legal documents, the corresponding combinations of\nEnglish and Japanese sentences would be as follows:\n\n * 私が使って文章を書いたペン \nthe pen I used and wrote sentences with\n\n * 私が文章を書くために使ったペン \nthe pen I used to write sentences with\n\nPractically, however, there is little difference between these two, and this\ndegree of deviation in translation is usually acceptable. For a learner who\nhas acquired the basic grammar, it's important to learn to _not_ worry about\nsomething like this too much.\n\n* * *\n\nSome may be wondering how this ところの is working:\n\n * 私がそれを使って文章を書いた **ところの** ペン\n * 私がそれを使って寿司を食べた **ところの** 箸\n\nThese are actually correct and natural Japanese phrases, but at the same time,\nthey are quite stilted and literary, and that's why Google Translate failed to\ntranslate them naturally (the natural version is shown at the beginning of my\nanswer). A beginner should probably revisit this pattern much later after\nbecoming able to solve JLPT N1-level problems.\n\nAnyway, this type of ところの is something that is only sometimes inserted to\nemphasize (?) a relative clause:\n\n 1. 彼がやった行動 \n彼がやったところの行動 \nthe action he took\n\n 2. 私が彼女に渡したプレゼント \n私が彼女に渡したところのプレゼント \nthe present I gave to her\n\n 3. 昨日この道を通った人物 \n(?昨日この道を通ったところの人物) \nthe person who passed this street yesterday\n\n 4. 海が見えるレストラン \n(?海が見えるところのレストラン) \nthe restaurant where you can see the ocean\n\n 5. 太陽が昇る時間 \n(?太陽が昇るところの時間) \nthe time when the sun rises\n\nThe versions with ところの sound stilted, pompous, and politician-like to me, but\nthere is no difference in meaning. This construction works especially well\nwhen the noun that has been pulled out is the object of the verb, as in your\nexamples. In other types of relative clauses, like the ones I marked with `?`,\nところの sounds less natural, but they are not unheard of.\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:** Here is another way in which ところの can be used naturally. The basic\nmeaning of the phrase doesn't change with or without ところの, but I feel that\nところの makes the modifying clause a little more reserved or euphemistic.\n\n * 私が知っている相対性理論 \n私が知っているところの相対性理論 \nthe theory of relativity as I understand it\n\n * その哲学者が言う楽園 \nその哲学者が言うところの楽園 \nthe \"Paradise,\" as that philosopher calls it\n\n * 日本人が信じる神 \n日本人が信じるところの神 \nthe gods as believed in by the Japanese people", "comment_count": 4, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-23T11:06:39.357", "id": "100766", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-24T02:21:19.677", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-24T02:21:19.677", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100764", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100769", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Ive seen this sentence 強がら **ないでいい**.\n\nI wondered Would there be any difference if i replaced it with 強がら **なくていい**?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-23T10:30:57.963", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100765", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-23T11:42:38.013", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55784", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "what are the differences between ないでもいい and なくてもいい?", "view_count": 60 }

[ { "body": "強がらないで(も)いい and 強がらなくて(も)いい mean the same thing, and are interchangeable. More\ngenerally, (し)ないでいい and (し)なくていい are always interchangeable. The former is\nprobably more common in informal settings, but both are perfectly natural.\n\n(Of course, that is not to say ないで and なくて are always the same. See [these\nsearch\nresults](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/search?tab=votes&q=%22%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%A7%22%20%22%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E3%81%A6%22).)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-23T11:42:38.013", "id": "100769", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-23T11:42:38.013", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100765", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100768", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I would translate this sentence\n\n> 日本の昔話は代表的なものだけで、２，３百はあります。\n\nas \"Japanese folktales has about 200, 300 as only representative of it\". My\nquestion is does で after だけ mean that the noun before it acts as a tool for\nthe proceding sentence?\n\nMy translation is awkward but I think that that's what the sentence mean. Is\nmy translation correct? Or is there a better way to translate it and what is\nthat better way? Also how do I factor \"de\" in translating this sentence?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-23T11:09:17.983", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100767", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-23T11:33:58.620", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57016", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "nuances", "particle-で" ], "title": "Does で in this sentence 「日本の昔話は代表的なものだけで、２，３百はあります。」 mean that the noun before it is a tool for the proceding sentence?", "view_count": 622 }

[ { "body": "Your translation does seem awkward to me, so let's check what it means first:\n\n * 日本の昔話は二、三百あります。 \nThere are 200 to 300 Japanese folktales.\n\n * 日本の昔話は二、三百 **は** あります。 \nThere are **at least** 200 or 300 Japanese folktales.\n\n * 日本の昔話は **代表的なものだけで** 二、三百はあります。 \n**Counting only the major ones** , there are at least 200 or 300 Japanese\nfolktales.\n\nThe particle で after 代表的なものだけ is a **scope/condition** marker rather than a\nmethod marker. It marks the condition for the following expression to hold\ntrue. Similar examples include:\n\n * **合計で** 30人います。 \nThere are 30 people **in total**.\n\n * **最大で** 3万円かかります。 \nIt will cost **up to** 30,000 yen.\n\n * **追加で** 50個注文しました。 \nI ordered **additional** 50 units.\n\n * **今日だけで** 単語を100個覚えました。 \n**Today alone** , I learned 100 words.\n\n * **ある意味で** 興味深い。 \nIt's interesting **in one sense**.\n\nUnfortunately, there is no one-size-fits-all English expression that\ncorresponds to this type of で, so you'll need to get used to them\nindividually.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-23T11:24:13.010", "id": "100768", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-23T11:33:58.620", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-23T11:33:58.620", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100767", "post_type": "answer", "score": 10 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": ">\n> こうした近代における新しい民族併合の過程は、他の民族に対する強制や差別など、古代から民族の形成を通じて共感を形作ってきた単一民族としてのアイデンティティに、多くの問題を引き起こした。\n\nI am trying to contract this sentence\n\n> この過程はアイデンティティに、多くの問題を引き起こした\n\nbut I still can't figure out に's role in this sentence,anyone help?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-23T17:13:09.283", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100770", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-23T20:48:26.523", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45347", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "what is に's function in this sentence", "view_count": 68 }

[ { "body": "The に particle here marks or indicates what kind of / examples of \"many\nproblems that have occurred\" (多くの問題を引き起こした) when it comes to \"new ethnic group\nmerge processes in the present day\" (こうした近代における新しい民族併合の過程)\n\nEverything preceding the に up to the は are the problems the writer is talking\nabout:\n\n 1. Things such as coercion and discrimination in regards to other ethnic groups (他の民族に対する強制や差別など)\n 2. Identity in terms of race homogeny when it comes to understanding ethnic group formation since ancient times and empathy that has formed (古代から民族の形成を通じて共感を形作ってきた単一民族としてのアイデンティティ)\n\nWhen I read your condensed version, I see the に filling the same role more or\nless. It marks \"identity\" as the thing / area where \"many problems that have\noccurred\" are in regards to \"this process\". Overall, I read it as:\n\n> This process has had many problems that have occurred with identity\n\nAlso, the comma / spacing (、) that comes after the に is just to make it easier\nto read / for the benefit of the reader", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-23T20:48:26.523", "id": "100771", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-23T20:48:26.523", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "30339", "parent_id": "100770", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm working on a logo design project and was thinking of using the name \"Mimi\"\nas I saw [somewhere](https://en.pon-navi.net/nazuke/name/reading/f/mimi) that\nit might represent \"beautiful ocean\".\n\nI don't understand much about the Japanese language, I'm reading a lot about\nit, but what I would like to know is: would I be missing the meaning\n\"beautiful ocean\"/\"beautiful sea\" of ミ{mi}ミ{mi} if I used only katakana?\n\nFor the logo to continue having the meaning I want, do I need to use a\nspecific way of writing?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-23T22:51:47.667", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100772", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-25T01:31:53.480", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-25T01:27:16.453", "last_editor_user_id": "32952", "owner_user_id": "57351", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "meaning", "katakana", "names", "spelling" ], "title": "Can I convey a meaning in a name with only kana? If not, what Kanji should I use for the name \"Mimi\" to convey \"Beautiful Ocean\"?", "view_count": 135 }

[ { "body": "> would I be missing the meaning \"beautiful ocean\"/\"beautiful sea\" of\n> ミ{mi}ミ{mi} if I used only katakana?\n\nYes. Whether you use hiragana (みみ), katakana (ミミ) or romaji (Mimi), no one\nwould think you're referring to the ocean. If anything, people would imagine\n[this word](https://jisho.org/word/%E8%80%B3), which is not what you want to\nconvey.\n\nIf you heard that Mimi meant \"beautiful ocean\" from someone, I think that\nperson had the kanji **美海** in mind, which is one of the [many combinations of\nkanji that can be assigned to the name\n\"Mimi\"](https://b-name.jp/%E8%B5%A4%E3%81%A1%E3%82%83%E3%82%93%E5%90%8D%E5%89%8D%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8/f/yomi/%E3%81%BF%E3%81%BF/).\n美海 indeed carries the meaning of \"beautiful (=美) ocean (=海)\". I would like you\nto read [this Wikipedia\narticle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system) about the\nJapanese writing system, but the kanji 美海 is mandatory to convey the meaning\nof \"beautiful ocean\". If you write it in hiragana, katakana, or romaji, the\nintended meaning won't be conveyed.\n\nAlso note that 美海 is a girl's name, not an ordinary word defined in regular\ndictionaries. It doesn't make much sense outside person names. If you used the\nkanji 美海 in your logo, people would wonder if it's an anime character goods or\nsomething. What's worse, \"Mimi (みみ)\" is not the only reading of the kanji 美海;\nit can be read also as\n[みう](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%A4%E8%B0%B7%E7%BE%8E%E6%B5%B7),\n[みうみ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%B2%E7%BE%8E%E6%B5%B7) or in other\nrare ways. A common workaround is to include both kanji and kana/romaji in\nyour logo, as shown [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/43797/5010)\nand [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/62488/5010).", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-24T01:21:11.997", "id": "100773", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-25T01:31:53.480", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-25T01:31:53.480", "last_editor_user_id": "32952", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100772", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100775", "answer_count": 1, "body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fRVPC.png)\n\nSo the character in the top panel asks how much a custom made order suits\ncosts. After he gets told the price he points out is very expensive (高い) to\nwhich the other character replies それなりに\n\nMy understanding of the world is that reduces/put a limit on the previous one,\nhowever I struggle to understand how it's used with 高い? Is he saying is not\nthat actually that expensive?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-24T02:34:42.453", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100774", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-24T03:32:15.900", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57295", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "meaning", "particle-に", "sentence" ], "title": "What does それなりに means in this conttext?", "view_count": 77 }

[ { "body": "Here, それなりに(高い) indicates that, although it's expensive, it's priced to\n_reflect the value of the suit and the effort to make it_. This それ vaguely\nrefers to the value/quality/effort associated with the custom-made suit, and\nXなりに indicates \"as much as can be expected based on X\". For details, see [my\nanswer here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/98577/5010). In other words,\nwhile admitting it's expensive, he is satisfied with it because of the high\nquality.\n\nNote that それなりの値段 may refer to a low price when they're talking about cheap\nsuits.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-24T03:15:13.533", "id": "100775", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-24T03:32:15.900", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-24T03:32:15.900", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100774", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/t1WAB.png)\n\nアメリカならまだしも失踪した未成年に大麻の検査まではしないだろう\n\nUpon some googling, the grammar seems to used for something akin to\n\nPattern 1) Noun[A] + ならまだしも + [B] [A] is the preferred option over [B].\n\nHowever I'm struggling to see how it's being used in this sentence. The\ngeneral meaning is that, going by top panel is that girl sneaked into the\nhouse were the criminals were, so they drugged her and dumped here somewhere\nelse to settle the situation.\n\nThe dialog after says that it's lucky she didn't get killed.\n\nアメリカならまだしも失踪した未成年に大麻の検査まではしないだろう\n\nMy literal reading of the dialog would be something like\n\n\"It would be better if it was America over not testing as missing girl for\ndrugs\" which I don't think makes much sense. From the previous pages context,\nI'm fairly sure they mentioned she got tested for alcohol. Going from context\nthe only think that comes to mind is something akin to \"It would be better if\nit was America. (here in japan) they don't test for drugs on missing people.\"\n\nTo sum it up, what is the exact structure of this sentence:\n\n> アメリカならまだしも失踪した未成年に大麻の検査まではしないだろう", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-24T17:06:21.857", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100778", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-26T13:58:25.833", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57295", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar", "sentence" ], "title": "Understanding the usage of ならまだしも", "view_count": 92 }

[ { "body": "The A なら まだしも B pattern has another use:\n\nA is conceivable/possible/understandable, but B is\ninconceivable/impossible/incomprehensible.\n\nIn this case, the speaker is saying that testing a missing minor for drugs is\nsomething that might be done in the US, but would never be done in Japan.\n\nBased on the rest of the panel, I suspect the speaker is actually describing\nhis hypothesis of the reasoning of the criminals for dumping the girl without\nkilling her rather than giving his own opinion, and that she was, in fact,\ntested and found to have marijuana in her system.\n\nI hope that gives you enough to go on to rethink your translation.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-26T13:58:25.833", "id": "100800", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-26T13:58:25.833", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "22424", "parent_id": "100778", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100782", "answer_count": 1, "body": "In Rurouni Kenshin, a woman is running away from Kanryuu's men. A guy asks her\n\"are you Kanryuu's girl?\" (anta wa Kanryuu no iro ka?)\n\nAnyways, my question is the usage of \"iro\" to mean one's girl/lover (since I\nhaven't heard it before). Is it an out-dated term (Rurouni Kenshin takes place\nduring the early Meiji era iirc)? Is it considered vulgar/impolite? And is it\nusually written in kanji, or hiragana, or what?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-25T00:40:13.307", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100779", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-25T03:03:59.417", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "35659", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "word-choice", "words", "connotation" ], "title": "Usage/connotation of \"いろ\" meaning someone's \"girl/lover\"", "view_count": 58 }

[ { "body": "It is listed in [goo\ndictionary](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/%E3%81%84%E3%82%8D/#jn-15685) as\nfollows:\n\n> ８\n>\n> ㋐情事。色事。「―を好む」「―に溺れる」\n>\n> ㋑女性の美しい容貌。「―に迷う」\n>\n> **㋒情人。恋人。いい人。「―をつくる」**\n\nIt is simply dated and vulgar (impolite does not seem to fit - it's not really\nused now). My impression is that it is often used in Jidai-geki (=Japanese\nhistorical drama mostly set in Edo era, which was popular in Showa Era).", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-25T03:03:59.417", "id": "100782", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-25T03:03:59.417", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "100779", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100789", "answer_count": 2, "body": "Recently I got curious about Duolingo's Japanese courses, so I downloaded it\nand skipped over to section 5. This is the highest level section where they\nare still teaching you to my understanding. There is a section 6, but this\nseems to be a daily review only.\n\nRegardless, during the session I did, they asked me to translate the following\nsentence: 俺は人間をやめるぞ！According to Duolingo, based on the words you're allowed\nto select, the answer is \"I reject my humanity\"\n\nBut, I honestly read the Japanese as \"I will stop mankind (the human race)!\".\nHowever, I could see Duolingo's translation being right if they used\n[辞める](https://jisho.org/search/%E8%BE%9E%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B), but I would have\nexpected them to use the kanji to convey this. Especially given that the other\nparts of the sentence are in kanji.\n\nSo how correct / natural is Duolingo here actually? How far am I off with my\ninterpretation?", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-25T02:30:33.073", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100781", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-27T10:10:38.730", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-25T03:20:55.673", "last_editor_user_id": "30339", "owner_user_id": "30339", "post_type": "question", "score": 3, "tags": [ "translation", "word-choice" ], "title": "How correct is Duolingo with 俺は人間をやめるぞ！", "view_count": 966 }

[ { "body": "I don't remember the scene, but the context of the phrase is, according to\n[here](https://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E3%81%8A%E3%82%8C%E3%81%AF%E4%BA%BA%E9%96%93%E3%82%92%E3%82%84%E3%82%81%E3%82%8B%E3%81%9E!%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%83!!),\nthat Dio mentions limitations of being a human and then says the phrase. The\nintended meaning is that he is going _beyond_ human.\n\nSo both _reject_ and _stop_ would make sense: _reject_ all the limitations\nassociated with being a human or _stop_ being a human and become something\nsuperior.\n\nI guess the most literal word for the やめる is _to quit_.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-25T03:10:18.413", "id": "100783", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-25T03:10:18.413", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "100781", "post_type": "answer", "score": 5 }, { "body": "やめる is a transitive verb that can mean \"to discontinue (an ongoing plan,\nactivity, etc)\" or \"to quit (smoking, habit, job, etc)\", but it does not mean\n\"to stop/block (someone/something)\" in general. 人間をやめる only means that he will\nno longer be a human, regardless of whether it's written as 止める【やめる】 or\n辞める【やめる】 in kanji. (止める without furigana would usually be read as とめる, so it's\nin hiragana on purpose to avoid misreading.) \"I reject my humanity\" is a bit\nof free translation but I believe it's correct.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-25T12:11:57.627", "id": "100789", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-27T10:10:38.730", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-27T10:10:38.730", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100781", "post_type": "answer", "score": 9 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100785", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I am bit puzzled by the use of 剥がれたり in the below panel\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7Vijz.png)\n\n> 剥がれたりまばたきがしにくくなるから顔の筋肉に沿ってね\n\nWhy 剥ぐ is passive here? Also, what's the purpose of たり? It looks like a\nsubstitute for て form?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-25T03:28:24.230", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100784", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-25T04:42:06.790", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55287", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "grammar" ], "title": "How 剥がれたり works here?", "view_count": 47 }

[ { "body": "Obviously it should be originally 剥ぐ＋れる, but it is just a word on its own\n\n>\n> [はがれる](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E5%89%A5%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B/#je-60096)\n> 〔とれる〕come off；〔皮をむくように〕peel off\n\n[たり](https://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/word/en/%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A/#je-46794) is a\nparticle to list things. 読んだり書いたり means _read and write_. Strictly speaking,\nたり should come in pair, but the second たり is often dropped in modern usage\n(cf. [this](https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/summary/kotoba/gimon/154.html)),\nwhich is the case with the sentence of the question.\n\nThe sentence is 剝がれたりまばたきがしにくくなっ **たり** する, and means _(If you don't apply the\ntape properly) it comes off or makes it hard to blink.._.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-25T04:31:28.387", "id": "100785", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-25T04:42:06.790", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-25T04:42:06.790", "last_editor_user_id": "45489", "owner_user_id": "45489", "parent_id": "100784", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100791", "answer_count": 1, "body": "Is this sentence correct?\n\n> 小説は読みます\n\nI've learned that は is a topic marker not an object marker. In this case it's\nacting as an object marker to 小説 since 読む is transitive a verb.\n\nNow according to the blog I got this from\n([here](https://selftaughtjapanese.com/2015/02/26/japanese-particle-\ncombination-%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF-de-wa-and-%E3%81%98%E3%82%83-ja/)) it's\nsupposed to imply that the speaker reads novels but doesn't read other things\nsuch as short stories.\n\n> One of the functions of は is to imply something applies for the word before\n> the は, but there may be other cases that do not apply.\n\n> 小説は読みます\n\n> This implies that the speaker reads novels, but there is probably something\n> he or she doesn’t read (maybe short stories?).", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-25T06:15:23.003", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100787", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-25T23:39:15.830", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57016", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "particle-は" ], "title": "Is this sentence correct「小説は読みます」?", "view_count": 120 }

[ { "body": "In this sentence, 小説 _is_ the object of 読む, but that doesn't mean it's not the\ntopic of the sentence. Just like a word can be a subject and a topic at the\nsame time, a word can be a topic and an object at the same time. In other\nwords, \"topic\" is a concept that is independent of \"case\".\n\n * 私は走ります。 \nI run. \n(私 is the subject of 走る **and** the topic of the sentence)\n\n * 小説は読みます。 \nAs for novels, (I) read (them). \n(小説 is the object of 読む **and** the topic of the sentence)\n\nFor details, please read [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/17574/5010) and [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/98017/5010).\n\nSee also [What is a topic prominent\nlanguage?](https://eastasiastudent.net/study/topic-prominent/)\n\n> The topic of a sentence is whatever the sentence is about. It’s not a\n> grammatical role like the subject, but a more pragmatic aspect of the\n> sentence. The topic is the most important piece of information - it’s what\n> the sentence is built around.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-25T23:39:15.830", "id": "100791", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-25T23:39:15.830", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100787", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "What's this t-shirt saying? What are the kanji characters and the meaning? I\ncan only figure out 羽.\n\nCheers!\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iOYcQ.jpg)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-25T10:12:44.377", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100788", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-25T10:12:44.377", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57361", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "meaning", "translation", "words", "usage", "kanji" ], "title": "What does this kanji is and what does it mean?", "view_count": 51 }

[]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100792", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I have heard both 訪問する and 見学する both being used to mean 'to visit'\n\nWhat is the difference between these two verbs?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-25T17:44:34.890", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100790", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-26T00:04:21.990", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "42007", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "verbs", "synonyms", "japanese-to-english" ], "title": "訪問する vs 見学する in meaning 'to visit'", "view_count": 98 }

[ { "body": "訪問する is \"to visit\", but 見学する is not \"to visit\" in the first place. 見学 means\nstudying how something works by directly watching an activity conducted by\nother people.\n\nIn the context of a factory tour or similar activity, (工場)訪問 and (工場)見学 are\neffectively the same. However, you can do 訪問 without doing 見学. For example,\nwhen you visit someone's office simply for a meeting or explanation, it is\nnever called 見学. Likewise, you can do 見学 without doing 訪問. For example, when\nyou're not feeling well and are sitting out a PE (gym) class, you say\n体育の授業は見学します.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-25T23:58:54.333", "id": "100792", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-26T00:04:21.990", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-26T00:04:21.990", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100790", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "The names of the mountains surrounding 檜原村 in western Tokyo are varied.\nExamples include 三頭山, 練行峰, and 醍醐丸. Further afield, there are famous mountains\nlike 八ヶ岳.\n\nI have found some explanations for the differences between the suffixes 山, 岳,\nand 峰 in [this site](https://business-textbooks.com/yama-gaku-mine/), but\nwould like to understand the nuance for 丸 as an indication of 'mountain.'", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-26T02:04:04.800", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100793", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-26T04:52:44.610", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "169", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "meaning", "nuances" ], "title": "What are the nuances around the different Japanese words for 'mountain' - specifically '丸'", "view_count": 121 }

[ { "body": "The suffix 峰（みね、ほう） is supposedly for \"peaks\", 山（やま、さん） is supposedly for\n\"mountains\", but the actual usage is kind of mixed. I'm not sure if there is a\ngood explanation beyond X is common and Y is uncommon. The distinction can be\nblurry partly because whether to call a geological feature an independent\nmountain or a peak that is part of a larger mountain is kind of arbitrary.\n(I'm sure scientists have a clear definition, but many names have been used\nfor a long time since before the definition.)\n\nsuffix | mountains | peaks \n---|---|--- \n-峰（みね、ほう） | common | common \n-山（やま、さん、ざん） | common | rare \n-岳（たけ、だけ） | common | common \n-丸（まる） | rare | uncommon", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-26T04:52:44.610", "id": "100795", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-26T04:52:44.610", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "10531", "parent_id": "100793", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 1, "body": "What kind of word is 雨さえ and how does it work with なければ since it does not seem\nto be a adjective or verb?\n\nfull sentence:\n\n雨さえなければ、七月四日に花火大会を行うつもりです。 (As long as it doesn't rain, we intend to hold the\nfireworks display on July 4th.)", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-26T12:45:50.827", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100797", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-27T05:08:55.140", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57103", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "particle-さえ" ], "title": "雨さえなければ - meaning", "view_count": 77 }

[ { "body": "According to Martin, さえ has three meanings, the basic meaning being 'in\naddition', e.g. 道が暗いうえに雨さえ降りだした 'The road was dark and on top of that it\nstarted to rain'. More frequently it means 'even', much like も which can in\nfact be attached to さえ、さえも. The third meaning, here, is to narrow the focus\nonto some element (adjunct of the verb, or the verb itself) before a verb + えば\n(provisional), conveying the meaning of '(if) just', e.g. 暇さえあれば, 'if there\njust be time', 薬さえ飲めば, 'if you just take your medicine', with emphasis on\n'medicine', while 薬を飲みさえすれば puts the emphasis on the 'taking'; we would\ndistinguish this with stress in English.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-27T05:08:55.140", "id": "100805", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-27T05:08:55.140", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "40564", "parent_id": "100797", "post_type": "answer", "score": 0 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100799", "answer_count": 1, "body": "> ホグワーツには一四二もの階段があった。 \n> There were as many as 142 staircases at Hogwarts.\n\nThis is probably a daft question but I'd like to be sure. When you see a\nnumber written in kanji like 一四二 do you read it as ひゃくよんじゅうに or as separate\nnumbers いち よん に? Does it make any difference if the text is written\nvertically?", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-26T12:50:15.193", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100798", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-26T13:12:14.737", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "kanji", "pronunciation" ], "title": "Pronouncing kanji numbers", "view_count": 77 }

[ { "body": "In this context, 一四二 obviously means one-hundred-and-forty-two, so it's read\nひゃくよんじゅうに. You can read it as いちよんに when it's a room number, zip code, etc.\nThe kan-sūji style is much more preferred in vertical writing, but writing it\nhorizontally won't change how to read it.\n\nRelated:\n\n * [Number representation in novels](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/76408/5010)\n * [Are kanji typically used in times and dates?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17423/5010) (please see my answer)\n * [What is the correct syntax for large numbers in kanji?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18293/5010)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-26T13:12:14.737", "id": "100799", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-26T13:12:14.737", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100798", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100804", "answer_count": 1, "body": "In [\"The Unfolding Of Language\" by Guy\nDeutscher](https://www.penguin.co.nz/books/the-unfolding-of-\nlanguage-9781407070285), I've read that \"harakiri\" was once pronounced as\n\"farakiri\" and, even earlier \"parakiri\", thus reavaling the word underwent the\n_p → f → h_ weakening shift that happened in many languages.\n\nNow, from a simple we search, I found that _harakiri_ is written like 腹切り.\n\nWhat about the other two forms? How do I write them?", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-26T21:47:34.990", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100801", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-27T08:43:01.837", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "55680", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "kanji", "history" ], "title": "Given harakiri was once pronounced farakiri and, even earlier, parakiri, how do I write those two older forms, using kanjis?", "view_count": 118 }

[ { "body": "If you asked this question knowing almost nothing about the [Japanese writing\nsystem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system), you should\nread a bit about it first. 腹切り is a perfectly valid Japanese word, but it's\nwritten using a type of character called\n[kanji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanji), which are **ideograms**. 腹 is a\ncharacter that represents the meaning of \"abdomen\", and 切 is an ideogram that\nmeans \"cut\". Although the kanji 腹 has several standard readings including\n\"hara\", you cannot use kanji to explain the pronunciation of a word. As an\nanalogy, you can use the emoji to convey the meaning of cat, and it has a\nstandard reading (/kæt/), but you cannot use this character to explain the\nhistorical pronunciations of the word. Even if it was _pronounced_ differently\nin the past, is always _written_ as .\n\nIf you want to compare various pronunciations of a word, you need to use\n[**hiragana**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiragana) instead, which are\nphonetic characters similar to the Latin alphabet. Here's how you can simulate\nthe old pronunciations of \"harakiri\" using hiragana:\n\nRomaji (Latin) | Hiragana \n---|--- \nharakiri | はらきり \nfarakiri | ふぁらきり \nparakiri | ぱらきり \n \nNote that the latter two rows are just rough simulations. No one would\nunderstand you if you pronounced or wrote this word in these old ways.\n\n(By the way, the word-initial \"p\" sound in Japanese words disappeared before\nthe 8th century, and the practice of harakiri did not appear until the 12th\ncentury. I doubt that people in the past actually pronounced it like\n\"parakiri\".)", "comment_count": 6, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-27T04:31:46.700", "id": "100804", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-27T08:43:01.837", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-27T08:43:01.837", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100801", "post_type": "answer", "score": 4 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100803", "answer_count": 1, "body": "From 押しの子, chapter 2:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/BmLKz.png)\n\nA guy in this panel holds a sign that reads 30秒前 to singers before their play\nstarts. I initially thought it means \"30 seconds ago\" but from context, it is\nbest understood as \"starting in 30 seconds.\" If that's case, then why use\n30秒前, not 30秒後?", "comment_count": 1, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-26T21:58:38.017", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100802", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-28T11:03:42.350", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-28T11:03:42.350", "last_editor_user_id": "32952", "owner_user_id": "55287", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "word-choice" ], "title": "Why is 前 used instead of 後?", "view_count": 156 }

[ { "body": "The basic meaning of 前 is not \"ago\" but \"before\". 3年前 can mean \"3 years ago\"\nif the reference time point is now (i.e., \"3 years before now\"), which is the\ndefault interpretation. However, it can also mean \"3 years earlier\" when the\nreference time point is set (either explicitly or implicitly) to somewhere in\nthe past or the future.\n\nWith this in mind, you can interpret this sign as \"(it's) 30 seconds before\n(the start)\". The reference time point is implicitly the start of the song,\nnot now.\n\nIn general, this is how you \"count down\" in Japanese, and people are\naccustomed to this pattern from a young age, for example with a rocket launch\nvideo. You may argue that 30秒後 would also make sense, but if the sign said\nsomething unconventional like 30秒後, the singers would be confused.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-27T03:08:10.507", "id": "100803", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-27T10:08:01.063", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-27T10:08:01.063", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100802", "post_type": "answer", "score": 3 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100808", "answer_count": 1, "body": "So I know about the fact that Japanese doesn't have a literal equivalent to\nthe third conditional of english.\n\nBut to say:\n\n> If I had eaten ice cream, my stomach would have hurt.\n\nCan I say it in japanese as:\n\n> もしアイスクリームを食べたら、お腹が痛くなったでしょう。\n\nAnd can I say \"If I had come to Japan, I would have stayed in a hotel\" as\n\n> もし日本へ行ったら、ホテルに泊まりましたでしょう。", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-27T11:29:14.567", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100807", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-27T12:46:36.253", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57016", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "conditionals" ], "title": "Can I say 「もしアイスクリームを食べたら、お腹が痛くなったでしょう。」 to mean the third conditional in Japanese", "view_count": 87 }

[ { "body": "This type of conditional is usually translated using -ていれば or -ていたなら. The\nresult part can be in either -ただろう/-たでしょう or -ていただろう/-ていたでしょう.\n\n> If I had eaten ice cream, my stomach would have hurt. \n> もしアイスクリームを食べていれば、お腹が痛くなっていただろう。 \n> もしアイスクリームを食べていたなら、お腹が痛くなっただろう。\n>\n> If I had come to Japan, I would have stayed in a hotel. \n> もし日本へ行っていたなら、ホテルに泊まっていたでしょう。 \n> もし日本へ行っていれば、ホテルに泊まったでしょう。\n\n[のに](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/64552/5010) is very commonly used\nwith this type of conditional when the speaker is regretting. If the same\nperson wanted to stay in a Japanese hotel for some reason but couldn't, the\nsentence would be:\n\n> If I had come to Japan, I would have stayed in a hotel! \n> もし日本へ行っていれば、ホテルに泊まったのに！\n\nSee also:\n\n * [why they used -ていれば instead of -ば?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/40745/5010)\n * [～ば vs ～ていれば in counterfactual conditionals](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/65029/5010)\n * [Past Unreal Conditional](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25179/5010)\n\nLastly, don't use ましたでしょう. This duplication of polite forms is unnatural.", "comment_count": 2, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-27T12:46:36.253", "id": "100808", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-27T12:46:36.253", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100807", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100810", "answer_count": 1, "body": "> ピーブズよりやっかいなのは...そんなのがいるとすれば **の話だが**...管理人のアーグスフィルチだった。 \n> The thing that was a bigger nuisance than Peeves...if there was such a\n> thing... was the caretaker, Argus Filch.\n\nI'm struggling to understand what の話だが does in this sentence. It seems to me\nto be perfectly grammatical, and makes sense, without it.\n\nそんなのがいるとすれば = \"If we consider such a thing to exist\".\n\nIn the grammar I know you can't add anything on to ば so I'm guessing とすればの話だが\nis some kind of set phrase.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-27T15:08:45.833", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100809", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-27T16:44:40.823", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "7944", "post_type": "question", "score": 1, "tags": [ "grammar", "set-phrases", "conditionals" ], "title": "Meaning of とすればの話だが", "view_count": 77 }

[ { "body": "とすればの話だが may not be a set phrase, but の話 is a versatile phrase used like so:\n\n * もしもの話だが、… \nHypothetically speaking, ...\n\n * ここだけの話だが、… \nThis is just between you and me, but ...\n\n * いつかの話ですけど、旅行に行きたいですね。 \nIt's not for now, but I'd like to go on a trip.\n\n * 全部覚えればいいだけの話だ。 \nAll you have to do is remember them all.\n\n * それを買ってからの話です。 \nThat's something to consider after the purchase.\n\n * できるできないの話ではない、やれ。 \nIt's not a matter of whether you can or can't. Do it.\n\n * [～どころの話ではない](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/39586/5010)\n\nThis type of 話 is difficult to translate directly, but I feel the English word\n\"matter\" is close. The part before の話 is quite flexible. Xの話だが is used to\nprovide a precondition that you want the listener to know before diving into\nthe topic.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-27T16:44:40.823", "id": "100810", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-27T16:44:40.823", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100809", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 0, "body": "I've started to learn Hiragana and this is my handwriting so far. Can someone\nplease give me some tips on how to improve my skills? Does it look too bad,\nwhat should I change? Also I've noticed that there are several ways of writing\nthe same symbol ( for eg ふ and そ , each of them has two? ways on how to write\nthem on paper), I was wondering if mine were okay? Thanks\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4iK0c.jpg)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uT7ci.jpg)", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-27T17:28:52.197", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100811", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-27T17:28:52.197", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "57386", "post_type": "question", "score": 0, "tags": [ "hiragana", "kana", "handwriting" ], "title": "Hiragana handwriting practice", "view_count": 47 }

[]

{ "accepted_answer_id": null, "answer_count": 2, "body": "I’m incredibly frustrated because I can’t get a straight answer anywhere. WHAT\nDOES IT MEAN? Is it contrastive, or not? In some sources, it says it is used\nto simply connect clauses (The first clause being an introductory phrase for\nthe second) and in other sources it implies it having a contrastive purpose.\nIf it isn’t contrastive, then what is the difference between it and で for\nconnecting sentences? And if it is contrastive, HOW does\n新しいゲームをやったんだけど本当に楽しい(sentence taken from a video on んだけど) translate as ‘I\nstarted playing a new game, and it’s really fun’ instead of ‘I started playing\na new game, but it’s really fun’? If you are going to explain this, please\ngive a lot of detail because I have been incredibly annoyed by this and the\nlack of explanations I’ve found for it.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-27T19:08:08.980", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100812", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-28T14:47:10.123", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-28T00:55:28.800", "last_editor_user_id": "43676", "owner_user_id": "57388", "post_type": "question", "score": 2, "tags": [ "particle-の", "conjunctions", "explanatory-の" ], "title": "What does んだけど mean?", "view_count": 116 }

[ { "body": "けど（けれど、けれども）has two meanings. The first much the same as のに, meaning 'however,\nbut'. The second meaning is 'and also', so this word is not exclusively used\nin the adversative sense of 'but' (compare が). In your example 'and' is\nappropriate as a translation. This has nothing to do with the のだ which ends\nthe first sentence (clause). Martin (Reference Grammar) says that sentence +\nのだ is especially common when some kind of reservation is expressed, or\nimplied, e.g., 行きたいのですが...'I want to go, you see, but (may I? can I?)'. Your\nexample would fall into this category I think, 'I've just started a new game\n(you see) and...'.", "comment_count": 3, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-27T23:30:58.513", "id": "100817", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-27T23:30:58.513", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "40564", "parent_id": "100812", "post_type": "answer", "score": 1 }, { "body": "んだけど can be divided into ん, だ, and けど.\n\nAs for んだ, it's a colloquial form of のだ. This の is difficult to grasp at first\nbecause English has no direct equivalent.\n\n * [Wasabi: Explanatory のだ (んだ)](https://www.wasabi-jpn.com/japanese-grammar/explanatory-noda/) (see the \"preliminary remarks\" section)\n * [What is the meaning of ～んです/～のだ/etc?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5398/5010)\n\nけど basically means \"but\", but it is also used to give a background or\nintroductory information before diving into the main topic:\n\n * [けど usage in ”魔石灯”がいい例だけど、”魔石”は…](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32824/5010)\n * [Is the topic particle は sometimes interchangable with けど?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/74396/5010)\n\nThere is no contrastive meaning in your sentence. This けど is just there to\nindicate that \"I started playing a new game\" is an introduction of your story.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-28T14:47:10.123", "id": "100826", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-28T14:47:10.123", "last_edit_date": null, "last_editor_user_id": null, "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100812", "post_type": "answer", "score": 2 } ]

{ "accepted_answer_id": "100814", "answer_count": 1, "body": "I'm confused about this sign. It states working hours. The first part is easy:\nweekdays is 9:30 to 20:00. The second part is strange. Instead of saying 週末・祭日\n(weekends and holidays), it says \"Sundays and holidays\". Which leave me with\nthe question: what about Saturday?\n\n * Is it considered weekend?\n * Is 日曜 sometimes used to describe weekends?\n * Is it customary in some places to work on Saturday in Japan (like we have some shops open on Saturday with shorten hours but closed on Sunday)?\n * Is it just quirk of some random store and I just got lucky and confused on nothing?\n * Or is there something else?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tAhgy.jpg)", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-27T20:15:05.957", "favorite_count": 0, "id": "100813", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-29T14:11:06.743", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-29T14:11:06.743", "last_editor_user_id": "3073", "owner_user_id": "9205", "post_type": "question", "score": 15, "tags": [ "meaning", "translation", "words", "word-usage" ], "title": "Is Saturday considered a weekday or weekend, or something else?", "view_count": 2681 }

[ { "body": "> Is it considered weekend?\n\nYes, Saturdays are **usually** regarded as part of 週末. They are **usually\nnot** regarded as 平日.\n\n * [The usage of 土日, 週末 and 休日](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/42376/5010)\n * [Difference between 土日 and 週末](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30129/5010)\n\n> Is 日曜 sometimes used to describe weekends?\n\nNo. 日曜 means \"Sunday\". Nothing more or less.\n\n> Is it customary in some places to work on saturday in Japan (like we have\n> some shops open on saturday with shorten hours but closed on sunday)?\n\nIt depends on the shop, but generally speaking, _most_ stores and restaurants\nin Japan are open also on Saturdays and Sundays. In the case of this store,\nit's actually open for longer hours on Sundays and national holidays than on\n\"weekdays\", which is not at all uncommon in Japan.\n\nWhen you see a tricky sign like this, you should interpret that 平日 includes\nSaturdays, too. In Japan, there is no custom of closing stores just on\nSaturdays. Therefore, in this case, it's safe to assume that this 平日 is used\nto mean \"all other days that are not 日曜 or 祭日\". So this store is open from\n9:30 to 20:00 on Saturdays.\n\nThe same applies to train timetables like this:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/avkHn.jpg)\n\nOf course trains run also on Saturdays, and they do so according to the 平日\ntable. That said, this timetable is admittedly confusing, and it would be\nbetter to say \"平日・土曜\" explicitly.", "comment_count": 0, "content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "creation_date": "2023-08-27T20:52:34.573", "id": "100814", "last_activity_date": "2023-08-27T23:04:17.100", "last_edit_date": "2023-08-27T23:04:17.100", "last_editor_user_id": "5010", "owner_user_id": "5010", "parent_id": "100813", "post_type": "answer", "score": 17 } ]